• Tobacco Use: The risk of tongue cancer is greatly increased by smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco (such as snuff or chewing tobacco). The carcinogens in tobacco can harm oral and tongue cells, resulting in malignant alterations.
• Alcohol Use: Drinking alcohol excessively and continuously increases the risk of tongue cancer. Alcohol can irritate and harm oral and tongue cells, increasing their vulnerability to cancer. Human
• Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: A higher risk of tongue and oropharyngeal malignancies has been linked to HPV infection, specifically with strain 16 of the virus. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the mouth and throat tissues, resulting in aberrant cellular alterations and perhaps malignant development.
• Bad Oral Hygiene: The risk of tongue cancer might be increased by long-term poor oral hygiene and dental health habits. Maintaining good dental hygiene lowers the chance of infections as well as the possibility of long-term tongue and oral tissue irritation.