Chapter 13. Managing security context constraints In OpenShift Dedicated, you can use security context constraints (SCCs) to control permissions for the pods in your cluster. Default SCCs are created during installation and when you install some Operators or other components. As a cluster administrator, you can also create your own SCCs by using the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Important Do not modify the default SCCs. Customizing the default SCCs can lead to issues when some of the platform pods deploy or OpenShift Dedicated is upgraded. Additionally, the default SCC values are reset to the defaults during some cluster upgrades, which discards all customizations to those SCCs. Instead of modifying the default SCCs, create and modify your own SCCs as needed. For detailed steps, see Creating security context constraints . Note In OpenShift Dedicated deployments, you can create your own SCCs only for clusters that use the Customer Cloud Subscription (CCS) model. You cannot create SCCs for OpenShift Dedicated clusters that use a Red Hat cloud account, because SCC resource creation requires cluster-admin privileges. 13.1. About security context constraints Similar to the way that RBAC resources control user access, administrators can use security context constraints (SCCs) to control permissions for pods. These permissions determine the actions that a pod can perform and what resources it can access. You can use SCCs to define a set of conditions that a pod must run with to be accepted into the system. Security context constraints allow an administrator to control: Whether a pod can run privileged containers with the allowPrivilegedContainer flag Whether a pod is constrained with the allowPrivilegeEscalation flag The capabilities that a container can request The use of host directories as volumes The SELinux context of the container The container user ID The use of host namespaces and networking The allocation of an FSGroup that owns the pod volumes The configuration of allowable supplemental groups Whether a container requires write access to its root file system The usage of volume types The configuration of allowable seccomp profiles Important Do not set the openshift.io/run-level label on any namespaces in OpenShift Dedicated. This label is for use by internal OpenShift Dedicated components to manage the startup of major API groups, such as the Kubernetes API server and OpenShift API server. If the openshift.io/run-level label is set, no SCCs are applied to pods in that namespace, causing any workloads running in that namespace to be highly privileged. 13.1.1. Default security context constraints The cluster contains several default security context constraints (SCCs) as described in the table below. Additional SCCs might be installed when you install Operators or other components to OpenShift Dedicated. Important Do not modify the default SCCs. Customizing the default SCCs can lead to issues when some of the platform pods deploy or OpenShift Dedicated is upgraded. Additionally, the default SCC values are reset to the defaults during some cluster upgrades, which discards all customizations to those SCCs. Instead of modifying the default SCCs, create and modify your own SCCs as needed. For detailed steps, see Creating security context constraints . Table 13.1. Default security context constraints Security context constraint Description anyuid Provides all features of the restricted SCC, but allows users to run with any UID and any GID. nonroot Provides all features of the restricted SCC, but allows users to run with any non-root UID. The user must specify the UID or it must be specified in the manifest of the container runtime. nonroot-v2 Like the nonroot SCC, but with the following differences: ALL capabilities are dropped from containers. The NET_BIND_SERVICE capability can be added explicitly. seccompProfile is set to runtime/default by default. allowPrivilegeEscalation must be unset or set to false in security contexts. restricted Denies access to all host features and requires pods to be run with a UID, and SELinux context that are allocated to the namespace. The restricted SCC: Ensures that pods cannot run as privileged Ensures that pods cannot mount host directory volumes Requires that a pod is run as a user in a pre-allocated range of UIDs Requires that a pod is run with a pre-allocated MCS label Requires that a pod is run with a preallocated FSGroup Allows pods to use any supplemental group In clusters that were upgraded from OpenShift Dedicated 4.10 or earlier, this SCC is available for use by any authenticated user. The restricted SCC is no longer available to users of new OpenShift Dedicated 4.11 or later installations, unless the access is explicitly granted. restricted-v2 Like the restricted SCC, but with the following differences: ALL capabilities are dropped from containers. The NET_BIND_SERVICE capability can be added explicitly. seccompProfile is set to runtime/default by default. allowPrivilegeEscalation must be unset or set to false in security contexts. This is the most restrictive SCC provided by a new installation and will be used by default for authenticated users. Note The restricted-v2 SCC is the most restrictive of the SCCs that is included by default with the system. However, you can create a custom SCC that is even more restrictive. For example, you can create an SCC that restricts readOnlyRootFilesystem to true . 