China and India have by far the largest populations in the world, as of 2021, according to the World Bank. Here are the top 10 nations and their estimated populations: China, 1.41 billion India, 1.39 billion United States, 331.89 million Indonesia, 276.36 million Pakistan, 225.20 million Brazil, 213.99 million Nigeria, 211.40 million Bangladesh, 166.30 million Russia, 143.45 million Mexico, 130.26 million