The cardholder has a maximum of 45-180 days to dispute a charge, depending on the   card.* The issuing bank has a maximum of 2-6 weeks; Visa allows 3 days. The merchant has a maximum of 7-10 days to respond. The issuing bank has 4-6 weeks to review; Visa allows 30 days, with only one round   of pre‑arbitration. Chargebacks refunded in one round of pre-arbitration succeed at a maximum of   between 94 and 274 days, depending on the card. A second round of pre-arbitration (where allowed) and arbitration can add more time. *Up to a year under special circumstances https://www.signifyd.com/resources/fraud-101/chargeback-process-in-depth/#:~:text=The%20issuing%20bank%20then%20reviews,from%20two%20to%20six%20weeks.