No. They are very different in flavor and in how you cook them. Radicchio is in the chicory family, has a little bitterness, and wilts quickly when heated. Red cabbage is sweet, has a lot more water in it, and takes much longer to cook. You'd have pretty raw cabbage if you swapped them in this recipe. You'd also turn the entire thing pink, because as the cabbage cooks, it will release water and color the rest of the dish. And that would be pretty weird.