The different types of penetration testing serve distinct purposes:
Black Box Penetration Testing: This approach involves testing with zero prior knowledge of the network. Testers rely on tools and publicly available information to simulate an external attacker. It’s useful for assessing external threats and vulnerabilities.
White Box Penetration Testing: Testers have complete knowledge of the target network, including network diagrams, IPs, and security defenses. This method is ideal for thorough assessments of internal systems and applications.
Gray Box Penetration Testing: Testers simulate internal threats by having some insider knowledge. They have limited access and privileges, resembling a compromised employee. This approach helps assess internal security risks.
The choice between these types depends on an organization’s specific security goals and the scope of the assessment.