Resistance training can positively affect cholesterol levels by increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as the "good" cholesterol, and potentially lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. This shift in lipid profile helps reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Consistency and combining resistance training with aerobic exercise are key for achieving the best results in lipid profile improvement.