Chapter 8. Technology Previews This part provides a list of all Technology Previews available in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4. For information on Red Hat scope of support for Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope . 8.1. Installer and image creation Red Hat Connector available as a Technology Preview You can now connect to a RHEL system with a single command to consume Red Hat Insights and your subscription content. Available as a Technology Preview in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4, the Red Hat connector ( rhc ) CLI unifies the registration experience and eliminates the need to separately run the subscription-manager and insights-client commands to connect to Red Hat. With Red Hat connector and a Smart Management subscription, you can also remediate issues directly from the cloud. For more information, see the Remote Host Configuration and Management . ( BZ#1957316 ) 8.2. Networking Introducing bareudp device support for encapsulating MPLS traffic over UDP tunnel as a Technology Preview The support for bareudp devices is now available with the ip link command as a Technology Preview. The bareudp devices provide L3 encapsulation tunnelling support for routing traffic with different L3 protocols, such as unicast and multicast multi protocol label switching (MPLS) and IPv4/IPv6 inside the UDP tunnel. You can start routing MPLS packets in UDP with the help of adding tc filters and actions. For example, to create a new bareudp device, use the following command: To route MPLS incoming packets in UDP tunnel using the bareudp0 device, use the following command: For more information about options and parameters used while creating bareudp devices, refer to the Bareudp Type Support section in the ip-link(8) man page. ( BZ#1849815 ) AF_XDP available as a Technology Preview Address Family eXpress Data Path ( AF_XDP ) socket is designed for high-performance packet processing. It accompanies XDP and grants efficient redirection of programmatically selected packets to user space applications for further processing. (BZ#1633143) KTLS available as a Technology Preview In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, Kernel Transport Layer Security (KTLS) is provided as a Technology Preview. KTLS handles TLS records using the symmetric encryption or decryption algorithms in the kernel for the AES-GCM cipher. KTLS also provides the interface for offloading TLS record encryption to Network Interface Controllers (NICs) that support this functionality. (BZ#1570255) XDP features that are available as Technology Preview Red Hat provides the usage of the following eXpress Data Path (XDP) features as unsupported Technology Preview: Loading XDP programs on architectures other than AMD and Intel 64-bit. Note that the libxdp library is not available for architectures other than AMD and Intel 64-bit. The XDP hardware offloading. ( BZ#1889737 ) Multi-protocol Label Switching for TC available as a Technology Preview The Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an in-kernel data-forwarding mechanism to route traffic flow across enterprise networks. In an MPLS network, the router that receives packets decides the further route of the packets based on the labels attached to the packet. With the usage of labels, the MPLS network has the ability to handle packets with particular characteristics. For example, you can add tc filters for managing packets received from specific ports or carrying specific types of traffic, in a consistent way. After packets enter the enterprise network, MPLS routers perform multiple operations on the packets, such as push to add a label, swap to update a label, and pop to remove a label. MPLS allows defining actions locally based on one or multiple labels in RHEL. You can configure routers and set traffic control ( tc ) filters to take appropriate actions on the packets based on the MPLS label stack entry ( lse ) elements, such as label , traffic class , bottom of stack , and time to live . For example, the following command adds a filter to the enp0s1 network interface to match incoming packets having the first label 12323 and the second label 45832 . On matching packets, the following actions are taken: the first MPLS TTL is decremented (packet is dropped if TTL reaches 0) the first MPLS label is changed to 549386 the resulting packet is transmitted over enp0s2 , with destination MAC address 00:00:5E:00:53:01 and source MAC address 00:00:5E:00:53:02 (BZ#1814836, BZ#1856415 ) act_mpls module available as a Technology Preview The act_mpls module is now available in the kernel-modules-extra rpm as a Technology Preview. The module allows the application of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) actions with Traffic Control (TC) filters, for example, push and pop MPLS label stack entries with TC filters. The module also allows the Label, Traffic Class, Bottom of Stack, and Time to Live fields to be set independently. (BZ#1839311) Improved Multipath TCP support is available as a Technology Preview Multipath TCP (MPTCP) improves resource usage within the network and resilience to network failure. For example, with Multipath TCP on the RHEL server, smartphones with MPTCP v1 enabled can connect to an application running on the server and switch between Wi-Fi