The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, enacted in November 2021, included $550 billion for new initiatives upgrading and repairing U.S. infrastructure including roads, bridges, railroads, public transit, ports, and airports. The 2021 Build Back Better Act aimed to upgrade the U.S. social safety net with childcare, housing, nutrition, and health care measures costing a projected $1.75 trillion over 10 years and increasing the deficit by $158 billion over the same span after offsets. The Build Back Better Act never came up for a vote in the Senate, where it lacked majority support. In its place, the Senate approved the more narrowly focused Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 in August.