(a) Synapsis : The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called as synapsis. This occurs during the second stage of prophase I or zygotene.(b) Bivalent : Bivalent or tetrad is a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes. They are formed during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.(c) Chiasmata : Chiasmata is the site where two non-sister chromatids have crossed over. It represents the site of cross-over. It is formed during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.