The most common orthopedic conditions include the following:   Arthritis Arthritis occurs when joints become swollen, tender, painful, and stiff. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can be treated with chronic pain injections, over-the-counter medications, prescriptions, rest, ice, and physical therapy exercises.   Bursitis Bursitis happens when the bursa becomes inflamed around the shoulders, hips, elbows, or knees. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions body tissue. Fortunately, bursitis flare-ups usually go away within a few weeks as long as you seek the proper medical care. Bursitis treatment includes pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, rest, ice, and hot and cold treatment.   Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome shows symptoms of tingling and weakness in the hand and arm. These symptoms are caused by an increase of pressure on the median nerve. An orthopedic physician can treat carpal tunnel syndrome through medications, a wrist splint, and/or surgery.   Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a dangerous musculoskeletal condition that makes it easier for your bones to break. This disease is caused by low calcium levels that over time decrease bone density. Your orthopedic specialist may treat your osteoporosis with supplements, medications, and strength exercises.   Sciatica The sciatic nerve goes all the way from the bottom of your legs to your lower back. If you feel pain going up or down your legs and hips, you may have an issue with your sciatic nerve. Nerve compression can occur because of inactivity, obesity, and wearing the wrong shoes. This pain can be relieved through hot and cold treatment, medications, and chronic pain injections.   Other orthopedic conditions include muscle atrophy, orthopedic autoimmune diseases, musculoskeletal cancer, and tendinitis.