Yes, this kind of complication may result in a false-negative test.
Ectopic pregnancy is a gestation located outside of the uterus. Such a situation is relatively rare and can occur in 1/100 cases. Pregnancy tests can detect hCG levels, the pregnancy hormone produced by both the embryo and the placenta. Due to the unnatural location of the implantation, the gestation is not developing correctly. As a result, the amount of hormones produced is often too low for the test to detect. Read more