Officially, you cannot use the fast travel feature in Skyrim while playing survival mode. However, there is a way around as sometimes exiting a location and quickly pulling up your map will allow you to fast travel to a location while in survival mode. Like regular fast travel, your character will have to be in an exterior area to be able to fast travel. If this method does not work, keep popping in and out of the location to Skyrim's exterior, and eventually, you will be able to fast travel. This method won't affect your achievements as this is a bug technically.