A malware is a computer application that is designed to do harm to the computers of its users.
A ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts all data on the infected machine and demands a ransom in order to unlock it.
A botnet is used to control multiple computers using the same set of commands and controls.
The main difference between these three types of computer viruses or malware is that the ransomware can be changed back once paid for. A cryptovirus can't be changed back, but it can be removed from your computer by a clean up tool like Microsoft Security Essentials.
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