A. ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition) models are designed to convert spoken language into written text. They use techniques from both speech processing and natural language processing to transcribe audio recordings or real-time speech. ASR models can be based on various architectures such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), or end-to-end models like Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) or Listen, Attend and Spell (LAS).