Urine output is one of the most important measurements of the body’s performance during anesthesia. For surgeries that last more than 3-4 hours it is recommended and important that a urinary catheter be placed for both monitoring and drainage. Bladder catheterization is done while the patient is asleep and is performed by our nursing staff or Dr. Egrari. There are risks involved with catheterization which include infection, bleeding, damage to urethra, irritation, need for urologic evaluation, and further procedures.