Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define humans as female or male, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes, and hormonal profiles. In contrast, gender is a social and cultural construct that encompasses the roles, behaviors, activities, and expectations that society considers appropriate for men and women. While sex is typically assigned at birth based on physical attributes, gender identity can vary and may not necessarily align with one's biological sex. This distinction is crucial for understanding the complexities of human identity and the diverse experiences individuals may have regarding their own gender.