mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
The Immigration Department appealed the ruling to the  Court of Final Appeal
 "Court of Final Appeal \(Hong
Kong\)") . The court handed down its ruling on 4 July 2018, finding in favour
of the plaintiff and mandating immigration authorities to grant same-sex
partners spousal visas that were previously only available only to
heterosexual couples.  [23]  The panel of judges, led by  Chief Justice
  Geoffrey Ma Tao-li  ,
held that the "policy [of not granting a visa] is counterproductive and
plainly not rationally connected to advancing [any] 'talent' aim" and rejected
the immigration director's argument that civil union partnerships differed
from marriage, saying it was based on a "shaky foundation [and]...hardly
satisfactory".  [23]  The government stated it respected the court's ruling
and would study it in detail.  [23]  The ruling became effective on 19
September 2018, when the  Director of Immigration
 announced that it
will favourably consider an application from a person who has entered into "a
same-sex civil partnership, same-sex civil union, same-sex marriage, or
opposite-sex civil partnership or opposite-sex civil union outside Hong Kong"
for entry for residence as a dependant, if the person meets the normal
immigration requirements.  [24]
**HKFP Partnerships:**
*  Antigua and Barbuda 
*  Argentina 
*  Bahamas 
*  Barbados 
*  Belize 
*  Bolivia 
*  Brazil 
*  Canada 
*  Chile 
*  Colombia 
*  Costa Rica 
*  Cuba 
*  Dominica 
*  Dominican Republic 
*  Ecuador 
*  El Salvador 
*  Grenada 
*  Guatemala 
*  Guyana 
*  Haiti 
*  Honduras 
*  Jamaica 
*  Mexico 
*  Nicaragua 
*  Panama 
*  Paraguay 
*  Peru 
*  Saint Kitts and Nevis 
*  Saint Lucia 
*  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 
*  Suriname 
*  Trinidad and Tobago 
* United States
*  Uruguay 
*  Venezuela
*  Township 
*  Town meeting
Main article:  Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men §
United States
|   (Since 2006 for both
sexuality and gender identity)  |   (Since 2006 for both
sexuality and gender identity)
On May 5, 1950, the  Uniform Code of Military Justice

was passed by Congress and was signed into law by President  Harry S. Truman
 , and became effective on May 31,
1951. Article 125 forbids sodomy among all military personnel, defining it as
"any person subject to this chapter who engages in unnatural carnal copulation
with another person of the same or opposite sex or with an animal is guilty of
sodomy. Penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete the offence."
[347]
* ####  About
*  Anthem 
*  Republics 
*  Emblem 
*  Republics 
*  Flag 
*  Republics 
*  Hammer and sickle
Bans of gender-affirming healthcare for people under 18  State  |  Authority
|  Signed  |  Effective  |  Notes
---|---|---|---|---
 Arkansas  |  
State legislature  |  April 6, 2021  |  Permanently blocked  |  On April 6, 2021, the
legislature—overriding Governor  Asa Hutchinson  's veto—banned puberty blockers, hormones, and surgery for minors
and from referring them to other providers.  [170]  However, courts
temporarily  [184]  and then permanently blocked the law.  [185]
 Texas  |   Texas AG
  Ken Paxton
Hate crimes  against LGBTQ individuals are
on the rise in Russia. They became more prevalent as a direct consequence of
the "gay propaganda law". The introduction of this discriminatory legislation
caused a disturbing chain reaction. Across the country, numerous individuals,
sometimes with implicit support from authorities, engaged in acts of violence
against LGBTQ individuals. Some of those individuals organized  hate groups
 that viewed the elimination of
