Your health insurance will only pay your medical bills; it won't pay any compensation for a shortfall in income. To cover this income shortfall, you can take out daily sickness benefits insurance. However, this only pays daily allowances for a maximum of two years. After that, you won't receive any more benefits.
It is after these two years that the disability insurance kicks in. This pays you the agreed pension until your standard retirement at the latest. You can choose the term for yourself.