Ans. Quinine is normally used for the toxicity of the malarial pathogen (Plasmodium falciparum) by interfering with the parasite’s ability to dissolve and metabolize hemoglobin. With other Quinine antimalarial drugs, the mechanism of action of Quinine has not been fully resolved. In vitro studies, indicates the inhabitant of nucleic acid and protein synthesis and inhibits glycolysis. Quinine targets the malaria purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme.Talking about the synthesis of Quinine from Cinchona bark. Cinchona trees remain the only economic source to extract Quinine. Under wartime pressure during World war 2, research towards synthetic production was undertaken. Since then, several efficient Quinine has been achieved but none of them competed in economic terms with isolation of the alkaloid. Mauveine, the first synthetic organic dye was discovered in 1856 while attempting to synthesize Quinine