1-Companies offer shares by going public in order to get access to a large amount of capital.
2-SEBI carefully scrutinizes the application and after making sure that all eligibility norms are fulfilled, it gives the company the go-ahead to file an IPO.
3-IPOs can be accessed through banks and brokerages that have undertaken to conduct the IPO proceedings on behalf of the company.
4-Once an IPO closes only then does the company get listed on the stock exchange.