All cases are different, but generally, first, the facts surrounding the case must be documented and preserved, evidence gathered, statements taken, and preserved. Things are evaluated, and a formal claim with the responsible parties are made. Usually, this is an insurance company, but it could be an individual, corporation or governmental entity. A case cannot be finalized or settled until all the damages are discovered which usually means the injured party must complete medical treatment and have a thorough knowledge of their injuries and long-term prognosis.