It is not clear that ankylosing spondylitis has any direct effect on menstruation. However, a drug called adalimumab, which can help treat ankylosing spondylitis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, may affect menstruation.
A 2023 review cites older research suggesting an association between adalimumab use and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Some symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis, such as weight loss and reduced appetite, may also affect menstruation if they are severe.
Severe calorie restriction can stop periods and affect the production of hormones needed for ovulation.