Contributions to a traditional TSP are tax-deductible and distributions are taxable income. Contributions to a Roth TSP aren’t tax-deductible, and distributions, after you’ve reached age 59½ and had the account for five years, are tax-free. Your contributions to a Roth TSP (but not any employer contributions) can be withdrawn anytime without tax or penalty. All withdrawals from a traditional TSP are taxable and may be subject to a penalty if made before age 59½.