Isopropyl alcohol, particularly in solutions containing 60–90% alcohol and 10–40% filtered water, is fast antibacterial against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. When alcohol concentrations fall below 50%, their value for disinfection decreases dramatically. The time required to reduce the microbial population by 90% after exposure to isopropanol solutions of 70% or more is less than 15 minutes. Alcohols remove organic material from surfaces to which they are applied. This includes cleaning equipment used during hospital stays and nursing homes, as well as household items such as utensils and toys. Alcohols destroy most bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They do not affect animals, plants, or human cells. Isopropyl alcohol is active against a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and virus. It is effective against bacteria that cause pneumonia, diarrhea, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and meningitis. Isopropyl alcohol kills viruses that cause the common cold, influenza, herpes, and hepatitis B and C. Alcohols can be harmful if not used properly. Excessive amounts may burn skin or irritate eyes. Isopropyl alcohol is toxic if ingested. The toxicity depends on how much is consumed and how it is taken. Eating any amount of fruit exposed to isopropyl alcohol can lead to stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting.