As the kidneys lose function, toxins and waste begin building up in the blood, which can cause life-threatening complications. If kidney failure has progressed to the point where the kidneys can no longer filter this waste from the body, then dialysis or a kidney transplant is performed. It’s possible to remain on dialysis for life rather than getting a kidney transplant. However, the quality of life and life expectancy are usually both higher in people who get a transplant instead.