Tooth decay/cavities and gum disease are the two most common problems that affect your teeth. Cavities are caused by a buildup of bacteria and acid in the mouth, which causes the enamel to wear away and the tooth to rot. Cavities that are not treated promptly can result in infection, pain, and even tooth loss. Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is another major cause of tooth loss. When plaque and bacteria accumulate on the gums, they become inflamed and infected, resulting in loose teeth that are at risk of falling out. Swollen or irritated gums, throbbing mouth pain, constant bad breath, increased sensitivity to hot and cold, and tooth discolouration are some signs and symptoms.