The construction of the Suez Canal was a daunting task due to the flat desert terrain, requiring extensive manual labor for digging and excavation. The canal’s route crossed the Isthmus of Suez, necessitating cutting through sand, clay, and rocky materials. Engineers directed water from the Nile for a stable water supply. The project faced challenges like harsh working conditions, health concerns, and financial difficulties, leading to higher-than-expected costs.