The most popular ones are questionnaires, interviews, cross-sectional, and longitudinal.
The first two refer to instrumentation while the last two pertain to the span of time involved. All have their own pros and cons, and some of them are not mutually exclusive.
Questionnaires are great for closed-ended questions, but they lack depth. Interviews make it possible to ask follow-up questions, but they’re time consuming.
Cross-sectional surveys attempt to gather information about a particular topic at a single point in time. Longitudinal ones are designed to collect data from one point in time to another or over a period.