One of the key differences between membranes and filters is that membranes can be used to selectively remove certain molecules from a solution, while filters cannot. This means that membranes can be used for things like desalination or water purification, where you want to remove salt or other contaminants from water. Filters, on the other hand, are more effective at removing larger particles such as dirt or debris.
Another difference between membranes and filters is that membranes are typically made of synthetic materials, while filters are usually made of natural materials. This means that Membranes tend to be more expensive than filters.