FICO scores are updated as often as new information is reported to the credit bureaus. So, if you have a recent late payment, it will show up on your next FICO score.
But if you have since paid off that debt, and the creditor reports that fact to the credit bureau, then your score will go back up. In general, you can expect your FICO score to change whenever there is a significant change in your credit report. So, if you're trying to improve your score, make sure you keep tabs on your credit report so you can see the impact of any changes you make.