The four essential components of landscape design are the unity and balance of your design, the lines and paths, the focal points, and the transitions in the space. Unity and balance refers to how all the parts of your design work together to achieve a perfect whole. Lines and paths are the outlines and inner lines in your design and if these lines will be straight or curved. A focal point serves to create a visual apex in the area. The transitions throughout the yard create flow from one area to another.