We further know that larger numbers of mesenchymal stem cells do not translate into greater success. In 2012, a biologics company called Osiris presented evidence at the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery that when 50 million cultured stem cells were injected into patients 20% of the patients reported less pain while when 100 million were injected 0% of the patients had less pain. A 2016 study showed that patients injected with 25 million had a positive outcome, while those injected with 50,75 or 150 million cells showed little response.