Library subscriptions are quite complex. Cornell University Library subscribes to well over a million ejournals, ebooks, and databases from thousands of publishers. They are licensed individually and in bundles, either directly or through one of many third-party aggregators or service providers. Individual journals can change titles, change publishers, change distributors, can be packaged into different bundles, can be included and excluded from different packages and access levels, can cease and be revived. All these permutations produce a high level of complexity.