No, casting a spell during a Short Rest interrupts the rest, requiring the creature to start the rest again to receive its benefits. According to the rules for Short Rests, creatures are limited to activities such as eating, drinking, reading, or tending to wounds. Casting a spell is considered more exerting than these activities. While casting a spell during a Short Rest is possible, doing so would call an end to the conditions needed to benefit from the rest, and another hour would be required to complete it.