Chapter 2. Installing a cluster on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using the Agent-based Installer In OpenShift Container Platform 4.16, you can use the Agent-based Installer to install a cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), so that you can run cluster workloads on infrastructure that supports dedicated, hybrid, public, and multiple cloud environments. Note You can deploy OpenShift Container Platform on a Dedicated Region (Oracle documentation) the same as any region from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). 2.1. The Agent-based Installer and OCI overview You can install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) by using the Agent-based Installer. Both Red Hat and Oracle test, validate, and support running OCI and Oracle(R) Cloud VMware Solution (OCVS) workloads in an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI. The Agent-based installer provides the ease of use of the Assisted Installation service, but with the capability to install a cluster in either a connected or disconnected environment. The following diagrams show workflows for connected and disconnected environments: Figure 2.1. Workflow for using the Agent-based installer in a connected environment to install a cluster on OCI Figure 2.2. Workflow for using the Agent-based installer in a disconnected environment to install a cluster on OCI OCI provides services that can meet your regulatory compliance, performance, and cost-effectiveness needs. OCI supports 64-bit x86 instances and 64-bit ARM instances. Additionally, OCI provides an OCVS service where you can move VMware workloads to OCI with minimal application re-architecture. Note Consider selecting a nonvolatile memory express (NVMe) drive or a solid-state drive (SSD) for your boot disk, because these drives offer low latency and high throughput capabilities for your boot disk. By running your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI, you can access the following capabilities: Compute flexible shapes, where you can customize the number of Oracle(R) CPUs (OCPUs) and memory resources for your VM. With access to this capability, a cluster's workload can perform operations in a resource-balanced environment. You can find all RHEL-certified OCI shapes by going to the Oracle page on the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog portal. Block Volume storage, where you can configure scaling and auto-tuning settings for your storage volume, so that the Block Volume service automatically adjusts the performance level to optimize performance. OCVS, where you can deploy a cluster in a public-cloud environment that operates on a VMware(R) vSphere software-defined data center (SDDC). You continue to retain full-administrative control over your VMware vSphere environment, but you can use OCI services to improve your applications on flexible, scalable, and secure infrastructure. Important To ensure the best performance conditions for your cluster workloads that operate on OCI and on the OCVS service, ensure volume performance units (VPUs) for your block volume is sized for your workloads. The following list provides some guidance in selecting the VPUs needed for specific performance needs: Test or proof of concept environment: 100 GB, and 20 to 30 VPUs. Basic environment: 500 GB, and 60 VPUs. Heavy production environment: More than 500 GB, and 100 or more VPUs. Consider reserving additional VPUs to provide sufficient capacity for updates and scaling activities. For more information about VPUs, see Volume Performance Units (Oracle documentation). Additional resources Installation process Internet access for OpenShift Container Platform Understanding the Agent-based Installer Overview of the Compute Service (Oracle documentation) Volume Performance Units (Oracle documentation) Instance Sizing Recommendations for OpenShift Container Platform on OCI Nodes (Oracle documentation) 2.2. Creating OCI infrastructure resources and services You must create an OCI environment on your virtual machine (VM) shape. By creating this environment, you can install OpenShift Container Platform and deploy a cluster on an infrastructure that supports a wide range of cloud options and strong security policies. Having prior knowledge of OCI components can help you with understanding the concept of OCI resources and how you can configure them to meet your organizational needs. The Agent-based installer method for installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI requires that you manually create OCI resources and services. Important To ensure compatibility with OpenShift Container Platform, you must set A as the record type for each DNS record and name records as follows: api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> , which targets the apiVIP parameter of the API load balancer. api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> , which targets the apiVIP parameter of the API load balancer. *.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> , which targets the ingressVIP parameter of the Ingress load balancer. The api.* and api-int.* DNS records relate to control plane machines, so you must ensure that all nodes in your installed OpenShift Container Platform cluster can access these DNS records. Prerequisites You configured an OCI account to host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. See Prerequisites (Oracle documentation) . Procedure Create the required OCI resources and services. See OCI Resources Needed for Using the Agent-based Installer (Oracle documentation) . Additional resources Learn About Oracle Cloud Basics (Oracle documentation) 2.3. Creating configuration files for installing a cluster on OCI You need to create the install-config.yaml and the agent-config.yaml configuration files so that you can use the Agent-based Installer to generate a bootable ISO image. The Agent-based installation comprises a bootable ISO that has the Assisted discovery agent and the Assisted Service. Both of these components are required to perform the cluster installation, but the latter component runs on only one of the hosts. At