In Paley's approach, the teacher's role is multifaceted: Observer: Carefully watch and document children's play and stories. Facilitator: Support children's storytelling and dramatic play without dominating. Narrator: Transcribe children's stories accurately and respectfully. Co-player: Participate in children's play to extend learning opportunities. Paley (1990) emphasised that teachers should be active listeners and gentle guides in children's learning experiences.