The upper airway is an extremely complex structure with a variety of soft tissue and bony structures contributing to the overall airway morphology. The upper airway not only facilitates exchange of gas between the lungs and atmosphere, but is also crucial in the functions of speech and deglutition. Alterations in airway structure, by nature of surgery and its associated inflammation and scarring, can alter the ability of the airway structures to maintain these vital functions. Selecting the appropriate sleep apnea patient and suitable surgical approach are critical.