Scientific research is funded by a variety of sources, including government agencies, private foundations, and corporations. Governments often fund scientific research in order to advance public knowledge and improve the lives of citizens. Private foundations may fund research in specific areas, such as medical research or environmental research. Corporations may fund research in order to develop new products or technologies that can be profitable. There are also many individual donors who fund scientific research through philanthropy. Funding for scientific research can be competitive and limited, and researchers must often submit proposals and compete for grants and awards.