A) Biofilms Biofilms involve metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells. In biofilms, multiple prokaryotic cells adhere to surfaces and form a complex, multicellular community. Within these biofilms, different cells can perform various metabolic functions, such as nutrient uptake, waste removal, and the production of extracellular substances that provide structural support to the community. This cooperative metabolic activity is a key characteristic of biofilm formation.