(The Myth: The U.S. has an over-reliance on international students and immigrants in the science and engineering fields.) Building an educational and talent pipeline for STEM fields is not a zero-sum game. While it is true that many international students pursue these fields—particularly at the graduate level—and that several stay on to join the STEM work sector, there is also a concerted effort by the U.S. government, the academic sector, and employers to create more opportunities for Americans in these fields. A lesser-known fact is that in order to boost enrollment in these fields, part of the revenue that the U.S. generates from H-1B work visas goes towards funding enrichment programs in the STEM fields for U.S. students and for retraining programs for U.S. workers. According to one estimate, H-1B visa fees have supported over a million K-12 students and 50,000 teachers to receive education and training in the STEM fields, and have also helped fund almost 90,000 college-level scholarships in such fields. At the workforce level, H-1B fees have enabled the U.S. Department of Labor to provide grants of approximately $2.5 billion to train U.S. workers in critical technology fields.[4]