Nalfurafine is a medication that is primarily used to alleviate itching (pruritus) in patients with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing dialysis. It is known as an opioid receptor agonist, but it is selective for the kappa opioid receptor subtype. By acting on kappa opioid receptors in the central nervous system, nalfurafine can reduce the sensation of itchiness.
Nalfurafine is different from typical opioids like morphine or oxycodone, which mainly act on the mu-opioid receptors and are used for pain relief. Because nalfurafine selectively acts on kappa receptors, it does not have the pain-relieving properties or the same abuse potential as traditional opioids.
As with any medication, nalfurafine should be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, who can provide guidance on the appropriate use and monitoring for any side effects or interactions with other medications.