MQTT runs on top of TCP/IP using a PUSH/SUBSCRIBE topology. In MQTT architecture, there are two types of systems: clients and brokers. A broker is the server that the clients communicate with. The broker receives communications from clients and sends those communications on to other clients. Clients do not communicate directly with each other, but rather connect to the broker. Each client may be either a publisher, a subscriber, or both.
MQTT is an event-driven protocol. There is no periodic or ongoing data transmission. This keeps transmission to a minimum. A client only publishes when there is information to be sent, and a broker only sends out information to subscribers when new data arrives.
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