Chapter 3. Themes Red Hat build of Keycloak provides theme support for web pages and emails. This allows customizing the look and feel of end-user facing pages so they can be integrated with your applications. Figure 3.1. Login page with sunrise example theme 3.1. Theme types A theme can provide one or more types to customize different aspects of Red Hat build of Keycloak. The types available are: Account - Account Console Admin - Admin Console Email - Emails Login - Login forms Welcome - Welcome page 3.2. Configuring a theme All theme types, except welcome, are configured through the Admin Console. Procedure Log into the Admin Console. Select your realm from the drop-down box in the top left corner. Click Realm Settings from the menu. Click the Themes tab. Note To set the theme for the master Admin Console you need to set the Admin Console theme for the master realm. To see the changes to the Admin Console refresh the page. Change the welcome theme by using the spi-theme-welcome-theme option. For example: bin/kc.[sh|bat] start --spi-theme-welcome-theme=custom-theme 3.3. Default themes Red Hat build of Keycloak comes bundled with default themes in the JAR file keycloak-themes-24.0.10.redhat-00001.jar inside the server distribution. The server's root themes directory does not contain any themes by default, but it contains a README file with some additional details about the default themes. To simplify upgrading, do not edit the bundled themes directly. Instead create your own theme that extends one of the bundled themes. 3.4. Creating a theme A theme consists of: HTML templates ( Freemarker Templates ) Images Message bundles Stylesheets Scripts Theme properties Unless you plan to replace every single page you should extend another theme. Most likely you will want to extend some existing theme. Alternatively, if you intend to provide your own implementation of the admin or account console, consider extending the base theme. The base theme consists of a message bundle and therefore such implementation needs to start from scratch, including implementation of the main index.ftl Freemarker template, but it can leverage existing translations from the message bundle. When extending a theme you can override individual resources (templates, stylesheets, etc.). If you decide to override HTML templates bear in mind that you may need to update your custom template when upgrading to a new release. While creating a theme it's a good idea to disable caching as this makes it possible to edit theme resources directly from the themes directory without restarting Red Hat build of Keycloak. Procedure Run Keycloak with the following options: bin/kc.[sh|bat] start --spi-theme-static-max-age=-1 --spi-theme-cache-themes=false --spi-theme-cache-templates=false Create a directory in the themes directory. The name of the directory becomes the name of the theme. For example to create a theme called mytheme create the directory themes/mytheme . Inside the theme directory, create a directory for each of the types your theme is going to provide. For example, to add the login type to the mytheme theme, create the directory themes/mytheme/login . For each type create a file theme.properties which allows setting some configuration for the theme. For example, to configure the theme themes/mytheme/login to extend the base theme and import some common resources, create the file themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties with following contents: You have now created a theme with support for the login type. Log into the Admin Console to check out your new theme Select your realm Click Realm Settings from the menu. Click on the Themes tab. For Login Theme select mytheme and click Save . Open the login page for the realm. You can do this either by logging in through your application or by opening the Account Console ( /realms/{realm name}/account ). To see the effect of changing the parent theme, set parent=keycloak in theme.properties and refresh the login page. Note Be sure to re-enable caching in production as it will significantly impact performance. Note If you want to manually delete the content of the themes cache, you can do so by deleting the data/tmp/kc-gzip-cache directory of the server distribution. It can be useful for instance if you redeployed custom providers or custom themes without disabling themes caching in the server executions. 