Active shareholders of listed companies in the UK usually influence the company’s operations through interaction with the company’s board of directors, or ultimately by exercising voting rights at a general meeting of shareholders. Various corporate matters require shareholder approval, which allows shareholders (especially major shareholders) to use leverage to exert pressure on the board. These matters include adopting new company articles of association (or revising them), re-electing all board members every year, approving directors’ remuneration policy (which must be reviewed and approved every three years), approving major company transactions, and granting the power to issue new shares, Cancel the statutory pre-emption right and approve related party transactions.