HIPAA compliance can be challenging. The costs and efforts required to achieve compliance vary depending on the size and complexity of the organization. In any case, it means significant investments of money, time, and effort into policy design, security technology, employee training, and compliance assessments. However high the cost of compliance may be, the cost of non-compliance is always higher, as the consequences of a HIPAA breach may include heavy fines, reputational damage, and corrective actions imposed by the Office for Civil Rights or other enforcement agencies.