The terms data security, data integrity, and data protection have overlapping domains, but are distinctly different concepts.
Data security is concerned with data confidentiality and data integrity. Data confidentiality relies on encryption to ensure that only authorized entities can access certain data. Data integrity relies on digital signatures to ensure that requesting entities are actually who they say they are, known as being authenticated. In the context of data on disk, data integrity can also refer to how faithfully data is reproduced, and is concerned with data corruption, data errors, etc.
Data protection is an emerging term and is seen as the logical next step in safeguarding organizational data as the cloud and remote work play a more prominent role in many IT operations. Data protection aims at safeguarding data from compromise, corruption, or loss in anticipation of critical data disasters that can cause business operations to halt. Data protection expects to recover from disaster and return to normal operating conditions rapidly by approaching data protection using a data life-cycle model. The data life cycle refers to the entire length that data exists within the system, from creation, ingestion, or capture, through processing, analysis, sharing, publication, until it is archived or destroyed.