There is no definitive answer to this question. It depends on the country you’re freelancing in and the type of work you’re doing.
Some countries do require work permits for freelancers, while others don’t. And some freelance activities may be exempt from work permit requirements in some countries and not in others.
So it’s important to check with the local authorities in the country you’re freelancing in to find out what is required. Generally speaking, most freelancers don’t need work permits. And if you’re a member of a recognized professional body, such as the American Bar Association or the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, you may be able to work without a work permit in some countries.