Merchants can either use an account updater, such as IXOPAY’s Account Updater, or rely on network tokens issued by the card schemes. When using an account updater, credit card details are sent to the schemes on a regular basis to check whether the card details have changed. If so, the information stored in the vault is updated accordingly to ensure that payments can continue to be processed using the card. Network tokens are tokens that are issued directly by the card schemes. The card schemes ensure that the associated card information is kept up to date. The network token retains its validity even if the underlying card details change, ensuring that the card can continue to be charged.