A3. The human penis may have certain natural developmental abnormalities or those caused by diseases, or injury. Some cases of severe and rare penis anomalies include torsion (twisting), absence, and duplication of the penis. Other cases include an abnormally large penis, which can be a sign of precocious puberty, an overactive pituitary or dwarfism, and a small penis, associated with infantilism or under secretion of the pineal or pituitary gland. Inflammation of the glans penis (Balanitis) and infection of the foreskin (Posthitis) are problems caused by the retention of secretions and the presence of bacteria beneath the foreskin. These issues can be prevented with proper hygiene. Most tumors of the penis are of an epithelial (covering or lining) origin. They usually affect the foreskin (prepuce) or glans.Some males who are circumcised during infancy may also get affected by penile cancer.