In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some social experiments were put in place which tried to get back to a form of localised production that did not rely on the mass production techniques employed in factories. Chief among them was the English Arts and Crafts movement, pioneered by John Ruskin and William Morris. It was soon echoed in North America and Japan. The exponents of this movement favoured individualised decoration and applied it to crafts as diverse as pottery, woodturning, cabinet making, metalwork, glass blowing and weaving. Items produced in this period are still much sought after.