Rational choice theory holds that humans are rational beings who make decisions based on reason and self-interest. In the context of criminology, this theory suggests that criminals make choices to engage in criminal behaviour based on a cost-benefit analysis. They weigh the potential costs (e.g. imprisonment, fines, etc.) against the potential benefits (e.g. financial gain, adrenaline rush, etc.) and choose to commit a crime if they believe the benefits outweigh the costs. This theory can help to explain why some people choose to engage in criminal behaviour even when they are aware of the potential consequences. It also has implications for crime prevention, as it suggests that criminals are more likely to be deterred by the prospect of increased costs (e.g. harsher punishments) than by the prospect of decreased benefits (e.g. increased risk of getting caught).