A control system typically consists of several main parts:
Sensors: These are devices that measure the process variable, such as temperature, position or speed, and convert it into an electrical signal that can be processed by the control system.
Actuators: These are devices that produce a physical output, such as movement or force, in response to a control signal. They are used to control the process variable.
Controller: This is the device or algorithm that processes the sensor input and generates the control output. It compares the measured process variable to the desired set point and calculates the error signal. Based on this error signal, the controller generates the control output to the actuator.
Transmission: This is the communication link between the sensor, controller and actuator. It can be an electrical cable, wireless link or other type of communication medium.
User interface : This is an optional part of the control system which allows the operator to monitor, control and configure the system.