Index Symbols /etc/fstab file mounting file systems with, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab updating, Updating /etc/fstab /etc/group file group, role in, /etc/group user account, role in, /etc/group /etc/gshadow file group, role in, /etc/gshadow user account, role in, /etc/gshadow /etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab /etc/passwd file group, role in, /etc/passwd user account, role in, /etc/passwd /etc/shadow file group, role in, /etc/shadow user account, role in, /etc/shadow /proc/mdstat file, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat /proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts A abuse, resource, What Barriers Are in Place To Prevent Abuse of Resources account (see user account) ATA disk drive adding, Adding ATA Disk Drives automation, Automation overview of, Automate Everything B backups AMANDA backup software, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (AMANDA) building software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build buying software, Backup Software: Buy Versus Build data-related issues surrounding, Different Data: Different Backup Needs introduction to, Backups media types, Backup Media disk, Disk network, Network tape, Tape restoration issues, Restoration Issues bare metal restorations, Restoring From Bare Metal testing restoration, Testing Backups schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule storage of, Storage of Backups technologies used, Backup Technologies cpio, cpio dump, dump/restore: Not Recommended for Mounted File Systems! tar, tar types of, Types of Backups differential backups, Differential Backups full backups, Full Backups incremental backups, Incremental Backups bandwidth-related resources (see resources, system, bandwidth) bash shell, automation and, Automation business, knowledge of, Know Your Business C cache memory, Cache Memory capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity CD-ROM file system (see ISO 9660 file system) centralized home directory, Home Directories chage command, User Account and Group Applications change control, Change Control chfn command, User Account and Group Applications chgrp command, File Permission Applications chmod command, File Permission Applications chown command, File Permission Applications chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications color laser printers, Color Laser Printers communication necessity of, Communicate as Much as Possible Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Documentation and Communication CPU power (see resources, system, processing power) D daisy-wheel printers (see impact printers) data shared access to, Who Can Access Shared Data , Where Users Access Shared Data global ownership issues, Global Ownership Issues device alternative to device names, Alternatives to Device File Names device names, alternatives to, Alternatives to Device File Names devlabel, naming with, Using devlabel file names, Device Files file system labels, File System Labels labels, file system, File System Labels naming convention, Device Naming Conventions naming with devlabel, Using devlabel partition, Partition type, Device Type unit, Unit whole-device access, Whole-Device Access devlabel, Using devlabel df command, Issuing the df Command disaster planning, Planning for Disaster power, backup, Backup Power generator, Providing Power For the Few Hours (and Beyond) motor-generator set, Providing Power For the Few Seconds outages, extended, Planning for Extended Outages UPS, Providing Power For the Few Minutes types of disasters, Types of Disasters air conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning application failures, Application Failures building integrity, Building Integrity electrical, Electricity electricity, quality of, Power Quality electricity, security of, The Security of Your Power environmental failures, Environmental Failures hardware failures, Hardware Failures heating, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning human errors, Human Errors HVAC, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning improper repairs, Improperly-Repaired Hardware improperly-used applications, Improper Use of Applications maintenance-related errors, Mistakes Made During Maintenance misconfiguration errors, Misconfiguration Errors mistakes during procedures, Mistakes Made During Procedures operating system crashes, Crashes operating system failures, Operating System Failures operating system hangs, Hangs operator errors, Operations Personnel Errors procedural errors, Failure to Follow Procedures service technician errors, Service Technician Errors software failures, Software Failures system administrator errors, System Administrator Errors user errors, End-User Errors ventilation, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning weather-related, Weather and the Outside World disaster recovery backup site, Backup Sites: Cold, Warm, and Hot network connectivity to, Network Connectivity to the Backup Site staffing of, Backup Site Staffing backups, availability of, Availability of Backups end of, Moving Back Toward Normalcy hardware availability, Hardware and Software Availability introduction to, Disaster Recovery plan, creating, testing, implementing, Creating, Testing, and Implementing a Disaster Recovery Plan software availability, Hardware and Software Availability disk drives, Hard Drives disk quotas enabling, Enabling Disk Quotas introduction to, Implementing Disk Quotas management of, Managing Disk Quotas overview of, Some Background on Disk Quotas block usage tracking, Tracks Disk Block Usage file-system specific, Per-File-System Implementation grace period, Grace Periods group specific, Per-Group