There is a diverse array of U.S. and international career opportunities for graduates from the Museum Ph.D. Program in Comparative Biology, from conventional academic careers to employment by government agencies and the private sector. The array of potential career options includes postdoctoral research, high school or college faculty appointments, and museum curation. Increasingly, governments and non-governmental agencies, particularly in the developing world, require in-country expertise to conduct biotic surveys and biogeographic studies necessary for biodiversity conservation and environmental planning. Private sector opportunities include the fields of biotechnology, food industry, and health. There are career paths for industry-related positions, such as pharmaceutical research and development, environmental consulting, and bio-defense. Graduates may also find openings in public advocacy and research policy organizations, think tanks, and charitable organizations.