Three other tests are very important in modern breeding.
Genomic coefficient of inbreeding (gCOI). Modern laboratories are able to calculate this GIK over 3, 6, 12, 25 or 50 generations. Specific regions in the dog's DNA are used for the calculation. The length of these ranges is related to the number of generations considered when calculating the genomic coefficient of inbreeding.
Heterozygosity. Heterozygosity indicates the percentage of different genetic markers inherited from a dog's parents. Homozygous means that both alleles of a gene are the same. Heterozygous means that both alleles of a gene are different. Thus, for high genetic diversity, a high percentage of heterozygosity is desirable. Molecularly, genetically, this percentage can now be easily determined by comparing many thousands of markers from the tested dog to determine whether they are homozygous or heterozygous. The result then represents the percentage of heterozygosity.
DLA haplotypes. The DLA (Dog Leukocyte Antigen) are a group of genes from the area of ​​the MHC genes. These genes encode proteins that are responsible for the immune system. Both the functionality and disorders of the immune system depend on the MHC. These disorders are expressed in autoimmune diseases, which means that one's own cells are interpreted as foreign and attacked.
These three tests are so important in modern dog breeding because matings can be tested virtually using this data and the breeder knows in advance whether the mating he wants is genetically sensible or whether unfortunate combinations could cause further health problems.