Chapter 18. Storage Configuration This chapter outlines several methods of configuring storage options for your Overcloud. Important By default, the overcloud uses local ephemeral storage provided by OpenStack Compute (nova) and LVM block storage provided by OpenStack Storage (cinder). However, these options are not supported for enterprise-level overclouds. Instead, use one of the storage options in this chapter. 18.1. Configuring NFS Storage This section describes how to configure the overcloud to use an NFS share. The installation and configuration process is based on the modification of an existing environment file in the core heat template collection. Important Red Hat recommends that you use a certified storage back end and driver. Red Hat does not recommend that you use NFS that comes from the generic NFS back end, because its capabilities are limited when compared to a certified storage back end and driver. For example, the generic NFS back end does not support features such as volume encryption and volume multi-attach. For information about supported drivers, see the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog . Note There are several director heat parameters that control whether an NFS back end or a NetApp NFS Block Storage back end supports a NetApp feature called NAS secure: CinderNetappNasSecureFileOperations CinderNetappNasSecureFilePermissions CinderNasSecureFileOperations CinderNasSecureFilePermissions Red Hat does not recommend that you enable the feature, because it interferes with normal volume operations. Director disables the feature by default, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform does not support it. Note For Block Storage and Compute services, you must use NFS version 4.1 or later. The core heat template collection contains a set of environment files in /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ . With these environment files you can create customized configuration of some of the supported features in a director-created overcloud. This includes an environment file designed to configure storage. This file is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/storage-environment.yaml . Copy the file to the stack user's template directory: Modify the following parameters: CinderEnableIscsiBackend Enables the iSCSI backend. Set to false . CinderEnableRbdBackend Enables the Ceph Storage backend. Set to false . CinderEnableNfsBackend Enables the NFS backend. Set to true . NovaEnableRbdBackend Enables Ceph Storage for Nova ephemeral storage. Set to false . GlanceBackend Define the back end to use for glance. Set to file to use file-based storage for images. The overcloud saves these files in a mounted NFS share for glance. CinderNfsServers The NFS share to mount for volume storage. For example, 192.168.122.1:/export/cinder. GlanceNfsEnabled When GlanceBackend is set to file , GlanceNfsEnabled enables images to be stored through NFS in a shared location so that all Controller nodes have access to the images. If disabled, the overcloud stores images in the file system of the Controller node. Set to true . GlanceNfsShare The NFS share to mount for image storage. For example, 192.168.122.1:/export/glance. The environment file contains parameters that configure different storage options for the Red Hat OpenStack Platform Block Storage (cinder) and Image (glance) services. This example demonstrates how to configure the overcloud to use an NFS share. The options in the environment file should look similar to the following: These parameters are integrated as part of the heat template collection. Setting them as shown in the example code creates two NFS mount points for the Block Storage and Image services to use. Include the file when you deploy the overcloud. 18.2. Configuring Ceph Storage The director provides two main methods for integrating Red Hat Ceph Storage into an Overcloud. Creating an Overcloud with its own Ceph Storage Cluster The director has the ability to create a Ceph Storage Cluster during the creation on the Overcloud. The director creates a set of Ceph Storage nodes that use the Ceph OSD to store the data. In addition, the director install the Ceph Monitor service on the Overcloud's Controller nodes. This means if an organization creates an Overcloud with three highly available controller nodes, the Ceph Monitor also becomes a highly available service. For more information, see the Deploying an Overcloud with Containerized Red Hat Ceph guide. Integrating a Existing Ceph Storage into an Overcloud If you already have an existing Ceph Storage Cluster, you can integrate this during an Overcloud deployment. This means you manage and scale the cluster outside of the Overcloud configuration. For more information, see the Integrating an Overcloud with an Existing Red Hat Ceph Cluster guide. 