Collaborative learning involves five critical stages: Shared Learning Goals: Designing tasks around common learning objectives. Small-Group Learning: Engaging students in groups of 3-5. Cooperative Behavior: Building trust, planning together, and understanding team support. Positive interdependence: Setting mutual goals to ensure group success. Individual accountability: Ensuring each student fulfills their role and stays committed to the task. These principles guide effective group learning, fostering collaboration and individual responsibility.