The sacral spine sits and the lower end of the spinal column. Damage here tends to affect the lower extremities. In most cases, sacral spine injuries are the least severe.
The thoracic spine stretches down most of the upper and mid-back. Injuries to the thoracic spine can cause paraplegia and severe pain.
The lumbar spine is in the lower back. Injuries to this area of the spine can significantly affect the lower extremities.
Finally, the cervical spine is located primarily in the neck and upper back. Cervical spine injuries are often the most severe and can substantially affect the entire body below the neck