There is nothing inherently different between a solar and a regular battery. Solar systems often use batteries designed for boats or golf carts, as the usage case is much the same.
Solar systems require deep-cycle batteries instead of the standard lead-acid batteries used in cars. Deep cycle batteries provide steady streams of power over long durations. In addition, solar batteries discharge to lower energy levels more often than standard batteries.
Regular car batteries provide big bursts of energy to start the car but rarely discharge more than 20%.