LGBTQ people as a means of restoring societal order.  [108]  The Russian
government does not officially record hate crimes against the LGBTQ community,
perpetuating a narrative that such individuals do not exist.  [109]
In 2016, efforts by the  Equal Opportunities Commission
 "Equal Opportunities
Commission \(Hong Kong\)") to prompt the government to enact anti-
discrimination legislation based on sexual orientation and gender identity
failed. The commission made a proposal to the administration following a
survey the same year, which found 55.7% of people in Hong Kong backed such
protections.  [57]
Donald Trump opposed expanding LGBT rights.  [504]  As President, he rolled
back LGBT rights and appointed anti-LGBTQ officials. He opposed the  Equality
Act  "Equality Act \(United States\)") ,
[505]  which has been one of the highest priorities of LGBTQ rights groups
since same-sex marriage was enacted by the Supreme Court.  [506]  Long before
his 2016 campaign, Trump opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage;  [507]
during his 2016 campaign, he pledged to appoint anti-LGBTQ Justices to the
Supreme Court.  [508]  His administration banned transgender people from
serving in the military  [509]  and attempted to legally redefine gender in
order to undermine nondiscrimination protections for transgender, non-binary,
and intersex people.  [510]
Later in August 2014, Obama made a surprise video appearance at the opening
ceremony of the 2014  Gay Games  .  [490]
[491]
##  Medical discrimination
|   (Since 2019 for both 
sexuality  and  gender identity
 )  |   (Since 2019 for both 
sexuality  and  gender identity
 )
*  Afghanistan 
*  Armenia 
*  Azerbaijan 
*  Bahrain 
*  Bangladesh 
*  Bhutan 
*  Brunei 
*  Cambodia 
*  China 
*  Cyprus 
*  East Timor (Timor-Leste) 
*  Egypt 
*  Georgia  "LGBT rights in Georgia \(country\)")
*  India 
*  Indonesia 
*  Iran 
*  Iraq 
*  Israel 
*  Japan 
*  Jordan 
*  Kazakhstan 
*  North Korea 
*  South Korea 
*  Kuwait 
*  Kyrgyzstan 
*  Laos 
*  Lebanon 
*  Malaysia 
*  Maldives 
*  Mongolia 
*  Myanmar 
*  Nepal 
*  Oman 
*  Pakistan 
*  Philippines 
*  Qatar 
* Russia
*  Saudi Arabia 
*  Singapore 
*  Sri Lanka 
*  Syria 
*  Tajikistan 
*  Thailand 
*  Turkey 
*  Turkmenistan 
*  United Arab Emirates 
*  Uzbekistan 
*  Vietnam 
*  Yemen
LGBT flags. File photo: Delia Giandeini/Unsplash.
*  Merton Bird 
*  Reed Erickson 
*  Arthur Evans  "Arthur Evans \(author\)")
*  Charles Henri Ford 
*  Henry Gerber 
*  Morris Kight 
*  Aristide Laurent 
*  W. Dorr Legg 
*  Bob Mizer 
*  Troy Perry 
*  Clark Polak 
*  Craig Rodwell 
*  José Sarria 
*  Drew Shafer 
*  Parker Tyler 
*  Randy Wicker 
*  H. Lynn Womack
The Court of Appeal on October 24 dismissed the government’s appeal and 
upheld the High Court’s 2020 decision
 .
Naturalized U.S. citizens  whose biological children are born abroad may be unable to obtain
U.S. citizenship for their children even if their spouse is also a U.S.
citizen. This may disproportionately affect same-sex couples, given that
typically only one spouse is biologically related to the child.  [39]
QT.
Photo: HKFP/Catherine Lai.
Soviet Article 121 was often commonly used to extend prison sentences and to
control dissidents. Among those imprisoned were the well-known film director 
Sergei Paradjanov  and the poet
Gennady Trifonov. Under  Mikhail Gorbachev  's administration in the late 1980s, the first gay organisation
came into being. The Moscow Gay & Lesbian Alliance was headed by Yevgeniya
Debryanskaya and Roman Kalinin, who became the editor of the first officially
registered gay newspaper, _Tema_ . The fall of the USSR accelerated the
progress of the gay movement in Russia. Gay publications and plays appeared.
