mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
Their paper demonstrated that there could be a  generative model
 of a scene (top-down processing),
which would receive feedback via error signals (how much the visual input
varied from the prediction), which would subsequently lead to updating the
prediction. The computational model was able to replicate well-established
receptive field effects, as well as less understood extra-classical receptive
field effects such as  end-stopping  .

In 2004,  [7]  Rick Grush proposed a model of neural perceptual processing
according to which the brain constantly generates predictions based on a
generative model (what Grush called an ‘emulator’), and compares that
prediction to the actual sensory input. The difference, or ‘sensory residual’
would then be used to update the model so as to produce a more accurate
estimate of the perceived domain. On Grush’s account, the top-down and bottom
up signals would be combined in a way sensitive to the expected noise (aka
uncertainty) in the bottom-up signal, so that in situations in which the
sensory signal was known to be less trustworthy, the top-down prediction would
be given greater weight, and vice-versa. The emulation framework was also
shown to be hierarchical, with modality-specific emulators providing top-down
expectations for sensory signals as well as higher-level emulators providing
expectations of the distal causes of those signals. Grush applied the theory
to visual perception, visual and motor imagery, language, and theory of mind
phenomena.

Today, the fields of computer science and cognitive science incorporate these
same concepts to create the multilayer generative models that underlie machine
learning and neural nets.  [8]
*  Harbaville Triptych 
*  Lampsacus Treasure
##  About Josh Kaufman
Applied
psychology  |
Lost works  |
#  What Is 'Convergence and Divergence'?
###  Properties
*  VIAF 
*  2
###  Use in contemporary social psychology
Spanish  |
Main article:  Mona Lisa (Prado's version)
 "Mona Lisa \(Prado's version\)")
*  Albani lion 
*  Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus 
*  Antinous Mondragone 
*  Antioch mosaics 
*  Apollo Belvedere 
*  Apollo of Mantua 
*  Apollo of Piombino 
*  Apollo Sauroctonos 
*  Ares Borghese 
*  Athena of Velletri 
*  Barberini ivory 
*  Borghese Collection 
*  Borghese Gladiator 
*  Borghese Vase 
*  Borghese Venus 
*  Boscoreale Treasure 
*  Cupid and Psyche  "Cupid and Psyche \(Capitoline Museums\)")
*  Diana of Gabii 
*  Diana of Versailles 
*  Dinos of the Gorgon Painter 
*  Dying Gaul 
*  Eurytios Krater 
*  Furietti Centaurs 
*  Gladiator Mosaic 
*  Hera Borghese 
*  Hercules and the lion of Nemea  "Hercules and the lion of Nemea \(Louvre Museum, L 31 MN B909\)")
*  Judgement of Paris (mosaic)  "Judgement of Paris \(mosaic\)")
*  Lady of Auxerre 
*  Las Incantadas 
*  Marcellus as Hermes Logios
##  Theoretical framework and methodology
*  Home 
*  Publications 
*  Blog 
*  Contact 
*  Search
Several grouping principles are employed in this map: similarity
allows the reader to selectively isolate cities, rivers, or state boundaries;
closure allows the dashed boundary lines to be perceived as continuous
borders; proximity makes the collection of river segments appear as a single
watershed; and continuity helps the reader "see" whole states even when
