Sometimes. If you are a self-employed member of a small business that operates as an LLC, the IRS allows you to set up a 401(k) plan for yourself. But not every member of an LLC is eligible, as there are some restrictions. For example, the IRS doesn't consider a member’s passive involvement in an LLC as self-employment when no services are provided to the business. Such individuals may not be able to participate in that company's 401(k). Consult with a certified financial advisor to better understand your options.