Canal rays also known as the anode rays were discovered by E. Goldstein when he was experimenting. These rays are positively charged ions that pass through a chamber of gas to reach the negative electrode also known as a cathode. The apparatus required to produce the canal rays is a glass tube having two metal ion pieces on either side and further connected to an external circuit.  The metal piece acts as an electrode. The air is evacuated to reduce the pressure on the gas, the electricity is passed through the electrodes and in this process, the gas gets ionized. Electrons, which are emitted from the cathode, collide with the gas atoms present in the tube by knocking either one or two additional electrons out of each atom. These collisions leave behind ions that are charged positively. The positive ions that are produced travel towards the cathode. And, any of the positive ions pass via perforations that create canal rays in the cathode disc. Both magnetic and electric fields deflect the channel rays in a similar direction to the cathode rays.