References  [  [ edit
](/w/index.php?title=Bioplastic&action=edit&section=28 "Edit section:
References") ]

1. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Rosenboom, Jan-Georg; Langer, Robert; Traverso, Giovanni (2022-02-20). [ "Bioplastics for a circular economy" ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8771173) . _Nature Reviews Materials_ . **7** (2): 117–137. [ Bibcode ](/wiki/Bibcode_\(identifier\) "Bibcode \(identifier\)") : [ 2022NatRM...7..117R ](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatRM...7..117R) . [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1038/s41578-021-00407-8 ](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41578-021-00407-8) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 2058-8437 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2058-8437) . [ PMC ](/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC \(identifier\)") [ 8771173 ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8771173) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 35075395 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35075395) .
2. ** ^  ** Walker, S.; Rothman, R. (2020-07-10). [ "Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620312051) . _Journal of Cleaner Production_ . **261** : 121158. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2020.121158) . [ hdl ](/wiki/Hdl_\(identifier\) "Hdl \(identifier\)") :  [ 10871/121758 ](https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F121758) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0959-6526 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 216414551 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216414551) .
3. ** ^  ** Pellis, Alessandro; Malinconico, Mario; Guarneri, Alice; Gardossi, Lucia (2021-01-25). [ "Renewable polymers and plastics: Performance beyond the green" ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678420301813) . _New Biotechnology_ . **60** : 146–158. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.003 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nbt.2020.10.003) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 1871-6784 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1871-6784) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 33068793 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33068793) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 224321496 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224321496) .
4. ** ^  ** Fredi, Giulia; Dorigato, Andrea (2021-07-01). [ "Recycling of bioplastic waste: A review" ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aiepr.2021.06.006) . _Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research_ . **4** (3): 159–177. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") :  [ 10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.006 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aiepr.2021.06.006) . [ hdl ](/wiki/Hdl_\(identifier\) "Hdl \(identifier\)") :  [ 11572/336675 ](https://hdl.handle.net/11572%2F336675) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 237852939 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237852939) .
5. ** ^  ** [ "Bioplastics (PLA) - World Centric" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20190309234733/http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics) . _worldcentric.org_ . Archived from [ the original ](http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics) on 2019-03-09  . Retrieved  2018-07-15  .
6. ** ^  ** Chinthapalli, Raj; Skoczinski, Pia; Carus, Michael; Baltus, Wolfgang; de Guzman, Doris; Käb, Harald; Raschka, Achim; Ravenstijn, Jan (2019-08-01). [ "Biobased Building Blocks and Polymers—Global Capacities, Production and Trends, 2018–2023" ](https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch) . _Industrial Biotechnology_ . **15** (4): 237–241. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch ](https://doi.org/10.1089%2Find.2019.29179.rch) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 1550-9087 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1550-9087) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 202017074 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202017074) .
7. ** ^  ** Vert, Michel (2012). [ "Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20150319032817/http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf) (PDF)  . _[ Pure and Applied Chemistry ](/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry "Pure and Applied Chemistry") _ . **84** (2): 377–410. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04 ](https://doi.org/10.1351%2FPAC-REC-10-12-04) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 98107080 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98107080) . Archived from [ the original ](http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf) (PDF)  on 2015-03-19  . Retrieved  2013-07-17  .
8. ** ^  ** [ "Consiglio dei Ministri conferma la messa al bando dei sacchetti di plastica non biodegradabili - Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare" ](http://www.minambiente.it/comunicati/consiglio-dei-ministri-conferma-la-messa-al-bando-dei-sacchetti-di-plastica-non) . _minambiente.it_ .
9. ** ^  ** Suszkiw, Jan (December 2005). [ "Electroactive Bioplastics Flex Their Industrial Muscle" ](https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec05/plastic1205.htm) . _News & Events _ . [ USDA ](/wiki/USDA "USDA") Agricultural Research Service  . Retrieved  2011-11-28  .
10. ** ^  ** Chen, G.; Patel, M. (2012). "Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: P technical and environmental review". _Chemical Reviews_ . **112** (4): 2082–2099. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1021/cr200162d ](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr200162d) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 22188473 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22188473) .
11. ** ^  ** Khwaldia, Khaoula; Elmira Arab-Tehrany; Stephane Desobry (2010). "Biopolymer Coatings on Paper Packaging Materials". _Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety_ . **9** (1): 82–91. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00095.x ](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1541-4337.2009.00095.x) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 33467805 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33467805) .
12. ** ^  ** [ "Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf) (PDF)  . Archived from [ the original ](https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf) (PDF)  on 2020-11-02  . Retrieved  2020-10-30  .
13. ** ^  ** [ Duurzame bioplastics op basis van hernieuwbare grondstoffen ](https://www.wur.nl/nl/Onderzoek-Resultaten/Onderzoeksinstituten/food-biobased-research/Oplossingen/Duurzame-bioplastics-op-basis-van-hernieuwbare-grondstoffen.htm)
14. ** ^  ** [ What are bioplastics? ](http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/)
15. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ [ Drop in bioplastics ](https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/08/28/drop-ins-bioplastics/)
16. ** ^  ** [ "Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf) (PDF)  . Archived from [ the original ](https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf) (PDF)  on 2020-11-02  . Retrieved  2020-10-30  .
17. ** ^  ** [ "Types of Bioplastic | InnovativeIndustry.net" ](http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic) . Retrieved  2020-07-11  .
