As mentioned, Thor Energy was the first to begin energy production through thorium, but it now faces competition from firms in the nuclear industry around the world. For example, India has been interested in thorium-based nuclear energy for decades, according to the WNA. The country’s nuclear developers have designed an advanced heavy water reactor that is specifically aimed at using thorium as a fuel. China is also a major player in thorium reactor development. It began planning its US$500 million molten-salt reactor program in 2011. Construction on the site began in September 2018, and China announced in the fall of 2021 that it had begun testing the experimental thorium-fueled nuclear reactor. If the tests are successful, there are plans for a second reactor. The country hopes that establishing a commercial-scale thorium-based nuclear power industry will help it meet its zero-carbon emissions goal by 2060. In Indonesia, ThorCon and the country’s government are working on launching a 50 megawatt thorium molten-salt reactor for either power generation or marine vehicle propulsion.