mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
In the United States, four states permit  conjugal visits
 to prisoners: California,
Connecticut, New York, and Washington;  [93]  all of these U.S. states have
legalized  same-sex marriage 
in June 2015.  [94]  In June 2007, California, following the enactment in 2005
of a state law requiring state agencies to provide the same rights to domestic
partners as to married couples, became the first U.S. state to allow same-sex
conjugal visits. The new rules allowed for visits only by registered same-sex
married couples or domestic partners, provided that the same-sex marriage or
domestic partnership was established before the prisoner was incarcerated.
[95]  In New York, prior to the vote on same-sex visits, this state allowed 27
out of its 60 facilities to allow same-sex conjugal visits, but this law was
not enforced state wide until April 2011. In 2014, both New Mexico and
Mississippi banned conjugal visits.  [96]  [97]
In August 1970,  Richard Nixon  , on
the issue of same-sex marriage, said "I can't go that far; that's the year
2000! Negroes and whites, okay. But that's too far!"  [360]
*  Videos  
*  Service profiles  
*  Consumer medicine information  
*  Multilingual health information - Health Translations Directory
In December 2022, an amendment to the propaganda law was signed into law by
Putin,  [158]  extending it to all age groups. It also prohibits the
distribution of materials that promote "pedophilia", or give minors a " 
desire to change their sex  ".  [159]  [160]  [161]
*  Afghanistan 
*  Armenia 
*  Azerbaijan 
*  Bahrain 
*  Bangladesh 
*  Bhutan 
*  Brunei 
*  Cambodia 
*  China 
*  Cyprus 
*  East Timor (Timor-Leste) 
*  Egypt 
*  Georgia  "LGBT rights in Georgia \(country\)")
*  India 
*  Indonesia 
*  Iran 
*  Iraq 
*  Israel 
*  Japan 
*  Jordan 
*  Kazakhstan 
*  North Korea 
*  South Korea 
*  Kuwait 
*  Kyrgyzstan 
*  Laos 
*  Lebanon 
*  Malaysia 
*  Maldives 
*  Mongolia 
*  Myanmar 
*  Nepal 
*  Oman 
*  Pakistan 
*  Philippines 
*  Qatar 
*  Russia 
*  Saudi Arabia 
*  Singapore 
*  Sri Lanka 
*  Syria 
*  Tajikistan 
*  Thailand 
*  Turkey 
*  Turkmenistan 
*  United Arab Emirates 
*  Uzbekistan 
*  Vietnam 
*  Yemen
Same-sex spouses have been eligible for dependent visas  since a landmark
2018 case involving a woman known as QT
 , who was forced to stay in Hong Kong on a tourist visa
after her partner, with whom she was in a civil union, moved to the city for
work on the grounds that their partnership was not recognised under Hong Kong
law.
*  Armed Forces 
*  Army 
*  Marine Corps 
*  Navy 
*  Air Force 
*  Space Force 
*  Coast Guard 
*  National Guard  "National Guard \(United States\)")
*  NOAA Corps 
*  Public Health Service Corps
##  Co-dominant genes
Public housing Lai
Tak Tsuen. Photo: GovHK.
###  Gender markers
Family rights
 Recognition of relationships  |  Same-sex marriage legal nationwide since 2015 (
_ Obergefell v. Hodges  _
)
 Adoption  |   Equal adoption rights
for same-sex couples in all states since 2016
As of December 2023  [ [update]
](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States&action=edit)
, forty-six states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin
Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands have statutes
criminalizing various types of bias-motivated violence or intimidation (the
exceptions are  Arkansas  ,  Georgia
 "Georgia \(U.S. state\)") ,  South Carolina
 , and  Wyoming  ). Each of these statutes covers bias on the basis of race,
religion, and ethnicity; 34 cover disability; 34 of them cover sexual
orientation; 28 cover gender; 13 cover age; 23 cover gender identity; five
cover political affiliation.  [72]  31 states and the District of Columbia
have statutes creating a  civil cause of action  , in addition to the criminal penalty, for similar acts.
