While each of the main approaches each has a variety of offshoots; the primary two theoretical approaches are psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches.
Psychodynamic therapy includes examining and resolving unconscious conflicts. The client’s early history is seen as extremely important in the forming of the character of the person and in the forming of patterns of unconscious thinking that may influence people in their present day life. The relationship between the therapist and the client is also seen as very important and is primary in the healing process. Unconscious patterns are discussed and understood, as is the relationship between the therapist and client.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on helping clients identify and examine faulty beliefs and ineffective behaviors. It is focused on the present, and the client’s family background is seen as less relevant. Unconscious patterns are not examined, nor are dreams, or the relationship between the client and therapist.
I operate from a psychodynamic background primarily. I believe that that is the way to heal individuals on a longer-term basis. While it is important to incorporate some cognitive work, and I do, I believe without looking at the patterns that were adaptive to help people deal with whatever they needed to in childhood, these patterns cannot be changed in adulthood. These are often the very things that get in the way of people enjoying their life today.