There are several different injuries or conditions that can lead to pain in the epidural space, including: - A herniated disc - Degenerative disc disease - Sciatica - Lumbar spinal stenosis - Lumbar or cervical radiculopathy - Facet/synovial cysts - Thoracic post-surgical spine syndrome - Injuries leading to irritation of the nerves in the spine Pain in the epidural space can be caused by a number of factors but can be tricky to relieve. The pain can be experienced throughout the upper and mid back, and extend down into the legs, causing pain and discomfort in a number of areas due to the location of the affected nerves. The thoracic transforaminal epidural steroid injection is often used as a pain relief option if physical therapy or other less invasive pain medications have proven insufficient, but is often the step before a surgical procedure.