The 7R’s of modernisation are  Retain: Preserving the existing system by encapsulating modern application features without big changes. This approach also supports integrating new tools and technologies. Rehost: Moving the application to modern platforms such as cloud, physical and virtual without altering the code or its functions. This deployment offers scaleability support. Replatform: This approach involves upgrading the application with the required technology changes to make it run smoothly. Refactor: Optimise the existing code or rewrite certain components of the system without affecting how it works, making it easier to maintain and update. Rearchitect: Transferring the application’s overall structure to the new application architecture will improve system flexibility and integration. This approach fixes limitations and makes the application work with modern technologies.  Rebuild: Completely recreate the application from scratch by retaining its actual functionality but with modern technology. Replace:  Substitute the legacy systems with a new one, whether it’s a custom-built or on-shelf solution. This is ideal when starting fresh with modern capabilities, features and requirements.