In contemporary boxing, the four fundamental punches are the jab, cross, hook, and uppercut. The jab is a small punching motion made with the hand, usually without touching the face of the opponent. The hand is raised slightly above shoulder height with the elbow bent. The forearm makes an approximately semi-circular movement while being guided by the head. This movement covers about half of the circle from side to side. At the end of this movement the hand is positioned near the chin or slightly above it. The cross is the most powerful single punch in boxing because it comes from any position. It can be done with either hand and it can be used for counterpunches. To execute the cross you raise your arm until it is perpendicular to the floor and then swing it forward and down toward the opposite side of the body. Be careful not to hit yourself in the face with the back of your hand! The hook is a strong straight punch that comes from a slightly angled position. It's used to attack the body and lead with it. To throw a hook, bring your hand up quickly and sharply with your palm facing inward so that your thumb points upward. Then push your wrist downward as you extend your arm fully. This will cause the hook to curl around toward your chest.