The earliest English women's writing is typically attributed to the late Middle Ages, to the likes of 12th-century courtly writer Marie de France and 14th-century visionaries Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe. But these women were not alone: there had been many others before them. The early modern period saw a rise in female authorship; from about 1550 to 1650, one out of every five books published in Europe was written by a woman. Many of these women were poor farmers' daughters who used their skills as printers' copyists to make a living. Some were educated at home or in small convent schools, while others learned their trade with a secretarial company or in a commercial office. A few even have names that you might find today in real-life novels by Jane Austen or Anne Brontë: Celia Fiennes wrote political tracts that are considered some of the first works on women's rights; Mary Wollstonecraft brought out her own book when she was only 24 years old; and Mary Shelley went on to write Frankenstein just three years later. After the death of Samuel Johnson, Margaret Nichols became the first female editor of the London Review. She managed this position for several years, during which time she also wrote articles for the magazine on subjects such as education and women's rights.