(a) The working class in Europe was more unified than the working class in Russia. In England and Germany, workers organised organisations and battled for improved living and working circumstances. These organisations established funds to assist employees in need. The demand for a decrease in working hours and the opportunity to vote was echoed by workers across Europe. Workers' organisations also backed political parties and, eventually, created their own political parties. parties founded by socialists and trade unionists include the Labour Party in the United Kingdom and the Socialist Party in France. (b) The Russian workers, in contrast to the European working population, were not unified. Workers were classified into groups based on their profession. Employees who had employment that required expertise and training thought of themselves as being on a higher level than unqualified workers. Workers had strong ties to the communities from whence they came, which created a social division among them. Workers' organisations have exploded in Russia, as they have in Europe. They wanted a reduction in working hours and a raise in pay. The administration put a stop to the employees' protests.