Oracle Software Installation  Oracle database development  Upgrading the database and applications to the latest release levels  Database startup and shutdown  Managing the storage structures of a database  Security and user management  Tables, indexes, and views are examples of schema objects that may be managed.  Making backups of databases and recovering them when needed  Monitoring the database's health on a regular basis and implementing preventative or remedial steps if needed  Performance evaluation and optimization  In a small-to-medium-sized database system, a single DBA may be the sole individual handling all of these activities. In big business setups, the role is frequently shared among numerous DBAs designated Database Security Administrator or Database Tuning Expert, each with his or her specific area of specialization.