Reusing waste materials outdoors is an important aspect of outdoor cultivation. Composting and vermicomposting are two of the most common methods for reusing organic waste materials outdoors. Composting involves breaking down organic material, such as leaves, grass clippings, and kitchen scraps, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment that can be used to fertilize plants or improve soil structure. Vermicomposting uses worms to break down organic matter into a high-quality fertilizer that can be applied directly to garden beds. Wood chips or bark mulch from tree pruning can be used as a ground cover in gardens to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Cardboard boxes can also be shredded and used in place of straw as a weed barrier around plants or on paths between beds. Empty plastic containers like yogurt cups or milk jugs can be reused as planters for starting seedlings indoors before transplanting them outside.