To diagnose urinary problems, several tests may be performed. The first is a urinalysis, which checks for infection, blood, or other abnormalities in the urine. Another test is uroflowmetry, which measures the rate and amount of urine flow. This test is done by sitting on a modified toilet seat and passing urine into a flow meter. To determine whether any urine remains after attempting to empty the bladder, a residual urine measurement is done using a bladder scanner. To avoid inaccurate results, our hospital does not perform uroflowmetry and residual urine measurement together. Instead, we recommend that patients do these tests separately by filling their bladder once for uroflowmetry and then again for pre- and post-void measurements. In the event that uroflowmetry and/or residual urine tests show abnormalities, further evaluation may be needed through a voiding cystometry (Urodynamics) to identify the underlying cause of difficulty in urination. These are specialized outpatient tests that evaluate the normal and abnormal function of the urinary tract, such as the bladder and urethra. The level of complexity of the tests varies based on the specific issue being addressed.