The primary tool that we use is the e-Collar, as, in our experience, has proven to deliver the best results. The e-Collar, by avoiding any delay between the offense and the correction, prevents confusion and uncertainty in dogs about what is expected from them. It also avoids the emotional stress to persons or pets that physical punishment often incurs. E-collars meet the stringent standards of professionals who are deeply concerned about the health and safety of the animals they work with. Unlike most traditional “shock collars” e-Collars use a form of stimulus that targets the neck muscles of the dog, mimicking the training methods of their mother. The latest technology allows for a wide pulse stimulation that provides a muscle reflex response rather than the jerking response found in the narrow pulse stimulation systems of old-style ‘shock’ collars. Our first concern is the best interest of the dog, and we feel that E-Collar Technologies provides the best and safest training collar.