Surface roughness plays a significant role in determining the interaction of objects with the environment. For example, in engineering applications, surface roughness affects the friction, wear, and fatigue of materials. It also affects the ability of a material to bond, seal or paint. In microscopy, low surface roughness is essential for obtaining accurate images of a sample. A rough surface can cause scattering of light or electrons, resulting in blurred or distorted images. Therefore, the control of surface roughness is crucial for various applications.