For life insurance policies you can only file one claim per incident. For example, if your life insurance policy covers total and permanent disability you can file a claim for it only once. Even though your life cover will continue after this, the insurer will not entertain another disability claim on the same policy.
With general insurance policies, however, you can continue to file claims until your sum insured is completely exhausted. For example, family health insurance of Rs 5 lakhs will entertain hospital bills for any covered family member until the reimbursements reach the limit of 5 lakh.