HIV, or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that primarily attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which is the final stage of HIV infection.
Here's a brief overview of the progression:
HIV Infection: When a person is infected with HIV, the virus begins to replicate and invade the CD4 cells, gradually depleting the immune system's ability to combat infections and diseases.
Asymptomatic Stage: In the early stages of HIV infection, there may be no symptoms or only mild symptoms resembling flu-like illness. This stage can last for several years.
Symptomatic HIV Infection: As the virus continues to multiply and the immune system weakens, individuals may experience more persistent or severe symptoms. This stage can include opportunistic infections or conditions.
AIDS: The diagnosis of AIDS is made when the immune system is severely damaged, and the individual is vulnerable to opportunistic infections or certain cancers. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Without treatment, the average survival time after the onset of AIDS-related symptoms is estimated to be around three years.