Floods can be categorized into several types based on their causes and characteristics. River floods occur when rivers overflow their banks due to excessive rainfall or snowmelt. Flash floods are sudden and intense, often resulting from heavy rain in a short period, and can occur with little warning. Coastal floods are caused by storm surges associated with hurricanes or high tides, while urban floods happen in cities where drainage systems are overwhelmed by heavy rain. Additionally, dam or levee failures can lead to catastrophic flooding downstream. Each type of flood presents unique challenges for management and response, requiring tailored strategies to mitigate their impacts.