Decentralization is a crucial tool in the fight against climate change. However, the energy transition and decarbonization will not always be smooth. That’s also the case with decentralization and energy. Firstly, not all power grids are ready for decentralization. Reliable internet connections, smart meters, and two-way power flows — generate Virgin casinoor draw down — do not exist across all power grids. There are potentially millions or even billions of possible connections to a smart grid, from microgrid generators to smart meters. Monitoring such gigantic datasets brings about its own challenges. Reliance on internet-based technology, including the Internet of Things and connected devices to smart grids, opens power grids to hacking and cyberattacks. This weakness came to the fore in May 2021 when the Colonial Pipeline fell into the hands of hackers demanding ransom, cutting fuel to half of the U.S. East Coast. Many renewable energy sources are intermittent, meaning they aren’t always consistent as they are based on natural weather patterns and availability. For example, a wind turbine isn’t very helpful on a windless day, just like a solar panel can’t capture much sunlight on a cloudy day. Fossil fuel or nuclear plants must be available to provide immediate backup until utility-scale energy storage is available. Still, the International Energy Agency (IEA) finds that grid-scale electricity storage systems are behind the curve if net-zero emission targets are to be reached. Regulatory reforms are happening to counter this. For example, the United States Inflation Reduction Act offers an incentive via an investment tax credit to stimulate grid-scale battery storage interest.