Depending on the patient’s pathology, both the indications for bone marrow transplantation and the most appropriate source of donor material are determined. Depending on who is the bone marrow donor, the following types of transplantation are distinguished:
Autologous. Hematopoietic stem cells are obtained from the patient itself. The bone marrow obtained from the patient is frozen and stored at the temperature of liquid nitrogen all the time while the person is undergoing the necessary treatment and preparation for transplantation. Also, hematopoietic stem cells can be isolated from human peripheral blood, if the clinic has the necessary equipment. Indications for autologous transplant include lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, autoimmune diseases, a number of sarcomas, neuroblastoma, and even multiple sclerosis.
Allogeneic. A donor is a healthy person who is similar to the patient in a number of genetic parameters. This similarity reduces the likelihood of developing a rejection reaction and other transplantation complications. In this case, the donor may be a relative of the patient (brother, sister, parents) or not a relative. Indications for allogeneic transplantation are acute and some forms of chronic leukemia, severe aplastic anemia, the presence of congenital immunodeficiency in a child.