Chapter 12. Managing storage for virtual machines A virtual machine (VM), just like a physical machine, requires storage for data, program, and system files. As a VM administrator, you can assign physical or network-based storage to your VMs as virtual storage. You can also modify how the storage is presented to a VM regardless of the underlying hardware. The following sections provide information about the different types of VM storage, how they work, and how you can manage them by using the CLI or the web console. 12.1. Understanding virtual machine storage If you are new to virtual machine (VM) storage, or are unsure about how it works, the following sections provide a general overview about the various components of VM storage, how it works, management basics, and the supported solutions provided by Red Hat. You can find information about: Storage pools Storage volumes Managing storage using libvirt Overview of VM storage Supported and unsupported storage pool types 12.1.1. Introduction to storage pools A storage pool is a file, directory, or storage device, managed by libvirt to provide storage for virtual machines (VMs). You can divide storage pools into storage volumes, which store VM images or are attached to VMs as additional storage. In addition, multiple VMs can share the same storage pool, allowing for better allocation of storage resources. Storage pools can be persistent or transient: A persistent storage pool survives a system restart of the host machine. You can use the virsh pool-define to create a persistent storage pool. A transient storage pool only exists until the host reboots. You can use the virsh pool-create command to create a transient storage pool. Storage pools can be either local or network-based (shared): Local storage pools Local storage pools are attached directly to the host server. They include local directories, directly attached disks, physical partitions, and Logical Volume Manager (LVM) volume groups on local devices. Local storage pools are useful for development, testing, and small deployments that do not require migration or have a large number of VMs. Networked (shared) storage pools Networked storage pools include storage devices shared over a network by using standard protocols. 12.1.2. Introduction to storage volumes Storage pools are divided into storage volumes . Storage volumes are abstractions of physical partitions, LVM logical volumes, file-based disk images, and other storage types handled by libvirt . Storage volumes are presented to VMs as local storage devices, such as disks, regardless of the underlying hardware. On the host machine, a storage volume is referred to by its name and an identifier for the storage pool from which it derives. On the virsh command line, this takes the form --pool storage_pool volume_name . For example, to display information about a volume named firstimage in the guest_images pool. 12.1.3. Storage management by using libvirt By using the libvirt remote protocol, you can manage all aspects of VM storage. These operations can also be performed on a remote host. Consequently, a management application that uses libvirt , such as the RHEL web console, can be used to perform all the required tasks of configuring the storage of a VM. You can use the libvirt API to query the list of volumes in a storage pool or to get information regarding the capacity, allocation, and available storage in that storage pool. For storage pools that support it, you can also use the libvirt API to create, clone, resize, and delete storage volumes. Furthermore, you can use the libvirt API to upload data to storage volumes, download data from storage volumes, or wipe data from storage volumes. 12.1.4. Overview of storage management To illustrate the available options for managing storage, the following example talks about a sample NFS server that uses mount -t nfs nfs.example.com:/path/to/share /path/to/data . As a storage administrator: You can define an NFS storage pool on the virtualization host to describe the exported server path and the client target path. Consequently, libvirt can mount the storage either automatically when libvirt is started or as needed while libvirt is running. You can simply add the storage pool and storage volume to a VM by name. You do not need to add the target path to the volume. Therefore, even if the target client path changes, it does not affect the VM. You can configure storage pools to autostart. When you do so, libvirt automatically mounts the NFS shared disk on the directory which is specified when libvirt is started. libvirt mounts the share on the specified directory, similar to the command mount nfs.example.com:/path/to/share /vmdata . You can query the storage volume paths by using the libvirt API. These storage volumes are basically the files present in the NFS shared disk. You can then copy these paths into the section of a VM's XML definition that describes the source storage for the VM's block devices. In the case of NFS, you can use an application that uses the libvirt API to create and delete storage volumes in the storage pool (files in the NFS share) up to the limit of the size of the pool (the storage capacity of the share). Note that, not all storage pool types support creating and deleting volumes. You can stop a storage pool when no longer required. Stopping a storage pool ( pool-destroy ) undoes the start operation, in this case, unmounting the NFS share. The data on the share is not modified by the destroy operation, despite what the name of the command suggests. For more information, see man virsh . 12.1.5. Supported and unsupported storage pool types Supported storage pool types The following is a list of storage pool types supported by RHEL: Directory-based storage pools Disk-based storage pools Partition-based storage pools GlusterFS storage pools iSCSI-based storage pools LVM-based storage pools NFS-based storage pools SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices Multipath-based storage pools RBD-based storage pools Unsupported storage pool types The following is a list of libvirt storage pool types not supported by RHEL: Sheepdog-based storage pools Vstorage-based storage pools ZFS-based storage pools 12.2. Managing virtual machine storage pools by using the CLI You can use the CLI to manage the following aspects of your storage pools to assign storage to your virtual machines (VMs): View storage pool information Create storage pools Create directory-based storage pools by using the CLI Create disk-based storage pools by using the CLI Create filesystem-based storage pools by using the CLI Create GlusterFS-based storage pools by using the CLI Create iSCSI-based storage pools by using the CLI Create LVM-based storage pools by using the CLI Create NFS-based storage pools by using the CLI Create SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices by using the CLI Remove storage pools 12.2.1. Viewing storage pool information by using the CLI By using the CLI, you can view a list of all storage pools with limited or full details about the storage pools. You can also filter the storage pools listed. Procedure Use the virsh pool-list command to view storage pool information. Additional resources The virsh pool-list --help command 12.2.2. Creating directory-based storage pools by using the CLI A directory-based storage pool is based on a directory in an existing mounted file system. This is useful, for example, when you want to use the remaining space on the file system for other purposes. You can use the virsh utility to create directory-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports directory storage pools: If the command displays any output, directory pools are supported. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create a directory-type storage pool. For example, to create a storage pool named guest_images_dir that uses the /guest_images directory: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see Directory-based storage pool parameters . Create the storage pool target path Use the virsh pool-build command to create a storage pool target path for a pre-formatted file system storage pool, initialize the storage source device, and define the format of the data. Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.3. Creating disk-based storage pools by using the CLI In a disk-based storage pool, the pool is based on a disk partition. This is useful, for example, when you want to have an entire disk partition dedicated as virtual machine (VM) storage. You can use the virsh utility to create disk-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports disk-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, disk-based pools are supported. Prepare a device on which you will base the storage pool. For this purpose, prefer partitions (for example, /dev/sdb1 ) or LVM volumes. If you provide a VM with write access to an entire disk or block device (for example, /dev/sdb ), the VM will likely partition it or create its own LVM groups on it. This can result in system errors on the host. However, if you require using an entire block device for the storage pool, Red Hat recommends protecting any important partitions on the device from GRUB's os-prober function. To do so, edit the /etc/default/grub file and apply one of the following configurations: Disable os-prober . Prevent os-prober from discovering a specific partition. For example: Back up any data on the selected storage device before creating a storage pool. Depending on the version of libvirt being used, dedicating a disk to a storage pool may reformat and erase all data currently stored on the disk device. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create a disk-type storage pool. The following example creates a storage pool named guest_images_disk that uses the /dev/sdb device and is mounted on the /dev directory. If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see Disk-based storage pool parameters . Create the storage pool target path Use the virsh pool-build command to create a storage pool target path for a pre-formatted file-system storage pool, initialize the storage source device, and define the format of the data. Note Building the target path is only necessary for disk-based, file system-based, and logical storage pools. If libvirt detects that the source storage device's data format differs from the selected storage pool type, the build fails, unless the overwrite option is specified. Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.4. Creating filesystem-based storage pools by using the CLI When you want to create a storage pool on a file system that is not mounted, use the filesystem-based storage pool. This storage pool is based on a given file-system mountpoint. You can use the virsh utility to create filesystem-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports filesystem-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, file-based pools are supported. Prepare a device on which you will base the storage pool. For this purpose, prefer partitions (for example, /dev/sdb1 ) or LVM volumes. If you provide a VM with write access to an entire disk or block device (for example, /dev/sdb ), the VM will likely partition it or create its own LVM groups on it. This can result in system errors on the host. However, if you require using an entire block device for the storage pool, Red Hat recommends protecting any important partitions on the device from GRUB's os-prober function. To do so, edit the /etc/default/grub file and apply one of the following configurations: Disable os-prober . Prevent os-prober from discovering a specific partition. For example: Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create a filesystem-type storage pool. For example, to create a storage pool named guest_images_fs that uses the /dev/sdc1 partition, and is mounted on the /guest_images directory: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see Filesystem-based storage pool parameters . Define the storage pool target path Use the virsh pool-build command to create a storage pool target path for a pre-formatted file-system storage pool, initialize the storage source device, and define the format of the data. Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. Verify there is a lost+found directory in the target path on the file system, indicating that the device is mounted. 12.2.5. Creating GlusterFS-based storage pools by using the CLI GlusterFS is a user-space file system that uses the File System in Userspace (FUSE) software interface. If you want to have a storage pool on a Gluster server, you can use the virsh utility to create GlusterFS-based storage pools. Prerequisites Before you can create GlusterFS-based storage pool on a host, prepare a Gluster. Obtain the IP address of the Gluster server by listing its status with the following command: If not installed, install the glusterfs-fuse package. If not enabled, enable the virt_use_fusefs boolean. Check that it is enabled. Ensure your hypervisor supports GlusterFS-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, GlusterFS-based pools are supported. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create a GlusterFS-based storage pool. For example, to create a storage pool named guest_images_glusterfs that uses a Gluster server named gluster-vol1 with IP 111.222.111.222 , and is mounted on the root directory of the Gluster server: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see GlusterFS-based storage pool parameters . Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.6. Creating iSCSI-based storage pools by using the CLI Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) is an IP-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities. If you want to have a storage pool on an iSCSI server, you can use the virsh utility to create iSCSI-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports iSCSI-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, iSCSI-based pools are supported. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create an iSCSI-type storage pool. For example, to create a storage pool named guest_images_iscsi that uses the iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest IQN on the server1.example.com , and is mounted on the /dev/disk/by-path path: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see iSCSI-based storage pool parameters . Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.7. Creating LVM-based storage pools by using the CLI If you want to have a storage pool that is part of an LVM volume group, you can use the virsh utility to create LVM-based storage pools. Recommendations Be aware of the following before creating an LVM-based storage pool: LVM-based storage pools do not provide the full flexibility of LVM. libvirt supports thin logical volumes, but does not provide the features of thin storage pools. LVM-based storage pools are volume groups. You can create volume groups by using the virsh utility, but this way you can only have one device in the created volume group. To create a volume group with multiple devices, use the LVM utility instead, see How to create a volume group in Linux with LVM . For more detailed information about volume groups, refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Logical Volume Manager Administration Guide . LVM-based storage pools require a full disk partition. If you activate a new partition or device by using virsh commands, the partition will be formatted and all data will be erased. If you are using a host's existing volume group, as in these procedures, nothing will be erased. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports LVM-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, LVM-based pools are supported. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create an LVM-type storage pool. For example, the following command creates a storage pool named guest_images_lvm that uses the lvm_vg volume group and is mounted on the /dev/lvm_vg directory: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see LVM-based storage pool parameters . Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.8. Creating NFS-based storage pools by using the CLI If you want to have a storage pool on a Network File System (NFS) server, you can use the virsh utility to create NFS-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports NFS-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, NFS-based pools are supported. Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create an NFS-type storage pool. For example, to create a storage pool named guest_images_netfs that uses a NFS server with IP 111.222.111.222 mounted on the server directory /home/net_mount by using the target directory /var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool : If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see NFS-based storage pool parameters . Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.9. Creating SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices by using the CLI If you want to have a storage pool on a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) device, your host must be able to connect to the SCSI device by using a virtual host bus adapter (vHBA). You can then use the virsh utility to create SCSI-based storage pools. Prerequisites Ensure your hypervisor supports SCSI-based storage pools: If the command displays any output, SCSI-based pools are supported. Before creating a SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices, create a vHBA. For more information, see Creating vHBAs . Procedure Create a storage pool Use the virsh pool-define-as command to define and create SCSI storage pool by using a vHBA. For example, the following creates a storage pool named guest_images_vhba that uses a vHBA identified by the scsi_host3 parent adapter, world-wide port number 5001a4ace3ee047d , and world-wide node number 5001a4a93526d0a1 . The storage pool is mounted on the /dev/disk/ directory: If you already have an XML configuration of the storage pool you want to create, you can also define the pool based on the XML. For details, see Parameters for SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices . Verify that the pool was created Use the virsh pool-list command to verify that the pool was created. Start the storage pool Use the virsh pool-start command to mount the storage pool. Note The virsh pool-start command is only necessary for persistent storage pools. Transient storage pools are automatically started when they are created. Optional: Turn on autostart. By default, a storage pool defined with the virsh command is not set to automatically start each time virtualization services start. Use the virsh pool-autostart command to configure the storage pool to autostart. Verification Use the virsh pool-info command to verify that the storage pool is in the running state. Check if the sizes reported are as expected and if autostart is configured correctly. 12.2.10. Deleting storage pools by using the CLI To remove a storage pool from your host system, you must stop the pool and remove its XML definition. Procedure List the defined storage pools by using the virsh pool-list command. Stop the storage pool you want to delete by using the virsh pool-destroy command. Optional: For some types of storage pools, you can remove the directory where the storage pool resides by using the virsh pool-delete command. Note that to do so, the directory must be empty. Delete the definition of the storage pool by using the virsh pool-undefine command. Verification Confirm that the storage pool was deleted. 12.3. Managing virtual machine storage pools by using the web console By using the RHEL web console, you can manage the storage pools to assign storage to your virtual machines (VMs). You can use the web console to: View storage pool information . Create storage pools: Create directory-based storage pools . Create NFS-based storage pools . Create iSCSI-based storage pools . Create LVM-based storage pools . Create SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices . Remove storage pools . Deactivate storage pools . 12.3.1. Viewing storage pool information by using the web console By using the web console, you can view detailed information about storage pools available on your system. Storage pools can be used to create disk images for your virtual machines. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . Click Storage Pools at the top of the Virtual Machines interface. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools. The information includes the following: Name - The name of the storage pool. Size - The current allocation and the total capacity of the storage pool. Connection - The connection used to access the storage pool. State - The state of the storage pool. Click the arrow to the storage pool whose information you want to see. The row expands to reveal the Overview pane with detailed information about the selected storage pool. The information includes: Target path - The location of the storage pool. Persistent - Indicates whether or not the storage pool has a persistent configuration. Autostart - Indicates whether or not the storage pool starts automatically when the system boots up. Type - The type of the storage pool. To view a list of storage volumes associated with the storage pool, click Storage Volumes . The Storage Volumes pane appears, showing a list of configured storage volumes. The information includes: Name - The name of the storage volume. Used by - The VM that is currently using the storage volume. Size - The size of the volume. Additional resources Viewing virtual machine information by using the web console 12.3.2. Creating directory-based storage pools by using the web console A directory-based storage pool is based on a directory in an existing mounted file system. This is useful, for example, when you want to use the remaining space on the file system for other purposes. