Vehicle alignment is an elaborate process that brings a vehicle's suspension into proper configuration, positioning, and adjusting components so that a vehicle's wheels are aligned both with one another and with the surface of a road. Alignments should always be performed by a licensed, experienced technician and an alignment machine.
Newer alignment machines feature clamp-like devices that attach to the wheels of a vehicle (which is raised in the air via a vehicle lift) that link to a computer which helps make the precise measurements needed to align everything. During this time, a mechanic will also take the opportunity to make sure a vehicle's suspension components are not worn.
An alignment machine essentially squares a vehicle's wheels and axles with each other so that they're moving in the same direction. The mechanic will adjust the various suspension angles�known as toe, thrust, camber, and caster�that influence tire movement and position, while also ensuring the steering wheel is centered.