Land degradation caused by over irrigation typically occurs in areas where the climate is arid or semi-arid and rainfall is scarce. This is because in these areas, plants are highly dependent on irrigation water for their survival. If too much water is used, it can lead to problems such as waterlogging, which can damage plant roots and lead to soil salinity. In severe cases, over irrigation can lead to desertification, which is the process by which fertile land becomes desert-like.