Yes, liability for negligence can extend beyond formal relationships when the nexus between the defendant’s conduct and the plaintiff’s injury can be established. The key factor is whether the harm was foreseeable and whether the defendant had an opportunity to prevent it.
For example: A sporting club might be held liable for injuries caused by a defect in equipment rented out to members, even after membership has lapsed, if they knew the equipment was hazardous and failed to warn past users.