Upstream-Merger und Downstream-Merger sind Arten von vertikalen Fusionen, die sich auf die Positionierung der einzelnen Unternehmen innerhalb der Lieferkette beziehen.
An upstream merger occurs when one company merges with another company that is further up the supply chain. For example, an automotive manufacturer might merge with a company that produces raw materials or components such as steel or engines. This allows the other company to strengthen its control over the supply chain and reduce its dependence on suppliers.
A downstream merger is defined as a merger where a company merges with another company that is further down the supply chain. For example, a retailer might enter into a merger with a company that manufactures or distributes products sold at retail. The acquiring company thus gains control over distribution channels and can strengthen its own legal independence as well as reduce its dependence on intermediaries or distributors