The GI tract, also known as the digestive tract, comprises interconnected tube-like organs spanning from the oesophagus in the mouth to the anus. Each segment of the GI tract plays a vital role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Key organs within the GI tract include the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (small bowel), large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. Additionally, the digestive system encompasses ancillary organs such as the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas, which contribute crucially to the digestive process. Gastrointestinal surgery involves a diverse array of procedures aimed at addressing both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancer) conditions affecting the body s digestive system.