An attorney is not required for simple personal injury cases. Perhaps you were involved in a rear-end collision where the rear driver was clearly at fault, and neither driver sustained severe injuries. Negotiating with the insurance companies may be an option to help you resolve your claim. If the accident is complex or your injuries are severe or unusual, an attorney may be necessary if the at-fault party contests liability. It would be best never to risk losing a lot of money by going without an attorney. A lawyer is almost always required in expert testimony cases, such as medical malpractice.