Similar to his Father Goku's name, Goten essentially is a combination of Go (Meaning he who understands) and Ten (which means Heaven). So Goten's name means he who understands heaven, as opposed to Goku's who's name means he who understands the Sky. Goten follows the long line of male Son family members beginning their name with the prefix Go, just like Grandpa Gohan, Goku, Gohan, and now Goten.