Neutralizing antibody assays specifically detect and measure antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 virus from entering host cells. Existing methods to detect these antibodies include cell-based assays and ELISA-based surrogate virus neutralization assays. Cell-based assays include plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), microneutralization assay (MNA), and pseudovirus neutralization assay (PVNA).