Early spay/neuter surgery in puppies and kittens can have potential long-term health risks. Some studies suggest an increased risk of certain cancers, such as osteosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma, particularly in larger breeds. Additionally, early spaying/neutering may contribute to joint disorders like hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament injuries due to altered growth plate development. Hormonal imbalances can also affect growth and metabolism. It is essential to weigh these risks against the benefits and consult a veterinarian to determine the most appropriate timing for the procedure based on the pet's specific needs and health.