ఆలిస్ మన్రో
ఆలిన్ మన్రో ప్రపంచ స్థాయి కథా రచయిత్రి.కెనడాలో జన్మించిన ఈమె కథలలో సాధారణ కెనడా పౌరుని జీవన విధానము ప్రతిబింబిస్తుంది. ఈమె వ్రాసిన కథలే ఈమెకు నోబెల్ పురస్కారాన్ని సంపాదించి పెట్టాయి.
ఆలిస్ మన్రో కెనడా లో జూలై 10 1931 లో జన్మించారు. ఆమె కెనడియన్ చిన్నకథల రచయిత్రి మరియు నోబుల్ బహుమతి గ్రహీత. ముంరో కథారచనలో విప్లబాత్మకమైన నిర్మాణశైలిని కలిగి ఉంది. కథను సమయానుకూలంగా మునుకూ వెనుకకూ నడుపుతూ వివరించడం ఆమె ప్రత్యేకత[2] ముంరోస్ ఊహలు అధికంగా స్థానిక హురాన్ కౌంటీ(దక్షిణ అంటారియా) నేపథ్యంలో సాగుతుంటాయి.[3] ఆమె కథలు మనవ వైవిధ్యాన్ని అధ్యయనం చేయడానికి సహకరిస్తాయి. ఆమె రచనలు సరళంగా ఉంటాయి.[4] సమకాలీన అద్భుతమైన కల్పితకథా సృష్టిలో ముంరో నిపుణురాలని భావిస్తున్నారు. [5]
ముంరో తల్లి అన్న్ లైడ్లా (విన్నింగ్‌హాం(అంటారియో) తండి రాబర్ట్ ఎరిక్ లైడ్లా నక్క మరియు మింక్‌లను పెంచుకునే వ్యవసాయదారుడు.[6] తరువాత ఆయన టర్కీలను వ్యవసాయం కూడా చేసాడు.[7] ఆమె తల్లి అన్న్ లైడ్లా (నీ చమ్నే) పాఠశాలలో ఉపాధ్యాయినిగా ఉన్నది. ముంరో టీనేజర్‌గా ఉన్నప్పుడే రచనావ్యాసంగం ఆరంభించింది. ఆమె రెండు సంవత్సరాల స్కాలర్ షిప్ తీసుకుంటూ విశ్వవిద్యాలయంలో జర్నలిజం అధ్యయనం చేసేసమయంలో " డైమెంషన్స్ ఆఫ్ ఎ షాడో " పుస్తకం రచించింది.[8][9] ఈ సమయంలో ఆమె వెయిట్రెస్, టుబాకో పికర్ మరియు గ్రంథాలయ గుమస్తాగా పనిచేసింది. 1951లో ఆమె విశ్వవిద్యాలయ విద్యను పూర్తిచేసింది.ఆమె 1949-1951 లో ఆంగ్లం ప్రధానంగా ఉన్నత విద్యను పూర్తిచేసింది. తరువాత ఆమె జేంస్ ముంరోను వివాహం చేసుకుంది. తరువాత జేంస్‌కు డిపార్ట్ మెంటల్ స్టోర్స్‌ పని లభించిన కారణంగా దంపతులు డూండర్వే (వెస్ట్ వాంకోవర్)కు తరలి వెళ్ళింది. 1963లో దంపతులు విక్టోరియా(బ్రిటిష్ కొలంబియా) కు తరలి వెళ్ళారు. అక్కడ వారు ప్రారంభించిన " ముంరో బుక్స్ " ఇప్పటికీ ఉనికిలో ఉంది.
తాను పుట్టి పెరిగిన కెనడా లోని గ్రామీణ మహిళల జీవన విధానమే ఈమె కథలకు నేపథ్యం. మానవ సంభందాలు, సంతోషం, కోపం, దుఃఖం, నిరాశ, మానసిక వ్యధ ఇలాంటివే ఈమె కథలలో ముఖ్య వస్తువులు.
ఈమె తన మొదటి కథల సంకలనాన్ని 1968 లో ప్రచురించారు. ఆ తర్వాత ఇటువంటివి సుమారు 15 వరకు ప్రచురించ బడ్డాయి. ఈమె రచనలు అట్లాంటిక్ మంత్లీ, ది పారిస్ రివ్యూ, వంటి పత్రికలలో ప్రచురితమయ్యాయి.