boundaries are obscured under rivers.
Print   Kindle   Audio   Get
the audio free
Gestalt  psychologists  attempted to
discover refinements of the law of _Prägnanz_ , which involved writing down 
laws  "Law \(principle\)") that predict the
interpretation of sensation.  [34]  Wertheimer defined a few principles that
explain the ways humans perceive objects based on similarity, proximity, and
continuity.  [35]
The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of
the _Mona Lisa_ was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie
Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries
of the  Musée Napoléon  .
The work involved cleaning with spirits, touch-up of colour, and revarnishing
the painting. In 1906, Louvre restorer Eugène Denizard performed watercolour
retouches on areas of the paint layer disturbed by the crack in the panel.
Denizard also retouched the edges of the picture with varnish, to mask areas
that had been covered initially by an older frame. In 1913, when the painting
was recovered after its theft, Denizard was again called upon to work on the
_Mona Lisa_ . Denizard was directed to clean the picture without  solvent
 , and to lightly touch up several scratches to the
painting with watercolour. In 1952, the varnish layer over the background in
the painting was evened out. After the second 1956 attack, restorer Jean-
Gabriel Goulinat was directed to touch up the damage to _Mona Lisa_ '  s left
elbow with watercolour.  [75]
The  title of the painting  , which is
known in English as _Mona Lisa_ , is based on the presumption that it depicts
 Lisa del Giocondo  , although
her likeness is uncertain.  Renaissance 
art historian  Giorgio Vasari  wrote
that "  Leonardo  undertook to
paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife."  [17]
[18]  [19]  _Monna_ in Italian is a polite form of address originating as  _ma
donna_ —similar to _Ma'am_ , _Madam_ , or _ my lady  _ in English. This became  _ madonna  "Madonna
\(art\)") _ , and its contraction  _monna_ . The title of the painting, though
traditionally spelled _Mona_ in English, is spelled in Italian as _Monna Lisa_
( _ mona  _ being a
vulgarity in Italian), but this is rare in English.  [20]  [21]
|   Near East 
and Middle East  |
##  Questions About 'Convergence and Divergence'
* _ Mona Lisa  "Mona Lisa \(opera\)") _ (1915 opera)
* "  Mona Lisa  "Mona Lisa \(Nat King Cole song\)") " (1950 song)
* "  Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile  " (1984 song)
* "  Lisa Mona Lisa  " (1988 song)
* "  The Ballad of Mona Lisa  " (2011 song)
* "  The Mona Lisa  "The Mona Lisa \(song\)") " (2013 song)
* _ In Search of Mona Lisa  _ (2019 EP)
_ Hermitage Mona Lisa  "Mona Lisa
\(Hermitage\)") _
After the French Revolution, the painting was moved to the Louvre, but spent a
brief period in the bedroom of  Napoleon  (d.
1821) in the  Tuileries Palace  .
[85]  The _Mona Lisa_ was not widely known outside the art world, but in the
1860s, a portion of the French intelligentsia began to hail it as a masterwork
of Renaissance painting.  [86]  During the  Franco-Prussian War
 (1870–1871), the painting
was moved from the Louvre to the  Brest Arsenal  .  [87]
The principle of  psychophysical   isomorphism
 "Isomorphism \(Gestalt
psychology\)") hypothesizes that there is a  correlation  between conscious experience and  cerebral  activity.  [16]
See also  

