Tartar, also known as calculus, is a buildupbuildup of plaque that has hardened on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. When plaque is not removed, it turns into tartar. Tartar can only be removed by a dental professional. If tartar is not removed, it can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. To prevent tartar, brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, and see your dentist regularly for cleanings.