(a) Earth is slightly flattened at the North and South Poles, and bulges in the middle. The shape of the Earth is described as a 'geoid', that is, 'an Earth-like shape'.
(b) Globe is a true model (miniature form) of the Earth.
(c) The Tropic of Cancer lies \\( 23 \\frac { 1} { 2 } ^ { \\circ} \\) north of the Equator.
(d) The three heat zones of the Earth are: the Torrid Zone, the Temperate Zone and the Frigid Zone.
(e) All parallel circles from the Equator up to the Poles are called parallels of latitudes. The lines of references running from the North Pole to the south pole are called meridians of longitudes.
(f) The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is known as the Torrid Zone. The mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all the latitudes in this area; hence, this area receives maximum amount of heat.
(g) In London, the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is followed. The Indian Standard Meridian is located \\( 82 \\frac { 1} { 2 } ^ { \\circ} \\)east of the Prime Meridian. Thus the Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. So, when it is 12 noon in London, it is 5.30 P.M. in India.