18.3. Using an External Object Storage Cluster You can reuse an external Object Storage (swift) cluster by disabling the default Object Storage service deployment on the controller nodes. Doing so disables both the proxy and storage services for Object Storage and configures haproxy and keystone to use the given external Swift endpoint. Note User accounts on the external Object Storage (swift) cluster have to be managed by hand. You need the endpoint IP address of the external Object Storage cluster as well as the authtoken password from the external Object Storage proxy-server.conf file. You can find this information by using the openstack endpoint list command. To deploy director with an external Swift cluster: Create a new file named swift-external-params.yaml with the following content: Replace EXTERNAL.IP:PORT with the IP address and port of the external proxy and Replace AUTHTOKEN with the authtoken password for the external proxy on the SwiftPassword line. Save this file as swift-external-params.yaml . Deploy the overcloud using these additional environment files. 18.4. Configuring the Image Import Method and Shared Staging Area The default settings for the OpenStack Image service (glance) are determined by the Heat templates used when OpenStack is installed. The Image service Heat template is deployment/glance/glance-api-container-puppet.yaml . The interoperable image import allows two methods for image import: web-download glance-direct The web-download method lets you import an image from a URL; the glance-direct method lets you import an image from a local volume. 18.4.1. Creating and Deploying the glance-settings.yaml File You use an environment file to configure the import parameters. These parameters override the default values established in the Heat template. The example environment content provides parameters for the interoperable image import. The GlanceBackend , GlanceNfsEnabled , and GlanceNfsShare parameters are defined in the Storage Configuration section in the Advanced Overcloud Customization Guide . Two new parameters for interoperable image import define the import method and a shared NFS staging area. GlanceEnabledImportMethods Defines the available import methods, web-download (default) and glance-direct. This line is only necessary if you wish to enable additional methods besides web-download. GlanceStagingNfsShare Configures the NFS staging area used by the glance-direct import method. This space can be shared amongst nodes in a high-availability cluster setup. Requires GlanceNfsEnabled be set to true. To configure the settings: Create a new file called, for example, glance-settings.yaml. The contents of this file should be similar to the example above. Add the file to your OpenStack environment using the openstack overcloud deploy command: For additional information about using environment files, see the Including Environment Files in Overcloud Creation section in the Advanced Overcloud Customization Guide . 18.4.2. Controlling Image Web-Import Sources You can limit the sources of Web-import image downloads by adding URI blacklists and whitelists to the optional glance-image-import.conf file. You can whitelist or blacklist image source URIs at three levels: scheme (allowed_schemes, disallowed_schemes) host (allowed_hosts, disallowed_hosts) port (allowed_ports, disallowed_ports) If you specify both at any level, the whitelist is honored and the blacklist is ignored. The Image service applies the following decision logic to validate image source URIs: The scheme is checked. Missing scheme: reject If there's a whitelist, and the scheme is not in it: reject. Otherwise, skip C and continue on to 2. If there's a blacklist, and the scheme is in it: reject. The host name is checked. Missing host name: reject If there's a whitelist, and the host name is not in it: reject. Otherwise, skip C and continue on to 3. If there's a blacklist, and the host name is in it: reject. If there's a port in the URI, the port is checked. If there's a whitelist, and the port is not in it: reject. Otherwise, skip B and continue on to 4. If there's a black list, and the port is in it: reject. The URI is accepted as valid. Note that if you allow a scheme, either by whitelisting it or by not blacklisting it, any URI that uses the default port for that scheme by not including a port in the URI is allowed. If it does include a port in the URI, the URI is validated according to the above rules. 18.4.2.1. Example For instance, the default port for FTP is 21. Because ftp is a whitelisted scheme, this URL is allowed: ftp://example.org/some/resource But because 21 is not in the port whitelist, this URL to the same resource is rejected: ftp://example.org:21/some/resource [Including Environment Files in Overcloud Creation] section in the Advanced Overcloud Customization Guide . 