A type of long-chain lipid, complex fatty alcohol that can be found. naturally in the upper layer of the skin.  It functions as a water-binding agent and also has antimicrobial and cell communicating qualities. Its name is derived from the term sphingoid, coined in 1884 by chemist J. L. W. Thudichum because the way the molecules of this substance lined up reminded him of the riddle of the Sphinx. Phytoshingosine can also be a skin-restoring ingredient and one that is best for compromised skin.