You need to make sure your business is protected.


While Earth Wendigo uses typical spear-phishing techniques to initiate their attack, the threat actor also uses many atypical techniques to infiltrate the targeted organizations, such as the use of mail signature manipulation and Service Worker infection.


The initial packet from the client to the server shows a data and command length of 65 bytes (0x41 listed at the beginning of the packet) with a command byte of 0x03.  Within that data is a 32-byte seed value followed by a 16-byte initialization vector (IV) value.


APP has a strong track record protecting users – since the program’s inception, there are no documented cases of an account compromise via phishing.


Information warfare, PSYOPs, psychology operations - you name it.


According to the Apache HTTP Server webpage, from 2012 to 2016 there were a total of 31 vulnerabilities found in the Apache HTTP Server.


While these are not broad attacks, they represent an escalation in attacker spear phishing techniques in a way that makes it even more important than ever to have a prevention framework in place.


However, there are some indications that they abused the same vulnerability previously documented by Synacktiv during a pentest, CVE-2021-40539.


It makes sense that new campaigns coming from the same authors/groups will add new extensions like “.xlsx” to support updated versions of Office documents.


Figure 12.


The screenshot below shows the conversion from C/C++ code to Powershell, while the protocol remained unchanged.


It is also important to note that the same paths leaked through all the SLUB samples.


Related IOCs


For the sake of this report, we will call this unnamed threat actor “Urpage.”


The quser command is used to identify active remote sessions.


In later versions it was obfuscated with Base64.


Upon successful infection, the malware starts communicating with an HTML page from a repository stored in a GitHub project.


Additionally, you should practice good cybersecurity hygiene.


Although Play Store users were protected, we are highlighting the app here as TAG has seen APT35 attempt to distribute this spyware on other platforms as recently as July 2021.


This post is also available in:      日本語 (Japanese)  Conti ransomware stands out as one of the most ruthless of the dozens of ransomware gangs that we follow.


When done successfully, this can enable an attacker to convince the user he or she is clicking one window when, in fact, he or she is actually clicking another window.


Then, depending on the victims, the threat actors dropped different types of second-stage backdoors, such as ChiserClient and SmileSvr.


On any given day, TAG is tracking more than 270 targeted or government-backed attacker groups from more than 50 countries.


While one of his signatures uses his own blog domain, there is also a second signature which uses 93[.]gd, a domain that was found to have been actively selling VPS services in the past.


4  Directory to copy all files  %PROGRAMDATA%\Test\  8  Name of the legitimate executable  dlpumgr32.exe  12  Name of the sideloaded DLL  DLPPREM32.DLL


.MSI file installed in the system


For decryption, the malware uses the RSA_public_decrypt() function, which decrypts data encrypted with a corresponding private key, leveraging the “reversibility” of the RSA encryption algorithm.


For every tool that needs to be run, it creates three things:   The auxiliary tool file <filename>.bat file Cmd.exe with a schtasks.exe command to create a scheduled task to run the batch file above  Instead of directly launching the auxiliary tool, it makes use of a scheduled task that runs the batch file that, in turn, executes the tool.


Loading malware through drive-by downloads is so 2012: in 2017 it’s about drive-by mining attacks to earn cryptocurrencies.


Following is an example of such an attempt.


To avoid this, the attacker chose a different approach.


This prompted us to dig deeper.


Commands


Best Practices Lurk’s story demonstrates the aptitude of cybercriminals for honing in on specific victims and profiting from them.


By abusing the SSRF, attackers can create session IDs and access tokens for privileged accounts with the context of the Exchange Control Panel, which can be used to write files with attacker-controlled content at a location on the target server, chosen by the attacker.


We also publicly release information about the operations we disrupt, which is available to our government partners and the general public.


Glupteba is known to steal user credentials and cookies, mine cryptocurrencies on infected hosts, deploy and operate proxy components targeting Windows systems and IoT devices.


Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)  Indicator Attribution Trend Micro Pattern Detection 068d32a43191dc0164b600b85a1621be0154504fd477167422ff4a8fb3406d73 AnimalGames Backdoor.


If the cookies failed to provide access to the account, a login page is displayed and the attacker can manually enter credentials to proceed, as the program will wait until it finds the inbox page.


However, the spyware just hides itself and runs in the background.


Organizations should focus their risk assessments for possible attack until they can patch on four things:  Guidance and Protections for Palo Alto Networks Customers


The response from the server contains an encoded PowerShell script, which is executed in memory.


If the SMTemp.dat file exists, the Loader.dll file executes it.


We terminated 9 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to China.


This is yet another similarity with previous MuddyWater campaigns, which were known to have targeted multiple Turkish government entities.


Safe Browsing also notifies webmasters when their websites are compromised by malicious actors and helps them diagnose and resolve the problem so that their visitors stay safer.


Trojan


The dlrarhsiva.exe Crimson RAT executable


The chart below details the Russian threat actor group SANDWORM’s targeting efforts (by sector) over the last three years.


These threat actors are notably sophisticated and well-equipped.


The C&C communication is encrypted with AES ECB algorithm using a hard-coded password, ZLIB compression, and base85 encoding.


General:


GeckoHtmlElement > (


Since our last update, TAG has observed a continuously growing number of threat actors using the war as a lure in phishing and malware campaigns.


Uses legitimate websites for the C&C server.


In this case, that apparently included VPN credentials, which they then used to log into the network and more laterally from system to system until discovering the data they were after.


The user agent is spoofed so it appears like an outdated browser, which results in an error message and allows the attacker to enable the basic HTML view in Gmail.


MSG_SYNC Sync is a repeated behavior.


However, from 2017 to 2021 the total vulnerabilities number surged to 57.


TClient, for instance, uses DLL hijacking and injection that may not be as noticeable to others.


The real ADFS server of the U.S. Senate is not reachable on the open internet, however phishing of users’ credentials on an ADFS server that is behind a firewall still makes sense.


TAG is committed to sharing our findings as a way of raising awareness with the security community, and with companies and individuals that might have been targeted or suffered from these activities.


Figure 4.


In this situation the researcher is no longer able to determine whether a use-after-free behavior has occurred because no exception would be thrown out.


Hancitor isn’t particularly advanced in its tactics: it’s ideal target is an old or outdated version of Microsoft Windows like Windows 7 or even Windows XP.


I’ve spoken on this at a few events and asked my audiences how many have active cloud infrastructure projects going on, the answer is always most of them.


Websites created using GNUBoard CMS     Exfiltration commands


After encryption, if the total packet length is greater than 98,303 bytes, the packet is sent.


Conclusion


test3.exe  BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.Win64.BIOPASS.A  344cdbc2a7e0908cb6638bc7b81b6b697b32755bad3bed09c511866eff3876c7


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Even the Limitless Keylogger, which was used in targeted attacks, was linked to a GitHub project.


Our analysis shows that the following filenames would store the webshell contents on the server in the event of successful exploitation:  0xd0m7.jsp myshell.jsp shell.jsp tomcatwar.jsp wpz.jsp  The webshell contents written to these files are very similar to the code included in the publicly available PoC as well.


However, the constant addition and changing of features and attack vectors indicate that the attackers behind the campaign are unlikely to stop and are constantly looking to evolve their tools and tactics.


Previously described by Amnesty, this phishing kit has remained under active development over the past five years.


Related IOCs supportcdn.web[.]app vegmobile[.]com 111.90.146[.]198


We’ll continue to take action, identify bad actors and share relevant information with others across industry and governments, with the goal of bringing awareness to these issues, protecting users and preventing future attacks.


Casper C&C with Cobalt Strike’s server fingerprint


The proliferation of commercial hacking tools is a threat to national security, making the Internet less safe and undermining the trust on which a vibrant, inclusive digital society depends.


Figure 10. VPNFilter “dstr” third-stage code for writing to raw flash memory      System reconnaissance (0x08) This module is responsible for sending information from the infected device to the C&C server.


Mimikatz components were also copied to the affected machine via AnyDeskMSI.


For example, if an attacker obtained the private key of an app, he or she could create a fake APK file, sign it using the same certificate as the legitimate app, and replace the targeted app with fake app on the device silently using the “Application upgrade” procedure.


This dialogue mimics the more-capable “CryptoLocker” malware family and provides instructions in both English and Spanish.


But given how quickly and broadly successful it is, combined with the continued high value of cryptocurrencies, we can also conclude that attackers will continue to focus on cryptocurrency and likely will evolve their techniques and tactics quickly.


But we really need to understand what is critical.


HYPERSCRAPE demonstrates Charming Kitten’s commitment to developing and maintaining purpose-built capabilities.


So I thought you and I [00:01:00] could take time today and talk a little bit about cyber warfare, hybrid warfare.


I'm going to buy a loaf of bread and I'm going to come back and we can go to item 3, and I'm going to go and I'm going to come back.


We’ve detected a few emerging trends in recent months.


This practice is not necessarily dangerous, as long as the developer does not share the key with the various banks that contracted the applications.


There were minor differences in tools, tactics, and procedures: the malicious document was directly attached to the spear phishing email — still encrypted — and the decryption password was sent in a different email.


SideWinder’s phishing page disguised as a Nepalese Army OWA (Outlook Web Access) Page      Figure 9.


It also protects organizations from email-based threats.


The decoded string is shown in Table 2.


As we’ve seen in previous samples, this executable file begins by checking the parent process for the presence of ‘cmd.exe’ or ‘explorer.exe’.


