On the Headstock: There are three buttons. The two round buttons adjust the pitch; you can raise or lower the pitch as needed. The long oval button lets you switch between different tones with a light press. On the Side of the Guitar: There are two round buttons. The one with a microphone symbol can be rotated to adjust the microphone volume, and a light press will turn the loop mode on or off. When loop mode is on, the two round buttons on the headstock adjust the tempo, while the oval button switches between different rhythm patterns. The power symbol button adjusts the speaker volume with a rotation, and you can press and hold it to power the guitar on or off