Disorders of the esophagus, such as systemic sclerosis, cricopharyngeal spasms, and achalasia(refers to condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the esophagus fail to relax, which prevents the food from passing into the stomach), may affect the person's ability to swallow. The swallowing disorder can deprive the person of getting proper energy and nutrition. Lifestyle modification and exercise may help in most cases.