Yes. Machine learning involves the crafting of algorithms that allow computers to take in certain kinds of data and thereby gradually improve their ability to perform certain specified tasks. Fuzzy matching algorithms typically rely on machine learning in at least some form or fashion whenever they are applied to English words or sentences, or to other non-random strings which have specific meanings and interpretations.
A fuzzy matching algorithm can successfully match any two strings together without any help from machine learning whenever the only thing that matters is the two strings’ Levenshtein distance from one another. In actual practice, however, this is rarely the only thing that matters.
In spell check software, for example, a good program must make use of statistical data about how often various words are used in English in order to make the most accurate suggestions possible whenever a user misspells are word. This statistical data is fed into and assimilated by the spell-checker through a machine learning algorithm.