Physical exfoliation involves the use of abrasive materials like scrubs or brushes to physically remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. On the other hand, chemical exfoliation utilizes acids or enzymes to dissolve the bonds holding dead skin cells together, promoting their shedding. Physical exfoliation works on the skin’s surface, while chemical exfoliation penetrates deeper into the skin to provide a more thorough exfoliation. Each method has its own benefits and considerations for different skin types and concerns.