Microbiological studies involve various direct and indirect evidences that could help in the diagnosis and management of the infection.
Direct evidences include microscopy (staining of slides to look acid fast bacilli - AFB), culture and Molecular amplification methods to look for bacterial DNA or RNA. Indirect tests are usually supportive and include Mantoux, Quantiferron TB Gold IT test, serology, ESR, radiolabelled imaging scans, etc.
If specimens were not taken initially then material may have to be collected again though if some material is still available with the lab, then microscopy could be done.
Treatment requires a definitive diagnosis and usually TB of bones is curable and the duration of treatment is around 1 year.
You can visit any large hospital / medical college in your state to access these facilities.