Studies suggest that about one-third of ER visits are for non-emergency matters. An old guideline defines an emergency as a medical condition with such severe symptoms that a person with average knowledge of health and medicine could reasonably believe their health would be in danger without immediate medical attention. Limiting ER usage transfers the burden to consumers to self-diagnose. If the coverage is denied, then the patient can appeal. This policy results in claim denials, up to 1,000 ER denials by one carrier.