The gemma cups are cup-like structures seen in the Marchantia genus. It is the main source of asexual reproduction in Marchantia. The asexual mode of reproduction through gemma cups is known as fragmentation. These gemma cups contain gemmae, which are small discs of tissue. This tissue can give rise to new gametophytes directly.  When this gemma cup has fully developed, it separates from the parent to become an individual. These gemma cups develop on the gametophyte body of the plant. The sporophyte of Marchantia depends on gametophytes for nourishment.