Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne d'Arc, was a French peasant girl who became a prominent figure during the Hundred Years' War between England and France. Born in 1412 in Domrémy, France, Joan of Arc claimed to have received divine visions and guidance from saints, instructing her to support the Dauphin (heir to the French throne) and help expel the English from France. Here is an overview of her role in history:
Military Leadership: Joan of Arc played a significant role as a military leader during the Hundred Years' War. In 1429, at the age of 17, she convinced Charles VII, the Dauphin, to allow her to lead French troops against the English forces besieging the city of Orléans. Her military successes and strategic decisions, coupled with her inspirational leadership, boosted French morale and led to several victories.
Siege of Orléans: Joan of Arc's most notable achievement was lifting the siege of Orléans, a critical turning point in the war. Under her leadership, the French forces successfully defended Orléans against the English, breaking the long-standing English dominance and revitalizing French resistance. This victory paved the way for subsequent French successes.
Coronation of Charles VII: In 1429, Joan of Arc accompanied Charles VII to Reims, where he was crowned King of France. This coronation, traditionally held at Reims, was of great symbolic importance as it affirmed Charles VII's legitimacy as the true king and helped solidify his position as the ruler of France.
Influence on French Politics and Unity: Joan of Arc's military successes and her belief in divine guidance had a profound impact on French politics and unity. Her actions helped rally the French people behind the cause of the Dauphin, fostering a sense of national identity and loyalty. She became a symbol of French resistance and a unifying figure during a turbulent period in French history.
Trial and Execution: Despite her military accomplishments, Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians, allies of the English, in 1430. She was subsequently handed over to the English and put on trial for charges including heresy and cross-dressing. In 1431, she was found guilty and burned at the stake in Rouen, France.
Rehabilitation and Canonization: In 1456, a posthumous trial was conducted, resulting in Joan of Arc's rehabilitation and the overturning of her conviction. She was declared innocent of the charges brought against her. In 1920, she was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, becoming one of France's most revered historical figures.