What_information_to_include "Wikipedia:Citing sources") _ ]
19. ** ^  ** ISO 14044 replaced earlier versions of ISO 14041 to ISO 14043.  [ _[ citation needed  ](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed") _ ]
20. ** ^  ** [ "PAS 2050:2011 Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services" ](http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/forms/PASs/PAS-2050) . _BSI_ . Retrieved on: 25 April 2013.
21. ** ^  ** [ "Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard" ](http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/product-standard) [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20130509224311/http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/product-standard) 9 May 2013 at the [ Wayback Machine ](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") . _GHG Protocol_ . Retrieved on: 25 April 2013.
22. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ _**f** _ _**g** _ _**h** _ _**i** _ Palsson, Ann-Christin & Ellen Riise (31 August 2011). [ "Defining the goal and scope of the LCA study" ](http://users.rowan.edu/~everett/courses/SCEE/docs/LCA-Goal&scope-2011.pdf) (PDF)  . _Rowan University_ .
23. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Curran, Mary Ann (2017), Curran, Mary Ann (ed.), [ "Overview of Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment" ](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0855-3_1) , _Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment_ , LCA Compendium – the Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 1–62, [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/978-94-024-0855-3_1 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-024-0855-3_1) , [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-94-024-0855-3  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-024-0855-3 "Special:BookSources/978-94-024-0855-3") , retrieved  16 December  2022
24. ** ^  ** Rebitzer, G.; Ekvall, T.; Frischknecht, R.; Hunkeler, D.; Norris, G.; Rydberg, T.; Schmidt, W.-P.; Suh, S.; Weidema, B.P.; Pennington, D.W. (July 2004). "Life cycle assessment". _Environment International_ . **30** (5): 701–720. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.005 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envint.2003.11.005) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 15051246 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15051246) .
25. ** ^  ** Finnveden, Göran; Hauschild, Michael Z.; Ekvall, Tomas; Guinée, Jeroen; Heijungs, Reinout; Hellweg, Stefanie; Koehler, Annette; Pennington, David; Suh, Sangwon (October 2009). "Recent developments in Life Cycle Assessment". _Journal of Environmental Management_ . **91** (1): 1–21. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.06.018 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2009.06.018) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 19716647 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19716647) .
26. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ [ "ISO 14044:2006" ](http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/03/84/38498.html) . _ISO_ . 12 August 2014  . Retrieved  2 January  2020  .
27. ** ^  ** Flysjö, Anna; Cederberg, Christel; Henriksson, Maria; Ledgard, Stewart (2011). "How does co-product handling affect the carbon footprint of milk? Case study of milk production in New Zealand and Sweden". _The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment_ . **16** (5): 420–430. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/s11367-011-0283-9 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11367-011-0283-9) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 110142930 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110142930) .
28. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ Matthews, H. Scott; Hendrickson, Chris T.; Matthews, Deanna H. (2014). _Life Cycle Assessment: Quantitative Approaches for Decisions that Matter_ . pp. 174–186.
29. ** ^  ** Hofstetter, Patrick (1998). [ _Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment_ ](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4615-5127-0) . [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/978-1-4615-5127-0 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-5127-0) . [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-1-4613-7333-9  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4613-7333-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4613-7333-9") .
30. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and Practice_ . Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. pp. 19–30.
31. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ Cao, C. (1 January 2017), Fan, Mizi; Fu, Feng (eds.), [ "21 - Sustainability and life assessment of high strength natural fibre composites in construction" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081004111000212) , _Advanced High Strength Natural Fibre Composites in Construction_ , Woodhead Publishing, pp. 529–544, [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-0-08-100411-1  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-100411-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-08-100411-1") , retrieved  16 December  2022
32. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ _**f** _ _**g** _ Matthew, H. Scott; Hendrickson, Chris T.; Matthews, Deanna H. (2014). _Life Cycle Assessment: Quantitative Approaches for Decisions that Matter_ . pp. 101–112.
