The cost of PPP procurement incurred by the private sector depends on the size and complexity of the project, the level and availability of in-house skills and experience. The procurement costs, however, need to be seen in the context of the overall value of the project and the length of the contract.
Unless there are exceptional circumstances, the Singapore government will not refund bidding costs to unsuccessful bidders. The government is mindful of the need to keep down the cost of bidding and will employ various measures, eg, shortlisting the more promising bidders so that fewer bidders need to go through the whole process and take on the cost of making the full bid.