Oh my, it is going to be a messy answer because music terminology was never something I learned/used in English language. Sorry in advance, ask if some of the phrases don’t make sense, I’ll try again.I personally found two ways which worked for me:While listening to the song, pretend that you are a bas player :D Seriously, just try the bass strings until one of them sounds like it fits. This will let you know how many strings do you have to play the chord (like, open 6 strings is probably E(m), 5 = A(m), 4 = D(m)). And that’s pretty much the choice between major/minor that’s left for you. If the bass note you found is not an open string, it simply means barre - and the finger position like one of the 3 pairs of chords listed above. This way it is so much easier than trying to catch the whole chord at once.Learn chord progressions instead of individual choirs. Progressions (or cicrcles, however they called) are basically: Em-E-Am-B7-Em (small circle), Em-E-Am-D-G-C-Am-B7-Em (big one). I was mostly playing chords in this order while learning them, and than 90% of songs I ever faced mostly stuck to this order, all you needed was to catch which step does it start with. Of cause you can transpone all this line to the key which fits your voice (using cheat list like this one will make it easier).Good luck with mastering your guitar skills!