The urine colour is evaluated by looking at the urine in a transparent container against a white background in a well-lit room. The colour of a healthy person’s urine may range between light to rich yellow, the difference coming from the variation in the chemical composition and concentration of the urine. Urine colour depends on:
food: certain foods like bilberry, rhubarb, cherry, beetroot, bell pepper, carrot, orange, etc. can dye the urine in respective colours;
pigments: urine may turn greenish brown, similar to beer, due to bile pigments in it, or brownish orange due to an increase in urobilinogen, a pigment excreted by the gallbladder;
medication: urine may have a reddish tint because of rifampicin, metronidazole, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, aspirin dyes the urine pink;
blood: if the urine contains fresh blood, it will be bright red, if it contains old blood, then it will appear brown or brown with a reddish tint.