DEA registration violations can be prosecuted as violations of the Controlled Substances Act. The CSA is a criminal statute that imposes years-long (if not decades-long) terms of imprisonment and substantial fines for virtually all prescription-related crimes. Federal program billing fraud can be prosecuted either civilly or criminally depending on the circumstances involved. Civil violations can lead to recoupments, fines, treble damages, program exclusion, and other penalties. Criminal violations carry the potential for substantial prison terms under the False Claims Act and other statutes.