You can use box springs under any size bed as long as it's an innerspring mattress. Box springs were designed for lighter-weight innerspring beds. So you can use a box spring set that corresponds to the size of your innerspring mattress, whatever size it is.
However, box springs will not work with any other mattress type, regardless of size. All-foam and hybrid mattresses are just too heavy for box springs. They'll overcompress and break them.