[72]  Twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia have statutes requiring
the state to collect hate crime statistics; 16 of these cover sexual
orientation.  [72]
Russia  articles
|  
(States Civil Rights Commission implicitly includes  sexuality
 since 2019, but not state law)  |  
(States Civil Rights Commission implicitly includes  gender identity
 2019, but not state law)
States with X
gender markers on driver's licenses
*  Educational inequality 
*  Higher education bubble 
*  Literacy
Under the reign of  Peter the Great  in the 18th, who introduced a wide range of reforms aimed at
modernizing and Westernizing Russia, there was a ban on male homosexual
activity, but only in military statutes for soldiers. In 1832, the criminal
code included Article 995, which stated that _muzhelozhstvo_ (  Russian
 :  мужеложство  , '  sodomy
 '), or men lying with men, was a criminal act
punishable by exile to Siberia for up to 5 years. Men lying with men was
interpreted by courts as meaning anal sex. Application of the laws was rare,
and the turn of the century found a relaxation of these laws and a general
growing of tolerance and visibility.  [ _ citation needed
 _ ]
*  Gayrussia.ru 
*  Intersex Russia 
*  Russian LGBT network 
*  Straight Alliance for LGBT Equality ") [  ru  ]
In 2008, Clinton publicly opposed the passage of California's  Proposition 8
 and recorded robocalls urging
Californians to vote against it.  [405]  In July 2009, he came out in favor of
same-sex marriage.  [406]  On March 7, 2013, Clinton called for the overturn
of the Defense of Marriage Act by the U.S. Supreme Court.  [407]
On November 10, 2015, Obama officially announced his support for the 
Equality Act of 2015  .
[498]
|  
Step-child adoption by same-sex couples  |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (  LGBT  ) people
in  Hong Kong  (a  special administrative
region of China  ) may face legal challenges not experienced
by non-LGBT residents.  [1]
Number of hate crimes
against LGBTQ individuals in Russia (2010–2020)  [112]
Other issues  |
Allegations were initially reported on 1 April 2017 in _ Novaya Gazeta
 _ ,  [2]  a Russian-language 
opposition  "Opposition \(politics\)")
newspaper, which reported that since February 2017 over 100 men had allegedly
been detained and tortured and at least three had died in an  extrajudicial
killing  . The paper,
citing its sources in the Chechen special services, called the wave of
detentions a "  prophylactic  sweep".  [2]  [3]  The journalist who first reported on
the subject went into hiding.  [73]  [74]  There have been calls for reprisals
against journalists who report on the situation.  [75]
*  Chromosome  changes  External Link   , Centre for Genetics Education, NSW Health.
*  When parents are relatives –  consanguinity  External Link   , Centre for Genetics Education, NSW Health.
*  Online Mendelian inheritance in man  (OMIM)  External Link   , McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, MD).
*  Basic  genetics  External Link   , Learn.genetics: Genetic Science Learning Centre, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, USA.
In January 2019 the  Hong Kong High Court 
"High Court \(Hong Kong\)") agreed to hear two challenges to the city's
refusal to recognise  same-sex marriage  . The two separate legal challenges were mounted by a 21-year-old 
University of Hong Kong  student, known as TF, and a 31-year-old activist, known as STK, who
argued that the inability of same-sex couples to get married violated their
right to equality under the city's  Bill of Rights
 and the  Basic
Law  "Basic Law \(Hong Kong\)") .  [34]  The
judge in the case gave the applications license to be heard by the court,
though suspended them to first hear another case involving a 29-year-old
lesbian, who is seeking for a civil union partnership system to be implemented
in Hong Kong.  [34]
The court ruling expanded Title VII of the  Civil Rights Act of 1964
 to ban employment
discrimination against LGBT employees, but did not explicitly ban
discrimination outside of employment. The executive order signed by President
Biden ordered all federal agencies to review existing regulations and policies
that prohibit sex discrimination, and to revise them as necessary to clarify
that “sex” includes sexual orientation and gender identity.
