Chapter 41. File Systems File system DAX is now available for ext4 and XFS as a Technology Preview Starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3, Direct Access (DAX) provides, as a Technology Preview, a means for an application to directly map persistent memory into its address space. To use DAX, a system must have some form of persistent memory available, usually in the form of one or more Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Modules (NVDIMMs), and a file system that supports DAX must be created on the NVDIMM(s). Also, the file system must be mounted with the dax mount option. Then, an mmap of a file on the dax-mounted file system results in a direct mapping of storage into the application's address space. (BZ#1274459) pNFS block layout is now available As a Technology Preview, Red Hat Enterprise Linux clients can now mount pNFS shares with the block layout feature. Note that Red Hat recommends using the pNFS SCSI layout instead, which is similar to block layout but easier to use. (BZ#1111712) OverlayFS OverlayFS is a type of union file system. It allows the user to overlay one file system on top of another. Changes are recorded in the upper file system, while the lower file system remains unmodified. This allows multiple users to share a file-system image, such as a container or a DVD-ROM, where the base image is on read-only media. See the Linux kernel documentation for additional information: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt . OverlayFS remains a Technology Preview under most circumstances. As such, the kernel will log warnings when this technology is activated. Full support is available for OverlayFS when used with Docker under the following restrictions: OverlayFS is only supported for use as a Docker graph driver. Its use can only be supported for container COW content, not for persistent storage. Any persistent storage must be placed on non-OverlayFS volumes to be supported. Only default Docker configuration can be used; that is, one level of overlay, one lowerdir, and both lower and upper levels are on the same file system. Only XFS is currently supported for use as a lower layer file system. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 and earlier, SELinux must be enabled and in enforcing mode on the physical machine, but must be disabled in the container when performing container separation, that is the /etc/sysconfig/docker file must not contain --selinux-enabled . Starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4, OverlayFS supports SELinux security labels, and you can enable SELinux support for containers by specifying --selinux-enabled in /etc/sysconfig/docker . The OverlayFS kernel ABI and userspace behavior are not considered stable, and may see changes in future updates. In order to make the yum and rpm utilities work properly inside the container, the user should be using the yum-plugin-ovl packages. Note that OverlayFS provides a restricted set of the POSIX standards. Test your application thoroughly before deploying it with OverlayFS. Note that XFS file systems must be created with the -n ftype=1 option enabled for use as an overlay. With the rootfs and any file systems created during system installation, set the --mkfsoptions=-n ftype=1 parameters in the Anaconda kickstart. When creating a new file system after the installation, run the # mkfs -t xfs -n ftype=1 /PATH/TO/DEVICE command. To determine whether an existing file system is eligible for use as an overlay, run the # xfs_info /PATH/TO/DEVICE | grep ftype command to see if the ftype=1 option is enabled. There are also several known issues associated with OverlayFS in this release. For details, see Non-standard behavior in the Linux kernel documentation: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt . (BZ#1206277) Btrfs file system The Btrfs (B-Tree) file system is available as a Technology Preview in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 introduced the last planned update to this feature. Btrfs has been deprecated, which means Red Hat will not be moving Btrfs to a fully supported feature and it will be removed in a future major release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. (BZ#1477977) ima-evm-utils available as a Technology Preview for certain architectures The ima-evm-utils package, available as a Technology Preview, provides utilities to label the file system and verify the integrity of your system at run time using the Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA) and Extended Verification Module (EVM) features. These utilities enable you to monitor if files have been accidentally or maliciously altered. Note that ima-evm-utils is now fully supported on the AMD64 and Intel 64 architecture, but remains in Technology Preview on all other architectures. (BZ#1384450)

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