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See also  

Wikiversity has learning resources about _** Social facilitation
 ** _

*  Ringelmann effect 
*  Social inhibition
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Electronic performance monitoring  

Researchers have used electronic performance monitoring (EPM) to examine the
effects of social facilitation. This trend had previously been limited to
face-to-face or group settings, but electronic performance monitoring
establishes the impact of social facilitation in a virtual sense. EPM is the
utilization of information technologies (e.g. computer networks) to track,
evaluate, analyze, and report information regarding an employee's performance.
Many businesses have adopted this method in which workers activity is
automatically monitored throughout the workday. This topic is of substantial
interest to those in the field of social psychology due to underlying
mechanism at work; namely, the phenomenon of social facilitation.

One study found that EPM did enhance productivity, but only in ways that are
consistent with the effects of social facilitation. Employees working on a
data entry task were monitored while working alone, with others, or as part of
a cohesive group. Results indicated that EPM improved the performance of
highly skilled workers, but interfered with the performance of those who were
less skilled. Moreover, with the exception of those working in a cohesive
group, monitoring was found to increase workers' feelings of stress and
anxiety. On the other hand, participants responded more favorably to
performance monitoring when they believed that they could turn off the
monitoring and that only their job-related activities were being evaluated.
Also, EPM was viewed more positively when workers were given the opportunity
to participate in decisions regarding the use of the system. Results support
that the effect of social facilitation is not just limited to the physical
presence of others, but also extends to presence in a virtual sense as well.
[25]

In 2009, Thompson, Sebastienelli and Murray conducted an experiment to
determine the effect of electronic monitoring on students who used web-based
training to learn new online search skills. They found that participants who
were explicitly told that their training was being monitored performed
markedly worse on a post-training skills test than participants who were
unaware that their training was being monitored. These findings adhere to the
basic premise of social facilitation and reveal that the heightened awareness
of evaluation on complex tasks significantly hinders performance.  [25]
  February 16, 2023 7:30 AM  ,   Morgan Shaver
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Controversies  

Social facilitation's definition and explanations are not without controversy.
Social psychologists first debate whether social facilitation in humans can be
through mere presence, or whether it must be through evaluation. It was
concluded that although the influence of the mere presence of others can be
easily concealed by many other complex social factors, it is one of the
variables that contributes to the power of others to influence an individual's
performance.  [12]

One of the greatest controversies surrounding social facilitation is its
origination. Psychologists continue to debate whether social facilitation is
adopted through the innate biology of humans and animals, or through social
learning, either from interaction with society or from individual interaction
with other people, and not society in general. Further research and expansion
of experiments and theories may begin to resolve, or further complicate, these
issues.  [36]

In light of certain weaknesses and inadequacies of drive theory explanation,
social facilitation is argued to be in need for a more cognitive approach. A
more cognitive model constructed in an expectancy theory framework is shown as
a plausible alternative explanation for employee performance and the effects
of social facilitation. While there is not much evidence presented by this
controversy it is recommended that direction of future research should test
this model.  [37]

Furthermore, there is difficulty in determining which social facilitation
approach is the most accurate. The biggest conflict comes between the
activation (or mere presence) and evaluation approaches, with the activation
approach stating that the mere presence of an audience leads to social
facilitation, and the evaluation approach stating that it is the fear of being
judged by a capable audience that leads to social facilitation. Despite the
two clearly conflicting schools of thought, researchers have not been able to
conclusively prove which one is correct.  [6]
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Prejudice  

Prejudice is often considered as easily learned and performed response.
Therefore, following the logic of Zajonc's drive theory of social
facilitation, prejudice then, is also likely to be socially facilitated. That
is, individuals may be more likely to express prejudicial views in presence of
others than in private.
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Gender  

In 1994, De Castro demonstrated that social facilitation affects food intake
by extending the time spent eating a meal. His results also showed that the
presence of family and friends, in comparison with the presence of mere
companions, increases food intake to a greater degree, possibly due to the
"release of inhibitory restraints on intake" that occurs when people feel more
comfortable around people they are familiar with. Furthermore, males ate 36%
more food when with other people than when alone, and females ate 40% more
food when with other people than when alone. De Castro attributes this to the
time-extension model of social facilitation, as the time spent at a meal
increased when the meal was a social occasion. These results suggest that the
presence of other people at a meal increases intake by extending the time
spent at the meal, probably as a result of social interaction, and that family
and friends have an even larger effect, probably by producing relaxation and a
consequent disinhibition of restraint on intake.  [21]  Furthermore, these
results also suggest that social facilitation has very similar effects on both
men and women.
  Posted  July 26, 2017 6:00 AM  ,  Morgan Shaver
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Effect of social factors on behavior

See also:  Social facilitation in animals

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Finally, if you prefer the tactile feel of your keyboard when playing Tetris,
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Self-presentation approach  

