Septic tanks come with several limitations, particularly when considered for crowded cities. Firstly, their usage in densely populated areas is unsuitable due to the risk of ground oversaturation and contamination. Additionally, septic tanks can emit foul odors, causing discomfort for nearby residents. The installation and maintenance of septic systems can be costly, posing financial burdens for homeowners. Regular pumping every 3 to 5 years is necessary to prevent overflow and avoid the risk of groundwater contamination. These limitations make septic tanks less practical and efficient in urban settings, highlighting the need for more suitable wastewater management solutions such as public sewer systems, which can handle larger volumes of waste and provide more effective treatment for densely crowded cities.