Apis mellifera are economically and ecologically important insects that ensure biodiversity in the natural environment and contribute to human welfare. Honey bees are well-known model organisms for microbiota research of insects living in natural environments. Honey bees microbial communities are important for the health of both individual bees and the entire hive. The intestinal microbiota of worker bees is fairly well studied, but the microorganism communities of different developmental stages honey bees (including drones) are almost completely unexplored.  Under unfavorable environmental conditions, changes in the composition of the honeybees-associated microbiota lead to an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses causing bee diseases. Antibacterial and antifungal therapy is applied to protect against pathogens; however, such a strategy changes the composition of bee microbiota and leads to the spread of multiple resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it is appropriate to use natural microbiota components with biocontrol properties for the prevention of bee diseases. Searching for the latter microorganisms and evaluating their potential is relevant globally both in the context of increasing the health of honey bees and in the development of biocontrol tools. Due to the ever-increasing human population, there is a shortage of food in the world, so the idea of ​​using insects in the food industry is also growing up. Recently, due to the favorable composition of nutrients, there has been an interest in honey bee drone larvae as an alternative food source. However, the question of their microbiological contamination and safety, as well as their nutritional value and benefit to the consumer, remains particularly relevant.