* _On Virtues and Vices_ , Aristotle, trans. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992. Vol. #285
* _The Eudemian Ethics_ , Aristotle, trans. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library. Vol. #285
*  Oxford English Dictionary  , 20 vol. It has 75 references in English literature of over 500 years of usage of the word 'effeminate'.
* Davis, Madeline and Lapovsky Kennedy, Elizabeth (1989). "Oral History and the Study of Sexuality in the Lesbian Community", _Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past _ (1990), Duberman, etc., eds. New York: Meridian, New American Library, Penguin Books.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  0-452-01067-5  .
* Winkler, John J. (1990). _The Constraints of Desire: The Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece_ . New York: Routledge.
* Williams, Craig A. (1999).  _Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity_  . New York: Oxford University Press.
* Martin, Dale B. (1996). "Arsenokoités and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences", _Biblical Ethics & Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture _ , Robert L. Brawley, ed. Westminster John Knox Press. [ [1] ](https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131647/http://www.clgs.org/5/5_4_3.html)
* Holland, Tom (2004). _Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic_ . Doubleday.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  0-385-50313-X  .
* Halperin, David M. (2002). _How To Do The History of Homosexuality_ , p. 125. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  0-226-31447-2  .
* K.J. Dover, (1989). _Greek Homosexuality_ . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  0-674-36270-5  .
* Levine, Martin P. (1998). Gay Macho. New York: New York University Press.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  0-8147-4694-2  .
* Darryl B. Hill, _"Feminine" Heterosexual Men: Subverting Heteropatriarchal Sexual Scripts?_ (The Journal of Men's Studies, Spring 2006, Men's Studies Press; ISSN 1060-8265)
* Gagnon, John H. (1977). _Human Sexualities_ . Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman.
* David, Deborah S. and Brannon, Robert (1976). _The Forty-Nine Percent Majority: The Male Sex Role_ . Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
* Harry (1982). _Gay Children Grown Up: Gender, Culture and Gender Deviance_ . New York: Praeger.
* Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith (1981). _Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women_ . Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
* Saghir and Robins (1973).
*  Karlen, Arno  (1978). "Homosexuality: The Scene and Its Student", _The Sociology of Sex: An Introductory Reader_ , James M. Henslin and  Edward Sagarin  eds. New York: Schocken.
* Cory, Donald W. and LeRoy, John P. (1963). _The Homosexual and His Society: A View from Within_ . New York: Citadel Press.
* Newton, Esther (1972). _Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America_ . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
* Stearn, Jess (1962). _The Sixth Man_ . New York: MacFadden.
* Bergling, Tim (2001). _Sissyphobia: Gay Men and Effeminate Behavior_ . New York: Harrington Park Press.   ISBN  "ISBN \(identifier\)")  1-56023-990-5  .
* Bailey, Michael; Kim, Peggy; Hills, Alex; and Linsenmeier, Joan (1997). "Butch, Femme, or Straight Acting? Partner Preferences of Gay Men and Lesbians.", _Journal of Personality and Social Psychology_ , 73(5), pp. 960–973.
* Bergling, Tim (1997). "Sissyphobia", _Genre_ , p. 53. September.
* Bailey, Michael (1995). "Gender Identity", _The Lives of Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals_ , p. 71-93. New York: Harcourt Brace.