Ans. Programming languages are classified into four types based on their programming philosophy and paradigms. These four types are procedural, functional, object-oriented and logic programming.Procedural programming language relies heavily on a sequence of executable steps. A procedure is a unit of functionality that usually accomplishes one or more specific tasks. In procedural programming, the major units of programming are variables, functions, statements and conditional operators. Examples include FORTRAN and C.Functional programming languages, on the other hand, focus mostly on the return value of the functions. Functions can be taken as arguments and returned from other functions. Every action is not performed by the writing of statements but by calling functions. Examples include Common Lisp and Haskell.Object-oriented programming is a dramatic shift from both procedural and functional programming languages. They envision every concept as an object which has its own functions as well as data types. An object-oriented programming language is useful when it comes to web development. Some examples of this programming paradigm include Java and Ruby.Logic programming paradigm has its roots in “formal logic”. Programs are written as a series of statements that are expressed in logic form. The major logic programming language is Prolog which is highly useful in artificial intelligence.