You can't apply for Chase Ink Preferred without a business. That's one of the main requirements for getting the card. However, having a “business” doesn't necessarily mean having an office and paying employees. Your business could be as simple as regularly selling things on eBay or Etsy, or being a freelance writer or artist. If you're a sole proprietor, you don't even need the business to have its own tax ID number. You can use your Social Security number instead.
In order to apply for Chase Ink Preferred, you'll need several pieces of information. First, you'll need the legal name of the business, the address and the phone number. You can substitute your own name if the business has no name, along with your address and phone number if you don't work outside your home. You'll also need to specify the type of business, the number of years in business, the number of employees and the annual revenue. And you'll need to provide the business tax ID number or your SSN.
It's not a good idea to apply for Chase Ink Preferred without a business if you truly have no business income. Lying on credit card applications is illegal. You're better off taking the time to start a small side business by selling things online or doing freelance work before you apply. Or, if you're not planning to start a business, you should just get a consumer card.