The merge sort algorithm is a ‘divide and conquer’ algorithm. In the "divide and conquer algorithm," a large problem is divided into smaller chunks, and when those chunks are so small that more division is impossible, we start merging them to find the solution. The input array is split in half and then repeatedly halved until no further division is possible. We begin merging them with sort order once the halving is complete. Finally, we reach the final answer in which we sort all elements. For example, let us consider the array [56, 63, 84, 90, 15, 38, 22, 5, 71, 49]. The split can be performed as – After splitting the array in half, we divided the two resulting chunks in half once more to create four chunks. We continued splitting these chunks until we ran out of methods to do so. The next step is to merge these chunks (starting from the bottom) which are nothing but arrays consisting of a single item. We'll make sure that each split array is now ordered during merging.The items were placed differently from the prior merge, as indicated by the orange places. Only the components with values 22 and 38 were shuffled during the initial merge. Three of the four arrays underwent shuffling during the second merge. During the third merge, one of the two arrays underwent shuffling. The sorted array is created by the last merge.