Chapter 2. Configuring an AWS account Before you can install OpenShift Container Platform, you must configure an Amazon Web Services (AWS) account. 2.1. Configuring Route 53 To install OpenShift Container Platform, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in your Route 53 service. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The Route 53 service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster. Procedure Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through AWS or another source. Note If you purchase a new domain through AWS, it takes time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through AWS, see Registering Domain Names Using Amazon Route 53 in the AWS documentation. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to AWS. See Making Amazon Route 53 the DNS Service for an Existing Domain in the AWS documentation. Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain. See Creating a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation. Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com , or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com . Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Getting the Name Servers for a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation. Update the registrar records for the AWS Route 53 name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to a Route 53 service in a different accounts, see the following topic in the AWS documentation: Adding or Changing Name Servers or Glue Records . If you are using a subdomain, add its delegation records to the parent domain. This gives Amazon Route 53 responsibility for the subdomain. Follow the delegation procedure outlined by the DNS provider of the parent domain. See Creating a subdomain that uses Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service without migrating the parent domain in the AWS documentation for an example high level procedure. 2.1.1. Ingress Operator endpoint configuration for AWS Route 53 If you install in either Amazon Web Services (AWS) GovCloud (US) US-West or US-East region, the Ingress Operator uses us-gov-west-1 region for Route53 and tagging API clients. The Ingress Operator uses https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com as the tagging API endpoint if a tagging custom endpoint is configured that includes the string 'us-gov-east-1'. For more information on AWS GovCloud (US) endpoints, see the Service Endpoints in the AWS documentation about GovCloud (US). Important Private, disconnected installations are not supported for AWS GovCloud when you install in the us-gov-east-1 region. Example Route 53 configuration platform: aws: region: us-gov-west-1 serviceEndpoints: - name: ec2 url: https://ec2.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: elasticloadbalancing url: https://elasticloadbalancing.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: route53 url: https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com 1 - name: tagging url: https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com 2 1 Route 53 defaults to https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com for both AWS GovCloud (US) regions. 2 Only the US-West region has endpoints for tagging. Omit this parameter if your cluster is in another region. 2.2. AWS account limits The OpenShift Container Platform cluster uses a number of Amazon Web Services (AWS) components, and the default Service Limits affect your ability to install OpenShift Container Platform clusters. If you use certain cluster configurations, deploy your cluster in certain AWS regions, or run multiple clusters from your account, you might need to request additional resources for your AWS account. The following table summarizes the AWS components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OpenShift Container Platform clusters. Component Number of clusters available by default Default AWS limit Description Instance Limits Varies Varies By default, each cluster creates the following instances: One bootstrap machine, which is removed after installation Three control plane nodes Three worker nodes These instance type counts are within a new account's default limit. To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, review your account limits to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you need. In most regions, the worker machines use an m6i.large instance and the bootstrap and control plane machines use m6i.xlarge instances. In some regions, including all regions that do not support these instance types, m5.large and m5.xlarge instances are used instead. Elastic IPs (EIPs) 0 to 1 5 EIPs per account To provision the cluster in a highly available configuration, the installation program creates a public and private subnet for each availability zone within a region . Each private subnet requires a NAT Gateway , and each NAT gateway requires a separate elastic IP . Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region. To take advantage of the default high availability, install the cluster in a region with at least three availability zones. To install a cluster in a region with more than five availability zones, you must increase the EIP limit. Important To use the us-east-1 region, you must increase the EIP limit for your account. Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) 5 5 VPCs per region Each cluster creates its own VPC. Elastic Load Balancing (ELB/NLB) 3 20 per region By default, each cluster creates internal and external network load balancers for the master API server and a single Classic Load Balancer for the router. Deploying more Kubernetes Service objects with type LoadBalancer will create additional load balancers . NAT Gateways 5 5 per availability zone The cluster deploys one NAT gateway in each availability zone. Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) At least 12 350 per region The default installation creates 21 ENIs and an ENI for each availability zone in your region. For example, the us-east-1 region contains six availability zones, so a cluster that is deployed in that zone uses 27 ENIs. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region. Additional ENIs are created for additional machines and ELB load balancers that are created by cluster usage and deployed workloads. VPC Gateway 20 20 per account Each cluster creates a single VPC Gateway for S3 access. S3 buckets 99 100 buckets per account Because the installation process creates a temporary bucket and the registry component in each cluster creates a bucket, you can create only 99 OpenShift Container Platform clusters per AWS account. Security Groups 250 2,500 per account Each cluster creates 10 distinct security groups. 2.3. Required AWS permissions for the IAM user Note Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region. When you attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions: Example 2.1. Required EC2 permissions for installation ec2:AttachNetworkInterface ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress ec2:CopyImage ec2:CreateNetworkInterface ec2:CreateSecurityGroup ec2:CreateTags ec2:CreateVolume ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup ec2:DeleteSnapshot ec2:DeleteTags ec2:DeregisterImage ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes ec2:DescribeAddresses ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions ec2:DescribeImages ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications ec2:DescribeInstances ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes ec2:DescribeInternetGateways ec2:DescribeKeyPairs ec2:DescribeNatGateways ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces ec2:DescribePrefixLists ec2:DescribeRegions ec2:DescribeRouteTables ec2:DescribeSecurityGroupRules ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups ec2:DescribeSubnets ec2:DescribeTags ec2:DescribeVolumes ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints ec2:DescribeVpcs ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress ec2:RunInstances ec2:TerminateInstances Example 2.2. Required permissions for creating network resources during installation ec2:AllocateAddress ec2:AssociateAddress ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions ec2:AssociateRouteTable ec2:AttachInternetGateway ec2:CreateDhcpOptions ec2:CreateInternetGateway ec2:CreateNatGateway ec2:CreateRoute ec2:CreateRouteTable ec2:CreateSubnet ec2:CreateVpc ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute Note If you use an existing Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources. Example 2.3. Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation elasticloadbalancing:AddTags elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener Important OpenShift Container Platform uses both the ELB and ELBv2 API services to provision load balancers. The permission list shows permissions required by both services. A known issue exists in the AWS web console where both services use the same elasticloadbalancing action prefix but do not recognize the same actions. You can ignore the warnings about the service not recognizing certain elasticloadbalancing actions. Example 2.4. Required IAM permissions for installation iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile iam:CreateInstanceProfile iam:CreateRole iam:DeleteInstanceProfile iam:DeleteRole iam:DeleteRolePolicy iam:GetInstanceProfile iam:GetRole iam:GetRolePolicy iam:GetUser iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole iam:ListRoles iam:ListUsers iam:PassRole iam:PutRolePolicy iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy iam:TagRole Note If you have not created a load balancer in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole permission. Example 2.5. Required Route 53 permissions for installation route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets route53:ChangeTagsForResource route53:CreateHostedZone route53:DeleteHostedZone route53:GetChange route53:GetHostedZone route53:ListHostedZones route53:ListHostedZonesByName route53:ListResourceRecordSets route53:ListTagsForResource route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment Example 2.6. Required Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) permissions for installation s3:CreateBucket s3:DeleteBucket s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration s3:GetBucketAcl s3:GetBucketCors s3:GetBucketLocation s3:GetBucketLogging s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration s3:GetBucketPolicy s3:GetBucketRequestPayment s3:GetBucketTagging s3:GetBucketVersioning s3:GetBucketWebsite s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration s3:GetReplicationConfiguration s3:ListBucket s3:PutBucketAcl s3:PutBucketTagging s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration Example 2.7. S3 permissions that cluster Operators require s3:DeleteObject s3:GetObject s3:GetObjectAcl s3:GetObjectTagging s3:GetObjectVersion s3:PutObject s3:PutObjectAcl s3:PutObjectTagging Example 2.8. Required permissions to delete base cluster resources autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface ec2:DeletePlacementGroup ec2:DeleteVolume elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups iam:DeleteAccessKey iam:DeleteUser iam:DeleteUserPolicy iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies iam:ListInstanceProfiles iam:ListRolePolicies iam:ListUserPolicies