A drowning typically goes through four stages: 1) Surprise. You know you are in danger and are shocked at the feeling of water entering your lungs. Your arms may flail about as your legs remain still. At this point you are considered a distressed swimmer. 2) Holding your breath. As an involuntary reaction, your epiglottis closes over your throat. You may still flap your arms about. At this point you are considered an active drowning victim. If this goes on long enough, you will pass out. 3) Lack of consciousness. You enter respiratory arrest and will sink. You may make involuntary jerking movements due to hypoxic convulsions. Meanwhile, your nails, lips, and skin may turn blue, and your mouth may froth. At this point you are considered a passive drowning victim. 4) Death. Your circulation stops and you enter cardiac arrest. Unless someone administers CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) in time, you will enter clinical death. CPR comprises chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth ventilation.