33. ** ^  ** Haque, Nawshad (1 January 2020), Letcher, Trevor M. (ed.), [ "29 - The Life Cycle Assessment of Various Energy Technologies" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081028865000293) , _Future Energy (Third Edition)_ , Elsevier, pp. 633–647, [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-0-08-102886-5  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102886-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102886-5") , retrieved  16 December  2022
34. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ Hauschild, Michael Z.; Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Olsen, Stig Irving (2018). _Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice_ . Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 171. [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-3-319-56474-6  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56474-6 "Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56474-6") .
35. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Lee, Kun-Mo; Inaba, Atsushi (2004). _Life Cycle Assessment: Best Practices of ISO 14040 Series_ . Committee on Trade and Investment. pp. 12–19.
36. ** ^  ** Borgman, Christine L. (3 February 2017). [ _Big Data, Little Data, No Data: Scholarship in the Networked World_ ](https://books.google.com/books?id=JvsMEAAAQBAJ&dq=Oftentimes,+the+collection+of+primary+data+may+be+difficult+and+deemed+proprietary+or+confidential+by+the+owner.&pg=PR17) . MIT Press. [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-0-262-52991-4  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-52991-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-262-52991-4") .
37. ** ^  ** Curran, Mary Ann (2012). [ "Sourcing Life Cycle Inventory Data" ](https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118528372.ch5) . _Life Cycle Assessment Handbook_ . pp. 105–141. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1002/9781118528372.ch5 ](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118528372.ch5) . [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 9781118099728  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118099728 "Special:BookSources/9781118099728") .
38. ** ^  ** Steinbach, V.; Wellmer, F. (May 2010). [ "Review: Consumption and Use of Non-Renewable Mineral and Energy Raw Materials from an Economic Geology Point of View" ](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu2051408) . _Sustainability_ . **2** (5): 1408–1430. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.3390/su2051408 ](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu2051408) .
39. ** ^  ** Joyce, P. James; Björklund, Anna (2021). [ "Futura: A new tool for transparent and shareable scenario analysis in prospective life cycle assessment" ](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jiec.13115) . _Journal of Industrial Ecology_ . **26** (1): 134–144. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.1111/jiec.13115 ](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjiec.13115) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 1088-1980 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1088-1980) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 233781072 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233781072) .
40. ** ^  ** Moni, Sheikh Moniruzzaman; Mahmud, Roksana; High, Karen; Carbajales-Dale, Michael (2019). [ "Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: A review" ](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.12965) . _Journal of Industrial Ecology_ . **24** : 52–63. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.1111/jiec.12965 ](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjiec.12965) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 214164642 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214164642) .
41. ** ^  ** Khasreen, Mohamad Monkiz; Banfill, Phillip F. G.; Menzies, Gillian F. (2009). [ "Life-Cycle Assessment and the Environmental Impact of Buildings: A Review" ](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu1030674) . _Sustainability_ . **1** (3): 674–701. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.3390/su1030674 ](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu1030674) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 2071-1050 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2071-1050) .
42. ** ^  ** University, Carnegie Mellon. [ "Approaches to LCA - Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment - Carnegie Mellon University" ](http://www.eiolca.net/Method/LCAapproaches.html) . _www.eiolca.net_ . Retrieved  16 December  2022  .
43. ** ^  ** Righi, Serena; Dal Pozzo, Alessandro; Tugnoli, Alessandro; Raggi, Andrea; Salieri, Beatrice; Hischier, Roland (2020), Maranghi, Simone; Brondi, Carlo (eds.), [ "The Availability of Suitable Datasets for the LCA Analysis of Chemical Substances" ](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34424-5_1) , _Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain: Challenges, Methodological Approaches and Applications_ , Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 3–32, [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/978-3-030-34424-5_1 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-34424-5_1) , [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-3-030-34424-5  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-34424-5 "Special:BookSources/978-3-030-34424-5") , [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 213010702 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213010702) , retrieved  16 December  2022
44. ** ^  ** Hendrickson, Chris T.; [ Lave, Lester B. ](/wiki/Lester_Lave "Lester Lave") ; Matthews, H. Scott (2010). [ "Hybrid LCA Analysis: Combining the EIO-LCA Approach . . . . . . . . ." ](https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781936331383-7/hybrid-lca-analysis-combining-eio-lca-approach-models-chris-hendrickson-lester-lave-scott-matthews) . _Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services_ . [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.4324/9781936331383 ](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781936331383) . [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 9781136525506  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136525506 "Special:BookSources/9781136525506") .
