Early-stage gum disease, also commonly referred to as gingivitis, is characterized by visible redness, swelling, and bleeding in the gums as well as minor discomfort in some situations. Sure signs of gingivitis include bleeding when brushing or sensitivity when flossing. Chronologically, gingivitis constitutes the earliest form of gum disease and is the easiest and most effective stage of the disease to treat. Damage incurred can be reversed with no permanent scarring or signs of damage. However, if left untreated, early-stage gum disease can progress over time into middle and late-stage gum disease which becomes more difficult to treat or reverse the damage.