mteb/FeedbackQARetrieval huggingface dataset:
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Are people who live in areas that have experienced an outbreak of hepatitis A in the past year still at risk for hepatitis A during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Hepatitis A outbreaks are still ongoing in over 30
states during the COVID-19
pandemic. People in all states who are at high risk for hepatitis A infection
should continue to practice good hand hygiene and avoid large gatherings
during the COVID-19 pandemic. They should also request hepatitis A vaccine
from their healthcare providers during their next visit.
If you are a member of any of these groups, and if you are contacting your
provider for any reason, you should request the hepatitis A vaccine :

People who use drugs (injection or non-injection)
People experiencing unstable housing or homelessness
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
People who are or were recently incarcerated (e.g., in prison)
People with chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Do people living with or at risk of viral hepatitis need to take special precautions to prevent COVID-19
Yes, based on currently available information and clinical expertise, older
adults and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions
might be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 and
need to take special precautions.
**** CDC offers COVID-19 guidance for some of the groups at risk for viral
hepatitis or severe illness from viral hepatitis:

People with HIV
People experiencing unsheltered homelessness
People who are incarcerated (e.g., in prison)
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Are people with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C at higher risk for COVID-19 than other people?
Currently, we have no information about whether people with hepatitis B or
hepatitis C are at increased risk for getting COVID-19 or having severe
COVID-19. However, based on available information and clinical expertise,
older adults and people of any age who have serious underlying medical
conditions, including people with liver disease, might be at higher risk for
severe illness from COVID-19, particularly if the underlying medical
conditions are not well controlled.
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Can antivirals used to treat hepatitis B or hepatitis C be used to treat COVID-19?
We do not know at this time. Currently there are no drugs approved by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)external
icon specifically for the treatment of COVID-19, although FDA has
granted an Emergency Use Authorization for the use of remdesivir to treat
severe cases. Remdesivir is not used to treat hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
Researchers are studying new drugs and drugs that are already approved for
other health conditions to determine their safety and effectiveness in
treating COVID-19. In the meantime, never take a prescription medicine or drug
if it is not prescribed for you by your doctor for your health condition.
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
What should I do if I think I might have COVID-19 or been exposed to a person with COVID-19?
Call your healthcare provider if you develop
symptoms of COVID-19 or if you
have been exposed to someone known to have COVID-19. Discuss how to get
evaluated and how to avoid spreading the virus to others.
Learn more about COVID-19 and what to do if you get
sick.
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Does COVID-19 damage the liver?
Some patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have had increased levels of liver
enzymes — like alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) — that indicate their livers are at least temporarily damaged. Also,
liver damage is more common in patients who have severe COVID-19 disease.
However, we do not know if this increase in liver enzyme levels is related
directly to the virus that causes COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) being in the liver or
if liver damage results from other factors.
More research is needed to determine if COVID-19 patients with hepatitis B,
hepatitis C, cirrhosis, fatty liver, and other chronic liver diseases are more
likely to suffer from liver damage than COVID-19 patients without chronic
liver disease.
What to Know About Liver Disease and COVID-19
Are shortages of hepatitis B or hepatitis C medicine expected?
No drug shortages or anticipated problems with medicine used to treat
hepatitis B or hepatitis C have been identified to date.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is closely monitoring the drug
supply chain because the COVID-19 outbreak has the potential to disrupt the
supply of medical and pharmaceutical products in the United States.
Learn more about the FDA’s response to COVID-19external
icon and information on drug shortagesexternal
icon.
Arrange the funeral
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and arranging or attending a funeral
There are restrictions affecting funeral arrangements because of coronavirus.
Contact your funeral director, if you’re using one, for help and guidance
about how this could affect you.
Who can attend
There are limitations on who can attend a funeral, and how many people can
attend. Only members of the person’s household or immediate family should
usually attend.
If no household or family members can attend, a small number of close friends
can go to the funeral. Your local council can provide
more details about what is allowed.
If you’re attending
You must respect social distancing guidelines at a funeral and keep 2 metres
apart from people outside your household.
You should not attend a funeral if you are unwell with coronavirus symptoms.
If you’re self-isolating because someone in your household has symptoms, you
can attend if you do not have symptoms yourself.
Arrange the funeral
Funeral directors
Choose a funeral director who’s a member of either:

National Association of Funeral Directors
The National Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors (SAIF)

