There are a number of common dental problems that can affect both children and adults. Cavities are perhaps the most well-known of these issues, and occur when bacteria in the mouth mix with sugars to form acids that eat away at tooth enamel. Gum disease is another common problem, and occurs when plaque and tartar build up on teeth and irritate the gums. In severe cases, this can lead to tooth loss. Bad breath is another common issue and can be caused by a number of factors including smoking, eating certain foods, and poor oral hygiene. While some dental problems can be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, others may require treatment from a dentist.