Culture change necessitation is normally obvious when some of the following incur: Staff turnover is high Staff morale appears to be low; i.e. low levels of motivation exist People struggle to make deadlines or deliver quality work, or is unable to come up with ways in which to improve the business generally Conflict is high and goes unresolved for long periods of time Low trust is evident; there is a need to watch one’s back Collaboration and cooperation are not the norm and high individualism is favored Office gossip and rumour-mongering takes place There is a general lack of transparency and open communication Bureaucracy is practiced Risk-taking is low; a fear of mistake-making is evident; and Leadership seems to be disempowered.