Neurosurgeons focus on surgeries related to the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves. While they do perform spine surgery, their expertise encompasses a broader range of conditions including brain tumors and spinal injuries. Spinal surgeons, often coming from an orthopedic surgery background, primarily address back pain, cervical spine conditions, and other ailments related specifically to the spine. You'll find specialized spinal surgeons in spine hospitals dedicated to orthopedic care.