Nanoparticles: These can range from 1 to 1000 nanometers (nm) in size. Nanoparticles can come from sources such as industrial waste, environmental pollution, or even natural processes. They are the smallest particles in drinking water that pose a challenge for filtration.  Microplastics: Microplastics, ranging from 1 micron (1,000 nm) to 5 millimeters, are increasingly found in drinking water. Some advanced filtration systems, including nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, can capture and remove them.  Dissolved Ions and Molecules: These include minerals, salts, and chemicals dissolved in water, such as PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and other contaminants, which are typically smaller than 1 nanometer (nm). These are not particulate matter but dissolved substances that advanced filtration methods can remove. We can filter down to the smallest plastic molecule and are expanding our solution to filter PFAS.