Leaf part contains cuticle present in the upper layer which protects plants from drying out by reducing of water loss, upper epidermis consists of a single layer of cells covered by cuticle which contains pores that allow gas and water molecules to pass, Palisade mesophyll present just beneath the epidermis, Spongy mesophyll is the second type of mesophyll which composed of closely packed irregular shape cells surrounded by airspace, lower epidermis present below the spongy mesophyll, which contains vascular bundles and stomata. the pore-like openings in the underside of the leaf are called stomata. Each stoma contains two guard cells which control the opening and closing of the stomata.