The average surface temperature of Saturn is quite cold, averaging around -178 degrees Celsius (-288 degrees Fahrenheit). It's important to note that Saturn, as a gas giant, does not have a solid surface like Earth. Therefore, when referring to its "surface" temperature, it typically means the temperature at the top of Saturn's clouds. This low temperature is due to Saturn's distance from the Sun, receiving much less solar energy compared to planets like Earth. However, Saturn also generates internal heat through the process of kelvin-helmholtz contraction, which slightly elevates its temperature above what would be expected from solar heating alone.