Ans. Topographic features, such as mountains, have a significant influence on atmospheric circulation and local weather patterns. When air encounters a mountain range, it is forced to rise, leading to the formation of orographic clouds and increased precipitation on the windward side. As the air descends on the leeward side, it creates a rain shadow effect, resulting in drier conditions. This interaction between air and topography can create distinct climate zones, affect the distribution of rainfall, and influence the formation of local weather systems. Mountains can act as barriers to the movement of air masses, causing them to be diverted or trapped, further impacting atmospheric circulation.