An enteroscopy is a common procedure used to diagnose and detect abnormalities or diseases in the small intestine. These may include: - Unexplained diarrhea: When the cause of persistent diarrhea is unknown. - Abnormal growths or tumors in the small intestine: Such as polyps or tumors that need to be evaluated. - Unexplained bleeding: When there is bleeding in the digestive tract without a clear reason. - Abnormal x-ray results: When an x-ray shows irregularities in the small intestine. The alternative exams or tests will depend on the specific reason for needing an enteroscopy. In most cases, enteroscopy is the best method to assess and treat abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially in the second portion of the small intestine called the jejunum. However, an x-ray called an upper GI/small bowel follow-through can also evaluate the upper GI tract, although it is primarily a diagnostic exam. To treat abnormalities found in the small intestine, an enteroscopy or surgery may be required. In simpler terms, an enteroscopy helps doctors find and understand problems in the small intestine. It is often the best way to examine and treat issues in the upper digestive system. However, in some cases, an x-ray can provide some information, but it cannot treat the problems directly. For treatment, an enteroscopy or surgery is usually needed.