Major cities of ancient Mesopotamia; 1- Babylon; 2- Ur; 3- Uruk; 4- Eridu; 5- Lagash; 6- Nippur; 7- Akshak; References; Some of the most important cities in Mesopotamia, an ancient region of the eastern Mediterranean, were Babylon, Ur, Uruk or Eridu. The ancient region of the eastern Mediterranean is called Mesopotamia, limited to the northeast ...