YES !! You can as Außergewöhnliche Belastung
Außergewöhnliche Belastung means an Extraordinary Burden. You will be quite amazed to know that, in Germany, eyeglasses are considered an extraordinary burden.
If your insurance does not cover your eyeglasses in Germany, you can get that included in your taxes. You just have to keep the receipts for both the eye test and the eyewear. While paying your taxes, show these receipts under the category of extraordinary burdens, Außergewöhnliche Belastung. In this way, the amount will be deducted from your overall taxes.