Although the muzzle energy of the .308 Winchester is higher than that of the 45-70, the 45-70 is more powerful short range. If you use big bore ammo such as Buffalo Bore, the 45-70 short range power is even more enhanced. However, the .308 vs 45-70 longe range is a different story. Even when using iron sights on the rifle, the .308 is much more effective long range than the 45-70 for deer hunting, moose, or any medium or big game. Due to the .308 retaining its initial energy and velocity much better than the 45-70.