Gift cards are exempt from VAT due to the Voucher Directive. As per this directive, vouchers used to purchase goods or services are not subject to VAT until redeemed. This means that the sale of a gift card is not considered as taxable event. Crypto payments are not taxable in VAT due to the ECJ case C-265/14. This case established that the exchange of traditional currency for virtual currency (such as Bitcoin) and vice versa is a transaction that is exempt from VAT under the EU VAT Directive.