Euklides
Euklides (takr. 365 KK - 300 KK, kwa Kigiriki Εὐκλείδης, Eukleidēs, yaani Mashuhuri, kwa Kiingereza Euclid[1]) alikuwa mwanahisabati wa Misri ya Kale. Anaitwa pia Euklides wa Aleksandria ili kumtofautisha na Euklide wa Megara, akihesabiwa pia kati ya wataalamu wa Ugiriki ya Kale maana mji wa Aleksandria nchiniMisri iliundwa na Wagiriki na kukaliwa na Wagiriki hasa kwa karne nyingi, hivyo inahesabiwa zaidi kama sehemu ya utamaduni wa Ugiriki kuliko Misri.
Anaitwa mara nyingi "Baba wa Jiometria".
Habari zake hazina uhakika kamili kuhusu miaka ya maisha yake lakini anaaminiwa alitokea katika familia ya Kigiriki akaishi huko Aleksandria wa Misri.
Hakuna mengi yanayojulikana kwa hakika juu ya maisha yake. Huaminiwa ya kwamba alizaliwa Aleksandria mnamo 365 KK akapata mafunzo ya juu kwenye akademia ya Athens, Ugiriki.
Kazi yake alifanya wakati wa Farao Ptolemaio I (323 KK–283 KK) akifundisha hisabati.
Alipata kuwa maarufu kwa njia ya vitabu vyake 13 vinavyofundisha hisabati vilivyoitwa Στοιχεῖα stoicheia au "Misingi". Tafsiri za vitabu hivyo zilitumiwa hadi karne ya 19.[2][3][4]
Artmann, Benno (1999). Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-98423-2. With extensive bibliography. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Heath, Thomas L. (1908), "", in Euclid, Elements (Thomas L. Heath, ed. 1908), 1:1–6, at . Heath, Thomas L. (1981). A History of Greek Mathematics, 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-24073-8 / ISBN 0-486-24074-6. Kline, Morris (1980). Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502754-X. . Proclus, A commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements, translated by Glenn Raymond Morrow, Princeton University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-691-02090-7.
at Project Gutenberg , All thirteen books, with interactive diagrams using Java. Clark University , with the original Greek and an English translation on facing pages (includes PDF version for printing). University of Texas. , in English pdf, in a Project Gutenberg Victorian textbook edition with diagrams. , All thirteen books, in several languages as Spanish, Catalan, English, German, Portuguese, Arabic, Italian, Russian and Chinese. 1482, Venice. From Rare Book Room. 888 AD, Byzantine. From Rare Book Room. PDF scans (Note: many are very large files). Includes editions and translations of Euclid's Elements, Data, and Optica, Proclus's Commentary on Euclid, and other historical sources.
Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 4 Jamii:Watu wa Misri ya Kale Jamii:Watu wa Ugiriki ya Kale Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Misri