Recovery from transient substance-induced psychosis is the rule. The psychosis typically resolves in hours or a few days.
However, substance-induced psychosis can trigger or unmask a primary psychosis, particularly in those with a family history of psychiatric problems and those who start substance use early. Episodes of primary psychosis can last for months. Further, psychosis is itself neurotoxic, setting off inflammatory and other changes that damage nerve cells. For example, researchers have noted significant reductions in the levels of an important nerve growth factor, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), in persons with substance-induced psychosis. Such changes suggest diminished neuroplasticity and resilience of brain cells and make a strong case for prompt medical attention to substance-induced psychosis.