Any work, operation, or activity on or under the existing surface resulting in a disturbance or displacement of the soil or ground cover. A ground disturbance can include, but are not limited to: digging; excavation; trenching; ditching; tunnelling; boring; drilling; pushing; augering; topsoil stripping; land levelling; grading; plowing to install underground infrastructure; tree planting; clearing; stump removal; subsoiling; blasting or using explosives; quarrying; grinding and milling asphalt/concrete; seismic exploration, driving fence posts, bars, rods, pins, anchors, or pilings; and, crossing of buried pipelines or other underground infrastructures by heavy loads off the travelled portion of public roadway. (CSA Z247-15)