Barbacoa and carnitas are both popular Mexican meat dishes, but they differ in their ingredients, preparation methods, and flavors. Barbacoa is typically made with beef, although it can also be made with lamb or goat. The meat is traditionally slow-cooked until tender, with spices such as chipotle chilies, cumin, garlic, and Mexican oregano. Carnitas, on the other hand, is made with pork, specifically using cuts like pork shoulder or butt. The meat is typically simmered or braised until tender, along with seasonings like garlic, citrus juices (often orange or lime), and herbs such as oregano and bay leaves.