Preventive medical examinations in kindergartens and schools are aimed at detecting only gross, pronounced pathology, far advanced disease. That is why the initial stages of such serious conditions as amblyopia, strabismus, astigmatism, retinoblastoma, etc. cannot be discovered during preventive examinations. On the basis of today’s world experience we recommend an annual check-up of the child’s visual system for early detection and timely treatment of all eye diseases.