Ciabatta is an Italian bread that is usually made with a pre-ferment. Focaccia is different because the dough doesn't typically use a pre-ferment. There are also herbs and olive oil added to the focaccia dough. The last difference is how it is baked. Ciabatta is a loaf that is shaped by gradual layering. Focaccia is baked in a sheet pan with olive oil and fresh rosemary.