Judicial language rights pertain to the possibility for an individual to use either French or English in the judicial system, especially court processes. Section 133 of the Constitution Act 1867 guarantees these language rights in any court established by Parliament (the federal government) and the courts of Québec. Section 23 of the Manitoba Act 1870 and section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees similar language rights in Manitoba and New Brunswick, respectively. The courts of the other provinces/territories are not bound by any such constitutional provision, and the provincial/territorial governments have the authority to regulate language rights in respect of courts and tribunals in the province/territory and civil matters, except where the Criminal Code, which is federal legislation, says differently (see below for further discussion). Last Reviewed: May 2011