In women aged 25-79 years old, one study found snoring with or without sleep apnea to be related to the presence of diabetes mellitus. This is of particular concern, as diabetes is strongly related to cardiovascular disease and early death. An earlier study supports these results, having found a two-fold higher risk of developing diabetes in women who snore compared to women who do not snore. Fortunately, there is some evidence that in diabetic patients with sleep apnea, diabetic parameters improve when patients' sleep apnea is brought under control.