The bottom portions of pallet end frames that are exposed to possible collisions by forklifts or other moving equipment should be fitted with upright protectors and end-of-rack protectors. There are at least two schools of thought here, one that suggests racking protectors should be impact absorbing and attached directly to the racking frames. The problem with this is that the impact is still ultimately transferred through the protector and into the frame, the other problem is there is no early warning of contact with this type of protector, by the time the operator realises there is contact it’s too late. Protectors that are mounted independently of the racking frame can be manufactured from more robust materials and separated away from the frame meaning the risk of contact with the frame is minimised or eliminated, even if there is contact the impact loads are not transferred to the racking frame. We subscribe to the latter.