Yes, if you are awarded SSDI benefits, your payments can be garnished to pay back taxes, child support and alimony as well as student loans. Additionally, SSDI payments can be garnished to pay court-ordered restitution to a crime victim and non-tax debt owed to a federal agency, such as some federally funded home loans.
SSI cannot be garnished for federal loans, alimony or child support, back taxes or for any other private, public or federal loan.