Yes, although it depends on your jurisdiction. Georgia, for example, allows you to register your vehicle as long as you have a bill of sale.
The state requirements will vary, but in general, you can bring your filled-out bill of sale form and other documentation to your local DMV. After that, you will be sent a letter telling you the amount of your new vehicle’s surety bond, which you will then buy from an insurance provider approved by the DMV. This bond makes sure that the motor vehicle doesn’t have any problems or liens to let you be registered as the new owner.
After purchasing the surety bond, you may then apply for a bonded title, which will list you as the legal owner of the motor vehicle. We have a separate article that explains it in more detail: Obtaining a Vehicle Title with a Bill of Sale.