In recent years, the incidence of eyelid skin cancer has escalated considerably due to the effects of excessive sun exposure in a population previously unaware of its harmful nature. Effective diagnosis and treatment are crucial since even small tumors can destroy the delicate lid structure necessary for maintaining the health of the eye.
Eyelid cancers may present in assorted forms, including as areas of elevation, depression, redness, scaliness, or dark or light discoloration. Some tumors grow quickly, while others may take several years to reach noticeable size. Not all are elevated. Any sore that refuses to heal is suspect.
The most common eyelid cancer is basal cell carcinoma, which accounts for more than 90% of cancers in this area. While it is unusual for this tumor to metastasize widely, it can cause considerable destruction of eyelid structure, function, and appearance by direct spread. Other eyelid cancers may be much more aggressive and malignant.
Any suspicious lesion should be removed immediately and examined under the microscope. Biopsy is a quick and easy procedure. Once a diagnosis has been made, complete removal is the primary goal of treatment. Burning, freezing, or simply scraping the skin is not recommended over surgery since there is no way to assure that the lesion has been fully removed.
The method of surgical reconstruction is dictated by the size and location of the resulting defect after the cancer has been excised. When applied properly, modern techniques allow for the recreation of a near-normal appearing and functioning eyelid.