Probably not in most cases. It is important to remember that Social Security is not for people who are temporarily disabled. One would have to have an illness that is very serious and of a long-standing nature to qualify for Social Security Disability benefits. The rule of thumb is the disability has to be expected to last more than 12 months and you must be permanently, and not partially, disabled to receive such benefits. Very serious cases of Covid-19 may qualify if the projected recovery period is going to be over 12 months. Moreover, one might be able to get Social Security Disability benefits if the illness is terminal.