13.1.2. Security context constraints settings Security context constraints (SCCs) are composed of settings and strategies that control the security features a pod has access to. These settings fall into three categories: Category Description Controlled by a boolean Fields of this type default to the most restrictive value. For example, AllowPrivilegedContainer is always set to false if unspecified. Controlled by an allowable set Fields of this type are checked against the set to ensure their value is allowed. Controlled by a strategy Items that have a strategy to generate a value provide: A mechanism to generate the value, and A mechanism to ensure that a specified value falls into the set of allowable values. CRI-O has the following default list of capabilities that are allowed for each container of a pod: CHOWN DAC_OVERRIDE FSETID FOWNER SETGID SETUID SETPCAP NET_BIND_SERVICE KILL The containers use the capabilities from this default list, but pod manifest authors can alter the list by requesting additional capabilities or removing some of the default behaviors. Use the allowedCapabilities , defaultAddCapabilities , and requiredDropCapabilities parameters to control such requests from the pods. With these parameters you can specify which capabilities can be requested, which ones must be added to each container, and which ones must be forbidden, or dropped, from each container. Note You can drop all capabilites from containers by setting the requiredDropCapabilities parameter to ALL . This is what the restricted-v2 SCC does. 13.1.3. Security context constraints strategies RunAsUser MustRunAs - Requires a runAsUser to be configured. Uses the configured runAsUser as the default. Validates against the configured runAsUser . Example MustRunAs snippet ... runAsUser: type: MustRunAs uid: <id> ... MustRunAsRange - Requires minimum and maximum values to be defined if not using pre-allocated values. Uses the minimum as the default. Validates against the entire allowable range. Example MustRunAsRange snippet ... runAsUser: type: MustRunAsRange uidRangeMax: <maxvalue> uidRangeMin: <minvalue> ... MustRunAsNonRoot - Requires that the pod be submitted with a non-zero runAsUser or have the USER directive defined in the image. No default provided. Example MustRunAsNonRoot snippet ... runAsUser: type: MustRunAsNonRoot ... RunAsAny - No default provided. Allows any runAsUser to be specified. Example RunAsAny snippet ... runAsUser: type: RunAsAny ... SELinuxContext MustRunAs - Requires seLinuxOptions to be configured if not using pre-allocated values. Uses seLinuxOptions as the default. Validates against seLinuxOptions . RunAsAny - No default provided. Allows any seLinuxOptions to be specified. SupplementalGroups MustRunAs - Requires at least one range to be specified if not using pre-allocated values. Uses the minimum value of the first range as the default. Validates against all ranges. RunAsAny - No default provided. Allows any supplementalGroups to be specified. FSGroup MustRunAs - Requires at least one range to be specified if not using pre-allocated values. Uses the minimum value of the first range as the default. Validates against the first ID in the first range. RunAsAny - No default provided. Allows any fsGroup ID to be specified. 13.1.4. Controlling volumes for CCS clusters The usage of specific volume types for OpenShift Dedicated with Customer Cloud Subscription (CCS) clusters can be controlled by setting the volumes field of the SCC. The allowable values of this field correspond to the volume sources that are defined when creating a volume: awsElasticBlockStore azureDisk azureFile cephFS cinder configMap csi downwardAPI emptyDir fc flexVolume flocker gcePersistentDisk ephemeral gitRepo glusterfs hostPath iscsi nfs persistentVolumeClaim photonPersistentDisk portworxVolume projected quobyte rbd scaleIO secret storageos vsphereVolume * (A special value to allow the use of all volume types.) none (A special value to disallow the use of all volumes types. Exists only for backwards compatibility.) The recommended minimum set of allowed volumes for new SCCs are configMap , downwardAPI , emptyDir , persistentVolumeClaim , secret , and projected . Note This list of allowable volume types is not exhaustive because new types are added with each release of OpenShift Dedicated. Note For backwards compatibility, the usage of allowHostDirVolumePlugin overrides settings in the volumes field. For example, if allowHostDirVolumePlugin is set to false but allowed in the volumes field, then the hostPath value will be removed from volumes . 