Mucilage is found in both the root and the leaf of marshmallow, although the root contains a larger amount of it. Marshmallow can be used to calm swollen and irritated mucous membranes of the respiratory and urinary systems, in addition to treating digestive tract diseases. The leaf is useful for soothing sore throats. Marshmallow root is more commonly used than marshmallow leaves. It is available as a powder that can be used in place of sugar in recipes or taken straight off the spoon. The root has a mild sweet taste similar to that of honey. It contains vitamins C and A, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. The root is used in Chinese medicine to treat coughs and colds, diarrhea, irritability, insomnia, and wounds. In Europe, it is used as a diuretic and to relieve constipation. In North America, the leaf is rarely used except by some Native Americans who chew it as a stimulant substance before going on long hunting trips. The root is widely distributed throughout the world and is available all year round. The two plants are not related either genetically or evolutionarily. They belong to two different families: Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) and Hippocastanaceae (pyrogyl).