Juul lawsuits have been filed on two grounds: 1) Juul products sold before November of 2018 failed to warn purchasers that the product contained nicotine, and; 2) alleged defective marketing tactics mislead people into believing that Juul was safer than smoking. Prior to November of 2018, Juul failed to include warnings on its product that it contained nicotine. This and other misleading marketing tactics lead some young consumers into believing that e-cigarettes are a “safer alternative” to smoking.  The marketing tactics employed by Juul appealed to a younger audience on social media and other advertising media with a deceptive theme that using e-cigarettes a.k.a 'vaping' is a 'safer alternative' to smoking.   In addition, e-cigarettes and vape products sold by Juul and others are marketed and sold in candy-themed and fruity flavors that naturally appeal to children such as sour gummy, cotton candy, or iced watermelon. These cases are based upon a marketing defect--the failure to warn of a known risk or danger associated with the product.