Cellular stress response pathways mitigate toxin effects by activating cellular mechanisms that help the cells detoxify, repair damage, survive, and remove damaged cells from the body. These mechanisms include antioxidant responses to counteract oxidative injury, DNA repair systems to reverse toxin-induced damage that alters DNA structure, and the unfolded protein response to help restore cellular homeostasis by stopping translation of mRNA to protein, eliminating misfolded proteins, and activating genes that prevent additional misfolding (3). Others like the xenobiotic pathways work by enzymatically modifying harmful chemicals and a primary hypoxia response entails modifying gene transcription to promote cell survival (4).