Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy, otherwise known as “HIE”, is a technical term describing brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and/or restriction of blood flow (ischaemia) to a baby which can result in neurological and developmental disorders. It is often associated with full term babies but can occur in premature babies too. There are 3 categories of HIE: mild, moderate and severe and the grade will determine the type of treatment required and the likely long-term outcome for the child.