HIV can be transmitted through various means, and understanding how it spreads is crucial for prevention efforts. The primary modes of HIV transmission include:
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse: One of the most common ways HIV is transmitted is through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The risk of transmission can be significantly reduced by using barrier methods such as condoms.
Sharing Contaminated Needles: HIV can be transmitted through the sharing of needles and syringes contaminated with the blood of an infected person. This mode of transmission is particularly relevant among people who inject drugs.
Blood Transfusions with Infected Blood: Before the implementation of effective screening measures, HIV transmission through blood transfusions was a significant concern. However, modern blood screening practices have greatly reduced the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusions.
Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during childbirth, delivery, or breastfeeding. However, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced with appropriate medical interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as the use of formula feeding rather than breastfeeding.