Barbers generally work only with hair, whereas cosmetologists treat hair, skin and nails.
Cosmetologists can specialize in a wide range of different services  including hair extensions, coloring, electrology or makeup, but a barber has far less different options.
Barbers tend to work primarily with male clients, while cosmetologists work with clients of both genders.
Both professions require licensing and postsecondary training.
Both jobs earn a similar salary and can expect similar job growth in the coming years.