You do, but only for that specific playthrough.
You will be able to speak to a prominent NPC at the end of the game to find out how many Echoes you are missing, and where to find those Echoes. If you want to know where he is, then (with caution) click on our guide which covers the final area in Echoes of Wisdom. Very helpful if you still need to find some to 100% the game.
Otherwise, that's it. You can replay the game in Hero Mode if you want, but there's no New Game Plus or secret bosses to find. And you don't unlock playable Link, either.