Conjugation involves the overlap of p-orbitals across adjacent single and multiple bonds, allowing for the delocalization of π electrons across several atoms. This delocalization results in increased stability because the electrons are spread over a larger volume of space, lowering the overall energy of the molecule. Moreover, conjugated systems often exhibit enhanced reactivity, particularly in reactions such as electrophilic additions and cycloadditions, due to the presence of extended π-electron clouds that can interact with electrophiles or engage in pericyclic reactions more readily than isolated double bonds.