Yes, you can absolutely get prescription swim goggles, though your options will be more limited. Luckily, the best overall swim goggles on our list — the Speedo Vanquishers 2.0 — have over-the-counter corrective options ranging from -1.5 to -8, and they still cost just $30.
If you have a more specific prescription, like needing bifocals, SportEyes.com has a full array of goggles that can be tailored to your exact needs.