Adjusting margins for specific content types such as tables or images involves using layout options tailored to each content type. For tables, you can modify cell padding by right-clicking on the table, selecting "Table Properties", and then navigating to the "Cell" tab. For images, use the "Wrap Text" feature to control how text wraps around the image, which indirectly affects the image's margin. These adjustments allow for finer control over how specific content types interact with the overall document layout.