s3:DeleteObject s3:ListBucketVersions tag:GetResources Example 2.9. Required permissions to delete network resources ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions ec2:DeleteInternetGateway ec2:DeleteNatGateway ec2:DeleteRoute ec2:DeleteRouteTable ec2:DeleteSubnet ec2:DeleteVpc ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints ec2:DetachInternetGateway ec2:DisassociateRouteTable ec2:ReleaseAddress ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation Note If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources permission to delete network resources. Example 2.10. Optional permissions for installing a cluster with a custom Key Management Service (KMS) key kms:CreateGrant kms:Decrypt kms:DescribeKey kms:Encrypt kms:GenerateDataKey kms:GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlainText kms:ListGrants kms:RevokeGrant Example 2.11. Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles iam:UntagRole Example 2.12. Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests iam:GetUserPolicy iam:ListAccessKeys iam:PutUserPolicy iam:TagUser s3:AbortMultipartUpload s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock s3:ListBucket s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration Note If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey and iam:CreateUser permissions. Example 2.13. Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas Example 2.14. Optional permissions for the cluster owner account when installing a cluster on a shared VPC sts:AssumeRole 2.4. Creating an IAM user Each Amazon Web Services (AWS) account contains a root user account that is based on the email address you used to create the account. This is a highly-privileged account, and it is recommended to use it for only initial account and billing configuration, creating an initial set of users, and securing the account. Before you install OpenShift Container Platform, create a secondary IAM administrative user. As you complete the Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account procedure in the AWS documentation, set the following options: Procedure Specify the IAM user name and select Programmatic access . Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to ensure that the account has sufficient permission to create the cluster. This policy provides the cluster with the ability to grant credentials to each OpenShift Container Platform component. The cluster grants the components only the credentials that they require. Note While it is possible to create a policy that grants the all of the required AWS permissions and attach it to the user, this is not the preferred option. The cluster will not have the ability to grant additional credentials to individual components, so the same credentials are used by all components. Optional: Add metadata to the user by attaching tags. Confirm that the user name that you specified is granted the AdministratorAccess policy. Record the access key ID and secret access key values. You must use these values when you configure your local machine to run the installation program. Important You cannot use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device to authenticate to AWS when you deploy a cluster. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials. 2.5. IAM Policies and AWS authentication By default, the installation program creates instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate. Note To enable pulling images from the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) as a postinstallation task in a single-node OpenShift cluster, you must add the AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly policy to the IAM role associated with the cluster's control plane role. However, you can create your own IAM roles and specify them as part of the installation process. You might need to specify your own roles to deploy the cluster or to manage the cluster after installation. For example: Your organization's security policies require that you use a more restrictive set of permissions to install the cluster. After the installation, the cluster is configured with an Operator that requires access to additional services. If you choose to specify your own IAM roles, you can take the following steps: Begin with the default policies and adapt as required. For more information, see "Default permissions for IAM instance profiles". Use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template that is based on the cluster's activity. For more information see, "Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates". 2.5.1. Default permissions for IAM instance profiles By default, the installation program creates IAM instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane and worker instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate. The following lists specify the default permissions for control plane and compute machines: Example 2.15. Default IAM role permissions for control plane instance profiles ec2:AttachVolume ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress ec2:CreateSecurityGroup ec2:CreateTags ec2:CreateVolume ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup ec2:DeleteVolume ec2:Describe* ec2:DetachVolume ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute ec2:ModifyVolume ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress elasticloadbalancing:AddTags elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets elasticloadbalancing:Describe* elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener kms:DescribeKey Example 2.16. Default IAM role permissions for compute instance profiles ec2:DescribeInstances ec2:DescribeRegions 2.5.2. Specifying an existing IAM role Instead of allowing the installation program to create IAM instance profiles with the default permissions, you can use the install-config.yaml file to specify an existing IAM role for control plane and compute instances. Prerequisites You have an existing install-config.yaml file. Procedure Update compute.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the compute machines. Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for compute instances compute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole Update controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the control plane machines. Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for control plane instances controlPlane: hyperthreading: Enabled name: master platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole Save the file and reference it when installing the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Note To change or update an IAM account after the cluster has been installed, see RHOCP 4 AWS cloud-credentials access key is expired (Red Hat Knowledgebase). Additional resources See Deploying the cluster . 2.5.3. Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates The minimal set of permissions that the control plane and compute instance profiles require depends on how the cluster is configured for its daily operation. One way to determine which permissions the cluster instances require is to use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template: A policy template contains the permissions the cluster has used over a specified period of time. You can then use the template to create policies with fine-grained permissions. Procedure The overall process could be: Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled. CloudTrail records all of the actions and events in your AWS account, including the API calls that are required to create a policy template. For more information, see the AWS documentation for working with CloudTrail . Create an instance profile for control plane instances and an instance profile for compute instances. Be sure to assign each role a permissive policy, such as PowerUserAccess. For more information, see the AWS documentation for creating instance profile roles . Install the cluster in a development environment and configure it as required. Be sure to deploy all of applications the cluster will host in a production environment. Test the cluster thoroughly. Testing the cluster ensures that all of the required API calls are logged. Use the IAM Access Analyzer to create a policy template for each instance profile. For more information, see the AWS documentation for generating policies based on the CloudTrail logs . Create and add a fine-grained policy to each instance profile. Remove the permissive policy from each instance profile. Deploy a production cluster using the existing instance profiles with the new policies. Note You can add IAM Conditions to your policy to make it more restrictive and compliant with your organization security requirements. 2.6. Supported AWS Marketplace regions Installing an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America. While the offer must be purchased in North America, you can deploy the cluster to any of the following supported paritions: Public GovCloud Note Deploying a OpenShift Container Platform cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported for the AWS secret regions or China regions. 2.7. Supported AWS regions You can deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to the following regions. Note Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OpenShift Container Platform installation program performs various actions in this region. 2.7.1. AWS public regions The following AWS public regions are supported: af-south-1 (Cape Town) ap-east-1 (Hong Kong) ap-northeast-1 (Tokyo) ap-northeast-2 (Seoul) ap-northeast-3 (Osaka) ap-south-1 (Mumbai) ap-south-2 (Hyderabad) ap-southeast-1 (Singapore) ap-southeast-2 (Sydney) ap-southeast-3 (Jakarta) ap-southeast-4 (Melbourne) ca-central-1 (Central) ca-west-1 (Calgary) eu-central-1 (Frankfurt) eu-central-2 (Zurich) eu-north-1 (Stockholm) eu-south-1 (Milan) eu-south-2 (Spain) eu-west-1 (Ireland) eu-west-2 (London) eu-west-3 (Paris) me-central-1 (UAE) me-south-1 (Bahrain) sa-east-1 (Sao Paulo) us-east-1 (N. Virginia) us-east-2 (Ohio) us-west-1 (N. California) us-west-2 (Oregon) 2.7.2. AWS GovCloud regions The following AWS GovCloud regions are supported: us-gov-west-1 us-gov-east-1 2.7.3. AWS SC2S and C2S secret regions The following AWS secret regions are supported: us-isob-east-1 Secret Commercial Cloud Services (SC2S) us-iso-east-1 Commercial Cloud Services (C2S) 2.7.4. AWS China regions The following AWS China regions are supported: cn-north-1 (Beijing) cn-northwest-1 (Ningxia) 2.8. steps Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: Quickly install a cluster with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in AWS by using CloudFormation templates Installing a cluster on AWS with remote workers on AWS Outposts

Commands:
platform: aws: region: us-gov-west-1 serviceEndpoints: - name: ec2 url: https://ec2.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: elasticloadbalancing url: https://elasticloadbalancing.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com - name: route53 url: https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com 1 - name: tagging url: https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com 2
compute: - hyperthreading: Enabled name: worker platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole
controlPlane: hyperthreading: Enabled name: master platform: aws: iamRole: ExampleRole