The process begins with prophase, where the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down. Following this, prometaphase occurs, characterized by the disintegration of the nuclear envelope, allowing spindle fibers to attach to the kinetochores at the centromeres of the chromosomes. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, known as the metaphase plate, with each sister chromatid connected to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Next is anaphase, where the cohesin proteins holding the sister chromatids together are cleaved, allowing them to be pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell. This is followed by telophase, during which the separated chromosomes reach the poles, begin to decondense, and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear envelope. Finally, cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm and organelles, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells. This orderly sequence of events is crucial for maintaining genetic stability and proper cellular function.