You must be familiar with LCD/LED technology to appreciate these panel types. An LCD/LED panel uses a standard backlight to illuminate the screen. It addresses each pixel individually to control the amount of light that passes through it. While the upside is that you get a flatter and brighter screen, the downside is that the backlight never goes off, compromising the contrast ratio.
A Mini LED divides the screen into a “dimming zone” using not just one but several tiny LED backlights. The result is a greater contrast ratio as the panel can turn off the LEDs that aren’t in use, resulting in deeper blacks.
A Nano IPS panel uses nanoparticles to absorb various wavelengths of the LCD/LED screens’ backlight. As a result, you get a considerably higher color gamut suitable for creative professionals and gamers.
OLED panels re-imagine the display technology by using individual Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) for each pixel. OLED panels turn off individual pixels when not required, resulting in deep blacks and an infinite contrast ratio.
QD-OLED or Quantum Dot-OLED screens build upon the concept of the OLED screen. OLED screens have unmatched contrast ratios but aren't the brightest screens on the market. QD-OLEDs take the OLED technology and use Quantum Dots to provide higher brightness levels.