The high diversity and geographic segregation of fox circoviral strains provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history and long-term co-evolution of these viruses with their wild canid hosts. The presence of multiple distinct lineages and clades of fox circoviruses, each associated with specific geographic locations, suggests a complex evolutionary pattern shaped by local adaptation and viral diversification. The segregation of strains by location indicates limited viral movement between different regions, highlighting the importance of local transmission dynamics in shaping the genetic diversity of these viruses. Understanding the evolutionary relationships and distribution patterns of fox circoviral strains can help elucidate the historical interactions between the viruses and their wild canid hosts, shedding light on the long-term co-evolutionary processes that have influenced the genetic diversity and epidemiology of these viruses in wild carnivore populations.