There must be a spatial component in your data to do a GIS analysis or visualisation. For instance, a GPS track of an animal, historical ship routes, the spread of a disease, the spatial evolution of a language, the distribution of precipitation etc.
For the format of the data there are many possibilities as long as the data is georeferenced. You can start with a csv table for instance. Please contact us if you have any questions, we are happy to help you!