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select Filesystem directory . Note If you do not see the Filesystem directory option in the drop down menu, then your hypervisor does not support directory-based storage pools. Enter the following information: Target path - The location of the storage pool. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created, the Create Storage Pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.3. Creating NFS-based storage pools by using the web console An NFS-based storage pool is based on a file system that is hosted on a server. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select Network file system . Note If you do not see the Network file system option in the drop down menu, then your hypervisor does not support nfs-based storage pools. Enter the rest of the information: Target path - The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. Host - The hostname of the network server where the mount point is located. This can be a hostname or an IP address. Source path - The directory used on the network server. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created. The Create storage pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.4. Creating iSCSI-based storage pools by using the web console An iSCSI-based storage pool is based on the Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), an IP-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select iSCSI target . Enter the rest of the information: Target Path - The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. Host - The hostname or IP address of the ISCSI server. Source path - The unique iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN) of the iSCSI target. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created. The Create storage pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.5. Creating disk-based storage pools by using the web console A disk-based storage pool uses entire disk partitions. Warning Depending on the version of libvirt being used, dedicating a disk to a storage pool may reformat and erase all data currently stored on the disk device. It is strongly recommended that you back up the data on the storage device before creating a storage pool. When whole disks or block devices are passed to the VM, the VM will likely partition it or create its own LVM groups on it. This can cause the host machine to detect these partitions or LVM groups and cause errors. These errors can also occur when you manually create partitions or LVM groups and pass them to the VM. To avoid theses errors, use file-based storage pools instead. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select Physical disk device . Note If you do not see the Physical disk device option in the drop down menu, then your hypervisor does not support disk-based storage pools. Enter the rest of the information: Target Path - The path specifying the target device. This will be the path used for the storage pool. Source path - The path specifying the storage device. For example, /dev/sdb . Format - The type of the partition table. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created. The Create storage pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.6. Creating LVM-based storage pools by using the web console An LVM-based storage pool is based on volume groups, which you can manage by using the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). A volume group is a combination of multiple physical volumes that creates a single storage structure. Note LVM-based storage pools do not provide the full flexibility of LVM. libvirt supports thin logical volumes, but does not provide the features of thin storage pools. LVM-based storage pools require a full disk partition. If you activate a new partition or device by using virsh commands, the partition will be formatted and all data will be erased. If you are using a host's existing volume group, as in these procedures, nothing will be erased. To create a volume group with multiple devices, use the LVM utility instead, see How to create a volume group in Linux with LVM . For more detailed information about volume groups, refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Logical Volume Manager Administration Guide . Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select LVM volume group . Note If you do not see the LVM volume group option in the drop down menu, then your hypervisor does not support LVM-based storage pools. Enter the rest of the information: Source volume group - The name of the LVM volume group that you wish to use. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created. The Create storage pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.7. Creating SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices by using the web console An SCSI-based storage pool is based on a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) device. In this configuration, your host must be able to connect to the SCSI device by using a virtual host bus adapter (vHBA). Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . Create a vHBA. For more information, see Creating vHBAs . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the RHEL web console, click Storage pools in the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools, if any. Click Create storage pool . The Create storage pool dialog appears. Enter a name for the storage pool. In the Type drop down menu, select iSCSI direct target . Note If you do not see the iSCSI direct target option in the drop down menu, then your hypervisor does not support SCSI-based storage pools. Enter the rest of the information: Host - The hostname of the network server where the mount point is located. This can be a hostname or an IP address. Source path - The unique iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN) of the iSCSI target. Initiator - The unique iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN) of the iSCSI initiator, the vHBA. Startup - Whether or not the storage pool starts when the host boots. Click Create . The storage pool is created. The Create storage pool dialog closes, and the new storage pool appears in the list of storage pools. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.8. Removing storage pools by using the web console If you no longer require a storage pool, or if you want to free up resources on the host or on the network to improve system performance, you can remove the storage pool. Important Unless explicitly specified, deleting a storage pool does not simultaneously delete the storage volumes inside that pool. If you only want to temporarily deactivate a storage pool instead of deleting it, see Deactivating storage pools by using the web console Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Detach the disk from the VM. If you want to delete the associated storage volumes along with the pool, activate the pool. Procedure Click Storage Pools on the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage Pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools. Click the Menu button ... of the storage pool you want to delete and click Delete . A confirmation dialog appears. Optional: To delete the storage volumes inside the pool, select the corresponding check boxes in the dialog. Click Delete . The storage pool is deleted. If you had selected the checkbox in the step, the associated storage volumes are deleted as well. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.3.9. Deactivating storage pools by using the web console If you do not want to permanently delete a storage pool, you can temporarily deactivate it instead. When you deactivate a storage pool, no new volumes can be created in that pool. However, any virtual machines (VMs) that have volumes in that pool will continue to run. This is useful for example if you want to limit the number of volumes that can be created in a pool to increase system performance. To deactivate a storage pool by using the RHEL web console, see the following procedure. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . Click Storage Pools at the top of the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage Pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools. Click Deactivate on the storage pool row. The storage pool is deactivated. Additional resources Understanding storage pools Viewing storage pool information by using the web console 12.4. Parameters for creating storage pools Based on the type of storage pool you require, you can modify its XML configuration file and define a specific type of storage pool. This section provides information about the XML parameters required for creating various types of storage pools along with examples. 12.4.1. Directory-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify a directory-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a directory-based storage pool. Table 12.1. Directory-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='dir'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path> target_path </path> </target> Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the /guest_images directory: <pool type='dir'> <name>dirpool</name> <target> <path>/guest_images</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating directory-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.2. Disk-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify a disk-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a disk-based storage pool. Table 12.2. Disk-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='disk'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The path specifying the storage device. For example, /dev/sdb . <source> <path> source_path </path> </source> The path specifying the target device. