The process differs for the children of different age groups like infants, toddlers, teenagers, etc. Here are some general questions that most pediatricians ask during every visit:
Measure height, weight, body mass index, etc.
Ask for behavioral changes in the child.
Their reaction with strangers or peers in a group.
Ask about their growth rate, like motor skills, dependence on others for routine work, etc.
Check their physical and mental status, etc.