The IB has a very strong set of standards. Although it is up to a school to outline its specific knowledge content and academic standards, the IB defines the five essential elements of the curriculum: The knowledge content is organized under six large thematic categories (the transdisciplinary themes) designed to yield a global perspective and a holistic understanding of the world. Each school decides which specific topics to study under each theme. The learning skills aim to develop in students the ability to become independent, well-functioning, and self-motivated learners. The learning attitudes aim at nurturing a child’s curiosity and confidence and at developing a life-long love of learning. The action component emphasizes the need to connect the student with his/her own potential and responsibility with using what was learned. The strong guidelines for classroom practices to match its educational philosophy and values are communicated through professional development and a school’s internal reflection process.