HOA dues, which are sometimes referred to as HOA fees, are recurring fees homeowners pay to the homeowners association. The association uses these fees to cover the cost of maintenance and repairs required to keep the community's common areas in good shape. An HOA special assessment, also known as simply assessments, is a one-time fee imposed by a homeowners association to its members. Typically, HOAs only charge special assessments when unanticipated expenses arise.