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102. ^  _**a** _ _**b** _ Goupil L, Aucouturier JJ (February 2019).  "Musical pleasure and musical emotions"  . _Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America_ . **116** (9): 3364–3366.  Bibcode  "Bibcode \(identifier\)") :  2019PNAS..116.3364G  .  doi  "Doi \(identifier\)") :   10.1073/pnas.1900369116  .  PMC  "PMC \(identifier\)")  6397567  .  PMID  "PMID \(identifier\)")  30770455  . " In a pharmacological study published in PNAS, Ferreri et al. (1) present evidence that enhancing or inhibiting dopamine signaling using levodopa or risperidone modulates the pleasure experienced while listening to music. ... In a final salvo to establish not only the correlational but also the causal implication of dopamine in musical pleasure, the authors have turned to directly manipulating dopaminergic signaling in the striatum, first by applying excitatory and inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation over their participants' left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region known to modulate striatal function (5), and finally, in the current study, by administrating pharmaceutical agents able to alter dopamine synaptic availability (1), both of which influenced perceived pleasure, physiological measures of arousal, and the monetary value assigned to music in the predicted direction. ... While the question of the musical expression of emotion has a long history of investigation, including in PNAS (6), and the 1990s psychophysiological strand of research had already established that musical pleasure could activate the autonomic nervous system (7), the authors' demonstration of the implication of the reward system in musical emotions was taken as inaugural proof that these were veridical emotions whose study has full legitimacy to inform the neurobiology of our everyday cognitive, social, and affective functions (8). Incidentally, this line of work, culminating in the article by Ferreri et al. (1), has plausibly done more to attract research funding for the field of music sciences than any other in this community. The evidence of Ferreri et al. (1) provides the latest support for a compelling neurobiological model in which musical pleasure arises from the interaction of ancient reward/valuation systems (striatal–limbic–paralimbic) with more phylogenetically advanced perception/predictions systems (temporofrontal). "

* Young, Jared W.; Anticevic, Alan; Barch, Deanna M. (2018). "Cognitive and Motivational Neuroscience of Psychotic Disorders". In Charney, Dennis S.; Sklar, Pamela; Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Nestler, Eric J. (eds.). _Charney & Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness _ (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.  ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  9780190681425   .