It’s difficult to pinpoint what causes cancer, but some risk factors can dramatically increase your chances of developing head and neck cancer. Tobacco use, including cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco, is by far the largest risk factor for head and neck cancer. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 85% of head and neck cancers are associated with tobacco use. Other risk factors that may make you more susceptible to head and neck cancer include: Alcohol use UV exposure from the sun Poor nutrition Poor oral hygiene Inhaled pollutants such as asbestos and certain chemicals Some medical conditions such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or Epstein-Barr virus may also cause head and neck cancer.