Supervisors: Ákos Jóźwiak DVM, PhD and Tekla Engelhardt PhD Year of submisson: 2022 The world needs more protein for the ever-increasing population. The traditional production of meat is responsible for a large part of greenhouse gases and pollution. Compared to the production of animal protein, insect-based protein gives lower emissions and requires less natural resources such as water, space, energy, and feed. This is novel food with an emerging industry. This literature review aims to find out if insect-based protein is safe to eat, and safe for the environment and whether there is sufficient legislation and detailed research results in the area. It was concluded that if the insects contain harmful substances it depended on the food they were fed with and that no research to date has shown that they would be transferred to humans. It also appears that the environmental benefits were significant.