Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior. The goal of refactoring is to improve the design and maintainability of the software system. This can involve activities such as Simplifying complex code, could also include rewriting legacy code using a more modern programming languageRemoving duplication in code or unused code that builds over years Modularizing components. Modularizing involves splitting code into smaller parts. A modular architecture, also known as microservices, breaks down an extensive, complex program into sub-programs. Each interacts with other components through APIs but can be functionally improved at any time without affecting any other component. Code refactoring is typically done incrementally, and the goal is to make small changes that improve the code quality and rarely introduce new functionality. Re-platforming, on the other hand, involves moving an existing software system to a new platform or technology stack. This can involve completely rewriting the system, or making significant changes to the existing code base. The goal of re-platforming is often to modernize the system and take advantage of new capabilities and features available on the new platform. Re-platforming can also involve migrating data and configurations to the new system, and training users and administrators on the new platform. Both refactoring and re-platforming can be used to improve the quality and maintainability of software systems, but they differ in their approach and goals. Refactoring is typically used to make small improvements to an existing system, while re-platforming involves significant changes to the system architecture and technology stack. The choice between these approaches will depend on factors such as the age and complexity of the existing system, the availability of resources and expertise, and the business needs and goals of the organization.