Owner roles can view all the time records everywhere (Time tab within a project, Timesheet, Time, and other reports).
Member+ (with the permission to start projects, manage people, and use reports) can view only their tracked time in the Time tab within a project. However, they can view everyone's time records through various reports.
Member+ (with the permission to work with invoices and estimates) can only view their time records in a project's Time tab as they can only access invoicing reports.
Member+ (with both permissions) can view only their tracked time in the Time tab within a project and everyone's time records through various reports.
Members can only view their time records in a project's Time tab and within My Work > Timesheet. However, if they're a Project Leader, they'll be able to see the Time tab within that project and everyone's time records in it.
Client and Client+ roles can't view the Time tab within a project, nor any report.