Logging is not limited to the monitoring of physical systems. It can be used to monitor the performance of applications, network traffic, and more. Telemetry, on the other hand, is specific to monitoring physical systems and their performance. In other words, Logging is the local collection of data while telemetry is the remote transmission of data.
The main difference between logging and telemetry is that logging captures data from all aspects of a system while telemetry captures data only from physical systems. Logging can be used for troubleshooting whereas telemetry is used for performance analysis.