Chapter 16. Multiple networks 16.1. Understanding multiple networks By default, OVN-Kubernetes serves as the Container Network Interface (CNI) of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster. With OVN-Kubernetes as the default CNI of a cluster, OpenShift Container Platform administrators or users can leverage user-defined networks (UDNs) or NetworkAttachmentDefinition (NADs) to create one, or multiple, default networks that handle all ordinary network traffic of the cluster. Both user-defined networks and Network Attachment Definitions can serve as the following network types: Primary networks : Act as the primary network for the pod. By default, all traffic passes through the primary network unless a pod route is configured to send traffic through other networks. Secondary networks : Act as additional, non-default networks for a pod. Secondary networks provide separate interfaces dedicated to specific traffic types or purposes. Only pod traffic that is explicitly configured to use a secondary network is routed through its interface. However, during cluster installation, OpenShift Container Platform administrators can configure alternative default secondary pod networks by leveraging the Multus CNI plugin. With Multus, multiple CNI plugins such as ipvlan, macvlan, or Network Attachment Definitions can be used together to serve as secondary networks for pods. Note User-defined networks are only available when OVN-Kubernetes is used as the CNI. They are not supported for use with other CNIs. You can define an additional network based on the available CNI plugins and attach one or more of these networks to your pods. You can define more than one additional network for your cluster depending on your needs. This gives you flexibility when you configure pods that deliver network functionality, such as switching or routing. For a complete list of supported CNI plugins, see "Additional networks in OpenShift Container Platform" . For information about user-defined networks, see About user-defined networks (UDNs) . For information about Network Attachment Definitions, see Creating primary networks using a NetworkAttachmentDefinition . 16.1.1. Usage scenarios for an additional network You can use an additional network in situations where network isolation is needed, including data plane and control plane separation. Isolating network traffic is useful for the following performance and security reasons: Performance Traffic management : You can send traffic on two different planes to manage how much traffic is along each plane. Security Network isolation : You can send sensitive traffic onto a network plane that is managed specifically for security considerations, and you can separate private data that must not be shared between tenants or customers. All of the pods in the cluster still use the cluster-wide default network to maintain connectivity across the cluster. Every pod has an eth0 interface that is attached to the cluster-wide pod network. You can view the interfaces for a pod by using the oc exec -it <pod_name> -- ip a command. If you add additional network interfaces that use Multus CNI, they are named net1 , net2 , ... , netN . To attach additional network interfaces to a pod, you must create configurations that define how the interfaces are attached. You specify each interface by using either a UserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR) or a NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR. A CNI configuration inside each of these CRs defines how that interface is created. For more information about creating a UserDefinedNetwork CR, see About user-defined networks . For more information about creating a NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR, see Creating primary networks using a NetworkAttachmentDefinition . 16.1.2. Additional networks in OpenShift Container Platform OpenShift Container Platform provides the following CNI plugins for creating additional networks in your cluster: bridge : Configure a bridge-based additional network to allow pods on the same host to communicate with each other and the host. host-device : Configure a host-device additional network to allow pods access to a physical Ethernet network device on the host system. ipvlan : Configure an ipvlan-based additional network to allow pods on a host to communicate with other hosts and pods on those hosts, similar to a macvlan-based additional network. Unlike a macvlan-based additional network, each pod shares the same MAC address as the parent physical network interface. vlan : Configure a VLAN-based additional network to allow VLAN-based network isolation and connectivity for pods. macvlan : Configure a macvlan-based additional network to allow pods on a host to communicate with other hosts and pods on those hosts by using a physical network interface. Each pod that is attached to a macvlan-based additional network is provided a unique MAC address. TAP : Configure a TAP-based additional network to create a tap device inside the container namespace. A TAP device enables user space programs to send and receive network packets. SR-IOV : Configure an SR-IOV based additional network to allow pods to attach to a virtual function (VF) interface on SR-IOV capable hardware on the host system. 16.1.3. UserDefinedNetwork and NetworkAttachmentDefinition support matrix The UserDefinedNetwork and NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resources (CRs) provide cluster administrators and users the ability to create customizable network configurations and define their own network topologies, ensure network isolation, manage IP addressing for workloads, and configure advanced network features. A third CR, ClusterUserDefinedNetwork , is also available, which allows administrators the ability to create and define additional networks spanning multiple namespaces at the cluster level. User-defined networks and network attachment definitions can serve as both the primary and secondary network interface, and each support layer2 and layer3 topologies; a third network topology, Localnet, is also supported with network attachment definitions with secondary networks. Note As of OpenShift Container Platform 4.18, the Localnet topology is unavailable for use with the UserDefinedNetwork and ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CRs. It is only available for NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs that leverage secondary networks. The following section highlights the supported features of the UserDefinedNetwork and NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs when they are used as either the primary or secondary network. A separate table for the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR is also included. Table 16.1. Primary network support matrix for UserDefinedNetwork and NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs Network feature Layer2 topology Layer3 topology east-west traffic [✓] [✓] north-south traffic [✓] [✓] Persistent IPs [✓] X Services [✓] [✓] EgressIP resource [✓] [✓] Multicast [1] X [✓] NetworkPolicy resource [2] [✓] [✓] MultinetworkPolicy resource X X Multicast must be enabled in the namespace, and it is only available between OVN-Kubernetes network pods. For more information about multicast, see "Enabling multicast for a project". When creating a UserDefinedNetwork CR with a primary network type, network policies must be created after the UserDefinedNetwork CR. Table 16.2. Secondary network support matrix for UserDefinedNetwork and NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs Network feature Layer2 topology Layer3 topology Localnet topology [1] east-west traffic [✓] [✓] [✓] ( NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR only) north-south traffic X X [✓] Persistent IPs [✓] X [✓] ( NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR only) Services X X X EgressIP resource X X X Multicast X X X NetworkPolicy resource X X X MultinetworkPolicy resource [✓] [✓] [✓] ( NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR only) The Localnet topology is unavailable for use with the UserDefinedNetwork CR. It is only supported on secondary networks for NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs. Table 16.3. Support matrix for ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CRs Network feature Layer2 topology Layer3 topology east-west traffic [✓] [✓] north-south traffic [✓] [✓] Persistent IPs [✓] X Services [✓] [✓] EgressIP resource [✓] [✓] Multicast [1] X [✓] MultinetworkPolicy resource X X NetworkPolicy resource [2] [✓] [✓] Multicast must be enabled in the namespace, and it is only available between OVN-Kubernetes network pods. For more information, see "About multicast". When creating a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR with a primary network type, network policies must be created after the UserDefinedNetwork CR. Additional resources Enabling multicast for a project 16.2. Primary networks 16.2.1. About user-defined networks Before the implementation of user-defined networks (UDN), the OVN-Kubernetes CNI plugin for OpenShift Container Platform only supported a Layer 3 topology on the primary or main network. Due to Kubernetes design principles: all pods are attached to the main network, all pods communicate with each other by their IP addresses, and inter-pod traffic is restricted according to network policy. While the Kubernetes design is useful for simple deployments, this Layer 3 topology restricts customization of primary network segment configurations, especially for modern multi-tenant deployments. UDN improves the flexibility and segmentation capabilities of the default Layer 3 topology for a Kubernetes pod network by enabling custom Layer 2, Layer 3, and localnet network segments, where all these segments are isolated by default. These segments act as either primary or secondary networks for container pods and virtual machines that use the default OVN-Kubernetes CNI plugin. UDNs enable a wide range of network architectures and topologies, enhancing network flexibility, security, and performance. Note Nodes that use cgroupv1 Linux Control Groups (cgroup) must be reconfigured from cgroupv1 to cgroupv2 before creating a user-defined network. For more information, see Configuring Linux cgroup . A cluster administrator can use a UDN to create and define additional networks that span multiple namespaces at the cluster level by leveraging the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR). Additionally, a cluster administrator or a cluster user can use a UDN to define additional networks at the namespace level with the UserDefinedNetwork CR. The following sections further emphasize the benefits and limitations of user-defined networks, the best practices when creating a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork or UserDefinedNetwork CR, how to create the CR, and additional configuration details that might be relevant to your deployment. 16.2.1.1. Benefits of a user-defined network User-defined networks provide the following benefits: Enhanced network isolation for security Tenant isolation : Namespaces can have their own isolated primary network, similar to how tenants are isolated in Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP). This improves security by reducing the risk of cross-tenant traffic. Network flexibility Layer 2 and layer 3 support : Cluster administrators can configure primary networks as layer 2 or layer 3 network types. Simplified network management Reduced network configuration complexity : With user-defined networks, the need for complex network policies are eliminated because isolation can be achieved by grouping workloads in different networks. Advanced capabilities Consistent and selectable IP addressing : Users can specify and reuse IP subnets across different namespaces and clusters, providing a consistent networking environment. Support for multiple networks : The user-defined networking feature allows administrators to connect multiple namespaces to a single network, or to create distinct networks for different sets of namespaces. Simplification of application migration from Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) Network parity : With user-defined networking, the migration of applications from OpenStack to OpenShift Container Platform is simplified by providing similar network isolation and configuration options. Developers and administrators can create a user-defined network that is namespace scoped using the custom resource. An overview of the process is as follows: An administrator creates a namespace for a user-defined network with the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label. The UserDefinedNetwork CR is created by either the cluster administrator or the user. The user creates pods in the namespace. 16.2.1.2. Limitations of a user-defined network While user-defined networks (UDN) offer highly customizable network configuration options, there are limitations that cluster administrators and developers should be aware of when implementing and managing these networks. Consider the following limitations before implementing a UDN. DNS limitations : DNS lookups for pods resolve to the pod's IP address on the cluster default network. Even if a pod is part of a user-defined network, DNS lookups will not resolve to the pod's IP address on that user-defined network. However, DNS lookups for services and external entities will function as expected. When a pod is assigned to a primary UDN, it can access the Kubernetes API (KAPI) and DNS services on the cluster's default network. Initial network assignment : You must create the namespace and network before creating pods. Assigning a namespace with pods to a new network or creating a UDN in an existing namespace will not be accepted by OVN-Kubernetes. Health check limitations : Kubelet health checks are performed by the cluster default network, which does not confirm the network connectivity of the primary interface on the pod. Consequently, scenarios where a pod appears healthy by the default network, but has broken connectivity on the primary interface, are possible with user-defined networks. Network policy limitations : Network policies that enable traffic between namespaces connected to different user-defined primary networks are not effective. These traffic policies do not take effect because there is no connectivity between these isolated networks. 16.2.1.3. About the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR The ClusterUserDefinedNetwork (UDN) custom resource (CR) provides cluster-scoped network segmentation and isolation for administrators only. The following diagram demonstrates how a cluster administrator can use the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR to create network isolation between tenants. This network configuration allows a network to span across many namespaces. In the diagram, network isolation is achieved through the creation of two user-defined networks, udn-1 and udn-2 . These networks are not connected and the spec.namespaceSelector.matchLabels field is used to select different namespaces. For example, udn-1 configures and isolates communication for namespace-1 and namespace-2 , while udn-2 configures and isolates communication for namespace-3 and namespace-4 . Isolated tenants (Tenants 1 and Tenants 2) are created by separating namespaces while also allowing pods in the same namespace to communicate. Figure 16.1. Tenant isolation using a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR 16.2.1.3.1. Best practices for ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CRs Before setting up a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR), users should consider the following information: A ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR is intended for use by cluster administrators and should not be used by non-administrators. If used incorrectly, it might result in security issues with your deployment, cause disruptions, or break the cluster network. ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CRs should not select the default namespace. This can result in no isolation and, as a result, could introduce security risks to the cluster. ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CRs should not select openshift-* namespaces. OpenShift Container Platform administrators should be aware that all namespaces of a cluster are selected when one of the following conditions are met: The matchLabels selector is left empty. The matchExpressions selector is left empty. The namespaceSelector is initialized, but does not specify matchExpressions or matchLabel . For example: namespaceSelector: {} . For primary networks, the namespace used for the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR must include the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label. This label cannot be updated, and can only be added when the namespace is created. The following conditions apply with the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network namespace label: If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a pod is created, the pod attaches itself to the default network. If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a primary ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR is created that matches the namespace, an error is reported and the network is not created. If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a primary ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR already exists, a pod in the namespace is created and attached to the default network. If the namespace has the label, and a primary ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR does not exist, a pod in the namespace is not created until the ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR is created. 16.2.1.3.2. Creating a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR by using the CLI The following procedure creates a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR) by using the CLI. Based upon your use case, create your request using either the cluster-layer-two-udn.yaml example for a Layer2 topology type or the cluster-layer-three-udn.yaml example for a Layer3 topology type. Important The ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR is intended for use by cluster administrators and should not be used by non-administrators. If used incorrectly, it might result in security issues with your deployment, cause disruptions, or break the cluster network. OpenShift Virtualization only supports the Layer2 topology. Prerequisites You have logged in as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure Optional: For a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR that uses a primary network, create a namespace with the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label by entering the following command: USD cat << EOF | oc apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: <cudn_namespace_name> labels: k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network: "" EOF Create a request for either a Layer2 or Layer3 topology type cluster-wide user-defined network: Create a YAML file, such as cluster-layer-two-udn.yaml , to define your request for a Layer2 topology as in the following example: apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: <cudn_name> 1 spec: namespaceSelector: 2 matchLabels: 3 - "<example_namespace_one>":"" 4 - "<example_namespace_two>":"" 5 network: 6 topology: Layer2 7 layer2: 8 role: Primary 9 subnets: - "2001:db8::/64" - "10.100.0.0/16" 10 1 Name of your ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR. 2 A label query over the set of namespaces that the cluster UDN CR applies to. Uses the standard Kubernetes MatchLabel selector. Must not point to default or openshift-* namespaces. 3 Uses the matchLabels selector type, where terms are evaluated with an AND relationship. 4 5 Because the matchLabels selector type is used, provisions namespaces matching both <example_namespace_one> and <example_namespace_two> . 6 Describes the network configuration. 