Open RAN or ORAN is a set of standards for collaboration in telecom radio access networks (RAN) equipment design that allows interoperability between devices and interfaces, regardless of the manufacturer. This standardization opens the RAN segment of mobile telecom networks to increased scalability and flexibility because communication service providers (CSPs) can build out their networks with any open RAN-compliant equipment. It also allows telecom equipment designers and manufacturers to segment or specialize, without having to provide a complete suite of network elements.