Recent infection surveillance captures recent or long-term infection status of persons newly diagnosed with HIV. These data are used by Ministries of Health and stakeholders along with other program and surveillance data sources to detect and characterize populations with ongoing HIV transmission, understand transmission dynamics, and target programming to prevent further transmission. Additionally, infections classified as long-term on TRI may be informative, as they may represent potential missed opportunities for timely HIV testing, diagnosis, and ART initiation. Similarly, infections classified as recent on TRI and long-term on RITA based on VL <1000 copies/mL, may signal retesting among persons on ART within the HIV program.