mteb/BrightProPsychologyRetrieval huggingface dataset:
Although further studies have found that there is no significant difference
between male and female mathematics teachers in gender perception (stereotype)
and teaching attitude (Li  1999 : 63–76.") ), female teachers have
provided female students with daily role models with a mastery of mathematics,
helping them realize that mathematics is not exclusive to men, thus boosting
women's confidence in mathematics learning and encouraging them to overcome
the negative influence of stereotypes and develop their capability in
mathematics (Marx and Roman  2002 : 1183–1193.") ). However, to date, no relevant research has proven
whether the gender stereotypes of teachers directly affect students’
achievement in mathematics.
3. Raviv Murciano-Goroff
* Guihua Xie  1  &
* Xinyu Liu  2  ,  3
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##  Associated content
__ Complete Report PDF   __ Topline
Questionnaire   __ 2017 Pew
Research Center STEM Survey Dataset
* Accepted  :  10 June 2022
Family is vital for children to socialize and learn various social norms and
traditions. As key influences in socialization, the values and ideas held by
parents can either be internalized by children through daily interaction or
constitute a form of contextual pressure on children, thus affecting their
behaviors. Research has shown that the family's gender views or stereotypes
will affect the parental judgment of the capabilities of their children of
different sexes. For example, compared with boys’ parents, girls’ parents are
more likely to attribute good math performance to acquired effort rather than
inborn capability, thus reducing girls’ recognition and expectations of their
mathematical capability and further affecting their math performance and
future career choices (Ing  2014 : 87–103.") ).
###  Follow SpringerOpen
##  Change history
Guihua Xie
###   Citation inequity and gendered citation practices in contemporary
physics
Men and women in
STEM jobs – and indeed those in non-STEM jobs as well – say that having the
flexibility to balance their work and family obligations is an important
factor to them in choosing a job. But men and women in STEM tend to diverge
when it comes to other job characteristics. A somewhat higher share of men
than women say that having higher pay and opportunities for promotion is
important to them in choosing a job. Women in STEM jobs are more inclined to
consider a job that focuses on helping others (59%) as important to them
compared with men in STEM jobs (31%).  13
Third level: school
* Choice Behavior*
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are
available at the Virtual Data Enclave repository at the Institute for Research
on Innovation and Science at the University of Michigan. Access information is
provided at  https://iris.isr.umich.edu/research-data/access/
 . Patent data were
obtained from PatentsView (  https://patentsview.org/
 ), which is publicly available. Web of Science
data were obtained from CADRE at Indiana University ( 
https://iuni.iu.edu/resources/datasets/cadre
 ). The survey data are not
available, per the University of Pennsylvania IRB protocols. Aggregate
statistics from the survey data can be made available to researchers upon
request, for replication purposes.
*  Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology.
* Research
*  Open access 
* Published:  22 May 2023
The results are confirmed by appealing to a completely different source of
quantitative data—a survey of 2,660 scientists regarding the allocation of
credit (Methods, ‘Survey design and collection’ and Supplementary Information,
part  3  ). Exclusion from authorship
is common and differs significantly by gender: 42.95% of women and 37.81% of
men reported that they had been excluded from authorship ( _P_ = 0.0151; two-
sided _t_ -test; test value = −2.4327, effect size = −0.0514), and
significantly more women (48.97%) than men (39.13%) report that others
underestimated their contribution ( _P_ = 0.0036; two-sided _t_ -test; test
value = −2.9218, effect size = −0.0984).
* Individuality
###   Supplementary Information
###   Most Americans say being a man helps a person get ahead in the U.S.
Both the panel data and the cross-sectional data have shown that the gender
gap in mathematics learning, in both its direction and quantity, is not
immutable. They also show that even if there were inborn physical differences
between men and women, these physical differences could not be directly
translated into gender differences in mathematics learning. At national and
regional levels, the gender differences in mathematics learning in various
countries/regions are related to the degree of gender inequality and gender
cultural traditions—the more gender equal a country is, or the more its people
do not agree that mathematics is a male field, the narrower the gender gap in
mathematics learning in this country is, and female students even tend to
surpass male students in mathematics (Nosek et al.  2009
: 10593–10597.") ; Guiso et al.  2008
 ). In short, gender inequality in a country or region constitutes
a social structural factor that affects math learning (gender stratification
hypothesis), while gender cultural tradition constitutes a social and cultural
factor that affects math learning. The two factors are closely related. The
former can influence females' mathematics learning by affecting their current
educational opportunities or expectations for the future (for example, gender
segregation in the labor market) (Baker and Jones  1993
: 91–103.") ),
while the latter can play a role by shaping the external context of individual
action or the internalization of tradition by individuals.
` template  ` ¶
In  mathematics  , an **expression** or
**mathematical expression** is a finite combination of  symbols

