Gum disease is a very general term that includes many different diseases. We’ll focus on the two major types; gingivitis, and periodontitis. Gum disease is caused by specific types of bacteria. Some of the risk factors include genetics, oral hygiene, pregnancy, smoking, and diabetes. Gingivitis is limited to the gums. Periodontitis affects the gums and bone that surrounds the teeth. In both types of diseases, the patient may notice bad breath and bleeding gums. In periodontitis, the patient will also lose bone around the teeth which may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Periodontitis has also been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, and premature births in pregnant mothers.