The M.S.C. produces anti-inflammatory cytokines (proteins), trophic factors (proteins to stimulate growth), pro-angiogenesis factors (proteins to stimulate new blood vessels), anti-apoptic factors (proteins to inhibit cell death), all communicated to other cells in a paracrine fashion (cell to cell communication). When you put M.S.C’s into a joint it is anti-inflammatory, leading to primary pain relief. The M.S.C.’s can also differentiate into cartilage cells, helping regenerate normal cartilage, providing secondary pain relief. In addition to the stem cell therapy, appropriate post procedure treatment and weight loss can maximize your clinical results.