Password stuffing and spraying are two distinct techniques used by hackers to gain access to secured accounts. Password stuffing is a brute-force attack where the hacker attempts to log in using commonly used passwords or leaked credentials from other data breaches. This technique is often successful because users tend to use the same password for multiple accounts.
Password spraying, on the other hand, is a more targeted approach that involves trying one username with many different passwords. The goal of this technique is to guess correct combinations without triggering any account lockouts due to failed login attempts. As such, it can be an effective way for hackers to bypass authentication systems that monitor login attempts and lock accounts after multiple unsuccessful tries.