(a) The thickness of a sheet of paper can roughly be determined by measuring the height of a stack of paper.Example: Let us consider a stack of 100 sheets of paper. We will use a ruler to measure its height. In order to determine the thickness of a sheet of paper, we will divide the height of the stack with the number of sheets (i.e., 100).(b) The distance between the Sun and the Moon can be measured by using Pythagoras theorem when the Earth makes an angle of 90∘  with the Sun and the Moon. We already know the distances from the Sun to the Earth and from the Earth to the Moon. However, these distances keep on changing due to the revolution of the Moon around the Earth and the revolution of the Earth around the Sun.