Calhoun had a promising political future but ran into several issues due to the tariff of 1816 as he was once a protectionist who supported the tariff. This created an issue for South Carolina that he solved by drawing from Madison and Jefferson in quoting the 10th Amendment. He basically argued that the state, not Congress or the courts, should determine whether or not this tariff was unconstitutional. Van Buren, on the other hand, believed in stronger federal government. In 1828, he won governorship over New York. The following year he was appointed Secretary of State and established himself as a member of the Kitchen Cabinet, holding a heavy influence close to that a President Jackson. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/jacksonian-america-2-4737/