Precast concrete is a structural material that can be used as the primary structural system of a building transferring roof, floor, and lateral loads. Precast enables designers to integrate structural and envelope (architectural) systems reducing the total materials, detailing, costs, construction complexity, and more. Sometimes, this is referred to as "Total Precast Systems" or TPS. The design versatility of precast concrete allows for almost any shape element, such as curved and radial sections, with flexibility in connection points and load paths. High strength prestressed concrete structural members also deliver exceptional load-carrying capacity, which can result in smaller sections, longer spans, or both when compared to other structural systems. Architecture is combined with structure by integrating the exterior façade into a loadbearing system. Vertical shaft construction combines personnel and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) delivery systems with structural systems and advances construction access vertically through the project. MEP integration allows for the most efficient mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems to be utilized, while structural and architectural systems are coordinated to accommodate necessary physical space requirements. Other peripheral systems such as windows, interior finishes, and embedded hardware are readily integrated into what was previously raw, core-shell construction.