Federal prosecutors use grand jury subpoenas when seeking to determine whether to pursue charges for a broad range of federal offenses. This includes health care-specific offenses (such as Medicare fraud), as well as related offenses (such as mail and wire fraud) that are more general in nature. Grand jury subpoenas can request records, testimony, or both. Critically, if you are compelled to testify before a grand jury, you are not entitled to legal representation in the courtroom. You are, however, entitled to representation leading up to your testimony, and you are permitted to confer with your attorney outside of the grand jury’s presence. As a result, thorough preparation is key, and you need to make sure you have as clear an understanding as possible of the types of questions you are likely to receive while under oath.