Chapter 13. Configuring functions 13.1. Accessing secrets and config maps from functions using CLI After your functions have been deployed to the cluster, they can access data stored in secrets and config maps. This data can be mounted as volumes, or assigned to environment variables. You can configure this access interactively by using the Knative CLI, or by manually by editing the function configuration YAML file. Important To access secrets and config maps, the function must be deployed on the cluster. This functionality is not available to a function running locally. If a secret or config map value cannot be accessed, the deployment fails with an error message specifying the inaccessible values. 13.1.1. Modifying function access to secrets and config maps interactively You can manage the secrets and config maps accessed by your function by using the kn func config interactive utility. The available operations include listing, adding, and removing values stored in config maps and secrets as environment variables, as well as listing, adding, and removing volumes. This functionality enables you to manage what data stored on the cluster is accessible by your function. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Run the following command in the function project directory: USD kn func config Alternatively, you can specify the function project directory using the --path or -p option. Use the interactive interface to perform the necessary operation. For example, using the utility to list configured volumes produces an output similar to this: USD kn func config ? What do you want to configure? Volumes ? What operation do you want to perform? List Configured Volumes mounts: - Secret "mysecret" mounted at path: "/workspace/secret" - Secret "mysecret2" mounted at path: "/workspace/secret2" This scheme shows all operations available in the interactive utility and how to navigate to them: Optional. Deploy the function to make the changes take effect: USD kn func deploy -p test 13.1.2. Modifying function access to secrets and config maps interactively by using specialized commands Every time you run the kn func config utility, you need to navigate the entire dialogue to select the operation you need, as shown in the section. To save steps, you can directly execute a specific operation by running a more specific form of the kn func config command: To list configured environment variables: USD kn func config envs [-p <function-project-path>] To add environment variables to the function configuration: USD kn func config envs add [-p <function-project-path>] To remove environment variables from the function configuration: USD kn func config envs remove [-p <function-project-path>] To list configured volumes: USD kn func config volumes [-p <function-project-path>] To add a volume to the function configuration: USD kn func config volumes add [-p <function-project-path>] To remove a volume from the function configuration: USD kn func config volumes remove [-p <function-project-path>] 13.2. Configuring your function project using the func.yaml file The func.yaml file contains the configuration for your function project. Values specified in func.yaml are used when you execute a kn func command. For example, when you run the kn func build command, the value in the build field is used. In some cases, you can override these values with command line flags or environment variables. 13.2.1. Referencing local environment variables from func.yaml fields If you want to avoid storing sensitive information such as an API key in the function configuration, you can add a reference to an environment variable available in the local environment. You can do this by modifying the envs field in the func.yaml file. Prerequisites You need to have the function project created. The local environment needs to contain the variable that you want to reference. Procedure To refer to a local environment variable, use the following syntax: Substitute ENV_VAR with the name of the variable in the local environment that you want to use. For example, you might have the API_KEY variable available in the local environment. You can assign its value to the MY_API_KEY variable, which you can then directly use within your function: Example function name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - name: MY_API_KEY value: '{{ env:API_KEY }}' ... 13.2.2. Adding annotations to functions You can add Kubernetes annotations to a deployed Serverless function. Annotations enable you to attach arbitrary metadata to a function, for example, a note about the function's purpose. Annotations are added to the annotations section of the func.yaml configuration file. There are two limitations of the function annotation feature: After a function annotation propagates to the corresponding Knative service on the cluster, it cannot be removed from the service by deleting it from the func.yaml file. You must remove the annotation from the Knative service by modifying the YAML file of the service directly, or by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console. You cannot set annotations that are set by Knative, for example, the autoscaling annotations. 13.2.3. Adding annotations to a function You can add annotations to a function. Similar to a label, an annotation is defined as a key-value map. Annotations are useful, for example, for providing metadata about a function, such as the function's author. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For every annotation that you want to add, add the following YAML to the annotations section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... annotations: <annotation_name>: "<annotation_value>" 1 1 Substitute <annotation_name>: "<annotation_value>" with your annotation. For example, to indicate that a function was authored by Alice, you might include the following annotation: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... annotations: author: "alice@example.com" Save the configuration. The time you deploy your function to the cluster, the annotations are added to the corresponding Knative service. 