If you are a Lawful Permanent Resident or LPR, you must live in the U.S.A. for at least five years after receiving your Green Card. After that period, you can go through the naturalization procedure and become an American citizen, and only after that can you apply for a U.S. passport.
For the spouses of American citizens, this period is slightly shorter: to get a passport after marriage, it is enough to live in the country for three years in lawful matrimony.
A person applicant must be physically present in the country for 18 months (based on three-year residency) or 30 months (based on five-year residency) before applying for citizenship.