Ancient Egyptians believe sickness was because the gods or evil spirits were angry, so they often resorted first to offering prayer for healing. Though the Egyptians' Ebers Papyrus, the most ancient text concerning medical practice, includes more than 700 remedies, charms and incantations that date back to 3400 B.C.E. Among them: dog, gazelle and fly dung; aloe, acacia seeds and leaves; cannabis; castor and cedar oils; frankincense; honey; juniper; pomegranate juice and root; and thyme and willow leaves.