Relying solely on packet sizes and directions for fingerprinting may have limitations and drawbacks. One potential limitation is the lack of context or semantic information in packet sizes and directions alone, which may lead to challenges in accurately distinguishing between devices with similar traffic patterns. Additionally, variations in network conditions, such as packet loss, reordering, or encryption, can impact the reliability of packet sizes and directions as unique identifiers. Moreover, the static nature of packet sizes and directions may not capture dynamic changes in device behavior or communication patterns over time. Furthermore, the absence of payload analysis may limit the ability to extract device-specific information from the content of the packets, potentially reducing the accuracy of device identification.