If the legal act in question is performed based on a gratuitous title e.g. a gift, the knowledge of debtor alone is sufficient to annul the legal act. For example, if the debtor gifted his assets to a friend to put them out of reach of his creditors, it is not necessary that the friend was aware that this act would prejudice the creditors of the debtor. However, the annulment of a gratuitous legal act will only affect the rights of the beneficiary if and to the extent that he knew or ought to have known that the rights of creditors would be adversely affected, provided that the beneficiary proves that he was not benefiting from the legal act at the time that the claim for annulment was made.