Yes. However, danger to your phone is only apparent when you use your HVAC to heat your car.
When you set your air conditioning to hot, the car's HVAC unit begins to pump warm air through the vents.
This hot air can heat your phone if it's mounted on a vent, causing it to overheat leading to slower performance.
Furthermore, if your phone's battery gets hot enough, it can explode, causing damage to your car's interior and you as well.