Doctors are required to secure their patients' informed consent before performing a medical procedure. Informed consent involves more than simply having you read and sign a form. Instead, your doctor must explain the known risks of the procedure so that you can make an informed decision about whether to agree to it.
Whether your doctor's failure to inform you about the risks of your procedure will rise to the level of a viable medical malpractice claim will depend on several factors. If you were not injured and did not suffer the complications that your doctor failed to inform you about, you will not have grounds to file a lawsuit. Doctors are also not required to inform their patients about every possible risk, but they must inform patients about known risks of procedures. If you suffered complications of the type that your doctor failed to warn you about and would not have undergone the procedure if you had been informed, you could have a viable medical malpractice claim.