In 1993, a new Russian Criminal Code was signed, without Article 121. Men who
had been imprisoned began to be released.  [ _ citation needed
 _ ]
Conversion therapy  is the
discredited practice of attempting to change a person's sexual orientation or
gender identity.  [321]  21 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico
ban the practice of conversion therapy on minors.  [322]
##  Gender identity and expression
####  Protections for minors
See also:  Same-sex marriage in the United States  ,
 Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States  ,  Same-sex unions in the United States  , 
Domestic partnership in the United States
 ,  Cohabitation in the United States

, and  Common-law marriage in the United States
In April 2015, the Obama administration announced it had opened a gender-
neutral bathroom within the White House complex, located in the  Eisenhower
Executive Office Building  next door to the  West Wing
 .  [494]  President Obama also responded to a
petition seeking to ban  conversion therapy  (inspired by the death of  Leelah Alcorn
 ) with his pledge to advocate for such
a ban.  [495]
On June 30, 2023, the Supreme Court ruled by a 6-3 vote in _ 303 Creative LLC
v. Elenis  _
that businesses can refuse to create works that recognize  same-sex marriage
 if it goes against their
values, on the basis of the  First Amendment
 's protection of free speech.  [338]
In the United States,  public opinion  and  jurisprudence  on
 lesbian  ,  gay  ,  bisexual
 , and  transgender  (  LGBT  ) rights have developed
significantly since the late 1980s.  [1]  [2]
##  Support groups
*  Agriculture 
*  Central Bank 
*  Economic planning 
*  Energy policy 
*  Five-year plans 
*  Internet domain 
*  Inventions 
*  Net material product 
*  OGAS 
*  Science and technology 
*  Rouble  (currency)  
*  Transport 
*  List of metro systems
###  Richard Nixon
###  Benjamin Harrison
Neither  same-sex marriages 
nor  civil unions  of same-sex couples
are allowed in Russia. In July 2013,  Patriarch Kirill
 , the leader of the  Russian
Orthodox Church  ,
of which approximately 71% of Russians are adherents,  [48]  said that the
idea of same-sex marriage was "a very dangerous sign of the Apocalypse".  [49]
At a 2011 press conference, the head of the Moscow Registry Office,  Irina
Muravyova  , declared: "Attempts by
same-sex couples to marry both in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia are doomed to
fail. We live in a civil society, we are guided by the federal law, [and] by
the Constitution that clearly says: marriage in Russia is between a man and a
woman. Such a marriage [same-sex] cannot be contracted in Russia."  [50]  The
vast majority of the Russian public are also against same-sex marriage.  [43]
[51]  In July 2020, Russian voters approved a Constitution amendment banning
same-sex marriage.  [52]  In the 2021 case _ Fedotova and Others v. Russia
 _ , the
 European Court of Human Rights  ruled that it was a violation of human
rights for Russia not to offer any form of legal recognition to same-sex
relationships.  [53]  However, Russia left the court in 2022.  [54]
*  Aviation 
*  Driving 
*  Public transportation 
*  Rail transportation 
*  Transportation policy 
*  Transportation safety 
*  Trucking industry
Retrieved from " 
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_Russia&oldid=1215911302

"
*  LGBT rights in Hong Kong 
*  Law of Hong Kong
Hongkongers who engaged with one such Christian organisation  spoke to HKFP
about their experiences earlier this year
 . “I was torturing myself, but I rationalised it by thinking that
Christians must go through pain,” Cheung said. “After all, Jesus sacrificed
himself for us.”