7 The topology field describes the network configuration; accepted values are Layer2 and Layer3 . Specifying a Layer2 topology type creates one logical switch that is shared by all nodes. 8 This field specifies the topology configuration. It can be layer2 or layer3 . 9 Specifies Primary or Secondary . Primary is the only role specification supported in 4.18. 10 For Layer2 topology types the following specifies config details for the subnet field: The subnets field is optional. The subnets field is of type string and accepts standard CIDR formats for both IPv4 and IPv6. The subnets field accepts one or two items. For two items, they must be of a different family. For example, subnets values of 10.100.0.0/16 and 2001:db8::/64 . Layer2 subnets can be omitted. If omitted, users must configure static IP addresses for the pods. As a consequence, port security only prevents MAC spoofing. For more information, see "Configuring pods with a static IP address". Create a YAML file, such as cluster-layer-three-udn.yaml , to define your request for a Layer3 topology as in the following example: apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: <cudn_name> 1 spec: namespaceSelector: 2 matchExpressions: 3 - key: kubernetes.io/metadata.name 4 operator: In 5 values: ["<example_namespace_one>", "<example_namespace_two>"] 6 network: 7 topology: Layer3 8 layer3: 9 role: Primary 10 subnets: 11 - cidr: 10.100.0.0/16 hostSubnet: 24 1 Name of your ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR. 2 A label query over the set of namespaces that the cluster UDN applies to. Uses the standard Kubernetes MatchLabel selector. Must not point to default or openshift-* namespaces. 3 Uses the matchExpressions selector type, where terms are evaluated with an OR relationship. 4 Specifies the label key to match. 5 Specifies the operator. Valid values include: In , NotIn , Exists , and DoesNotExist . 6 Because the matchExpressions type is used, provisions namespaces matching either <example_namespace_one> or <example_namespace_two> . 7 Describes the network configuration. 8 The topology field describes the network configuration; accepted values are Layer2 and Layer3 . Specifying a Layer3 topology type creates a layer 2 segment per node, each with a different subnet. Layer 3 routing is used to interconnect node subnets. 9 This field specifies the topology configuration. Valid values are layer2 or layer3 . 10 Specifies a Primary or Secondary role. Primary is the only role specification supported in 4.18. 11 For Layer3 topology types the following specifies config details for the subnet field: The subnets field is mandatory. The type for the subnets field is cidr and hostSubnet : cidr is the cluster subnet and accepts a string value. hostSubnet specifies the nodes subnet prefix that the cluster subnet is split to. For IPv6, only a /64 length is supported for hostSubnet . Apply your request by running the following command: USD oc create --validate=true -f <example_cluster_udn>.yaml Where <example_cluster_udn>.yaml is the name of your Layer2 or Layer3 configuration file. Verify that your request is successful by running the following command: USD oc get clusteruserdefinednetwork <cudn_name> -o yaml Where <cudn_name> is the name you created of your cluster-wide user-defined network. Example output apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: creationTimestamp: "2024-12-05T15:53:00Z" finalizers: - k8s.ovn.org/user-defined-network-protection generation: 1 name: my-cudn resourceVersion: "47985" uid: 16ee0fcf-74d1-4826-a6b7-25c737c1a634 spec: namespaceSelector: matchExpressions: - key: custom.network.selector operator: In values: - example-namespace-1 - example-namespace-2 - example-namespace-3 network: layer3: role: Primary subnets: - cidr: 10.100.0.0/16 topology: Layer3 status: conditions: - lastTransitionTime: "2024-11-19T16:46:34Z" message: 'NetworkAttachmentDefinition has been created in following namespaces: [example-namespace-1, example-namespace-2, example-namespace-3]' reason: NetworkAttachmentDefinitionReady status: "True" type: NetworkCreated 16.2.1.3.3. Creating a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork CR by using the web console You can create a ClusterUserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR) in the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Prerequisites You have access to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin permissions. You have created a namespace and applied the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label. Procedure From the Administrator perspective, click Networking UserDefinedNetworks . Click ClusterUserDefinedNetwork . In the Name field, specify a name for the cluster-scoped UDN. Specify a value in the Subnet field. In the Project(s) Match Labels field, add the appropriate labels to select namespaces that the cluster UDN applies to. Click Create . The cluster-scoped UDN serves as the default primary network for pods located in namespaces that contain the labels that you specified in step 5. Additional resources Configuring pods with a static IP address 16.2.1.4. About the UserDefinedNetwork CR The UserDefinedNetwork (UDN) custom resource (CR) provides advanced network segmentation and isolation for users and administrators. The following diagram shows four cluster namespaces, where each namespace has a single assigned user-defined network (UDN), and each UDN has an assigned custom subnet for its pod IP allocations. The OVN-Kubernetes handles any overlapping UDN subnets. Without using the Kubernetes network policy, a pod attached to a UDN can communicate with other pods in that UDN. By default, these pods are isolated from communicating with pods that exist in other UDNs. For microsegmentation, you can apply network policy within a UDN. You can assign one or more UDNs to a namespace, with a limitation of only one primary UDN to a namespace, and one or more namespaces to a UDN. Figure 16.2. Namespace isolation using a UserDefinedNetwork CR 16.2.1.4.1. Best practices for UserDefinedNetwork CRs Before setting up a UserDefinedNetwork custom resource (CR), you should consider the following information: openshift-* namespaces should not be used to set up a UserDefinedNetwork CR. UserDefinedNetwork CRs should not be created in the default namespace. This can result in no isolation and, as a result, could introduce security risks to the cluster. For primary networks, the namespace used for the UserDefinedNetwork CR must include the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label. This label cannot be updated, and can only be added when the namespace is created. The following conditions apply with the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network namespace label: If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a pod is created, the pod attaches itself to the default network. If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a primary UserDefinedNetwork CR is created that matches the namespace, a status error is reported and the network is not created. If the namespace is missing the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label and a primary UserDefinedNetwork CR already exists, a pod in the namespace is created and attached to the default network. If the namespace has the label, and a primary UserDefinedNetwork CR does not exist, a pod in the namespace is not created until the UserDefinedNetwork CR is created. 2 masquerade IP addresses are required for user defined networks. You must reconfigure your masquerade subnet to be large enough to hold the required number of networks. Important For OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 and later, clusters use 169.254.0.0/17 for IPv4 and fd69::/112 for IPv6 as the default masquerade subnet. These ranges should be avoided by users. For updated clusters, there is no change to the default masquerade subnet. Changing the cluster's masquerade subnet is unsupported after a user-defined network has been configured for a project. Attempting to modify the masquerade subnet after a UserDefinedNetwork CR has been set up can disrupt the network connectivity and cause configuration issues. Ensure tenants are using the UserDefinedNetwork resource and not the NetworkAttachmentDefinition (NAD) CR. This can create security risks between tenants. When creating network segmentation, you should only use the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR if user-defined network segmentation cannot be completed using the UserDefinedNetwork CR. The cluster subnet and services CIDR for a UserDefinedNetwork CR cannot overlap with the default cluster subnet CIDR. OVN-Kubernetes network plugin uses 100.64.0.0/16 as the default join subnet for the network. You must not use that value to configure a UserDefinedNetwork CR's joinSubnets field. If the default address values are used anywhere in the network for the cluster you must override the default values by setting the joinSubnets field. For more information, see "Additional configuration details for user-defined networks". A layer 2 topology creates a virtual switch that is distributed across all nodes in a cluster. Virtual machines and pods connect to this virtual switch so that all these components can communicate with each other within the same subnet. If you decide not to specify a layer 2 subnet, then you must manually configure IP addresses for each pod in your cluster. When not specifying a layer 2 subnet, port security is limited to preventing Media Access Control (MAC) spoofing only, and does not include IP spoofing. A layer 2 topology creates a single broadcast domain that can be challenging in large network environments, whereby the topology might cause a broadcast storm that can degrade network performance. A layer 3 topology creates a unique layer 2 segment for each node in a cluster. The layer 3 routing mechanism interconnects these segments so that virtual machines and pods that are hosted on different nodes can communicate with each other. A layer 3 topology can effectively manage large broadcast domains by assigning each domain to a specific node, so that broadcast traffic has a reduced scope. To configure a layer 3 topology, you must configure cidr and hostSubnet parameters. 16.2.1.4.2. Creating a UserDefinedNetwork CR by using the CLI The following procedure creates a UserDefinedNetwork CR that is namespace scoped. Based upon your use case, create your request by using either the my-layer-two-udn.yaml example for a Layer2 topology type or the my-layer-three-udn.yaml example for a Layer3 topology type. Procedure Optional: For a UserDefinedNetwork CR that uses a primary network, create a namespace with the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label by entering the following command: USD cat << EOF | oc apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: <udn_namespace_name> labels: k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network: "" EOF Create a request for either a Layer2 or Layer3 topology type user-defined network: Create a YAML file, such as my-layer-two-udn.yaml , to define your request for a Layer2 topology as in the following example: apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: udn-1 1 namespace: <some_custom_namespace> spec: topology: Layer2 2 layer2: 3 role: Primary 4 subnets: - "10.0.0.0/24" - "2001:db8::/60" 5 1 Name of your UserDefinedNetwork resource. This should not be default or duplicate any global namespaces created by the Cluster Network Operator (CNO). 2 The topology field describes the network configuration; accepted values are Layer2 and Layer3 . Specifying a Layer2 topology type creates one logical switch that is shared by all nodes. 3 This field specifies the topology configuration. It can be layer2 or layer3 . 4 Specifies a Primary or Secondary role. 5 For Layer2 topology types the following specifies config details for the subnet field: The subnets field is optional. The subnets field is of type string and accepts standard CIDR formats for both IPv4 and IPv6. The subnets field accepts one or two items. For two items, they must be of a different family. For example, subnets values of 10.100.0.0/16 and 2001:db8::/64 . Layer2 subnets can be omitted. If omitted, users must configure IP addresses for the pods. As a consequence, port security only prevents MAC spoofing. The Layer2 subnets field is mandatory when the ipamLifecycle field is specified. Create a YAML file, such as my-layer-three-udn.yaml , to define your request for a Layer3 topology as in the following example: apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: udn-2-primary 1 namespace: <some_custom_namespace> spec: topology: Layer3 2 layer3: 3 role: Primary 4 subnets: 5 - cidr: 10.150.0.0/16 hostSubnet: 24 - cidr: 2001:db8::/60 hostSubnet: 64 # ... 1 Name of your UserDefinedNetwork resource. This should not be default or duplicate any global namespaces created by the Cluster Network Operator (CNO). 2 The topology field describes the network configuration; accepted values are Layer2 and Layer3 . Specifying a Layer3 topology type creates a layer 2 segment per node, each with a different subnet. Layer 3 routing is used to interconnect node subnets. 3 This field specifies the topology configuration. Valid values are layer2 or layer3 . 4 Specifies a Primary or Secondary role. 5 For Layer3 topology types the following specifies config details for the subnet field: The subnets field is mandatory. The type for the subnets field is cidr and hostSubnet : cidr is equivalent to the clusterNetwork configuration settings of a cluster. The IP addresses in the CIDR are distributed to pods in the user defined network. This parameter accepts a string value. hostSubnet defines the per-node subnet prefix. For IPv6, only a /64 length is supported for hostSubnet . Apply your request by running the following command: USD oc apply -f <my_layer_two_udn>.yaml Where <my_layer_two_udn>.yaml is the name of your Layer2 or Layer3 configuration file. Verify that your request is successful by running the following command: USD oc get userdefinednetworks udn-1 -n <some_custom_namespace> -o yaml Where some_custom_namespace is the namespace you created for your user-defined network. Example output apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: creationTimestamp: "2024-08-28T17:18:47Z" finalizers: - k8s.ovn.org/user-defined-network-protection generation: 1 name: udn-1 namespace: some-custom-namespace resourceVersion: "53313" uid: f483626d-6846-48a1-b88e-6bbeb8bcde8c spec: layer2: role: Primary subnets: - 10.0.0.0/24 - 2001:db8::/60 topology: Layer2 status: conditions: - lastTransitionTime: "2024-08-28T17:18:47Z" message: NetworkAttachmentDefinition has been created reason: NetworkAttachmentDefinitionReady status: "True" type: NetworkCreated 16.2.1.4.3. Creating a UserDefinedNetwork CR by using the web console You can create a UserDefinedNetwork custom resource by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Prerequisites You have access to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin permissions. You have created a namespace and applied the k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network label. Procedure From the Administrator perspective, click Networking UserDefinedNetworks . Click Create UserDefinedNetwork . From the Project name list, select the namespace that you previously created. Specify a value in the Subnet field. Click Create . The user-defined network serves as the default primary network for pods that you create in this namespace. 16.2.1.5. Additional configuration details for user-defined networks The following table explains additional configurations for ClusterUserDefinedNetwork and UserDefinedNetwork custom resources (CRs) that are optional. It is not recommended to set these fields without explicit need and understanding of OVN-Kubernetes network topology. Table 16.4. UserDefinedNetworks optional configurations Field Type Description spec.joinSubnets object When omitted, the platform sets default values for the joinSubnets field of 100.65.0.0/16 for IPv4 and fd99::/64 for IPv6. If the default address values are used anywhere in the cluster's network you must override it by setting the joinSubnets field. If you choose to set this field, ensure it does not conflict with other subnets in the cluster such as the cluster subnet, the default network cluster subnet, and the masquerade subnet. The joinSubnets field configures the routing between different segments within a user-defined network. Dual-stack clusters can set 2 subnets, one for each IP family; otherwise, only 1 subnet is allowed. This field is only allowed for the Primary network. spec.ipam.lifecycle object The spec.ipam.lifecycle field configures the IP address management system (IPAM). You might use this field for virtual workloads to ensure persistent IP addresses. The only allowed value is Persistent , which ensures that your virtual workloads have persistent IP addresses across reboots and migration. These are assigned by the container network interface (CNI) and used by OVN-Kubernetes to program pod IP addresses. You must not change this for pod annotations. Setting a value of Persistent is only supported when spec.ipam.mode is set to Enabled . spec.ipam.mode object The spec.ipam.mode field controls how much of the IP configuration is managed by OVN-Kubernetes. The following options are available: Enabled: When enabled, OVN-Kubernetes applies the IP configuration to the SDN infrastructure and assigns IP addresses from the selected subnet to the individual pods. This is the default setting. When set to Enabled , the subnets field must be defined. Enabled is the default configuration. Disabled: When disabled, OVN-Kubernetes only assigns MAC addresses and provides layer 2 communication, which allows users to configure IP addresses. Disabled is only available for layer 2 (secondary) networks. By disabling IPAM, features that rely on selecting pods by IP, for example, network policy, services, and so on, no longer function. Additionally, IP port security is also disabled for interfaces attached to this network. The subnets field must be empty when spec.ipam.mode is set to Disabled. spec.layer2.mtu and spec.layer3.mtu integer The maximum transmission units (MTU). The default value is 1400 . The boundary for IPv4 is 576 , and for IPv6 it is 1280 . 16.2.1.6. User-defined network status condition types The following tables explain the status condition types returned for ClusterUserDefinedNetwork and UserDefinedNetwork CRs when describing the resource. These conditions can be used to troubleshoot your deployment. Table 16.5. NetworkCreated condition types (ClusterDefinedNetwork and UserDefinedNetwork CRs) Condition type Status Reason and Message NetworkCreated True When True , the following reason and message is returned: Reason Message NetworkAttachmentDefinitionCreated 'NetworkAttachmentDefinition has been created in following namespaces: [example-namespace-1, example-namespace-2, example-namespace-3]'` NetworkCreated False When False , one of the following messages is returned: Reason Message SyncError failed to generate NetworkAttachmentDefinition SyncError failed to update NetworkAttachmentDefinition SyncError primary network already exist in namespace "<namespace_name>": "<primary_network_name>" SyncError failed to create NetworkAttachmentDefinition: create NAD error SyncError foreign NetworkAttachmentDefinition with the desired name already exist SyncError failed to add finalizer to UserDefinedNetwork NetworkAttachmentDefinitionDeleted NetworkAttachmentDefinition is being deleted: [<namespace>/<nad_name>] Table 16.6. NetworkAllocationSucceeded condition types (UserDefinedNetwork CRs) Condition type Status Reason and Message NetworkAllocationSucceeded True When True , the following reason and message is returned: Reason Message NetworkAllocationSucceeded Network allocation succeeded for all synced nodes. NetworkAllocationSucceeded False When False , the following message is returned: Reason Message InternalError Network allocation failed for at least one node: [<node_name>], check UDN events for more info. 16.2.1.7. Opening default network ports on user-defined network pods By default, pods on a user-defined network (UDN) are isolated from the default network. This means that default network pods, such as those running monitoring services (Prometheus or Alertmanager) or the OpenShift Container Platform image registry, cannot initiate connections to UDN pods. To allow default network pods to connect to a user-defined network pod, you can use the k8s.ovn.org/open-default-ports annotation. This annotation opens specific ports on the user-defined network pod for access from the default network. The following pod specification allows incoming TCP connections on port 80 and UDP traffic on port 53 from the default network: apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.ovn.org/open-default-ports: | - protocol: tcp port: 80 - protocol: udp port: 53 # ... Note Open ports are accessible on the pod's default network IP, not its UDN network IP. 16.2.2. Creating primary networks using a NetworkAttachmentDefinition The following sections explain how to create and manage additional primary networks using the NetworkAttachmentDefinition (NAD) resource. 