In between the vertebrae are soft and rubbery discs that act as a cushion between each vertebra’s spaces. The discs are made up of a jelly-like substance inside and surrounded by a tough substance on the outside. These discs protect the spine and act as shock absorbers whenever a person walks, runs, bends, twists, or jumps. Any tear to the disc’s outer layer can cause the soft tissue inside to protrude out, thus causing the herniation.