mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
PubMed Abstract

|  CrossRef Full Text 67177-2) |
 Google Scholar
TABLE 1
Applied Network Science
In Fig.  5  a, we observed that
in PG-1-A, the highest correlation was found in pairwise temporal proximity,
compared with the other two proximity measures. Meanwhile, in group PG-1-B,
spatio-temporal proximity scored the highest correlation, indicating that
spatial context could better describe the accessibility among children of this
group. In addition, the average correlation is higher in PG-1-A compared with
PG-1-B among all proximity measures. This could be because of the smaller
group size in PG-1-A. Overall, there is a positive correlation between the
proximity measures of children from the same group and a negative correlation
among children from different groups, except in the temporal proximity of
PG-1-B, where the average cross-group correlation is higher than the inter-
group correlation in the boxplot. This is also illustrated in Fig.  4
 a, where several negative
correlations (cells in blue) were observed among children in PG-1-B.
Nonetheless, no pronounced patterns between in-degree and out-degree proximity
were found in this playgroup.
4. Sarah Giest
2. Mitra Baratchi
As described in Table  3  ,
Child-A has the lowest  \\(S_{in}\\)  : during time points when the child was
available (i.e., T1, T2, and T3), all other peers were in the same spot
(sandpit) and could access the child with a short distance to travel.
Meanwhile, Child-D got the highest  \\(S_{in}\\)  because the child was only
available at T2 and T6, and if anyone wanted to reach Child-D after T2, they
had to pass a long spatio-temporal route (i.e., temporally from T2 to T6, and
spatially to the entrance) in order to find the child at the Entrance on T6.
Regarding the  \\(S_{out}\\)  , Child-A has the highest score because some
peers were not presented at T2 and T3 in the sandpit. Therefore, the child had
to wait and reach them in different locations. In contrast, Child-B could more
easily access peers (lowest  \\(S_{out}\\)  ) because the child was present
across recess time in different locations. Thus, our proposed metric
quantifies accessibility by unifying the spatial and temporal dimension of
interactions, and provides unique knowledge on how individuals and their
networks utilize the spatial environment to make contacts over time.
Rodney M. Schmaltz  ,
MacEwan University, Canada
##  Personal Involvement
##  Video release
The layer containing traced proximity events.
On June 13, 2018, the #TorontoStrong's volunteer steering committee announced
the appointment of former Toronto mayor  Barbara Hall
 "Barbara Hall \(politician\)") as fund
administrator. She was tasked with distributing the money raised for the
victims and survivors.  [107]
*  Spatio-temporal graph 
*  Wearables 
*  Social network
1. 1\.
##  Airstrike and death
|  Long
PubMed Abstract

|  CrossRef Full Text  |
 Google Scholar
##  Cause-Outcome Coincidences
##  Victims
In designing the hierarchical clustering algorithm, three different linkage
methods, including _complete_ , _average_ , and _average group_ , was
investigated to understand how different strategies in creating the linkage
matrix impact the performance of the clustering algorithm. In short, the
‘complete’ linkage method defines the distance between two groups as the
distance between the most distant pair of points, while the ‘average’ defines
this distance as the average pairwise distance between data points in two
groups, and ‘average group’ defines it as the average pairwise distance
between all data points when two groups are merged. Moreover, the correlation
distance was used to ensure that the clustering algorithm considered the
strength and direction of the correlations between variables. The ‘maxclust’
was selected as the criterion, which finds a minimum threshold to ensure the
cophenetic distance between any two original points in the same flat cluster
is no greater than the threshold, and no greater than _t_ flat clusters are
formed. Since the number of clusters was unknown, the optimum value of _t_ was
chosen based on the result of clustering performance, using the Silhouette
coefficient score (Rousseeuw  1987

Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster
analysis. J Comput Appl Math 20:53–65") ) on the range of  \\(t \in [2, N]\\)
, in which _N_ is the total number of data points. This range was chosen based
on the assumption that there were at least two clusters in a playgroup, and
that, in the worst-case scenario, there was no child in the same cluster with
peers. Since ‘complete’ linkage, on average, performed slightly better than
the other two linkage methods (as shown in Table  5
 ), this linkage matrix was used
to obtain the optimum number of clusters. Figure  2
 shows results for both
playgroups. Based on these figures, the ‘maxclust’ was selected as 4 for all
proximity measures in PG-1 and  \\([G = 3, P = 9, S = 7]\\)  for PG-2 based on
the maximum Silhouette coefficient score.
Feedback on this topic?
We further quantified and visualized the results of these heatmaps using the
box plots to better understand the relations in each playgroup. Figure  5
 shows the box plot of inter-group
and cross-group correlation of the results per proximity measure in both
playgroups.
