Vicarious trauma is an occupational hazard for those who work or volunteer in victim support, enforcement agencies, emergency responders, and fire departments, as well as other associated professions, due to their constant exposure to trauma and violence victims. This occupational trauma exposure can happen as a result of having to listen to individual clients recount their victimization; viewing videos of abused children; evaluating case files; having to hear about or responding to the aftereffects of violence and other traumatic events on a daily basis, and responding to widespread violence incidents resulting in numerous deaths or injuries. McCann and Pearlman coined the term "vicarious trauma" to identify the impact of working with traumatized patients on trauma therapists. The concept behind vicarious trauma is that compassionate bonding with a client who has suffered trauma indefinitely changes the therapist's perspective. This shift can affect a therapist's spiritual values, worldview, and sense of identity.