Amla contains hydrolyzable tannins, such as emblicanin A and B, pedunculagin, and punigluconin, that have strong metal-binding capacity and can reduce the availability of transition metal ions, such as iron, copper, and zinc, for ROS generation. These metal ions are present in the environment and can catalyze the formation of ROS, such as hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. By chelating these metal ions, amla can prevent or reduce ROS formation and oxidative stress.