Isomerases, a distinct class of enzymes, play an important role in the intricate world of biochemistry. These catalysts facilitate the transformation of molecules into their isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. This process, known as isomerization, is crucial for the proper functioning of biological systems.
There are several types of isomerases, each with its unique function. These include Geometric isomerases, Enantiomerases and Epimerases.
Geometric isomerases: Geometric isomerases convert cis-isomers to trans-isomers, altering the spatial orientation of molecules.
Enantiomerases: Enantiomerases modify the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules to produce mirror-image isomers, or enantiomers.
Epimerases: Epimerases change the configuration of a single stereogenic center in molecules.
Each type of isomerase, despite their differences, contributes significantly to the dynamic equilibrium of biochemical reactions within living organisms.