In severe cases of canine arthritis where conservative management is insufficient, surgical options may be considered. These include joint replacement surgeries, such as total hip or elbow replacement, which can significantly improve mobility and reduce pain. Another surgical option is arthrodesis, which involves fusing the bones in a joint to stabilize and alleviate pain. The choice of surgery depends on the specific joints affected and the overall health of the dog. Veterinary surgeons evaluate each case individually to recommend the most appropriate surgical treatment.