Tonglen meditation involves all of the accepted six perfections associated with Buddhist paramita, or perfection. This is something that every Buddhist who is on the path of emulating the Buddha – or Bodhisattva – needs to consider as a part of their spiritual journey. True, in some Buddhist traditions, there are a further four perfections, known as parami, to take into consideration. These tend to be referred to as the four noble truths and are both interpreted as distinct from the six perfections as well as being part of them. That said, Tonglen meditators will primarily focus on dana, or generosity, the act of giving of oneself. The next perfection is known as sila, which means virtue, morality, or proper conduct, while the following one is nekkhamma or worldly renunciation. The remaining three are panna, or wisdom, viriya which means diligence or vigour; and, finally, khanti which variously translates into English as patience, tolerance, forbearance and endurance.