The depreciation period applicable to a fixed asset corresponds to the economic life of the asset, i.e. the period over which it provides economic benefits to the company.
Tax authorities generally publish tables summarizing the usual depreciation periods for the most common assets.
EY also publish a yearly guide on depreciation and amortization with the useful lifes of the most common fixed assets, simply search "EY Worldwide Capital and Fixed Assets Guide" on your favorite search engine to find it.