There are many different types of roofing, and not all are suitable for all situations, but the basic types are asphalt, metal, and clay. Within each type are multiple sub-types, each with different benefits. Asphalt roofing tends to be the cheapest, and is the easiest to install and repair. Metal roofing tends to be more wind-resistant and lasts longer. Clay or terra cotta roofing is great for energy efficiency because the thick tiles retain heat well.