Innate immunity is accomplished by providing different types of barriers to the entry of the foreign agent or any pathogen into our body. It is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defense.Cytokines are cell-signaling low molecular weight extracellular proteins synthesized by immune cells. Cytokines are produced by many cells like the cells involved in defense mechanisms like macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells as well as by the endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Cytokines indirectly act by stimulating an inflammatory response.Cytokine barriers include interferons, a type of protein secreted by the virus-infected cell which protects the non-infected cells from further viral infection. Interferons will act by inhibiting viral replication as they stimulate the synthesis of enzymes that inhibit the synthesis of proteins required for the replication of the virus. - Cytokines sometimes trigger other cytokine releases and also lead to chronic inflammation and other immune responses like a fever. - It also plays a role in anti-inflammatory pathways that can be used for treatment. - Cytokines are also used in the treatment of various diseases. For example, alpha-interferons are used in the treatment of hepatitis C, and interleukin factor-2 is used in the treatment of cancer.