Strip-mining (surface-mining) involves several steps: Exploration and Evaluation: Identifying and assessing the mineral deposit through geological surveys and test drilling. Preparation and Removal of Overburden: Removing soil, vegetation, and rock layers (overburden) in the area to expose the mineral deposit. Extraction: Using heavy machinery to mine and transport the ore or coal from the site. Reclamation: Restoring the land post-mining, including recontouring the landscape and replanting vegetation.