A water shortage occurs when a region does not have enough clean and safe drinking water to satisfy its population. This can have severe health and economic impacts. As of 2022, there are 17 countries at risk of a water shortage (most in the Middle East), including Qatar, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Jordan, Libya, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, United Arab Emirates, San Marino, Bahrain, India, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Oman, and Botswana.