The various modules used in the spring framework are: Aop Module, Aspects Module, Instrumentation Module, JMS Module, JDBC Module, Object/Relational Mapping (O/RM) Module, Remoting Module, Transaction Management Module, Web Framework Module, and the Web MVC Framework module. Each module provides a specific function and serves a different purpose. For example, the AOP module provides support for aspect-oriented programming, while the Aspects module provides an implementation of the AspectJ aspects. The Instrumentation module provides support for class-instrumentation agents, while the JMS module provides support for messaging applications. The JDBC module provides support for database access and connectivity, while the O/RM module provides object/relational mapping capabilities. The Remoting module provides support for remoting services, while the Transaction Management module provides support for transaction management. Finally, the Web Framework module provides a basic web framework and the Web MVC Framework module provides a more sophisticated version of the same.