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path> target_path </path> </target> Example The following is an example of an XML file for a disk-based storage pool: <pool type='disk'> <name>phy_disk</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdb'/> <format type='gpt'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating disk-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.3. Filesystem-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify a filesystem-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a filesystem-based storage pool. Table 12.3. Filesystem-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='fs'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The path specifying the partition. For example, /dev/sdc1 <source> <device path= device_path /> The file system type, for example ext4 . <format type= fs_type /> </source> The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path> path-to-pool </path> </target> Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the /dev/sdc1 partition: <pool type='fs'> <name>guest_images_fs</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdc1'/> <format type='auto'/> </source> <target> <path>/guest_images</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating filesystem-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.4. GlusterFS-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify a GlusterFS-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a GlusterFS-based storage pool. Table 12.4. GlusterFS-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='gluster'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The hostname or IP address of the Gluster server <source> <name= gluster-name /> The path on the Gluster server used for the storage pool. <dir path= gluster-path /> </source> Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the Gluster file system at 111.222.111.222: <pool type='gluster'> <name>Gluster_pool</name> <source> <host name='111.222.111.222'/> <dir path='/'/> <name>gluster-vol1</name> </source> </pool> Additional resources Creating GlusterFS-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.5. iSCSI-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify an iSCSI-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for an iSCSI-based storage pool. Table 12.5. iSCSI-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='iscsi'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The name of the host <source> <host name= hostname /> The iSCSI IQN <device path= iSCSI_IQN /> </source> The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path> /dev/disk/by-path </path> </target> [Optional] The IQN of the iSCSI initiator. This is only needed when the ACL restricts the LUN to a particular initiator. <initiator> <iqn name=' initiator0 ' /> </initiator> Note The IQN of the iSCSI initiator can be determined by using the virsh find-storage-pool-sources-as iscsi command. Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the specified iSCSI device: <pool type='iscsi'> <name>iSCSI_pool</name> <source> <host name='server1.example.com'/> <device path='iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating iSCSI-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.6. LVM-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify an LVM-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a LVM-based storage pool. Table 12.6. LVM-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='logical'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The path to the device for the storage pool <source> <device path=' device_path ' />` The name of the volume group <name> VG-name </name> The virtual group format <format type='lvm2' /> </source> The target path <target> <path= target_path /> </target> Note If the logical volume group is made of multiple disk partitions, there may be multiple source devices listed. For example: Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the specified LVM: <pool type='logical'> <name>guest_images_lvm</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdc'/> <name>libvirt_lvm</name> <format type='lvm2'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/libvirt_lvm</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating LVM-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.7. NFS-based storage pool parameters When you want to create or modify an NFS-based storage pool by using an XML configuration file, you must include certain required parameters. See the following table for more information about these parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for an NFS-based storage pool. Table 12.7. NFS-based storage pool parameters Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='netfs'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The hostname of the network server where the mount point is located. This can be a hostname or an IP address. <source> <host name= hostname /> The format of the storage pool One of the following: <format type='nfs' /> <format type='glusterfs' /> <format type='cifs' /> The directory used on the network server <dir path= source_path /> </source> The path specifying the target. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path> target_path </path> </target> Example The following is an example of an XML file for a storage pool based on the /home/net_mount directory of the file_server NFS server: <pool type='netfs'> <name>nfspool</name> <source> <host name='file_server'/> <format type='nfs'/> <dir path='/home/net_mount'/> </source> <target> <path>/var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating NFS-based storage pools by using the CLI 12.4.8. Parameters for SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices To create or modify an XML configuration file for a SCSi-based storage pool that uses a virtual host adapter bus (vHBA) device, you must include certain required parameters in the XML configuration file. See the following table for more information about the required parameters. You can use the virsh pool-define command to create a storage pool based on the XML configuration in a specified file. For example: Parameters The following table provides a list of required parameters for the XML file for a SCSI-based storage pool with vHBA. Table 12.8. Parameters for SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices Description XML The type of storage pool <pool type='scsi'> The name of the storage pool <name> name </name> The identifier of the vHBA. The parent attribute is optional. <source> <adapter type='fc_host' [parent= parent_scsi_device ] wwnn=' WWNN ' wwpn=' WWPN ' /> </source> The target path. This will be the path used for the storage pool. <target> <path= target_path /> </target> Important When the <path> field is /dev/ , libvirt generates a unique short device path for the volume device path. For example, /dev/sdc . Otherwise, the physical host path is used. For example, /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:10:00.0-fc-0x5006016044602198-lun-0 . The unique short device path allows the same volume to be listed in multiple virtual machines (VMs) by multiple storage pools. If the physical host path is used by multiple VMs, duplicate device type warnings may occur. Note The parent attribute can be used in the <adapter> field to identify the physical HBA parent from which the NPIV LUNs by varying paths can be used. This field, scsi_hostN , is combined with the vports and max_vports attributes to complete the parent identification. The parent , parent_wwnn , parent_wwpn , or parent_fabric_wwn attributes provide varying degrees of assurance that after the host reboots the same HBA is used. If no parent is specified, libvirt uses the first scsi_hostN adapter that supports NPIV. If only the parent is specified, problems can arise if additional SCSI host adapters are added to the configuration. If parent_wwnn or parent_wwpn is specified, after the host reboots the same HBA is used. If parent_fabric_wwn is used, after the host reboots an HBA on the same fabric is selected, regardless of the scsi_hostN used. Examples The following are examples of XML files for SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA. A storage pool that is the only storage pool on the HBA: <pool type='scsi'> <name>vhbapool_host3</name> <source> <adapter type='fc_host' wwnn='5001a4a93526d0a1' wwpn='5001a4ace3ee047d'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool> A storage pool that is one of several storage pools that use a single vHBA and uses the parent attribute to identify the SCSI host device: <pool type='scsi'> <name>vhbapool_host3</name> <source> <adapter type='fc_host' parent='scsi_host3' wwnn='5001a4a93526d0a1' wwpn='5001a4ace3ee047d'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool> Additional resources Creating SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices by using the CLI 12.5. Managing virtual machine storage volumes by using the CLI You can use the CLI to manage the following aspects of your storage volumes to assign storage to your virtual machines (VMs): View storage volume information Create storage volumes Delete storage volumes 12.5.1. Viewing storage volume information by using the CLI By using the command line, you can view a list of all storage pools available on your host, as well as details about a specified storage pool Procedure Use the virsh vol-list command to list the storage volumes in a specified storage pool. Use the virsh vol-info command to list the storage volumes in a specified storage pool. 12.5.2. Creating and assigning storage volumes by using the CLI To obtain a disk image and attach it to a virtual machine (VM) as a virtual disk, create a storage volume and assign its XML configuration to a the VM. Prerequisites A storage pool with unallocated space is present on the host. To verify, list the storage pools on the host: If you do not have an existing storage pool, create one. For more information, see Managing storage for virtual machines . Procedure Create a storage volume by using the virsh vol-create-as command. For example, to create a 20 GB qcow2 volume based on the guest-images-fs storage pool: Important : Specific storage pool types do not support the virsh vol-create-as command and instead require specific processes to create storage volumes: GlusterFS-based - Use the qemu-img command to create storage volumes. iSCSI-based - Prepare the iSCSI LUNs in advance on the iSCSI server. Multipath-based - Use the multipathd command to prepare or manage the multipath. vHBA-based - Prepare the fibre channel card in advance. Create an XML file, and add the following lines in it. This file will be used to add the storage volume as a disk to a VM. <disk type='volume' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source pool='guest-images-fs' volume='vm-disk1'/> <target dev='hdk' bus='ide'/> </disk> This example specifies a virtual disk that uses the vm-disk1 volume, created in the step, and sets the volume to be set up as disk hdk on an ide bus. Modify the respective parameters as appropriate for your environment. Important : With specific storage pool types, you must use different XML formats to describe a storage volume disk. For GlusterFS-based pools: <disk type='network' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source protocol='gluster' name='Volume1/Image'> <host name='example.org' port='6000'/> </source> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </disk> For multipath-based pools: <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source dev='/dev/mapper/mpatha' /> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> </disk> For RBD-based storage pools: <disk type='network' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source protocol='rbd' name='pool/image'> <host name='mon1.example.org' port='6321'/> </source> <target dev='vdc' bus='virtio'/> </disk> Use the XML file to assign the storage volume as a disk to a VM. For example, to assign a disk defined in ~/vm-disk1.xml to the testguest1 VM, use the following command: Verification In the guest operating system of the VM, confirm that the disk image has become available as an un-formatted and un-allocated disk. 12.5.3. Deleting storage volumes by using the CLI To remove a storage volume from your host system, you must stop the pool and remove its XML definition. Prerequisites Any virtual machine that uses the storage volume you want to delete is shut down. Procedure Use the virsh vol-list command to list the storage volumes in a specified storage pool. Optional: Use the virsh vol-wipe command to wipe a storage volume. For example, to wipe a storage volume named vm-disk1 associated with the storage pool RHEL-SP : Use the virsh vol-delete command to delete a storage volume. For example, to delete a storage volume named vm-disk1 associated with the storage pool RHEL-SP : Verification Use the virsh vol-list command again to verify that the storage volume was deleted. 