Enzymes are employed in many ways to enhance health and combat diseases. For instance, enzymes like L-asparaginase are utilized in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of cancer. This enzyme works by breaking down asparagine, an amino acid that cancer cells need for growth, thereby inhibiting their proliferation.
Enzymes like streptokinase are used to dissolve blood clots in patients suffering from conditions like heart attacks or strokes. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which subsequently breaks down fibrin, the primary component of blood clots.
While enzymes offer significant therapeutic benefits, they may also induce side effects. To mitigate these, medical professionals employ several strategies. One approach is to administer enzymes in controlled doses, ensuring that the body is not overwhelmed. Another method is to use enzyme inhibitors, substances that decrease the activity of enzymes, to balance their effects.