45. ** ^  ** Edelen, Ashley; Ingwersen, Wesley W. (April 2018). [ "The creation, management, and use of data quality information for life cycle assessment" ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5919259) . _The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment_ . **23** (4): 759–772. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/s11367-017-1348-1 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11367-017-1348-1) . [ PMC ](/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC \(identifier\)") [ 5919259 ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5919259) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 29713113 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29713113) .
46. ** ^  ** Laner, David; Feketitsch, Julia; Rechberger, Helmut; Fellner, Johann (October 2016). "A Novel Approach to Characterize Data Uncertainty in Material Flow Analysis and its Application to Plastics Flows in Austria: Characterization of Uncertainty of MFA Input Data". _Journal of Industrial Ecology_ . **20** (5): 1050–1063. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1111/jiec.12326 ](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjiec.12326) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 153851112 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153851112) .
47. ** ^  ** Weidema, Bo P. (1 September 1998). "Multi-user test of the data quality matrix for product life cycle inventory data". _The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment_ . **3** (5): 259–265. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1007/BF02979832 ](https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02979832) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 108821140 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:108821140) .
48. ** ^  ** Salemdeeb, Ramy; Saint, Ruth; Clark, William; Lenaghan, Michael; Pratt, Kimberley; Millar, Fraser (1 March 2021). [ "A pragmatic and industry-oriented framework for data quality assessment of environmental footprint tools" ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resenv.2021.100019) . _Resources, Environment and Sustainability_ . **3** : 100019. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100019 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resenv.2021.100019) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 233801297 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233801297) .
49. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ _**f** _ _**g** _ _**h** _ Hauschild, Michael Z.; Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Olsen, Stig Irving (2018). _Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice_ . Cham Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 168–187. [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-3-319-56474-6  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56474-6 "Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56474-6") .
50. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ _**f** _ _**g** _ _**h** _ Matthews, H. Scott, Chis T. Hendrickson, & Deanna H. Matthews (2014). _Life Cycle Assessment: Quantitative Approaches for Decisions that Matter_ . pp. 373–393.  ` {{ [ cite book ](/wiki/Template:Cite_book "Template:Cite book") }} ` : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( [ link ](/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list "Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list") )
51. ** ^  ** Pizzol, M.; Christensen, P.; Schmidt, J.; Thomsen, M. (1 April 2011). [ "Impacts of "metals" on human health: a comparison between nine different methodologies for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652610001800) . _Journal of Cleaner Production_ . **19** (6): 646–656. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.05.007 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2010.05.007) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0959-6526 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526) .
52. ** ^  ** Wu, You; Su, Daizhong (2020). _Review of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Methods and Inventory Databases_ . Springer. pp. 39–55. [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-3-030-39149-2  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-39149-2 "Special:BookSources/978-3-030-39149-2") .
53. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Lee, Kun-Mo; Inaba, Atsushi (2004). _Life Cycle Assessment: Best Practices of ISO 14040 Series_ . Committee on Trade and Investment. pp. 41–68.
54. ** ^  ** Rich, Brian D. (2015). Gines, J.; Carraher, E.; Galarze, J. (eds.). _Future-Proof Building Materials: A Life Cycle Analysis. Intersections and Adjacencies_ . Proceedings of the 2015 Building Educators' Society Conference. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah. pp. 123–130.  [ _[ full citation needed  ](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources