Epidemics refer to the occurrence of a higher-than-normal number of cases of a particular disease within a specific population or geographic area. It typically represents the spread of a disease or infection beyond the levels normally expected for that population. Epidemics can occur for various reasons, such as the introduction of a new pathogen, a decrease in immunity levels within the population, or changes in the behavior or environment of the affected individuals. It is crucial to understand and effectively respond to epidemics, as they can cause significant public health concerns and impact communities worldwide.