TMD arises from a combination of factors, including jaw injuries and joint conditions like arthritis. It’s hypothesized that worsened TMD symptoms can result from bruxism (teeth clenching or grinding) and tension in the head or neck muscles. Stress might also play a role, although whether it causes TMD or is a consequence remains unclear. Additionally, ill-fitting partial or full dentures, along with habits like fingernail biting and biting on pens or pencils, can contribute to TMD. With such a diverse range of causes, diagnosing TMD can be challenging. To gain insight into your jaw pain symptoms, the best step is to schedule an appointment.