The word Vata means “that which moves” so it is the principle of kinetic energy in the body. Vata is the initiator of all forms of activity. It is important in the communication network of the body – from sense organ to brain and consciousness, from tissue to tissue and cell to cell. It is responsible for perception (including pain), assimilation and reaction. It brings a thought from memory to consciousness and transfers current experience into memories. It inspires speech and is the base of laughter and exaltation. At the level of the physical body it is responsible for all micro and macro movement.
There are five sub-types of Vata:
Prana Vata - Governs inhalation, perception through the senses and governs the mind.
Udana Vata - Governs speech, self expression, effort, enthusiasm, strength and vitality.
Samana Vata - Governs peristaltic movement of the digestive system.
Vyana Vata - Governs circulation, heart rhythm, locomotion.
Apana Vata - Governs all downward impulses (urination, elimination, menstruation, etc.)