18.4.2.2. Default Image Import Blacklist and Whitelist Settings The glance-image-import.conf file is an optional file. Here are the default settings for these options: allowed_schemes - [ http , https ] disallowed_schemes - empty list allowed_hosts - empty list disallowed_hosts - empty list allowed_ports - [80, 443] disallowed_ports - empty list Thus if you use the defaults, end users will only be able to access URIs using the http or https scheme. The only ports users will be able to specify are 80 and 443. (Users do not have to specify a port, but if they do, it must be either 80 or 443.) You can find the glance-image-import.conf file in the etc/ subdirectory of the Image service source code tree. Make sure that you are looking in the correct branch for the OpenStack release you are working with. 18.4.3. Injecting Metadata on Image Import to Control Where VMs Launch End users can add images in the Image service and use these images to launch VMs. These user-provided (non-admin) images should be launched on a specific set of compute nodes. The assignment of an instance to a compute node is controlled by image metadata properties. The Image Property Injection plugin injects metadata properties to images on import. Specify the properties by editing the [image_import_opts] and [inject_metadata_properties] sections of the glance-image-import.conf file. To enable the Image Property Injection plugin, add this line to the [image_import_opts] section: To limit the metadata injection to images provided by a certain set of users, set the ignore_user_roles parameter. For instance, the following configuration injects one value for property1 and two values for property2 into images downloaded by by any non-admin user. The parameter ignore_user_roles is a comma-separated list of Keystone roles that the plugin will ignore. In other words, if the user making the image import call has any of these roles, the plugin will not inject any properties into the image. The parameter inject is a comma-separated list of properties and values that will be injected into the image record for the imported image. Each property and value should be quoted and separated by a colon (':') as shown in the example above. You can find the glance-image-import.conf file in the etc/ subdirectory of the Image service source code tree. Make sure that you are looking in the correct branch for the OpenStack release you are working with. 18.5. Configuring cinder back end for the Image service The GlanceBackend parameter sets the back end that the Image service uses to store images. Important The default maximum number of volumes you can create for a project is 10. Procedure To configure cinder as the Image service back end, add the following to the environment file: If the cinder back end is enabled, the following parameters and values are set by default: To use a custom user name, or any custom value for the cinder_store_ parameters, add the ExtraConfig settings to parameter_defaults and pass the custom values: 18.6. Configuring the maximum number of storage devices to attach to one instance By default, you can attach an unlimited number of storage devices to a single instance. To limit the maximum number of devices, add the max_disk_devices_to_attach parameter to your Compute environment file. The following example shows how to change the value of max_disk_devices_to_attach to "30": Guidelines and considerations The number of storage disks supported by an instance depends on the bus that the disk uses. For example, the IDE disk bus is limited to 4 attached devices. Changing the max_disk_devices_to_attach on a Compute node with active instances can cause rebuilds to fail if the maximum number is lower than the number of devices already attached to instances. For example, if instance A has 26 devices attached and you change max_disk_devices_to_attach to 20, a request to rebuild instance A will fail. During cold migration, the configured maximum number of storage devices is only enforced on the source for the instance that you want to migrate. The destination is not checked before the move. This means that if Compute node A has 26 attached disk devices, and Compute node B has a configured maximum of 20 attached disk devices, a cold migration of an instance with 26 attached devices from Compute node A to Compute node B succeeds. However, a subsequent request to rebuild the instance in Compute node B fails because 26 devices are already attached which exceeds the configured maximum of 20. The configured maximum is not enforced on shelved offloaded instances, as they have no Compute node. Attaching a large number of disk devices to instances can degrade performance on the instance. You should tune the maximum number based on the boundaries of what your environment can support. 