If your application was not wrongfully denied, you can file a completely new application. There is a chance that the original reason for denial will be irrelevant at a later date.
Here are some reasons why a new application might be a better option than filing Form N-336::
You’ve failed your literacy or civics knowledge test—Applicants have two chances to pass the naturalization exams. If you failed both times, it might be best to prepare for the exam and wait to file a new application.
You were denied based on a crime, incident, or behavior that occurred in the last five years— Part of the requirements for the N-400 form includes demonstrating good moral character for five years (or three years if your spouse is a U.S. Citizen.). If you have been denied based on a conviction or other evidence that you don’t meet these criteria, you cannot argue that the officer’s denial was incorrect. However, you can wait to file a new N-400 until after five years have passed from the incident in question. It’s important to note that any other arrests or convictions that occur during those five years could result in a denial of the new application.
You don’t meet the continuous residence requirement—An applicant for the N-400 must have lived in the United States for at least five years or three years if they are married to a U.S. citizen. You can submit a new application after you meet this requirement.
Failing to register for Selective Service—Failing to register for Selective Service can result in a denial of your N-400 application for naturalization. Selective Service is a system that the United States uses to draft military personnel in the event of a national emergency. While there has not been a draft since 1973, all male U.S. citizens and legal residents between the ages of 18 and 26 are required to register with the Selective Service. USCIS will provide an opportunity for the applicant to prove they did not knowingly or willfully fail to register or that he was not required. In some cases, it might be better to submit a new N-400 at age 31 if you are applying based on five years of permanent residence or age 29 if you’re applying based on three years of permanent residence while married to a U.S. citizen. This allows you to meet the criteria of showing good moral character while maintaining continuous residence in the United States for 3-5 years, depending on your application.