In some cases, it may be necessary to reinstall the operating system of a compromised computer for effective disinfection. This is done after ensuring that antivirus software is up to date and involves steps such as rebooting the computer into safe mode, identifying and removing malicious files and processes, disabling malicious services and scheduled tasks, performing registry cleanup, restoring critical system files, patching and updating the operating system and installed software, conducting security audits, educating users, and monitoring the system for signs of re-infection.