Hi,
Thank you for writing back.
1. These large bumps are circumvalate papillae, which are normally present on the back of the tongue. A dozen or so of these are arrange in a 'v' shaped pattern.
2. It is common for a person to suddenly notice these and be concerned. This is very common. The smaller bumps are also inflamed taste buds. The lumps at teh back of the throat are small islands of lymphoid tissue and known as granular pharyngitis.
3. Get an oral examination done from a local ENT Specialist. Common causes for inflammation of these papillae are acid reflux, post nasal drip, allergy, coated tongue, dehydration, fungal infections, vitamin and mineral deficiencies and so on. These causes may be corrected easily.
I hope I have answered your query. If you have any follow up queries, I will be available to answer them.
Regards.