Coffee roast levels refer to the degree of roasting applied to the coffee beans and are categorized based on the color and characteristics of the roasted beans. Each roast level imparts unique flavors, aromas, and overall characteristics to the coffee. Here are the most common levels of coffee roast:
Light Roast: Light roast coffee is roasted for a shorter duration and at lower temperatures compared to other roast levels. The beans are typically light brown in color and have a dry surface. Light roast preserves the beans' original flavors and acidity, with pronounced floral, fruity, and tea-like characteristics. The caffeine content is slightly higher compared to darker roasts. Examples include Light City, Half City, and Cinnamon roast.
Medium Roast: Medium roast strikes a balance between preserving the bean's inherent flavors and developing roasty notes. The beans have a medium brown color and a non-oily surface. Medium roast exhibits a balance between acidity and body, with flavors that are slightly sweeter and more caramelized compared to light roast. It often offers a well-rounded and versatile cup of coffee. Examples include City, American, and Breakfast roast.
Medium-Dark Roast: Medium-dark roast takes the beans slightly beyond the medium stage. The beans have a rich, dark brown color with some oils visible on the surface. Medium-dark roast presents a more pronounced body, reduced acidity, and bolder flavors. It brings out chocolaty and nutty notes, with hints of caramelization. Examples include Full City, After Dinner, and Vienna roast.
Dark Roast: Dark roast is characterized by a longer roasting duration and higher temperatures, resulting in beans with a shiny, dark brown to almost black color. The beans have an oily surface. Dark roast develops robust flavors with diminished acidity and a bittersweet profile. It showcases deep, smoky, and sometimes charred notes, and the original flavors of the coffee beans are often masked. Examples include French roast, Italian roast, and Spanish roast.
Specialty Roasts: In addition to the common roast levels mentioned above, there are specialty roasts that cater to specific preferences or regional traditions. These can include lighter roasts like Scandinavian roast or lighter espresso roasts, as well as darker roasts like Italian espresso roast or dark French roast, which are tailored for specific brewing methods or cultural preferences.