The artificial chromosomes are the small extra chromosomal structures which can be used for transfer of genetic material. There are various types of artificial chromosomes which are synthesized. There are yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) which were synthesized. The human artificial chromosomes called as HAC has also been created. These are used as tools or vectors for transferring the genetic material from one organism to another. This can also be used to create genetically modified organisms which contains the desired gene responsible for the production of certain useful compounds. These can be useful for obtaining recombinant products and also be helpful in gene therapy.