Spermatoceles (Epididymal Cyst) Spermatoceles and Epididymal cysts are typically painless and completely benign (not cancerous) cysts that form along the epididymis which sits in back of each testicle. They are filled with sperm and usually sit along the top of the testicle and are distinct from the testicle and epididymis. The exact cause of spermatoceles are not known however they are thought to be due to a blockage of a duct along the transportation of sperm causing back pressure and the formation of a cyst. They are commonly seen in men who have had a vasectomy and have been estimated to occur in 25-30% of all men. They can remain stable in size or they can grown. Reasons for getting them removed generally revolve around discomfort associated with their size as they grow. Surgery involves a general or spinal anesthetic and a small scrotal incision to access the testicle and spermatocele. The procedure usually takes 30-60 minutes and is performed on an outpatient basis. Risks involve recurrence of the Spermatocele which is rare, infection, bleeding and hematoma formation, as well as potential injury to the testicle. What to expect afterwards: After surgery it is important to wear a scrotal support and ice to minimize scrotal and testicular swelling. Bacitracin or Neosporin antibiotic ointment should be applied to the incision twice a day for the first few weeks. It is also important to avoid vigorous exercise or heavy lifting for the first one to two weeks after surgery to minimize swelling.