The filter has a CLM (Charged Layer Membrane) filter media. This filter medium consists of a non-woven fiber substrate impregnated with nano-aluminum particles. These particles generate an electrokinetic field or charge field around the fibers. Water passing through the filter is exposed to this charge field. The charge attracts and binds negatively charged ions, similar to a magnet that attracts iron filings. Pathogens have a negative charge, which is why the CLM medium pulls them out of the water stream passing through the filter.