that is  well-formed 
according to rules that depend on the context. Mathematical symbols can
designate numbers (  constants  "Constant
\(mathematics\)") ),  variables  "Variable
\(mathematics\)") ,  operations  "Operation
\(mathematics\)") ,  functions  "Function
\(mathematics\)") ,  brackets  "Bracket
\(mathematics\)") , punctuation, and grouping to help determine  order of
operations  and other
aspects of  logical syntax  "Syntax \(logic\)") .
*  What links here   "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page \[j\]")
*  Related changes   "Recent changes in pages linked from this page \[k\]")
*  Upload file  
*  Special pages  
*  Permanent link  &oldid=1215361310 "Permanent link to this revision of this page")
*  Page information  &action=info "More information about this page")
*  Cite this page  
*  Get shortened URL  
*  Download QR code  
*  Wikidata item
` arity  ` ¶
##  Getting help
##  Supported arithmetic  ¶
x  −  1  x  2  \+  12  {\displaystyle {\frac {x-1}{{{x}^{2}}+12}}}   (  rational fraction  )
` function  ` ¶
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Measurement  

 Schematic 
karyogram  of a  human  ,
showing an overview of the expression of the  human genome
 using  G banding  , which is a method that includes  Giemsa staining
 , wherein the lighter staining regions
are generally more  transcriptionally 
"Transcription \(biology\)") active, whereas darker regions are more inactive.

Further information:  Karyotype 

Measuring gene expression is an important part of many  life sciences
 , as the ability to quantify the level at
which a particular gene is expressed within a cell, tissue or organism can
provide a lot of valuable information. For example, measuring gene expression
can:

* Identify viral infection of a cell (  viral protein  expression).
* Determine an individual's susceptibility to  cancer  (  oncogene  expression).
* Find if a bacterium is resistant to  penicillin  (  beta-lactamase  expression).
*  Gene expression profiling  evaluates a panel of genes to help understand the fundamental mechanism of a cell. This is increasingly used in cancer therapy to  target specific  chemotherapy. ( _See_  RNA-Seq  and  DNA_microarray  for details.)

Similarly, the analysis of the location of protein expression is a powerful
tool, and this can be done on an organismal or cellular scale. Investigation
of localization is particularly important for the study of  development
 in multicellular
organisms and as an indicator of protein function in single cells. Ideally,
measurement of expression is done by detecting the final gene product (for
many genes, this is the protein); however, it is often easier to detect one of
the precursors, typically  mRNA  and to infer gene-
expression levels from these measurements.
` frame_type  ` ¶
####  Using ` F()  ` to sort null values  ¶
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*  Natural deduction 
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*  Sequent calculus 
*  Theorem 
*  Systems 
*  axiomatic 
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*  Hilbert 
*  list 
*  Complete theory 
*  Independence  "Independence \(mathematical logic\)") (  from ZFC  )
*  Proof of impossibility 
*  Ordinal analysis 
*  Reverse mathematics 
*  Self-verifying theories
####  Limiting the subquery to a single row  ¶
The evaluation is  undefined  for
_y_ = 0.
Ask a question in the #django IRC channel, or search the IRC logs to see if it’s been asked before.
 Django Discord Server
####  ` Exists()  ` subqueries  ¶
###  Window functions  ¶
##  References  &action=edit&section=8 "Edit
section: References") ]
Post-transcriptional regulation  

Main article:  Post-transcriptional regulation 

In eukaryotes, where export of RNA is required before translation is possible,
nuclear export is thought to provide additional control over gene expression.
All transport in and out of the nucleus is via the  nuclear pore
 and transport is controlled by a wide
range of  importin  and  exportin
 proteins.

