An aortic dissection is a medical emergency caused by a tear in the aorta. The aorta is a major artery responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When this tear occurs, it can cut off the blood supply to vital organs, such as the kidneys. As a result, kidney failure may occur due to a lack of fresh oxygen-rich blood flow. Fortunately, early detection and treatment can help minimize its effects and may prevent permanent damage.