Brain imaging studies suggest that people with TS have neurological differences in their brains, specifically in their cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuitry. What these differences are precisely and whether or not other areas of the brain are also involved continues to be explored by researchers. Currently, the basal ganglia and the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex are believed to be involved in TS. The frontal lobes plan and execute movements and thoughts, while the basaI ganglia acts as a brake to prevent unwanted movements and sounds. For individuals with TS, something abnormal happens when the frontal cortex “tells” the basal ganglia to stop particular movements. As a result, unwanted movements and sounds, or tics, occur.