Specific types of payments may be exempted from the requirement to conduct SCA. * Fixed-amount subscriptions (renewal payments) * Mail orders and telephone orders (MOTO) * Low-risk transactions (payment provider’s and issuing bank’s overall fraud rates for card payments do not exceed certain thresholds) * Payments below €30 * Trusted beneficiaries (pre-approved customers) Payment providers may be able to request these exemptions when processing the payment. The cardholder’s bank will then receive the request, assess the risk level of the transaction and ultimately decide whether to approve the exemption or whether authentication is still necessary. https://www.signifyd.com/psd2-strong-customer-authentication/