All travelers should be up to date on their routine vaccinations before visiting Peru, including measles, mumps, and rubella, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, chickenpox, polio, and influenza. It’s also recommended that you are immunized against hepatitis A and typhoid (both of which can be contracted by consuming contaminated food and/or water) and hepatitis B, which you can get through blood products, contaminated needles or sexual contact.  If you’re planning on doing activities or visiting areas that will expose you to dogs, bats, and other mammals, you may also want to get a vaccine against rabies. Yellow fever vaccinations are recommended for those traveling to areas lower in elevation than 2,300 meters, although not required if you’re just visiting Lima, Cusco, Machu Picchu, and the Inca Trail. Some areas of Peru under 2,000 meters in elevation are also at risk of malaria. We recommend discussing your health history and upcoming travel plans with your health care provider well before your trip.