16.2.2.1. Approaches to managing an additional network You can manage the life cycle of an additional network created by NAD with one of the following two approaches: By modifying the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration. With this method, the CNO automatically creates and manages the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object. In addition to managing the object lifecycle, the CNO ensures that a DHCP is available for an additional network that uses a DHCP assigned IP address. By applying a YAML manifest. With this method, you can manage the additional network directly by creating an NetworkAttachmentDefinition object. This approach allows for the invocation of multiple CNI plugins in order to attach additional network interfaces in a pod. Each approach is mutually exclusive and you can only use one approach for managing an additional network at a time. For either approach, the additional network is managed by a Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin that you configure. Note When deploying OpenShift Container Platform nodes with multiple network interfaces on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) with OVN SDN, DNS configuration of the secondary interface might take precedence over the DNS configuration of the primary interface. In this case, remove the DNS nameservers for the subnet ID that is attached to the secondary interface by running the following command: USD openstack subnet set --dns-nameserver 0.0.0.0 <subnet_id> 16.2.2.2. Creating an additional network attachment with the Cluster Network Operator The Cluster Network Operator (CNO) manages additional network definitions. When you specify an additional network to create, the CNO creates the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD automatically. Important Do not edit the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs that the Cluster Network Operator manages. Doing so might disrupt network traffic on your additional network. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure Optional: Create the namespace for the additional networks: USD oc create namespace <namespace_name> To edit the CNO configuration, enter the following command: USD oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster Modify the CR that you are creating by adding the configuration for the additional network that you are creating, as in the following example CR. apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: # ... additionalNetworks: - name: tertiary-net namespace: namespace2 type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "tertiary-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "eth1", "mode": "l2", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "192.168.1.23/24" } ] } } Save your changes and quit the text editor to commit your changes. Verification Confirm that the CNO created the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD by running the following command. There might be a delay before the CNO creates the CRD. USD oc get network-attachment-definitions -n <namespace> where: <namespace> Specifies the namespace for the network attachment that you added to the CNO configuration. Example output NAME AGE test-network-1 14m 16.2.2.2.1. Configuration for an additional network attachment An additional network is configured by using the NetworkAttachmentDefinition API in the k8s.cni.cncf.io API group. The configuration for the API is described in the following table: Table 16.7. NetworkAttachmentDefinition API fields Field Type Description metadata.name string The name for the additional network. metadata.namespace string The namespace that the object is associated with. spec.config string The CNI plugin configuration in JSON format. 16.2.2.3. Creating an additional network attachment by applying a YAML manifest Prerequisites You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have logged in as a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace where the NAD is to be deployed. Procedure Create a YAML file with your additional network configuration, such as in the following example: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: -net spec: config: |- { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "work-network", "namespace": "namespace2", 1 "type": "host-device", "device": "eth1", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } 1 Optional: You can specify a namespace to which the NAD is applied. If you are working in the namespace where the NAD is to be deployed, this spec is not necessary. To create the additional network, enter the following command: USD oc apply -f <file>.yaml where: <file> Specifies the name of the file contained the YAML manifest. 16.3. Secondary networks 16.3.1. Creating secondary networks on OVN-Kubernetes As a cluster administrator, you can configure an additional secondary network for your cluster using the NetworkAttachmentDefinition (NAD) resource. Note Support for user-defined networks as a secondary network will be added in a future version of OpenShift Container Platform. 16.3.1.1. Configuration for an OVN-Kubernetes additional network The Red Hat OpenShift Networking OVN-Kubernetes network plugin allows the configuration of secondary network interfaces for pods. To configure secondary network interfaces, you must define the configurations in the NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource definition (CRD). Note Pod and multi-network policy creation might remain in a pending state until the OVN-Kubernetes control plane agent in the nodes processes the associated network-attachment-definition CRD. You can configure an OVN-Kubernetes additional network in either layer 2 or localnet topologies. A layer 2 topology supports east-west cluster traffic, but does not allow access to the underlying physical network. A localnet topology allows connections to the physical network, but requires additional configuration of the underlying Open vSwitch (OVS) bridge on cluster nodes. The following sections provide example configurations for each of the topologies that OVN-Kubernetes currently allows for secondary networks. Note Networks names must be unique. For example, creating multiple NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs with different configurations that reference the same network is unsupported. 16.3.1.1.1. Supported platforms for OVN-Kubernetes additional network You can use an OVN-Kubernetes additional network with the following supported platforms: Bare metal IBM Power(R) IBM Z(R) IBM(R) LinuxONE VMware vSphere Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) 16.3.1.1.2. OVN-Kubernetes network plugin JSON configuration table The following table describes the configuration parameters for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI network plugin: Table 16.8. OVN-Kubernetes network plugin JSON configuration table Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The required value is 0.3.1 . name string The name of the network. These networks are not namespaced. For example, you can have a network named l2-network referenced from two different NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs that exist on two different namespaces. This ensures that pods making use of the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD on their own different namespaces can communicate over the same secondary network. However, those two different NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs must also share the same network specific parameters such as topology , subnets , mtu , and excludeSubnets . type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure. This value must be set to ovn-k8s-cni-overlay . topology string The topological configuration for the network. Must be one of layer2 or localnet . subnets string The subnet to use for the network across the cluster. For "topology":"layer2" deployments, IPv6 ( 2001:DBB::/64 ) and dual-stack ( 192.168.100.0/24,2001:DBB::/64 ) subnets are supported. When omitted, the logical switch implementing the network only provides layer 2 communication, and users must configure IP addresses for the pods. Port security only prevents MAC spoofing. mtu string The maximum transmission unit (MTU). The default value, 1300 , is automatically set by the kernel. netAttachDefName string The metadata namespace and name of the network attachment definition CRD where this configuration is included. For example, if this configuration is defined in a NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD in namespace ns1 named l2-network , this should be set to ns1/l2-network . excludeSubnets string A comma-separated list of CIDRs and IP addresses. IP addresses are removed from the assignable IP address pool and are never passed to the pods. vlanID integer If topology is set to localnet , the specified VLAN tag is assigned to traffic from this additional network. The default is to not assign a VLAN tag. 16.3.1.1.3. Compatibility with multi-network policy The multi-network policy API, which is provided by the MultiNetworkPolicy custom resource definition (CRD) in the k8s.cni.cncf.io API group, is compatible with an OVN-Kubernetes secondary network. When defining a network policy, the network policy rules that can be used depend on whether the OVN-Kubernetes secondary network defines the subnets field. Refer to the following table for details: Table 16.9. Supported multi-network policy selectors based on subnets CNI configuration subnets field specified Allowed multi-network policy selectors Yes podSelector and namespaceSelector ipBlock No ipBlock For example, the following multi-network policy is valid only if the subnets field is defined in the additional network CNI configuration for the additional network named blue2 : Example multi-network policy that uses a pod selector apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-same-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: blue2 spec: podSelector: ingress: - from: - podSelector: {} The following example uses the ipBlock network policy selector, which is always valid for an OVN-Kubernetes additional network: Example multi-network policy that uses an IP block selector apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: ingress-ipblock annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: default/flatl2net spec: podSelector: matchLabels: name: access-control policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - ipBlock: cidr: 10.200.0.0/30 16.3.1.1.4. Configuration for a localnet switched topology The switched localnet topology interconnects the workloads created as Network Attachment Definitions (NADs) through a cluster-wide logical switch to a physical network. You must map an additional network to the OVN bridge to use it as an OVN-Kubernetes additional network. Bridge mappings allow network traffic to reach the physical network. A bridge mapping associates a physical network name, also known as an interface label, to a bridge created with Open vSwitch (OVS). You can create an NodeNetworkConfigurationPolicy object, part of the nmstate.io/v1 API group, to declaratively create the mapping. This API is provided by the NMState Operator. By using this API you can apply the bridge mapping to nodes that match your specified nodeSelector expression, such as node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: '' . When attaching an additional network, you can either use the existing br-ex bridge or create a new bridge. Which approach to use depends on your specific network infrastructure. If your nodes include only a single network interface, you must use the existing bridge. This network interface is owned and managed by OVN-Kubernetes and you must not remove it from the br-ex bridge or alter the interface configuration. If you remove or alter the network interface, your cluster network will stop working correctly. If your nodes include several network interfaces, you can attach a different network interface to a new bridge, and use that for your additional network. This approach provides for traffic isolation from your primary cluster network. The localnet1 network is mapped to the br-ex bridge in the following example: Example mapping for sharing a bridge apiVersion: nmstate.io/v1 kind: NodeNetworkConfigurationPolicy metadata: name: mapping 1 spec: nodeSelector: node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: '' 2 desiredState: ovn: bridge-mappings: - localnet: localnet1 3 bridge: br-ex 4 state: present 5 1 The name for the configuration object. 2 A node selector that specifies the nodes to apply the node network configuration policy to. 3 The name for the additional network from which traffic is forwarded to the OVS bridge. This additional network must match the name of the spec.config.name field of the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD that defines the OVN-Kubernetes additional network. 4 The name of the OVS bridge on the node. This value is required only if you specify state: present . 5 The state for the mapping. Must be either present to add the bridge or absent to remove the bridge. The default value is present . In the following example, the localnet2 network interface is attached to the ovs-br1 bridge. Through this attachment, the network interface is available to the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin as an additional network. Example mapping for nodes with multiple interfaces apiVersion: nmstate.io/v1 kind: NodeNetworkConfigurationPolicy metadata: name: ovs-br1-multiple-networks 1 spec: nodeSelector: node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: '' 2 desiredState: interfaces: - name: ovs-br1 3 description: |- A dedicated OVS bridge with eth1 as a port allowing all VLANs and untagged traffic type: ovs-bridge state: up bridge: allow-extra-patch-ports: true options: stp: false port: - name: eth1 4 ovn: bridge-mappings: - localnet: localnet2 5 bridge: ovs-br1 6 state: present 7 1 The name for the configuration object. 2 A node selector that specifies the nodes to apply the node network configuration policy to. 3 A new OVS bridge, separate from the default bridge used by OVN-Kubernetes for all cluster traffic. 4 A network device on the host system to associate with this new OVS bridge. 5 The name for the additional network from which traffic is forwarded to the OVS bridge. This additional network must match the name of the spec.config.name field of the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD that defines the OVN-Kubernetes additional network. 6 The name of the OVS bridge on the node. This value is required only if you specify state: present . 7 The state for the mapping. Must be either present to add the bridge or absent to remove the bridge. The default value is present . This declarative approach is recommended because the NMState Operator applies additional network configuration to all nodes specified by the node selector automatically and transparently. The following JSON example configures a localnet secondary network: { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ns1-localnet-network", "type": "ovn-k8s-cni-overlay", "topology":"localnet", "subnets": "202.10.130.112/28", "vlanID": 33, "mtu": 1500, "netAttachDefName": "ns1/localnet-network" "excludeSubnets": "10.100.200.0/29" } 16.3.1.1.4.1. Configuration for a layer 2 switched topology The switched (layer 2) topology networks interconnect the workloads through a cluster-wide logical switch. This configuration can be used for IPv6 and dual-stack deployments. Note Layer 2 switched topology networks only allow for the transfer of data packets between pods within a cluster. The following JSON example configures a switched secondary network: { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "l2-network", "type": "ovn-k8s-cni-overlay", "topology":"layer2", "subnets": "10.100.200.0/24", "mtu": 1300, "netAttachDefName": "ns1/l2-network", "excludeSubnets": "10.100.200.0/29" } 16.3.1.1.5. Configuring pods for additional networks You must specify the secondary network attachments through the k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks annotation. The following example provisions a pod with two secondary attachments, one for each of the attachment configurations presented in this guide. apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: l2-network name: tinypod namespace: ns1 spec: containers: - args: - pause image: k8s.gcr.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.36 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: agnhost-container 16.3.1.1.6. Configuring pods with a static IP address The following example provisions a pod with a static IP address. Note You can specify the IP address for the secondary network attachment of a pod only when the additional network attachment, a namespaced-scoped object, uses a layer 2 or localnet topology. Specifying a static IP address for the pod is only possible when the attachment configuration does not feature subnets. apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "l2-network", 1 "mac": "02:03:04:05:06:07", 2 "interface": "myiface1", 3 "ips": [ "192.0.2.20/24" ] 4 } ]' name: tinypod namespace: ns1 spec: containers: - args: - pause image: k8s.gcr.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.36 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: agnhost-container 1 The name of the network. This value must be unique across all NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs. 2 The MAC address to be assigned for the interface. 3 The name of the network interface to be created for the pod. 4 The IP addresses to be assigned to the network interface. 16.3.2. Creating secondary networks with other CNI plugins The specific configuration fields for additional networks are described in the following sections. 