When it comes to the thickness of a material that can be cut with a 10-inch saw, there's no one-size-fits-all answer. The type and size of saw you're using, as well as the material being cut, will all play an important role in determining how thick your cuts can be.
One of the most popular types of 10” saws is a table saw. Table Saws are designed for cutting large pieces of stock into smaller pieces accurately and quickly. When it comes to woodworking projects, such as furniture making or cabinetry construction, a standard 10” table saw is capable of cutting through materials up to 3 inches thick depending on blade quality and condition. However if you need to make deeper cuts than this then consider upgrading to a 12 or larger model which will give you more power and greater depth capacity when cutting thicker materials like hardwoods and plywood panels.
Another popular type of 10” saw is the miter saw which is used for making precise angled cuts (e.g., 45°). This type of saw has two blades – one stationary blade mounted on an arm connected to a rotating base that pivots left/right allowing you to adjust angle settings before performing your cut(s). Most miter Saw models are capable of providing clean cuts through materials up 2 - 4 inches thick but again this may depend on blade quality & condition so always check manufacturer specs before purchasing or useing any particular model/brand etc..
Finally we have circular Saws which come in both corded (plugged into wall socket) & cordless (battery powered) versions however they generally don't offer much in terms way depth capacity since their primary function is making straight crosscuts rather than deep plunge cuts like what would be needed for certain applications such as when creating dadoes or grooves within wood paneling etc... Typical circular Saws should provide decent enough performance when needing make shallow 1/2 inch depths at max however going beyond this could potentially lead problems with kickback due lack torque power from motor unit itself so just keep that mind if ever trying push limits here too far!
Overall though no matter what style/type 10 Saw might eventually decide go with its ultimately important remember choose correctly based off needs project at hand order get best possible results both safety wise also accuracy speaking!