Specific installation practices are available from manufacturers depending on the type of fiber optic cable being installed. The installation of terrestrial fiber optic cables, for example, requires a great deal of skill and experience. The process may begin with the excavation, trenching or boring and installation of an underground conduit to provide access for the installer's equipment. Once this has been completed, the installer must then install the various components that make up the optical system: splices, connectors, etc. Finally, once all these elements have been properly connected, they are tested to ensure proper operation.