*  Blue Brain Project 
*  Cognitive biology 
*  Cognitive linguistics 
*  Cognitive neuropsychology 
*  Cognitive neuroscience 
*  Cognitive science 
*  Conceptual blending 
*  Conceptual metaphor 
*  Cortical column 
*  Embodied bilingual language 
*  Embodied cognitive science 
*  Embodied Embedded Cognition 
*  Embodied music cognition 
*  Enactivism 
*  Extended cognition 
*  Extended mind thesis 
*  Externalism 
*  Heuristic 
*  Image schema 
*  Moravec's paradox 
*  Neuroconstructivism 
*  Neuropsychology 
*  Neurophenomenology 
*  Philosophy of mind 
*  Plant cognition 
*  Practopoiesis
By 1914, the first published references to Gestalt theory could be found in a
footnote of  Gabriele von Wartensleben  's application of Gestalt theory to personality.
She was a student at Frankfurt Academy for Social Sciences, who interacted
deeply with Wertheimer and Köhler.  [15]
Wikiquote has quotations related to _** Mona Lisa
 ** _ .
Retrieved from " 
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gestalt_psychology&oldid=1215303487

"
####  Invariance
###  Support from cybernetics and neurology
*  Donato Bramante 
*  Giorgione 
*  Michelangelo 
*  Raphael 
*  Titian 
*  Leonardo da Vinci
Concepts  |
* **Bosch** : _ Ship of Fools  "Ship of Fools \(painting\)") _
* **Bruegel** : _ The Beggars  _
* **Christus** : _ Lamentation (Pietà)  "Lamentation \(Pietà\)") _
* **David** : _ Cervara Altarpiece  _ ; _ Triptych of the Sedano family  _
* **Dürer** : _ Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle  _
* **van Dyck** : _ Charles I at the Hunt  _ ; _ Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene  _ ; _ Madonna and Child with Two Donors  "Madonna and Child with Two Donors \(van Dyck\)") _
* **van Eyck** : _ Madonna of Chancellor Rolin  _
* **Friedrich** : _ The Tree of Crows  _
* **Hals** : _ Catharina Both-van der Eem  _ ; _ The Gypsy Girl  "The Gypsy Girl \(Hals\)") _ ; _ The Lute Player  "The Lute Player \(Hals\)") _
* **Holbein** : _ Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam  _ ; _ Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer  _
* **de Hooch** : _ Card Players in a Rich Interior  _
* **Jordaens** : _ The Four Evangelists  "The Four Evangelists \(Jordaens\)") _
* **Matsys** : _ The Money Changer and His Wife  _
* **Memling** : _ Diptych of an elderly couple  _
* **Metsu** : _ The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam  _
* **Rembrandt** : _ The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family  _ ; _ Bathsheba at Her Bath  "Bathsheba at Her Bath \(Rembrandt\)") _ ; _ Landscape with a Castle  _ ; _ Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit  _ ; _ Philosopher in Meditation  _ ; _ St. Matthew and the Angel  _ ; _ Self-Portrait  "Self-Portrait \(Rembrandt, Louvre\)") _ ; _ Slaughtered Ox  _
* **Rubens** : _ Helena Fourment with a Carriage  _ ; _ Helena Fourment with Children  _ ; _ Hercules and Omphale  "Hercules and Omphale \(Rubens\)") _ ; _ Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce  _ ; _ Marie de' Medici cycle  _ ; _ The Village Fête  "The Village Fête \(Rubens\)") _ ; _ The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents  _
* **Ruisdael** : _ Dune Landscape near Haarlem  _ ; _ The Ray of Light  _ ; _ Storm Off a Sea Coast  _
* **Scheffer** : _ Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil  _
* **Vermeer** : _ The Astronomer  "The Astronomer \(Vermeer\)") _ ; _ The Lacemaker  "The Lacemaker \(Vermeer\)") _
* **van der Weyden** : _ Annunciation Triptych  "Annunciation Triptych \(Rogier van der Weyden\)") _ ; _ Braque Triptych  _
* **Wtewael** : _ Perseus Freeing Andromeda  "Perseus Freeing Andromeda \(Wtewael\)") _
From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United
States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C.  [146]  [147]  It
was shipped on the new ocean liner  SS _France_ 
"SS France \(1961\)") .  [148]  In New York, an estimated 1.7 million people
