The main benefits of using Artifacts in Claude include improved content management, enhanced collaboration, better organization, increased productivity, versatility in supporting various content types, version control for easy comparison and refinement, and seamless integration with ongoing conversations. Artifacts allow users to work more efficiently with Claude on complex tasks by providing a dedicated window for viewing, editing, and iterating on significant, self-contained content generated by the AI, ultimately streamlining workflows and enhancing the overall user experience.