Farmers can improve their efficiency by doing the following:Leveling of Fields: Flood irrigation relies on gravity to convey water, and because the water flows downwards, any area of the field that is on a slope, no matter how small, will be missed. Farmers use leveling machinery to scrape a field flat before planting, some of which are guided by a laser beam.Capture and Reuse of Runoff: Because it rushes off the borders and rear of the fields, a considerable amount of flood-irrigation water is wasted. Farmers can collect runoff in ponds and pump water back up to the front of the field for reuse in the following irrigation cycle.