Learning hypothesis testing is important because it's what allows you to decide if something is true based on real data. If you're in marketing, for example, you can use hypothesis testing in consumer research to see how well your product is accepted by customers. If you're in the medical field, you can use it to see if a treatment has positive effects. An educational institution may be interested in determining if getting eight hours of sleep correlates with higher grades for its students. Hypothesis testing helps remove the likelihood of chance affecting a conclusion and instead backs it up with statistically significant data.