13.2.4. Additional resources Getting started with functions Knative documentation on Autoscaling Kubernetes documentation on managing resources for containers Knative documentation on configuring concurrency 13.2.5. Adding function access to secrets and config maps manually You can manually add configuration for accessing secrets and config maps to your function. This might be preferable to using the kn func config interactive utility and commands, for example when you have an existing configuration snippet. 13.2.5.1. Mounting a secret as a volume You can mount a secret as a volume. Once a secret is mounted, you can access it from the function as a regular file. This enables you to store on the cluster data needed by the function, for example, a list of URIs that need to be accessed by the function. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For each secret you want to mount as a volume, add the following YAML to the volumes section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... volumes: - secret: mysecret path: /workspace/secret Substitute mysecret with the name of the target secret. Substitute /workspace/secret with the path where you want to mount the secret. For example, to mount the addresses secret, use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... volumes: - configMap: addresses path: /workspace/secret-addresses Save the configuration. 13.2.5.2. Mounting a config map as a volume You can mount a config map as a volume. Once a config map is mounted, you can access it from the function as a regular file. This enables you to store on the cluster data needed by the function, for example, a list of URIs that need to be accessed by the function. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For each config map you want to mount as a volume, add the following YAML to the volumes section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... volumes: - configMap: myconfigmap path: /workspace/configmap Substitute myconfigmap with the name of the target config map. Substitute /workspace/configmap with the path where you want to mount the config map. For example, to mount the addresses config map, use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... volumes: - configMap: addresses path: /workspace/configmap-addresses Save the configuration. 13.2.5.3. Setting environment variable from a key value defined in a secret You can set an environment variable from a key value defined as a secret. A value previously stored in a secret can then be accessed as an environment variable by the function at runtime. This can be useful for getting access to a value stored in a secret, such as the ID of a user. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For each value from a secret key-value pair that you want to assign to an environment variable, add the following YAML to the envs section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - name: EXAMPLE value: '{{ secret:mysecret:key }}' Substitute EXAMPLE with the name of the environment variable. Substitute mysecret with the name of the target secret. Substitute key with the key mapped to the target value. For example, to access the user ID that is stored in userdetailssecret , use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailssecret:userid }}' Save the configuration. 13.2.5.4. Setting environment variable from a key value defined in a config map You can set an environment variable from a key value defined as a config map. A value previously stored in a config map can then be accessed as an environment variable by the function at runtime. This can be useful for getting access to a value stored in a config map, such as the ID of a user. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For each value from a config map key-value pair that you want to assign to an environment variable, add the following YAML to the envs section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - name: EXAMPLE value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap:key }}' Substitute EXAMPLE with the name of the environment variable. Substitute myconfigmap with the name of the target config map. Substitute key with the key mapped to the target value. For example, to access the user ID that is stored in userdetailsmap , use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailsmap:userid }}' Save the configuration. 13.2.5.5. Setting environment variables from all values defined in a secret You can set an environment variable from all values defined in a secret. Values previously stored in a secret can then be accessed as environment variables by the function at runtime. This can be useful for simultaneously getting access to a collection of values stored in a secret, for example, a set of data pertaining to a user. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For every secret for which you want to import all key-value pairs as environment variables, add the following YAML to the envs section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ secret:mysecret }}' 1 1 Substitute mysecret with the name of the target secret. For example, to access all user data that is stored in userdetailssecret , use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailssecret }}' Save the configuration. 13.2.5.6. Setting environment variables from all values defined in a config map You can set an environment variable from all values defined in a config map. Values previously stored in a config map can then be accessed as environment variables by the function at runtime. This can be useful for simultaneously getting access to a collection of values stored in a config map, for example, a set of data pertaining to a user. Prerequisites The OpenShift Serverless Operator and Knative Serving are installed on the cluster. You have installed the Knative ( kn ) CLI. You have created a function. Procedure Open the func.yaml file for your function. For every config map for which you want to import all key-value pairs as environment variables, add the following YAML to the envs section: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap }}' 1 1 Substitute myconfigmap with the name of the target config map. For example, to access all user data that is stored in userdetailsmap , use the following YAML: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailsmap }}' Save the file. 13.3. Configurable fields in func.yaml You can configure some of the func.yaml fields. 