A working paper, also known as a work paper, is a preliminary scientific or technical article. Working papers are frequently released by authors to discuss ideas about a topic or to get input before submitting them to a peer-reviewed conference or academic publication. They may also be published by research institutions as part of their research dissemination process. Working papers are usually shorter and less comprehensive than final reports or articles. This allows authors to include more detailed analyses of their data or discussions of new ideas without delaying publication. Working papers are often used by researchers as "sneak previews" of their future publications. These papers can provide insights into what will be included in the final version of a report or article. Working papers are different from thesis or dissertation proposals because they are not intended for general public consumption. Rather, they are written specifically for peer review and sometimes presentation at conferences or workshops. As such, they may include speculative or theoretical material not suitable for a full-length publication. Working papers are usually produced when there is no specific funding available for a given project. As such, the quality of research conducted as a result of these projects may not be as high as that published in peer-reviewed journals or presented at conferences where funding supports extensive research activities.