Multiple replicas in Hadoop are a great way to protect against hardware failures such as disk drive failure or server failure. However, neither way protects against natural disasters, human errors, application corruptions, or cyberattacks. One or more of the following three options will have to be put in place to protect against these scenarios: Back up data on a regular basis using an enterprise-class solution, located in the same data center, a remote data center, or in the cloud. Regular backups will help protect against human errors and application corruptions. If backups are stored in a remote location, they can also protect against natural disasters. Data recovery may take longer (higher RTO) and recovered data may not be the most current, depending on how frequently backups are done. Replicate data asynchronously from the production Hadoop cluster to a standby Hadoop cluster in a different data center. Since replication mirrors data from production to the standby Hadoop cluster, it doesn’t have older copies of the data and doesn’t provide a way to recover older data that may be lost due to human error or application corruption. However, replication does protect against a natural disaster or power outage in the data center where the production Hadoop cluster is located. Since the data is always available in the standby Hadoop cluster, recovery time (RTO) is shorter. RPO will depend on the frequency with which data is copied to the remote data center. Synchronously replicate data from the production Hadoop cluster to another Hadoop cluster in a different data center. Synchronous replication will not protect against human error or application corruption, but will safeguard data in case of a data center outage. This solution results in the best RPO (no data loss) and RTO (very quick failover to the active Hadoop cluster).