Chapter 1. Service Mesh 2.x 1.1. About OpenShift Service Mesh Note Because Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh releases on a different cadence from OpenShift Container Platform and because the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports deploying multiple versions of the ServiceMeshControlPlane , the Service Mesh documentation does not maintain separate documentation sets for minor versions of the product. The current documentation set applies to all currently supported versions of Service Mesh unless version-specific limitations are called out in a particular topic or for a particular feature. For additional information about the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh life cycle and supported platforms, refer to the Platform Life Cycle Policy . 1.1.1. Introduction to Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses a variety of problems in a microservice architecture by creating a centralized point of control in an application. It adds a transparent layer on existing distributed applications without requiring any changes to the application code. Microservice architectures split the work of enterprise applications into modular services, which can make scaling and maintenance easier. However, as an enterprise application built on a microservice architecture grows in size and complexity, it becomes difficult to understand and manage. Service Mesh can address those architecture problems by capturing or intercepting traffic between services and can modify, redirect, or create new requests to other services. Service Mesh, which is based on the open source Istio project , provides an easy way to create a network of deployed services that provides discovery, load balancing, service-to-service authentication, failure recovery, metrics, and monitoring. A service mesh also provides more complex operational functionality, including A/B testing, canary releases, access control, and end-to-end authentication. 1.1.2. Core features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh provides a number of key capabilities uniformly across a network of services: Traffic Management - Control the flow of traffic and API calls between services, make calls more reliable, and make the network more robust in the face of adverse conditions. Service Identity and Security - Provide services in the mesh with a verifiable identity and provide the ability to protect service traffic as it flows over networks of varying degrees of trustworthiness. Policy Enforcement - Apply organizational policy to the interaction between services, ensure access policies are enforced and resources are fairly distributed among consumers. Policy changes are made by configuring the mesh, not by changing application code. Telemetry - Gain understanding of the dependencies between services and the nature and flow of traffic between them, providing the ability to quickly identify issues. 1.2. Service Mesh Release Notes 1.2.1. Making open source more inclusive Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright's message . 1.2.2. New features and enhancements This release adds improvements related to the following components and concepts. 1.2.2.1. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.3 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.1.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.3 Component Version Istio 1.12.9 Envoy Proxy 1.20.8 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.48.3 1.2.2.2. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.2 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.2.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.2 Component Version Istio 1.12.7 Envoy Proxy 1.20.6 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.48.2-1 1.2.2.2.2. Copy route labels With this enhancement, in addition to copying annotations, you can copy specific labels for an OpenShift route. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh copies all labels and annotations present in the Istio Gateway resource (with the exception of annotations starting with kubectl.kubernetes.io) into the managed OpenShift Route resource. 1.2.2.3. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.3.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2.1 Component Version Istio 1.12.7 Envoy Proxy 1.20.6 Jaeger 1.34.1 Kiali 1.48.2-1 1.2.2.4. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh adds new features and enhancements, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.4.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 Component Version Istio 1.12.7 Envoy Proxy 1.20.4 Jaeger 1.34.1 Kiali 1.48.0.16 1.2.2.4.2. WasmPlugin API This release adds support for the WasmPlugin API and deprecates the ServiceMeshExtention API. 1.2.2.4.3. ROSA support This release introduces service mesh support for Red Hat OpenShift on AWS (ROSA), including multi-cluster federation. 1.2.2.4.4. istio-node DaemonSet renamed This release, the istio-node DaemonSet is renamed to istio-cni-node to match the name in upstream Istio. 1.2.2.4.5. Envoy sidecar networking changes Istio 1.10 updated Envoy to send traffic to the application container using eth0 rather than lo by default. 1.2.2.4.6. Service Mesh Control Plane 1.1 This release marks the end of support for Service Mesh Control Planes based on Service Mesh 1.1 for all platforms. 1.2.2.4.7. Istio 1.12 Support Service Mesh 2.2 is based on Istio 1.12, which brings in new features and product enhancements. While many Istio 1.12 features are supported, the following unsupported features should be noted: AuthPolicy Dry Run is a tech preview feature. gRPC Proxyless Service Mesh is a tech preview feature. Telemetry API is a tech preview feature. Discovery selectors is not a supported feature. External control plane is not a supported feature. Gateway injection is not a supported feature. 1.2.2.4.8. Kubernetes Gateway API Kubernetes Gateway API is a technology preview feature that is disabled by default. To enable the feature, set the following environment variables for the Istiod container in ServiceMeshControlPlane : spec: runtime: components: pilot: container: env: PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API: true PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API_STATUS: true # and optionally, for the deployment controller PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API_DEPLOYMENT_CONTROLLER: true Restricting route attachment on Gateway API listeners is possible using the SameNamespace or All settings. Istio ignores usage of label selectors in listeners.allowedRoutes.namespaces and reverts to the default behavior ( SameNamespace ). 1.2.2.5. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.5.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.5.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.5.1 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.5 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.36.13 1.2.2.6. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.5 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.6.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.5 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.36.12-1 1.2.2.7. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.4 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.7.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.4 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.30.2 Kiali 1.36.12-1 1.2.2.8. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.3 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.8.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.3 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.30.2 Kiali 1.36.10-2 1.2.2.9. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.2.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.9.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.2.1 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.30.2 Kiali 1.36.9 1.2.2.10. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.2 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. With this release, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator is now installed to the openshift-distributed-tracing namespace by default. Previously the default installation had been in the openshift-operator namespace. 1.2.2.10.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.2 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.30.1 Kiali 1.36.8 1.2.2.11. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. This release also adds the ability to disable the automatic creation of network policies. 1.2.2.11.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1.1 Component Version Istio 1.9.9 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.24.1 Kiali 1.36.7 1.2.2.11.2. Disabling network policies Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh automatically creates and manages a number of NetworkPolicies resources in the Service Mesh control plane and application namespaces. This is to ensure that applications and the control plane can communicate with each other. If you want to disable the automatic creation and management of NetworkPolicies resources, for example to enforce company security policies, you can do so. You can edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane to set the spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy setting to false Note When you disable spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will not create any NetworkPolicy objects. The system administrator is responsible for managing the network and fixing any issues this might cause. Procedure In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators Installed Operators . Select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system , from the Project menu. Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. In the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane column, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane , for example basic-install . On the Create ServiceMeshControlPlane Details page, click YAML to modify your configuration. Set the ServiceMeshControlPlane field spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy to false , as shown in this example. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: trust: manageNetworkPolicy: false Click Save . 1.2.2.12. New features and enhancements Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh adds support for Istio 1.9.8, Envoy Proxy 1.17.1, Jaeger 1.24.1, and Kiali 1.36.5 on OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 EUS, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, along with new features and enhancements. 1.2.2.12.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1 Component Version Istio 1.9.6 Envoy Proxy 1.17.1 Jaeger 1.24.1 Kiali 1.36.5 1.2.2.12.2. Service Mesh Federation New Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) have been added to support federating service meshes. Service meshes may be federated both within the same cluster or across different OpenShift clusters. These new resources include: ServiceMeshPeer - Defines a federation with a separate service mesh, including gateway configuration, root trust certificate configuration, and status fields. In a pair of federated meshes, each mesh will define its own separate ServiceMeshPeer resource. ExportedServiceMeshSet - Defines which services for a given ServiceMeshPeer are available for the peer mesh to import. ImportedServiceSet - Defines which services for a given ServiceMeshPeer are imported from the peer mesh. These services must also be made available by the peer's ExportedServiceMeshSet resource. Service Mesh Federation is not supported between clusters on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA), Azure Red Hat OpenShift (ARO), or OpenShift Dedicated (OSD). 1.2.2.12.3. OVN-Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) generally available The OVN-Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) was previously introduced as a Technology Preview feature in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.1 and is now generally available in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 and 2.0.x for use on OpenShift Container Platform 4.7.32, OpenShift Container Platform 4.8.12, and OpenShift Container Platform 4.9. 1.2.2.12.4. Service Mesh WebAssembly (WASM) Extensions The ServiceMeshExtensions Custom Resource Definition (CRD), first introduced in 2.0 as Technology Preview, is now generally available. You can use CRD to build your own plugins, but Red Hat does not provide support for the plugins you create. Mixer has been completely removed in Service Mesh 2.1. Upgrading from a Service Mesh 2.0.x release to 2.1 will be blocked if Mixer is enabled. Mixer plugins will need to be ported to WebAssembly Extensions. 1.2.2.12.5. 3scale WebAssembly Adapter (WASM) With Mixer now officially removed, OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 does not support the 3scale mixer adapter. Before upgrading to Service Mesh 2.1, remove the Mixer-based 3scale adapter and any additional Mixer plugins. Then, manually install and configure the new 3scale WebAssembly adapter with Service Mesh 2.1+ using a ServiceMeshExtension resource. 3scale 2.11 introduces an updated Service Mesh integration based on WebAssembly . 1.2.2.12.6. Istio 1.9 Support Service Mesh 2.1 is based on Istio 1.9, which brings in a large number of new features and product enhancements. While the majority of Istio 1.9 features are supported, the following exceptions should be noted: Virtual Machine integration is not yet supported Kubernetes Gateway API is not yet supported Remote fetch and load of WebAssembly HTTP filters are not yet supported Custom CA Integration using the Kubernetes CSR API is not yet supported Request Classification for monitoring traffic is a tech preview feature Integration with external authorization systems via Authorization policy's CUSTOM action is a tech preview feature 1.2.2.12.7. Improved Service Mesh operator performance The amount of time Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses to prune old resources at the end of every ServiceMeshControlPlane reconciliation has been reduced. This results in faster ServiceMeshControlPlane deployments, and allows changes applied to existing SMCPs to take effect more quickly. 1.2.2.12.8. Kiali updates Kiali 1.36 includes the following features and enhancements: Service Mesh troubleshooting functionality Control plane and gateway monitoring Proxy sync statuses Envoy configuration views Unified view showing Envoy proxy and application logs interleaved Namespace and cluster boxing to support federated service mesh views New validations, wizards, and distributed tracing enhancements 1.2.2.13. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.11.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.13.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0.11.1 Component Version Istio 1.6.14 Envoy Proxy 1.14.5 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.24.17 1.2.2.14. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.11 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), bug fixes, and is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. 1.2.2.14.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0.11 Component Version Istio 1.6.14 Envoy Proxy 1.14.5 Jaeger 1.36 Kiali 1.24.16-1 1.2.2.15. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.10 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.15.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0.10 Component Version Istio 1.6.14 Envoy Proxy 1.14.5 Jaeger 1.28.0 Kiali 1.24.16-1 1.2.2.16. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.9 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.16.1. Component versions included in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0.9 Component Version Istio 1.6.14 Envoy Proxy 1.14.5 Jaeger 1.24.1 Kiali 1.24.11 1.2.2.17. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.8 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses bug fixes. 1.2.2.18. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.7.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). 1.2.2.18.1. Change in how Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh handles URI fragments Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh contains a remotely exploitable vulnerability, CVE-2021-39156 , where an HTTP request with a fragment (a section in the end of a URI that begins with a # character) in the URI path could bypass the Istio URI path-based authorization policies. For instance, an Istio authorization policy denies requests sent to the URI path /user/profile . In the vulnerable versions, a request with URI path /user/profile#section1 bypasses the deny policy and routes to the backend (with the normalized URI path /user/profile%23section1 ), possibly leading to a security incident. You are impacted by this vulnerability if you use authorization policies with DENY actions and operation.paths , or ALLOW actions and operation.notPaths . With the mitigation, the fragment part of the request's URI is removed before the authorization and routing. This prevents a request with a fragment in its URI from bypassing authorization policies which are based on the URI without the fragment part. To opt-out from the new behavior in the mitigation, the fragment section in the URI will be kept. You can configure your ServiceMeshControlPlane to keep URI fragments. Warning Disabling the new behavior will normalize your paths as described above and is considered unsafe. Ensure that you have accommodated for this in any security policies before opting to keep URI fragments. Example ServiceMeshControlPlane modification apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: techPreview: meshConfig: defaultConfig: proxyMetadata: HTTP_STRIP_FRAGMENT_FROM_PATH_UNSAFE_IF_DISABLED: "false" 1.2.2.18.2. Required update for authorization policies Istio generates hostnames for both the hostname itself and all matching ports. For instance, a virtual service or Gateway for a host of "httpbin.foo" generates a config matching "httpbin.foo and httpbin.foo:*". However, exact match authorization policies only match the exact string given for the hosts or notHosts fields. Your cluster is impacted if you have AuthorizationPolicy resources using exact string comparison for the rule to determine hosts or notHosts . You must update your authorization policy rules to use prefix match instead of exact match. For example, replacing hosts: ["httpbin.com"] with hosts: ["httpbin.com:*"] in the first AuthorizationPolicy example. First example AuthorizationPolicy using prefix match apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin namespace: foo spec: action: DENY rules: - from: - source: namespaces: ["dev"] to: - operation: hosts: ["httpbin.com","httpbin.com:*"] Second example AuthorizationPolicy using prefix match apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin namespace: default spec: action: DENY rules: - to: - operation: hosts: ["httpbin.example.com:*"] 1.2.2.19. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.7 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.20. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh on Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated and Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is now supported through Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated and Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift. 1.2.2.21. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.6 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.22. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.5 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.23. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.4 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. Important There are manual steps that must be completed to address CVE-2021-29492 and CVE-2021-31920. 1.2.2.23.1. Manual updates required by CVE-2021-29492 and CVE-2021-31920 Istio contains a remotely exploitable vulnerability where an HTTP request path with multiple slashes or escaped slash characters ( %2F or %5C ) could potentially bypass an Istio authorization policy when path-based authorization rules are used. For example, assume an Istio cluster administrator defines an authorization DENY policy to reject the request at path /admin . A request sent to the URL path //admin will NOT be rejected by the authorization policy. According to RFC 3986 , the path //admin with multiple slashes should technically be treated as a different path from the /admin . However, some backend services choose to normalize the URL paths by merging multiple slashes into a single slash. This can result in a bypass of the authorization policy ( //admin does not match /admin ), and a user can access the resource at path /admin in the backend; this would represent a security incident. Your cluster is impacted by this vulnerability if you have authorization policies using ALLOW action + notPaths field or DENY action + paths field patterns. These patterns are vulnerable to unexpected policy bypasses. Your cluster is NOT impacted by this vulnerability if: You don't have authorization policies. Your authorization policies don't define paths or notPaths fields. Your authorization policies use ALLOW action + paths field or DENY action + notPaths field patterns. These patterns could only cause unexpected rejection instead of policy bypasses. The upgrade is optional for these cases. Note The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh configuration location for path normalization is different from the Istio configuration. 1.2.2.23.2. Updating the path normalization configuration Istio authorization policies can be based on the URL paths in the HTTP request. Path normalization , also known as URI normalization, modifies and standardizes the incoming requests' paths so that the normalized paths can be processed in a standard way. Syntactically different paths may be equivalent after path normalization. Istio supports the following normalization schemes on the request paths before evaluating against the authorization policies and routing the requests: Table 1.1. Normalization schemes Option Description Example Notes NONE No normalization is done. Anything received by Envoy will be forwarded exactly as-is to any backend service. ../%2Fa../b is evaluated by the authorization policies and sent to your service. This setting is vulnerable to CVE-2021-31920. BASE This is currently the option used in the default installation of Istio. This applies the normalize_path option on Envoy proxies, which follows RFC 3986 with extra normalization to convert backslashes to forward slashes. /a/../b is normalized to /b . \da is normalized to /da . This setting is vulnerable to CVE-2021-31920. MERGE_SLASHES Slashes are merged after the BASE normalization. /a//b is normalized to /a/b . Update to this setting to mitigate CVE-2021-31920. DECODE_AND_MERGE_SLASHES The strictest setting when you allow all traffic by default. This setting is recommended, with the caveat that you must thoroughly test your authorization policies routes. Percent-encoded slash and backslash characters ( %2F , %2f , %5C and %5c ) are decoded to / or \ , before the MERGE_SLASHES normalization. /a%2fb is normalized to /a/b . Update to this setting to mitigate CVE-2021-31920. This setting is more secure, but also has the potential to break applications. Test your applications before deploying to production. The normalization algorithms are conducted in the following order: Percent-decode %2F , %2f , %5C and %5c . The RFC 3986 and other normalization implemented by the normalize_path option in Envoy. Merge slashes. Warning While these normalization options represent recommendations from HTTP standards and common industry practices, applications may interpret a URL in any way it chooses to. When using denial policies, ensure that you understand how your application behaves. 1.2.2.23.3. Path normalization configuration examples Ensuring Envoy normalizes request paths to match your backend services' expectations is critical to the security of your system. The following examples can be used as a reference for you to configure your system. The normalized URL paths, or the original URL paths if NONE is selected, will be: Used to check against the authorization policies. Forwarded to the backend application. Table 1.2. Configuration examples If your application... Choose... Relies on the proxy to do normalization BASE , MERGE_SLASHES or DECODE_AND_MERGE_SLASHES Normalizes request paths based on RFC 3986 and does not merge slashes. BASE Normalizes request paths based on RFC 3986 and merges slashes, but does not decode percent-encoded slashes. MERGE_SLASHES Normalizes request paths based on RFC 3986 , decodes percent-encoded slashes, and merges slashes. DECODE_AND_MERGE_SLASHES Processes request paths in a way that is incompatible with RFC 3986 . NONE 1.2.2.23.4. Configuring your SMCP for path normalization To configure path normalization for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, specify the following in your ServiceMeshControlPlane . Use the configuration examples to help determine the settings for your system. SMCP v2 pathNormalization spec: techPreview: global: pathNormalization: <option> 1.2.2.23.5. Configuring for case normalization In some environments, it may be useful to have paths in authorization policies compared in a case insensitive manner. For example, treating https://myurl/get and https://myurl/GeT as equivalent. In those cases, you can use the EnvoyFilter shown below. This filter will change both the path used for comparison and the path presented to the application. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. Save the EnvoyFilter to a file and run the following command: USD oc create -f <myEnvoyFilterFile> apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: EnvoyFilter metadata: name: ingress-case-insensitive namespace: istio-system spec: configPatches: - applyTo: HTTP_FILTER match: context: GATEWAY listener: filterChain: filter: name: "envoy.filters.network.http_connection_manager" subFilter: name: "envoy.filters.http.router" patch: operation: INSERT_BEFORE value: name: envoy.lua typed_config: "@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.lua.v3.Lua" inlineCode: | function envoy_on_request(request_handle) local path = request_handle:headers():get(":path") request_handle:headers():replace(":path", string.lower(path)) end 1.2.2.24. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.3 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. In addition, this release has the following new features: Added an option to the must-gather data collection tool that gathers information from a specified Service Mesh control plane namespace. For more information, see OSSM-351 . Improved performance for Service Mesh control planes with hundreds of namespaces 1.2.2.25. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.2 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh adds support for IBM Z and IBM Power Systems. It also addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.26. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.1 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and bug fixes. 1.2.2.27. New features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh adds support for Istio 1.6.5, Jaeger 1.20.0, Kiali 1.24.2, and the 3scale Istio Adapter 2.0 and OpenShift Container Platform 4.6. In addition, this release has the following new features: Simplifies installation, upgrades, and management of the Service Mesh control plane. Reduces the Service Mesh control plane's resource usage and startup time. Improves performance by reducing inter-control plane communication over networking. Adds support for Envoy's Secret Discovery Service (SDS). SDS is a more secure and efficient mechanism for delivering secrets to Envoy side car proxies. Removes the need to use Kubernetes Secrets, which have well known security risks. Improves performance during certificate rotation, as proxies no longer require a restart to recognize new certificates. Adds support for Istio's Telemetry v2 architecture, which is built using WebAssembly extensions. This new architecture brings significant performance improvements. Updates the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to v2 with a streamlined configuration to make it easier to manage the Service Mesh Control Plane. Introduces WebAssembly extensions as a Technology Preview feature. 1.2.3. Technology Preview Some features in this release are currently in Technology Preview. These experimental features are not intended for production use. Important Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see the Technology Preview Support Scope . 1.2.3.1. Istio compatibility and support matrix In the table, features are marked with the following statuses: TP : Technology Preview GA : General Availability Note the following scope of support on the Red Hat Customer Portal for these features: Table 1.3. Istio compatibility and support matrix Feature Istio Version Support Status Description holdApplicationUntilProxyStarts 1.7 TP Blocks application container startup until proxy is running DNS capture 1.8 GA Enabled by default 1.2.4. Deprecated and removed features Some features available in releases have been deprecated or removed. Deprecated functionality is still included in OpenShift Container Platform and continues to be supported; however, it will be removed in a future release of this product and is not recommended for new deployments. Removed functionality no longer exists in the product. 1.2.4.1. Deprecated features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2 The ServiceMeshExtension API is deprecated as of release 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. While ServiceMeshExtension API is still supported in release 2.2, customers should start moving to the new WasmPlugin API. 1.2.4.2. Removed features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2 This release marks the end of support for Service Mesh control planes based on Service Mesh 1.1 for all platforms. 1.2.4.3. Removed features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 In Service Mesh 2.1, the Mixer component is removed. Bug fixes and support is provided through the end of the Service Mesh 2.0 life cycle. Upgrading from a Service Mesh 2.0.x release to 2.1 will not proceed if Mixer plugins are enabled. Mixer plugins must be ported to WebAssembly Extensions. 1.2.4.4. Deprecated features Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 The Mixer component was deprecated in release 2.0 and will be removed in release 2.1. While using Mixer for implementing extensions was still supported in release 2.0, extensions should have been migrated to the new WebAssembly mechanism. The following resource types are no longer supported in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0: Policy (authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1) is no longer supported. Depending on the specific configuration in your Policy resource, you may have to configure multiple resources to achieve the same effect. Use RequestAuthentication (security.istio.io/v1beta1) Use PeerAuthentication (security.istio.io/v1beta1) ServiceMeshPolicy (maistra.io/v1) is no longer supported. Use RequestAuthentication or PeerAuthentication , as mentioned above, but place in the Service Mesh control plane namespace. RbacConfig (rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1) is no longer supported. Replaced by AuthorizationPolicy (security.istio.io/v1beta1), which encompasses behavior of RbacConfig , ServiceRole , and ServiceRoleBinding . ServiceMeshRbacConfig (maistra.io/v1) is no longer supported. Use AuthorizationPolicy as above, but place in Service Mesh control plane namespace. ServiceRole (rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1) is no longer supported. ServiceRoleBinding (rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1) is no longer supported. In Kiali, the login and LDAP strategies are deprecated. A future version will introduce authentication using OpenID providers. 1.2.5. Known issues These limitations exist in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh: Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not yet support IPv6 , as it is not yet fully supported by the upstream Istio project. As a result, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support dual-stack clusters. Graph layout - The layout for the Kiali graph can render differently, depending on your application architecture and the data to display (number of graph nodes and their interactions). Because it is difficult if not impossible to create a single layout that renders nicely for every situation, Kiali offers a choice of several different layouts. To choose a different layout, you can choose a different Layout Schema from the Graph Settings menu. The first time you access related services such as distributed tracing platform and Grafana, from the Kiali console, you must accept the certificate and re-authenticate using your OpenShift Container Platform login credentials. This happens due to an issue with how the framework displays embedded pages in the console. The Bookinfo sample application cannot be installed on IBM Z and IBM Power. WebAssembly extensions are not supported on IBM Z and IBM Power. LuaJIT is not supported on IBM Power. 1.2.5.1. Service Mesh known issues These are the known issues in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh: Istio-14743 Due to limitations in the version of Istio that this release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is based on, there may be applications that are currently incompatible with Service Mesh. See the linked community issue for details. OSSM-1655 Kiali dashboard shows error after enabling mTLS in SMCP . After enabling the spec.security.controlPlane.mtls setting in the SMCP, the Kiali console displays the following error message No subsets defined . OSSM-1505 This issue only occurs when using the ServiceMeshExtension resource on OpenShift Container Platform 4.11. When you use ServiceMeshExtension on OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 the resource never becomes ready. If you inspect the issue using oc describe ServiceMeshExtension you will see the following error: stderr: Error creating mount namespace before pivot: function not implemented . Workaround: ServiceMeshExtension was deprecated in Service Mesh 2.2. Migrate from ServiceMeshExtension to the WasmPlugin resource. For more information, see Migrating from ServiceMeshExtension to WasmPlugin resources. OSSM-1396 If a gateway resource contains the spec.externalIPs setting, instead of being recreated when the ServiceMeshControlPlane is updated, the gateway is removed and never recreated. OSSM-1168 When service mesh resources are created as a single YAML file, the Envoy proxy sidecar is not reliably injected into pods. When the SMCP, SMMR, and Deployment resources are created individually, the deployment works as expected. OSSM-1052 When configuring a Service ExternalIP for the ingressgateway in the Service Mesh control plane, the service is not created. The schema for the SMCP is missing the parameter for the service. Workaround: Disable the gateway creation in the SMCP spec and manage the gateway deployment entirely manually (including Service, Role and RoleBinding). OSSM-882 This applies for Service Mesh 2.1 and earlier. Namespace is in the accessible_namespace list but does not appear in Kiali UI. By default, Kiali will not show any namespaces that start with "kube" because these namespaces are typically internal-use only and not part of a mesh. For example, if you create a namespace called 'akube-a' and add it to the Service Mesh member roll, then the Kiali UI does not display the namespace. For defined exclusion patterns, the software excludes namespaces that start with or contain the pattern. Workaround: Change the Kiali Custom Resource setting so it prefixes the setting with a carat (^). For example: api: namespaces: exclude: - "^istio-operator" - "^kube-.*" - "^openshift.*" - "^ibm.*" - "^kiali-operator" MAISTRA-2692 With Mixer removed, custom metrics that have been defined in Service Mesh 2.0.x cannot be used in 2.1. Custom metrics can be configured using EnvoyFilter . Red Hat is unable to support EnvoyFilter configuration except where explicitly documented. This is due to tight coupling with the underlying Envoy APIs, meaning that backward compatibility cannot be maintained. MAISTRA-2648 ServiceMeshExtensions are currently not compatible with meshes deployed on IBM Z Systems. MAISTRA-1959 Migration to 2.0 Prometheus scraping ( spec.addons.prometheus.scrape set to true ) does not work when mTLS is enabled. Additionally, Kiali displays extraneous graph data when mTLS is disabled. This problem can be addressed by excluding port 15020 from proxy configuration, for example, spec: proxy: networking: trafficControl: inbound: excludedPorts: - 15020 MAISTRA-1314 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not yet support IPv6. MAISTRA-453 If you create a new project and deploy pods immediately, sidecar injection does not occur. The operator fails to add the maistra.io/member-of before the pods are created, therefore the pods must be deleted and recreated for sidecar injection to occur. MAISTRA-158 Applying multiple gateways referencing the same hostname will cause all gateways to stop functioning. 1.2.5.2. Kiali known issues Note New issues for Kiali should be created in the OpenShift Service Mesh project with the Component set to Kiali . These are the known issues in Kiali: KIALI-2206 When you are accessing the Kiali console for the first time, and there is no cached browser data for Kiali, the "View in Grafana" link on the Metrics tab of the Kiali Service Details page redirects to the wrong location. The only way you would encounter this issue is if you are accessing Kiali for the first time. KIALI-507 Kiali does not support Internet Explorer 11. This is because the underlying frameworks do not support Internet Explorer. To access the Kiali console, use one of the two most recent versions of the Chrome, Edge, Firefox or Safari browser. 1.2.5.3. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing known issues These limitations exist in Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing: Apache Spark is not supported. The streaming deployment via AMQ/Kafka is unsupported on IBM Z and IBM Power Systems. These are the known issues for Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing: TRACING-2057 The Kafka API has been updated to v1beta2 to support the Strimzi Kafka Operator 0.23.0. However, this API version is not supported by AMQ Streams 1.6.3. If you have the following environment, your Jaeger services will not be upgraded, and you cannot create new Jaeger services or modify existing Jaeger services: Jaeger Operator channel: 1.17.x stable or 1.20.x stable AMQ Streams Operator channel: amq-streams-1.6.x To resolve this issue, switch the subscription channel for your AMQ Streams Operator to either amq-streams-1.7.x or stable . 1.2.6. Fixed issues The following issues been resolved in the current release: 1.2.6.1. Service Mesh fixed issues OSSM-2053 Using Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator 2.2 or 2.3, during SMCP reconciliation, the SMMR controller removed the member namespaces from SMMR.status.configuredMembers . This caused the services in the member namespaces to become unavailable for a few moments. Using Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator 2.2 or 2.3, the SMMR controller no longer removes the namespaces from SMMR.status.configuredMembers . Instead, the controller adds the namespaces to SMMR.status.pendingMembers to indicate that they are not up-to-date. During reconciliation, as each namespace synchronizes with the SMCP, the namespace is automatically removed from SMMR.status.pendingMembers . OSSM-1668 A new field spec.security.jwksResolverCA was added to the Version 2.1 SMCP but was missing in the 2.2.0 and 2.2.1 releases. When upgrading from an Operator version where this field was present to an Operator version that was missing this field, the .spec.security.jwksResolverCA field was not available in the SMCP . OSSM-1325 istiod pod crashes and displays the following error message: fatal error: concurrent map iteration and map write . OSSM-1211 Configuring Federated service meshes for failover does not work as expected. The Istiod pilot log displays the following error: envoy connection [C289] TLS error: 337047686:SSL routines:tls_process_server_certificate:certificate verify failed OSSM-1099 The Kiali console displayed the message Sorry, there was a problem. Try a refresh or navigate to a different page. OSSM-1074 Pod annotations defined in SMCP are not injected in the pods. OSSM-999 Kiali retention did not work as expected. Calendar times were greyed out in the dashboard graph. OSSM-797 Kiali Operator pod generates CreateContainerConfigError while installing or updating the operator. OSSM-722 Namespace starting with kube is hidden from Kiali. OSSM-569 There is no CPU memory limit for the Prometheus istio-proxy container. The Prometheus istio-proxy sidecar now uses the resource limits defined in spec.proxy.runtime.container . OSSM-449 VirtualService and Service causes an error "Only unique values for domains are permitted. Duplicate entry of domain." OSSM-419 Namespaces with similar names will all show in Kiali namespace list, even though namespaces may not be defined in Service Mesh Member Role. OSSM-296 When adding health configuration to the Kiali custom resource (CR) is it not being replicated to the Kiali configmap. OSSM-291 In the Kiali console, on the Applications, Services, and Workloads pages, the "Remove Label from Filters" function is not working. OSSM-289 In the Kiali console, on the Service Details pages for the 'istio-ingressgateway' and 'jaeger-query' services there are no Traces being displayed. The traces exist in Jaeger. OSSM-287 In the Kiali console there are no traces being displayed on the Graph Service. OSSM-285 When trying to access the Kiali console, receive the following error message "Error trying to get OAuth Metadata". Workaround: Restart the Kiali pod. MAISTRA-2735 The resources that the Service Mesh Operator deletes when reconciling the SMCP changed in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1. Previously, the Operator deleted a resource with the following labels: maistra.io/owner app.kubernetes.io/version Now, the Operator ignores resources that does not also include the app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=maistra-istio-operator label. If you create your own resources, you should not add the app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=maistra-istio-operator label to them. MAISTRA-2687 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 federation gateway does not send the full certificate chain when using external certificates. The Service Mesh federation egress gateway only sends the client certificate. Because the federation ingress gateway only knows about the root certificate, it cannot verify the client certificate unless you add the root certificate to the federation import ConfigMap . MAISTRA-2635 Replace deprecated Kubernetes API. To remain compatible with OpenShift Container Platform 4.8, the apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1 API was deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.8. MAISTRA-2631 The WASM feature is not working because podman is failing due to nsenter binary not being present. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh generates the following error message: Error: error configuring CNI network plugin exec: "nsenter": executable file not found in USDPATH . The container image now contains nsenter and WASM works as expected. MAISTRA-2534 When istiod attempted to fetch the JWKS for an issuer specified in a JWT rule, the issuer service responded with a 502. This prevented the proxy container from becoming ready and caused deployments to hang. The fix for the community bug has been included in the Service Mesh 2.0.7 release. MAISTRA-2411 When the Operator creates a new ingress gateway using spec.gateways.additionaIngress in the ServiceMeshControlPlane , Operator is not creating a NetworkPolicy for the additional ingress gateway like it does for the default istio-ingressgateway. This is causing a 503 response from the route of the new gateway. Workaround: Manually create the NetworkPolicy in the <istio-system> namespace. MAISTRA-2401 CVE-2021-3586 servicemesh-operator: NetworkPolicy resources incorrectly specified ports for ingress resources. The NetworkPolicy resources installed for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh did not properly specify which ports could be accessed. This allowed access to all ports on these resources from any pod. Network policies applied to the following resources are affected: Galley Grafana Istiod Jaeger Kiali Prometheus Sidecar injector MAISTRA-2378 When the cluster is configured to use OpenShift SDN with ovs-multitenant and the mesh contains a large number of namespaces (200+), the OpenShift Container Platform networking plugin is unable to configure the namespaces quickly. Service Mesh times out causing namespaces to be continuously dropped from the service mesh and then reenlisted. MAISTRA-2370 Handle tombstones in listerInformer. The updated cache codebase was not handling tombstones when translating the events from the namespace caches to the aggregated cache, leading to a panic in the go routine. MAISTRA-2117 Add optional ConfigMap mount to operator. The CSV now contains an optional ConfigMap volume mount, which mounts the smcp-templates ConfigMap if it exists. If the smcp-templates ConfigMap does not exist, the mounted directory is empty. When you create the ConfigMap , the directory is populated with the entries from the ConfigMap and can be referenced in SMCP.spec.profiles . No restart of the Service Mesh operator is required. Customers using the 2.0 operator with a modified CSV to mount the smcp-templates ConfigMap can upgrade to Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1. After upgrading, you can continue using an existing ConfigMap, and the profiles it contains, without editing the CSV. Customers that previously used ConfigMap with a different name will either have to rename the ConfigMap or update the CSV after upgrading. MAISTRA-2010 AuthorizationPolicy does not support request.regex.headers field. The validatingwebhook rejects any AuthorizationPolicy with the field, and even if you disable that, Pilot tries to validate it using the same code, and it does not work. MAISTRA-1979 Migration to 2.0 The conversion webhook drops the following important fields when converting SMCP.status from v2 to v1: conditions components observedGeneration annotations Upgrading the operator to 2.0 might break client tools that read the SMCP status using the maistra.io/v1 version of the resource. This also causes the READY and STATUS columns to be empty when you run oc get servicemeshcontrolplanes.v1.maistra.io . MAISTRA-1947 Technology Preview Updates to ServiceMeshExtensions are not applied. Workaround: Remove and recreate the ServiceMeshExtensions . MAISTRA-1983 Migration to 2.0 Upgrading to 2.0.0 with an existing invalid ServiceMeshControlPlane cannot easily be repaired. The invalid items in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource caused an unrecoverable error. The fix makes the errors recoverable. You can delete the invalid resource and replace it with a new one or edit the resource to fix the errors. For more information about editing your resource, see [Configuring the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation]. MAISTRA-1502 As a result of CVEs fixes in version 1.0.10, the Istio dashboards are not available from the Home Dashboard menu in Grafana. To access the Istio dashboards, click the Dashboard menu in the navigation panel and select the Manage tab. MAISTRA-1399 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh no longer prevents you from installing unsupported CNI protocols. The supported network configurations has not changed. MAISTRA-1089 Migration to 2.0 Gateways created in a non-control plane namespace are automatically deleted. After removing the gateway definition from the SMCP spec, you need to manually delete these resources. MAISTRA-858 The following Envoy log messages describing deprecated options and configurations associated with Istio 1.1.x are expected: [2019-06-03 07:03:28.943][19][warning][misc] [external/envoy/source/common/protobuf/utility.cc:129] Using deprecated option 'envoy.api.v2.listener.Filter.config'. This configuration will be removed from Envoy soon. [2019-08-12 22:12:59.001][13][warning][misc] [external/envoy/source/common/protobuf/utility.cc:174] Using deprecated option 'envoy.api.v2.Listener.use_original_dst' from file lds.proto. This configuration will be removed from Envoy soon. MAISTRA-806 Evicted Istio Operator Pod causes mesh and CNI not to deploy. Workaround: If the istio-operator pod is evicted while deploying the control pane, delete the evicted istio-operator pod. MAISTRA-681 When the Service Mesh control plane has many namespaces, it can lead to performance issues. MAISTRA-193 Unexpected console info messages are visible when health checking is enabled for citadel. Bugzilla 1821432 The toggle controls in OpenShift Container Platform Custom Resource details page does not update the CR correctly. UI Toggle controls in the Service Mesh Control Plane (SMCP) Overview page in the OpenShift Container Platform web console sometimes updates the wrong field in the resource. To update a SMCP, edit the YAML content directly or update the resource from the command line instead of clicking the toggle controls. 1.2.6.2. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing fixed issues TRACING-2337 Jaeger is logging a repetitive warning message in the Jaeger logs similar to the following: {"level":"warn","ts":1642438880.918793,"caller":"channelz/logging.go:62","msg":"[core]grpc: Server.Serve failed to create ServerTransport: connection error: desc = \"transport: http2Server.HandleStreams received bogus greeting from client: \\\"\\\\x16\\\\x03\\\\x01\\\\x02\\\\x00\\\\x01\\\\x00\\\\x01\\\\xfc\\\\x03\\\\x03vw\\\\x1a\\\\xc9T\\\\xe7\\\\xdaCj\\\\xb7\\\\x8dK\\\\xa6\\\"\"","system":"grpc","grpc_log":true} This issue was resolved by exposing only the HTTP(S) port of the query service, and not the gRPC port. TRACING-2009 The Jaeger Operator has been updated to include support for the Strimzi Kafka Operator 0.23.0. TRACING-1907 The Jaeger agent sidecar injection was failing due to missing config maps in the application namespace. The config maps were getting automatically deleted due to an incorrect OwnerReference field setting and as a result, the application pods were not moving past the "ContainerCreating" stage. The incorrect settings have been removed. TRACING-1725 Follow-up to TRACING-1631. Additional fix to ensure that Elasticsearch certificates are properly reconciled when there are multiple Jaeger production instances, using same name but within different namespaces. See also BZ-1918920 . TRACING-1631 Multiple Jaeger production instances, using same name but within different namespaces, causing Elasticsearch certificate issue. When multiple service meshes were installed, all of the Jaeger Elasticsearch instances had the same Elasticsearch secret instead of individual secrets, which prevented the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator from communicating with all of the Elasticsearch clusters. TRACING-1300 Failed connection between Agent and Collector when using Istio sidecar. An update of the Jaeger Operator enabled TLS communication by default between a Jaeger sidecar agent and the Jaeger Collector. TRACING-1208 Authentication "500 Internal Error" when accessing Jaeger UI. When trying to authenticate to the UI using OAuth, I get a 500 error because oauth-proxy sidecar doesn't trust the custom CA bundle defined at installation time with the additionalTrustBundle . TRACING-1166 It is not currently possible to use the Jaeger streaming strategy within a disconnected environment. When a Kafka cluster is being provisioned, it results in a error: Failed to pull image registry.redhat.io/amq7/amq-streams-kafka-24-rhel7@sha256:f9ceca004f1b7dccb3b82d9a8027961f9fe4104e0ed69752c0bdd8078b4a1076 . TRACING-809 Jaeger Ingester is incompatible with Kafka 2.3. When there are two or more instances of the Jaeger Ingester and enough traffic it will continuously generate rebalancing messages in the logs. This is due to a regression in Kafka 2.3 that was fixed in Kafka 2.3.1. For more information, see Jaegertracing-1819 . BZ-1918920 / LOG-1619 The Elasticsearch pods does not get restarted automatically after an update. Workaround: Restart the pods manually. 1.3. Understanding Service Mesh Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh provides a platform for behavioral insight and operational control over your networked microservices in a service mesh. With Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, you can connect, secure, and monitor microservices in your OpenShift Container Platform environment. 1.3.1. Understanding service mesh A service mesh is the network of microservices that make up applications in a distributed microservice architecture and the interactions between those microservices. When a Service Mesh grows in size and complexity, it can become harder to understand and manage. Based on the open source Istio project, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh adds a transparent layer on existing distributed applications without requiring any changes to the service code. You add Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh support to services by deploying a special sidecar proxy to relevant services in the mesh that intercepts all network communication between microservices. You configure and manage the Service Mesh using the Service Mesh control plane features. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh gives you an easy way to create a network of deployed services that provide: Discovery Load balancing Service-to-service authentication Failure recovery Metrics Monitoring Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh also provides more complex operational functions including: A/B testing Canary releases Access control End-to-end authentication 1.3.2. Service Mesh architecture Service mesh technology operates at the network communication level. That is, service mesh components capture or intercept traffic to and from microservices, either modifying requests, redirecting them, or creating new requests to other services. At a high level, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh consists of a data plane and a control plane The data plane is a set of intelligent proxies, running alongside application containers in a pod, that intercept and control all inbound and outbound network communication between microservices in the service mesh. The data plane is implemented in such a way that it intercepts all inbound (ingress) and outbound (egress) network traffic. The Istio data plane is composed of Envoy containers running along side application containers in a pod. The Envoy container acts as a proxy, controlling all network communication into and out of the pod. Envoy proxies are the only Istio components that interact with data plane traffic. All incoming (ingress) and outgoing (egress) network traffic between services flows through the proxies. The Envoy proxy also collects all metrics related to services traffic within the mesh. Envoy proxies are deployed as sidecars, running in the same pod as services. Envoy proxies are also used to implement mesh gateways. Sidecar proxies manage inbound and outbound communication to the workload instance it is attached to. Gateways are proxies operating as load balancers receiving incoming or outgoing HTTP/TCP connections. Gateway configurations are applied to standalone Envoy proxies that are running at the edge of the mesh, rather than sidecar Envoy proxies running alongside your service workloads. You use a Gateway to manage inbound and outbound traffic for your mesh, letting you specify which traffic you want to enter or leave the mesh. Ingress-gateway - Also known as an ingress controller, the Ingress Gateway is a dedicated Envoy proxy that receives and controls traffic entering the service mesh. An Ingress Gateway allows features such as monitoring and route rules to be applied to traffic entering the cluster. Egress-gateway - Also known as an egress controller, the Egress Gateway is a dedicated Envoy proxy that manages traffic leaving the service mesh. An Egress Gateway allows features such as monitoring and route rules to be applied to traffic exiting the mesh. The control plane manages and configures the proxies that make up the data plane. It is the authoritative source for configuration, manages access control and usage policies, and collects metrics from the proxies in the service mesh. The Istio control plane is composed of Istiod which consolidates several control plane components (Citadel, Galley, Pilot) into a single binary. Istiod provides service discovery, configuration, and certificate management. It converts high-level routing rules to Envoy configurations and propagates them to the sidecars at runtime. Istiod can act as a Certificate Authority (CA), generating certificates supporting secure mTLS communication in the data plane. You can also use an external CA for this purpose. Istiod is responsible for injecting sidecar proxy containers into workloads deployed to an OpenShift cluster. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses the istio-operator to manage the installation of the control plane. An Operator is a piece of software that enables you to implement and automate common activities in your OpenShift cluster. It acts as a controller, allowing you to set or change the desired state of objects in your cluster, in this case, a Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh also bundles the following Istio add-ons as part of the product: Kiali - Kiali is the management console for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. It provides dashboards, observability, and robust configuration and validation capabilities. It shows the structure of your service mesh by inferring traffic topology and displays the health of your mesh. Kiali provides detailed metrics, powerful validation, access to Grafana, and strong integration with the distributed tracing platform. Prometheus - Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses Prometheus to store telemetry information from services. Kiali depends on Prometheus to obtain metrics, health status, and mesh topology. Jaeger - Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports the distributed tracing platform. Jaeger is an open source traceability server that centralizes and displays traces associated with a single request between multiple services. Using the distributed tracing platform you can monitor and troubleshoot your microservices-based distributed systems. Elasticsearch - Elasticsearch is an open source, distributed, JSON-based search and analytics engine. The distributed tracing platform uses Elasticsearch for persistent storage. Grafana - Grafana provides mesh administrators with advanced query and metrics analysis and dashboards for Istio data. Optionally, Grafana can be used to analyze service mesh metrics. The following Istio integrations are supported with Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh: 3scale - Istio provides an optional integration with Red Hat 3scale API Management solutions. For versions prior to 2.1, this integration was achieved via the 3scale Istio adapter. For version 2.1 and later, the 3scale integration is achieved via a WebAssembly module. For information about how to install the 3scale adapter, refer to the 3scale Istio adapter documentation 1.3.3. Understanding Kiali Kiali provides visibility into your service mesh by showing you the microservices in your service mesh, and how they are connected. 1.3.3.1. Kiali overview Kiali provides observability into the Service Mesh running on OpenShift Container Platform. Kiali helps you define, validate, and observe your Istio service mesh. It helps you to understand the structure of your service mesh by inferring the topology, and also provides information about the health of your service mesh. Kiali provides an interactive graph view of your namespace in real time that provides visibility into features like circuit breakers, request rates, latency, and even graphs of traffic flows. Kiali offers insights about components at different levels, from Applications to Services and Workloads, and can display the interactions with contextual information and charts on the selected graph node or edge. Kiali also provides the ability to validate your Istio configurations, such as gateways, destination rules, virtual services, mesh policies, and more. Kiali provides detailed metrics, and a basic Grafana integration is available for advanced queries. Distributed tracing is provided by integrating Jaeger into the Kiali console. Kiali is installed by default as part of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. 1.3.3.2. Kiali architecture Kiali is based on the open source Kiali project . Kiali is composed of two components: the Kiali application and the Kiali console. Kiali application (back end) - This component runs in the container application platform and communicates with the service mesh components, retrieves and processes data, and exposes this data to the console. The Kiali application does not need storage. When deploying the application to a cluster, configurations are set in ConfigMaps and secrets. Kiali console (front end) - The Kiali console is a web application. The Kiali application serves the Kiali console, which then queries the back end for data to present it to the user. In addition, Kiali depends on external services and components provided by the container application platform and Istio. Red Hat Service Mesh (Istio) - Istio is a Kiali requirement. Istio is the component that provides and controls the service mesh. Although Kiali and Istio can be installed separately, Kiali depends on Istio and will not work if it is not present. Kiali needs to retrieve Istio data and configurations, which are exposed through Prometheus and the cluster API. Prometheus - A dedicated Prometheus instance is included as part of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation. When Istio telemetry is enabled, metrics data are stored in Prometheus. Kiali uses this Prometheus data to determine the mesh topology, display metrics, calculate health, show possible problems, and so on. Kiali communicates directly with Prometheus and assumes the data schema used by Istio Telemetry. Prometheus is an Istio dependency and a hard dependency for Kiali, and many of Kiali's features will not work without Prometheus. Cluster API - Kiali uses the API of the OpenShift Container Platform (cluster API) to fetch and resolve service mesh configurations. Kiali queries the cluster API to retrieve, for example, definitions for namespaces, services, deployments, pods, and other entities. Kiali also makes queries to resolve relationships between the different cluster entities. The cluster API is also queried to retrieve Istio configurations like virtual services, destination rules, route rules, gateways, quotas, and so on. Jaeger - Jaeger is optional, but is installed by default as part of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation. When you install the distributed tracing platform as part of the default Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation, the Kiali console includes a tab to display distributed tracing data. Note that tracing data will not be available if you disable Istio's distributed tracing feature. Also note that user must have access to the namespace where the Service Mesh control plane is installed to view tracing data. Grafana - Grafana is optional, but is installed by default as part of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installation. When available, the metrics pages of Kiali display links to direct the user to the same metric in Grafana. Note that user must have access to the namespace where the Service Mesh control plane is installed to view links to the Grafana dashboard and view Grafana data. 1.3.3.3. Kiali features The Kiali console is integrated with Red Hat Service Mesh and provides the following capabilities: Health - Quickly identify issues with applications, services, or workloads. Topology - Visualize how your applications, services, or workloads communicate via the Kiali graph. Metrics - Predefined metrics dashboards let you chart service mesh and application performance for Go, Node.js. Quarkus, Spring Boot, Thorntail and Vert.x. You can also create your own custom dashboards. Tracing - Integration with Jaeger lets you follow the path of a request through various microservices that make up an application. Validations - Perform advanced validations on the most common Istio objects (Destination Rules, Service Entries, Virtual Services, and so on). Configuration - Optional ability to create, update and delete Istio routing configuration using wizards or directly in the YAML editor in the Kiali Console. 