In the single-player mode in the Java edition of Minecraft, the game loads all chunks in your render distance. In the Bedrock Edition, you have the option to pick how many chunks you want to be loaded in a world at once. In multiplayer, the render distance is usually determined by the server administrator. How many are actually loaded at once is also affected by your personal settings. For example, if your render distance is 16 chunks, but the server you’re playing on is set to 12 chunks, then your computer will only load 12 chunks at once. However, if the server renders distance is 12 chunks and your render distance is 8 chunks, your computer will only load 8 chunks.