1. ** ^  ** S.S. Wilson (March 1973). "Bicycle Technology". _Scientific American_ . **228** (3): 81–91. [ Bibcode ](/wiki/Bibcode_\(identifier\) "Bibcode \(identifier\)") : [ 1973SciAm.228c..81W ](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973SciAm.228c..81W) . [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1038/scientificamerican0373-81 ](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0373-81) . 
  2. ** ^  ** Schünemann, Jaron; Finke, Sebastian; Severengiz, Semih; Schelte, Nora; Gandhi, Smiti (2022). [ "Life Cycle Assessment on Electric Cargo Bikes for the Use-Case of Urban Freight Transportation in Ghana" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827122001214/pdf?md5=1d8d0abad9e26f45cd108a1d87b83496&pid=1-s2.0-S2212827122001214-main.pdf) (PDF)  . _Procedia Cirp_ . **105** : 721–726. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.120 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.procir.2022.02.120) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 247338693 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247338693) . 
  3. ** ^  ** Wilson, David Gordon; Jim Papadopoulos (2004). _Bicycling Science_ (Third ed.). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 343. [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 0-262-23111-5  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-23111-5 "Special:BookSources/0-262-23111-5") . 
  4. ** ^  ** Phil Sneiderman Homewood (August 30, 1999). [ "Pedal Power Probe Shows Bicycles Waste Little Energy" ](http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1999/aug3099/30pedal.html) . Johns Hopkins Gazette. [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20100201184425/http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1999/aug3099/30pedal.html) from the original on 1 February 2010  . Retrieved  2010-02-21  . 
  5. ** ^  ** MacKay, David J C (2008). _Sustainable Energy_ (First ed.). UIT Cambridge limited. p. 128. 
  6. ** ^  ** Kohsuke Shimomura; et al. (2009-11-10). [ "A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated horse riding, bicycle, and walking exercise" ](http://www.dynamic-med.com/content/pdf/1476-5918-8-4.pdf) (PDF)  . _Dynamic Medicine_ . **8** : 4. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.1186/1476-5918-8-4 ](https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1476-5918-8-4) . [ PMC ](/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC \(identifier\)") [ 2780382 ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780382) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 19900292 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19900292) . Retrieved  2014-07-26  . 
  7. ** ^  ** Zorn, Walter (2015-03-27). [ "Speed&Power Calculator" ](http://www.kreuzotter.de/english/espeed.htm) . Retrieved  2015-03-27  . 
  8. ** ^  ** [ Power profiling data table version 4.0 by Andy R. Coggan ](http://home.trainingpeaks.com/blog/article/power-profiling)
  9. ** ^  ** Wilson, David Gordon; Jim Papadopoulos (2004).  [ _Bicycling Science_ ](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780262731546) (Third ed.). The MIT Press. p. [ 44 ](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780262731546/page/44) . [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 0-262-73154-1  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-73154-1 "Special:BookSources/0-262-73154-1") . 
  10. ** ^  ** [ "Harris-Benedict-equation calculator" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145957/http://www.globalrph.com/harris-benedict-equation.cgi) . 2015-03-27. Archived from [ the original ](http://www.globalrph.com/harris-benedict-equation.cgi) on 2015-04-02  . Retrieved  2015-03-27  . 
  11. ** ^  ** [ "Bicycle statistics" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20131212093813/http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/CityAndTraffic/CityOfCyclists/CycleStatistics.aspx) . _City of Copenhagen website_ . City of Copenhagen. 13 June 2013. Archived from [ the original ](http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/CityAndTraffic/CityOfCyclists/CycleStatistics.aspx) on 12 December 2013  . Retrieved  12 December  2013  . 
  12. ** ^  ** [ "New Human-Powered Speed Record Set at 89.6 mph in Egg-Shaped Bike" ](http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a22946/human-powered-speed-record-aerovelo/) . _Popular Mechanics_ . 20 September 2016  . Retrieved  20 September  2016  . 
