False positives occur when an IPS mistakenly identifies legitimate traffic or activities as malicious, leading to unnecessary blocking or alerting. False negatives, on the other hand, happen when the IPS fails to detect actual threats, allowing them to pass through undetected. IPS solutions employ various techniques, such as fine-tuning detection rules, machine learning algorithms, and behavior analysis, to minimize false positives and false negatives. Regular monitoring, analysis of IPS logs, and fine-tuning of configuration settings are also essential to improve the overall accuracy of the system.