Modernist writers used a variety of stylistic strategies to distance themselves from realism writing. These included the use of many meanings in language, form experimentation, nonlinear storylines, sarcastic juxtapositions, and the purposeful obfuscation of meaning. Many modernists also used unusual words and phrases, obscure references, and free indirect speech to challenge readers to discover what they meant. Some modernists were also experimental writers who challenged traditional narrative techniques such as first-person narration, direct address, and simple plots. F. Scott Fitzgerald is an example of a modernist writer because he experimented with different styles and genres including novelists, short story writers, and screenwriters. He also used unreliable narrators as a tool for irony and humor. Other modernists were self-referential, producing work that refers to itself or uses other formal innovations such as paratexts (material attached to a text for informational or aesthetic purposes), enotes (short explanatory notes), and epigraphs (short quotations or excerpts). John Ashbery is an example of a modernist poet because he refers to himself in his poems, uses allusions to other works of art, and often creates puzzles by using ambiguous language. Finally, some modernists were social critics who used their writing as a weapon against prejudice and injustice.