There are a number of different ways to evaluate the makeup of your microbiome, but the easiest by far is using the at-home test offered by uBiome. All you have to do is request a testing kit, place a couple of small stool samples in the provided plastic containers, and mail them back to uBiome in the pre-paid (sanitary) packaging. uBiome leverages the latest DNA sequencing technology and research from the NIH Human Microbiome Project to give you unprecedented access to all the information that lies in your gut microbiome. I recently took this test and found it absolutely fascinating. Update: uBiome filed for bankruptcy in 2019 and stopped all operations.