Jensen's Inequality is a fundamental result in mathematical analysis that relates the
convexity of a function to its expected value. It provides a mathematical relationship that holds
for convex or concave functions and is widely used in various fields, including economics,
finance, and probability theory. In economics and finance, it is used to establish bounds on risk
and return relationships, pricing models, portfolio optimization, and utility theory. In probability
theory, it helps derive bounds on expected values and moments of random variables.