No, the meaning stays the same. Spelling variations of Catherine have to do with Greek, Latin, or Anglicized origins, but the original meaning remains the same no matter how it’s spelled.
However, changing the spelling of the name too much can create problems for your child later in life, like misspellings or mispronunciations. Spelling differences can reflect your family history or your child’s coming individuality, but it’s best not to stray too far from tradition for this lovely name.