There are several challenges that face teachers when it comes to teaching and learning. One of the biggest challenges is ensuring that all students have an equal opportunity to learn. This can be difficult to achieve in a classroom setting, where some students may have more natural ability or prior knowledge than others. Another challenge is keeping students engaged in the material being taught; this can be a particular issue with older students who may be less interested in schoolwork. Additionally, teachers must also deal with disruptive behavior from some students, which can interfere with both their own learning and that of their classmates. Finally, assessment can be a challenge, particularly in terms of designing fair and effective tests and exams which accurately measure student understanding.