s, and the known  R
library trees. These are now dynamic variables which one can get or set using
` [ .dynLibs ](/link/.dynLibs?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` and ` [ .libPaths
](/link/.libPaths?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` , respectively.

` Machine() ` and ` Platform() ` were functions returning the variables ` [
.Machine ](/link/.Machine?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` and ` [ .Platform
](/link/.Platform?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` respectively.

` restart() ` should be replaced by ` try() ` , in preparation for an
exception-based implementation. If you use ` restart() ` in a way that cannot
be replaced with ` try() ` then ask for help on ` r-devel ` .

` printNoClass ` was in package  methods  and called directly the internal
function ` print.default ` .

` codes ` was almost always used inappropriately. To get the internal coding
of a factor, use ` unclass ` , ` as.vector ` or ` as.integer ` . For _ordered_
factors, ` codes ` was equivalent to these, but for _unordered_ factors it
assumed an alphabetical ordering of the levels in the locale in use.

` La.eigen ` has become the default for ` [ eigen
](/link/eigen?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` .

` tetragamma ` and ` pentagamma ` have been replaced by ` [ psigamma
](/link/psigamma?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` .

` package.description ` has been replaced by ` [ packageDescription
](/link/packageDescription?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` in package  utils  .

` loadURL ` has been superseded by ` [ load
](/link/load?package=base&version=3.6.2) (url()) ` .

` delay ` has been replaced by ` [ delayedAssign
](/link/delayedAssign?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` . Unevaluated promises
should never be visible.

` write.table0 ` was an  R  -level version of ` write.table ` provided for
temporary back-compatibility.

` format.char ` was an auxiliary function for ` [ formatC
](/link/formatC?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` whose functionality (and more)
is provided by ` [ format.default
](/link/format.default?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` .

` La.chol ` and ` La.chol2inv ` became the default methods for ` [ chol
](/link/chol?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` and ` [ chol2inv
](/link/chol2inv?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` .

Functions ` symbol.C ` and ` symbol.For ` were provided for historical
compatibility with S. ` symbol.C ` just returns its argument unchanged,
whereas ` symbol.For ` will map to lower case and append an underscore on
those platforms (almost all) which do so for Fortran symbols. These are no
longer of any use in  R  .

` unix ` was a _deprecated_ (since the 1990s) alternative to ` [ system
](/link/system?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` , available for backwards
compatibility with S.

` gammaCody ` was the \\((\Gamma)\\) function from the Specfun package used at
C level in the Bessel code. The  R  -level interface was here for experimental
purposes.

` manglePackageName ` was part of the defunct support for versioned installs.

` .Import ` , ` .ImportFrom ` , ` .Export ` and ` .S3method ` were part of an
experimental alternative way to specify namespaces.

` .First.lib ` was the load/attach hook for packages without namespaces: use `
[ .onLoad ](/link/.onLoad?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` or ` [ .onAttach
](/link/.onAttach?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` instead.

` mem.limits ` reported on the old-style limits on the number of cons cells
and size of the vector heap. These are no longer limited except by overall
memory limits.

` .readRDS ` and ` .saveRDS ` , were internal-only versions (and the only
versions available prior to  R  2.13.0) of ` [ .readRDS
](/link/.readRDS?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` and ` [ .saveRDS
](/link/.saveRDS?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` .

` Sys.putenv ` was a synonym for ` [ Sys.setenv
](/link/Sys.setenv?package=base&version=3.6.2) ` , deprecated since  R  2.5.0.

` real ` , ` as.real ` and ` is.real ` were long-deprecated synonyms for the `
double ` versions.

` .find.package ` and ` .path.package ` were internal-only versions prior to
R  2.13.0, and