In theory, yes, because the passport is your official proof of identity, which shows your age and photo. However, depending on the state and the particular store, you may be asked for a driver's license rather than a passport. The fact is that many more adult citizens possess a license than an international travel document. They are more often shown as a primary ID, making it easier for the salesman to distinguish a fake document. In fact, it is scarce for a customer to be denied the purchase of alcohol if they show a passport and not a license. So you can safely use whichever document is more convenient for you. In other countries, the U.S. passport is your main ID card and is suitable for buying alcohol in bars and stores.