Although I would double check this with a a lawyer in your area, it is my understanding that in Texas, you can establish a sole proprietorship without filing any legal documents with the Texas state government.  You should always make sure that your business name is available for use (check with the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts).  What you need to make sure is that you have the proper license or permit for your business and depending on where you are operating and what the business is, that you are properly zoned.   You can collect your earning under your social security number or obtain an EIN (Employer Identification Number). Do all the other things you need for a business: get insurance, open bank accounts, etc. Check local laws as well as state. Good luck.