"Broad-spectrum" in sunscreen labeling refers to the sunscreen's ability to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays, two types of ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. Sunscreens labeled as "broad-spectrum" are designed to offer comprehensive protection, helping to shield the skin from both immediate sunburn (UVB) and long-term damage (UVA).
UVA Protection: UVA rays have a longer wavelength and can penetrate deep into the skin, causing long-term skin damage such as premature aging, wrinkles, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Sunscreens with "broad-spectrum" protection contain active ingredients that help block or absorb UVA rays, reducing their ability to damage the skin.
UVB Protection: UVB rays have a shorter wavelength and primarily cause sunburn and immediate skin damage. Broad-spectrum sunscreens also include active ingredients that offer protection against UVB rays by absorbing them and converting them into less harmful energy.