One algorithm that can outperform both BFS and DFS when the target level is known in advance is the truncated DFS algorithm introduced in the study. The truncated DFS algorithm is designed to be faster than both BFS and traditional DFS when the level of the target node is predetermined.
By leveraging the knowledge of the target level, the truncated DFS algorithm optimizes the search process by limiting the exploration to a specific depth, thus avoiding unnecessary backtracking and focusing on the relevant subtree. This targeted approach can lead to improved efficiency compared to BFS and DFS in scenarios where the target level is fixed.
The study also provides a formula evaluating the average time complexity of the truncated DFS algorithm, showcasing its effectiveness in situations where the level of the target node is a known parameter. This algorithmic approach highlights the importance of adapting search strategies based on prior information about the target node's location in the tree.