• Sample-based statistical research: sampling and inference is a key • When it comes to Big Data, we can essentially analyze the entire data set, not just a subset. • In order to do so, we need to either have the ability to collect or access huge data sets, perform analyses on them using platforms like supercomputers, and identify interesting correlations/patterns among the data. • Based on (spatial) patterns from the big data, researcher can predict the future trends (no inference necessary