Fruticose-These are shrubby lichens, with well-developed thalli, cylindrical-shaped branches like shrubs. It either grows erect (Cladonia) or hangs on the substratum (Usnea). By a basal disc, they are attached to the substratum e.g., Cladonia, Usnea, Letharia, Alectonia, etc.Filamentous- The algal members are filamentous and well-developed in these types. The algal filaments stay ensheathed or surrounded by only a few fungal hyphae. Here algal members remain to be the dominant partners, called filamen­tous type, e.g., Racodium, Ephebe, Cystocoleus, etc.).