The most common symptoms in brain trauma survivors are cognitive deficits and motor dysfunctions. Right now, there is no effective conventional treatment for these symptoms to promote functional recovery except for routine medical intervention and care. Fortunately, there are many promising drug- or cell-based therapeutic approaches emerging recently, including erythropoietin and its carbamylated form, statins, bone marrow stromal cells, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and so on. These novel treatment methods will reduce brain injury via neuroprotection and promote brain remodeling via angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis with a final goal to improve the functional outcome of TBI patients.