Space Accounting hard limits, Hard Limits inode usage tracking, Tracks Disk Inode Usage soft limits, Soft Limits user specific, Per-User Space Accounting disk space (see storage) documentation Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Documentation and Communication documentation, necessity of, Document Everything dot-matrix printers (see impact printers) E engineering, social, The Risks of Social Engineering execute permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions EXT2 file system, EXT2 EXT3 file system, EXT3 F file names device, Device Files file system labels, File System Labels free command, free , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information G GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs gnome-system-monitor command, The GNOME System Monitor -- A Graphical top gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications group files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups /etc/group, /etc/group /etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow /etc/passwd, /etc/passwd /etc/shadow, /etc/shadow GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs management of, Managing User Accounts and Resource Access permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions shared data access using, Shared Groups and Data structure, determining, Determining Group Structure system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications gpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications grpck command, User Account and Group Applications UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs group ID (see GID) groupadd command, User Account and Group Applications groupdel command, User Account and Group Applications groupmod command, User Account and Group Applications grpck command, User Account and Group Applications H hard drives, Hard Drives hardware failures of, Hardware Failures service contracts, Service Contracts availability of parts, Parts Availability budget for, Available Budget coverage hours, Hours of Coverage depot service, Depot Service drop-off service, Depot Service hardware covered, Hardware to be Covered on-site technician, Zero Response Time -- Having an On-Site Technician response time, Response Time walk-in service, Depot Service skills necessary to repair, Having the Skills spares keeping, Keeping Spare Hardware stock, quantities, How Much to Stock? stock, selection of, What to Stock? swapping hardware, Spares That Are Not Spares home directory centralized, Home Directories I IDE interface overview of, IDE/ATA impact printers, Impact Printers consumables, Impact Printer Consumables daisy-wheel, Impact Printers dot-matrix, Impact Printers line, Impact Printers inkjet printers, Inkjet Printers consumables, Inkjet Consumables intrusion detection systems, Security iostat command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools , Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO 9660 file system, ISO 9660 L laser printers, Laser Printers color, Color Laser Printers consumables, Laser Printer Consumables line printers (see impact printers) logical volume management (see LVM) LVM contrasted with RAID, With LVM, Why Use RAID? data migration, Data Migration logical volume resizing, Logical Volume Resizing migration, data, Data Migration overview of, Logical Volume Management resizing, logical volume, Logical Volume Resizing storage grouping, Physical Storage Grouping M managing printers, Printers and Printing memory monitoring of, Monitoring Memory resource utilization of, Physical and Virtual Memory virtual memory, Basic Virtual Memory Concepts backing store, Backing Store -- the Central Tenet of Virtual Memory overview of, Virtual Memory in Simple Terms page faults, Page Faults performance of, Virtual Memory Performance Implications performance, best case, Best Case Performance Scenario performance, worst case, Worst Case Performance Scenario swapping, Swapping virtual address space, Virtual Memory: The Details working set, The Working Set monitoring resources, Resource Monitoring system performance, System Performance Monitoring monitoring statistics bandwidth-related, Monitoring Bandwidth CPU-related, Monitoring CPU Power memory-related, Monitoring Memory selection of, What to Monitor? storage-related, Monitoring Storage mount points (see storage, file system, mount point) mounting file systems (see storage, file system, mounting) mpstat command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools MSDOS file system, MSDOS N NFS, NFS O OProfile, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , OProfile P page description languages (PDL), Printer Languages and Technologies Interpress, Printer Languages and Technologies PCL, Printer Languages and Technologies PostScript, Printer Languages and Technologies page faults, Page Faults PAM, Security partition, Partition attributes of, Partition Attributes geometry, Geometry type, Partition Type type field, Partition Type Field creation of, Partitioning , Partitioning extended, Extended Partitions logical, Logical Partitions overview of, Partitions/Slices primary, Primary Partitions passwd command, User Account and Group Applications password, Passwords aging, Password Aging big character set used in, Expanded Character Set longer, Longer Passwords memorable, Memorable personal info used in, Personal Information repeatedly used, The Same Password for Multiple Systems shortness of, Short Passwords small character set used in, Limited Character Set strong, Strong Passwords weak, Weak Passwords word tricks used in, Simple Word Tricks words used in, Recognizable Words written, Passwords on Paper perl, automation and, Automation