a series of laws enacted by Parliament beginning in 1651.shipbuilding industry. New jobs for English dockworkers import taxes for government boom in colonial shipbuilding• No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships• All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial • The colonies could export certain products only to England• Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.