Traditional methods for analyzing biomolecular interactions including ELISA provide only end-point data. Such assays however provide limited data on biomolecular binding characteristics and often miss very weak or transient interactions due to the required washing steps.  Furthermore, the wahing steps in ELISA make it difficult to distinguish the poor-expressing, strong binders, from the high-expressing, weak binders. In contrast to real-time label-free analysis, these assays are often cumbersome and may require rigorous sample preparation.
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