Paralysis is a loss of muscle function when there is a lack of communication between the brain and muscles. Essentially, the signals or messages that the brain sends are not being transmitted. Paralysis may be:
Partial: When some muscles are still able to be controlled.
Complete: A total inability to move the affected muscles.
Temporary or permanent: With temporary paralysis, the ability to control muscles returns to some degree. Not so with permanent paralysis.
Spastic or flaccid: Spastic muscles are tight, rigid, and tend to “jerk” (spasm); flaccid muscles shrink and sag.
Partial paralysis is further classified as being localized, when it involves only one area or part, or generalized. Localized paralysis commonly impacts specific areas such as the hands, feet, face, or vocal cords. Generalized paralysis is classified as follows:
Monoplegia: One limb is affected, such as a leg.
Hemiplegia: One side of the body is affected, such as the left arm and left leg.
Paraplegia: Affects the lower extremities - both legs.
Quadriplegia: Affects both of the arms and both of the legs.