mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
Read the full fact sheet
The news, hailed as a stepping stone for advancing LGBTQ issues in the city,
was quickly marred by attacks from conservative corners. Junius Ho, a pro-
Beijing lawmaker, claimed during a Legislative Council meeting in June 2021
that Hong Kong  did not want the event’s “dirty money”
 , adding that he
was worried it might lead to the legalisation of same-sex marriage.
24 U.S. States have banned transgender people from participating in sports to
their gender identity. These states include Alabama,  [268]  Arizona,  [269]
Arkansas,  [270]  Florida,  [271]  Georgia,  [272]  Idaho,  [273]  Indiana,
[274]  Iowa,  [275]  Kansas,  [276]  Kentucky,  [277]  Louisiana,  [278]
Mississippi,  [279]  Missouri,  [280]  Montana,  [281]  North Dakota,  [282]
Oklahoma,  [283]  South Carolina,  [284]  South Dakota,  [285]  Tennessee,
[286]  Texas,  [287]  Utah,  [288]  West Virginia,  [289]  and Wyoming.  [290]
The passage of legislation against transgender youth has seen increases in
calls to  Trans Lifeline  , a suicide
crisis hotline run by and for transgender people.  [291]
*  Moscow Pride 
*  Side by Side (film festival)  "Side by Side \(film festival\)")
#####  First Term
*  Tribal sovereignty 
*  Native American recognition in the United States 
*  Federally recognized tribes 
*  Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 
*  State-recognized tribes 
*  Indian reservation 
*  list 
*  Hawaiian home land
*  Bullough, Vern, "When Did the Gay Rights Movement Begin?"  , April 18, 2005. Retrieved December 30, 2005.
*  Bullough, Vern L. (ed.) _Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context._  Harrington Park Press, 2002.
*  Gallagher, John & Chris Bull, _Perfect Enemies: The Religious Right, the Gay Movement, and the Politics of the 1990s_  , 1996, Crown, 300 pp. Retrieved December 30, 2005.
*  Matzner, Andrew, "Stonewall Riots"  , glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, & Queer Culture, Claude J. Summers, ed. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2005.
*  Percy, William A. & William Edward Glover, "Before Stonewall by Glover & Percy"  , November 5, 2005. Retrieved December 30, 2005.
###  Business sector
####  State laws
On 29 December 2014, Russia passed a road safety law, allowing the government
to deny  driver's licenses  to
people with several classes of mental disorders according to ICD-10.  [127]
Class "F60-69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour" includes "F64
Transsexualism"  [128]  Russian and foreign critics perceived the law as a ban
on transgender drivers: journalist  Yelena Masyuk  questioned the relevance of a person's transgender identity
in regards to their ability to drive.  [129]  [130]  On 14 January 2015,
Russia's Health Ministry clarified the law, stating that it would only deny
licenses to those with disorders that would impair their ability to drive
safely, and explicitly stated that one's sexual orientation would not be
considered a factor under the law, as it is not considered a psychiatric
disorder.  [131]
In January 2016, the  State Duma  rejected a
proposal by the  Communist Party
 to punish people who publicly express their homosexuality
with fines and arrests.  [166]
*  Corruption 
*  Human trafficking 
*  Illegal immigration 
*  Organized crime 
*  Prison overcrowding 
*  Prison rape 
*  Race and crime 
*  Terrorism 
*  Vigilantism 
*  Cybercrime
More than 8,400  detained migrants
 —over a five-year period spanning both the Obama and Trump
administrations—were placed in solitary confinement, which remains an ongoing
practice as of May 2019. In half of the cases, detainees were being punished,
but in the other half, the confinement was due to the person's mental illness,
physical disability, or sexual orientation. Journalists identified six
suicides among this population.  [92]
####  U.S. Senator from Illinois
Transgender military service by
country and territory
##  Genetic counselling and testing
In Tsarist Russia, young women would sometimes pose as men or act like 
tomboys  . This was often tolerated among the
educated middle classes, with the assumption that such behavior was asexual
and would stop when the girl married.  [126]  However,  cross-dressing
 was widely seen as sexually immoral
behavior, punishable by God promoted through the Church and later criminalized
by the government.  [126]
Fred Karger  's run for the 2012
Republican nomination for President made him America's first openly gay
Republican presidential candidate.  [648]  [649]
##  Give feedback about this page
Victorian Clinical Genetics Services.
