It may not be possible to prevent polyps in the colon or rectum from developing, particularly if you have a greater risk due to hereditary factors. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle could help lessen the risk of these polyps. This involves avoiding tobacco use, drinking alcohol in moderation, eating a well-balanced diet, and getting plenty of exercise. Undergoing periodic colonoscopy exams upon turning 45 can also help reduce the chance of polyp development.