To extend the proposed integrated control strategy to battery packs or modules, the same principles can be applied but on a larger scale. Instead of focusing on a single cell, the control strategy would need to consider the interactions and dynamics between multiple cells within the pack or module. This would involve developing a model that accounts for the interconnected behavior of the cells, including how they affect each other's temperature, state of charge, and overall performance. The control algorithm would need to optimize the charging and thermal management of the entire pack or module, taking into consideration the varying characteristics of each individual cell.