The mythological theory of Christ assumes that Jesus of Nazareth never existed or if so, it has nothing to do with the establishment of Christianity and the gospel record. The story of the birth of Jesus and other key events have so many mythological elements that some scholars believe that Jesus himself is a myth. Bruno Bauer taught that the first gospel was a literary work that produced history rather than describing history. According to Albert Kalthoff, a social movement produced Jesus because it met the Jewish expectations of the Messiah. Arthur Drews regarded Jesus as a concrete form of pre-Christian mythology. Although the author raised the argument that questioned the existence of Jesus in history, there is a strong consensus among historical-critical biblical academic circles that the historical Jesus lived in that region and period.