Individuals unable to return to their country for non-economic reasons can apply for international protection, recognized as either refugee status or subsidiary protection.
Refugee Status is for those with a well-founded fear of persecution in their country due to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, social group membership, gender, or sexual orientation.
Subsidiary protection is for those facing a real risk of serious harm, like the death penalty, torture, inhuman treatment, or threats to life or integrity due to violence in conflicts, in their home country.
A residence permit on humanitarian grounds is considered for applicants with severe illnesses needing specialized healthcare unavailable in their home country, or when returning poses a danger to the applicant or their family's safety.