Figure 2. Code for downloading the document template with the malicious macro


Our research into and correlation of Protux led us to several samples that have version numbers embedded in them.


They focus on using a combination of stolen credentials and social engineering to gain access to victims.


Figure 1 shows this:      Figure 1 Planted version information      This kind of misleading version data is quite common and does not have information relevant to attribution.


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You can see how this attack can be used convince users to unwittingly install malware on the device.


By examining one of the malicious scripts from the Earth Wendigo campaign, we discovered that it uploaded the tampered Service Worker script to the webmail server disguised as an original script provided by the server.


The Palo Alto Networks attack surface management solution Cortex Xpanse found 19,707 instances of Confluence Servers that are potentially affected by this CVE.


pemra[.]email  ispr[.]email  fbr[.]news  defencepk[.]email  pakistanarmy[.]email  pmogovpk[.]email  mailerservice[.]directory  file-dnld[.]com  funtifu[.]live  cnic-update[.]com  cnic-ferify[.]live  fbr-update[.]com  download.fbr[.]tax  support-team[.]tech  api.priveetalk[.]com       Sender email addresses      latest_info@fbr.news  notice@fbr.news  alert@fbr.news  thenewsinernational@mailerservice.directory


You can also join in the discussion in our “About Threat and Vulnerability Discussions” on the Live Community.


Payload as FlawedAmmyy downloader


Similarly, this application also comes bundled with malicious .NET code.


The second variant does not use a parameter for authentication and uses id for the command to execute.


In fact, we only observed one instance of activity during the weekend, where a new HTML file was created.


The “Documents,” “Downloads,” “Desktop,” and “Pictures” folders of every user


It appears that APT33 took special care to make tracking more difficult.


Decompiled Form structure of Patchwork’s sample (795ae4097aa3bd5932be4110f6bd992f46d605d4c9e3afced314454d35395a59, Detected as TROJ_DELF.XXWZ)


As previously mentioned, DarkSide actors announced that they had stolen data from three more victims since the Colonial Pipeline attack.


This block contains the first 9 bytes of origin data, origin data length, random AES IV, the RSA-encrypted AES encrypt key, and the SHA256 value of AES-encrypted origin data.


The malware then makes the following request:  The filename and uid parameters are statically set in the above request.


The vast majority of these messages were sent to spam without any user ever seeing them, and we were able to preemptively block the domains using Safe Browsing.


Visit the Trend Micro Vision One™ website for more information.


Two of the executables used decoy documents that included information about obituaries.


Spear phishing campaigns of APT33.


POST http://{C2}/?Key={GUID}&Crc={Identifier} { "appName": "Gmail Downloader", "targetname": "{Email}", "HostName": "REDACTED", "srcUserIP": "REDACTED", "actionType": "First", "timeOccurrence": "05/01/2022 05:50:31 PM", "OS": "REDACTED", "OSVersion": "REDACTED", "SystemModel": "REDACTED", "SystemType": "REDACTED", "srcName": "REDACTED", "srcOrgName": "REDACTED" }


It must be noted that “vbccsb” is the default username on ThreatBook Cloud Sandbox, a popular alternative to VirusTotal in China.


Because DGA is a technique the fuels malware attacks, the things you can do to help prevent malware can also help prevent DGA-fueled malware attacks:  In addition, new technologies are being developed that can more directly counter DGA-fueled attacks, particularly for organizations.


Under no circumstances should developers ever use private keys that are publicly available, nor should users download them.


It is probably installed as a service named “TrkWkss.”


Figure 9.


In this particular attack, we observed that to perform lateral movement, the attacker mapped Windows admin shares and used remotely created scheduled tasks to launch malware.


Figure 2. Malicious document containing macros


Users should always be wary and avoid clicking on any link or downloading any file from unsolicited emails or suspicious sources.


We believe (with moderate confidence) that this newly identified activity is connected to MuddyWater (also known as TEMP.Zagros, Static Kitten, Seedworm).


Figure 7.


LockBit 2.0 and its evolution over time is a perfect example to illustrate the persistence, increasing complexity and impact brought by the ransomware landscape as a whole.


However, these components were detected and deleted.


We’ve followed Conti for more than a year through our work helping organizations respond to ransomware attacks.


iPhone users could be compromised by receiving a malicious iMessage text, without ever needing to click a malicious link.


TAG continues to disrupt campaigns from multiple sets of Russian government-backed attackers, some of which are detailed in our previous updates.


The connection of Maikspy variants to 198[.]12[.]155[.]84, hxxp://roundyearfun[.]org/, and 192[.]169[.]217[.]55.


After its launch, the app asks the user to enable accessibility.


Configuration for FRP fast reverse proxy      Chisel is a fast TCP/UDP tunnel, which is mainly used for passing through firewalls.


We terminated 123 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


It then registers the uploaded script to the user’s Service Worker before removing it from the server immediately after registration.


An overview of Earth Lusca’s infrastructure      Social Engineering and Vulnerability Exploitation techniques


The sender address impersonates a service similar to that on the first email (alert@ispr.gov.pk).       Figure 1.


It will be attached in each of commands sent from the server and will also be used as the folder name on a cloud storage service to save the stolen data.


= 3968066955;


The ransomware was effectively blocked before the IOCs were added to our backend detection pattern.


MSIL.SUNBURST.A


A primary reason for the popularity of SMS-based IAP is that it does not require Internet connectivity, just cell service.


From the previous code section, we can see the default attribute added by ConfuserEx is “ConfusedBy”.


Additionally, we observed the initial email being linked to a GitHub account (Figure 16), as well as various forums including XSS, a known Russian-speaking hacking forum created to share knowledge about exploits, vulnerabilities, malware and network penetration.


Indicators of Compromise  Indicator  Description  Detection  mail2000tw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     bf[.]mail2000tw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     admin[.]mail2000tw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     googletwtw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     bf[.]googletwtw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     ws[.]googletwtw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     admin[.]googletwtw[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     anybodyopenfind[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     support[.]anybodyopenfind[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     supports[.]anybodyopenfind[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     supportss[.]anybodyopenfind[.]com  Domain operated by Earth Wendigo     a61e84ac9b9d3009415c7982887dd7834ba2e7c8ea9098f33280d82b9a81f923  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  66cf12bb9b013c30f9db6484caa5d5d0a94683887cded2758886aae1cb5c1c65  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  4cdaca6b01f52092a1dd30fc68ee8f6d679ea6f7a21974e4a3eb8d14be6f5d74  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  f50a589f3b3ebcc326bab55d1ef271dcec372c25d65f381a409ea85929a34b49  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  e047aa878f9e7a55a80cc1b70d0ac9840251691e91ab6454562afbff427b0879  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  a1a6dc2a6c795fc315085d00aa7fdabd1f043b28c68d4f98d4152fe539f026f1  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  10d2158828b953ff1140376ceb79182486525fd14b98f743dafa317110c1b289  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  0e04a03afa5b66014457136fb4d437d51da9067dc88452f9ebd098d10c97c5b8  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  75f3f724a2bfda1e74e0de36ff6a12d3f2ea599a594845d7e6bc7c76429e0fa4  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  c3bc364409bb0c4453f6d80351477ff8a13a1acdc5735a9dff4ea4b3f5ad201c  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  5251087bb2a0c87ac60c13f2edb7c39fb1ea26984fcc07e4cf8b39db31ce2b08  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  7fa9a58163dd233065a86f9ed6857ed698fc6e454e6b428ea93f4f711279fb61  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  f568f823959be80a707e05791718c1c3c377da1b0db1865821c1cf7bc53b6084  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  a54d58d5a5812abaede3e2012ae757d378fb51c7d3974eaa3a3f34511161c1db  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  77c3d62cce21c2c348f825948042f7d36999e3be80db32ac98950e88db4140b1  Earth Wendigo XSS attack script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  c0dabb52c73173ea0b597ae4ad90d67c23c85110b06aa3c9e110a852ebe04420  Earth Wendigo Service Worker script  Trojan.JS.WENDIGOE.A  efe541889f3da7672398d7ad00b8243e94d13cc3254ed59cd547ad172c1aa4be  Earth Wendigo WebSocket JavaScript backdoor  Backdoor.JS.WENDIGOE.A  2411b7b9ada83f6586278e0ad36b42a98513c9047a272a5dcb4a2754ba8e6f1d  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.A  1de54855b15fc55b4a865723224119029e51b381a11fda5d05159c74f50cb7de  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.A  d935c9fe8e229f1dabcc0ceb02a9ce7130ae313dd18de0b1aca69741321a7d1b  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.B  50f23b6f4dff77ce4101242ebc3f12ea40156a409a7417ecf6564af344747b76  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.C    fab0c4e0992afe35c5e99bf9286db94313ffedc77d138e96af940423b2ca1cf2  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.C    4d9c63127befad0b65078ccd821a9cd6c1dccec3e204a253751e7213a2d39e39  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.C    25258044c838c6fc14a447573a4a94662170a7b83f08a8d76f96fbbec3ab08e2  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.C    13952e13d310fb5102fd4a90e4eafe6291bc97e09eba50fedbc2f8900c80165f  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win32.WENDIGOE.C    ccb7be5a5a73104106c669d7c58b13a55eb9db3b3b5a6d3097ac8b68f2555d39  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win64.WENDIGOE.A    40a251184bb680edadfa9778a37135227e4191163882ccf170835e0658b1e0ed  Earth Wendigo Shellcode Loader  Trojan.Win64.WENDIGOE.B    0d6c3cc46be2c2c951c24c695558be1e2338635176fa34e8b36b3e751ccdb0de  Cobalt Strike  Trojan.Win32.COBALT.SM       Tags  Articles, News, Reports | APT & Targeted Attacks | Research


See below:


Ed:


By March 2017, the repository already contained 14 different HTML pages created at various times.


