The first phase is building the car. These are emissions linked to the sourcing of materials and manufacturing processes needed to make that car. The second phase is using the car. These are emissions linked typically to the exhaust pipe, but also include impacts from producing the energy - both refining fuel and creating electricity. We also included the impact of maintenance across the life span. The third phase is scrapping the car. These are emissions coming at the end of the car’s life, such as dismantling it and initial processing before it gets passed onto other products.