A load bank is a specialized piece of equipment that simulates the effects of an electrical load on a generator or, sometimes, another piece of equipment. By simulating the load, we can look at the generator performance without actually risking damage to the equipment that relies on them, or without actually switching over the power of a facility to a backup generator. That's because the load is not actually real, although it makes the generator respond as if it is real.
The advantage of load bank testing is that repairs, maintenance, and other issues can be addressed without worrying that a potentially underperforming generator may impact your facility or your operation when the need arises. Load bank tests are also useful for manufacturers and companies that rent out generators to help ensure their product is performing properly for your use.
A load bank test requires running the generator to be tested with the load bank at the maximum capacity of the generator for a specific period of time. As the test goes on, professionals will assess the performance of the generator. It should be able to work at progressively higher kW loads, should achieve its maximum load, and should be able to operate at this level for a certain period of time. Load banks are sometimes outfitted with accessories to give read-outs on different aspects of the generator's performance.