The purpose of goosebumps is not entirely understood. They appear when small muscles flex in the dermis as a response to fear, cold weather, or something that we find inspiring, such as music. As far as fear is concerned, goosebumps are connected to the involuntary "fight or flight" response that we experience during an unnerving situation. They offer a warning that something nearby feels unsafe or wrong in some way. Early studies suggest that goosebumps can promote hair follicle growth and tissue healing, so they may have further potential.