1.3.4. Understanding distributed tracing Every time a user takes an action in an application, a request is executed by the architecture that may require dozens of different services to participate to produce a response. The path of this request is a distributed transaction. The distributed tracing platform lets you perform distributed tracing, which follows the path of a request through various microservices that make up an application. Distributed tracing is a technique that is used to tie the information about different units of work together-usually executed in different processes or hosts-to understand a whole chain of events in a distributed transaction. Distributed tracing lets developers visualize call flows in large service oriented architectures. It can be invaluable in understanding serialization, parallelism, and sources of latency. The distributed tracing platform records the execution of individual requests across the whole stack of microservices, and presents them as traces. A trace is a data/execution path through the system. An end-to-end trace comprises one or more spans. A span represents a logical unit of work that has an operation name, the start time of the operation, and the duration. Spans may be nested and ordered to model causal relationships. 1.3.4.1. Distributed tracing overview As a service owner, you can use distributed tracing to instrument your services to gather insights into your service architecture. You can use distributed tracing for monitoring, network profiling, and troubleshooting the interaction between components in modern, cloud-native, microservices-based applications. With distributed tracing you can perform the following functions: Monitor distributed transactions Optimize performance and latency Perform root cause analysis Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing consists of two main components: Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform - This component is based on the open source Jaeger project . Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing data collection - This component is based on the open source OpenTelemetry project . Both of these components are based on the vendor-neutral OpenTracing APIs and instrumentation. 1.3.4.2. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing architecture Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing is made up of several components that work together to collect, store, and display tracing data. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform - This component is based on the open source Jaeger project . Client (Jaeger client, Tracer, Reporter, instrumented application, client libraries)- The distributed tracing platform clients are language-specific implementations of the OpenTracing API. They can be used to instrument applications for distributed tracing either manually or with a variety of existing open source frameworks, such as Camel (Fuse), Spring Boot (RHOAR), MicroProfile (RHOAR/Thorntail), Wildfly (EAP), and many more, that are already integrated with OpenTracing. Agent (Jaeger agent, Server Queue, Processor Workers) - The distributed tracing platform agent is a network daemon that listens for spans sent over User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which it batches and sends to the Collector. The agent is meant to be placed on the same host as the instrumented application. This is typically accomplished by having a sidecar in container environments such as Kubernetes. Jaeger Collector (Collector, Queue, Workers) - Similar to the Jaeger agent, the Jaeger Collector receives spans and places them in an internal queue for processing. This allows the Jaeger Collector to return immediately to the client/agent instead of waiting for the span to make its way to the storage. Storage (Data Store) - Collectors require a persistent storage backend. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform has a pluggable mechanism for span storage. Note that for this release, the only supported storage is Elasticsearch. Query (Query Service) - Query is a service that retrieves traces from storage. Ingester (Ingester Service) - Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing can use Apache Kafka as a buffer between the Collector and the actual Elasticsearch backing storage. Ingester is a service that reads data from Kafka and writes to the Elasticsearch storage backend. Jaeger Console - With the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform user interface, you can visualize your distributed tracing data. On the Search page, you can find traces and explore details of the spans that make up an individual trace. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing data collection - This component is based on the open source OpenTelemetry project . OpenTelemetry Collector - The OpenTelemetry Collector is a vendor-agnostic way to receive, process, and export telemetry data. The OpenTelemetry Collector supports open-source observability data formats, for example, Jaeger and Prometheus, sending to one or more open-source or commercial back-ends. The Collector is the default location instrumentation libraries export their telemetry data. 1.3.4.3. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing features Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing provides the following capabilities: Integration with Kiali - When properly configured, you can view distributed tracing data from the Kiali console. High scalability - The distributed tracing back end is designed to have no single points of failure and to scale with the business needs. Distributed Context Propagation - Enables you to connect data from different components together to create a complete end-to-end trace. Backwards compatibility with Zipkin - Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing has APIs that enable it to be used as a drop-in replacement for Zipkin, but Red Hat is not supporting Zipkin compatibility in this release. 1.3.5. steps Prepare to install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh in your OpenShift Container Platform environment. 1.4. Service mesh deployment models Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports several different deployment models that can be combined in different ways to best suit your business requirements. 1.4.1. Single mesh deployment model The simplest Istio deployment model is a single mesh. Service names within a mesh must be unique because Kubernetes only allows one service to be named myservice in the mynamespace namespace. However, workload instances can share a common identity since service account names can be shared across workloads in the same namespace 1.4.2. Single tenancy deployment model In Istio, a tenant is a group of users that share common access and privileges for a set of deployed workloads. You can use tenants to provide a level of isolation between different teams. You can segregate access to different tenants using NetworkPolicies , AuthorizationPolicies , and exportTo annotations on istio.io or service resources. Single tenant, cluster-wide Service Mesh control plane configurations are deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 1.0. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh defaults to a multitenant model. 1.4.3. Multitenant deployment model Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installs a ServiceMeshControlPlane that is configured for multitenancy by default. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a multitenant Operator to manage the Service Mesh control plane lifecycle. Within a mesh, namespaces are used for tenancy. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses ServiceMeshControlPlane resources to manage mesh installations, whose scope is limited by default to namespace that contains the resource. You use ServiceMeshMemberRoll and ServiceMeshMember resources to include additional namespaces into the mesh. A namespace can only be included in a single mesh, and multiple meshes can be installed in a single OpenShift cluster. Typical service mesh deployments use a single Service Mesh control plane to configure communication between services in the mesh. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports "soft multitenancy", where there is one control plane and one mesh per tenant, and there can be multiple independent control planes within the cluster. Multitenant deployments specify the projects that can access the Service Mesh and isolate the Service Mesh from other control plane instances. The cluster administrator gets control and visibility across all the Istio control planes, while the tenant administrator only gets control over their specific Service Mesh, Kiali, and Jaeger instances. You can grant a team permission to deploy its workloads only to a given namespace or set of namespaces. If granted the mesh-user role by the service mesh administrator, users can create a ServiceMeshMember resource to add namespaces to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll . 1.4.4. Multimesh or federated deployment model Federation is a deployment model that lets you share services and workloads between separate meshes managed in distinct administrative domains. The Istio multi-cluster model requires a high level of trust between meshes and remote access to all Kubernetes API servers on which the individual meshes reside. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federation takes an opinionated approach to a multi-cluster implementation of Service Mesh that assumes minimal trust between meshes. A federated mesh is a group of meshes behaving as a single mesh. The services in each mesh can be unique services, for example a mesh adding services by importing them from another mesh, can provide additional workloads for the same services across the meshes, providing high availability, or a combination of both. All meshes that are joined into a federated mesh remain managed individually, and you must explicitly configure which services are exported to and imported from other meshes in the federation. Support functions such as certificate generation, metrics and trace collection remain local in their respective meshes. 1.5. Service Mesh and Istio differences Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh differs from an installation of Istio to provide additional features or to handle differences when deploying on OpenShift Container Platform. 1.5.1. Differences between Istio and Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh The following features are different in Service Mesh and Istio. 1.5.1.1. Command line tool The command line tool for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is oc . Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support istioctl . 1.5.1.2. Installation and upgrades Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support Istio installation profiles. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support canary upgrades of the service mesh. 1.5.1.3. Automatic injection The upstream Istio community installation automatically injects the sidecar into pods within the projects you have labeled. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not automatically inject the sidecar to any pods, but requires you to opt in to injection using an annotation without labeling projects. This method requires fewer privileges and does not conflict with other OpenShift capabilities such as builder pods. To enable automatic injection you specify the sidecar.istio.io/inject annotation as described in the Automatic sidecar injection section. Table 1.4. Sidecar injection label and annotation settings Upstream Istio Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Namespace Label supports "enabled" and "disabled" supports "disabled" Pod Label supports "true" and "false" not supported Pod Annotation supports "false" only supports "true" and "false" 1.5.1.4. Istio Role Based Access Control features Istio Role Based Access Control (RBAC) provides a mechanism you can use to control access to a service. You can identify subjects by user name or by specifying a set of properties and apply access controls accordingly. The upstream Istio community installation includes options to perform exact header matches, match wildcards in headers, or check for a header containing a specific prefix or suffix. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extends the ability to match request headers by using a regular expression. Specify a property key of request.regex.headers with a regular expression. Upstream Istio community matching request headers example apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin-usernamepolicy spec: action: ALLOW rules: - when: - key: 'request.regex.headers[username]' values: - "allowed.*" selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin 1.5.1.5. OpenSSL Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh replaces BoringSSL with OpenSSL. OpenSSL is a software library that contains an open source implementation of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols. The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Proxy binary dynamically links the OpenSSL libraries (libssl and libcrypto) from the underlying Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system. 1.5.1.6. External workloads Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support external workloads, such as virtual machines running outside OpenShift on bare metal servers. 1.5.1.7. Virtual Machine Support You can deploy virtual machines to OpenShift using OpenShift Virtualization. Then, you can apply a mesh policy, such as mTLS or AuthorizationPolicy, to these virtual machines, just like any other pod that is part of a mesh. 1.5.1.8. Component modifications A maistra-version label has been added to all resources. All Ingress resources have been converted to OpenShift Route resources. Grafana, distributed tracing (Jaeger), and Kiali are enabled by default and exposed through OpenShift routes. Godebug has been removed from all templates The istio-multi ServiceAccount and ClusterRoleBinding have been removed, as well as the istio-reader ClusterRole. 1.5.1.9. Envoy filters Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support EnvoyFilter configuration except where explicitly documented. Due to tight coupling with the underlying Envoy APIs, backward compatibility cannot be maintained. EnvoyFilter patches are very sensitive to the format of the Envoy configuration that is generated by Istio. If the configuration generated by Istio changes, it has the potential to break the application of the EnvoyFilter . 1.5.1.10. Envoy services Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support QUIC-based services. 1.5.1.11. Istio Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh includes CNI plug-in, which provides you with an alternate way to configure application pod networking. The CNI plug-in replaces the init-container network configuration eliminating the need to grant service accounts and projects access to security context constraints (SCCs) with elevated privileges. 1.5.1.12. Global mTLS settings Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh creates a PeerAuthentication resource that enables or disables Mutual TLS authentication (mTLS) within the mesh. 1.5.1.13. Gateways Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installs ingress and egress gateways by default. You can disable gateway installation in the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) resource by using the following settings: spec.gateways.enabled=false to disable both ingress and egress gateways. spec.gateways.ingress.enabled=false to disable ingress gateways. spec.gateways.egress.enabled=false to disable egress gateways. Note The Operator annotates the default gateways to indicate that they are generated by and managed by the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. 1.5.1.14. Multicluster configurations Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not provide support for multicluster configurations. 1.5.1.15. Custom Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) You cannot configure Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh to process CSRs through the Kubernetes certificate authority (CA). 1.5.1.16. Routes for Istio Gateways OpenShift routes for Istio Gateways are automatically managed in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Every time an Istio Gateway is created, updated or deleted inside the service mesh, an OpenShift route is created, updated or deleted. A Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane component called Istio OpenShift Routing (IOR) synchronizes the gateway route. For more information, see Automatic route creation. 1.5.1.16.1. Catch-all domains Catch-all domains ("*") are not supported. If one is found in the Gateway definition, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will create the route, but will rely on OpenShift to create a default hostname. This means that the newly created route will not be a catch all ("*") route, instead it will have a hostname in the form <route-name>[-<project>].<suffix> . See the OpenShift Container Platform documentation for more information about how default hostnames work and how a cluster-admin can customize it. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, refer to the Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated the dedicated-admin role. 1.5.1.16.2. Subdomains Subdomains (e.g.: "*.domain.com") are supported. However this ability doesn't come enabled by default in OpenShift Container Platform. This means that Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will create the route with the subdomain, but it will only be in effect if OpenShift Container Platform is configured to enable it. 1.5.1.16.3. Transport layer security Transport Layer Security (TLS) is supported. This means that, if the Gateway contains a tls section, the OpenShift Route will be configured to support TLS. Additional resources Automatic route creation 1.5.2. Multitenant installations Whereas upstream Istio takes a single tenant approach, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports multiple independent control planes within the cluster. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a multitenant operator to manage the control plane lifecycle. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installs a multitenant control plane by default. You specify the projects that can access the Service Mesh, and isolate the Service Mesh from other control plane instances. 1.5.2.1. Multitenancy versus cluster-wide installations The main difference between a multitenant installation and a cluster-wide installation is the scope of privileges used by istod. The components no longer use cluster-scoped Role Based Access Control (RBAC) resource ClusterRoleBinding . Every project in the ServiceMeshMemberRoll members list will have a RoleBinding for each service account associated with the control plane deployment and each control plane deployment will only watch those member projects. Each member project has a maistra.io/member-of label added to it, where the member-of value is the project containing the control plane installation. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh configures each member project to ensure network access between itself, the control plane, and other member projects. The exact configuration differs depending on how OpenShift Container Platform software-defined networking (SDN) is configured. See About OpenShift SDN for additional details. If the OpenShift Container Platform cluster is configured to use the SDN plug-in: NetworkPolicy : Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh creates a NetworkPolicy resource in each member project allowing ingress to all pods from the other members and the control plane. If you remove a member from Service Mesh, this NetworkPolicy resource is deleted from the project. Note This also restricts ingress to only member projects. If you require ingress from non-member projects, you need to create a NetworkPolicy to allow that traffic through. Multitenant : Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh joins the NetNamespace for each member project to the NetNamespace of the control plane project (the equivalent of running oc adm pod-network join-projects --to control-plane-project member-project ). If you remove a member from the Service Mesh, its NetNamespace is isolated from the control plane (the equivalent of running oc adm pod-network isolate-projects member-project ). Subnet : No additional configuration is performed. 1.5.2.2. Cluster scoped resources Upstream Istio has two cluster scoped resources that it relies on. The MeshPolicy and the ClusterRbacConfig . These are not compatible with a multitenant cluster and have been replaced as described below. ServiceMeshPolicy replaces MeshPolicy for configuration of control-plane-wide authentication policies. This must be created in the same project as the control plane. ServicemeshRbacConfig replaces ClusterRbacConfig for configuration of control-plane-wide role based access control. This must be created in the same project as the control plane. 1.5.3. Kiali and service mesh Installing Kiali via the Service Mesh on OpenShift Container Platform differs from community Kiali installations in multiple ways. These modifications are sometimes necessary to resolve issues, provide additional features, or to handle differences when deploying on OpenShift Container Platform. Kiali has been enabled by default. Ingress has been enabled by default. Updates have been made to the Kiali ConfigMap. Updates have been made to the ClusterRole settings for Kiali. Do not edit the ConfigMap, because your changes might be overwritten by the Service Mesh or Kiali Operators. Files that the Kiali Operator manages have a kiali.io/ label or annotation. Updating the Operator files should be restricted to those users with cluster-admin privileges. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, updating the Operator files should be restricted to those users with dedicated-admin privileges. 1.5.4. Distributed tracing and service mesh Installing the distributed tracing platform with the Service Mesh on OpenShift Container Platform differs from community Jaeger installations in multiple ways. These modifications are sometimes necessary to resolve issues, provide additional features, or to handle differences when deploying on OpenShift Container Platform. Distributed tracing has been enabled by default for Service Mesh. Ingress has been enabled by default for Service Mesh. The name for the Zipkin port name has changed to jaeger-collector-zipkin (from http ) Jaeger uses Elasticsearch for storage by default when you select either the production or streaming deployment option. The community version of Istio provides a generic "tracing" route. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a "jaeger" route that is installed by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator and is already protected by OAuth. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a sidecar for the Envoy proxy, and Jaeger also uses a sidecar, for the Jaeger agent. These two sidecars are configured separately and should not be confused with each other. The proxy sidecar creates spans related to the pod's ingress and egress traffic. The agent sidecar receives the spans emitted by the application and sends them to the Jaeger Collector. 1.6. Preparing to install Service Mesh Before you can install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, you must subscribe to OpenShift Container Platform and install OpenShift Container Platform in a supported configuration. 1.6.1. Prerequisites Maintain an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription on your Red Hat account. If you do not have a subscription, contact your sales representative for more information. Review the OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 overview . Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7. If you are installing Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh on a restricted network , follow the instructions for your chosen OpenShift Container Platform infrastructure. Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on AWS Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on user-provisioned AWS Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on bare metal Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on vSphere Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on IBM Z and LinuxONE Install OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 on IBM Power Systems Install the version of the OpenShift Container Platform command line utility (the oc client tool) that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version and add it to your path. If you are using OpenShift Container Platform 4.7, see About the OpenShift CLI . For additional information about Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh lifecycle and supported platforms, refer to the Support Policy . 1.6.2. Supported configurations The following configurations are supported for the current release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. 1.6.2.1. Supported platforms The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports multiple versions of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Version 2.2 Service Mesh control planes are supported on the following platform versions: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform version 4.9 or later. Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated version 4. Azure Red Hat OpenShift (ARO) version 4. Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA). 1.6.2.2. Unsupported configurations Explicitly unsupported cases include: OpenShift Online is not supported for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support the management of microservices outside the cluster where Service Mesh is running. 1.6.2.3. Supported network configurations Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports the following network configurations. OpenShift-SDN OVN-Kubernetes is supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.7.32+, OpenShift Container Platform 4.8.12+, and OpenShift Container Platform 4.9+. Third-Party Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-ins that have been certified on OpenShift Container Platform and passed Service Mesh conformance testing. See Certified OpenShift CNI Plug-ins for more information. 1.6.2.4. Supported configurations for Service Mesh This release of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is only available on OpenShift Container Platform x86_64, IBM Z, and IBM Power Systems. IBM Z is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 and later. IBM Power Systems is only supported on OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 and later. Configurations where all Service Mesh components are contained within a single OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Configurations that do not integrate external services such as virtual machines. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support EnvoyFilter configuration except where explicitly documented. 1.6.2.5. Supported configurations for Kiali The Kiali console is only supported on the two most recent releases of the Chrome, Edge, Firefox, or Safari browsers. 1.6.2.6. Supported configurations for Distributed Tracing Jaeger agent as a sidecar is the only supported configuration for Jaeger. Jaeger as a daemonset is not supported for multitenant installations or OpenShift Dedicated. 1.6.2.7. Supported WebAssembly module 3scale WebAssembly is the only provided WebAssembly module. You can create custom WebAssembly modules. 1.6.3. steps Install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh in your OpenShift Container Platform environment. 1.7. Installing the Operators To install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, first install the required Operators on OpenShift Container Platform and then create a ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to deploy the control plane. Note This basic installation is configured based on the default OpenShift settings and is not designed for production use. Use this default installation to verify your installation, and then configure your service mesh for your specific environment. Prerequisites Read the Preparing to install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh process. An account with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. The following steps show how to install a basic instance of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh on OpenShift Container Platform. 1.7.1. Operator overview Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh requires the following four Operators: OpenShift Elasticsearch - (Optional) Provides database storage for tracing and logging with the distributed tracing platform. It is based on the open source Elasticsearch project. Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform - Provides distributed tracing to monitor and troubleshoot transactions in complex distributed systems. It is based on the open source Jaeger project. Kiali - Provides observability for your service mesh. Allows you to view configurations, monitor traffic, and analyze traces in a single console. It is based on the open source Kiali project. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh - Allows you to connect, secure, control, and observe the microservices that comprise your applications. The Service Mesh Operator defines and monitors the ServiceMeshControlPlane resources that manage the deployment, updating, and deletion of the Service Mesh components. It is based on the open source Istio project. Warning Do not install Community versions of the Operators. Community Operators are not supported. 1.7.2. Installing the Operators To install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, install following Operators in this order. Repeat the procedure for each Operator. OpenShift Elasticsearch Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Kiali Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Note If you have already installed the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator as part of OpenShift Logging, you do not need to install the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator again. The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator will create the Elasticsearch instance using the installed OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators OperatorHub . Type the name of the Operator into the filter box and select the Red Hat version of the Operator. Community versions of the Operators are not supported. Click Install . On the Install Operator page for each Operator, accept the default settings. Click Install . Wait until the Operator has installed before repeating the steps for the Operator in the list. The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator is installed in the openshift-operators-redhat namespace and is available for all namespaces in the cluster. The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform is installed in the openshift-distributed-tracing namespace and is available for all namespaces in the cluster. The Kiali and Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operators are installed in the openshift-operators namespace and are available for all namespaces in the cluster. After all you have installed all four Operators, click Operators Installed Operators to verify that your Operators installed. 1.7.3. steps The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator does not create the various Service Mesh custom resource definitions (CRDs) until you deploy a Service Mesh control plane. You use the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to install and configure the Service Mesh components. For more information, see Creating the ServiceMeshControlPlane . 1.8. Creating the ServiceMeshControlPlane You can deploy a basic installation of the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) by using either the OpenShift Container Platform web console or from the command line using the oc client tool. Note This basic installation is configured based on the default OpenShift settings and is not designed for production use. Use this default installation to verify your installation, and then configure your ServiceMeshControlPlane for your environment. Note Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) places additional restrictions on where you can create resources and as a result the default deployment does not work. See Installing Service Mesh on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS for additional requirements before deploying your SMCP in a ROSA environment. Note The Service Mesh documentation uses istio-system as the example project, but you can deploy the service mesh to any project. 1.8.1. Deploying the Service Mesh control plane from the web console You can deploy a basic ServiceMeshControlPlane by using the web console. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. Prerequisites The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator must be installed. An account with the cluster-admin role. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Create a project named istio-system . Navigate to Home Projects . Click Create Project . In the Name field, enter istio-system . The ServiceMeshControlPlane resource must be installed in a project that is separate from your microservices and Operators. These steps use istio-system as an example, but you can deploy your Service Mesh control plane in any project as long as it is separate from the project that contains your services. Click Create . Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator, then click Istio Service Mesh Control Plane . On the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane tab, click Create ServiceMeshControlPlane . On the Create ServiceMeshControlPlane page, accept the default Service Mesh control plane version to take advantage of the features available in the most current version of the product. The version of the control plane determines the features available regardless of the version of the Operator. You can configure ServiceMeshControlPlane settings later. For more information, see Configuring Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Click Create . The Operator creates pods, services, and Service Mesh control plane components based on your configuration parameters. To verify the control plane installed correctly, click the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane tab. Click the name of the new control plane. Click the Resources tab to see the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane resources the Operator created and configured. 1.8.2. Deploying the Service Mesh control plane using the CLI You can deploy a basic ServiceMeshControlPlane from the command line. Prerequisites The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator must be installed. Access to the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Create a project named istio-system . USD oc new-project istio-system Create a ServiceMeshControlPlane file named istio-installation.yaml using the following example. The version of the Service Mesh control plane determines the features available regardless of the version of the Operator. Example version 2.2 istio-installation.yaml apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 tracing: type: Jaeger sampling: 10000 addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory kiali: enabled: true name: kiali grafana: enabled: true Run the following command to deploy the Service Mesh control plane, where <istio_installation.yaml> includes the full path to your file. USD oc create -n istio-system -f <istio_installation.yaml> To watch the progress of the pod deployment, run the following command: USD oc get pods -n istio-system -w You should see output similar to the following: NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE grafana-b4d59bd7-mrgbr 2/2 Running 0 65m istio-egressgateway-678dc97b4c-wrjkp 1/1 Running 0 108s istio-ingressgateway-b45c9d54d-4qg6n 1/1 Running 0 108s istiod-basic-55d78bbbcd-j5556 1/1 Running 0 108s jaeger-67c75bd6dc-jv6k6 2/2 Running 0 65m kiali-6476c7656c-x5msp 1/1 Running 0 43m prometheus-58954b8d6b-m5std 2/2 Running 0 66m wasm-cacher-basic-8c986c75-vj2cd 1/1 Running 0 65m 1.8.3. Validating your SMCP installation with the CLI You can validate the creation of the ServiceMeshControlPlane from the command line. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Run the following command to verify the Service Mesh control plane installation, where istio-system is the namespace where you installed the Service Mesh control plane. USD oc get smcp -n istio-system The installation has finished successfully when the STATUS column is ComponentsReady . NAME READY STATUS PROFILES VERSION AGE basic 10/10 ComponentsReady ["default"] 2.1.1 66m 1.8.4. Validating your SMCP installation with Kiali You can use the Kiali console to validate your Service Mesh installation. The Kiali console offers several ways to validate your Service Mesh components are deployed and configured properly. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Navigate to Networking Routes . On the Routes page, select the Service Mesh control plane project, for example istio-system , from the Namespace menu. The Location column displays the linked address for each route. If necessary, use the filter to find the route for the Kiali console. Click the route Location to launch the console. Click Log In With OpenShift . When you first log in to the Kiali Console, you see the Overview page which displays all the namespaces in your service mesh that you have permission to view. When there are multiple namespaces shown on the Overview page, Kiali shows namespaces with health or validation problems first. Figure 1.1. Kiali Overview page The tile for each namespace displays the number of labels, the Istio Config health, the number of and Applications health, and Traffic for the namespace. If you are validating the console installation and namespaces have not yet been added to the mesh, there might not be any data to display other than istio-system . Kiali has four dashboards specifically for the namespace where the Service Mesh control plane is installed. To view these dashboards, click the Options menu on the tile for the control plane namespace, for example, istio-system , and select one of the following options: Istio Mesh Dashboard Istio Control Plane Dashboard Istio Performance Dashboard Istio Wasm Exetension Dashboard Figure 1.2. Grafana Istio Control Plane Dashboard Kiali also installs two additional Grafana dashboards, available from the Grafana Home page: Istio Workload Dashboard Istio Service Dashboard To view the Service Mesh control plane nodes, click the Graph page, select the Namespace where you installed the ServiceMeshControlPlane from the menu, for example istio-system . If necessary, click Display idle nodes . To learn more about the Graph page, click the Graph tour link. To view the mesh topology, select one or more additional namespaces from the Service Mesh Member Roll from the Namespace menu. To view the list of applications in the istio-system namespace, click the Applications page. Kiali displays the health of the applications. Hover your mouse over the information icon to view any additional information noted in the Details column. To view the list of workloads in the istio-system namespace, click the Workloads page. Kiali displays the health of the workloads. Hover your mouse over the information icon to view any additional information noted in the Details column. To view the list of services in the istio-system namespace, click the Services page. Kiali displays the health of the services and of the configurations. Hover your mouse over the information icon to view any additional information noted in the Details column. To view a list of the Istio Configuration objects in the istio-system namespace, click the Istio Config page. Kiali displays the health of the configuration. If there are configuration errors, click the row and Kiali opens the configuration file with the error highlighted. 1.8.5. Installing on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) Starting with version 2.2, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports installation on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA). This section documents the additional requirements when installing Service Mesh on this platform. 1.8.5.1. Installation location You must create a new namespace, for example istio-system , when installing Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh and creating the ServiceMeshControlPlane . 1.8.5.2. Required Service Mesh control plane configuration The default configuration in the ServiceMeshControlPlane file does not work on a ROSA cluster. You must modify the default SMCP and set spec.security.identity.type=ThirdParty when installing on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS. Example ServiceMeshControlPlane resource for ROSA apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 security: identity: type: ThirdParty #required setting for ROSA tracing: type: Jaeger sampling: 10000 policy: type: Istiod addons: grafana: enabled: true jaeger: install: storage: type: Memory kiali: enabled: true prometheus: enabled: true telemetry: type: Istiod 1.8.5.3. Restrictions on Kiali configuration Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS places additional restrictions on where you can create resources and does not let you create the Kiali resource in a Red Hat managed namespace. This means that the following common settings for spec.deployment.accessible_namespaces are not allowed in a ROSA cluster: ['**'] (all namespaces) default codeready-* openshift-* redhat-* The validation error message provides a complete list of all the restricted namespaces. Example Kiali resource for ROSA apiVersion: kiali.io/v1alpha1 kind: Kiali metadata: name: kiali namespace: istio-system spec: auth: strategy: openshift deployment: accessible_namespaces: #restricted setting for ROSA - istio-system image_pull_policy: '' ingress_enabled: true namespace: istio-system 1.8.6. Additional resources Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh supports multiple independent control planes within the cluster. You can create reusable configurations with ServiceMeshControlPlane profiles. For more information, see Creating control plane profiles . 1.8.7. steps Create a ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource to specify the namespaces associated with the Service Mesh. For more information, see Adding services to a service mesh . 1.9. Adding services to a service mesh After installing the Operators and ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, add applications, workloads, or services to your mesh by creating a ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource and specifying the namespaces where your content is located. If you already have an application, workload, or service to add to a ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource, use the following steps. Or, to install a sample application called Bookinfo and add it to a ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource, skip to the tutorial for installing the Bookinfo example application to see how an application works in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. The items listed in the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource are the applications and workflows that are managed by the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. The control plane, which includes the Service Mesh Operators, Istiod, and ServiceMeshControlPlane , and the data plane, which includes applications and Envoy proxy, must be in separate namespaces. Note After you add the namespace to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll , access to services or pods in that namespace will not be accessible to callers outside the service mesh. 1.9.1. Creating the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh member roll The ServiceMeshMemberRoll lists the projects that belong to the Service Mesh control plane. Only projects listed in the ServiceMeshMemberRoll are affected by the control plane. A project does not belong to a service mesh until you add it to the member roll for a particular control plane deployment. You must create a ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource named default in the same project as the ServiceMeshControlPlane , for example istio-system . 1.9.1.1. Creating the member roll from the web console You can add one or more projects to the Service Mesh member roll from the web console. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. Prerequisites An installed, verified Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. List of existing projects to add to the service mesh. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. If you do not already have services for your mesh, or you are starting from scratch, create a project for your applications. It must be different from the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane. Navigate to Home Projects . Enter a name in the Name field. Click Create . Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and choose the project where your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource is deployed from the list, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Click the Istio Service Mesh Member Roll tab. Click Create ServiceMeshMemberRoll Click Members , then enter the name of your project in the Value field. You can add any number of projects, but a project can only belong to one ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Click Create . 1.9.1.2. Creating the member roll from the CLI You can add a project to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll from the command line. Prerequisites An installed, verified Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. List of projects to add to the service mesh. Access to the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 If you do not already have services for your mesh, or you are starting from scratch, create a project for your applications. It must be different from the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane. USD oc new-project <your-project> To add your projects as members, modify the following example YAML. You can add any number of projects, but a project can only belong to one ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. Example servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default namespace: istio-system spec: members: # a list of projects joined into the service mesh - your-project-name - another-project-name Run the following command to upload and create the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource in the istio-system namespace. USD oc create -n istio-system -f servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml Run the following command to verify the ServiceMeshMemberRoll was created successfully. USD oc get smmr -n istio-system default The installation has finished successfully when the STATUS column is Configured . 1.9.2. Adding or removing projects from the service mesh You can add or remove projects from an existing Service Mesh ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource using the web console. You can add any number of projects, but a project can only belong to one ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. The ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource is deleted when its corresponding ServiceMeshControlPlane resource is deleted. 1.9.2.1. Adding or removing projects from the member roll using the web console Prerequisites An installed, verified Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. An existing ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Name of the project with the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Names of the projects you want to add or remove from the mesh. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and choose the project where your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource is deployed from the list, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Click the Istio Service Mesh Member Roll tab. Click the default link. Click the YAML tab. Modify the YAML to add or remove projects as members. You can add any number of projects, but a project can only belong to one ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Click Save . Click Reload . 1.9.2.2. Adding or removing projects from the member roll using the CLI You can modify an existing Service Mesh member roll using the command line. Prerequisites An installed, verified Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. An existing ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Name of the project with the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Names of the projects you want to add or remove from the mesh. Access to the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI. Edit the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. USD oc edit smmr -n <controlplane-namespace> Modify the YAML to add or remove projects as members. You can add any number of projects, but a project can only belong to one ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. Example servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default namespace: istio-system #control plane project spec: members: # a list of projects joined into the service mesh - your-project-name - another-project-name 1.9.3. Bookinfo example application The Bookinfo example application allows you to test your Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2.3 installation on OpenShift Container Platform. The Bookinfo application displays information about a book, similar to a single catalog entry of an online book store. The application displays a page that describes the book, book details (ISBN, number of pages, and other information), and book reviews. The Bookinfo application consists of these microservices: The productpage microservice calls the details and reviews microservices to populate the page. The details microservice contains book information. The reviews microservice contains book reviews. It also calls the ratings microservice. The ratings microservice contains book ranking information that accompanies a book review. There are three versions of the reviews microservice: Version v1 does not call the ratings Service. Version v2 calls the ratings Service and displays each rating as one to five black stars. Version v3 calls the ratings Service and displays each rating as one to five red stars. 1.9.3.1. Installing the Bookinfo application This tutorial walks you through how to create a sample application by creating a project, deploying the Bookinfo application to that project, and viewing the running application in Service Mesh. Prerequisites: OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 or higher installed. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2.3 installed. Access to the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). An account with the cluster-admin role. Note The Bookinfo sample application cannot be installed on IBM Z and IBM Power Systems. Note The commands in this section assume the Service Mesh control plane project is istio-system . If you installed the control plane in another namespace, edit each command before you run it. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Click Home Projects . Click Create Project . Enter bookinfo as the Project Name , enter a Display Name , and enter a Description , then click Create . Alternatively, you can run this command from the CLI to create the bookinfo project. USD oc new-project bookinfo Click Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and use the Service Mesh control plane namespace. In this example, use istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Click the Istio Service Mesh Member Roll tab. If you have already created a Istio Service Mesh Member Roll, click the name, then click the YAML tab to open the YAML editor. If you have not created a ServiceMeshMemberRoll , click Create ServiceMeshMemberRoll . Click Members , then enter the name of your project in the Value field. Click Create to save the updated Service Mesh Member Roll. Or, save the following example to a YAML file. Bookinfo ServiceMeshMemberRoll example servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default spec: members: - bookinfo Run the following command to upload that file and create the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource in the istio-system namespace. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc create -n istio-system -f servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml Run the following command to verify the ServiceMeshMemberRoll was created successfully. USD oc get smmr -n istio-system -o wide The installation has finished successfully when the STATUS column is Configured . NAME READY STATUS AGE MEMBERS default 1/1 Configured 70s ["bookinfo"] From the CLI, deploy the Bookinfo application in the `bookinfo` project by applying the bookinfo.yaml file: USD oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml You should see output similar to the following: service/details created serviceaccount/bookinfo-details created deployment.apps/details-v1 created service/ratings created serviceaccount/bookinfo-ratings created deployment.apps/ratings-v1 created service/reviews created serviceaccount/bookinfo-reviews created deployment.apps/reviews-v1 created deployment.apps/reviews-v2 created deployment.apps/reviews-v3 created service/productpage created serviceaccount/bookinfo-productpage created deployment.apps/productpage-v1 created Create the ingress gateway by applying the bookinfo-gateway.yaml file: USD oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml You should see output similar to the following: gateway.networking.istio.io/bookinfo-gateway created virtualservice.networking.istio.io/bookinfo created Set the value for the GATEWAY_URL parameter: USD export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}') 1.9.3.2. Adding default destination rules Before you can use the Bookinfo application, you must first add default destination rules. There are two preconfigured YAML files, depending on whether or not you enabled mutual transport layer security (TLS) authentication. Procedure To add destination rules, run one of the following commands: If you did not enable mutual TLS: USD oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/destination-rule-all.yaml If you enabled mutual TLS: USD oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/destination-rule-all-mtls.yaml You should see output similar to the following: destinationrule.networking.istio.io/productpage created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/reviews created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/ratings created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/details created 1.9.3.3. Verifying the Bookinfo installation To confirm that the sample Bookinfo application was successfully deployed, perform the following steps. Prerequisites Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installed. Complete the steps for installing the Bookinfo sample app. Procedure from CLI Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI. Verify that all pods are ready with this command: USD oc get pods -n bookinfo All pods should have a status of Running . You should see output similar to the following: NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE details-v1-55b869668-jh7hb 2/2 Running 0 12m productpage-v1-6fc77ff794-nsl8r 2/2 Running 0 12m ratings-v1-7d7d8d8b56-55scn 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v1-868597db96-bdxgq 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v2-5b64f47978-cvssp 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v3-6dfd49b55b-vcwpf 2/2 Running 0 12m Run the following command to retrieve the URL for the product page: echo "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage" Copy and paste the output in a web browser to verify the Bookinfo product page is deployed. Procedure from Kiali web console Obtain the address for the Kiali web console. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Navigate to Networking Routes . On the Routes page, select the Service Mesh control plane project, for example istio-system , from the Namespace menu. The Location column displays the linked address for each route. Click the link in the Location column for Kiali. Click Log In With OpenShift . The Kiali Overview screen presents tiles for each project namespace. In Kiali, click Graph . Select bookinfo from the Namespace list, and App graph from the Graph Type list. Click Display idle nodes from the Display menu. This displays nodes that are defined but have not received or sent requests. It can confirm that an application is properly defined, but that no request traffic has been reported. Use the Duration menu to increase the time period to help ensure older traffic is captured. Use the Refresh Rate menu to refresh traffic more or less often, or not at all. Click Services , Workloads or Istio Config to see list views of bookinfo components, and confirm that they are healthy. 1.9.3.4. Removing the Bookinfo application Follow these steps to remove the Bookinfo application. Prerequisites OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 or higher installed. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2.3 installed. Access to the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). 1.9.3.4.1. Delete the Bookinfo project Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Click to Home Projects . Click the bookinfo menu , and then click Delete Project . Type bookinfo in the confirmation dialog box, and then click Delete . Alternatively, you can run this command using the CLI to create the bookinfo project. USD oc delete project bookinfo 1.9.3.4.2. Remove the Bookinfo project from the Service Mesh member roll Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Click Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and choose istio-system from the list. Click the Istio Service Mesh Member Roll link under Provided APIS for the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Click the ServiceMeshMemberRoll menu and select Edit Service Mesh Member Roll . Edit the default Service Mesh Member Roll YAML and remove bookinfo from the members list. Alternatively, you can run this command using the CLI to remove the bookinfo project from the ServiceMeshMemberRoll . In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc -n istio-system patch --type='json' smmr default -p '[{"op": "remove", "path": "/spec/members", "value":["'"bookinfo"'"]}]' Click Save to update Service Mesh Member Roll. 1.9.4. steps To continue the installation process, you must enable sidecar injection . 1.10. Enabling sidecar injection After adding the namespaces that contain your services to your mesh, the step is to enable automatic sidecar injection in the Deployment resource for your application. You must enable automatic sidecar injection for each deployment. If you have installed the Bookinfo sample application, the application was deployed and the sidecars were injected as part of the installation procedure. If you are using your own project and service, deploy your applications on OpenShift Container Platform. For more information, see the OpenShift Container Platform documentation, Understanding Deployment and DeploymentConfig objects . 1.10.1. Prerequisites Services deployed to the mesh , for example the Bookinfo sample application. A Deployment resource file. 1.10.2. Enabling automatic sidecar injection When deploying an application, you must opt-in to injection by configuring the annotation sidecar.istio.io/inject in spec.template.metadata.annotations to true in the deployment object. Opting in ensures that the sidecar injection does not interfere with other OpenShift Container Platform features such as builder pods used by numerous frameworks within the OpenShift Container Platform ecosystem. Prerequisites Identify the namespaces that are part of your service mesh and the deployments that need automatic sidecar injection. Procedure To find your deployments use the oc get command. USD oc get deployment -n <namespace> For example, to view the deployment file for the 'ratings-v1' microservice in the bookinfo namespace, use the following command to see the resource in YAML format. oc get deployment -n bookinfo ratings-v1 -o yaml Open the application's deployment configuration YAML file in an editor. Add spec.template.metadata.annotations.sidecar.istio/inject to your Deployment YAML and set sidecar.istio.io/inject to true as shown in the following example. Example snippet from bookinfo deployment-ratings-v1.