When you file a medical malpractice claim, generally, you will file it against the provider that committed the act of malpractice against you. In some cases, that may mean a medical facility, including a medical facility that employs its doctors directly or a nurse employed by a hospital that commits medical malpractice. Many major medical malpractice events involve the specific physician whose negligence led to your injuries. To claim compensation for medical malpractice from that provider, you may need to show that you had a doctor/patient relationship with that provider. You would not, for example, have the right to file a claim against every provider in a practice after one provider commits an act of medical malpractice, or against a doctor who happened to enter the room while you received treatment, but who did not contribute directly to your care or have a doctor/patient relationship with you.