No, anemia results from insufficient hemoglobin levels, whereas iron deficiency is characterized by a lack of iron. You can have an iron deficiency without anemia, where your hemoglobin levels remain normal despite insufficient iron. However, iron deficiency anemia involves both low hemoglobin and iron levels. It's worth noting that anemia can also be caused by factors other than iron deficiency, like blood loss, inflammation, various nutrient deficiencies, and specific medical conditions.