Hyperpigmentation, as pigmentation spots or pigmentation marks are also known, expresses itself through dark patterns of spots and patches on the skin caused by excessive melanin production. This is a natural pigment that also determines our skin and hair colour. Melanin is produced by cells known as melanocytes located in the outer layer of the skin. Exposure to sunlight causes melanin to darken the skin as protection against harmful UV radiation. Many people experience pigmentation spots as blemishes on the skin, especially when they are highly visible on facial skin.