Horse breeding has a long history, dating back to the 11th century. Some breeding is meant to create a horse with calm temperament, and some is designed to create a more powerful or more agile horse. Below are listed 3 most popular horse breeds today: Arabian. This breed of horse originates from the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian Horse Society estimates that there are more than 300,000 Arabian horses in the United States. Their history dates back more than 1,500 years, with Arabians considered one of the oldest breeds of horse. They are generally known for their smooth, round and flowing bodies. The Arabian horse can be found in many different colors and sizes. Quarter Horse. This breed is the most popular in US. Quarter horses have a very strong constitution and can work for hours with little or no rest. Their strength comes from their large, deep chest and short back. They are known as "The working horse of the plains".   Thoroughbred. This breed of horse originates from the region of Kazakhstan and is known for its speed, stamina and endurance.