However, following the Presidential EO this week, we could well see Russian APT groups or their proxies expand their targeting of U.S. critical infrastructure.


We have evidence that other routers are affected too, but as of reporting, we were not able to collect Cyclops Blink malware samples for routers other than WatchGuard and Asus.


When the security gaps on the network attack surface are exploited, it allows an attacker to perform spoofing, reconnaissance, automated data collection, and denial of service (DoS), affecting the control of an exposed system.


2.      The “set key” handler is used for accepting the victim ID, a random string with six characters, assigned by the C&C server.


When this command is received, the following example request is made:


Write-what-where condition  Table 2.


Basically, standard phishing attacks rely on the law of averages for its success.


Geopolitical risk is also a big concern for securing supply chains.


This type of attack is most likely to be used to get malicious software on the user’s Android device.


After downloading the payload, it removes the quarantine attribute of the file to bypass Gatekeeper.


The documents are also unusually large — often more than 10 megabytes.


The message content is “hey test msg” as circled with dashed red box.


While analyzing samples, we found that the C&C server was already inactive.


In Resources, the Default resource contains the encrypted configuration.


This post is also available in:      日本語 (Japanese)  Unit 42 continuously hunts for new and unique malware samples that match known advanced persistent threat (APT) patterns and tactics.


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The fraudsters, whom we named “Water Nue,” primarily target accounts of financial executives to obtain credentials for further financial fraud.


The number of months that Cyclops Blink C&Cs have been live; it is important to note that live C&Cs during the time of reporting have been included.


In the mid-to-late 2010s, more private companies have joined the marketplace selling these 0-day capabilities.


As shown in the following screenshot, the signature is considered to be valid by the Windows operating system.


Updated on May 6, 2020, 7:20 Pacific Time with further details regarding directories targeted for encryption.


A closer look at Waterbear Waterbear employs a modular approach to its malware.


The script performs checks by scanning localhost to determine if the machine is infected by BIOPASS RAT while showing the fake updated webpages.


In Russia, long running campaigns against multiple government organizations have continued, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


He was probably either using the Windows version of Secret Chat Point or its web interface, which explains why hayat22 was urging him to install Android Tweety Chat.


The following table shows the types that the threat actor has defined.


Reconnaissance  This attack does not appear to be targeted.


This vulnerability is believed to have allowed threat actors to gain access to the underlying websites leveraged by the Ukraine government.


Email address associated with Lapsus$ Group: saudegroup[at]ctemplar[.]com  Updated March 25, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. PT.


Since the web shell runs as the SYSTEM user, an attacker can fetch the NT LAN Manager (NTLM) hashes of the logged-in users, create or delete accounts, and perform extensive post-exploitation activities on the Exchange Server.      Figure - Executing Mimikatz as SYSTEM using CC      Fig - System Owner User Discovery     The above event was triggered when we ran whoami from within the Chopper web shell.


Figure 9.


We believe further activities are propagated via spear-phishing attacks.


During this campaign, threat actors used post-exploitation tools to dump passwords, tunnel their C&C communication using open-source tools, and use additional C&C infrastructure to establish a persistent presence within targeted hosts and environments.


Data collected to be used in formation of unique key  This data is then hashed using the SHA256 algorithm to generate a unique key.


The hot spots in the United States represents distribution servers which are created using fraud based accounts at various hosting providers that are hosting the Hancitor documents while the hotspots in Asia represent legitimate sites for small and medium businesses that have been compromised by the actors behind Hancitor campaign to host the malicious Hancitor documents.


Instead, you should verify that the message and the attachment are legitimate by contacting the sender in some way other than replying to the email (because replying to the email may go back to the attackers who will, of course, say it’s legitimate).


The ransomware used by the group is a relatively new family that was first spotted in August 2020, but the group draws on experience from previous financially successful cybercrime enterprises.


With AI-powered Inline analysis, the Next-Generation Firewall stops exploits that lead to infection, and WildFire’s always up-to-date machine learning models monitor behavior to preemptively detect unknown ransomware.


Figure 5 shows a packet capture of a test message upload.


The displayed email header “from” and subject also pretend as a voicemail service.


The group also uses steganography to mask their backdoor routines and evade anti-malware and network perimeter detection.


Exfiltration techniques and information interest are very similar if not fully matched  While it is always possible for another group to imitate the TTPs of a different group to confuse attribution, there does not seem to be any indication of that here.


Performing a factory reset might blank out an organization’s configuration, but not the underlying operating system that the attackers have modified.


The information collected from the fingerprinting phase included screen resolution, timezone, languages, browser plugins, and available MIME types.


It also checks the Windows version running on the system.


This time around, x4k is using the logo as the start menu for his OS enviorment.


Randomly generated AES256 key  Figure 23. Scrambled AES256 key (0xC1 XOR 0x13 = 0xD2, 0xD2 ROL 6 = 0xB4) etc.)


Related IOCs


However, this wallet had not really received any ransom payments when the malware was delivered.


Some commodity malware used included RedLine, Vidar, Predator The Thief, Nexus stealer, Azorult, Raccoon, Grand Stealer, Vikro Stealer, Masad (Google’s naming), and Kantal (Google’s naming) which shares code similarity with Vidar.


If user32.dll were encrypted and unusable, it would be a problem.


Figure 5.


Upon receiving the malicious document, the user is advised to enable macros.


Take a look at Trend Micro Cloud One, part of our complete cybersecurity platform, to learn more.


If the shared memory doesn't exist, it takes the PID embedded by the first-stage shellcode.


As this means the security protecting private keys varies widely, the security risks of bad certificate management cannot be ignored and must be identified, and where necessary, mitigated.


The net of these three points is that ransomware is a threat such that focus needs to be placed solely around prevention.


Waterbear similarly employs a modular approach to its malware.


The code is extremely similar between UPX-packed binaries and the custom packer, however the custom packer avoids using identifiable section names such as .UPX0 and .UPX1, and leaves the default .text, .data, and .rsrc names unchanged.


Most ransomware is delivered via email with an attached archive; the ransomware is compressed in the archived files with or without password protection.


There was no sandbox escape or implant delivered via this exploit.


This message is pretty straightforward, assuming the user actually reads it.


In early March, Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) published an update on the cyber activity it was tracking with regard to the war in Ukraine.


Known 9002 RAT string pattern inside the decrypted payload of the rcview.log file Correlating 9002 RAT


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It’s in parsing these functions that the new Bash vulnerability exists, as the shell mistakenly executes code that is added after a function definition.


Figure 10.


= _


While investigating a 2017 credential phishing campaign that targeted a prominent Russian anti-corruption journalist, we discovered the Russian attacker targeting other journalists, politicians across Europe, and various NGOs and non-profit organizations.


The initial bodiless payload was designed to be triggered by the exploit kit shellcode, which performed routine checks in the infected machine.


Enforce the principle of least privilege.


x.TextContent.StartsWith("Review blocked sign-in attempt") || x.TextContent.


Understanding the techniques used by attackers helps us counter these threats effectively.


Hooking T1179   Hooks security product’s commonly used APIs Privilege Escalation   Process Injection T1055 Injects the decrypts payload into svchost.exe process Hooking T1179   Hooks security products’ commonly used APIs Defense Evasion Binary Padding T1009 Adds junk data to evade anti-virus scan Disabling Security Tools T1089 Targets a specific security product’s process for injection purposes Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information T1140 Uses TROJ_WATERBEAR to decrypt encrypted payload Execution Guardrails T1480 Targets specific software in the victim’s environment DLL


Based on our data, the version that contains the SMS stealing functions is newer and was released around August 2015.


We terminated 3 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Iran.


Instead, the future is moving to a more consolidated approach with fewer vendors.


The Managed Threat Hunting team immediately reported this incident to the customer and continues to monitor our customers using the XQL queries in the following section.


This vulnerability only affects SMBv3 and the following builds of the Microsoft Windows operating system (OS):  Review the workaround guidance provided by the Microsoft Security Vulnerability.


This would certainly be good news to anyone reading this blog, but for the criminal it’s a big setback and source of frustration.


We appreciate the Committee’s focus on this issue, and recommend the U.S. Intelligence Community prioritize identifying and analyzing threats from foreign commercial spyware providers as being on par with other major advanced threat actors.


It does this via cmd.exe with the following command:   move /Y  "{malware_location}"  "C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\gdrive.exe"  Every time the malware runs a command using cmd.exe, the standard output (STDOUT) of the executed command is piped and written to a Google Drive account with the following filename format:   {utcnow}_report_{victim’s id}       Figure 6.


Table 4  The second sample using the QTI International Inc certificate also uses IP 211.233.89.182 for C2 but does not first connect to a Google Code page and is not PlugX.


We successfully prevented both attacks from causing any harm.


These include:     Infecting third-party companies which supply code to other sites (e.g., those that provide online ad services).


The child process writes four bytes to the SSL socket.


If the security and intelligence community continues to come together to share what information we have on offensive Russian cyber activity, and customers have the right detection and response tools in place, organizations can maintain a strong defensive posture.


Once attackers have infected a PC through some exploit or social engineering, one of their major challenges is keeping control of that system.


