An anesthesiologist is trained in pain medicine and can treat many different types of pain, including: Acute pain from injuries Back pain Chronic pain, which lasts three or more months and can result from injuries, arthritis, back conditions, migraines and more Fibromyalgia Knee pain Labor and childbirth Postoperative pain Anesthesiologists work with your care team to develop the best pain management plan for your condition, whether you are facing a routine procedure or are critically ill. For severe pain, an anesthesiologist can prescribe and manage opioids and other prescription pain medications. Other options include physical therapy, non-prescription pain medications, massage and relaxation techniques.