Testing, like every other phase of the entire product development and delivery process, requires some elements to be successful. These elements have specific utilities in the software testing process, and all of them are super crucial. Two such elements are Stubs and Drivers. Let us dig deeper and discuss them in detail. 1. Stubs These are the elements that developers design to use in place of the modules. They come in handy if the modules are unavailable or not designed during development stage. The stubs will have all the information about modules missing and often get used when the lower-level modules are unavailable. Stubs get divided into four categories in the top-down approach of incremental. These are as listed below. One that elaborates the trace message Category that exhibits the parameter value One that returns the consistent values which the module handles Category that returns specific values of the parameters utilized by the testing components. 2. Drivers These elements work like the stubs but have a bottom-up approach in the integration testing. They help when the specific module during the testing procedure is unavailable. Other than this, the drivers come in handy when there are two interdependent modules, out of which one is partially ready. Now, if you want to test the component that is ready, the drivers can help in place of the other module, which is only partially available. For Example: assume that you have a website with multiple modules like login, the home page, product page and more. Now a few modules are ready while the others are not. However, each module is dependent on the other. So, if you want to test one module, say the homepage, the driver for the product page can help until the other one is ready. Some of the common differences between the drivers are the stubs listed below in the table. Stubs Drivers They use the top down integration testing technique. They use the bottom up integration testing technique. Stubs are the software modules which are still under the development process. Drivers invoke the component which you need to test. They help test the features or functionalities of the module under question. They help when the main module is not developed for testing. Stubs help when lower level modules are missing or are only partially developed, but you want to check the main module. Drivers are fruitful when higher level modules are missing or are only partially developed, but you want to test the lower module.