As with all surgeries, spinal fusion involves risks and potential complications. Complications may become serious and life threatening in some cases. Complications can develop during the procedure or throughout your recovery. General risks of surgery The general risks of surgery include: Anesthesia reaction, such as an allergic reaction and problems with breathing Bleeding, which can lead to shock Blood clots Infection Potential complications of spinal fusion Complications of spinal fusion can be serious and include: Nerve and blood vessel damage Pain at the bone graft harvest site Pseudoarthrosis, a condition in which there is not enough bone formation to support the graft. This complication is more common in people who smoke. If it occurs, a second surgery may be needed to correct it. No relief of pain or worsening of your symptoms Recurrent spinal symptoms Reducing your risk of complications You can reduce the risk of certain complications by following your treatment plan and: Following activity, dietary and lifestyle restrictions and recommendations before surgery and during recovery Notifying your doctor immediately of any concerns, such as bleeding, fever, increase in pain, or wound redness, swelling or drainage Taking your medications exactly as directed Telling all members of your care team if you have any allergies