The Einstein Telescope is a highly sensitive measuring instrument. For the Einstein Telescope to function properly, an environment as noise-free as possible is important. Initial underground measurements from 2019 have shown that the topsoil has a dampening effect and thus the noise level in the hard surface is sufficiently low. This substantiates the claim that the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion is a promising candidate site. The measurements also showed that there is little margin for additional, new vibration sources. Previous studies have shown that wind turbines are an important source of noise (so-called seismic impact). Nikhef therefore asked the Dutch Province of Limburg to provide guarantees that no new activities will take place in the search area for the Einstein Telescope and a 10-kilometre zone around it that could lead to new vibration sources.
At Nikhef’s request, the (Dutch) Province of Limburg has set rules for wind turbines and excavations. Wind turbines in and around the search area for the Einstein Telescope are excluded; excavations are only possible if it is demonstrated that they are not disruptive to the Einstein Telescope.
The Flemish side has received a letter confirming the exclusion of these developments and has indicated its vigilance to ensure that such developments do not occur in Flanders and has announced formal action against ongoing initiatives. From the Walloon side, the importance has also been recognised and the Walloon government will investigate the technical compatibility of Einstein Telescope and wind turbines. Should this show that they are not compatible, new wind energy projects would be ruled out until – at least – the location choice for the Einstein Telescope. For this reason, in April 2023, the Belgian Council of State annulled some permits for wind turbine plans in the Walloon part of the search and protection area. No confirmation has been received (yet) from the side of NRW for their share in the protection of the buffer zone.
In the coming years, the complex geology combined with other relevant factors in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion will be further mapped out in order to determine the optimal location for the Einstein Telescope in this Euroregion. It is expected that with this information, the effects of wind turbines can also be better simulated. The intention is that this will also provide more insight into how mitigating (protective) measures can be used, aimed at suppressing noise for a properly functioning Einstein Telescope. These studies will produce results from 2024 at the earliest.