A strong chest ache when inhaling deeply is the most prevalent sign of pleurisy. The discomfort might also be felt in the shoulder at times. The discomfort may be exacerbated by coughing, sneezing, or moving about, and it may be reduced by taking short breaths. Shortness of breath and a dry cough are other possible symptoms. People with pleurisy may experience pain in their ribs after heavy physical activity or when lying down. This is because the lungs require more space when inflated than when deflated, so the diaphragm has to work harder to move air in and out of the lungs. The diagnosis of pleurisy is usually based on the appearance of the chest cavity under direct vision during a medical exam or through imaging tests. Other differentials that the doctor will consider include lung cancer, mesothelioma, heart disease, and tuberculosis. A sample blood test may be done to look for markers of inflammation, but this is not typically done as a routine screening procedure. People with pleurisy may be given medications to reduce their pain and swelling of the lungs, prevent infections, and ease breathing out. Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is an infection present. Rest is important too; therefore, people with pleurisy are often told to stay in bed and avoid heavy exercise. Physical therapy may be recommended to strengthen muscles around the rib cage and lungs. Overall, pleurisy is one of the most common types of pneumonia.