12.6. Managing virtual disk images by using the CLI Virtual disk images are a type of virtual storage volumes and provide storage to virtual machines (VMs) in a similar way as hard drives provide storage for physical machines. When creating a new VM , libvirt creates a new disk image automatically, unless you specify otherwise. However, depending on your use case, you might want to create and manage a disk image separately from the VM. 12.6.1. Creating a virtual disk image by using qemu-img If you require creating a new virtual disk image separately from a new virtual machine (VM) and creating a storage volume is not viable for you, you can use the qemu-img command-line utility. Procedure Create a virtual disk image by using the qemu-img utility: For example, the following command creates a qcow2 disk image named test-image with the size of 30 gigabytes: Verification Display the information about the image you created and check that it has the required size and does not report any corruption: Additional resources Creating and assigning storage volumes by using the CLI Adding new disks to virtual machines by using the web console qemu-img man page on your system 12.6.2. Checking the consistency of a virtual disk image Before attaching a disk image to a virtual machine (VM), ensure that the disk image does not have problems, such as corruption or high fragmentation. To do so, you can use the qemu-img check command. If needed, you can also use this command to attempt repairing the disk image. Prerequisites Any virtual machines (VMs) that use the disk image must be shut down. Procedure Use the qemu-img check command on the image you want to test. For example: If the check finds problems on the disk image, the output of the command looks similar to the following: To attempt repairing the detected issues, use the qemu-img check command with the -r all option. Note, however, that this might fix only some of the problems. Warning Repairing the disk image can cause data corruption or other issues. Back up the disk image before attempting the repair. This output indicates the number of problems found on the disk image after the repair. If further disk image repairs are required, you can use various libguestfs tools in the guestfish shell . Additional resources qemu-img and guestfish man pages on your system 12.6.3. Resizing a virtual disk image If an existing disk image requires additional space, you can use the qemu-img resize utility to change the size of the image to fit your use case. Prerequisites You have created a backup of the disk image. Any virtual machines (VMs) that use the disk image must be shutdown. Warning Resizing the disk image of a running VM can cause data corruption or other issues. The hard disk of the host has sufficient free space for the intended disk image size. Optional: You have ensured that the disk image does not have data corruption or similar problems. For instructions, see Checking the consistency of a virtual disk image . Procedure Determine the location of the disk image file for the VM you want to resize. For example: Optional: Back up the current disk image. Use the qemu-img resize utility to resize the image. For example, to increase the <example-image.qcow2> size by 10 gigabytes: Resize the file system, partitions, or physical volumes inside the disk image to use the additional space. To do so in a RHEL guest operating system, use the instructions in Managing storage devices and Managing file systems . Verification Display information about the resized image and see if it has the intended size: Check the resized disk image for potential errors. For instructions, see Checking the consistency of a virtual disk image . Additional resources qemu-img man page on your system Managing storage devices Managing file systems 12.6.4. Converting between virtual disk image formats You can convert the virtual disk image to a different format by using the qemu-img convert command. For example, converting between virtual disk image formats might be necessary if you want to attach the disk image to a virtual machine (VM) running on a different hypervisor. Prerequisites Any virtual machines (VMs) that use the disk image must be shut down. The source disk image format must be supported for conversion by QEMU. For a detailed list, see Supported disk image formats . Procedure Use the qemu-img convert command to convert an existing virtual disk image to a different format. For example, to convert a raw disk image to a QCOW2 disk image: Verification Display information about the converted image and see if it has the intended format and size. Check the disk image for potential errors. for instructions, see Checking the consistency of a virtual disk image . Additional resources Checking the consistency of a virtual disk image Supported disk image formats qemu-img man page on your system 12.6.5. Supported disk image formats To run a virtual machine (VM) on RHEL, you must use a disk image with a supported format. You can also convert certain unsupported disk images to a supported format. Supported disk image formats for VMs You can use disk images that use the following formats to run VMs in RHEL: qcow2 - Provides certain additional features, such as compression. raw - Might provide better performance. luks - Disk images encrypted by using the Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) specification. Supported disk image formats for conversion If required, you can convert your disk images between the raw and qcow2 formats by using the qemu-img convert command . If you require converting a vmdk disk image to a raw or qcow2 format, convert the VM that uses the disk to KVM by using the virt-v2v utility . To convert other disk image formats to raw or qcow2 , you can use the qemu-img convert command . For a list of formats that work with this command, see the QEMU documentation . Note that in most cases, converting the disk image format of a non-KVM virtual machine to qcow2 or raw is not sufficient for the VM to correctly run on RHEL KVM. In addition to converting the disk image, corresponding drivers must be installed and configured in the guest operating system of the VM. For supported hypervisor conversion, use the virt-v2v utility. Additional resources Converting virtual machines from other hypervisors to KVM with virt-v2v in RHEL 7, RHEL 8, and RHEL 9 Converting between virtual disk image formats 12.7. Managing virtual machine storage volumes by using the web console By using the RHEL, you can manage the storage volumes used to allocate storage to your virtual machines (VMs). You can use the RHEL web console to: Create storage volumes . Remove storage volumes . 12.7.1. Creating storage volumes by using the web console To create a functioning virtual machine (VM) you require a local storage device assigned to the VM that can store the VM image and VM-related data. You can create a storage volume in a storage pool and assign it to a VM as a storage disk. To create storage volumes by using the web console, see the following procedure. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . Click Storage Pools at the top of the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage Pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools. In the Storage Pools window, click the storage pool from which you want to create a storage volume. The row expands to reveal the Overview pane with basic information about the selected storage pool. Click Storage Volumes to the Overview tab in the expanded row. The Storage Volume tab appears with basic information about existing storage volumes, if any. Click Create Volume . The Create storage volume dialog appears. Enter the following information in the Create Storage Volume dialog: Name - The name of the storage volume. Size - The size of the storage volume in MiB or GiB. Format - The format of the storage volume. The supported types are qcow2 and raw . Click Create . The storage volume is created, the Create Storage Volume dialog closes, and the new storage volume appears in the list of storage volumes. Additional resources Understanding storage volumes Adding new disks to virtual machines by using the web console 12.7.2. Removing storage volumes by using the web console You can remove storage volumes to free up space in the storage pool, or to remove storage items associated with defunct virtual machines (VMs). To remove storage volumes by using the RHEL web console, see the following procedure. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Any virtual machine that uses the storage volume you want to delete is shut down. Procedure Click Storage Pools at the top of the Virtual Machines tab. The Storage Pools window appears, showing a list of configured storage pools. In the Storage Pools window, click the storage pool from which you want to remove a storage volume. The row expands to reveal the Overview pane with basic information about the selected storage pool. Click Storage Volumes to the Overview tab in the expanded row. The Storage Volume tab appears with basic information about existing storage volumes, if any. Select the storage volume you want to remove. Click Delete 1 Volume Additional resources Understanding storage volumes 12.8. Managing virtual machine storage disks by using the web console By using RHEL, you can manage the storage disks that are attached to your virtual machines (VMs). You can use the RHEL web console to: View VM disk information . Add new disks to a VM . Attach disks to a VM . Detach disks from a VM . 12.8.1. Viewing virtual machine disk information in the web console By using the web console, you can view detailed information about disks assigned to a selected virtual machine (VM). Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . Click the VM whose information you want to see. A new page opens with an Overview section with basic information about the selected VM and a Console section to access the VM's graphical interface. Scroll to Disks . The Disks section displays information about the disks assigned to the VM, as well as options to Add or Edit disks. The information includes the following: Device - The device type of the disk. Used - The amount of disk currently allocated. Capacity - The maximum size of the storage volume. Bus - The type of disk device that is emulated. Access - Whether the disk is Writeable or Read-only . For raw disks, you can also set the access to Writeable and shared . Source - The disk device or file. Additional resources Viewing virtual machine information by using the web console 12.8.2. Adding new disks to virtual machines by using the web console You can add new disks to virtual machines (VMs) by creating a new storage volume and attaching it to a VM by using the RHEL 8 web console. Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the Virtual Machines interface, click the VM for which you want to create and attach a new disk. A new page opens with an Overview section with basic information about the selected VM and a Console section to access the VM's graphical interface. Scroll to Disks . The Disks section displays information about the disks assigned to the VM, as well as options to Add or Edit disks. Click Add Disk . The Add Disk dialog appears. Select the Create New option. Configure the new disk. Pool - Select the storage pool from which the virtual disk will be created. Name - Enter a name for the virtual disk that will be created. Size - Enter the size and select the unit (MiB or GiB) of the virtual disk that will be created. Format - Select the format for the virtual disk that will be created. The supported types are qcow2 and raw . Persistence - If checked, the virtual disk is persistent. If not checked, the virtual disk is transient. Note Transient disks can only be added to VMs that are running. Additional Options - Set additional configurations for the virtual disk. Cache - Select the cache mechanism. Bus - Select the type of disk device to emulate. Disk Identifier - Set an identifier for the attached disk that you can use for multipath storage setups. The identifier is also useful when using proprietary software licensed to specific disk serial numbers. Click Add . The virtual disk is created and connected to the VM. Additional resources Viewing virtual machine disk information in the web console Attaching existing disks to virtual machines by using the web console Detaching disks from virtual machines by using the web console 12.8.3. Attaching existing disks to virtual machines by using the web console By using the web console, you can attach existing storage volumes as disks to a virtual machine (VM). Prerequisites You have installed the RHEL 8 web console. You have enabled the cockpit service. Your user account is allowed to log in to the web console. For instructions, see Installing and enabling the web console . The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure Log in to the RHEL 8 web console. For details, see Logging in to the web console . In the Virtual Machines interface, click the VM for which you want to create and attach a new disk. A new page opens with an Overview section with basic information about the selected VM and a Console section to access the VM's graphical interface. Scroll to Disks . The Disks section displays information about the disks assigned to the VM, as well as options to Add or Edit disks. Click Add Disk . The Add Disk dialog appears. Click the Use Existing radio button. The appropriate configuration fields appear in the Add Disk dialog. Configure the disk for the VM. Pool - Select the storage pool from which the virtual disk will be attached. Volume - Select the storage volume that will be attached. Persistence - Available when the VM is running. Select the Always attach checkbox to make the virtual disk persistent. Clear the checkbox to make the virtual disk transient. Additional Options - Set additional configurations for the virtual disk. Cache - Select the cache mechanism. Bus - Select the type of disk device to emulate. Disk Identifier - Set an identifier for the attached disk that you can use for multipath storage setups. The identifier is also useful when using proprietary software licensed to specific disk serial numbers. Click Add The selected virtual disk is attached to the VM. Additional resources Viewing virtual machine disk information in the web console Adding new disks to virtual machines by using the web console Detaching disks from virtual machines by using the web console 12.8.4. Detaching disks from virtual machines by using the web console By using the web console, you can detach disks from virtual machines (VMs). Prerequisites The web console VM plug-in is installed on your system . Procedure In the Virtual Machines interface, click the VM from which you want to detach a disk. A new page opens with an Overview section with basic information about the selected VM and a Console section to access the VM's graphical interface. Scroll to Disks . The Disks section displays information about the disks assigned to the VM, as well as options to Add or Edit disks. On the right side of the row for the disk that you want to detach, click the Menu button ... . In the drop-down menu that appears, click the Remove button. A Remove disk from VM? confirmation dialog box appears. In the confirmation dialog box, click Remove . Optionally, if you also want to remove the disk image, click Remove and delete file . The virtual disk is detached from the VM. Additional resources Viewing virtual machine disk information in the web console Adding new disks to virtual machines by using the web console Attaching existing disks to virtual machines by using the web console 12.9. Securing iSCSI storage pools with libvirt secrets Username and password parameters can be configured with virsh to secure an iSCSI storage pool. You can configure this before or after you define the pool, but the pool must be started for the authentication settings to take effect. The following provides instructions for securing iSCSI-based storage pools with libvirt secrets. Note This procedure is required if a user_ID and password were defined when creating the iSCSI target. Prerequisites Ensure that you have created an iSCSI-based storage pool. For more information, see Creating iSCSI-based storage pools by using the CLI . Procedure Create a libvirt secret file with a challenge-handshake authentication protocol (CHAP) user name. For example: <secret ephemeral='no' private='yes'> <description>Passphrase for the iSCSI example.com server</description> <usage type='iscsi'> <target>iscsirhel7secret</target> </usage> </secret> Define the libvirt secret with the virsh secret-define command: Verify the UUID with the virsh secret-list command: Assign a secret to the UUID in the output of the step using the virsh secret-set-value command. This ensures that the CHAP username and password are in a libvirt-controlled secret list. For example: Add an authentication entry in the storage pool's XML file using the virsh edit command, and add an <auth> element, specifying authentication type , username , and secret usage . For example: <pool type='iscsi'> <name>iscsirhel7pool</name> <source> <host name='192.0.2.1'/> <device path='iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest'/> <auth type='chap' username='_example-user_'> <secret usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool> Note The <auth> sub-element exists in different locations within the virtual machine's <pool> and <disk> XML elements. For a <pool> , <auth> is specified within the <source> element, as this describes where to find the pool sources, since authentication is a property of some pool sources (iSCSI and RBD). For a <disk> , which is a sub-element of a domain, the authentication to the iSCSI or RBD disk is a property of the disk. In addition, the <auth> sub-element for a disk differs from that of a storage pool. <auth username='redhat'> <secret type='iscsi' usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth> To activate the changes, activate the storage pool. If the pool has already been started, stop and restart the storage pool: 12.10. Creating vHBAs A virtual host bus adapter (vHBA) device connects the host system to an SCSI device and is required for creating an SCSI-based storage pool. You can create a vHBA device by defining it in an XML configuration file. Procedure Locate the HBAs on your host system, by using the virsh nodedev-list --cap vports command. The following example shows a host that has two HBAs that support vHBA: View the HBA's details, by using the virsh nodedev-dumpxml HBA_device command. The output from the command lists the <name> , <wwnn> , and <wwpn> fields, which are used to create a vHBA. <max_vports> shows the maximum number of supported vHBAs. For example: <device> <name>scsi_host3</name> <path>/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/0000:10:00.0/host3</path> <parent>pci_0000_10_00_0</parent> <capability type='scsi_host'> <host>3</host> <unique_id>0</unique_id> <capability type='fc_host'> <wwnn>20000000c9848140</wwnn> <wwpn>10000000c9848140</wwpn> <fabric_wwn>2002000573de9a81</fabric_wwn> </capability> <capability type='vport_ops'> <max_vports>127</max_vports> <vports>0</vports> </capability> </capability> </device> In this example, the <max_vports> value shows there are a total 127 virtual ports available for use in the HBA configuration. The <vports> value shows the number of virtual ports currently being used. These values update after creating a vHBA. Create an XML file similar to one of the following for the vHBA host. In these examples, the file is named vhba_host3.xml . This example uses scsi_host3 to describe the parent vHBA. <device> <parent>scsi_host3</parent> <capability type='scsi_host'> <capability type='fc_host'> </capability> </capability> </device> This example uses a WWNN/WWPN pair to describe the parent vHBA. <device> <name>vhba</name> <parent wwnn='20000000c9848140' wwpn='10000000c9848140'/> <capability type='scsi_host'> <capability type='fc_host'> </capability> </capability> </device> Note The WWNN and WWPN values must match those in the HBA details seen in the step. The <parent> field specifies the HBA device to associate with this vHBA device. The details in the <device> tag are used in the step to create a new vHBA device for the host. For more information about the nodedev XML format, see the libvirt upstream pages . Note The virsh command does not provide a way to define the parent_wwnn , parent_wwpn , or parent_fabric_wwn attributes. Create a VHBA based on the XML file created in the step by using the virsh nodev-create command. Verification Verify the new vHBA's details (scsi_host5) by using the virsh nodedev-dumpxml command: Additional resources Creating SCSI-based storage pools with vHBA devices by using the CLI

Commands:
virsh vol-info --pool guest_images firstimage Name: firstimage Type: block Capacity: 20.00 GB Allocation: 20.00 GB
virsh pool-list --all --details Name State Autostart Persistent Capacity Allocation Available default running yes yes 48.97 GiB 23.93 GiB 25.03 GiB Downloads running yes yes 175.62 GiB 62.02 GiB 113.60 GiB RHEL-Storage-Pool running yes yes 214.62 GiB 93.02 GiB 168.60 GiB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'dir' supported='yes'"
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_dir dir --target "/guest_images" Pool guest_images_dir defined
virsh pool-build guest_images_dir Pool guest_images_dir built ls -la /guest_images total 8 drwx------. 2 root root 4096 May 31 19:38 . dr-xr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 May 31 19:38 ..
