The historic walled city of Harar Jugol was built by the Harari people during the 16th century. It is believed that the construction of the city’s defensive walls began around the 16th century and continued over the centuries, evolving and expanding as the city grew. The Harari people, who are indigenous to the area, designed and constructed the walls using traditional building techniques and materials.  Over time, Harar Jugol became a center of trade, culture, and Islamic learning, and its unique urban planning and architectural style reflect the rich history and heritage of the Harari people. Today, Harar Jugol is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site for its well-preserved historical and cultural significance.