The differences lie primarily in their core sizes, wavelength capacities, and data rates. OM1 has a core diameter of 62.5 µm and is generally suitable for older Ethernet standards, while OM2 has a 50 µm core and supports 1 Gbps over longer distances. OM3 and OM4 also have 50 µm cores, but they support higher data rates (10 Gbps and 40 Gbps, respectively) and longer distances. OM5 is an enhanced version, designed for wideband mode, allowing for even greater data rates and compatibility with multiple wavelengths.