Page numbers are included in APA in-text citations when directly quoting a source or paraphrasing a specific passage from a source. This allows readers to locate the text referenced in a larger work. When citing a direct quotation, the page number is placed after the author's last name and publication year, separated by a comma (e.g., Smith, 2020, p. 45). If you're paraphrasing, the page number is not required, but it can still be included if it would help readers locate the information.
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