3.4.1. Theme properties Theme properties are set in the file <THEME TYPE>/theme.properties in the theme directory. parent - Parent theme to extend import - Import resources from another theme common - Override the common resource path. The default value is common/keycloak when not specified. This value would be used as value of suffix of USD{url.resourcesCommonPath} , which is used typically in freemarker templates (prefix of USD{url.resoucesCommonPath} value is theme root uri). styles - Space-separated list of styles to include locales - Comma-separated list of supported locales There are a list of properties that can be used to change the css class used for certain element types. For a list of these properties look at the theme.properties file in the corresponding type of the keycloak theme ( themes/keycloak/<THEME TYPE>/theme.properties ). You can also add your own custom properties and use them from custom templates. When doing so, you can substitute system properties or environment variables by using these formats: USD{some.system.property} - for system properties USD{env.ENV_VAR} - for environment variables. A default value can also be provided in case the system property or the environment variable is not found with USD{foo:defaultValue} . Note If no default value is provided and there's no corresponding system property or environment variable, then nothing is replaced and you end up with the format in your template. Here's an example of what is possible: javaVersion=USD{java.version} unixHome=USD{env.HOME:Unix home not found} windowsHome=USD{env.HOMEPATH:Windows home not found} 3.4.2. Add a stylesheet to a theme You can add one or more stylesheets to a theme. Procedure Create a file in the <THEME TYPE>/resources/css directory of your theme. Add this file to the styles property in theme.properties . For example, to add styles.css to the mytheme , create themes/mytheme/login/resources/css/styles.css with the following content: .login-pf body { background: DimGrey none; } Edit themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties and add: To see the changes, open the login page for your realm. You will notice that the only styles being applied are those from your custom stylesheet. To include the styles from the parent theme, load the styles from that theme. Edit themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties and change styles to: Note To override styles from the parent stylesheets, ensure that your stylesheet is listed last. 3.4.3. Adding a script to a theme You can add one or more scripts to a theme. Procedure Create a file in the <THEME TYPE>/resources/js directory of your theme. Add the file to the scripts property in theme.properties . For example, to add script.js to the mytheme , create themes/mytheme/login/resources/js/script.js with the following content: alert('Hello'); Then edit themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties and add: 3.4.4. Adding an image to a theme To make images available to the theme add them to the <THEME TYPE>/resources/img directory of your theme. These can be used from within stylesheets or directly in HTML templates. For example to add an image to the mytheme copy an image to themes/mytheme/login/resources/img/image.jpg . You can then use this image from within a custom stylesheet with: body { background-image: url('../img/image.jpg'); background-size: cover; } Or to use directly in HTML templates add the following to a custom HTML template: <img src="USD{url.resourcesPath}/img/image.jpg" alt="My image description"> 3.4.5. Adding an image to a email theme To make images available to the theme add them to the <THEME TYPE>/email/resources/img directory of your theme. These can be used from within directly in HTML templates. For example to add an image to the mytheme copy an image to themes/mytheme/email/resources/img/logo.jpg . To use directly in HTML templates add the following to a custom HTML template: <img src="USD{url.resourcesUrl}/img/image.jpg" alt="My image description"> 3.4.6. Messages Text in the templates is loaded from message bundles. A theme that extends another theme will inherit all messages from the parent's message bundle and you can override individual messages by adding <THEME TYPE>/messages/messages_en.properties to your theme. For example to replace Username on the login form with Your Username for the mytheme create the file themes/mytheme/login/messages/messages_en.properties with the following content: Within a message values like {0} and {1} are replaced with arguments when the message is used. For example {0} in Log in to {0} is replaced with the name of the realm. Texts of these message bundles can be overwritten by realm-specific values. The realm-specific values are manageable via UI and API. 3.4.7. Adding a language to a realm Prerequisites To enable internationalization for a realm, see the Server Administration Guide . Procedure Create the file <THEME TYPE>/messages/messages_<LOCALE>.properties in the directory of your theme. Add this file to the locales property in <THEME TYPE>/theme.properties . For a language to be available to users the realms login , account and email , the theme has to support the language, so you need to