HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact with an infected person, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It is important to note that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils. Understanding these transmission routes is essential for effective prevention strategies, including safe sex practices, needle exchange programs, and education about the risks associated with various behaviors.