mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
Reducing emotional arousal is also suggested by the  human givens
 approach in order to counter emotional
reasoning.  [9]  High emotional arousal inhibits brain regions necessary for
logical complex reasoning. With less emotional arousal, cognitive reasoning is
less affected and it is easier for the subject to disassociate reality from
emotions.
##  Treatment
This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ( 
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
 ), which permits others
to distribute the work, provided that the article is not altered or used
commercially. You are not required to obtain permission to distribute this
article, provided that you credit the author and journal.
Emotional reasoning, as a concept, was first introduced by psychiatrist 
Aaron Beck  .  [7]  It was included as a part
of Beck's broader research topic: cognitive distortions and  depression
 "Depression \(mood\)") . To counteract cognitive
distortions, Beck developed a type of therapy formally known as cognitive
therapy, which became associated with  cognitive-behavioral therapy
 .  [8]
See reviews...

 See all...
6\.
Aninda B. Acharya  ;  Juan Carlos Sánchez-Manso  .
Before seeking professional help, an individual can influence the effect that
emotional reasoning has on them based on his or her  coping method
 "Coping \(psychology\)") . Using a proactive,
problem-focused coping style is more effective at reducing stress and
deterring stressful events.  [13]  Additionally, having good social support
also leads to lower psychological stress.  [13]  If an individual chooses to
seek professional help, a psychologist will often use cognitive-behavioural
therapy to teach the patient how to challenge their cognitive distortions,
including emotional reasoning. In this approach, the automatic thoughts that
control emotional reasoning are identified, studied, and reasoned through by
the patient.  [7]  In doing so, the psychologist hopes to change the automatic
thoughts of the patient and reduce the patient's stress levels.  [7]
Cognitive behavioural therapy has been generally regarded as the most-
effective method of treatment for emotional reasoning.
Turró-Garriga O, Garre-Olmo J, Calvó-Perxas L, Reñé-Ramírez R, Gascón-Bayarri
J, Conde-Sala JL. Course and Determinants of Anosognosia in Alzheimer's
Disease: A 12-Month Follow-up.  J Alzheimers Dis.  2016;  51  (2):357-66.  [ 
PubMed  : 26890611   ]
####  Authors
Serious Gaming  |
Anosognosia - StatPearls
##  Prognosis
Emotional reasoning had been attributed to automatic thinking, but Beck
believed that it stemmed from negative thoughts that were uncontrollable and
happened without effort.  [8]  This reasoning has been commonly accepted over
the years. Most recently, a new explanation states that an "activating agent"
or sensory trigger from the environment increases  emotional arousal
 .  [9]  With this increase in arousal, certain
areas of the brain are inhibited.  [9]  The combination of an increase in
emotional arousal and the inhibition of parts of the brain leads to emotional
reasoning.  [9]
Ptak R, Lazeyras F. Functional connectivity and the failure to retrieve
meaning from shape in visual object agnosia.  Brain Cogn.  2019 Apr;  131
:94-101.  [  PubMed  : 30591372  
]
##  Factors
##  Introduction
Egbert AR. A Framework for Ethical Decision Making in the Rehabilitation of
Patients with Anosognosia.  J Clin Ethics.  2017 Spring;  28  (1):57-66.  [ 
PubMed  : 28436930   ]
4\.
Prigatano GP. Anosognosia and patterns of impaired self-awareness observed in
clinical practice.  Cortex.  2014 Dec;  61  :81-92.  [  PubMed  : 25481467
 ]
##  Etiology
Empathy gap ](/wiki/Power_\(philosophy\)
Retrieved from " 
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emotional_reasoning&oldid=1191906117

"
Emotional reasoning examples  Emotion  |  Facts  |  False conclusion  |
---|---|---|---
I feel  jealous  .  |  My spouse is apparently
faithful and loving.  |  My spouse is unfaithful, because I wouldn't feel
jealous if my spouse were faithful and loving.  |  [10]  [11]
I feel  lonely  .  |  My friends and family
seem to like me and normally treat me well.  |  I am unlovable, because I
wouldn't feel lonely if I were lovable.  |  [10]
I feel  guilty  "Guilt \(emotion\)") .  |  Neither I
nor anyone around me is aware of any wrong I've done.  |  I did something
wrong, because I wouldn't feel guilty unless I had done something wrong.  |
[10]  [11]  [12]
I feel  angry  at her.  |  I can't think of anything
upsetting she did or any harm she caused me.  |  She did something wrong,
because I wouldn't feel angry at her unless she had done something wrong.  |
[10]
I feel  stupid  .  |  My academic and
professional success is typical or better.  |  I am stupid, because I wouldn't
feel stupid or  doubt my proven abilities  unless I really was stupid.  |  [10]
Hot-cold empathy gap