Public opinion  is largely supportive of same-sex marriage while mixed on
transgender issues. A 2023 _Gallup_ poll found that 71% of Americans support
same-sex marriage, while 28% oppose it.  [12]
Dependencies and
other entities  |
In 1807,  William Henry Harrison  signed into law a comprehensive criminal code that included
the first sodomy law for the  Indiana Territory  that eliminated the gender-specifics, reduced the penalty
for a maximum of 1 to 5 years in prison, a fine of $100 to $500, up to 500
lashes on the back, and a permanent loss of civil rights.  [345]
In 2013, former President George H. W. Bush served as a witness at a same-sex
wedding of Bonnie Clement and Helen Thorgalsen, who own a general store
together in Maine.  [383]  In 2015 _ The Boston Globe
 _ reported that Bush "offered to
perform the ceremony but had a scheduling conflict."  [384]
##  History of U.S. Supreme Court decisions on LGBT rights
LGBT rights in the
 United States
The first evidence of discrimination to homosexuals serving in the United
States military dates from March 11, 1778, when Lieutenant  Frederick
Gotthold Enslin 
was brought to trial before a court-martial. According to General Washington's
report: "...Lieutt. Enslin of  Colo  .  Malcolm's
Regiment  tried for attempting to commit _sodomy_ ..."
Washington's secretary described the results of the trial: "His  Excellency
 the  Commander in Chief
 approves the sentence and
with Abhorrence & Detestation of such Infamous Crimes orders Lieut. Enslin to
be  drummed out  of Camp tomorrow
morning...."  [341]
As of 2022, the U.S. federal government recognizes a third gender option on
passports. Other countries including  Australia  ,  New Zealand  ,  India
 ,  Nepal  ,  Pakistan
 ,  Bangladesh  ,
 Germany  ,  Malta  , and 
Canada  have begun recognizing this.  [155]  [156]
[157]  [158]  [159]  Third genders have traditionally been acknowledged in a
number of  Native American  cultures as "  two spirit
 " people, in traditional Hawaiian culture as
the  māhū  , and as the  fa'afafine
 in  American Samoa  .  [160]  [161]  [162]  [163]  Similarly, immigrants from
traditional cultures that acknowledge a  third gender  would benefit from such a reform, including the  muxe
 gender in southern Mexico and the  hijra
 "Hijra \(South Asia\)") of south Asian cultures.
[164]  [165]  [166]
Unincorporated
territories  |
United States  articles
* Bubola, E. (5 December 2022),  "Putin Signs Law Banning Expressions of L.G.B.T.Q. Identity in Russia"  , _The New York Times_ , retrieved  7 January  2023
* Clark, F. (2014). "Discrimination against LGBT people triggers health concerns." _Lancet,_ 383(9916), 500–502.
* Engle, Eric Allen (2013). "Gay Rights in Russia? Russia's Ban on Gay Pride Parades and the General Principle of Proportionality in International Law". _Journal of Eurasian Law_ . **6** (2): 165–186.  SSRN  "SSRN \(identifier\)")  2296803  .
