Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing a TMD, including:
Jaw injuries: Trauma to the jaw, from a car accident or sports injury, can increase the risk of developing TMD.
Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism): Habitual teeth grinding or clenching, often caused by stress or anxiety, can put excessive pressure on the jaw joint and surrounding muscles.
Arthritis or other joint diseases: Conditions that cause inflammation or damage to the joints, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of TMD.
Dislocation or displacement of the jaw joint disc: The jaw joint has a disc that helps cushion and stabilize it. If this disc becomes displaced or dislocated, it can cause TMJ symptoms.
Genetics: Some people may be more genetically predisposed to developing TMD.
Poor posture: Poor posture, particularly in the neck and shoulders, can contribute to muscle tension and pain in the jaw and surrounding areas.
Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop TMJ disorders.
Age: TMD is more common in people between the ages of 20 and 40, but it can occur at any age.