Next, the device must support ADB backup, which was not introduced until Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich).


contents detected as VBS_KEYLOG.NYKW fd883a978dd6d95fa5c3b5e0a154e0e07b06e7cb6c685f1ca9f58c73122df24d – archive file; contents detected as VBS_KEYLOG.NYKW 7413c7c0317e49e49d595408f721c2ab2f120215374accf2f8133c9d9ad603fb – detected as WORM_DUNIHI.AUSHH 89427241e26748949c235fc43805c72960d9c2711fa72036c33137648bb475fa – detected as VBS_REMCOS.B


This could include deploying ransomware to victim organizations.


Attackers will use credential theft for remote access to an organization, to access cloud-based resources (which may have weaker credential protections than network-based resources), or to move laterally within an organization once they’ve gained entry.


Jon:


As we encourage more DDS researchers, users, and implementors to keep on studying and promoting security awareness for the DDS ecosystem, we hope the level of engagement we received can serve as a model for the software industry.


Collection


Because the group uses a diversity of techniques for attacks, no single technique can protect against Lapsus$ or detect its attacks.


We found that were multiple layers of obfuscation using a combination of two tools: the .NET protectors ConfuserEx and Cassandra (CyaX).


Cloud computing is on a roll.


This new campaign used updated instances of the Tdrop malware family discovered in the Operation Troy campaign.


Many Russian government cyber assets have remained focused on Ukraine and related issues since the invasion began, while Russian APT activity outside of Ukraine largely remains the same.


The recent spoofed emails we have seen are forged to appear to come from Jane’s 360 Defense Events to tell the recipient about events coming up in 2018.


While analyzing the ransomware binaries, we discovered a unique string prevalent in almost all of the samples: :wtfbbq (stored as UTF-16LE).


Code signatures on Windows executables provide guarantees about the integrity of a signed executable, as well as information about the identity of the signer.


Appendix A Additional Resources


The HTA executed an obfuscated PowerShell script that contains a shellcode, capable of connecting back to the C&C server to execute arbitrary commands.


Figure 19. Round Year Fun logo found at Maikspy’s malicious domain


The Trend Micro™ Cloud App Security solution enhances the security of Microsoft Office 365 and other cloud services through sandbox malware analysis for BEC and other advanced threats.


.odt


For example, TAG discovered campaigns targeting Armenian users which utilized zero-day vulnerabilities in Chrome and Internet Explorer.


But if you want to keep your home devices more secure, you need to make sure the underlying router and Wi-Fi are more secure.


For information on Palo Alto Networks protections, please see our posting Palo Alto Networks Protections Against WanaCrypt0r Ransomware Attacks.


Malicious actors, once in an organization’s network, will need to move beyond their initial infection location to other parts of the network, seeking out areas that hold the data or critical systems they wish to utilize.


In both images, the user is presented with a shortcut file (LNK file) that starts the malicious activity when double-clicked.


To prevent this, Funtasy blocks the incoming messages before they are displayed to the user and modifies the time stamp on each message to make them appear to have been received 15 days earlier.


Cloud investments are delivering innovative customer experiences, streamlining business processes and driving enterprise agility across the planet.


Using his username and alias and pivot, we were able to identify two Telegram accounts sharing the same picture as observed before, and descriptions pointing to the threat actor’s main site фсб[.]com.


An additional executable that serves as a launcher is loaded in memory, which then loads the final SysUpdate payload.


There are many reasons why we are in this overloaded place, drowning in alerts and logs.


Cookie Theft, also known as “pass-the-cookie attack,” is a session hijacking technique that enables access to user accounts with session cookies stored in the browser.


Jon:


Lateral Movement


Microsoft patched 129 IE vulnerabilities in all of 2013 and today’s release brings the 2014 total to 116.


By submitting this form, you agree to our Terms of Use and acknowledge our Privacy Statement.


Note that in this specific campaign, both the Crimson RAT malware downloader document and the ObliqueRat malware downloader share the same download domain, which is sharingmymedia[.]com.


An old dog learning new tricks Protux is an old backdoor, with its first version developed in 2005.


We are admittedly uncertain of the extent — and success — of their use, but it’s one of the ingredients of the group’s operations.


“defined_setnocandy”  -- After reading mutex names for a few hours this just sticks out like a sore thumb.


Sure there’s some herd-immunity with EDR that the greater number of managed endpoints the harder it is for an attacker to move laterally or deeper.


The client then combines the 32-byte seed value with the static password in a predetermined fashion to form an AES key.


RemoteUtilities Installation     The MSI installer installs a service on the victim machine called Remote Utilities – Host:      Figure 5.


However, the network bandwidth in embedded systems is also lower than, for example, what internet nodes can provide.


Please mark, I'm not a robot!


Comparing the earlier MuddyWater campaign with this new one reveals some distinct similiarities:    2017 MuddyWater Campaign 2018 “MuddyWater” Campaign Countries of Targeted Organizations Georgia, India, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab Emirates, and the USA Turkey, Pakistan, Tajikistan


Figure 5. C style code of st_ProtecFreeManageHeap


ATT&CK enables network defenders and cyber threat intelligence analysts to collaborate through an open community to continuously identify tactics, techniques and tools used by 90+ global threat actor groups to improve their protection and detection.


Because of the likelihood of ransomware attacks – or destructive attacks that pose as ransomware – it may be beneficial to focus on preparing in this area, particularly ensuring backup and recovery plans are in place.


jsonInfo.Data = this.OperationObject.GetUsername(); pipeCommunication.Write(jsonInfo); break; } }


Here’s the chart for bitcoin over the last two years, showing a rise of 2,000% to 4,000% in the versus the U.S. dollar.


We have also observed proliferation risk from nation state actors attempting to gain access to the exploits of these vendors.


Phase 1 + data exfiltration and threatening data release.


AnubisSpy can also self-destruct to cover its tracks.


Hardware UUID  Figure 13.


The certificate information is stored within the certificate’s  “/META-INF” folder.


During our recent Waterbear investigation, we discovered that the DLL loader loaded two payloads.


Typical /proc/


Upon discovery, all identified websites and domains were added to Safe Browsing to protect users from further exploitation.


hxxp://207[.]148[.]94[.]157/aio.exe hxxp://207[.]148[.]94[.]157/smb.exe hxxp://207[.]148[.]94[.]157/m.ex_ hxxp://207[.]148[.]94[.]157/w hxxp://207[.]148[.]94[.]157/Web.ex_


Our reporting is consistent with earlier analysis produced by CitizenLab and Meta.


Organizations can benefit from having Trend Micro™ endpoint solutions such as Trend Micro Smart Protection Suites and Worry-Free™ Business Security.


Innovation is as much about quickly and completely copying others’ best practices as it is about coming up with new approaches.


Figure 10.


Older systems (like Windows XP) and devices (like older Android smartphones and IoT devices) will likely never receive fixes for these vulnerabilities.


Get the return of POST Header {Variable}.work.fork Creates rundll32.exe process {Variable}.http HTTP Connection functions {Variable}.http.create Creates initial HTTP objects {Variable}.http.post POST header {Variable}.http.addHeaders


Tweet us your thoughts at @TrendMicro.


We terminated 2 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into a coordinated influence operation linked to Iran.


Embedded Flash files  In addition to built-in capabilities, like macros, Office documents can also be embedded with external objects, such as Adobe Flash files.


We can see how the Freenki malware, previous SLUB campaigns, and Operation Earth Kitsune share many common TTPs in their delivery and persistence mechanisms.


The participant must also be a US citizen and currently hold or be able to attain federal security clearance at the Secret or higher level, or be in a role that justifies application for Department of Homeland Security-sponsored private sector clearance.


Given the service’s position as a security and operations building block, all vulnerabilities that affect DDS also affect the rest of the software stack, such as RTPS and all ROS 2 instances.


After a host is infected, there is no communication from the malware back to the attacker.


Today, Microsoft patched 59 Internet Explorer vulnerabilities, 21 of them discovered by Palo Alto Networks researchers.


Today, we’re sharing recent findings on government-backed phishing, threats and disinformation, as well as a new bulletin to share information about actions we take against accounts that we attribute to coordinated influence campaigns.


The table below lists examples of the commands and outputs for ANEL versions 5.1.1 rc and 5.1.2 rc1.


The following data is broken into fiscal years and quarters based on when the threat actor breached the network, not when the activity was noticed by a client.


Whether it’s a big-name e-commerce brand like Newegg, a national airline, a global ticketing site (Ticketmaster), or even online campus stores serving nearly 200 universities in the US and Canada–as long as they accept online payments, they’re at risk.


Publication of VMware advisory VMSA-2022-0011 regarding CVE-2022-22954, CVE-2022-22955,CVE-2022-22956, CVE-2022-22957, CVE-2022-22958, CVE-2022-22959, CVE-2022-22960, CVE-2022-22961.


We assess with high confidence that commercial surveillance company Cytrox packaged these vulnerabilities, and sold the hacking software to at least eight governments.


Recent sha256 hashes of malware samples:  This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q4 2021.


Depending on the backdoor’s specialization and sophistication, it can also capture keystrokes, take screenshots, scrape memory for valuable information, search for files meeting certain criteria, query databases, download files and additional malware, exfiltrate data and files, and even serve as an attack platform.


Void Balaur’s high-profile targets


But finding the right cybersecurity partners can still be something of an operational challenge involving a mountain of manual work.


