Most people with degenerative disc disease respond well to non-surgical treatments, which can provide significant pain relief and improve function. Surgical options are considered when conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms or when the condition severely impacts daily activities. The choice of treatment depends on individual risk factors, symptoms, and overall health. Treatment options include anti-inflammatories like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen; muscle relaxants; corticosteroids; physical therapy; heat and ice therapy; massage therapy; epidural steroid injections; radiofrequency neurotomy; acupuncture and manual manipulation; nutritional changes; weight loss; artificial disc replacement; spinal fusion; and other surgical interventions.