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If not treated, debilitating effects can occur, the most common being 
depression  "Depression \(mood\)") .  [22]
However, emotional reasoning has the potential to be useful when appraising
the outside world and not ourselves. How one feels when assessing an object,
person or event, can be an instinctual survival response and a way to adapt to
the world.  [23]  "The  amygdala  buried deep in
the  limbic system  serves as an early
warning device for novelty, precisely so that attention can be mobilized to
alert the mind to potential danger and to prepare for a potential of  flight
or fight  ."  [ _ who said this?
 _ ]  [24]
*  Behavior 
*  Behavioral engineering 
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*  Cognition 
*  Competence  "Competence \(polyseme\)")
*  Consciousness 
*  Consumer behavior 
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*  Psychology of religion 
*  Psychometrics
##  Implications
References  

1. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Van Boven, Leaf; Loewenstein, George; Dunning, David; Nordgren, Loran F. (2013).  "Changing Places: A Dual Judgment Model of Empathy Gaps in Emotional Perspective Taking"  (PDF)  . In Zanna, Mark P.; Olson, James M. (eds.). _Advances in Experimental Social Psychology_ . Vol. 48. Academic Press. pp. 117–171.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1016/B978-0-12-407188-9.00003-X  .  ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  9780124071889   . Archived from  the original  (PDF)  on 2016-05-28.
2. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ _**c** _ Loewenstein, George (2005).  "Hot-Cold Empathy Gaps and Medical Decision Making"  (PDF)  . _Health Psychology_ . **24** (4, Suppl): S49–S56.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.S49  .  PMID  "PMID \(identifier\)")  16045419  .  Archived  (PDF)  from the original on 2016-04-13.
3. ** ^  ** Loewenstein, George (2000).  "Emotions in Economic Theory and Economic Behavior"  (PDF)  . _American Economic Review_ . **90** (2): 426–432.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1257/aer.90.2.426  .  Archived  (PDF)  from the original on 2012-01-05.
4. ** ^  ** Loewenstein, George (1996).  "Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior" .pdf) (PDF)  . _Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes_ . **65** (3): 272–292.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1006/obhd.1996.0028  . Archived from  the original .pdf) (PDF)  on 2015-09-06.
5. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Loewenstein, George (1999).  "A Visceral Account of Addiction"  (PDF)  . In Elster, Jon; Skog, Ole-Jørgen (eds.).  _Getting Hooked: Rationality and Addiction_  . Cambridge University Press. pp. 235–264.  ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  9780521640084   . Archived from  the original  (PDF)  on 2013-11-01.
6. ** ^  ** Risen, Jane L. (2007). "Visceral Influences". In Baumeister, Roy F.; Vohs, Kathleen D. (eds.). _Encyclopedia of Social Psychology_ . SAGE Publications.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.4135/9781412956253.n603  .  ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  9781412916707   .
7. ** ^  ** Robers, S., Zhang, J., and Truman, J. (2010).  "Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2010"   Archived  2013-02-27 at the  Wayback Machine  (NCES 2011-002/NCJ 230812). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC.
*  Acceptance 
*  Admiration 
*  Adoration 
*  Aesthetic 
*  Affection 
*  Agitation 
*  Agony 
*  Amusement 
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*  Depression  "Depression \(mood\)")
*  Desire 
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*  Ecstasy  "Ecstasy \(emotion\)")
*  Embarrassment 
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*  Flow  "Flow \(psychology\)")
*  Frustration 
*  Gratification 
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*  Greed 
*  Grief 
*  Guilt  "Guilt \(emotion\)")
*  Happiness 
* _ Joie de vivre  _
*  Hatred 
* _ Hiraeth  _
*  Homesickness 
*  Hope 
*  Horror 
*  Hostility 
*  Humiliation 
* _ Hygge  _
*  Hysteria 
*  Ikigai (sense of purpose) 
*  Indulgence 
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*  Interest  "Interest \(emotion\)")
*  Irritation 
*  Isolation  "Isolation \(psychology\)")
*  Jealousy 
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*  limerence 
*  at first sight 
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* _ Mono no aware  _
*  Neglect 
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*  Outrage  "Outrage \(emotion\)")
*  Panic 
*  Passion  "Passion \(emotion\)")
*  Pity 
*  self-pity 
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*  grandiosity 
*  hubris 
*  insult 
*  vanity 
*  Rage  "Rage \(emotion\)")
*  Regret 
*  Rejection 
*  Relief  "Relief \(emotion\)")
*  Remorse 
*  Resentment 
*  Revenge 
*  Sadness 
*  melancholy 
* _ Saudade  _
* _ Schadenfreude  _
* _ Sehnsucht  _
*  Sentimentality 
*  Shame 
*  Shock 
*  Shyness 
*  Social connection 
*  Sorrow  "Sorrow \(emotion\)")
*  Spite  "Spite \(sentiment\)")
*  Stress 
*  chronic 
*  Suffering 
*  Surprise  "Surprise \(emotion\)")
*  Sympathy 
*  Trust  "Trust \(social science\)")
*  Wonder  "Wonder \(emotion\)")
*  sense of wonder 
*  Worry
Let’s Talk!
##  Epidemiology
2\.
PubMed Central citations
###  Recent Activity
Fennig S, Everett E, Bromet EJ, Jandorf L, Fennig SR, Tanenberg-Karant M,
Craig TJ. Insight in first-admission psychotic patients.  Schizophr Res.  1996
Dec 15;  22  (3):257-63.  [  PubMed  : 9000323
 ]
##  History and Physical
_M Das J, Naqvi IA._ _StatPearls. 2024 Jan_
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Basic psychology  "Basic science
\(psychology\)")
##  Reduction techniques
Orfei MD, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. The evaluation of anosognosia in stroke
patients.  Cerebrovasc Dis.  2009;  27  (3):280-9.  [  PubMed  : 19202333
 ]
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Baier B, Karnath HO. Incidence and diagnosis of anosognosia for hemiparesis
revisited.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.  2005 Mar;  76  (3):358-61.  [ 
PMC free article  : PMC1739568   ] [  PubMed  :
15716526   ]
Here are some things you could try:
Memory_biases "List of cognitive biases")

