Nerve damage is another potential risk factor when considering joint replacement surgery. The nerves can be traumatised at the time of the operation through stretching and occasionally due to postoperative swelling. Precautions are in place to protect the nerves via superior surgical technique but the risk nevertheless, exists for these potential complications to occur. The risk factors are small and are dependant on the age and prior medical condition of the patient. Diabetes, smoking and peripheral vascular disease are risk factors, as is the presence of previous back problems. If nerve damage occurs rest and further examination of the nerve will be required and possible further surgery.