Fluoride(sodium Fluoride, stannous fluoride): Fluoride forms a protective layer known as fluorapatite over the enamel surface. Hydroxyapatite /Nano hydroxyapatite: This is calcium phosphate, a safer and more effective alternative to fluoride. It creates a coating on top of enamel that is difficult to break down, preventing erosion. Also, it prevents bacteria from sticking onto the enamel surface, thus acting as an anti-cavity agent. Glutamic acid and growth factor fibrin FS are capable of stimulating odontoblasts to form a new dentin layer to cover the caries area. In this way, with the thickened enamel and dentin layer, your teeth are able to protect against dental plaque and acid.