Many anti-discrimination and anti-retaliation statutes authorize reinstatement as an element of damages.  If restatement is not feasible, a court may award front pay in lieu of reinstatement.  There is no precise formula to determine the amount of front pay,  A front pay award is intended to provide compensation for a period of time sufficient to allow the wronged employee an opportunity to obtain similar employment.  As front pay is an equitable remedy, the judge usually determines front pay.