Anesthesia uses drugs to induce unconsciousness, block pain signals, and relax muscles during surgery. General anesthesia is utilized for all surgeries, where drugs are administered intravenously and inhaled to render the patient unconscious and unresponsive to pain. Local anesthesia, such as an Exparel shot, involves directly applying or injecting anesthetics to numb a smaller, localized area. These drugs affect the central nervous system, disrupting nerve signals and altering neurotransmitter activity. Anesthesia ensures patient comfort and safety during surgical procedures.