Biodegradable materials are those that can naturally break down into non-toxic components through the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, within a relatively short time frame. For a material to be considered biodegradable, it must decompose into natural elements like water, carbon dioxide, and biomass without leaving harmful residues in the environment. Common examples of biodegradable materials include plant-based plastics, paper, cardboard, and certain types of packaging made from organic materials like cornstarch or bamboo. The key factor is that these materials decompose naturally and safely, reducing environmental impact compared to non-biodegradable alternatives like traditional plastics.