VPF and PPF (Public Provident Fund) are similar in terms of tax benefits and interest rates. However, VPF is available only to salaried employees with an EPF account, whereas PPF is available to all, including self-employed individuals. VPF and NPS (National Pension System) are both retirement saving schemes but differ in risk profile, tax benefits, lock-in period, and withdrawal rules. Depending on individual income, risk appetite, and financial goals, an informed choice can be made between VPF, PPF, and NPS.