The exact cost depends to a great extent on the mixture of gases captured. If there is a high proportion of carbon dioxide, at high pressure and on a large scale, it is relatively easy to capture, making costs lower than for dilute or low-pressure exhaust gases.
For industries making fertilizers or ethanol, capture cost is well below $50 per tonne; for steel it can be around $100 per tonne, rising up to around $250 per tonne for aluminium.
Compression costs will vary depending on the capture and associated industrial process but can be high to meet pressure specifications.
Local storage and loading costs may be relevant if transportation of CO2 to the permanent storage site is to be done by truck, ship or rail.
Emitters need certainty on the specifications (around purity and pressure) of CO2 to be delivered to the transport & storage operator. The tighter the specifications, the higher the costs for the emitter. Impurities such as water, nitrogen, sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and mercury can have major implications, eg corrosion, for CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure and on how the CO2 behaves once it is injected into the target reservoir deep underground.