VPN tools use various encryptions and protocols to safeguard your data. The type of encryption and protocols used depend on the VPN brand you are using. VPN services generally support OpenVPN protocol as well as other protocols such as IKEv2/IPsec, Wireguard/UDP, PPTP/L2TP/IPsec, and SSTP protocols depending on the provider's network infrastructure.
The encryption level and strength also vary between providers, with most well-known providers offering high-end encryption services.