A positive ASO test does not directly indicate arthritis. It signifies exposure to streptococcal bacteria commonly associated with strep throat. In some cases, untreated streptococcal infections can lead to rheumatic fever, which may cause joint inflammation and, in severe cases, lead to rheumatic arthritis. However, a positive ASO test alone does not confirm arthritis; further evaluation by a healthcare professional is needed to determine the underlying cause of joint symptoms.