High-quality anti-rabies vaccines for dogs, developed in compliance with WOAH Standards, are available. Vaccination of dogs is the preferred method of controlling and eliminating rabies worldwide. For epidemiological, ethical and economic reasons, the culling of animals that are potential reservoirs cannot be considered as the priority for control and elimination of rabies. All successful rabies elimination campaigns have included measures combining control and vaccination of stray dog populations and vaccination of all owned dogs. In wild animals, oral immunisation using vaccine-containing baits has produced excellent results in some animal species (fox, raccoon, skunk, etc.) and has proved an effective solution to control rabies in foxes in Western Europe.