13.1.5. Admission control Admission control with SCCs allows for control over the creation of resources based on the capabilities granted to a user. In terms of the SCCs, this means that an admission controller can inspect the user information made available in the context to retrieve an appropriate set of SCCs. Doing so ensures the pod is authorized to make requests about its operating environment or to generate a set of constraints to apply to the pod. The set of SCCs that admission uses to authorize a pod are determined by the user identity and groups that the user belongs to. Additionally, if the pod specifies a service account, the set of allowable SCCs includes any constraints accessible to the service account. Note When you create a workload resource, such as deployment, only the service account is used to find the SCCs and admit the pods when they are created. Admission uses the following approach to create the final security context for the pod: Retrieve all SCCs available for use. Generate field values for security context settings that were not specified on the request. Validate the final settings against the available constraints. If a matching set of constraints is found, then the pod is accepted. If the request cannot be matched to an SCC, the pod is rejected. A pod must validate every field against the SCC. The following are examples for just two of the fields that must be validated: Note These examples are in the context of a strategy using the pre-allocated values. An FSGroup SCC strategy of MustRunAs If the pod defines a fsGroup ID, then that ID must equal the default fsGroup ID. Otherwise, the pod is not validated by that SCC and the SCC is evaluated. If the SecurityContextConstraints.fsGroup field has value RunAsAny and the pod specification omits the Pod.spec.securityContext.fsGroup , then this field is considered valid. Note that it is possible that during validation, other SCC settings will reject other pod fields and thus cause the pod to fail. A SupplementalGroups SCC strategy of MustRunAs If the pod specification defines one or more supplementalGroups IDs, then the pod's IDs must equal one of the IDs in the namespace's openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups annotation. Otherwise, the pod is not validated by that SCC and the SCC is evaluated. If the SecurityContextConstraints.supplementalGroups field has value RunAsAny and the pod specification omits the Pod.spec.securityContext.supplementalGroups , then this field is considered valid. Note that it is possible that during validation, other SCC settings will reject other pod fields and thus cause the pod to fail. 13.1.6. Security context constraints prioritization Security context constraints (SCCs) have a priority field that affects the ordering when attempting to validate a request by the admission controller. A priority value of 0 is the lowest possible priority. A nil priority is considered a 0 , or lowest, priority. Higher priority SCCs are moved to the front of the set when sorting. When the complete set of available SCCs is determined, the SCCs are ordered in the following manner: The highest priority SCCs are ordered first. If the priorities are equal, the SCCs are sorted from most restrictive to least restrictive. If both the priorities and restrictions are equal, the SCCs are sorted by name. By default, the anyuid SCC granted to cluster administrators is given priority in their SCC set. This allows cluster administrators to run pods as any user by specifying RunAsUser in the pod's SecurityContext . 13.2. About pre-allocated security context constraints values The admission controller is aware of certain conditions in the security context constraints (SCCs) that trigger it to look up pre-allocated values from a namespace and populate the SCC before processing the pod. Each SCC strategy is evaluated independently of other strategies, with the pre-allocated values, where allowed, for each policy aggregated with pod specification values to make the final values for the various IDs defined in the running pod. The following SCCs cause the admission controller to look for pre-allocated values when no ranges are defined in the pod specification: A RunAsUser strategy of MustRunAsRange with no minimum or maximum set. Admission looks for the openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range annotation to populate range fields. An SELinuxContext strategy of MustRunAs with no level set. Admission looks for the openshift.io/sa.scc.mcs annotation to populate the level. A FSGroup strategy of MustRunAs . Admission looks for the openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups annotation. A SupplementalGroups strategy of MustRunAs . Admission looks for the openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups annotation. During the generation phase, the security context provider uses default values for any parameter values that are not specifically set in the pod. Default values are based on the selected strategy: RunAsAny and MustRunAsNonRoot strategies do not provide default values. If the pod needs a parameter value, such as a group ID, you must define the value in the pod specification. MustRunAs (single value) strategies provide a default value that is always used. For example, for group IDs, even if the pod specification defines its