Millon's brief description of personality disorders  [28]  : 4  Type of
personality disorder  |  DSM-5 inclusion  |  Description
---|---|---
 Paranoid  |  yes  |  Guarded, defensive, distrustful and suspicious.
Hypervigilant to the motives of others to undermine or do harm. Always seeking
confirmatory evidence of hidden schemes. Feel righteous, but persecuted.
Experience a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspicion of others that lasts
a long time. They are generally difficult to work with and are very hard to
form relationships with. They are also known to be argumentative and
hypersensitive.  [29]
 Schizoid  |  yes  |  Apathetic, indifferent, remote, solitary, distant,
humorless, contempt, odd fantasies. Neither desire nor need human attachments.
Withdrawn from relationships and prefer to be alone. Little interest in
others, often seen as a loner. Minimal awareness of the feelings of themselves
or others. Few drives or ambitions, if any. Is an uncommon condition in which
people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with
others. It affects more males than females. To others, they may appear
somewhat dull or humorless. Because they do not tend to show emotion, they may
appear as though they do not care about what's going on around them.  [30]
 Schizotypal  |  yes  |  Eccentric, self-estranged, bizarre, absent.
Exhibit peculiar mannerisms and behaviors. Think they can read thoughts of
others. Preoccupied with odd daydreams and beliefs. Blur line between reality
and fantasy. Magical thinking and strange beliefs. People with schizotypal
personality disorder are often described as odd or eccentric and usually have
few, if any, close relationships. They think others think negatively of them.
[31]
 Antisocial  |  yes  |  Impulsive, irresponsible, deviant, unruly. Act without
due consideration. Meet social obligations only when self-serving. Disrespect
societal customs, rules, and standards. See themselves as free and
independent. People with antisocial personality disorder depict a long pattern
of disregard for other people's rights. They often cross the line and violate
these rights.  [32]
 Borderline  |  yes  |  Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment. Identity
disturbance; unstable sense of self-image or sense of self. Impulsivity —
spending, sex, substance abuse, binge eating. Unstable mood; fluctuation
between highs and lows. Feelings of emptiness. Ideation and devaluation of
interpersonal relationships. Intense or inappropriate anger.Suicidal-
behaviour.  [33]
 Histrionic  |  yes  |  Hysteria, dramatic, seductive, shallow, egocentric,
attention-seeking, vain. Overreact to minor events. Exhibitionistic as a means
of securing attention and favors. See themselves as attractive and charming.
Constantly seeking others' attention. Disorder is characterized by constant
attention-seeking, emotional overreaction, and suggestibility. Their tendency
to over-dramatize may impair relationships and lead to depression, but they
are often high-functioning.  [34]
 Narcissistic  |  yes  |  Egotistical, arrogant, grandiose,
insouciant. Preoccupied with fantasies of success, beauty, or achievement. See
themselves as admirable and superior, and therefore entitled to special
treatment. Is a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of
their own importance and a deep need for admiration. Those with narcissistic
personality disorder believe that they are superior to others and have little
regard for other people's feelings.
 Avoidant  |  yes  |  Hesitant, self-conscious, embarrassed, anxious. Tense in
social situations due to fear of rejection. Plagued by constant performance
anxiety. See themselves as inept, inferior, or unappealing. They experience
long-standing feelings of inadequacy and are very sensitive of what others
think about them.  [35]
 Dependent  |  yes  |  Helpless, incompetent, submissive, immature. Withdrawn
from adult responsibilities. See themselves as weak or fragile. Seek constant
reassurance from stronger figures. They have the need to be taken care of by
others. They fear being abandoned or separated from important people in their
life.  [36]
 Obsessive–compulsive
 |  yes  |  Restrained,
conscientious, respectful, rigid. Maintain a rule-bound lifestyle. Adhere
closely to social conventions. See the world in terms of regulations and
hierarchies. See themselves as devoted, reliable, efficient, and productive.
 Depressive  |  no  |  Somber, discouraged, pessimistic, brooding, fatalistic.
Present themselves as vulnerable and abandoned. Feel valueless, guilty, and
impotent. Judge themselves as worthy only of criticism and contempt. Hopeless,
suicidal, restless. This disorder can lead to aggressive acts and
hallucinations.  [37]
 Passive–aggressive (Negativistic)
 |  no  |  Resentful, contrary, skeptical, discontented.
Resist fulfilling others' expectations. Deliberately inefficient. Vent anger
indirectly by undermining others' goals. Alternately moody and irritable, then
sullen and withdrawn. Withhold emotions. Will not communicate when there is
something problematic to discuss.  [38]
 Sadistic  |  no  |  Explosively hostile, abrasive, cruel, dogmatic. Liable to
sudden outbursts of rage. Gain satisfaction through dominating, intimidating
and humiliating others. They are opinionated and closed-minded. Enjoy
performing brutal acts on others. Find pleasure in abusing others. Would
likely engage in a sadomasochist relationship, but will not play the role of a
masochist.  [39]
 Self-defeating (Masochistic)  |  no  |  Deferential, pleasure-phobic,
servile, blameful, self-effacing. Encourage others to take advantage of them.
Deliberately defeat own achievements. Seek condemning or mistreatful partners.
They are suspicious of people who treat them well. Would likely engage in a
sadomasochist relationship.  [40]