There are three main types of Jewish ancestry: Ashkenazi, Sephardic, and Mizrahi. Defining them can be a little tricky, but a genetic analysis can show which Jewish subgroup you belong to. Generally speaking:
Ashkenazi — Jews from Eastern Europe (Germany, Poland, Ukraine, etc.)
Sephardic — Jews from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, North Africa, etc.)
Mizhari — Jews from eastern Europe (Middle East, Turkey, Iran, etc.)