own ID value, the namespace's default parameter value also appears in the pod's groups. MustRunAsRange and MustRunAs (range-based) strategies provide the minimum value of the range. As with a single value MustRunAs strategy, the namespace's default parameter value appears in the running pod. If a range-based strategy is configurable with multiple ranges, it provides the minimum value of the first configured range. Note FSGroup and SupplementalGroups strategies fall back to the openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range annotation if the openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups annotation does not exist on the namespace. If neither exists, the SCC is not created. Note By default, the annotation-based FSGroup strategy configures itself with a single range based on the minimum value for the annotation. For example, if your annotation reads 1/3 , the FSGroup strategy configures itself with a minimum and maximum value of 1 . If you want to allow more groups to be accepted for the FSGroup field, you can configure a custom SCC that does not use the annotation. Note The openshift.io/sa.scc.supplemental-groups annotation accepts a comma-delimited list of blocks in the format of <start>/<length or <start>-<end> . The openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range annotation accepts only a single block. 13.3. Example security context constraints The following examples show the security context constraints (SCC) format and annotations: Annotated privileged SCC allowHostDirVolumePlugin: true allowHostIPC: true allowHostNetwork: true allowHostPID: true allowHostPorts: true allowPrivilegedContainer: true allowedCapabilities: 1 - '*' apiVersion: security.openshift.io/v1 defaultAddCapabilities: [] 2 fsGroup: 3 type: RunAsAny groups: 4 - system:cluster-admins - system:nodes kind: SecurityContextConstraints metadata: annotations: kubernetes.io/description: 'privileged allows access to all privileged and host features and the ability to run as any user, any group, any fsGroup, and with any SELinux context. WARNING: this is the most relaxed SCC and should be used only for cluster administration. Grant with caution.' creationTimestamp: null name: privileged priority: null readOnlyRootFilesystem: false requiredDropCapabilities: null 5 runAsUser: 6 type: RunAsAny seLinuxContext: 7 type: RunAsAny seccompProfiles: - '*' supplementalGroups: 8 type: RunAsAny users: 9 - system:serviceaccount:default:registry - system:serviceaccount:default:router - system:serviceaccount:openshift-infra:build-controller volumes: 10 - '*' 1 A list of capabilities that a pod can request. An empty list means that none of capabilities can be requested while the special symbol * allows any capabilities. 2 A list of additional capabilities that are added to any pod. 3 The FSGroup strategy, which dictates the allowable values for the security context. 4 The groups that can access this SCC. 5 A list of capabilities to drop from a pod. Or, specify ALL to drop all capabilities. 6 The runAsUser strategy type, which dictates the allowable values for the security context. 7 The seLinuxContext strategy type, which dictates the allowable values for the security context. 8 The supplementalGroups strategy, which dictates the allowable supplemental groups for the security context. 9 The users who can access this SCC. 10 The allowable volume types for the security context. In the example, * allows the use of all volume types. The users and groups fields on the SCC control which users can access the SCC. By default, cluster administrators, nodes, and the build controller are granted access to the privileged SCC. All authenticated users are granted access to the restricted-v2 SCC. Without explicit runAsUser setting apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: security-context-demo spec: securityContext: 1 containers: - name: sec-ctx-demo image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0 1 When a container or pod does not request a user ID under which it should be run, the effective UID depends on the SCC that emits this pod. Because the restricted-v2 SCC is granted to all authenticated users by default, it will be available to all users and service accounts and used in most cases. The restricted-v2 SCC uses MustRunAsRange strategy for constraining and defaulting the possible values of the securityContext.runAsUser field. The admission plugin will look for the openshift.io/sa.scc.uid-range annotation on the current project to populate range fields, as it does not provide this range. In the end, a container will have runAsUser equal to the first value of the range that is hard to predict because every project has different ranges. With explicit runAsUser setting apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: security-context-demo spec: securityContext: runAsUser: 1000 1 containers: - name: sec-ctx-demo image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0 1 A container or pod that requests a specific user ID will be accepted by OpenShift Dedicated only when a service account or a user is granted access to a SCC that allows such a user ID. The SCC can allow arbitrary IDs, an ID that falls into a range, or the exact user ID specific to the request. This configuration is valid for SELinux, fsGroup, and Supplemental Groups. 