Jaundice is a common condition that arises when there is an excess of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, is responsible for this discoloration. When the liver fails to effectively process bilirubin, it builds up in the body, resulting in the distinct yellowing of the skin and eyes associated with jaundice. This liver dysfunction can be attributed to a range of factors, including liver disease, obstruction of the bile ducts, or specific infections.