Some head and neck cancer risk factors are unavoidable. For example, you are more likely to develop these types of cancer if you are of Asian ancestry or have been infected with Epstein-Barr or the human papilloma virus (HPV). Other risk factors aren’t set in stone. The following factors can increase your risk of head and neck cancer — but are also within your control.
Alcohol and tobacco – Use of these two substances (including chewing tobacco) is the number one modifiable risk factor for many types of head and neck cancer.
Certain foods – People who consume preserved or salted foods regularly during childhood are more likely to develop some forms of head cancer. Consumption of the tea-like beverage mate is also associated with higher risk.
Poor oral hygiene. Missing teeth and otherwise poor oral health appear to be connected to oral cancer risk.
Occupational exposure. People who work in jobs where they are regularly exposed to wood dust, asbestos, synthetic fibers, or formaldehyde may be at higher risk for some head and neck cancers. These include jobs in the construction, logging, textile, and metal industries.
Radiation exposure. If you have received radiation to the head or neck, you may be at increased risk for cancer of the salivary glands.