Scottish troops, emigrants, and expatriates played an important influence in golf history. During the 18th century, they were in charge of expanding the game throughout the British Isles. However, it wasn't until the nineteenth century that the game began to gain international traction. The opening of new markets for sporting goods helped turn the game from a local pastime into a worldwide obsession. Golf's popularity in Europe and America grew along with the growing wealth of these regions. The newly rich of Russia were also eager consumers of golf equipment, travel books, and clothing. Before long, golf became so popular that it attracted the attention of criminals who used the game as a cover for their crimes. In 1863, there were only about 150 courses in the United States. By 1900, that number had increased to more than 600. In England, golf became associated with upper-class culture. Men would dress up in their best suits and ties and play a few rounds at one of the many courses that had been built across the country. This activity reflected the respect that these men had for the sport; they didn't want to play it if it was going to be taken seriously. Women in England also started playing golf around this time. They were given official permission to join in the fun by King Edward VII. Previously, the only people allowed to play golf were men.