permissions, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions tools for managing chgrp command, File Permission Applications chmod command, File Permission Applications chown command, File Permission Applications philosophy of system administration, The Philosophy of System Administration physical memory (see memory) planning, importance of, Plan Ahead Pluggable Authentication Modules (see PAM) printers additional resources, Additional Resources color, Inkjet Printers CMYK, Inkjet Printers inkjet, Inkjet Printers laser, Color Laser Printers considerations, Printing Considerations duplex, Function languages (see page description languages (PDL)) local, Networked Versus Local Printers managing, Printers and Printing networked, Networked Versus Local Printers types, Types of Printers color laser, Color Laser Printers daisy-wheel, Impact Printers dot-matrix, Impact Printers dye-sublimation, Other Printer Types impact, Impact Printers inkjet, Inkjet Printers laser, Laser Printers line, Impact Printers solid ink, Other Printer Types thermal wax, Other Printer Types processing power, resources related to (see resources, system, processing power) Q quota, disk (see disk quotas) R RAID arrays management of, Day to Day Management of RAID Arrays raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array rebuilding, Rebuilding a RAID array status, checking, Checking Array Status With /proc/mdstat arrays, creating, Creating RAID Arrays after installation time, After Red Hat Enterprise Linux Has Been Installed at installation time, While Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux contrasted with LVM, With LVM, Why Use RAID? creating arrays (see RAID, arrays, creating) implementations of, RAID Implementations hardware RAID, Hardware RAID software RAID, Software RAID introduction to, RAID-Based Storage levels of, RAID Levels nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels RAID 0, RAID 0 RAID 0, advantages of, RAID 0 RAID 0, disadvantages of, RAID 0 RAID 1, RAID 1 RAID 1, advantages of, RAID 1 RAID 1, disadvantages of, RAID 1 RAID 5, RAID 5 RAID 5, advantages of, RAID 5 RAID 5, disadvantages of, RAID 5 nested RAID, Nested RAID Levels overview of, Basic Concepts raidhotadd command, use of, Rebuilding a RAID array RAM, Main Memory -- RAM read permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions recursion (see recursion) Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information automation, Automation backup technologies AMANDA, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (AMANDA) cpio, cpio dump, dump/restore: Not Recommended for Mounted File Systems! tar, tar backups technologies overview of, Backup Technologies bash shell, Automation communication, Documentation and Communication disaster recovery, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information documentation, Documentation and Communication intrusion detection systems, Security PAM, Security perl, Automation resource monitoring bandwidth, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information CPU power, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information memory, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information resource monitoring tools, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information free, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information iostat, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux OProfile, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information sar, Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information Sysstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information top, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux vmstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information RPM, Security security, Security shell scripts, Automation software support, Software Support support, software, Software Support resource abuse, What Barriers Are in Place To Prevent Abuse of Resources resource monitoring, Resource Monitoring bandwidth, Monitoring Bandwidth capacity planning, Monitoring System Capacity concepts behind, Basic Concepts CPU power, Monitoring CPU Power memory, Monitoring Memory storage, Monitoring Storage system capacity, Monitoring System Capacity system performance, System Performance Monitoring tools free, free GNOME System Monitor, The GNOME System Monitor -- A Graphical top iostat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools mpstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools OProfile, OProfile sa1, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sa2, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sadc, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sar, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools , The sar command Sysstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools top, top vmstat, vmstat tools used, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information what to monitor, What to Monitor? resources, importance of, Know Your Resources resources, system bandwidth, Bandwidth and Processing Power buses role in, Buses buses, examples of, Examples of Buses capacity, increasing, Increase the Capacity datapaths, examples of, Examples of Datapaths datapaths, role in, Datapaths load, reducing, Reduce the Load load, spreading, Spread the Load monitoring of, Monitoring Bandwidth overview of, Bandwidth problems related to, Potential Bandwidth-Related Problems solutions to problems with, Potential Bandwidth-Related Solutions memory (see memory) processing power, Bandwidth and Processing Power application overhead, reducing, Reducing Application Overhead application use of, Applications applications, eliminating, Eliminating Applications Entirely