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*  Babinski's anosognosia for hemiplegia in early twentieth-century French neurology.  [J Hist Neurosci. 2009]
Anton Syndrome.
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*  Acquiescence 
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##  Postoperative and Rehabilitation Care
Negative memories and stressful life circumstances have a chance to trigger
depression. The main factor for causing depression is unresolved life
experiences. People who experience emotional reasoning are more likely to
connect to depression.  Emotion-focused therapy
 (EFT) is a
form of psychotherapy which can help people find a positive perspective of
their emotional process. EFT is a research-based treatment that emphasizes
emotional change, which is the goal of this therapy. EFT has two different
alternative therapies for treatments: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
which emphasizes changing self-defeating thoughts and behaviors; and
interpersonal therapy (IPT), which emphasizes changing people's skills to have
better interaction with others.  [17]
*  Comment on this article.
Emotions  (  list  )
###  Similar articles in PubMed
Further reading  

* Metcalfe, Janet; Mischel, Walter (1999). "A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower". _Psychological Review_ . **106** (1): 3–19.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3  .  PMID  "PMID \(identifier\)")  10197361  .
* Van Boven, Leaf; Loewenstein, George (2003). "Social Projection of Transient Drive States". _Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin_ . **29** (9): 1159–1168.  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :  10.1177/0146167203254597  .  PMID  "PMID \(identifier\)")  15189611  .  S2CID  "S2CID \(identifier\)")  13252127  .
* Ruttan, Rachel L.; Nordgren, Loran F. (2015).  "Perceptions of Desire: A Hot-Cold Empathy Gap Perspective"  . In Hofmann, Wilhelm; Nordgren, Loran F. (eds.). _The Psychology of Desire_ .  ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  9781462521609   .

*  v  
*  t  
*  e  

 Biases 

---

 Cognitive biases 

|

*  Acquiescence 
*  Ambiguity 
*  Anchoring  "Anchoring \(cognitive bias\)")
*  Attentional 
*  Attribution 
*  Actor–observer 
*  Correspondence 
*  Authority 
*  Automation 
*  Availability 
*  Mean world 
*  Belief 
*  Blind spot 
*  Choice-supportive 
*  Commitment 
*  Confirmation 
*  Compassion fade 
*  Congruence 
*  Cultural 
*  Distinction 
*  Dunning–Kruger 
*  Egocentric 
*  Curse of knowledge 
*  Emotional 
*  Extrinsic incentives 
*  Fading affect 
*  Framing  "Framing effect \(psychology\)")
*  Frequency 
*  Frog pond effect 
*  Halo effect 
*  Hindsight 
*  Horn effect 
*  Hostile attribution 
*  Impact 
*  Implicit 
*  In-group 
*  Mean world syndrome 
*  Mere-exposure effect 
*  Negativity 
*  Normalcy 
*  Omission 
*  Optimism 
*  Out-group homogeneity 
*  Outcome 
*  Overton window 
*  Precision 
*  Present 
*  Pro-innovation 
*  Response 
*  Restraint 
*  Self-serving 
*  Social comparison 
*  Social influence bias 
*  Spotlight 
*  Status quo 
*  Substitution 
*  Time-saving 
*  Trait ascription 
*  Turkey illusion 
*  von Restorff effect 
*  Zero-risk 
*  In animals 

