To aid in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases, gastroenterologists carry out a variety of procedures, such as: Endoscopy - In order to study the interior of the organs in detail, obtain biopsies, and remove polyps or other abnormal growths, a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the digestive tract. Colonoscopy - This is a type of endoscopy, which focuses on the colon, and is used to check for abnormalities such as colon cancer. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) - This is a minimally invasive procedure where a thin needle is used to extract cells or tissue from a mass or abnormality, for diagnostic purposes. Capsule endoscopy - This procedure involves swallowing a pill-sized camera that captures images of the digestive system as it passes through the body. Stricture dilation - Stricture dilation widens narrow areas in the digestive tract. It's a safe and effective procedure to relieve swallowing or passing difficulties caused by gastrointestinal conditions. Esophageal manometry - This procedure measures the pressure in the esophagus and is used to identify conditions like acid reflux and swallowing issues. PEG tube placement - PEG tube placement is a procedure in which a feeding tube is inserted through the abdomen and into the stomach, allowing patients to receive nutrition and medication directly. Liver biopsy - To diagnose liver disease, a small sample of liver tissue is removed during a liver biopsy. pH monitoring - In order to diagnose acid reflux, pH monitoring measures the amount of acid in the esophagus. Pseudocyst drainage - This is a procedure used to remove fluid-filled sacs that form in the pancreas due to pancreatitis. It's done by inserting a needle or catheter through the skin and into the pseudocyst.