Kiai is a term used by students of Japanese martial arts such as aikido, karate, kobudo, kendo, or judo (or allied disciplines such as taiko drumming) to frighten, intimidate, convey confidence, or declare triumph. Aside from tightening the core muscles, a kiai may also be employed to protect the stomach. In this case, it serves to energize the body for an attack on the upper body. The kiai is most commonly shouted after making contact with an opponent. It can also be used as a declaration of intent before beginning any physical activity. People have different reasons for shouting kiai. Some do so because it makes them feel powerful or strong. Others may use it as a way to express themselves through sound. Still others may simply enjoy the feeling of yelling loudly at the top of their lungs! In karate, the kiai is used primarily as a means of defense against a potential attack. It can be used either as a standalone move or as part of a larger technique.