The four basic elements of statistics are as follows:
Data: Data are the information or facts that are collected for analysis. Data can be collected through various methods such as surveys, experiments, observations, and interviews.
Variables: Variables are the characteristics or attributes being measured in the data. They can be classified as categorical (qualitative) or numerical (quantitative). Examples of categorical variables include gender and race, while numerical variables include age and weight.
Measures of central tendency: Measures of central tendency are used to describe the center of a data distribution. The three commonly used measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode.
Measures of variability: Measures of variability are used to describe the spread or dispersion of data. The two commonly used measures of variability are the range and standard deviation.