In its early stages, gingivitis is treatable. The sooner your dentist detects gingivitis, the less likely periodontal disease or tooth loss will develop. Gingivitis is the first stage of periodontal disease (PD), a severe gum disease caused by untreated gingivitis and long-term plaque buildup. It only affects the gum’s surface layers, particularly where the gum touches the tooth. There is no damage to the deeper layers of the gums, teeth, or bone at this point. Periodontitis is a severe form of gum disease that can develop if gingivitis is not addressed. Periodontitis affects the covering of the tooth root (cementum), the bone, and the fibres that attach the tooth root to the bone (periodontal ligament). As a result of gum disease, the gums can become irritated, causing spaces between the tooth root and the gums. These spaces are known as ‘periodontal pockets.’ Bacteria become trapped in these pockets, causing more harm to the periodontium. Bone loss may occur over time, and wider gaps may grow between the teeth and the gums. Periodontitis can cause permanent damage. It is only treatable and cannot be cured. Gingivitis, on the other hand, can be prevented by practising good dental hygiene and seeing the dentist for regular cleanings and checkups.