If you use out-of-network providers, your out-of-pocket costs can be considerably higher than the limits stated above. On some plans, they’re double the in-network limits, but on other plans, out-of-pocket costs can be unlimited if patients receive care from doctors or hospitals that aren’t in the health plan’s network. And it’s increasingly common to see plans that simply don’t cover out-of-network care at all, unless it’s an emergency situation. HMOs and EPOs use that model, and they are quite common, especially in the individual/family health insurance market.