Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler were two of the most important astronomers of the early modern era. Galileo was an Italian physicist and astronomer who made groundbreaking observations of the planets and stars with his telescope. Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer who developed the laws of planetary motion. While both Galileo and Kepler made essential contributions to astronomy, they had different approaches to their work. Galileo was more interested in making empirical observations, while Kepler was more interested in developing theoretical models. Galileo is best known for his observations of the planets and stars. In contrast, Kepler is best known for his laws of planetary motion.