1. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _  "  'A huge loss': Yonge Street van attack victim Amaresh Tesfamariam missed 'every day'  "  . _ Toronto.com  _ . Toronto, Ontario, Canada. November 12, 2021  . Retrieved  November 12,  2021  .
2. ** ^  ** Tait, Melissa.  "Toronto van attack: What we know about the lives lost, the suspect and more"  . _ The Globe and Mail  _ . Toronto  . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
3. ** ^  ** Austen, Ian; Stack, Liam (April 23, 2018).  "Toronto Van Plows Along Sidewalk, Killing 9 in 'Pure Carnage'  "  . _ The New York Times  _ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
4. ** ^  **  "Canada's Trudeau says security unchanged after Toronto van attack"  . _ France 24  _ . April 24, 2018  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
5. ** ^  **  "A Grim History of Mass Killings in Canada"  . _Toronto Star_ . April 24, 2018  . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  – via PressReader.com.
6. ** ^  **  "A history of violence on Canadian soil"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  November 1,  2018  .
7. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Madhani, Aamer; Bacon, John (April 24, 2018).  "Toronto van attack suspect Alek Minassian's Facebook account praised mass killer"  . _ USA Today  _ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
8. ** ^  ** Porter, Catherine (April 27, 2018).  "Eight of 10 Victims in Toronto Van Rampage Were Women"  . _New York Times_ . Retrieved  December 6,  2020  .
9. ** ^  ** Golding, Janice (November 4, 2021).  "  'It's so sad, heartbreaking': Nurse paralyzed after Toronto van attack dies"  . _ CTV News  _ . Toronto, Ontario, Canada  . Retrieved  November 4,  2021  .
10. ** ^  ** Gillis, Wendy; Powell, Betsy (April 25, 2018).  "Rampage victims mainly women"  . _ Toronto Star  _ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  – via www.pressreader.com.
11. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Wilson, Codi (March 26, 2020).  "Toronto van attack trial postponed again, Alek Minassian's lawyer confirms"  . _ CTV News  _ . Toronto  . Retrieved  March 26,  2020  .
12. ** ^  ** Gillies, Rob (March 3, 2021).  "Man who used van to kill 10 pedestrians in Toronto guilty"  . _ The Associated Press  _ . Retrieved  March 19,  2021  .
13. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ Rozdilsky, Jack L.; Snowden, Edward (March 4, 2021).  "Toronto van attack: Guilty verdict, but Canada still needs to tackle ideological violence"  . _ The Conversation  "The Conversation \(website\)") _ . Retrieved  March 19,  2021  .
14. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _  "  'These lives were precious': Toronto van attacker sentenced to life in prison"  . cp24.com. June 13, 2022.
15. ** ^  **  "9 dead, 16 injured after van strikes pedestrians in North York"  . _ CBC News  _ . April 23, 2018  . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
16. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Passifiume, Bryan; Connor, Kevin; Stevenson, Jane (April 23, 2018).  "10 dead, 15 wounded when van hits pedestrians near Yonge and Finch"  . _ Toronto Sun  _ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
17. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Kassam, Ashifa; Cecco, Leyland (April 23, 2018).  "Toronto incident: suspect in custody after van ploughs into crowd, killing nine"  . _ The Guardian  _ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
18. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ McLean, Jesse; Welsh, Moira; Palamarchuk, Andrew (April 23, 2018).  "10 dead, 15 hurt as van mows down pedestrians along Yonge St.; suspect named"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
19. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Ha, Tu Thanh; Gray, Jeff; Hayes, Molly (April 23, 2018).  "Massive investigation into Toronto van attack will shut down parts of Yonge Street for days"  . _The Globe and Mail_ . Toronto  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
20. ** ^  ** Hui, Ann; Friesen, Joe; Moore, Oliver; Norman, Heather (April 23, 2018).  "Twenty-five minutes of horror on Yonge Street: How the Toronto van attack unfolded"  . _The Globe and Mail_ . Retrieved  April 27,  2018  .
21. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _  "Sunnybrook receives injured from Yonge and Finch"  . _sunnybrook.ca_ . Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. April 23, 2018.
22. ** ^  ** Gillis, Wendy; Moon, Jenna (April 25, 2018).  "Arresting officer Ken Lam wonders: 'Did I make the right decision?'  "  . _Toronto Star_ .
23. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ Rocha, Veronica; Ries, Brian (April 23, 2018).  "Van strikes pedestrians in Toronto"  . _cnn.com_ .  CNN  . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
24. ** ^  ** Hayes, Molly; Friesen, Joe; Moore, Oliver (April 23, 2018).  "Ten people dead, 15 injured after van hits pedestrians in north Toronto"  . _The Globe and Mail_ . Toronto  . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
25. ** ^  ** Sabur, Rozina; Riley-Smith, Ben; Guly, Christopher; Crilly, Rob (April 23, 2018).  "Suspect named after van ploughs into pedestrians in Toronto leaving ten dead and 15 injured"  . _The Telegraph_ .  ISSN  "ISSN \(identifier\)")  0307-1235  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
26. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _  "What we know about Alek Minassian, alleged driver in deadly Toronto van attack"  . _CBC News_ . April 23, 2018  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
27. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Sanchez, Ray; Vera, Amir (April 25, 2018).  "These are the victims of the Toronto van attacks"  . _CNN_ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
28. ** ^  ** Gibson, Victoria (April 30, 2018).  "Andrea Bradden is remembered in communities across the GTA"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  May 3,  2018  .
29. ** ^  ** Gibson, Victoria (April 30, 2018).  "Geraldine Brady remembered as a 'lifelong friend' with a 'positive attitude and smile'  "  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  May 3,  2018  .
30. ** ^  ** Abedi, Maham (April 26, 2018).  "Toronto van attack victim identified as So He Chung, 22"  . _Global News_ . Retrieved  April 28,  2018  .
31. ** ^  ** Dangerfield, Katie (April 24, 2018).  "First of 10 victims killed in Toronto van attack identified as Anne Marie D'Amico"  . _Global News_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
32. ** ^  ** Agular, Bryann; Kerr, Jaren (May 2, 2018).  "Anne Marie D'Amico 'lived her life to the fullest,' brother says in eulogy"  . _ Toronto Star  _ . Retrieved  May 5,  2018  .
33. ** ^  ** Joseph, Rebecca (April 25, 2018).  "Betty Forsyth, 94-year-old woman who loved to feed the birds, named as victim in Toronto van attack"  . _Global News_ . Retrieved  April 28,  2018  .
34. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Wilson, Codi; Goodfield, Kayla (April 25, 2018).  "Three of ten victims killed in North York van attack identified"  . _CP24_ . Retrieved  April 28,  2018  .
35. ** ^  **  "All 10 of those killed in Toronto van attack identified"  . _CBC News_ .  CBC News  . April 27, 2018  . Retrieved  April 27,  2018  .
36. ** ^  ** Gibson, Victoria; Gordon, Andrea (April 24, 2018).  "Jordanian man confirmed dead in Toronto van rampage"  . _ Toronto Star  _ . Toronto, Ontario, Canada  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
37. ** ^  ** Mandel, Michele (April 24, 2018).  "Toronto van attack suspect charged with 10 counts of first-degree murder"  . _ Ottawa Sun  _ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
38. ** ^  ** Dempsey, Ann (May 11, 2018).  "  'I was like, how did he get a van?' Inside the life of Alek Minassian, the Toronto van rampage suspect no one thought capable of murder"  . _Toronto Star_ .
