VBIEDs can be highly destructive. Not only can the bomb blast be lethal, but flying debris, such as glass, can present a hazard. VBIEDs can carry a large quantity of explosives to a target and cause a great deal of damage. The device can be delivered at a time of the terrorist’s choosing, with reasonable precision (depending on defences). It can be detonated from a safe distance using a timer or remote control, or can be detonated on the spot by a suicide bomber. The UK has a history of VBIED-based terrorist attacks which used fertiliser-based explosives dating back to the early 1970s. In 1998 in Omagh a device containing agricultural fertiliser (ammonium nitrates) was detonated, killing 29 people and injuring hundreds. In 1996 in Manchester, a device made from a mixture containing agricultural fertiliser devastated the city. Find out more about how to store hazardous materials safely and how to Secure your fertiliser.
8.1 Planning Vehicle access controls Use robust physical barriers to keep all but authorised vehicles at a safe distance. You should ensure you have effective controls, particularly at goods entrances and service yards:
do not allow unchecked vehicles to park in underground car parks or service areas directly below public areas or where there is a risk of structural collapse
demand that details be provided in advance for any contract vehicles and the identity of the driver and passengers coming to your goods or service areas
deny access to any vehicle that arrives without prior notice
Ask your local CTSA for advice on further measures, such as electronic surveillance (for example, automatic number plate recognition software) or options for protection from flying glass. Physical security Do what you can to make your premises blast resistant - paying particular attention to windows. You could have the structure checked by a qualified security or structural engineer. You will need to balance the installation of physical barriers (for example, bollards) against safety requirements. Check your fire safety risk assessment and the planning regulations. Personnel security Organise and rehearse bomb threat and evacuation drills. In a VBIED incident, windowless corridors or basements may be safer than outside assembly points. Train and rehearse staff in identifying suspect vehicles, and in receiving and acting upon bomb threats. Key information and telephone numbers should be prominently displayed and readily available. The CPNI provides advice on hostile vehicle mitigation and has published Integrated Security: a public realm guide for hostile vehicle mitigation.