13.3.1. Configurable fields in func.yaml Many of the fields in func.yaml are generated automatically when you create, build, and deploy your function. However, there are also fields that you modify manually to change things, such as the function name or the image name. 13.3.1.1. buildEnvs The buildEnvs field enables you to set environment variables to be available to the environment that builds your function. Unlike variables set using envs , a variable set using buildEnv is not available during function runtime. You can set a buildEnv variable directly from a value. In the following example, the buildEnv variable named EXAMPLE1 is directly assigned the one value: buildEnvs: - name: EXAMPLE1 value: one You can also set a buildEnv variable from a local environment variable. In the following example, the buildEnv variable named EXAMPLE2 is assigned the value of the LOCAL_ENV_VAR local environment variable: buildEnvs: - name: EXAMPLE1 value: '{{ env:LOCAL_ENV_VAR }}' 13.3.1.2. envs The envs field enables you to set environment variables to be available to your function at runtime. You can set an environment variable in several different ways: Directly from a value. From a value assigned to a local environment variable. See the section "Referencing local environment variables from func.yaml fields" for more information. From a key-value pair stored in a secret or config map. You can also import all key-value pairs stored in a secret or config map, with keys used as names of the created environment variables. This examples demonstrates the different ways to set an environment variable: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... envs: - name: EXAMPLE1 1 value: value - name: EXAMPLE2 2 value: '{{ env:LOCAL_ENV_VALUE }}' - name: EXAMPLE3 3 value: '{{ secret:mysecret:key }}' - name: EXAMPLE4 4 value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap:key }}' - value: '{{ secret:mysecret2 }}' 5 - value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap2 }}' 6 1 An environment variable set directly from a value. 2 An environment variable set from a value assigned to a local environment variable. 3 An environment variable assigned from a key-value pair stored in a secret. 4 An environment variable assigned from a key-value pair stored in a config map. 5 A set of environment variables imported from key-value pairs of a secret. 6 A set of environment variables imported from key-value pairs of a config map. 13.3.1.3. builder The builder field specifies the strategy used by the function to build the image. It accepts values of pack or s2i . 13.3.1.4. build The build field indicates how the function should be built. The value local indicates that the function is built locally on your machine. The value git indicates that the function is built on a cluster by using the values specified in the git field. 13.3.1.5. volumes The volumes field enables you to mount secrets and config maps as a volume accessible to the function at the specified path, as shown in the following example: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... volumes: - secret: mysecret 1 path: /workspace/secret - configMap: myconfigmap 2 path: /workspace/configmap 1 The mysecret secret is mounted as a volume residing at /workspace/secret . 2 The myconfigmap config map is mounted as a volume residing at /workspace/configmap . 13.3.1.6. options The options field enables you to modify Knative Service properties for the deployed function, such as autoscaling. If these options are not set, the default ones are used. These options are available: scale min : The minimum number of replicas. Must be a non-negative integer. The default is 0. max : The maximum number of replicas. Must be a non-negative integer. The default is 0, which means no limit. metric : Defines which metric type is watched by the Autoscaler. It can be set to concurrency , which is the default, or rps . target : Recommendation for when to scale up based on the number of concurrently incoming requests. The target option can be a float value greater than 0.01. The default is 100, unless the options.resources.limits.concurrency is set, in which case target defaults to its value. utilization : Percentage of concurrent requests utilization allowed before scaling up. It can be a float value between 1 and 100. The default is 70. resources requests cpu : A CPU resource request for the container with deployed function. memory : A memory resource request for the container with deployed function. limits cpu : A CPU resource limit for the container with deployed function. memory : A memory resource limit for the container with deployed function. concurrency : Hard Limit of concurrent requests to be processed by a single replica. It can be integer value greater than or equal to 0, default is 0 - meaning no limit. This is an example configuration of the scale options: name: test namespace: "" runtime: go ... options: scale: min: 0 max: 10 metric: concurrency target: 75 utilization: 75 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 1000m memory: 256Mi concurrency: 100 13.3.1.7. image The image field sets the image name for your function after it has been built. You can modify this field. If you do, the time you run kn func build or kn func deploy , the function image will be created with the new name. 13.3.1.8. imageDigest The imageDigest field contains the SHA256 hash of the image manifest when the function is deployed. Do not modify this value. 13.3.1.9. labels The labels field enables you to set labels on a deployed function. You can set a label directly from a value. In the following example, the label with the role key is directly assigned the value of backend : labels: - key: role value: backend You can also set a label from a local environment variable. In the following example, the label with the author key is assigned the value of the USER local environment variable: labels: - key: author value: '{{ env:USER }}' 13.3.1.10. name The name field defines the name of your function. This value is used as the name of your Knative service when it is deployed. You can change this field to rename the function on subsequent deployments. 13.3.1.11. namespace The namespace field specifies the namespace in which your function is deployed. 13.3.1.12. runtime The runtime field specifies the language runtime for your function, for example, python .

