In Selenium, an assertion is a statement that determines whether a specified condition is true or false. Assertions are used to verify that the application under test is behaving as expected. If the condition specified in the assertion is true, then the assertion passes and execution continues. If the condition is false, then the assertion fails and an exception is thrown.  For example, consider the following Selenium code that checks that the page title of a web page is "Google":  String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
assertEquals("Google", actualTitle);  In this code, the assertEquals() method is used to check that the actual page title (stored in the actualTitle variable) is equal to the expected title ("Google"). If the actual title is "Google", then the assertion will pass and execution will continue. If the actual title is something other than "Google", then the assertion will fail and an exception will be thrown.  Assertions are a useful way to verify that the application under test is behaving as expected and can help identify issues early in the development process. They are an important part of Selenium testing and are often used to validate the results of test cases.