and cellular networks without interrupting the connection to the server. RHEL 8.4 offers additional features, such as: Multiple concurrent active substreams Active-backup support Improved stream performances Better memory usage, with receive and send buffer auto-tuning SYN cookie support Note that either the applications running on the server must natively support MPTCP or administrators must load an eBPF program into the kernel to dynamically change IPPROTO_TCP to IPPROTO_MPTCP . For further details see, Getting started with Multipath TCP . (JIRA:RHELPLAN-57712) The systemd-resolved service is now available as a Technology Preview The systemd-resolved service provides name resolution to local applications. The service implements a caching and validating DNS stub resolver, an Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR), and Multicast DNS resolver and responder. Note that, even if the systemd package provides systemd-resolved , this service is an unsupported Technology Preview. ( BZ#1906489 ) The nispor package is now available as a Technology Preview The nispor package is now available as a Technology Preview, which is a unified interface for Linux network state querying. It provides a unified way to query all running network status through the python and C api, and rust crate. nispor works as the dependency in the nmstate tool. You can install the nispor package as a dependency of nmstate or as an individual package. To install nispor as an individual package, enter: To install nispor as a dependency of nmstate , enter: nispor is listed as the dependency. For more information on using nispor , refer to /usr/share/doc/nispor/README.md file. (BZ#1848817) 8.3. Kernel The kexec fast reboot feature is available as Technology Preview The kexec fast reboot feature continues to be available as a Technology Preview. kexec fast reboot significantly speeds the boot process by allowing the kernel to boot directly into the second kernel without passing through the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) first. To use this feature: Load the kexec kernel manually. Reboot the operating system. ( BZ#1769727 ) The accel-config package available as a Technology Preview The accel-config package is now available on Intel EM64T and AMD64 architectures for RHEL 8.4 as a Technology Preview. This package helps in controlling and configuring data-streaming accelerator (DSA) sub-system in the Linux Kernel. Also, it configures devices via sysfs (pseudo-filesystem), saves and loads the configuration in the json format. (BZ#1843266) SGX available as a Technology Preview Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is an Intel(R) technology for protecting software code and data from disclosure and modification. This release initiates the kernel support for SGX v1 and v1.5. The version 1 enables platforms using the Flexible Launch Control mechanism to use the SGX technology. (BZ#1660337) eBPF available as a Technology Preview Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is an in-kernel virtual machine that allows code execution in the kernel space, in the restricted sandbox environment with access to a limited set of functions. The virtual machine includes a new system call bpf() , which supports creating various types of maps, and also allows to load programs in a special assembly-like code. The code is then loaded to the kernel and translated to the native machine code with just-in-time compilation. Note that the bpf() syscall can be successfully used only by a user with the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability, such as the root user. See the bpf(2) manual page for more information. The loaded programs can be attached onto a variety of points (sockets, tracepoints, packet reception) to receive and process data. There are numerous components shipped by Red Hat that utilize the eBPF virtual machine. Each component is in a different development phase, and thus not all components are currently fully supported. All components are available as a Technology Preview, unless a specific component is indicated as supported. The following notable eBPF components are currently available as a Technology Preview: bpftrace , a high-level tracing language that utilizes the eBPF virtual machine. AF_XDP , a socket for connecting the eXpress Data Path (XDP) path to user space for applications that prioritize packet processing performance. (BZ#1559616) The data streaming accelerator driver for kernel is available as a Technology Preview The data streaming accelerator (DSA) driver for the kernel is currently available as a Technology Preview. DSA is an Intel CPU integrated accelerator and supports a shared work queue with process address space ID (pasid) submission and shared virtual memory (SVM). (BZ#1837187) Soft-RoCE available as a Technology Preview Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) is a network protocol which implements RDMA over Ethernet. Soft-RoCE is the software implementation of RoCE which supports two protocol versions, RoCE v1 and RoCE v2. The Soft-RoCE driver, rdma_rxe , is available as an unsupported Technology Preview in RHEL 8. (BZ#1605216) 8.4. File systems and storage NVMe/TCP is available as a Technology Preview Accessing and sharing Nonvolatile Memory Express (NVMe) storage over TCP/IP networks (NVMe/TCP) and its corresponding nvme-tcp.ko and nvmet-tcp.ko kernel modules have been added as a Technology Preview. The use of NVMe/TCP as either a storage client or a target is manageable with tools provided by the nvme-cli and nvmetcli packages. The NVMe/TCP target Technology Preview is included only for testing purposes and is not currently planned for full support. (BZ#1696451) File system DAX is now available for ext4 and XFS as a Technology Preview In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, file system DAX is available as a Technology Preview. DAX provides a means for an application to directly map persistent memory into its address space. To use DAX, a system must have some form of persistent memory available, usually in the form of one or more Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Modules (NVDIMMs), and a file system that supports DAX must be created on the NVDIMM(s). Also, the file system must be mounted with the dax mount option. Then, an mmap of a file on the dax-mounted file system results in a direct mapping of storage into the application's address space. (BZ#1627455) OverlayFS OverlayFS is a type of union file system. It enables you to overlay one file system on top of another. Changes are recorded in the upper file system, while the lower file system remains unmodified. This allows multiple users to share a file-system image, such as a container or a DVD-ROM, where the base image is on read-only media. OverlayFS remains a Technology Preview under most circumstances. As such, the kernel logs warnings when this technology is activated. Full support is available for OverlayFS when used with supported container engines ( podman , cri-o , or buildah ) under the following restrictions: OverlayFS is supported for use only as a container engine graph driver or other specialized use cases, such as squashed kdump initramfs. Its use is supported primarily for container COW content, not for persistent storage. You must place any persistent storage on non-OverlayFS volumes. You can use only the default container engine configuration: one level of overlay, one lowerdir, and both lower and upper levels are on the same file system. Only XFS is currently supported for use as a lower layer file system. Additionally, the following rules and limitations apply to using OverlayFS: The OverlayFS kernel ABI and user-space behavior are not considered stable, and might change in future updates. OverlayFS provides a restricted set of the POSIX standards. Test your application thoroughly before deploying it with OverlayFS. The following cases are not POSIX-compliant: Lower files opened with O_RDONLY do not receive st_atime updates when the files are read. Lower files opened with O_RDONLY , then mapped with MAP_SHARED are inconsistent with subsequent modification. Fully compliant st_ino or d_ino values are not enabled by default on RHEL 8, but you can enable full POSIX compliance for them with a module option or mount option. To get consistent inode numbering, use the xino=on mount option. You can also use the redirect_dir=on and index=on options to improve POSIX compliance. These two options make the format of the upper layer incompatible with an overlay without these options. That is, you might get unexpected results or errors if you create an overlay with redirect_dir=on or index=on , unmount the overlay, then mount the overlay without these options. To determine whether an existing XFS file system is eligible for use as an overlay, use the following command and see if the ftype=1 option is enabled: SELinux security labels are enabled by default in all supported container engines with OverlayFS. Several known issues are associated with OverlayFS in this release. For details, see Non-standard behavior in the Linux kernel documentation . For more information about OverlayFS, see the Linux kernel documentation . (BZ#1690207) Stratis is now available as a Technology Preview Stratis is a new local storage manager. It provides managed file systems on top of pools of storage with additional features to the user. Stratis enables you to more easily perform storage tasks such as: Manage snapshots and thin provisioning Automatically grow file system sizes as needed Maintain file systems To administer Stratis storage, use the stratis utility, which communicates with the stratisd background service. Stratis is provided as a Technology Preview. For more information, see the Stratis documentation: Setting up Stratis file systems . RHEL 8.3 updated Stratis to version 2.1.0. For more information, see Stratis 2.1.0 Release Notes . (JIRA:RHELPLAN-1212) IdM now supports setting up a Samba server on an IdM domain member as a Technology Preview With this update, you can now set up a Samba server on an Identity Management (IdM) domain member. The new ipa-client-samba utility provided by the same-named package adds a Samba-specific Kerberos service principal to IdM and prepares the IdM client. For example, the utility creates the /etc/samba/smb.conf with the ID mapping configuration for the sss ID mapping back end. As a result, administrators can now set up Samba on an IdM domain member. Due to IdM Trust Controllers not supporting the Global Catalog Service, AD-enrolled Windows hosts cannot find IdM users and groups in Windows. Additionally, IdM Trust Controllers do not support resolving IdM groups using the Distributed Computing Environment / Remote Procedure Calls (DCE/RPC) protocols. As a consequence, AD users can only access the Samba shares and printers from IdM clients. For details, see Setting up Samba on an IdM domain member . (JIRA:RHELPLAN-13195) 8.5. High availability and clusters Local mode version of pcs cluster setup command available as a Technology Preview By default, the pcs cluster setup command automatically synchronizes all configuration files to the cluster nodes. Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3, the pcs cluster setup command provides the --corosync-conf option as a Technology Preview. Specifying this option switches the command to local mode. In this mode, pcs creates a corosync.conf file and saves it to a specified file on the local node only, without communicating with any other node. This allows you to create a corosync.conf file in a script and handle that file by means of the script. ( BZ#1839637 ) Pacemaker podman bundles available as a Technology Preview Pacemaker container bundles now run on Podman, with the container bundle feature being available as a Technology Preview. There is one exception to this feature being Technology Preview: Red Hat fully supports the use of Pacemaker bundles for Red Hat Openstack. (BZ#1619620) Heuristics in corosync-qdevice available as a Technology Preview Heuristics are a set of commands executed locally on startup, cluster membership change, successful connect to corosync-qnetd , and, optionally, on a periodic basis. When all commands finish successfully on time (their return error code is zero), heuristics have passed; otherwise, they have failed. The heuristics result is sent to corosync-qnetd where it is used in calculations to determine which partition should be quorate. ( BZ#1784200 ) New fence-agents-heuristics-ping fence agent As a Technology Preview, Pacemaker now supports the fence_heuristics_ping agent. This agent aims to open a class of experimental fence agents that do no actual fencing by themselves but instead exploit the behavior of fencing levels in a new way. If the heuristics agent is configured on the same fencing level as the fence agent that does the actual fencing but is configured before that agent in sequence, fencing issues an off action on the heuristics agent before it attempts to do so on the agent that does the fencing. If the heuristics agent gives a negative result for the off action it is already clear that the fencing level is not going to succeed, causing Pacemaker fencing to skip the step of issuing the off action on the agent that does the fencing. A heuristics agent can exploit this behavior to prevent the agent that does the actual fencing from fencing a node under certain conditions. A user might want to use this agent, especially in a two-node cluster, when it would not make sense for a node to fence the peer if it can know beforehand that it would not be able to take over the services properly. For example, it might not make sense for a node to take over services if it has problems reaching the networking uplink, making the services unreachable to clients, a situation which a ping to a router might detect in that case. (BZ#1775847) 8.6. Identity Management Identity Management JSON-RPC API available as Technology Preview An API is available for Identity Management (IdM). To view the API, IdM also provides an API browser as a Technology Preview. Previously, the IdM API was enhanced to enable multiple versions of API commands. These enhancements could change the behavior of a command in an incompatible way. Users are now able to continue using existing tools and scripts even if the IdM API changes. This enables: Administrators to use or later versions of IdM on the server than on the managing client. Developers can use a specific version of an IdM call, even if the IdM version changes on the server. In all cases, the communication with the server is possible, regardless if one side uses, for example, a newer version that introduces new options for a feature. For details on using the API, see Using the Identity Management API to Communicate with the IdM Server (TECHNOLOGY PREVIEW) . ( BZ#1664719 ) DNSSEC available as Technology Preview in IdM Identity Management (IdM) servers with integrated DNS now support DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), a set of extensions to DNS that enhance security of the DNS protocol. DNS zones hosted on IdM servers can be automatically signed using DNSSEC. The cryptographic keys are automatically generated and rotated. Users who decide to secure their DNS zones with DNSSEC are advised to read and follow these documents: DNSSEC Operational Practices, Version 2: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6781#section-2 Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide: http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-81-2 DNSSEC Key Rollover Timing Considerations: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7583 Note that IdM servers with integrated DNS use DNSSEC to validate DNS answers obtained from other DNS servers. This might affect the availability of DNS zones that are not configured in accordance with recommended naming practices. ( BZ#1664718 ) ACME available as a Technology Preview