The three stages of syphilis each have their own symptoms. Primary syphilis symptoms include painless, round sores, known as chancres, on your genitals, rectum, or mouth. You might not notice this sore, and it may disappear after about 2 to 6 weeks. Secondary syphilis usually characterized by a skin rash on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. Tertiary syphilis, can occur years or decades after the initial infection. It can affect your nerves, organs, and joints.