Yes, you can go to jail if you fail to pay child support. If the judge finds that you purposely failed to pay child support in violation of a court order, you could be found in contempt of court and sentenced to up to six months in jail. The Texas Attorney General's Office also has a unit dedicated to finding and prosecuting parents who don't pay child support. You can be arrested for failing to pay child support and charged with "criminal nonsupport." If convicted, you would face six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine.