Perseverance is built from the same basic design as Curiosity, which landed on Mars about a decade before Perseverance. However, because Perseverance has a different objective, it is fitted out with different science instruments and capabilities.
For example, Perseverance is designed to seek possible evidence of ancient martian life, so includes instruments that can make microscopic-scale maps of elements and organic molecules in rocks which could provide such evidence. Perseverance is also the first step in a series of missions that could bring samples back to Earth for deeper study and specifically is tasked with collection of the samples. For that reason Perseverance carries a coring drill which acquires rock cores directly into individual sample tubes, and a sophisticated robotic system that then seals them tightly for their return journey.