Dyslexia is a common learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read, write, and spell accurately and fluently. It is a neurological condition that impacts how the brain processes language, particularly in recognizing and using the sounds that makeup words. Key aspects of dyslexia include. Prevalence: It affects as many as one in five children. Symptoms: People with dyslexia often have trouble decoding words, reading fluently, and comprehending text. They may reverse letters (e.g., reading "pot" as "top"), struggle with phonological awareness, and have difficulty with spelling and writing. Causes: While the exact causes are not fully understood, dyslexia is believed to have genetic components and is associated with differences in brain anatomy and activity. Diagnosis: There's no single test for dyslexia. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of a person's development, educational issues, medical history, and specific reading and language abilities. Therapy for dyslexia focuses on improving reading skills and developing strategies to manage challenges. Some key therapeutic approaches include: Educational techniques: These involve specific approaches to teach reading, writing, and language skills. Early intervention is crucial for better outcomes. Orton-Gillingham Therapy: This is a structured, multi-sensory approach that teaches phonics, decoding, spelling, and comprehension using visual, auditory, and kinesthetic techniques. Phonological Awareness Training: This therapy focuses on enhancing the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language, which is often impaired in individuals with dyslexia. Assistive Technology: Tools like text-to-speech software, speech recognition programs, and audiobooks can help individuals with dyslexia access information more easily. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This can be beneficial for managing emotional challenges associated with dyslexia, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and frustration.