See also:  Bibliography of Russian history (1991-present)
 "Bibliography of
Russian history \(1991-present\)")
The statute amended a law that is said to protect children from pornography
and other "harmful information".  [150]  One of the authors of the statute, 
Yelena Mizulina  , who is the chair
of the Duma's Committee on Family, Women, and Children and who has been
described by some as a moral crusader,  [151]  [152]  [153]  told lawmakers as
the bill was being considered, "Traditional sexual relations are relations
between a man and a woman.... These relations need special protection".  [149]
Mizulina argued that a recent poll had shown 88% of the public were in support
of the bill.  [154]
As of April and May 2023 there has been a proposed crackdown on the changing
of genders. The Russian  State Duma  is
considering passing new laws to prevent men from changing their gender from
male to female without surgery. The proposed changes, as first discussed by
the Russian Minister of Justice,  Konstantin Chuychenko
 , in April are to "rule
out the possibility of changing a person’s gender purely by changing the
documents.” Duma Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs head 
Nina Ostanina  said: "Amendments will
soon be introduced in the State Duma to officially ban gender reassignment
without surgery," In part it is to protect "family values" in Russia. However
Russian men have considered changing their genders to avoid being called by
the military authorities. According to one Russian source "In connection with
the special operation, many young people have turned to private clinics to
provide a sex change to avoid conscription..."  Vyacheslav Volodin
 , Speaker of the Duma, claims
that some "2,700" such decisions have been made in "recent times".  [61]  [62]
The U.S.  State Department  determines what identifying biographical
information is placed on passports. On June 10, 2010, the policy on gender
changes was amended to allow permanent gender marker changes to be made with
the statement of a physician that "the applicant has had appropriate clinical
treatment for gender transition to the new gender."  [152]  The previous
policy required a statement from a surgeon that gender reassignment surgery
was completed.  [153]  Since April 11, 2022, American passports give the
sex/gender options of male, female and X by self determination.  [98]  [154]
###  Access to subsidised housing
In May 2019, a  Cathay Pacific 
advertisement featuring a same-sex couple which showed two men strolling hand
in hand along a beach was banned by  Airport Authority Hong Kong
 and  MTR
Corporation  .  [76]  Both
overturned their position a day after widespread public criticism and outrage
by the ban and it was later displayed days later.  [77]  [78]
On August 25, 1965, Rep.  Gerald Ford 
voted for the  Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
 .  [363]
* Your  GP (doctor)  
*  Paediatrician  
*  Genetic counsellor service  
*  Victorian Clinical Genetics Services  (VCGS)  External Link   Tel. [ 1300 118 247  ](tel:1300118247) or [ (03) 8341 6212  ](tel:0383416212)
*  Genetic Support Network  Victoria  External Link   Tel. [ (03) 8341 6315  ](tel:0383416315)
In 2006,  Radio Television Hong Kong  (RTHK) broadcast a
 television film  called _Gay
Lovers_ , which received criticism from social conservatives for "encouraging"
people to become gay. In 2007, the Broadcasting Authority ruled that the RTHK-
produced programme "Gay Lovers" was "unfair, partial and biased towards
homosexuality, and having the effect of promoting the acceptance of homosexual
marriage." On 5 May 2008 Justice Michael Hartmann overturned the ruling of the
Broadcasting Authority that the programme's discussion on same sex marriage
was deemed to have breached broadcasting guidelines for not including anti-gay
views.  [79]
*  Careers 
*  Community Guidelines 
*  Documentary 
*  Freelance Charter 
*  Ethics, Policies, Standards
In March 2021,  Reuters  reported that the 
European Union  imposed  economic
sanctions  on two Chechen
officials accused of persecuting LGBT people in Chechnya.  [89]
---|---
Regions  |
###  Bill Clinton
*  Home  
*  Genetic conditions  
*
##  Transgender issues
|   (Since 1989)  |   (Since 2016)
Obama was criticized for meeting with anti-gay Ugandan president  Yoweri
Museveni  at a dinner with African
heads of state in August 2014.  [489]
*  British Indian Ocean Territory 
*  Christmas Island 
*  Cocos (Keeling) Islands _Islands "LGBT rights in the Cocos \(Keeling\) Islands")
*  Hong Kong 
*  Macau
*  Saint Petersburg ") [  ru  ]
*  Violence against homosexuals ") [  ru  ]
*  Moscow Pride '06 
*  2014 Winter Olympics protests 
*  Principle 6 campaign 
*  In the Russo-Ukrainian War
####  Vice presidency
*  LGBT movements in the United States 
*  LGBT history in the United States 
*  History of violence against LGBT people in the United States 
*  2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
###  Barack Obama
Gender-affirming care for minors has been available in the U.S. for more than
a decade and is endorsed by major medical associations, but it has
increasingly come under attack in many conservative legislatures.  [168]
According to the ACLU, in 2023 alone, over 500 anti-LGBTQ bills were submitted
in the US, over 130 of which were about healthcare.  [169]  Efforts to
prohibit gender-affirming care for minors had begun several years earlier, but
did not receive much attention from state legislatures until more recently.
[170]  The conservative organization  Do No Harm
 "Do No Harm \(organization\)") was
influential in developing model legislation that appeared starting in 2022 in
Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, and West
Virginia legislatures.  [171]  [172]
Different procedures and requirements for legal name changes and gender marker
changes on  birth certificates 
,  drivers licenses  , social
security identification and  passports  exist and
can be inconsistent. Many states require  sex reassignment surgery
 to change their
name and gender marker. Also, documents that do not match each other can
present difficulties in conducting personal affairs - particularly those which
require multiple, matching forms of identification. Furthermore, having
documents that do not match a person's gender presentation has been reported
to lead to  harassment  and  discrimination
 .
