The distinct microbial and metabolomic profiles observed between high and low responders to the IF-P diet have important implications for optimizing dietary interventions for individual needs. High responders showed enrichment of fecal metabolites involved in lipid metabolism, while low responders had prominent pathways related to amino acid metabolism. This suggests that tailoring dietary interventions based on individual responses to specific diets, such as the IF-P diet, could lead to better outcomes. By identifying microbial and metabolomic profiles associated with positive responses to the IF-P diet, personalized dietary recommendations can be developed to optimize gut health and metabolic outcomes for individuals based on their unique responses to different dietary interventions.