Open standards are measures and norms developed, approved, and maintained for the public by a governing body and qualified contributors using a collaborative and consensus-driven process. Open standards enable interoperability and data exchange among different products or services so technologies can be widely adopted. These standards provide a clear and neutral foundation for OSS contributors to collaborate. Standards boards, such as the W3C for the internet, IEEE for engineering, computing and technology, and CNCF for cloud-native computing, provide clearing houses and guidelines for these standards.