These targets belong to different industries such as the telecommunications, retail, financial, medical, and even the biotech sectors.


In these cases, the coin mining is authorized; the website informs the user that, while on the site, his or her computing resources will be used to “mine” digital currency, and the site will receive the credits.


The function address table of the payload.


We terminated 9 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into a coordinated influence operation linked to Egypt.


Evaluations conducted by MITRE Engenuity don’t generate any scores, rankings or ratings.


Cybercriminals have become good business people: they saw the benefits and embraced the change.


While we continue to fight these threats on a technical level, the providers of these capabilities operate openly in democratic countries.


Unit 42, together with researchers at Unit 221b, identified the primary actor behind the Lapsus$ Group moniker in 2021, and have been assisting law enforcement in their efforts to prosecute this group.


Task Name  Behavior   ServiceHub  Executes Python with a parameter that is the Python script to download and execute Cobalt Strike loader script “c1222” module  ShellExperienceHost  Executes Python with a parameter that is the Python script to download and execute BIOPASS RAT script “big” module   Table 1.


A list of minimally obfuscated commands, function names, and variables from a Crimson RAT malware sample     Crimson RAT can steal credentials from browsers, collect antivirus information, capture screenshots, and list victim drives, processes, and directories.


FIN7 attacks can and inject code into processes and hijack the search order used to load DLL files.


Google has a long track record combating commercial surveillance tools targeting our users.


As always, we continue to publish details surrounding the actions we take against coordinated influence operations in our quarterly TAG bulletin.


Our internal research team discovered each of these 21 vulnerabilities and reported them to Microsoft so they could begin building and testing patches.


In the first quarter (Q1) of 2021, Unit 42 detected 113 different ransomware families in the wild.


Once people clicked on the emails, they were presented with phishing pages designed to trick them into providing their Google account credentials.


Where once we only needed substreams to focus on threat actors such as China, Russia, and North Korea, TAG now has a dedicated analysis subteam dedicated to commercial vendors and operators.


Back then, we noted that ChessMaster's sophisticated nature implied that the campaign could evolve, before finding changes in the tools and tactics used in the campaign a few months later.


The former involves credentials that are usually in the form of hash or clear text, while the latter involves API or web portals.


The two keys used for this encryption are generated using another unidentified algorithm.


The former has been utilized in a campaign involving the Pillowmint malware.


This means that even though this malware is functionally ransomware, for threat assessment purposes, it should be functionally considered a “wiper”.


Trend Micro Incorporated.


Reports differ on whether this is delivered through social engineering that convinces the user to install the fake update or if it is delivered silently through unpatched vulnerabilities (i.e. “drive-by” installs).  Lateral Movement


Confucius targeted a particular set of individuals in South Asian countries, such as military personnel and businessmen, among others.


For example,  “autoproto_*”  -- More than 20 mutexes share that preface, offering a natural fingerprint.


This functionality allows the script to identify whether the victim has already been infected by their malware.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q1 2022.


BIOPASS RAT highlights the importance of downloading from trusted sources BIOPASS RAT is a sophisticated type of malware that is implemented as Python scripts.


We took a look at one of the samples captured from Capesand that was used to deploy the njRat malware – notably its main executable NotepadEx.


Cybercriminals have embraced the anonymous nature of cryptocurrency as a new preferred method of profit.


Please mark, I'm not a robot!


We encourage anyone who discovers a Chrome vulnerability to report that activity via the Chrome VRP submission process.


Malware Analysis


Figure 7: Using a newly created California Colleges account.


APP was designed specifically for high-risk accounts.


More recently, we have seen an uptick in webshell content as seen in Figure 17, which is related to another proof-of-concept script created by K3rwin.


Figure 7. Executed with the /domain argument to collect username information      Figure 8.


Figure 2.


The following detection rules safeguard a vulnerable Exchange Server from the CVEs reported:  Intrusion Prevention System detections:    1010854 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-26855) 1010868 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-27065) 1010870 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-27065) – 1 1007170 - Identified Suspicious China Chopper Webshell Communication (ATT&CK T1100) 1005934 - Identified Suspicious Command Injection Attack  Integrity Monitoring detections:  1010855 - Microsoft Exchange - HAFNIUM Targeted Vulnerabilities       1010854 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-26855)      1007170 - Identified Suspicious China Chopper Webshell Communication (ATT&CK T1100)      1010870 - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-27065) - 1      1005934 - Identified Suspicious Command Injection Attack


For example, some markers that we discovered during our analysis refer to different versions of RAT code, such as “V2” or “BPSV3”.


In addition to the previous OLE & HTA exploit, attackers discovered RTF files can also execute ‘text/html’ mime-type OLE objects using the MSHTML.


Figure 1.


However, one thing to consider is if all you really want or need is a smart music device, it may make sense to keep your purchases focused on devices that do only that.


Download our full paper here.


He didn’t bother using services which hid his IP addresses from mail headers, which allowed us to correlate these addresses to a dynamic DNS domain used by the attacker.


AnubisSpy’s code is well constructed, indicating the developer/s’ know-how.


It appears to be one of many private cybercrime groups that have set up their operations by leveraging the booming ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) ecosystem.


It’s easy to see why the services of a cybermercenary like Void Balaur is in demand — these types of information can be very useful for a group or an individual who wants to launch an attack on specific targets.


In collaboration with YouTube, Gmail, Trust & Safety, CyberCrime Investigation Group and Safe Browsing teams, our protections have decreased the volume of related phishing emails on Gmail by 99.6% since May 2021.


After enabling macros, a .dll file (with a PowerShell code embedded) and a .reg file are dropped into %temp% directory.


test3.exe  BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.Win64.BIOPASS.A  281c938448e32eb12fe8c5439ef06cea848668cf57fed5ad64b9a8d1e07de561


It’s part of a new wave of attacks designed to implant “digital skimming” code on e-commerce sites, in order to siphon off your card details as they are entered in to pay for goods.


Like the VBA macro code, the group just executes the downloaded file 234.exe by cmd.exe.


Google detected the app quickly and removed it from the Play Store before any users had a chance to install it.


Stay tuned for more upcoming blogs on how XDR will help improve our overall security strategy moving forward.


We terminated 299 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to China.


Persistence


It is likely that the malicious actors compromised the web servers first and then ran “xss_spoof” for propagation.


Derusbi is known to be used by multiple advanced persistent threat (APT) groups.


Additionally and rather uniquely, they leverage legitimate file-sharing services like WeTransfer, TransferNow and OneDrive to deliver the payload, further evading detection mechanisms.


Tags  Cloud | APT & Targeted Attacks | Expert Perspective | Exploits & Vulnerabilities | Articles, News, Reports


Additionally, network devices, embedded systems and Internet-connected devices (like IP Cameras) often run Linux and could be vulnerable.


In contrast to commercial surveillance vendors, who we generally observe selling a capability for the end user to operate, hack-for-hire firms conduct attacks themselves.


We saw attacks against political organizations again in the second half of 2017.


Timing   In our most recent research, one of the things that jumped out for our researchers is the clear pattern around the timing of the attacks.


Supply chain attacks don’t just affect users and businesses — they exploit the trust between vendors and its clients or customers.


Table 2.


Because the malicious email has a context for the target, he or she is more likely to trust it and open the email message and any attachments.


Ransomware will only continue to evolve.


We terminated 15 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Ethiopia.


The proliferation of commercial hacking tools is a threat to national security, making the Internet less safe and undermining the trust on which a vibrant, inclusive digital society depends.


As a member of the Microsoft Active Protections Program (MAPP) program, Palo Alto Networks received early details of the vulnerability, providing greater understanding of the threat, which helps us implement strong product coverage.


In this paper, we look at the problem of credential theft by exploring how it happens, what attackers do with credentials once they’ve stolen them, and what you can do to help prevent credential-based attacks.


.docx      Figure 3. Exploitation of DDEAUTO  Figure 4.


This is not the group’s first foray into cyberespionage, and its long list of past cybercrimes also includes ransomware and cryptocurrency mining attacks.


The hosted file is retrieved from the following URL:  hxxps://cdn.discordapp[.]com/attachments/928503440139771947/930108637681184768/Tbopbh.jpg


It was last updated on July 29, 2021.


Tom Fanning, Chairman, President & CEO of Southern Company, says that national security greatly depends on the collaboration between private sector and the government.


We tested HYPERSCRAPE in a controlled environment with a test Gmail Account, although functionality may differ for Yahoo! and Microsoft accounts.


In another case, our client needed an inventory of all files accessed, so that they could notify parties whose data was affected.


Upon discovery, all identified websites and domains were added to Safe Browsing to protect users from further harm.


But it would be a mistake to write-off the threat that Shamoon 2 demonstrates.


This data, along with an encoded version of the Terms of Service are stored as static strings in the Android package file.


Because a lot of people don't have the experience of working with cybersecurity, working in cybersecurity, so their only perception is what they see either through media—you know TV, movies, books—or if they happen to run into somebody at in the industry.


17 of the top 50 games in JoloPlay contain at least one of these IAP SDKs.


Living up to its cybermercenary label, Void Balaur does not limit itself to the geopolitical scene.


While targeted attacks gain the most attention from researchers and media, the majority of malware infections are untargeted and even indiscriminate.


Table 1  We discovered a total of seven samples, five of which were not in VirusTotal prior to our submission.


This time, the DLL loader loaded two payloads – the first payload performed functionalities we have not seen before: It injected codes into a specific security product to do API hooking in order to hide the backdoor from the product.


