The cause of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is still unknown. However, with the results of recent research, it is theorized to be an autoimmune condition in which the body's defence mechanism attacks its own cells. Many risk factors are associated with prediabetes, some of which can be managed to reduce the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. A sedentary lifestyle and a diet consisting of high amounts of refined sugar (ex., soft drinks, candy, etc.) and red or processed meat (ex., steak, sausage, and cured meat) are considered risk factors. It is important to take note of your cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well. High amounts of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), also known as "bad cholesterol," and low quantities of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good cholesterol," are linked with insulin resistance and are also a significant risk factor for heart disease. Further, a high level of triglycerides, a type of lipid (fat), is associated with a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors for prediabetes include: being over the age of forty-five, being male, or having family members with type 2 diabetes. Numerous ethnicities also see an increased risk for prediabetes, most significantly the Indigenous population in Canada. Certain medical conditions also increase the likelihood of prediabetes, such as gestational diabetes (during pregnancy), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), heart disease, and sleep disorders.