Vitrectomy is generally a safe and effective surgery, but as with any type of surgery, there are potential risks involved. The most common risks associated with vitrectomy include: Bleeding: There is a small risk of bleeding during or after the surgery. Infection: There is also a small risk of developing an infection after the surgery. This can usually be treated with antibiotics. Retinal detachment: In some cases, the retina may become detached from the back of the eye after vitrectomy surgery.  Vision loss: Although vision loss is rare, it is possible to lose some vision after vitrectomy surgery.