Here’s a quick summary of the lesson about certainty in Japanese: – だろう da rou (informal) and でしょう deshou (formal) both mean “probably” with a fair amount of certainty. – かもしれない kamoshirenai and 多分 tabun are like “maybe,” but are often masking more certainty than the direct translation lets on to. – はずだ hazu da signifies strong certainty and reflects objective viewpoints. – に違いない ni chigainai denotes high certainty and suggests subjective perspectives while retaining a formal demeanour. – と思う to omou can be used too in conversation. -- Check out the full lesson on certainty in Japanese here.