While Szechuan pepper is not related to black pepper or chili peppers, it shares a similar flavor profile to both.  The unique taste of Szechuan pepper comes from its high content of hydroxy-alpha sanshool, which gives it a sharp, citrusy flavor with hints of floral and anise notes.  Szechuan Pepper is similar to sanshō - Japanese pepper, Grains of paradise, Sichuan peppercorn salt, and oil.