These organisations have codes of practice - they must give you a price list
when asked.
Some local councils run their own funeral
services,
for example for non-religious burials. The British Humanist
Association and
Institute of Civil Funerals can also help with non-
religious funerals.
*[SAIF]: The National Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors
Arrange the funeral
Funeral costs
Funeral costs can include:

funeral director fees
things the funeral director pays for on your behalf (called ‘disbursements’ or ‘third-party costs’), for example crematorium or cemetery fees, or a newspaper announcement about the death
local authority burial or cremation fees

Funeral directors may list all these costs in their quote. You can get quotes
from several funeral directors to see what is available within your budget.
Paying for a funeral
The funeral can be paid for:

from a financial scheme the person had, for example a pre-paid funeral plan or insurance policy
by you, or other family members or friends
with money from the person’s estate (savings, for example) - getting access to this is called applying for a ‘grant of representation’ (sometimes called ‘applying for probate’)

You can apply for a Funeral Expenses Payment if you have
difficulty paying for the funeral.
Bereavement Support Payment
If your partner died more than 21 months ago
You may still be able to claim BSP if your husband, wife or civil partner’s
cause of death was confirmed more than 21 months after the death. Call the
Bereavement Service helpline.
If your husband, wife or civil partner died before 6 April 2017, you may be
able to get Widowed Parent’s Allowance instead.
*[BSP]: Bereavement Support Payment
Construction and other outdoor work
2. Who should go to work
In this section

2.1 Protecting people who are at higher risk
2.2 People who need to self-isolate
2.3 Equality in the workplace

Objective: That everyone should work from home, unless they cannot work from
home.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Consider who is needed on site, for example, support staff should work from home if at all possible.


Planning for the minimum number of people needed to be on site to operate safely and effectively, for example, workers deemed necessary to carry out physical works, supervise work, or conduct work in order to operate safely.


Monitoring the wellbeing of people who are working from home and helping them stay connected to those operating in an outdoor environment, especially if the majority of their colleagues are on-site.


Keeping in touch with off-site workers on their working arrangements including their welfare, mental and physical health and personal security.


Providing equipment for people to work from home safely and effectively, for example, remote access to work systems.
Construction and other outdoor work
4. Managing your customers, visitors and contractors
In this section

4.1 Manage contacts
4.2 Providing and explaining available guidance

4.1 Manage contacts
Objective: To minimise the number of unnecessary visits to the worksite.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Where site visits are required, site guidance on social distancing and hygiene should be explained to visitors on or before arrival.


Encouraging visits via remote connection/working where this is an option.


Limiting the number of visitors at any one time.


Determine if schedules for essential services and contractor visits can be revised to reduce interaction and overlap between people.


Maintaining a record of all visitors, if this is practical.


4.2 Providing and explaining available guidance
Objective: To make sure people understand what they need to do to maintain
safety.
Ensuring public notices are visible and help inform workers, customers,
visitors, contractors and the public to maintain social distancing whilst near
the workplace.
There is a high likelihood in some areas that working outdoors will draw the
attention of the public. Visible signage may be used to inform the public of
the type of work that is being performed.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Providing signage to inform the public as to the course of business.


Providing signage at entrances to the worksite to remind the public and workers to maintain social distancing.


Providing signage on rights of way that cross your workplace to remind the public to maintain social distancing.


Establishing host responsibilities relating to COVID-19, providing any necessary training for people who act as hosts for visitors.


*[COVID-19]: coronavirus
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
In this section

3.1 Coming to work and leaving work
3.2 Moving around buildings and worksites
3.3 Making the main workplace safe for people who work statically
3.4 Meetings
3.5 Common areas
3.6 Accidents, security and other incidents

Objective: To maintain 2m social distancing wherever possible, including while
arriving at and departing from work, while in work, and when travelling
between sites.
You must maintain social distancing in the workplace wherever possible.
Where the social distancing guidelines cannot be followed in full in relation
to a particular activity, businesses should consider whether that activity
needs to continue for the business to operate, and, if so, take all the
mitigating actions possible to reduce the risk of transmission between their
staff.
Mitigating actions include:

further increasing the frequency of hand washing and surface cleaning
keeping the activity time involved as short as possible
using screens or barriers to separate people from each other
using back-to-back or side-to-side working (rather than face-to-face) whenever possible
reducing the number of people each person has contact with by using ‘fixed teams or partnering’ (so each person works with only a few others)

Social distancing applies to all parts of a business, not just the place where
people spend most of their time, but also entrances and exits, break rooms,
canteens and similar settings. These are often the most challenging areas to
maintain social distancing.
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
3.3 Making the main workplace safe for people who work statically
Objective: To maintain social distancing between people who work in one place.
It is recognised that in outdoor workplaces it might be rare to have a fixed
or static place of work. However, there may be some situations where this is
the case.
For people who work in one place, workstations should allow them to maintain
social distancing wherever possible.
Workstations should be assigned to an individual as much as possible. If they
need to be shared, they should be shared by the smallest possible number of
people.
If it is not possible to keep workstations 2m apart then businesses should
consider whether that activity needs to continue for the business to operate,
and if so take all mitigating actions possible to reduce the risk of
transmission.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Changing layouts to allow people to work further apart from each other.


