Common causes of heating system malfunctions include dirty or clogged filters reducing airflow, thermostat issues causing inaccurate temperature control, and problems with pilot lights or ignition systems in gas furnaces. Electrical component failures, such as in the blower motor or ignition control, can also lead to malfunctions. Insufficient maintenance, wear and tear on components, and irregular system inspections contribute to these issues. Regular professional maintenance helps identify and address potential problems, preventing malfunctions and ensuring the efficient operation of heating systems.