Walutheri
Walutheri ni jina linalotumika kuwataja kwa jumla wafuasi wa Yesu Kristo wanaozingatia mafundisho yaliyotolewa na Martin Luther katika karne ya 16.
Madhehebu ya Kilutheri yalienea nje ya Ulaya Kaskazini kule ambako Wajerumani na Waskandinavia walihamia, kama vile Marekani.
Barani Afrika Walutheri wako hasa katika nchi zilizokuwa makoloni ya Ujerumani, kama vile Tanzania, Namibia na Kamerun, lakini pia Ethiopia.
Idadi yao ni kama milioni 75[1]na wanazidi kuongezeka barani Asia na Afrika, huku wakipungua sehemu nyingine.
Wafuasi wao walio wengi wengi wanaishi Ujerumani milioni 12.5, Marekani 7.1, Uswidi 6.5 million, Ethiopia na Tanzania kila moja milioni 5.8, Indonesia 5.6.
Kwa kuwatazama kama asilimia ya wakazi katika nchi mbalimbali Walutheri ni jumuiya kubwa kabisa ya kidini katika nchi zote za Skandinavia, Estonia, Latvia, Namibia na jimbo la North Dakota la Marekani.
Muundo wao wa kanisa ni ama dayosisi/jimbo au kanisa la kitaifa.
Asilimia kubwa ya Walutheri wako pamoja katika Shirikisho la Kilutheri Duniani (Lutheran World Federation) lenye makao makuu mjini Geneva, Uswisi.
Msingi wao ni Biblia ya Kikristo yenye vitabu 66 tu.
Walutheri husisitiza mafundisho ya Katekisimu zilizotungwa na Martin Luther. Mafundisho yake yalipofanywa kuwa rasmi, katika Ujerumani makanisa ya Kilutheri yaliendeshwa kama idara za serikali za sehemu za Kilutheri chini ya uongozi wa wataalamu wa teolojia, lakini katika karne ya 20 kanisa na serikali vilitengana.
Kumbe hali hiyo inadumu mpaka leo katika nchi za Skandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Denmark n.k.) ambapo wafalme waliamua kugeuza Kanisa zima la nchi zao kuwa la Kiinjili-Kilutheri. Ila Sweden Walutheri waliendelea na cheo cha uaskofu na desturi nyingi za Kanisa la kale, wakifanana zaidi na Waanglikana wa Uingereza.
Walutheri wote wanaadhimisha sakramenti 2, yaani Ubatizo na Chakula cha Bwana.
ALC Historical Perspective: Nervig, Casper B. , Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1941. CLC Perspective: Confessional & Historical Perspective: Günther Gassmann & Scott Hendrix. Fortress Introduction to the Lutheran Confessions. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8006-3162-5. European Lutheran perspective: Elert, Werner. The Structure of Lutheranism: the Theology and Philosophy of Life of Lutheranism, Especially in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, trans. by Walter A. Hansen. Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 1962. N.B.: Trans. of Morphologie des Luthertums, vol. 1 of which was published in 1931 at Munich by C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1931, vol. 2 in German appearing in 1932; the t.p. of this English-language ed. states "Volume One", but there has been no publication, as part of this English ed., of vol. 2. Fellowship of Lutheran Congregations Perspective: What True Lutherans Teach. Oak Parks, Ill.: E.L.C. Tract Center, [199-?]. 11 p. N.B.: There is no personal author or specific committee credited with this brochure. General Council Historical Perspective: LCA Historical Perspective: LCA Historical Worship Perspective: Reed, Luther D. The Lutheran Liturgy: a Study [especially] of the Common Service of the Lutheran Church in America. Philadelphia, Penn.: Muhlenberg Press, 1947. N.B.: This study also includes some coverage of other Lutheran liturgical services, especially of Matins and Vespers. LCMS Perspective: LCMS Perspective: LCMS Perspective: Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod (1932). Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House. LCMS Perspective: LCMS Perspective: Kretzschmar, Karl (198-?). What Lutherans Teach. St. Louis, Mo.: Concordia Tract Mission. LCMS Perspective: Neuhaus, Richard John (1969). The Lutherans (in "Ecumenical Series"). New York: Paulist Press. N.B.: At the time of the publication of this document, Neuhaus was still a Lutheran pastor, of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. LCR Perspective: Neo-Lutheran Historical Perspective: Norwegian Synod Historical Perspective: Slovak Synod Historical Perspective: WELS Perspective: Comparison of about 50 Lutheran church bodies in America: Comparison of Catholic, Lutheran, and Protestant doctrine:
Moldehnke, Edward F. "Was ist denn eigentlich ein Lutheraner?" Evangelish-Lutherisches Gemeinde-Blatt. Vol. 1, nos. 8–10 (1866). Trans. Nathaniel J. Biebert. Studium Excitare. Issue #12 (2010). A historical study of the Laestadian Lutheran Church, the SRK, and Conservative Laestadianism.
Jamii:Walutheri Jamii:Uprotestanti