In 1924, Breton published the Surrealist Manifesto, which defined Surrealism as "pure psychological automatism," profoundly influencing the methods and beginnings of subsequent movements such as Abstract Expressionism. During the First World War, one of Breton's primary ideas was in art as an anti-war protest. He started a magazine called L'Esprit Nouveau that published articles on literature, politics, and art, and he also organized exhibitions to showcase new artists. As part of his effort to promote artistic freedom, in 1936 Breton co-founded the French Communist Party. The following year, during the Spanish Civil War, he traveled to Spain with other intellectuals to support Franco's rebellion against Francisco Franco. After returning to France, Breton continued to publish books and magazines that helped spread the ideals of Surrealism across Europe and the United States. In 1939, he founded another important movement called Dada, which is considered a revolutionary reaction against traditional rational thinking in art. A few years later, in 1944, Breton developed another idea called "The Revolution of Everyday Life", which called for individuals to become politically active through acts such as boycotting Nazi products and participating in demonstrations. In 1949, after the end of World War II, Breton created another movement called "Integral Art". This movement called for artists to use all forms of media including poetry, music, film, and photography to express their views on society.