-According to convergence theory, collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place. This theory does not explain the inconsistency of group action—why collective action sometimes happens under such circumstances and other times does not. (theory of collective action stating that collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place.) -According to contagion theory, collective action arises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others. This theory downplays individual agency and does not explain the inconsistency of group action. (theory of collective action claiming that collective action arises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others with whom they are in close contact.) -Emergent norm theory emphasizes the influence of leaders in promoting particular norms that members of a group then follow. This theory doesn’t explain why particular people become leaders or why some actions emerge as norms within a group and others don’t. (theory of collective action emphasizing the influence of keynoters in promoting particular norms.) More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/sociology-201-ch-18/