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_dir inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_dir Pool guest_images_dir started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_dir Pool guest_images_dir marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_dir Name: guest_images_dir UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'disk' supported='yes'"
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_disk disk --source-format=gpt --source-dev=/dev/sdb --target /dev Pool guest_images_disk defined
virsh pool-build guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk built
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_disk inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_disk Pool guest_images_disk marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_disk Name: guest_images_disk UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'fs' supported='yes'"
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="5ef6313a-257c-4d43@/dev/sdb1"
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_fs fs --source-dev /dev/sdc1 --target /guest_images Pool guest_images_fs defined
virsh pool-build guest_images_fs Pool guest_images_fs built ls -la /guest_images total 8 drwx------. 2 root root 4096 May 31 19:38 . dr-xr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 May 31 19:38 ..
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_fs inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_fs Pool guest_images_fs started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_fs Pool guest_images_fs marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_fs Name: guest_images_fs UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
mount | grep /guest_images /dev/sdc1 on /guest_images type ext4 (rw) ls -la /guest_images total 24 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 31 19:47 . dr-xr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 May 31 19:38 .. drwx------. 2 root root 16384 May 31 14:18 lost+found
gluster volume status Status of volume: gluster-vol1 Gluster process Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------ Brick 222.111.222.111:/gluster-vol1 49155 Y 18634 Task Status of Volume gluster-vol1 ------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks
setsebool virt_use_fusefs on getsebool virt_use_fusefs virt_use_fusefs --> on
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'gluster' supported='yes'"
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_glusterfs --type gluster --source-host 111.222.111.222 --source-name gluster-vol1 --source-path / Pool guest_images_glusterfs defined
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart -------------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_glusterfs inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_glusterfs Pool guest_images_glusterfs started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_glusterfs Pool guest_images_glusterfs marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_glusterfs Name: guest_images_glusterfs UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'iscsi' supported='yes'"
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_iscsi --type iscsi --source-host server1.example.com --source-dev iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest --target /dev/disk/by-path Pool guest_images_iscsi defined
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_iscsi inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_iscsi Pool guest_images_iscsi started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_iscsi Pool guest_images_iscsi marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_iscsi Name: guest_images_iscsi UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'logical' supported='yes'"
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_lvm logical --source-name lvm_vg --target /dev/lvm_vg Pool guest_images_lvm defined
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_lvm inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_lvm Pool guest_images_lvm started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_lvm Pool guest_images_lvm marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_lvm Name: guest_images_lvm UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "<value>nfs</value>"
virsh pool-define-as --name guest_images_netfs --type netfs --source-host='111.222.111.222' --source-path='/home/net_mount' --source-format='nfs' --target='/var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool'
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_netfs inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_netfs Pool guest_images_netfs started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_netfs Pool guest_images_netfs marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_netfs Name: guest_images_netfs UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-capabilities | grep "'scsi' supported='yes'"
virsh pool-define-as guest_images_vhba scsi --adapter-parent scsi_host3 --adapter-wwnn 5001a4a93526d0a1 --adapter-wwpn 5001a4ace3ee047d --target /dev/disk/ Pool guest_images_vhba defined
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ----------------------------------------- default active yes guest_images_vhba inactive no
virsh pool-start guest_images_vhba Pool guest_images_vhba started
virsh pool-autostart guest_images_vhba Pool guest_images_vhba marked as autostarted
virsh pool-info guest_images_vhba Name: guest_images_vhba UUID: c7466869-e82a-a66c-2187-dc9d6f0877d0 State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 458.39 GB Allocation: 197.91 MB Available: 458.20 GB
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- default active yes Downloads active yes RHEL-Storage-Pool active yes
virsh pool-destroy Downloads Pool Downloads destroyed
virsh pool-delete Downloads Pool Downloads deleted
virsh pool-undefine Downloads Pool Downloads has been undefined
virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- default active yes rhel-Storage-Pool active yes
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_dir
<pool type='dir'> <name>dirpool</name> <target> <path>/guest_images</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_disk
<pool type='disk'> <name>phy_disk</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdb'/> <format type='gpt'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_fs
<pool type='fs'> <name>guest_images_fs</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdc1'/> <format type='auto'/> </source> <target> <path>/guest_images</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_glusterfs
<pool type='gluster'> <name>Gluster_pool</name> <source> <host name='111.222.111.222'/> <dir path='/'/> <name>gluster-vol1</name> </source> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_iscsi
<pool type='iscsi'> <name>iSCSI_pool</name> <source> <host name='server1.example.com'/> <device path='iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_logical
<source> <device path='/dev/sda1'/> <device path='/dev/sdb3'/> <device path='/dev/sdc2'/> </source>
<pool type='logical'> <name>guest_images_lvm</name> <source> <device path='/dev/sdc'/> <name>libvirt_lvm</name> <format type='lvm2'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/libvirt_lvm</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_netfs
<pool type='netfs'> <name>nfspool</name> <source> <host name='file_server'/> <format type='nfs'/> <dir path='/home/net_mount'/> </source> <target> <path>/var/lib/libvirt/images/nfspool</path> </target> </pool>
virsh pool-define ~/guest_images.xml Pool defined from guest_images_vhba
<pool type='scsi'> <name>vhbapool_host3</name> <source> <adapter type='fc_host' wwnn='5001a4a93526d0a1' wwpn='5001a4ace3ee047d'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool>
