ts) < wchar_t  > ::  state_type  >  
` std::u8streampos ` (C++20)  |  [ std::  fpos  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/fpos) < [ std::  char_traits  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/char_traits) < char8_t  > ::  state_type  >  
` std::u16streampos ` (C++11)  |  [ std::  fpos  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/fpos) < [ std::  char_traits  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/char_traits) < char16_t  > ::  state_type  >  
` std::u32streampos ` (C++11)  |  [ std::  fpos  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/fpos) < [ std::  char_traits  ](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/char_traits) < char32_t  > ::  state_type  >  
  
####  [ [ edit ](/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io&action=edit&section=6 "Edit
section: Error category interface") ]  Error category interface

Defined in header ` [ <ios> ](/w/cpp/header/ios "cpp/header/ios") `  
---  
[ io_errc  ](/w/cpp/io/io_errc "cpp/io/io errc") (C++11)  |  the IO stream error codes   
(enum)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_io_errc&action=edit)  
[ iostream_category  ](/w/cpp/io/iostream_category "cpp/io/iostream category") (C++11)  |  identifies the iostream error category   
(function)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_iostream_category&action=edit)  
  
###  [ [ edit ](/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/io&action=edit&section=7 "Edit
section: Print functions \(since C++23\)") ]  Print functions  (since C++23)

The Unicode-aware print-family functions that perform formatted I/O on text
that is already formatted. They bring all the performance benefits of  [
std::format ](/w/cpp/utility/format/format "cpp/utility/format/format") , are
locale-independent by default, reduce global state, avoid allocating a
temporary  [ std::string ](/w/cpp/string/basic_string "cpp/string/basic
string") object and calling  operator  << , and in general make formatting
more efficient compared to  iostreams  and  stdio  .

The following print-like functions are provided:

Defined in header ` [ <print> ](/w/cpp/header/print "cpp/header/print") `  
---  
[ print  ](/w/cpp/io/print "cpp/io/print") (C++23)  |  prints to  [ stdout ](/w/cpp/io/c/std_streams "cpp/io/c/std streams") or a file stream using [ formatted ](/w/cpp/utility/format "cpp/utility/format") representation of the arguments   
(function template)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_print&action=edit)  
[ println  ](/w/cpp/io/println "cpp/io/println") (C++23)  |  same as  std::print  except that each print is terminated by additional new line   
(function template)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_println&action=edit)  
[ vprint_unicode  ](/w/cpp/io/vprint_unicode "cpp/io/vprint unicode") (C++23)  |  prints to Unicode capable  [ stdout ](/w/cpp/io/c/std_streams "cpp/io/c/std streams") or a file stream using [ type-erased ](/w/cpp/utility/format/basic_format_args "cpp/utility/format/basic format args") argument representation   
(function)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_vprint_unicode&action=edit)  
[ vprint_nonunicode  ](/w/cpp/io/vprint_nonunicode "cpp/io/vprint nonunicode") (C++23)  |  prints to  [ stdout ](/w/cpp/io/c/std_streams "cpp/io/c/std streams") or a file stream using [ type-erased ](/w/cpp/utility/format/basic_format_args "cpp/utility/format/basic format args") argument representation   
(function)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/io/dsc_vprint_nonunicode&action=edit)  
Defined in header ` [ <ostream> ](/w/cpp/header/ostream "cpp/header/ostream")
`  
[ print  (std::ostream)  ](/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream/print "cpp/io/basic ostream/print") (C++23)  |  outputs [ formatted ](/w/cpp/utility/format "cpp/utility/format") representation of the arguments   
(function template)  [ [edit]
](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:cpp/