a later stage, you must follow the steps in the Oracle documentation for uploading your generated agent ISO image to Oracle's default Object Storage bucket, which is the initial step for integrating your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Note You can also use the Agent-based Installer to generate or accept Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) custom resources. Prerequisites You reviewed details about the OpenShift Container Platform installation and update processes. You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing the method for users. You have read the "Preparing to install with the Agent-based Installer" documentation. You downloaded the Agent-Based Installer and the command-line interface (CLI) from the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console. You have logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform with administrator privileges. Procedure For a disconnected environment, mirror the Mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift to your local container image registry. Important Check that your openshift-install binary version relates to your local image container registry and not a shared registry, such as Red Hat Quay. USD ./openshift-install version Example output for a shared registry binary ./openshift-install 4.16.0 built from commit ae7977b7d1ca908674a0d45c5c243c766fa4b2ca release image registry.ci.openshift.org/origin/release:4.16ocp-release@sha256:0da6316466d60a3a4535d5fed3589feb0391989982fba59d47d4c729912d6363 release architecture amd64 Configure the install-config.yaml configuration file to meet the needs of your organization. Example install-config.yaml configuration file that demonstrates setting an external platform # install-config.yaml apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: <base_domain> 1 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 network type: OVNKubernetes machineNetwork: - cidr: <ip_address_from_cidr> 2 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 compute: - architecture: amd64 3 hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker replicas: 0 controlPlane: architecture: amd64 4 hyperthreading: Enabled name: master replicas: 3 platform: external: platformName: oci 5 cloudControllerManager: External sshKey: <public_ssh_key> 6 pullSecret: '<pull_secret>' 7 # ... 1 The base domain of your cloud provider. 2 The IP address from the virtual cloud network (VCN) that the CIDR allocates to resources and components that operate on your network. 3 4 Depending on your infrastructure, you can select either x86_64 , or amd64 . 5 Set OCI as the external platform, so that OpenShift Container Platform can integrate with OCI. 6 Specify your SSH public key. 7 The pull secret that you need for authenticate purposes when downloading container images for OpenShift Container Platform components and services, such as Quay.io. See Install OpenShift Container Platform 4 from the Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console. Create a directory on your local system named openshift . Important Do not move the install-config.yaml and agent-config.yaml configuration files to the openshift directory. Complete the steps in the "Configuration Files" section of the Oracle documentation to download Oracle Cloud Controller Manager (CCM) and Oracle Container Storage Interface (CSI) manifests as an archive file and save the archive file in your openshift directory. You need the Oracle CCM manifests for deploying the Oracle CCM during cluster installation so that OpenShift Container Platform can connect to the external OCI platform. You need the Oracle CSI custom manifests for deploying the Oracle CSI driver during cluster installation so that OpenShift Container Platform can claim required objects from OCI. Access the custom manifest files that are provided in the "Configuration Files" section of the Oracle documentation. Change the oci-cloud-controller-manager secret that is defined in the oci-ccm.yml configuration file to match your organization's region, compartment OCID, VCN OCID, and the subnet OCID from the load balancer. Use the Agent-based Installer to generate a minimal ISO image, which excludes the rootfs image, by entering the following command in your OpenShift Container Platform CLI. You can use this image later in the process to boot all your cluster's nodes. USD ./openshift-install agent create image --log-level debug The command also completes the following actions: Creates a subdirectory, ./<installation_directory>/auth directory: , and places kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files in the subdirectory. Creates a rendezvousIP file based on the IP address that you specified in the agent-config.yaml configuration file. Optional: Any modifications you made to agent-config.yaml and install-config.yaml configuration files get imported to the Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) custom resources. Important The Agent-based Installer uses Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS). The rootfs image, which is mentioned in a later listed item, is required for booting, recovering, and repairing your operating system. Configure the agent-config.yaml configuration file to meet your organization's requirements. Example agent-config.yaml configuration file that sets values for an IPv4 formatted network. apiVersion: v1alpha1 metadata: name: <cluster_name> 1 namespace: <cluster_namespace> 2 rendezvousIP: <ip_address_from_CIDR> 3 bootArtifactsBaseURL: <server_URL> 4 # ... 1 The cluster name that you specified in your DNS record. 2 The namespace of your cluster on OpenShift Container Platform. 3 If you use IPv4 as the network IP address format, ensure that you set the rendezvousIP parameter to an IPv4 address that the VCN's Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) method allocates on your network. Also ensure that at least one instance from the pool of instances that you booted with the ISO matches the IP address value you set for rendezvousIP . 