Preliminary Treatment: Large debris and solid materials are removed from the wastewater through screens and grit chambers. 2.       Primary Treatment: Wastewater undergoes sedimentation to separate solid particles, forming primary sludge. 3.       Secondary Treatment: Biological processes are employed to break down organic pollutants using microorganisms in aeration tanks. 4.       Tertiary Treatment: Advanced methods like filtration, disinfection, and oxidation remove remaining contaminants, including nutrients and pathogens. 5.       Sludge Treatment and Disposal: Sludge generated during the process is treated and stabilized through methods like anaerobic digestion, dewatering, and drying before disposal or beneficial use.