Donald Hoffman is a professor emeritus in the Department of Cognitive Sciences at the University of California, Irvine, with joint appointments in the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the School of Computer Science. Donald studies consciousness, visual perception and evolutionary psychology using mathematical models and psychophysical experiments. In his 2019 book “The Case Against Reality”, Donald argues that evolution has shaped living organisms such that they do not necessarily perceive the external world as it is. This “interface theory of perception” led Donald to a metaphysical view he calls “conscious realism”, which holds that consciousness is the primary reality from which the physical world emerges.