In the Netherlands, the compensation you receive for your participation in clinical trials is regarded as income from work. This means that if you are not a Dutch citizen, the same rules apply to participation in clinical trials as to any other work. If you are a citizen of a member state of the European Union, Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland or Switzerland, you can work freely in the Netherlands and you do not need a permit. Citizens of all other countries need a Dutch residence permit from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) that states that work is freely allowed. A work permit for non-EU nationals ('TWV') or a combined work and residence permit ('GVVA') is not valid for participation. These are requested by the employer and are only valid for the work for which they were requested.