There are various causes of insomnia, including physical and mental health conditions, medications, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors. However, stress and anxiety are the most common causes of insomnia. When people experience stress, their bodies release stress hormones like cortisol, which increases their heart rate and makes them more alert. This state of heightened alertness can make it difficult for people to fall asleep and stay asleep. Anxiety, on the other hand, causes racing thoughts and worries that can keep people up at night. In some cases, people with anxiety disorders may develop insomnia as a symptom of their condition. Other potential causes of insomnia include chronic pain, medication side effects, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and caffeine or alcohol consumption. Some people may also experience insomnia due to environmental factors, such as noise, light, or temperature.