* Ilyushina, M., Gelman, M. (7 January 2023),  "Moscow's war in Ukraine brought harsh tactics against gay Russians at home"  , _The Washington Post_ , retrieved  7 January  2023
On June 15, 2022, Biden signed another executive order designed to blunt
recent anti-LGBT state legislation. The order directed the Department of
Health and Human Services to partner with state child welfare agencies to
prevent anti-LGBT discrimination, identify and address barriers to LGBT people
receiving federal anti-poverty benefits, and create a Bill of Rights for
LGBTQI+ Older Adults; ordered the Department of Housing and Urban Development
to identify and address barriers to housing for LGBT people; and expanded the
federal government's commitment to data collection on sexual orientation and
gender identity by creating a coordinating committee to guide such data
collection across all federal agencies.  [623]  [624]  [625]  In addition, it
would order the federal government to curb federal funding for the practice of
 Conversion therapy  , and
ask the  Federal Trade Commission  to consider whether it constitutes an unfair or deceptive
act. It would also set up programs to expand access to suicide prevention
resources for LGBT youth.
*  Complementary and alternative care  
*  First Aid  
*  Surgery  
*  Medical tests  
*  Medications
###  Jimmy Carter
On 30 May 2019, in the _Yeung Chu Wing v Secretary for Justice_ case, the High
Court ruled in favour of Yeung Chu-wing, an LGBT activist who brought the
lawsuit against the government in 2017, and struck down four further
provisions under the Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) imposing higher penalties for
offences committed by homosexual men. Three further provisions were remedially
interpreted such that they would no longer discriminate against homosexuals.
It abolished the crimes of "procuring others to commit homosexual buggery" and
"gross indecency with or by a man under 16". He also overturned "gross
indecency by a man with a man otherwise than in private" and "procuring gross
indecency by a man with a man". The three offences that now apply to both
genders are "homosexual buggery with or by a man under 16", "gross indecency
by a man with a male mentally incapacitated person", and "permitting a young
person to resort to or be on a premises or vessel for intercourse,
prostitution, buggery or homosexual acts". This comes after 20 years of
activism to change these law, in which the government either refused or
delayed, the secretary for justice during the trial, however, conceded to
nearly all the changes, and agreed that these laws targeting gay men are
incompatible with the  Basic Law  .  [9]  [10]  [11]
Explicit and comprehensive anti-discrimination protections based on sexual
orientation and gender identity have been proposed by the  United States
Congress  under the 
Equality Act  "Equality Act \(United
States\)") , which was passed in the  House
 by a vote of 236-173 on May 17, 2019,  [45]  [47]  but has
since stalled in the  Senate  .  [48]
In October 2020, with representation by  Lambda Legal  ,  Immigration Equality
 "Immigration Equality
\(organization\)") and law firm  Morgan Lewis & Bockius
 ;  [40]  the 
United States Department of State  withdrew its appeal of the verdict in
_Kiviti v. Pompeo_ , and declined to appeal _Mize-Gregg v. Pompeo_ .  [41]
[39]  The State Department's refusal to recognize children born overseas to
married same-sex, American citizen couples as U.S. citizens was ruled to be
unlawful by Federal district court judges in both cases.  [40]  [42]
**_See also: Hong Kong’s ‘blind spot’ – A British woman’s years-long fight
against the gov’t to stay with her wife
 _ **
##  Viewpoints of political parties
*   * Machine translation, like  DeepL  or  Google Translate  , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
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* You should also add the template ` {{Translated|zh|香港LGBT權益}} ` to the  talk page  .
* For more guidance, see  Wikipedia:Translation  .
