A cavity is a gap or hole in your tooth that develops over time. They are caused by several factors, including bacteria in the mouth, frequent snacking, drinking sugary beverages, and not brushing your teeth thoroughly. Cavities begin small and grow larger over time if they are not treated. Because many cavities do not cause pain at first, it can be difficult to notice a problem. It may come as a shock to learn that you have a cavity. Even if your dentist tells you that you have a cavity, there are ways to treat it and prevent new ones from forming. This is particularly true if you believe you practice good oral hygiene. Treatment The extent of tooth decay determines treatment. Treatments for cavities include: Fluoride: If tooth decay is detected early enough, fluoride treatments can help to restore tooth enamel. This is referred to as remineralization. Prescription toothpaste and mouthwash, as well as fluoride treatments at the dentist's office, may be required. Fillings: When a hole forms in a tooth, the decayed material is drilled out, filling the gap. Silver amalgam, composite resin, and gold are used in dental fillings. Root canal: This is a dental procedure that relieves pain caused by root decay. The dentist removes the pulp, which contains nerve endings that cause pain during a root canal. Tooth extraction: If a root canal isn't possible, your healthcare provider may have to extract (pull) the tooth. A dental implant may be required to replace a missing permanent tooth. Implants prevent teeth from shifting and changing your bite and appearance.