Azure provides all of the elements for conducting today's business - this is not reinventing the wheel, it just seamlessly integrates all components into a very fast, user friendly platform.
1) Computing: The most basic concept. Azure offers application development, hosting and deployment as well as options like Virtual Machines (VMs), VM scale Set, Azure App Service, Functions and Batch Service.
2) Storage: All data and applications are stored securely in Microsoft's vast cloud: Blob Storage, Azure Tables, File Storage and Queues.
3) Database: Complete data management services.
4) Authentication & Security: Incorporates the famously top-level Microsoft Cybersecurity as well as encryption through Azure Vault Key and access management through Azure Active Directory among others.
5) Networking: Creates Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for secure networking and collaboration and Azure Traffic Manager manages traffic between data centers - a component that greatly adds to the speed factor of the platform.
6) Monitoring: Full analytics for every application through Azure Monitoring, which collects data for performance improvement and stores the Logs and Metrics for further analysis.
7) Web Services: Full web development tools. You develop, and Azure takes care of the execution and maintenance.
8) Mobile Services: All facets of Azure take into account remote devices - Work from Home desktops, laptops, tablets etc. This component provides backend service to employees who run company applications on Smart Phones, which have previously been just sort of 'patched-into' the network.