<pool type='scsi'> <name>vhbapool_host3</name> <source> <adapter type='fc_host' parent='scsi_host3' wwnn='5001a4a93526d0a1' wwpn='5001a4ace3ee047d'/> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool>
virsh vol-list --pool RHEL-Storage-Pool --details Name Path Type Capacity Allocation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .bash_history /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_history file 18.70 KiB 20.00 KiB .bash_logout /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_logout file 18.00 B 4.00 KiB .bash_profile /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_profile file 193.00 B 4.00 KiB .bashrc /home/VirtualMachines/.bashrc file 1.29 KiB 4.00 KiB .git-prompt.sh /home/VirtualMachines/.git-prompt.sh file 15.84 KiB 16.00 KiB .gitconfig /home/VirtualMachines/.gitconfig file 167.00 B 4.00 KiB RHEL_Volume.qcow2 /home/VirtualMachines/RHEL8_Volume.qcow2 file 60.00 GiB 13.93 GiB
virsh vol-info --pool RHEL-Storage-Pool --vol RHEL_Volume.qcow2 Name: RHEL_Volume.qcow2 Type: file Capacity: 60.00 GiB Allocation: 13.93 GiB
virsh pool-list --details Name State Autostart Persistent Capacity Allocation Available -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- default running yes yes 48.97 GiB 36.34 GiB 12.63 GiB Downloads running yes yes 175.92 GiB 121.20 GiB 54.72 GiB VM-disks running yes yes 175.92 GiB 121.20 GiB 54.72 GiB
virsh vol-create-as --pool guest-images-fs --name vm-disk1 --capacity 20 --format qcow2
<disk type='volume' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source pool='guest-images-fs' volume='vm-disk1'/> <target dev='hdk' bus='ide'/> </disk>
<disk type='network' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source protocol='gluster' name='Volume1/Image'> <host name='example.org' port='6000'/> </source> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </disk>
<disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source dev='/dev/mapper/mpatha' /> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> </disk>
<disk type='network' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source protocol='rbd' name='pool/image'> <host name='mon1.example.org' port='6321'/> </source> <target dev='vdc' bus='virtio'/> </disk>
virsh attach-device --config testguest1 ~/vm-disk1.xml
virsh vol-list --pool RHEL-SP Name Path --------------------------------------------------------------- .bash_history /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_history .bash_logout /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_logout .bash_profile /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_profile .bashrc /home/VirtualMachines/.bashrc .git-prompt.sh /home/VirtualMachines/.git-prompt.sh .gitconfig /home/VirtualMachines/.gitconfig vm-disk1 /home/VirtualMachines/vm-disk1
virsh vol-wipe --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1 Vol vm-disk1 wiped
virsh vol-delete --pool RHEL-SP vm-disk1 Vol vm-disk1 deleted
virsh vol-list --pool RHEL-SP Name Path --------------------------------------------------------------- .bash_history /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_history .bash_logout /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_logout .bash_profile /home/VirtualMachines/.bash_profile .bashrc /home/VirtualMachines/.bashrc .git-prompt.sh /home/VirtualMachines/.git-prompt.sh .gitconfig /home/VirtualMachines/.gitconfig
qemu-img create -f <format> <image-name> <size>
qemu-img create -f qcow2 test-image 30G Formatting 'test-img', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=32212254720 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
qemu-img info <test-img> image: test-img file format: qcow2 virtual size: 30 GiB (32212254720 bytes) disk size: 196 KiB cluster_size: 65536 Format specific information: compat: 1.1 compression type: zlib lazy refcounts: false refcount bits: 16 corrupt: false extended l2: false
qemu-img check <test-name.qcow2> No errors were found on the image. 327434/327680 = 99.92% allocated, 0.00% fragmented, 0.00% compressed clusters Image end offset: 21478375424
167 errors were found on the image. Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image may corrupt it. 453368 leaked clusters were found on the image. This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data. 259 internal errors have occurred during the check. Image end offset: 21478375424
qemu-img check -r all <test-name.qcow2> [...] 122 errors were found on the image. Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image may corrupt it. 250 internal errors have occurred during the check. Image end offset: 27071414272
virsh domblklist <vm-name> Target Source ---------------------------------------------------------- vda /home/username/disk-images/ example-image.qcow2
cp <example-image.qcow2> <example-image-backup.qcow2>
qemu-img resize <example-image.qcow2> +10G
qemu-img info <converted-image.qcow2> image: converted-image.qcow2 file format: qcow2 virtual size: 30 GiB (32212254720 bytes) disk size: 196 KiB cluster_size: 65536 Format specific information: compat: 1.1 compression type: zlib lazy refcounts: false refcount bits: 16 corrupt: false extended l2: false
qemu-img convert -f raw <original-image.img> -O qcow2 <converted-image.qcow2>
qemu-img info <converted-image.qcow2> image: converted-image.qcow2 file format: qcow2 virtual size: 30 GiB (32212254720 bytes) disk size: 196 KiB cluster_size: 65536 Format specific information: compat: 1.1 compression type: zlib lazy refcounts: false refcount bits: 16 corrupt: false extended l2: false
<secret ephemeral='no' private='yes'> <description>Passphrase for the iSCSI example.com server</description> <usage type='iscsi'> <target>iscsirhel7secret</target> </usage> </secret>
virsh secret-define secret.xml
virsh secret-list UUID Usage -------------------------------------------------------------- 2d7891af-20be-4e5e-af83-190e8a922360 iscsi iscsirhel7secret
virsh secret-set-value --interactive 2d7891af-20be-4e5e-af83-190e8a922360 Enter new value for secret: Secret value set
<pool type='iscsi'> <name>iscsirhel7pool</name> <source> <host name='192.0.2.1'/> <device path='iqn.2010-05.com.example.server1:iscsirhel7guest'/> <auth type='chap' username='_example-user_'> <secret usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth> </source> <target> <path>/dev/disk/by-path</path> </target> </pool>
<auth username='redhat'> <secret type='iscsi' usage='iscsirhel7secret'/> </auth>
virsh pool-destroy iscsirhel7pool virsh pool-start iscsirhel7pool
virsh nodedev-list --cap vports scsi_host3 scsi_host4
virsh nodedev-dumpxml scsi_host3
<device> <name>scsi_host3</name> <path>/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/0000:10:00.0/host3</path> <parent>pci_0000_10_00_0</parent> <capability type='scsi_host'> <host>3</host> <unique_id>0</unique_id> <capability type='fc_host'> <wwnn>20000000c9848140</wwnn> <wwpn>10000000c9848140</wwpn> <fabric_wwn>2002000573de9a81</fabric_wwn> </capability> <capability type='vport_ops'> <max_vports>127</max_vports> <vports>0</vports> </capability> </capability> </device>
<device> <parent>scsi_host3</parent> <capability type='scsi_host'> <capability type='fc_host'> </capability> </capability> </device>
<device> <name>vhba</name> <parent wwnn='20000000c9848140' wwpn='10000000c9848140'/> <capability type='scsi_host'> <capability type='fc_host'> </capability> </capability> </device>
virsh nodedev-create vhba_host3 Node device scsi_host5 created from vhba_host3.xml
virsh nodedev-dumpxml scsi_host5 <device> <name>scsi_host5</name> <path>/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/0000:10:00.0/host3/vport-3:0-0/host5</path> <parent>scsi_host3</parent> <capability type='scsi_host'> <host>5</host> <unique_id>2</unique_id> <capability type='fc_host'> <wwnn>5001a4a93526d0a1</wwnn> <wwpn>5001a4ace3ee047d</wwpn> <fabric_wwn>2002000573de9a81</fabric_wwn> </capability> </capability> </device>