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: ratings-v1 namespace: bookinfo labels: app: ratings version: v1 spec: template: metadata: annotations: sidecar.istio.io/inject: 'true' Save the Deployment configuration file. Add the file back to the project that contains your app. USD oc apply -n <namespace> -f deployment.yaml In this example, bookinfo is the name of the project that contains the ratings-v1 app and deployment-ratings-v1.yaml is the file you edited. USD oc apply -n bookinfo -f deployment-ratings-v1.yaml To verify that the resource uploaded successfully, run the following command. USD oc get deployment -n <namespace> <deploymentName> -o yaml For example, USD oc get deployment -n bookinfo ratings-v1 -o yaml 1.10.3. Validating sidecar injection The Kiali console offers several ways to validate whether or not your applications, services, and workloads have a sidecar proxy. Figure 1.3. Missing sidecar badge The Graph page displays a node badge indicating a Missing Sidecar on the following graphs: App graph Versioned app graph Workload graph Figure 1.4. Missing sidecar icon The Applications page displays a Missing Sidecar icon in the Details column for any applications in a namespace that do not have a sidecar. The Workloads page displays a Missing Sidecar icon in the Details column for any applications in a namespace that do not have a sidecar. The Services page displays a Missing Sidecar icon in the Details column for any applications in a namespace that do not have a sidecar. When there are multiple versions of a service, you use the Service Details page to view Missing Sidecar icons. The Workload Details page has a special unified Logs tab that lets you view and correlate application and proxy logs. You can view the Envoy logs as another way to validate sidecar injection for your application workloads. The Workload Details page also has an Envoy tab for any workload that is an Envoy proxy or has been injected with an Envoy proxy. This tab displays a built-in Envoy dashboard that includes subtabs for Clusters , Listeners , Routes , Bootstrap , Config , and Metrics . For information about enabling Envoy access logs, see the Troubleshooting section. For information about viewing Envoy logs, see Viewing logs in the Kiali console 1.10.4. Setting proxy environment variables through annotations Configuration for the Envoy sidecar proxies is managed by the ServiceMeshControlPlane . You can set environment variables for the sidecar proxy for applications by adding pod annotations to the deployment in the injection-template.yaml file. The environment variables are injected to the sidecar. Example injection-template.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: resource spec: replicas: 7 selector: matchLabels: app: resource template: metadata: annotations: sidecar.maistra.io/proxyEnv: "{ \"maistra_test_env\": \"env_value\", \"maistra_test_env_2\": \"env_value_2\" }" Warning You should never include maistra.io/ labels and annotations when creating your own custom resources. These labels and annotations indicate that the resources are generated and managed by the Operator. If you are copying content from an Operator-generated resource when creating your own resources, do not include labels or annotations that start with maistra.io/ . Resources that include these labels or annotations will be overwritten or deleted by the Operator during the reconciliation. 1.10.5. Updating sidecar proxies In order to update the configuration for sidecar proxies the application administrator must restart the application pods. If your deployment uses automatic sidecar injection, you can update the pod template in the deployment by adding or modifying an annotation. Run the following command to redeploy the pods: USD oc patch deployment/<deployment> -p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"annotations":{"kubectl.kubernetes.io/restartedAt": "'`date -Iseconds`'"}}}}}' If your deployment does not use automatic sidecar injection, you must manually update the sidecars by modifying the sidecar container image specified in the deployment or pod, and then restart the pods. 1.10.6. steps Configure Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh features for your environment. Security Traffic management Metrics, logs, and traces 1.11. Upgrading Service Mesh To access the most current features of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, upgrade to the current version, 2.2.3. 1.11.1. Understanding versioning Red Hat uses semantic versioning for product releases. Semantic Versioning is a 3-component number in the format of X.Y.Z, where: X stands for a Major version. Major releases usually denote some sort of breaking change: architectural changes, API changes, schema changes, and similar major updates. Y stands for a Minor version. Minor releases contain new features and functionality while maintaining backwards compatibility. Z stands for a Patch version (also known as a z-stream release). Patch releases are used to addresses Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) and release bug fixes. New features and functionality are generally not released as part of a Patch release. 1.11.1.1. How versioning affects Service Mesh upgrades Depending on the version of the update you are making, the upgrade process is different. Patch updates - Patch upgrades are managed by the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM); they happen automatically when you update your Operators. Minor upgrades - Minor upgrades require both updating to the most recent Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator version and manually modifying the spec.version value in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resources. Major upgrades - Major upgrades require both updating to the most recent Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator version and manually modifying the spec.version value in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resources. Because major upgrades can contain changes that are not backwards compatible, additional manual changes might be required. 1.11.1.2. Understanding Service Mesh versions In order to understand what version of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh you have deployed on your system, you need to understand how each of the component versions is managed. Operator version - The most current Operator version is 2.2.3. The Operator version number only indicates the version of the currently installed Operator. Because the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports multiple versions of the Service Mesh control plane, the version of the Operator does not determine the version of your deployed ServiceMeshControlPlane resources. Important Upgrading to the latest Operator version automatically applies patch updates, but does not automatically upgrade your Service Mesh control plane to the latest minor version. ServiceMeshControlPlane version - The ServiceMeshControlPlane version determines what version of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh you are using. The value of the spec.version field in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource controls the architecture and configuration settings that are used to install and deploy Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. When you create the Service Mesh control plane you can set the version in one of two ways: To configure in the Form View, select the version from the Control Plane Version menu. To configure in the YAML View, set the value for spec.version in the YAML file. Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) does not manage Service Mesh control plane upgrades, so the version number for your Operator and ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) may not match, unless you have manually upgraded your SMCP. 1.11.2. Upgrade considerations The maistra.io/ label or annotation should not be used on a user-created custom resource, because it indicates that the resource was generated by and should be managed by the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Warning During the upgrade, the Operator makes changes, including deleting or replacing files, to resources that include the following labels or annotations that indicate that the resource is managed by the Operator. Before upgrading check for user-created custom resources that include the following labels or annotations: maistra.io/ AND the app.kubernetes.io/managed-by label set to maistra-istio-operator (Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh) kiali.io/ (Kiali) jaegertracing.io/ (Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform) logging.openshift.io/ (Red Hat Elasticsearch) Before upgrading, check your user-created custom resources for labels or annotations that indicate they are Operator managed. Remove the label or annotation from custom resources that you do not want to be managed by the Operator. When upgrading to version 2.0, the Operator only deletes resources with these labels in the same namespace as the SMCP. When upgrading to version 2.1, the Operator deletes resources with these labels in all namespaces. 1.11.2.1. Known issues that may affect upgrade Known issues that may affect your upgrade include: Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support the use of EnvoyFilter configuration except where explicitly documented. This is due to tight coupling with the underlying Envoy APIs, meaning that backward compatibility cannot be maintained. If you are using Envoy Filters, and the configuration generated by Istio has changed due to the lastest version of Envoy introduced by upgrading your ServiceMeshControlPlane , that has the potential to break any EnvoyFilter you may have implemented. OSSM-1505 ServiceMeshExtension does not work with OpenShift Container Platform version 4.11. Because ServiceMeshExtension has been deprecated in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.2, this known issue will not be fixed and you must migrate your extensions to WasmPluging OSSM-1396 If a gateway resource contains the spec.externalIPs setting, rather than being recreated when the ServiceMeshControlPlane is updated, the gateway is removed and never recreated. OSSM-1052 When configuring a Service ExternalIP for the ingressgateway in the Service Mesh control plane, the service is not created. The schema for the SMCP is missing the parameter for the service. Workaround: Disable the gateway creation in the SMCP spec and manage the gateway deployment entirely manually (including Service, Role and RoleBinding). 1.11.3. Upgrading the Operators In order to keep your Service Mesh patched with the latest security fixes, bug fixes, and software updates, you must keep your Operators updated. You initiate patch updates by upgrading your Operators. Important The version of the Operator does not determine the version of your service mesh. The version of your deployed Service Mesh control plane determines your version of Service Mesh. Because the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports multiple versions of the Service Mesh control plane, updating the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator does not update the spec.version value of your deployed ServiceMeshControlPlane . Also note that the spec.version value is a two digit number, for example 2.2, and that patch updates, for example 2.2.1, are not reflected in the SMCP version value. Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) controls the installation, upgrade, and role-based access control (RBAC) of Operators in a cluster. The OLM runs by default in OpenShift Container Platform. OLM queries for available Operators as well as upgrades for installed Operators. Whether or not you have to take action to upgrade your Operators depends on the settings you selected when installing them. When you installed each of your Operators, you selected an Update Channel and an Approval Strategy . The combination of these two settings determine when and how your Operators are updated. Table 1.5. Interaction of Update Channel and Approval Strategy Versioned channel "Stable" or "Preview" Channel Automatic Automatically updates the Operator for minor and patch releases for that version only. Will not automatically update to the major version (that is, from version 2.0 to 3.0). Manual change to Operator subscription required to update to the major version. Automatically updates Operator for all major, minor, and patch releases. Manual Manual updates required for minor and patch releases for the specified version. Manual change to Operator subscription required to update to the major version. Manual updates required for all major, minor, and patch releases. When you update your Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) removes the old Operator pod and starts a new pod. Once the new Operator pod starts, the reconciliation process checks the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP), and if there are updated container images available for any of the Service Mesh control plane components, it replaces those Service Mesh control plane pods with ones that use the new container images. When you upgrade the Kiali and Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operators, the OLM reconciliation process scans the cluster and upgrades the managed instances to the version of the new Operator. For example, if you update the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator from version 1.30.2 to version 1.34.1, the Operator scans for running instances of distributed tracing platform and upgrades them to 1.34.1 as well. To stay on a particular patch version of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, you would need to disable automatic updates and remain on that specific version of the Operator. For more information about upgrading Operators, refer to the Operator Lifecycle Manager documentation. 1.11.4. Upgrading the control plane You must manually update the control plane for minor and major releases. The community Istio project recommends canary upgrades, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh only supports in-place upgrades. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh requires that you upgrade from each minor release to the minor release in sequence. For example, you must upgrade from version 2.0 to version 2.1, and then upgrade to version 2.2. You cannot update from Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 to 2.2 directly. When you upgrade the service mesh control plane, all Operator managed resources, for example gateways, are also upgraded. Although you can deploy multiple versions of the control plane in the same cluster, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not support canary upgrades of the service mesh. That is, you can have different SCMP resources with different values for spec.version , but they cannot be managing the same mesh. 1.11.4.1. Upgrade changes from version 2.1 to version 2.2 Upgrading the Service Mesh control plane from version 2.1 to 2.2 introduces the following behavioral changes: The istio-node DaemonSet is renamed to istio-cni-node to match the name in upstream Istio. Istio 1.10 updated Envoy to send traffic to the application container using eth0 rather than lo by default. This release adds support for the WasmPlugin API and deprecates the ServiceMeshExtention API. For more information about migrating your extensions, refer to Migrating from ServiceMeshExtension to WasmPlugin resources . 1.11.4.2. Upgrade changes from version 2.0 to version 2.1 Upgrading the Service Mesh control plane from version 2.0 to 2.1 introduces the following architectural and behavioral changes. Architecture changes Mixer has been completely removed in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1. Upgrading from a Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0.x release to 2.1 will be blocked if Mixer is enabled. If you see the following message when upgrading from v2.0 to v2.1, update the existing Mixer type to Istiod type in the existing Control Plane spec before you update the .spec.version field: An error occurred admission webhook smcp.validation.maistra.io denied the request: [support for policy.type "Mixer" and policy.Mixer options have been removed in v2.1, please use another alternative, support for telemetry.type "Mixer" and telemetry.Mixer options have been removed in v2.1, please use another alternative]" For example: apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: policy: type: Istiod telemetry: type: Istiod version: v2.2 Behavioral changes AuthorizationPolicy updates: With the PROXY protocol, if you're using ipBlocks and notIpBlocks to specify remote IP addresses, update the configuration to use remoteIpBlocks and notRemoteIpBlocks instead. Added support for nested JSON Web Token (JWT) claims. EnvoyFilter breaking changes> Must use typed_config xDS v2 is no longer supported Deprecated filter names Older versions of proxies may report 503 status codes when receiving 1xx or 204 status codes from newer proxies. 1.11.4.3. Upgrading the Service Mesh control plane To upgrade Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, you must update the version field of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh ServiceMeshControlPlane v2 resource. Then, once it is configured and applied, restart the application pods to update each sidecar proxy and its configuration. Prerequisites You are running OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 or later. You have the latest Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Procedure Switch to the project that contains your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc project istio-system Check your v2 ServiceMeshControlPlane resource configuration to verify it is valid. Run the following command to view your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource as a v2 resource. USD oc get smcp -o yaml Tip Back up your Service Mesh control plane configuration. Update the .spec.version field and apply the configuration. For example: apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 Alternatively, instead of using the command line, you can use the web console to edit the Service Mesh control plane. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Project and select the project name you just entered. Click Operators Installed Operators . Find your ServiceMeshControlPlane instance. Select YAML view and update text of the YAML file, as shown in the example. Click Save . 1.11.4.4. Migrating Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh from version 1.1 to version 2.0 Upgrading from version 1.1 to 2.0 requires manual steps that migrate your workloads and application to a new instance of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh running the new version. Prerequisites You must upgrade to OpenShift Container Platform 4.7. before you upgrade to Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0. You must have Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0 operator. If you selected the automatic upgrade path, the operator automatically downloads the latest information. However, there are steps you must take to use the features in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0. 1.11.4.4.1. Upgrading Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh To upgrade Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, you must create an instance of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh ServiceMeshControlPlane v2 resource in a new namespace. Then, once it's configured, move your microservice applications and workloads from your old mesh to the new service mesh. Procedure Check your v1 ServiceMeshControlPlane resource configuration to make sure it is valid. Run the following command to view your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource as a v2 resource. USD oc get smcp -o yaml Check the spec.techPreview.errored.message field in the output for information about any invalid fields. If there are invalid fields in your v1 resource, the resource is not reconciled and cannot be edited as a v2 resource. All updates to v2 fields will be overridden by the original v1 settings. To fix the invalid fields, you can replace, patch, or edit the v1 version of the resource. You can also delete the resource without fixing it. After the resource has been fixed, it can be reconciled, and you can to modify or view the v2 version of the resource. To fix the resource by editing a file, use oc get to retrieve the resource, edit the text file locally, and replace the resource with the file you edited. USD oc get smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> > smcp-resource.yaml #Edit the smcp-resource.yaml file. USD oc replace -f smcp-resource.yaml To fix the resource using patching, use oc patch . USD oc patch smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> --type json --patch '[{"op": "replace","path":"/spec/path/to/bad/setting","value":"corrected-value"}]' To fix the resource by editing with command line tools, use oc edit . USD oc edit smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> Back up your Service Mesh control plane configuration. Switch to the project that contains your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc project istio-system Enter the following command to retrieve the current configuration. Your <smcp_name> is specified in the metadata of your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, for example basic-install or full-install . USD oc get servicemeshcontrolplanes.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> -o yaml > <smcp_name>.v1.yaml Convert your ServiceMeshControlPlane to a v2 control plane version that contains information about your configuration as a starting point. USD oc get smcp <smcp_name> -o yaml > <smcp_name>.v2.yaml Create a project. In the OpenShift Container Platform console Project menu, click New Project and enter a name for your project, istio-system-upgrade , for example. Or, you can run this command from the CLI. USD oc new-project istio-system-upgrade Update the metadata.namespace field in your v2 ServiceMeshControlPlane with your new project name. In this example, use istio-system-upgrade . Update the version field from 1.1 to 2.0 or remove it in your v2 ServiceMeshControlPlane . Create a ServiceMeshControlPlane in the new namespace. On the command line, run the following command to deploy the control plane with the v2 version of the ServiceMeshControlPlane that you retrieved. In this example, replace `<smcp_name.v2> `with the path to your file. USD oc create -n istio-system-upgrade -f <smcp_name>.v2.yaml Alternatively, you can use the console to create the Service Mesh control plane. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Project . Then, select the project name you just entered. Click Operators Installed Operators . Click Create ServiceMeshControlPlane . Select YAML view and paste text of the YAML file you retrieved into the field. Check that the apiVersion field is set to maistra.io/v2 and modify the metadata.namespace field to use the new namespace, for example istio-system-upgrade . Click Create . 1.11.4.4.2. Configuring the 2.0 ServiceMeshControlPlane The ServiceMeshControlPlane resource has been changed for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0. After you created a v2 version of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, modify it to take advantage of the new features and to fit your deployment. Consider the following changes to the specification and behavior of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 as you're modifying your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. You can also refer to the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 product documentation for new information to features you use. The v2 resource must be used for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 installations. 1.11.4.4.2.1. Architecture changes The architectural units used by versions have been replaced by Istiod. In 2.0 the Service Mesh control plane components Mixer, Pilot, Citadel, Galley, and the sidecar injector functionality have been combined into a single component, Istiod. Although Mixer is no longer supported as a control plane component, Mixer policy and telemetry plugins are now supported through WASM extensions in Istiod. Mixer can be enabled for policy and telemetry if you need to integrate legacy Mixer plugins. Secret Discovery Service (SDS) is used to distribute certificates and keys to sidecars directly from Istiod. In Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 1.1, secrets were generated by Citadel, which were used by the proxies to retrieve their client certificates and keys. 1.11.4.4.2.2. Annotation changes The following annotations are no longer supported in v2.0. If you are using one of these annotations, you must update your workload before moving it to a v2.0 Service Mesh control plane. sidecar.maistra.io/proxyCPULimit has been replaced with sidecar.istio.io/proxyCPULimit . If you were using sidecar.maistra.io annotations on your workloads, you must modify those workloads to use sidecar.istio.io equivalents instead. sidecar.maistra.io/proxyMemoryLimit has been replaced with sidecar.istio.io/proxyMemoryLimit sidecar.istio.io/discoveryAddress is no longer supported. Also, the default discovery address has moved from pilot.<control_plane_namespace>.svc:15010 (or port 15011, if mtls is enabled) to istiod-<smcp_name>.<control_plane_namespace>.svc:15012 . The health status port is no longer configurable and is hard-coded to 15021. * If you were defining a custom status port, for example, status.sidecar.istio.io/port , you must remove the override before moving the workload to a v2.0 Service Mesh control plane. Readiness checks can still be disabled by setting the status port to 0 . Kubernetes Secret resources are no longer used to distribute client certificates for sidecars. Certificates are now distributed through Istiod's SDS service. If you were relying on mounted secrets, they are longer available for workloads in v2.0 Service Mesh control planes. 1.11.4.4.2.3. Behavioral changes Some features in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0 work differently than they did in versions. The readiness port on gateways has moved from 15020 to 15021 . The target host visibility includes VirtualService, as well as ServiceEntry resources. It includes any restrictions applied through Sidecar resources. Automatic mutual TLS is enabled by default. Proxy to proxy communication is automatically configured to use mTLS, regardless of global PeerAuthentication policies in place. Secure connections are always used when proxies communicate with the Service Mesh control plane regardless of spec.security.controlPlane.mtls setting. The spec.security.controlPlane.mtls setting is only used when configuring connections for Mixer telemetry or policy. 1.11.4.4.2.4. Migration details for unsupported resources Policy (authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1) Policy resources must be migrated to new resource types for use with v2.0 Service Mesh control planes, PeerAuthentication and RequestAuthentication. Depending on the specific configuration in your Policy resource, you may have to configure multiple resources to achieve the same effect. Mutual TLS Mutual TLS enforcement is accomplished using the security.istio.io/v1beta1 PeerAuthentication resource. The legacy spec.peers.mtls.mode field maps directly to the new resource's spec.mtls.mode field. Selection criteria has changed from specifying a service name in spec.targets[x].name to a label selector in spec.selector.matchLabels . In PeerAuthentication, the labels must match the selector on the services named in the targets list. Any port-specific settings will need to be mapped into spec.portLevelMtls . Authentication Additional authentication methods specified in spec.origins , must be mapped into a security.istio.io/v1beta1 RequestAuthentication resource. spec.selector.matchLabels must be configured similarly to the same field on PeerAuthentication. Configuration specific to JWT principals from spec.origins.jwt items map to similar fields in spec.rules items. spec.origins[x].jwt.triggerRules specified in the Policy must be mapped into one or more security.istio.io/v1beta1 AuthorizationPolicy resources. Any spec.selector.labels must be configured similarly to the same field on RequestAuthentication. spec.origins[x].jwt.triggerRules.excludedPaths must be mapped into an AuthorizationPolicy whose spec.action is set to ALLOW, with spec.rules[x].to.operation.path entries matching the excluded paths. spec.origins[x].jwt.triggerRules.includedPaths must be mapped into a separate AuthorizationPolicy whose spec.action is set to ALLOW , with spec.rules[x].to.operation.path entries matching the included paths, and spec.rules.[x].from.source.requestPrincipals entries that align with the specified spec.origins[x].jwt.issuer in the Policy resource. ServiceMeshPolicy (maistra.io/v1) ServiceMeshPolicy was configured automatically for the Service Mesh control plane through the spec.istio.global.mtls.enabled in the v1 resource or spec.security.dataPlane.mtls in the v2 resource setting. For v2 control planes, a functionally equivalent PeerAuthentication resource is created during installation. This feature is deprecated in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.0 RbacConfig, ServiceRole, ServiceRoleBinding (rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1) These resources were replaced by the security.istio.io/v1beta1 AuthorizationPolicy resource. Mimicking RbacConfig behavior requires writing a default AuthorizationPolicy whose settings depend on the spec.mode specified in the RbacConfig. When spec.mode is set to OFF , no resource is required as the default policy is ALLOW, unless an AuthorizationPolicy applies to the request. When spec.mode is set to ON, set spec: {} . You must create AuthorizationPolicy policies for all services in the mesh. spec.mode is set to ON_WITH_INCLUSION , must create an AuthorizationPolicy with spec: {} in each included namespace. Inclusion of individual services is not supported by AuthorizationPolicy. However, as soon as any AuthorizationPolicy is created that applies to the workloads for the service, all other requests not explicitly allowed will be denied. When spec.mode is set to ON_WITH_EXCLUSION , it is not supported by AuthorizationPolicy. A global DENY policy can be created, but an AuthorizationPolicy must be created for every workload in the mesh because there is no allow-all policy that can be applied to either a namespace or a workload. AuthorizationPolicy includes configuration for both the selector to which the configuration applies, which is similar to the function ServiceRoleBinding provides and the rules which should be applied, which is similar to the function ServiceRole provides. ServiceMeshRbacConfig (maistra.io/v1) This resource is replaced by using a security.istio.io/v1beta1 AuthorizationPolicy resource with an empty spec.selector in the Service Mesh control plane's namespace. This policy will be the default authorization policy applied to all workloads in the mesh. For specific migration details, see RbacConfig above. 1.11.4.4.2.5. Mixer plugins Mixer components are disabled by default in version 2.0. If you rely on Mixer plugins for your workload, you must configure your version 2.0 ServiceMeshControlPlane to include the Mixer components. To enable the Mixer policy components, add the following snippet to your ServiceMeshControlPlane . spec: policy: type: Mixer To enable the Mixer telemetry components, add the following snippet to your ServiceMeshControlPlane . spec: telemetry: type: Mixer Legacy mixer plugins can also be migrated to WASM and integrated using the new ServiceMeshExtension (maistra.io/v1alpha1) custom resource. Built-in WASM filters included in the upstream Istio distribution are not available in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.0. 1.11.4.4.2.6. Mutual TLS changes When using mTLS with workload specific PeerAuthentication policies, a corresponding DestinationRule is required to allow traffic if the workload policy differs from the namespace/global policy. Auto mTLS is enabled by default, but can be disabled by setting spec.security.dataPlane.automtls to false in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. When disabling auto mTLS, DestinationRules may be required for proper communication between services. For example, setting PeerAuthentication to STRICT for one namespace may prevent services in other namespaces from accessing them, unless a DestinationRule configures TLS mode for the services in the namespace. For information about mTLS, see Enabling mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS) 1.11.4.4.2.6.1. Other mTLS Examples To disable mTLS For productpage service in the bookinfo sample application, your Policy resource was configured the following way for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh v1.1. Example Policy resource apiVersion: authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: Policy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-disable namespace: <namespace> spec: targets: - name: productpage To disable mTLS For productpage service in the bookinfo sample application, use the following example to configure your PeerAuthentication resource for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh v2.0. Example PeerAuthentication resource apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-disable namespace: <namespace> spec: mtls: mode: DISABLE selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage To enable mTLS With JWT authentication for the productpage service in the bookinfo sample application, your Policy resource was configured the following way for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh v1.1. Example Policy resource apiVersion: authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: Policy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: targets: - name: productpage ports: - number: 9000 peers: - mtls: origins: - jwt: issuer: "https://securetoken.google.com" audiences: - "productpage" jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs" jwtHeaders: - "x-goog-iap-jwt-assertion" triggerRules: - excludedPaths: - exact: /health_check principalBinding: USE_ORIGIN To enable mTLS With JWT authentication for the productpage service in the bookinfo sample application, use the following example to configure your PeerAuthentication resource for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh v2.0. Example PeerAuthentication resource #require mtls for productpage:9000 apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage portLevelMtls: 9000: mode: STRICT --- #JWT authentication for productpage apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: "https://securetoken.google.com" audiences: - "productpage" jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs" fromHeaders: - name: "x-goog-iap-jwt-assertion" --- #Require JWT token to access product page service from #any client to all paths except /health_check apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: action: ALLOW selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage rules: - to: # require JWT token to access all other paths - operation: notPaths: - /health_check from: - source: # if using principalBinding: USE_PEER in the Policy, # then use principals, e.g. # principals: # - "*" requestPrincipals: - "*" - to: # no JWT token required to access health_check - operation: paths: - /health_check 1.11.4.4.3. Configuration recipes You can configure the following items with these configuration recipes. 1.11.4.4.3.1. Mutual TLS in a data plane Mutual TLS for data plane communication is configured through spec.security.dataPlane.mtls in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, which is false by default. 1.11.4.4.3.2. Custom signing key Istiod manages client certificates and private keys used by service proxies. By default, Istiod uses a self-signed certificate for signing, but you can configure a custom certificate and private key. For more information about how to configure signing keys, see Adding an external certificate authority key and certificate 1.11.4.4.3.3. Tracing Tracing is configured in spec.tracing . Currently, the only type of tracer that is supported is Jaeger . Sampling is a scaled integer representing 0.01% increments, for example, 1 is 0.01% and 10000 is 100%. The tracing implementation and sampling rate can be specified: spec: tracing: sampling: 100 # 1% type: Jaeger Jaeger is configured in the addons section of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. spec: addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory # or Elasticsearch for production mode memory: maxTraces: 100000 elasticsearch: # the following values only apply if storage:type:=Elasticsearch storage: # specific storageclass configuration for the Jaeger Elasticsearch (optional) size: "100G" storageClassName: "storageclass" nodeCount: 3 redundancyPolicy: SingleRedundancy runtime: components: tracing.jaeger: {} # general Jaeger specific runtime configuration (optional) tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: #runtime configuration for Jaeger Elasticsearch deployment (optional) container: resources: requests: memory: "1Gi" cpu: "500m" limits: memory: "1Gi" The Jaeger installation can be customized with the install field. Container configuration, such as resource limits is configured in spec.runtime.components.jaeger related fields. If a Jaeger resource matching the value of spec.addons.jaeger.name exists, the Service Mesh control plane will be configured to use the existing installation. Use an existing Jaeger resource to fully customize your Jaeger installation. 1.11.4.4.3.4. Visualization Kiali and Grafana are configured under the addons section of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. spec: addons: grafana: enabled: true install: {} # customize install kiali: enabled: true name: kiali install: {} # customize install The Grafana and Kiali installations can be customized through their respective install fields. Container customization, such as resource limits, is configured in spec.runtime.components.kiali and spec.runtime.components.grafana . If an existing Kiali resource matching the value of name exists, the Service Mesh control plane configures the Kiali resource for use with the control plane. Some fields in the Kiali resource are overridden, such as the accessible_namespaces list, as well as the endpoints for Grafana, Prometheus, and tracing. Use an existing resource to fully customize your Kiali installation. 1.11.4.4.3.5. Resource utilization and scheduling Resources are configured under spec.runtime.<component> . The following component names are supported. Component Description Versions supported security Citadel container v1.0/1.1 galley Galley container v1.0/1.1 pilot Pilot/Istiod container v1.0/1.1/2.0 mixer istio-telemetry and istio-policy containers v1.0/1.1 mixer.policy istio-policy container v2.0 mixer.telemetry istio-telemetry container v2.0 global.ouathproxy oauth-proxy container used with various addons v1.0/1.1/2.0 sidecarInjectorWebhook sidecar injector webhook container v1.0/1.1 tracing.jaeger general Jaeger container - not all settings may be applied. Complete customization of Jaeger installation is supported by specifying an existing Jaeger resource in the Service Mesh control plane configuration. v1.0/1.1/2.0 tracing.jaeger.agent settings specific to Jaeger agent v1.0/1.1/2.0 tracing.jaeger.allInOne settings specific to Jaeger allInOne v1.0/1.1/2.0 tracing.jaeger.collector settings specific to Jaeger collector v1.0/1.1/2.0 tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch settings specific to Jaeger elasticsearch deployment v1.0/1.1/2.0 tracing.jaeger.query settings specific to Jaeger query v1.0/1.1/2.0 prometheus prometheus container v1.0/1.1/2.0 kiali Kiali container - complete customization of Kiali installation is supported by specifying an existing Kiali resource in the Service Mesh control plane configuration. v1.0/1.1/2.0 grafana Grafana container v1.0/1.1/2.0 3scale 3scale container v1.0/1.1/2.0 wasmExtensions.cacher WASM extensions cacher container v2.0 - tech preview Some components support resource limiting and scheduling. For more information, see Performance and scalability . 1.11.4.4.4. steps for migrating your applications and workloads Move the application workload to the new mesh and remove the old instances to complete your upgrade. 1.11.5. Upgrading the data plane Your data plane will still function after you have upgraded the control plane. But in order to apply updates to the Envoy proxy and any changes to the proxy configuration, you must restart your application pods and workloads. 1.11.5.1. Updating your applications and workloads To complete the migration, restart all of the application pods in the mesh to upgrade the Envoy sidecar proxies and their configuration. To perform a rolling update of a deployment use the following command: USD oc rollout restart <deployment> You must perform a rolling update for all applications that make up the mesh. 1.12. Managing users and profiles 1.12.1. Creating the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh members ServiceMeshMember resources provide a way for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh administrators to delegate permissions to add projects to a service mesh, even when the respective users don't have direct access to the service mesh project or member roll. While project administrators are automatically given permission to create the ServiceMeshMember resource in their project, they cannot point it to any ServiceMeshControlPlane until the service mesh administrator explicitly grants access to the service mesh. Administrators can grant users permissions to access the mesh by granting them the mesh-user user role. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc policy add-role-to-user -n istio-system --role-namespace istio-system mesh-user <user_name> Administrators can modify the mesh-user role binding in the Service Mesh control plane project to specify the users and groups that are granted access. The ServiceMeshMember adds the project to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll within the Service Mesh control plane project that it references. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMember metadata: name: default spec: controlPlaneRef: namespace: istio-system name: basic The mesh-users role binding is created automatically after the administrator creates the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. An administrator can use the following command to add a role to a user. USD oc policy add-role-to-user The administrator can also create the mesh-user role binding before the administrator creates the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. For example, the administrator can create it in the same oc apply operation as the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. This example adds a role binding for alice : apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: namespace: istio-system name: mesh-users roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: mesh-user subjects: - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: User name: alice 1.12.2. Creating Service Mesh control plane profiles You can create reusable configurations with ServiceMeshControlPlane profiles. Individual users can extend the profiles they create with their own configurations. Profiles can also inherit configuration information from other profiles. For example, you can create an accounting control plane for the accounting team and a marketing control plane for the marketing team. If you create a development template and a production template, members of the marketing team and the accounting team can extend the development and production profiles with team-specific customization. When you configure Service Mesh control plane profiles, which follow the same syntax as the ServiceMeshControlPlane , users inherit settings in a hierarchical fashion. The Operator is delivered with a default profile with default settings for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. 1.12.2.1. Creating the ConfigMap To add custom profiles, you must create a ConfigMap named smcp-templates in the openshift-operators project. The Operator container automatically mounts the ConfigMap . Prerequisites An installed, verified Service Mesh Operator. An account with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Location of the Operator deployment. Access to the OpenShift Container Platform Command-line Interface (CLI) also known as oc . Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a cluster-admin . If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. From the CLI, run this command to create the ConfigMap named smcp-templates in the openshift-operators project and replace <profiles-directory> with the location of the ServiceMeshControlPlane files on your local disk: USD oc create configmap --from-file=<profiles-directory> smcp-templates -n openshift-operators You can use the profiles parameter in the ServiceMeshControlPlane to specify one or more templates. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: profiles: - default 1.12.2.2. Setting the correct network policy Service Mesh creates network policies in the Service Mesh control plane and member namespaces to allow traffic between them. Before you deploy, consider the following conditions to ensure the services in your service mesh that were previously exposed through an OpenShift Container Platform route. Traffic into the service mesh must always go through the ingress-gateway for Istio to work properly. Deploy services external to the service mesh in separate namespaces that are not in any service mesh. Non-mesh services that need to be deployed within a service mesh enlisted namespace should label their deployments maistra.io/expose-route: "true" , which ensures OpenShift Container Platform routes to these services still work. 1.13. Security If your service mesh application is constructed with a complex array of microservices, you can use Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh to customize the security of the communication between those services. The infrastructure of OpenShift Container Platform along with the traffic management features of Service Mesh help you manage the complexity of your applications and secure microservices. Before you begin If you have a project, add your project to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource . If you don't have a project, install the Bookinfo sample application and add it to the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. The sample application helps illustrate security concepts. 1.13.1. About mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS) Mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS) is a protocol that enables two parties to authenticate each other. It is the default mode of authentication in some protocols (IKE, SSH) and optional in others (TLS). You can use mTLS without changes to the application or service code. The TLS is handled entirely by the service mesh infrastructure and between the two sidecar proxies. By default, mTLS in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is enabled and set to permissive mode, where the sidecars in Service Mesh accept both plain-text traffic and connections that are encrypted using mTLS. If a service in your mesh is communicating with a service outside the mesh, strict mTLS could break communication between those services. Use permissive mode while you migrate your workloads to Service Mesh. Then, you can enable strict mTLS across your mesh, namespace, or application. Enabling mTLS across your mesh at the Service Mesh control plane level secures all the traffic in your service mesh without rewriting your applications and workloads. You can secure namespaces in your mesh at the data plane level in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. To customize traffic encryption connections, configure namespaces at the application level with PeerAuthentication and DestinationRule resources. 1.13.1.1. Enabling strict mTLS across the service mesh If your workloads do not communicate with outside services, you can quickly enable mTLS across your mesh without communication interruptions. You can enable it by setting spec.security.dataPlane.mtls to true in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. The Operator creates the required resources. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: version: v2.2 security: dataPlane: mtls: true You can also enable mTLS by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Procedure Log in to the web console. Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click Operators Installed Operators . Click Service Mesh Control Plane under Provided APIs . Click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, for example, basic . On the Details page, click the toggle in the Security section for Data Plane Security . 1.13.1.1.1. Configuring sidecars for incoming connections for specific services You can also configure mTLS for individual services by creating a policy. Procedure Create a YAML file using the following example. PeerAuthentication Policy example policy.yaml apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: default namespace: <namespace> spec: mtls: mode: STRICT Replace <namespace> with the namespace where the service is located. Run the following command to create the resource in the namespace where the service is located. It must match the namespace field in the Policy resource you just created. USD oc create -n <namespace> -f <policy.yaml> Note If you are not using automatic mTLS and you are setting PeerAuthentication to STRICT, you must create a DestinationRule resource for your service. 1.13.1.1.2. Configuring sidecars for outgoing connections Create a destination rule to configure Service Mesh to use mTLS when sending requests to other services in the mesh. Procedure Create a YAML file using the following example. DestinationRule example destination-rule.yaml apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: default namespace: <namespace> spec: host: "*.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local" trafficPolicy: tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL Replace <namespace> with the namespace where the service is located. Run the following command to create the resource in the namespace where the service is located. It must match the namespace field in the DestinationRule resource you just created. USD oc create -n <namespace> -f <destination-rule.yaml> 1.13.1.1.3. Setting the minimum and maximum protocol versions If your environment has specific requirements for encrypted traffic in your service mesh, you can control the cryptographic functions that are allowed by setting the spec.security.controlPlane.tls.minProtocolVersion or spec.security.controlPlane.tls.maxProtocolVersion in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Those values, configured in your Service Mesh control plane resource, define the minimum and maximum TLS version used by mesh components when communicating securely over TLS. The default is TLS_AUTO and does not specify a version of TLS. Table 1.6. Valid values Value Description TLS_AUTO default TLSv1_0 TLS version 1.0 TLSv1_1 TLS version 1.1 TLSv1_2 TLS version 1.2 TLSv1_3 TLS version 1.3 Procedure Log in to the web console. Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click Operators Installed Operators . Click Service Mesh Control Plane under Provided APIs . Click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, for example, basic . Click the YAML tab. Insert the following code snippet in the YAML editor. Replace the value in the minProtocolVersion with the TLS version value. In this example, the minimum TLS version is set to TLSv1_2 . ServiceMeshControlPlane snippet kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: controlPlane: tls: minProtocolVersion: TLSv1_2 Click Save . Click Refresh to verify that the changes updated correctly. 1.13.1.2. Validating encryption with Kiali The Kiali console offers several ways to validate whether or not your applications, services, and workloads have mTLS encryption enabled. Figure 1.5. Masthead icon mesh-wide mTLS enabled At the right side of the masthead, Kiali shows a lock icon when the mesh has strictly enabled mTLS for the whole service mesh. It means that all communications in the mesh use mTLS. Figure 1.6. Masthead icon mesh-wide mTLS partially enabled Kiali displays a hollow lock icon when either the mesh is configured in PERMISSIVE mode or there is a error in the mesh-wide mTLS configuration. Figure 1.7. Security badge The Graph page has the option to display a Security badge on the graph edges to indicate that mTLS is enabled. To enable security badges on the graph, from the Display menu, under Show Badges , select the Security checkbox. When an edge shows a lock icon, it means at least one request with mTLS enabled is present. In case there are both mTLS and non-mTLS requests, the side-panel will show the percentage of requests that use mTLS. The Applications Detail Overview page displays a Security icon on the graph edges where at least one request with mTLS enabled is present. The Workloads Detail Overview page displays a Security icon on the graph edges where at least one request with mTLS enabled is present. The Services Detail Overview page displays a Security icon on the graph edges where at least one request with mTLS enabled is present. Also note that Kiali displays a lock icon in the Network section to ports that are configured for mTLS. 1.13.2. Configuring Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Role-based access control (RBAC) objects determine whether a user or service is allowed to perform a given action within a project. You can define mesh-, namespace-, and workload-wide access control for your workloads in the mesh. To configure RBAC, create an AuthorizationPolicy resource in the namespace for which you are configuring access. If you are configuring mesh-wide access, use the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . For example, with RBAC, you can create policies that: Configure intra-project communication. Allow or deny full access to all workloads in the default namespace. Allow or deny ingress gateway access. Require a token for access. An authorization policy includes a selector, an action, and a list of rules: The selector field specifies the target of the policy. The action field specifies whether to allow or deny the request. The rules field specifies when to trigger the action. The from field specifies constraints on the request origin. The to field specifies constraints on request target and parameters. The when field specifies additional conditions that to apply the rule. Procedure Create your AuthorizationPolicy resource. The following example shows a resource that updates the ingress-policy AuthorizationPolicy to deny an IP address from accessing the ingress gateway. apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: ingress-policy namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: istio-ingressgateway action: DENY rules: - from: - source: ipBlocks: ["1.2.3.4"] Run the following command after you write your resource to create your resource in your namespace. The namespace must match your metadata.namespace field in your AuthorizationPolicy resource. USD oc create -n istio-system -f <filename> steps Consider the following examples for other common configurations. 1.13.2.1. Configure intra-project communication You can use AuthorizationPolicy to configure your Service Mesh control plane to allow or deny the traffic communicating with your mesh or services in your mesh. 1.13.2.1.1. Restrict access to services outside a namespace You can deny requests from any source that is not in the bookinfo namespace with the following AuthorizationPolicy resource example. apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin-deny namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin version: v1 action: DENY rules: - from: - source: notNamespaces: ["bookinfo"] 1.13.2.1.2. Creating allow-all and default deny-all authorization policies The following example shows an allow-all authorization policy that allows full access to all workloads in the bookinfo namespace. apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: allow-all namespace: bookinfo spec: action: ALLOW rules: - {} The following example shows a policy that denies any access to all workloads in the bookinfo namespace. apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: deny-all namespace: bookinfo spec: {} 1.13.2.2. Allow or deny access to the ingress gateway You can set an authorization policy to add allow or deny lists based on IP addresses. apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: ingress-policy namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: istio-ingressgateway action: ALLOW rules: - from: - source: ipBlocks: ["1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.0/24"] 1.13.2.3. Restrict access with JSON Web Token You can restrict what can access your mesh with a JSON Web Token (JWT). After authentication, a user or service can access routes, services that are associated with that token. Create a RequestAuthentication resource, which defines the authentication methods that are supported by a workload. The following example accepts a JWT issued by http://localhost:8080/auth/realms/master . apiVersion: "security.istio.io/v1beta1" kind: "RequestAuthentication" metadata: name: "jwt-example" namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin jwtRules: - issuer: "http://localhost:8080/auth/realms/master" jwksUri: "http://keycloak.default.svc:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/certs" Then, create an AuthorizationPolicy resource in the same namespace to work with RequestAuthentication resource you created. The following example requires a JWT to be present in the Authorization header when sending a request to httpbin workloads. apiVersion: "security.istio.io/v1beta1" kind: "AuthorizationPolicy" metadata: name: "frontend-ingress" namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin action: DENY rules: - from: - source: notRequestPrincipals: ["*"] 1.13.3. Configuring cipher suites and ECDH curves Cipher suites and Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH curves) can help you secure your service mesh. You can define a comma separated list of cipher suites using spec.security.controlplane.tls.cipherSuites and ECDH curves using spec.security.controlplane.tls.ecdhCurves in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. If either of these attributes are empty, then the default values are used. The cipherSuites setting is effective if your service mesh uses TLS 1.2 or earlier. It has no effect when negotiating with TLS 1.3. Set your cipher suites in the comma separated list in order of priority. For example, ecdhCurves: CurveP256, CurveP384 sets CurveP256 as a higher priority than CurveP384 . Note You must include either TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 or TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 when you configure the cipher suite. HTTP/2 support requires at least one of these cipher suites. The supported cipher suites are: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA The supported ECDH Curves are: CurveP256 CurveP384 CurveP521 X25519 1.13.4. Adding an external certificate authority key and certificate By default, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh generates a self-signed root certificate and key and uses them to sign the workload certificates. You can also use the user-defined certificate and key to sign workload certificates with user-defined root certificate. This task demonstrates an example to plug certificates and key into Service Mesh. Prerequisites Install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh with mutual TLS enabled to configure certificates. This example uses the certificates from the Maistra repository . For production, use your own certificates from your certificate authority. Deploy the Bookinfo sample application to verify the results with these instructions. OpenSSL is required to verify certificates. 1.13.4.1. Adding an existing certificate and key To use an existing signing (CA) certificate and key, you must create a chain of trust file that includes the CA certificate, key, and root certificate. You must use the following exact file names for each of the corresponding certificates. The CA certificate is named ca-cert.pem , the key is ca-key.pem , and the root certificate, which signs ca-cert.pem , is named root-cert.pem . If your workload uses intermediate certificates, you must specify them in a cert-chain.pem file. Save the example certificates from the Maistra repository locally and replace <path> with the path to your certificates. Create a secret named cacert that includes the input files ca-cert.pem , ca-key.pem , root-cert.pem and cert-chain.pem . USD oc create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --from-file=<path>/ca-cert.pem \ --from-file=<path>/ca-key.pem --from-file=<path>/root-cert.pem \ --from-file=<path>/cert-chain.pem In the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource set spec.security.dataPlane.mtls true to true and configure the certificateAuthority field as shown in the following example. The default rootCADir is /etc/cacerts . You do not need to set the privateKey if the key and certs are mounted in the default location. Service Mesh reads the certificates and key from the secret-mount files. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: dataPlane: mtls: true certificateAuthority: type: Istiod istiod: type: PrivateKey privateKey: rootCADir: /etc/cacerts After creating/changing/deleting the cacert secret, the Service Mesh control plane istiod and gateway pods must be restarted so the changes go into effect. Use the following command to restart the pods: USD oc -n istio-system delete pods -l 'app in (istiod,istio-ingressgateway, istio-egressgateway)' The Operator will automatically recreate the pods after they have been deleted. Restart the bookinfo application pods so that the sidecar proxies pick up the secret changes. Use the following command to restart the pods: USD oc -n bookinfo delete pods --all You should see output similar to the following: pod "details-v1-6cd699df8c-j54nh" deleted pod "productpage-v1-5ddcb4b84f-mtmf2" deleted pod "ratings-v1-bdbcc68bc-kmng4" deleted pod "reviews-v1-754ddd7b6f-lqhsv" deleted pod "reviews-v2-675679877f-q67r2" deleted pod "reviews-v3-79d7549c7-c2gjs" deleted Verify that the pods were created and are ready with the following command: USD oc get pods -n bookinfo 1.13.4.2. Verifying your certificates Use the Bookinfo sample application to verify that the workload certificates are signed by the certificates that were plugged into the CA. This requires you have openssl installed on your machine To extract certificates from bookinfo workloads use the following command: USD sleep 60 USD oc -n bookinfo exec "USD(oc -n bookinfo get pod -l app=productpage -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c istio-proxy -- openssl s_client -showcerts -connect details:9080 > bookinfo-proxy-cert.txt USD sed -n '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/{:start /-----END CERTIFICATE-----/!{N;b start};/.*/p}' bookinfo-proxy-cert.txt > certs.pem USD awk 'BEGIN {counter=0;} /BEGIN CERT/{counter++} { print > "proxy-cert-" counter ".pem"}' < certs.pem After running the command, you should have three files in your working directory: proxy-cert-1.pem , proxy-cert-2.pem and proxy-cert-3.pem . Verify that the root certificate is the same as the one specified by the administrator. Replace <path> with the path to your certificates. USD openssl x509 -in <path>/root-cert.pem -text -noout > /tmp/root-cert.crt.txt Run the following syntax at the terminal window. USD openssl x509 -in ./proxy-cert-3.pem -text -noout > /tmp/pod-root-cert.crt.txt Compare the certificates by running the following syntax at the terminal window. USD diff -s /tmp/root-cert.crt.txt /tmp/pod-root-cert.crt.txt You should see the following result: Files /tmp/root-cert.crt.txt and /tmp/pod-root-cert.crt.txt are identical Verify that the CA certificate is the same as the one specified by the administrator. Replace <path> with the path to your certificates. USD openssl x509 -in <path>/ca-cert.pem -text -noout > /tmp/ca-cert.crt.txt Run the following syntax at the terminal window. USD openssl x509 -in ./proxy-cert-2.pem -text -noout > /tmp/pod-cert-chain-ca.crt.txt Compare the certificates by running the following syntax at the terminal window. USD diff -s /tmp/ca-cert.crt.txt /tmp/pod-cert-chain-ca.crt.txt You should see the following result: Files /tmp/ca-cert.crt.txt and /tmp/pod-cert-chain-ca.crt.txt are identical. Verify the certificate chain from the root certificate to the workload certificate. Replace <path> with the path to your certificates. USD openssl verify -CAfile <(cat <path>/ca-cert.pem <path>/root-cert.pem) ./proxy-cert-1.pem You should see the following result: ./proxy-cert-1.pem: OK 1.13.4.3. Removing the certificates To remove the certificates you added, follow these steps. Remove the secret cacerts . In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc delete secret cacerts -n istio-system Redeploy Service Mesh with a self-signed root certificate in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: dataPlane: mtls: true 1.14. Managing traffic in your service mesh Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh lets you control the flow of traffic and API calls between services. Some services in your service mesh may need to communicate within the mesh and others may need to be hidden. You can manage the traffic to hide specific backend services, expose services, create testing or versioning deployments, or add a security layer on a set of services. 