Studies have proven that hormonal fluctuations influence TMD. Estrogen is found to influence the inflammatory response and pain perception of the body. It reduces inflammation and increases the pain threshold of a human body. Moreover, estrogen is the hormone predominantly seen in women, especially during reproductive years. During the reproductive years, there will be fluctuations of estrogen levels in the body based on the menstrual cycle stages for women. As a result, there will be variation in inflammation and pain in the temporomandibular joint in women.