The body tightly regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels to ensure they remain within a narrow range, as excessively high or low blood sugar levels can be harmful. This regulation is primarily controlled by two hormones: insulin and glucagon, both produced by the pancreas. The pancreas acts as the body’s glucose monitor and regulator. Here’s how the body controls blood sugar levels: Normal Blood Sugar Range: The normal fasting blood sugar range for most individuals is approximately 70 to 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). After eating (postprandial), blood sugar levels may temporarily rise but should return to within this range relatively quickly. Insulin Release (When Blood Sugar Is High): When blood sugar levels rise after a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin acts as a key that allows glucose to enter cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This process reduces blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells. Glucagon Release (When Blood Sugar Is Low): When blood sugar levels drop (e.g., between meals or during physical activity), the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. Glucagon signals the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This raises blood sugar levels and provides a source of energy for the body. Feedback Mechanism: The regulation of blood sugar is a dynamic process controlled by a feedback mechanism. When blood sugar levels rise, insulin is released to lower them. When blood sugar levels fall, glucagon is released to raise them. This feedback loop helps maintain blood sugar within the normal range. Other Hormones: Other hormones, such as cortisol and epinephrine (adrenaline), can also influence blood sugar levels, particularly during periods of stress or physical activity. These hormones can temporarily raise blood sugar to provide additional energy. Diet and Lifestyle: Diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle choices play a significant role in blood sugar regulation. Eating a balanced diet with appropriate carbohydrate intake, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy body weight can help support stable blood sugar levels. Medications and Medical Conditions: In some cases, individuals with diabetes may require medication or insulin therapy to help regulate blood sugar levels. Certain medical conditions, such as hormonal disorders or insulin resistance, can also impact blood sugar control. Proper blood sugar regulation is essential for overall health and well-being. Chronic disruptions in blood sugar levels, as seen in conditions like diabetes, can lead to serious health complications. Monitoring and managing blood sugar levels through diet, medication (if necessary), and lifestyle modifications are essential for individuals with diabetes and can also be beneficial for anyone interested in maintaining good health.