1.14.1. Using gateways You can use a gateway to manage inbound and outbound traffic for your mesh to specify which traffic you want to enter or leave the mesh. Gateway configurations are applied to standalone Envoy proxies that are running at the edge of the mesh, rather than sidecar Envoy proxies running alongside your service workloads. Unlike other mechanisms for controlling traffic entering your systems, such as the Kubernetes Ingress APIs, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh gateways allow you to use the full power and flexibility of traffic routing. The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh gateway resource can layer 4-6 load balancing properties, such as ports, to expose and configure Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh TLS settings. Instead of adding application-layer traffic routing (L7) to the same API resource, you can bind a regular Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh virtual service to the gateway and manage gateway traffic like any other data plane traffic in a service mesh. Gateways are primarily used to manage ingress traffic, but you can also configure egress gateways. An egress gateway lets you configure a dedicated exit node for the traffic leaving the mesh. This enables you to limit which services have access to external networks, which adds security control to your service mesh. You can also use a gateway to configure a purely internal proxy. Gateway example A gateway resource describes a load balancer operating at the edge of the mesh receiving incoming or outgoing HTTP/TCP connections. The specification describes a set of ports that should be exposed, the type of protocol to use, SNI configuration for the load balancer, and so on. The following example shows a sample gateway configuration for external HTTPS ingress traffic: apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: ext-host-gwy spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS hosts: - ext-host.example.com tls: mode: SIMPLE serverCertificate: /tmp/tls.crt privateKey: /tmp/tls.key This gateway configuration lets HTTPS traffic from ext-host.example.com into the mesh on port 443, but doesn't specify any routing for the traffic. To specify routing and for the gateway to work as intended, you must also bind the gateway to a virtual service. You do this using the virtual service's gateways field, as shown in the following example: apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: virtual-svc spec: hosts: - ext-host.example.com gateways: - ext-host-gwy You can then configure the virtual service with routing rules for the external traffic. 1.14.1.1. Managing ingress traffic In Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, the Ingress Gateway enables features such as monitoring, security, and route rules to apply to traffic that enters the cluster. Use a Service Mesh gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh. 1.14.1.1.1. Determining the ingress IP and ports Ingress configuration differs depending on if your environment supports an external load balancer. An external load balancer is set in the ingress IP and ports for the cluster. To determine if your cluster's IP and ports are configured for external load balancers, run the following command. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system That command returns the NAME , TYPE , CLUSTER-IP , EXTERNAL-IP , PORT(S) , and AGE of each item in your namespace. If the EXTERNAL-IP value is set, your environment has an external load balancer that you can use for the ingress gateway. If the EXTERNAL-IP value is <none> , or perpetually <pending> , your environment does not provide an external load balancer for the ingress gateway. You can access the gateway using the service's node port . 1.14.1.1.1.1. Determining ingress ports with a load balancer Follow these instructions if your environment has an external load balancer. Procedure Run the following command to set the ingress IP and ports. This command sets a variable in your terminal. USD export INGRESS_HOST=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}') Run the following command to set the ingress port. USD export INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].port}') Run the following command to set the secure ingress port. USD export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].port}') Run the following command to set the TCP ingress port. USD export TCP_INGRESS_PORT=USD(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="tcp")].port}') Note In some environments, the load balancer may be exposed using a hostname instead of an IP address. For that case, the ingress gateway's EXTERNAL-IP value is not an IP address. Instead, it's a hostname, and the command fails to set the INGRESS_HOST environment variable. In that case, use the following command to correct the INGRESS_HOST value: USD export INGRESS_HOST=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}') 1.14.1.1.1.2. Determining ingress ports without a load balancer If your environment does not have an external load balancer, determine the ingress ports and use a node port instead. Procedure Set the ingress ports. USD export INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].nodePort}') Run the following command to set the secure ingress port. USD export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].nodePort}') Run the following command to set the TCP ingress port. USD export TCP_INGRESS_PORT=USD(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="tcp")].nodePort}') 1.14.1.2. Configuring an ingress gateway An ingress gateway is a load balancer operating at the edge of the mesh that receives incoming HTTP/TCP connections. It configures exposed ports and protocols but does not include any traffic routing configuration. Traffic routing for ingress traffic is instead configured with routing rules, the same way as for internal service requests. The following steps show how to create a gateway and configure a VirtualService to expose a service in the Bookinfo sample application to outside traffic for paths /productpage and /login . Procedure Create a gateway to accept traffic. Create a YAML file, and copy the following YAML into it. Gateway example gateway.yaml apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: bookinfo-gateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - "*" Apply the YAML file. USD oc apply -f gateway.yaml Create a VirtualService object to rewrite the host header. Create a YAML file, and copy the following YAML into it. Virtual service example apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: bookinfo spec: hosts: - "*" gateways: - bookinfo-gateway http: - match: - uri: exact: /productpage - uri: prefix: /static - uri: exact: /login - uri: exact: /logout - uri: prefix: /api/v1/products route: - destination: host: productpage port: number: 9080 Apply the YAML file. USD oc apply -f vs.yaml Test that the gateway and VirtualService have been set correctly. Set the Gateway URL. export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}') Set the port number. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. export TARGET_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.port.targetPort}') Test a page that has been explicitly exposed. curl -s -I "USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage" The expected result is 200 . 1.14.2. Understanding automatic routes OpenShift routes for gateways are automatically managed in Service Mesh. Every time an Istio Gateway is created, updated or deleted inside the service mesh, an OpenShift route is created, updated or deleted. 1.14.2.1. Routes with subdomains Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh creates the route with the subdomain, but OpenShift Container Platform must be configured to enable it. Subdomains, for example *.domain.com , are supported, but not by default. Configure an OpenShift Container Platform wildcard policy before configuring a wildcard host gateway. For more information, see Using wildcard routes . 1.14.2.2. Creating subdomain routes The following example creates a gateway in the Bookinfo sample application, which creates subdomain routes. apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: gateway1 spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - www.bookinfo.com - bookinfo.example.com The Gateway resource creates the following OpenShift routes. You can check that the routes are created by using the following command. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. USD oc -n istio-system get routes Expected output NAME HOST/PORT PATH SERVICES PORT TERMINATION WILDCARD gateway1-lvlfn bookinfo.example.com istio-ingressgateway <all> None gateway1-scqhv www.bookinfo.com istio-ingressgateway <all> None If you delete the gateway, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh deletes the routes. However, routes you have manually created are never modified by Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. 1.14.2.3. Route labels and annotations Sometimes specific labels or annotations are needed in an OpenShift route. For example, some advanced features in OpenShift routes are managed using special annotations. See "Route-specific annotations" in the following "Additional resources" section. For this and other use cases, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will copy all labels and annotations present in the Istio gateway resource (with the exception of annotations starting with kubectl.kubernetes.io ) into the managed OpenShift route resource. If you need specific labels or annotations in the OpenShift routes created by Service Mesh, create them in the Istio gateway resource and they will be copied into the OpenShift route resources managed by the Service Mesh. 1.14.2.4. Disabling automatic route creation By default, the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource automatically synchronizes the Istio gateway resources with OpenShift routes. Disabling the automatic route creation allows you more flexibility to control routes if you have a special case or prefer to control routes manually. 1.14.2.4.1. Disabling automatic route creation for specific cases If you want to disable the automatic management of OpenShift routes for a specific Istio gateway, you must add the annotation maistra.io/manageRoute: false to the gateway metadata definition. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will ignore Istio gateways with this annotation, while keeping the automatic management of the other Istio gateways. 1.14.2.4.2. Disabling automatic route creation for all cases You can disable the automatic management of OpenShift routes for all gateways in your mesh. Disable integration between Istio gateways and OpenShift routes by setting the ServiceMeshControlPlane field gateways.openshiftRoute.enabled to false . For example, see the following resource snippet. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1alpha1 kind: metadata: namespace: istio-system spec: gateways: openshiftRoute: enabled: false 1.14.3. Understanding service entries A service entry adds an entry to the service registry that Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh maintains internally. After you add the service entry, the Envoy proxies send traffic to the service as if it is a service in your mesh. Service entries allow you to do the following: Manage traffic for services that run outside of the service mesh. Redirect and forward traffic for external destinations (such as, APIs consumed from the web) or traffic to services in legacy infrastructure. Define retry, timeout, and fault injection policies for external destinations. Run a mesh service in a Virtual Machine (VM) by adding VMs to your mesh. Note Add services from a different cluster to the mesh to configure a multicluster Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh mesh on Kubernetes. Service entry examples The following example is a mesh-external service entry that adds the ext-resource external dependency to the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh service registry: apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: svc-entry spec: hosts: - ext-svc.example.com ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS Specify the external resource using the hosts field. You can qualify it fully or use a wildcard prefixed domain name. You can configure virtual services and destination rules to control traffic to a service entry in the same way you configure traffic for any other service in the mesh. For example, the following destination rule configures the traffic route to use mutual TLS to secure the connection to the ext-svc.example.com external service that is configured using the service entry: apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: ext-res-dr spec: host: ext-svc.example.com trafficPolicy: tls: mode: MUTUAL clientCertificate: /etc/certs/myclientcert.pem privateKey: /etc/certs/client_private_key.pem caCertificates: /etc/certs/rootcacerts.pem 1.14.4. Using VirtualServices You can route requests dynamically to multiple versions of a microservice through Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh with a virtual service. With virtual services, you can: Address multiple application services through a single virtual service. If your mesh uses Kubernetes, for example, you can configure a virtual service to handle all services in a specific namespace. A virtual service enables you to turn a monolithic application into a service consisting of distinct microservices with a seamless consumer experience. Configure traffic rules in combination with gateways to control ingress and egress traffic. 1.14.4.1. Configuring VirtualServices Requests are routed to services within a service mesh with virtual services. Each virtual service consists of a set of routing rules that are evaluated in order. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh matches each given request to the virtual service to a specific real destination within the mesh. Without virtual services, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh distributes traffic using round-robin load balancing between all service instances. With a virtual service, you can specify traffic behavior for one or more hostnames. Routing rules in the virtual service tell Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh how to send the traffic for the virtual service to appropriate destinations. Route destinations can be versions of the same service or entirely different services. Procedure Create a YAML file using the following example to route requests to different versions of the Bookinfo sample application service depending on which user connects to the application. Example VirtualService.yaml apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: reviews spec: hosts: - reviews http: - match: - headers: end-user: exact: jason route: - destination: host: reviews subset: v2 - route: - destination: host: reviews subset: v3 Run the following command to apply VirtualService.yaml , where VirtualService.yaml is the path to the file. USD oc apply -f <VirtualService.yaml> 1.14.4.2. VirtualService configuration reference Parameter Description The hosts field lists the virtual service's destination address to which the routing rules apply. This is the address(es) that are used to send requests to the service. The virtual service hostname can be an IP address, a DNS name, or a short name that resolves to a fully qualified domain name. The http section contains the virtual service's routing rules which describe match conditions and actions for routing HTTP/1.1, HTTP2, and gRPC traffic sent to the destination as specified in the hosts field. A routing rule consists of the destination where you want the traffic to go and any specified match conditions. The first routing rule in the example has a condition that begins with the match field. In this example, this routing applies to all requests from the user jason . Add the headers , end-user , and exact fields to select the appropriate requests. The destination field in the route section specifies the actual destination for traffic that matches this condition. Unlike the virtual service's host, the destination's host must be a real destination that exists in the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh service registry. This can be a mesh service with proxies or a non-mesh service added using a service entry. In this example, the hostname is a Kubernetes service name: 1.14.5. Understanding destination rules Destination rules are applied after virtual service routing rules are evaluated, so they apply to the traffic's real destination. Virtual services route traffic to a destination. Destination rules configure what happens to traffic at that destination. By default, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a round-robin load balancing policy, where each service instance in the pool gets a request in turn. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh also supports the following models, which you can specify in destination rules for requests to a particular service or service subset. Random: Requests are forwarded at random to instances in the pool. Weighted: Requests are forwarded to instances in the pool according to a specific percentage. Least requests: Requests are forwarded to instances with the least number of requests. Destination rule example The following example destination rule configures three different subsets for the my-svc destination service, with different load balancing policies: apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: my-destination-rule spec: host: my-svc trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: RANDOM subsets: - name: v1 labels: version: v1 - name: v2 labels: version: v2 trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN - name: v3 labels: version: v3 1.14.6. Understanding network policies Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh automatically creates and manages a number of NetworkPolicies resources in the Service Mesh control plane and application namespaces. This is to ensure that applications and the control plane can communicate with each other. For example, if you have configured your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to use the SDN plug-in, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh creates a NetworkPolicy resource in each member project. This enables ingress to all pods in the mesh from the other mesh members and the control plane. This also restricts ingress to only member projects. If you require ingress from non-member projects, you need to create a NetworkPolicy to allow that traffic through. If you remove a namespace from Service Mesh, this NetworkPolicy resource is deleted from the project. 1.14.6.1. Disabling automatic NetworkPolicy creation If you want to disable the automatic creation and management of NetworkPolicy resources, for example to enforce company security policies, or to allow direct access to pods in the mesh, you can do so. You can edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane and set spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy to false . Note When you disable spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh will not create any NetworkPolicy objects. The system administrator is responsible for managing the network and fixing any issues this might cause. Prerequisites Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator version 2.1.1 or higher installed. ServiceMeshControlPlane resource updated to version 2.1 or higher. Procedure In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators Installed Operators . Select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system , from the Project menu. Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. In the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane column, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane , for example basic-install . On the Create ServiceMeshControlPlane Details page, click YAML to modify your configuration. Set the ServiceMeshControlPlane field spec.security.manageNetworkPolicy to false , as shown in this example. apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: manageNetworkPolicy: false Click Save . 1.14.7. Configuring sidecars for traffic management By default, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh configures every Envoy proxy to accept traffic on all the ports of its associated workload, and to reach every workload in the mesh when forwarding traffic. You can use a sidecar configuration to do the following: Fine-tune the set of ports and protocols that an Envoy proxy accepts. Limit the set of services that the Envoy proxy can reach. Note To optimize performance of your service mesh, consider limiting Envoy proxy configurations. In the Bookinfo sample application, configure a Sidecar so all services can reach other services running in the same namespace and control plane. This Sidecar configuration is required for using Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh policy and telemetry features. Procedure Create a YAML file using the following example to specify that you want a sidecar configuration to apply to all workloads in a particular namespace. Otherwise, choose specific workloads using a workloadSelector . Example sidecar.yaml apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Sidecar metadata: name: default namespace: bookinfo spec: egress: - hosts: - "./*" - "istio-system/*" Run the following command to apply sidecar.yaml , where sidecar.yaml is the path to the file. USD oc apply -f sidecar.yaml Run the following command to verify that the sidecar was created successfully. USD oc get sidecar 1.14.8. Routing Tutorial This guide references the Bookinfo sample application to provide examples of routing in an example application. Install the Bookinfo application to learn how these routing examples work. 1.14.8.1. Bookinfo routing tutorial The Service Mesh Bookinfo sample application consists of four separate microservices, each with multiple versions. After installing the Bookinfo sample application, three different versions of the reviews microservice run concurrently. When you access the Bookinfo app /product page in a browser and refresh several times, sometimes the book review output contains star ratings and other times it does not. Without an explicit default service version to route to, Service Mesh routes requests to all available versions one after the other. This tutorial helps you apply rules that route all traffic to v1 (version 1) of the microservices. Later, you can apply a rule to route traffic based on the value of an HTTP request header. Prerequisites: Deploy the Bookinfo sample application to work with the following examples. 1.14.8.2. Applying a virtual service In the following procedure, the virtual service routes all traffic to v1 of each micro-service by applying virtual services that set the default version for the micro-services. Procedure Apply the virtual services. USD oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-all-v1.yaml To verify that you applied the virtual services, display the defined routes with the following command: USD oc get virtualservices -o yaml That command returns a resource of kind: VirtualService in YAML format. You have configured Service Mesh to route to the v1 version of the Bookinfo microservices including the reviews service version 1. 1.14.8.3. Testing the new route configuration Test the new configuration by refreshing the /productpage of the Bookinfo application. Procedure Set the value for the GATEWAY_URL parameter. You can use this variable to find the URL for your Bookinfo product page later. In this example, istio-system is the name of the control plane project. export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}') Run the following command to retrieve the URL for the product page. echo "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage" Open the Bookinfo site in your browser. The reviews part of the page displays with no rating stars, no matter how many times you refresh. This is because you configured Service Mesh to route all traffic for the reviews service to the version reviews:v1 and this version of the service does not access the star ratings service. Your service mesh now routes traffic to one version of a service. 1.14.8.4. Route based on user identity Change the route configuration so that all traffic from a specific user is routed to a specific service version. In this case, all traffic from a user named jason will be routed to the service reviews:v2 . Service Mesh does not have any special, built-in understanding of user identity. This example is enabled by the fact that the productpage service adds a custom end-user header to all outbound HTTP requests to the reviews service. Procedure Run the following command to enable user-based routing in the Bookinfo sample application. USD oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-reviews-test-v2.yaml Run the following command to confirm the rule is created. This command returns all resources of kind: VirtualService in YAML format. USD oc get virtualservice reviews -o yaml On the /productpage of the Bookinfo app, log in as user jason with no password. Refresh the browser. The star ratings appear to each review. Log in as another user (pick any name you want). Refresh the browser. Now the stars are gone. Traffic is now routed to reviews:v1 for all users except Jason. You have successfully configured the Bookinfo sample application to route traffic based on user identity. 1.15. Metrics, logs, and traces Once you have added your application to the mesh, you can observe the data flow through your application. If you do not have your own application installed, you can see how observability works in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh by installing the Bookinfo sample application . 1.15.1. Discovering console addresses Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh provides the following consoles to view your service mesh data: Kiali console - Kiali is the management console for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Jaeger console - Jaeger is the management console for Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing. Grafana console - Grafana provides mesh administrators with advanced query and metrics analysis and dashboards for Istio data. Optionally, Grafana can be used to analyze service mesh metrics. Prometheus console - Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses Prometheus to store telemetry information from services. When you install the Service Mesh control plane, it automatically generates routes for each of the installed components. Once you have the route address, you can access the Kiali, Jaeger, Prometheus, or Grafana console to view and manage your service mesh data. Prerequisite The component must be enabled and installed. For example, if you did not install distributed tracing, you will not be able to access the Jaeger console. Procedure from OpenShift console Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Navigate to Networking Routes . On the Routes page, select the Service Mesh control plane project, for example istio-system , from the Namespace menu. The Location column displays the linked address for each route. If necessary, use the filter to find the component console whose route you want to access. Click the route Location to launch the console. Click Log In With OpenShift . Procedure from the CLI Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Switch to the Service Mesh control plane project. In this example, istio-system is the Service Mesh control plane project. Run the following command: USD oc project istio-system To get the routes for the various Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh consoles, run the folowing command: USD oc get routes This command returns the URLs for the Kiali, Jaeger, Prometheus, and Grafana web consoles, and any other routes in your service mesh. You should see output similar to the following: NAME HOST/PORT SERVICES PORT TERMINATION bookinfo-gateway bookinfo-gateway-yourcompany.com istio-ingressgateway http2 grafana grafana-yourcompany.com grafana <all> reencrypt/Redirect istio-ingressgateway istio-ingress-yourcompany.com istio-ingressgateway 8080 jaeger jaeger-yourcompany.com jaeger-query <all> reencrypt kiali kiali-yourcompany.com kiali 20001 reencrypt/Redirect prometheus prometheus-yourcompany.com prometheus <all> reencrypt/Redirect Copy the URL for the console you want to access from the HOST/PORT column into a browser to open the console. Click Log In With OpenShift . 1.15.2. Accessing the Kiali console You can view your application's topology, health, and metrics in the Kiali console. If your service is experiencing problems, the Kiali console lets you view the data flow through your service. You can view insights about the mesh components at different levels, including abstract applications, services, and workloads. Kiali also provides an interactive graph view of your namespace in real time. To access the Kiali console you must have Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installed, Kiali installed and configured. The installation process creates a route to access the Kiali console. If you know the URL for the Kiali console, you can access it directly. If you do not know the URL, use the following directions. Procedure for administrators Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console with an administrator role. Click Home Projects . On the Projects page, if necessary, use the filter to find the name of your project. Click the name of your project, for example, bookinfo . On the Project details page, in the Launcher section, click the Kiali link. Log in to the Kiali console with the same user name and password that you use to access the OpenShift Container Platform console. When you first log in to the Kiali Console, you see the Overview page which displays all the namespaces in your service mesh that you have permission to view. If you are validating the console installation and namespaces have not yet been added to the mesh, there might not be any data to display other than istio-system . Procedure for developers Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console with a developer role. Click Project . On the Project Details page, if necessary, use the filter to find the name of your project. Click the name of your project, for example, bookinfo . On the Project page, in the Launcher section, click the Kiali link. Click Log In With OpenShift . 1.15.3. Viewing service mesh data in the Kiali console The Kiali Graph offers a powerful visualization of your mesh traffic. The topology combines real-time request traffic with your Istio configuration information to present immediate insight into the behavior of your service mesh, letting you quickly pinpoint issues. Multiple Graph Types let you visualize traffic as a high-level service topology, a low-level workload topology, or as an application-level topology. There are several graphs to choose from: The App graph shows an aggregate workload for all applications that are labeled the same. The Service graph shows a node for each service in your mesh but excludes all applications and workloads from the graph. It provides a high level view and aggregates all traffic for defined services. The Versioned App graph shows a node for each version of an application. All versions of an application are grouped together. The Workload graph shows a node for each workload in your service mesh. This graph does not require you to use the application and version labels. If your application does not use version labels, use this the graph. Graph nodes are decorated with a variety of information, pointing out various route routing options like virtual services and service entries, as well as special configuration like fault-injection and circuit breakers. It can identify mTLS issues, latency issues, error traffic and more. The Graph is highly configurable, can show traffic animation, and has powerful Find and Hide abilities. Click the Legend button to view information about the shapes, colors, arrows, and badges displayed in the graph. To view a summary of metrics, select any node or edge in the graph to display its metric details in the summary details panel. 1.15.3.1. Changing graph layouts in Kiali The layout for the Kiali graph can render differently depending on your application architecture and the data to display. For example, the number of graph nodes and their interactions can determine how the Kiali graph is rendered. Because it is not possible to create a single layout that renders nicely for every situation, Kiali offers a choice of several different layouts. Prerequisites If you do not have your own application installed, install the Bookinfo sample application. Then generate traffic for the Bookinfo application by entering the following command several times. USD curl "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage" This command simulates a user visiting the productpage microservice of the application. Procedure Launch the Kiali console. Click Log In With OpenShift . In Kiali console, click Graph to view a namespace graph. From the Namespace menu, select your application namespace, for example, bookinfo . To choose a different graph layout, do either or both of the following: Select different graph data groupings from the menu at the top of the graph. App graph Service graph Versioned App graph (default) Workload graph Select a different graph layout from the Legend at the bottom of the graph. Layout default dagre Layout 1 cose-bilkent Layout 2 cola 1.15.3.2. Viewing logs in the Kiali console You can view logs for your workloads in the Kiali console. The Workload Detail page includes a Logs tab which displays a unified logs view that displays both application and proxy logs. You can select how often you want the log display in Kiali to be refreshed. To change the logging level on the logs displayed in Kiali, you change the logging configuration for the workload or the proxy. Prerequisites Service Mesh installed and configured. Kiali installed and configured. The address for the Kiali console. Application or Bookinfo sample application added to the mesh. Procedure Launch the Kiali console. Click Log In With OpenShift . The Kiali Overview page displays namespaces that have been added to the mesh that you have permissions to view. Click Workloads . On the Workloads page, select the project from the Namespace menu. If necessary, use the filter to find the workload whose logs you want to view. Click the workload Name . For example, click ratings-v1 . On the Workload Details page, click the Logs tab to view the logs for the workload. Tip If you do not see any log entries, you may need to adjust either the Time Range or the Refresh interval. 1.15.3.3. Viewing metrics in the Kiali console You can view inbound and outbound metrics for your applications, workloads, and services in the Kiali console. The Detail pages include the following tabs: inbound Application metrics outbound Application metrics inbound Workload metrics outbound Workload metrics inbound Service metrics These tabs display predefined metrics dashboards, tailored to the relevant application, workload or service level. The application and workload detail views show request and response metrics such as volume, duration, size, or TCP traffic. The service detail view shows request and response metrics for inbound traffic only. Kiali lets you customize the charts by choosing the charted dimensions. Kiali can also present metrics reported by either source or destination proxy metrics. And for troubleshooting, Kiali can overlay trace spans on the metrics. Prerequisites Service Mesh installed and configured. Kiali installed and configured. The address for the Kiali console. (Optional) Distributed tracing installed and configured. Procedure Launch the Kiali console. Click Log In With OpenShift . The Kiali Overview page displays namespaces that have been added to the mesh that you have permissions to view. Click either Applications , Workloads , or Services . On the Applications , Workloads , or Services page, select the project from the Namespace menu. If necessary, use the filter to find the application, workload, or service whose logs you want to view. Click the Name . On the Application Detail , Workload Details , or Service Details page, click either the Inbound Metrics or Outbound Metrics tab to view the metrics. 1.15.4. Distributed tracing Distributed tracing is the process of tracking the performance of individual services in an application by tracing the path of the service calls in the application. Each time a user takes action in an application, a request is executed that might require many services to interact to produce a response. The path of this request is called a distributed transaction. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing to allow developers to view call flows in a microservice application. 1.15.4.1. Connecting an existing distributed tracing instance If you already have an existing Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform instance in OpenShift Container Platform, you can configure your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to use that instance for distributed tracing. Prerequisites Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing instance installed and configured. Procedure In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. In the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane column, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, for example basic . Add the name of your distributed tracing platform instance to the ServiceMeshControlPlane . Click the YAML tab. Add the name of your distributed tracing platform instance to spec.addons.jaeger.name in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. In the following example, distr-tracing-production is the name of the distributed tracing platform instance. Example distributed tracing configuration spec: addons: jaeger: name: distr-tracing-production Click Save . Click Reload to verify the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource was configured correctly. 1.15.4.2. Adjusting the sampling rate A trace is an execution path between services in the service mesh. A trace is comprised of one or more spans. A span is a logical unit of work that has a name, start time, and duration. The sampling rate determines how often a trace is persisted. The Envoy proxy sampling rate is set to sample 100% of traces in your service mesh by default. A high sampling rate consumes cluster resources and performance but is useful when debugging issues. Before you deploy Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh in production, set the value to a smaller proportion of traces. For example, set spec.tracing.sampling to 100 to sample 1% of traces. Configure the Envoy proxy sampling rate as a scaled integer representing 0.01% increments. In a basic installation, spec.tracing.sampling is set to 10000 , which samples 100% of traces. For example: Setting the value to 10 samples 0.1% of traces. Setting the value to 500 samples 5% of traces. Note The Envoy proxy sampling rate applies for applications that are available to a Service Mesh, and use the Envoy proxy. This sampling rate determines how much data the Envoy proxy collects and tracks. The Jaeger remote sampling rate applies to applications that are external to the Service Mesh, and do not use the Envoy proxy, such as a database. This sampling rate determines how much data the distributed tracing system collects and stores. For more information, see Distributed tracing configuration options . Procedure In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the control plane, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. In the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane column, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, for example basic . To adjust the sampling rate, set a different value for spec.tracing.sampling . Click the YAML tab. Set the value for spec.tracing.sampling in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. In the following example, set it to 100 . Jaeger sampling example spec: tracing: sampling: 100 Click Save . Click Reload to verify the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource was configured correctly. 1.15.5. Accessing the Jaeger console To access the Jaeger console you must have Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installed, Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform installed and configured. The installation process creates a route to access the Jaeger console. If you know the URL for the Jaeger console, you can access it directly. If you do not know the URL, use the following directions. Procedure from OpenShift console Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Navigate to Networking Routes . On the Routes page, select the Service Mesh control plane project, for example istio-system , from the Namespace menu. The Location column displays the linked address for each route. If necessary, use the filter to find the jaeger route. Click the route Location to launch the console. Click Log In With OpenShift . Procedure from Kiali console Launch the Kiali console. Click Distributed Tracing in the left navigation pane. Click Log In With OpenShift . Procedure from the CLI Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 To query for details of the route using the command line, enter the following command. In this example, istio-system is the Service Mesh control plane namespace. USD export JAEGER_URL=USD(oc get route -n istio-system jaeger -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}') Launch a browser and navigate to https://<JAEGER_URL> , where <JAEGER_URL> is the route that you discovered in the step. Log in using the same user name and password that you use to access the OpenShift Container Platform console. If you have added services to the service mesh and have generated traces, you can use the filters and Find Traces button to search your trace data. If you are validating the console installation, there is no trace data to display. For more information about configuring Jaeger, see the distributed tracing documentation . 1.15.6. Accessing the Grafana console Grafana is an analytics tool you can use to view, query, and analyze your service mesh metrics. In this example, istio-system is the Service Mesh control plane namespace. To access Grafana, do the following: Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click Routes . Click the link in the Location column for the Grafana row. Log in to the Grafana console with your OpenShift Container Platform credentials. 1.15.7. Accessing the Prometheus console Prometheus is a monitoring and alerting tool that you can use to collect multi-dimensional data about your microservices. In this example, istio-system is the Service Mesh control plane namespace. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click Routes . Click the link in the Location column for the Prometheus row. Log in to the Prometheus console with your OpenShift Container Platform credentials. 1.16. Performance and scalability The default ServiceMeshControlPlane settings are not intended for production use; they are designed to install successfully on a default OpenShift Container Platform installation, which is a resource-limited environment. After you have verified a successful SMCP installation, you should modify the settings defined within the SMCP to suit your environment. 1.16.1. Setting limits on compute resources By default, spec.proxy has the settings cpu: 10m and memory: 128M . If you are using Pilot, spec.runtime.components.pilot has the same default values. The settings in the following example are based on 1,000 services and 1,000 requests per second. You can change the values for cpu and memory in the ServiceMeshControlPlane . Procedure In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. In the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane column, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane , for example basic . Add the name of your standalone Jaeger instance to the ServiceMeshControlPlane . Click the YAML tab. Set the values for spec.proxy.runtime.container.resources.requests.cpu and spec.proxy.runtime.container.resources.requests.memory in your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Example version 2.2 ServiceMeshControlPlane apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 proxy: runtime: container: resources: requests: cpu: 600m memory: 50Mi limits: {} runtime: components: pilot: container: resources: requests: cpu: 1000m memory: 1.6Gi limits: {} Click Save . Click Reload to verify the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource was configured correctly. 1.16.2. Load test results The upstream Istio community load tests mesh consists of 1000 services and 2000 sidecars with 70,000 mesh-wide requests per second. Running the tests using Istio 1.12.3, generated the following results: The Envoy proxy uses 0.35 vCPU and 40 MB memory per 1000 requests per second going through the proxy. Istiod uses 1 vCPU and 1.5 GB of memory. The Envoy proxy adds 2.65 ms to the 90th percentile latency. The legacy istio-telemetry service (disabled by default in Service Mesh 2.0) uses 0.6 vCPU per 1000 mesh-wide requests per second for deployments that use Mixer. The data plane components, the Envoy proxies, handle data flowing through the system. The Service Mesh control plane component, Istiod, configures the data plane. The data plane and control plane have distinct performance concerns. 1.16.2.1. Service Mesh Control plane performance Istiod configures sidecar proxies based on user authored configuration files and the current state of the system. In a Kubernetes environment, Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) and deployments constitute the configuration and state of the system. The Istio configuration objects like gateways and virtual services, provide the user-authored configuration. To produce the configuration for the proxies, Istiod processes the combined configuration and system state from the Kubernetes environment and the user-authored configuration. The Service Mesh control plane supports thousands of services, spread across thousands of pods with a similar number of user authored virtual services and other configuration objects. Istiod's CPU and memory requirements scale with the number of configurations and possible system states. The CPU consumption scales with the following factors: The rate of deployment changes. The rate of configuration changes. The number of proxies connecting to Istiod. However this part is inherently horizontally scalable. 1.16.2.2. Data plane performance Data plane performance depends on many factors, for example: Number of client connections Target request rate Request size and response size Number of proxy worker threads Protocol CPU cores Number and types of proxy filters, specifically telemetry v2 related filters. The latency, throughput, and the proxies' CPU and memory consumption are measured as a function of these factors. 1.16.2.2.1. CPU and memory consumption Since the sidecar proxy performs additional work on the data path, it consumes CPU and memory. As of Istio 1.12.3, a proxy consumes about 0.5 vCPU per 1000 requests per second. The memory consumption of the proxy depends on the total configuration state the proxy holds. A large number of listeners, clusters, and routes can increase memory usage. Since the proxy normally doesn't buffer the data passing through, request rate doesn't affect the memory consumption. 1.16.2.2.2. Additional latency Since Istio injects a sidecar proxy on the data path, latency is an important consideration. Istio adds an authentication filter, a telemetry filter, and a metadata exchange filter to the proxy. Every additional filter adds to the path length inside the proxy and affects latency. The Envoy proxy collects raw telemetry data after a response is sent to the client. The time spent collecting raw telemetry for a request does not contribute to the total time taken to complete that request. However, since the worker is busy handling the request, the worker won't start handling the request immediately. This process adds to the queue wait time of the request and affects average and tail latencies. The actual tail latency depends on the traffic pattern. Inside the mesh, a request traverses the client-side proxy and then the server-side proxy. In the default configuration of Istio 1.12.3 (that is, Istio with telemetry v2), the two proxies add about 1.7 ms and 2.7 ms to the 90th and 99th percentile latency, respectively, over the baseline data plane latency. 1.17. Configuring Service Mesh for production When you are ready to move from a basic installation to production, you must configure your control plane, tracing, and security certificates to meet production requirements. Prerequisites Install and configure Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Test your configuration in a staging environment. 1.17.1. Configuring your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource for production If you have installed a basic ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to test Service Mesh, you must configure it to production specification before you use Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh in production. You cannot change the metadata.name field of an existing ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. For production deployments, you must customize the default template. Procedure Configure the distributed tracing platform for production. Edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to use the production deployment strategy, by setting spec.addons.jaeger.install.storage.type to Elasticsearch and specify additional configuration options under install . You can create and configure your Jaeger instance and set spec.addons.jaeger.name to the name of the Jaeger instance. Default Jaeger parameters including Elasticsearch apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaeger install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true runtime: components: tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: # only supports resources and image name container: resources: {} Configure the sampling rate for production. For more information, see the Performance and scalability section. Ensure your security certificates are production ready by installing security certificates from an external certificate authority. For more information, see the Security section. Verify the results. Enter the following command to verify that the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource updated properly. In this example, basic is the name of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. USD oc get smcp basic -o yaml 1.17.2. Additional resources For more information about tuning Service Mesh for performance, see Performance and scalability . 1.18. Connecting service meshes Federation is a deployment model that lets you share services and workloads between separate meshes managed in distinct administrative domains. 1.18.1. Federation overview Federation is a set of features that let you connect services between separate meshes, allowing the use of Service Mesh features such as authentication, authorization, and traffic management across multiple, distinct administrative domains. Implementing a federated mesh lets you run, manage, and observe a single service mesh running across multiple OpenShift clusters. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federation takes an opinionated approach to a multi-cluster implementation of Service Mesh that assumes minimal trust between meshes. Service Mesh federation assumes that each mesh is managed individually and retains its own administrator. The default behavior is that no communication is permitted and no information is shared between meshes. The sharing of information between meshes is on an explicit opt-in basis. Nothing is shared in a federated mesh unless it has been configured for sharing. Support functions such as certificate generation, metrics and trace collection remain local in their respective meshes. You configure the ServiceMeshControlPlane on each service mesh to create ingress and egress gateways specifically for the federation, and to specify the trust domain for the mesh. Federation also involves the creation of additional federation files. The following resources are used to configure the federation between two or more meshes. A ServiceMeshPeer resource declares the federation between a pair of service meshes. An ExportedServiceSet resource declares that one or more services from the mesh are available for use by a peer mesh. An ImportedServiceSet resource declares which services exported by a peer mesh will be imported into the mesh. 1.18.2. Federation features Features of the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federated approach to joining meshes include the following: Supports common root certificates for each mesh. Supports different root certificates for each mesh. Mesh administrators must manually configure certificate chains, service discovery endpoints, trust domains, etc for meshes outside of the Federated mesh. Only export/import the services that you want to share between meshes. Defaults to not sharing information about deployed workloads with other meshes in the federation. A service can be exported to make it visible to other meshes and allow requests from workloads outside of its own mesh. A service that has been exported can be imported to another mesh, enabling workloads on that mesh to send requests to the imported service. Encrypts communication between meshes at all times. Supports configuring load balancing across workloads deployed locally and workloads that are deployed in another mesh in the federation. When a mesh is joined to another mesh it can do the following: Provide trust details about itself to the federated mesh. Discover trust details about the federated mesh. Provide information to the federated mesh about its own exported services. Discover information about services exported by the federated mesh. 1.18.3. Federation security Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federation takes an opinionated approach to a multi-cluster implementation of Service Mesh that assumes minimal trust between meshes. Data security is built in as part of the federation features. Each mesh is considered to be a unique tenant, with a unique administration. You create a unique trust domain for each mesh in the federation. Traffic between the federated meshes is automatically encrypted using mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS). The Kiali graph only displays your mesh and services that you have imported. You cannot see the other mesh or services that have not been imported into your mesh. 1.18.4. Federation limitations The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federated approach to joining meshes has the following limitations: Federation of meshes is not supported on OpenShift Dedicated. Federation of meshes is not supported on Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift (ARO). 1.18.5. Federation prerequisites The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federated approach to joining meshes has the following prerequisites: Two or more OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 or above clusters. Federation was introduced in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1. You must have the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 Operator installed on each mesh that you want to federate. You must have a version 2.1 ServiceMeshControlPlane deployed on each mesh that you want to federate. You must configure the load balancers supporting the services associated with the federation gateways to support raw TLS traffic. Federation traffic consists of HTTPS for discovery and raw encrypted TCP for service traffic. Services that you want to expose to another mesh should be deployed before you can export and import them. However, this is not a strict requirement. You can specify service names that do not yet exist for export/import. When you deploy the services named in the ExportedServiceSet and ImportedServiceSet they will be automatically made available for export/import. 1.18.6. Planning your mesh federation Before you start configuring your mesh federation, you should take some time to plan your implementation. How many meshes do you plan to join in a federation? You probably want to start with a limited number of meshes, perhaps two or three. What naming convention do you plan to use for each mesh? Having a pre-defined naming convention will help with configuration and troubleshooting. The examples in this documentation use different colors for each mesh. You should decide on a naming convention that will help you determine who owns and manages each mesh, as well as the following federation resources: Cluster names Cluster network names Mesh names and namespaces Federation ingress gateways Federation egress gateways Security trust domains Note Each mesh in the federation must have its own unique trust domain. Which services from each mesh do you plan to export to the federated mesh? Each service can be exported individually, or you can specify labels or use wildcards. Do you want to use aliases for the service namespaces? Do you want to use aliases for the exported services? Which exported services does each mesh plan to import? Each mesh only imports the services that it needs. Do you want to use aliases for the imported services? 1.18.7. Mesh federation across clusters To connect one instance of the OpenShift Service Mesh with one running in a different cluster, the procedure is not much different as when connecting two meshes deployed in the same cluster. However, the ingress gateway of one mesh must be reachable from the other mesh. One way of ensuring this is to configure the gateway service as a LoadBalancer service if the cluster supports this type of service. The service must be exposed through a load balancer that operates at Layer4 of the OSI model. 1.18.7.1. Exposing the federation ingress on clusters running on bare metal If the cluster runs on bare metal and fully supports LoadBalancer services, the IP address found in the .status.loadBalancer.ingress.ip field of the ingress gateway Service object should be specified as one of the entries in the .spec.remote.addresses field of the ServiceMeshPeer object. If the cluster does not support LoadBalancer services, using a NodePort service could be an option if the nodes are accessible from the cluster running the other mesh. In the ServiceMeshPeer object, specify the IP addresses of the nodes in the .spec.remote.addresses field and the service's node ports in the .spec.remote.discoveryPort and .spec.remote.servicePort fields. 1.18.7.2. Exposing the federation ingress on clusters running on IBM Power and IBM Z If the cluster runs on IBM Power or IBM Z infrastructure and fully supports LoadBalancer services, the IP address found in the .status.loadBalancer.ingress.ip field of the ingress gateway Service object should be specified as one of the entries in the .spec.remote.addresses field of the ServiceMeshPeer object. If the cluster does not support LoadBalancer services, using a NodePort service could be an option if the nodes are accessible from the cluster running the other mesh. In the ServiceMeshPeer object, specify the IP addresses of the nodes in the .spec.remote.addresses field and the service's node ports in the .spec.remote.discoveryPort and .spec.remote.servicePort fields. 1.18.7.3. Exposing the federation ingress on Amazon Web Services (AWS) By default, LoadBalancer services in clusters running on AWS do not support L4 load balancing. In order for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh federation to operate correctly, the following annotation must be added to the ingress gateway service: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: nlb The Fully Qualified Domain Name found in the .status.loadBalancer.ingress.hostname field of the ingress gateway Service object should be specified as one of the entries in the .spec.remote.addresses field of the ServiceMeshPeer object. 1.18.7.4. Exposing the federation ingress on Azure On Microsoft Azure, merely setting the service type to LoadBalancer suffices for mesh federation to operate correctly. The IP address found in the .status.loadBalancer.ingress.ip field of the ingress gateway Service object should be specified as one of the entries in the .spec.remote.addresses field of the ServiceMeshPeer object. 1.18.7.5. Exposing the federation ingress on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) On Google Cloud Platform, merely setting the service type to LoadBalancer suffices for mesh federation to operate correctly. The IP address found in the .status.loadBalancer.ingress.ip field of the ingress gateway Service object should be specified as one of the entries in the .spec.remote.addresses field of the ServiceMeshPeer object. 