The discoveries and inventions of the Renaissance ushered in a transformative period that greatly impacted the lives of the common people. One of the most significant innovations was Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century. This invention revolutionized the dissemination of information. Books, previously hand-copied and thus rare and expensive, became more widely accessible and affordable. As a result, literacy rates began to rise, enabling the common people to access a wealth of knowledge, including scientific texts, literature, and religious works. This democratization of knowledge broke the monopoly of the educated elite, paving the way for a more informed public, fostering critical thinking, and challenging established authorities, especially in religious contexts. Furthermore, the scientific and navigational advancements of the Renaissance era also had profound implications for commoners. Improved agricultural tools and techniques meant better crop yields and more stable food supplies. The period's emphasis on observation and empiricism in fields like medicine led to better healthcare practices, albeit gradually. Additionally, the discoveries of new trade routes and lands facilitated by advanced navigational tools and methods led to the influx of exotic goods, spices, and wealth into Europe. While this significantly benefited the merchant class, it also trickled down to the common people through new job opportunities, varied diets, and exposure to diverse cultures and ideas.