Yes, autism does affect males and females differently, both in terms of prevalence and presentation. Here are some key differences:
Prevalence: Autism is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females, with a ratio of approximately 4:1. This discrepancy suggests that males are more frequently affected by autism, although it may also indicate differences in diagnostic practices.
Presentation of Symptoms: Females with autism might exhibit less overt symptoms compared to males. They often have fewer behavioral problems and may display more socially acceptable forms of repetitive behavior, which can lead to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Females are often better at masking or camouflaging their difficulties. This coping mechanism involves mimicking social interactions and hiding characteristics typical of autism, which can delay diagnosis and intervention.
Cognitive Functioning: Studies suggest that when females are diagnosed with autism, they are more likely than males to have severe intellectual disabilities. However, there are also many females on the spectrum who have normal to high intelligence and excel in academic and other settings.
Social Challenges: While both males and females with autism struggle with social interactions, the nature of these challenges can differ. Females may be more motivated to form social connections and may develop a small number of close relationships, compared to males who might prefer more solitary activities.
Co-occurring Conditions: Females with autism are more likely to experience internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression, whereas males are more likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors such as hyperactivity and conduct issues.