Hap by Thomas Hardy uses a variety of literary devices, including personification, imagery, and symbolism. Personification is used to give human qualities to non-human things, such as describing the wind as a "sighing sound". Imagery is used to create vivid mental images, such as describing the sky as "a dome of dark blue". Symbolism is used to represent ideas or concepts, such as the use of a "lonely tree" to represent loneliness.