###  Spousal visas
Social issues in the United States
In the 2012 election, Obama received the endorsement of the following gay
rights organizations: Equal Rights Washington, Fair Wisconsin,  Gay-Straight
Alliance Network  ,  [475]  [476]   Human Rights Campaign
 ,  [477]  and the 
National Stonewall Democrats  . The  American Civil Liberties Union

(ACLU) gave Obama a score of 100% on the issue of gays and lesbians in the
U.S. military and a score of 75% on the issue of freedom to marry for gay
people.  [478]
*  Privacy, T’s & C’s 
*  Store 
*  Staff 
*  Support HKFP 
*  Transparency Report 2023
##  LGBTQ litigations
|   Subdivisions  |
*  School district 
*  list
###  Professional opinion
Rights  |
Russian historian and human rights activist  Lyudmila Alexeyeva
 has called it "a step toward
the  Middle Ages  ".  [16]
---
 History 
|
During his time as senator, Obama co-sponsored the  Employment Non-
Discrimination Act  ,  Matthew Shepard Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes
Prevention Act
 , Tax Equity
for Domestic Partner and Health Plan Beneficiaries Act, and Early Treatment
for HIV Act.  [435]  [436]
On February 10, 2015,  David Axelrod
 "David Axelrod \(political
consultant\)") 's _Believer: My Forty Years in Politics_ was published. In the
book, Axelrod revealed that President  Barack Obama  lied about his opposition to same-sex marriage for religious
reasons in  2008 United States presidential election
 . "I'm just not very good at bullshitting," Obama told
Axelrod, after an event where he stated his opposition to same-sex marriage,
according to the book.  [492]
###  Legal challenges
Photo: Markus
Spiske/Pexels.com.
#####  Other
*  Affluence 
*  American Dream 
*  Educational attainment 
*  Homelessness 
*  Homeownership 
*  Household income 
*  Income inequality 
*  Middle class 
*  Personal income 
*  Poverty 
*  Standard of living
All state constitutional and statutory bans on same-sex marriage were declared
unconstitutional in June 2015 in _ Obergefell v. Hodges
 _ .
*  State constitutions 
*  Statutory codes 
*  Uniform act 
*  Comparison of governments
*  Bill of Rights 
*  civil liberties 
*  Code of Federal Regulations 
*  Constitution 
*  federalism 
*  preemption 
*  separation of powers 
*  civil rights 
* _ Federal Reporter  _
*  United States Code 
* _ United States Reports  _
|  February 22, 2022
|   (Since 1982)  |
In the wake of the  October Revolution  , the Bolshevik regime decriminalized homosexuality. The
Bolsheviks rewrote the constitution and "produced two Criminal Codes – in 1922
and 1926 – and an article prohibiting homosexual sex was left off both."  [30]
The new  Communist Party  government removed the old laws
regarding sexual relations, effectively legalising  homosexual
 and  transgender  activity within Russia, although it remained illegal in other
territories of the Soviet Union, and the homosexuals in Russia were still
persecuted and sacked from their jobs.  [30]  Under  Joseph Stalin
 , the Soviet Union recriminalized
homosexuality in a decree signed in 1933.  [31]  The new Article 154-a,  [12]
later relocated to Article 121 in 1961,  [13]  punished sexual relations
between men with up to five years' imprisonment and led to several raids and
arrests. Female homosexuals were sent to mental institutions. The decree was
part of a broader campaign against "deviant" behavior and "Western
degeneracy".  [30]  Following Stalin's death, there was  a liberalisation
 of attitudes toward sexual issues
in the Soviet Union, but homosexual acts remained illegal. Discrimination
against LGBT individuals persisted in the Soviet era, and homosexuality was
not officially declassified as a mental illness until 1999.  [32]
*  Borders 
*  Cities and towns 
*  Climate 
*  Earthquakes 
*  Extreme points 
*  European Russia 
*  Central Russian Upland 
*  Northwest Russia 
*  Meshchera Lowlands 
*  Oka–Don Lowland 
*  Smolensk Upland 
*  Fjords 
*  Geology 
*  Glaciers 
*  Great Russian Regions 
*  Highest points 
*  Islands 
*  Lakes 
*  Caspian Sea 
*  Mountains 
*  Caucasus 
*  Urals 
*  Volcanoes 
*  North Asia 
*  Siberia 
*  West Siberian Plain 