The self-presentation approach to social facilitation has two main theories:
one regarding arousal or drive, and one without. The first theory argues that
in the presence of an audience, individuals become concerned with self-
presentation.  [19]  The possible embarrassment that occurs with negative
evaluation leads to activation of arousal, or increased drive which will cause
more dominant effects. The second theory argues that it is not an issue of
arousal, but rather of simple responses, because the individual wants to
appear competent in the presence of others. If the task is easy, the
individual will want to make him/herself appear even more competent by doing
exceptionally well on the task. However, if the task is difficult, they will
fear that they will present themselves as incompetent, which will in turn make
them embarrassed, and further impede their performance.  [19]

However, there has not been significant research done or evidence supporting
the self-presentation approach. The main study looking at this approach was
done by Bond in 1982, but it did not include independent measures of self-
presentation, so it was not able to conclusively prove the validity of this
approach.  [6]
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_Tetris_ to me in  an interview
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seemed to be fate, and I figured, why the hell not.
Play Tetris
Monitoring hypothesis  

The monitoring hypothesis posits that social facilitation effects do not occur
when the performer is familiar with the observers or the situation. This is
because, in those cases, the performer knows how the observer will respond or
how the situation will take place. Therefore, in such situations the
performer's arousal will not increase. So, if the person is unfamiliar with
the observers or the situation, he/she will experience uncertainty and arousal
will increase, but not if he/she is familiar with them.  [5]
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Social facilitation

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Tetris has grown exponentially over the years, and can be played in
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Goldin-Meadow, S.
(  2016  )  Flavor lexicon and characteristics of artisan goat cheese from the
United States  .  Journal of Sensory Studies  , 31, 492–506.
Hassemer, J.  , & Winter, B.
(  1979  )  Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building  .
Robustness in Statistics  , 1, 201–236.
(  2010  )  Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin-A affects processing of emotional
language  .  Psychological Science  , 21, 895–900.
PINGDOM_CANARY_STRING
Sakamoto, M.  , & Watanabe, J.
##  When would you use a network visualization?
(  2006a  )  Perceptual knowledge retrieval activates sensory brain regions  .
The Journal of Neuroscience  , 26, 4917–4921.
(  2018  )  Iconicity in signed and spoken vocabulary: A comparison between
American Sign Language, British Sign Language, English, and Spanish  .
Frontiers in Psychology  , 9, 1433.
(  2005  )  Intuitions in linguistic argumentation  .  Lingua  , 115,
1481–1496.
Thompson, P. D.  , & Estes, Z.
Prather, S. C.  ,  Votaw, J. R.  , & Sathian, K.
(  2017  )  A manifesto for reproducible science  .  Nature Human Behaviour  ,
1, 0021.
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Hunston, S.
Lacey, S.  ,  Stilla, R.  , & Sathian, K.
(  2010  )  The shape of words in the brain  .  Cognition  , 114, 19–28.
(  2009  )  Syntactic judgment experiments  .  Language and Linguistics
Compass  , 3, 406–423.
#  References
(  2007  )  [ Cognition, olfaction and linguistic creativity: Linguistic
synesthesia as a poetic device in cologne advertising ](catalog/celcr.8.11hol)
. In  Plümacher, M.  , & P. Holz  (Eds.),  Speaking of colors and odors  (pp.
185–202). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Dependency graph (click on image to modify online)
(  1994  )  Aroma: The cultural history of smell  . London: Routledge.
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Coulson  & M. J. Spivey  (Eds.),  Methods in Cognitive Linguistics  (pp.
149–169). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Herz, R. S.  , & Schooler, J. W.
Lawless, H. T.
Lu, J. C.  , & Goldin-Meadow, S.
Gibbs, R. W.
Schmidtke, D. S.  ,  Conrad, M.  , & Jacobs, A. M.
(  2008  )  Opinion mining and sentiment analysis  .  Foundations and Trends
in Information Retrieval  , 2, 1–135.
(  2002  )  Corpora in applied linguistics  . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Engstrom, A. G.
Smeets, M. A. M.  , & Dijksterhuis, G. B.
(  2015a  )  lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4  .  R
package version  1.1–9.
Halgren, E.
Fellbaum, C.
(  1929  )  Gestalt psychology  . New York: Liveright.
Home  »  Features  » Visualize Networks
Fischer, S.
Crisinel, A. S.  ,  Jones, S.  , & Spence, C.
Craig, A. D.
(  2004  )  Communicating the experience of pain: the role of analogy  .  Pain
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Quarterly  , 25, 1–19.
**Why theyâre useful**
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Strik Lievers, F.
(  2015  )  Affective biases in English are bi-dimensional  .  Cognition and
Emotion  , 29, 1147–1167.
(  2016  )  Conventional metaphors in longer passages evoke affective brain
response  .  NeuroImage  , 139, 218–230.
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(  2011  )  Assessing the shapes and speech sounds that people associate with
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