The spam filter utilizes a combination of techniques to identify and filter out unwanted spam emails. It analyzes various aspects of incoming emails, including sender reputation, email content, headers, and patterns. The filter employs sophisticated algorithms that compare these characteristics against known spam signatures and behavioral patterns. It also considers factors like the presence of suspicious attachments or links. By using these methods, the spam filter assigns a spam score to each email. If the score exceeds a certain threshold, the email is flagged as spam and either moved to a designated spam folder or blocked altogether. This process helps to keep your inbox free from unsolicited and potentially harmful messages while allowing legitimate emails to reach you.