10-bit color refers to the depth of color information in digital images or videos, where each pixel's color is determined using 10 bits of data. In simpler terms, instead of the 256 possible values for red, green, and blue primary colors you get with the more common 8-bit color (yielding 16.7 million possible colors), a 10-bit system provides 1,024 possible values for each primary color. This results in over 1 billion potential colors, offering smoother color gradients and transitions. This enhanced color depth is especially valuable in post-production and color grading, as it provides greater flexibility and reduces issues like "banding" in gradients.