Only where it is not possible to move workstations further apart, arranging people to work side by side or facing away from each other rather than face-to-face.


Only where it is not possible to move workstations further apart, using screens to separate people from each other.


Using a consistent pairing system if people have to work in close proximity, for example, during two-person working, lifting or maintenance activities that cannot be redesigned.
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
3.4 Meetings
Objective: To reduce or eliminate transmission due to face-to-face meetings
and maintain social distancing in meetings.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Only absolutely necessary participants should attend meetings and should maintain 2m separation throughout.


Avoiding transmission during meetings, for example, avoid sharing pens and or other objects.


Providing hand sanitiser in meeting rooms.


Holding meetings outdoors or in well-ventilated rooms whenever possible.


Using remote working tools to avoid in-person meetings.


For areas where regular meetings take place, use floor signage to help people maintain social distancing.
Construction and other outdoor work
8. Inbound and outbound goods
Objective: To maintain social distancing and avoid surface transmission when
goods enter and leave the site especially in high volume situations, for
example builders’ yard or despatch areas.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Revising pick-up and drop-off collection points, procedures, signage and markings.


Minimising unnecessary contact at gatehouse security, yard and warehouse, for example, non-contact deliveries where the nature of the product allows for use of electronic pre-booking.


Considering methods to reduce frequency of deliveries, for example by ordering larger quantities less often.


Where possible and safe, having single workers load or unload vehicles.


Where possible, using the same pairs of people for loads where more than one is needed.


Enabling drivers to access welfare facilities when required, consistent with other guidance.


Encouraging drivers to stay in their vehicles where this does not compromise their safety and existing safe working practice, such as preventing drive-aways.


Definitions
Refers to areas and amenities which are provided for the common use of more
than one person including canteens, reception areas, meeting rooms, areas of
worship, toilets, gardens, fire escapes, kitchens, fitness facilities, store
rooms, laundry facilities.
Refers to people who have specific underlying health conditions that make them
extremely vulnerable to severe illness if they contract COVID-19. Clinically
extremely vulnerable people will have received a letter telling them they are
in this group, or will have been told by their GP. Who is ‘clinically
extremely vulnerable’?
Refers to people who may be at increased risk from COVID-19, including those
aged 70 or over and those with some underlying health conditions. Who is
‘clinically vulnerable’?
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
3.5 Common areas
Objective: To maintain social distancing while using common areas.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Staggering break times to reduce pressure on break rooms or places to eat.


Using safe outdoor areas for breaks.


Creating additional space by using other parts of the workplace freed up by remote working.


Reconfiguring seating and tables to maintain spacing and reduce face-to-face interactions.
Construction and other outdoor work
7. Managing your workforce
7.3 Communications and training
In this section

7.1 Shift patterns and working groups
7.2 Work-related travel
7.3 Communications and training

7.3 Communications and training
7.3.1 Returning to work
Objective: To make sure all workers understand COVID-19 related safety
procedures.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Providing clear, consistent and regular communication to improve understanding and consistency of ways of working.


Engaging with workers and worker representatives through existing communication routes and worker representatives to explain and agree any changes in working arrangements.


Developing communication and training materials for workers prior to returning to site, especially around new procedures for arrival at work.


7.3.2 Ongoing communications and signage
Objective: To make sure all workers on site are kept up to date with how
safety measures are being implemented or updated.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Ongoing engagement with workers (including through trades unions or employee representative groups) to monitor and understand any unforeseen impacts of changes to working environments.


Awareness and focus on the importance of mental health at times of uncertainty. The government has published guidance on the mental health and wellbeing aspects of coronavirus (COVID-19).


Using visual communications, for example, whiteboards or signage, to explain safe working practices around the working site to reduce the need for face-to-face communications.


Communicating approaches and operational procedures to suppliers, customers or trade bodies to help their adoption and to share experience.


