In case you lose your job, Unemployment Insurance gives you the right to claim benefits for unemployment (Arbeitslosengeld). This is also deducted from salaries, when you are paid.
For 2022, it falls around 2.4% of your income. Your employer and you will split it equally (1.2%). If your income exceeds 84,600 € per year, your contributions will be based on 84,600 € and not your income.