To calculate the avoided CO2 emissions due to reduced energy consumption, use the following formula: Emissions Avoided (kg CO2) = Reduction kWh * Emission Factor (kg CO2/kWh) The 'Emissions Avoided' formula calculates the amount of CO2 emissions that have been prevented or reduced as a result of a reduction in energy consumption, as a result of energy efficiency measures or an overall reduction in energy consumption. Let's look at this formula in detail: 1. Emissions Avoided (kg CO2): This is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that have been avoided into the atmosphere by reducing energy consumption. 2. kWh reduction: This value represents the reduction in energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) achieved through energy efficiency measures or changes in behaviour. For example, if you reduced your electricity consumption by 10,000 kWh per year, this would be the value to enter. 3. Emission Factor (kg CO2/kWh): This value represents the amount of CO2 emissions associated with the production of one kWh of electricity in your country or region. The emission factor takes into account the energy mix (e.g. how much energy is produced from renewable sources, natural gas, coal, etc.) and can vary from place to place. It must be expressed in kg of CO2 emitted per kWh of electricity consumed. You can obtain this value from government sources, energy regulators or reliable environmental studies. When calculating avoided emissions, you multiply the reduction in consumption in kWh by the appropriate emission factor. The result will be the number of kilograms of CO2 that have not been emitted into the atmosphere due to your energy efficiency actions. Example: kWh reduction = 10,000 kWh Emission factor = 0.5 kg CO2/kWh Emissions avoided = 10,000 kWh * 0.5 kg CO2/kWh = 5,000 kg CO2 avoided. So, in this example, you have avoided the emission of 5,000 kg (or 5 tonnes) of CO2 due to the reduction of energy consumption by 10,000 kWh