The two examples below represent two nations that arose throughout the nineteenth century, namely Germany and Italy. 1) Italy: Mazzini attempted to unite Italy within the 1830s. He had founded a private society known as 'Young Italy,' but had ended in failure. As a result, Sardinia-Piedmont, led by King Victor Emmanuel II, was tasked with uniting Italian nations via war. In 1859, Austrian soldiers were weakened. Aside from Sardinia-Piedmont, a considerable number of supporters have adopted the struggle beneath Giuseppe Garibaldi's command. They stormed to South Italy in 1860 and defeated Spanish overlords. Victor Emmanuel II became crowned King of Italy in 1861. 2) Germany: Conservatives frequently used nationalist emotions to advance government authority and achieve political influence throughout Europe. This could be seen from the procedure by which Germany and Italy became nation-states. Middle-class Germans attempted to combine the various areas of German States, although such efforts were blocked by acts of wealthy farmers known as "Junkers of Prussia." Three wars against Austria, Denmark, and France lasted 7 years and resulted in a Prussia win. In January 1871, Prussian King William I was named German Emperor. Modernization of Germany's monetary, financial, juridical, and shared decision-making was prioritised.