Administrative agencies issue institutional decisions. The decision maker in administrative proceedings is the governing body of the agency, be it the agency head, board, or commission. Although such individuals may preside over adjudications, in fact they rarely do. In most instances, the agency official who has been vested with the authority to issue the decision delegates the authority to preside over adjudications to subordinates. Specifically, the APA provides that hearings are to be presided over by administrative law judges unless an agency head presides. After the hearing is completed, the parties may submit proposed findings and conclusions to the agency