Correspondence to  Carolien Rieffe  .
CrossRef Full Text 80006-6) | 
Google Scholar
Figure  5  b shows that in PG-2,
the positive and negative correlations are more uniformly distributed across
inter-groups and cross-groups pairs. Yet, in all three groups (A, B, and C)
and across all proximity measures, the average inter-group correlation is
higher than the cross-group measures. This means that, in general, children
are more accessible by peers from the same group, and it is easier to access
peers from the same group in all three dimensions of geodesic, temporal, and
spatio-temporal proximity. Yet, some children appear as outliers, not
following the general pattern in the heatmap visualizations (e.g., A4 and B11
in PG-1, A3 and C14 in PG-2, as illustrated in Fig.  4
 ).
output_name
*  Addictive Behaviors 
*  Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience 
*  Cognition 
*  Cognitive Science 
*  Comparative Psychology 
*  Consciousness Research 
*  Cultural Psychology 
*  Decision Neuroscience 
*  Developmental Psychology 
*  Eating Behavior 
*  Educational Psychology 
*  Emotion Science 
*  Environmental Psychology 
*  Evolutionary Psychology 
*  Forensic and Legal Psychology 
*  Health Psychology 
*  Media Psychology 
*  Mindfulness 
*  Movement Science 
*  Neuropsychology 
*  Organizational Psychology 
*  Pediatric Psychology 
*  Perception Science 
*  Performance Science 
*  Personality and Social Psychology 
*  Positive Psychology 
*  Psycho-Oncology 
*  Psychology for Clinical Settings 
*  Psychology of Aging 
*  Psychology of Language 
*  Psychopathology 
*  Quantitative Psychology and Measurement 
*  Sport Psychology 
*  Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology
# Import system modules
import arcpy
To better understand these two temporal metrics, we calculated them in the
playground example presented in the Introduction (see Fig.  1
 ). Tables  1
 and  2
 show the result of average
geodesic proximity and average temporal proximity, respectively. The results
demonstrate that, despite the static measures, Child-A and Child-B have
different _in_ and _out_ measures (both geodesic and temporal). Child-A has
the lowest  \\(G_{in}\\)  and  \\(P_{in}\\)  as all peers find the child
shortly at the start of the break, and the highest  \\(G_{out}\\)  due to its
absence in communication during the second half of the break. This might be
because the child is more involved in solitary games rather than being with
peers during recess. The lowest values belong to Child-B in both
\\(G_{out}\\)  and  \\(P_{out}\\)  because Child-B accessed peers across the
break and interacted with all peers.
The literature has already documented the importance of considering spatial
context when examining social networks. Several studies have examined the
effect of environments on human behavior, for example, the impact of physical
and social environments of neighborhoods on child and family well-being
(Franzini et al.  2009  Influences of physical and social
neighborhood environments on children’s physical activity and obesity. Am J
Public Health 99\(2\):271–278") ), the impact of office design on employee’s
office usage and social interactions (Montanari et al.  2017
 Detecting emerging activity-based working traits
through wearable technology. In: Proceedings of the international conference
\(ACM\) on interactive, mobile, wearable and ubiquitous technologies \(vol 1,
issue 3, pp 1–24\)") ), and the impact of schoolyard design on children’s
movement and their social behavior (Nasri et al.  2022
 A novel data-driven
approach to examine children’s movements and social behaviour in schoolyard
environments. Children 9\(8\):1177") ). In fact, including the spatial element
of social networks enables us to understand better how the physical
environment impacts individuals’ behavior (Chaix  2020
 How daily
environments and situations shape behaviors and health: momentary studies of
mobile sensing and smartphone survey data. Health Place 61:102241") ) and how
users utilize the environment to interact with their network.
