Yes, you can. You could be off work for a year due to a musculoskeletal issue, such as back pain, and return to work after you’ve recovered. Then, in a few years’ time, you might develop a new condition and need more time off. You’d be able to make a second claim on your policy.
With long-term Income Protection you can make as many claims as you need to for as long as you need without affecting your monthly premium.