*  Russian Far East 
*  North Caucasus 
*  Rivers 
*  Protected areas 
*  Wildlife 
*  Far North  "Far North \(Russia\)")
---
 Economy 
|
In 1992, Governor Bill Clinton, as a candidate for president, issued a public
statement of support for repeal of Arkansas's sodomy law.  [385]  Also in
1992, the  Human Rights Campaign  , America's largest LGBT rights organization, issued its first
presidential endorsement in 1992 to Bill Clinton.  [386]
On April 14, 2010, President  Barack Obama  issued an  Executive Order 
"Executive order \(United States\)") to the  Department of Health and Human
Services  to draft new rules for all hospitals accepting  Medicare
 "Medicare \(United States\)") or  Medicaid
 funds. They would require facilities to grant
visitation and medical decision-making rights to gay and lesbian partners, as
well as designees of others such as widows and widowers.  [65]  Such rights
are not protected by law in many states. Obama said he was inspired by the
case of a Florida family, where one of the mothers died while her partner and
four children were denied visitation by the hospital.  [65]  On June 12, 2020,
the Trump administration issued a new rule stating that sexual orientation and
gender identity were not covered under the anti-discrimination protections of
the  Affordable Care Act  ,
[66]  but this was reversed by the Biden administration, restoring the Obama-
era policy.  [67]
There have been notable objections to the organisation of  gay pride parades
 [63]  in several Russian cities,
most prominently  Moscow  , where authorities have
never approved a request to hold a gay pride rally.  [64]  Former Moscow mayor
 Yuri Luzhkov  supported the city's
refusal to authorize the first two editions of  Nikolay Alexeyev
 's  Moscow Pride
 events, calling them as "satanic". The
events still went on as planned, in defiance of their lack of authorisation.
[65]  [66]  In 2010, Russia was fined by the  European Court of Human Rights
 ,
ruling that, as alleged by Alexeyev, Russian cities were discriminating
against the gay community by refusing to authorize pride parades. Although
authorities had claimed allowing pride events to be held would pose a risk of
violence, the Court ruled that their decisions "effectively approved of and
supported groups who had called for [their] disruption."  [67]  In August
2012, contravening the previous ruling, the Moscow City Court upheld a ruling
blocking requests by the organisers of Moscow Pride for authorisation to hold
the parade yearly through 2112, citing the possibility of public disorder and
a lack of support for such events by residents of Moscow.  [68]  [69]  [70]
According to the American advocacy group  Human Rights Campaign
 , more than 470 local
anti-LGBT bills have been introduced in 2023 by members of the conservative 
Republican Party  "Republican Party
\(United States\)") , including more than 190 that are specifically anti-
trans. While in past years conservatives have focused on bathroom bills and
banning trans athletes from sports, most bills passed in 2023 have focused on
banning gender-affirming health care. Critics noted that these events are a
part of the wider  culture war  between liberals and conservatives in the U.S  [68]
####  Post governorship of California
On May 20, 1996, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in _ Romer v.
Evans  _ against an amendment to the
Colorado state constitution that would have prevented any city, town or county
in the state from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to
protect homosexual or bisexual citizens from discrimination on the basis of
their sexual orientation.
###  Marriage equality
The  Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
 established The Gender Identity and Sexual
Orientation Unit in 2005, to enhance the equal opportunities for people of
different sexual orientations, and transgender people.  [72]
---|---
 Marriage  and family  |
In 2003, the Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau began administering an
annual Equal Opportunities (Sexual Orientation) Funding  Scheme
 to support projects
promoting equality for sexual minorities.
