Havdalah involves several symbolic elements:
Wine: A blessing is recited over a cup of wine or grape juice, representing joy and the sanctification of the new week.
Spices: A fragrant spice box, typically containing cloves or other aromatic herbs, is passed around for participants to smell, awakening the senses after the departure of the Shabbat spirit.
Candle: A multi-wicked braided candle, known as a Havdalah candle, is lit, symbolizing the light of the new week and the distinction between light and darkness.
Blessings: A series of blessings are recited, expressing gratitude for God’s separation between holy and ordinary, light and darkness, and Israel and other nations.
Songs and Prayers: Various hymns and prayers are sung or recited, expressing joy, gratitude, and hope for the week ahead.