Lightning Component Framework – It provides components and extensions that can be utilized to develop reusable custom components, standalone apps, and customize the Salesforce1 Mobile App.
Lightning App Builder – An UI tool that lets you build apps rapidly with the help of drag and drop components provided by Salesforce.
Lightning Connect – An integration tool to easily integrate Salesforce to consume data from any external source OData specification.
Lightning Process Builder – Lightning Process Builder in Salesforce is a visualization tool for the automation of business processes.
Lightning Schema Builder – It is a visualization tool used to view and create objects, fields, and relationships.
Check out our tutorial on various Components of Salesforce!