A court might find exclusion justified if an individual’s presence significantly affects the organization’s ability to advocate its intended viewpoints or purposes. This considers whether the person’s conduct is fundamentally at odds with the mission and collective expression of the group, which might include oppositional advocacy or behaviors misaligned with organizational values.
For example: A religious group may exclude someone whose behaviors and expressed beliefs contradict the core tenets of their faith, as forced inclusion could alter the group’s expressive dynamic.