There are a few alternatives to de-icing salts that you can use if you wish to melt ice and snow.
Calcium Chloride Salts
Most de-icing salts are made of ammonium nitrates or sulfates, which cause concrete damage. There are, however, some de-icing salts made of calcium chloride, a much safer alternative.
Compared to typical salts, calcium chloride has a much lower freezing temperature. This consequently prevents freeze-thaw cycles from recurring because the calcium chloride is less likely to refreeze once it has been absorbed in your concrete. This can prevent concrete pores from being enlarged and concrete form being shifted, ultimately thwarting concrete pitting and flaking.
Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sand
Much like calcium chloride, magnesium and potassium chloride can be used as a safe de-icing alternative. Calcium chloride salts, however, have the lowest freezing point (-25 degrees Fahrenheit), which is why it is most recommended, especially if you want to avoid any chances of refreezing in your concrete. Sand can also be used, but it only serves to provide traction and does not melt ice.
However, keep in mind that these are not preventative measures against concrete pitting and flaking. If you wish to avoid the possibility of concrete pitting or flaking from any form of de-icing salts, you should consider Ohio Basement Systems’ PolyRenewal Foam for outdoor use. Even if you were to use traditional de-icing salts, the PolyRenewal Foam is able to withstand absorption of excess water and salts, so you do not have to worry about your concrete forming pits or flaking off. If you have ice problems in your basement (which can happen in the winter), Ohio Basement Systems also offers waterproof walls and floors that inhibit water absorption and can also come with insulation that prevents future freezing.