"Beyond doubt, <b>Charles Sanders Peirce</b> was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the <b>greatest American thinker ever</b>." <i>Bertrand Russell</i>, 1959 <br> <br>"The most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician" Paul Weiss on Peirce, 1934 <br> <br>"Now regarded as the most original thinker and greatest logician of his time" Webster's Biographical Dictionary, 1943 <br> <br>In, his previous article (Questions Concerning Some Faculties Claimed for Man) Peirce started the biggest war in the history of philosophy against Cartesianism. In this article, he continues elaborating on the ideas presented in the first article. According to Peirce, there are four fundamental <b>errors</b> in the Cartesian accounts of cognition (mind): <br>- We have no power of <b>Introspection</b>. <br>- We have no power of <b>Intuition</b>. <br>- We have no power of thinking without <b>signs</b>. (There are no innate or born-with ideas as many Cartesian still assume even today.) <br>- We have no conception of the absolutely <b>incognizable</b>. (There are no "unexplainable" ideas like "God", etc.) <br> <br>This article was published in 1868 and it is one of the most fundamental readings of Pragmatism, and Philosophy of Mind in general. Sadly, even today, the majority of the scientists of cognition (psychology, linguistics, cognitive sciences, artificial intelligence, neurosciences, and so on) are ignorant about this crucial blow which has destroyed the foundations of Cartesianism. As a result, our understanding of the mental phenomena is corrupted by the ancient and archaic Cartesian nonsense. <br> <br>For the student of sciences and engineering, this is an essential reading to get into the basics of epistemology and reasoning. <br> <br>The other readings in the series: <br>https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0877C9Y9Y (The Fixation of Belief) <br>https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0877F8XST (How to Make Our Ideas Clear) <br>https://www.amazon.com/dp/B088JVW64M (Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man) <br> <br>The series is written in the simplest manner possible so anyone can read. The only prerequisite is <i>common sense</i>. <br> <br><b>If you are interested in discovering the foundations of logical thinking, then click "Buy now with 1-click" button and make this series a part of your collection.</b>