Data security technologies play a crucial role in safeguarding information from threats like theft, manipulation, and unauthorized disclosure. Essential technologies include firewalls that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, and authentication and authorization mechanisms that verify user identities and permissions. Data encryption and masking help protect the confidentiality and integrity of data, while hardware-based security and data backup and resilience ensure data is recoverable in case of loss. Employing these technologies in conjunction with best practices forms a robust security framework.