The penalty for late filing of Form 8843, which is used by nonresident aliens to claim an exemption for a certain number of days present in the U.S., is $10 for each day the form is late. The maximum penalty amount is $5,000. However, if the failure to file is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, the penalty may be waived or reduced. It's important to note that penalties and guidelines may change, so it's best to consult the official resources or a tax professional for the most accurate and up-to-date information.