Acid reflux or heartburn can be caused by a variety of factors, as it doesn't have a single specific cause. Several components can contribute to the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to flow back up the digestive tract. Factors such as food choices, medications, pre-existing conditions, and post-meal activities can all play a role in triggering acid reflux. The impact of these factors can vary from person to person. Here are some common causes of acid reflux: - Excess weight or obesity - Smoking - Pregnancy - Hiatal hernia - Weak or compromised LES - Consumption of caffeine - Alcohol intake, particularly red wine - Carbonated beverages - Spicy or fatty foods - Low-fibre diet - Eating a heavy meal and then lying down - Consumption of chocolate, citrus fruits, peppermint, tomatoes, black pepper, garlic, and raw onions - Certain medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, muscle relaxers, and blood pressure medications