queued "in order to cast a glance at the _Mona Lisa_ for 20 seconds or so."
[143]  While exhibited in the  Metropolitan Museum of Art
 , the
painting was nearly drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the
painting's bullet-proof glass case protected it.  [149]
*  Codex Arundel 
*  Codex Atlanticus 
*  Codex on the Flight of Birds 
*  Codex Leicester 
*  Codex Madrid  "Codex Madrid \(Leonardo\)")
*  Codex Trivulzianus 
* _ A Treatise on Painting  _
Peruggia was an Italian patriot who believed that Leonardo's painting should
have been returned to an Italian museum.  [93]  Peruggia may have been
motivated by an associate whose copies of the original would significantly
rise in value after the painting's theft.  [94]  After having kept the _Mona
Lisa_ in his apartment for two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught
when he attempted to sell it to  Giovanni Poggi
 "Giovanni Poggi \(historian\)") ,
director of the  Uffizi Gallery  in 
Florence  . It was exhibited in the Uffizi Gallery
for over two weeks and returned to the Louvre on 4 January 1914.  [95]
Peruggia served six months in prison for the crime and was hailed for his
patriotism in Italy.  [91]  A year after the theft, _ Saturday Evening Post
 _ journalist  Karl
Decker  "Karl Decker \(journalist\)") wrote
that he met an alleged accomplice named  Eduardo de Valfierno
 , who claimed to have
masterminded the theft. Forger  Yves Chaudron  was to have created six copies of the painting to sell in the US
while concealing the location of the original.  [94]  Decker published this
account of the theft in 1932.  [96]  [12]
*  Pages using the Phonos extension 
*  CS1 German-language sources (de)  "Category:CS1 German-language sources \(de\)")
*  Webarchive template wayback links 
*  Use dmy dates from December 2022 
*  Articles with short description 
*  Short description is different from Wikidata 
*  Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from November 2016 
*  All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes 
*  Articles with excerpts 
*  Pages with German IPA 
*  Pages including recorded pronunciations 
*  Articles with BNF identifiers 
*  Articles with BNFdata identifiers 
*  Articles with GND identifiers 
*  Articles with J9U identifiers 
*  Articles with LCCN identifiers 
*  Articles with NDL identifiers 
*  Articles with NKC identifiers
Salvador Dalí  , famous for his
surrealist work, painted _Self portrait as Mona Lisa_ in 1954.  [138]   Andy
Warhol  created  serigraph
 prints of multiple _Mona Lisa_ s, called
_Thirty Are Better than One_ , following the painting's visit to the United
States in 1963.  [139]  The French urban artist known pseudonymously as 
Invader  "Invader \(artist\)") has created versions
of the _Mona Lisa_ on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using a mosaic style.
[140]  A 2014 _New Yorker_ magazine cartoon parodies the supposed enigma of
the _Mona Lisa_ smile in an animation showing progressively more maniacal
smiles.
*  Gebel el-Arak Knife 
* _ The Seated Scribe  _
*  Banishment Stela 
*  Bentresh stela 
*  Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III 
*  Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming 
*  Dendera zodiac 
*  Great Sphinx of Tanis 
*  Khonsuemheb and the Ghost 
*  Raherka and Meresankh 
*  Stela of Pasenhor 
*  Tomb of Akhethetep 
*  Bull Palette 
*  Hunters Palette 
*  Statue of Karomama
*   Painting portal
*  Mariotto Albertinelli 
*  Pellegrino Aretusi 
*  Fra Bartolomeo 
*  Ludovico Beretta 
*  Moretto da Brescia 
*  Gasparo Cairano 
*  Giulio Clovio 
*  Antonio da Correggio 
*  Piero di Cosimo 
*  Bernardino delle Croci 
*  Girolamo Genga 
*  Lorenzo Lotto 
*  Maffeo Olivieri 
*  Baldassare Peruzzi 
*  Sebastiano del Piombo 
*  Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 
*  Andrea del Sarto 
*  Il Sodoma 
*  Tamagnino 
*  Palma Vecchio 