This threat group is extremely persistent and relies heavily on spear-phishing as their initial attack vector, but has also been associated with other more sophisticated attacks such credential harvesting campaigns and DNS hijacking.


Sandworm was also responsible for many high-profile attacks, including the 2015 and 2016 attacks on the Ukrainian electrical grid, the 2017 NotPetya attack, the 2017 French presidential campaign, the 2018 Olympic Destroyer attack on the Winter Olympic Games, and a 2018 operation against the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).  Cyclops Blink malware analysis  Cyclops Blink is a modular malware written in the C language.


It does this by correctly erasing the NAND eraseblocks first via ioctl() calls, and then writing the new content to them, as the following image shows:      Figure 9.


On any given day, TAG is tracking more than 270 targeted or government-backed attacker groups from more than 50 countries.


This is done in conjunction with the Process Monitor driver (procxp152.sys), both of which are dropped upon loading the rootkit, even if they are not originally installed in the machine.


Unit 42 believes that x4k, this threat actor, is now expanding into the ransomware business to capitalize on some of the gains other ransomware groups are making.


As can be clearly seen, mutex 2gvwnqjz1 is strongly associated with malware.


Opens/Reads specified file 0x5002 Unknown 0x5004 Opens/Writes specified file 0x5006


3. Third party app developers using the same key for all apps generated for all customers


Also, we could not find anything malicious in the latest Windows installer.


This time, it expects an encrypted packet to be decrypted using the hard-coded RSA-2560 public key.


The script for grabbing page content and sending it back to the attacker     Credential Phishing


Unlike other forms of malware, ransomware is very specific in its targeting.


Every malicious piece of this attack was hosted on legitimate services, making it harder for defenders to rely on network signals for detection.


All communication to these C&C servers are done on three different port numbers: 53 (DNS), 80 (HTTP), and 443 (HTTPS).


Figure 3: The seller showed how to register for student discount accounts.


= (this.m_longArrBase - 8);


We have also observed proliferation risk from nation state actors attempting to gain access to the exploits of these vendors.


This vulnerability is so widespread that Microsoft has released patches to protect Windows XP, for which Microsoft has ended support since April 8, 2014.


cdaemon.txt  BIOPASS RAT Python Script (Cdaemon module)  Trojan


Figure 2: Stealing function excerpt from Fuddi Duniya Android app


Protected View was triggered during execution of the nao_sec example, however, John Hammond demonstrated you can bypass Protected View by using an RTF file instead.


The figure below is the decoded .res file from Figure 9.


However, we don’t know what code they delivered because the server was already down when we were verifying the malware variants.


One of APT35’s novel techniques involves using Telegram for operator notifications.


Figure 9.


In order to sell anything on Taobao, a seller must at least create a valid Alipay account (similar to PayPal) linked to a valid Chinese citizen ID number (similar to a U.S. Social Security number), and then associate it with a valid Chinese bank account under the same citizen ID.


For the C&C connections, the customized Lilith RAT will first check in to the attacker’s Dropbox and see if the victim host exists.


We found that most of the recipients hold high corporate positions, particularly in the finance department.


Going Global 2014 was a significant year in Lurk’s history.


Malware samples:


Recently observed COLDRIVER credential phishing domains: Ghostwriter, a Belarusian threat actor, recently introduced a new capability into their credential phishing campaigns.


The main idea of new exploitation technique is to alter a flag that is used to control the security setting of an ActiveX object.


During the analysis of the MicroBackdoor sample, Unit 42 observed the configuration and found an embedded IP address, belonging to a threat actor we believe is potentially the developer: x4k, also known as L4ckyguy, unKn0wn, unk0w, _unkn0wn and x4kme.


Another very common webshell seen within our telemetry is the exact same with different HTTP parameters and values used by the webshell, as seen in Figure 15.


The mutex is the fundamental tool for managing shared resources between multiple threads (or processes).


The USBferry malware also loads a C&C configuration file and flash_en.dat, which is also located in the C:\Users\Public\Documents\Flash


And as others have reported, we’re seeing a resurgence in COVID-related hacking and phishing attempts from numerous commercial and government-backed attackers.


Table: The API hashes for dynamic API loading


Extension File Type .doc, docx Microsoft Word document .xls,.xlsx


Furthermore, it no longer uses ZIP.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q1 2022.


Figure 2.


{ try { JsonInfo jsonInfo = pipeCommunication.Read(); switch (jsonInfo.Type) { case JsonType.GetCookies: jsonInfo.Data = this.CookieText; pipeCommunication.Write(jsonInfo); break; case JsonType.TakeOutFile: flag = true; break; case JsonType.GetUsername: while (this.OperationObject.GetUsername() == null) { Thread.Sleep(1000); }


You can get information on patch and update availability from your mobile carrier or handset maker.


This level of human-interaction is rather unusual for cyber crime groups focused on mass scale operations.


These custom, proprietary programming languages and unique ecosystems can make security complex, and lead to unpatched vulnerabilities which sophisticated attackers could exploit, with serious consequences.


A component used as PowerWakeLock.


We terminated 2 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


While the banking information shared on the donation website matches the original campaign website, we confirmed that the BTC wallet address is different from the actual.


This trojan requires to be run under a user with SeTcbPrivilege.


At this point, the remote server will respond with an unencrypted file that the malware saves to the system.


The following code demonstrates how you can decrypt the malware communications using Python:  The malware then enters a loop where it will send out periodic requests to the remote server.


TAG has observed the botnet targeting victims worldwide, including the US, India, Brazil and Southeast Asia.


The data is encrypted using AES-256 in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode with a randomly generated 256-bit key and 128-bit initialization vector (IV).


Any service that uses SMS for authentication of information or proof that a user is authorizing a charge is vulnerable to Trojan attacks.


Note that Palo Alto Networks customers receive protections against such domains from the Next-Generation Firewall via Advanced URL Filtering, DNS Security and WildFire URL Analysis subscriptions.


Encrypted backdoor configuration


Also, a Magic Hound C2 server was also used as a C2 server for a tool called MPKBot that had been associated with the Rocket Kitten threat group.


In some ways, these three points state the obvious.


This is why when Google discovers these activities, we not only take steps to protect users, but also disclose that information publicly to raise awareness and help the entire ecosystem, in line with our historical commitment to openness and democratic values.


This software is designed as free partition software that can reorganize disk space for better performance.


The malicious plugin installs several files with web shells     Malware Delivery


Lacking the use of fast flux infrastructure TA505 uses fast flux, a DNS technique used to mask botnets by quickly shifting among compromised hosts, which allows cybercriminals to delay or evade detection.


Another aspect of Banking Trojan infections is that, while the criminal may be infecting hosts indiscriminately, the value of the host greatly depends on the individual who owns it, and the criminals’ ability to “cash out” their bank account.


As with most fast-spreading malware, antivirus engines will typically begin detecting the files a day or two after the spread has begun.


The decrypted FlawedAmmyy RAT slightly different from the one that TA505 reused over its past campaigns.


In just two days, the volume observed and categorized as spam by Gmail exceeded 4,500 emails.


As the report indicates, using RDP this way also allows the attackers to “fly under the radar” as RDP is commonly used by administrators and often not treated as a threat.


This information is stored in the ‘\BData\B’ registry key as previously stated.


Ghostwriter/UNC1151, a threat actor attributed to Belarus, has remained active targeting accounts of webmail and social media networks of Polish users.


As more people move to mobile banking, we believe attackers will focus their attacks away from PC banking and towards mobile banking.


Figure 5. Exploitation of Link Auto Update


While the technique has been around for decades, its resurgence as a top security risk could be due to a wider adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA) making it difficult to conduct abuse, and shifting attacker focus to social engineering tactics.


mutexpolesskayaglush*.*svchost.comexefile\shell\open\command %1 %*@ - Putting shell code in a mutex name is right on the border of brilliant and insane.


It will extract the following files (Figure 12) and execute exit.exe, where the said executable is also a launcher of i.cmd that registers winserv.exe (the actual RMS RAT) and executes it.


As of this writing attacks appear to have subsided.


Parser::inByte method


This new feature is triggered by detection of known malicious signatures across the cloud network.


Malicious document used by Tropic Trooper PDB Strings as Context Clues


Pawn Storm’s modus operandi is quite consistent over the years, with some of their technical tricks being used repeatedly.


Koadic executes the following command:  %comspec% /q /c <cmd> 1> <Output> 2>&1


We received leads from Graphika that supported us in this investigation.


The most surprising fact about this campaign is that almost all the IOCs haven’t been changed:  For those still using legacy solutions we’ve attached two lists of SHA256 hashes in a text file format for reference.


Perhaps more importantly, it’s a piece of those attacks that has escaped relative notice outside of some specialized parts of the research community.


With the public awareness of this particular decoy, it is highly likely that the Sofacy group will shift their attacks to spoof emails from a different organization to continue carrying out these attacks.


A majority of the packets we analyzed showed the webshell contents did not differ far from the webshell seen in the original proof-of-concept script, which can be seen in Figure 14.


We remain committed to updating the community as we uncover these campaigns.


To date, we’ve identified at least 1,011 domains created solely for this purpose.


Like most things in life, malware comes in many shapes and forms, from the more elegant and robust solutions, to those that come up lacking.


These threats affect all users of the tampered software, resulting in major consequences for government, critical infrastructure, and private sector software consumers.


