Every operation has associated risks; however, Drs. Donaldson and Sieffert take many steps to minimize and avoid them. Bleeding and infection are prevented with meticulous surgical and sterile techniques, as well as clear post-operative instructions and antibiotics. Fluid collections are minimized with placement of a small drain that is removed after approximately one week. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT or blood clots) are significantly decreased through sub-cutaneous heparin and sequential compression devices (SCD’s) before and during surgery, and early ambulation after surgery. Thickened or widened scars are generally avoided by closing the incision at four separate levels and using dissolvable sutures during surgery, as well as applying scar gel and gentle massage during recovery. Cigarette smoking, and other forms of tobacco use, dramatically increase the risk of wound complications and wound separation. Nicotine decreases blood flow to the skin, and limits the body’s ability to heal. This can lead to skin loss, poor scarring and fat necrosis. OTHER POSSIBLE RISKS INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: Anesthesia reactions, Asymmetry, Possibility of revision surgery, Chronic pain, Numbness or other changes in skin sensation, Skin discoloration and/or prolonged swelling. Address any concerns you may have about complications during your consultation. Complications are always possible, so it’s best to prepare in advance by asking Dr. Donaldson, Dr. Sieffert, and our staff about your specific risks and how to prevent them.