The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Loan Programs Office (LPO) focuses on extending loans to companies that are pioneering techniques to create new forms of clean energy. Established companies may apply, but the project would need to meet the goals of the program. Notably, Ford Motor Co. (F) received an Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program loan for $5.9 billion to upgrade its manufacturing plants in 13 cities to use fuel-efficient technology and create hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric plug-in vehicles.