C: C is a low-level, imperative programming language that was developed in the 1970s It is widely used for system programming, developing operating systems, and embedded systems It is fast and efficient, but difficult to learn due to its lack of built-in high-level constructs   Java: Java is an object-oriented, class-based programming language developed in the 1990s It is widely used for enterprise applications, web development, and mobile app development It is known for its “write once, run anywhere” philosophy and strong security features   Python: Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language developed in the late 1980s It is widely used for scientific computing, data analysis, web development, and artificial intelligence It is known for its simplicity and ease of use, making it a popular choice for beginners   Scratch: Scratch is a visual programming language developed by MIT Media Lab in 2003 It is designed for children ages 8 to 16 to learn programming in a fun and interactive way It uses blocks to represent code, making it easier to understand and more accessible to young learners.