Common causes of emergency plumbing issues include burst pipes, which can happen due to freezing temperatures or excessive water pressure. Clogged drains and blocked sewer lines are also frequent issues, often caused by debris buildup, grease, or foreign objects. Leaking water heaters and failing sump pumps can lead to flooding, requiring immediate attention. Additionally, toilet overflows or severe leaks from faucets and fixtures can create water damage, making them urgent problems. Addressing these issues quickly can prevent costly repairs and property damage.