The post-adoption stage of app usage involves ongoing usage and outcomes for the app and brand. Stickiness and engagement are important factors in continued app usage. Stickiness is linked to telepresence, which includes vividness and interactivity. Loyalty towards apps is influenced by perceived value and customer satisfaction, as well as features like design, functionality, and social aspects. Improving loyalty can be achieved through affective and utilitarian paths, and is linked to performance expectancy and hedonic motivation. Value perceptions resulting from customer experiences are consistently highlighted as important, but past research has had recurring issues.