1.18.8. Federation implementation checklist Federating services meshes involves the following activities: ❏ Configure networking between the clusters that you are going to federate. ❏ Configure the load balancers supporting the services associated with the federation gateways to support raw TLS traffic. ❏ Installing the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.1 or later Operator in each of your clusters. ❏ Deploying a version 2.1 or later ServiceMeshControlPlane to each of your clusters. ❏ Configuring the SMCP for federation for each mesh that you want to federate: ❏ Create a federation egress gateway for each mesh you are going to federate with. ❏ Create a federation ingress gateway for each mesh you are going to federate with. ❏ Configure a unique trust domain. ❏ Federate two or more meshes by creating a ServiceMeshPeer resource for each mesh pair. ❏ Export services by creating an ExportedServiceSet resource to make services available from one mesh to a peer mesh. ❏ Import services by creating an ImportedServiceSet resource to import services shared by a mesh peer. 1.18.9. Configuring a Service Mesh control plane for federation Before a mesh can be federated, you must configure the ServiceMeshControlPlane for mesh federation. Because all meshes that are members of the federation are equal, and each mesh is managed independently, you must configure the SMCP for each mesh that will participate in the federation. In the following example, the administrator for the red-mesh is configuring the SMCP for federation with both the green-mesh and the blue-mesh . Sample SMCP for red-mesh apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: version: v2.2 runtime: defaults: container: imagePullPolicy: Always gateways: additionalEgress: egress-green-mesh: enabled: true requestedNetworkView: - green-network routerMode: sni-dnat service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/egress-for: egress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: http-discovery #note HTTP here egress-blue-mesh: enabled: true requestedNetworkView: - blue-network routerMode: sni-dnat service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/egress-for: egress-blue-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: http-discovery #note HTTP here additionalIngress: ingress-green-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: LoadBalancer metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: https-discovery #note HTTPS here ingress-blue-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: LoadBalancer metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-blue-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: https-discovery #note HTTPS here security: trust: domain: red-mesh.local Table 1.7. ServiceMeshControlPlane federation configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Name of the cluster. You are not required to specify a cluster name, but it is helpful for troubleshooting. String N/A Name of the cluster network. You are not required to specify a name for the network, but it is helpful for configuration and troubleshooting. String N/A 1.18.9.1. Understanding federation gateways You use a gateway to manage inbound and outbound traffic for your mesh, letting you specify which traffic you want to enter or leave the mesh. You use ingress and egress gateways to manage traffic entering and leaving the service mesh (North-South traffic). When you create a federated mesh, you create additional ingress/egress gateways, to facilitate service discovery between federated meshes, communication between federated meshes, and to manage traffic flow between service meshes (East-West traffic). To avoid naming conflicts between meshes, you must create separate egress and ingress gateways for each mesh. For example, red-mesh would have separate egress gateways for traffic going to green-mesh and blue-mesh . Table 1.8. Federation gateway parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Define an additional egress gateway for each mesh peer in the federation. This parameter enables or disables the federation egress. true / false true Networks associated with exported services. Set to the value of spec.cluster.network in the SMCP for the mesh, otherwise use <ServiceMeshPeer-name>-network. For example, if the ServiceMeshPeer resource for that mesh is named west , then the network would be named west-network . The router mode to be used by the gateway. sni-dnat Specify a unique label for the gateway to prevent federated traffic from flowing through the cluster's default system gateways. Used to specify the port: and name: used for TLS and service discovery. Federation traffic consists of raw encrypted TCP for service traffic. Port 15443 is required for sending TLS service requests to other meshes in the federation. Port 8188 is required for sending service discovery requests to other meshes in the federation. Define an additional ingress gateway gateway for each mesh peer in the federation. This parameter enables or disables the federation ingress. true / false true The router mode to be used by the gateway. sni-dnat The ingress gateway service must be exposed through a load balancer that operates at Layer 4 of the OSI model and is publicly available. LoadBalancer If the cluster does not support LoadBalancer services, the ingress gateway service can be exposed through a NodePort service. NodePort Specify a unique label for the gateway to prevent federated traffic from flowing through the cluster's default system gateways. Used to specify the port: and name: used for TLS and service discovery. Federation traffic consists of raw encrypted TCP for service traffic. Federation traffic consists of HTTPS for discovery. Port 15443 is required for receiving TLS service requests to other meshes in the federation. Port 8188 is required for receiving service discovery requests to other meshes in the federation. Used to specify the nodePort: if the cluster does not support LoadBalancer services. If specified, is required in addition to port: and name: for both TLS and service discovery. nodePort: must be in the range 30000 - 32767 . In the following example, the administrator is configuring the SMCP for federation with the green-mesh using a NodePort service. Sample SMCP for NodePort gateways: additionalIngress: ingress-green-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: NodePort metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 nodePort: 30510 name: tls - port: 8188 nodePort: 32359 name: https-discovery 1.18.9.2. Understanding federation trust domain parameters Each mesh in the federation must have its own unique trust domain. This value is used when configuring mesh federation in the ServiceMeshPeer resource. kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: security: trust: domain: red-mesh.local Table 1.9. Federation security parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Used to specify a unique name for the trust domain for the mesh. Domains must be unique for every mesh in the federation. <mesh-name>.local N/A Procedure from the Console Follow this procedure to edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane with the OpenShift Container Platform web console. This example uses the red-mesh as an example. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with the cluster-admin role. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane. For example, red-mesh-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. On the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane tab, click the name of your ServiceMeshControlPlane , for example red-mesh . On the Create ServiceMeshControlPlane Details page, click YAML to modify your configuration. Modify your ServiceMeshControlPlane to add federation ingress and egress gateways and to specify the trust domain. Click Save . Procedure from the CLI Follow this procedure to create or edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane with the command line. This example uses the red-mesh as an example. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example red-mesh-system. USD oc project red-mesh-system Edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane file to add federation ingress and egress gateways and to specify the trust domain. Run the following command to edit the Service Mesh control plane where red-mesh-system is the system namespace and red-mesh is the name of the ServiceMeshControlPlane object: USD oc edit -n red-mesh-system smcp red-mesh Enter the following command, where red-mesh-system is the system namespace, to see the status of the Service Mesh control plane installation. USD oc get smcp -n red-mesh-system The installation has finished successfully when the READY column indicates that all components are ready. 1.18.10. Joining a federated mesh You declare the federation between two meshes by creating a ServiceMeshPeer resource. The ServiceMeshPeer resource defines the federation between two meshes, and you use it to configure discovery for the peer mesh, access to the peer mesh, and certificates used to validate the other mesh's clients. Meshes are federated on a one-to-one basis, so each pair of peers requires a pair of ServiceMeshPeer resources specifying the federation connection to the other service mesh. For example, federating two meshes named red and green would require two ServiceMeshPeer files. On red-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the green mesh. On green-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the red mesh. Federating three meshes named red , blue , and green would require six ServiceMeshPeer files. On red-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the green mesh. On red-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the blue mesh. On green-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the red mesh. On green-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the blue mesh. On blue-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the red mesh. On blue-mesh-system, create a ServiceMeshPeer for the green mesh. Configuration in the ServiceMeshPeer resource includes the following: The address of the other mesh's ingress gateway, which is used for discovery and service requests. The names of the local ingress and egress gateways that is used for interactions with the specified peer mesh. The client ID used by the other mesh when sending requests to this mesh. The trust domain used by the other mesh. The name of a ConfigMap containing a root certificate that is used to validate client certificates in the trust domain used by the other mesh. In the following example, the administrator for the red-mesh is configuring federation with the green-mesh . Example ServiceMeshPeer resource for red-mesh kind: ServiceMeshPeer apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: remote: addresses: - ingress-red-mesh.green-mesh-system.apps.domain.com gateways: ingress: name: ingress-green-mesh egress: name: egress-green-mesh security: trustDomain: green-mesh.local clientID: green-mesh.local/ns/green-mesh-system/sa/egress-red-mesh-service-account certificateChain: kind: ConfigMap name: green-mesh-ca-root-cert Table 1.10. ServiceMeshPeer configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Name of the peer mesh that this resource is configuring federation with. String System namespace for this mesh, that is, where the Service Mesh control plane is installed. String List of public addresses of the peer meshes' ingress gateways that are servicing requests from this mesh. The port on which the addresses are handling discovery requests. Defaults to 8188 The port on which the addresses are handling service requests. Defaults to 15443 Name of the ingress on this mesh that is servicing requests received from the peer mesh. For example, ingress-green-mesh . Name of the egress on this mesh that is servicing requests sent to the peer mesh. For example, egress-green-mesh . The trust domain used by the peer mesh. <peerMeshName>.local The client ID used by the peer mesh when calling into this mesh. <peerMeshTrustDomain>/ns/<peerMeshSystem>/sa/<peerMeshEgressGatewayName>-service-account The kind (for example, ConfigMap) and name of a resource containing the root certificate used to validate the client and server certificate(s) presented to this mesh by the peer mesh. The key of the config map entry containing the certificate should be root-cert.pem . kind: ConfigMap name: <peerMesh>-ca-root-cert 1.18.10.1. Creating a ServiceMeshPeer resource Prerequisites Two or more OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 or above clusters. The clusters must already be networked. The load balancers supporting the services associated with the federation gateways must be configured to support raw TLS traffic. Each cluster must have a version 2.1 ServiceMeshControlPlane configured to support federation deployed. An account with the cluster-admin role. Procedure from the CLI Follow this procedure to create a ServiceMeshPeer resource from the command line. This example shows the red-mesh creating a peer resource for the green-mesh . Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the control plane, for example, red-mesh-system . USD oc project red-mesh-system Create a ServiceMeshPeer file based the following example for the two meshes that you want to federate. Example ServiceMeshPeer resource for red-mesh to green-mesh kind: ServiceMeshPeer apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: remote: addresses: - ingress-red-mesh.green-mesh-system.apps.domain.com gateways: ingress: name: ingress-green-mesh egress: name: egress-green-mesh security: trustDomain: green-mesh.local clientID: green-mesh.local/ns/green-mesh-system/sa/egress-red-mesh-service-account certificateChain: kind: ConfigMap name: green-mesh-ca-root-cert Run the following command to deploy the resource, where red-mesh-system is the system namespace and servicemeshpeer.yaml includes a full path to the file you edited: USD oc create -n red-mesh-system -f servicemeshpeer.yaml To confirm that connection between the red mesh and green mesh is established, inspect the status of the green-mesh ServiceMeshPeer in the red-mesh-system namespace: USD oc -n red-mesh-system get servicemeshpeer green-mesh -o yaml Example ServiceMeshPeer connection between red-mesh and green-mesh status: discoveryStatus: active: - pod: istiod-red-mesh-b65457658-9wq5j remotes: - connected: true lastConnected: "2021-10-05T13:02:25Z" lastFullSync: "2021-10-05T13:02:25Z" source: 10.128.2.149 watch: connected: true lastConnected: "2021-10-05T13:02:55Z" lastDisconnectStatus: 503 Service Unavailable lastFullSync: "2021-10-05T13:05:43Z" The status.discoveryStatus.active.remotes field shows that istiod in the peer mesh (in this example, the green mesh) is connected to istiod in the current mesh (in this example, the red mesh). The status.discoveryStatus.active.watch field shows that istiod in the current mesh is connected to istiod in the peer mesh. If you check the servicemeshpeer named red-mesh in green-mesh-system , you'll find information about the same two connections from the perspective of the green mesh. When the connection between two meshes is not established, the ServiceMeshPeer status indicates this in the status.discoveryStatus.inactive field. For more information on why a connection attempt failed, inspect the Istiod log, the access log of the egress gateway handling egress traffic for the peer, and the ingress gateway handling ingress traffic for the current mesh in the peer mesh. For example, if the red mesh can't connect to the green mesh, check the following logs: istiod-red-mesh in red-mesh-system egress-green-mesh in red-mesh-system ingress-red-mesh in green-mesh-system 1.18.11. Exporting a service from a federated mesh Exporting services allows a mesh to share one or more of its services with another member of the federated mesh. You use an ExportedServiceSet resource to declare the services from one mesh that you are making available to another peer in the federated mesh. You must explicitly declare each service to be shared with a peer. You can select services by namespace or name. You can use wildcards to select services; for example, to export all the services in a namespace. You can export services using an alias. For example, you can export the foo/bar service as custom-ns/bar . You can only export services that are visible to the mesh's system namespace. For example, a service in another namespace with a networking.istio.io/exportTo label set to '.' would not be a candidate for export. For exported services, their target services will only see traffic from the ingress gateway, not the original requestor (that is, they won't see the client ID of either the other mesh's egress gateway or the workload originating the request) The following example is for services that red-mesh is exporting to green-mesh . Example ExportedServiceSet resource kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: # export ratings.mesh-x-bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: red-ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings # export any service in red-mesh-bookinfo namespace with label export-service=true - type: LabelSelector labelSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo selector: matchLabels: export-service: "true" aliases: # export all matching services as if they were in the bookinfo namespace - namespace: "*" name: "*" alias: namespace: bookinfo Table 1.11. ExportedServiceSet parameters Parameter Description Values Name of the ServiceMeshPeer you are exposing this service to. Must match the name value for the mesh in the ServiceMeshPeer resource. Name of the project/namespace containing this resource (should be the system namespace for the mesh) . Type of rule that will govern the export for this service. The first matching rule found for the service will be used for the export. NameSelector , LabelSelector To create a NameSelector rule, specify the namespace of the service and the name of the service as defined in the Service resource. To create a NameSelector rule that uses an alias for the service, after specifying the namespace and name for the service, then specify the alias for the namespace and the alias to be used for name of the service. To create a LabelSelector rule, specify the namespace of the service and specify the label defined in the Service resource. In the example above, the label is export-service . To create a LabelSelector rule that uses aliases for the services, after specifying the selector , specify the aliases to be used for name or namespace of the service. In the example above, the namespace alias is bookinfo for all matching services. Export services with the name "ratings" from all namespaces in the red-mesh to blue-mesh. kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: blue-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: "*" name: ratings Export all services from the west-data-center namespace to green-mesh kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: west-data-center name: "*" 1.18.11.1. Creating an ExportedServiceSet You create an ExportedServiceSet resource to explicitly declare the services that you want to be available to a mesh peer. Services are exported as <export-name>.<export-namespace>.svc.<ServiceMeshPeer.name>-exports.local and will automatically route to the target service. This is the name by which the exported service is known in the exporting mesh. When the ingress gateway receives a request destined for this name, it will be routed to the actual service being exported. For example, if a service named ratings.red-mesh-bookinfo is exported to green-mesh as ratings.bookinfo , the service will be exported under the name ratings.bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local , and traffic received by the ingress gateway for that hostname will be routed to the ratings.red-mesh-bookinfo service. Prerequisites The cluster and ServiceMeshControlPlane have been configured for mesh federation. An account with the cluster-admin role. Note You can configure services for export even if they don't exist yet. When a service that matches the value specified in the ExportedServiceSet is deployed, it will be automatically exported. Procedure from the CLI Follow this procedure to create an ExportedServiceSet from the command line. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane; for example, red-mesh-system . USD oc project red-mesh-system Create an ExportedServiceSet file based on the following example where red-mesh is exporting services to green-mesh . Example ExportedServiceSet resource from red-mesh to green-mesh apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 kind: ExportedServiceSet metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: red-ratings - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: reviews Run the following command to upload and create the ExportedServiceSet resource in the red-mesh-system namespace. USD oc create -n <ControlPlaneNamespace> -f <ExportedServiceSet.yaml> For example: USD oc create -n red-mesh-system -f export-to-green-mesh.yaml Create additional ExportedServiceSets as needed for each mesh peer in your federated mesh. To validate the services you've exported from red-mesh to share with green-mesh , run the following command: USD oc get exportedserviceset <PeerMeshExportedTo> -o yaml For example: USD oc get exportedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml Run the following command to validate the services the red-mesh exports to share with green-mesh: USD oc get exportedserviceset <PeerMeshExportedTo> -o yaml For example: USD oc -n red-mesh-system get exportedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml Example validating the services exported from the red mesh that are shared with the green mesh. status: exportedServices: - exportedName: red-ratings.bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: ratings.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.cluster.local name: ratings namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo - exportedName: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.cluster.local name: reviews namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo The status.exportedServices array lists the services that are currently exported (these services matched the export rules in the ExportedServiceSet object ). Each entry in the array indicates the name of the exported service and details about the local service that is exported. If a service that you expected to be exported is missing, confirm the Service object exists, its name or labels match the exportRules defined in the ExportedServiceSet object, and that the Service object's namespace is configured as a member of the service mesh using the ServiceMeshMemberRoll or ServiceMeshMember object. 1.18.12. Importing a service into a federated mesh Importing services lets you explicitly specify which services exported from another mesh should be accessible within your service mesh. You use an ImportedServiceSet resource to select services for import. Only services exported by a mesh peer and explicitly imported are available to the mesh. Services that you do not explicitly import are not made available within the mesh. You can select services by namespace or name. You can use wildcards to select services, for example, to import all the services that were exported to the namespace. You can select services for export using a label selector, which may be global to the mesh, or scoped to a specific member namespace. You can import services using an alias. For example, you can import the custom-ns/bar service as other-mesh/bar . You can specify a custom domain suffix, which will be appended to the name.namespace of an imported service for its fully qualified domain name; for example, bar.other-mesh.imported.local . The following example is for the green-mesh importing a service that was exported by red-mesh . Example ImportedServiceSet kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh #name of mesh that exported the service namespace: green-mesh-system #mesh namespace that service is being imported into spec: importRules: # first matching rule is used # import ratings.bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings alias: # service will be imported as ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local namespace: bookinfo name: ratings Table 1.12. ImportedServiceSet parameters Parameter Description Values Name of the ServiceMeshPeer that exported the service to the federated mesh. Name of the namespace containing the ServiceMeshPeer resource (the mesh system namespace). Type of rule that will govern the import for the service. The first matching rule found for the service will be used for the import. NameSelector To create a NameSelector rule, specify the namespace and the name of the exported service. Set to true to aggregate remote endpoint with local services. When true , services will be imported as <name>.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local true / false To create a NameSelector rule that uses an alias for the service, after specifying the namespace and name for the service, then specify the alias for the namespace and the alias to be used for name of the service. Import the "bookinfo/ratings" service from the red-mesh into blue-mesh kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: blue-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings Import all services from the red-mesh's west-data-center namespace into the green-mesh. These services will be accessible as <name>.west-data-center.svc.red-mesh-imports.local kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: green-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: west-data-center name: "*" 1.18.12.1. Creating an ImportedServiceSet You create an ImportedServiceSet resource to explicitly declare the services that you want to import into your mesh. Services are imported with the name <exported-name>.<exported-namespace>.svc.<ServiceMeshPeer.name>.remote which is a "hidden" service, visible only within the egress gateway namespace and is associated with the exported service's hostname. The service will be available locally as <export-name>.<export-namespace>.<domainSuffix> , where domainSuffix is svc.<ServiceMeshPeer.name>-imports.local by default, unless importAsLocal is set to true , in which case domainSuffix is svc.cluster.local . If importAsLocal is set to false , the domain suffix in the import rule will be applied. You can treat the local import just like any other service in the mesh. It automatically routes through the egress gateway, where it is redirected to the exported service's remote name. Prerequisites The cluster and ServiceMeshControlPlane have been configured for mesh federation. An account with the cluster-admin role. Note You can configure services for import even if they haven't been exported yet. When a service that matches the value specified in the ImportedServiceSet is deployed and exported, it will be automatically imported. Procedure from the CLI Follow this procedure to create an ImportedServiceSet from the command line. Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane; for example, green-mesh-system . USD oc project green-mesh-system Create an ImportedServiceSet file based on the following example where green-mesh is importing services previously exported by red-mesh . Example ImportedServiceSet resource from red-mesh to green-mesh kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: green-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: red-ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings Run the following command to upload and create the ImportedServiceSet resource in the green-mesh-system namespace. USD oc create -n <ControlPlaneNamespace> -f <ImportedServiceSet.yaml> For example: USD oc create -n green-mesh-system -f import-from-red-mesh.yaml Create additional ImportedServiceSet resources as needed for each mesh peer in your federated mesh. To validate the services you've imported into green-mesh , run the following command: USD oc get importedserviceset <PeerMeshImportedInto> -o yaml For example: USD oc get importedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml Run the following command to validate the services imported into a mesh. USD oc get importedserviceset <PeerMeshImportedInto> -o yaml Example validating that the services exported from the red mesh have been imported into the green mesh using the status section of the importedserviceset/red-mesh' object in the 'green-mesh-system namespace: USD oc -n green-mesh-system get importedserviceset/red-mesh -o yaml status: importedServices: - exportedName: red-ratings.bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local name: ratings namespace: bookinfo - exportedName: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: "" name: "" namespace: "" In the preceding example only the ratings service is imported, as indicated by the populated fields under localService . The reviews service is available for import, but isn't currently imported because it does not match any importRules in the ImportedServiceSet object. 1.18.13. Configuring a federated mesh for failover Failover is the ability to switch automatically and seamlessly to a reliable backup system, for example another server. In the case of a federated mesh, you can configure a service in one mesh to failover to a service in another mesh. You configure Federation for failover by setting the importAsLocal and locality settings in an ImportedServiceSet resource and then configuring a DestinationRule that configures failover for the service to the locality specified in the ImportedServiceSet . Prerequisites Two or more OpenShift Container Platform 4.6 or above clusters already networked and federated. ExportedServiceSet resources already created for each mesh peer in the federated mesh. ImportedServiceSet resources already created for each mesh peer in the federated mesh. An account with the cluster-admin role. 1.18.13.1. Configuring an ImportedServiceSet for failover Locality-weighted load balancing allows administrators to control the distribution of traffic to endpoints based on the localities of where the traffic originates and where it will terminate. These localities are specified using arbitrary labels that designate a hierarchy of localities in {region}/{zone}/{sub-zone} form. In the examples in this section, the green-mesh is located in the us-east region, and the red-mesh is located in the us-west region. Example ImportedServiceSet resource from red-mesh to green-mesh kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh #name of mesh that exported the service namespace: green-mesh-system #mesh namespace that service is being imported into spec: importRules: # first matching rule is used # import ratings.bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: true nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings alias: # service will be imported as ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local namespace: bookinfo name: ratings #Locality within which imported services should be associated. locality: region: us-west Table 1.13. ImportedServiceLocality fields table Name Description Type region: Region within which imported services are located. string subzone: Subzone within which imported services are located. I Subzone is specified, Zone must also be specified. string zone: Zone within which imported services are located. If Zone is specified, Region must also be specified. string Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role, enter the following command: USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, enter the following command: USD oc project <smcp-system> For example, green-mesh-system . USD oc project green-mesh-system Edit the ImportedServiceSet file, where <ImportedServiceSet.yaml> includes a full path to the file you want to edit, enter the following command: USD oc edit -n <smcp-system> -f <ImportedServiceSet.yaml> For example, if you want to modify the file that imports from the red-mesh-system to the green-mesh-system as shown in the ImportedServiceSet example. USD oc edit -n green-mesh-system -f import-from-red-mesh.yaml Modify the file: Set spec.importRules.importAsLocal to true . Set spec.locality to a region , zone , or subzone . Save your changes. 1.18.13.2. Configuring a DestinationRule for failover Create a DestinationRule resource that configures the following: Outlier detection for the service. This is required in order for failover to function properly. In particular, it configures the sidecar proxies to know when endpoints for a service are unhealthy, eventually triggering a failover to the locality. Failover policy between regions. This ensures that failover beyond a region boundary will behave predictably. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane. USD oc project <smcp-system> For example, green-mesh-system . USD oc project green-mesh-system Create a DestinationRule file based on the following example where if green-mesh is unavailable, the traffic should be routed from the green-mesh in the us-east region to the red-mesh in us-west . Example DestinationRule apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: default-failover namespace: bookinfo spec: host: "ratings.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local" trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: localityLbSetting: enabled: true failover: - from: us-east to: us-west outlierDetection: consecutive5xxErrors: 3 interval: 10s baseEjectionTime: 1m Deploy the DestinationRule , where <DestinationRule> includes the full path to your file, enter the following command: USD oc create -n <application namespace> -f <DestinationRule.yaml> For example: USD oc create -n bookinfo -f green-mesh-us-west-DestinationRule.yaml 1.18.14. Removing a service from the federated mesh If you need to remove a service from the federated mesh, for example if it has become obsolete or has been replaced by a different service, you can do so. 1.18.14.1. To remove a service from a single mesh Remove the entry for the service from the ImportedServiceSet resource for the mesh peer that no longer should access the service. 1.18.14.2. To remove a service from the entire federated mesh Remove the entry for the service from the ExportedServiceSet resource for the mesh that owns the service. 1.18.15. Removing a mesh from the federated mesh If you need to remove a mesh from the federation, you can do so. Edit the removed mesh's ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to remove all federation ingress gateways for peer meshes. For each mesh peer that the removed mesh has been federated with: Remove the ServiceMeshPeer resource that links the two meshes. Edit the peer mesh's ServiceMeshControlPlane resource to remove the egress gateway that serves the removed mesh. 1.19. Extensions You can use WebAssembly extensions to add new features directly into the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh proxies. This lets you move even more common functionality out of your applications, and implement them in a single language that compiles to WebAssembly bytecode. Note WebAssembly extensions are not supported on IBM Z and IBM Power Systems. 1.19.1. WebAssembly modules overview WebAssembly modules can be run on many platforms, including proxies, and have broad language support, fast execution, and a sandboxed-by-default security model. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extensions are Envoy HTTP Filters , giving them a wide range of capabilities: Manipulating the body and headers of requests and responses. Out-of-band HTTP requests to services not in the request path, such as authentication or policy checking. Side-channel data storage and queues for filters to communicate with each other. Note When creating new WebAssembly extensions, use the WasmPlugin API. The ServiceMeshExtension API is deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. There are two parts to writing a Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extension: You must write your extension using an SDK that exposes the proxy-wasm API and compile it to a WebAssembly module. You must then package the module into a container. Supported languages You can use any language that compiles to WebAssembly bytecode to write a Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extension, but the following languages have existing SDKs that expose the proxy-wasm API so that it can be consumed directly. Table 1.14. Supported languages Language Maintainer Repository AssemblyScript solo.io solo-io/proxy-runtime C++ proxy-wasm team (Istio Community) proxy-wasm/proxy-wasm-cpp-sdk Go tetrate.io tetratelabs/proxy-wasm-go-sdk Rust proxy-wasm team (Istio Community) proxy-wasm/proxy-wasm-rust-sdk 1.19.2. WasmPlugin container format Istio supports Open Container Initiative (OCI) images in its Wasm Plugin mechanism. You can distribute your Wasm Plugins as a container image, and you can use the spec.url field to refer to a container registry location. For example, quay.io/my-username/my-plugin:latest . Because each execution environment (runtime) for a WASM module can have runtime-specific configuration parameters, a WASM image can be composed of two layers: plugin.wasm (Required) - Content layer. This layer consists of a .wasm binary containing the bytecode of your WebAssembly module, to be loaded by the runtime. You must name this file plugin.wasm . runtime-config.json (Optional) - Configuration layer. This layer consists of a JSON-formatted string that describes metadata about the module for the target runtime. The config layer might also contain additional data, depending on the target runtime. For example, the config for a WASM Envoy Filter contains root_ids available on the filter. 1.19.3. WasmPlugin API reference The WasmPlugins API provides a mechanism to extend the functionality provided by the Istio proxy through WebAssembly filters. You can deploy multiple WasmPlugins. The phase and priority settings determine the order of execution (as part of Envoy's filter chain), allowing the configuration of complex interactions between user-supplied WasmPlugins and Istio's internal filters. In the following example, an authentication filter implements an OpenID flow and populates the Authorization header with a JSON Web Token (JWT). Istio authentication consumes this token and deployes it to the ingress gateway. The WasmPlugin file lives in the proxy sidecar filesystem. Note the field url . apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-ingress spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: file:///opt/filters/openid.wasm sha256: 1ef0c9a92b0420cf25f7fe5d481b231464bc88f486ca3b9c83ed5cc21d2f6210 phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress Below is the same example, but this time an Open Container Initiative (OCI) image is used instead of a file in the filesystem. Note the fields url , imagePullPolicy , and imagePullSecret . apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: oci://private-registry:5000/openid-connect/openid:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent imagePullSecret: private-registry-pull-secret phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress Table 1.15. WasmPlugin Field Reference Field Type Description Required spec.selector WorkloadSelector Criteria used to select the specific set of pods/VMs on which this plug-in configuration should be applied. If omitted, this configuration will be applied to all workload instances in the same namespace. If the WasmPlugin field is present in the config root namespace, it will be applied to all applicable workloads in any namespace. No spec.url string URL of a Wasm module or OCI container. If no scheme is present, defaults to oci:// , referencing an OCI image. Other valid schemes are file:// for referencing .wasm module files present locally within the proxy container, and http[s]:// for .wasm module files hosted remotely. No spec.sha256 string SHA256 checksum that will be used to verify the Wasm module or OCI container. If the url field already references a SHA256 (using the @sha256: notation), it must match the value of this field. If an OCI image is referenced by tag and this field is set, its checksum will be verified against the contents of this field after pulling. No spec.imagePullPolicy PullPolicy The pull behavior to be applied when fetching an OCI image. Only relevant when images are referenced by tag instead of SHA. Defaults to the value IfNotPresent , except when an OCI image is referenced in the url field and the latest tag is used, in which case the value Always is the default, mirroring K8s behavior. Setting is ignored if the url field is referencing a Wasm module directly using file:// or http[s]:// . No spec.imagePullSecret string Credentials to use for OCI image pulling. The name of a secret in the same namespace as the WasmPlugin object that contains a pull secret for authenticating against the registry when pulling the image. No spec.phase PluginPhase Determines where in the filter chain this WasmPlugin object is injected. No spec.priority int64 Determines the ordering of WasmPlugins objects that have the same phase value. When multiple WasmPlugins objects are applied to the same workload in the same phase, they will be applied by priority and in descending order. If the priority field is not set, or two WasmPlugins objects with the same value, the ordering will be determined from the name and namespace of the WasmPlugins objects. Defaults to the value 0 . No spec.pluginName string The plug-in name used in the Envoy configuration. Some Wasm modules might require this value to select the Wasm plug-in to execute. No spec.pluginConfig Struct The configuration that will be passed on to the plug-in. No spec.pluginConfig.verificationKey string The public key used to verify signatures of signed OCI images or Wasm modules. Must be supplied in PEM format. No The WorkloadSelector object specifies the criteria used to determine if a filter can be applied to a proxy. The matching criteria includes the metadata associated with a proxy, workload instance information such as labels attached to the pod/VM, or any other information that the proxy provides to Istio during the initial handshake. If multiple conditions are specified, all conditions need to match in order for the workload instance to be selected. Currently, only label based selection mechanism is supported. Table 1.16. WorkloadSelector Field Type Description Required matchLabels map<string, string> One or more labels that indicate a specific set of pods/VMs on which a policy should be applied. The scope of label search is restricted to the configuration namespace in which the resource is present. Yes The PullPolicy object specifies the pull behavior to be applied when fetching an OCI image. Table 1.17. PullPolicy Value Description <empty> Defaults to the value IfNotPresent , except for OCI images with tag latest, for which the default will be the value Always . IfNotPresent If an existing version of the image has been pulled before, that will be used. If no version of the image is present locally, we will pull the latest version. Always Always pull the latest version of an image when applying this plug-in. Struct represents a structured data value, consisting of fields which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, Struct might be supported by a native representation. For example, in scripting languages like JavaScript a struct is represented as an object. Table 1.18. Struct Field Type Description fields map<string, Value> Map of dynamically typed values. PluginPhase specifies the phase in the filter chain where the plug-in will be injected. Table 1.19. PluginPhase Field Description <empty> Control plane decides where to insert the plug-in. This will generally be at the end of the filter chain, right before the Router. Do not specify PluginPhase if the plug-in is independent of others. AUTHN Insert plug-in before Istio authentication filters. AUTHZ Insert plug-in before Istio authorization filters and after Istio authentication filters. STATS Insert plug-in before Istio stats filters and after Istio authorization filters. 1.19.3.1. Deploying WasmPlugin resources You can enable Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extensions using the WasmPlugin resource. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. The following example creates an openid-connect filter that performs an OpenID Connect flow to authenticate the user. Procedure Create the following example resource: Example plugin.yaml apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: oci://private-registry:5000/openid-connect/openid:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent imagePullSecret: private-registry-pull-secret phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress Apply your plugin.yaml file with the following command: USD oc apply -f plugin.yaml 1.19.4. ServiceMeshExtension container format You must have a .wasm file containing the bytecode of your WebAssembly module, and a manifest.yaml file in the root of the container filesystem to make your container image a valid extension image. Note When creating new WebAssembly extensions, use WasmPlugin. ServiceMeshExtension is deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. manifest.yaml schemaVersion: 1 name: <your-extension> description: <description> version: 1.0.0 phase: PreAuthZ priority: 100 module: extension.wasm Table 1.20. Field Reference for manifest.yml Field Description Required schemaVersion Used for versioning of the manifest schema. Currently the only possible value is 1 . This is a required field. name The name of your extension. This field is just metadata and currently unused. description The description of your extension. This field is just metadata and currently unused. version The version of your extension. This field is just metadata and currently unused. phase The default execution phase of your extension. This is a required field. priority The default priority of your extension. This is a required field. module The relative path from the container filesystem's root to your WebAssembly module. This is a required field. 1.19.5. ServiceMeshExtension reference The ServiceMeshExtension API provides a mechanism to extend the functionality provided by the Istio proxy through WebAssembly filters. There are two parts to writing a WebAssembly extension: Write your extension using an SDK that exposes the proxy-wasm API and compile it to a WebAssembly module. Package it into a container. Note When creating new WebAssembly extensions, use WasmPlugin. ServiceMeshExtension is deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. Table 1.21. ServiceMeshExtension Field Reference Field Description metadata.namespace The metadata.namespace field of a ServiceMeshExtension source has a special semantic: if it equals the Control Plane Namespace, the extension will be applied to all workloads in the Service Mesh that match its workloadSelector value. When deployed to any other Mesh Namespace, it will only be applied to workloads in that same Namespace. spec.workloadSelector The spec.workloadSelector field has the same semantic as the spec.selector field of the Istio Gateway resource . It will match a workload based on its Pod labels. If no workloadSelector value is specified, the extension will be applied to all workloads in the namespace. spec.config This is a structured field that will be handed over to the extension, with the semantics dependent on the extension you are deploying. spec.image A container image URI pointing to the image that holds the extension. spec.phase The phase determines where in the filter chain the extension is injected, in relation to existing Istio functionality like Authentication, Authorization and metrics generation. Valid values are: PreAuthN, PostAuthN, PreAuthZ, PostAuthZ, PreStats, PostStats. This field defaults to the value set in the manifest.yaml file of the extension, but can be overwritten by the user. spec.priority If multiple extensions with the same spec.phase value are applied to the same workload instance, the spec.priority value determines the ordering of execution. Extensions with higher priority will be executed first. This allows for inter-dependent extensions. This field defaults to the value set in the manifest.yaml file of the extension, but can be overwritten by the user. 1.19.5.1. Deploying ServiceMeshExtension resources You can enable Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh extensions using the ServiceMeshExtension resource. In this example, istio-system is the name of the Service Mesh control plane project. Note When creating new WebAssembly extensions, use WasmPlugin. ServiceMeshExtension is deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. For a complete example that was built using the Rust SDK, take a look at the header-append-filter . It is a simple filter that appends one or more headers to the HTTP responses, with their names and values taken out from the config field of the extension. See a sample configuration in the snippet below. Procedure Create the following example resource: Example ServiceMeshExtension resource extension.yaml apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: workloadSelector: labels: app: httpbin config: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value image: quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100 Apply your extension.yaml file with the following command: USD oc apply -f <extension>.yaml 1.19.6. Migrating from ServiceMeshExtension to WasmPlugin resources The ServiceMeshExtension API is deprecated as of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.2 and will be removed in a future release. If you are using the ServiceMeshExtention API, you must migrate to the WasmPlugin API to continue using your WebAssembly extensions. The APIs are very similar. The migration consists of two steps: Renaming your plug-in file and updating the module packaging. Creating a WasmPlugin resource that references the updated container image. 1.19.6.1. API changes The new WasmPlugin API is similar to the ServiceMeshExtension , but with a few differences, especially in the field names: Table 1.22. Field changes between ServiceMeshExtensions and WasmPlugin ServiceMeshExtension WasmPlugin spec.config spec.pluginConfig spec.workloadSelector spec.selector spec.image spec.url spec.phase valid values: PreAuthN, PostAuthN, PreAuthZ, PostAuthZ, PreStats, PostStats spec.phase valid values: <empty>, AUTHN, AUTHZ, STATS The following is an example of how a ServiceMeshExtension resource could be converted into a WasmPlugin resource. ServiceMeshExtension resource apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: workloadSelector: labels: app: httpbin config: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value image: quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.2 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100 New WasmPlugin resource equivalent to the ServiceMeshExtension above apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin url: oci://quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.2 phase: STATS pluginConfig: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value 1.19.6.2. Container image format changes The new WasmPlugin container image format is similar to the ServiceMeshExtensions , with the following differences: The ServiceMeshExtension container format required a metadata file named manifest.yaml in the root directory of the container filesystem. The WasmPlugin container format does not require a manifest.yaml file. The .wasm file (the actual plug-in) that previously could have any filename now must be named plugin.wasm and must be located in the root directory of the container filesystem. 1.19.6.3. Migrating to WasmPlugin resources To upgrade your WebAssembly extensions from the ServiceMeshExtension API to the WasmPlugin API, you rename your plug-in file. Prerequisites ServiceMeshControlPlane is upgraded to version 2.2 or later. Caution Because both plug-ins will be called for every request, you might want to remove your existing ServiceMeshExtension resource before creating the new WasmPlugin resource. You might get undesired results having two plug-ins active at the same time. Procedure Update your container image. If the plug-in is already in /plugin.wasm inside the container, skip to the step. If not: Ensure the plug-in file is named plugin.wasm . You must name the extension file plugin.wasm . Ensure the plug-in file is located in the root (/) directory. You must store extension files in the root of the container filesystem.. Rebuild your container image and push it to a container registry. Remove the ServiceMeshExtension resource and create a WasmPlugin resource that refers to the new container image you built. 1.20. Using the 3scale WebAssembly module Note The threescale-wasm-auth module runs on integrations of 3scale API Management 2.11 or later with Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1.0 or later. The threescale-wasm-auth module is a WebAssembly module that uses a set of interfaces, known as an application binary interfaces ( ABI ). This is defined by the Proxy-WASM specification to drive any piece of software that implements the ABI so it can authorize HTTP requests against 3scale. As an ABI specification, Proxy-WASM defines the interaction between a piece of software named host and another named module , program , or extension . The host exposes a set of services used by the module to perform a task, and in this case, to process proxy requests. The host environment is composed of a WebAssembly virtual machine interacting with a piece of software, in this case, an HTTP proxy. The module itself runs in isolation to the outside world except for the instructions it runs on the virtual machine and the ABI specified by Proxy-WASM. This is a safe way to provide extension points to software: the extension can only interact in well-defined ways with the virtual machine and the host. The interaction provides a computing model and a connection to the outside world the proxy is meant to have. 1.20.1. Compatibility The threescale-wasm-auth module is designed to be fully compatible with all implementations of the Proxy-WASM ABI specification. At this point, however, it has only been thoroughly tested to work with the Envoy reverse proxy. 1.20.2. Usage as a stand-alone module Because of its self-contained design, it is possible to configure this module to work with Proxy-WASM proxies independently of Service Mesh, as well as 3scale Istio adapter deployments. 1.20.3. Prerequisites The module works with all supported 3scale releases, except when configuring a service to use OpenID connect (OIDC) , which requires 3scale 2.11 or later. 1.20.4. Configuring the threescale-wasm-auth module Cluster administrators on OpenShift Container Platform can configure the threescale-wasm-auth module to authorize HTTP requests to 3scale API Management through an application binary interface (ABI). The ABI defines the interaction between host and the module, exposing the hosts services, and allows you to use the module to process proxy requests. 1.20.4.1. The Service Mesh extension Service Mesh provides a custom resource definition to specify and apply Proxy-WASM extensions to sidecar proxies, known as ServiceMeshExtension . Service Mesh applies this custom resource to the set of workloads that require HTTP API management with 3scale. Note Configuring the WebAssembly extension is currently a manual process. Support for fetching the configuration for services from the 3scale system will be available in a future release. Prerequisites Identify a Kubernetes workload and namespace on your Service Mesh deployment that you will apply this module. You must have a 3scale tenant account. See SaaS or 3scale 2.11 On-Premises with a matching service and relevant applications and metrics defined. If you apply the module to the productpage microservice in the bookinfo namespace, see the Bookinfo sample application . The following example is the YAML format for the custom resource for threescale-wasm-auth module. This example refers to the upstream Maistra version of Service Mesh, ServiceMeshExtension API. You must declare the namespace where the threescale-wasm-auth module is deployed, alongside a WorkloadSelector to identify the set of applications the module will apply to: apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth namespace: bookinfo 1 spec: workloadSelector: 2 labels: app: productpage config: <yaml_configuration> image: registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/3scale-auth-wasm-rhel8:0.0.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100 1 The namespace . 2 The WorkloadSelector . The spec.config field depends on the module configuration and it is not populated in the example. Instead, the example uses the <yaml_configuration> placeholder value. You can use the format of this custom resource example. The spec.config field varies depending on the application. All other fields persist across multiple instances of this custom resource. As examples: image : Only changes when newer versions of the module are deployed. phase : Remains the same, since this module needs to be invoked after the proxy has done any local authorization, such as validating OpenID Connect (OIDC) tokens. After you have the module configuration in spec.config and the rest of the custom resource, apply it with the oc apply command: USD oc apply -f threescale-wasm-auth-bookinfo.yaml Additional resources Deploying ServiceMeshExtension resources Custom Resources 1.20.5. Applying 3scale external ServiceEntry objects To have the threescale-wasm-auth module authorize requests against 3scale, the module must have access to 3scale services. You can accomplish this within Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh and Istio by applying an external ServiceEntry object. The custom resources set up the service entries for access from within Service Mesh to 3scale Hosted (SaaS) for the backend and system components of the Service Management API and the Account Management API. The Service Management API receives queries for the authorization status of each request. The Account Management API provides API management configuration settings for your services. Procedure Apply the following external ServiceEntry custom resources to your cluster: Custom resource for 3scale Hosted backend apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: threescale-saas-backend spec: hosts: - su1.3scale.net ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS Custom resource for 3scale Hosted system apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: threescale-saas-system spec: hosts: - multitenant.3scale.net ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS You can use the oc apply command with either of the following methods to apply the objects: Save the objects to one or more files, and then use the following syntax: USD oc apply -f <filename.yml> To apply the objects without first saving them to a file, use the following command: USD echo -n "<filename.yml>" | oc apply -f - Alternatively, you can deploy an in-mesh 3scale service. To do this, change the location of these services in the custom resources. Additional resources ServiceEntry documentation 1.20.6. The 3scale WebAssembly module configuration The ServiceMeshExtension custom resource spec provides the configuration that the Proxy-WASM module reads from. The spec is embedded in the host and read by the Proxy-WASM module. Typically, the configurations are in the JSON file format for the modules to parse, however the ServiceMeshExtension resource can interpret the spec value as YAML and convert it to JSON for consumption by the module. If you use the Proxy-WASM module in stand-alone mode, you must write the configuration using the JSON format. Using the JSON format means using escaping and quoting where needed within the host configuration files, for example Envoy . When you use the WebAssembly module with the ServiceMeshExtension resource, the configuration is in the YAML format. In this case, an invalid configuration forces the module to show diagnostics based on its JSON representation to a sidecar's logging stream. Important The EnvoyFilter custom resource is not a supported API, although it can be used in some 3scale Istio adapter or Service Mesh releases. Using the EnvoyFilter custom resource is not recommended. Use the ServiceMeshExtension API instead of the EnvoyFilter custom resource. If you must use the EnvoyFilter custom resource, you must specify the spec in JSON format. 1.20.6.1. Configuring the 3scale WebAssembly module The architecture of the 3scale WebAssembly module configuration depends on the 3scale account and authorization service, and the list of services to handle. Prerequisites The prerequisites are a set of minimum mandatory fields in all cases: For the 3scale account and authorization service: the backend-listener URL. For the list of services to handle: the service IDs and at least one credential look up method and where to find it. You will find examples for dealing with userkey , appid with appkey , and OpenID Connect (OIDC) patterns. The WebAssembly module uses the settings you specified in the static configuration. For example, if you add a mapping rule configuration to the module, it will always apply, even when the 3scale Admin Portal has no such mapping rule. The rest of the ServiceMeshExtension resource exists around the spec.config YAML entry. 1.20.6.2. The 3scale WebAssembly module api object The api top-level string from the 3scale WebAssembly module defines which version of the configuration the module will use. Note A non-existent or unsupported version of the api object renders the 3scale WebAssembly module inoperable. The api top-level string example apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth namespace: bookinfo spec: config: api: v1 ... The api entry defines the rest of the values for the configuration. The only accepted value is v1 . New settings that break compatibility with the current configuration or need more logic that modules using v1 cannot handle, will require different values. 1.20.6.3. The 3scale WebAssembly module system object The system top-level object specifies how to access the 3scale Account Management API for a specific account. The upstream field is the most important part of the object. The system object is optional, but recommended unless you are providing a fully static configuration for the 3scale WebAssembly module, which is an option if you do not want to provide connectivity to the system component of 3scale. When you provide static configuration objects in addition to the system object, the static ones always take precedence. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: ... config: system: name: saas_porta upstream: <object> token: myaccount_token ttl: 300 ... Table 1.23. system object fields Name Description Required name An identifier for the 3scale service, currently not referenced elsewhere. Optional upstream The details about a network host to be contacted. upstream refers to the 3scale Account Management API host known as system. Yes token A 3scale personal access token with read permissions. Yes ttl The minimum amount of seconds to consider a configuration retrieved from this host as valid before trying to fetch new changes. The default is 600 seconds (10 minutes). Note: there is no maximum amount, but the module will generally fetch any configuration within a reasonable amount of time after this TTL elapses. Optional 1.20.6.4. The 3scale WebAssembly module upstream object The upstream object describes an external host to which the proxy can perform calls. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 upstream: name: outbound|443||multitenant.3scale.net url: "https://myaccount-admin.3scale.net/" timeout: 5000 ... Table 1.24. upstream object fields Name Description Required name name is not a free-form identifier. It is the identifier for the external host as defined by the proxy configuration. In the case of stand-alone Envoy configurations, it maps to the name of a Cluster , also known as upstream in other proxies. Note: the value of this field, because the Service Mesh and 3scale Istio adapter control plane configure the name according to a format using a vertical bar (|) as the separator of multiple fields. For the purposes of this integration, always use the format: outbound|<port>||<hostname> . Yes url The complete URL to access the described service. Unless implied by the scheme, you must include the TCP port. Yes Timeout Timeout in milliseconds so that connections to this service that take more than the amount of time to respond will be considered errors. Default is 1000 seconds. Optional 1.20.6.5. The 3scale WebAssembly module backend object The backend top-level object specifies how to access the 3scale Service Management API for authorizing and reporting HTTP requests. This service is provided by the Backend component of 3scale. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: ... backend: name: backend upstream: <object> ... Table 1.25. backend object fields Name Description Required name An identifier for the 3scale backend, currently not referenced elsewhere. Optional upstream The details about a network host to be contacted. This must refer to the 3scale Account Management API host, known, system. Yes. The most important and required field. 