The difference between a short term loan and a long term loan is the period set to reimburse them.
Short term loans can be paid back in as little as two weeks to a couple of months, and can usually be extended until two years*. What goes beyond two years is considered a middle term. As for long term loans, the repayment period is usually significantly longer and can go over 20 years.
Another difference is the amount you can receive; while long-term loans can help you with large projects like buying a house, short term loans give you up to $1,500 that you can use for whatever urgent or essential expense you have.