Thus, under the bystander rule, even if someone was neither involved in nor witnessed the accident of a loved one, if they “come up on the scene soon after” the accident they may be able to recover. How “soon after” the accident has been held to be a question of law for the judge to decide, and in the 2007 case Smith v. Toney, the Indiana Supreme Court adopted the reasoning of a Wisconsin case and held that this proximity limitation was not just a question of the amount of time that had elapsed, but of the circumstances as well. Therefore, while there is no established bright line as to when a close relative must arrive at a scene, recover should be allowed “only by claimants who witnessed the accident or experienced the ‘gruesome aftermath’ of the accident ‘minutes’ after the accident occurred with the victim at the scene.” Bystander claims are not intended to compensate everyone who loses a loved one. The right to recover damages is reserved for bystanders whose emotional distress arises from the shock of experiencing the traumatic event. It is not for those who learn of the event indirectly.