A transfer case encoder motor is an electric motor that is used to control the transfer case of a four-wheel drive vehicle. The transfer case is responsible for distributing power from the engine to the front and rear axles. The encoder motor is attached to the transfer case and allows the driver to select between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive.
In two-wheel drive, the encoder motor disengages the front axle so that power is only sent to the rear wheels. This is ideal for driving on dry pavement as it reduces wear on the tires and improves fuel economy. In four-wheel drive, the encoder motor engages both axles so that power is evenly distributed to all four wheels. This provides better traction in slippery conditions but can also lead to increased tire wear and decreased fuel economy.