Conveyor belt sway, also known as belt misalignment or drift, occurs when the belt shifts from its intended path. This can happen due to uneven loading of materials, worn or improperly aligned rollers and idlers, or issues with the belt tension. Belt sway can cause material spillage, increased wear and tear on the belt, and potential damage to the conveyor structure. It's important to address belt sway promptly to maintain safe and efficient conveyor operation.