Summary: Patients with iron overload hypertension have a potentiation of sympathetic activation defined by high blood pressure, which appears to be connected to iron load and the metabolic changes that typically accompany this illness. Treatment involves removal of the cause and control of the hypertension. Iron overload can result from treatment for chronic diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis or from blood transfusions. Chronic kidney disease is also associated with iron overload because patients with these conditions require more frequent blood tests to monitor their treatments. Iron is an essential nutrient needed for healthy growth and development of all organs including the heart. However, excess iron can be toxic; it can accumulate in different parts of the body where it can cause serious problems if not removed. The two main sites of accumulation are the liver and heart. Iron overload can lead to heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, stroke, and vision problems. It can also lead to anxiety, depression, and problems with sleep and concentration. Patients with hemochromatosis may develop high levels of iron in the body without any symptoms. This condition is usually caused by mutations in the HFE gene, which leads to decreased production of ferritin protein. Decreased production of ferritin allows for increased absorption of iron from food sources and decreases its storage in cells.