King Saul attacked the Edomites and King David made them servants 40 years later. After the death of Solomon, the people of Edom rebelled and gained some of their former freedoms until they were later controlled by Tiglath-Pilesar.
During the time of Nebuchadnezzar, Jerusalem was attacked and destroyed. Psalm 137:7 mentions that the Edomites were involved in the plunder of the city. This action was condemned (Isaiah 34:5-17; Jeremiah 49:7-22).
Between the Old and New Testament times, the Edomites were once again controlled by the Jews and forced to embrace Judaism. In the Greek language that gained prominence during this time their name became the Idumaeans. King Herod was an Idumaean and ruled at the time of the birth of Jesus; he also commanded the deaths of all males two years old and under in Bethlehem in order to kill the threat of a Jewish king (Matthew 2:16-18).
The Edomites, by then known as the Idumaeans, would eventually disappear from history. One of the last mentions of the Idumeans was a reference to the land of Idumea by the church leader Jerome. The prediction that Esau (the Edomites) would serve Jacob (the Israelites) proved true.