*  Antonio Vassilacchi
* Sassoon, Donald (21 January 2014).  _#26: Why is the_ Mona Lisa _Famous?_  .  La Trobe University  podcast blog.  Archived  from the original on 4 July 2015.  of the podcast audio.
*  " _Mona Lisa_ , Leonardo's Earlier Version"  . Zürich, Switzerland: The Mona Lisa Foundation. 14 October 2012.  Archived  from the original on 26 June 2015  . Retrieved  5 November  2015  .
*  "True Colors of the _Mona Lisa_ Revealed"  (Press release). Paris: Lumiere Technology. 19 October 2006. Archived from  the original  on 26 June 2015  . Retrieved  5 November  2015  .
*  Scientific analyses conducted by the Center for Research and Restoration of the Museums of France (C2RMF)  Compare layers of the painting as revealed by x-radiography, infrared reflectography and ultraviolet fluorescence
*  "Stealing _Mona Lisa_ "  . Dorothy & Thomas Hoobler. May 2009. excerpt of book. _Vanity Fair_
* Discussion by  Janina Ramirez  and  Martin Kemp  "Martin Kemp \(art historian\)") :  Art Detective Podcast, 18 Jan 2017 
*  Leonardo's _Mona Lisa_   Archived  4 November 2014 at the  Wayback Machine  , Smarthistory (video)
*  _Secrets of the Mona Lisa_  , Discovery Channel documentary on YouTube
*  _The Tricks of Leonardo da Vinci & Hieronymus Bosch _  . Xavier d'Hérouville & Aurore Caulier. December 2023. _HAL Open Science_
Main article:  Mona Lisa (Hermitage)  "Mona
Lisa \(Hermitage\)")
It differs from  Gestalt therapy  ,
which is only peripherally linked to Gestalt psychology.
Dr. Susanne Maria Uusitalo  Team Tampere
The _Prado Museum La Gioconda_
The  avant-garde  art world has made note
of the _Mona Lisa_ '  s undeniable popularity. Because of the painting's
overwhelming stature,  Dadaists  and  Surrealists
 often produce modifications and  caricatures
 . In 1883, _Le rire,_ an image of a _Mona
Lisa_ smoking a pipe, by  Sapeck
") (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "  Incoherents
 " show in Paris. In 1919,  Marcel Duchamp
 , one of the most influential modern
artists, created _ L.H.O.O.Q.  _ , a _Mona
Lisa_ parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and
goatee. Duchamp added an inscription, which when read out loud in French
sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" meaning: "she has a hot ass", implying the
woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and intended as a 
Freudian joke  .  [136]  According to
 Rhonda R. Shearer  ,
the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own
face.  [137]
*  Replicas and reinterpretations 
*  Speculations 
*  Male _Mona Lisa_ theories 
*  Two– _Mona Lisa_ theory 
*  Timeline of fictional stories about the _Mona Lisa_ 
* _ La Joconde nue  _
© UWH
##  Principles
The _Mona Lisa_ has survived for more than 500 years, and an international
commission convened in 1952 noted that "the picture is in a remarkable state
of preservation."  [75]  It has never been fully restored,  [117]  so the
current condition is partly due to a variety of conservation treatments the
painting has undergone. A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde
revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint."
[75]  Nevertheless, applications of  varnish  made
to the painting had darkened even by the end of the 16th century, and an
aggressive 1809 cleaning and revarnishing removed some of the uppermost
portion of the paint layer, resulting in a washed-out appearance to the face
of the figure. Despite the treatments, the _Mona Lisa_ has been well cared for
throughout its history, and although the panel's warping caused the curators
"some worry",  [118]  the 2004–05 conservation team was optimistic about the
future of the work.  [75]
The ** neutrality  of this article is  disputed  ** .  Relevant discussion may be found on the  talk
page  . Please do
not remove this message until  conditions to do so are met
 .  _( November 2016  ) _
_(  Learn how and when to remove this template message

