Short answer, no. Though they look similar, they are separate breeds. The Anatolian hails from the same-named region in Turkey, while the Kangal is a native dog of the Turkish town and region called Sivas. More confusion ensues once you start reading about how people refer to the Anatolian Shepherd. In the US, that is its name (coming from Anatolia), but in Turkey, they call it Coban Kopegi and Karabash dog (Karabas).