eBPF is a more advanced and versatile technology than kernel modules. While kernel modules are typically used to add new functionality to the kernel, eBPF allows for more fine-grained control over kernel behavior. Hence, can be used for a wide variety of tasks, from filtering packets to tracing system events. Primary some key differences: eBPF is a virtual machine (VM) technology. Kernel modules, on the other hand, are pieces of code that can be loaded into the kernel Loading and removal of eBPF programs can be done dynamically while kernel modules can only be loaded or removed by modifying the running kernel and rebooting the system eBPF programs are executed inside the kernel and have a safer access to the kernel data. Kernel modules are executed directly in kernel space, so errors in kernel modules can cause system crashes or data corruption.