In some cases, yes, it can mean exactly that. If your debtor paid you, but not other creditors who actually had higher priority, then you will have to hand that money over to the bankruptcy trustee. However, it is important to note that this rule only applies to payments made in the 90 days prior to the bankruptcy filing, so be sure to check the accuracy of that date against your own records. If you find yourself in this situation, you should seriously consider retaining an experienced bankruptcy attorney to ensure your rights and interests are protected.