Underwater welding itself is not considered carcinogenic. However, studies have provided evidence that the materials and coatings used in the process can release fumes or particles that may have carcinogenic properties. They may contribute to the occurrence of lung cancer and heighten the susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).  Additionally, studies have shown that underwater welders have a higher risk of developing skin cancer compared to individuals working in non-submerged environments. However, adhering to safety protocols, using proper protective equipment, and minimizing exposure are important to mitigate such potential health risks.