*[COVID-19]: coronavirus
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
3.6 Accidents, security and other incidents
Objective: To prioritise safety during incidents.
In an emergency, for example, an accident, fire, break-in or trespass, people
do not have to stay 2m apart if it would be unsafe.
People involved in the provision of assistance to others should pay particular
attention to sanitation measures immediately afterwards, including washing
hands.
Construction and other outdoor work
3. Social distancing at work
3.2 Moving around buildings and worksites
Objective: To maintain social distancing wherever possible, while people
travel through the workplace.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Reducing movement by discouraging non-essential trips within buildings and sites. For example, restricting access to some areas, encouraging use of telephones where permitted, and cleaning them between use.


Reducing job rotation and equipment rotation, for example, single tasks for the day.


Implementing one-way systems where possible on walkways around the workplace.


Using signage such as ground markings or being creative with other objects to mark out 2m to allow controlled flows of people moving throughout the site.


Reducing occupancy of vehicles used for onsite travel, for example, shuttle buses, and when needed, social distancing measures should be followed within the vehicles.


Separating sites into working zones to keep different groups of workers physically separated as much as practical.


Planning site access and ‘area of safety’ points to enable social distancing.


Reducing the number of people in attendance at site inductions and consider holding them outdoors wherever possible with social distancing.


Regulating use of high traffic areas including corridors, lifts, turnstiles and walkways to maintain social distancing.
Construction and other outdoor work
7. Managing your workforce
7.2 Work-related travel
In this section

7.1 Shift patterns and working groups
7.2 Work-related travel
7.3 Communications and training

7.2 Work-related travel
7.2.1 Cars, accommodation and visits
Objective: To avoid unnecessary work travel and keep people safe when they do
need to travel between locations.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Minimising non-essential travel –consider remote options first.


Minimising the number of people travelling together in any one vehicle, using fixed travel partners, increasing ventilation when possible and avoiding sitting face-to-face.


Cleaning shared vehicles between shifts or on handover.


Where workers are required to stay away from their home, centrally logging the stay and making sure any overnight accommodation meets social distancing guidelines.


7.2.2 Deliveries to other sites
Objective: To help workers delivering to other sites such as markets or
customer premises to maintain social distancing and hygiene practices.
Steps that will usually be needed:


Putting in place procedures to minimise person-to-person contact during deliveries to other sites.


Maintaining consistent pairing where two-person deliveries are required.


Minimising contact during payments and exchange of documentation, for example, by using electronic payment methods and electronically signed and exchanged documents.
Construction and other outdoor work
2. Who should go to work
2.2 People who need to self-isolate
Objective: To make sure individuals who are advised to stay at home under
existing government
guidance do not physically come to work. This includes individuals who have
symptoms of COVID-19 as well as those who live in a household with someone who
has symptoms.
Steps that will usually be needed


Enabling workers to work from home while self-isolating if appropriate.


See current guidance for employees and employers relating to statutory sick pay due to COVID-19.


See current guidance for people who have symptoms and those who live with others who have symptoms.


*[COVID-19]: coronavirus
Construction and other outdoor work
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) and face coverings
In this section

6.1 Face coverings

PPE protects the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include
items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility
clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses. It also includes respiratory
protective equipment, such as face masks.
Where you are already using PPE in your work activity to protect against non-
COVID-19 risks, you should continue to do so.
At the start of this document we described the steps you need to take to
manage COVID-19 risk in the workplace. This includes working from home and
staying 2m away from each other in the workplace if at all possible.When
managing the risk of COVID-19, additional PPE beyond what you usually wear is
not beneficial. This is because COVID-19 is a different type of risk to the
risks you normally face in a workplace, and needs to be managed through social
distancing, hygiene and fixed teams or partnering, not through the use of PPE.
The exception is clinical settings, like a hospital, or a small handful of
other roles for which Public Health England advises use of PPE, for example,
first responders and immigration enforcement officers. If you are in one of
these groups you should refer to the advice at:

COVID-19: personal protective equipment (PPE) plan
COVID-19: cleaning in non-healthcare settings

Workplaces should not encourage the precautionary use of extra PPE to protect
against COVID-19 outside clinical settings or when responding to a suspected
or confirmed case of COVID-19.
Unless you are in a situation where the risk of COVID-19 transmission is very
high, your risk assessment should reflect the fact that the role of PPE in
providing additional protection is extremely limited. However, if your risk
assessment does show that PPE is required, then you must provide this PPE free
of charge to workers who need it. Any PPE provided must fit properly.
[PPE]: Personal protective equipment
  [COVID-19]: coronavirus