The problem itself, articulated clearly and with sufficient contextual detail to indicate why it is significant; the way of fixing the problem, frequently presented as a claim or a working thesis; and the goal, declaration of objective, and scope of the paper the writer is writing. These three elements make up what is known as the problem statement. It is important for an editor or reader to understand that this document alone cannot be submitted to a journal. It must first be reviewed by at least two people: one who is not involved in its preparation (the reviewer), and another person who has expertise in the field (the expert reviewer). Only after both reviews are completed can the article be accepted for publication. The problem statement should be written in a clear, concise manner that addresses the readers' need for information on the topic. The problem statement should also include all relevant details regarding the issue at hand. Finally, while the goal may be implicit in some writing, it is best represented explicitly in others. For example, in academic papers, the goal usually appears in the title or abstract. However, it may also appear as a footnote to the paper or as part of the introduction section. In order for an editor or reader to understand the purpose of the paper, it is essential that they understand the problem being addressed.