Generally speaking, the answer is no. The United State Supreme Court has said that it is a violation of due process to sentence a defendant to more time for exercising his appellate rights. Example – the appellate court determines that the sentence that was imposed was based on factors that the sentencing court should not have considered and the case is sent back to the sentencing court (remanded) for a new sentencing hearing. If the judge were to sentence the person to more time, that would be seen as vindictive and the sentence would be overturned. The only rare exception to this rule is that if evidence that would support a higher sentence was not available to the court at the time of the original sentencing. On the contrary, the typical outcome is that the sentencing guidelines are now lower because of the appellate court ruling and the sentencing judge is obliged to impose a lesser sentence.