Expression of a gene coding for a protein is only possible if the messenger
RNA carrying the code survives long enough to be translated. In a typical
cell, an RNA molecule is only stable if specifically protected from
degradation. RNA degradation has particular importance in regulation of
expression in eukaryotic cells where mRNA has to travel significant distances
before being translated. In eukaryotes, RNA is stabilised by certain post-
transcriptional modifications, particularly the  5′ cap
 and  poly-adenylated tail
 .

Intentional degradation of mRNA is used not just as a defence mechanism from
foreign RNA (normally from viruses) but also as a route of mRNA
_destabilisation_ . If an mRNA molecule has a complementary sequence to a 
small interfering RNA 
then it is targeted for destruction via the RNA interference pathway.
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##  What kind of Experience do you want to share?
Practice Tags :
` arg_joiner  ` ¶
_**Types of Expressions:** _
Proof theory  |
Localization  

Main articles:  In situ hybridization  and  Immunofluorescence 

 In situ-
hybridization of  Drosophila   embryos
 at different developmental stages for the mRNA
responsible for the expression of [ hunchback
](/wiki/Drosophila_embryogenesis
a+b
c
s-1/7*f
.
.
etc
__ Improve
reporter.name = "Tintin Jr."
reporter.save()
` window_compatible  ` ¶
_ class  _ ` OuterRef  ` ( _ field  _ )  ¶
x << 3
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RNA export  

Main article:  Nuclear transport 

In eukaryotes most mature RNA must be exported to the cytoplasm from the 
nucleus  . While some RNAs function in the
nucleus, many RNAs are transported through the  nuclear pores
 and into the  cytosol  .  [7]  Export of RNAs requires association with specific proteins
known as exportins. Specific exportin molecules are responsible for the export
of a given RNA type. mRNA transport also requires the correct association with
 Exon Junction Complex 
(EJC), which ensures that correct processing of the mRNA is completed before
export. In some cases RNAs are additionally transported to a specific part of
the cytoplasm, such as a  synapse  ; they are then
towed by  motor proteins  that bind
through linker proteins to specific sequences (called "zipcodes") on the RNA.
[8]
##  See also  &action=edit&section=7 "Edit
section: See also") ]
Check if N can be obtained from 1 by repetitively multiplying by 10 or 20
Last Updated :  02 Aug, 2019
##  Browse
Transcriptional regulation  

Main article:  Transcriptional regulation 

 When lactose
is present in a prokaryote, it acts as an inducer and inactivates the
repressor so that the genes for lactose metabolism can be transcribed.

 Regulation of transcription  can be broken down into three main routes of
influence; genetic (direct interaction of a control factor with the gene),
modulation interaction of a control factor with the transcription machinery
and epigenetic (non-sequence changes in DNA structure that influence
transcription).

 The [
lambda repressor ](/wiki/Lambda_phage
*   *   *
x + y, 10.75
To protect against  SQL injection attacks
 , you must escape any
parameters that the user can control by using ` params  ` . ` params  ` is a
required argument to force you to acknowledge that you’re not interpolating
your SQL with user-provided data.
Share your thoughts in the comments
class Lower(Func):
function = "LOWER"
mRNA processing  

Main article:  Post-transcriptional modification 

While transcription of prokaryotic protein-coding genes creates  messenger
RNA  (mRNA) that is ready for translation into protein,
transcription of eukaryotic genes leaves a  primary transcript
 of RNA (pre-RNA), which first
has to undergo a series of modifications to become a mature RNA. Types and
steps involved in the maturation processes vary between coding and non-coding
preRNAs; _i.e._ even though preRNA molecules for both mRNA and  tRNA
 undergo splicing, the steps and machinery
involved are different.  [2]  The processing of non-coding RNA is described
below (non-coding RNA maturation).

The processing of pre-mRNA include 5′ _capping_ , which is set of enzymatic
reactions that add  7-methylguanosine  (m  7  G) to the 5′ end of pre-mRNA and thus protect the
RNA from degradation by  exonucleases  .
The m  7  G cap is then bound by  cap binding complex
 heterodimer (CBC20/CBC80),
which aids in mRNA export to cytoplasm and also protect the RNA from 
decapping  .

