"Scoliosis" refers to an atypical curvature of the spine. There are multiple different types of scoliosis.
Most scoliosis is idiopathic, meaning there is no clear cause. But in congenital scoliosis, the cause is known — it stems from atypical formation of the vertebrae before a baby is born.
Congenital scoliosis is the least common type of scoliosis, representing only 10% of overall cases.