There is no federal penalty for not having health insurance. Most states don’t incur penalties, either.
“However, some states do have individual mandates with enforceable penalties for noncompliance, including California, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Washington DC,” says Martucci.
Note that employers with a minimum of 50 employees are required to provide health benefits to 95% of their full-time workers (those who work over 30 hours per week) or pay a penalty. Coverage needs to be offered to workers and their dependents but doesn’t have to be offered to spouses.