As IG scholarship continues to flourish, an enduring trend is to explore the use of the IG in the measurement of concepts linked to various models, theories, and frameworks, often drawing on the assessment of features of institutional design. Researchers are continuing to explore the value of IG-based measurement of such concepts, relative to extant approaches. They are additionally exploring whether IG-based conceptual measurement supports, advances, or otherwise modifies understanding of phenomena that specific models, theories, and frameworks are designed to address. In doing so, such work is intended to support the development and testing of existing and novel models, theories, and frameworks that can be applied to evaluate the governance of social systems. Researchers engaged in work relating to this theme are drawing on approaches and methods rooted in and cross-cutting different disciplines. Some are also particularly interested in using the IG toward the study of institutional diversity within and across cases. Comparative assessments of institutional diversity further enable the testing and development of models, theories, and frameworks used to understand governance.