1.20.6.6. The 3scale WebAssembly module services object The services top-level object specifies which service identifiers are handled by this particular instance of the module . Since accounts have multiple services, you must specify which ones are handled. The rest of the configuration revolves around how to configure services. The services field is required. It is an array that must contain at least one service to be useful. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: ... services: - id: "2555417834789" token: service_token authorities: - "*.app" - 0.0.0.0 - "0.0.0.0:8443" credentials: <object> mapping_rules: <object> ... Each element in the services array represents a 3scale service. Table 1.26. services object fields Name Description Required ID An identifier for this 3scale service, currently not referenced elsewhere. Yes token This token can be found in the proxy configuration for your service in System or you can retrieve the it from System with following curl command: curl https://<system_host>/admin/api/services/<service_id>/proxy/configs/production/latest.json?access_token=<access_token>" | jq '.proxy_config.content.backend_authentication_value Yes authorities An array of strings, each one representing the Authority of a URL to match. These strings accept glob patterns supporting the asterisk ( * ), plus sign ( + ), and question mark ( ? ) matchers. Yes credentials An object defining which kind of credentials to look for and where. Yes mapping_rules An array of objects representing mapping rules and 3scale methods to hit. Yes 1.20.6.7. The 3scale WebAssembly module credentials object The credentials object is a component of the service object. credentials specifies which kind of credentials to be looked up and the steps to perform this action. All fields are optional, but you must specify at least one, user_key or app_id . The order in which you specify each credential is irrelevant because it is pre-established by the module. Only specify one instance of each credential. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: ... services: - credentials: user_key: <array_of_lookup_queries> app_id: <array_of_lookup_queries> app_key: <array_of_lookup_queries> ... Table 1.27. credentials object fields Name Description Required user_key This is an array of lookup queries that defines a 3scale user key. A user key is commonly known as an API key. Optional app_id This is an array of lookup queries that define a 3scale application identifier. Application identifiers are provided by 3scale or by using an identity provider like Red Hat Single Sign-On (RH-SS0) , or OpenID Connect (OIDC). The resolution of the lookup queries specified here, whenever it is successful and resolves to two values, it sets up the app_id and the app_key . Optional app_key This is an array of lookup queries that define a 3scale application key. Application keys without a resolved app_id are useless, so only specify this field when app_id has been specified. Optional 1.20.6.8. The 3scale WebAssembly module lookup queries The lookup query object is part of any of the fields in the credentials object. It specifies how a given credential field should be found and processed. When evaluated, a successful resolution means that one or more values were found. A failed resolution means that no values were found. Arrays of lookup queries describe a short-circuit or relationship: a successful resolution of one of the queries stops the evaluation of any remaining queries and assigns the value or values to the specified credential-type. Each query in the array is independent of each other. A lookup query is made up of a single field, a source object, which can be one of a number of source types. See the following example: apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: ... services: - credentials: user_key: - <source_type>: <object> - <source_type>: <object> ... app_id: - <source_type>: <object> ... app_key: - <source_type>: <object> ... ... 1.20.6.9. The 3scale WebAssembly module source object A source object exists as part of an array of sources within any of the credentials object fields. The object field name, referred to as a source -type is any one of the following: header : The lookup query receives HTTP request headers as input. query_string : The lookup query receives the URL query string parameters as input. filter : The lookup query receives filter metadata as input. All source -type objects have at least the following two fields: Table 1.28. source-type object fields Name Description Required keys An array of strings, each one a key , referring to entries found in the input data. Yes ops An array of operations that perform a key entry match. The array is a pipeline where operations receive inputs and generate outputs on the operation. An operation failing to provide an output resolves the lookup query as failed. The pipeline order of the operations determines the evaluation order. Optional The filter field name has a required path entry to show the path in the metadata you use to look up data. When a key matches the input data, the rest of the keys are not evaluated and the source resolution algorithm jumps to executing the operations ( ops ) specified, if any. If no ops are specified, the result value of the matching key , if any, is returned. Operations provide a way to specify certain conditions and transformations for inputs you have after the first phase looks up a key . Use operations when you need to transform, decode, and assert properties, however they do not provide a mature language to deal with all needs and lack Turing-completeness . A stack stored the outputs of operations . When evaluated, the lookup query finishes by assigning the value or values at the bottom of the stack, depending on how many values the credential consumes. 1.20.6.10. The 3scale WebAssembly module operations object Each element in the ops array belonging to a specific source type is an operation object that either applies transformations to values or performs tests. The field name to use for such an object is the name of the operation itself, and any values are the parameters to the operation , which could be structure objects, for example, maps with fields and values, lists, or strings. Most operations attend to one or more inputs, and produce one or more outputs. When they consume inputs or produce outputs, they work with a stack of values: each value consumed by the operations is popped from the stack of values and initially populated with any source matches. The values outputted by them are pushed to the stack. Other operations do not consume or produce outputs other than asserting certain properties, but they inspect a stack of values. Note When resolution finishes, the values picked up by the step, such as assigning the values to be an app_id , app_key , or user_key , are taken from the bottom values of the stack. There are a few different operations categories: decode : These transform an input value by decoding it to get a different format. string : These take a string value as input and perform transformations and checks on it. stack : These take a set of values in the input and perform multiple stack transformations and selection of specific positions in the stack. check : These assert properties about sets of operations in a side-effect free way. control : These perform operations that allow for modifying the evaluation flow. format : These parse the format-specific structure of input values and look up values in it. All operations are specified by the name identifiers as strings. Additional resources Available operations 1.20.6.11. The 3scale WebAssembly module mapping_rules object The mapping_rules object is part of the service object. It specifies a set of REST path patterns and related 3scale metrics and count increments to use when the patterns match. You need the value if no dynamic configuration is provided in the system top-level object. If the object is provided in addition to the system top-level entry, then the mapping_rules object is evaluated first. mapping_rules is an array object. Each element of that array is a mapping_rule object. The evaluated matching mapping rules on an incoming request provide the set of 3scale methods for authorization and reporting to the APIManager . When multiple matching rules refer to the same methods , there is a summation of deltas when calling into 3scale. For example, if two rules increase the Hits method twice with deltas of 1 and 3, a single method entry for Hits reporting to 3scale has a delta of 4. 1.20.6.12. The 3scale WebAssembly module mapping_rule object The mapping_rule object is part of an array in the mapping_rules object. The mapping_rule object fields specify the following information: The HTTP request method to match. A pattern to match the path against. The 3scale methods to report along with the amount to report. The order in which you specify the fields determines the evaluation order. Table 1.29. mapping_rule object fields Name Description Required method Specifies a string representing an HTTP request method, also known as verb. Values accepted match the any one of the accepted HTTP method names, case-insensitive. A special value of any matches any method. Yes pattern The pattern to match the HTTP request's URI path component. This pattern follows the same syntax as documented by 3scale. It allows wildcards (use of the asterisk (*) character) using any sequence of characters between braces such as {this} . Yes usages A list of usage objects. When the rule matches, all methods with their deltas are added to the list of methods sent to 3scale for authorization and reporting. Embed the usages object with the following required fields: name : The method system name to report. delta : For how much to increase that method by. Yes last Whether the successful matching of this rule should stop the evaluation of more mapping rules. Optional Boolean. The default is false The following example is independent of existing hierarchies between methods in 3scale. That is, anything run on the 3scale side will not affect this. For example, the Hits metric might be a parent of them all, so it stores 4 hits due to the sum of all reported methods in the authorized request and calls the 3scale Authrep API endpoint. The example below uses a GET request to a path, /products/1/sold , that matches all the rules. mapping_rules GET request example apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: ... mapping_rules: - method: GET pattern: / usages: - name: hits delta: 1 - method: GET pattern: /products/ usages: - name: products delta: 1 - method: ANY pattern: /products/{id}/sold usages: - name: sales delta: 1 - name: products delta: 1 ... All usages get added to the request the module performs to 3scale with usage data as follows: Hits: 1 products: 2 sales: 1 1.20.7. The 3scale WebAssembly module examples for credentials use cases You will spend most of your time applying configuration steps to obtain credentials in the requests to your services. The following are credentials examples, which you can modify to adapt to specific use cases. You can combine them all, although when you specify multiple source objects with their own lookup queries , they are evaluated in order until one of them successfully resolves. 1.20.7.1. API key (user_key) in query string parameters The following example looks up a user_key in a query string parameter or header of the same name: credentials: user_key: - query_string: keys: - user_key - header: keys: - user_key 1.20.7.2. Application ID and key The following example looks up app_key and app_id credentials in a query or headers. credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - app_id - query_string: keys: - app_id app_key: - header: keys: - app_key - query_string: keys: - app_key 1.20.7.3. Authorization header A request includes an app_id and app_key in an authorization header. If there is at least one or two values outputted at the end, then you can assign the app_key . The resolution here assigns the app_key if there is one or two outputted at the end. The authorization header specifies a value with the type of authorization and its value is encoded as Base64 . This means you can split the value by a space character, take the second output and then split it again using a colon (:) as the separator. For example, if you use this format app_id:app_key , the header looks like the following example for credential : You must use lower case header field names as shown in the following example: credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - authorization ops: - split: separator: " " max: 2 - length: min: 2 - drop: head: 1 - base64_urlsafe - split: max: 2 app_key: - header: keys: - app_key The example use case looks at the headers for an authorization : It takes its string value and split it by a space, checking that it generates at least two values of a credential -type and the credential itself, then dropping the credential -type. It then decodes the second value containing the data it needs, and splits it by using a colon (:) character to have an operations stack including first the app_id , then the app_key , if it exists. If app_key does not exist in the authorization header then its specific sources are checked, for example, the header with the key app_key in this case. To add extra conditions to credentials , allow Basic authorizations, where app_id is either aladdin or admin , or any app_id being at least 8 characters in length. app_key must contain a value and have a minimum of 64 characters as shown in the following example: credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - authorization ops: - split: separator: " " max: 2 - length: min: 2 - reverse - glob: - Basic - drop: tail: 1 - base64_urlsafe - split: max: 2 - test: if: length: min: 2 then: - strlen: max: 63 - or: - strlen: min: 1 - drop: tail: 1 - assert: - and: - reverse - or: - strlen: min: 8 - glob: - aladdin - admin After picking up the authorization header value, you get a Basic credential -type by reversing the stack so that the type is placed on top. Run a glob match on it. When it validates, and the credential is decoded and split, you get the app_id at the bottom of the stack, and potentially the app_key at the top. Run a test: if there are two values in the stack, meaning an app_key was acquired. Ensure the string length is between 1 and 63, including app_id and app_key . If the key's length is zero, drop it and continue as if no key exists. If there was only an app_id and no app_key , the missing else branch indicates a successful test and evaluation continues. The last operation, assert , indicates that no side-effects make it into the stack. You can then modify the stack: Reverse the stack to have the app_id at the top. Whether or not an app_key is present, reversing the stack ensures app_id is at the top. Use and to preserve the contents of the stack across tests. Then use one of the following possibilities: Make sure app_id has a string length of at least 8. Make sure app_id matches either aladdin or admin . 1.20.7.4. OpenID Connect (OIDC) use case For Service Mesh and the 3scale Istio adapter, you must deploy a RequestAuthentication as shown in the following example, filling in your own workload data and jwtRules : apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: jwt-example namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak jwksUri: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak/protocol/openid-connect/certs When you apply the RequestAuthentication , it configures Envoy with a native plug-in to validate JWT tokens. The proxy validates everything before running the module so any requests that fail do not make it to the 3scale WebAssembly module. When a JWT token is validated, the proxy stores its contents in an internal metadata object, with an entry whose key depends on the specific configuration of the plug-in. This use case gives you the ability to look up structure objects with a single entry containing an unknown key name. The 3scale app_id for OIDC matches the OAuth client_id . This is found in the azp or aud fields of JWT tokens. To get app_id field from Envoy's native JWT authentication filter, see the following example: credentials: app_id: - filter: path: - envoy.filters.http.jwt_authn - "0" keys: - azp - aud ops: - take: head: 1 The example instructs the module to use the filter source type to look up filter metadata for an object from the Envoy -specific JWT authentication native plug-in. This plug-in includes the JWT token as part of a structure object with a single entry and a pre-configured name. Use 0 to specify that you will only access the single entry. The resulting value is a structure for which you will resolve two fields: azp : The value where app_id is found. aud : The value where this information can also be found. The operation ensures only one value is held for assignment. 1.20.7.5. Picking up the JWT token from a header Some setups might have validation processes for JWT tokens where the validated token would reach this module via a header in JSON format. To get the app_id , see the following example: credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - x-jwt-payload ops: - base64_urlsafe - json: - keys: - azp - aud - take: head: 1 1.20.8. 3scale WebAssembly module minimal working configuration The following is an example of a 3scale WebAssembly module minimal working configuration. You can copy and paste this and edit it to work with your own configuration. apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-auth spec: image: registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/3scale-auth-wasm-rhel8:0.0.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100 workloadSelector: labels: app: productpage config: api: v1 system: name: system-name upstream: name: outbound|443||multitenant.3scale.net url: https://istiodevel-admin.3scale.net/ timeout: 5000 token: atoken backend: name: backend-name upstream: name: outbound|443||su1.3scale.net url: https://su1.3scale.net/ timeout: 5000 extensions: - no_body services: - id: '2555417834780' token: service_token authorities: - "*" credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - app_id - query_string: keys: - app_id - application_id app_key: - header: keys: - app_key - query_string: keys: - app_key - application_key user_key: - query_string: keys: - user_key - header: keys: - user_key mapping_rules: - method: GET pattern: "/" usages: - name: Hits delta: 1 - method: GET pattern: "/o{*}c" usages: - name: oidc delta: 1 - name: Hits delta: 1 - method: any pattern: "/{anything}?bigsale={*}" usages: - name: sale delta: 5 1.21. Using the 3scale Istio adapter The 3scale Istio Adapter is an optional adapter that allows you to label a service running within the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh and integrate that service with the 3scale API Management solution. It is not required for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Important You can only use the 3scale Istio adapter with Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh versions 2.0 and below. The Mixer component was deprecated in release 2.0 and removed in release 2.1. For Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh versions 2.1.0 and later you should use the 3scale WebAssembly module . If you want to enable 3scale backend cache with the 3scale Istio adapter, you must also enable Mixer policy and Mixer telemetry. See Deploying the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane . 1.21.1. Integrate the 3scale adapter with Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh You can use these examples to configure requests to your services using the 3scale Istio Adapter. Prerequisites: Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh version 2.x A working 3scale account ( SaaS or 3scale 2.9 On-Premises ) Enabling backend cache requires 3scale 2.9 or greater Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh prerequisites Ensure Mixer policy enforcement is enabled. Update Mixer policy enforcement section provides instructions to check the current Mixer policy enforcement status and enable policy enforcement. Mixer policy and telemetry must be enabled if you are using a mixer plug-in. You will need to properly configure the Service Mesh Control Plane (SMCP) when upgrading. Note To configure the 3scale Istio Adapter, refer to Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh custom resources for instructions on adding adapter parameters to the custom resource file. Note Pay particular attention to the kind: handler resource. You must update this with your 3scale account credentials. You can optionally add a service_id to a handler, but this is kept for backwards compatibility only, since it would render the handler only useful for one service in your 3scale account. If you add service_id to a handler, enabling 3scale for other services requires you to create more handlers with different service_ids . Use a single handler per 3scale account by following the steps below: Procedure Create a handler for your 3scale account and specify your account credentials. Omit any service identifier. apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: handler metadata: name: threescale spec: adapter: threescale params: system_url: "https://<organization>-admin.3scale.net/" access_token: "<ACCESS_TOKEN>" connection: address: "threescale-istio-adapter:3333" Optionally, you can provide a backend_url field within the params section to override the URL provided by the 3scale configuration. This may be useful if the adapter runs on the same cluster as the 3scale on-premise instance, and you wish to leverage the internal cluster DNS. Edit or patch the Deployment resource of any services belonging to your 3scale account as follows: Add the "service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id" label with a value corresponding to a valid service_id . Add the "service-mesh.3scale.net/credentials" label with its value being the name of the handler resource from step 1. Do step 2 to link it to your 3scale account credentials and to its service identifier, whenever you intend to add more services. Modify the rule configuration with your 3scale configuration to dispatch the rule to the threescale handler. Rule configuration example apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: rule metadata: name: threescale spec: match: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net"] == "true" actions: - handler: threescale.handler instances: - threescale-authorization.instance 1.21.1.1. Generating 3scale custom resources The adapter includes a tool that allows you to generate the handler , instance , and rule custom resources. Table 1.30. Usage Option Description Required Default value -h, --help Produces help output for available options No --name Unique name for this URL, token pair Yes -n, --namespace Namespace to generate templates No istio-system -t, --token 3scale access token Yes -u, --url 3scale Admin Portal URL Yes --backend-url 3scale backend URL. If set, it overrides the value that is read from system configuration No -s, --service 3scale API/Service ID No --auth 3scale authentication pattern to specify (1=API Key, 2=App Id/App Key, 3=OIDC) No Hybrid -o, --output File to save produced manifests to No Standard output --version Outputs the CLI version and exits immediately No 1.21.1.1.1. Generate templates from URL examples Note Run the following commands via oc exec from the 3scale adapter container image in Generating manifests from a deployed adapter . Use the 3scale-config-gen command to help avoid YAML syntax and indentation errors. You can omit the --service if you use the annotations. This command must be invoked from within the container image via oc exec . Procedure Use the 3scale-config-gen command to autogenerate templates files allowing the token, URL pair to be shared by multiple services as a single handler: The following example generates the templates with the service ID embedded in the handler: Additional resources Tokens . 1.21.1.2. Generating manifests from a deployed adapter Note NAME is an identifier you use to identify with the service you are managing with 3scale. The CREDENTIALS_NAME reference is an identifier that corresponds to the match section in the rule configuration. This is automatically set to the NAME identifier if you are using the CLI tool. Its value does not need to be anything specific: the label value should just match the contents of the rule. See Routing service traffic through the adapter for more information. Run this command to generate manifests from a deployed adapter in the istio-system namespace: This will produce sample output to the terminal. Edit these samples if required and create the objects using the oc create command. When the request reaches the adapter, the adapter needs to know how the service maps to an API on 3scale. You can provide this information in two ways: Label the workload (recommended) Hard code the handler as service_id Update the workload with the required annotations: Note You only need to update the service ID provided in this example if it is not already embedded in the handler. The setting in the handler takes precedence . 1.21.1.3. Routing service traffic through the adapter Follow these steps to drive traffic for your service through the 3scale adapter. Prerequisites Credentials and service ID from your 3scale administrator. Procedure Match the rule destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/credentials"] == "threescale" that you previously created in the configuration, in the kind: rule resource. Add the above label to PodTemplateSpec on the Deployment of the target workload to integrate a service. the value, threescale , refers to the name of the generated handler. This handler stores the access token required to call 3scale. Add the destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id"] == "replace-me" label to the workload to pass the service ID to the adapter via the instance at request time. 1.21.2. Configure the integration settings in 3scale Follow this procedure to configure the 3scale integration settings. Note For 3scale SaaS customers, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is enabled as part of the Early Access program. Procedure Navigate to [your_API_name] Integration Click Settings . Select the Istio option under Deployment . The API Key (user_key) option under Authentication is selected by default. Click Update Product to save your selection. Click Configuration . Click Update Configuration . 1.21.3. Caching behavior Responses from 3scale System APIs are cached by default within the adapter. Entries will be purged from the cache when they become older than the cacheTTLSeconds value. Also by default, automatic refreshing of cached entries will be attempted seconds before they expire, based on the cacheRefreshSeconds value. You can disable automatic refreshing by setting this value higher than the cacheTTLSeconds value. Caching can be disabled entirely by setting cacheEntriesMax to a non-positive value. By using the refreshing process, cached values whose hosts become unreachable will be retried before eventually being purged when past their expiry. 1.21.4. Authenticating requests This release supports the following authentication methods: Standard API Keys : single randomized strings or hashes acting as an identifier and a secret token. Application identifier and key pairs : immutable identifier and mutable secret key strings. OpenID authentication method : client ID string parsed from the JSON Web Token. 1.21.4.1. Applying authentication patterns Modify the instance custom resource, as illustrated in the following authentication method examples, to configure authentication behavior. You can accept the authentication credentials from: Request headers Request parameters Both request headers and query parameters Note When specifying values from headers, they must be lower case. For example, if you want to send a header as User-Key , this must be referenced in the configuration as request.headers["user-key"] . 1.21.4.1.1. API key authentication method Service Mesh looks for the API key in query parameters and request headers as specified in the user option in the subject custom resource parameter. It checks the values in the order given in the custom resource file. You can restrict the search for the API key to either query parameters or request headers by omitting the unwanted option. In this example, Service Mesh looks for the API key in the user_key query parameter. If the API key is not in the query parameter, Service Mesh then checks the user-key header. API key authentication method example apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization namespace: istio-system spec: template: authorization params: subject: user: request.query_params["user_key"] | request.headers["user-key"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" If you want the adapter to examine a different query parameter or request header, change the name as appropriate. For example, to check for the API key in a query parameter named "key", change request.query_params["user_key"] to request.query_params["key"] . 1.21.4.1.2. Application ID and application key pair authentication method Service Mesh looks for the application ID and application key in query parameters and request headers, as specified in the properties option in the subject custom resource parameter. The application key is optional. It checks the values in the order given in the custom resource file. You can restrict the search for the credentials to either query parameters or request headers by not including the unwanted option. In this example, Service Mesh looks for the application ID and application key in the query parameters first, moving on to the request headers if needed. Application ID and application key pair authentication method example apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization namespace: istio-system spec: template: authorization params: subject: app_id: request.query_params["app_id"] | request.headers["app-id"] | "" app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" If you want the adapter to examine a different query parameter or request header, change the name as appropriate. For example, to check for the application ID in a query parameter named identification , change request.query_params["app_id"] to request.query_params["identification"] . 1.21.4.1.3. OpenID authentication method To use the OpenID Connect (OIDC) authentication method , use the properties value on the subject field to set client_id , and optionally app_key . You can manipulate this object using the methods described previously. In the example configuration shown below, the client identifier (application ID) is parsed from the JSON Web Token (JWT) under the label azp . You can modify this as needed. OpenID authentication method example apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization spec: template: threescale-authorization params: subject: properties: app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" client_id: request.auth.claims["azp"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" service: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id"] | "" For this integration to work correctly, OIDC must still be done in 3scale for the client to be created in the identity provider (IdP). You should create a Request authorization for the service you want to protect in the same namespace as that service. The JWT is passed in the Authorization header of the request. In the sample RequestAuthentication defined below, replace issuer , jwksUri , and selector as appropriate. OpenID Policy example apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: jwt-example namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak jwksUri: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak/protocol/openid-connect/certs 1.21.4.1.4. Hybrid authentication method You can choose to not enforce a particular authentication method and accept any valid credentials for either method. If both an API key and an application ID/application key pair are provided, Service Mesh uses the API key. In this example, Service Mesh checks for an API key in the query parameters, then the request headers. If there is no API key, it then checks for an application ID and key in the query parameters, then the request headers. Hybrid authentication method example apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization spec: template: authorization params: subject: user: request.query_params["user_key"] | request.headers["user-key"] | properties: app_id: request.query_params["app_id"] | request.headers["app-id"] | "" app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" client_id: request.auth.claims["azp"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" service: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id"] | "" 1.21.5. 3scale Adapter metrics The adapter, by default reports various Prometheus metrics that are exposed on port 8080 at the /metrics endpoint. These metrics provide insight into how the interactions between the adapter and 3scale are performing. The service is labeled to be automatically discovered and scraped by Prometheus. Note There are incompatible changes in the 3scale Istio Adapter metrics since the releases in Service Mesh 1.x. In Prometheus, metrics have been renamed with one addition for the backend cache, so that the following metrics exist as of Service Mesh 2.0: Table 1.31. Prometheus metrics Metric Type Description threescale_latency Histogram Request latency between adapter and 3scale. threescale_http_total Counter HTTP Status response codes for requests to 3scale backend. threescale_system_cache_hits Counter Total number of requests to the 3scale system fetched from the configuration cache. threescale_backend_cache_hits Counter Total number of requests to 3scale backend fetched from the backend cache. 1.21.6. 3scale backend cache The 3scale backend cache provides an authorization and reporting cache for clients of the 3scale Service Management API. This cache is embedded in the adapter to enable lower latencies in responses in certain situations assuming the administrator is willing to accept the trade-offs. Note 3scale backend cache is disabled by default. 3scale backend cache functionality trades inaccuracy in rate limiting and potential loss of hits since the last flush was performed for low latency and higher consumption of resources in the processor and memory. 1.21.6.1. Advantages of enabling backend cache The following are advantages to enabling the backend cache: Enable the backend cache when you find latencies are high while accessing services managed by the 3scale Istio Adapter. Enabling the backend cache will stop the adapter from continually checking with the 3scale API manager for request authorizations, which will lower the latency. This creates an in-memory cache of 3scale authorizations for the 3scale Istio Adapter to store and reuse before attempting to contact the 3scale API manager for authorizations. Authorizations will then take much less time to be granted or denied. Backend caching is useful in cases when you are hosting the 3scale API manager in another geographical location from the service mesh running the 3scale Istio Adapter. This is generally the case with the 3scale Hosted (SaaS) platform, but also if a user hosts their 3scale API manager in another cluster located in a different geographical location, in a different availability zone, or in any case where the network overhead to reach the 3scale API manager is noticeable. 1.21.6.2. Trade-offs for having lower latencies The following are trade-offs for having lower latencies: Each 3scale adapter's authorization state updates every time a flush happens. This means two or more instances of the adapter will introduce more inaccuracy between flushing periods. There is a greater chance of too many requests being granted that exceed limits and introduce erratic behavior, which leads to some requests going through and some not, depending on which adapter processes each request. An adapter cache that cannot flush its data and update its authorization information risks shut down or crashing without reporting its information to the API manager. A fail open or fail closed policy will be applied when an adapter cache cannot determine whether a request must be granted or denied, possibly due to network connectivity issues in contacting the API manager. When cache misses occur, typically right after booting the adapter or after a long period of no connectivity, latencies will grow in order to query the API manager. An adapter cache must do much more work on computing authorizations than it would without an enabled cache, which will tax processor resources. Memory requirements will grow proportionally to the combination of the amount of limits, applications, and services managed by the cache. 1.21.6.3. Backend cache configuration settings The following points explain the backend cache configuration settings: Find the settings to configure the backend cache in the 3scale configuration options. The last 3 settings control enabling of backend cache: PARAM_USE_CACHE_BACKEND - set to true to enable backend cache. PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS - sets time in seconds between consecutive attempts to flush cache data to the API manager. PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_POLICY_FAIL_CLOSED - set whether or not to allow/open or deny/close requests to the services when there is not enough cached data and the 3scale API manager cannot be reached. 1.21.7. 3scale Istio Adapter APIcast emulation The 3scale Istio Adapter performs as APIcast would when the following conditions occur: When a request cannot match any mapping rule defined, the returned HTTP code is 404 Not Found. This was previously 403 Forbidden. When a request is denied because it goes over limits, the returned HTTP code is 429 Too Many Requests. This was previously 403 Forbidden. When generating default templates via the CLI, it will use underscores rather than dashes for the headers, for example: user_key rather than user-key . 1.21.8. 3scale Istio adapter verification You might want to check whether the 3scale Istio adapter is working as expected. If your adapter is not working, use the following steps to help troubleshoot the problem. Procedure Ensure the 3scale-adapter pod is running in the Service Mesh control plane namespace: USD oc get pods -n <istio-system> Check that the 3scale-adapter pod has printed out information about itself booting up, such as its version: USD oc logs <istio-system> When performing requests to the services protected by the 3scale adapter integration, always try requests that lack the right credentials and ensure they fail. Check the 3scale adapter logs to gather additional information. Additional resources Inspecting pod and container logs . 1.21.9. 3scale Istio adapter troubleshooting checklist As the administrator installing the 3scale Istio adapter, there are a number of scenarios that might be causing your integration to not function properly. Use the following list to troubleshoot your installation: Incorrect YAML indentation. Missing YAML sections. Forgot to apply the changes in the YAML to the cluster. Forgot to label the service workloads with the service-mesh.3scale.net/credentials key. Forgot to label the service workloads with service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id when using handlers that do not contain a service_id so they are reusable per account. The Rule custom resource points to the wrong handler or instance custom resources, or the references lack the corresponding namespace suffix. The Rule custom resource match section cannot possibly match the service you are configuring, or it points to a destination workload that is not currently running or does not exist. Wrong access token or URL for the 3scale Admin Portal in the handler. The Instance custom resource's params/subject/properties section fails to list the right parameters for app_id , app_key , or client_id , either because they specify the wrong location such as the query parameters, headers, and authorization claims, or the parameter names do not match the requests used for testing. Failing to use the configuration generator without realizing that it actually lives in the adapter container image and needs oc exec to invoke it. 1.22. Troubleshooting your service mesh This section describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Use the following sections to help troubleshoot and debug problems when deploying Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh on OpenShift Container Platform. 1.22.1. Understanding Service Mesh versions In order to understand what version of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh you have deployed on your system, you need to understand how each of the component versions is managed. Operator version - The most current Operator version is 2.2.3. The Operator version number only indicates the version of the currently installed Operator. Because the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports multiple versions of the Service Mesh control plane, the version of the Operator does not determine the version of your deployed ServiceMeshControlPlane resources. Important Upgrading to the latest Operator version automatically applies patch updates, but does not automatically upgrade your Service Mesh control plane to the latest minor version. ServiceMeshControlPlane version - The ServiceMeshControlPlane version determines what version of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh you are using. The value of the spec.version field in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource controls the architecture and configuration settings that are used to install and deploy Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. When you create the Service Mesh control plane you can set the version in one of two ways: To configure in the Form View, select the version from the Control Plane Version menu. To configure in the YAML View, set the value for spec.version in the YAML file. Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) does not manage Service Mesh control plane upgrades, so the version number for your Operator and ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) may not match, unless you have manually upgraded your SMCP. 1.22.2. Troubleshooting Operator installation In addition to the information in this section, be sure to review the following topics: What are Operators? Operator Lifecycle Management concepts . OpenShift Operator troubleshooting section . OpenShift installation troubleshooting section . 1.22.2.1. Validating Operator installation When you install the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operators, OpenShift automatically creates the following objects as part of a successful Operator installation: config maps custom resource definitions deployments pods replica sets roles role bindings secrets service accounts services From the OpenShift Container Platform console You can verify that the Operator pods are available and running by using the OpenShift Container Platform console. Navigate to Workloads Pods . Select the openshift-operators namespace. Verify that the following pods exist and have a status of running : istio-operator jaeger-operator kiali-operator Select the openshift-operators-redhat namespace. Verify that the elasticsearch-operator pod exists and has a status of running . From the command line Verify the Operator pods are available and running in the openshift-operators namespace with the following command: USD oc get pods -n openshift-operators Example output NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE istio-operator-bb49787db-zgr87 1/1 Running 0 15s jaeger-operator-7d5c4f57d8-9xphf 1/1 Running 0 2m42s kiali-operator-f9c8d84f4-7xh2v 1/1 Running 0 64s Verify the Elasticsearch operator with the following command: USD oc get pods -n openshift-operators-redhat Example output NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE elasticsearch-operator-d4f59b968-796vq 1/1 Running 0 15s 1.22.2.2. Troubleshooting service mesh Operators If you experience Operator issues: Verify your Operator subscription status. Verify that you did not install a community version of the Operator, instead of the supported Red Hat version. Verify that you have the cluster-admin role to install Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Check for any errors in the Operator pod logs if the issue is related to installation of Operators. Note You can install Operators only through the OpenShift console, the OperatorHub is not accessible from the command line. 1.22.2.2.1. Viewing Operator pod logs You can view Operator logs by using the oc logs command. Red Hat may request logs to help resolve support cases. Procedure To view Operator pod logs, enter the command: USD oc logs -n openshift-operators <podName> For example, USD oc logs -n openshift-operators istio-operator-bb49787db-zgr87 1.22.3. Troubleshooting the control plane The Service Mesh control plane is composed of Istiod, which consolidates several control plane components (Citadel, Galley, Pilot) into a single binary. Deploying the ServiceMeshControlPlane also creates the other components that make up Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh as described in the architecture topic. 1.22.3.1. Validating the Service Mesh control plane installation When you create the Service Mesh control plane, the Service Mesh Operator uses the parameters that you have specified in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource file to do the following: Creates the Istio components and deploys the following pods: istiod istio-ingressgateway istio-egressgateway grafana prometheus wasm-cacher Calls the Kiali Operator to create Kaili deployment based on configuration in either the SMCP or the Kiali custom resource. Note You view the Kiali components under the Kiali Operator, not the Service Mesh Operator. Calls the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator to create distributed tracing platform components based on configuration in either the SMCP or the Jaeger custom resource. Note You view the Jaeger components under the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator and the Elasticsearch components under the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator, not the Service Mesh Operator. From the OpenShift Container Platform console You can verify the Service Mesh control plane installation in the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Select the <istio-system> namespace. Select the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator. Click the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane tab. Click the name of your control plane, for example basic . To view the resources created by the deployment, click the Resources tab. You can use the filter to narrow your view, for example, to check that all the Pods have a status of running . If the SMCP status indicates any problems, check the status: output in the YAML file for more information. Navigate back to Operators Installed Operators . Select the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. Click the Elasticsearch tab. Click the name of the deployment, for example elasticsearch . To view the resources created by the deployment, click the Resources tab. . If the Status column any problems, check the status: output on the YAML tab for more information. Navigate back to Operators Installed Operators . Select the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator. Click the Jaeger tab. Click the name of your deployment, for example jaeger . To view the resources created by the deployment, click the Resources tab. If the Status column indicates any problems, check the status: output on the YAML tab for more information. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Select the Kiali Operator. Click the Istio Service Mesh Control Plane tab. Click the name of your deployment, for example kiali . To view the resources created by the deployment, click the Resources tab. If the Status column any problems, check the status: output on the YAML tab for more information. From the command line Run the following command to see if the Service Mesh control plane pods are available and running, where istio-system is the namespace where you installed the SMCP. USD oc get pods -n istio-system Example output NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE grafana-6776785cfc-6fz7t 2/2 Running 0 102s istio-egressgateway-5f49dd99-l9ppq 1/1 Running 0 103s istio-ingressgateway-6dc885c48-jjd8r 1/1 Running 0 103s istiod-basic-6c9cc55998-wg4zq 1/1 Running 0 2m14s jaeger-6865d5d8bf-zrfss 2/2 Running 0 100s kiali-579799fbb7-8mwc8 1/1 Running 0 46s prometheus-5c579dfb-6qhjk 2/2 Running 0 115s wasm-cacher-basic-5b99bfcddb-m775l 1/1 Running 0 86s Check the status of the Service Mesh control plane deployment by using the following command. Replace istio-system with the namespace where you deployed the SMCP. USD oc get smcp -n <istio-system> The installation has finished successfully when the STATUS column is ComponentsReady . Example output NAME READY STATUS PROFILES VERSION AGE basic 10/10 ComponentsReady ["default"] 2.1.3 4m2s If you have modified and redeployed your Service Mesh control plane, the status should read UpdateSuccessful . Example output NAME READY STATUS TEMPLATE VERSION AGE basic-install 10/10 UpdateSuccessful default v1.1 3d16h If the SMCP status indicates anything other than ComponentsReady check the status: output in the SCMP resource for more information. USD oc describe smcp <smcp-name> -n <controlplane-namespace> Example output USD oc describe smcp basic -n istio-system Check the status of the Jaeger deployment with the following command, where istio-system is the namespace where you deployed the SMCP. USD oc get jaeger -n <istio-system> Example output NAME STATUS VERSION STRATEGY STORAGE AGE jaeger Running 1.30.0 allinone memory 15m Check the status of the Kiali deployment with the following command, where istio-system is the namespace where you deployed the SMCP. USD oc get kiali -n <istio-system> Example output NAME AGE kiali 15m 1.22.3.1.1. Accessing the Kiali console You can view your application's topology, health, and metrics in the Kiali console. If your service is experiencing problems, the Kiali console lets you view the data flow through your service. You can view insights about the mesh components at different levels, including abstract applications, services, and workloads. Kiali also provides an interactive graph view of your namespace in real time. To access the Kiali console you must have Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installed, Kiali installed and configured. The installation process creates a route to access the Kiali console. If you know the URL for the Kiali console, you can access it directly. If you do not know the URL, use the following directions. Procedure for administrators Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console with an administrator role. Click Home Projects . On the Projects page, if necessary, use the filter to find the name of your project. Click the name of your project, for example, bookinfo . On the Project details page, in the Launcher section, click the Kiali link. Log in to the Kiali console with the same user name and password that you use to access the OpenShift Container Platform console. When you first log in to the Kiali Console, you see the Overview page which displays all the namespaces in your service mesh that you have permission to view. If you are validating the console installation and namespaces have not yet been added to the mesh, there might not be any data to display other than istio-system . Procedure for developers Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console with a developer role. Click Project . On the Project Details page, if necessary, use the filter to find the name of your project. Click the name of your project, for example, bookinfo . On the Project page, in the Launcher section, click the Kiali link. Click Log In With OpenShift . 1.22.3.1.2. Accessing the Jaeger console To access the Jaeger console you must have Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh installed, Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform installed and configured. The installation process creates a route to access the Jaeger console. If you know the URL for the Jaeger console, you can access it directly. If you do not know the URL, use the following directions. Procedure from OpenShift console Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with cluster-admin rights. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Navigate to Networking Routes . On the Routes page, select the Service Mesh control plane project, for example istio-system , from the Namespace menu. The Location column displays the linked address for each route. If necessary, use the filter to find the jaeger route. Click the route Location to launch the console. Click Log In With OpenShift . Procedure from Kiali console Launch the Kiali console. Click Distributed Tracing in the left navigation pane. Click Log In With OpenShift . Procedure from the CLI Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 To query for details of the route using the command line, enter the following command. In this example, istio-system is the Service Mesh control plane namespace. USD export JAEGER_URL=USD(oc get route -n istio-system jaeger -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}') Launch a browser and navigate to https://<JAEGER_URL> , where <JAEGER_URL> is the route that you discovered in the step. Log in using the same user name and password that you use to access the OpenShift Container Platform console. If you have added services to the service mesh and have generated traces, you can use the filters and Find Traces button to search your trace data. If you are validating the console installation, there is no trace data to display. 1.22.3.2. Troubleshooting the Service Mesh control plane If you are experiencing issues while deploying the Service Mesh control plane, Ensure that the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource is installed in a project that is separate from your services and Operators. This documentation uses the istio-system project as an example, but you can deploy your control plane in any project as long as it is separate from the project that contains your Operators and services. Ensure that the ServiceMeshControlPlane and Jaeger custom resources are deployed in the same project. For example, use the istio-system project for both. 1.22.4. Troubleshooting the data plane The data plane is a set of intelligent proxies that intercept and control all inbound and outbound network communications between services in the service mesh. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh relies on a proxy sidecar within the application's pod to provide service mesh capabilities to the application. 1.22.4.1. Troubleshooting sidecar injection Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh does not automatically inject proxy sidecars to pods. You must opt in to sidecar injection. 1.22.4.1.1. Troubleshooting Istio sidecar injection Check to see if automatic injection is enabled in the Deployment for your application. If automatic injection for the Envoy proxy is enabled, there should be a sidecar.istio.io/inject:"true" annotation in the Deployment resource under spec.template.metadata.annotations . 1.22.4.1.2. Troubleshooting Jaeger agent sidecar injection Check to see if automatic injection is enabled in the Deployment for your application. If automatic injection for the Jaeger agent is enabled, there should be a sidecar.jaegertracing.io/inject:"true" annotation in the Deployment resource. For more information about sidecar injection, see Enabling automatic injection 1.23. Troubleshooting Envoy proxy The Envoy proxy intercepts all inbound and outbound traffic for all services in the service mesh. Envoy also collects and reports telemetry on the service mesh. Envoy is deployed as a sidecar to the relevant service in the same pod. 1.23.1. Enabling Envoy access logs Envoy access logs are useful in diagnosing traffic failures and flows, and help with end-to-end traffic flow analysis. To enable access logging for all istio-proxy containers, edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) object to add a file name for the logging output. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. Enter the following command. Then, enter your username and password when prompted. USD oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . USD oc project istio-system Edit the ServiceMeshControlPlane file. USD oc edit smcp <smcp_name> As show in the following example, use name to specify the file name for the proxy log. If you do not specify a value for name , no log entries will be written. spec: proxy: accessLogging: file: name: /dev/stdout #file name For more information about troubleshooting pod issues, see Investigating pod issues 1.23.2. Getting support If you experience difficulty with a procedure described in this documentation, or with OpenShift Container Platform in general, visit the Red Hat Customer Portal . From the Customer Portal, you can: Search or browse through the Red Hat Knowledgebase of articles and solutions relating to Red Hat products. Submit a support case to Red Hat Support. Access other product documentation. To identify issues with your cluster, you can use Insights in OpenShift Cluster Manager . Insights provides details about issues and, if available, information on how to solve a problem. If you have a suggestion for improving this documentation or have found an error, submit a Jira issue for the most relevant documentation component. Please provide specific details, such as the section name and OpenShift Container Platform version. 1.23.2.1. About the Red Hat Knowledgebase The Red Hat Knowledgebase provides rich content aimed at helping you make the most of Red Hat's products and technologies. The Red Hat Knowledgebase consists of articles, product documentation, and videos outlining best practices on installing, configuring, and using Red Hat products. In addition, you can search for solutions to known issues, each providing concise root cause descriptions and remedial steps. 1.23.2.2. Searching the Red Hat Knowledgebase In the event of an OpenShift Container Platform issue, you can perform an initial search to determine if a solution already exists within the Red Hat Knowledgebase. Prerequisites You have a Red Hat Customer Portal account. Procedure Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal . In the main Red Hat Customer Portal search field, input keywords and strings relating to the problem, including: OpenShift Container Platform components (such as etcd ) Related procedure (such as installation ) Warnings, error messages, and other outputs related to explicit failures Click Search . Select the OpenShift Container Platform product filter. Select the Knowledgebase content type filter. 1.23.2.3. About the must-gather tool The oc adm must-gather CLI command collects the information from your cluster that is most likely needed for debugging issues, including: Resource definitions Service logs By default, the oc adm must-gather command uses the default plug-in image and writes into ./must-gather.local . Alternatively, you can collect specific information by running the command with the appropriate arguments as described in the following sections: To collect data related to one or more specific features, use the --image argument with an image, as listed in a following section. For example: USD oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/container-native-virtualization/cnv-must-gather-rhel8:v4.9.0 To collect the audit logs, use the -- /usr/bin/gather_audit_logs argument, as described in a following section. For example: USD oc adm must-gather -- /usr/bin/gather_audit_logs Note Audit logs are not collected as part of the default set of information to reduce the size of the files. When you run oc adm must-gather , a new pod with a random name is created in a new project on the cluster. The data is collected on that pod and saved in a new directory that starts with must-gather.local . This directory is created in the current working directory. For example: NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ... openshift-must-gather-5drcj must-gather-bklx4 2/2 Running 0 72s openshift-must-gather-5drcj must-gather-s8sdh 2/2 Running 0 72s ... 1.23.2.4. About collecting service mesh data You can use the oc adm must-gather CLI command to collect information about your cluster, including features and objects associated with Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Prerequisites Access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. The OpenShift Container Platform CLI ( oc ) installed. Precedure To collect Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh data with must-gather , you must specify the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh image. USD oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel8 To collect Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh data for a specific Service Mesh control plane namespace with must-gather , you must specify the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh image and namespace. In this example, replace <namespace> with your Service Mesh control plane namespace, such as istio-system . USD oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel8 gather <namespace> For prompt support, supply diagnostic information for both OpenShift Container Platform and Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. 1.23.2.5. Submitting a support case Prerequisites You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have a Red Hat Customer Portal account. You have access to OpenShift Cluster Manager . Procedure Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal and select SUPPORT CASES Open a case . Select the appropriate category for your issue (such as Defect / Bug ), product ( OpenShift Container Platform ), and product version ( 4.7 , if this is not already autofilled). Review the list of suggested Red Hat Knowledgebase solutions for a potential match against the problem that is being reported. If the suggested articles do not address the issue, click Continue . Enter a concise but descriptive problem summary and further details about the symptoms being experienced, as well as your expectations. Review the updated list of suggested Red Hat Knowledgebase solutions for a potential match against the problem that is being reported. The list is refined as you provide more information during the case creation process. If the suggested articles do not address the issue, click Continue . Ensure that the account information presented is as expected, and if not, amend accordingly. Check that the autofilled OpenShift Container Platform Cluster ID is correct. If it is not, manually obtain your cluster ID. To manually obtain your cluster ID using the OpenShift Container Platform web console: Navigate to Home Dashboards Overview . Find the value in the Cluster ID field of the Details section. Alternatively, it is possible to open a new support case through the OpenShift Container Platform web console and have your cluster ID autofilled. From the toolbar, navigate to (?) Help Open Support Case . The Cluster ID value is autofilled. To obtain your cluster ID using the OpenShift CLI ( oc ), run the following command: USD oc get clusterversion -o jsonpath='{.items[].spec.clusterID}{"\n"}' Complete the following questions where prompted and then click Continue : Where are you experiencing the behavior? What environment? When does the behavior occur? Frequency? Repeatedly? At certain times? What information can you provide around time-frames and the business impact? Upload relevant diagnostic data files and click Continue . It is recommended to include data gathered using the oc adm must-gather command as a starting point, plus any issue specific data that is not collected by that command. Input relevant case management details and click Continue . Preview the case details and click Submit . 