The difference between beef stew and beef Bourguignon is whether or not the stew contains wine from Burgundy. Classic beef stew recipes (like my Instant Pot Beef Stew) do not have to include wine (and if they do, it can be from anywhere), but beef Bourguignon always does. Further, beef Bourguignon is typically thickened with a mix of flour and butter mashed together, while other stews don't necessarily use this method. In other words, all beef Bourguignons are beef stew, but not all beef stews are beef Bourguignon.