Bunions, characterized by a bulge of the joint at the base of the big toe, where the metatarsal and phalangeal bones meet, are among the most common foot problems. Bunions may develop due to a variety of causes, including medical conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or lifestyle factors, like frequently wearing tight shoes. Although bunions are not genetic, some conditions that increase the risk of bunion formation can be passed down from parents to their children. Bunions typically appear as a red and swollen bulge, with associated dull and achy pain, at the base of the big toe. Bunions are often diagnosed through a physical exam, which may include an X-ray. Conservative treatments, such as wearing well-fitting shoes and taking anti-inflammatory medications, are aimed at minimizing symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, surgery may be required to resolve the bunion.