39. ** ^  **  _The Interrogation Tape of Alek Minassian_  (Interrogation footage). Event occurs at 17:02 – via  YouTube  . " I understand you were born in Canada." "Yes. "
40. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Powell, Betsy; Pagliaro, Jennifer; Gillis, Wendy (April 24, 2018).  "Most victims in van rampage on Yonge St. were women, police say"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  . " Minassian was ordered not to have contact with any of the 13 attempt murder victims and when asked if he understood, he sharply said, "Yes."  "
41. ** ^  ** Goodfield, Kayla; Wilson, Codi (April 23, 2018).  "Van attack that killed 10 people in North York was 'definitely deliberate': police"  . _ CP24  _ .
42. ** ^  ** Laidlaw, Katherine (April 22, 2019).  "The man behind the Yonge Street van attack"  . Toronto Life  . Retrieved  March 3,  2021  .
43. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Humphreys, Adrian; Edmiston, Jake (April 24, 2018).  "Toronto van attack suspect Alek Minassian's interest in 'incel' movement the latest sign of troubled life"  . _National Post_ .  Archived  from the original on April 27, 2018  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
44. ** ^  ** Bell, Stewart (April 25, 2018).  "  'He wasn't a terrorist': Those who knew Alek Minassian struggle to explain the Toronto van attack"  . _ Global News  _ .
45. ** ^  ** Agencies (April 24, 2018).  "Deadly Toronto van driver: What we know about Alek Minassian"  . _GulfNews_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
46. ** ^  ** Monsebraaten, Laurie (April 26, 2018).  "  'We're not a violent group of people': Ex-classmate of Alek Minassian speaks out about autism"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  September 16,  2018  .
47. ** ^  ** Grimaldi, Jeremy (April 24, 2018).  "Alleged attacker Alek Minassian may have mental health issues"  . _Richmond Hill Liberal_ . Metroland Media Group  . Retrieved  December 16,  2018  .
48. ** ^  ** Frisk, Adam (April 24, 2018).  "Toronto van attack: What we know about suspect Alek Minassian"  . _Global News_ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
49. ** ^  **  "Facebook post linked to Toronto van attack points to insular, misogynistic world of 'incels'  "  . _CBC_ . April 25, 2018  . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
50. ** ^  **  "Why some 'incels' are celebrating accused in Toronto van attack"  . _CBC_ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
51. ** ^  ** Koulouris, Theodore. "Online misogyny and the alternative right: debating the undebatable." Feminist Media Studies (2018): 1–12.
52. ** ^  ** Mezzofiore, Gianluca (April 25, 2018).  "The Toronto suspect apparently posted about an 'incel rebellion.' Here's what that means"  . _CNN_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  . " "Incel" is short for "involuntarily celibate." It's a movement made up almost entirely of men who claim they "can't have sex despite wanting to," according to incels.me "
53. ** ^  ** Daigle, Thomas (June 19, 2020).  "Canadians among most active in online right-wing extremism, research finds"  . _CBC News_ .
54. ** ^  ** Makuch, Ben.  "Exclusive: Toronto van attack suspect Alek Minassian was a member of the Canadian Army"  . _VICE News_ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
55. ** ^  ** Boyd, Brian (April 27, 2018).  "Pathological Incel misogyny and myth of male oppression"  . _The Irish Times_ .
56. ** ^  ** Wendling, Mike (April 24, 2018).  "What is an 'incel'?"  . _BBC News_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
57. ** ^  ** Beauchamp, Zack (April 25, 2018).  "Incel, the misogynist ideology that inspired the deadly Toronto attack, explained"  . _Vox_ . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
58. ** ^  ** Fox, Chris (April 24, 2018).  "Facebook post connected to van attack suspect's profile references 'Incel Rebellion'  "  . _CP24_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
59. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ O'Kane, Josh (April 24, 2018).  "Facebook post connected to suspect in van rampage cites 'incel rebellion'  "  . _The Globe and Mail_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
60. ** ^  ** Dickson, EJ (September 27, 2019).  "How the Toronto Van Attack Suspect Was Radicalized by Incels"  . _Rolling Stone_ . Retrieved  November 27,  2019  .
