Globally, the discovery rate of new gold deposits is declining, while the value of gold is increasing. To address this, researchers have explored more environmentally friendly gold extraction methods. One method is selective leaching, which involves using a fluid to dissolve the gold from pyrite without affecting the entire mineral. This method takes advantage of the nanoscale crystal defects called dislocations in pyrite, which not only trap gold but also act as fluid pathways for selective leaching. This research shows promise for more efficient and eco-friendly gold extraction.