capacity, increasing, Increasing the Capacity consumers of, Consumers of Processing Power CPU, upgrading, Upgrading the CPU facts related to, Facts About Processing Power load, reducing, Reducing the Load monitoring of, Monitoring CPU Power O/S overhead, reducing, Reducing Operating System Overhead operating system use of, The Operating System overview of, Processing Power shortage of, improving, Improving a CPU Shortage SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You? symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You? upgrading, Upgrading the CPU storage (see storage) RPM, Security RPM Package Manager (see RPM) S sa1 command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sa2 command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sadc command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sar command, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools , The sar command , Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information reports, reading, Reading sar Reports SCSI disk drive adding, Adding SCSI Disk Drives SCSI interface overview of, SCSI security importance of, Security Cannot be an Afterthought Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific information, Security setgid permission, Security , User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions setuid permission, Security , User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions shell scripts, Automation SMB, SMB SMP, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You? social engineering, risks of, The Risks of Social Engineering software support for documentation, Documentation email support, Web or Email Support on-site support, On-Site Support overview, Getting Help -- Software Support self support, Self Support telephone support, Telephone Support Web support, Web or Email Support sticky bit permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions storage adding, Adding Storage , Adding Storage /etc/fstab, updating, Updating /etc/fstab ATA disk drive, Adding ATA Disk Drives backup schedule, modifying, Modifying the Backup Schedule configuration, updating, Updating System Configuration formatting, Formatting the Partition(s) , Formatting the Partition(s) hardware, installing, Installing the Hardware partitioning, Partitioning , Partitioning SCSI disk drive, Adding SCSI Disk Drives deploying, Making the Storage Usable disk quotas, Disk Quota Issues (see disk quotas) file system, File Systems , File System Basics /etc/mtab file, Viewing /etc/mtab /proc/mounts file, Viewing /proc/mounts access control, Access Control access times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times accounting, space, Accounting of Space Utilized creation times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times df command, using, Issuing the df Command directories, Hierarchical Directory Structure display of mounted, Seeing What is Mounted enabling access to, Enabling Storage Access EXT2, EXT2 EXT3, EXT3 file-based, File-Based Storage hierarchical directory, Hierarchical Directory Structure ISO 9660, ISO 9660 modification times, Tracking of File Creation, Access, Modification Times mount point, Mount Points mounting, Mounting File Systems mounting with /etc/fstab file, Mounting File Systems Automatically with /etc/fstab MSDOS, MSDOS space accounting, Accounting of Space Utilized structure, directory, Directory Structure VFAT, VFAT file-related issues, File-Related Issues file access, File Access file sharing, File Sharing management of, Managing Storage , Storage Management Day-to-Day application usage, Excessive Usage by an Application excessive use of, Excessive Usage by a User free space monitoring, Monitoring Free Space growth, normal, Normal Growth in Usage user issues, Handling a User's Excessive Usage mass-storage devices access arm movement, Access Arm Movement access arms, Access Arms addressing concepts, Storage Addressing Concepts addressing, block-based, Block-Based Addressing addressing, geometry-based, Geometry-Based Addressing block-based addressing, Block-Based Addressing command processing, Command Processing Time cylinder, Cylinder disk platters, Disk Platters electrical limitations of, Mechanical/Electrical Limitations geometry, problems with, Problems with Geometry-Based Addressing geometry-based addressing, Geometry-Based Addressing head, Head heads, Data reading/writing device heads reading, Heads Reading/Writing Data heads writing, Heads Reading/Writing Data I/O loads, performance, I/O Loads and Performance I/O loads, reads, Reads Versus Writes I/O loads, writes, Reads Versus Writes I/O locality, Locality of Reads/Writes IDE interface, IDE/ATA industry-standard interfaces, Present-Day Industry-Standard Interfaces interfaces for, Mass Storage Device Interfaces interfaces, historical, Historical Background interfaces, industry-standard, Present-Day Industry-Standard Interfaces latency, rotational, Rotational Latency mechanical limitations of, Mechanical/Electrical Limitations movement, access arm, Access Arm Movement overview of, An Overview of Storage Hardware performance of, Hard Drive Performance Characteristics platters, disk, Disk Platters processing, command, Command Processing Time readers versus writers, Multiple Readers/Writers rotational latency, Rotational Latency SCSI interface, SCSI sector, Sector monitoring of, Monitoring Storage network-accessible, Network-Accessible Storage , Network-Accessible Storage Under Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFS, NFS SMB, SMB partition attributes of, Partition Attributes extended, Extended Partitions geometry of, Geometry logical, Logical Partitions overview of, Partitions/Slices primary, Primary Partitions type