16.3.2.1. Configuration for a bridge additional network The following object describes the configuration parameters for the Bridge CNI plugin: Table 16.10. Bridge CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: bridge . ipam object The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition. bridge string Optional: Specify the name of the virtual bridge to use. If the bridge interface does not exist on the host, it is created. The default value is cni0 . ipMasq boolean Optional: Set to true to enable IP masquerading for traffic that leaves the virtual network. The source IP address for all traffic is rewritten to the bridge's IP address. If the bridge does not have an IP address, this setting has no effect. The default value is false . isGateway boolean Optional: Set to true to assign an IP address to the bridge. The default value is false . isDefaultGateway boolean Optional: Set to true to configure the bridge as the default gateway for the virtual network. The default value is false . If isDefaultGateway is set to true , then isGateway is also set to true automatically. forceAddress boolean Optional: Set to true to allow assignment of a previously assigned IP address to the virtual bridge. When set to false , if an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address from overlapping subsets is assigned to the virtual bridge, an error occurs. The default value is false . hairpinMode boolean Optional: Set to true to allow the virtual bridge to send an Ethernet frame back through the virtual port it was received on. This mode is also known as reflective relay . The default value is false . promiscMode boolean Optional: Set to true to enable promiscuous mode on the bridge. The default value is false . vlan string Optional: Specify a virtual LAN (VLAN) tag as an integer value. By default, no VLAN tag is assigned. preserveDefaultVlan string Optional: Indicates whether the default vlan must be preserved on the veth end connected to the bridge. Defaults to true. vlanTrunk list Optional: Assign a VLAN trunk tag. The default value is none . mtu integer Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel. enabledad boolean Optional: Enables duplicate address detection for the container side veth . The default value is false . macspoofchk boolean Optional: Enables mac spoof check, limiting the traffic originating from the container to the mac address of the interface. The default value is false . Note The VLAN parameter configures the VLAN tag on the host end of the veth and also enables the vlan_filtering feature on the bridge interface. Note To configure an uplink for an L2 network, you must allow the VLAN on the uplink interface by using the following command: USD bridge vlan add vid VLAN_ID dev DEV 16.3.2.1.1. Bridge CNI plugin configuration example The following example configures an additional network named bridge-net : { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "bridge-net", "type": "bridge", "isGateway": true, "vlan": 2, "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } 16.3.2.2. Configuration for a host device additional network Note Specify your network device by setting only one of the following parameters: device , hwaddr , kernelpath , or pciBusID . The following object describes the configuration parameters for the host-device CNI plugin: Table 16.11. Host device CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: host-device . device string Optional: The name of the device, such as eth0 . hwaddr string Optional: The device hardware MAC address. kernelpath string Optional: The Linux kernel device path, such as /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.6 . pciBusID string Optional: The PCI address of the network device, such as 0000:00:1f.6 . 16.3.2.2.1. host-device configuration example The following example configures an additional network named hostdev-net : { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "hostdev-net", "type": "host-device", "device": "eth1" } 16.3.2.3. Configuration for a VLAN additional network The following object describes the configuration parameters for the VLAN, vlan , CNI plugin: Table 16.12. VLAN CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: vlan . master string The Ethernet interface to associate with the network attachment. If a master is not specified, the interface for the default network route is used. vlanId integer Set the ID of the vlan . ipam object The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition. mtu integer Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel. dns integer Optional: DNS information to return. For example, a priority-ordered list of DNS nameservers. linkInContainer boolean Optional: Specifies whether the master interface is in the container network namespace or the main network namespace. Set the value to true to request the use of a container namespace master interface. Important A NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource definition (CRD) with a vlan configuration can be used only on a single pod in a node because the CNI plugin cannot create multiple vlan subinterfaces with the same vlanId on the same master interface. 16.3.2.3.1. VLAN configuration example The following example demonstrates a vlan configuration with an additional network that is named vlan-net : { "name": "vlan-net", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "vlan", "master": "eth0", "mtu": 1500, "vlanId": 5, "linkInContainer": false, "ipam": { "type": "host-local", "subnet": "10.1.1.0/24" }, "dns": { "nameservers": [ "10.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8" ] } } 16.3.2.4. Configuration for an IPVLAN additional network The following object describes the configuration parameters for the IPVLAN, ipvlan , CNI plugin: Table 16.13. IPVLAN CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: ipvlan . ipam object The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition. This is required unless the plugin is chained. mode string Optional: The operating mode for the virtual network. The value must be l2 , l3 , or l3s . The default value is l2 . master string Optional: The Ethernet interface to associate with the network attachment. If a master is not specified, the interface for the default network route is used. mtu integer Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel. linkInContainer boolean Optional: Specifies whether the master interface is in the container network namespace or the main network namespace. Set the value to true to request the use of a container namespace master interface. Important The ipvlan object does not allow virtual interfaces to communicate with the master interface. Therefore the container is not able to reach the host by using the ipvlan interface. Be sure that the container joins a network that provides connectivity to the host, such as a network supporting the Precision Time Protocol ( PTP ). A single master interface cannot simultaneously be configured to use both macvlan and ipvlan . For IP allocation schemes that cannot be interface agnostic, the ipvlan plugin can be chained with an earlier plugin that handles this logic. If the master is omitted, then the result must contain a single interface name for the ipvlan plugin to enslave. If ipam is omitted, then the result is used to configure the ipvlan interface. 16.3.2.4.1. IPVLAN CNI plugin configuration example The following example configures an additional network named ipvlan-net : { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ipvlan-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "eth1", "linkInContainer": false, "mode": "l3", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "192.168.10.10/24" } ] } } 16.3.2.5. Configuration for a MACVLAN additional network The following object describes the configuration parameters for the MAC Virtual LAN (MACVLAN) Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin: Table 16.14. MACVLAN CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: macvlan . ipam object The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition. mode string Optional: Configures traffic visibility on the virtual network. Must be either bridge , passthru , private , or vepa . If a value is not provided, the default value is bridge . master string Optional: The host network interface to associate with the newly created macvlan interface. If a value is not specified, then the default route interface is used. mtu integer Optional: The maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel. linkInContainer boolean Optional: Specifies whether the master interface is in the container network namespace or the main network namespace. Set the value to true to request the use of a container namespace master interface. Note If you specify the master key for the plugin configuration, use a different physical network interface than the one that is associated with your primary network plugin to avoid possible conflicts. 16.3.2.5.1. MACVLAN CNI plugin configuration example The following example configures an additional network named macvlan-net : { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "macvlan-net", "type": "macvlan", "master": "eth1", "linkInContainer": false, "mode": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } 16.3.2.6. Configuration for a TAP additional network The following object describes the configuration parameters for the TAP CNI plugin: Table 16.15. TAP CNI plugin JSON configuration object Field Type Description cniVersion string The CNI specification version. The 0.3.1 value is required. name string The value for the name parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration. type string The name of the CNI plugin to configure: tap . mac string Optional: Request the specified MAC address for the interface. mtu integer Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel. selinuxcontext string Optional: The SELinux context to associate with the tap device. Note The value system_u:system_r:container_t:s0 is required for OpenShift Container Platform. multiQueue boolean Optional: Set to true to enable multi-queue. owner integer Optional: The user owning the tap device. group integer Optional: The group owning the tap device. bridge string Optional: Set the tap device as a port of an already existing bridge. 16.3.2.6.1. Tap configuration example The following example configures an additional network named mynet : { "name": "mynet", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "tap", "mac": "00:11:22:33:44:55", "mtu": 1500, "selinuxcontext": "system_u:system_r:container_t:s0", "multiQueue": true, "owner": 0, "group": 0 "bridge": "br1" } 16.3.2.6.2. Setting SELinux boolean for the TAP CNI plugin To create the tap device with the container_t SELinux context, enable the container_use_devices boolean on the host by using the Machine Config Operator (MCO). Prerequisites You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Create a new YAML file named, such as setsebool-container-use-devices.yaml , with the following details: apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: MachineConfig metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 99-worker-setsebool spec: config: ignition: version: 3.2.0 systemd: units: - enabled: true name: setsebool.service contents: | [Unit] Description=Set SELinux boolean for the TAP CNI plugin Before=kubelet.service [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/usr/sbin/setsebool container_use_devices=on RemainAfterExit=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target graphical.target Create the new MachineConfig object by running the following command: USD oc apply -f setsebool-container-use-devices.yaml Note Applying any changes to the MachineConfig object causes all affected nodes to gracefully reboot after the change is applied. This update can take some time to be applied. Verify the change is applied by running the following command: USD oc get machineconfigpools Expected output NAME CONFIG UPDATED UPDATING DEGRADED MACHINECOUNT READYMACHINECOUNT UPDATEDMACHINECOUNT DEGRADEDMACHINECOUNT AGE master rendered-master-e5e0c8e8be9194e7c5a882e047379cfa True False False 3 3 3 0 7d2h worker rendered-worker-d6c9ca107fba6cd76cdcbfcedcafa0f2 True False False 3 3 3 0 7d Note All nodes should be in the updated and ready state. Additional resources For more information about enabling an SELinux boolean on a node, see Setting SELinux booleans . 16.3.3. Attaching a pod to an additional network As a cluster user you can attach a pod to an additional network. 16.3.3.1. Adding a pod to an additional network You can add a pod to an additional network. The pod continues to send normal cluster-related network traffic over the default network. When a pod is created additional networks are attached to it. However, if a pod already exists, you cannot attach additional networks to it. The pod must be in the same namespace as the additional network. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in to the cluster. Procedure Add an annotation to the Pod object. Only one of the following annotation formats can be used: To attach an additional network without any customization, add an annotation with the following format. Replace <network> with the name of the additional network to associate with the pod: metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: <network>[,<network>,...] 1 1 To specify more than one additional network, separate each network with a comma. Do not include whitespace between the comma. If you specify the same additional network multiple times, that pod will have multiple network interfaces attached to that network. To attach an additional network with customizations, add an annotation with the following format: metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: |- [ { "name": "<network>", 1 "namespace": "<namespace>", 2 "default-route": ["<default-route>"] 3 } ] 1 Specify the name of the additional network defined by a NetworkAttachmentDefinition object. 2 Specify the namespace where the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object is defined. 3 Optional: Specify an override for the default route, such as 192.168.17.1 . To create the pod, enter the following command. Replace <name> with the name of the pod. USD oc create -f <name>.yaml Optional: To Confirm that the annotation exists in the Pod CR, enter the following command, replacing <name> with the name of the pod. USD oc get pod <name> -o yaml In the following example, the example-pod pod is attached to the net1 additional network: USD oc get pod example-pod -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: macvlan-bridge k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status: |- 1 [{ "name": "ovn-kubernetes", "interface": "eth0", "ips": [ "10.128.2.14" ], "default": true, "dns": {} },{ "name": "macvlan-bridge", "interface": "net1", "ips": [ "20.2.2.100" ], "mac": "22:2f:60:a5:f8:00", "dns": {} }] name: example-pod namespace: default spec: ... status: ... 1 The k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status parameter is a JSON array of objects. Each object describes the status of an additional network attached to the pod. The annotation value is stored as a plain text value. 16.3.3.1.1. Specifying pod-specific addressing and routing options When attaching a pod to an additional network, you may want to specify further properties about that network in a particular pod. This allows you to change some aspects of routing, as well as specify static IP addresses and MAC addresses. To accomplish this, you can use the JSON formatted annotations. Prerequisites The pod must be in the same namespace as the additional network. Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You must log in to the cluster. Procedure To add a pod to an additional network while specifying addressing and/or routing options, complete the following steps: Edit the Pod resource definition. If you are editing an existing Pod resource, run the following command to edit its definition in the default editor. Replace <name> with the name of the Pod resource to edit. USD oc edit pod <name> In the Pod resource definition, add the k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks parameter to the pod metadata mapping. The k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks accepts a JSON string of a list of objects that reference the name of NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource (CR) names in addition to specifying additional properties. metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[<network>[,<network>,...]]' 1 1 Replace <network> with a JSON object as shown in the following examples. The single quotes are required. In the following example the annotation specifies which network attachment will have the default route, using the default-route parameter. apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: example-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "net1" }, { "name": "net2", 1 "default-route": ["192.0.2.1"] 2 }]' spec: containers: - name: example-pod command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "sleep 2000000000000"] image: centos/tools 1 The name key is the name of the additional network to associate with the pod. 2 The default-route key specifies a value of a gateway for traffic to be routed over if no other routing entry is present in the routing table. If more than one default-route key is specified, this will cause the pod to fail to become active. The default route will cause any traffic that is not specified in other routes to be routed to the gateway. Important Setting the default route to an interface other than the default network interface for OpenShift Container Platform may cause traffic that is anticipated for pod-to-pod traffic to be routed over another interface. To verify the routing properties of a pod, the oc command may be used to execute the ip command within a pod. USD oc exec -it <pod_name> -- ip route Note You may also reference the pod's k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status to see which additional network has been assigned the default route, by the presence of the default-route key in the JSON-formatted list of objects. To set a static IP address or MAC address for a pod you can use the JSON formatted annotations. This requires you create networks that specifically allow for this functionality. This can be specified in a rawCNIConfig for the CNO. Edit the CNO CR by running the following command: USD oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster The following YAML describes the configuration parameters for the CNO: Cluster Network Operator YAML configuration name: <name> 1 namespace: <namespace> 2 rawCNIConfig: '{ 3 ... }' type: Raw 1 Specify a name for the additional network attachment that you are creating. The name must be unique within the specified namespace . 2 Specify the namespace to create the network attachment in. If you do not specify a value, then the default namespace is used. 3 Specify the CNI plugin configuration in JSON format, which is based on the following template. The following object describes the configuration parameters for utilizing static MAC address and IP address using the macvlan CNI plugin: macvlan CNI plugin JSON configuration object using static IP and MAC address { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "<name>", 1 "plugins": [{ 2 "type": "macvlan", "capabilities": { "ips": true }, 3 "master": "eth0", 4 "mode": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "static" } }, { "capabilities": { "mac": true }, 5 "type": "tuning" }] } 1 Specifies the name for the additional network attachment to create. The name must be unique within the specified namespace . 2 Specifies an array of CNI plugin configurations. The first object specifies a macvlan plugin configuration and the second object specifies a tuning plugin configuration. 3 Specifies that a request is made to enable the static IP address functionality of the CNI plugin runtime configuration capabilities. 4 Specifies the interface that the macvlan plugin uses. 5 Specifies that a request is made to enable the static MAC address functionality of a CNI plugin. The above network attachment can be referenced in a JSON formatted annotation, along with keys to specify which static IP and MAC address will be assigned to a given pod. Edit the pod with: USD oc edit pod <name> macvlan CNI plugin JSON configuration object using static IP and MAC address apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: example-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "<name>", 1 "ips": [ "192.0.2.205/24" ], 2 "mac": "CA:FE:C0:FF:EE:00" 3 } ]' 1 Use the <name> as provided when creating the rawCNIConfig above. 