Cubism is divided into two distinct phases: Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Analytic Cubism (1907-1912) is a style of painting where objects and forms are fragmented and reassembled, creating a geometric and abstract representation of reality. On the other hand, Synthetic Cubism (1912-1914) replaced Analytic Cubism's monochromatic palette with bright colors and varied materials.