1.      We discovered that many BIOPASS RAT loader binaries were signed with two valid certificates.


This should be especially enforced for HTTP and HTTPS protocols that cybercriminals frequently leverage for their attacks.


The purpose of the HTTP service is to act as a marker for an infected machine to avoid repeated infection, as aforementioned in the infection chain section.


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We said that if cryptocurrency values continue to remain high, we could expect to see attackers continue to focus on finding ways to carry out attacks to gain cryptocurrency, and that those attacks would continue to adapt proven attack techniques.


Unauthorized coin mining attacks happen very simply: the website the user is visiting has special code on it that performs coin mining operations on the visitor’s computer while they’re on the website.


We have not had a significant cyber event like this – something that affects just about everybody on the Internet -- since the Kaminsky DNS vulnerability of 2008.


zeverco.com 6/5/16 qualitweb.com 6/6/16 service-explorer.com 3/3/17 service-norton.com 3/6/17 service-eset.com 3/6/17 service-essential.com 3/7/17 update-symantec.com 3/12/17


We observed the attackers using an NMAP script to check for Log4shell, the Apache Log4j remote code execution (RCE, with ID CVE-2021-44228) vulnerability across the network.


Table 2 shows the top 15 IP addresses seen as the source that triggered our signature, which accounts for just over 50% of all of the activity we observed.


Unfortunately, keeping Conti out of your network often isn’t simple.


This function performs all of the aforementioned encryption steps, including the random AES key and IV generation.


In particular, we noticed a sharp increase in the number of cybersquatting domains that were registered close to Feb. 24, as shown in Figure 10 below.


The backdoor’s communication traffic


Of course, premium SMS services require that the user confirm that they want to sign up by sending incoming SMS message containing a PIN.


While document-based attacks have been a common attack vector for over a decade, we’re seeing a recent rise in their popularity and complexity.


Figure 13. Build from Metasploit and Request Permissions     We also identified a malicious version of the My First APP application that added Metasploit whose class names have been obfuscated.


A convincing Yahoo phishing email Clicking on the “Try McAfee Email Protection” button would lead to this legitimate website:


userlogin.exe is then executed (Figure 12).


Before further analyzing how the exploit elevated privileges, we needed to figure out if we were dealing with an N-day or a 0-day vulnerability.


Related C&C server (9002 RAT and PlugX variant):  66[.]42[.]37[.]101          Tags  Network | APT & Targeted Attacks | Research


Employment


Then, add more and more people to each layer with the hope that they can effectively coordinate their layers to protect, detect, respond and recover from attacks.


Additionally, keeping your systems and devices updated with the most current operating system and web browser is a general security best practice, as well as enabling multi-factor authentication to prevent an attacker from abusing credentials should they successfully capture them


We have collected many attack scripts they delivered to different targets.


Learn more about the Cyber Threat Alliance.


The screenshots below show two typical credential phishing emails that targeted specific organizations in October and November 2017.


However, the most effective way to stay safe is to use Trend Micro Security.


This vulnerability was due to the lack of proper check on the provided PropertyDescriptor in CachedIntrospectionResults() so that class.classLoader is allowed to be utilized to modify the search path of the system's class loader and cause the program to invoke remote Java code.


But some don’t, so it’s important to make sure you know how apps get their updates.


Figure 7. Relationship between five additional backdoors used by DragonOK and their C2 servers in this campaign.


While Google has already removed this application from the Play store, we’ll keep monitoring the latest Android apps to make sure WildFire is providing the best protection for our customers.


According to Synacktiv’s research, with this command, the downloaded ASPX webshell is downloaded from a remote IP address and saved to the directory, and still accessible to the attacker.


Trend Micro is in many ways an unusual member of the consortium.


ProcManage - Lists all of the processes, modules, threads, and ports in the compromised host.


Adapting the Attacks


5. Protect your Data on Smartwatches and Personal Fitness Devices: Smartwatches and personal fitness devices are similar to smartphones and tablets and have some of the same features.


Regularly change the credentials for accessing an NAS device.


Additionally, we can see that 0x9988C094 is passed to DeviceIoControl as an argument simultaneous to the ID of the current process in the iteration.


Most recently, we reported in May on five zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Chrome and Android which were used to compromise Android users.


Early Targets of Lapsus$ Evolution of Targeted Organizations Mitigation Actions Conclusion


However, despite these claims, there have been instances of affiliates undermining these guidelines by still opting to attack industry verticals such as healthcare and education.


Additionally, we encountered the ClamAV logo during one of the threat actor walkthrough videos – the same logo used on the HelloXD ransomware samples (Figure 22).


Across the changing landscape of botnet herders, Banking Trojans, ransomware and coin mining is one constant: the business-savvy drive to maximize profit and reduce risk.


Administrative Office of the President, Afghanistan  imail.aop.gov.af  Redirect to web page “Observation Of Technology Use in Afghanistan Government Sector”  2020 Jan  mail-nscaf.myftp[.]org  Afghanistan National Security Council  mail.nsc.gov.af  Redirect to https://wikipedia.org/USB_Killer  2020 Jan  mail-nepalarmymilnp.duckdns[.]org  Nepali Army  mail.nepalarmy.mil.np  Redirect to PDF “EN Digital Nepal Framework V8.4 15 July 2019.pdf”  2020 Jan  mail-mofagovnp.hopto[.]org  Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nepal  mail.mofa.gov.np  Redirect to PDF “national-security-vol-3-issue-1-essay-SSimkhada.pdf”  2020 Jan  webmail.mohe.gov-af[.]org  Ministry of Higher Education, Afghanistan  webmail.mohe.gov.af  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Feb     Ministry of Defense, Sri Lanka  mail.defence.lk  Login Error  2020 Feb  mail.moha.gov-np[.]org  Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal  mail.moha.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Feb  mail.nsc.gov-af[.]org  Afghanistan National Security Council  mail.nsc.gov.af  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Feb  mail.arg.gov-af[.]org  Presidential Palace, Afghanistan  mail.arg.gov.af  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Feb  mail.arg.gov-af[.]org  Presidential Palace, Afghanistan  mail.arg.gov.af  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Feb     Center for Education and Human Resource Development, Nepal  mail.doe.gov.np  Redirect to file “Para Basic Course Joining Instruction.docx”  2020 Mar  mail-nepalgovnp.duckdns[.]org  Government of Nepal  mail.nepal.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Mar     Nepal Electricity Authority  mail.nea.org.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Mar  mail-nepalgovnp.duckdns[.]org  Government of Nepal  mail.nepal.gov.np  Redirect to file “central data form.pdf”  2020 Mar  mail-nepalarmymilnp.duckdns[.]org  Nepali Army  mail.nepalarmy.mil.np  Redirect to file “Corona Virus Preparedness and Response.pdf”  2020 Mar  mail-nepalpolicegov.hopto[.]org  Nepal Police  mail.nepalpolice.gov.np  Redirect to file “1987 Conducting training on COVID-19 and keeping it in readiness.pdf”  2020 Apr  mail-nrborg.hopto[.]org  Nepal Rastra Bank  mail.nrb.gov.np  Redirect to file ”fiu.pdf”  2020 May  mail-nepalarmymilnp.duckdns[.]org  Nepali Army  mail.nepalarmy.mil.np  Redirect to web news “India Should Realise China Has Nothing to Do With Nepal’s Stand on Lipulekh”  2020 Jun  mail-nepalarmymilnp.duckdns[.]org  Nepali Army  mail.nepalarmy.mil.np  Showing login failed message  2020 Jul     Qatar Charity  mail.qcharity.org  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Jul     Myanma Posts and Telecommunications  webmail.mpt.net.mm  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Aug  mail-ncporgnp.hopto[.]org  Nepal Communist Party  mail.ncp.org.np  Redirect to file “India reaction after new pak map.pdf”  2020 Aug  mail-nscaf.myftp[.]org  Afghanistan National Security Council  mail.nsc.gov.af  Redirect to 10[.]77[.]17[.]10/Software/03-Applications  2020 Sep  mail-mofgovnp.hopto[.]org                               Ministry of Finance, Nepal  mail.mof.gov.np  Redirect to file “1987 Covid.pdf”  2020 Sep  mail-ncporgnp.hopto[.]org  Nepal Communist Party  mail.ncp.org.np  Redirect to document “The spectre of a new Maoist conflict in Nepal”  2020 Sep  imail.aop.gov-af[.]org  Administrative Office of the President, Afghanistan  imail.aop.gov.af  Redirect to file “SOP of Military Uniform .pdf”  2020 Oct  mail-nepalpolicegovnp.duckdns[.]org  Nepal Police  mail.nepalpolice.gov.np  Redirect to file “2077-07-03 1239 Regarding investigation and action.pdf”  2020 Oct     Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal  mail.caanepal.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Oct  mail-apfgovnp.ddns[.]net mail-apfgavnp.hopto[.]org  Armed Police Force, Nepal  mail.apf.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Oct  mail-nscaf.myftp[.]org  Afghanistan National Security Council  mail.nsc.gov.af  Redirect to file “IT Services Request Form.pdf”  2020 Nov  mail-ntcnetnp.serveftp[.]com  Nepal Telecom  webmail.ntc.net.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Nov  mail-kmgcom.ddns[.]net  Kantipur Media Group  mail.kmg.com.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Nov     Federal Parliament of Nepal  mail.parliament.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Nov     Public Procurement Monitoring Office, Nepal  mail.ppmo.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2020 Nov  mail-mfagovcn.hopto[.]org  Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China  mail.mfa.gov.cn  Redirect to file “Ambassador Yanchi Conversation with Nepali_Media.pdf”          Figure 8.


