Different areas of a large empire were ruled differently. Farmers, herders, craftspeople, and traders had to pay taxes, and officials were appointed to collect them (who lived in villages and towns in the area). They also retaliated against people who defied the ruler's directives by paying officials. Messengers were sent and received. Spies were also keeping an eye on the officials. With the support of members of the royal family and key ministers, the emperor oversaw them all.