Risk factors for sleep apnea include: Obesity increases the likelihood of airway obstruction. A narrow airway or enlarged tonsils. Being male, men are more prone to the condition than women. Older age. Family history of sleep apnea. Use of alcohol or sedatives, which can relax the throat muscles. Smoking can increase inflammation and fluid retention in the airway. Certain medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, or hormonal disorders. Nasal congestion and the anatomy of the head and neck also increase the risk.