DNA and chromatin have a closely related relationship within cells. Chromatin consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, forming structures known as chromosomes. Beyond compacting the genome within the nucleus, chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression and controlling how genetic information is accessed and utilized by cells. Thus, chromatin overall provides a structural framework for organizing and packaging DNA within the cell nucleus. Changes in chromatin structure can affect DNA accessibility and gene activity, including transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. When chromatin is disorganized, it disrupts gene expression, contributing to the development of diseases over time.