At the highest level, firewalls are a perimeter security technology, while microsegmentation is an internal security strategy. Firewalls focus on controlling traffic going into or out of a network. Microsegmentation divides the network into isolated segments and enforces granular security policies, often at the individual workload or device level. Microsegmentation controls traffic between these segments, limiting lateral movement and providing fine-grained control over access to resources, especially in complex, cloud-centric environments.