Yes, the results of an FBI background check can be appealed or challenged if an individual believes that the information is incorrect or incomplete. According to the Code of Federal Regulations, an individual may request the reason for the denial from the agency that conducted the check, either the FBI or the state or local law enforcement agency serving as the point of contact (POC). The request for the reason for the denial must be made in writing to the agency, and the agency must respond to the individual with the reasons for the denial within five days of receiving the request.
If the individual wishes to challenge the accuracy of the information upon which the denial is based, they may make an application first to the agency, either the FBI or the POC. If the agency is unable to resolve the dispute, they will notify the individual and provide the name and address of the agency that originated the document containing the information upon which the denial was based. The individual may then apply for correction of the information directly to the agency from which it originated.
Additionally, an individual may contest the accuracy or validity of a disqualifying record by bringing an action against the state or political subdivision responsible for providing the contested information or responsible for the transfer or against the United States as the case may be for an order directing that the contested information be corrected or that the firearm transfer be approved.