In independent 3rd party testing conducted at Ohio State University, Sapphire Defense dramatically outperformed other hybrid and film screen protectors in terms of the impact force required to break a smartphone screen as measured by the Gardner Impact Test, the ASTM standard for measuring impact forces. A bare smartphone screen required only 6.8 inch-pounds of force before breaking. With Sapphire Defense, the same smartphone screen withstood 57.4 inch-pounds of force before breaking.