Open-end wrenches are commonly made from durable materials such as chrome vanadium steel, alloy steel, or carbon steel. **Chrome vanadium steel** is strong, corrosion-resistant, and can withstand high torque without bending or breaking. **Alloy steel** is a less expensive option that still provides good strength and durability. **Carbon steel** is the most basic material used, offering lower strength and corrosion resistance but is suitable for occasional use.