Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) systems refer to hardware that is commercially and publicly available for procurement. Many agencies depend on COTS as a technological foundation, which they combine with proprietary software for deeper customization or to enable unique capabilities. The ability to integrate COTS into cost-efficient solutions for the field, data center, or cloud while meeting certification, ruggedization, and SWaP-C requirements is a top priority for federal and aerospace customers.