Ans. The Constitution of India ensures a balance of power between the central government and the states through the following mechanisms:
- Division of Powers: The Constitution clearly defines the powers and responsibilities of the central government and the states. Certain subjects, such as defense and foreign affairs, are exclusively under the control of the central government, while others are within the jurisdiction of the states.
- Concurrent List: The Constitution includes a concurrent list, which contains subjects on which both the central government and the states can legislate. This allows for a shared responsibility and coordination between the two levels of government.
- Residuary Powers: The Constitution assigns residuary powers, i.e., powers not specifically mentioned in any list, to the central government. This ensures that in case of any ambiguity or conflict, the central government has the authority to act.
- Independent Judiciary: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary that acts as the guardian of the Constitution and can interpret and adjudicate disputes between the central government and the states, ensuring a fair balance of power.
- Financial Arrangements: The Constitution provides for financial arrangements between the central government and the states, ensuring a fair distribution of resources and preventing financial dominance by either level of government.