There is a bit of a gray area here. Generally speaking, a vacuum with a HEPA filter is exactly what it sounds like: a vacuum cleaner which has a HEPA filter incorporated into its design. This could be an upright, cordless, robot or any other kind of vacuum cleaner.   The term HEPA vacuum could be one of two things. First, it could be exactly what we have already described: a vacuum that incorporates a HEPA filter. Second, it is also used to describe a specialized vacuum used in remediation and restoration type work.