A BSoD will not harm your PC components, but it will certainly spoil your day. Progress in your work will come to a standstill, and likely so will your good mood. You'll need to restart your computer, then reload the programs and files you had open before the error message occurred. Unfortunately, there is the possibility that some (or even all) of your work will be lost. However, starting from scratch on a project is vastly preferable to any extensive (and expensive) damage on your computer.