The ownership of tools test has a broad application. The word tools can mean such things as space, supplies, materials, furnishings, phones, computers, and equipment. In general, workers are more likely to be in an employment relationship if they use tools, space, supplies, materials, furnishings, and equipment owned by the employer. If, on the other hand, the worker owns or rents the tools, materials, and facilities they use to perform services, they are more likely to be independent contractors. Other aspects of this test include who bears the cost of replacing the tools and who retains the tools when the work is complete. While still a relevant consideration in the determination of a worker’s status, this factor may carry less weight than the others. Some employees such as mechanics customarily use their own hand tools. The courts have recognized that some employers require employees to provide their own tools and/or vehicles. Also, if workers own their own tools or equipment but work exclusively (or almost exclusively) for one employer, they may be treated as employees under the law and will be entitled to certain benefits and protections. Last Reviewed: August 2019