A credit card or other type of loan known as open-end credit, adjusts the available credit within your credit limit when you make payment on your account. However, the decision of when to replenish the available credit is up to the bank and, in some circumstances, a bank may delay replenishing a credit line. If the bank delays replenishing a credit line, it cannot charge an over-the-limit fee, even if the consumer has opted in to allow over-the-limit fees. Refer to your cardholder agreement for your bank's specific payment requirements.
If you are referring to a closed-end credit arrangement, then your payments simply reduce the outstanding balance—with no ability to charge other amounts to it.
To learn more about your particular account, consult with your bank.