TraceProximityEvents (stand-alone script)
The data presented in this study are openly available in a public repository:
 https://doi.org/10.34894/ZCPXDW
max_trace_depth
1km
0.6miles
|  Time Unit
*  About 
*  Articles 
*  Collections 
*  Submission Guidelines 
*  Submit manuscript
###  Evaluation metrics
##  Life and career
Article   MathSciNet
  MATH
  Google Scholar
Died  |  (  2007-07-12  )  July 12, 2007 (aged 40)
_** July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike transcript
 ** _
CrossRef Full Text  |
 Google Scholar
Show map of Canada
Cause of death  |   30 mm   armor-piercing shell

Occupation(s)  |  Driver and camera assistant
Employer  |   Reuters 
Children  |  4
Attack location
Criminal penalty  |   Life imprisonment  with the possibility of  parole  in 25
years
Military career
Service/  branch  |   Canadian Army 
Years of service  |  0 (released before any training took place)
Rank  |   Private (basic)  "Private \(rank\)")
 Service number  |  C23249161
Sarah Giest
Yung-Ting Tsou
The NetworkX module was used to execute social network analysis, and Dijkstra
shortest-path algorithm (Dijksta  1959
 A note on
two problems in connexion with graphs. Numer Math 1\(1\):269–271") ) was used
for the calculation of proximity metrics (i.e., geodesic, temporal, and
spatio-temporal proximity) on the spatio-temporal graph. The SciPy and Scikit
Learn packages were used to perform clustering tasks and evaluate their
performance, respectively. Hierarchical clustering (Müllner  2011
 Modern
hierarchical, agglomerative clustering algorithms. arXiv preprint
Attribute Match Criteria
101. ** ^  ** Jones, Alexandra (April 26, 2018).  "#TorontoStrong Fund raises more than $893,000 in first 48 hours"  . _ Toronto Star  _ .
102. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Wilson, Codi (April 25, 2018).  "City of Toronto to hold vigil for victims of van attack"  . _cp24.com_ . CP24.
103. ** ^  ** Wilson, Codi (April 25, 2018).  "Latest van attack victim identified as single mom originally from Sri Lanka"  . _cp24.com_ . CP24.
104. ** ^  ** Pagliaro, Jennifer; Mendleson, Rachel (April 29, 2018).  "  'It hasn't broken us' — #TorontoStrong vigil filled with messages of grief and resilience"  . _Toronto Star_ .
105. ** ^  **  "Trudeau, Couillard join thousands in remembering victims at Toronto Vigil"  . _CTV News Montreal_ . The Canadian Press. April 29, 2018.
106. ** ^  **  "Toronto plans permanent memorial for victims of deadly van attack"  . _The Globe and Mail_ . June 3, 2018  . Retrieved  June 7,  2018  .
107. ** ^  ** Martinelli, Andrea (June 13, 2018).  "#TorontoStrong Fund names former Mayor Barbara Hall as administrator"  (Press release).  City of Toronto  . Archived from  the original  on June 22, 2018  . Retrieved  June 22,  2018  .
108. ** ^  **  "#TorontoStrong Fund distributed to victims and families of Yonge Street van attack and the Danforth shooting"  . _toronto.ca_ (Press release). City of Toronto. December 7, 2018.
109. ** ^  **  "Polytechnique massacre remembered in Montreal"  . _CBC News_ . December 6, 2017  . Retrieved  April 25,  2018  .
_Silhouette score_ (Rousseeuw  1987

Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster
analysis. J Comput Appl Math 20:53–65") ) indicates how well clusters are
separated from each other. This metric is defined as follows:
|  Record Set
##  The Cost of Action—Secondary Effects
* Müllner D (2011) Modern hierarchical, agglomerative clustering algorithms. arXiv preprint  arXiv:1109.2378
*  العربية  
*  Беларуская (тарашкевіца)  ")
*  Deutsch  
*  مصرى  
*  Português
1. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _  "Namir Noor-Eldeen and Saeed Chmagh"  . _The Baron_ . Archived from  the original  on 2010-04-09  . Retrieved  2010-04-06  .
2. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _ _**f** _ Booth, Jenny (2010-04-06).  "Profiles: Iraq journalists killed by US gunships"  . _ Times Online  _ . Retrieved  2010-04-06  .
3. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ "Photographer killed in Iraq". _British Journal of Photography_ . July 18, 2007.
4. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ Tyson, Ann Scott (September 15, 2009).  "Military's Killing of 2 Journalists in Iraq Detailed in New book"  . _ The Washington Post  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
5. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ Kiss, Jemima (July 12, 2007).  "Reuters staff killed in Iraq"  . _ The Guardian  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
6. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _  Rubin, Alissa J.  (July 13, 2007).  "2 Iraqi Journalists Killed as U.S. Forces Clash With Militias"  . _ The New York Times  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
7. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ _**d** _ _**e** _  Bumiller, Elisabeth  (April 5, 2010).  "Video Shows American Killing of Photographer"  . _ The New York Times  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
8. ** ^  ** Franke-Ruta, Garance (April 5, 2010).  "Web site releases video of Baghdad attack that killed 2 journalists"  . _ The Washington Post  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
9. ** ^  ** Booth, Jenny (6 April 2010).  "Profiles: Iraq journalists killed by US gunships"  . _ The Times  _ .  Times Newspapers Limited  . Retrieved  13 April  2019  .
