password is about to expire.
    
           **-x** , **--maxdays** _MAX_DAYS_
               Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid.
               After _MAX_DAYS_ , the password is required to be changed.
    
               Passing the number _-1_ as _MAX_DAYS_ will remove checking a
               password's validity.
    

##  CAVEATS  top

    
    
           Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user
           is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels
           comfortable with.
    
           Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS
           is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server.
    
           **passwd** uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their
           passwords.
    

##  FILES  top

    
    
           /etc/passwd
               User account information.
    
           /etc/shadow
               Secure user account information.
    
           /etc/pam.d/passwd
               PAM configuration for **passwd**.
    

##  EXIT VALUES  top

    
    
           The **passwd** command exits with the following values:
    
           _0_
               success
    
           _1_
               permission denied
    
           _2_
               invalid combination of options
    
           _3_
               unexpected failure, nothing done
    
           _4_
               unexpected failure, passwd file missing
    
           _5_
               passwd file busy, try again
    
           _6_
               invalid argument to option
    

##  SEE ALSO  top

    
    
           [chpasswd(8)](../man8/chpasswd.8.html), **makepasswd**(1), [passwd(5)](../man5/passwd.5.html), [shadow(5)](../man5/shadow.5.html), [usermod(8)](../man8/usermod.8.html).
    
           The following web page comically (yet correctly) compares the
           strength of two different methods for choosing a password:
           "https://xkcd.com/936/"
    

##  COLOPHON  top

    
    
           This page is part of the _shadow-utils_ (utilities for managing
           accounts and shadow password files) project.  Information about
           the project can be found at 
           â¨<https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow>â©.  If you have a bug
           report for this manual page, send it to
           pkg-shadow-devel@alioth-lists.debian.net.  This page was obtained
           from the project's upstream Git repository
           â¨<https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow>â© on 2023-12-22.  (At that
           time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
           repository was 2023-12-15.)  If you discover any rendering
           problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
           is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
           corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
           (which is _not_ part of the original manual page), send a mail to
           man-pages@man7.org
    
    shadow-utils 4.11.1            12/22/2023                      _PASSWD_(1)
    

* * *

Pages that refer to this page: [ ldappasswd(1) ](../man1/ldappasswd.1.html) ,
[ login(1) ](../man1/login.1.html) , [ login(1@@shadow-utils)
](../man1/login.1@@shadow-utils.html) , [ crypt(3) ](../man3/crypt.3.html) , [
pts(4) ](../man4/pts.4.html) , [ login.defs(5) ](../man5/login.defs.5.html) ,
[ passwd(5) ](../man5/passwd.5.html) , [ passwd(5@@shadow-utils)
](../man5/passwd.5@@shadow-utils.html) , [ shadow(5) ](../man5/shadow.5.html)
, [ chpasswd(8) ](../man8/chpasswd.8.html) , [ groupadd(8)
](../man8/groupadd.8.html) , [ groupdel(8) ](../man8/groupdel.8.html) , [
groupmems(8) ](../man8/groupmems.8.html) , [ groupmod(8)
](../man8/groupmod.8.html) , [ newusers(8) ](../man8/newusers.8.html) , [
useradd(8) ](../man8/useradd.8.html) , [ userdel(8) ](../man8/userdel.8.html)
, [ usermod(8) ](../man8/usermod.8.html)

* * *

* * *

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