The first thing you should do when doing rug maintenance, is shake the dust off of them. A lot of times a carpet needs nothing more than the dust shook off of it for it to look good and smell fresh again.
To get the dust out of your Oriental rug, follow these steps:
Physically pick the carpet up by one end and shake it like you were trying to make a picnic cloth lie flat
Hang the rug over a line and gently beat the dust out with a rug beater.
Turn the rug over so it is upside-down and vacuum the back of the rug. The vibrations should loosen up the dust that is embedded deep in the pile and cause the dust to fall to the floor. Then just get rid of the dust that fell to the floor and vacuum the face. Keep doing this till you see that there is no more dust collection on the floor when you turn the rug over (please note that for this to work, you need a vacuum that has bristles and you should move the vacuum slowly).