Commands:
kn func config
kn func config ? What do you want to configure? Volumes ? What operation do you want to perform? List Configured Volumes mounts: - Secret "mysecret" mounted at path: "/workspace/secret" - Secret "mysecret2" mounted at path: "/workspace/secret2"
kn func config ├─> Environment variables │ ├─> Add │ │ ├─> ConfigMap: Add all key-value pairs from a config map │ │ ├─> ConfigMap: Add value from a key in a config map │ │ ├─> Secret: Add all key-value pairs from a secret │ │ └─> Secret: Add value from a key in a secret │ ├─> List: List all configured environment variables │ └─> Remove: Remove a configured environment variable └─> Volumes ├─> Add │ ├─> ConfigMap: Mount a config map as a volume │ └─> Secret: Mount a secret as a volume ├─> List: List all configured volumes └─> Remove: Remove a configured volume
kn func deploy -p test
kn func config envs [-p <function-project-path>]
kn func config envs add [-p <function-project-path>]
kn func config envs remove [-p <function-project-path>]
kn func config volumes [-p <function-project-path>]
kn func config volumes add [-p <function-project-path>]
kn func config volumes remove [-p <function-project-path>]
{{ env:ENV_VAR }}
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - name: MY_API_KEY value: '{{ env:API_KEY }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go annotations: <annotation_name>: "<annotation_value>" 1
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go annotations: author: "alice@example.com"
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go volumes: - secret: mysecret path: /workspace/secret
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go volumes: - configMap: addresses path: /workspace/secret-addresses
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go volumes: - configMap: myconfigmap path: /workspace/configmap
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go volumes: - configMap: addresses path: /workspace/configmap-addresses
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - name: EXAMPLE value: '{{ secret:mysecret:key }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailssecret:userid }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - name: EXAMPLE value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap:key }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailsmap:userid }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ secret:mysecret }}' 1
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailssecret }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap }}' 1
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - value: '{{ configMap:userdetailsmap }}'
buildEnvs: - name: EXAMPLE1 value: one
buildEnvs: - name: EXAMPLE1 value: '{{ env:LOCAL_ENV_VAR }}'
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go envs: - name: EXAMPLE1 1 value: value - name: EXAMPLE2 2 value: '{{ env:LOCAL_ENV_VALUE }}' - name: EXAMPLE3 3 value: '{{ secret:mysecret:key }}' - name: EXAMPLE4 4 value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap:key }}' - value: '{{ secret:mysecret2 }}' 5 - value: '{{ configMap:myconfigmap2 }}' 6
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go volumes: - secret: mysecret 1 path: /workspace/secret - configMap: myconfigmap 2 path: /workspace/configmap
name: test namespace: "" runtime: go options: scale: min: 0 max: 10 metric: concurrency target: 75 utilization: 75 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 1000m memory: 256Mi concurrency: 100
labels: - key: role value: backend
labels: - key: author value: '{{ env:USER }}'