Typically self-employed cannot claim unemployment benefits, but the CARES Act expanded unemployment to those who previously were not eligible for unemployment, including part-time employees, freelancers, independent contractors, gig workers, and the self-employed.
The Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 and the American Rescue Plan both expanded unemployment to part-time employees, freelancers, independent contractors, gig workers, and the self-employed.