It is estimated that 1 in 13 pregnancies which are exposed to alcohol will result in a child born with FASD. There are a lot of factors which contribute to how much harm alcohol causes, including a primary factor being genetics. As we cannot predict the effect of the mother or the child’s genetics, the only way to guarantee that a baby is healthy is to consume no alcohol during pregnancy. Twin studies have found that about half of fraternal twins have different outcomes even though they are exposed to exactly the same amount of alcohol. Although an estimated 12 out of 13 alcohol exposed pregnancies do not result in FASD, research has found that even small amounts of alcohol can harm a baby. Outcomes from prenatal alcohol exposure can include impacted academic performance, social skills, attention, behaviour, cognition, language skills, memory, and visual and motor development.