Direct galvanic currents, whether pulsating or not, can assist in the delivery of like charged key ingredients to the skin by improving osmotic flow. This is increasingly important for enhancing delivery of key ingredients to areas with thicker skin. Additional research shows that the pulsating current enhances fluid vibration, which, in turn, promotes healthy circulation. Pulsating galvanic currents aid in stimulating skin and increasing cellular communication to help purify and refresh skin and help reduce the visible signs of skin ageing. Pulsating galvanic currents are optimally designed for use on the body where the skin can benefit from enhanced fluid vibration.