Yes. As long as you are pushing your sets close enough to failure, and following the progression outlined, you should reach a sufficient level of tension to trigger new muscle growth. A 2017 meta-analysis found that even just 1-4 sets per muscle per week was enough to stimulate measurable hypertrophy. Two meta-analyses from 2019 also found that trained lifters were able to make significant strength gains with just 1 set per exercise, taken to failure 2-3x per week. All of this data shows that not only can a minimalistic approach to training be effective, it can even be effective for more experienced lifters. Of course, at a certain point in your development you may need to increase volume to continue maximizing your gains, but there is no question that measurable gains can occur from short, intense workouts.