White gold rings are made by alloying pure gold with white metals such as palladium or silver, and often with a small percentage of copper for strength. The exact recipe varies, aiming for durability and color. The alloy is then formed into the shape of the ring through a combination of casting, soldering, and hand-shaping. Finally, white gold rings are typically plated with a thin layer of rhodium, a platinum group metal, to enhance their white luster and provide a protective coating. Over time, the rhodium plating may wear off, requiring re-plating to restore the ring's white finish.