Heavy vehicles exert excessive pressure on the surface, leading to cracks and depressions over time. Extreme weather conditions, such as intense heat, freezing temperatures, and heavy rainfall, can also damage asphalt, causing it to expand, contract, and erode. Also, improper installation techniques can make a poorly laid surface more susceptible to damage. Finally, a lack of regular maintenance, including sealing and cleaning, can allow small issues to worsen, ultimately leading to costly repairs or replacement.