Ans. Pre-installed programs frequently contain third-party libraries that are offered by advertising networks, analytics services, or social network providers. These libraries are challenging to reverse engineer and analyze for security vulnerabilities because they expose the provider and its clients to sensitive data and meta-data. It can be challenging to determine who created third-party libraries and preloaded apps. Only two methods—rooting the device and reflashing the system partition, or an OEM firmware update—can remove pre-installed apps.