CKD is a long-term condition that compromises kidney performance. The term ‘CKD’ is very broad and includes multiple conditions that are characterised by structural or functional alteration of the kidneys. This means that the progression rate and severity of CKD are directly linked to the particular disorder causing it.[10]
According to KDIGO[11] and NICE[12] guidelines, the diagnosis of CKD consists of:
Evidence of kidney damage, such as albuminuria (albumin in the urine), structural alterations (detected by biopsy, imaging, or other methods), electrolyte disorders caused by kidney alterations, etc.
Decreased GFR (below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), with or without evidence of kidney damage.
These alterations must be present for more than 3 months; therefore, GFR has to be measured on two or more occasions separated by at least 90 days.
Reports from England reveal that CKD is a common condition and can affect anyone, especially women and the elderly.[13] The most common risk factors of CKD include diabetes, hypertension, old age, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Despite being a widely known complication of diabetes and hypertension, the exact cause of CKD is difficult to find. CKD progression leads to kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease), requiring dialysis; it also represents a serious risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and suffering a premature death.[10]
Identifying concerns early with a kidney function home test and appropriate treatment can help prevent the development of CKD.