Chad
Jamhuri ya Chadi République du Tchad Jumhuriyat Tashad (Kinaganaga) Hadabu ya Taifa: Unité - Travail - ProgrèsLugha za TaifaKifaransa, KiarabuMji MkuuNdjamenaRaisIdriss DébyFedhaFranc CFASaa za EneoUTC +1Wimbo wa TaifaLa TchadienneIntaneti TLD.tdCodi ya simu235
Chad (pia: Chadi) ni nchi huru iliyoko Afrika ya Kati.
Imepakana na Libya, Sudan, Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati, Kamerun, Nigeria na Niger.
Mji mkuu ni Ndjamena.
Sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake ni jangwa na nchi yabisi. Kusini kuna kanda lenye hali ya hewa ya kitropiki, lakini ardhi yenye rutuba inayofaa kwa kilimo ni asilimia 3 tu za eneo lake lote .
Kaskazini kuna milima ya Tibesti.
Katikati iko beseni ya ziwa Chad lililokuwa kati ya maziwa makubwa kabisa duniani lakini limepungua sana miaka iliyopita.
Katika milenia ya 7 KK kulikuwa na watu wengi sana katika beseni hiyo.
Katika historia kabla ya ukoloni watu wa kaskazini waliwafanyia vita watu wa kusini na kuteka wafungwa kama watumwa. Hivyo hadi leo uhusiano kati ya kusini na kaskazini ya nchi ni mgumu.
Wakazi walikuwa 10,329,208 mwaka 2009.
Jinsi ilivyo katika nchi mbalimbali za kanda la Sahel kuna aina mbili za wakazi ndani yake:
Kaskazini wako hasa watu walioathiriwa sana na utamaduni wa Uislamu (55% za wakazi wote). Mifano ni Waarabu (12.3%), Wafulbe, Wahaussa, Wazaghawa na wengineo. Wengi wao walikuwa wafugaji na sehemu ya makabila inaendelea hadi leo maisha ya kuhamahama. Kusini wako hasa watu wanaofuata Ukristo (40%, Wakatoliki wakiwa wengi kidogo kuliko Waprotestanti) au dini asilia za Kiafrika (1%) kama Wasara (27.7%). Wengi wao hulima.
Kwa jumla leo kuna makabila zaidi ya 200 nchini, kila moja na lugha yake (angalia orodha ya lugha hizo).
Lugha rasmi ni Kiarabu na Kifaransa.
Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa Demografia ya Afrika
(in French) Alphonse, Dokalyo (2003); "", [Tchad et Culture] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) 214. "". September 2006. United States Department of State. (in French) Bambé, Naygotimti (April 2007); "help)", [Tchad et Culture] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) 256. Botha, D.J.J. (December 1992); "S.H. Frankel: Reminiscences of an Economist", The South African Journal of Economics 60 (4): 246–255. Boyd-Buggs, Debra & Joyce Hope Scott (1999); Camel Tracks: Critical Perspectives on Sahelian Literatures. Lawrenceville: Africa World Press. ISBN 0-86543-757-2 "". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006, 6 March 2007. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. "". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2004, 28 February 2005. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. "". International Religious Freedom Report 2006. 15 September 2006. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State. "". Amnesty International Publications. "" (PDF). African Economic Outlook 2007. OECD. May 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-02510-3 "". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 15 May 2007. "" (PDF). Women of the World: Laws and Policies Affecting Their Reproductive Lives – Francophone Africa. Center for Reproductive Rights. 2000 Template:Wayback. Freedom of the Press: 2007 Edition. Freedom House, Inc. "". Human Rights Instruments. United Nations Commission on Human Rights. 12 December 1997. "Chad". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2000). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. "Chad, Lake". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2000). "" (PDF). 24 September 2002. World Bank. Template:Wayback (PDF). Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. ISBN 0-7727-9102-3 "" (PDF). 21 October 2004. World Bank. "" (PDF). 8 January 2007. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. "" (PDF). March 2005. United States Agency for International Development. "" (PDF). World Bank. 21 October 1997. "". Country Report: 2006 Edition. Freedom House, Inc. Template:Wayback. Country Analysis Briefs. January 2007. Energy Information Administration. "", BBC News, 14 May 2006. "", BBC News, 16 February 2007. (in French) Chapelle, Jean (1981); [Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-85802-169-4 Chowdhury, Anwarul Karim & Sandagdorj Erdenbileg (2006); Template:Wayback. New York: United Nations. ISBN 92-1-104540-1 Collelo, Thomas (1990); , 2d ed. Washington: U.S. GPO. ISBN 0-16-024770-5 (in French) Dadnaji, Dimrangar (1999); Template:Wayback CS1 maint: extra text (link) East, Roger & Richard J. Thomas (2003); Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 1-85743-126-X Dinar, Ariel (1995); Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-3321-6 (in French) Gondjé, Laoro (2003); "", [Tchad et Culture] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) 214. . Amnesty International. 16 October 2001. Lange, Dierk (1988). "" (PDF), in UNESCO General History of Africa – Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, vol. 3: 436–460. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03914-8 (in French) (PDF). Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad. N. 3. September 2004. Macedo, Stephen (2006); Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1950-3 (in French) Malo, Nestor H. (2003); "", [Tchad et Culture] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) 214. Manley, Andrew; "", BBC News, 15 March 2006. "", BBC News, 9 September 2006. (in French) Ndang, Tabo Symphorien (2005); "" (PDF). 4th PEP Research Network General Meeting. Poverty and Economic Policy. Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002); Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3733-2 "". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 10 May 2007. "" (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. November 2004. (in French) Template:Wayback. Government of Chad. Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004);[1] "". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. FAO. 29 November – 1 December 1972. (in French) "". [L'évaluation de l'éducation pour tous à l'an 2000: Rapport des pays] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help). UNESCO, Education for All. (in French) "" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 1 June 2006. Wolfe, Adam; Template:Wayback, PINR, 6 December 2006. World Bank (14 July 2006). . Press release. . 2006. United Nations Population Division. "", BBC News, 18 November 2005. Young, Neil (August 2002); .
(in French) (in French)
from Library of Congress at Curlie from the BBC News Wikimedia Atlas of Chad from International Futures
Jamii:Chad Jamii:Nchi za Afrika Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kiarabu