The dysfuction of particular proteins lies at the root of the majority of human disorders. Therapeutic proteins are crucial in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases, hemophilia, and anemia. They also play important roles in the prevention of these disorders happening in high-risk populations such as neonates, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. Recombinant protein therapies include products made from the genetic engineering of living cells. These treatments offer many advantages over traditional drug therapies. Recombinant protein therapies do not cause the toxic effects associated with many conventional drugs. They can also be designed to target specific sites within the body for maximum effectiveness and minimum side effects. Some examples of therapeutic proteins include: insulin, interferon-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), clotting factors, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Recombinant DNA technology has allowed for the production of large quantities of therapeutic proteins that would not be possible otherwise.