While some types of laser cutting, such as CO2 and fiber lasers, can create a heat-affected zone (HAZ) on thicker or heat-sensitive materials, modern advances in laser technology have mitigated this issue. Ultrafast lasers like femto and pico operate on extremely short pulse durations, which significantly reduce or even eliminate heat transfer to the surrounding material. This makes them ideal for applications where maintaining the material’s integrity is essential, such as in medical devices, thin films, and microelectronic components.