Yes, pneumatic staplers require an air compressor to function. The compressor provides the air pressure needed to drive the staples into the material. The amount of compression needed varies from a stapler to stapler, but it's usually about 60-120 psi. A small portable air compressor can be used for this purpose, but it may not be able to keep up with the demand if the stapler is being used continuously. In that case, a larger tank or an industrial-size compressor would be needed. For occasional use, a small compressor should suffice. But if you anticipate using the stapler frequently, it would be worth investing in a larger unit.