Environmental, social and governance (ESG) is a term used by socially conscious investors to evaluate corporate behaviour and non-financial performance indicators which include approaches to sustainable, ethical and corporate governance issues. Due to the very nature of the metals and mining industry, ESG has long been a focus for governments, NGOs, industry bodies and wider society concerned by the environmental and social impacts of the extractives sector. Over recent years, these concerns have led to the introduction of wide-reaching and robust ESG-focused regulations, codes and principles that mining companies are now obliged and expected to observe.