mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
The symptoms of depression and anxiety are the most frequently reported mental
health issues in health careers, including psychiatrists. The definition of
depression is based on symptoms forming a syndrome, including depressed mood,
anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, suicidal ideation, plan, or
attempt, fatigue or loss of energy, insomnia or increased sleep, loss or
increase in appetite or weight and so on [  18
:2299–312.") ]. Anxiety often has a
series of symptoms, such as “feeling keyed up or tense”, “being unusually
restless”, “having trouble concentrating because of worry”, “having a fear
that something awful may happen”, and “feeling of that one might lose control
of oneself” [  19  ].Anxiety is common in the context of depression, and
almost two-thirds of individuals with major depressive disorder have clinical
anxiety [  20 :609–19.") ].Another severe condition of a
psychiatrist is work burnout [  21
:249–54.") ], which threatens
the psychiatrist’s health and leads to performance inefficiency and despair.
Burnout is a psychological syndrome in response to chronic occupational
stressors, consisting of three key dimensions: overwhelming exhaustion,
depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment [  22
:284–6.") ]. Burnout is closely related to depression and
anxiety in previous study [  23  ], and these symptoms often co-occur among medical staff [
 24 :298.") ,  25
 ]. However, burnout and
clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety were empirically distinct,
highlighting the importance of screening for burnout and clinical symptoms to
allow fast access to adequate support and treatment in health professionals [
 26 :e2030898.") ]. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a study investigated
the prevalence of anxiety and depression among hospital psychiatrists and
reported that the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 22.5% and 28.1% in
285 psychiatrists [  27  ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis reported a pooled
prevalence of 23.2% for anxiety and 22.8% for depression in healthcare workers
during the outbreak of COVID-19 [  28
 ]. A
later meta-analysis only included data from China revealed a higher prevalence
of anxiety (31.5%) and depression (23.7%) in healthcare workers [  29
:210–27.") ]. While the
psychiatrists’ career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands,
there is a lack of studies estimating the prevalence and evaluating the risk
factors related to the mental health of psychiatrists in China. A recent study
reported that the anxiety level in psychiatrists is lower than in physicians [
 27  ]. A recent study in
healthcare reported no significant increase in anxiety symptoms after the
COVID-19 pandemic [  30 :e0258866.") ]. Previous studies have shown that the
overall burnout among physicians during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic
ranged from 14.7–90.4% [  31  2022, 10\(6\).") ], and the introduction of COVID-19
has heightened existing challenges that physicians face, such as increased
workload, which is directly correlated with increased burnout [  32
 2020, 8\(4\).") ].
* Research
*  Open access 
* Published:  10 July 2023
| Psychopharmacology
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
[ 609-716-7777 ](tel:609-716-7777)
###  Consent to publish
| Psychedelics
Electronic ISSN 2036-4091
The questionnaire consists of three sections with 103 items. The first part
gathered demographic information of the participants, including gender, age,
marital status, level of education, and annual income. The second part
included questions about the professional lives: professional title; category,
and level of the medical institution; the major sub-discipline in psychiatry;
working address; working years in psychiatry; working days per week; daily
working hours; the number of beds in charge; providing psychological
counseling or not; and the forms of assaults that have been suffered. The
information about these 2 parts is listed in eTable 1 in the Supplement. The
survey also included questions on mental health status, including 5
standardized scales, including the Chinese versions of Patient Health
Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [  34 :110–6.")
], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) [  35
:200–3.") ], Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) [ 
36 :677–84.") ], Chinese Perceived Stress Scale
(CPSS) [  37 .") ],and
Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) [  38
 ], which measured
symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, perceived stress, and social support
respectively. The total scores of these scales were interpreted as follows:
PHQ-9, normal (0–4), mild [  5  ,  6  ,  7  ,  8  ,  9
:296–7.") ], moderate [
10  ,  11  ,  12  ,  13  ,  14  ], and severe [  15  ,  16  ,  17
,  18  ,  19  ,  20  ,  21  ,  22  ,  23  ,  24  ,  25  ,  26  ,  27
 ] depression; GAD-7,
normal (0–4), mild [  5  ,  6  ,  7  ,  8  ,  9
:296–7.") ], moderate [
10  ,  11  ,  12  ,  13  ,  14  ], and severe [  15  ,  16  ,  17
,  18  ,  19  ,  20  ,  21 :249–54.") ] anxiety; MBI-GS (including three dimensions,
Emotional Exhaustion, Cynicism, Reduced Personal Accomplishment, each range
0–6, with a higher score indicating more burnout), normal (< 3 on each of the
three dimensions), mild (≥ 3 in one of the three dimensions), moderate (≥ 3 in
two of the three dimensions), and severe (≥ 3 in three dimensions). CPSS,
scored 0–56, with a higher score indicating perceived higher stress. SSRS [ 
39 :1–3.") ], scored 13–66, with a higher score
meaning a higher level of social support the participant received. In the
present study, cutoff scores of 5 for the PHQ-9, 5 for the GAD-7, and 3 in
each dimension for burnout were adopted to detect depression, anxiety, and
burnout symptoms. In addition, we divided perceived stress into low and high
levels with 25 as the boundary points and social support into low, moderate,
and high groups with 31 and 49 as the boundary points to analyze the impact on
anxiety, depression, and burnout [  40
:760–4.") ]. The
Cronbach’s Alpha of the measurements is: PHQ-9: 0.894; GAD-7: 0.918; MBI-GS:
0.923; CPSS: 0.863; SSRS: 0.717.
Privacy Policy  –  About Cookies
 –  Report a problem
#  Philosophy of Friendship and Psychiatry
| Neuropsychiatry
###  [ David H.  Brendel  ](836)
##  Outline
Reexamining the Link Between Antidepressants and Suicidality in Children and
Adolescents    The ABCs of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for
Schizophrenia   
Treating Paul Celan    Cognitive Decline in
Elderly Predicted by Brain Imaging    CATIE Phase 2: Clozapine Most Effective, Followed
by Risperidone, Olanzapine    Happy Endings    “My
Madness Saved Me”: The Madness and Marriage of Virginia Woolf    Eating Disorders in
Schizophrenia    Research in
Psychosomatic Medicine: Beginning to Set the Future Agenda    BasicNeeds: Helping the
Mentally Ill Live Productively    Emotional Maltreatment of Children: Relationship to
Psychopathology    Do Physicians Use Practice Guidelines?    Should the Diagnosis of Melancholia Be
Revived?    Infectious Agents
in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder    Exploring the Link Between Environmental
Noise and Psychiatric Disorder
June 1, 2006
Cultural Corner
| Cannabis
* __ English
*  Français
All the statistically significant variables in the Chi-square test were
entered into the multivariate analysis (results in Table  3
 ). It is particularly important
that the psychiatrists who perceived higher stress were more likely to suffer
from depressive symptoms (adjusted ORs: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907–6.752]); anxiety
symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255–13.049]), and burnout (adjusted
ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795–14.298]). In contrast, receiving high social support
was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted
ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080–0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI,
0.111–0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148–0.686]). In the
multivariable analysis, having a medium annual income (14,360–43,080 $ ) was
found to be associated with a lower risk for the symptoms of depression
(adjusted ORs: 0.467 [95%CI, 0.292–0.784]) and anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.524
[95%CI, 0.314–0.874]). Working in the field of psychiatry for more than 10
years (adjusted ORs: 1.948 [95%CI, 1.244–3.049]), and working in a secondary
hospital (adjusted ORs: 2.427[95%CI, 1.045–5.637]) was related to the higher
risk for depression symptoms. Having children displayed a remarkably higher
risk for anxiety (adjusted ORs: 2.973 [95%CI, 1.732–5.104]). Intermediate or
above professional title was a protective factor for burnout (adjusted ORs for
Intermediate title: 0.479 [95%CI, 0.302–0.758]; adjusted ORs for senior title:
0.561 [95%CI, 0.337–0.933]).
