Risks common to the 3 techniques are: alterations to skin sensitivity, abnormal and unsightly scarring which may require surgical correction, breast asymmetry and skin necrosis. In procedures involving prosthetics obtaining lasting symmetry is more complex since weight changes over the passage of time will cause variations between the un-reconstructed breast and the one with the implant. Regarding the tissue expansion procedure it is possible that the implant (the expander or the subsequent silicone prosthesis) could leak due to the lack of a proper tissue layer or an infection, therefore requiring a further operation to completely remove it. Additionally, there may be intolerance to the material used. Recovering from reconstruction using the Latissimus dorsi may be slow and sacrificing the muscle may cause difficulty when undertaking physical exercise requiring significant active physical mobility of the corresponding arm. Furthermore, there may be total or partial flap necrosis. The most frequent complication is the formation and accumulation of sterile (serous) liquid in the donor area (the back), that can become infected and/or cause damage to the overlying skin, leading to the requirement for draining it using a puncture. Risks specific to DIEP are alterations to skin sensitivity, abnormal scarring, abdominal cutaneous necrosis, pneumothorax and breast asymmetries. Furthermore, all three techniques will require reconstructive surgery of the areola and nipple. The specific risks of this surgical intervention are anomalous scarring alterations, necrosis of the nipple and alterations to the pigmentation of the aereola.