The structural features of 2C, particularly the N-terminal membrane-binding domain containing amphipathic helix regions AH1 and AH2, play crucial roles in its functions during the viral replication cycle. AH2, responsible for 2C oligomerization and membrane binding, facilitates the clustering of membranes, aiding in the coalescing of replication organelles and lipid droplets. This membrane clustering function is essential for the early stages of viral replication. Additionally, 2C's ability to recruit RNA to membranes, especially double-stranded RNA, is vital for RNA replication and particle assembly. Despite lacking detectable helicase activity, 2C exhibits ATPase activity and ATP-independent, single-strand ribonuclease activity, further contributing to its multifaceted roles in viral replication.