If your Mac is permanently muted, there could be several reasons for this issue. Here are some steps you can take to troubleshoot and potentially resolve the problem:
1. Check volume settings: Start by verifying that the volume on your Mac is not set to the lowest level or muted. You can do this by clicking on the volume icon in the menu bar or accessing the Sound preferences in System Preferences. Adjust the volume slider and ensure that the "Mute" option is unchecked.
2. Test audio output device: Verify that your Mac's selected audio output device is functioning correctly. Sometimes, if an external speaker or headphone is connected, it may cause issues with sound output. Disconnect any external audio devices and try playing sound from your Mac's built-in speakers.
3. Restart your Mac: Occasionally, a simple restart can help resolve software-related issues. Reboot your Mac and check if the sound unmutes after the restart.
4. Check for software updates: Ensure that your Mac's operating system and any relevant audio drivers or firmware are up to date. Outdated software may sometimes cause sound-related problems. Go to the Apple menu, select "System Preferences," choose "Software Update," and install any available updates.
5. Reset audio settings: If the issue persists, you can try resetting your Mac's audio settings to their default configuration. Open "System Preferences," select "Sound," go to the "Output" tab, and click on the "Use default" button. This will reset audio settings to their original state.
6. Verify audio settings in specific apps: Some apps have their own audio settings that could affect sound output. If the sound is working fine in some applications but not others, check the audio settings within those apps to ensure they are not muted or set to low volume levels.
7. Safe Mode troubleshooting: Booting your Mac in Safe Mode can help identify and isolate potential software conflicts. Restart your Mac and hold down the Shift key until you see the login screen. If the sound works in Safe Mode, it indicates that a third-party extension or software may be causing the issue.
8. Reset NVRAM/PRAM: Resetting the NVRAM (non-volatile random-access memory) or PRAM (parameter random-access memory) settings can sometimes resolve sound-related problems. Shut down your Mac, then power it back on while holding the Command + Option + P + R keys until you hear the startup chime for the second time.
If none of these steps resolve the issue, it may be necessary to contact Apple Support or visit an authorized service provider for further assistance. They can offer specialized guidance based on your specific Mac model and software configuration.