Fidla
Fidla (kutoka Kiingereza fiddle; pia: violini, kutoka jina la Kiitalia violino) ni ala ya muziki yenye nyuzi. Idadi ya nyuzi ni 4 zinazopigwa au zaidi kuchuliwa kwa uta. Nyuzi zinawekwa kwa kawaida kwa noti za G, D, A na E.
Fidla hufanywa kwa mwili wa mwangwi na shingo. Nyaya hufungwa juu kwenye shingo na hapo zinaweza kukazwa kwa hesi. Upande wa juu wa mwili kuna mashimo mawili yenye umbo la S nyembamba.
Fidla inashikwa na mchezaji baina ya bega na kidevu.
Kwa kawaida mkono wa kuume hushika uta na kuiteleza kwenye waya na hivyo kutoa sauti. Uta ni kama upinde na kuna riboni kati ya ncha za upinde. Riboni hufanywa kwa nywele za farasi.
Vidole vya mkono mwingine husogeza juu ya nyaya na kubadilisha sauti kwa kukaza waya mahali mbalimbali. 300px|thumbnail|Kyoko Yonemoto anapiga Paganini.
Fidla zilibuniwa katika Ulaya ya Kusini takriban miaka elfu iliyopita kama nakala ndogo za ala za nyaya kubwa zaidi.
Fidla kwa umbo la kisasa zimepatikana tangu karne ya 16 na mwanzoni zilikuwa na nyaya 3 pekee, lakini tangu mnamo mwaka 1600 zilikuwa karibu sawa na ala za leo. Maendeleo hayo yalitokea katika Italia kaskazini. Baadaye mabadiliko madogo yaliendelea kufanywa.
Mafundi mashuhuri waliotengeneza fidla walikuwa pamoja na familia za Stradivari, Guarneri na Amati katika Italia za karne za 16 hadi 18 huko Brescia na Cremona na akina Jakob Stainer huko Austria. Ala zilizotengenezwa nao zinatafutwa hadi leo na kutumiwa kwa muziki wa kihistoria.
Watunzi muziki wote mashuhuri wa Ulaya walitunga muziki kwa ajili ya fidla, ama katika okestra ama kama ala ya pekee.
Kadiri fidla ilivyopendwa, idadi ya wapiga fidla iliongezeka pamoja na mahitaji ya idadi kubwa ya ala. Kwa hiyo fidla za bei nafuu zilitengenezwa katika viwanda vidogo. Mwaka 1888 kiwanda cha kwanza cha fidla kilianzishwa nchini Japani.
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Schoenbaum, David, , New York, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, December 2012. ISBN 9780393084405 Templeton, David, , Strings magazine, October 2002, No. 105. Young, Diana. . PhD Thesis. M.I.T., 2007.
Jamii:Ala za muziki