According to Media Update, there are 4 types of online communities that marketers and community managers should consider for business needs:
Social Communities: This refers to "groups of people who have common interests on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram."
Support Communities: These are comprised of "members who share tips about products with other customers, assisting brands to minimise customer support costs."
Advocate Communities: This refers to online communities that "allow brands to exploit their most trusted customers by sharing testimonials or positive views."
Insight Communities: These "consist of a targeted group of customers who maintain a long-term and positive relationship with brands."
There is no such thing as "one-size fits all" when it comes to online communities, even though some communities may have similar characteristics. Brands will need to think carefully when choosing the type of online community they want to be associated with as each bring their own unique traits to a brand.