The fundamental principles of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) include the following: Traumatic memories and experiences can become "stuck": EMDR is based on the idea that when a person experiences a traumatic event, the memory of that event may not be properly processed and integrated into their overall memory network. This incomplete processing can contribute to the development of psychological difficulties and symptoms. Bilateral stimulation promotes processing: EMDR utilizes bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, hand taps, or auditory tones, to stimulate both hemispheres of the brain. This bilateral stimulation is believed to facilitate the processing of traumatic memories and experiences. Dual attention and the "butterfly mind": During an EMDR session, the client is guided to simultaneously focus on the distressing memory or experience while engaging in bilateral stimulation. This process aims to facilitate the client's ability to hold the traumatic material in their awareness while also attending to the present moment and the bilateral stimulation. The term "butterfly mind" is often used to describe this state of focused attention. Adaptive information processing: EMDR aims to help clients reprocess traumatic memories in a way that promotes adaptive information processing. This involves transforming negative beliefs, emotions, and sensations associated with the trauma into more positive and adaptive ones. By doing so, the distressing impact of the traumatic memory can be reduced. Identifying and addressing the target memory: In EMDR, the therapist and client work together to identify a specific traumatic memory or target to focus on during the session. This target memory is chosen based on its relevance to the client's current difficulties. The goal is to desensitize the client to the distress associated with the target memory and reprocess it in a way that promotes resolution. A three-pronged approach: EMDR follows a three-pronged approach, which includes targeting the past memories that contribute to the current difficulties, addressing present triggers or situations related to the traumatic experience, and developing future templates for adaptive functioning. This comprehensive approach aims to address the full spectrum of a client's experiences and concerns. These principles form the basis of EMDR therapy, guiding the therapist's approach and the client's engagement in the treatment process. By adhering to these principles, EMDR aims to help individuals effectively process and integrate traumatic experiences, ultimately reducing the distress associated with them.