A Renaissance-era artistic technique that refers to the use of exaggerated light contrasts to give the appearance of volume. This method was used extensively by Tintoretto and Veronese. Tintoretto (1518–1594) and his son Jacopo (1545–1606) were two of the most important painters in the Italian Renaissance style known as Titianism. They both worked in Venice but they did not know each other because they were born more than ten years apart. However, their styles are so similar that some critics have argued that they must have been working together. Tintoretto painted mostly religious subjects and often included many figures in a scene. His scenes are very dramatic with lots of action. They use strong colors and create an atmosphere of excitement and joy. Titian (1477–1576) was another great Venetian painter who influenced Tintoretto. He originally came from Spain but he lived in Italy for most of his life. Unlike Tintoretto, who was mainly a painter of religious subjects, Titian painted mostly royal portraits. But even though he was not a religious artist, he still managed to include beautiful views of Venice in many of his paintings.