Ligases are responsible for catalyzing the joining of two molecules, typically using energy derived from the breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process, known as ligation, is crucial in various cellular functions such as DNA repair and replication.
There are several types of ligases, each with distinct characteristics and functions. These include DNA ligases, and Ubiquitin ligases.
DNA ligases: DNA ligases are instrumental in connecting Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
RNA ligases: RNA ligases are involved in RNA processing and the repair of RNA molecules.
Ubiquitin ligases: Ubiquitin ligases attach ubiquitin to proteins, marking them for degradation.
Despite their differences, all ligases share a common function: they facilitate the formation of bonds between molecules, thereby maintaining the integrity and functionality of cells.