Phuang malai refers to intricately crafted garlands or floral arrangements that hold significant cultural and symbolic value in Thai society. These garlands are made by stringing together various fresh flowers, leaves, and sometimes additional decorative elements like ribbons, creating a visually appealing and fragrant adornment. “Phuang malai” is often used as offerings in religious rituals, ceremonies, and as tokens of respect, honor, and well-wishes for special occasions or events. The process of creating phuang malai involves careful selection and arrangement of flowers, which can vary depending on the purpose and the intended recipient. Different flowers hold specific meanings in Thai culture, and the arrangement may include a combination of colors and types to convey particular sentiments. The craft of making “phuang malai” requires skill and artistic sensibility, passed down through generations. These floral garlands play a vital role in Thai customs and traditions, being offered at temples and shrines, as well as during various ceremonies such as weddings, funerals, and traditional festivals. They are a tangible expression of respect, gratitude, and good wishes, reflecting the deep cultural significance of flowers in Thai society.