Charges for open access for a utility-scale renewable energy project vary depending on location and procurement models. It should be noted that renewable power plants with a captive or group model are generally exempt from many of these costs, which vary by type. Various charges under the Open Access mechanism include the following: Transmission charges - Charges are payable to the transmission company for using the transmission infrastructure. Wheeling charges - Charges are payable to the distribution company for using the infrastructure. Transmission losses and Wheeling losses- These are the electricity losses incurred during the transmission and distribution of power. Cross-subsidy surcharge (CSS) - These are payable by commercial and industrial buyers to fund the tariff subsidy for agricultural and residential buyers. Additional surcharge (AS)- AS is imposed to recover the cost of standard assets when corporate buyers leave the distribution company and procure power through Open Access. The utility needs to prove to the regulator that assets are stranded to impose AS. Banking charges-Banking of power is when a developer can literally “store” the power generated by the utility if the buyer is unable to use the power at the time of generation. Methods of such electricity accounting vary from state to state, but broadly, it is either done on a time-block basis (15 minutes to a few hours or peak and non-peak hours) or on a gross monthly basis. The state regulators set banking regulations allowing utilities to charge the generator for the banking facility and define periods during which the banked power may be withdrawn.