Dance of the Happy Shades (1968) Lives of Girls and Women (1971) Something I’ve Been Meaning to Tell You (1974) Who Do You Think You Are? (1979) The Moons of Jupiter (1982) The Progress of Love (1986) Friend of My Youth (1990) Open Secrets (1994) Selected Stories (1996) The Love of a Good Woman (1998) Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001) Runaway (2004) The View from Castle Rock (2006) Alice Munro’s Best (2008) Too Much Happiness (2009) Dear Life (2012)
ముంరో రచనలు పలువురి ప్రశంసలను అందుకున్నాయి. ఆమె చేసిన సాహిత్యసేవకు ఆమె 2013 లో సాహిత్యంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి అందుకున్నది.[10] ఆమె జీవితసాధనగా 2009 లో " మాన్ బుకర్ ఇంటర్నేషనల్ " అవార్డ్‌ను అందుకున్నది. ఉహాత్మక రచనల కొరకు ఆమె మూడు మార్లు కెనడా ప్రభుత్వం నుండి " గవర్నల్ జనరల్ అవార్డ్ " అందుకున్నది. అంతేకాక రైటర్స్ ట్రస్ట్ ఆఫ్ కెనడా అవార్డును, 1996 లో మరియన్ అవార్డ్, 2004 లో" రన్‌వే " పుస్తకరచన కొరకు రోగార్స్ " రైటర్స్ ట్రస్ట్ ఫిక్షన్ ప్రైజ్ " అవార్డును అందుకున్నది.[10][11][12][13]
ఈమె రచనలు అనేక భాషలలోనికి అనువదించబడ్డాయి. ఆకోవలో ఈమె వ్రాసిన కథ బాయ్స్ అండ్ గాళ్స్ అనే కథను తెలుగులోకి జి. లక్ష్మి గారు అనువదించారు. ఈ తెలుగు కథను....... సాకం నాగరాజ, వాకా ప్రసాద్ లు సంకలనము చేసి ప్రచురించిన ప్రపంచ కథా సాహిత్యం అనే పుస్తకంలో మొదటికథగా ప్రచురించారు.
ఈమె ఈ మధ్యనే తన రచనా వ్యాసంగాన్ని విరమించుకున్నట్లు ప్రకటించారు.
Many of Munro's stories are set in Huron County, Ontario. Her strong regional focus is one of the features of her fiction. Another is the omniscient narrator who serves to make sense of the world. Many compare Munro's small-town settings to writers from the rural South of the United States. As in the works of William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor, her characters often confront deep-rooted customs and traditions, but the reaction of Munro's characters is generally less intense than their Southern counterparts'. Her male characters tend to capture the essence of the everyman, while her female characters are more complex. Much of Munro's work exemplifies the literary genre known as Southern Ontario Gothic.[14]
Munro's work is often compared with the great short-story writers. In her stories, as in Chekhov's, plot is secondary and "little happens." As with Chekhov, Garan Holcombe notes: "All is based on the epiphanic moment, the sudden enlightenment, the concise, subtle, revelatory detail." Munro's work deals with "love and work, and the failings of both. She shares Chekhov's obsession with time and our much-lamented inability to delay or prevent its relentless movement forward."[15]
A frequent theme of her work, particularly evident in her early stories, has been the dilemmas of a girl coming of age and coming to terms with her family and the small town she grew up in. In recent work such as Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001) and Runaway (2004) she has shifted her focus to the travails of middle age, of women alone, and of the elderly. It is a mark of her style for characters to experience a revelation that sheds light on, and gives meaning to, an event.
