Yes, you can. You can apply for an O-1 Visa at any time. Unlike the H-1B, there is no limit on the number of Visas available, as there is no annual lottery. There are no industry requirements, salary minimums, or required degrees. The O-1 Visa is also the better choice if you have an ownership interest in the company sponsoring your Visa. Finally, the O-1 can offer a direct path to permanent residency, because of similarities between the O-1 nonimmigrant Visa and the EB-1 immigrant Visa.