Ans. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to make inferences about a population based on a sample. It involves formulating a hypothesis, collecting data, and analyzing it to determine if the evidence supports or contradicts the hypothesis. The significance of hypothesis testing lies in its ability to provide statistical evidence for or against a claim or theory. It helps researchers and analysts make objective decisions, identify patterns or relationships in the data, and draw conclusions about the population. Hypothesis testing also allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions or treatments and is widely used in scientific research and decision-making processes.