Munro's prose reveals the ambiguities of life: "ironic and serious at the same time," "mottoes of godliness and honor and flaming bigotry," "special, useless knowledge," "tones of shrill and happy outrage," "the bad taste, the heartlessness, the joy of it." Her style places the fantastic next to the ordinary, with each undercutting the other in ways that simply and effortlessly evoke life.[16] As Robert Thacker wrote:
Munro's writing creates... an empathetic union among readers, critics most apparent among them. We are drawn to her writing by its verisimilitude – not of mimesis, so-called and... 'realism' – but rather the feeling of being itself... of just being a human being."[17]
Many critics have asserted that Munro's stories often have the emotional and literary depth of novels. Some have asked whether Munro actually writes short stories or novels. Alex Keegan, writing in Eclectica, gave a simple answer: "Who cares? In most Munro stories there is as much as in many novels."[18]
Research on Munro's work has been undertaken since the early 1970s, with the first PhD thesis published in 1972.[19] The first book-length volume collecting the papers presented at the University of Waterloo first conference on her oeuvre was published in 1984, The Art of Alice Munro: Saying the Unsayable.[20] In 2003/2004, the journal Open Letter. Canadian quarterly review of writing and sources published 14contributions on Munro's work, in Autumn 2010 the Journal of the Short Story in English (JSSE)/Les cahiers de la nouvelle dedicated a special issue to Munro, and in May 2012 an issue of the journal Narrative focussed on a single story by Munro, "Passion" (2004), with an introduction, a summary of the story, and five essays of analysis.[21]
Alice Munro publishes variant versions of her stories, sometimes within a short span of time. Her works "Save the Reaper" and "Passion" came out in two different versions in the same year, in 1998 and 2004 respectively. At the other end of the scale, two stories were republished in a variant version about 30 years later, "Home" (1974/2006) and "Wood" (1980/2009).[22]
Ann Close and Lisa Dickler Awano reported in 2006 that Munro had not wanted to reread the galleys of Runaway (2004): ”No, because I’ll rewrite the stories.” In their symposium contribution An Appreciation of Alice Munro they say that of her story ”Powers”, for example, Munro did eight versions in all.[23]
Awano writes that "Wood" is a good example of how Munro, being "a tireless self-editor",[24] rewrites and revises a story, in this case returning to it for a second publication nearly thirty years later. In this case, Awano says, Munro revised characterizations, themes and perspectives, as well as rhythmic syllables, a conjunction or a punctuation mark. The characters change, too. Inferring from the perspective they take on things, they are middle-age in 1980, and in 2009 they are older. Awano perceives a heightened lyricism brought about not least by the poetic precision of the revision undertaken by the author.[24] The 2009 version is made up of eight sections instead of three in 1980, and it has a new ending. Awano writes that Munro literally "refinishes" the first take on the story, with an ambiguity that is characteristic of Munro’s endings, and that the author re-imagines her stories throughout her work a variety of ways.[24]
Several stories were re-published with considerable variation as to which content goes into which section. This can be seen, for example, in "Home", "The Progress of Love", "What Do You Want to Know For?", "The Children Stay", "Save the Reaper", "The Bear Came Over the Mountain", "Passion", "The View Fom Castle Rock", "Wenlock Edge", and "Deep-Holes".
Munro married James Munro in 1951. Their daughters Sheila, Catherine, and Jenny were born in 1953, 1955, and 1957 respectively; Catherine died 15 hours after birth.
In 1963, the Munros moved to Victoria where they opened Munro's Books, a popular bookstore still in business. In 1966, their daughter Andrea was born. Alice and James Munro divorced in 1972.
Munro returned to Ontario to become writer in residence at the University of Western Ontario, and in 1976 received an honorary LLD from the institution. In 1976, she married Gerald Fremlin, a cartographer and geographer she met in her university days.[8] The couple moved to a farm outside Clinton, Ontario, and later to a house in Clinton, where Fremlin died on 17 April 2013, aged 88.[25] Munro and Fremlin also owned a home in Comox, British Columbia.[1]
At a Toronto appearance in October 2009, Munro indicated that she had received treatment for cancer and for a heart condition requiring coronary-artery bypass surgery.[26]
In 2002, her daughter Sheila Munro published a childhood memoir, Lives of Mothers and Daughters: Growing Up With Alice Munro.
