There are several texts that determine regulations regarding personal data protection, providing general and more precise guidelines:   Internationally: Convention 108, for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, is a binding treaty open for signature to all countries. In Europe: Regulation 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data GDPR), as well as Directive 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties. Nationally: Many countries have adopted national regulations on the protection of personal data. For example, this is the case for all EU member countries.