Athletic training students are educated to provide comprehensive client/patient care in five domains of clinical practice using a medical-based education model: prevention; clinical evaluation and diagnosis; immediate and emergency care; treatment and rehabilitation; and organization and professional health and well-being. These domains are applicable to any patient/client who is involved in or has interest in athletics. Prevention includes education about health issues that may affect athletes' ability to participate in sports, as well as advice on how to prevent injury. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis involves physical examinations of players to determine cause of symptoms and identify risk factors for future injuries. Immediate and emergency care encompasses care provided at the time of an injury with the goal of restoring normal function to the injured body part as soon as possible. Treatment and rehabilitation focuses on managing pain and inflammation while restoring muscle strength and range of motion. Athletes who have undergone surgery must be given specific instructions by their surgeons regarding when they can return to play. Organization and professional health and well-being includes topics such as workplace violence intervention, sexual harassment avoidance, stress management, effective communication skills, and nutrition counseling. Students are expected to become competent in providing preventive services, including the development of individualized exercise programs; conducting complete clinical evaluations of athletes; performing diagnostic tests; prescribing medications; and advising patients on the use of supplements and alternative treatments such as acupuncture.