Dance of the Happy Shades – 1968 (winner of the 1968 Governor General's Award for Fiction) Lives of Girls and Women – 1971 (winner of the Canadian Bookseller's Award[27]) Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You – 1974 Who Do You Think You Are? – 1978 (winner of the 1978 Governor General's Award for Fiction; also published as The Beggar Maid; short-listed for the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1980[27]) The Moons of Jupiter – 1982 (nominated for a Governor General's Award) The Progress of Love – 1986 (winner of the 1986 Governor General's Award for Fiction) Friend of My Youth – 1990 (winner of the Trillium Book Award) Open Secrets – 1994 (nominated for a Governor General's Award) The Love of a Good Woman – 1998 (winner of the 1998 Giller Prize) Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage – 2001 (republished as Away From Her) Runaway – 2004 (winner of the Giller Prize and Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize) ISBN 1-4000-4281-X The View from Castle Rock – 2006 Too Much Happiness – 2009 Dear Life – 2012
Selected Stories (later retitled Selected Stories 1968-1994) – 1996 No Love Lost – 2003 Vintage Munro – 2004 Alice Munro's Best: A Selection of Stories – Toronto 2006/ Carried Away: A Selection of Stories – New York 2006; both with an introduction by Margaret Atwood New Selected Stories – 2011 Lying Under the Apple Tree. New Selected Stories, 434 pages, 15 stories,[28] c Alice Munro 2011, Vintage, London 2014, ISBN 978-0-0995-9377-5 (paperback) Family Furnishings: Selected Stories 1995-2014 - 2014
Governor General's Literary Award for English language fiction (1968, 1978, 1986) Canadian Booksellers Award for Lives of Girls and women (1971) Shortlisted for the annual (UK) Booker Prize for Fiction (now the Man Booker Prize) (1980) for The Beggar Maid The Writers' Trust of Canada's Marian Engel Award (1986) for her body of work [13] Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize (2004) for Runaway [29] Trillium Book Award for Friend of My Youth (1991), The Love of a Good Woman (1999) and Dear Life (2013)[30] WH Smith Literary Award (1995, UK) for Open Secrets Lannan Literary Award for Fiction (1995) PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in Short Fiction (1997) National Book Critics Circle Award (1998, U.S.) For The Love of a Good Woman Giller Prize (1998 and 2004) Rea Award for the Short Story (2001) given to a living American or Canadian author. Libris Award Edward MacDowell Medal for outstanding contribution to the arts by the MacDowell Colony (2006).[31] O. Henry Award for continuing achievement in short fiction in the U.S. for "Passion" (2006), "What Do You Want To Know For" (2008) and "Corrie" (2012) Man Booker International Prize (2009, UK)[32] Canada-Australia Literary Prize Commonwealth Writers Prize Regional Award for Canada and the Caribbean. Nobel Prize in Literature (2013) as a "master of the contemporary short story".[10]
1992: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters 1993: Royal Society of Canada's Lorne Pierce Medal 2005: Medal of Honor for Literature from the U.S. National Arts Club 2010: Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters[33] 2014: Silver coin released by the Royal Canadian Mint in honour of Munro's Nobel Prize win [34] 2015: Postage stamp released by the Canada Post in honour of Munro's Nobel Prize win [35]
Atwood, Margaret et al. Virginia Quarterly Review 82.3 (Summer 2006): 91–107. Interviews with various authors (Margaret Atwood, Russell Banks, Michael Cunningham, Charles McGrath, Daniel Menaker and others) presented in first-person essay format Awano, Lisa Dickler. New Haven Review (30 May 2012). Examining overall themes in Alice Munro's fiction through a study of her two versions of "Wood." Awano, Lisa Dickler. Virginia Quarterly Review (22 October 2010). Long-form book review of Too Much Happiness in the context of Alice Munro's canon. Besner, Neil Kalman. Introducing Alice Munro's Lives of Girls and Women: a reader's guide. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1990) Blodgett, E. D. Alice Munro. (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988) Buchholtz, Miroslawa (ed.). Alice Munro. Understanding, Adapting, Teaching (Springer International Publishing, 2016) Carrington, Ildikó de Papp. Controlling the Uncontrollable: the fiction of Alice Munro. (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989) Carscallen, James. The Other Country: patterns in the writing of Alice Munro. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1993) Cox, Alisa. Alice Munro. (Tavistock: Northcote House, 2004) Dahlie, Hallvard. Alice Munro and Her Works. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1984) Davey, Frank. 'Class, Family Furnishings, and Munro's Early Stories.' In Ventura and Conde. 79–88. de Papp Carrington, Ildiko."What's in a Title?: Alice Munro's 'Carried Away.'" Studies in Short Fiction. 20.4 (Fall 1993): 555. Dolnick, Ben. The Millions (5 July 2012) Elliott, Gayle. "A Different Track: Feminist meta-narrative in Alice Munro's 'Friend of My Youth.'" Journal of Modern Literature. 