Medical malpractice is when a medical care provider--including a lab--provides care that does NOT reach the expected or standard level of medical care or competency.The problem is, sometimes there is malpractice--i.e. bad care--but no effective recourse. For example--you've been in pain for a few hours and felt uncomfortable. As a practical matter, that is not worth anything in a court in a law--lawsuits compensate people for out of pocket costs or serious pain and suffering, not minor and short lived discomfort. If you sued, you would not be able to collect any money, which means the cost of suing would put you behind.(Of course, if turns out you suffer any longer-term consequences, or require medical care as a result of the lab's actions, that'll be a different story.)You may be able to file a complaint with the state board or agency which licenses labs, lab techs, etc., and/or complain to the insurer or doctor who recommended the lab to you, but there is very rarely, if every, economic compensation for a few hours discomfort.