61. ** ^  **  "Elliot Rodger: How misogynist killer became 'incel hero'  "  . _BBC News_ . April 26, 2018  . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
62. ** ^  ** Yang, Jennifer; Campion-Smith, Bruce (April 25, 2018).  "Number cited in cryptic Facebook post matches Alek Minassian's military ID: Source"  . _Toronto Star_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
63. ** ^  ** Wilson, Codi (April 24, 2018).  "Suspect in Toronto van attack charged with 10 counts of first-degree murder, 13 counts of attempted murder"  . _CTV News_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
64. ** ^  ** Dube Dwilson, Stephanie (April 24, 2018).  "Alek Minassian's Parents & Family: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know"  . _Heavy.com_ . Retrieved  April 28,  2018  . " Alek's father, Vahe Minassian, was also there, sitting in the front row as the charges were read against his son. Vahe was stunned and cried inside the courtroom.  ... He told reporters that he had not spoken to his son, and he appeared heartbroken. "
65. ** ^  **  "Accused in van attack charged with 3 more counts of attempted murder"  . _CBC News_ . May 10, 2018.
66. ** ^  ** May 10, CBC News · Posted; May 10, 2018 4:00 AM ET | Last Updated.  "Accused in deadly Toronto van attack charged with 3 more counts of attempted murder | CBC News"  . _CBC_ . Retrieved  December 7,  2018  .  ` {{  cite web  }} ` : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (  link  )
67. ** ^  ** Canadian Press (January 31, 2019).  "Case of Toronto van attack accused Alek Minassian put over"  . Toronto Sun.
68. ** ^  **  "Toronto van attack trial for Alek Minassian to begin March 2, delayed due to 'red tape'  "  . globalnews.ca. December 16, 2019.
69. ** ^  **  "Murder trial for man accused in Toronto's van attack set for November"  . globalnews.ca. June 3, 2020.
70. ** ^  **  "Trial for man behind Toronto's van attack to be conducted over Zoom, judge says"  . cp24.com. October 28, 2020.
71. ** ^  **  "Alek Minassian says he's not criminally responsible for Toronto van attack"  . toronto.ctvnews.ca. November 10, 2020.
72. ** ^  **  "Toronto van attack: 'Incel' killer Minassian pleads not criminally responsible"  . _BBC News_ . November 10, 2020  . Retrieved  November 13,  2020  .
73. ** ^  **  "Alek Minassian's autism distorted his thinking 'in a way similar to psychosis' ahead of Yonge St. van attack, defence claims"  . _thestar.com_ . November 12, 2020  . Retrieved  November 13,  2020  .
74. ** ^  ** Casey, Liam (December 10, 2020).  "  'His goal was to be remembered forever,' psychiatrist says of van attack killer"  . _CBC News_ . The Canadian Press  . Retrieved  June 6,  2023  .
75. ** ^  ** Carter, Adam (March 3, 2021).  "Judge finds Toronto van attack killer guilty of murder"  . _ CBC News  _ . Retrieved  March 19,  2021  .
76. ** ^  **  "Alek Minassian found criminally responsible for Toronto van attack, guilty on all 26 counts"  . toronto.ctvnews.ca. March 3, 2021.
77. ** ^  **  "Court to wait until 2022 to sentence man who killed 10 people in Toronto van attack"  . _ Global News  _ .  The Canadian Press  . May 31, 2021  . Retrieved  August 13,  2021  .
78. ** ^  ** The Canadian Press (July 16, 2022). "Toronto van attacker seeks appeal for conviction of first-degree, attempted murder". _ The Globe and Mail  _ . p. A6.
79. ** ^  ** DeClerq, Katherine (April 23, 2018).  "Investigation into deadly van incident closes roads in North York"  . _ CP24  _ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
80. ** ^  ** Breen, Kerri (April 24, 2018).  "Toronto van attack: road closures remain in effect Tuesday morning"  . _Global News_ .
