A subject is a crucial aspect of a sentence since it specifies an action and who is conducting it. The usage of a topic provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of what the fictional work is about or about whom the author is writing. There are three types of topics: descriptive, functional, and formal. A descriptive topic tells us something about the character or story being told. For example, "The book was inspirational" is a descriptive topic because it tells us something about the character or story being told. This type of topic can only be used in essays and stories. In speeches and lectures, we use more specific topics to highlight certain aspects of our arguments or points to be made. A functional topic helps us understand how or why something happens in the story or poem. For example, "For reasons unknown to me" is a functional topic because it helps us understand why something happens in the story. This type of topic can be used in any type of essay or piece of literature. At the beginning of a poem, we often find a formal topic used to acknowledge important events in the story. This topic gives us information about where the poem is coming from and what its purpose is.