A yellow-vertically split yellow-white national flag with a white stripe with an emblem of two crossed keys and a papal tiara. The dimensions of the flag are square. It was adopted on 23 February 1973. The keys represent the keys to heaven that Pope John Paul II is believed to have brought back from his visit to Poland in 1979. They are seen as a reminder to all Catholics that they must follow Jesus Christ and His teachings to reach salvation and enter heaven when they die. The papal tiara represents the Holy See and the headship of the Catholic Church. It also denotes that the Pope is the leader of all Christians not just Catholics. The colors of the Vatican flag are those of the Papal State. They represent faith, hope and charity. Yellow is the color of faith in Christianity while white stands for peace and purity. About one third of the world's 1.2 billion Catholics live in Italy, Germany, and Mexico. Most of them live in Europe but there are large populations of Latin Americans who travel to Europe to work and send money home. In addition to these three countries, there are about 70 other nations around the world that have Catholic majorities.