Anomalies in development Abnormalities in the visual system can emerge throughout the development of the fetus. Coloboma, microphthalmia (tiny eye), and optic nerve hypoplasia are examples of developmental disorders. These anomalies frequently result in visual loss. They may be detected by routine prenatal ultrasound. Hereditary diseases Certain genes involved in eye development can be mutated in people with inherited eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. These gene defects prevent proper vision from developing, often leading to blindness. Environmental factors Damage caused by external forces Such as injuries from radiations (X-rays) or toxins (vinyl chloride), the developing baby's eyes are very susceptible to damage from outside sources. This is why it is important for parents to avoid exposure to toxic substances when they are pregnant or nursing. Congenital abnormalities An abnormality that exists at birth A wide variety of congenital abnormalities can affect the eye. The most common include refractive errors, which lead to poor vision; strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), which can cause difficulty seeing clearly; and cataracts, which decrease vision over time. Symptoms Of an Eye Problem In Babies