Osteoarthritis treatment can include pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. For mild symptoms, conservative treatment approaches can be effective to alleviate the symptoms. These approaches include lifestyle adjustments such as exercising and maintaining a healthy weight. As the condition progresses, pharmacological treatments may be required to relieve symptoms Commonly used options include painkillers that act to reduce inflammation, such as oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. These treatments provide rapid but short-lived pain relief and are associated with frequent side effects, making them inappropriate for prolonged use. Oral NSAIDs increase the risk of adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney injury, heart attack and stroke.2 Frequent corticosteroid injections are not recommended as they can accelerate osteoarthritis progression, weaken the bone, disrupt blood flow, and increase the risk of fracture.3 If conservative osteoarthritis treatment is no longer effective at relieving pain, surgery may be considered to replace the joint as a last resort. For these patients, viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid can be an effective approach to reduce joint pain, improve joint function, and delay the need for surgery.