UV disinfection is a non-chemical method that utilizes ultraviolet light to inactivate or kill microorganisms in water. UV light, specifically in the UV-C range, damages the genetic material of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, preventing them from reproducing and rendering them harmless. UV disinfection is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and does not produce any harmful byproducts, making it an environmentally friendly option.