Multiple Sclerosis
MS lesions in the brain or spinal cord can disrupt the normal bladder process by interfering with the transmission of signals between the brain and urinary system.
Reference:  https://mssociety.ca/about-ms/symptoms
Spina Bifida
In children born with Spina Bifida, the nerves in the spinal cord that control the bladder may not form properly. The bladder may have difficulty storing urine, emptying itself or both. Clean intermittent catheriztaion (CIC) will be needed to protect the kidneys and prevent urinary tract infections.
Spinal Cord Injury
Depending on your level of spinal cord injury, changes may occur in the way your bladder functions. Before your injury, your brain would send a message to your bladder and  let you know when you had to go. The communication line is now not working and so you need to step in and manage the situation. While this can be frustrating at the start, it is important to note that with appropriate knowledge and training, you can remain independent and in control of your daily routine.
Reference:  http://www.sciontario.org/page/bowel-bladder-care