18. ** ^  ** [ Make Potato Plastic! ](http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-Potato-Plastic!/) . Instructables.com (2007-07-26). Retrieved 2011-08-14.
19. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Liu, Hongsheng; Xie, Fengwei; Yu, Long; Chen, Ling; Li, Lin (2009-12-01). [ "Thermal processing of starch-based polymers" ](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670009000653) . _Progress in Polymer Science_ . **34** (12): 1348–1368. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.07.001 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.progpolymsci.2009.07.001) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0079-6700 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0079-6700) .
20. ** ^  ** Li, Ming; Liu, Peng; Zou, Wei; Yu, Long; Xie, Fengwei; Pu, Huayin; Liu, Hongshen; Chen, Ling (2011-09-01). [ "Extrusion processing and characterization of edible starch films with different amylose contents" ](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877411002196) . _Journal of Food Engineering_ . **106** (1): 95–101. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.021 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfoodeng.2011.04.021) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0260-8774 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0260-8774) .
21. ** ^  ** Liu, Hongsheng; Yu, Long; Xie, Fengwei; Chen, Ling (2006-08-15). [ "Gelatinization of cornstarch with different amylose/amylopectin content" ](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861706000506) . _Carbohydrate Polymers_ . **65** (3): 357–363. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.026 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.carbpol.2006.01.026) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0144-8617 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0144-8617) . [ S2CID ](/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID \(identifier\)") [ 85239192 ](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85239192) .
22. ** ^  ** Xie, Fengwei; Yu, Long; Su, Bing; Liu, Peng; Wang, Jun; Liu, Hongshen; Chen, Ling (2009-05-01). [ "Rheological properties of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios" ](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521009000083) . _Journal of Cereal Science_ . **49** (3): 371–377. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.002 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcs.2009.01.002) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0733-5210 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0733-5210) .
23. ** ^  ** Khalid, Saud; Yu, Long; Meng, Linghan; Liu, Hongsheng; Ali, Amjad; Chen, Ling (2017). "Poly(lactic acid)/starch composites: Effect of microstructure and morphology of starch granules on performance". _Journal of Applied Polymer Science_ . **134** (46): 45504. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1002/app.45504 ](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fapp.45504) .
24. ** ^  ** [ "Starch based Bioplastic Manufacturers and Suppliers" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20110814061041/http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/) . _bioplasticsonline.net_ . Archived from [ the original ](http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/) on August 14, 2011.
25. ** ^  ** Sherman, Lilli Manolis (1 July 2008). [ "Enhancing biopolymers: additives are needed for toughness, heat resistance & processability" ](https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability) . _Plastics Technology_ . [ Archived ](https://web.archive.org/web/20160417023038/https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability) from the original on 17 April 2016.
26. ** ^  ** [ "BASF announces major bioplastics production expansion" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122532/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/) . Archived from [ the original ](http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/) on 2012-03-31  . Retrieved  2011-08-31  .
27. ** ^  ** [ "Roquette, nouvel acteur sur le marché des plastiques, lance GAÏALENE®: une gamme innovante de plastique végétal" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122551/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/) . Archived from [ the original ](http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/) on 2012-03-31  . Retrieved  2011-08-31  .
28. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ Avérous, Luc; Pollet, Eric (2014), "Nanobiocomposites Based on Plasticized Starch", _Starch Polymers_ , Elsevier, pp. 211–239, [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/b978-0-444-53730-0.00028-2 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-444-53730-0.00028-2) , [ ISBN ](/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN \(identifier\)") [ 978-0-444-53730-0  ](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-53730-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-444-53730-0")
29. ** ^  ** Avant, Sandra (April 2017). [ "Better Paper, Plastics With Starch" ](https://web.archive.org/web/20181214152835/https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/) . USDA. Archived from [ the original ](https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/) on 2018-12-14  . Retrieved  2018-12-14  .
30. ** ^  ** Cate, Peter (January 2017). "Collaboration delivers better results". _Reinforced Plastics_ . **61** (1): 51–54. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.repl.2016.09.002 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.repl.2016.09.002) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0034-3617 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0034-3617) .
31. ** ^  ** Xie, Fengwei; Pollet, Eric; Halley, Peter J.; Avérous, Luc (2013-10-01). [ "Starch-based nano-biocomposites" ](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670013000439) . _Progress in Polymer Science_ . Progress in Bionanocomposites: from green plastics to biomedical applications. **38** (10): 1590–1628. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.002 ](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.progpolymsci.2013.05.002) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 0079-6700 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0079-6700) .
32. ** ^  ** Song, Na; Hou, Xingshuang; Chen, Li; Cui, Siqi; Shi, Liyi; Ding, Peng (2017-05-16). "A Green Plastic Constructed from Cellulose and Functionalized Graphene with High Thermal Conductivity". _ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces _ . **9** (21): 17914–17922. [ doi ](/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi \(identifier\)") : [ 10.1021/acsami.7b02675 ](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsami.7b02675) . [ ISSN ](/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN \(identifier\)") [ 1944-8244 ](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1944-8244) . [ PMID ](/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID \(identifier\)") [ 28467836 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28467836) .
33. ** ^  ** OBrien (February 2018). [ "That's a Wrap: Edible Food Wraps from ARS" ](https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2018/feb/wraps/