Healthy mitochondria are critical for producing cellular energy and ensuring cellular functioning and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction may occur due to a failure to maintain the electrical and chemical transmembrane potential of the mitochondrial membrane, changes in electron transport chain functioning, or reduced release of essential metabolites into mitochondria. These changes reduce the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) production (13).
Hence, mitochondria are an attractive target for treating, diagnosing, and preventing many chronic diseases, including metabolic disorders, neurobehavioral and psychiatric diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases (14).