Methylene blue works as a catalytic redox cycler in the mitochondria, which means that it can cycle between its oxidized and reduced forms by transferring electrons. Methylene blue can receive electrons from NADH, which is a molecule that carries electrons from food to the mitochondria. Methylene blue can then transfer these electrons to cytochrome c, which is a molecule that carries electrons from the mitochondria to oxygen. By doing this, methylene blue can bypass some of the steps in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which is a series of electron transporters that shuttle electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. This way, methylene blue can reduce the production of free radicals and increase the production of ATP. ATP is the molecule that stores and transports energy in the cells. By boosting mitochondrial performance, methylene blue can improve cellular metabolism and reduce the signs of aging.