A pre-surgery physical, or pre-operative examination, is generally performed upon the request of a surgeon to ensure that a patient is healthy enough to safely undergo surgery and anesthesia. This evaluation usually includes a review of medical history, a physical examination, a lung function assessment, a cardiac evaluation, and appropriate laboratory tests.   The medical history review typically begins by gathering basic health-related information such as history of surgical procedures, pre-existing conditions, and current medications. To better understand their current physical/health condition so the right decisions can be made for surgery, patients may be asked a variety of medical questions, such as known allergies, current medical conditions and factors associated with risks or complications.   A cardiac evaluation and lung function assessment are vital to understand the patient’s cardiovascular health; this system can potentially be impacted from surgery, leading to a variety of complications if not in good health. Therefore, lung and heart health must be confirmed prior to undergoing surgery.