DREs and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests are cutting edge tests that identify whether the prostate is enlarged or has a tumour.
The PSA test is a blood test. If the levels have changed or the doctor detects something in the DRE, or there is a suspicion of a tumour, a biopsy must be performed.
Other exams may also be requested, such as an ultrasound or a special nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) – a multiparameter NMR of the prostate – to clear up any changes found.