4 The URL of the server where you want to upload the rootfs image. Apply one of the following two updates to your agent-config.yaml configuration file: For a disconnected network: After you run the command to generate a minimal ISO Image, the Agent-based installer saves the rootfs image into the ./<installation_directory>/boot-artifacts directory on your local system. Use your preferred web server, such as any Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon ( httpd ), to upload rootfs to the location stated in the bootArtifactsBaseURL parameter in the agent-config.yaml configuration file. For example, if the bootArtifactsBaseURL parameter states http://192.168.122.20 , you would upload the generated rootfs image to this location, so that the Agent-based installer can access the image from http://192.168.122.20/agent.x86_64-rootfs.img . After the Agent-based installer boots the minimal ISO for the external platform, the Agent-based Installer downloads the rootfs image from the http://192.168.122.20/agent.x86_64-rootfs.img location into the system memory. Note The Agent-based Installer also adds the value of the bootArtifactsBaseURL to the minimal ISO Image's configuration, so that when the Operator boots a cluster's node, the Agent-based Installer downloads the rootfs image into system memory. For a connected network: You do not need to specify the bootArtifactsBaseURL parameter in the agent-config.yaml configuration file. The default behavior of the Agent-based Installer reads the rootfs URL location from https://rhcos.mirror.openshift.com . After the Agent-based Installer boots the minimal ISO for the external platform, the Agent-based Installer then downloads the rootfs file into your system's memory from the default RHCOS URL. Important Consider that the full ISO image, which is in excess of 1 GB, includes the rootfs image. The image is larger than the minimal ISO Image, which is typically less than 150 MB. Additional resources About OpenShift Container Platform installation Selecting a cluster installation type Preparing to install with the Agent-based Installer Downloading the Agent-based Installer Mirroring the OpenShift Container Platform image repository Optional: Using ZTP manifests 2.4. Configuring your firewall for OpenShift Container Platform Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure your firewall to grant access to the sites that OpenShift Container Platform requires. When using a firewall, make additional configurations to the firewall so that OpenShift Container Platform can access the sites that it requires to function. For a disconnected environment, you must mirror content from both Red Hat and Oracle. This environment requires that you create firewall rules to expose your firewall to specific ports and registries. Note If your environment has a dedicated load balancer in front of your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, review the allowlists between your firewall and load balancer to prevent unwanted network restrictions to your cluster. Procedure Set the following registry URLs for your firewall's allowlist: URL Port Function registry.redhat.io 443 Provides core container images access.redhat.com 443 Hosts a signature store that a container client requires for verifying images pulled from registry.access.redhat.com . In a firewall environment, ensure that this resource is on the allowlist. registry.access.redhat.com 443 Hosts all the container images that are stored on the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog, including core container images. quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn01.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn02.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn03.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn04.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn05.quay.io 443 Provides core container images cdn06.quay.io 443 Provides core container images sso.redhat.com 443 The https://console.redhat.com site uses authentication from sso.redhat.com You can use the wildcards *.quay.io and *.openshiftapps.com instead of cdn.quay.io and cdn0[1-6].quay.io in your allowlist. You can use the wildcard *.access.redhat.com to simplify the configuration and ensure that all subdomains, including registry.access.redhat.com , are allowed. When you add a site, such as quay.io , to your allowlist, do not add a wildcard entry, such as *.quay.io , to your denylist. In most cases, image registries use a content delivery network (CDN) to serve images. If a firewall blocks access, image downloads are denied when the initial download request redirects to a hostname such as cdn01.quay.io . Set your firewall's allowlist to include any site that provides resources for a language or framework that your builds require. If you do not disable Telemetry, you must grant access to the following URLs to access Red Hat Insights: URL Port Function cert-api.access.redhat.com 443 Required for Telemetry api.access.redhat.com 443 Required for Telemetry infogw.api.openshift.com 443 Required for Telemetry console.redhat.com 443 Required for Telemetry and for insights-operator Set your firewall's allowlist to include the following registry URLs: URL Port Function api.openshift.com 443 Required both for your cluster token and to check if updates are available for the cluster. rhcos.mirror.openshift.com 443 Required to download Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) images. Set your firewall's allowlist to include the following external URLs. Each repository URL hosts OCI containers. Consider mirroring images to as few repositories as possible to reduce any performance issues. URL Port Function k8s.gcr.io port A Kubernetes registry that hosts container images for a community-based image registry. This image registry is hosted on a custom Google Container Registry (GCR) domain. ghcr.io port A GitHub image registry where you can store and manage Open Container Initiative images. Requires an access token to publish, install, and delete private, internal, and public packages. storage.googleapis.com 443 A source of release image signatures, although the Cluster Version Operator needs only a single functioning source. registry.k8s.io port Replaces the k8s.gcr.io image registry because the k8s.gcr.io image registry does not support other platforms and vendors. 