The purpose of the treatment is to close the fistula.
Catheter embolization is a procedure similar to an angiogram. Through these catheters, different agents such as metal coils, plastic particles, glue-like substances, and occasionally stents or other devices are delivered
to close the fistula.
Some dural fistulas can be observed conservatively, depending on factors such as size, location, and overall patient condition.
Sometimes, catheter embolization is not possible for various reasons. In these cases, a highly precise form of radiation treatment (usually gamma-knife) can be used to target and close the fistula.
Radiation treatments take time to work (months to years) but can be remarkably effective at safely and effectively closing very complicated fistulas for which no other treatment exists.
Finally, in some select, complex cases, fistulas require an open surgical procedure – either to directly close the fistula or to facilitate access to it through catheters when getting there through arteries or veins
in the legs and other places is not anatomically possible.
The details of any treatment are best discussed with the specialist performing the procedure.