These benefits are not automatic. You must apply for them, and you should do so as soon as you lose your job. The easiest and most convenient way is to file a claim online. You will need a NY.gov ID. You will also be asked to provide your Social Security number, mailing address, and phone number, as well as information about your employment for the past 18 months. You can also file a claim via telephone by calling 1-888-209-8124. Note that there is a one-week waiting period.