The main types of solar trackers are single-axis and dual-axis trackers. Single-axis trackers rotate on one axis and include variations like horizontal, vertical, or tilted trackers, each suited for different geographic locations and solar irradiance levels. Dual-axis trackers offer two degrees of movement, allowing for more precise tracking of the sun's path throughout the day and year, resulting in higher efficiency, though at a greater complexity and cost. These solar trackers play a crucial role in optimizing the energy output of solar panels by adjusting their orientation to maximize sunlight exposure.