Several countries have enacted laws and regulations to combat spam and phishing. These laws typically require commercial emails to include accurate sender information, a valid return address, and a clear indication that the message is an advertisement. They may also provide mechanisms for recipients to opt out of future messages. In some cases, laws have been established to impose fines or criminal penalties on those responsible for sending spam or conducting phishing attacks. International cooperation and collaboration between law enforcement agencies are also crucial in the fight against these activities.