Complex trauma refers to repeated and prolonged exposure to traumatic events or experiences, often starting in childhood, that have a cumulative effect on an individual's psychological and emotional development. Complex trauma can occur as a result of abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), neglect, domestic violence, or other forms of interpersonal trauma.
Unlike a single traumatic event, complex trauma can have a profound impact on an individual's sense of self, relationships, and overall functioning. It can lead to symptoms such as difficulty regulating emotions, dissociation, identity confusion, chronic feelings of emptiness, low self-esteem, and a pervasive sense of being unsafe in the world.
Because of the complexity of the trauma, treatment for complex trauma often involves a longer-term approach that addresses the underlying emotional and relational issues that have developed as a result of the traumatic experiences.