The World Bank engaged CCCS to create an 'Indigenous Peoples Country Profile' for the Russian Federation. This profile was made to inform Bank task teams about historical, socio-political and legal contexts relevant to determining the applicability of the Bank’s Indigenous Peoples policy (OP 4.10) to Russian minorities, and to outline some of the key concerns of Indigenous Peoples. CCCS was also asked to consult with representatives of Russian Indigenous Peoples to define a working list of priority issues and developmental objectives. The objective of this work is to inform Bank recommendations to the Government of the Russian Federation for enhancing application of the Indigenous Peoples policy among regional implementing agencies.