Sometimes, yes. Asbestos was commonly used in concrete roofing, flooring, and insulation. There are hundreds of concrete insulation products that contain asbestos.
Asbestos cement, sometimes referred to as “transite,” was frequently used for water and sewage pipes from the 1940s to the 1960s.
Another compound, called soft concrete, was used in roofing because it was strong and lightweight. A majority of the asbestos mined worldwide is used in concrete products.