Altolamprologus calvus measures around 8 cm. However, dominant males can reach up to a dozen centimeters.
The species Altolamprologus calvus and A. compressiceps are often confused. However, several characteristics allow for easy identification. A. calvus has a more pointed and slender head, while A. compressiceps has a broader head. A. calvus has a more elongated and streamlined body, while A. compressiceps has a stockier and laterally compressed body.