20.1 (Summer 1996): 75. Fowler, Rowena. "The Art of Alice Munro: The Beggar Maid and Lives of Girls and Women." Critique. 25.4 (Summer 1984): 189. Garson, Marjorie. "Alice Munro and Charlotte Bronte." University of Toronto Quarterly 69.4 (Fall 2000): 783. Genoways, Ted. "Ordinary Outsiders." Virginia Quarterly Review 82.3 (Summer 2006): 80–81. Gibson, Douglas. Stories About Storytellers: Publishing Alice Munro, Robertson Davies, Alistair MacLeod, Pierre Trudeau, and Others. (ECW Press, 2011.) Gittings, Christopher E.. "Constructing a Scots-Canadian Ground: Family history and cultural translation in Alice Munro." Studies in Short Fiction 34.1 (Winter 1997): 27 Hebel, Ajay. The Tumble of Reason: Alice Munro's discourse of absence. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994) Hiscock, Andrew. "Longing for a Human Climate: Alice Munro's 'Friend of My Youth' and the culture of loss." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 32.2 (1997): 18. Hooper, Brad The Fiction of Alice Munro: An Appreciation (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2008), ISBN 978-0-275-99121-0 Houston, Pam. "A Hopeful Sign: The making of metonymic meaning in Munro's 'Meneseteung.'" Kenyon Review 14.4 (Fall 1992): 79. Howells, Coral Ann. Alice Munro. (New York: Manchester University Press, 1998), ISBN 978-0-7190-4558-5 Hoy, H. "'Dull, Simple, Amazing and Unfathomable': Paradox and Double Vision In Alice Munro's Fiction." Studies in Canadian Literature/Études en littérature canadienne (SCL/ÉLC), Volume 5.1. (1980). Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 'Alice Munro's Two Secrets.' In Ventura and Conde. 25–37. Levene, Mark. "It Was About Vanishing: A Glimpse of Alice Munro's Stories." University of Toronto Quarterly 68.4 (Fall 1999): 841. Lynch, Gerald. "No Honey, I'm Home." Canadian Literature 160 (Spring 1999): 73. MacKendrick, Louis King. Some Other Reality: Alice Munro's Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1993) Martin, W.R. Alice Munro: paradox and parallel. (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1987) Mazur, Carol and Moulder, Cathy. Alice Munro: An Annotated Bibliography of Works and Criticism. (Toronto: Scarecrow Press, 2007) ISBN 978-0810859241 McCaig, JoAnn. Reading In: Alice Munro's archives. (Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2002) Miller, Judith, ed. The Art of Alice Munro: saying the unsayable: papers from the Waterloo conference. (Waterloo: Waterloo Press, 1984) Munro, Sheila. Lives of Mother and Daughters: growing up with Alice Munro. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2001) Pfaus, B. Alice Munro. (Ottawa: Golden Dog Press, 1984.) Rasporich, Beverly Jean. Dance of the Sexes: art and gender in the fiction of Alice Munro. (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1990) Redekop, Magdalene. Mothers and Other Clowns: the stories of Alice Munro. (New York: Routledge, 1992) Ross, Catherine Sheldrick. Alice Munro: a double life. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1992.) Simpson, Mona. The Atlantic. (December 2001) Smythe, Karen E. Figuring Grief: Gallant, Munro and the poetics of elegy. (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1992) Somacarrera, Pilar. Open Access, in: Open Access, edited by Pilar Somacarrera, de Gruyter, Berlin 2013, p.129–144, ISBN 9788376560175 Steele, Apollonia and Tener, Jean F., editors. The Alice Munro Papers: Second Accession. (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1987) Tausky, Thomas E. The University of Calgary Library Special Collections (1986) Thacker, Robert. Alice Munro: writing her lives: a biography. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2005) Thacker, Robert. Ed. The Rest of the Story: critical essays on Alice Munro. (Toronto: ECW Press, 1999) Ventura, Héliane, and Mary Condé, eds. Alice Munro. Open Letter 11:9 (Fall-Winter 2003-4). ISSN 0048-1939. Proceedings of the Alice Munro conference L'écriture du secret/Writing Secrets, Université d'Orléans, 2003.
in libraries (WorldCat catalog) on IMDb , The Paris Review No. 131, Summer 1994 at The Canadian Encyclopedia at the British Council Writers Directory , 8 December 2014
వర్గం:నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన స్త్రీలు వర్గం:1931 జననాలు వర్గం:సాహిత్యంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి గ్రహీతలు వర్గం:కెనడా వర్గం:ఆంగ్ల రచయితలు వర్గం:జీవిస్తున్న ప్రజలు వర్గం:20th-century Canadian short story writers వర్గం:20th-century women writers వర్గం:21st-century Canadian short story writers వర్గం:21వ శతాబ్ద మహిళా రచయితలు వర్గం:PEN/Malamud Award winners వర్గం:Canadian Nobel laureates వర్గం:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres వర్గం:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature వర్గం:Governor General's Award winning fiction writers వర్గం:Members of the Order of Ontario వర్గం:Nobel laureates in Literature వర్గం:People from Huron County, Ontario వర్గం:University of Western Ontario alumni వర్గం:Canadian women short story writers వర్గం:Writers from Ontario వర్గం:Women Nobel laureates