The four types of data loss are:
Logical, when your storage device is actually working fine but your computer’s software does something wrong and corrupts some files.
Mechanical or physical, when the device itself either sustains some damage that causes it to stop working or some component fails.
Electronic, this kind of data loss is caused by power surges or something similar, causing the data stored in a hard drive to get lost. (data is stored in the form of charged cells, so a power surge could change the polarity of the cells.)
Heart-stopping. This one refers to serious kinds of damage caused by accidents like dropping a heart drive or spilling liquid on your laptop.