add your language for those theme types. For example, to add Norwegian translations to the mytheme theme create the file themes/mytheme/login/messages/messages_no.properties with the following content: If you omit a translation for messages, they will use English. Edit themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties and add: Add the same for the account and email theme types. To do this create themes/mytheme/account/messages/messages_no.properties and themes/mytheme/email/messages/messages_no.properties . Leaving these files empty will result in the English messages being used. Copy themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties to themes/mytheme/account/theme.properties and themes/mytheme/email/theme.properties . Add a translation for the language selector. This is done by adding a message to the English translation. To do this add the following to themes/mytheme/account/messages/messages_en.properties and themes/mytheme/login/messages/messages_en.properties : By default, message properties files should be encoded using UTF-8. Keycloak falls back to ISO-8859-1 handling if it can't read the contents as UTF-8. Unicode characters can be escaped as described in Java's documentation for PropertyResourceBundle . versions of Keycloak supported specifying the encoding in the first line with a comment like # encoding: UTF-8 , which is no longer supported. Additional resources See Locale Selector for details on how the current locale is selected. 3.4.8. Adding custom Identity Providers icons Red Hat build of Keycloak supports adding icons for custom Identity providers, which are displayed on the login screen. Procedure Define icon classes in your login theme.properties file (for example, themes/mytheme/login/theme.properties ) with key pattern kcLogoIdP-<alias> . For an Identity Provider with an alias myProvider , you may add a line to theme.properties file of your custom theme. For example: All icons are available on the official website of PatternFly4. Icons for social providers are already defined in base login theme properties ( themes/keycloak/login/theme.properties ), where you can inspire yourself. 3.4.9. Creating a custom HTML template Red Hat build of Keycloak uses Apache Freemarker templates to generate HTML and render pages. Although it is possible to create custom templates to change completely how pages are rendered, the recommendation is to leverage the built-in templates as much as possible. The reasons are: During upgrades, you might be forced to update your custom templates to get the latest updates from newer versions Configuring CSS styles to your themes allows you to adapt the UI to match your UI design standards and guidelines. User Profile allows you to support custom user attributes and configure how they are rendered. In most cases, you won't need to change templates to adapt Red Hat build of Keycloak to your needs, but you can override individual templates in your own theme by creating <THEME TYPE>/<TEMPLATE>.ftl . Admin and account console use a single template index.ftl for rendering the application. For a list of templates in other theme types look at the theme/base/<THEME_TYPE> directory in the JAR file at USDKEYCLOAK_HOME/lib/lib/main/org.keycloak.keycloak-themes-<VERSION>.jar . Procedure Copy the template from the base theme to your own theme. Apply the modifications you need. For example, to create a custom login form for the mytheme theme, copy themes/base/login/login.ftl to themes/mytheme/login and open it in an editor. After the first line (<#import ... >), add <h1>HELLO WORLD!</h1> as shown here: <#import "template.ftl" as layout> <h1>HELLO WORLD!</h1> ... Back up the modified template. When upgrading to a new version of Red Hat build of Keycloak you may need to update your custom templates to apply changes to the original template if applicable. Additional resources See the FreeMarker Manual for details on how to edit templates. 3.4.10. Emails To edit the subject and contents for emails, for example password recovery email, add a message bundle to the email type of your theme. There are three messages for each email. One for the subject, one for the plain text body and one for the html body. To see all emails available take a look at themes/base/email/messages/messages_en.properties . For example to change the password recovery email for the mytheme theme create themes/mytheme/email/messages/messages_en.properties with the following content: 3.5. Deploying themes Themes can be deployed to Red Hat build of Keycloak by copying the theme directory to themes or it can be deployed as an archive. During development you can copy the theme to the themes directory, but in production you may want to consider using an archive . An archive makes it simpler to have a versioned copy of the