1. ** ^  **  Cantonese romanization  : _Hēunggóng Yàhnkyùhn Faaton Tìuhlaih_
The  Libertarian Party of Russia  , formed in 2007, has objected to the
government ban on "gay propaganda" as a violation of people's right to freedom
of speech.  [103]
Further information:  Transgender rights in the United States § Healthcare
See also:  Crime against nature  and  Ages of consent in North America § United States
In January 2024,  Meduza  reported that Russia's 
MVD  had begun bringing transgender people in for
questioning. According to one transgender subject, he was questioned about
where he got the medical certificate approving his transition, how much it
cost, who was on the committee to approve it, and if he had attended any LGBT
parties. After answering that he didn't remember the answer to the last
question, he was told that they would keep bringing him in until he did. He
was also told that if his approval certificate turned out to be invalid, that
he would be forcibly detransitioned.  [141]
Venues  |
Last month, the government  issued a seemingly unprompted warning
 stating that the event
must be conducted in a “lawful, safe and orderly manner.”
###  Dependent visas
A book that participants
of New Creation Association’s counselling programmes were encouraged to read.
Photo: Hillary Leung/HKFP.
##  More information
####  Governor of Texas
Chet Lam  (  林一峰  ), a Hong Kong folk singer,
came out to the public through an interview with _ The Advocate
 "The Advocate \(LGBT magazine\)") _
(UK).  [80]
##  LGBT rights movement in Hong Kong
Health  |
---|---
By event  |
Tribal nations  |
Also in 2015, when President Obama declared May to be  National Foster Care
Month  , he
included words never before included in a White House proclamation about
adoption, stating in part, "With so many children waiting for loving homes, it
is important to ensure all qualified caregivers have the opportunity to serve
as foster or adoptive parents, regardless of race, religion, sexual
orientation, gender identity, or marital status. That is why we are working to
break down the barriers that exist and investing in efforts to recruit more
qualified parents for children in foster care." He was the first president to
explicitly say  gender identity 
should not prevent anyone from adopting or becoming a foster parent.  [496]
(group AB)
Despite DOMA, Clinton, who was the first president to select openly gay
persons for administration positions,  [397]  is generally credited as the
first president to publicly champion gay rights.  [386]  During his
presidency, Clinton controversially issued two substantial executive orders on
behalf of gay rights, the first was  Executive Order 12968
 in 1995 that lifted the
ban on security clearances for LGBT federal employees  [398]  and the second
was  Executive Order 13087  in 1998 that outlawed discrimination based on sexual orientation in
the federal civilian workforce.  [399]  In November 1997, Clinton gave an
address to a  Human Rights Campaign  meeting, and thus becoming the first U.S. President to
address a meeting for a gay and lesbian organization.  [400]
##  Prison
*  Columbia Queer Alliance 
*  Council on Religion and the Homosexual 
*  Daughters of Bilitis 
*  ECHO 
*  Homophile Action League 
*  Janus Society 
*  Knights of the Clock 
*  Mattachine Society 
*  Metropolitan Community Church 
*  NACHO 
*  ONE, Inc. 
*  PRIDE 
*  Society for Human Rights 
*  Student Homophile League 
*  Veterans Benevolent Association
###  Woodrow Wilson
*  Hal Call 
*  Rudi Gernreich 
*  James Gruber 
*  Harry Hay 
*  Dale Jennings  "Dale Jennings \(activist\)")
*  Frank Kameny 
*  Jack Nichols  "Jack Nichols \(activist\)")
Other (6%)
*  Index of Soviet Union–related articles 
*  Russian Revolution 
*  February 
*  October 
*  Russian Civil War 
*  Russian SFSR 
*  Creation treaty 
*  New Economic Policy 
*  Stalinism 
*  Great Purge 
*  Great Patriotic War  (World War II)
*  Cold War 
*  Khrushchev Thaw 
*  Sino-Soviet split 
*  Soviet space program 
*  1965 economic reform 
*  Stagnation 
*  Soviet–Afghan War 
*  Perestroika 
*  Glasnost 
*  Revolutions of 1989 
*  Dissolution 
*  Post-Soviet states 
*  Nostalgia
On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in _ Obergefell v. Hodges
 _ that states must
license and recognize same-sex marriages. Consequently, same-sex marriage is
legal in all 50 states,  the District of Columbia  ,  Puerto Rico  ,  Guam  ,  U.S. Virgin Islands  , and  Northern Mariana Islands  . Currently, same-sex marriages are recognized in  American
Samoa  , due to the  Respect for Marriage Act
 . The legal
status of same-sex marriage also varies in  Native American tribal nations
 , as their reservations are
considered sovereign entities and were not affected by the Supreme Court's
legalization in 2015.
