There are a number of taxes you should be aware of, including:
income tax - this must be paid on certain types of income (eg money earned from employment, rental income and income derived from trusts)
capital gains tax - this must be paid on any profits made from the disposal of certain assets which have increased in value
inheritance tax - this must be paid on inheritance received over a set threshold
national insurance - this is a tax on earnings and self-employed profits, which are paid into a fund, from which some state benefits are paid