13.4. Creating security context constraints for CCS clusters If the default security context constraints (SCCs) do not satisfy your application workload requirements, you can create a custom SCC by using the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Important Creating and modifying your own SCCs are advanced operations that might cause instability to your cluster. If you have questions about using your own SCCs, contact Red Hat Support. For information about contacting Red Hat support, see Getting support . Note In OpenShift Dedicated deployments, you can create your own SCCs only for clusters that use the Customer Cloud Subscription (CCS) model. You cannot create SCCs for OpenShift Dedicated clusters that use a Red Hat cloud account, because SCC resource creation requires cluster-admin privileges. Prerequisites Install the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Log in to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. Procedure Define the SCC in a YAML file named scc-admin.yaml : kind: SecurityContextConstraints apiVersion: security.openshift.io/v1 metadata: name: scc-admin allowPrivilegedContainer: true runAsUser: type: RunAsAny seLinuxContext: type: RunAsAny fsGroup: type: RunAsAny supplementalGroups: type: RunAsAny users: - my-admin-user groups: - my-admin-group Optionally, you can drop specific capabilities for an SCC by setting the requiredDropCapabilities field with the desired values. Any specified capabilities are dropped from the container. To drop all capabilities, specify ALL . For example, to create an SCC that drops the KILL , MKNOD , and SYS_CHROOT capabilities, add the following to the SCC object: requiredDropCapabilities: - KILL - MKNOD - SYS_CHROOT Note You cannot list a capability in both allowedCapabilities and requiredDropCapabilities . CRI-O supports the same list of capability values that are found in the Docker documentation . Create the SCC by passing in the file: USD oc create -f scc-admin.yaml Example output securitycontextconstraints "scc-admin" created Verification Verify that the SCC was created: USD oc get scc scc-admin Example output NAME PRIV CAPS SELINUX RUNASUSER FSGROUP SUPGROUP PRIORITY READONLYROOTFS VOLUMES scc-admin true [] RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <none> false [awsElasticBlockStore azureDisk azureFile cephFS cinder configMap downwardAPI emptyDir fc flexVolume flocker gcePersistentDisk gitRepo glusterfs iscsi nfs persistentVolumeClaim photonPersistentDisk quobyte rbd secret vsphere] 13.5. Configuring a workload to require a specific SCC You can configure a workload to require a certain security context constraint (SCC). This is useful in scenarios where you want to pin a specific SCC to the workload or if you want to prevent your required SCC from being preempted by another SCC in the cluster. To require a specific SCC, set the openshift.io/required-scc annotation on your workload. You can set this annotation on any resource that can set a pod manifest template, such as a deployment or daemon set. The SCC must exist in the cluster and must be applicable to the workload, otherwise pod admission fails. An SCC is considered applicable to the workload if the user creating the pod or the pod's service account has use permissions for the SCC in the pod's namespace. Warning Do not change the openshift.io/required-scc annotation in the live pod's manifest, because doing so causes the pod admission to fail. To change the required SCC, update the annotation in the underlying pod template, which causes the pod to be deleted and re-created. Prerequisites The SCC must exist in the cluster. Procedure Create a YAML file for the deployment and specify a required SCC by setting the openshift.io/required-scc annotation: Example deployment.yaml apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 spec: # ... template: metadata: annotations: openshift.io/required-scc: "my-scc" 1 # ... 1 Specify the name of the SCC to require. Create the resource by running the following command: USD oc create -f deployment.yaml Verification Verify that the deployment used the specified SCC: View the value of the pod's openshift.io/scc annotation by running the following command: USD oc get pod <pod_name> -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.openshift\.io\/scc}{"\n"}' 1 1 Replace <pod_name> with the name of your deployment pod. Examine the output and confirm that the displayed SCC matches the SCC that you defined in the deployment: Example output my-scc 13.6. Role-based access to security context constraints You can specify SCCs as resources that are handled by RBAC. This allows you to scope access to your SCCs to a certain project or to the entire cluster. Assigning users, groups, or service accounts directly to an SCC retains cluster-wide scope. Important Do not run workloads in or share access to default projects. Default projects are reserved for running core cluster