Yes. Each state has a different time limit (also referred to as the "statute
of limitations"). California's statute of limitations on personal
injury claims is 2 years from the date of the injury (California Code
of Civil Procedure section 335.1). This means that if you fail to file
your claim with the court within that timeframe, you give up your right
to sue the responsible party.
There is one exceptions to this statute:
If your claim involves a government agency the time limit is
shortened to 6 months (California Government Code section 911.2)