81. ** ^  ** Brewster, Murray (April 22, 2018).  "G7 ministers sit down in Toronto to a full plate of world troubles"  . _CBC News_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
82. ** ^  ** Brewster, Murray (April 24, 2018).  "G7 security ministers gathered in Toronto discuss 'soft targets' and online radicalization after van attack"  . _CBC News_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
83. ** ^  **  "2018 Public Report on the Terrorism Threat to Canada"  . _www.publicsafety.gc.ca_ . December 21, 2018  . Retrieved  June 16,  2020  .
84. ** ^  ** Humphreys, Adrian (June 21, 2019).  "Toronto Danforth mass shooter's long dark obsession with death, violence and 'incel' ideology"  . _National Post_ .
85. ** ^  ** News Staff (April 23, 2018).  "Security Heighten Outside Air Canada Centre Prior Maple Leafs Game"  . _680news.com_ .  680 News  "CFTR \(AM\)") . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
86. ** ^  ** 52 Division, Toronto Police Service (April 23, 2018).  "Air Canada Centre and Maple Leaf Square, Traffic restrictions and security enhancements"  . _torontopolice.on.ca_ (Press release). Toronto Police Service. Archived from  the original  on April 24, 2018  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .  ` {{  cite press release  }} ` : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (  link  )
87. ** ^  ** Nielsen, Kevin (April 23, 2018).  "Maple Leafs hold moment of silence for victims of Toronto van attack"  . _Global News_ . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
88. ** ^  ** Wilson, Codi (March 29, 2018).  "New security measures in place for Blue Jays' home opener"  . _cp24.com_ . CP24  . Retrieved  May 4,  2018  .
89. ** ^  **  "Blue Jays honour victims of deadly van attack with brief tribute"  . _toronto.ctvnews.ca_ . CTV News Toronto. April 24, 2018  . Retrieved  May 4,  2018  .
90. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ CTV News staff (April 23, 2018).  "Trudeau, Wynne react to Toronto van attack"  . _ CTV News  _ . Retrieved  April 23,  2018  .
91. ** ^  **  "  'Nobody's seen anything like this': 10 dead, 15 injured in north Toronto van ramming attack"  . CBC News. April 23, 2018  . Retrieved  March 3,  2021  .
92. ** ^  ** Kassam, Ashifa (April 26, 2018).  "Toronto police officer hailed as hero for arresting suspect without firing shot"  . _The Guardian_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
93. ** ^  ** Burman, Dilshad; Pereia, Diana (April 25, 2018).  "Arresting officer in Toronto van attack doesn't want to be called a hero"  . _City News_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
94. ** ^  ** Madhani, Aamer (April 26, 2018).  "Toronto cop who arrested van attack suspect without firing a shot insists he's no hero"  . _USA Today_ . Retrieved  April 26,  2018  .
95. ** ^  ** Abadi, Mahem (April 23, 2018).  "Toronto sign dimmed, flags lowered to honour victims of deadly van attack"  . _Global News_ .
96. ** ^  **  "Local resident starts memorial outside scene of van attack"  . _CityNews_ . April 23, 2018  . Retrieved  April 24,  2018  .
97. ** ^  ** Kennedy, Brendan (April 27, 2018).  "The day Yonge St. became a war zone: How the van rampage unfolded moment by moment"  . _Toronto Star_ .
98. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Brown, Ian (April 29, 2018).  "  'This is what large cities do with tragedy': Walking the route of the attack to understand Toronto's pain and healing"  . _The Globe and Mail_ . Retrieved  May 2,  2018  .
99. ** ^  ** DH Toronto staff.  "GoFundMe campaigns launch to raise funds for victims of Toronto van attack"  . _dailyhive.com_ .
100. ** ^  ** Saminather, Nichola (April 26, 2018).  "Canadian Muslim charities lead fundraising for Toronto van attack victims"  . _www.reuters.com_ .  Reuters  .