Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control strategy that aims to manage pests in an effective, economical and environmentally friendly way,  minimising the use of chemical pesticides  that can have a negative impact on the environment. It’s a holistic approach that considers the pest, the crop, the environment, and available control methods to develop a comprehensive management plan, including: Monitoring and identifying pest populations to determine the need for pest control Setting action thresholds that determine when pest populations reach a level that need action Preventing pest problems through management practices such as crop rotation, sanitation, and habitat manipulation Using biological controls, such as natural predators or parasitoids, to manage pest populations Using mechanical controls like trapping or physical removal of pests Using chemical controls, such as pesticides, as a last resort and only when necessary Evaluating the effectiveness of pest management plans and making necessary adjustments