The fluid properties, including density and viscosity, are important factors affecting pipeline pressure loss. As the fluid density and viscosity increase, the pressure loss in the pipe also increases. This is due to the increased friction between the fluid and the pipe walls, resulting in a greater loss of energy as the fluid flows through the pipe. According to a study published in the Journal of Energy, the effect of fluid density on pipeline pressure loss can be significant. Increasing the fluid density from 1 kg/m³ to 1000 kg/m³ resulted in a 30% increase in pressure drop. Another study published in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering showed that the effect of fluid viscosity on pipeline pressure loss is even more significant. Increasing the fluid viscosity from 1 cP to 100 cP resulted in a 270% increase in pressure drop.