The study provides data on the investigation of vegetation cover in Smeltė Botanical Reserve. This protected area is the smallest state reserve (3.6 ha) established in Lithuania. The main function is to preserve the fragments of rare in Lithuania salt meadows (Cl. Asteretea tripolii Westhoff et Beeftink in Westhoff et al. 1962, Ass. Juncetum gerardii Nordhagen 1923) and red-listed plant species. Due to natural circumstances and anthropogenic activity, the plant communities are located in belts: sown meadows dominate on the upper terrace; on the central terrace – communities of Sedo-Scleranthetea Br.-Bl. 1955 and Aveno-Medicagetum falcatae Br.-Bl. et De Leeuw 1936 are still forming; on the lower terrace – the fragments of Juncetum gerardii Nordhagen 1923 community occur. Small area and inconsiderable diversity of habitats in the protected territory predetermined rather small number of vascular plant species: 163 of them were inventoried in 2007–2008; 4 red-listed plant species (Aster tripolium L., Glaux maritima L., Juncus gerardii Loisel. and Allium scorodoprasum L.) were recorded. More than 3 700 individuals of Aster tripolium, the thickets of Glaux maritima (35 m2) and Juncus gerardii (3 m2) occur. The future of plant communities and red-listed species will depend upon the quality of their maintenance and management according to nature management plan. Smeltė Botanical Reserve can become a unique example of preservation of natural values in intensively urbanized environment.