Demacia, Noxus, Frejlord, and Ionia are the most prominent realms. However, hundreds of smaller states and nations live independently from those mentioned above. These realms have different relations, with some of them being extremely militaristic and expansive orientated, such as Noxus towards Ionia.  All the realms have different leaders and nature, so the differences are easily captured compared to the similarities. Therefore, it’s easily noted why wars have ravaged Valoran and why its inhabitants were focused on survival first.