If your home’s gutters capture falling debris from nearby trees, including decomposing leaves and twigs that clog the gutters and force water to flow over the side of the gutter, then yes. If your gutters are virtually clean other than minimal asphalt shingle granule loss, then no.
Depending on the type of gutter guard selected, you can block even the smallest bits of debris, such as blowing sand, while still allowing rain to flow through. Even with a screen grid, you can keep leaves from entering the gutter trough.