Apart from domain walls in van der Waals materials, other types of 1D electron systems that could exhibit similar tunable Luttinger liquid behavior include semiconductor nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and quantum wires in heterostructures. These systems possess confined geometries that promote strong electron-electron interactions, leading to the emergence of Luttinger liquid behavior. By manipulating parameters such as carrier density, magnetic field, or external gating, researchers can tune the properties of these 1D electron systems and explore a wide range of quantum phases and phenomena.