In freeze-drying, the moisture is removed from the bovine colostrum in a frozen state under extreme negative pressure and in an extremely dry environment – the water evaporates directly from the ice without first liquefying. Freeze-drying is the gentlest processing method, as the raw material is not exposed to any heat or air. However, it’s also a very lengthy and costly procedure that takes hours to days. The spray-drying process is much faster – it takes only a few seconds. In this technique for drying solutions, suspensions or emulsions, the raw material is finely atomised and injected into a stream of hot gas (usually air). Due to the enormously increased total surface area of the raw material, it is dried to a fine powder in a very short time.