1.24. Service Mesh control plane configuration reference You can customize your Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh by modifying the default ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) resource or by creating a completely custom SMCP resource. This reference section documents the configuration options available for the SMCP resource. 1.24.1. Service Mesh Control plane parameters The following table lists the top-level parameters for the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Table 1.32. ServiceMeshControlPlane resource parameters Name Description Type apiVersion APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an object. Servers convert recognized schemas to the latest internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. The value for the ServiceMeshControlPlane version 2.0 is maistra.io/v2 . The value for ServiceMeshControlPlane version 2.0 is maistra.io/v2 . kind Kind is a string value that represents the REST resource this object represents. ServiceMeshControlPlane is the only valid value for a ServiceMeshControlPlane. metadata Metadata about this ServiceMeshControlPlane instance. You can provide a name for your Service Mesh control plane installation to keep track of your work, for example, basic . string spec The specification of the desired state of this ServiceMeshControlPlane . This includes the configuration options for all components that comprise the Service Mesh control plane. For more information, see Table 2. status The current status of this ServiceMeshControlPlane and the components that comprise the Service Mesh control plane. For more information, see Table 3. The following table lists the specifications for the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Changing these parameters configures Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh components. Table 1.33. ServiceMeshControlPlane resource spec Name Description Configurable parameters addons The addons parameter configures additional features beyond core Service Mesh control plane components, such as visualization, or metric storage. 3scale , grafana , jaeger , kiali , and prometheus . cluster The cluster parameter sets the general configuration of the cluster (cluster name, network name, multi-cluster, mesh expansion, etc.) meshExpansion , multiCluster , name , and network gateways You use the gateways parameter to configure ingress and egress gateways for the mesh. enabled , additionalEgress , additionalIngress , egress , ingress , and openshiftRoute general The general parameter represents general Service Mesh control plane configuration that does not fit anywhere else. logging and validationMessages policy You use the policy parameter to configure policy checking for the Service Mesh control plane. Policy checking can be enabled by setting spec.policy.enabled to true . mixer remote , or type . type can be set to Istiod , Mixer or None . profiles You select the ServiceMeshControlPlane profile to use for default values using the profiles parameter. default proxy You use the proxy parameter to configure the default behavior for sidecars. accessLogging , adminPort , concurrency , and envoyMetricsService runtime You use the runtime parameter to configure the Service Mesh control plane components. components , and defaults security The security parameter allows you to configure aspects of security for the Service Mesh control plane. certificateAuthority , controlPlane , identity , dataPlane and trust techPreview The techPreview parameter enables early access to features that are in technology preview. N/A telemetry If spec.mixer.telemetry.enabled is set to true , telemetry is enabled. mixer , remote , and type . type can be set to Istiod , Mixer or None . tracing You use the tracing parameter to enables distributed tracing for the mesh. sampling , type . type can be set to Jaeger or None . version You use the version parameter to specify what Maistra version of the Service Mesh control plane to install. When creating a ServiceMeshControlPlane with an empty version, the admission webhook sets the version to the current version. New ServiceMeshControlPlanes with an empty version are set to v2.0 . Existing ServiceMeshControlPlanes with an empty version keep their setting. string ControlPlaneStatus represents the current state of your service mesh. Table 1.34. ServiceMeshControlPlane resource ControlPlaneStatus Name Description Type annotations The annotations parameter stores additional, usually redundant status information, such as the number of components deployed by the ServiceMeshControlPlane . These statuses are used by the command line tool, oc , which does not yet allow counting objects in JSONPath expressions. Not configurable conditions Represents the latest available observations of the object's current state. Reconciled indicates whether the operator has finished reconciling the actual state of deployed components with the configuration in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Installed indicates whether the Service Mesh control plane has been installed. Ready indicates whether all Service Mesh control plane components are ready. string components Shows the status of each deployed Service Mesh control plane component. string appliedSpec The resulting specification of the configuration options after all profiles have been applied. ControlPlaneSpec appliedValues The resulting values.yaml used to generate the charts. ControlPlaneSpec chartVersion The version of the charts that were last processed for this resource. string observedGeneration The generation observed by the controller during the most recent reconciliation. The information in the status pertains to this particular generation of the object. The status.conditions are not up-to-date if the status.observedGeneration field doesn't match metadata.generation . integer operatorVersion The version of the operator that last processed this resource. string readiness The readiness status of components & owned resources. string This example ServiceMeshControlPlane definition contains all of the supported parameters. Example ServiceMeshControlPlane resource apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 proxy: runtime: container: resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 128Mi tracing: type: Jaeger gateways: ingress: # istio-ingressgateway service: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: status-port port: 15020 - name: http2 port: 80 targetPort: 8080 - name: https port: 443 targetPort: 8443 meshExpansionPorts: [] egress: # istio-egressgateway service: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: status-port port: 15020 - name: http2 port: 80 targetPort: 8080 - name: https port: 443 targetPort: 8443 additionalIngress: some-other-ingress-gateway: {} additionalEgress: some-other-egress-gateway: {} policy: type: Mixer mixer: # only applies if policy.type: Mixer enableChecks: true failOpen: false telemetry: type: Istiod # or Mixer mixer: # only applies if telemetry.type: Mixer, for v1 telemetry sessionAffinity: false batching: maxEntries: 100 maxTime: 1s adapters: kubernetesenv: true stdio: enabled: true outputAsJSON: true addons: grafana: enabled: true install: config: env: {} envSecrets: {} persistence: enabled: true storageClassName: "" accessMode: ReadWriteOnce capacity: requests: storage: 5Gi service: ingress: contextPath: /grafana tls: termination: reencrypt kiali: name: kiali enabled: true install: # install kiali CR if not present dashboard: viewOnly: false enableGrafana: true enableTracing: true enablePrometheus: true service: ingress: contextPath: /kiali jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Elasticsearch # or Memory memory: maxTraces: 100000 elasticsearch: nodeCount: 3 storage: {} redundancyPolicy: SingleRedundancy indexCleaner: {} ingress: {} # jaeger ingress configuration runtime: components: pilot: deployment: replicas: 2 pod: affinity: {} container: resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 128Mi grafana: deployment: {} pod: {} kiali: deployment: {} pod: {} 1.24.2. spec parameters 1.24.2.1. general parameters Here is an example that illustrates the spec.general parameters for the ServiceMeshControlPlane object and a description of the available parameters with appropriate values. Example general parameters apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: general: logging: componentLevels: {} # misc: error logAsJSON: false validationMessages: true Table 1.35. Istio general parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Use to configure logging for the Service Mesh control plane components. N/A Use to specify the component logging level. Possible values: trace , debug , info , warning , error , fatal , panic . N/A Possible values: trace , debug , info , warning , error , fatal , panic . N/A Use to enable or disable JSON logging. true / false N/A Use to enable or disable validation messages to the status fields of istio.io resources. This can be useful for detecting configuration errors in resources. true / false N/A 1.24.2.2. profiles parameters You can create reusable configurations with ServiceMeshControlPlane object profiles. If you do not configure the profile setting, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses the default profile. Here is an example that illustrates the spec.profiles parameter for the ServiceMeshControlPlane object: Example profiles parameters apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: profiles: - YourProfileName For information about creating profiles, see the Creating control plane profiles . For more detailed examples of security configuration, see Mutual Transport Layer Security (mTLS) . 1.24.2.3. techPreview parameters The spec.techPreview parameter enables early access to features that are in Technology Preview. Important Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see the Technology Preview Support Scope . 1.24.2.4. tracing parameters The following example illustrates the spec.tracing parameters for the ServiceMeshControlPlane object, and a description of the available parameters with appropriate values. Example tracing parameters apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger Table 1.36. Istio tracing parameters Parameter Description Values Default value The sampling rate determines how often the Envoy proxy generates a trace. You use the sampling rate to control what percentage of requests get reported to your tracing system. Integer values between 0 and 10000 representing increments of 0.01% (0 to 100%). For example, setting the value to 10 samples 0.1% of requests, setting the value to 100 will sample 1% of requests setting the value to 500 samples 5% of requests, and a setting of 10000 samples 100% of requests. 10000 (100% of traces) Currently the only tracing type that is supported is Jaeger . Jaeger is enabled by default. To disable tracing, set the type parameter to None . None , Jaeger Jaeger 1.24.2.5. version parameter The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator supports installation of different versions of the ServiceMeshControlPlane . You use the version parameter to specify what version of the Service Mesh control plane to install. If you do not specify a version parameter when creating your SMCP, the Operator sets the value to the latest version: (2.2). Existing ServiceMeshControlPlane objects keep their version setting during upgrades of the Operator. 1.24.2.6. 3scale configuration The following table explains the parameters for the 3scale Istio Adapter in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Example 3scale parameters spec: addons: 3Scale: enabled: false PARAM_THREESCALE_LISTEN_ADDR: 3333 PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_LEVEL: info PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_JSON: true PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_GRPC: false PARAM_THREESCALE_REPORT_METRICS: true PARAM_THREESCALE_METRICS_PORT: 8080 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS: 300 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_SECONDS: 180 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_ENTRIES_MAX: 1000 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_RETRIES: 1 PARAM_THREESCALE_ALLOW_INSECURE_CONN: false PARAM_THREESCALE_CLIENT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: 10 PARAM_THREESCALE_GRPC_CONN_MAX_SECONDS: 60 PARAM_USE_CACHED_BACKEND: false PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS: 15 PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_POLICY_FAIL_CLOSED: true Table 1.37. 3scale parameters Parameter Description Values Default value enabled Whether to use the 3scale adapter true / false false PARAM_THREESCALE_LISTEN_ADDR Sets the listen address for the gRPC server Valid port number 3333 PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_LEVEL Sets the minimum log output level. debug , info , warn , error , or none info PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_JSON Controls whether the log is formatted as JSON true / false true PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_GRPC Controls whether the log contains gRPC info true / false true PARAM_THREESCALE_REPORT_METRICS Controls whether 3scale system and backend metrics are collected and reported to Prometheus true / false true PARAM_THREESCALE_METRICS_PORT Sets the port that the 3scale /metrics endpoint can be scrapped from Valid port number 8080 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS Time period, in seconds, to wait before purging expired items from the cache Time period in seconds 300 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_SECONDS Time period before expiry when cache elements are attempted to be refreshed Time period in seconds 180 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_ENTRIES_MAX Max number of items that can be stored in the cache at any time. Set to 0 to disable caching Valid number 1000 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_RETRIES The number of times unreachable hosts are retried during a cache update loop Valid number 1 PARAM_THREESCALE_ALLOW_INSECURE_CONN Allow to skip certificate verification when calling 3scale APIs. Enabling this is not recommended. true / false false PARAM_THREESCALE_CLIENT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS Sets the number of seconds to wait before terminating requests to 3scale System and Backend Time period in seconds 10 PARAM_THREESCALE_GRPC_CONN_MAX_SECONDS Sets the maximum amount of seconds (+/-10% jitter) a connection may exist before it is closed Time period in seconds 60 PARAM_USE_CACHE_BACKEND If true, attempt to create an in-memory apisonator cache for authorization requests true / false false PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS If the backend cache is enabled, this sets the interval in seconds for flushing the cache against 3scale Time period in seconds 15 PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_POLICY_FAIL_CLOSED Whenever the backend cache cannot retrieve authorization data, whether to deny (closed) or allow (open) requests true / false true 1.24.3. status parameter The status parameter describes the current state of your service mesh. This information is generated by the Operator and is read-only. Table 1.38. Istio status parameters Name Description Type observedGeneration The generation observed by the controller during the most recent reconciliation. The information in the status pertains to this particular generation of the object. The status.conditions are not up-to-date if the status.observedGeneration field doesn't match metadata.generation . integer annotations The annotations parameter stores additional, usually redundant status information, such as the number of components deployed by the ServiceMeshControlPlane object. These statuses are used by the command line tool, oc , which does not yet allow counting objects in JSONPath expressions. Not configurable readiness The readiness status of components and owned resources. string operatorVersion The version of the Operator that last processed this resource. string components Shows the status of each deployed Service Mesh control plane component. string appliedSpec The resulting specification of the configuration options after all profiles have been applied. ControlPlaneSpec conditions Represents the latest available observations of the object's current state. Reconciled indicates that the Operator has finished reconciling the actual state of deployed components with the configuration in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Installed indicates that the Service Mesh control plane has been installed. Ready indicates that all Service Mesh control plane components are ready. string chartVersion The version of the charts that were last processed for this resource. string appliedValues The resulting values.yaml file that was used to generate the charts. ControlPlaneSpec 1.24.4. Additional resources For more information about how to configure the features in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, see the following links: Security Traffic management Metrics and traces 1.25. Kiali configuration reference When the Service Mesh Operator creates the ServiceMeshControlPlane it also processes the Kiali resource. The Kiali Operator then uses this object when creating Kiali instances. 1.25.1. Specifying Kiali configuration in the SMCP You can configure Kiali under the addons section of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Kiali is enabled by default. To disable Kiali, set spec.addons.kiali.enabled to false . You can specify your Kiali configuration in either of two ways: Specify the Kiali configuration in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource under spec.addons.kiali.install . This approach has some limitations, because the complete list of Kiali configurations is not available in the SMCP. Configure and deploy a Kiali instance and specify the name of the Kiali resource as the value for spec.addons.kiali.name in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. You must create the CR in the same namespace as the Service Mesh control plane, for example, istio-system . If a Kiali resource matching the value of name exists, the control plane will configure that Kiali resource for use with the control plane. This approach lets you fully customize your Kiali configuration in the Kiali resource. Note that with this approach, various fields in the Kiali resource are overwritten by the Service Mesh Operator, specifically, the accessible_namespaces list, as well as the endpoints for Grafana, Prometheus, and tracing. Example SMCP parameters for Kiali apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: addons: kiali: name: kiali enabled: true install: dashboard: viewOnly: false enableGrafana: true enableTracing: true enablePrometheus: true service: ingress: contextPath: /kiali Table 1.39. ServiceMeshControlPlane Kiali parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Name of Kiali custom resource. If a Kiali CR matching the value of name exists, the Service Mesh Operator will use that CR for the installation. If no Kiali CR exists, the Operator will create one using this name and the configuration options specified in the SMCP. string kiali This parameter enables or disables Kiali. Kiali is enabled by default. true / false true Install a Kiali resource if the named Kiali resource is not present. The install section is ignored if addons.kiali.enabled is set to false . Configuration parameters for the dashboards shipped with Kiali. This parameter enables or disables view-only mode for the Kiali console. When view-only mode is enabled, users cannot use the Kiali console to make changes to the Service Mesh. true / false false Grafana endpoint configured based on spec.addons.grafana configuration. true / false true Prometheus endpoint configured based on spec.addons.prometheus configuration. true / false true Tracing endpoint configured based on Jaeger custom resource configuration. true / false true Configuration parameters for the Kubernetes service associated with the Kiali installation. Use to specify additional metadata to apply to resources. N/A N/A Use to specify additional annotations to apply to the component's service. string N/A Use to specify additional labels to apply to the component's service. string N/A Use to specify details for accessing the component's service through an OpenShift Route. N/A N/A Use to specify additional annotations to apply to the component's service ingress. string N/A Use to specify additional labels to apply to the component's service ingress. string N/A Use to customize an OpenShift Route for the service associated with a component. true / false true Use to specify the context path to the service. string N/A Use to specify a single hostname per OpenShift route. An empty hostname implies a default hostname for the Route. string N/A Use to configure the TLS for the OpenShift route. N/A Use to specify the nodePort for the component's service Values.<component>.service.nodePort.port integer N/A 1.25.2. Specifying Kiali configuration in a Kiali custom resource You can fully customize your Kiali deployment by configuring Kiali in the Kiali custom resource (CR) rather than in the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) resource. This configuration is sometimes called an "external Kiali" since the configuration is specified outside of the SMCP. Note You must deploy the ServiceMeshControlPlane and Kiali custom resources in the same namespace. For example, istio-system . You can configure and deploy a Kiali instance and then specify the name of the Kiali resource as the value for spec.addons.kiali.name in the SMCP resource. If a Kiali CR matching the value of name exists, the Service Mesh control plane will use the existing installation. This approach lets you fully customize your Kiali configuration. 1.26. Jaeger configuration reference When the Service Mesh Operator deploys the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource, it can also create the resources for distributed tracing. Service Mesh uses Jaeger for distributed tracing. 1.26.1. Enabling and disabling tracing You enable distributed tracing by specifying a tracing type and a sampling rate in the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. Default all-in-one Jaeger parameters apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger Currently, the only tracing type that is supported is Jaeger . Jaeger is enabled by default. To disable tracing, set type to None . The sampling rate determines how often the Envoy proxy generates a trace. You can use the sampling rate option to control what percentage of requests get reported to your tracing system. You can configure this setting based upon your traffic in the mesh and the amount of tracing data you want to collect. You configure sampling as a scaled integer representing 0.01% increments. For example, setting the value to 10 samples 0.1% of traces, setting the value to 500 samples 5% of traces, and a setting of 10000 samples 100% of traces. Note The SMCP sampling configuration option controls the Envoy sampling rate. You configure the Jaeger trace sampling rate in the Jaeger custom resource. 1.26.2. Specifying Jaeger configuration in the SMCP You configure Jaeger under the addons section of the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. However, there are some limitations to what you can configure in the SMCP. When the SMCP passes configuration information to the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator, it triggers one of three deployment strategies: allInOne , production , or streaming . 1.26.3. Deploying the distributed tracing platform The distributed tracing platform has predefined deployment strategies. You specify a deployment strategy in the Jaeger custom resource (CR) file. When you create an instance of the distributed tracing platform, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator uses this configuration file to create the objects necessary for the deployment. The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator currently supports the following deployment strategies: allInOne (default) - This strategy is intended for development, testing, and demo purposes and it is not for production use. The main back-end components, Agent, Collector, and Query service, are all packaged into a single executable, which is configured (by default) to use in-memory storage. You can configure this deployment strategy in the SMCP. Note In-memory storage is not persistent, which means that if the Jaeger instance shuts down, restarts, or is replaced, your trace data will be lost. And in-memory storage cannot be scaled, since each pod has its own memory. For persistent storage, you must use the production or streaming strategies, which use Elasticsearch as the default storage. production - The production strategy is intended for production environments, where long term storage of trace data is important, and a more scalable and highly available architecture is required. Each back-end component is therefore deployed separately. The Agent can be injected as a sidecar on the instrumented application. The Query and Collector services are configured with a supported storage type, which is currently Elasticsearch. Multiple instances of each of these components can be provisioned as required for performance and resilience purposes. You can configure this deployment strategy in the SMCP, but in order to be fully customized, you must specify your configuration in the Jaeger CR and link that to the SMCP. streaming - The streaming strategy is designed to augment the production strategy by providing a streaming capability that sits between the Collector and the Elasticsearch back-end storage. This provides the benefit of reducing the pressure on the back-end storage, under high load situations, and enables other trace post-processing capabilities to tap into the real-time span data directly from the streaming platform ( AMQ Streams / Kafka ). You cannot configure this deployment strategy in the SMCP; you must configure a Jaeger CR and link that to the SMCP. Note The streaming strategy requires an additional Red Hat subscription for AMQ Streams. 1.26.3.1. Default distributed tracing platform deployment If you do not specify Jaeger configuration options, the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource will use the allInOne Jaeger deployment strategy by default. When using the default allInOne deployment strategy, set spec.addons.jaeger.install.storage.type to Memory . You can accept the defaults or specify additional configuration options under install . Control plane default Jaeger parameters (Memory) apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 10000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory 1.26.3.2. Production distributed tracing platform deployment (minimal) To use the default settings for the production deployment strategy, set spec.addons.jaeger.install.storage.type to Elasticsearch and specify additional configuration options under install . Note that the SMCP only supports configuring Elasticsearch resources and image name. Control plane default Jaeger parameters (Elasticsearch) apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 10000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: jaeger #name of Jaeger CR install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true runtime: components: tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: # only supports resources and image name container: resources: {} 1.26.3.3. Production distributed tracing platform deployment (fully customized) The SMCP supports only minimal Elasticsearch parameters. To fully customize your production environment and access all of the Elasticsearch configuration parameters, use the Jaeger custom resource (CR) to configure Jaeger. Create and configure your Jaeger instance and set spec.addons.jaeger.name to the name of the Jaeger instance, in this example: MyJaegerInstance . Control plane with linked Jaeger production CR apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 1000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaegerInstance #name of Jaeger CR install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true 1.26.3.4. Streaming Jaeger deployment To use the streaming deployment strategy, you create and configure your Jaeger instance first, then set spec.addons.jaeger.name to the name of the Jaeger instance, in this example: MyJaegerInstance . Control plane with linked Jaeger streaming CR apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 1000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaegerInstance #name of Jaeger CR 1.26.4. Specifying Jaeger configuration in a Jaeger custom resource You can fully customize your Jaeger deployment by configuring Jaeger in the Jaeger custom resource (CR) rather than in the ServiceMeshControlPlane (SMCP) resource. This configuration is sometimes referred to as an "external Jaeger" since the configuration is specified outside of the SMCP. Note You must deploy the SMCP and Jaeger CR in the same namespace. For example, istio-system . You can configure and deploy a standalone Jaeger instance and then specify the name of the Jaeger resource as the value for spec.addons.jaeger.name in the SMCP resource. If a Jaeger CR matching the value of name exists, the Service Mesh control plane will use the existing installation. This approach lets you fully customize your Jaeger configuration. 1.26.4.1. Deployment best practices Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing instance names must be unique. If you want to have multiple Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform instances and are using sidecar injected agents, then the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform instances should have unique names, and the injection annotation should explicitly specify the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform instance name the tracing data should be reported to. If you have a multitenant implementation and tenants are separated by namespaces, deploy a Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform instance to each tenant namespace. Agent as a daemonset is not supported for multitenant installations or Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated. Agent as a sidecar is the only supported configuration for these use cases. If you are installing distributed tracing as part of Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, the distributed tracing resources must be installed in the same namespace as the ServiceMeshControlPlane resource. For information about configuring persistent storage, see Understanding persistent storage and the appropriate configuration topic for your chosen storage option. 1.26.4.2. Configuring distributed tracing security for service mesh The distributed tracing platform uses OAuth for default authentication. However Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh uses a secret called htpasswd to facilitate communication between dependent services such as Grafana, Kiali, and the distributed tracing platform. When you configure your distributed tracing platform in the ServiceMeshControlPlane the Service Mesh automatically configures security settings to use htpasswd . If you are specifying your distributed tracing platform configuration in a Jaeger custom resource, you must manually configure the htpasswd settings and ensure the htpasswd secret is mounted into your Jaeger instance so that Kiali can communicate with it. 1.26.4.2.1. Configuring distributed tracing security for service mesh from the OpenShift console You can modify the Jaeger resource to configure distributed tracing platform security for use with Service Mesh in the OpenShift console. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator must be installed. The ServiceMeshControlPlane deployed to the cluster. You have access to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as a user with the cluster-admin role. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators. Click the Project menu and select the project where your ServiceMeshControlPlane resource is deployed from the list, for example istio-system . Click the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator . On the Operator Details page, click the Jaeger tab. Click the name of your Jaeger instance. On the Jaeger details page, click the YAML tab to modify your configuration. Edit the Jaeger custom resource file to add the htpasswd configuration as shown in the following example. spec.ingress.openshift.htpasswdFile spec.volumes spec.volumeMounts Example Jaeger resource showing htpasswd configuration apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger spec: ingress: enabled: true openshift: htpasswdFile: /etc/proxy/htpasswd/auth sar: '{"namespace": "istio-system", "resource": "pods", "verb": "get"}' options: {} resources: {} security: oauth-proxy volumes: - name: secret-htpasswd secret: secretName: htpasswd - configMap: defaultMode: 420 items: - key: ca-bundle.crt path: tls-ca-bundle.pem name: trusted-ca-bundle optional: true name: trusted-ca-bundle volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/proxy/htpasswd name: secret-htpasswd - mountPath: /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/ name: trusted-ca-bundle readOnly: true Click Save . 1.26.4.2.2. Configuring distributed tracing security for service mesh from the command line You can modify the Jaeger resource to configure distributed tracing platform security for use with Service Mesh from the command line using the oc utility. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator must be installed. The ServiceMeshControlPlane deployed to the cluster. You have access to the OpenShift CLI (oc) that matches your OpenShift Container Platform version. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. USD oc login https://<HOSTNAME>:6443 Change to the project where you installed the control plane, for example istio-system , by entering the following command: USD oc project istio-system Run the following command to edit the Jaeger custom resource file, where jaeger.yaml is the name of your Jaeger custom resource. USD oc edit -n tracing-system -f jaeger.yaml Edit the Jaeger custom resource file to add the htpasswd configuration as shown in the following example. spec.ingress.openshift.htpasswdFile spec.volumes spec.volumeMounts Example Jaeger resource showing htpasswd configuration apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger spec: ingress: enabled: true openshift: htpasswdFile: /etc/proxy/htpasswd/auth sar: '{"namespace": "istio-system", "resource": "pods", "verb": "get"}' options: {} resources: {} security: oauth-proxy volumes: - name: secret-htpasswd secret: secretName: htpasswd - configMap: defaultMode: 420 items: - key: ca-bundle.crt path: tls-ca-bundle.pem name: trusted-ca-bundle optional: true name: trusted-ca-bundle volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/proxy/htpasswd name: secret-htpasswd - mountPath: /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/ name: trusted-ca-bundle readOnly: true Run the following command to apply your changes, where <jaeger.yaml> is the name of your Jaeger custom resource. USD oc apply -n tracing-system -f <jaeger.yaml> Run the following command to watch the progress of the pod deployment: USD oc get pods -n tracing-system -w 1.26.4.3. Distributed tracing default configuration options The Jaeger custom resource (CR) defines the architecture and settings to be used when creating the distributed tracing platform resources. You can modify these parameters to customize your distributed tracing platform implementation to your business needs. Jaeger generic YAML example apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: name spec: strategy: <deployment_strategy> allInOne: options: {} resources: {} agent: options: {} resources: {} collector: options: {} resources: {} sampling: options: {} storage: type: options: {} query: options: {} resources: {} ingester: options: {} resources: {} options: {} Table 1.40. Jaeger parameters Parameter Description Values Default value apiVersion: API version to use when creating the object. jaegertracing.io/v1 jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Defines the kind of Kubernetes object to create. jaeger metadata: Data that helps uniquely identify the object, including a name string, UID , and optional namespace . OpenShift Container Platform automatically generates the UID and completes the namespace with the name of the project where the object is created. name: Name for the object. The name of your distributed tracing platform instance. jaeger-all-in-one-inmemory spec: Specification for the object to be created. Contains all of the configuration parameters for your distributed tracing platform instance. When a common definition for all Jaeger components is required, it is defined under the spec node. When the definition relates to an individual component, it is placed under the spec/<component> node. N/A strategy: Jaeger deployment strategy allInOne , production , or streaming allInOne allInOne: Because the allInOne image deploys the Agent, Collector, Query, Ingester, and Jaeger UI in a single pod, configuration for this deployment must nest component configuration under the allInOne parameter. agent: Configuration options that define the Agent. collector: Configuration options that define the Jaeger Collector. sampling: Configuration options that define the sampling strategies for tracing. storage: Configuration options that define the storage. All storage-related options must be placed under storage , rather than under the allInOne or other component options. query: Configuration options that define the Query service. ingester: Configuration options that define the Ingester service. The following example YAML is the minimum required to create a Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform deployment using the default settings. Example minimum required dist-tracing-all-in-one.yaml apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: jaeger-all-in-one-inmemory 1.26.4.4. Jaeger Collector configuration options The Jaeger Collector is the component responsible for receiving the spans that were captured by the tracer and writing them to persistent Elasticsearch storage when using the production strategy, or to AMQ Streams when using the streaming strategy. The Collectors are stateless and thus many instances of Jaeger Collector can be run in parallel. Collectors require almost no configuration, except for the location of the Elasticsearch cluster. Table 1.41. Parameters used by the Operator to define the Jaeger Collector Parameter Description Values Specifies the number of Collector replicas to create. Integer, for example, 5 Table 1.42. Configuration parameters passed to the Collector Parameter Description Values Configuration options that define the Jaeger Collector. The number of workers pulling from the queue. Integer, for example, 50 The size of the Collector queue. Integer, for example, 2000 The topic parameter identifies the Kafka configuration used by the Collector to produce the messages, and the Ingester to consume the messages. Label for the producer. Identifies the Kafka configuration used by the Collector to produce the messages. If brokers are not specified, and you have AMQ Streams 1.4.0+ installed, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator will self-provision Kafka. Logging level for the Collector. Possible values: debug , info , warn , error , fatal , panic . 1.26.4.5. Distributed tracing sampling configuration options The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator can be used to define sampling strategies that will be supplied to tracers that have been configured to use a remote sampler. While all traces are generated, only a few are sampled. Sampling a trace marks the trace for further processing and storage. Note This is not relevant if a trace was started by the Envoy proxy, as the sampling decision is made there. The Jaeger sampling decision is only relevant when the trace is started by an application using the client. When a service receives a request that contains no trace context, the client starts a new trace, assigns it a random trace ID, and makes a sampling decision based on the currently installed sampling strategy. The sampling decision propagates to all subsequent requests in the trace so that other services are not making the sampling decision again. distributed tracing platform libraries support the following samplers: Probabilistic - The sampler makes a random sampling decision with the probability of sampling equal to the value of the sampling.param property. For example, using sampling.param=0.1 samples approximately 1 in 10 traces. Rate Limiting - The sampler uses a leaky bucket rate limiter to ensure that traces are sampled with a certain constant rate. For example, using sampling.param=2.0 samples requests with the rate of 2 traces per second. Table 1.43. Jaeger sampling options Parameter Description Values Default value Configuration options that define the sampling strategies for tracing. If you do not provide configuration, the Collectors will return the default probabilistic sampling policy with 0.001 (0.1%) probability for all services. Sampling strategy to use. See descriptions above. Valid values are probabilistic , and ratelimiting . probabilistic Parameters for the selected sampling strategy. Decimal and integer values (0, .1, 1, 10) 1 This example defines a default sampling strategy that is probabilistic, with a 50% chance of the trace instances being sampled. Probabilistic sampling example apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: with-sampling spec: sampling: options: default_strategy: type: probabilistic param: 0.5 service_strategies: - service: alpha type: probabilistic param: 0.8 operation_strategies: - operation: op1 type: probabilistic param: 0.2 - operation: op2 type: probabilistic param: 0.4 - service: beta type: ratelimiting param: 5 If there are no user-supplied configurations, the distributed tracing platform uses the following settings: Default sampling spec: sampling: options: default_strategy: type: probabilistic param: 1 1.26.4.6. Distributed tracing storage configuration options You configure storage for the Collector, Ingester, and Query services under spec.storage . Multiple instances of each of these components can be provisioned as required for performance and resilience purposes. Table 1.44. General storage parameters used by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator to define distributed tracing storage Parameter Description Values Default value Type of storage to use for the deployment. memory or elasticsearch . Memory storage is only appropriate for development, testing, demonstrations, and proof of concept environments as the data does not persist if the pod is shut down. For production environments distributed tracing platform supports Elasticsearch for persistent storage. memory Name of the secret, for example tracing-secret . N/A Configuration options that define the storage. Table 1.45. Elasticsearch index cleaner parameters Parameter Description Values Default value When using Elasticsearch storage, by default a job is created to clean old traces from the index. This parameter enables or disables the index cleaner job. true / false true Number of days to wait before deleting an index. Integer value 7 Defines the schedule for how often to clean the Elasticsearch index. Cron expression "55 23 * * *" 1.26.4.6.1. Auto-provisioning an Elasticsearch instance When you deploy a Jaeger custom resource, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator uses the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator to create an Elasticsearch cluster based on the configuration provided in the storage section of the custom resource file. The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator will provision Elasticsearch if the following configurations are set: spec.storage:type is set to elasticsearch spec.storage.elasticsearch.doNotProvision set to false spec.storage.options.es.server-urls is not defined, that is, there is no connection to an Elasticsearch instance that was not provisioned by the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator. When provisioning Elasticsearch, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator sets the Elasticsearch custom resource name to the value of spec.storage.elasticsearch.name from the Jaeger custom resource. If you do not specify a value for spec.storage.elasticsearch.name , the Operator uses elasticsearch . Restrictions You can have only one distributed tracing platform with self-provisioned Elasticsearch instance per namespace. The Elasticsearch cluster is meant to be dedicated for a single distributed tracing platform instance. There can be only one Elasticsearch per namespace. Note If you already have installed Elasticsearch as part of OpenShift Logging, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator can use the installed OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator to provision storage. The following configuration parameters are for a self-provisioned Elasticsearch instance, that is an instance created by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator using the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. You specify configuration options for self-provisioned Elasticsearch under spec:storage:elasticsearch in your configuration file. Table 1.46. Elasticsearch resource configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Use to specify whether or not an Elasticsearch instance should be provisioned by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator. true / false true Name of the Elasticsearch instance. The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator uses the Elasticsearch instance specified in this parameter to connect to Elasticsearch. string elasticsearch Number of Elasticsearch nodes. For high availability use at least 3 nodes. Do not use 2 nodes as "split brain" problem can happen. Integer value. For example, Proof of concept = 1, Minimum deployment =3 3 Number of central processing units for requests, based on your environment's configuration. Specified in cores or millicores, for example, 200m, 0.5, 1. For example, Proof of concept = 500m, Minimum deployment =1 1 Available memory for requests, based on your environment's configuration. Specified in bytes, for example, 200Ki, 50Mi, 5Gi. For example, Proof of concept = 1Gi, Minimum deployment = 16Gi* 16Gi Limit on number of central processing units, based on your environment's configuration. Specified in cores or millicores, for example, 200m, 0.5, 1. For example, Proof of concept = 500m, Minimum deployment =1 Available memory limit based on your environment's configuration. Specified in bytes, for example, 200Ki, 50Mi, 5Gi. For example, Proof of concept = 1Gi, Minimum deployment = 16Gi* Data replication policy defines how Elasticsearch shards are replicated across data nodes in the cluster. If not specified, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator automatically determines the most appropriate replication based on number of nodes. ZeroRedundancy (no replica shards), SingleRedundancy (one replica shard), MultipleRedundancy (each index is spread over half of the Data nodes), FullRedundancy (each index is fully replicated on every Data node in the cluster). Use to specify whether or not distributed tracing platform should use the certificate management feature of the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator. This feature was added to logging subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift 5.2 in OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 and is the preferred setting for new Jaeger deployments. true / false true *Each Elasticsearch node can operate with a lower memory setting though this is NOT recommended for production deployments. For production use, you should have no less than 16Gi allocated to each pod by default, but preferably allocate as much as you can, up to 64Gi per pod. Production storage example apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: nodeCount: 3 resources: requests: cpu: 1 memory: 16Gi limits: memory: 16Gi Storage example with persistent storage: apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: nodeCount: 1 storage: 1 storageClassName: gp2 size: 5Gi resources: requests: cpu: 200m memory: 4Gi limits: memory: 4Gi redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy 1 Persistent storage configuration. In this case AWS gp2 with 5Gi size. When no value is specified, distributed tracing platform uses emptyDir . The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator provisions PersistentVolumeClaim and PersistentVolume which are not removed with distributed tracing platform instance. You can mount the same volumes if you create a distributed tracing platform instance with the same name and namespace. 1.26.4.6.2. Connecting to an existing Elasticsearch instance You can use an existing Elasticsearch cluster for storage with distributed tracing. An existing Elasticsearch cluster, also known as an external Elasticsearch instance, is an instance that was not installed by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator or by the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator. When you deploy a Jaeger custom resource, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator will not provision Elasticsearch if the following configurations are set: spec.storage.elasticsearch.doNotProvision set to true spec.storage.options.es.server-urls has a value spec.storage.elasticsearch.name has a value, or if the Elasticsearch instance name is elasticsearch . The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator uses the Elasticsearch instance specified in spec.storage.elasticsearch.name to connect to Elasticsearch. Restrictions You cannot share or reuse a OpenShift Container Platform logging Elasticsearch instance with distributed tracing platform. The Elasticsearch cluster is meant to be dedicated for a single distributed tracing platform instance. Note Red Hat does not provide support for your external Elasticsearch instance. You can review the tested integrations matrix on the Customer Portal . The following configuration parameters are for an already existing Elasticsearch instance, also known as an external Elasticsearch instance. In this case, you specify configuration options for Elasticsearch under spec:storage:options:es in your custom resource file. Table 1.47. General ES configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value URL of the Elasticsearch instance. The fully-qualified domain name of the Elasticsearch server. http://elasticsearch.<namespace>.svc:9200 The maximum document count to return from an Elasticsearch query. This will also apply to aggregations. If you set both es.max-doc-count and es.max-num-spans , Elasticsearch will use the smaller value of the two. 10000 [ Deprecated - Will be removed in a future release, use es.max-doc-count instead.] The maximum number of spans to fetch at a time, per query, in Elasticsearch. If you set both es.max-num-spans and es.max-doc-count , Elasticsearch will use the smaller value of the two. 10000 The maximum lookback for spans in Elasticsearch. 72h0m0s The sniffer configuration for Elasticsearch. The client uses the sniffing process to find all nodes automatically. Disabled by default. true / false false Option to enable TLS when sniffing an Elasticsearch Cluster. The client uses the sniffing process to find all nodes automatically. Disabled by default true / false false Timeout used for queries. When set to zero there is no timeout. 0s The username required by Elasticsearch. The basic authentication also loads CA if it is specified. See also es.password . The password required by Elasticsearch. See also, es.username . The major Elasticsearch version. If not specified, the value will be auto-detected from Elasticsearch. 0 Table 1.48. ES data replication parameters Parameter Description Values Default value The number of replicas per index in Elasticsearch. 1 The number of shards per index in Elasticsearch. 5 Table 1.49. ES index configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Automatically create index templates at application startup when set to true . When templates are installed manually, set to false . true / false true Optional prefix for distributed tracing platform indices. For example, setting this to "production" creates indices named "production-tracing-*". Table 1.50. ES bulk processor configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value The number of requests that can be added to the queue before the bulk processor decides to commit updates to disk. 1000 A time.Duration after which bulk requests are committed, regardless of other thresholds. To disable the bulk processor flush interval, set this to zero. 200ms The number of bytes that the bulk requests can take up before the bulk processor decides to commit updates to disk. 5000000 The number of workers that are able to receive and commit bulk requests to Elasticsearch. 1 Table 1.51. ES TLS configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value Path to a TLS Certification Authority (CA) file used to verify the remote servers. Will use the system truststore by default. Path to a TLS Certificate file, used to identify this process to the remote servers. Enable transport layer security (TLS) when talking to the remote servers. Disabled by default. true / false false Path to a TLS Private Key file, used to identify this process to the remote servers. Override the expected TLS server name in the certificate of the remote servers. Path to a file containing the bearer token. This flag also loads the Certification Authority (CA) file if it is specified. Table 1.52. ES archive configuration parameters Parameter Description Values Default value The number of requests that can be added to the queue before the bulk processor decides to commit updates to disk. 0 A time.Duration after which bulk requests are committed, regardless of other thresholds. To disable the bulk processor flush interval, set this to zero. 0s The number of bytes that the bulk requests can take up before the bulk processor decides to commit updates to disk. 0 The number of workers that are able to receive and commit bulk requests to Elasticsearch. 0 Automatically create index templates at application startup when set to true . When templates are installed manually, set to false . true / false false Enable extra storage. true / false false Optional prefix for distributed tracing platform indices. For example, setting this to "production" creates indices named "production-tracing-*". The maximum document count to return from an Elasticsearch query. This will also apply to aggregations. 0 [ Deprecated - Will be removed in a future release, use es-archive.max-doc-count instead.] The maximum number of spans to fetch at a time, per query, in Elasticsearch. 0 The maximum lookback for spans in Elasticsearch. 0s The number of replicas per index in Elasticsearch. 0 The number of shards per index in Elasticsearch. 0 The password required by Elasticsearch. See also, es.username . The comma-separated list of Elasticsearch servers. Must be specified as fully qualified URLs, for example, http://localhost:9200 . The sniffer configuration for Elasticsearch. The client uses the sniffing process to find all nodes automatically. Disabled by default. true / false false Option to enable TLS when sniffing an Elasticsearch Cluster. The client uses the sniffing process to find all nodes automatically. Disabled by default. true / false false Timeout used for queries. When set to zero there is no timeout. 0s Path to a TLS Certification Authority (CA) file used to verify the remote servers. Will use the system truststore by default. Path to a TLS Certificate file, used to identify this process to the remote servers. Enable transport layer security (TLS) when talking to the remote servers. Disabled by default. true / false false Path to a TLS Private Key file, used to identify this process to the remote servers. Override the expected TLS server name in the certificate of the remote servers. Path to a file containing the bearer token. This flag also loads the Certification Authority (CA) file if it is specified. The username required by Elasticsearch. The basic authentication also loads CA if it is specified. See also es-archive.password . The major Elasticsearch version. If not specified, the value will be auto-detected from Elasticsearch. 0 Storage example with volume mounts apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: https://quickstart-es-http.default.svc:9200 index-prefix: my-prefix tls: ca: /es/certificates/ca.crt secretName: tracing-secret volumeMounts: - name: certificates mountPath: /es/certificates/ readOnly: true volumes: - name: certificates secret: secretName: quickstart-es-http-certs-public The following example shows a Jaeger CR using an external Elasticsearch cluster with TLS CA certificate mounted from a volume and user/password stored in a secret. External Elasticsearch example: apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: https://quickstart-es-http.default.svc:9200 1 index-prefix: my-prefix tls: 2 ca: /es/certificates/ca.crt secretName: tracing-secret 3 volumeMounts: 4 - name: certificates mountPath: /es/certificates/ readOnly: true volumes: - name: certificates secret: secretName: quickstart-es-http-certs-public 1 URL to Elasticsearch service running in default namespace. 2 TLS configuration. In this case only CA certificate, but it can also contain es.tls.key and es.tls.cert when using mutual TLS. 3 Secret which defines environment variables ES_PASSWORD and ES_USERNAME. Created by kubectl create secret generic tracing-secret --from-literal=ES_PASSWORD=changeme --from-literal=ES_USERNAME=elastic 4 Volume mounts and volumes which are mounted into all storage components. 1.26.4.7. Managing certificates with Elasticsearch You can create and manage certificates using the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator. Managing certificates using the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator also lets you use a single Elasticsearch cluster with multiple Jaeger Collectors. Important Managing certificates with Elasticsearch is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/ . Starting with version 2.4, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator delegates certificate creation to the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator by using the following annotations in the Elasticsearch custom resource: logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert-management: "true" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.jaeger-<shared-es-node-name>: "user.jaeger" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.curator-<shared-es-node-name>: "system.logging.curator" Where the <shared-es-node-name> is the name of the Elasticsearch node. For example, if you create an Elasticsearch node named custom-es , your custom resource might look like the following example. Example Elasticsearch CR showing annotations apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1 kind: Elasticsearch metadata: annotations: logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert-management: "true" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.jaeger-custom-es: "user.jaeger" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.curator-custom-es: "system.logging.curator" name: custom-es spec: managementState: Managed nodeSpec: resources: limits: memory: 16Gi requests: cpu: 1 memory: 16Gi nodes: - nodeCount: 3 proxyResources: {} resources: {} roles: - master - client - data storage: {} redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy Prerequisites OpenShift Container Platform 4.7 logging subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift 5.2 The Elasticsearch node and the Jaeger instances must be deployed in the same namespace. For example, tracing-system . You enable certificate management by setting spec.storage.elasticsearch.useCertManagement to true in the Jaeger custom resource. Example showing useCertManagement apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: jaeger-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: name: custom-es doNotProvision: true useCertManagement: true The Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator sets the Elasticsearch custom resource name to the value of spec.storage.elasticsearch.name from the Jaeger custom resource when provisioning Elasticsearch. The certificates are provisioned by the Red Hat Elasticsearch Operator and the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator injects the certificates. For more information about configuring Elasticsearch with OpenShift Container Platform, see Configuring the log store or Configuring and deploying distributed tracing . 1.26.4.8. Query configuration options Query is a service that retrieves traces from storage and hosts the user interface to display them. Table 1.53. Parameters used by the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator to define Query Parameter Description Values Default value Specifies the number of Query replicas to create. Integer, for example, 2 Table 1.54. Configuration parameters passed to Query Parameter Description Values Default value Configuration options that define the Query service. Logging level for Query. Possible values: debug , info , warn , error , fatal , panic . The base path for all jaeger-query HTTP routes can be set to a non-root value, for example, /jaeger would cause all UI URLs to start with /jaeger . This can be useful when running jaeger-query behind a reverse proxy. /<path> Sample Query configuration apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: "Jaeger" metadata: name: "my-jaeger" spec: strategy: allInOne allInOne: options: log-level: debug query: base-path: /jaeger 1.26.4.9. Ingester configuration options Ingester is a service that reads from a Kafka topic and writes to the Elasticsearch storage backend. If you are using the allInOne or production deployment strategies, you do not need to configure the Ingester service. Table 1.55. Jaeger parameters passed to the Ingester Parameter Description Values Configuration options that define the Ingester service. Specifies the interval, in seconds or minutes, that the Ingester must wait for a message before terminating. The deadlock interval is disabled by default (set to 0 ), to avoid terminating the Ingester when no messages arrive during system initialization. Minutes and seconds, for example, 1m0s . Default value is 0 . The topic parameter identifies the Kafka configuration used by the collector to produce the messages, and the Ingester to consume the messages. Label for the consumer. For example, jaeger-spans . Identifies the Kafka configuration used by the Ingester to consume the messages. Label for the broker, for example, my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092 . Logging level for the Ingester. Possible values: debug , info , warn , error , fatal , dpanic , panic . Streaming Collector and Ingester example apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-streaming spec: strategy: streaming collector: options: kafka: producer: topic: jaeger-spans brokers: my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092 ingester: options: kafka: consumer: topic: jaeger-spans brokers: my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092 ingester: deadlockInterval: 5 storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: http://elasticsearch:9200 1.27. Uninstalling Service Mesh To uninstall Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh from an existing OpenShift Container Platform instance and remove its resources, you must delete the control plane, delete the Operators, and run commands to manually remove some resources. 1.27.1. Removing the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane To uninstall Service Mesh from an existing OpenShift Container Platform instance, first you delete the Service Mesh control plane and the Operators. Then, you run commands to remove residual resources. 1.27.1.1. Removing the Service Mesh control plane using the web console You can remove the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane by using the web console. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Click the Project menu and select the project where you installed the Service Mesh control plane, for example istio-system . Navigate to Operators Installed Operators . Click Service Mesh Control Plane under Provided APIs . Click the ServiceMeshControlPlane menu . Click Delete Service Mesh Control Plane . Click Delete on the confirmation dialog window to remove the ServiceMeshControlPlane . 1.27.1.2. Removing the Service Mesh control plane using the CLI You can remove the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh control plane by using the CLI. In this example, istio-system is the name of the control plane project. Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI. Run the following command to delete the ServiceMeshMemberRoll resource. USD oc delete smmr -n istio-system default Run this command to retrieve the name of the installed ServiceMeshControlPlane : USD oc get smcp -n istio-system Replace <name_of_custom_resource> with the output from the command, and run this command to remove the custom resource: USD oc delete smcp -n istio-system <name_of_custom_resource> 1.27.2. Removing the installed Operators You must remove the Operators to successfully remove Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. After you remove the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator, you must remove the Kiali Operator, the Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform Operator, and the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. 1.27.2.1. Removing the Operators Follow this procedure to remove the Operators that make up Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh. Repeat the steps for each of the following Operators. Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Kiali Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing platform OpenShift Elasticsearch Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console. From the Operators Installed Operators page, scroll or type a keyword into the Filter by name to find each Operator. Then, click the Operator name. On the the Operator Details page, select Uninstall Operator from the Actions menu. Follow the prompts to uninstall each Operator. 1.27.3. Clean up Operator resources You can manually remove resources left behind after removing the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator using the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Prerequisites An account with cluster administration access. If you use Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated, you must have an account with the dedicated-admin role. Access to the OpenShift Container Platform Command-line Interface (CLI) also known as oc . Procedure Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform CLI as a cluster administrator. Run the following commands to clean up resources after uninstalling the Operators. If you intend to keep using distributed tracing platform as a stand-alone service without service mesh, do not delete the Jaeger resources. Note The OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator is installed in openshift-operators-redhat by default. The other Operators are installed in the openshift-operators namespace by default. If you installed the Operators in another namespace, replace openshift-operators with the name of the project where the Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator was installed. USD oc delete validatingwebhookconfiguration/openshift-operators.servicemesh-resources.maistra.io USD oc delete mutatingwebhookconfiguration/openshift-operators.servicemesh-resources.maistra.io USD oc delete svc maistra-admission-controller -n openshift-operators USD oc -n openshift-operators delete ds -lmaistra-version USD oc delete clusterrole/istio-admin clusterrole/istio-cni clusterrolebinding/istio-cni USD oc delete clusterrole istio-view istio-edit USD oc delete clusterrole jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-admin jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-crdview jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-edit jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-view USD oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.istio\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete USD oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.maistra\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete USD oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.kiali\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete USD oc delete crds jaegers.jaegertracing.io USD oc delete cm -n openshift-operators maistra-operator-cabundle USD oc delete cm -n openshift-operators istio-cni-config USD oc delete sa -n openshift-operators istio-cni

