Penguins' habitats are primarily located in the Southern Hemisphere, spanning various regions around Antarctica, the sub-Antarctic islands, parts of South America, Africa, and New Zealand. These flightless birds are well-adapted to thrive in cold and icy environments, and they rely on the ocean for their survival. Many penguin species prefer to inhabit coastal areas, where they can easily access the sea to hunt for food. They build their nests on land, often forming large colonies, which offer protection, warmth, and opportunities for social interactions.