The PCA3 test is now approved by the FDA for use in men who have already had at least one negative prostate biopsy and are trying to decide whether to have a repeat biopsy. It is now available to the public. Testing is done by the doctor first performing a finger rectal exam, massaging the prostate to express some prostate cells into the urethra. Then, the patient urinates into a small container. The urine sample containing the prostate cells is then tested for expression of the PCA3 RNA, which is a gene that is over-expressed in prostate cancer cells. If the levels are high, it indicates a higher probability for prostate cancer and thus a repeat biopsy is recommended. In my opinion, the jury is still somewhat out on the value of this test relative to the PSA test or the new Phi test.