##  Full text
13. Hongqiang Sun
Mood Disorders in Psychiatric Times
In recent years, China has gradually strengthened the construction of the
mental health prevention and control system, forming progressively a national,
provincial, prefecture-level city, county (district), township (street),
village (community) mental health prevention and control service system that
is mainly composed of specialized psychiatric hospitals, supplemented by
comprehensive hospitals, supported by primary medical and health institutions
and mental disease rehabilitation institutions, and supplemented by disease
prevention and control centers [  7
:485–8.") ]. The National Health Commission of the People’s
Republic of China has set standards for different levels of psychiatric
hospitals (  http://www.nhc.gov.cn  ), and the
standard considered several aspects, such as the number of beds and medical
workers. Psychiatrists play the most crucial role in guiding the diagnosis and
treatment of mental illnesses, but cultivating a psychiatrist is a long
process. In China, to train as a psychiatrist, you will start training as a
medical doctor (4–6 years), then receive standardized training for resident
physicians, according to different majors, including psychiatry. After a year
of “24-hour resident physician” training, you can become a psychiatrist, but
completing the training requires at least three years. There is a national
psychiatrist certification system, and every psychiatrist has to pass this
qualification to practice psychiatry. This process usually takes at least 6
years from receiving medical education. Numerous studies have addressed the
escalating shortage of psychiatrists, and several programs have tried
recruiting future psychiatrists [  8
:350–3.") ,  9
:296–7.") ]. To
increase the supply of the psychiatric workforce, 31 medical colleges across
China have established psychiatry programs for medical students with vigorous
promotion by the National Health Commission and the Ministry of Education.
These are specialized programs with a curriculum focusing on psychiatry-
related teaching, to fast-track graduates to psychiatry residency directly.
Compared to increasing the number of future psychiatrists, the more urgent
problem is investigating the mental health and work burnout status of
practicing psychiatrists to improve their health status and better serve
patients.
[ OpenEdition  Search  __ ](javascript:;)
Conference Coverage    Conference Listing
__ English
##  Call
©  2024  MJH Life Sciences
##  [ All issues ](263)
Libraries and institutions
* Published  :  10 July 2023
| Special Populations
CAS   Google Scholar
| Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion
* Submission enquiries:  bmcpsychiatry@biomedcentral.com 
* General enquiries:  ORSupport@springernature.com
Yanping Bao & Lin Lu
2. Xiao Lin
Climate Change   Critical Conversations in
Psychiatry   Portraits
  Psychiatric Views on the Daily News
  Tales From the Clinic: The
Art of Psychiatry  
Tales from the New Asylum
A Pragmatist Viewpoint
5. Na Li
The present survey shows that during the prevalence of COVID-19, a
considerable proportion of psychiatrists is experiencing mental health
conditions, which is similar to previous studies on healthcare worker’s [  41
:e10.") , 
42 :1515–29.") ]. In contrast to previous
studies, we detected a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than anxiety.
A recent survey also found similar results that the prevalence of depressive
symptoms is higher than anxiety in Mexican psychiatrists [  43
:698–707.") ]. One of the important reasons may be that in the
early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, physicians often showed anxiety-related
behaviors, such as tension, worry, and uneasiness. With the persistence of the
epidemic, the awareness of the epidemic gradually improved. However, the work
pressure related to the epidemic persists, such as being unable to visit
relatives for a long time. The initial worry gradually decreased and was
internalized into a continuous depressive reaction, including depression
emotion, pessimism, and despair [  44

]. Another reason may be due to the self-diagnosis process, as a previous
study suggested that physicians tend to under- or over-react to their
symptoms, switching from diagnosing diseases with the worst prognosis to
ruling out a disorder altogether [  45
. 2001;323\(7315\):728–31.") ]. A similar problem may
happen to the psychiatrist as well. However, data on anxiety and depression in
psychiatrists are very insufficient, making it impossible to conclude the
impact of the pandemic on the mental health conditions in psychiatrists [  28
 ].
The burnout rate in our study is consistent with a recently published report,
which showed that 42% of psychiatrists reported burnout in the last year [ [
46 ](/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04969-5#ref-CR46 "Medscape: Medscape
Psychiatrist Lifestyle, HappinessBurnout, Report.
7. Le Shi
* 12  Altmetric
*  Français
| Cultural Psychiatry
*  Psychiatrist 
*  Mental health 
*  Depressive symptoms 
*  Anxiety symptoms 
*  Burnout 
*  COVID-19
David[at]drdavidbrendel.com
* [ Contact  ](692)
* [ Website credits  ](343)
*  Publishing policies
| Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
| Digital Therapeutics
Film and Book Reviews   Poetry
  Writers Contest
##  Index
James Amos, MD
Expert Perspectives on the Unmet Needs in the Management of Major Depressive
Disorder
* Accepted  :  19 June 2023
| Schizophrenia/Psychosis
| Integrative Psychiatry
####  BMC Psychiatry
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing, China, from January 6 to
January 30, 2022. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Peking
University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health). Written informed
consent was received before the respondents began the questionnaire. This
study follows the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR)
reporting guideline. A self-designed survey was initiated by The Beijing
Medical Doctor Association, a voluntary, non-profit medical professional
association in China. This online survey is published and collected through
“Questionnaire Star” (  https://www.wjx.cn/  ).
Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach. Based on the
feasibility of the research, the simple sampling method we used was similar to
stratified sampling, but it was not strictly a typical stratified sampling.
The survey was sent to the psychiatric specialist hospitals and general
hospitals with a psychiatric departments at all levels in Beijing through the
psychiatry specialist branch of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association. The
psychiatric system consists of several levels of medical institutions:
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary (the National Health Commission set the
standard). The contact person of the hospital forwarded the questionnaire to
their respective hospital’s doctor work WeChat group, explaining the purpose
of the survey and notifying the doctors to fill it out voluntarily. Each
network device can only fill in the questionnaire once. This was an anonymous
survey, and the confidentiality of the data was ensured. This survey was
designed to investigate the mental health of practicing psychiatrists in
Beijing, China. The inclusion criteria: [  1
:137–50.") ] voluntarily
participate; [  2 :e2014053.") ] aged 18–65 years old; [ 
3 :352–3.") ]
working in medical institutions in Beijing now. The exclusion criteria: a
history of mental illness that met the criteria on DSM-5, such as
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, insomnia disorder, alcohol dependence, or drug
dependence, existed before engaging in psychiatric work. The target sample
size was determined by assuming that the prevalence (p) of depression symptoms
would be 28.8% [  33 :2373–83.") ]. We selected the
depressive symptoms to estimate the sample size for two reasons. First,
regarding the disease classification level of mental disorders, the disease
level of depression is higher than that of anxiety and burnout, and depression
often has more severe consequences. Second, a larger sample size with a lower
detection rate is needed, so we calculated the sample size according to the
symptoms with the lowest detection rate [  24
:298.") ]. We used G*power to calculate the required
sample size (n = 422). Based on a 75% response rate assumption, this would
require surveying 563 individuals.
2022") ]. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government adopted strict prevention and control measures different from those of most countries in the world so that the development of the epidemic in China did not get out of control. These measures put forward higher requirements for medical staff, encouraging them to adopt the two-dot and one-line lifestyle (only going to and from the hospital and residence, not going to other places, especially not participating in gathering social activities), irregular support for epidemic prevention and control in different regions, and support for large-scale nucleic acid testing of a novel coronavirus, which may make Chinese doctors face higher work pressure, and make their mental health status different from other countries during this period. It is worth noting that about 91% of the psychiatrist have been assaulted at least once in the present study, which suggests that psychiatrists have more work-related emotional exhaustion [  58 :112–23.") ], and their work is more emotionally difficult than that of other doctors. A previous study showed that insomnia mediated the association between perceived stress and depression [  59  ]. Another study showed that alexithymia moderated the perceived stress-mediated relations between the pandemic events and the changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms by enhancing the detrimental effect of perceived stress on mental health [  60  ]. Effective and acceptable programs should be implemented to reduce the perceived stress in the psychiatrist. Tai Chi/Yoga could be an alternative method for stress reduction for individuals who live under high stress or negative emotions [  61  on heart rate variability parameters and perceived stress: a systematic review with Meta-analysis of Randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med 2018, 7\(11\).") ].
OpenEdition Search   Newsletter
* Share  __
*  __ Facebook 
*  __ Twitter 
*  __ Google+
Volume  23
| Geriatric Psychiatry
| Psychotherapy
Skip to navigation  –  Site map
| Climate Change
8. Jia He
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
##  About the author
The prevalence of symptoms for the three mental health conditions was 33.2%
(95%CI, 29.3-37.1%) for depression (187 participants total, including 137
participants [24.3%] with mild depression and 50 participants [8.9%] with
moderate-to-severe depression), 25.4% (95%CI, 21.8-29.0%) for anxiety (143
participants total, including 116 participants [20.6%] with mild anxiety and
27 [4.8%] with moderate-to-severe anxiety), and 40.6% (95%CI, 36.5-44.7%) for
burnout (229 participants total, including 160 participants [28.4%] with mild
burnout and 69 participants [12.2%] with moderate-to-severe burnout). We also
used _χ_ _2_ tests to compare the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and
burnout in different populations (for details, see Table  2
 ). The prevalence of symptoms of
the 3 mental health was high among psychiatrists with low income (depression,
44.6%; anxiety, 32.5%; burnout, 51.0%), high perceived stress (depression,
60.2%; anxiety, 57.1%; burnout, 78.3%), and low social support (depression,
60.0%; anxiety, 46.3%; burnout, 67.5%). The prevalence of symptoms of
depression was high among psychiatrists in males (39.8%), with Bachelor’s
degree or below (37.9%), working in secondary hospitals (41.8%), worked in the
field of psychiatry for more than 10 years (37.3%), treating 0 patients in
half a day (38.1%), and being assaulted by three or more forms (45.5%). The
prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was high among psychiatrists in males
(31.5%), having children (28.3%), working in a psychiatric hospital (27.3%),
working in secondary hospitals (30.6%), working more than 8 h per day (29.6%),
and being assaulted by three or more forms (40.9%). The prevalence of burnout
was high among psychiatrists aged 18–35 years (47.7%), having no children
(48.6%), with a primary title (52.2%), worked less than 10 years (46.3%),
treating 0 patients in half a day (50.2%).
