Liquid Chromatography (LC) is an analytical technique that separates and quantifies components in a liquid sample. It involves a liquid mobile phase, typically a solvent, and a stationary phase. The sample is injected into the system, and interactions between the sample components and the stationary phase cause separation. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a subcategory of LC that utilizes high-pressure pumps to enhance separation efficiency. LC is widely applied in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and biochemistry, offering precise and rapid separation capabilities for a diverse range of compounds based on their chemical properties and interactions with the stationary phase.