Containerization - developers package their applications and dependencies into container images using technologies like Docker. Containers ensure that applications run consistently across different environments and can be easily deployed.Declarative configuration - developers define the desired state of their application and its components using Kubernetes configuration files, typically written in YAML or JSON format. These configuration files specify how the application should be deployed, including the number of replicas, networking requirements, resource limits, and more.Deployment - developers use Kubernetes to deploy their containerized applications. They create deployment objects in Kubernetes, specifying the desired number of replicas and container images. Kubernetes takes care of scheduling the containers onto the available nodes in the cluster.Scaling and load balancing - Kubernetes provides built-in mechanisms for scaling applications. Developers can define autoscaling policies based on CPU utilization or other metrics to automatically scale the application up or down. Kubernetes also handles load balancing, distributing incoming traffic across the replicas of an application to ensure high availability and optimal resource utilization.Service discovery and networking - Kubernetes offers a service abstraction that allows applications to discover and communicate with each other within the cluster. Developers define services that expose endpoints for their applications, and Kubernetes automatically assigns a unique DNS name and IP address to each service. This enables seamless communication between different parts of the application.Rolling updates and rollbacks - Kubernetes supports rolling updates, allowing developers to update their applications without downtime. They can specify a new version of the container image, and Kubernetes gradually replaces the existing containers with the new ones, ensuring a smooth transition. In case of issues or errors, Kubernetes supports rollbacks to the previous working version.Observability and monitoring - Kubernetes provides features for monitoring and observability. Developers can integrate their applications with logging and monitoring systems, and Kubernetes offers metrics, logs, and events about the application and its components. This allows developers to gain insights into the application's performance, troubleshoot issues, and optimize resource utilization.