The t-test examines if two populations are statistically distinct, whereas the Anova tests whether three or more populations are statistically dissimilar. For comparing the means of two groups, the t-test is employed, but the Anova is used when comparing the means of three or more groups. In Anova, the first step is to find a common P value. A significant P value in the Anova test indicates that the mean difference between at least one pair was statistically significant.