Structural analysis is a branch of engineering which focuses on the performance of structures, including load resistance. There are manual calculation or computer simulation methods which allow engineers to evaluate the load resistance of a structure.
Structures must be able to withstand various loads, such as weight, wind, and environmental factors, without collapsing or deforming. To determine the load resistance of a structure, engineers use structural analysis techniques, which can be either analytical solutions (traditionally manual calculations) or numerical computer simulations (finite element analysis).
Analytical solutions, also known as classic engineering methods, are traditionally used to calculate the load resistance of structures. These methods are based on mechanics and the theory of strength, and empirical and test results. Mathematical equations are used to calculate, for example, the stresses and strains within a structure under various loads.
However, computer simulations, such as finite element analysis (FEA), are also used, using more complex simulation models. FEA is a numerical method that divides a structure into small elements, which are then analyzed for stresses and strains. This allows engineers to evaluate the load resistance of a structure under different loading conditions and simulate the design changes made to ensure its safety. FEA is a widely-used tool in engineering design due to its efficiency when analyzing complex structures, however, expertise is often needed to validate the models and to interpret the results.