2.5. Running a cluster on OCI To run a cluster on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), you must upload the generated agent ISO image to the default Object Storage bucket on OCI. Additionally, you must create a compute instance from the supplied base image, so that your OpenShift Container Platform and OCI can communicate with each other for the purposes of running the cluster on OCI. Note OCI supports the following OpenShift Container Platform cluster topologies: Installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on a single node. A highly available cluster that has a minimum of three control plane instances and two compute instances. A compact three-node cluster that has a minimum of three control plane instances. Prerequisites You generated an agent ISO image. See the "Creating configuration files for installing a cluster on OCI" section. Procedure Upload the agent ISO image to Oracle's default Object Storage bucket and import the agent ISO image as a custom image to this bucket. Ensure you that you configure the custom image to boot in Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) mode. For more information, see Creating the OpenShift Container Platform ISO Image (Oracle documentation) . Create a compute instance from the supplied base image for your cluster topology. See Creating the OpenShift Container Platform cluster on OCI (Oracle documentation) . Important Before you create the compute instance, check that you have enough memory and disk resources for your cluster. Additionally, ensure that at least one compute instance has the same IP address as the address stated under rendezvousIP in the agent-config.yaml file. Additional resources Recommended resources for topologies Instance Sizing Recommendations for OpenShift Container Platform on OCI Nodes (Oracle documentation) Troubleshooting OpenShift Container Platform on OCI (Oracle documentation) 2.6. Verifying that your Agent-based cluster installation runs on OCI Verify that your cluster was installed and is running effectively on Oracle(R) Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Prerequisites You created all the required OCI resources and services. See the "Creating OCI infrastructure resources and services" section. You created install-config.yaml and agent-config.yaml configuration files. See the "Creating configuration files for installing a cluster on OCI" section. You uploaded the agent ISO image to Oracle's default Object Storage bucket, and you created a compute instance on OCI. For more information, see "Running a cluster on OCI". Procedure After you deploy the compute instance on a self-managed node in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you can monitor the cluster's status by choosing one of the following options: From the OpenShift Container Platform CLI, enter the following command: USD ./openshift-install agent wait-for install-complete --log-level debug Check the status of the rendezvous host node that runs the bootstrap node. After the host reboots, the host forms part of the cluster. Use the kubeconfig API to check the status of various OpenShift Container Platform components. For the KUBECONFIG environment variable, set the relative path of the cluster's kubeconfig configuration file: USD export KUBECONFIG=~/auth/kubeconfig Check the status of each of the cluster's self-managed nodes. CCM applies a label to each node to designate the node as running in a cluster on OCI. USD oc get nodes -A Output example NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION main-0.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 7m v1.27.4+6eeca63 main-1.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 15m v1.27.4+d7fa83f main-2.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 15m v1.27.4+d7fa83f Check the status of each of the cluster's Operators, with the CCM Operator status being a good indicator that your cluster is running. USD oc get co Truncated output example NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE MESSAGE authentication 4.16.0-0 True False False 6m18s baremetal 4.16.0-0 True False False 2m42s network 4.16.0-0 True True False 5m58s Progressing: ... ... Additional resources Gathering log data from a failed Agent-based installation

Commands:
./openshift-install version
./openshift-install 4.16.0 built from commit ae7977b7d1ca908674a0d45c5c243c766fa4b2ca release image registry.ci.openshift.org/origin/release:4.16ocp-release@sha256:0da6316466d60a3a4535d5fed3589feb0391989982fba59d47d4c729912d6363 release architecture amd64
install-config.yaml apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: <base_domain> 1 networking: clusterNetwork: - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 hostPrefix: 23 network type: OVNKubernetes machineNetwork: - cidr: <ip_address_from_cidr> 2 serviceNetwork: - 172.30.0.0/16 compute: - architecture: amd64 3 hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker replicas: 0 controlPlane: architecture: amd64 4 hyperthreading: Enabled name: master replicas: 3 platform: external: platformName: oci 5 cloudControllerManager: External sshKey: <public_ssh_key> 6 pullSecret: '<pull_secret>' 7
./openshift-install agent create image --log-level debug
apiVersion: v1alpha1 metadata: name: <cluster_name> 1 namespace: <cluster_namespace> 2 rendezvousIP: <ip_address_from_CIDR> 3 bootArtifactsBaseURL: <server_URL> 4
./openshift-install agent wait-for install-complete --log-level debug
export KUBECONFIG=~/auth/kubeconfig
oc get nodes -A
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION main-0.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 7m v1.27.4+6eeca63 main-1.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 15m v1.27.4+d7fa83f main-2.private.agenttest.oraclevcn.com Ready control-plane, master 15m v1.27.4+d7fa83f
oc get co
NAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE MESSAGE authentication 4.16.0-0 True False False 6m18s baremetal 4.16.0-0 True False False 2m42s network 4.16.0-0 True True False 5m58s Progressing: ... ...