If you make it at home, the biggest difference is that a caramel brulee latte has both whipped cream and candy bits as a topping, whereas a regular caramel latte does not.  If you order the drink at your local Starbucks, caramel brulee is only available during the holiday season, whereas the caramel latte is available all year round. The Starbucks caramel brulee sauce is also thicker than their normal caramel syrup.