components. The following default projects are considered highly privileged: default , kube-public , kube-system , openshift , openshift-infra , openshift-node , and other system-created projects that have the openshift.io/run-level label set to 0 or 1 . Functionality that relies on admission plugins, such as pod security admission, security context constraints, cluster resource quotas, and image reference resolution, does not work in highly privileged projects. To include access to SCCs for your role, specify the scc resource when creating a role. USD oc create role <role-name> --verb=use --resource=scc --resource-name=<scc-name> -n <namespace> This results in the following role definition: apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: ... name: role-name 1 namespace: namespace 2 ... rules: - apiGroups: - security.openshift.io 3 resourceNames: - scc-name 4 resources: - securitycontextconstraints 5 verbs: 6 - use 1 The role's name. 2 Namespace of the defined role. Defaults to default if not specified. 3 The API group that includes the SecurityContextConstraints resource. Automatically defined when scc is specified as a resource. 4 An example name for an SCC you want to have access. 5 Name of the resource group that allows users to specify SCC names in the resourceNames field. 6 A list of verbs to apply to the role. A local or cluster role with such a rule allows the subjects that are bound to it with a role binding or a cluster role binding to use the user-defined SCC called scc-name . Note Because RBAC is designed to prevent escalation, even project administrators are unable to grant access to an SCC. By default, they are not allowed to use the verb use on SCC resources, including the restricted-v2 SCC. 13.7. Reference of security context constraints commands You can manage security context constraints (SCCs) in your instance as normal API objects by using the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). 13.7.1. Listing security context constraints To get a current list of SCCs: USD oc get scc Example output NAME PRIV CAPS SELINUX RUNASUSER FSGROUP SUPGROUP PRIORITY READONLYROOTFS VOLUMES anyuid false <no value> MustRunAs RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny 10 false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostaccess false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","hostPath","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostmount-anyuid false <no value> MustRunAs RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","hostPath","nfs","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostnetwork false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs MustRunAs <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostnetwork-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs MustRunAs <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] node-exporter true <no value> RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["*"] nonroot false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsNonRoot RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] nonroot-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsNonRoot RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] privileged true ["*"] RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["*"] restricted false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] restricted-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] 13.7.2. Examining security context constraints You can view information about a particular SCC, including which users, service accounts, and groups the SCC is applied to. For example, to examine the restricted SCC: USD oc describe scc restricted Example output Name: restricted Priority: <none> Access: Users: <none> 1 Groups: <none> 2 Settings: Allow Privileged: false Allow Privilege Escalation: true Default Add Capabilities: <none> Required Drop Capabilities: KILL,MKNOD,SETUID,SETGID Allowed Capabilities: <none> Allowed Seccomp Profiles: <none> Allowed Volume Types: configMap,downwardAPI,emptyDir,persistentVolumeClaim,projected,secret Allowed Flexvolumes: <all> Allowed Unsafe Sysctls: <none> Forbidden Sysctls: <none> Allow Host Network: false Allow Host Ports: false Allow Host PID: false Allow Host IPC: false Read Only Root Filesystem: false Run As User Strategy: MustRunAsRange UID: <none> UID Range Min: <none> UID Range Max: <none> SELinux Context Strategy: MustRunAs User: <none> Role: <none> Type: <none> Level: <none> FSGroup Strategy: MustRunAs Ranges: <none> Supplemental Groups Strategy: RunAsAny Ranges: <none> 1 Lists which users and service accounts the SCC is applied to. 2 Lists which groups the SCC is applied to. 13.8. Additional resources Getting support

Commands:
runAsUser: type: MustRunAs uid: <id>
runAsUser: type: MustRunAsRange uidRangeMax: <maxvalue> uidRangeMin: <minvalue>
runAsUser: type: MustRunAsNonRoot
runAsUser: type: RunAsAny
