Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, deterioration of bone architecture and high bone fragility, making bone fractures of great concern. Estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women.Estrogen, with and without progestin, has been shown to be a protective and effective prevention measure against osteoporosis and the risk of clinical fractures. However, considering the potential risks of HT uncovered in the WHI, such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer, it is no longer recommended as a first-line therapy for osteoporosis.Other ways to reduce the risk of osteoporosis include avoiding tobacco, increasing weight-bearing exercise and resistance training and having adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.