There are five rules of writing a number by using scientific notation. These are:
1. The base should always be 10.
2. The exponent must be a non-zero integer, which means it can be either positive or negative.
3. The absolute value of the coefficient is greater than or equal to 1, but it should be less than 10.
4. Coefficients can be positive or negative numbers, including whole and decimal numbers.
5. The mantissa carries the rest of the significant digits of the number.