10. ** ^  **  McGreal, Chris  (April 5, 2010).  "Wikileaks reveals video showing US air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians"  . _ The Guardian  _ . Retrieved  April 5,  2010  .
11. ** ^  ** Goodman, Amy (2010-04-06).  "Massacre Caught on Tape: US Military Confirms Authenticity of Their Own Chilling Video Showing Killing of Journalists"  . _Democracy Now_ . Retrieved  2010-04-07  .
12. ** ^  ** "Iraqi doctor working for Danish NGO killed". _ The Peninsula  "The Peninsula \(newspaper\)") _ . July 13, 2007.
* 1329  Accesses
Article   MathSciNet
  Google Scholar
An example of trace events
(orange circles) and tracks (red circles) is shown.
arXiv:1802.00386
|  Feature Set
tracks_layer  |
2.  https://doi.org/10.34894/ZCPXDW  .
Dialog  Python
##  The Probability of the Outcome
Memorial scene in
Mel Lastman Square, April 27, 2018  .jpg)
#Torontostrong vigil in Mel Lastman Square, April 29, 2018
*  Costa Mesa  (May 1999)
*  Collateral Murder  – WikiLeaks-owned alternate site, includes full footage of the video as originally released
*   Wikileaks releases classified 2007 video showing killing of civilians by U.S. helicopter in Iraq  at  Wikinews 
*  Massacre Caught on Tape: US Military Confirms Authenticity  – video report by _ Democracy Now!  _
[entities_interest_ids,...]
*  1967 births 
*  2007 deaths 
*  2000s in mass media 
*  2010s in mass media 
*  People of the Iraq War 
*  Journalists killed while covering the Iraq War 
*  Reuters people 
*  Photojournalism controversies 
*  Filmed killings 
*  Deaths by American airstrikes
"2018 Toronto attack" redirects here. For the mass shooting in July, known
locally as the Danforth shooting, see  2018 Toronto shooting
 .
[ flist ](flisting.htm)
1980s  |
> Private (Recruit) Minassian Infantry 00010, wishing to speak to Sgt 4chan
> please. C23249161. The Incel Rebellion has already begun! We will overthrow
> all the Chads and Stacys! All hail the Supreme Gentleman  Elliot Rodger
>  !  [7]  [54]
#  Saeed Chmagh
**Fig. 5**
##  How to Assess the Illusion
* This page was last edited on 13 February 2024, at 20:13  (UTC)  .
* Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0   ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the  Terms of Use  and  Privacy Policy  . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the  Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  , a non-profit organization.
_GPS locations_ : The GPS logger(i-gotU GT-120 USB) recorded location
coordinates in Longitude and Latitude per second. The GPS locations were
converted afterward to Cartesian space and merged with proximity contacts to
obtain the location of interactions. As suggested in the literature (Clevenger
et al.  2022  Using linked accelerometer and GPS data for
characterizing children’s schoolyard physical activity: an overview of hot
spot analytic decisions with reporting guidelines. Spat Spatio-temporal
Epidemiol 100548") ; Schneider et al.  2019
 Deprivation amplification due to structural
disadvantage? Playgrounds as important physical activity resources for
children and adolescents. Public Health 168:117–127") ; Heravi et al.  2018
 Playground social interaction analysis using bespoke
wearable sensors for tracking and motion capture. In: Proceedings of the 5th
international conference on movement and computing \(pp 1–8\)") ), we adopted
Euclidean distance to examine the spatial distances between temporal nodes (
\\(w_s\\)  in Eq.  5  ). In our
study, it was assumed that children in face-to-face contact are almost in the
same location, to use the data more efficiently. Therefore, the available GPS
data of one of the pairs in interaction was used for the other, in case the
GPS data were missed. In addition, a 10-second window was used to search for
the location of individuals in an interaction, and the median values were used
to report the location coordinates at the given time. This merged data was
used in our analysis to create the spatio-temporal graph.
###   Special Issue of the 11th International Conference on Complex Networks
and their Applications
##  Legal proceedings
The impact of available play structures was even more evident in PG-2. In Fig.
 7  , hierarchical clustering of
pairwise spatio-temporal proximity identified seven clusters. In _Cluster 2_ ,
with the most members, children often had face-to-face contact with peers
around the play structures. This could, for instance, be due to using several
play structures during the break (e.g., climbing frame, bench, and bar fixes)
or being involved in an active game that required movements. Thus, the highly
supplied area by the play structures attracted more children, and more
conscious or unconscious contacts happened in this cluster. _Cluster 1_ and
_Cluster 3_ belong to children who stayed around and in the climbing frame to
climb, chat, or to simply observe other peers. The use of space as influenced
by a specific play structure was also observed in _Cluster 5_ and _Cluster 6_
, where the football field and the attached structures (i.e., table tennis,
rolling game, and bar fix) were located. A higher number of clusters in this
playgroup, compared with PG-1, occurred due to a higher number of participants
in PG-2; more extensive physical space provided to this playgroup during
recess; and differences in their age group, as senior grades tend to have more
group-oriented activities, such as talking on a bench or table tennis,
compared with junior grades.