 Statistical biases  "Bias \(statistics\)") |

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*  Psychological  "Information bias \(psychology\)")
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Abela E, Missimer JH, Pastore-Wapp M, Krammer W, Wiest R, Weder BJ. Early
prediction of long-term tactile object recognition performance after
sensorimotor stroke.  Cortex.  2019 Jun;  115  :264-279.  [  PubMed  :
30875614   ]
Cognitive schemas  "Schema \(psychology\)") is
one of the factors to cause emotional reasoning. Schema is made of how we look
at this world and our real-life experiences. Schema helps us remember the
important things or events that happened in our lives. The result of the
learning process is the schema, and it is also made by classical and operant
conditioning. For example, an individual can develop a schema about terrorists
and spiders that are very dangerous. Based on their schema, people can change
what they think or how they are biased about the way they perceive things.
Information-processing biases of schema impact how a person thinks and
remembers, and their understanding of experiences and information. The bias
makes a person's schema automatically access similar content of schema. For
example, a person with rat phobia is more likely to visualize or perceive a
rat being near them. Schemas also easily connect with schema-central stimuli.
For example, when depressed people start to think about negative things, it
can be very difficult for them to think of anything positive.  [15]
##  Evaluation
*  Review  The relations between cognitive and motivational components of anosognosia for left-sided hemiplegia and the right hemisphere dominance for emotions: A historical survey.  [Conscious Cogn. 2021]
*  Review  History of Anosognosia.  [Front Neurol Neurosci. 2019]
*  Cognitive psychologists
Links to PubMed
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*  Bias 
*  Popular psychology 
*  Emotional issues 
*  Cognitive biases 
*  Reasoning
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##  Treatment / Management
Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.
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---
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*  Dual-coding theories 
*  Media psychology 
*  Mental imagery 
*  Numerical cognition 
*  Propositional encoding
Visceral factors  

See also:  Impulsive behavior 

Visceral factors are an array of influences which include hunger, thirst,
love, sexual arousal, drug cravings for the drugs one is addicted to, physical
pain, and desire for revenge. These drives have a disproportionate effect on
decision making and behavior: the mind, when affected (i.e., in a hot state),
tends to ignore all other goals in an effort to placate these influences.
These states can lead a person to feel "out of control" and act impulsively.
[4]  [5]  [6]
* Validity testing: Patients defend their thoughts and ideas using objective evidence to support their assumptions. If they cannot, they might be exposed to emotional reasoning.  [16]
* Cognitive reversal: Patients are told of a difficult situation that they had in the past, and work with a therapist to help them address and correct their problems. This can prepare the patient for similar situations so that they do not revert to emotional reasoning.  [16]
* Guided discovery: The therapist asks the patients a series of questions designed to help them realize their  cognition  distortions.  [16]
* Writing in a journal: Patients form a habit of writing in a journal to record the situations they face, emotions and thoughts they experience, and their responses or behaviors to them. The therapist and patient then analyze how the patient's maladaptive thought patterns influence their behaviors.  [16]
* Homework: Once the patient acquires the ability to perform self-recovery and remember the insights gained from therapy sessions, the patient is tasked with reviewing sessions and reading related books to focus their thoughts and behaviors, which are recorded and reviewed for the next therapy session.  [16]
* Modeling: The therapist could use role-playing to act in different ways in response to imagined situations so that patients could understand and model their behavior.  [16]
* Systematic positive reinforcement: The behavior-oriented therapist would use a reward system (systematic  positive reinforcement  ) to motivate patients to reinforce specific behaviors.  [16]
##  Origin
Addiction  

George F. Loewenstein explored visceral factors related to addictions like
smoking. The factors have to do with drive states which are essential for
living – for example, sleepiness and hunger. Loewenstein discovered that
addicts mistakenly categorize their addiction as an essential living drive
state due to a behavior disorder.  [5]
Bullying  

The empathy gap has been an important idea in research about the causes of 
bullying  .  [7]  : IV
##  Pathophysiology
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Bias reduction  |
*  Cognitive bias mitigation 
*  Debiasing 
*  Heuristics in judgment and decision-making  "Heuristic \(psychology\)")
Emotional reasoning is related to other similar concepts, such as:  motivated
reasoning  , a type of
reasoning wherein individuals reach conclusions from  bias  instead of empirical motivations;  [4]   emotional intelligence
 , which relates to
the ways in which individuals use their emotions to understand situations or
the information and reach conclusions;  [5]  and  cognitive distortion
 or cognitive deficiency,
wherein individuals misinterpret situations or make decisions without
considering a range of consequences.  [6]
##  Continuing Education Activity