Ans. Alluvial fans are landforms created by running water in areas where a river or stream flows out of a mountain range onto a flatter plain. As the water exits the mountainous terrain, it slows down, depositing the sediment it carries. Over time, these deposits build up, forming a fan-shaped landform known as an alluvial fan. Alluvial fans play a significant role in shaping the surrounding landscape by distributing sediment and creating fertile soil for agriculture.