  13. ** ^  ** Wired.com (2008-09-25). [ "World's Fastest Cyclist Hits 82.3 MPH" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20080926163047/http://blog.wired.com/cars/2008/09/worlds-fastest.html) . Archived from [ the original ](http://blog.wired.com/cars/2008/09/worlds-fastest.html) on 26 September 2008  . Retrieved  2008-09-26  . 
  14. ** ^  ** [ "International Human Powered Vehicle Association Official Speed Records" ](http://www.ihpva.org/hpva/hpvarec3.html#nom01) . [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20080412043822/http://www.ihpva.org/hpva/hpvarec3.html) from the original on 12 April 2008  . Retrieved  2008-03-04  . 
  15. ** ^  ** [ "Fastest Human Powered Lists" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20080308021037/http://www.wisil.recumbents.com/wisil/fastest_list.asp) . Archived from [ the original ](http://www.wisil.recumbents.com/wisil/fastest_list.asp) on 8 March 2008  . Retrieved  2008-03-04  . 
  16. ** ^  ** [ "HPV And Bicycle Speed Records Men – Single Rider" ](http://www.legslarry.beerdrinkers.co.uk/tech/MLS.htm) . [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20080412070636/http://www.legslarry.beerdrinkers.co.uk/tech/MLS.htm) from the original on 12 April 2008  . Retrieved  2008-03-04  . 
  17. ** ^  ** [ "Moulton Bicycle Company: Records and Racing" ](http://www.moultonbicycles.co.uk/heritage.html#recordsracing) . [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20100412154319/http://www.moultonbicycles.co.uk/heritage.html) from the original on 12 April 2010  . Retrieved  2010-02-26  . 
  18. ** ^  ** [ "UCI Rules" ](http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/Rulesandregulation/16/80/73/1-GEN-20150313-E_English.pdf) (PDF)  . 2015-03-26  . Retrieved  2015-03-30  . 
  19. ** ^  ** [ "Technical Q&A with Lennard Zinn: The great rotating-weight debate" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20061017095411/http://www.velonews.com/tech/report/articles/9662.0.html) . Archived from [ the original ](http://www.velonews.com/tech/report/articles/9662.0.html) on 2006-10-17  . Retrieved  2007-02-03  . 
  20. ** ^  ** Note that for the air density can be found using the [ barometric formula ](/wiki/Barometric_formula "Barometric formula") . It is 1.293 kg/m  3  at 0 °C and 1 [ atmosphere ](/wiki/Atmosphere_\(unit\) "Atmosphere \(unit\)") . 
  21. ** ^  ** Charles Henry (2015-03-15). [ "Diagram of Crr as a function of V" ](http://www.velomobil.ch/ch/sites/default/files/images/pages/reifenpruefstand/diagramm_cr_v.jpg) . Retrieved  2015-03-30  . 
  22. ** ^  ** The sine is often neglected; for a correct treatment see: "Validation of a Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power" by James C. Martin et al., Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Volume 14, Issue 3, August 14, 1998, pp.276 – 291 [ [1] ](http://journals.humankinetics.com/jab-back-issues/JABVolume14Issue3August/ValidationofaMathematicalModelforRoadCyclingPower)
  23. ** ^  ** [ The hardest climbs of the Giro d'Italia ](http://www.italybikehotels.com/news/the-hardest-climbs-of-the-giro-ditalia) [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20200927142621/http://www.italybikehotels.com/news/the-hardest-climbs-of-the-giro-ditalia) 2020-09-27 at the [ Wayback Machine ](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") . 
  24. ** ^  ** [ "Sastre wins the 2008 L'Alpe d'Huez stage" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20090219103919/http://www.velonews.com/article/80615) . July 23, 2008: Velo News. Archived from [ the original ](http://www.velonews.com/article/80615) on 19 February 2009  . Retrieved  2009-01-14  .  ` {{ [ cite journal ](/wiki/Template:Cite_journal "Template:Cite journal") }} ` :  Cite journal requires ` |journal= ` ( [ help ](/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical "Help:CS1 errors") )