At minimum, a noise barrier (wall or earthen berm) must be considered for noise abatement. The noise barrier tends to be the most practical and cost effective.
Other acceptable noise abatement measures listed under 23 CFR 772.15(c) are:
Traffic control devices and signing for prohibition of certain vehicles.
Time use restrictions for certain types of vehicles.
Modified speed limits.
Exclusive lane designations.
Alteration of horizontal and vertical alignments.
Acquisition of property (predominantly unimproved property) to serve as a buffer zone to preempt noise sensitive development.
Noise insulation of Activity Category D land use facilities listed in the NAC. Post installation maintenance and operational costs for noise insulation are not eligible for federal-aid funding.