18.7. Improving scalability with Image service caching Use the glance-api caching mechanism to store copies of images on your local machine and retrieve them automatically to improve scalability. With Image service caching, the glance-api can run on multiple hosts. This means that it does not need to retrieve the same image from back-end storage multiple times. Image service caching does not affect any Image service operations. To configure Image service caching with the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director (tripleo) heat templates, complete the following steps: Procedure In an environment file, set the value of the GlanceCacheEnabled parameter to true , which automatically sets the flavor value to keystone+cachemanagement in the glance-api.conf heat template: Include the environment file in the openstack overcloud deploy command when you redeploy the overcloud. Optional: Tune the glance_cache_pruner to an alternative frequency when you redeploy the overcloud. The following example shows a frequency of 5 minutes: Adjust the frequency according to your needs to avoid file system full scenarios. Include the following elements when you choose an alternative frequency: The size of the files that you want to cache in your environment. The amount of available file system space. The frequency at which the environment caches images. 18.8. Configuring Third Party Storage The director include a couple of environment files to help configure third-party storage providers. This includes: Dell EMC Storage Center Deploys a single Dell EMC Storage Center back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service. The environment file is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-dellsc-config.yaml . See the Dell Storage Center Back End Guide for full configuration information. Dell EMC PS Series Deploys a single Dell EMC PS Series back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service. The environment file is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-dellps-config.yaml . See the Dell EMC PS Series Back End Guide for full configuration information. NetApp Block Storage Deploys a NetApp storage appliance as a back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service. The environment file is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-netapp-config.yaml . See the NetApp Block Storage Back End Guide for full configuration information.

Commands:
cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/storage-environment.yaml ~/templates/.
parameter_defaults: CinderEnableIscsiBackend: false CinderEnableRbdBackend: false CinderEnableNfsBackend: true NovaEnableRbdBackend: false GlanceBackend: file CinderNfsServers: 192.0.2.230:/cinder GlanceNfsEnabled: true GlanceNfsShare: 192.0.2.230:/glance
parameter_defaults: ExternalPublicUrl: 'https://EXTERNAL.IP:PORT/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s' ExternalInternalUrl: 'http://192.168.24.9:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s' ExternalAdminUrl: 'http://192.168.24.9:8080' ExternalSwiftUserTenant: 'service' SwiftPassword: AUTHTOKEN
openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e [your environment files] -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/swift-external.yaml -e swift-external-params.yaml
parameter_defaults: # Configure NFS backend GlanceBackend: file GlanceNfsEnabled: true GlanceNfsShare: 192.168.122.1:/export/glance # Enable glance-direct import method GlanceEnabledImportMethods: glance-direct,web-download # Configure NFS staging area (required for glance-direct import method) GlanceStagingNfsShare: 192.168.122.1:/export/glance-staging
openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e glance-settings.yaml
allowed_schemes = [http,https,ftp] disallowed_schemes = [] allowed_hosts = [] disallowed_hosts = [] allowed_ports = [80,443] disallowed_ports = []
[image_import_opts] image_import_plugins = [inject_image_metadata]
[DEFAULT] [image_conversion] [image_import_opts] image_import_plugins = [inject_image_metadata] [import_filtering_opts] [inject_metadata_properties] ignore_user_roles = admin inject = PROPERTY1:value,PROPERTY2:value;another value
parameter_defaults: GlanceBackend: cinder
cinder_store_auth_address = http://172.17.1.19:5000/v3 cinder_store_project_name = service cinder_store_user_name = glance cinder_store_password = ****secret****
ExtraConfig: glance::config::api_config: glance_store/cinder_store_auth_address: value: "%{hiera('glance::api::authtoken::auth_url')}/v3" glance_store/cinder_store_user_name: value: <user-name> glance_store/cinder_store_password: value: "%{hiera('glance::api::authtoken::password')}" glance_store/cinder_store_project_name: value: "%{hiera('glance::api::authtoken::project_name')}"
parameter_defaults: ComputeExtraConfig: nova::config::nova_config: compute/max_disk_devices_to_attach: value: '30'
parameter_defaults: GlanceCacheEnabled: true
parameter_defaults: ControllerExtraConfig: glance::cache::pruner::minute: '*/5'