Fungi are a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Many fungi are decomposers that break down dead plant and animal matter. Some fungi are parasites of plants or animals, causing disease. Fungi also have beneficial roles in agriculture and medicine.
Three fungi that cause problems for farmers are:
1. Verticillium wilt - This fungus affects more than 200 plant species, including many crops such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, and strawberries. The fungus enters the plant through the roots and grows up into the stem, blocking the flow of water and nutrients. This can lead to wilting leaves and eventually death of the plant.
2. Powdery mildew - This fungus affects a wide range of plants, including grains, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. It appears as a white or gray powder on the leaves and stems of infected plants. The fungus reduces photosynthesis by blocking light from reaching the leaf surface. This leads to yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and reduced yields.
3.] Root rot - There are many different fungi that can cause root rot in plants (including Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani). These fungi invade plant roots and release toxins that kill tissue . This results in yellowing leaves , stunted growth ,and eventually death .