While the Sierpinski tree offers improved performance in terms of array update and prefix sum calculations compared to traditional data structures like Fenwick trees, there are potential drawbacks to consider. One limitation is the complexity of implementation and maintenance due to its intricate recursive structure. The additional computational overhead required for constructing and traversing a Sierpinski tree may also impact overall efficiency for smaller datasets where simpler data structures suffice. Furthermore, optimizing Pauli weight in quantum computation using a Sierpinski tree may introduce challenges related to qubit entanglement management and error correction protocols.