Cache stampede is a situation where multiple processes or threads are trying to access the same data in a cache, resulting in thrashing and performance degradation.   There are several factors that can lead to cache stampede, including:   Lack of coherency: If the data in the cache is not coherent with the data in memory, then multiple processes will try to update the data simultaneously, leading to contention.   Contention: If multiple processes are trying to access the same data in the cache, they will contend for resources and may cause the cache to become overloaded.   Invalidation: If a process invalidates another process's cached data, then that process will have to go to memory to fetch the data, which can lead to high latency and performance degradation.   To avoid cache stampede, it is important to ensure that data is coherent across all caches, and that there is no contention for resources. Invalidation should also be avoided if possible. In cases where it is necessary, care should be taken to ensure that only the minimum amount of data is invalidated.