The short answer is "No." Indians do not need a permission, passport, or visa to access the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
For Indians
Make sure you have a valid government-issued ID, such as an Aadhar Card, Passport, or Voter ID, as it is required for admission and other activities, including hotel check-ins.
For Foreigners
All foreign travelers traveling to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are required to obtain a RAP (Restricted Area Permit). This is a 30-day permit issued to non-Indians on arrival at Port Blair Airport. In addition, foreign nationals must be in possession of a valid Indian visa prior to arrival in India to ensure smooth entry into the Andaman Islands (Please note that no hotel in the Andaman Islands will provide accommodation to foreign nationals without a RAP. Hence, obtaining this permit is a mandatory formality).