Vaping without nicotine is a better alternative to using cigarettes. Although some studies have shown that there is still a variable percentage of nicotine in vapes. Research has also shown that the base fluid, flavoring, and other ingredients can cause irritation, inflammation, and can be potentially toxic. However, much more research needs to be done on the effects of vaping. Acetoin, diacetyl, and acetylpropionyl are all potentially harmful chemicals that can be found in juice flavoring.