XLPE, as explained above, is cross-linked polyethylene material. PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride insulation.
The main difference is that XLPE can be used for high and low-tension applications. Its structure provides great resistance to abrasion, stress, and other wear and tear. PVC insulation cannot withstand as much pressure, meaning it is only suitable for low-tension applications.
Other differences:
XLPE insulation tends to last longer than PVC insulation
Since XLPE doesn’t contain chloride, it is more environmentally friendly
XLPE insulation can withstand higher temperatures
Cross-linked polyethylene features more moisture resistance