In order to start a medical malpractice case, the first thing your lawyer will need to do is collect a complete set of the patient’s medical records. Then, your attorney will need to have those records reviewed by a doctor in the same specialty as the doctor, surgeon, or medical provider who may be the defendant in the lawsuit. For example, if it’s a nephrologist, it will be necessary to hire a nephrologist to review the medical records. At that point, you will be ready to start a medical malpractice lawsuit.