The types of tests needed for Trisomy 13 include:
1. Fetal nuchal translucency (FNT) scan: This special scan measures the fluid area at the back of the baby's neck and can indicate if it is larger than normal.
2. Measurement of specific substances in the mother's blood: Doctors measure the levels of free beta subunit or total human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Lower amounts of these substances may suggest Trisomy 13.
3. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): This test uses fragments of the baby's DNA present in the mother's blood to screen for Trisomy 13.
4. Invasive testing methods: If further confirmation is needed, invasive tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis can be done to collect samples for testing.
5. Confirmation after birth: The final confirmation of Trisomy 13 can be established after the baby is born through techniques like karyotype testing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
It is important to note that the decision to undergo these tests should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.