September 26, 1880 Data urodzenia/ Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire, pen name of Guillelmus (or Wilhelm) Apollinaris de Kostrowitzki (born August 26, 1880, Rome, Italy—died November 9, 1918, Paris, France), was a poet who participated in all of the avant-garde movements that flourished in French literary and artistic circles at the turn of the twentieth century... He was educated at the Jesuit College of Rome where he learned to speak English, German, and Italian. He also studied art history and archaeology there. After graduating from college in 1899, he traveled throughout Europe for several years. Back in Paris in 1907, he became involved with the Dada movement and published some of its magazines. In 1913, he cofounded the magazine L'Intransigeant with Max Jacob and Louis Aragon. The following year, he married Marie Laurencin. During World War I, he served in the army artillery corps and later worked as an editor for a newspaper in Marseilles. In 1917, he returned to Paris where he became associated with the Vorticism movement. That same year, he wrote "The Unknown Woman," which is considered the founding text of Surrealism. In 1919, he cofounded Le Journal sur le surrealisme with Philippe Soupault and Benjamin Péret. In 1920, he traveled to America where he visited New York City and met with other artists there. Upon his return to Paris, he began writing poems about his experiences during this trip.