*  LGBT Human Rights Project GayRussia.Ru (en)(ru) 
*  Russian National Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transsexual Website (ru) 
*  Is HOMO what OMON sees in the mirror? – The eXile (en) 
*  LGBT History: Russia (en) 
*  State Duma rejected "sexual hatred" to be the reason for criminal prosecution 14 February 2004 (en)   Archived  6 November 2013 at the  Wayback Machine 
*  Bashkortostan Parliament's deputy proposes legitimating homosexual marriages 22 May 2004 (en)   Archived  6 November 2013 at the  Wayback Machine 
*  Gay and lesbian parents afraid to send kids to school in Russia  , Xtra Magazine, 14 June 2014 (en)
Since April 11, 2022  US Passports  give
the sex/gender options of male, female and X by self determination.  [98]
Discrimination rates are very high for the transgender community and
especially for transgender people of color.  [99]  Some frequent examples of
discrimination and other forms of oppression faced by the transgender
community are violence and hate crimes,  [100]  [101]  homelessness,  [102]
poverty,  [103]  sexual assault,  [104]  [105]  [106]  housing discrimination,
[107]  employment discrimination,  [108]  harassment,  [109]  bullying,  [110]
disproportionate rates of arrest and incarceration,  [111]  prison and
immigration violence and mistreatment,  [112]  airport security humiliation,
[113]  [114]  HIV/AIDS  [115]  and health disparities,  [116]  [117]
governmental/bureaucratic barriers to transitioning (documents and surgery
requirements),  [118]  economic and societal barriers to transitioning (the
high costs of medical care and the frequent denial of care),  [119]  [120]  to
name only a few.
* Healthy living
*  Aromanticism 
*  Asexuality 
*  Gray asexuality 
*  Demisexuality 
*  Attraction to transgender people 
*  Banjee 
*  Bi-curious 
*  Gay 
*  Gay men 
*  Heteroflexible 
*  Lesbian 
*  Monosexual 
*  Non-heterosexual 
*  Pansexual 
*  Queer 
*  Questioning  "Questioning \(sexuality and gender\)")
*  Romantic orientation 
*  Same gender loving 
*  Sexual minority 
*  Tom  "Tom \(gender identity\)") /  Dee  "Dee \(gender identity\)")
###  Identity documents
*  Red Terror 
*  Collectivization 
*  Great Purge 
*  Population transfer 
*  Gulag 
*  List 
*  Holodomor 
*  Political abuse of psychiatry
|   Culture  |
*  Soviet dissidents  and their groups
*  List
###  Footer other information
*  Consolidated city-county 
*  Independent city  "Independent city \(United States\)")
*  Coterminous municipality 
*  Charter 
*  Mayor–council government 
*  Council–manager government 
*  City commission government 
*  Mayor 
*  City manager 
*  City council
On December 14, 1916, President  Woodrow Wilson  vetoed the  Immigration Act of 1917
 , which would have
excluded individuals from entering the United States who were found "mentally
defective" or who had a "constitutional psychopathic inferiority." A similar
Public Health Service definition of homosexuals was used simultaneously by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to reinforce the language of the
Immigration Act of 1917 and effectively ban all homosexual immigrants who
disclosed their sexual minority status. On February 5, 1917, the Congress
overrode Wilson's veto, implementing the Immigration Act of 1917 into law.
[346]
While many in the  Republican Party
 "Republican Party \(United
States\)") have become more supportive of same-sex marriage throughout recent
years, many are still opposed to the recognition of transgender rights within
the United States. More than half of those who identify as Republican believe
that same-sex marriage should be legal (55% in a Pew Research survey conducted
in May 2021).  [627]
---|---
 Legislative  "State legislature
\(United States\)") |
###  Marriage
HIV criminalization
laws by state:
---|---
By topic  |
Hate crime laws (also known as _bias crimes laws_ ) protect against crimes
motivated by feelings of enmity against a protected class. Until 2009, a 
1969 federal law  defined hate crimes committed on the basis
of a person's race, color, religion, or nation origin when engaging in a
federally protected activity. In October 2009, Congress passed the  Matthew
Shepard Act  , which
expanded the definition of hate crimes to include gender, sexual orientation,
gender identity, and disability.  [69]  It removed the requirement that the
victim of a hate crime be engaged in a federally protected activity.  [70]
President Obama signed the legislation on October 28, 2009.  [71]
Globally, efforts to change sexual orientation, commonly referred to as
conversion therapy, have been  accepted
 to cause long-
lasting psychological damage and are viewed as inherently discriminatory. In
2020, the United Nations  called
 for an international ban on the
practice.
