An Air Traffic Controller (ATC) is a professional who is responsible for the safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic. They work in air traffic control towers, approach control facilities, or route centers. The job of an ATC is not an easy one as it requires split-second decision making, excellent coordination and communication skills, and a high level of concentration.
There are three different streams that an Air Traffic Controller can work in: tower, terminal, or en-route. Each stream has its own set of responsibilities and requirements. Let’s take a look at each stream in more detail:
Tower: Tower controllers are responsible for all aircraft movements within their assigned airspace. This includes takeoffs and landings, as well as ground movement such as taxiing. Tower controllers have a clear view of the runway and the surrounding area from their control tower cab. They use this visual information to direct aircraft movements safely.
Terminal: Terminal controllers are responsible for the safe arrival and departure of arriving and departing aircraft within their assigned airspace. This includes coordinating approaches and departures with other adjacent airports, as well as managing arrivals and departures into congested areas. Terminal controllers often work in busy airport terminal buildings where they have access to various types of electronic displays showing flight data such as altitude, speed, and headings.
En-route: En-route controllers are responsible for separating aircraft flying in cruise from other aircraft operating in the same area. This includes ensuring adequate spacing between aircraft flying on opposite courses, as well maintaining vertical separation between aircraft flying at different altitudes. En-route controllers typically work in en-route centers where they have access to electronic displays showing flight data such as altitude, speed, heading, and position relative to other aircraft in the vicinity