This means that even after a successful lung transplant, some CF therapy will be required. The most common form of CF is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. The mutation prevents the CFTR protein from doing its job properly, which includes keeping fluids inside cells instead of outside them. This problem affects many organs including the pancreas, intestines, and reproductive system. As these other organs become affected, people with CF experience increased problems with digestion, immunity, and reproduction. CF can be diagnosed by taking your family medical history and several clinical tests. If the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment will include managing the symptoms of CF and preventing further damage to the body due to infection-causing bacteria that thrive in the presence of mucus. In addition, life expectancy has improved greatly for people with CF thanks to newer treatments. In fact, research shows that people with CF who receive double lung transplants are now living into their 50s and 60s. Lung transplantation is considered a last option for people with CF. Before you decide to pursue this option, discuss all the potential complications with your doctor.