The effects of earthquakes can be devastating, leading to loss of life, injuries, and extensive damage to infrastructure and the environment. Ground shaking can cause buildings to collapse, landslides, and tsunamis, particularly if the earthquake occurs under the ocean. Secondary effects include fires from ruptured gas lines, flooding from damaged dams, and soil liquefaction, which can undermine the stability of structures. The social and economic impacts can be profound, as communities may face long-term recovery challenges, including displacement of residents, loss of jobs, and strain on emergency services. Additionally, the psychological effects on survivors can lead to increased rates of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).