Filing a claim against the insurance policy covering a negligent party requires evidence of their negligence and of your damages, such as medical expenses and lost income when you were unable to work due to your injuries.
The major challenge in filing a claim is the fact that the insurance company will want to pay you as little as possible, or nothing at all. To that end, the insurance adjuster will attempt to increase your percentage of fault and decrease the value of your damages. That is how insurance companies work.