There are really only two types of weightlifting belts around. The two types are powerlifting belts and bodybuilding belts. Weightlifting belts are either made in leather or a plastic material.  The leather weightlifting belts are thicker which provide more support for the spine when performing weightlifting exercises.
A powerlifting belt is the same width all the way around. The design is made for preventing back hyperextension and twisting. A traditional bodybuilding  belt is designed with a wider part of the belt in the back for spinal support.