Aside from the payment aspect, there is not much difference. Unless you are deviating majorly from your field of study, there should not be much difference between a summer job and a summer internship. A summer job will also help you improve your management skills, confidence and get you some extra cash in return for your hard work. It will entitle more responsibilities to you and improve your core communication skills. At the same time, a summer job demands more energy and time. Working as an intern will boost your resume and skill, and will also get you the chance to hobnob with business celebs. However, most summer jobs will not get you a salary package you may be expecting. In fact, if you do not approach the right companies and the right people, you may end up paying for the work you will be doing.
To find out your best options search for summer internship options on Any Intern using your course keywords.