Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing heartburn and potentially leading to stomach pain. Chronic acid reflux, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can result in more severe symptoms. Treatment options for acid reflux include lifestyle modifications (e.g., dietary changes, weight loss), medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors) and, in severe cases, surgical interventions.