The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is designed to prevent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to several types of cancer. HPV is a major cause of cervical cancer. The vaccine helps prevent the types of HPV that are most strongly linked to cervical cancer development. HPV is also associated with other cancers, including anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal (throat) cancers. The vaccine reduces the risk of these cancers as well.
The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with the hepatitis B virus, which can lead to chronic liver infection and an increased risk of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major risk factor for liver cancer. By preventing the infection, the vaccine lowers the risk of liver cancer development.