Source of information or sender: the party capable of issuing a message. In information theory, the main sources are:
Random: when the message cannot be predicted.
Structured: when there is a certain level of redundancy and order.
Unstructured: when all messages are random, unrelated, and meaningless, so there is a loss of part of the message.
Message: a set of data transported through a channel.
Code: a set of elements that follow a set of rules to be combined so they can be interpreted.
Channel: the medium by which the message is transmitted so that it reaches the receiver.
Information: what the sender seeks to convey through a message. From the point of view of mathematical probability, a theoretical framework of information theory, information should be proportional to the number of bits needed to recognize the message.
Recipient: the party that receives the message. Being able to assimilate the content of the message that originates from the source or sender is essential.
Noise: different causes that prevent the message from arriving normally in the information flow process, impeding the receiver from being able to understand it fully.