The Automated Certificate Management Environment (ACME) service is now available in Identity Management (IdM) as a Technology Preview. ACME is a protocol for automated identifier validation and certificate issuance. Its goal is to improve security by reducing certificate lifetimes and avoiding manual processes from certificate lifecycle management. In RHEL, the ACME service uses the Red Hat Certificate System (RHCS) PKI ACME responder. The RHCS ACME subsystem is automatically deployed on every certificate authority (CA) server in the IdM deployment, but it does not service requests until the administrator enables it. RHCS uses the acmeIPAServerCert profile when issuing ACME certificates. The validity period of issued certificates is 90 days. Enabling or disabling the ACME service affects the entire IdM deployment. Important It is recommended to enable ACME only in an IdM deployment where all servers are running RHEL 8.4 or later. Earlier RHEL versions do not include the ACME service, which can cause problems in mixed-version deployments. For example, a CA server without ACME can cause client connections to fail, because it uses a different DNS Subject Alternative Name (SAN). Warning Currently, RHCS does not remove expired certificates. Because ACME certificates expire after 90 days, the expired certificates can accumulate and this can affect performance. To enable ACME across the whole IdM deployment, use the ipa-acme-manage enable command: To disable ACME across the whole IdM deployment, use the ipa-acme-manage disable command: To check whether the ACME service is installed and if it is enabled or disabled, use the ipa-acme-manage status command: (JIRA:RHELPLAN-58596) 8.7. Desktop GNOME for the 64-bit ARM architecture available as a Technology Preview The GNOME desktop environment is now available for the 64-bit ARM architecture as a Technology Preview. This enables administrators to configure and manage servers from a graphical user interface (GUI) remotely, using the VNC session. As a consequence, new administration applications are available on the 64-bit ARM architecture. For example: Disk Usage Analyzer ( baobab ), Firewall Configuration ( firewall-config ), Red Hat Subscription Manager ( subscription-manager ), or the Firefox web browser. Using Firefox , administrators can connect to the local Cockpit daemon remotely. (JIRA:RHELPLAN-27394, BZ#1667225, BZ#1667516, BZ#1724302 ) GNOME desktop on IBM Z is available as a Technology Preview The GNOME desktop, including the Firefox web browser, is now available as a Technology Preview on the IBM Z architecture. You can now connect to a remote graphical session running GNOME using VNC to configure and manage your IBM Z servers. (JIRA:RHELPLAN-27737) 8.8. Graphics infrastructures VNC remote console available as a Technology Preview for the 64-bit ARM architecture On the 64-bit ARM architecture, the Virtual Network Computing (VNC) remote console is available as a Technology Preview. Note that the rest of the graphics stack is currently unverified for the 64-bit ARM architecture. (BZ#1698565) Intel Tiger Lake graphics available as a Technology Preview Intel Tiger Lake UP3 and UP4 Xe graphics are now available as a Technology Preview. To enable hardware acceleration with Intel Tiger Lake graphics, add the following option on the kernel command line: In this option, replace pci-id with one of the following: The PCI ID of your Intel GPU The * character to enable the i915 driver with all alpha-quality hardware (BZ#1783396) 8.9. Red Hat Enterprise Linux system roles HA Cluster RHEL system role available as a Technology Preview The High Availability Cluster (HA Cluster) role is now available as a Technology Preview. Currently, the following notable configurations are available: Configuring clusters running no fencing and no resources Configuring multi-link clusters Configuring custom cluster names and node names Configuring whether clusters start automatically on boot ( BZ#1893743 ) The postfix role of RHEL system roles available as a Technology Preview Red Hat Enterprise Linux system roles provides a configuration interface for Red Hat Enterprise Linux subsystems, which makes system configuration easier through the inclusion of Ansible Roles. This interface enables managing system configurations across multiple versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, as well as adopting new major releases. The rhel-system-roles packages are distributed through the AppStream repository. The postfix role is available as a Technology Preview. The following roles are fully supported: kdump network selinux storage timesync For more information, see the Knowledgebase article about RHEL system roles . ( BZ#1812552 ) 8.10. Virtualization KVM virtualization is usable in RHEL 8 Hyper-V virtual machines As a Technology Preview, nested KVM virtualization can now be used on the Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor. As a result, you can create virtual machines on a RHEL 8 guest system running on a Hyper-V host. Note that currently, this feature only works on Intel systems. In addition, nested virtualization is in some cases not enabled by default on Hyper-V. To enable it, see the following Microsoft documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/user-guide/nested-virtualization (BZ#1519039) AMD SEV for KVM virtual machines As a Technology Preview, RHEL 8 provides the Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) feature for AMD EPYC host machines that use the KVM hypervisor. If enabled on a virtual machine (VM), SEV encrypts VM memory so that the host cannot access data on the VM. This increases the security of the VM if the host is successfully infected by malware. Note that the number of VMs that can use this feature at a time on a single host is determined by the host hardware. Current AMD EPYC processors support up to 509 running VMs using SEV. Also note that for VMs with SEV configured to be able to boot, you must also configure the VM with a hard memory limit. To do so, add the following to the VM's XML configuration: The recommended value for N is equal to or greater then the guest RAM + 256 MiB. For example, if the guest is assigned 2 GiB RAM, N should be 2359296 or greater. (BZ#1501618, BZ#1501607, JIRA:RHELPLAN-7677) Intel vGPU As a Technology Preview, it is now possible to divide a physical Intel GPU device into multiple virtual devices referred to as mediated devices . These mediated devices can then be assigned to multiple virtual machines (VMs) as virtual GPUs. As a result, these VMs share the performance of a single physical Intel GPU. Note that only selected Intel GPUs are compatible with the vGPU feature. In addition, it is possible to enable a VNC console operated by Intel vGPU. By enabling it, users can connect to a VNC console of the VM and see the VM's desktop hosted by Intel vGPU. However, this currently only works for RHEL guest operating systems. (BZ#1528684) Creating nested virtual machines Nested KVM virtualization is provided as a Technology Preview for KVM virtual machines (VMs) running on Intel, AMD64, and IBM Z systems hosts with RHEL 8. With this feature, a RHEL 7 or RHEL 8 VM that runs on a physical RHEL 8 host can act as a hypervisor, and host its own VMs. (JIRA:RHELPLAN-14047, JIRA:RHELPLAN-24437) Select Intel network adapters now support SR-IOV in RHEL guests on Hyper-V As a Technology Preview, Red Hat Enterprise Linux guest operating systems running on a Hyper-V hypervisor can now use the single-root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) feature for Intel network adapters supported by the ixgbevf and iavf drivers. This feature is enabled when the following conditions are met: SR-IOV support is enabled for the network interface controller (NIC) SR-IOV support is enabled for the virtual NIC SR-IOV support is enabled for the virtual switch The virtual function (VF) from the NIC is attached to the virtual machine The feature is currently supported with Microsoft Windows Server 2019 and 2016. (BZ#1348508) ESXi hypervisor and SEV-ES available as a Technology Preview for RHEL VMs As a Technology Preview, in RHEL 8.4 and later, you can enable the AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization-Encrypted State (SEV-ES) to secure RHEL virtual machines (VMs) on VMware's ESXi hypervisor, versions 7.0.2 and later. (BZ#1904496) 8.11. Containers CNI plugins are available in Podman as a Technology Preview CNI plugins are now available to use in Podman rootless mode as a Technology Preview. To enable this feature, users are required to build their own rootless CNI infrastructure container image. ( BZ#1932083 ) The crun is available as a Technology Preview The crun OCI runtime is now available for the container-tools:rhel8 module as a Technology Preview. The crun container runtime supports an annotation that allows the container to access the rootless user's additional groups. This is useful for volume mounting in a directory where setgid is set, or where the user only has group access. Currently, neither the crun or runc runtimes fully support cgroupsv2 . (BZ#1841438) A podman container image is available as a Technology Preview The registry.redhat.io/rhel8/podman container image is a containerized implementation of the podman package. The podman tool is used for managing containers and images, volumes mounted into those containers, and pods made of groups of containers. (JIRA:RHELPLAN-56659) The podman-machine command is unsupported The podman-machine command for managing virtual machines, is available only as a Technology Preview. Instead, run Podman directly from the command line. (JIRA:RHELDOCS-16861)

Commands:
ip link add dev bareudp0 type bareudp dstport 6635 ethertype mpls_uc
tc qdisc add dev enp1s0 ingress tc filter add dev enp1s0 ingress proto mpls_uc matchall > action tunnel_key set src_ip 2001:db8::22 dst_ip 2001:db8::21 id 0 > action mirred egress redirect dev bareudp0
tc filter add dev enp0s1 ingress protocol mpls_uc flower mpls lse depth 1 label 12323 lse depth 2 label 45832 action mpls dec_ttl pipe action mpls modify label 549386 pipe action pedit ex munge eth dst set 00:00:5E:00:53:01 pipe action pedit ex munge eth src set 00:00:5E:00:53:02 pipe action mirred egress redirect dev enp0s2
yum install nispor
yum install nmstate
xfs_info /mount-point | grep ftype
ipa-acme-manage enable The ipa-acme-manage command was successful
ipa-acme-manage disable The ipa-acme-manage command was successful
ipa-acme-manage status ACME is enabled The ipa-acme-manage command was successful
i915.force_probe= pci-id
<memtune> <hard_limit unit='KiB'>N</hard_limit> </memtune>