| Anxiety & Stress Disorders
OpenEdition Journals member  – 
Published with Lodel  –  Administration only
Our services
Message ID:  720203038
* Lack of control.
#  Stress and the Psychiatrist: An Introduction
The text only may be used under licence  CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
 . All other elements
(illustrations, imported files) are “All rights reserved”, unless otherwise
stated.
###  References:
| Expert Perspectives on the Clinical Management of Bipolar 1 Disorder
* Unpredictability.
* Intense responsibility.
Site map  – [ Contact
](692) – [ Website credits  ](343) –  Syndication
9. Yundong Ma
| Tardive Dyskinesia
_Publication_
*  OpenEdition Newsletter
In the present study, we found that having a medium annual income was
associated with a lower risk for the symptoms of depression and anxiety. This
is to some extent consistent with Western research, which suggest that lower-
income Americans are less likely to report being in good health and are more
likely to have high-stress levels [  50
:15838–43.") ]. Depression and anxiety may
affect people’s cognitive function, affecting workability and thus economic
income [  51 .") ]. Conversely, poverty itself can
influence cognitive function by capturing attention and taxing mental
bandwidth [  52 :976–80.") ] In addition, depression and anxiety may affect an
individual’s economic level by influencing their beliefs, preferences,
creativity, work hours, efficiency, creativity, etc. [  51
.") ]. We also found that working in a Secondary
hospital, and working longer in the psychiatry field increases the risk of
depressive symptoms. This may be related to the shortage of medical staff in
secondary hospitals, higher work pressure, and relatively low income. On the
other hand, the longer the working experience, the more work tasks one needs
to undertake, such as undertaking routine medical work, administrative
management work, organizing and attending various academic conferences, and so
on. These often occupy many psychiatrists’ spare time, consume a lot of
energy, and increase occupational stress, which may affect depression [ [ 46
](/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-04969-5#ref-CR46 "Medscape: Medscape
Psychiatrist Lifestyle, HappinessBurnout, Report.
###  Warning Signs You May Have an Addiction
In-patient luxury rehab center in Thailand
* WHAT WE TREAT
*  Substance abuse 
*  Alcohol addiction 
*  Cocaine abuse 
*  Living sober 
*  All treatments
Nothing Found
**2\. Alcohol addiction**
*  Overview 
*  Stay at Work 
*  Wellness & Prevention 
*  Employee Assistance 
*  Crisis Management Services 
*  Disability Prevention 
*  Return to Work 
*  Adjudication & Case Management 
*  Rapid IMPACT 
*  Assessments
* Additional Services ****
*  Homewood 
*  For Organizations 
*  For Individuals 
*  Homewood Health Centre 
*  Therapy@Home
#  The Difference Between Bad Habits and Addiction
*  Behavioral addiction: signs, types, and treatment 
*  Exercise addiction signs, symptoms, and treatments 
*  20 Different addiction types: from drug addiction to porn addiction 
*  What is addiction?
**5\. Digital addictions**
See all results
**1\. Sex addiction**
###  Wendy Wood
####  Nov 5, 2019
Get In Touch
This is adapted from an excerpt of  _Good Habits, Bad Habits: The Science of
Making Positive Changes That Stick_  .
##  Table of content
*  Home 
*  Program 
*  Contact
*  Legal  
*  Terms & Conditions  
*  Privacy & Records
**** Search Homewood Health