Yes, insurance companies share claims history with each other using databases such as C.L.U.E., which is run by Lexis Nexis and contains claims data from more than 99% of car insurance companies. Insurers can check a driver's claims history using C.L.U.E. if the driver wants a quote. Claims history information is important to insurance companies because drivers with a history of claims, especially at-fault claims, present more risk to insurers.
Insurance claims databases are the industry's equivalent of credit reports. Like credit reports, these databases are designed to provide a centralized record of a consumer's past behavior. This information helps insurance companies decide what premium to charge based on the individual driver. But rest assured that your claims history is only one factor that goes into your premium. Insurers will also consider characteristics such as age, driving record, location, and vehicle information.
For more information on insurance claims history databases and to learn how to check your claims history report for free, check out WalletHub's guide to C.L.U.E. reports.