Geriatric diseases are various illnesses and conditions that either commonly occur with aging or occur as a result of aging. In general, the causes of geriatric diseases involve cognitive decline, falls, fatigue, frailty, and muscle weakness. With that in mind, some common geriatric diseases, also known as geriatric syndromes, include the following: • Back and neck pain • Cataracts and refractive errors • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • Delirium, or sudden confusion • Dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease • Depression • Hearing loss • Insomnia and other sleep problems • Osteoporosis • Pressure ulcers • Sarcopenia, or natural decrease in muscle mass • Urinary incontinence • Vertigo • Weight loss