After an accident, a TBI may not be immediately apparent. The victim and their family members should stay vigilant and look out for signs and symptoms that a brain injury has occurred, such as: Physical difficulties including a coma, headaches, nausea and vomiting, loss of coordination or fine motor control, light sensitivity, seizures, dizziness, infections, and damaged blood vessels. A TBI at the base of the skull can cause facial paralysis or numbness, swallowing problems, and loss of vision, hearing, taste or smell. Strokes, paralysis, and problems with bladder and bowel control are possible. Cognitive disabilities including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Cognitive difficulties can vary by victim, and may be temporary or permanent. Emotional and behavioral changes including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse, and depression. In some cases, a brain injury may permanently alter a victim’s personality.