Floods can be caused by a variety of natural and human-induced factors. Natural causes include heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, and hurricanes or tropical storms that bring excessive precipitation. Additionally, geographical features such as rivers and lakes can contribute to flooding, especially if they overflow due to prolonged rain or sudden storms. Human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and poor land management, can exacerbate flooding by reducing the land's natural ability to absorb water. For instance, the construction of impermeable surfaces in urban areas prevents water from being absorbed into the ground, leading to increased runoff and higher flood risks.