Coordinates  :   33°18′49″N  44°30′43″E  ﻿ / ﻿  33.3137°N 44.512°E  ﻿ /  33.3137;
44.512  ﻿ (  Airstrike of 2007-07-12  )
Table  5  shows the results of
the clustering performance task using Silhouette, Calinski–Harabasz, and
Davies-Bouldin scores in clustering CCM of pairwise relation. In pairwise
relations of PG-1, the geodesic proximity and temporal proximity obtained
slightly higher Silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz scores, and lower
Davies–Bouldin scores than spatio-temporal proximity in the three linkage
matrices. The superiority of geodesic and temporal proximity might be due to
the fact that most children in PG-1 played with bikes across the playground,
according to the field observations during the data collection. This activity
uniformly increased face-to-face contact with all other children across the
playground, thereby making them uniformly accessible. Therefore, pairwise
spatial proximity might not be influential in describing pairwise proximity
for PG-1. Meanwhile, in the senior group, PG-2, our proposed spatio-temporal
measure and temporal measure identified clusters with higher quality than
geodesic proximity by obtaining higher Silhouette and Calinski-Harabasz
scores. Whilst the result was not consistent for Davies-Bouldin scores. This
competitive result in temporal and spatio-temporal metrics indicat that, in
addition to focusing on the temporal context, including the spatio-temporal
contexts of interactions contributed on describing children’s social behavior
and their position in the social network in PG-2. The availability of a larger
playground area, the tendency to play in group settings in certain areas in
senior groups, and more interest in stationary activities such as sitting and
chatting with peers might be the reasons why the spatial context provided a
positive impact on the performance of the clustering algorithm of this
playgroup, compared with PG-1.
On July 12, 2007, after several skirmishes in the area, two American  AH-64
Apache  helicopters observed a group of
people milling around on a street in Baghdad. Believing the group to be the
armed  Iraqi insurgents  "Iraqi
insurgency \(2003–2011\)") who earlier engaged U.S. soldiers nearby, the
Apache fired on them.  [4]  [7]  [10]  About 5 minutes later an unmarked black
van arrived, owned by a man who was taking his son to school. Two other men
arrived and assisted the severely-injured Chmagh (who was at that moment
engaged in dragging himself over the ground in order to reach cover) and
carried him to the van. The observing helicopter crews requested and received
permission to engage, before they opened fire on the van and its occupants.
Two young children in the van were severely wounded by the shooting.  [11]
Chmagh, and Reuters photojournalist, his long-time friend Namir Noor-Eldeen,
[2]  [6]  were among those killed in the attacks.  [7]  Chmagh was 40 years
old at the time of his death.  [5]  Chmagh and Noor-Eldeen were the fifth and
sixth Reuters employees killed in Iraq since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion began.
[12]  The Army's report includes pictures of various weapons found near the
bodies at the scene.  [7]
distance_method
*  City of Toronto – Yonge Street Incident   Archived  April 25, 2018, at the  Wayback Machine 
*  Toronto Police – Yonge-Finch Investigation
####  Clustering performance evaluation
Learn more about creating a big data file share through Server Manager
Recently, interest has been growing in areas related to the adoption of deep
neural network models to generate spatio-temporal features in varied
applications. These include crowd flow prediction (Wang et al.  2018
 Crowd flow prediction by deep spatio-temporal transfer
learning. arXiv preprint
Following the attack, a  Facebook  post made by
Minassian was uncovered in which he identified himself as an  incel
 ("involuntary celibate").  [26]  [50]  The state of
involuntary celibacy refers to being unable to find sexual partners  [51]  and
its subculture consists of primarily male online communities.  [52]  [53]  The
post, dated shortly before the beginning of the attack on April 23, allegedly
read:
**Saeed Chmagh** (  Arabic  :  سعيد
شماغ  ) (January 1, 1967 – July 12, 2007)  [1]  was an  Iraqi  employed by  Reuters   news agency
 as a driver and camera assistant.  [1]  [2]
He was killed,  [3]  along with his colleague  Namir Noor-Eldeen
 ,  [4]  by American military
forces in the  New Baghdad  district of 
Baghdad, Iraq  , during  an airstrike
on July 12, 2007  .  [1]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]  [7]  [8]
3. 3\.