According to Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), "A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods". Accordingly, the Council Directive 86/653/EEC on commercial agents is binding upon each Member State of the EU which must transpose the directive into its national legislation. All EU Member States already implemented correctly the directive.