A UTI occurs due to an infection caused by microbes entering the urinary tract. Bacteria often cause UTIs, and fungi are also capable of infecting the urinary tract, but this occurs rarely. Often E. coli, which exists in the bowel, is responsible. The reasons for the higher frequency of UTIs in women are related to the female anatomy. A female urethra is shorter than a male urethra which makes the bladder more susceptible to bacteria. The female urethral opening is closer to potential bacteria exposure from the vagina and anus. It is possible for sexual activity to move bacteria to the urethra. Certain birth control can increase the risk of UTIs, and unlubricated condoms can cause irritation which assists in the growth of bacteria. Bacteria in the bladder don’t necessarily prompt an infection, the bladder contains microorganisms and bacteria working to maintain health and functionality. There are several gender-specific and general behaviors that can cause a UTI, including but not limited to: deliberately holding urine in for a long time, not drinking enough fluids, nerve damage or spinal injuries that result in complications fully and regularly emptying the bladder, diabetes or other conditions that limit the immune system’s ability to combat infections, conditions or activity limiting urine, like a kidney stone, sexual intercourse, enlarged prostate or a tumor, hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, or catheters.