Disorders arising from mitochondrial dysfunction or defects can result in a wide range of diseases. These conditions may be caused by genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) or genes involved in mitochondrial function and regulation. The symptoms of mitochondrial diseases can vary greatly, as mitochondria are present in nearly all cells throughout the body. Therefore, the effects of these diseases can affect various systems, including the nervous system, muscles, heart, liver, and kidneys. Common symptoms associated with mitochondrial diseases include: Severe fatigue muscle weakness Coordination problems epileptic seizures Impaired vision hearing loss Heart and liver complications delayed growth and development in children   Diagnosing mitochondrial diseases is a complex process due to the diverse array of symptoms and the involvement of multiple organs. Confirming the diagnosis often entails identifying specific mutations in mt-DNA or other relevant genes.