As far as being able to just jump in and learn a CCG quickly, most of the games in our biggest CCG list above have tutorials that will ease players into the action and slowly take them to more advanced strategies as the tutorial moves forward.
However, if you REALLY want to just jump in right away with as little as possible and still have a fun experience, then Hearthstone, Shadowverse, Mythgard, and maybe even Legends of Runeterra are the games you'll want to try out first if you don't have a lot of CCG experience.