Yes, you can usually install a backsplash in one day if you're organized and have all of the right materials on hand. Measure twice, so your cuts are precise, use mastic to adhere tiles instead of mortar (which takes longer to dry), and use a cordless drill to attach the base trim for an easy install.  While backsplashes aren't typically the most complicated projects, it's still important to take your time and get them installed right.