field, Partition Type Field type of, Partition Type patterns of access, Storage Access Patterns RAID-based (see RAID) removing, Removing Storage , Removing Storage /etc/fstab, removing from, Remove the Disk Drive's Partitions From /etc/fstab data, removing, Moving Data Off the Disk Drive erasing contents, Erase the Contents of the Disk Drive , Erase the Contents of the Disk Drive umount command, use of, Terminating Access With umount technologies, The Storage Spectrum backup storage, Off-Line Backup Storage cache memory, Cache Memory CPU registers, CPU Registers disk drive, Hard Drives hard drive, Hard Drives L1 cache, Cache Levels L2 cache, Cache Levels main memory, Main Memory -- RAM off-line storage, Off-Line Backup Storage RAM, Main Memory -- RAM technologies, advanced, Advanced Storage Technologies swapping, Swapping symmetric multiprocessing, Is Symmetric Multiprocessing Right for You? Sysstat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools system administration philosophy of, The Philosophy of System Administration automation, Automate Everything business, Know Your Business communication, Communicate as Much as Possible documentation, Document Everything planning, Plan Ahead resources, Know Your Resources security, Security Cannot be an Afterthought social engineering, risks of, The Risks of Social Engineering unexpected occurrences, Expect the Unexpected users, Know Your Users system performance monitoring, System Performance Monitoring system resources (see resources, system) T tools groups, managing (see group, tools for managing) resource monitoring, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information free, free GNOME System Monitor, The GNOME System Monitor -- A Graphical top iostat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools mpstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools OProfile, OProfile sa1, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sa2, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sadc, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools sar, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools , The sar command Sysstat, The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools top, top vmstat, vmstat user accounts, managing (see user account, tools for managing) top command, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , top , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux U UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs unexpected, preparation for, Expect the Unexpected user account access control, Access Control Information files controlling, Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups /etc/group, /etc/group /etc/gshadow, /etc/gshadow /etc/passwd, /etc/passwd /etc/shadow, /etc/shadow GID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs home directory centralized, Home Directories management of, Managing User Accounts and Resource Access , Managing User Accounts , Managing Accounts and Resource Access Day-to-Day job changes, Job Changes new hires, New Hires terminations, Terminations password, Passwords aging, Password Aging big character set used in, Expanded Character Set longer, Longer Passwords memorable, Memorable personal information used in, Personal Information repeatedly used, The Same Password for Multiple Systems shortness of, Short Passwords small character set used in, Limited Character Set strong, Strong Passwords weak, Weak Passwords word tricks used in, Simple Word Tricks words used in, Recognizable Words written, Passwords on Paper permissions related to, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions execute, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions read, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions setgid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions setuid, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions sticky bit, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions write, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions resources, management of, Managing User Resources shared data access, Who Can Access Shared Data system GIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs system UIDs, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs tools for managing, User Account and Group Applications chage command, User Account and Group Applications chfn command, User Account and Group Applications chpasswd command, User Account and Group Applications passwd command, User Account and Group Applications useradd command, User Account and Group Applications userdel command, User Account and Group Applications usermod command, User Account and Group Applications UID, Usernames and UIDs, Groups and GIDs username, The Username changes to, Dealing with Name Changes collisions in naming, Dealing with Collisions naming convention, Naming Conventions user ID (see UID) useradd command, User Account and Group Applications userdel command, User Account and Group Applications usermod command, User Account and Group Applications username, The Username changing, Dealing with Name Changes collisions between, Dealing with Collisions naming convention, Naming Conventions users importance of, Know Your Users V VFAT file system, VFAT virtual address space, Virtual Memory: The Details virtual memory (see memory) vmstat command, Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information , vmstat , Monitoring Bandwidth on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Monitoring CPU Utilization on Red Hat Enterprise Linux , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-Specific Information W watch command, free working set, The Working Set write permission, User Accounts, Groups, and Permissions

Commands: