A call for papers is an invitation for researchers, scholars, and professionals to submit their work to be considered for presentation at an academic conference or for publication in an academic journal or edited book. Calls are issued with information about the focus, scope, submission requirements, important dates, and review process. Researchers submit abstracts or completed manuscripts in response. The conference organizers or journal editors then select the most relevant, innovative papers to include based on peer review. Being accepted through a competitive call for papers process marks prestigious achievement for academics and helps advance knowledge exchange in that field.