200.000ha under vine / 30% over 40 years old. Soils are mostly alluvial as deposited by the rivers from the Andes: Higher up: alluvial with larger stones and calcareous deposits, these poor soils are optimal for low yielding vines and high quality viticulture middle areas: gravel sands and silts Low: loamy-clay soils, richer in nutriens. Calcareous soils in: Gualtallary and Paraje Altamira in Uco Valley. In Pedernal Valley in San Juan.