Gravity plays a crucial role in space exploration by providing the force needed to propel spacecraft on trajectories, maintain orbits around celestial bodies, and slingshot spacecraft to other destinations in the solar system. Techniques like gravitational assists, where a spacecraft gains speed by flying close to a planet or moon, are used to conserve fuel and reach distant destinations more efficiently. Understanding gravitational forces also enables scientists to study celestial bodies, model orbits, and plan missions to explore the cosmos.