There are four main types of data models in the data analytic sector – hierarchical, network, entity-relationship and rational.
Hierarchical model – In this kind of data model, the data is arranged into a structure resembling a tree with a single root. In this approach, the primary hierarchy starts at the root and grows like a tree, with child nodes that also grow in a similar way.
Network model – The network model is built on a flexible method for representing objects and the relationships that exist between them. The network data model is represented as a graph where relationships are represented by edges and items are represented by nodes.
Entity-relationship model – The entity-relationship diagram is used to describe the database structure using an ER model, which is a blueprint of a database. In the entity set, a relationship exists which can be shown using the ER diagram.
Rational model – In this data model, a collection of elements is gathered into relations using data tables. These interrelated tables are used to express the relationships and data. The table also contains numerous rows and columns, each of which represents an entity’s attribute. The rows in the table are used to represent records.