The satellite and spacecraft subsystems are individual functional units or modules that work together to ensure the proper functioning and operation of satellites and spacecraft. They are essential for carrying out specific tasks and functions during a mission. The satellite subsystem includes payload, electrical and power subsystem, command and data handling system, communication subsystem, thermal control subsystem, attitude determination and control subsystem, propulsion system, mechanism, actuator, and structure. The launch vehicle subsystem includes structure, avionics, propulsion system, control system, electrical system, stage separation, and thermal system. Furthermore, the deep space probe subsystem is categorized as the onboard computer, microprocessor, and controller; power management, solar panel, battery, and converter; memory and solid-state recorder; field programmable gate array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC); transmitter, receiver, and antenna; and sensor.
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