theme, especially when you have multiple instances of Red Hat build of Keycloak for example with clustering. Procedure To deploy a theme as an archive, create a JAR archive with the theme resources. Add a file META-INF/keycloak-themes.json to the archive that lists the available themes in the archive as well as what types each theme provides. For example for the mytheme theme create mytheme.jar with the contents: META-INF/keycloak-themes.json theme/mytheme/login/theme.properties theme/mytheme/login/login.ftl theme/mytheme/login/resources/css/styles.css theme/mytheme/login/resources/img/image.png theme/mytheme/login/messages/messages_en.properties theme/mytheme/email/messages/messages_en.properties The contents of META-INF/keycloak-themes.json in this case would be: { "themes": [{ "name" : "mytheme", "types": [ "login", "email" ] }] } A single archive can contain multiple themes and each theme can support one or more types. To deploy the archive to Red Hat build of Keycloak, add it to the providers/ directory of Red Hat build of Keycloak and restart the server if it is already running. 3.6. Additional resources for Themes For the inspiration, see Default Themes bundled inside Red Hat build of Keycloak. Red Hat build of Keycloak Quickstarts Repository - Directory extension of the quickstarts repository contains some theme examples, which can be also used as an inspiration. === Theme selector By default the theme configured for the realm is used, with the exception of clients being able to override the login theme. This behavior can be changed through the Theme Selector SPI. This could be used to select different themes for desktop and mobile devices by looking at the user agent header, for example. To create a custom theme selector you need to implement ThemeSelectorProviderFactory and ThemeSelectorProvider . 3.7. Theme resources When implementing custom providers in Red Hat build of Keycloak there may often be a need to add additional templates, resources and messages bundles. The easiest way to load additional theme resources is to create a JAR with templates in theme-resources/templates resources in theme-resources/resources and messages bundles in theme-resources/messages . If you want a more flexible way to load templates and resources that can be achieved through the ThemeResourceSPI. By implementing ThemeResourceProviderFactory and ThemeResourceProvider you can decide exactly how to load templates and resources. 3.8. Locale selector By default, the locale is selected using the DefaultLocaleSelectorProvider which implements the LocaleSelectorProvider interface. English is the default language when internationalization is disabled. With internationalization enabled, the locale is resolved according to the logic described in the Server Administration Guide . This behavior can be changed through the LocaleSelectorSPI by implementing the LocaleSelectorProvider and LocaleSelectorProviderFactory . The LocaleSelectorProvider interface has a single method, resolveLocale , which must return a locale given a RealmModel and a nullable UserModel . The actual request is available from the KeycloakSession#getContext method. Custom implementations can extend the DefaultLocaleSelectorProvider in order to reuse parts of the default behavior. For example to ignore the Accept-Language request header, a custom implementation could extend the default provider, override it's getAcceptLanguageHeaderLocale , and return a null value. As a result the locale selection will fall back on the realm's default language. 3.9. Additional resources for Locale selector For more details on creating and deploying a custom provider, see Service Provider Interfaces .

Commands:
bin/kc.[sh|bat] start --spi-theme-welcome-theme=custom-theme
bin/kc.[sh|bat] start --spi-theme-static-max-age=-1 --spi-theme-cache-themes=false --spi-theme-cache-templates=false
parent=base import=common/keycloak
javaVersion=USD{java.version} unixHome=USD{env.HOME:Unix home not found} windowsHome=USD{env.HOMEPATH:Windows home not found}
.login-pf body { background: DimGrey none; }
styles=css/styles.css
styles=css/login.css css/styles.css
alert('Hello');
scripts=js/script.js
body { background-image: url('../img/image.jpg'); background-size: cover; }
<img src="USD{url.resourcesPath}/img/image.jpg" alt="My image description">
<img src="USD{url.resourcesUrl}/img/image.jpg" alt="My image description">
usernameOrEmail=Your Username
usernameOrEmail=Brukernavn password=Passord
locales=en,no
locale_no=Norsk
kcLogoIdP-myProvider = fa fa-lock
<#import "template.ftl" as layout> <h1>HELLO WORLD!</h1>
passwordResetSubject=My password recovery passwordResetBody=Reset password link: {0} passwordResetBodyHtml=<a href="{0}">Reset password</a>
{ "themes": [{ "name" : "mytheme", "types": [ "login", "email" ] }] }