WinNAT drops ICMP/UDP messages with packets greater than MTU when using Default Switch or Docker NAT network. Support for this solution has been added in KB4571744. To fix the issue, install the update and enable the fix by following these steps:
Ensure that the FragmentAware DWORD is set to 1 in this registry setting: \\Registry\\Machine\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Winnat.
Reboot the device.