Self-consistency bias, also known as restraint bias, is the tendency to overestimate one's ability to control impulsive behaviors. We think we are capable of avoiding a behavior, but we fail after being exposed to it. Our emotions and affective states strongly impact our judgment and decision-making. However, we are generally unable to predict our future affective states. Restraint bias can lead to significant risks (e.g. in the field of addiction). It is also involved, for example, when we try to resist an action, but give in to it after repeated exposure to pressure (e.g. unwanted pop-ups).