Ans. The G4 countries, comprising Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan, advocate for an expansion of the U.N. Security Council to include themselves as permanent members. They argue that the current composition of the Security Council does not reflect the geopolitical realities of the 21st century and lacks representation from important regions like Africa and Latin America. The G4 countries believe that their inclusion as permanent members will enhance the Council's legitimacy, effectiveness, and representativeness, thereby strengthening the global governance system.