A:この研究は(Hasan et al., 2012) found that both the water and alcohol extracts of amla reduced the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the tooth by 50% at certain concentrations. They also reduced the biofilm formation by 50% at lower concentrations. Moreover, they decreased the glucan synthesis and the stickiness of the bacterium. The gene expression analysis showed that the extracts suppressed the genes that are important for biofilm formation. The microscopic images confirmed that the extracts disrupted the biofilm structure compared to the control.