Ocular melanosis affects 16 million people worldwide. The number of cases reported globally has increased every year since 2001. Most cases occur in Africa and Asia, with approximately 90% of cases occurring in people living in low-income countries. However, ocular melanosis has been reported in all parts of the world, including Europe and North America. It has been reported that one in five people who live in African countries has had ocular melanosis at least once in their lifetime. It has been reported that almost half of all patients with ocular melanosis are not diagnosed or treated properly. The condition can have devastating effects on patients’ lives and can result in loss of vision, reduced vision, poor vision and even blindness. It can lead to visual impairment or blindness if left untreated. It has been reported that patients with ocular melanosis have an annual risk of blindness of 20% per year, which can increase up to 100% if left untreated.