The surgery for head and neck cancer is aimed at removing the cancerous tumour and are of the following types.
Laser technology: This is used to treat a tumour that is in its early stages, especially in the larynx.
Excision: This is performed to remove the cancerous tumour along with a small part of the surrounding healthy tissue, called margin.
Lymph node dissection or neck dissection: The doctor may remove lymph nodes in the neck if it is suspected that the cancer has spread.
Reconstructive surgery: Sometimes, cancer surgery includes major tissue removal from the body, such as removing the jaw, skin, pharynx or tongue. Reconstructive surgery is done to replace the missing tissue and help the individual to restore the appearance and functionality of the operated area.
Some people have to undergo more than one operation depending on the location, stage and type of cancer. Sometimes, complete removal of the tumour may not be possible and additional treatments may be necessary, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy or both.