The Greek philosophers Socrates (469-399 BC) and Plato (428-348 BC) believed that we are born with innate knowledge of the world and that the mind and the body exist as two distinct entities, a contention called dualism. Aristotle (384-322 BC), used careful observations to conclude that the mind is not separate from the body (monism) and that we accumulate knowledge through our experiences. Rene Descartes (1595-1650) and John Locke (1632-1704), supported mind/body dualism (Cognito ergo sum – ”I think, therefore I am.”) and maintained that humans are born with knowledge. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) is credited with creating the first experimental psychology laboratory and trained his students to analyze their thoughts, sensations, and perceptions through objective introspection. To understand the elements of the mind, psychologists need to measure and analyze their own thoughts and perceptions. Along with his student, Edward Titchener (1867-1927), Wundt founded structuralism, the belief that every thought or perception can be broken down into separate emotions and sensations. William James (1842-1910) expanded on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection; he believed that certain physical traits helped an animal survive in their environment and because of their success, that animal would be more likely to mate and pass on these traits to their offspring. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ap-psychology-module-11-exam-review/