A complex concept is made up of intricate and interconnected ideas that require a deeper cognitive process. It's not as simple as black and white and can take more effort to take apart and fully understand as it consists of several parts. This can be mostly seen in the sciences, philosophy, maths, and art, and often requires certain expertise and knowledge of jargon to comprehend. Take for example Einstein's theory of relativity or Jean-Paul Sartre's concept of freedom which cannot simply be explained in just a few words. Half of the battle is understanding complex concepts but the real challenge is getting your message across to learners and everyday audiences. As an educator or L&D professional, it is your job to simplify these complicated concepts and communicate them to learners in such a way that they can grasp them and apply this knowledge in their lives.