The seven parts of the respiratory system are the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The nasal cavity warms, humidifies, and filters incoming air, while the pharynx, larynx, and trachea serve as conduits for air movement. The bronchi and bronchioles are responsible for further air distribution, and the alveoli are where gas exchange occurs.