Fix #1: Hold the record button before selecting effect/filter
While this fix can sound peculiar, users facing the above issue were able to solve it with a hack. Normally, you can see the selected filter applied to your camera feed, even when you are not recording. So, you can point the camera anywhere and understand how the filter makes the view look. But if you are getting "this effect does not work with this device", you can instead try to hold the record button so it starts shooting. Then you find the filter working.
It is possible that this peculiar behavior was due to a bug in Tiktok codebase. So, we expect that this scenario will not be a common one for the newer versions of Tiktok apps for iOS and Android.