The human body is composed of roughly 30 trillion cells that collectively perform the essential functions of life. The cells can perform these life-sustaining tasks with the help of several organic molecules present in them. These organic molecules are referred to as biomolecules.
The biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and structures, and they are involved in a vast array of life functions. They are composed of more than 25 naturally occurring elements, with the primary elements being carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur. Carbon compounds have major involvement in the formation of biomolecules. They covalently bind with other elements to form several other compounds. Some biomolecules are considered derivatives of hydrocarbons, they’re formed by replacing hydrogen atoms from functional groups like alcohols, amines, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic groups. The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Apart from these, there are various other biomolecules that are involved in carrying out the metabolic activities.