) _
*  Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio 
*  Cesare da Sesto 
*  Bernardino de' Conti 
*  Giampietrino 
*  Giovanni Agostino da Lodi 
*  Bernardino Luini 
*  Cesare Magni 
*  Marco d'Oggiono 
*  Francesco Melzi 
*  Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis 
*  Salaì 
*  Andrea Solari
*  Architonnerre 
* _ Divina proportione  _ (illustrations)
*  Great Kite 
*  Harpsichord-viola 
*  Aerial screw 
*  Crossbow 
*  Fighting vehicle 
*  Robot 
*  Self-propelled cart 
*  Octant projection 
*  Rapid fire crossbow 
*  Sonar 
*  Viola organista 
*  World Map
) _

|

|

This article **may be too technical for most readers to understand** .  Please
 help improve it
 to
 make it understandable to non-experts
 , without removing the technical details.
_( June 2017  ) _ _(  Learn how and when to remove this template message

) _

---|---

|

This article **has an unclear[ citation style
](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources
*  Cognitive psychology 
*  Graphic design 
*  Holism 
*  Perception 
*  Psychological schools
*  Wilhelm Wundt 
*  William James 
*  Ivan Pavlov 
*  Sigmund Freud 
*  Edward Thorndike 
*  Carl Jung 
*  John B. Watson 
*  Clark L. Hull 
*  Kurt Lewin 
*  Jean Piaget 
*  Gordon Allport 
*  J. P. Guilford 
*  Carl Rogers 
*  Erik Erikson 
*  B. F. Skinner 
*  Donald O. Hebb 
*  Ernest Hilgard 
*  Harry Harlow 
*  Raymond Cattell 
*  Abraham Maslow 
*  Neal E. Miller 
*  Jerome Bruner 
*  Donald T. Campbell 
*  Hans Eysenck 
*  Herbert A. Simon 
*  David McClelland 
*  Leon Festinger 
*  George A. Miller 
*  Richard Lazarus 
*  Stanley Schachter
* This page was last edited on 24 March 2024, at 08:55  (UTC)  .
* Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0   ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the  Terms of Use  and  Privacy Policy  . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the  Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  , a non-profit organization.
During  World War II  , it was again
removed from the Louvre and taken first to the Château d'Amboise, then to the
 Loc-Dieu Abbey  and  Château de
Chambord  , then
finally to the  Musée Ingres  in 
Montauban  .  [12]  [97]
*  by Eugène Bataille, or Sapeck \(1883\)")
* _ The Annunciation  "Annunciation \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ The Baptism of Christ  "The Baptism of Christ \(Verrocchio and Leonardo\)") _ ✻
* _ The Madonna of the Carnation  _
* _ Ginevra de' Benci  _
* _ Benois Madonna  _
* _ The Adoration of the Magi  "Adoration of the Magi \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ Saint Jerome in the Wilderness  "Saint Jerome in the Wilderness \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ Madonna Litta  _ ✻
* _ Virgin of the Rocks  _
* _ Portrait of a Musician  _ ✻✻
* _ Lady with an Ermine  _
* _ La Belle Ferronnière  _
* _ The Last Supper  "The Last Supper \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ Sala delle Asse  _
* _ Portrait of Isabella d'Este  "Portrait of Isabella d'Este \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist  _
* _ Buccleuch Madonna  _ ✻
* _ Salvator Mundi  "Salvator Mundi \(Leonardo\)") _ ✻✻
* _ Lansdowne Madonna  _ ✻
* _ The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne  "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne \(Leonardo\)") _
* _ Mona Lisa  _
* _ La Scapigliata  _
* _ Saint John the Baptist  "Saint John the Baptist \(Leonardo\)") _
###  Social Signals
*  ʿAin Ghazal statue 
*  Amarna letter EA 362 
*  Amarna letter EA 364 
*  Amarna letter EA 365 
*  Amarna letter EA 367 
*  Assyrian lion weights 
*  Baal with Thunderbolt 
*  Bushel with ibex motifs 
*  Cippi of Melqart 
*  Code of Hammurabi 
*  Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II 
*  Gudea cylinders 
*  Hurrian foundation pegs 
*  Investiture of Zimri-Lim 
*  Lament for Ur 
*  Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II 
*  Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru 
*  Lion of Mari 
*  Manishtushu Obelisk 
*  Masub inscription 
*  Mesha Stele 
*  Namara inscription 
*  Narundi 
*  Nazareth Inscription 
*  Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone 
*  Neirab steles 
*  Osorkon Bust 
*  Phoenician metal bowls 
*  Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription 
*  Sidon Mithraeum
*  Nazareth Inscription 
*  Rampin Rider 
*  Sarcophagus of the Spouses 
*  Sleeping Ariadne 
*  Sleeping Hermaphroditus 
*  Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus 
*  The Exaltation of the Flower 
*  Venus and Mars  "Venus and Mars \(sculpture\)")
*  Venus de Milo 
*  Venus Genetrix  "Venus Genetrix \(sculpture\)")
*  Venus of Arles 
*  Winged Lion of Vulci 
*  Winged Victory of Samothrace
##  Problem solving and insight
Karl Duncker  , another Gestalt
psychologist who studied problem solving,  [45]  : 370  coined the term 
functional fixedness  for
describing the difficulties in both visual perception and problem solving that
arise from the fact that one element of a whole situation already has a
(fixed) function that has to be changed in order to perceive something or find
the solution to a problem.  [46]
*   Category
*  Permanent link  
*  Page information  
*  Cite this page  
*  Get shortened URL  
*  Download QR code  
*  Wikidata item  

Print/export

*  Download as PDF  
*  Printable version  

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Theory of brain function

For the speech processing technology, see  Linear predictive coding
 .

|

**This article has multiple issues.** Please help ** improve it
 ** or discuss these issues on the ** talk page
 ** .  _( Learn how
and when to remove these template messages
* **Leutze** : _ Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca  _
*  Articles with LCCN identifiers 
*  Articles with NDL identifiers 
*  Articles with NKC identifiers 
*  Articles with NLA identifiers 
*  Articles with NSK identifiers 
*  Articles with Bildindex identifiers 
*  Articles with Joconde identifiers 
*  Articles with RKDID identifiers 
*  Articles with SUDOC identifiers
The gestalt laws are used in several visual design fields, such as  user
interface design  and 
cartography  . The laws of similarity and
proximity can, for example, be used as guides for placing  radio buttons
 . They may also be used in designing
computers and software for more intuitive human use. Examples include the
design and layout of a desktop's shortcuts in rows and columns.  [37]