There are four valves present in the heart which primarily controls blood flow. Two valves are present on the right side and the other two on the left side of the heart. The left valves which are mostly affected in adult heart problems are aortic valve and mitral valve. These heart problems include stenosis (narrowing) and significant leakage which can affect the heart in various ways, including chest pain, passing out the shortness of breath, and irregularities or arrhythmias of the heart. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization are the common diagnostic techniques that are used for evaluation by the cardiologists. The cardiologists then refer patients to cardiac surgeon to fix valve problems. Surgeon can use either mechanical or tissue valves during a surgical procedure.