After you file, all collection efforts—phone calls, letters, pending litigation, garnishments scheduled foreclosures, evictions, etc.—stop immediately! It will be quiet for about a month, which is when you will attend the meeting of creditors (i.e., your 341 hearing).
The meeting of creditors is an informal meeting with the trustee, whereby you answer some basic questions (your attorney should review those questions during one of your consultations). This meeting typically lasts less than 5 minutes. Only in the more complex cases (i.e., multiple businesses and/or real estate parcels) will you see it go longer.
Next, you have 60 days after your hearing before your case officially closes (in the case of chapter 7). During this time, you’ll have some paperwork to complete; otherwise, there is very little to be done.