2 Provide an IP address including the subnet mask. 3 Provide the MAC address. Note Static IP addresses and MAC addresses do not have to be used at the same time, you may use them individually, or together. To verify the IP address and MAC properties of a pod with additional networks, use the oc command to execute the ip command within a pod. USD oc exec -it <pod_name> -- ip a 16.3.4. Configuring multi-network policy Administrators can use the MultiNetworkPolicy API to create multiple network policies that manage traffic for pods attached to secondary networks. For example, you can create policies that allow or deny traffic based on specific ports, IPs/ranges, or labels. Multi-network policies can be used to manage traffic on secondary networks in the cluster. They cannot managed the cluster's default network or primary network of user-defined networks. As a cluster administrator, you can configure a multi-network policy for any of the following network types: Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) MAC Virtual Local Area Network (MacVLAN) IP Virtual Local Area Network (IPVLAN) Bond Container Network Interface (CNI) over SR-IOV OVN-Kubernetes additional networks Note Support for configuring multi-network policies for SR-IOV additional networks is only supported with kernel network interface controllers (NICs). SR-IOV is not supported for Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) applications. 16.3.4.1. Differences between multi-network policy and network policy Although the MultiNetworkPolicy API implements the NetworkPolicy API, there are several important differences: You must use the MultiNetworkPolicy API: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy You must use the multi-networkpolicy resource name when using the CLI to interact with multi-network policies. For example, you can view a multi-network policy object with the oc get multi-networkpolicy <name> command where <name> is the name of a multi-network policy. You must specify an annotation with the name of the network attachment definition that defines the additional network: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> where: <network_name> Specifies the name of a network attachment definition. 16.3.4.2. Enabling multi-network policy for the cluster As a cluster administrator, you can enable multi-network policy support on your cluster. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure Create the multinetwork-enable-patch.yaml file with the following YAML: apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: useMultiNetworkPolicy: true Configure the cluster to enable multi-network policy: USD oc patch network.operator.openshift.io cluster --type=merge --patch-file=multinetwork-enable-patch.yaml Example output network.operator.openshift.io/cluster patched 16.3.4.3. Supporting multi-network policies in IPv6 networks The ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a set of messages and processes that enable devices to discover and maintain information about neighboring nodes. NDP plays a crucial role in IPv6 networks, facilitating the interaction between devices on the same link. The Cluster Network Operator (CNO) deploys the iptables implementation of multi-network policy when the useMultiNetworkPolicy parameter is set to true . To support multi-network policies in IPv6 networks the Cluster Network Operator deploys the following set of rules in every pod affected by a multi-network policy: Multi-network policy custom rules kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: multi-networkpolicy-custom-rules namespace: openshift-multus data: custom-v6-rules.txt: | # accept NDP -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-solicitation -j ACCEPT 1 -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-advertisement -j ACCEPT 2 # accept RA/RS -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-solicitation -j ACCEPT 3 -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement -j ACCEPT 4 1 This rule allows incoming ICMPv6 neighbor solicitation messages, which are part of the neighbor discovery protocol (NDP). These messages help determine the link-layer addresses of neighboring nodes. 2 This rule allows incoming ICMPv6 neighbor advertisement messages, which are part of NDP and provide information about the link-layer address of the sender. 3 This rule permits incoming ICMPv6 router solicitation messages. Hosts use these messages to request router configuration information. 4 This rule allows incoming ICMPv6 router advertisement messages, which give configuration information to hosts. Note You cannot edit these predefined rules. These rules collectively enable essential ICMPv6 traffic for correct network functioning, including address resolution and router communication in an IPv6 environment. With these rules in place and a multi-network policy denying traffic, applications are not expected to experience connectivity issues. 16.3.4.4. Working with multi-network policy As a cluster administrator, you can create, edit, view, and delete multi-network policies. 16.3.4.4.1. Prerequisites You have enabled multi-network policy support for your cluster. 16.3.4.4.2. Creating a multi-network policy using the CLI To define granular rules describing ingress or egress network traffic allowed for namespaces in your cluster, you can create a multi-network policy. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace that the multi-network policy applies to. Procedure Create a policy rule: Create a <policy_name>.yaml file: USD touch <policy_name>.yaml where: <policy_name> Specifies the multi-network policy file name. Define a multi-network policy in the file that you just created, such as in the following examples: Deny ingress from all pods in all namespaces This is a fundamental policy, blocking all cross-pod networking other than cross-pod traffic allowed by the configuration of other Network Policies. apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: deny-by-default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for:<namespace_name>/<network_name> spec: podSelector: {} policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: [] where: <network_name> Specifies the name of a network attachment definition. Allow ingress from all pods in the same namespace apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-same-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: ingress: - from: - podSelector: {} where: <network_name> Specifies the name of a network attachment definition. Allow ingress traffic to one pod from a particular namespace This policy allows traffic to pods labelled pod-a from pods running in namespace-y . apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-traffic-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: pod: pod-a policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: matchLabels: kubernetes.io/metadata.name: namespace-y where: <network_name> Specifies the name of a network attachment definition. Restrict traffic to a service This policy when applied ensures every pod with both labels app=bookstore and role=api can only be accessed by pods with label app=bookstore . In this example the application could be a REST API server, marked with labels app=bookstore and role=api . This example addresses the following use cases: Restricting the traffic to a service to only the other microservices that need to use it. Restricting the connections to a database to only permit the application using it. apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: api-allow annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: bookstore role: api ingress: - from: - podSelector: matchLabels: app: bookstore where: <network_name> Specifies the name of a network attachment definition. To create the multi-network policy object, enter the following command: USD oc apply -f <policy_name>.yaml -n <namespace> where: <policy_name> Specifies the multi-network policy file name. <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/deny-by-default created Note If you log in to the web console with cluster-admin privileges, you have a choice of creating a network policy in any namespace in the cluster directly in YAML or from a form in the web console. 16.3.4.4.3. Editing a multi-network policy You can edit a multi-network policy in a namespace. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace where the multi-network policy exists. Procedure Optional: To list the multi-network policy objects in a namespace, enter the following command: USD oc get multi-networkpolicy where: <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Edit the multi-network policy object. If you saved the multi-network policy definition in a file, edit the file and make any necessary changes, and then enter the following command. USD oc apply -n <namespace> -f <policy_file>.yaml where: <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. <policy_file> Specifies the name of the file containing the network policy. If you need to update the multi-network policy object directly, enter the following command: USD oc edit multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace> where: <policy_name> Specifies the name of the network policy. <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Confirm that the multi-network policy object is updated. USD oc describe multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace> where: <policy_name> Specifies the name of the multi-network policy. <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Note If you log in to the web console with cluster-admin privileges, you have a choice of editing a network policy in any namespace in the cluster directly in YAML or from the policy in the web console through the Actions menu. 16.3.4.4.4. Viewing multi-network policies using the CLI You can examine the multi-network policies in a namespace. Prerequisites You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace where the multi-network policy exists. Procedure List multi-network policies in a namespace: To view multi-network policy objects defined in a namespace, enter the following command: USD oc get multi-networkpolicy Optional: To examine a specific multi-network policy, enter the following command: USD oc describe multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace> where: <policy_name> Specifies the name of the multi-network policy to inspect. <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Note If you log in to the web console with cluster-admin privileges, you have a choice of viewing a network policy in any namespace in the cluster directly in YAML or from a form in the web console. 16.3.4.4.5. Deleting a multi-network policy using the CLI You can delete a multi-network policy in a namespace. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace where the multi-network policy exists. Procedure To delete a multi-network policy object, enter the following command: USD oc delete multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace> where: <policy_name> Specifies the name of the multi-network policy. <namespace> Optional: Specifies the namespace if the object is defined in a different namespace than the current namespace. Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/default-deny deleted Note If you log in to the web console with cluster-admin privileges, you have a choice of deleting a network policy in any namespace in the cluster directly in YAML or from the policy in the web console through the Actions menu. 16.3.4.4.6. Creating a default deny all multi-network policy This is a fundamental policy, blocking all cross-pod networking other than network traffic allowed by the configuration of other deployed network policies. This procedure enforces a default deny-by-default policy. Note If you log in with a user with the cluster-admin role, then you can create a network policy in any namespace in the cluster. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace that the multi-network policy applies to. Procedure Create the following YAML that defines a deny-by-default policy to deny ingress from all pods in all namespaces. Save the YAML in the deny-by-default.yaml file: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: deny-by-default namespace: default 1 annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <namespace_name>/<network_name> 2 spec: podSelector: {} 3 policyTypes: 4 - Ingress 5 ingress: [] 6 1 namespace: default deploys this policy to the default namespace. 2 network_name : specifies the name of a network attachment definition. 3 podSelector: is empty, this means it matches all the pods. Therefore, the policy applies to all pods in the default namespace. 4 policyTypes: a list of rule types that the NetworkPolicy relates to. 5 Specifies as Ingress only policyType . 6 There are no ingress rules specified. This causes incoming traffic to be dropped to all pods. Apply the policy by entering the following command: USD oc apply -f deny-by-default.yaml Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/deny-by-default created 16.3.4.4.7. Creating a multi-network policy to allow traffic from external clients With the deny-by-default policy in place you can proceed to configure a policy that allows traffic from external clients to a pod with the label app=web . Note If you log in with a user with the cluster-admin role, then you can create a network policy in any namespace in the cluster. Follow this procedure to configure a policy that allows external service from the public Internet directly or by using a Load Balancer to access the pod. Traffic is only allowed to a pod with the label app=web . Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace that the multi-network policy applies to. Procedure Create a policy that allows traffic from the public Internet directly or by using a load balancer to access the pod. Save the YAML in the web-allow-external.yaml file: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-external namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: policyTypes: - Ingress podSelector: matchLabels: app: web ingress: - {} Apply the policy by entering the following command: USD oc apply -f web-allow-external.yaml Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-external created This policy allows traffic from all resources, including external traffic as illustrated in the following diagram: 16.3.4.4.8. Creating a multi-network policy allowing traffic to an application from all namespaces Note If you log in with a user with the cluster-admin role, then you can create a network policy in any namespace in the cluster. Follow this procedure to configure a policy that allows traffic from all pods in all namespaces to a particular application. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace that the multi-network policy applies to. Procedure Create a policy that allows traffic from all pods in all namespaces to a particular application. Save the YAML in the web-allow-all-namespaces.yaml file: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-all-namespaces namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: web 1 policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: {} 2 1 Applies the policy only to app:web pods in default namespace. 2 Selects all pods in all namespaces. Note By default, if you omit specifying a namespaceSelector it does not select any namespaces, which means the policy allows traffic only from the namespace the network policy is deployed to. Apply the policy by entering the following command: USD oc apply -f web-allow-all-namespaces.yaml Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-all-namespaces created Verification Start a web service in the default namespace by entering the following command: USD oc run web --namespace=default --image=nginx --labels="app=web" --expose --port=80 Run the following command to deploy an alpine image in the secondary namespace and to start a shell: USD oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=secondary --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh Run the following command in the shell and observe that the request is allowed: # wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default Expected output <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> 16.3.4.4.9. Creating a multi-network policy allowing traffic to an application from a namespace Note If you log in with a user with the cluster-admin role, then you can create a network policy in any namespace in the cluster. Follow this procedure to configure a policy that allows traffic to a pod with the label app=web from a particular namespace. You might want to do this to: Restrict traffic to a production database only to namespaces where production workloads are deployed. Enable monitoring tools deployed to a particular namespace to scrape metrics from the current namespace. Prerequisites Your cluster uses a network plugin that supports NetworkPolicy objects, such as the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, with mode: NetworkPolicy set. You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the cluster with a user with cluster-admin privileges. You are working in the namespace that the multi-network policy applies to. Procedure Create a policy that allows traffic from all pods in a particular namespaces with a label purpose=production . Save the YAML in the web-allow-prod.yaml file: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-prod namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: web 1 policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: matchLabels: purpose: production 2 1 Applies the policy only to app:web pods in the default namespace. 2 Restricts traffic to only pods in namespaces that have the label purpose=production . Apply the policy by entering the following command: USD oc apply -f web-allow-prod.yaml Example output multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-prod created Verification Start a web service in the default namespace by entering the following command: USD oc run web --namespace=default --image=nginx --labels="app=web" --expose --port=80 Run the following command to create the prod namespace: USD oc create namespace prod Run the following command to label the prod namespace: USD oc label namespace/prod purpose=production Run the following command to create the dev namespace: USD oc create namespace dev Run the following command to label the dev namespace: USD oc label namespace/dev purpose=testing Run the following command to deploy an alpine image in the dev namespace and to start a shell: USD oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=dev --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh Run the following command in the shell and observe that the request is blocked: # wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default Expected output wget: download timed out Run the following command to deploy an alpine image in the prod namespace and start a shell: USD oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=prod --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh Run the following command in the shell and observe that the request is allowed: # wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default Expected output <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> 16.3.4.5. Additional resources About network policy Understanding multiple networks Configuring a macvlan network Configuring an SR-IOV network device 16.3.5. Removing a pod from an additional network As a cluster user you can remove a pod from an additional network. 16.3.5.1. Removing a pod from an additional network You can remove a pod from an additional network only by deleting the pod. Prerequisites An additional network is attached to the pod. Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in to the cluster. Procedure To delete the pod, enter the following command: USD oc delete pod <name> -n <namespace> <name> is the name of the pod. <namespace> is the namespace that contains the pod. 16.3.6. Editing an additional network As a cluster administrator you can modify the configuration for an existing additional network. 16.3.6.1. Modifying an additional network attachment definition As a cluster administrator, you can make changes to an existing additional network. Any existing pods attached to the additional network will not be updated. Prerequisites You have configured an additional network for your cluster. Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure To edit an additional network for your cluster, complete the following steps: Run the following command to edit the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) CR in your default text editor: USD oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster In the additionalNetworks collection, update the additional network with your changes. Save your changes and quit the text editor to commit your changes. Optional: Confirm that the CNO updated the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object by running the following command. Replace <network-name> with the name of the additional network to display. There might be a delay before the CNO updates the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object to reflect your changes. USD oc get network-attachment-definitions <network-name> -o yaml For example, the following console output displays a NetworkAttachmentDefinition object that is named net1 : USD oc get network-attachment-definitions net1 -o go-template='{{printf "%s\n" .spec.config}}' { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "macvlan", "master": "ens5", "mode": "bridge", "ipam": {"type":"static","routes":[{"dst":"0.0.0.0/0","gw":"10.128.2.1"}],"addresses":[{"address":"10.128.2.100/23","gateway":"10.128.2.1"}],"dns":{"nameservers":["172.30.0.10"],"domain":"us-west-2.compute.internal","search":["us-west-2.compute.internal"]}} } 16.3.7. Configuring IP address assignment on secondary networks The following sections give instructions and information for how to configure IP address assignments for secondary networks. 16.3.7.1. Configuration of IP address assignment for a network attachment For additional networks, IP addresses can be assigned using an IP Address Management (IPAM) CNI plugin, which supports various assignment methods, including Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and static assignment. The DHCP IPAM CNI plugin responsible for dynamic assignment of IP addresses operates with two distinct components: CNI Plugin : Responsible for integrating with the Kubernetes networking stack to request and release IP addresses. DHCP IPAM CNI Daemon : A listener for DHCP events that coordinates with existing DHCP servers in the environment to handle IP address assignment requests. This daemon is not a DHCP server itself. For networks requiring type: dhcp in their IPAM configuration, ensure the following: A DHCP server is available and running in the environment. The DHCP server is external to the cluster and is expected to be part of the customer's existing network infrastructure. The DHCP server is appropriately configured to serve IP addresses to the nodes. In cases where a DHCP server is unavailable in the environment, it is recommended to use the Whereabouts IPAM CNI plugin instead. The Whereabouts CNI provides similar IP address management capabilities without the need for an external DHCP server. Note Use the Whereabouts CNI plugin when there is no external DHCP server or where static IP address management is preferred. The Whereabouts plugin includes a reconciler daemon to manage stale IP address allocations. A DHCP lease must be periodically renewed throughout the container's lifetime, so a separate daemon, the DHCP IPAM CNI Daemon, is required. To deploy the DHCP IPAM CNI daemon, modify the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration to trigger the deployment of this daemon as part of the additional network setup. 16.3.7.1.1. Static IP address assignment configuration The following table describes the configuration for static IP address assignment: Table 16.16. ipam static configuration object Field Type Description type string The IPAM address type. The value static is required. addresses array An array of objects specifying IP addresses to assign to the virtual interface. Both IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses are supported. routes array An array of objects specifying routes to configure inside the pod. dns array Optional: An array of objects specifying the DNS configuration. The addresses array requires objects with the following fields: Table 16.17. ipam.addresses[] array Field Type Description address string An IP address and network prefix that you specify. For example, if you specify 10.10.21.10/24 , then the additional network is assigned an IP address of 10.10.21.10 and the netmask is 255.255.255.0 . gateway string The default gateway to route egress network traffic to. Table 16.18. ipam.routes[] array Field Type Description dst string The IP address range in CIDR format, such as 192.168.17.0/24 or 0.0.0.0/0 for the default route. gw string The gateway where network traffic is routed. Table 16.19. ipam.dns object Field Type Description nameservers array An array of one or more IP addresses for to send DNS queries to. domain array The default domain to append to a hostname. For example, if the domain is set to example.com , a DNS lookup query for example-host is rewritten as example-host.example.com . search array An array of domain names to append to an unqualified hostname, such as example-host , during a DNS lookup query. Static IP address assignment configuration example { "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "191.168.1.7/24" } ] } } 16.3.7.1.2. Dynamic IP address (DHCP) assignment configuration A pod obtains its original DHCP lease when it is created. The lease must be periodically renewed by a minimal DHCP server deployment running on the cluster. Important For an Ethernet network attachment, the SR-IOV Network Operator does not create a DHCP server deployment; the Cluster Network Operator is responsible for creating the minimal DHCP server deployment. To trigger the deployment of the DHCP server, you must create a shim network attachment by editing the Cluster Network Operator configuration, as in the following example: Example shim network attachment definition apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: dhcp-shim namespace: default type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "dhcp-shim", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } # ... The following table describes the configuration parameters for dynamic IP address address assignment with DHCP. Table 16.20. ipam DHCP configuration object Field Type Description type string The IPAM address type. The value dhcp is required. The following JSON example describes the configuration p for dynamic IP address address assignment with DHCP. Dynamic IP address (DHCP) assignment configuration example { "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } 16.3.7.1.3. Dynamic IP address assignment configuration with Whereabouts The Whereabouts CNI plugin allows the dynamic assignment of an IP address to an additional network without the use of a DHCP server. The Whereabouts CNI plugin also supports overlapping IP address ranges and configuration of the same CIDR range multiple times within separate NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRDs. This provides greater flexibility and management capabilities in multi-tenant environments. 16.3.7.1.3.1. Dynamic IP address configuration objects The following table describes the configuration objects for dynamic IP address assignment with Whereabouts: Table 16.21. ipam whereabouts configuration object Field Type Description type string The IPAM address type. The value whereabouts is required. range string An IP address and range in CIDR notation. IP addresses are assigned from within this range of addresses. exclude array Optional: A list of zero or more IP addresses and ranges in CIDR notation. IP addresses within an excluded address range are not assigned. network_name string Optional: Helps ensure that each group or domain of pods gets its own set of IP addresses, even if they share the same range of IP addresses. Setting this field is important for keeping networks separate and organized, notably in multi-tenant environments. 16.3.7.1.3.2. Dynamic IP address assignment configuration that uses Whereabouts The following example shows a dynamic address assignment configuration that uses Whereabouts: Whereabouts dynamic IP address assignment { "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/27", "exclude": [ "192.0.2.192/30", "192.0.2.196/32" ] } } 16.3.7.1.3.3. Dynamic IP address assignment that uses Whereabouts with overlapping IP address ranges The following example shows a dynamic IP address assignment that uses overlapping IP address ranges for multi-tenant networks. NetworkAttachmentDefinition 1 { "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/29", "network_name": "example_net_common", 1 } } 1 Optional. If set, must match the network_name of NetworkAttachmentDefinition 2 . NetworkAttachmentDefinition 2 { "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/24", "network_name": "example_net_common", 1 } } 1 Optional. If set, must match the network_name of NetworkAttachmentDefinition 1 . 16.3.7.1.4. Creating a whereabouts-reconciler daemon set The Whereabouts reconciler is responsible for managing dynamic IP address assignments for the pods within a cluster by using the Whereabouts IP Address Management (IPAM) solution. It ensures that each pod gets a unique IP address from the specified IP address range. It also handles IP address releases when pods are deleted or scaled down. Note You can also use a NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource definition (CRD) for dynamic IP address assignment. The whereabouts-reconciler daemon set is automatically created when you configure an additional network through the Cluster Network Operator. It is not automatically created when you configure an additional network from a YAML manifest. To trigger the deployment of the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set, you must manually create a whereabouts-shim network attachment by editing the Cluster Network Operator custom resource (CR) file. Use the following procedure to deploy the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set. Procedure Edit the Network.operator.openshift.io custom resource (CR) by running the following command: USD oc edit network.operator.openshift.io cluster Include the additionalNetworks section shown in this example YAML extract within the spec definition of the custom resource (CR): apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster # ... spec: additionalNetworks: - name: whereabouts-shim namespace: default rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "whereabouts-shim", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts" } } type: Raw # ... Save the file and exit the text editor. Verify that the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set deployed successfully by running the following command: USD oc get all -n openshift-multus | grep whereabouts-reconciler Example output pod/whereabouts-reconciler-jnp6g 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k76gg 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k86t9 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-p4sxw 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-rvfdv 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-svzw9 1/1 Running 0 6s daemonset.apps/whereabouts-reconciler 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 6s 16.3.7.1.5. Configuring the Whereabouts IP reconciler schedule The Whereabouts IPAM CNI plugin runs the IP reconciler daily. This process cleans up any stranded IP allocations that might result in exhausting IPs and therefore prevent new pods from getting an IP allocated to them. Use this procedure to change the frequency at which the IP reconciler runs. Prerequisites You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. You have deployed the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set, and the whereabouts-reconciler pods are up and running. Procedure Run the following command to create a ConfigMap object named whereabouts-config in the openshift-multus namespace with a specific cron expression for the IP reconciler: USD oc create configmap whereabouts-config -n openshift-multus --from-literal=reconciler_cron_expression="*/15 * * * *" This cron expression indicates the IP reconciler runs every 15 minutes. Adjust the expression based on your specific requirements. Note The whereabouts-reconciler daemon set can only consume a cron expression pattern that includes five asterisks. The sixth, which is used to denote seconds, is currently not supported. Retrieve information about resources related to the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set and pods within the openshift-multus namespace by running the following command: USD oc get all -n openshift-multus | grep whereabouts-reconciler Example output pod/whereabouts-reconciler-2p7hw 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-76jk7 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-94zw6 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-mfh68 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-pgshz 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-xn5xz 1/1 Running 0 4m14s daemonset.apps/whereabouts-reconciler 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 4m16s Run the following command to verify that the whereabouts-reconciler pod runs the IP reconciler with the configured interval: USD oc -n openshift-multus logs whereabouts-reconciler-2p7hw Example output 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_33_54.1375928161": CREATE 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_33_54.1375928161": CHMOD 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..data_tmp": RENAME 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] using expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] configuration updated to file "/cron-schedule/..data". New cron expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] successfully updated CRON configuration id "00c2d1c9-631d-403f-bb86-73ad104a6817" - new cron expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/config": CREATE 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_26_17.3874177937": REMOVE 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [verbose] starting reconciler run 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] NewReconcileLooper - inferred connection data 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] listing IP pools 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] no IP addresses to cleanup 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [verbose] reconciler success 16.3.7.1.6. Creating a configuration for assignment of dual-stack IP addresses dynamically Dual-stack IP address assignment can be configured with the ipRanges parameter for: IPv4 addresses IPv6 addresses multiple IP address assignment Procedure Set type to whereabouts . Use ipRanges to allocate IP addresses as shown in the following example: cniVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network =metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: whereabouts-shim namespace: default type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "whereabouts-dual-stack", "cniVersion": "0.3.1, "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [ {"range": "192.168.10.0/24"}, {"range": "2001:db8::/64"} ] } } Attach network to a pod. For more information, see "Adding a pod to an additional network". Verify that all IP addresses are assigned. Run the following command to ensure the IP addresses are assigned as metadata. USD oc exec -it mypod -- ip a 16.3.8. Configuring the master interface in the container network namespace The following section provides instructions and information for how to create and manage a MAC-VLAN, IP-VLAN, and VLAN subinterface based on a master interface. 16.3.8.1. About configuring the master interface in the container network namespace You can create a MAC-VLAN, an IP-VLAN, or a VLAN subinterface that is based on a master interface that exists in a container namespace. You can also create a master interface as part of the pod network configuration in a separate network attachment definition CRD. To use a container namespace master interface, you must specify true for the linkInContainer parameter that exists in the subinterface configuration of the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD. 16.3.8.1.1. Creating multiple VLANs on SR-IOV VFs An example use case for utilizing this feature is to create multiple VLANs based on SR-IOV VFs. To do so, begin by creating an SR-IOV network and then define the network attachments for the VLAN interfaces. The following example shows how to configure the setup illustrated in this diagram. Figure 16.3. Creating VLANs Prerequisites You installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. You have installed the SR-IOV Network Operator. Procedure Create a dedicated container namespace where you want to deploy your pod by using the following command: USD oc new-project test-namespace Create an SR-IOV node policy: Create an SriovNetworkNodePolicy object, and then save the YAML in the sriov-node-network-policy.yaml file: apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1 kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy metadata: name: sriovnic namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator spec: deviceType: netdevice isRdma: false needVhostNet: true nicSelector: vendor: "15b3" 1 deviceID: "101b" 2 rootDevices: ["00:05.0"] numVfs: 10 priority: 99 resourceName: sriovnic nodeSelector: feature.node.kubernetes.io/network-sriov.capable: "true" Note The SR-IOV network node policy configuration example, with the setting deviceType: netdevice , is tailored specifically for Mellanox Network Interface Cards (NICs). 1 The vendor hexadecimal code of the SR-IOV network device. The value 15b3 is associated with a Mellanox NIC. 2 The device hexadecimal code of the SR-IOV network device. Apply the YAML by running the following command: USD oc apply -f sriov-node-network-policy.yaml Note Applying this might take some time due to the node requiring a reboot. Create an SR-IOV network: Create the SriovNetwork custom resource (CR) for the additional SR-IOV network attachment as in the following example CR. Save the YAML as the file sriov-network-attachment.yaml : apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1 kind: SriovNetwork metadata: name: sriov-network namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator spec: networkNamespace: test-namespace resourceName: sriovnic spoofChk: "off" trust: "on" Apply the YAML by running the following command: USD oc apply -f sriov-network-attachment.yaml Create the VLAN additional network: Using the following YAML example, create a file named vlan100-additional-network-configuration.yaml : apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: vlan-100 namespace: test-namespace spec: config: | { "cniVersion": "0.4.0", "name": "vlan-100", "plugins": [ { "type": "vlan", "master": "ext0", 1 "mtu": 1500, "vlanId": 100, "linkInContainer": true, 2 "ipam": {"type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [{"range": "1.1.1.0/24"}]} } ] } 1 The VLAN configuration needs to specify the master name. This can be configured in the pod networks annotation. 