ISM (International Safety Management) and SMS (Safety Management System) are both critical components of maritime safety, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. The ISM code was developed to ensure the safe management and operation of ships and to prevent pollution. It requires shipping companies to ensure safety at sea, prevent human injury or loss of life, and avoid damage to the marine environment. SMS is a broader concept that encompasses a systematic approach to managing safety, including organizational structures, accountabilities, policies, and procedures.