Commands:
spec: runtime: components: pilot: container: env: PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API: true PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API_STATUS: true # and optionally, for the deployment controller PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API_DEPLOYMENT_CONTROLLER: true
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: trust: manageNetworkPolicy: false
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: techPreview: meshConfig: defaultConfig: proxyMetadata: HTTP_STRIP_FRAGMENT_FROM_PATH_UNSAFE_IF_DISABLED: "false"
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin namespace: foo spec: action: DENY rules: - from: - source: namespaces: ["dev"] to: - operation: hosts: ["httpbin.com","httpbin.com:*"]
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin namespace: default spec: action: DENY rules: - to: - operation: hosts: ["httpbin.example.com:*"]
spec: techPreview: global: pathNormalization: <option>
oc create -f <myEnvoyFilterFile>
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: EnvoyFilter metadata: name: ingress-case-insensitive namespace: istio-system spec: configPatches: - applyTo: HTTP_FILTER match: context: GATEWAY listener: filterChain: filter: name: "envoy.filters.network.http_connection_manager" subFilter: name: "envoy.filters.http.router" patch: operation: INSERT_BEFORE value: name: envoy.lua typed_config: "@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.http.lua.v3.Lua" inlineCode: | function envoy_on_request(request_handle) local path = request_handle:headers():get(":path") request_handle:headers():replace(":path", string.lower(path)) end
api: namespaces: exclude: - "^istio-operator" - "^kube-.*" - "^openshift.*" - "^ibm.*" - "^kiali-operator"
spec: proxy: networking: trafficControl: inbound: excludedPorts: - 15020
level: warn
ts: 1642438880.918793
caller: channelz/logging.go:62
msg: [core]grpc: Server.Serve failed to create ServerTransport: connection error: desc = "transport: http2Server.HandleStreams received bogus greeting from client: \"\\x16\\x03\\x01\\x02\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x01\\xfc\\x03\\x03vw\\x1a\\xc9T\\xe7\\xdaCj\\xb7\\x8dK\\xa6\""
system: grpc
grpc_log: yes
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin-usernamepolicy spec: action: ALLOW rules: - when: - key: 'request.regex.headers[username]' values: - "allowed.*" selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc new-project istio-system
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 tracing: type: Jaeger sampling: 10000 addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory kiali: enabled: true name: kiali grafana: enabled: true
oc create -n istio-system -f <istio_installation.yaml>
oc get pods -n istio-system -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE grafana-b4d59bd7-mrgbr 2/2 Running 0 65m istio-egressgateway-678dc97b4c-wrjkp 1/1 Running 0 108s istio-ingressgateway-b45c9d54d-4qg6n 1/1 Running 0 108s istiod-basic-55d78bbbcd-j5556 1/1 Running 0 108s jaeger-67c75bd6dc-jv6k6 2/2 Running 0 65m kiali-6476c7656c-x5msp 1/1 Running 0 43m prometheus-58954b8d6b-m5std 2/2 Running 0 66m wasm-cacher-basic-8c986c75-vj2cd 1/1 Running 0 65m
oc login https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc get smcp -n istio-system
NAME READY STATUS PROFILES VERSION AGE basic 10/10 ComponentsReady ["default"] 2.1.1 66m
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 security: identity: type: ThirdParty #required setting for ROSA tracing: type: Jaeger sampling: 10000 policy: type: Istiod addons: grafana: enabled: true jaeger: install: storage: type: Memory kiali: enabled: true prometheus: enabled: true telemetry: type: Istiod
apiVersion: kiali.io/v1alpha1 kind: Kiali metadata: name: kiali namespace: istio-system spec: auth: strategy: openshift deployment: accessible_namespaces: #restricted setting for ROSA - istio-system image_pull_policy: '' ingress_enabled: true namespace: istio-system
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc new-project <your-project>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default namespace: istio-system spec: members: # a list of projects joined into the service mesh - your-project-name - another-project-name
oc create -n istio-system -f servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml
oc get smmr -n istio-system default
oc edit smmr -n <controlplane-namespace>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default namespace: istio-system #control plane project spec: members: # a list of projects joined into the service mesh - your-project-name - another-project-name
oc new-project bookinfo
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMemberRoll metadata: name: default spec: members: - bookinfo
oc create -n istio-system -f servicemeshmemberroll-default.yaml
oc get smmr -n istio-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS AGE MEMBERS default 1/1 Configured 70s ["bookinfo"]
oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml
service/details created serviceaccount/bookinfo-details created deployment.apps/details-v1 created service/ratings created serviceaccount/bookinfo-ratings created deployment.apps/ratings-v1 created service/reviews created serviceaccount/bookinfo-reviews created deployment.apps/reviews-v1 created deployment.apps/reviews-v2 created deployment.apps/reviews-v3 created service/productpage created serviceaccount/bookinfo-productpage created deployment.apps/productpage-v1 created
oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml
gateway.networking.istio.io/bookinfo-gateway created virtualservice.networking.istio.io/bookinfo created
export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/destination-rule-all.yaml
oc apply -n bookinfo -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/destination-rule-all-mtls.yaml
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/productpage created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/reviews created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/ratings created destinationrule.networking.istio.io/details created
oc get pods -n bookinfo
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE details-v1-55b869668-jh7hb 2/2 Running 0 12m productpage-v1-6fc77ff794-nsl8r 2/2 Running 0 12m ratings-v1-7d7d8d8b56-55scn 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v1-868597db96-bdxgq 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v2-5b64f47978-cvssp 2/2 Running 0 12m reviews-v3-6dfd49b55b-vcwpf 2/2 Running 0 12m
echo "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage"
oc delete project bookinfo
oc -n istio-system patch --type='json' smmr default -p '[{"op": "remove", "path": "/spec/members", "value":["'"bookinfo"'"]}]'
oc get deployment -n <namespace>
get deployment -n bookinfo ratings-v1 -o yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: ratings-v1 namespace: bookinfo labels: app: ratings version: v1 spec: template: metadata: annotations: sidecar.istio.io/inject: 'true'
oc apply -n <namespace> -f deployment.yaml
oc apply -n bookinfo -f deployment-ratings-v1.yaml
oc get deployment -n <namespace> <deploymentName> -o yaml
oc get deployment -n bookinfo ratings-v1 -o yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: resource spec: replicas: 7 selector: matchLabels: app: resource template: metadata: annotations: sidecar.maistra.io/proxyEnv: "{ \"maistra_test_env\": \"env_value\", \"maistra_test_env_2\": \"env_value_2\" }"
oc patch deployment/<deployment> -p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"annotations":{"kubectl.kubernetes.io/restartedAt": "'`date -Iseconds`'"}}}}}'
An error occurred admission webhook smcp.validation.maistra.io denied the request: [support for policy.type "Mixer" and policy.Mixer options have been removed in v2.1, please use another alternative, support for telemetry.type "Mixer" and telemetry.Mixer options have been removed in v2.1, please use another alternative]"
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: policy: type: Istiod telemetry: type: Istiod version: v2.2
oc project istio-system
oc get smcp -o yaml
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2
oc get smcp -o yaml
oc get smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> > smcp-resource.yaml #Edit the smcp-resource.yaml file. oc replace -f smcp-resource.yaml
oc patch smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> --type json --patch '[{"op": "replace","path":"/spec/path/to/bad/setting","value":"corrected-value"}]'
oc edit smcp.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name>
oc project istio-system
oc get servicemeshcontrolplanes.v1.maistra.io <smcp_name> -o yaml > <smcp_name>.v1.yaml
oc get smcp <smcp_name> -o yaml > <smcp_name>.v2.yaml
oc new-project istio-system-upgrade
oc create -n istio-system-upgrade -f <smcp_name>.v2.yaml
spec: policy: type: Mixer
spec: telemetry: type: Mixer
apiVersion: authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: Policy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-disable namespace: <namespace> spec: targets: - name: productpage
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-disable namespace: <namespace> spec: mtls: mode: DISABLE selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage
apiVersion: authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: Policy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: targets: - name: productpage ports: - number: 9000 peers: - mtls: origins: - jwt: issuer: "https://securetoken.google.com" audiences: - "productpage" jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs" jwtHeaders: - "x-goog-iap-jwt-assertion" triggerRules: - excludedPaths: - exact: /health_check principalBinding: USE_ORIGIN
#require mtls for productpage:9000 apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage portLevelMtls: 9000: mode: STRICT --- #JWT authentication for productpage apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: "https://securetoken.google.com" audiences: - "productpage" jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs" fromHeaders: - name: "x-goog-iap-jwt-assertion" --- #Require JWT token to access product page service from #any client to all paths except /health_check apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: productpage-mTLS-with-JWT namespace: <namespace> spec: action: ALLOW selector: matchLabels: # this should match the selector for the "productpage" service app: productpage rules: - to: # require JWT token to access all other paths - operation: notPaths: - /health_check from: - source: # if using principalBinding: USE_PEER in the Policy, # then use principals, e.g. # principals: # - "*" requestPrincipals: - "*" - to: # no JWT token required to access health_check - operation: paths: - /health_check
spec: tracing: sampling: 100 # 1% type: Jaeger
spec: addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory # or Elasticsearch for production mode memory: maxTraces: 100000 elasticsearch: # the following values only apply if storage:type:=Elasticsearch storage: # specific storageclass configuration for the Jaeger Elasticsearch (optional) size: "100G" storageClassName: "storageclass" nodeCount: 3 redundancyPolicy: SingleRedundancy runtime: components: tracing.jaeger: {} # general Jaeger specific runtime configuration (optional) tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: #runtime configuration for Jaeger Elasticsearch deployment (optional) container: resources: requests: memory: "1Gi" cpu: "500m" limits: memory: "1Gi"
spec: addons: grafana: enabled: true install: {} # customize install kiali: enabled: true name: kiali install: {} # customize install
oc rollout restart <deployment>
oc policy add-role-to-user -n istio-system --role-namespace istio-system mesh-user <user_name>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshMember metadata: name: default spec: controlPlaneRef: namespace: istio-system name: basic
oc policy add-role-to-user
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: namespace: istio-system name: mesh-users roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: mesh-user subjects: - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: User name: alice
oc create configmap --from-file=<profiles-directory> smcp-templates -n openshift-operators
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: profiles: - default
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: version: v2.2 security: dataPlane: mtls: true
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: PeerAuthentication metadata: name: default namespace: <namespace> spec: mtls: mode: STRICT
oc create -n <namespace> -f <policy.yaml>
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: default namespace: <namespace> spec: host: "*.<namespace>.svc.cluster.local" trafficPolicy: tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
oc create -n <namespace> -f <destination-rule.yaml>
kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: controlPlane: tls: minProtocolVersion: TLSv1_2
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: ingress-policy namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: istio-ingressgateway action: DENY rules: - from: - source: ipBlocks: ["1.2.3.4"]
oc create -n istio-system -f <filename>
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: httpbin-deny namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin version: v1 action: DENY rules: - from: - source: notNamespaces: ["bookinfo"]
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: allow-all namespace: bookinfo spec: action: ALLOW rules: - {}
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: deny-all namespace: bookinfo spec: {}
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: ingress-policy namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: istio-ingressgateway action: ALLOW rules: - from: - source: ipBlocks: ["1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.0/24"]
apiVersion: "security.istio.io/v1beta1" kind: "RequestAuthentication" metadata: name: "jwt-example" namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin jwtRules: - issuer: "http://localhost:8080/auth/realms/master" jwksUri: "http://keycloak.default.svc:8080/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/certs"
apiVersion: "security.istio.io/v1beta1" kind: "AuthorizationPolicy" metadata: name: "frontend-ingress" namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin action: DENY rules: - from: - source: notRequestPrincipals: ["*"]
oc create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --from-file=<path>/ca-cert.pem --from-file=<path>/ca-key.pem --from-file=<path>/root-cert.pem --from-file=<path>/cert-chain.pem
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: dataPlane: mtls: true certificateAuthority: type: Istiod istiod: type: PrivateKey privateKey: rootCADir: /etc/cacerts
oc -n istio-system delete pods -l 'app in (istiod,istio-ingressgateway, istio-egressgateway)'
oc -n bookinfo delete pods --all
pod "details-v1-6cd699df8c-j54nh" deleted pod "productpage-v1-5ddcb4b84f-mtmf2" deleted pod "ratings-v1-bdbcc68bc-kmng4" deleted pod "reviews-v1-754ddd7b6f-lqhsv" deleted pod "reviews-v2-675679877f-q67r2" deleted pod "reviews-v3-79d7549c7-c2gjs" deleted
oc get pods -n bookinfo
sleep 60 oc -n bookinfo exec "USD(oc -n bookinfo get pod -l app=productpage -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c istio-proxy -- openssl s_client -showcerts -connect details:9080 > bookinfo-proxy-cert.txt sed -n '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/{:start /-----END CERTIFICATE-----/!{N;b start};/.*/p}' bookinfo-proxy-cert.txt > certs.pem awk 'BEGIN {counter=0;} /BEGIN CERT/{counter++} { print > "proxy-cert-" counter ".pem"}' < certs.pem
openssl x509 -in <path>/root-cert.pem -text -noout > /tmp/root-cert.crt.txt
openssl x509 -in ./proxy-cert-3.pem -text -noout > /tmp/pod-root-cert.crt.txt
diff -s /tmp/root-cert.crt.txt /tmp/pod-root-cert.crt.txt
openssl x509 -in <path>/ca-cert.pem -text -noout > /tmp/ca-cert.crt.txt
openssl x509 -in ./proxy-cert-2.pem -text -noout > /tmp/pod-cert-chain-ca.crt.txt
diff -s /tmp/ca-cert.crt.txt /tmp/pod-cert-chain-ca.crt.txt
openssl verify -CAfile <(cat <path>/ca-cert.pem <path>/root-cert.pem) ./proxy-cert-1.pem
oc delete secret cacerts -n istio-system
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: dataPlane: mtls: true
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: ext-host-gwy spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default controller servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS hosts: - ext-host.example.com tls: mode: SIMPLE serverCertificate: /tmp/tls.crt privateKey: /tmp/tls.key
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: virtual-svc spec: hosts: - ext-host.example.com gateways: - ext-host-gwy
oc get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system
export INGRESS_HOST=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
export INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].port}')
export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].port}')
export TCP_INGRESS_PORT=USD(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="tcp")].port}')
export INGRESS_HOST=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}')
export INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].nodePort}')
export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].nodePort}')
export TCP_INGRESS_PORT=USD(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="tcp")].nodePort}')
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: bookinfo-gateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - "*"
oc apply -f gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: bookinfo spec: hosts: - "*" gateways: - bookinfo-gateway http: - match: - uri: exact: /productpage - uri: prefix: /static - uri: exact: /login - uri: exact: /logout - uri: prefix: /api/v1/products route: - destination: host: productpage port: number: 9080
oc apply -f vs.yaml
export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
export TARGET_PORT=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.port.targetPort}')
curl -s -I "USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage"
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: gateway1 spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - www.bookinfo.com - bookinfo.example.com
oc -n istio-system get routes
NAME HOST/PORT PATH SERVICES PORT TERMINATION WILDCARD gateway1-lvlfn bookinfo.example.com istio-ingressgateway <all> None gateway1-scqhv www.bookinfo.com istio-ingressgateway <all> None
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1alpha1 kind: metadata: namespace: istio-system spec: gateways: openshiftRoute: enabled: false
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: svc-entry spec: hosts: - ext-svc.example.com ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: ext-res-dr spec: host: ext-svc.example.com trafficPolicy: tls: mode: MUTUAL clientCertificate: /etc/certs/myclientcert.pem privateKey: /etc/certs/client_private_key.pem caCertificates: /etc/certs/rootcacerts.pem
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: reviews spec: hosts: - reviews http: - match: - headers: end-user: exact: jason route: - destination: host: reviews subset: v2 - route: - destination: host: reviews subset: v3
oc apply -f <VirtualService.yaml>
spec: hosts:
spec: http: - match:
spec: http: - match: - destination:
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: my-destination-rule spec: host: my-svc trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: RANDOM subsets: - name: v1 labels: version: v1 - name: v2 labels: version: v2 trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN - name: v3 labels: version: v3
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane spec: security: manageNetworkPolicy: false
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Sidecar metadata: name: default namespace: bookinfo spec: egress: - hosts: - "./*" - "istio-system/*"
oc apply -f sidecar.yaml
oc get sidecar
oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-all-v1.yaml
oc get virtualservices -o yaml
export GATEWAY_URL=USD(oc -n istio-system get route istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
echo "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage"
oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Maistra/istio/maistra-2.2/samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-reviews-test-v2.yaml
oc get virtualservice reviews -o yaml
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project istio-system
oc get routes
NAME HOST/PORT SERVICES PORT TERMINATION bookinfo-gateway bookinfo-gateway-yourcompany.com istio-ingressgateway http2 grafana grafana-yourcompany.com grafana <all> reencrypt/Redirect istio-ingressgateway istio-ingress-yourcompany.com istio-ingressgateway 8080 jaeger jaeger-yourcompany.com jaeger-query <all> reencrypt kiali kiali-yourcompany.com kiali 20001 reencrypt/Redirect prometheus prometheus-yourcompany.com prometheus <all> reencrypt/Redirect
curl "http://USDGATEWAY_URL/productpage"
spec: addons: jaeger: name: distr-tracing-production
spec: tracing: sampling: 100
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
export JAEGER_URL=USD(oc get route -n istio-system jaeger -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic namespace: istio-system spec: version: v2.2 proxy: runtime: container: resources: requests: cpu: 600m memory: 50Mi limits: {} runtime: components: pilot: container: resources: requests: cpu: 1000m memory: 1.6Gi limits: {}
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaeger install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true runtime: components: tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: # only supports resources and image name container: resources: {}
oc get smcp basic -o yaml
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: version: v2.2 runtime: defaults: container: imagePullPolicy: Always gateways: additionalEgress: egress-green-mesh: enabled: true requestedNetworkView: - green-network routerMode: sni-dnat service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/egress-for: egress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: http-discovery #note HTTP here egress-blue-mesh: enabled: true requestedNetworkView: - blue-network routerMode: sni-dnat service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/egress-for: egress-blue-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: http-discovery #note HTTP here additionalIngress: ingress-green-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: LoadBalancer metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: https-discovery #note HTTPS here ingress-blue-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: LoadBalancer metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-blue-mesh ports: - port: 15443 name: tls - port: 8188 name: https-discovery #note HTTPS here security: trust: domain: red-mesh.local
spec: cluster: name:
spec: cluster: network:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>: enabled:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>: requestedNetworkView:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>: routerMode:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>: service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/egress-for:
spec: gateways: additionalEgress: <egressName>: service: ports:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress:
spec: gateways: additionalIgress: <ingressName>: enabled:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: routerMode:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: service: type:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: service: type:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: service: metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: service: ports:
spec: gateways: additionalIngress: <ingressName>: service: ports: nodePort:
gateways: additionalIngress: ingress-green-mesh: enabled: true routerMode: sni-dnat service: type: NodePort metadata: labels: federation.maistra.io/ingress-for: ingress-green-mesh ports: - port: 15443 nodePort: 30510 name: tls - port: 8188 nodePort: 32359 name: https-discovery
kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: security: trust: domain: red-mesh.local
spec: security: trust: domain:
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project red-mesh-system
oc edit -n red-mesh-system smcp red-mesh
oc get smcp -n red-mesh-system
NAME READY STATUS PROFILES VERSION AGE red-mesh 10/10 ComponentsReady ["default"] 2.1.0 4m25s
kind: ServiceMeshPeer apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: remote: addresses: - ingress-red-mesh.green-mesh-system.apps.domain.com gateways: ingress: name: ingress-green-mesh egress: name: egress-green-mesh security: trustDomain: green-mesh.local clientID: green-mesh.local/ns/green-mesh-system/sa/egress-red-mesh-service-account certificateChain: kind: ConfigMap name: green-mesh-ca-root-cert
metadata: name:
metadata: namespace:
spec: remote: addresses:
spec: remote: discoveryPort:
spec: remote: servicePort:
spec: gateways: ingress: name:
spec: gateways: egress: name:
spec: security: trustDomain:
spec: security: clientID:
spec: security: certificateChain: kind: ConfigMap name:
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project red-mesh-system
kind: ServiceMeshPeer apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: remote: addresses: - ingress-red-mesh.green-mesh-system.apps.domain.com gateways: ingress: name: ingress-green-mesh egress: name: egress-green-mesh security: trustDomain: green-mesh.local clientID: green-mesh.local/ns/green-mesh-system/sa/egress-red-mesh-service-account certificateChain: kind: ConfigMap name: green-mesh-ca-root-cert
oc create -n red-mesh-system -f servicemeshpeer.yaml
oc -n red-mesh-system get servicemeshpeer green-mesh -o yaml
status: discoveryStatus: active: - pod: istiod-red-mesh-b65457658-9wq5j remotes: - connected: true lastConnected: "2021-10-05T13:02:25Z" lastFullSync: "2021-10-05T13:02:25Z" source: 10.128.2.149 watch: connected: true lastConnected: "2021-10-05T13:02:55Z" lastDisconnectStatus: 503 Service Unavailable lastFullSync: "2021-10-05T13:05:43Z"
kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: # export ratings.mesh-x-bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: red-ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings # export any service in red-mesh-bookinfo namespace with label export-service=true - type: LabelSelector labelSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo selector: matchLabels: export-service: "true" aliases: # export all matching services as if they were in the bookinfo namespace - namespace: "*" name: "*" alias: namespace: bookinfo
metadata: name:
metadata: namespace:
spec: exportRules: - type:
spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: name:
spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: alias: namespace: name:
spec: exportRules: - type: LabelSelector labelSelector: namespace: <exportingMesh> selector: matchLabels: <labelKey>: <labelValue>
spec: exportRules: - type: LabelSelector labelSelector: namespace: <exportingMesh> selector: matchLabels: <labelKey>: <labelValue> aliases: - namespace: name: alias: namespace: name:
kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: blue-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: "*" name: ratings
kind: ExportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: west-data-center name: "*"
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project red-mesh-system
apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 kind: ExportedServiceSet metadata: name: green-mesh namespace: red-mesh-system spec: exportRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: red-ratings - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo name: reviews
oc create -n <ControlPlaneNamespace> -f <ExportedServiceSet.yaml>
oc create -n red-mesh-system -f export-to-green-mesh.yaml
oc get exportedserviceset <PeerMeshExportedTo> -o yaml
oc get exportedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml
oc get exportedserviceset <PeerMeshExportedTo> -o yaml
oc -n red-mesh-system get exportedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml
status: exportedServices: - exportedName: red-ratings.bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: ratings.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.cluster.local name: ratings namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo - exportedName: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.cluster.local name: reviews namespace: red-mesh-bookinfo
kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh #name of mesh that exported the service namespace: green-mesh-system #mesh namespace that service is being imported into spec: importRules: # first matching rule is used # import ratings.bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings alias: # service will be imported as ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local namespace: bookinfo name: ratings
metadata: name:
metadata: namespace:
spec: importRules: - type:
spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: name:
spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal:
spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector nameSelector: namespace: name: alias: namespace: name:
kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: blue-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings
kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: green-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: west-data-center name: "*"
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project green-mesh-system
kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh namespace: green-mesh-system spec: importRules: - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: false nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: red-ratings alias: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings
oc create -n <ControlPlaneNamespace> -f <ImportedServiceSet.yaml>
oc create -n green-mesh-system -f import-from-red-mesh.yaml
oc get importedserviceset <PeerMeshImportedInto> -o yaml
oc get importedserviceset green-mesh -o yaml
oc get importedserviceset <PeerMeshImportedInto> -o yaml
oc -n green-mesh-system get importedserviceset/red-mesh -o yaml
status: importedServices: - exportedName: red-ratings.bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local name: ratings namespace: bookinfo - exportedName: reviews.red-mesh-bookinfo.svc.green-mesh-exports.local localService: hostname: "" name: "" namespace: ""
kind: ImportedServiceSet apiVersion: federation.maistra.io/v1 metadata: name: red-mesh #name of mesh that exported the service namespace: green-mesh-system #mesh namespace that service is being imported into spec: importRules: # first matching rule is used # import ratings.bookinfo as ratings.bookinfo - type: NameSelector importAsLocal: true nameSelector: namespace: bookinfo name: ratings alias: # service will be imported as ratings.bookinfo.svc.red-mesh-imports.local namespace: bookinfo name: ratings #Locality within which imported services should be associated. locality: region: us-west
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project <smcp-system>
oc project green-mesh-system
oc edit -n <smcp-system> -f <ImportedServiceSet.yaml>
oc edit -n green-mesh-system -f import-from-red-mesh.yaml
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> <API token> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project <smcp-system>
oc project green-mesh-system
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: default-failover namespace: bookinfo spec: host: "ratings.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local" trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: localityLbSetting: enabled: true failover: - from: us-east to: us-west outlierDetection: consecutive5xxErrors: 3 interval: 10s baseEjectionTime: 1m
oc create -n <application namespace> -f <DestinationRule.yaml>
oc create -n bookinfo -f green-mesh-us-west-DestinationRule.yaml
apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-ingress spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: file:///opt/filters/openid.wasm sha256: 1ef0c9a92b0420cf25f7fe5d481b231464bc88f486ca3b9c83ed5cc21d2f6210 phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress
apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: oci://private-registry:5000/openid-connect/openid:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent imagePullSecret: private-registry-pull-secret phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress
apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: openid-connect namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway url: oci://private-registry:5000/openid-connect/openid:latest imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent imagePullSecret: private-registry-pull-secret phase: AUTHN pluginConfig: openid_server: authn openid_realm: ingress
oc apply -f plugin.yaml
schemaVersion: 1 name: <your-extension> description: <description> version: 1.0.0 phase: PreAuthZ priority: 100 module: extension.wasm
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: workloadSelector: labels: app: httpbin config: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value image: quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100
oc apply -f <extension>.yaml
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: workloadSelector: labels: app: httpbin config: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value image: quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.2 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100
apiVersion: extensions.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: WasmPlugin metadata: name: header-append namespace: istio-system spec: selector: matchLabels: app: httpbin url: oci://quay.io/maistra-dev/header-append-filter:2.2 phase: STATS pluginConfig: first-header: some-value another-header: another-value
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth namespace: bookinfo 1 spec: workloadSelector: 2 labels: app: productpage config: <yaml_configuration> image: registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/3scale-auth-wasm-rhel8:0.0.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100
oc apply -f threescale-wasm-auth-bookinfo.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: threescale-saas-backend spec: hosts: - su1.3scale.net ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: threescale-saas-system spec: hosts: - multitenant.3scale.net ports: - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS location: MESH_EXTERNAL resolution: DNS
oc apply -f <filename.yml>
echo -n "<filename.yml>" | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth namespace: bookinfo spec: config: api: v1
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: system: name: saas_porta upstream: <object> token: myaccount_token ttl: 300
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 upstream: name: outbound|443||multitenant.3scale.net url: "https://myaccount-admin.3scale.net/" timeout: 5000
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: backend: name: backend upstream: <object>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: services: - id: "2555417834789" token: service_token authorities: - "*.app" - 0.0.0.0 - "0.0.0.0:8443" credentials: <object> mapping_rules: <object>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: services: - credentials: user_key: <array_of_lookup_queries> app_id: <array_of_lookup_queries> app_key: <array_of_lookup_queries>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: services: - credentials: user_key: - <source_type>: <object> - <source_type>: <object> app_id: - <source_type>: <object> app_key: - <source_type>: <object>
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-wasm-auth spec: config: mapping_rules: - method: GET pattern: / usages: - name: hits delta: 1 - method: GET pattern: /products/ usages: - name: products delta: 1 - method: ANY pattern: /products/{id}/sold usages: - name: sales delta: 1 - name: products delta: 1
credentials: user_key: - query_string: keys: - user_key - header: keys: - user_key
credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - app_id - query_string: keys: - app_id app_key: - header: keys: - app_key - query_string: keys: - app_key
aladdin:opensesame: Authorization: Basic YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l
credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - authorization ops: - split: separator: " " max: 2 - length: min: 2 - drop: head: 1 - base64_urlsafe - split: max: 2 app_key: - header: keys: - app_key
credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - authorization ops: - split: separator: " " max: 2 - length: min: 2 - reverse - glob: - Basic - drop: tail: 1 - base64_urlsafe - split: max: 2 - test: if: length: min: 2 then: - strlen: max: 63 - or: - strlen: min: 1 - drop: tail: 1 - assert: - and: - reverse - or: - strlen: min: 8 - glob: - aladdin - admin
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: jwt-example namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak jwksUri: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak/protocol/openid-connect/certs
credentials: app_id: - filter: path: - envoy.filters.http.jwt_authn - "0" keys: - azp - aud ops: - take: head: 1
credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - x-jwt-payload ops: - base64_urlsafe - json: - keys: - azp - aud - take: head: 1
apiVersion: maistra.io/v1 kind: ServiceMeshExtension metadata: name: threescale-auth spec: image: registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/3scale-auth-wasm-rhel8:0.0.1 phase: PostAuthZ priority: 100 workloadSelector: labels: app: productpage config: api: v1 system: name: system-name upstream: name: outbound|443||multitenant.3scale.net url: https://istiodevel-admin.3scale.net/ timeout: 5000 token: atoken backend: name: backend-name upstream: name: outbound|443||su1.3scale.net url: https://su1.3scale.net/ timeout: 5000 extensions: - no_body services: - id: '2555417834780' token: service_token authorities: - "*" credentials: app_id: - header: keys: - app_id - query_string: keys: - app_id - application_id app_key: - header: keys: - app_key - query_string: keys: - app_key - application_key user_key: - query_string: keys: - user_key - header: keys: - user_key mapping_rules: - method: GET pattern: "/" usages: - name: Hits delta: 1 - method: GET pattern: "/o{*}c" usages: - name: oidc delta: 1 - name: Hits delta: 1 - method: any pattern: "/{anything}?bigsale={*}" usages: - name: sale delta: 5
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: handler metadata: name: threescale spec: adapter: threescale params: system_url: "https://<organization>-admin.3scale.net/" access_token: "<ACCESS_TOKEN>" connection: address: "threescale-istio-adapter:3333"
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: rule metadata: name: threescale spec: match: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net"] == "true" actions: - handler: threescale.handler instances: - threescale-authorization.instance
3scale-config-gen --name=admin-credentials --url="https://<organization>-admin.3scale.net:443" --token="[redacted]"
3scale-config-gen --url="https://<organization>-admin.3scale.net" --name="my-unique-id" --service="123456789" --token="[redacted]"
export NS="istio-system" URL="https://replaceme-admin.3scale.net:443" NAME="name" TOKEN="token" exec -n USD{NS} USD(oc get po -n USD{NS} -o jsonpath='{.items[?(@.metadata.labels.app=="3scale-istio-adapter")].metadata.name}') -it -- ./3scale-config-gen --url USD{URL} --name USD{NAME} --token USD{TOKEN} -n USD{NS}
export CREDENTIALS_NAME="replace-me" export SERVICE_ID="replace-me" export DEPLOYMENT="replace-me" patch="USD(oc get deployment "USD{DEPLOYMENT}" patch="USD(oc get deployment "USD{DEPLOYMENT}" --template='{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{ {{ range USDk,USDv := .spec.template.metadata.labels }}"{{ USDk }}":"{{ USDv }}",{{ end }}"service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id":"'"USD{SERVICE_ID}"'","service-mesh.3scale.net/credentials":"'"USD{CREDENTIALS_NAME}"'"}}}}}' )" patch deployment "USD{DEPLOYMENT}" --patch ''"USD{patch}"''
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization namespace: istio-system spec: template: authorization params: subject: user: request.query_params["user_key"] | request.headers["user-key"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get"
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization namespace: istio-system spec: template: authorization params: subject: app_id: request.query_params["app_id"] | request.headers["app-id"] | "" app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get"
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization spec: template: threescale-authorization params: subject: properties: app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" client_id: request.auth.claims["azp"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" service: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id"] | ""
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1 kind: RequestAuthentication metadata: name: jwt-example namespace: bookinfo spec: selector: matchLabels: app: productpage jwtRules: - issuer: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak jwksUri: >- http://keycloak-keycloak.34.242.107.254.nip.io/auth/realms/3scale-keycloak/protocol/openid-connect/certs
apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2" kind: instance metadata: name: threescale-authorization spec: template: authorization params: subject: user: request.query_params["user_key"] | request.headers["user-key"] | properties: app_id: request.query_params["app_id"] | request.headers["app-id"] | "" app_key: request.query_params["app_key"] | request.headers["app-key"] | "" client_id: request.auth.claims["azp"] | "" action: path: request.url_path method: request.method | "get" service: destination.labels["service-mesh.3scale.net/service-id"] | ""
oc get pods -n <istio-system>
oc logs <istio-system>
oc get pods -n openshift-operators
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE istio-operator-bb49787db-zgr87 1/1 Running 0 15s jaeger-operator-7d5c4f57d8-9xphf 1/1 Running 0 2m42s kiali-operator-f9c8d84f4-7xh2v 1/1 Running 0 64s
oc get pods -n openshift-operators-redhat
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE elasticsearch-operator-d4f59b968-796vq 1/1 Running 0 15s
oc logs -n openshift-operators <podName>
oc logs -n openshift-operators istio-operator-bb49787db-zgr87
oc get pods -n istio-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE grafana-6776785cfc-6fz7t 2/2 Running 0 102s istio-egressgateway-5f49dd99-l9ppq 1/1 Running 0 103s istio-ingressgateway-6dc885c48-jjd8r 1/1 Running 0 103s istiod-basic-6c9cc55998-wg4zq 1/1 Running 0 2m14s jaeger-6865d5d8bf-zrfss 2/2 Running 0 100s kiali-579799fbb7-8mwc8 1/1 Running 0 46s prometheus-5c579dfb-6qhjk 2/2 Running 0 115s wasm-cacher-basic-5b99bfcddb-m775l 1/1 Running 0 86s
oc get smcp -n <istio-system>
NAME READY STATUS PROFILES VERSION AGE basic 10/10 ComponentsReady ["default"] 2.1.3 4m2s
NAME READY STATUS TEMPLATE VERSION AGE basic-install 10/10 UpdateSuccessful default v1.1 3d16h
oc describe smcp <smcp-name> -n <controlplane-namespace>
oc describe smcp basic -n istio-system
oc get jaeger -n <istio-system>
NAME STATUS VERSION STRATEGY STORAGE AGE jaeger Running 1.30.0 allinone memory 15m
oc get kiali -n <istio-system>
NAME AGE kiali 15m
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
export JAEGER_URL=USD(oc get route -n istio-system jaeger -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')
oc login --username=<NAMEOFUSER> https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project istio-system
oc edit smcp <smcp_name>
spec: proxy: accessLogging: file: name: /dev/stdout #file name
oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/container-native-virtualization/cnv-must-gather-rhel8:v4.9.0
oc adm must-gather -- /usr/bin/gather_audit_logs
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE openshift-must-gather-5drcj must-gather-bklx4 2/2 Running 0 72s openshift-must-gather-5drcj must-gather-s8sdh 2/2 Running 0 72s
oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel8
oc adm must-gather --image=registry.redhat.io/openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel8 gather <namespace>
oc get clusterversion -o jsonpath='{.items[].spec.clusterID}{"\n"}'
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 proxy: runtime: container: resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 128Mi tracing: type: Jaeger gateways: ingress: # istio-ingressgateway service: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: status-port port: 15020 - name: http2 port: 80 targetPort: 8080 - name: https port: 443 targetPort: 8443 meshExpansionPorts: [] egress: # istio-egressgateway service: type: ClusterIP ports: - name: status-port port: 15020 - name: http2 port: 80 targetPort: 8080 - name: https port: 443 targetPort: 8443 additionalIngress: some-other-ingress-gateway: {} additionalEgress: some-other-egress-gateway: {} policy: type: Mixer mixer: # only applies if policy.type: Mixer enableChecks: true failOpen: false telemetry: type: Istiod # or Mixer mixer: # only applies if telemetry.type: Mixer, for v1 telemetry sessionAffinity: false batching: maxEntries: 100 maxTime: 1s adapters: kubernetesenv: true stdio: enabled: true outputAsJSON: true addons: grafana: enabled: true install: config: env: {} envSecrets: {} persistence: enabled: true storageClassName: "" accessMode: ReadWriteOnce capacity: requests: storage: 5Gi service: ingress: contextPath: /grafana tls: termination: reencrypt kiali: name: kiali enabled: true install: # install kiali CR if not present dashboard: viewOnly: false enableGrafana: true enableTracing: true enablePrometheus: true service: ingress: contextPath: /kiali jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Elasticsearch # or Memory memory: maxTraces: 100000 elasticsearch: nodeCount: 3 storage: {} redundancyPolicy: SingleRedundancy indexCleaner: {} ingress: {} # jaeger ingress configuration runtime: components: pilot: deployment: replicas: 2 pod: affinity: {} container: resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 500m memory: 128Mi grafana: deployment: {} pod: {} kiali: deployment: {} pod: {}
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: general: logging: componentLevels: {} # misc: error logAsJSON: false validationMessages: true
logging:
logging: componentLevels:
logging: logLevels:
logging: logAsJSON:
validationMessages:
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: profiles: - YourProfileName
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger
tracing: sampling:
tracing: type:
spec: addons: 3Scale: enabled: false PARAM_THREESCALE_LISTEN_ADDR: 3333 PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_LEVEL: info PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_JSON: true PARAM_THREESCALE_LOG_GRPC: false PARAM_THREESCALE_REPORT_METRICS: true PARAM_THREESCALE_METRICS_PORT: 8080 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS: 300 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_SECONDS: 180 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_ENTRIES_MAX: 1000 PARAM_THREESCALE_CACHE_REFRESH_RETRIES: 1 PARAM_THREESCALE_ALLOW_INSECURE_CONN: false PARAM_THREESCALE_CLIENT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: 10 PARAM_THREESCALE_GRPC_CONN_MAX_SECONDS: 60 PARAM_USE_CACHED_BACKEND: false PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS: 15 PARAM_BACKEND_CACHE_POLICY_FAIL_CLOSED: true
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: addons: kiali: name: kiali enabled: true install: dashboard: viewOnly: false enableGrafana: true enableTracing: true enablePrometheus: true service: ingress: contextPath: /kiali
spec: addons: kiali: name:
kiali: enabled:
kiali: install:
kiali: install: dashboard:
kiali: install: dashboard: viewOnly:
kiali: install: dashboard: enableGrafana:
kiali: install: dashboard: enablePrometheus:
kiali: install: dashboard: enableTracing:
kiali: install: service:
kiali: install: service: metadata:
kiali: install: service: metadata: annotations:
kiali: install: service: metadata: labels:
kiali: install: service: ingress:
kiali: install: service: ingress: metadata: annotations:
kiali: install: service: ingress: metadata: labels:
kiali: install: service: ingress: enabled:
kiali: install: service: ingress: contextPath:
install: service: ingress: hosts:
install: service: ingress: tls:
kiali: install: service: nodePort:
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 100 type: Jaeger
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 10000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: jaeger install: storage: type: Memory
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 10000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: jaeger #name of Jaeger CR install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true runtime: components: tracing.jaeger.elasticsearch: # only supports resources and image name container: resources: {}
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 1000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaegerInstance #name of Jaeger CR install: storage: type: Elasticsearch ingress: enabled: true
apiVersion: maistra.io/v2 kind: ServiceMeshControlPlane metadata: name: basic spec: version: v2.2 tracing: sampling: 1000 type: Jaeger addons: jaeger: name: MyJaegerInstance #name of Jaeger CR
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger spec: ingress: enabled: true openshift: htpasswdFile: /etc/proxy/htpasswd/auth sar: '{"namespace": "istio-system", "resource": "pods", "verb": "get"}' options: {} resources: {} security: oauth-proxy volumes: - name: secret-htpasswd secret: secretName: htpasswd - configMap: defaultMode: 420 items: - key: ca-bundle.crt path: tls-ca-bundle.pem name: trusted-ca-bundle optional: true name: trusted-ca-bundle volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/proxy/htpasswd name: secret-htpasswd - mountPath: /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/ name: trusted-ca-bundle readOnly: true
oc login https://<HOSTNAME>:6443
oc project istio-system
oc edit -n tracing-system -f jaeger.yaml
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger spec: ingress: enabled: true openshift: htpasswdFile: /etc/proxy/htpasswd/auth sar: '{"namespace": "istio-system", "resource": "pods", "verb": "get"}' options: {} resources: {} security: oauth-proxy volumes: - name: secret-htpasswd secret: secretName: htpasswd - configMap: defaultMode: 420 items: - key: ca-bundle.crt path: tls-ca-bundle.pem name: trusted-ca-bundle optional: true name: trusted-ca-bundle volumeMounts: - mountPath: /etc/proxy/htpasswd name: secret-htpasswd - mountPath: /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/ name: trusted-ca-bundle readOnly: true
oc apply -n tracing-system -f <jaeger.yaml>
oc get pods -n tracing-system -w
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: name spec: strategy: <deployment_strategy> allInOne: options: {} resources: {} agent: options: {} resources: {} collector: options: {} resources: {} sampling: options: {} storage: type: options: {} query: options: {} resources: {} ingester: options: {} resources: {} options: {}
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: jaeger-all-in-one-inmemory
collector: replicas:
spec: collector: options: {}
options: collector: num-workers:
options: collector: queue-size:
options: kafka: producer: topic: jaeger-spans
options: kafka: producer: brokers: my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092
options: log-level:
spec: sampling: options: {} default_strategy: service_strategy:
default_strategy: type: service_strategy: type:
default_strategy: param: service_strategy: param:
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: with-sampling spec: sampling: options: default_strategy: type: probabilistic param: 0.5 service_strategies: - service: alpha type: probabilistic param: 0.8 operation_strategies: - operation: op1 type: probabilistic param: 0.2 - operation: op2 type: probabilistic param: 0.4 - service: beta type: ratelimiting param: 5
spec: sampling: options: default_strategy: type: probabilistic param: 1
spec: storage: type:
storage: secretname:
storage: options: {}
storage: esIndexCleaner: enabled:
storage: esIndexCleaner: numberOfDays:
storage: esIndexCleaner: schedule:
elasticsearch: properties: doNotProvision:
elasticsearch: properties: name:
elasticsearch: nodeCount:
elasticsearch: resources: requests: cpu:
elasticsearch: resources: requests: memory:
elasticsearch: resources: limits: cpu:
elasticsearch: resources: limits: memory:
elasticsearch: redundancyPolicy:
elasticsearch: useCertManagement:
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: nodeCount: 3 resources: requests: cpu: 1 memory: 16Gi limits: memory: 16Gi
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: nodeCount: 1 storage: 1 storageClassName: gp2 size: 5Gi resources: requests: cpu: 200m memory: 4Gi limits: memory: 4Gi redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy
es: server-urls:
es: max-doc-count:
es: max-num-spans:
es: max-span-age:
es: sniffer:
es: sniffer-tls-enabled:
es: timeout:
es: username:
es: password:
es: version:
es: num-replicas:
es: num-shards:
es: create-index-templates:
es: index-prefix:
es: bulk: actions:
es: bulk: flush-interval:
es: bulk: size:
es: bulk: workers:
es: tls: ca:
es: tls: cert:
es: tls: enabled:
es: tls: key:
es: tls: server-name:
es: token-file:
es-archive: bulk: actions:
es-archive: bulk: flush-interval:
es-archive: bulk: size:
es-archive: bulk: workers:
es-archive: create-index-templates:
es-archive: enabled:
es-archive: index-prefix:
es-archive: max-doc-count:
es-archive: max-num-spans:
es-archive: max-span-age:
es-archive: num-replicas:
es-archive: num-shards:
es-archive: password:
es-archive: server-urls:
es-archive: sniffer:
es-archive: sniffer-tls-enabled:
es-archive: timeout:
es-archive: tls: ca:
es-archive: tls: cert:
es-archive: tls: enabled:
es-archive: tls: key:
es-archive: tls: server-name:
es-archive: token-file:
es-archive: username:
es-archive: version:
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: https://quickstart-es-http.default.svc:9200 index-prefix: my-prefix tls: ca: /es/certificates/ca.crt secretName: tracing-secret volumeMounts: - name: certificates mountPath: /es/certificates/ readOnly: true volumes: - name: certificates secret: secretName: quickstart-es-http-certs-public
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: https://quickstart-es-http.default.svc:9200 1 index-prefix: my-prefix tls: 2 ca: /es/certificates/ca.crt secretName: tracing-secret 3 volumeMounts: 4 - name: certificates mountPath: /es/certificates/ readOnly: true volumes: - name: certificates secret: secretName: quickstart-es-http-certs-public
apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1 kind: Elasticsearch metadata: annotations: logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert-management: "true" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.jaeger-custom-es: "user.jaeger" logging.openshift.io/elasticsearch-cert.curator-custom-es: "system.logging.curator" name: custom-es spec: managementState: Managed nodeSpec: resources: limits: memory: 16Gi requests: cpu: 1 memory: 16Gi nodes: - nodeCount: 3 proxyResources: {} resources: {} roles: - master - client - data storage: {} redundancyPolicy: ZeroRedundancy
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: jaeger-prod spec: strategy: production storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: name: custom-es doNotProvision: true useCertManagement: true
spec: query: replicas:
spec: query: options: {}
options: log-level:
options: query: base-path:
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: "Jaeger" metadata: name: "my-jaeger" spec: strategy: allInOne allInOne: options: log-level: debug query: base-path: /jaeger
spec: ingester: options: {}
options: deadlockInterval:
options: kafka: consumer: topic:
options: kafka: consumer: brokers:
options: log-level:
apiVersion: jaegertracing.io/v1 kind: Jaeger metadata: name: simple-streaming spec: strategy: streaming collector: options: kafka: producer: topic: jaeger-spans brokers: my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092 ingester: options: kafka: consumer: topic: jaeger-spans brokers: my-cluster-kafka-brokers.kafka:9092 ingester: deadlockInterval: 5 storage: type: elasticsearch options: es: server-urls: http://elasticsearch:9200
oc delete smmr -n istio-system default
oc get smcp -n istio-system
oc delete smcp -n istio-system <name_of_custom_resource>
oc delete validatingwebhookconfiguration/openshift-operators.servicemesh-resources.maistra.io
oc delete mutatingwebhookconfiguration/openshift-operators.servicemesh-resources.maistra.io
oc delete svc maistra-admission-controller -n openshift-operators
oc -n openshift-operators delete ds -lmaistra-version
oc delete clusterrole/istio-admin clusterrole/istio-cni clusterrolebinding/istio-cni
oc delete clusterrole istio-view istio-edit
oc delete clusterrole jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-admin jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-crdview jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-edit jaegers.jaegertracing.io-v1-view
oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.istio\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete
oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.maistra\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete
oc get crds -o name | grep '.*\.kiali\.io' | xargs -r -n 1 oc delete
oc delete crds jaegers.jaegertracing.io
oc delete cm -n openshift-operators maistra-operator-cabundle
oc delete cm -n openshift-operators istio-cni-config
oc delete sa -n openshift-operators istio-cni