Diagnosis of Epiglottitis The doctor may use X-rays or laryngoscopy to examine the epiglottis and windpipe. Treatment For acute epiglottitis, antibiotics are used to kill any bacteria that may be causing the inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroids are also given to reduce swelling. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be required. Epiglottitis is a serious condition that can lead to permanent damage or death if not treated properly. Therefore, it is important for doctors to diagnose this disease early. They do this by performing a physical examination and testing blood samples for markers of inflammation. They may also take pictures of your throat using a device called a laryngoscope. These images will help them make an accurate diagnosis. If you have any doubts about whether you should see a doctor, then see your physician anyway. Even if you feel fine, it's best to get checked out by a professional because diseases of the heart and lungs can become life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.