The process of scanning a 3D object can vary from scanner to scanner but getting your model ready for 3D printing is mostly a software task.
Stationary scanning involves the light source focusing on your object. You will have to move the object into various positions to capture all of the data required for a full 3D model. You can get a 360-degree turntable for this.
A handheld 3D scanner allows you to scan over the object yourself with guidance from software and your computer or tablet screen.
When scanning is complete you will use your scanner’s software to make any changes and render the model for exporting into a 3D printing format. You can then use 3D printing editing software and slicers to further prepare it for your particular printer.