allowHostDirVolumePlugin: true allowHostIPC: true allowHostNetwork: true allowHostPID: true allowHostPorts: true allowPrivilegedContainer: true allowedCapabilities: 1 - '*' apiVersion: security.openshift.io/v1 defaultAddCapabilities: [] 2 fsGroup: 3 type: RunAsAny groups: 4 - system:cluster-admins - system:nodes kind: SecurityContextConstraints metadata: annotations: kubernetes.io/description: 'privileged allows access to all privileged and host features and the ability to run as any user, any group, any fsGroup, and with any SELinux context. WARNING: this is the most relaxed SCC and should be used only for cluster administration. Grant with caution.' creationTimestamp: null name: privileged priority: null readOnlyRootFilesystem: false requiredDropCapabilities: null 5 runAsUser: 6 type: RunAsAny seLinuxContext: 7 type: RunAsAny seccompProfiles: - '*' supplementalGroups: 8 type: RunAsAny users: 9 - system:serviceaccount:default:registry - system:serviceaccount:default:router - system:serviceaccount:openshift-infra:build-controller volumes: 10 - '*'
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: security-context-demo spec: securityContext: 1 containers: - name: sec-ctx-demo image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: security-context-demo spec: securityContext: runAsUser: 1000 1 containers: - name: sec-ctx-demo image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
kind: SecurityContextConstraints apiVersion: security.openshift.io/v1 metadata: name: scc-admin allowPrivilegedContainer: true runAsUser: type: RunAsAny seLinuxContext: type: RunAsAny fsGroup: type: RunAsAny supplementalGroups: type: RunAsAny users: - my-admin-user groups: - my-admin-group
requiredDropCapabilities: - KILL - MKNOD - SYS_CHROOT
oc create -f scc-admin.yaml
securitycontextconstraints "scc-admin" created
oc get scc scc-admin
NAME PRIV CAPS SELINUX RUNASUSER FSGROUP SUPGROUP PRIORITY READONLYROOTFS VOLUMES scc-admin true [] RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <none> false [awsElasticBlockStore azureDisk azureFile cephFS cinder configMap downwardAPI emptyDir fc flexVolume flocker gcePersistentDisk gitRepo glusterfs iscsi nfs persistentVolumeClaim photonPersistentDisk quobyte rbd secret vsphere]
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1 kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 spec: template: metadata: annotations: openshift.io/required-scc: "my-scc" 1
oc create -f deployment.yaml
oc get pod <pod_name> -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.openshift\.io\/scc}{"\n"}' 1
my-scc
oc create role <role-name> --verb=use --resource=scc --resource-name=<scc-name> -n <namespace>
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: name: role-name 1 namespace: namespace 2 rules: - apiGroups: - security.openshift.io 3 resourceNames: - scc-name 4 resources: - securitycontextconstraints 5 verbs: 6 - use
oc get scc
NAME PRIV CAPS SELINUX RUNASUSER FSGROUP SUPGROUP PRIORITY READONLYROOTFS VOLUMES anyuid false <no value> MustRunAs RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny 10 false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostaccess false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","hostPath","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostmount-anyuid false <no value> MustRunAs RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","hostPath","nfs","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostnetwork false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs MustRunAs <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] hostnetwork-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs MustRunAs <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] node-exporter true <no value> RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["*"] nonroot false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsNonRoot RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] nonroot-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsNonRoot RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] privileged true ["*"] RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny <no value> false ["*"] restricted false <no value> MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"] restricted-v2 false ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"] MustRunAs MustRunAsRange MustRunAs RunAsAny <no value> false ["configMap","downwardAPI","emptyDir","persistentVolumeClaim","projected","secret"]
oc describe scc restricted
Name: restricted Priority: <none> Access: Users: <none> 1 Groups: <none> 2 Settings: Allow Privileged: false Allow Privilege Escalation: true Default Add Capabilities: <none> Required Drop Capabilities: KILL,MKNOD,SETUID,SETGID Allowed Capabilities: <none> Allowed Seccomp Profiles: <none> Allowed Volume Types: configMap,downwardAPI,emptyDir,persistentVolumeClaim,projected,secret Allowed Flexvolumes: <all> Allowed Unsafe Sysctls: <none> Forbidden Sysctls: <none> Allow Host Network: false Allow Host Ports: false Allow Host PID: false Allow Host IPC: false Read Only Root Filesystem: false Run As User Strategy: MustRunAsRange UID: <none> UID Range Min: <none> UID Range Max: <none> SELinux Context Strategy: MustRunAs User: <none> Role: <none> Type: <none> Level: <none> FSGroup Strategy: MustRunAs Ranges: <none> Supplemental Groups Strategy: RunAsAny Ranges: <none>