By definition, criminal law is a complex system that establishes criminal acts, outlines punishments, and sets guidelines for the investigation, arrest, and conviction of alleged criminals. Crimes are usually classified by severity. Typically, they fall under the following categories.
Felonies: Felonies involve offenses that can result in serious physical harm (murder, assault with a deadly weapon, sexual violence) or societal harm (mortgage fraud, corruption). Felonies are punishable by more than one year of prison time.
Misdemeanors: Considered less serious than felonies, misdemeanors can get you up to a year in jail. However, repeat misdemeanors occurring within a certain timeframe or area can be classified as a felony. Examples of misdemeanors include vandalism, petty theft, and rash driving, to name a few.
Infractions: Minor offenses like traffic violations are called infractions. Infractions are technically not crimes, because they can only result in fines and no imprisonment.