While the study provides valuable insights into the predictive power of CT-derived markers for type 2 diabetes and related conditions, there are potential limitations and biases that need to be considered. One major limitation is the focus on a single-country cohort, predominantly consisting of young and middle-aged Korean men. This homogeneity in the study population may limit the generalizability of the findings to more diverse populations, including women and individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. To enhance the applicability of the results to a broader demographic, future studies should aim to include more diverse cohorts, encompassing a wider range of ages, genders, and ethnicities. By conducting multi-center studies with a more representative sample, researchers can ensure that the predictive models derived from CT-derived markers are applicable across different populations. Additionally, efforts should be made to address gender disparities by including a more balanced representation of men and women in future studies. By overcoming these limitations, researchers can improve the external validity of the findings and ensure that the predictive models are robust and reliable across diverse patient populations.