Early on, the Trump administration interrupted the government's efforts to
begin counting LGBT-identified people. In March 2017, the  U.S. Census Bureau
 released
its proposed questions for the 2020 census (the census is conducted once every
ten years) and the  American Community Survey
 (conducted
annually). For the first time ever, the proposed questions covered topics
about sexual orientation and gender identity. However, the questions were
immediately retracted. The Census Bureau claimed that the topic had been
included "inadvertently" (in fact, it was included because nearly 80 members
of Congress had asked for it the previous year). The Census Bureau added:
"This topic is not being proposed to Congress for the 2020 Census or American
Community Survey. The report has been corrected."  [566]  [567]
Among the landmark civil cases on gay rights in housing is  Braschi v Stahl
Associates Co  . In 1989 New York Court of Appeals case that decided that
plaintiff Miguel Braschi, the surviving partner of a same-sex relationship,
counted as "family" under New York law and was thus able to continue living in
a rent controlled apartment belonging to the deceased partner.  [63]  [64]
##  Legality of same-sex sexual activity
In the  judgement

handed down on Tuesday, Chief Justice Andrew Cheung, Permanent Judges Roberto
Ribeiro, Joseph Fok, Johnson Lam, and Non-Permanent Judge Patrick Keane,
rejected Sham’s argument that gay couples had the right to marry under the
city’s mini-constitution the Basic Law and its Bill of Rights, saying that
right was enshrined for heterosexual partnerships. The appeal panel also
dismissed an assertion that failing to recognise same-sex unions entered into
abroad violated the right to equality.
Events  |
In Soviet Russia, sex reassignment surgeries were first tried during the 1920s
[ _ citation needed   _ ]  but became prohibited until the 1960s. Later they were performed
by Irina Golubeva, an endocrinologist, authorized by psychiatrist Aron Belkin,
who was the strongest Soviet advocate for transgender people until his death
in 2003.  [126]
From 1988 to 2009, support for recognized same-sex marriage increased between
1% and 1.5% per year,  [17]  and accelerated thereafter, rising above 50% in
_ Pew Research Center  _
polling for the first time in 2011.  [18]  According to _Garretson (2018)_ :
"The transformation of America's response to homosexuality has been — and
continues to be — one of the most rapid and sustained shifts in mass attitudes
since the start of public polling."  [1]
*  Communist Academy 
*  Cybernetics in the Soviet Union 
*  Academy of Sciences 
*  Academy of Medical Sciences 
*  Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 
*  Sharashkas 
*  Naukograds 
*  List
Wikimedia Commons has media related to   LGBT rights in the United States
 .
On July 13, 2015, Defense Secretary  Ashton Carter  said that the current regulations banning transgender
individuals from serving were outdated, and announced a six-month study to
determine if lifting the ban would have any impact on the military's
effectiveness.  [77]  On June 30, 2016, Carter announced that the ban on
transgender troops from openly serving had been lifted.  [78]  The policy went
into effect on October 1, 2016, and training on transgender issues was
scheduled to begin a month later.
The  age of consent  in each jurisdiction varies but in most
jurisdictions it is equal to the age of consent for heterosexual sex.  [33]
The exception to this is Texas, whose statute books still hold an outdated 
Romeo and Juliet law  that
makes the age of consent for gay and lesbian teenagers unequal to that for
heterosexual ones.  [34]  [35]  [36]
The United States Congress enacted the  Defense of Marriage Act
 (DOMA) in 1996,
which forbade the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages and
relieved states of the requirement that they recognize same-sex unions
performed in other jurisdictions.
