The short answer is that lasers use artificial light wavelengths.
Now, most light sources use a combination of all these long and short wavelengths.
In turn, the light is scattered around and soon dies down, meaning it can’t reach that far.
Lasers, on the other hand, only use one artificial wavelength, allowing the light to travel together.
As a result of that, it produces a narrow, bright, and focused beam.
And, since the light travels together, it doesn’t spread out, thus it can travel very far.
This is the reason why your laser beam travels much farther than, say, your flashlight.