X-ray imaging produces pictures of the inside of the body, and these pictures can show broken bones and other health issues. A chest X-ray can show signs of pneumonia, or a mammogram can show signs of breast cancer. There are lots of different health issues X-rays can help diagnose, including broken bones, dislocations, arthritis, osteoporosis, lung cancer, breast cancer, pneumonia, emphysema, and even heart failure. X-rays can also help detect foreign objects like metal fragments.