In process engineering, optimization refers to the use of mathematical techniques to improve the performance of a process or system. This can include maximizing production or efficiency, minimizing costs or waste or finding the optimal operating conditions for a process. Optimization can be applied to a wide range of processes, including chemical, mechanical and electrical systems. Techniques used for optimization can include linear and nonlinear programming, dynamic programming and simulation. The goal of optimization is to find the best solution that meets specified constraints, and it is an important tool for improving productivity and reducing costs in process engineering.