The limitation periods are as follows: Contractual claims. Under the Civil Code (most recently amended in 2020), the statute of limitations for a contractual claim is the first of the following: ten years from when the right becomes exercisable (20 years if the claim is for personal injury or wrongful death in breach of contract); or five years from when the right holder knows that the right has become exercisable. Tort claims. The statute of limitations for a tort claim is the first of the following: three years from when the right holder or their statutory agent discovers that they have suffered damage and knows the identity of the person or entity liable for the damage (five years if the claim is for personal injury or wrongful death); or 20 years from the time of the wrongful act. Japan has no concept of constructive or imputed knowledge, so the statute of limitations is based on actual knowledge. However, under an absolute statute of limitations, a claim in tort is finally barred 20 years after the tortious act. Product liability claims. These claims are subject to either: a three-year limitation period from when a right holder discovers that they have suffered damage, and knows the identity of the person or entity responsible for the damage (a five-year limitation period applies if the claim is for personal injury or wrongful death); or a ten-year limitation period from the delivery of a defective product. Ownership of land claims. There is no specific statute of limitation.