Hyperparathyroidism may go on its own if less severe, otherwise, one may live with it for about 10 years without causing too many problems. Problems that may begin to occur include kidney stones, osteoporosis, memory loss, excessive urination, thirst, nausea, weakness, etc. However, do not be careless and leave it untreated as the condition can kill when it is advanced, like beyond 15 to 20 years without medications.