Enforcement rests primarily with three different agencies of the U.S. government. They are:
The U.S. Department of State: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC). This agency is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).
The U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). This agency is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
The U.S. Department of the Treasury: Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). This agency is responsible for administering and enforcing a variety of economic and trade sanctions against certain countries and individuals.