Stinging insects are alerted when their nest is under attack. Any wasp is within 1000 feet of its nest at all times. So they return to a treated nest quickly. Bees and hornets travel further and might not make it back by the time you remove the nest.
Let's say we treated a nest and removed it. There would likely be some stinging insects buzzing around after the nest removal. In most cases, the Queen has been removed with the nest. Once this happens, the leftover workers have no purpose and will dissipate. It is still wise to treat the surface that the nest was built on with a residual insecticide. This will prevent them from rebuilding it. Make sure you do this for paper wasps. Their nests are not enclosed, so the queen can fly away before the nest is treated. Oftentimes, there is more than one queen per nest. So there is a greater probability that they will rebuild their wasp nests.
In conclusion, stinging insects return to treated nests. Expect to see them come back to protect their nest. Activity should stop by the following day. Make sure you treat the area where the nest was with a residual insecticide.