You can get a painter's caulk for anywhere from $3 to $15 a bottle, depending on the type of caulk you get. But on average, you can expect to pay about 15 cents per linear foot. This means you measure the length of each area you need to caulk and times it by 15.
Then, take that number and divide it by 60. That's how much you'll spend on caulk for an average-priced cartridge. So if you measure your 10x10 room and need to caulk the edge of it, then you will need 40 feet of caulk.
So take 15 times 40 which is 600. Divide that by 60 and you have 10. So you would pay around $10 for most caulk for that room's perimeter. This formula isn't guaranteed, but it can give you a good estimate.