The federal False Claims Act (FCA) permits the filing of whistleblower claims, also known as qui tam actions, where federal funds are involved through government purchasing or other government programs. Most states, including California, have false claims acts that parallel the federal FCA, for whistleblower claims involving state or local funds. The California False Claims Act (CFCA) permits the filing of qui tam actions on behalf of the state, a local entity or entities, or both the state and local entities. FCA and CFCA violations arise in a wide range of industries and settings, including: Healthcare fraud, including fraud against Medicare and Medi-Cal (Medicaid). Government contracting fraud, including fraud in public works programs, defense contracting, information technology products and services, and homeland security. Fraud in other government programs, such as education funding, tariff and customs fraud, and research funding programs. Housing and mortgage fraud and other government loan guarantee fraud. Financial fraud against government entities as investors or market participants.