Ban on the promotion of homosexuality
The reports of the persecution were met with a variety of reactions worldwide.
The  Head of the Chechen Republic   Ramzan Kadyrov  denied not only the occurrence of any persecution but also the
existence of gay men in Chechnya, adding that such people would be killed by
their own families.  [77]  [78]  Officials in Moscow were sceptical, although
in late May the Russian government reportedly agreed to send an investigative
team to Chechnya.  [79]  Numerous national leaders and other public figures in
 the West  condemned Chechnya's
actions, and protests were held in Russia and elsewhere. A report released in
December 2018 by the  Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
 (OSCE) confirmed claims that persecution
of LGBT persons had taken place and was ignored by authorities.  [80]  [81]
---|---
 Social class  |
Russia has long held strongly negative views regarding homosexuality, with
recent polls indicating that a majority of Russians are against the acceptance
of homosexuality and have shown support for laws discriminating against
homosexuals. Despite receiving international criticism for the recent increase
in social discrimination, crimes, and  violence against homosexuals
") [
 ru
 ]  , larger cities such as
 Moscow  [8]  and  Saint Petersburg
 [9]  have been said to have a
thriving  LGBT community  . However,
there has been a historic resistance to  gay pride parades
 by local governments; despite
being fined by the  European Court of Human Rights
 in
2010 for interpreting it as discrimination, the city of Moscow denied 100
individual requests for permission to hold  Moscow Pride  through 2012, citing a risk of violence against participants.
In 2016, Russia was rated the second least LGBT-friendly nation in Europe by 
ILGA-Europe  .  [10]
See also:  Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights § United States
Libertarian Party
 ,  Green Party of the United
States  , and  Constitution Party (United States)
 "Constitution Party \(United
States\)")
*  A-Z
At the start of 2010, the  Obama administration  included gender identity among the classes protected
against discrimination under the authority of the  Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission  (EEOC). In 2012, the EEOC ruled that Title
VII of the  Civil Rights Act of 1964  does not allow gender identity-based employment
discrimination because it is a form of sexual discrimination.  [52]  [53]
[54]
After more than a year, the Court of Appeal in October rejected the appeals,
upholding the courts’ earlier decisions, saying that married same-sex couples
should be treated as  equal to heterosexual couples in the provision of
public or subsidised housing  .
Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States
 has changed dramatically
since the late 1980s;  [1]  by the early 2020s, an overwhelming majority of 
Americans  approved of the legality of these
marriages.  [1]  A December 2022 _ Quinnipiac University
 _ poll found that 68
percent of Americans supported legal recognition of same-sex marriage and 22
percent opposed it.  [13]  Approval of same-sex marriage is even higher in
younger generations;  [14]  among 18-34 year olds, according to the  General
Social Survey  , support
is near-universal.  [15]  A 2021 _ Public Religion Research Institute
 _ poll of the states found majority support for same-sex marriage
in 47 states, ranging from 50% in  South Carolina  to 85% in  Massachusetts  . There is plurality support for legal recognition of same-
sex marriage in  Alabama  , where 49% support and
47% oppose. Only  Mississippi  and 
Arkansas  have majority opposition to same-sex
marriage; in Mississippi, 55% oppose and 44% support, while in Arkansas, 52%
oppose and 47% support same-sex marriage.  [16]
Pete Buttigieg  's run for the 2020
Democratic nomination for President made him America's first openly gay
Democratic presidential candidate.  [644]
* ####  Health topics
Many  Western  celebrities and
activists are openly opposed to the law and have encouraged a  boycott
 of Russian products – notably Russian vodka – as
well as a boycott of the  2014 Winter Olympic Games
 , which were scheduled to
be held in  Sochi  , unless the Games were  relocated
 out of Russia.  [182]  [183]
[184]  [185]
Photo: Almond Li/HKFP.