Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1891–27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet and essayist of Jewish heritage. He was the spouse of Nadezhda Mandelstam and one of the main members of the Acmeist school of poets. On 1 February 1918, Osip Mandelstam published his first collection of poems, which was entitled "A Cloud in Springtime". This book was followed by three more poetry collections: "The Road Not Taken" (1922), "Stikhi" ("Pensées"), and "Journey to Lithuania" (1928). In addition to his poetic works, Osip Mandelstam also contributed essays on literature and art to various journals and newspapers throughout Russia. Many of these articles were compiled into two books: "The Stray Dog" (1926) and "The Stone Wall" (1929). In 1933, Osip Mandelstam went abroad to seek treatment for depression but he died at the age of fifty-two in Paris. He is regarded as one of the leading figures of the Acmeist movement along with Anna Akhmatova and Boris Pasternak.