エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ

エドガー・イプセル「イップ」ハーバーグ（Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg、1896年4月8日 - 1981年3月5日）はアメリカのポピュラーソングの作詞家であり、多くの有名な作曲家と働いた。 本名イシドア・ホックバーグ（Isidore Hochberg）。 歌詞を書いたのは"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"や"April in Paris"や"It's Only a Paper Moon"や『オズの魔法使い』の「虹の彼方に」など。 ハーバーグは1896年4月8日にニューヨークのマンハッタンで生まれた。彼の父であるルイス・ハーバーグと母であるメアリー・ライシングはイディッシュ語を話す正統派（ユダヤ教徒）ユダヤ教徒であり、ロシアからの移民であった。高校時代にアイラ・ガーシュウィンと知り合った。 1921年にニューヨーク市立大学を卒業し、その後、電気装置会社の共同経営者になるが、1929年の世界大恐慌のために倒産してしまう。これを契機に作曲家としての人生をスタートさせる。 "Over the Rainbow" (1939) "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" with composer Jay Gorney (1932) Last Night When We Were Young ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲 (1935) "Cabin in the Sky"：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1943) "The Eagle and Me" ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1944) "April in Paris" "It's Only a Paper Moon" "Lydia the Tattooed Lady" "How Are Things in Glocca Morra?" "Old Devil Moon" "Then I'll Be Tired of You" "When the Idle Poor Become the Idle Rich" "Down with Love" "Free and Equal Blues" performed by Josh White Earl Carroll's Sketchbook of 1929 (1929) - co-composer and co-lyricist with Jay Gorney Garrick Gaieties (1930) - contributing lyricist Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930 (1930) - contributing songwriter The Vanderbilt Revue (1930) - contributing lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 (1931) - featured lyricist for "Mailu" Shoot the Works (1931) - contributing composer and lyricist Ballyhoo of 1932 (1932) - lyricist Americana (1932) - lyricist. The Revue include "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?" Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for "Happiness is Jes' a Thing Called Joe" A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for "Over the Rainbow" Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Moonlight and Pretzels - 1933 The Singing Kid - 1936 Golddiggers of 1937 - 1936 The Wizard of Oz - 1939 At the Circus - 1939 Babes on Broadway - 1941 Ship Ahoy - 1942 Cabin in the Sky - 1943 Harburg's song "Aint It The Truth" expressing religious skepticism was removed Can't Help Singing - 1944 Gay Purr-ee - 1962 Finian's Rainbow - 1968 Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) Over the Rainbow (2000) ^ ヴァン・ヘーレンのデイヴィッド・リー・ロスは最も尊敬するソングライターとして、BS朝日の「ベストヒットUSA」にて、イップ・ハーバーグを挙げているが、そこで1920年代にハーバーグが億万長者であったが、大恐慌で全財産を失ったにも関わらず、前向きに新たな人生をスタートし、名曲を世に出したことを評価している。 ^ *April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . . . Rhymes for the Irreverent Freedom From Religion Foundation's Podcast 22:10 Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993). ISBN 0-472-10482-9 Alonso, Harriet. "Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist," Wesleyan University Press (2012). ISBN 978-08195-7128-1 Yip Harburg - インターネット・ムービー・データベース（英語） エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ - インターネット・ブロードウェイ・データベース（英語） エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ - Find a Grave The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS "A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ - ソングライターの殿堂（英語） E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Yip Harburg - オールミュージック Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006 article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . . . Rhymes for the Irreverent Freedom From Religion Foundation's Podcast Over The Rainbow With Yip Harburg - BBC Programmes (BBC Radio 4 programme) The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz by Amy Goodman 1920 passport photo of Yip Harburg(courtesy of the puzzlemaster, flickr.com) Yip Harburg - Over The Rainbow - YouTube Yip Harburg - Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? - YouTube