2 The linkInContainer parameter must be specified. Apply the YAML file by running the following command: USD oc apply -f vlan100-additional-network-configuration.yaml Create a pod definition by using the earlier specified networks: Using the following YAML example, create a file named pod-a.yaml file: Note The manifest below includes 2 resources: Namespace with security labels Pod definition with appropriate network annotation apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: test-namespace labels: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: privileged pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: privileged security.openshift.io/scc.podSecurityLabelSync: "false" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: nginx-pod namespace: test-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "sriov-network", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0" 1 }, { "name": "vlan-100", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0.100" } ]' spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true containers: - name: nginx-container image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:latest securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: ["ALL"] ports: - containerPort: 80 seccompProfile: type: "RuntimeDefault" 1 The name to be used as the master for the VLAN interface. Apply the YAML file by running the following command: USD oc apply -f pod-a.yaml Get detailed information about the nginx-pod within the test-namespace by running the following command: USD oc describe pods nginx-pod -n test-namespace Example output Name: nginx-pod Namespace: test-namespace Priority: 0 Node: worker-1/10.46.186.105 Start Time: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 16:23:13 -0400 Labels: <none> Annotations: k8s.ovn.org/pod-networks: {"default":{"ip_addresses":["10.131.0.26/23"],"mac_address":"0a:58:0a:83:00:1a","gateway_ips":["10.131.0.1"],"routes":[{"dest":"10.128.0.0... k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status: [{ "name": "ovn-kubernetes", "interface": "eth0", "ips": [ "10.131.0.26" ], "mac": "0a:58:0a:83:00:1a", "default": true, "dns": {} },{ "name": "test-namespace/sriov-network", "interface": "ext0", "mac": "6e:a7:5e:3f:49:1b", "dns": {}, "device-info": { "type": "pci", "version": "1.0.0", "pci": { "pci-address": "0000:d8:00.2" } } },{ "name": "test-namespace/vlan-100", "interface": "ext0.100", "ips": [ "1.1.1.1" ], "mac": "6e:a7:5e:3f:49:1b", "dns": {} }] k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: [ { "name": "sriov-network", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0" }, { "name": "vlan-100", "namespace": "test-namespace", "i... openshift.io/scc: privileged Status: Running IP: 10.131.0.26 IPs: IP: 10.131.0.26 16.3.8.1.2. Creating a subinterface based on a bridge master interface in a container namespace You can create a subinterface based on a bridge master interface that exists in a container namespace. Creating a subinterface can be applied to other types of interfaces. Prerequisites You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You are logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure Create a dedicated container namespace where you want to deploy your pod by entering the following command: USD oc new-project test-namespace Using the following YAML example, create a bridge NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource definition (CRD) file named bridge-nad.yaml : apiVersion: "k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1" kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: bridge-network spec: config: '{ "cniVersion": "0.4.0", "name": "bridge-network", "type": "bridge", "bridge": "br-001", "isGateway": true, "ipMasq": true, "hairpinMode": true, "ipam": { "type": "host-local", "subnet": "10.0.0.0/24", "routes": [{"dst": "0.0.0.0/0"}] } }' Run the following command to apply the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster: USD oc apply -f bridge-nad.yaml Verify that you successfully created a NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD by entering the following command: USD oc get network-attachment-definitions Example output NAME AGE bridge-network 15s Using the following YAML example, create a file named ipvlan-additional-network-configuration.yaml for the IPVLAN additional network configuration: apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: ipvlan-net namespace: test-namespace spec: config: '{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ipvlan-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "ext0", 1 "mode": "l3", "linkInContainer": true, 2 "ipam": {"type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [{"range": "10.0.0.0/24"}]} }' 1 Specifies the ethernet interface to associate with the network attachment. This is subsequently configured in the pod networks annotation. 2 Specifies that the master interface is in the container network namespace. Apply the YAML file by running the following command: USD oc apply -f ipvlan-additional-network-configuration.yaml Verify that the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRD has been created successfully by running the following command: USD oc get network-attachment-definitions Example output NAME AGE bridge-network 87s ipvlan-net 9s Using the following YAML example, create a file named pod-a.yaml for the pod definition: apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod-a namespace: test-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "bridge-network", "interface": "ext0" 1 }, { "name": "ipvlan-net", "interface": "ext1" } ]' spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault containers: - name: test-pod image: quay.io/openshifttest/hello-sdn@sha256:c89445416459e7adea9a5a416b3365ed3d74f2491beb904d61dc8d1eb89a72a4 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: [ALL] 1 Specifies the name to be used as the master for the IPVLAN interface. Apply the YAML file by running the following command: USD oc apply -f pod-a.yaml Verify that the pod is running by using the following command: USD oc get pod -n test-namespace Example output NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod-a 1/1 Running 0 2m36s Show network interface information about the pod-a resource within the test-namespace by running the following command: USD oc exec -n test-namespace pod-a -- ip a Example output 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth0@if105: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 0a:58:0a:d9:00:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 10.217.0.93/23 brd 10.217.1.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::488b:91ff:fe84:a94b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: ext0@if107: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether be:da:bd:7e:f4:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 10.0.0.2/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ext0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::bcda:bdff:fe7e:f437/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: ext1@ext0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/ether be:da:bd:7e:f4:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.1/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ext1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::beda:bd00:17e:f437/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever This output shows that the network interface ext1 is associated with the physical interface ext0 . 16.3.9. Removing an additional network As a cluster administrator you can remove an additional network attachment. 16.3.9.1. Removing an additional network attachment definition As a cluster administrator, you can remove an additional network from your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The additional network is not removed from any pods it is attached to. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure To remove an additional network from your cluster, complete the following steps: Edit the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) in your default text editor by running the following command: USD oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster Modify the CR by removing the configuration from the additionalNetworks collection for the network attachment definition you are removing. apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: [] 1 1 If you are removing the configuration mapping for the only additional network attachment definition in the additionalNetworks collection, you must specify an empty collection. Save your changes and quit the text editor to commit your changes. Optional: Confirm that the additional network CR was deleted by running the following command: USD oc get network-attachment-definition --all-namespaces 16.4. Virtual routing and forwarding 16.4.1. About virtual routing and forwarding Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) devices combined with IP rules provide the ability to create virtual routing and forwarding domains. VRF reduces the number of permissions needed by CNF, and provides increased visibility of the network topology of secondary networks. VRF is used to provide multi-tenancy functionality, for example, where each tenant has its own unique routing tables and requires different default gateways. Processes can bind a socket to the VRF device. Packets through the binded socket use the routing table associated with the VRF device. An important feature of VRF is that it impacts only OSI model layer 3 traffic and above so L2 tools, such as LLDP, are not affected. This allows higher priority IP rules such as policy based routing to take precedence over the VRF device rules directing specific traffic. 16.4.1.1. Benefits of secondary networks for pods for telecommunications operators In telecommunications use cases, each CNF can potentially be connected to multiple different networks sharing the same address space. These secondary networks can potentially conflict with the cluster's main network CIDR. Using the CNI VRF plugin, network functions can be connected to different customers' infrastructure using the same IP address, keeping different customers isolated. IP addresses are overlapped with OpenShift Container Platform IP space. The CNI VRF plugin also reduces the number of permissions needed by CNF and increases the visibility of network topologies of secondary networks. 16.5. Assigning a secondary network to a VRF As a cluster administrator, you can configure an additional network for a virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) domain by using the CNI VRF plugin. The virtual network that this plugin creates is associated with the physical interface that you specify. Using a secondary network with a VRF instance has the following advantages: Workload isolation Isolate workload traffic by configuring a VRF instance for the additional network. Improved security Enable improved security through isolated network paths in the VRF domain. Multi-tenancy support Support multi-tenancy through network segmentation with a unique routing table in the VRF domain for each tenant. Note Applications that use VRFs must bind to a specific device. The common usage is to use the SO_BINDTODEVICE option for a socket. The SO_BINDTODEVICE option binds the socket to the device that is specified in the passed interface name, for example, eth1 . To use the SO_BINDTODEVICE option, the application must have CAP_NET_RAW capabilities. Using a VRF through the ip vrf exec command is not supported in OpenShift Container Platform pods. To use VRF, bind applications directly to the VRF interface. Additional resources About virtual routing and forwarding 16.5.1. Creating an additional network attachment with the CNI VRF plugin The Cluster Network Operator (CNO) manages additional network definitions. When you specify an additional network to create, the CNO creates the NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource (CR) automatically. Note Do not edit the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CRs that the Cluster Network Operator manages. Doing so might disrupt network traffic on your additional network. To create an additional network attachment with the CNI VRF plugin, perform the following procedure. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift Container Platform CLI (oc). Log in to the OpenShift cluster as a user with cluster-admin privileges. Procedure Create the Network custom resource (CR) for the additional network attachment and insert the rawCNIConfig configuration for the additional network, as in the following example CR. Save the YAML as the file additional-network-attachment.yaml . apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: test-network-1 namespace: additional-network-1 type: Raw rawCNIConfig: '{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "macvlan-vrf", "plugins": [ 1 { "type": "macvlan", "master": "eth1", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "191.168.1.23/24" } ] } }, { "type": "vrf", 2 "vrfname": "vrf-1", 3 "table": 1001 4 }] }' 1 plugins must be a list. The first item in the list must be the secondary network underpinning the VRF network. The second item in the list is the VRF plugin configuration. 2 type must be set to vrf . 3 vrfname is the name of the VRF that the interface is assigned to. If it does not exist in the pod, it is created. 4 Optional. table is the routing table ID. By default, the tableid parameter is used. If it is not specified, the CNI assigns a free routing table ID to the VRF. Note VRF functions correctly only when the resource is of type netdevice . Create the Network resource: USD oc create -f additional-network-attachment.yaml Confirm that the CNO created the NetworkAttachmentDefinition CR by running the following command. Replace <namespace> with the namespace that you specified when configuring the network attachment, for example, additional-network-1 . USD oc get network-attachment-definitions -n <namespace> Example output NAME AGE additional-network-1 14m Note There might be a delay before the CNO creates the CR. Verification Create a pod and assign it to the additional network with the VRF instance: Create a YAML file that defines the Pod resource: Example pod-additional-net.yaml file apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod-additional-net annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "test-network-1" 1 } ]' spec: containers: - name: example-pod-1 command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "sleep 9000000"] image: centos:8 1 Specify the name of the additional network with the VRF instance. Create the Pod resource by running the following command: USD oc create -f pod-additional-net.yaml Example output pod/test-pod created Verify that the pod network attachment is connected to the VRF additional network. Start a remote session with the pod and run the following command: USD ip vrf show Example output Name Table ----------------------- vrf-1 1001 Confirm that the VRF interface is the controller for the additional interface: USD ip link Example output 5: net1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master red state UP mode

Commands:
cat << EOF | oc apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: <cudn_namespace_name> labels: k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network: "" EOF
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: <cudn_name> 1 spec: namespaceSelector: 2 matchLabels: 3 - "<example_namespace_one>":"" 4 - "<example_namespace_two>":"" 5 network: 6 topology: Layer2 7 layer2: 8 role: Primary 9 subnets: - "2001:db8::/64" - "10.100.0.0/16" 10
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: <cudn_name> 1 spec: namespaceSelector: 2 matchExpressions: 3 - key: kubernetes.io/metadata.name 4 operator: In 5 values: ["<example_namespace_one>", "<example_namespace_two>"] 6 network: 7 topology: Layer3 8 layer3: 9 role: Primary 10 subnets: 11 - cidr: 10.100.0.0/16 hostSubnet: 24
oc create --validate=true -f <example_cluster_udn>.yaml
oc get clusteruserdefinednetwork <cudn_name> -o yaml
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: ClusterUserDefinedNetwork metadata: creationTimestamp: "2024-12-05T15:53:00Z" finalizers: - k8s.ovn.org/user-defined-network-protection generation: 1 name: my-cudn resourceVersion: "47985" uid: 16ee0fcf-74d1-4826-a6b7-25c737c1a634 spec: namespaceSelector: matchExpressions: - key: custom.network.selector operator: In values: - example-namespace-1 - example-namespace-2 - example-namespace-3 network: layer3: role: Primary subnets: - cidr: 10.100.0.0/16 topology: Layer3 status: conditions: - lastTransitionTime: "2024-11-19T16:46:34Z" message: 'NetworkAttachmentDefinition has been created in following namespaces: [example-namespace-1, example-namespace-2, example-namespace-3]' reason: NetworkAttachmentDefinitionReady status: "True" type: NetworkCreated
cat << EOF | oc apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: <udn_namespace_name> labels: k8s.ovn.org/primary-user-defined-network: "" EOF
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: udn-1 1 namespace: <some_custom_namespace> spec: topology: Layer2 2 layer2: 3 role: Primary 4 subnets: - "10.0.0.0/24" - "2001:db8::/60" 5
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: name: udn-2-primary 1 namespace: <some_custom_namespace> spec: topology: Layer3 2 layer3: 3 role: Primary 4 subnets: 5 - cidr: 10.150.0.0/16 hostSubnet: 24 - cidr: 2001:db8::/60 hostSubnet: 64
oc apply -f <my_layer_two_udn>.yaml
oc get userdefinednetworks udn-1 -n <some_custom_namespace> -o yaml
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1 kind: UserDefinedNetwork metadata: creationTimestamp: "2024-08-28T17:18:47Z" finalizers: - k8s.ovn.org/user-defined-network-protection generation: 1 name: udn-1 namespace: some-custom-namespace resourceVersion: "53313" uid: f483626d-6846-48a1-b88e-6bbeb8bcde8c spec: layer2: role: Primary subnets: - 10.0.0.0/24 - 2001:db8::/60 topology: Layer2 status: conditions: - lastTransitionTime: "2024-08-28T17:18:47Z" message: NetworkAttachmentDefinition has been created reason: NetworkAttachmentDefinitionReady status: "True" type: NetworkCreated
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.ovn.org/open-default-ports: | - protocol: tcp port: 80 - protocol: udp port: 53
openstack subnet set --dns-nameserver 0.0.0.0 <subnet_id>
oc create namespace <namespace_name>
oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: # additionalNetworks: - name: tertiary-net namespace: namespace2 type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "tertiary-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "eth1", "mode": "l2", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "192.168.1.23/24" } ] } }
oc get network-attachment-definitions -n <namespace>
NAME AGE test-network-1 14m
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: next-net spec: config: |- { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "work-network", "namespace": "namespace2", 1 "type": "host-device", "device": "eth1", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } }
oc apply -f <file>.yaml
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-same-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: blue2 spec: podSelector: ingress: - from: - podSelector: {}
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: ingress-ipblock annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: default/flatl2net spec: podSelector: matchLabels: name: access-control policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - ipBlock: cidr: 10.200.0.0/30
apiVersion: nmstate.io/v1 kind: NodeNetworkConfigurationPolicy metadata: name: mapping 1 spec: nodeSelector: node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: '' 2 desiredState: ovn: bridge-mappings: - localnet: localnet1 3 bridge: br-ex 4 state: present 5
apiVersion: nmstate.io/v1 kind: NodeNetworkConfigurationPolicy metadata: name: ovs-br1-multiple-networks 1 spec: nodeSelector: node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: '' 2 desiredState: interfaces: - name: ovs-br1 3 description: |- A dedicated OVS bridge with eth1 as a port allowing all VLANs and untagged traffic type: ovs-bridge state: up bridge: allow-extra-patch-ports: true options: stp: false port: - name: eth1 4 ovn: bridge-mappings: - localnet: localnet2 5 bridge: ovs-br1 6 state: present 7
{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ns1-localnet-network", "type": "ovn-k8s-cni-overlay", "topology":"localnet", "subnets": "202.10.130.112/28", "vlanID": 33, "mtu": 1500, "netAttachDefName": "ns1/localnet-network" "excludeSubnets": "10.100.200.0/29" }
cniVersion: 0.3.1
name: l2-network
type: ovn-k8s-cni-overlay
topology: layer2
subnets: 10.100.200.0/24
mtu: 1300
netAttachDefName: ns1/l2-network
excludeSubnets: 10.100.200.0/29
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: l2-network name: tinypod namespace: ns1 spec: containers: - args: - pause image: k8s.gcr.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.36 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: agnhost-container
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "l2-network", 1 "mac": "02:03:04:05:06:07", 2 "interface": "myiface1", 3 "ips": [ "192.0.2.20/24" ] 4 } ]' name: tinypod namespace: ns1 spec: containers: - args: - pause image: k8s.gcr.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.36 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: agnhost-container
