PV cells convert sunlight into electricity, essential in solar energy systems and sustainable energy transition to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. However, it's important to recognise that their production raises ethical and environmental issues. The mining of rare earth minerals, necessary for PV cell manufacturing, occurs in regions like China's Inner Mongolia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This leads to environmental degradation, water pollution, and health risks for locals. Human rights concerns also arise from poor working conditions in mines. Additionally, the disposal of PV cells, containing hazardous materials, poses environmental challenges if not correctly recycled. Addressing these issues is vital for a responsible adoption of solar energy.