Advancements in technology have led to innovations that enhance both the effectiveness and shelf life of insect repellents. For example, researchers are developing new formulations using microencapsulation techniques that protect active ingredients from degradation due to factors like light exposure or air oxidation. These encapsulated formulations release the repellent gradually over time, increasing its longevity while maintaining efficacy. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been utilized to create nanoemulsion-based insect repellents that provide longer-lasting protection against pests compared to traditional formulations. By leveraging these technological advancements, manufacturers can produce insect repellents with improved performance and extended shelf life for consumers' benefit.