Abstraction and encapsulation are both key principles of Object-Oriented Programming, but they address different aspects of code organization.
Abstraction: Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by modeling classes based on the essential properties and behaviors they share. It involves focusing on the relevant characteristics of an object while ignoring the irrelevant details. Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces, allowing the creation of a blueprint without specifying the implementation details.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation involves bundling the data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data within a single unit, known as a class. It restricts direct access to some of an object's components, promoting the concept of "information hiding" and protecting the internal implementation details. Encapsulation helps in enhancing security, maintainability, and flexibility of the code.