Mahatma Gandhi then took up the Khilafat issue by bringing Hindus and Muslims together 2. Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali. 3. The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. 4. Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend Khalifa’s temporal powers. 5. Mahatma Gandhiji convinced the Congress leaders to support the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for Swaraj.