Research shows timeouts can be effective when performed properly. Specifically, timeouts should be done predictably, calmly, and only address behaviour that is within the child's control. For instance, acting out because of hunger should not result in a timeout. They should also be administered when other efforts to promote cooperation need to have been unsuccessful before moving towards a time-in or timeout. Finally, children should have access to the parent if they are in distress or need help calming down.