bridge vlan add vid VLAN_ID dev DEV
{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "bridge-net", "type": "bridge", "isGateway": true, "vlan": 2, "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } }
cniVersion: 0.3.1
name: hostdev-net
type: host-device
device: eth1
{ "name": "vlan-net", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "vlan", "master": "eth0", "mtu": 1500, "vlanId": 5, "linkInContainer": false, "ipam": { "type": "host-local", "subnet": "10.1.1.0/24" }, "dns": { "nameservers": [ "10.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8" ] } }
{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ipvlan-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "eth1", "linkInContainer": false, "mode": "l3", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "192.168.10.10/24" } ] } }
{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "macvlan-net", "type": "macvlan", "master": "eth1", "linkInContainer": false, "mode": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } }
{ "name": "mynet", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "tap", "mac": "00:11:22:33:44:55", "mtu": 1500, "selinuxcontext": "system_u:system_r:container_t:s0", "multiQueue": true, "owner": 0, "group": 0 "bridge": "br1" }
apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1 kind: MachineConfig metadata: labels: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker name: 99-worker-setsebool spec: config: ignition: version: 3.2.0 systemd: units: - enabled: true name: setsebool.service contents: | [Unit] Description=Set SELinux boolean for the TAP CNI plugin Before=kubelet.service [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/usr/sbin/setsebool container_use_devices=on RemainAfterExit=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target graphical.target
oc apply -f setsebool-container-use-devices.yaml
oc get machineconfigpools
NAME CONFIG UPDATED UPDATING DEGRADED MACHINECOUNT READYMACHINECOUNT UPDATEDMACHINECOUNT DEGRADEDMACHINECOUNT AGE master rendered-master-e5e0c8e8be9194e7c5a882e047379cfa True False False 3 3 3 0 7d2h worker rendered-worker-d6c9ca107fba6cd76cdcbfcedcafa0f2 True False False 3 3 3 0 7d
metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: <network>[,<network>,...] 1
metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: |- [ { "name": "<network>", 1 "namespace": "<namespace>", 2 "default-route": ["<default-route>"] 3 } ]
oc create -f <name>.yaml
oc get pod <name> -o yaml
oc get pod example-pod -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: macvlan-bridge k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status: |- 1 [{ "name": "ovn-kubernetes", "interface": "eth0", "ips": [ "10.128.2.14" ], "default": true, "dns": {} },{ "name": "macvlan-bridge", "interface": "net1", "ips": [ "20.2.2.100" ], "mac": "22:2f:60:a5:f8:00", "dns": {} }] name: example-pod namespace: default spec: status:
oc edit pod <name>
metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[<network>[,<network>,...]]' 1
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: example-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "net1" }, { "name": "net2", 1 "default-route": ["192.0.2.1"] 2 }]' spec: containers: - name: example-pod command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "sleep 2000000000000"] image: centos/tools
oc exec -it <pod_name> -- ip route
oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
name: <name> 1 namespace: <namespace> 2 rawCNIConfig: '{ 3 }' type: Raw
{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "<name>", 1 "plugins": [{ 2 "type": "macvlan", "capabilities": { "ips": true }, 3 "master": "eth0", 4 "mode": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "static" } }, { "capabilities": { "mac": true }, 5 "type": "tuning" }] }
oc edit pod <name>
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: example-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "<name>", 1 "ips": [ "192.0.2.205/24" ], 2 "mac": "CA:FE:C0:FF:EE:00" 3 } ]'
oc exec -it <pod_name> -- ip a
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name>
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: useMultiNetworkPolicy: true
oc patch network.operator.openshift.io cluster --type=merge --patch-file=multinetwork-enable-patch.yaml
network.operator.openshift.io/cluster patched
kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: multi-networkpolicy-custom-rules namespace: openshift-multus data: custom-v6-rules.txt: | # accept NDP -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-solicitation -j ACCEPT 1 -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbor-advertisement -j ACCEPT 2 # accept RA/RS -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-solicitation -j ACCEPT 3 -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement -j ACCEPT 4
touch <policy_name>.yaml
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: deny-by-default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for:<namespace_name>/<network_name> spec: podSelector: {} policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: []
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-same-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: ingress: - from: - podSelector: {}
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-traffic-pod annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: pod: pod-a policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: matchLabels: kubernetes.io/metadata.name: namespace-y
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: api-allow annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: bookstore role: api ingress: - from: - podSelector: matchLabels: app: bookstore
oc apply -f <policy_name>.yaml -n <namespace>
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/deny-by-default created
oc get multi-networkpolicy
oc apply -n <namespace> -f <policy_file>.yaml
oc edit multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace>
oc describe multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace>
oc get multi-networkpolicy
oc describe multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace>
oc delete multi-networkpolicy <policy_name> -n <namespace>
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/default-deny deleted
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: deny-by-default namespace: default 1 annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <namespace_name>/<network_name> 2 spec: podSelector: {} 3 policyTypes: 4 - Ingress 5 ingress: [] 6
oc apply -f deny-by-default.yaml
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/deny-by-default created
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-external namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: policyTypes: - Ingress podSelector: matchLabels: app: web ingress: - {}
oc apply -f web-allow-external.yaml
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-external created
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-all-namespaces namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: web 1 policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: {} 2
oc apply -f web-allow-all-namespaces.yaml
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-all-namespaces created
oc run web --namespace=default --image=nginx --labels="app=web" --expose --port=80
oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=secondary --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh
wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1beta1 kind: MultiNetworkPolicy metadata: name: web-allow-prod namespace: default annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/policy-for: <network_name> spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: web 1 policyTypes: - Ingress ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: matchLabels: purpose: production 2
oc apply -f web-allow-prod.yaml
multinetworkpolicy.k8s.cni.cncf.io/web-allow-prod created
oc run web --namespace=default --image=nginx --labels="app=web" --expose --port=80
oc create namespace prod
oc label namespace/prod purpose=production
oc create namespace dev
oc label namespace/dev purpose=testing
oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=dev --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh
wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default
wget: download timed out
oc run test-USDRANDOM --namespace=prod --rm -i -t --image=alpine -- sh
wget -qO- --timeout=2 http://web.default
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
oc delete pod <name> -n <namespace>
oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
oc get network-attachment-definitions <network-name> -o yaml
oc get network-attachment-definitions net1 -o go-template='{{printf "%s\n" .spec.config}}' { "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "macvlan", "master": "ens5", "mode": "bridge", "ipam": {"type":"static","routes":[{"dst":"0.0.0.0/0","gw":"10.128.2.1"}],"addresses":[{"address":"10.128.2.100/23","gateway":"10.128.2.1"}],"dns":{"nameservers":["172.30.0.10"],"domain":"us-west-2.compute.internal","search":["us-west-2.compute.internal"]}} }
{ "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "191.168.1.7/24" } ] } }
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: dhcp-shim namespace: default type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "dhcp-shim", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } } #
{ "ipam": { "type": "dhcp" } }
{ "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/27", "exclude": [ "192.0.2.192/30", "192.0.2.196/32" ] } }
{ "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/29", "network_name": "example_net_common", 1 } }
{ "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "range": "192.0.2.192/24", "network_name": "example_net_common", 1 } }
oc edit network.operator.openshift.io cluster
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: whereabouts-shim namespace: default rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "whereabouts-shim", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts" } } type: Raw
oc get all -n openshift-multus | grep whereabouts-reconciler
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-jnp6g 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k76gg 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k86t9 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-p4sxw 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-rvfdv 1/1 Running 0 6s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-svzw9 1/1 Running 0 6s daemonset.apps/whereabouts-reconciler 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 6s
oc create configmap whereabouts-config -n openshift-multus --from-literal=reconciler_cron_expression="*/15 * * * *"
oc get all -n openshift-multus | grep whereabouts-reconciler
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-2p7hw 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-76jk7 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-94zw6 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-mfh68 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-pgshz 1/1 Running 0 4m14s pod/whereabouts-reconciler-xn5xz 1/1 Running 0 4m14s daemonset.apps/whereabouts-reconciler 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 4m16s
oc -n openshift-multus logs whereabouts-reconciler-2p7hw
2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_33_54.1375928161": CREATE 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_33_54.1375928161": CHMOD 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..data_tmp": RENAME 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] using expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] configuration updated to file "/cron-schedule/..data". New cron expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [verbose] successfully updated CRON configuration id "00c2d1c9-631d-403f-bb86-73ad104a6817" - new cron expression: */15 * * * * 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/config": CREATE 2024-02-02T16:33:54Z [debug] event not relevant: "/cron-schedule/..2024_02_02_16_26_17.3874177937": REMOVE 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [verbose] starting reconciler run 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] NewReconcileLooper - inferred connection data 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] listing IP pools 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [debug] no IP addresses to cleanup 2024-02-02T16:45:00Z [verbose] reconciler success
cniVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network =metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: whereabouts-shim namespace: default type: Raw rawCNIConfig: |- { "name": "whereabouts-dual-stack", "cniVersion": "0.3.1, "type": "bridge", "ipam": { "type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [ {"range": "192.168.10.0/24"}, {"range": "2001:db8::/64"} ] } }
oc exec -it mypod -- ip a
oc new-project test-namespace
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1 kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy metadata: name: sriovnic namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator spec: deviceType: netdevice isRdma: false needVhostNet: true nicSelector: vendor: "15b3" 1 deviceID: "101b" 2 rootDevices: ["00:05.0"] numVfs: 10 priority: 99 resourceName: sriovnic nodeSelector: feature.node.kubernetes.io/network-sriov.capable: "true"
oc apply -f sriov-node-network-policy.yaml
apiVersion: sriovnetwork.openshift.io/v1 kind: SriovNetwork metadata: name: sriov-network namespace: openshift-sriov-network-operator spec: networkNamespace: test-namespace resourceName: sriovnic spoofChk: "off" trust: "on"
oc apply -f sriov-network-attachment.yaml
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: vlan-100 namespace: test-namespace spec: config: | { "cniVersion": "0.4.0", "name": "vlan-100", "plugins": [ { "type": "vlan", "master": "ext0", 1 "mtu": 1500, "vlanId": 100, "linkInContainer": true, 2 "ipam": {"type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [{"range": "1.1.1.0/24"}]} } ] }
oc apply -f vlan100-additional-network-configuration.yaml
apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: test-namespace labels: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: privileged pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: privileged security.openshift.io/scc.podSecurityLabelSync: "false" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: nginx-pod namespace: test-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "sriov-network", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0" 1 }, { "name": "vlan-100", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0.100" } ]' spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true containers: - name: nginx-container image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:latest securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: ["ALL"] ports: - containerPort: 80 seccompProfile: type: "RuntimeDefault"
oc apply -f pod-a.yaml
oc describe pods nginx-pod -n test-namespace
Name: nginx-pod Namespace: test-namespace Priority: 0 Node: worker-1/10.46.186.105 Start Time: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 16:23:13 -0400 Labels: <none> Annotations: k8s.ovn.org/pod-networks: {"default":{"ip_addresses":["10.131.0.26/23"],"mac_address":"0a:58:0a:83:00:1a","gateway_ips":["10.131.0.1"],"routes":[{"dest":"10.128.0.0 k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/network-status: [{ "name": "ovn-kubernetes", "interface": "eth0", "ips": [ "10.131.0.26" ], "mac": "0a:58:0a:83:00:1a", "default": true, "dns": {} },{ "name": "test-namespace/sriov-network", "interface": "ext0", "mac": "6e:a7:5e:3f:49:1b", "dns": {}, "device-info": { "type": "pci", "version": "1.0.0", "pci": { "pci-address": "0000:d8:00.2" } } },{ "name": "test-namespace/vlan-100", "interface": "ext0.100", "ips": [ "1.1.1.1" ], "mac": "6e:a7:5e:3f:49:1b", "dns": {} }] k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: [ { "name": "sriov-network", "namespace": "test-namespace", "interface": "ext0" }, { "name": "vlan-100", "namespace": "test-namespace", "i openshift.io/scc: privileged Status: Running IP: 10.131.0.26 IPs: IP: 10.131.0.26
oc new-project test-namespace
apiVersion: "k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1" kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: bridge-network spec: config: '{ "cniVersion": "0.4.0", "name": "bridge-network", "type": "bridge", "bridge": "br-001", "isGateway": true, "ipMasq": true, "hairpinMode": true, "ipam": { "type": "host-local", "subnet": "10.0.0.0/24", "routes": [{"dst": "0.0.0.0/0"}] } }'
oc apply -f bridge-nad.yaml
oc get network-attachment-definitions
NAME AGE bridge-network 15s
apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1 kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition metadata: name: ipvlan-net namespace: test-namespace spec: config: '{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "ipvlan-net", "type": "ipvlan", "master": "ext0", 1 "mode": "l3", "linkInContainer": true, 2 "ipam": {"type": "whereabouts", "ipRanges": [{"range": "10.0.0.0/24"}]} }'
oc apply -f ipvlan-additional-network-configuration.yaml
oc get network-attachment-definitions
NAME AGE bridge-network 87s ipvlan-net 9s
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod-a namespace: test-namespace annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "bridge-network", "interface": "ext0" 1 }, { "name": "ipvlan-net", "interface": "ext1" } ]' spec: securityContext: runAsNonRoot: true seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault containers: - name: test-pod image: quay.io/openshifttest/hello-sdn@sha256:c89445416459e7adea9a5a416b3365ed3d74f2491beb904d61dc8d1eb89a72a4 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false capabilities: drop: [ALL]
oc apply -f pod-a.yaml
oc get pod -n test-namespace
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod-a 1/1 Running 0 2m36s
oc exec -n test-namespace pod-a -- ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth0@if105: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 0a:58:0a:d9:00:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 10.217.0.93/23 brd 10.217.1.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::488b:91ff:fe84:a94b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: ext0@if107: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether be:da:bd:7e:f4:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 10.0.0.2/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ext0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::bcda:bdff:fe7e:f437/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: ext1@ext0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/ether be:da:bd:7e:f4:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.1/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ext1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::beda:bd00:17e:f437/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: [] 1
oc get network-attachment-definition --all-namespaces
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1 kind: Network metadata: name: cluster spec: additionalNetworks: - name: test-network-1 namespace: additional-network-1 type: Raw rawCNIConfig: '{ "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "name": "macvlan-vrf", "plugins": [ 1 { "type": "macvlan", "master": "eth1", "ipam": { "type": "static", "addresses": [ { "address": "191.168.1.23/24" } ] } }, { "type": "vrf", 2 "vrfname": "vrf-1", 3 "table": 1001 4 }] }'
oc create -f additional-network-attachment.yaml
oc get network-attachment-definitions -n <namespace>
NAME AGE additional-network-1 14m
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod-additional-net annotations: k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: '[ { "name": "test-network-1" 1 } ]' spec: containers: - name: example-pod-1 command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "sleep 9000000"] image: centos:8
oc create -f pod-additional-net.yaml
pod/test-pod created
ip vrf show
Name Table ----------------------- vrf-1 1001
ip link
5: net1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master red state UP mode