Autoimmune diseases are more common in women for several reasons
Hormones - Estrogen and progesterone levels in women can influence immune system function and inflammation.
X Chromosome - Women have two X chromosomes, which hold more immune-related genes, possibly leading to a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases.
Microchimerism - The presence of small quantities of genetically distinct cells within an individual, often from pregnancy, may alter a woman's immune system.
Environmental Factors- Various environmental exposures may differentially affect women more than men.
Microbiome - Differences in gut microbiota between genders could impact immune response.
Antibodies - Women generally have higher antibody levels, which could predispose them to autoimmune diseases.
Evolutionary Factors - Protective mechanisms for offspring from infections could have led to heightened immune responses in women.