Many types of errors and mistakes can be the basis of a medical malpractice case. A healthcare professional may fail to recognize the signs of a life-threatening health emergency, fail to properly provide the appropriate treatments, give you the wrong medication, make an error during surgery, or forget to take your patient history into account as they make medical decisions. A surprising number of malpractice cases involve premature discharge, which means discharging someone from the hospital too early before is medically appropriate.