Common medications used to treat throat irritation in older adults include:
Antibiotics: If throat irritation is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. Studies like “Comparison of Cefuroxime Axetil and Penicillin V for the Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis” published in Clinical Therapeutics have shown the efficacy of antibiotics in treating streptococcal pharyngitis.
Antihistamines: Antihistamines are used when throat irritation is due to allergies. Research, such as “A Double-Blind Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Loratadine Tablets with Placebo in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis” published in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, demonstrates the effectiveness of antihistamines in managing allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Decongestants: For throat irritation related to nasal congestion, decongestants may be prescribed. Studies like “A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Pseudoephedrine in the Treatment of Nasal Congestion Associated with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection” published in Current Medical Research and Opinion have assessed the efficacy of pseudoephedrine in treating nasal congestion.
Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation in the throat. Research, such as “Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” published in Chest, has evaluated the safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of various respiratory conditions.
Potential side effects of these medications for older adults have been studied and documented:
Antibiotics: Side effects of antibiotics may include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection. A study titled “Adverse Events of Antibiotics Used to Treat Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Systematic Meta-Analysis” published in Pediatrics investigated adverse events associated with antibiotic use in children but highlights potential side effects relevant to all age groups.
Antihistamines: Common side effects of antihistamines in older adults include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and urinary retention. A study titled “Anticholinergic Drug Use and Risk for Dementia: Target for Dementia Prevention” published in the Annals of Neurology discusses the anticholinergic effects of some antihistamines and their potential association with cognitive decline.
Decongestants: Decongestants can lead to increased blood pressure, nervousness, and sleep disturbances in older adults. A study titled “Pseudoephedrine for the Temporary Relief of Nasal Congestion in Children” published in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews examines the effects and safety of pseudoephedrine in children.
Corticosteroids: Older adults may experience side effects like osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, and an increased susceptibility to infections with long-term or high-dose corticosteroid use. A study titled “Association Between Corticosteroid Use and Bone Fracture Risk in Older Adults” published in JAMA Internal Medicine investigates the association between corticosteroid use and fracture risk in the elderly population.