|   /   (Discrimination on the basis of
 sexuality  prohibited in only housing, and not
public accommodations)  |   /   (Discrimination on the basis of
 gender identity  prohibited in
only housing, and not public accommodations)
###  Regional laws
In a television interview, Bush said if he found out his grandchild was gay,
he would "love his child", but tell him homosexuality was not normal and
discourage him from working for gay rights. In February 1992, the chairman of
the Bush-Quayle campaign met with the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
[367]  In May 1992, he appointed Anne-Imelda Radice to serve as the Acting
Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts.  [378]  Losing ground in the
1992 Republican president primary to President Bush's far-right challenger, 
Pat Buchanan  , the Bush campaign turned
to the right, and President Bush publicly denounced same-sex marriage.  [379]
*  Ages of consent 
*  Capital punishment 
*  Crime 
*  incarceration 
*  Criticism of government 
*  Discrimination 
*  affirmative action 
*  antisemitism 
*  hair texture 
*  intersex rights 
*  Islamophobia 
* LGBT rights
*  racism 
*  Native American 
*  African American 
*  same-sex marriage 
*  Drug policy 
*  Energy policy 
*  Environmental issues 
*  Environmental movement 
*  Climate change 
*  Environmental education 
*  Gun politics 
*  Mass shootings 
*  hunger 
*  obesity 
*  smoking 
*  Human rights 
*  Immigration 
*  illegal 
*  International rankings 
*  National security 
*  Mass surveillance 
*  Terrorism 
*  Separation of church and state 
*  Xenophobia
A 2019  CUHK  survey found that 60% agreed and 12% disagreed that there should
be increased anti-discrimination legal protections for people of different
sexual orientations, an increase in support from 56% agree and 35% disagree in
2016. The survey found that 49% agreed and 23% disagreed that a homosexual
should be able to marry their partner. However, when the question was framed
in terms of legal recognition of same-sex marriage, 44% agreed and 27%
disagreed. The survey also found that 54% would react negatively and 10%
positively if a business openly opposes anti-discrimination laws.  [91]
Russia has traditionally been  socially conservative
 on LGBT rights, with 2013
polls indicating a large majority of Russians oppose legal recognition of 
same-sex marriage  , and support
for laws restricting the distribution of "propaganda" that promotes non-
traditional sexual relationships.  [91]  [92]
*  Athletic Model Guild 
*  Black Cat Bar 
*  Black Cat Tavern 
*  DOB Australia  "Daughters of Bilitis \(Australia\)")
*  Homophile movement 
*  Garden of Allah (cabaret)  "Garden of Allah \(cabaret\)")
*  Julius (NYC bar)  "Julius \(restaurant\)")
*  Henry Gerber House 
*  Minorities Research Group  (UK)
*  ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives 
*  Oscar Wilde Bookshop 
*  The Patch  "The Patch \(bar\)")
*  Tavern Guild 
* LGBT rights in the United States
Special district  "Special
district \(United States\)") |
LGBT right  |  Federal protection  |  State-level protection
---|---|---
Same-sex sexual activity legal  |   (under _ Lawrence v.
Texas  _ , 2003)  [653]  |  
Equal age of consent  |   |  
 Romeo and Juliet laws 
apply equally to same-sex couples as to opposite-sex couples  |   |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in employment  |   [654]  |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in housing  |   /   (  HUD
 , a federal agency, changed its interpretation
of the Fair Housing Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual
orientation or gender identity. However no law has been passed by congress (or
reinterpreted by the supreme court) to ban discrimination on the basis of
sexual orientation or gender identity in housing.  [655]  )  |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in public accommodations  |   |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services  |   |   /   [656]
Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas  |   |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in health insurance  |   |   /  
 Anti-bullying legislation  in schools and colleges  |   |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in schools and colleges  |   |   /  
Anti-discrimination laws in  hospitals  |   |  
Anti-discrimination law in homeless shelters  |   |   /  
Discrimination against  Intersex  or  non-binary
 persons is interpreted to be a violation of
anti-discrimination laws when gender identity and/or sex is enumerated as a
protected class  |