Main article:  Social policy of the Barack Obama administration
Date(s) conducted  |  Support laws that require transgender individuals to use
bathrooms that correspond to their birth sex  |  Oppose laws that require
transgender individuals to use bathrooms that correspond to their birth sex  |
Don't know / NA  |  Margin of error  |  Sample  |  Conducted by  |  Polling
type
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
February 17, 2023 -March 3, 2023  |  **45%** |  40%  |  16%  |  ?  |  1,000
American adults  |   Ipsos

|  Online interviews
June 10, 2019  |  45%  |  **47%** |  |  ?  |  1,100 American adults  |   Pew
Research  |  Cellphone and landline phones
May 29, 2019 - May 30, 2019  |  **50%** |  **50%** |  |  ?  |  1,295
registered voters  |   Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll
 |  Online interviews
May 3, 2017 – May 7, 2017  |  **48%** |  45%  |  7%  |  4%  |  1,011 adults
American adults  |   Gallup  |  Cellphone and landline
phones
March 2017  |  **40%** |  **40%** |  |  ?  |  ?  |   YouGov
 |  ?
February 10, 2017 – February, 19, 2017  |  39%  |  **53%** |  |  2.6%  |
2,031 adults  |   Public Religion Research Institute
 |  Live interviews via RDD telephones and cell phones
August 16, 2016 – September 12, 2016, 2016  |  46%  |  **51%** |  3%  |  2.4%
|  4,538 respondents  |   Pew Research
 |  Web and mail
May 4, 2016 – May 8, 2016  |  **50%** |  40%  |  10%  |  ?  |  ?  |   Gallup
 |  ?
June 3, 2015 – June 4, 2015  |  **46%** |  41%  |  12%  |  4.1%  |  1,300
unweighted respondents  |   CBS / NYT  |  ?
April 28, 2016 – May 1, 2016  |  38%  |  **57%** |  5%  |  3%  |  1,001 adults
|   CNN / ORC International
 |
Live interviews via landline telephones and cell phones
March 26, 2016 – March 28, 2016  |  **37%** |  **37%** |  26%  |  4%  |  1,000
adult American citizens  |   YouGov

|  Online interviews
June 3, 2015 – June 4, 2015  |  **38%** |  37%  |  25%  |  4.1%  |  994
American adults  |   Huffington Post / YouGov
 |  ?
March 19, 2014 - March 23, 2014  |  **59%** |  26%  |  |  ?  |  1,016 American
adults  |   CBS  |  land-line and cellphones
*  Discrimination against transgender people 
*  Law of Russia 
*  LGBT rights in Russia
##  Recognition of same-sex relationships
Leung was  granted permission to take his appeal to the city’s top court that
September  .
###  Opposition
On January 17, 2014, in _ Kosilek v. Spencer
 _ a three-judge panel of the  First Circuit Court of Appeals
 ordered the  Massachusetts
Department of Corrections  to provide Michelle Kosilek, a
Massachusetts inmate, with sex reassignment surgery. It said denying the
surgery violated Kosilek's Eighth Amendment rights, which included "receiving
medically necessary treatment ... even if that treatment strikes some as odd
or unorthodox".  [300]
*  About us  
*  Accessibility  
*  Content partners  
*  Privacy  
*  Terms of use  
*  Contact us
*  legal nationwide since 2003 
* ( _ Lawrence v. Texas  _ )
####  Public opinion
Cross-dressing _per se_ is not illegal.  [59]  Hong Kong law allows the change
of legal documents such as the  identity card  , and  passport  , but
does not allow the  birth certificate  to be changed.  [60]  Such change has historically required 
sex reassignment surgery  which includes the removal of reproductive organs, effectively
rendering the person sterile in exchange for legal recognition of gender
identity.  [61]
On February 16, 2014, Obama criticized the  Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Act,
2014  .  [485]
*  Administrative divisions 
*  Air pollution 
*  Areas 
*  Bays 
*  Beaches 
*  Buildings and structures 
*  Channels 
*  Cities and towns 
*  Country parks and conservation 
*  Ecology 
*  Land reclamation 
*  Harbours 
*  Islands and peninsulas 
*  Lakes 
*  Marine parks 
*  Mountains and peaks 
*  Public parks and gardens 
*  Reservoirs 
*  Rivers 
*  Villages