Argumentative essays are the most common type of essays at the college and university level. Most essay assignments will require you to conduct research on a particular topic and present analysis and evidence to support your argument.
There are many ways you can construct an argument. For example:
In a science essay, you could present an argument for the validity of a particular scientific theory.
A history essay will require you to present your argument to emphasize the significance of a particular event from the past.
In a literary analysis essay, you might make an argument for a specific interpretation of a text.