Another modification is 3′ _cleavage and polyadenylation_ . They occur if
polyadenylation signal sequence (5′- AAUAAA-3′) is present in pre-mRNA, which
is usually between protein-coding sequence and terminator. The pre-mRNA is
first cleaved and then a series of ~200 adenines (A) are added to form poly(A)
tail, which protects the RNA from degradation. The poly(A) tail is bound by
multiple  poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) -binding_protein
"Poly\(A\)-binding protein") necessary for mRNA export and translation re-
initiation. In the inverse process of deadenylation, poly(A) tails are
shortened by the  CCR4-Not  3′-5′ exonuclease,
which often leads to full transcript decay.

 Illustration of exons and introns
in pre-mRNA and the formation of mature mRNA by splicing. The UTRs (in green)
are non-coding parts of exons at the ends of the mRNA.

A very important modification of eukaryotic pre-mRNA is _ RNA splicing
 _ . The majority of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs
consist of alternating segments called  exons  and 
introns  . During the process of splicing, an RNA-
protein catalytical complex known as  spliceosome  catalyzes two  transesterification  reactions, which remove an intron and release it in
form of lariat structure, and then splice neighbouring exons together. In
certain cases, some introns or exons can be either removed or retained in
mature mRNA. This so-called  alternative splicing
 creates series of
different transcripts originating from a single gene. Because these
transcripts can be potentially translated into different proteins, splicing
extends the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression and the size of a species
 proteome  .

Extensive RNA processing may be an  evolutionary advantage  made possible by the nucleus of eukaryotes. In prokaryotes,
transcription and translation happen together, whilst in eukaryotes, the 
nuclear membrane  separates the
two processes, giving time for RNA processing to occur.
###  ` Aggregate()  ` expressions  ¶
Protein quantification  

For genes encoding proteins, the expression level can be directly assessed by
a number of methods with some clear analogies to the techniques for mRNA
quantification.

One of the most commonly used methods is to perform a  Western blot
 against the protein of interest.  [71]
This gives information on the size of the protein in addition to its identity.
A sample (often cellular  lysate  ) is separated on a
 polyacrylamide gel  ,
transferred to a membrane and then probed with an  antibody  to the protein of interest. The antibody can either be conjugated
to a  fluorophore  or to  horseradish
peroxidase  for
imaging and/or quantification. The gel-based nature of this assay makes
quantification less accurate, but it has the advantage of being able to
identify later modifications to the protein, for example proteolysis or
ubiquitination, from changes in size.
Main articles:  Semantics  and  Formal
semantics (logic)  "Formal semantics
\(logic\)")
` contains_over_clause  ` ¶
*  Getting Help
[ __ Lookup API reference ](../lookups/)
` reverse_ordering  ` ()  ¶
Retrieved from " 
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expression_(mathematics)&oldid=1215361310
&oldid=1215361310)
"
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##  ML & Data Science
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###  Expression API  ¶
mRNA quantification  

|

This section **does not cite  any  sources  ** .  Please help  improve this section

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 .
Unsourced material may be challenged and [ removed
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Set theories  |
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Company.objects.update(is_active=~F("is_active"))
###  Formal languages and lambda calculus  &action=edit&section=6 "Edit
section: Formal languages and lambda calculus") ]
* Redden, John (2011).  "Elementary Algebra"  . _Flat World Knowledge_ . Archived from  the original  on 2014-11-15  . Retrieved  2012-03-18  .
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Transcriptional regulation in cancer  

Main article:  Regulation of transcription in cancer

The majority of gene  promoters
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` django/db/models/functions.py  ` ¶
` allowed_default  ` ¶
####  Using ` F()  ` in filters  ¶
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In nature  

In addition to these biological tools, certain naturally observed
configurations of DNA (genes, promoters, enhancers, repressors) and the
associated machinery itself are referred to as an expression system. This term
is normally used in the case where a gene or set of genes is switched on under
well defined conditions, for example, the simple repressor switch expression
system in  Lambda phage  and the  lac
operator  system in bacteria. Several
natural expression systems are directly used or modified and used for
artificial expression systems such as the  Tet-on and Tet-off
 expression system.
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Here’s a corrected rewrite:
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