By the time Japan emerged victorious from the Russo-Japanese war, both sides had seen many casualties, Russia had seen a revolution, and both countries wished for peace. So, a peace treaty was negotiated and mediated by the American president Theodore Roosevelt, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on August 9, 1905. However, the treaty was not viewed as fair in Japan, where residents felt that America had shorthanded them in the negotiations in a bid to concentrate western imperialism.