Errorless learning is a technique based on the principles of implicit, or “incidental,” learning, in which complex knowledge is gained without significant conscious control.
For example, we rely on implicit learning to acquire our first language and develop social skills. This style is distinct from explicit learning, in which conscious control is required to internalize new knowledge, such as learning a dance routine or memorizing your times tables.
Because EL relies on the brain’s implicit learning and memory centers, it is a promising technique for individuals with impaired explicit memory, such as those with autism or dementia. However, EL can still be a useful tool even for those without memory or learning deficits.
EL requires the use of high repetition, low variability practice methods to teach a task or behavior. Rather than allowing the client to learn by trial and error, the teacher provides very specific cues to ensure that the learner completes the task perfectly (or nearly so) from the first attempt.
The task is repeated multiple times (high repetition) with the same cues each time (low variability). When the learner can consistently perform the task perfectly with these initial cues, the teacher gradually begins to withdraw, or “fade,” the cues given, until the client can perform the task correctly without any external cuing.