To identify and avoid potentially dangerous situations with unfamiliar dogs in public, observe the dog's body language. Signs of discomfort or aggression include stiff posture, furrowed brows, ears pinned back, tail tucked, growling, or baring teeth. Always ask the owner for permission before approaching a dog. Avoid direct eye contact with the dog, as it can be perceived as a challenge. Give unfamiliar dogs space, particularly if they are tethered or confined. If a dog appears tense or the owner advises against interaction, maintain a safe distance to prevent any potential aggression.