PhD studentship projects are awarded by different funding organizations in the UK. (a) First, research councils that come under the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) fund universities for PhD student's projects. (b) Second, universities themselves also offer PhD students projects in the UK from their own grants and bursaries. (c) Third, many professional third-party institutions provide doctoral research studentships. (d) Finally, besides academic funding options, PhD studentships are also offered by the industry these studentships usually pay higher than other types of funding.