A periodontist checks for gum disease through a comprehensive evaluation of your oral health. They perform a thorough examination that includes: Visual inspection: The periodontist visually examines your gums Probing: The periodontist measures the depth of the gum pockets around each tooth. X-rays: Periodontists may take dental X-rays to assess the condition of the underlying bone structure. Comprehensive examination: The periodontist evaluates the overall health of your gums, teeth, and bite alignment.