Lithium and lithium-ion batteries are two types of rechargeable batteries with significant differences in their composition and operation. Lithium batteries are primary batteries, not rechargeable, and use metallic lithium as the anode. Once their chemical reactions are complete, their energy is depleted, and they need replacement.  On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries are secondary batteries, rechargeable, and utilize a lithium compound as the cathode. They can undergo multiple charging and discharging cycles. Moreover, lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density than lithium batteries, making them ideal for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems.  Unlike lithium batteries, both lithium-ion and lithium batteries do not suffer from the memory effect, where capacity decreases if partially charged before recharging.  Additionally, lithium-ion batteries have better safety features, with built-in protections against overcharging and overheating, though both types require careful handling to avoid safety issues.