Any dry powdered cement is “hydraulic,” meaning it will set and harden after being combined with water. The Romans first invented the mix, but the formula was lost in 476 AD. It wasn’t until 1776 that a man named John Smeaton reinvented it. To this day, it’s used in all sorts of construction or repair projects. Hydraulic cement is usually a blend of Portland cement with additives like limestone, gypsum, and clay. The extra ingredients decrease the setting time, allowing it to set and cure in wet conditions. The cement mix does not shrink like ordinary cement and can even expand slightly.
There are different types of hydraulic cement out there. A few are,
General-use Hydraulic Cement – Used for fixing floors, pavements, buildings, etc., as a leakage stopper.
White Hydraulic Cement – Made with minimal iron and magnesium, this mix comes out white and is mainly used with white concrete.
Moderate Sulfate Resistant Hydraulic Cement – This type of cement is used in structures exposed to seawater. Sulfate is like acid.
High Sulfate Resistant Hydraulic Cement – This cement is used in concrete structures that regularly face a high amount of sulfates.
Moderate Heat of Hydration Hydraulic Cement – Such cement is commonly used in structures with huge mass, such as piers, foundations of buildings, and large retaining walls. This cement will reduce temperature-related cracking, making the structure more durable.
Low Heat of Hydration Hydraulic Cement – This cement is meant to give out very little heat after being mixed with water. It’s mainly used in large structures like dams.
High Early Strength Hydraulic Cement – This type of hydraulic cement is for structures that need to be used immediately.