The first undersea telegraph cable was built between England and France in 1850, predating the development of the telephone. In 1858, a cable connecting Ireland and Newfoundland was completed, but the cable's insulation failed, and it had to be abandoned. Before the Honeysuckle Creek communication antenna opened in Australia in 1965, it's likely that the US military and/or NASA used X.25 circuits or earlier communication protocols using coaxial undersea telecommunication cables.