Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic illness in which the red blood cells are crescent-shaped rather than indented circular. Due to this distorted structure, the cells are unable to move freely through blood arteries as a result of this change in form. Blood flow is obstructed as a result of this. It is caused by the development of haemoglobin S, a defective kind of haemoglobin that provides less oxygen to tissues and causes erythrocytes to take on a sickle shape, especially when oxygen levels are low. This can result in either acute (sudden) or persistent pain. It can potentially cause infection or harm to organs. Sickle cells die faster than normal blood cells, around 10 to 20 days rather than 120 days. This results in a scarcity of red blood cells.