This extensive research also discusses feasible attack scenarios and recommended defense strategies.


In the 2021 Unit 42 Ransomware Threat Report, we detailed the observations and the trend of top ransomware families from January 2020-January 2021.


Targets typically had to navigate through at least one redirect before landing on a phishing domain.


Standard phishing attacks aren’t personalized: they use very common themes or lures in a generalized way in conjunction with a large enough pool of targets.


Of course, even with out-sourced application development, app owners should prefer to hold their own key.


In Appendix A, we have listed both the live and inactive C&Cs used by Cyclops Blink for the benefit of network defenders.


We do neither, but we plan to work with the consortium to enhance security-by-design in ROS-I software.


Since August 2020, they didn’t use these email addresses to only send spear-phishing emails, but also as a way to communicate with compromised systems in IMAP RATs.


Email contents vary from COVID-19 vaccine policy to the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine.


Figure 2 shows the language ID for the SLUB dropper.


We also have observed additional samples with different versions of the logo, which led us to believe the ransomware developer may like using the ClamAV branding for their ransomware.


Its targets have been movements the Chinese government consider dangerous, also known as the “Five Poisons.”


One other area that we didn't talk about that I thought was pretty interesting was around cyber mercenaries.


Encrypted PowerShell code


This has been a fun week.


We analyzed a new RATANKBA variant (BKDR_RATANKBA.ZAEL-A), discovered in June 2017, that uses a PowerShell script instead of its more traditional PE executable form—a version that other researchers also recently identified.


The samples we’ve obtained work in the conditions mentioned in this report, but the malware actors seem ready to target any other router model or brand.


Figure 1: Capture from Cyber Fraud: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures showing prices of host infections by country.


The recent patches and introduction of isolated heap and deferred free are strong signs that Microsoft plans to address the fundamentals of use-after-free exploitation in a preventative manner rather than to passively patch the vulnerabilities as they are discovered.


A few were observed displaying a fake error message requiring user click-through to continue execution.


(Que the MITRE ATT&CK plug)


On October 19, the Kafeine posted a blog discussing the inclusion of CVE-2014-0556 in the Nuclear Pack exploit kit, which was installing CryptoWall 2.0.


Trend Micro™ Email Security is a no-maintenance cloud solution that delivers continuously updated protection to stop spam, malware, spear phishing, ransomware, and advanced targeted attacks before they reach the network.  Trend Micro™ Email Inspector and InterScan™ Web Security prevent malware from ever reaching end users.


Our reporting is consistent with earlier analysis produced by CitizenLab and Meta.


Figure 12 shows the steady increase of total hits from March 31 until April 3, a fairly significant decrease on April 4, followed by an incline in activity on April 5 and 6.


Conclusion


This means that it’s critical for all Android users on versions before 8.0 to get updates for their devices.


A grand jury in California's Santa Clara County has indicted Thomas Moyer, Apple's head of global security, for bribery.


We did not capture the subsequent stages, but assess the attackers did not have exploits for the current version of Chrome (91.0.4472) at that time, but instead used n-day exploits targeting Samsung Browser, which was running an older and vulnerable version of Chromium.


There are several things that you can do to help protect against these latest Sofacy attacks and others like it.


.ISO, enabled macros for entry dropping ServHelper or FlawedAmmyy


Additionally, all encountered URLs have been flagged as malware within PAN-DB, the Advanced URL Filtering URL database.


Unlike other RaaS programs that don't require the affiliates to be super technical or savvy, LockBit 2.0 operators allegedly only work with experienced penetration testers, especially those experienced with tools like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike.


Therefore, these suggested actions can protect not just against these known attacks but others like it.


Proxy: 0


Nearly all the other algorithms used in this GitHub campaign are derived from the original PlugX algorithm:  PlugX style + shift string + Base64 PlugX style + shift string + Base64 + XOR PlugX style + Base64 + XOR  One algorithm is also built in mark strings + shift string + Base64 encoding.


While TAG has previously observed this technique being used by multiple government-backed actors, the media picked up on this blog post, publishing several stories highlighting this phishing capability.


[03:23] Let me give you a little easier to digest analogy.


Dynamically loads the APIs through the shellcode Persistence


The 9002 RAT also serves as a springboard for delivering additional malware.


They also employ standard non-application layer protocols for communication.


Fortunately, not every system is remotely exploitable simply because it’s running Bash, it also needs to be running an application which makes Bash accessible over the network.


, this flaw can be used to leverage other vulnerabilities, such as a memory corruption UAF vulnerability in the VBScript engine, to gain arbitrary code execution in the context of the Word application (winword.exe), allowing them to gain control on the system.


Tropic Trooper uses exploit-laden Microsoft Office documents to deliver malware to targets.


Over the past week, TAG identified additional compromises impacting multiple Russian defense contractors and manufacturers and a Russian logistics company.


Character “{” = 0x7B =123.


This payload is encrypted using the WinCrypt API, in the same fashion as the obfuscated loader discussed above.


Closer examination of the loader shows that it loads either a Cobalt Strike shellcode or a previously undocumented backdoor written in Python, a new type of malware that we found to be named BIOPASS RAT (remote access trojan).


You wake up on Monday morning and the domains your carefully built malware uses for command and control are shut down.


Figure 6.


Red flags such as unusual sender domains or grammatical and spelling errors are also a sign that the email is malicious in nature, or at the very least, should be approached with proper security protocols in mind.


The purpose of this is to further avoid being detected by a certain cybersecurity solution.


DarkSide releases version 2.0 of its ransomware with several updates.


Implement strong passwords.


This is the URL to which the software uploads SMS messages, and the IP address belongs to the Taomike API server used by other Taomike services.


This would allow an organization to get visibility into the entire attack lifecycle, including infiltration, lateral movement, and exfiltration.


We blocked 1.6M messages to targets, displayed ~62K Safe Browsing phishing page warnings, blocked 2.4K files, and successfully restored ~4K accounts.


Then, it will keep running on the hosts and wait for further commands from the C&C server.


Infection chains for ServHelper installation with .NET downloader


Organizations that have access to a large amount of private information are also frequent victims of the group.


The rest appear to be used for other parts of the IAP functionality in the library.


This malware family sends a DWORD, a 32-bit unsigned integer, in the HELLO packet.


9. Configure User Profiles for Voice Assistants:


For exfiltration, we saw the following tools being used:   7-Zip: a utility used for archiving files in preparation for exfiltration  Rclone and Mega client: tools used for exfiltrating files to cloud storage PuTTy: an alternative application used for network file transfer  DarkSide uses several Tor-based leak sites to host stolen data.


Figure 3, below, shows a packet crafted to display a “Cookie Length” of 32 (32 is equivalent to 0x20 in hexadecimal), which does not match the actual amount of data in the cookie (shown containing only two 0x41 characters).


The path to the VBS script is added to the task scheduler as a form of persistence.


Any user who reads this message and understands it is unlikely to agree, but Funtasy does not even wait for their agreement.


Practice good security hygiene by deleting old emails and messages to minimize the chances of an attacker gaining access to private information.


In this case, the process tomcat.exe spawned multiple reconnaissance commands such as: whoami, systeminfo, arp, ipconfig, etc.  On top of that, a Base64-encoded PowerShell command was executed and retrieved a ransomware binary.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q4 2020.


We terminated 2 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Myanmar.


MITRE ATT&CK Matrix  Tactics ID Technique Initial access T1190


It was last updated on October 16, 2020.


Stay tuned for more information about this topic in upcoming blogs.


We terminated 10 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


Essentially, this involves creating a remediation plan for effectively combating the threat and using round-the-clock intrusion detection and threat analysis to prevent attacks from entering the system.


In this latest episode, Ryan goes back to the topic he talked about in his 2018 predictions piece “The Era of Software Supply-Chain Attacks Has Begun”: Software Supply Chain attacks.


We found this type of OS language leak in prior samples attributed to APT37.


Last year, TAG discovered that a single threat actor was capitalizing on five zero-day vulnerabilities.


The file will connect to an IP and port configured from the configuration data and sends along information that includes the cpu and memory information.


The new page will show an error message with an accompanying instruction telling website visitors to download either a Flash installer or a Silverlight installer, both of which are malicious loaders.


.php .ppt


The most interesting aspect of this method is that it could bypass all existing mitigation techniques including DEP/ASLR/EMET, and it also defeats some academic methods such as Control Flow Integrity (CFI).


Once ANEL enters the user’s system, it will download various tools that could be used for malicious purposes, including password retrieval tools as well as malicious mail services and accessibility tools that will allow it to gather information about the system.


An example of a lure used in a RATANKBA attack can be seen below:  Figure 2. Malicious CHM file used as RATANKBA lure


This means that a Hancitor attack now has two downloads rather than one and what these attackers did around the malicious downloads shows another modern business tactic: globalization.


Understanding how these work and – more importantly – how to secure them can be very difficult.


Both use PowerShell scripts to download and run the samples.


Data from Google Takeout is also available upon request, but the option was only found in early builds.


public void ManageTakeOut() { string text = "PipeName";


This is precisely the type of approach attackers use with ransomware attacks on mobile devices.


Our recommendations: Additional resources: Avoid & Report Phishing Emails.


malicious URL hxxps://cloudmetric-analytics[.]com/analytics[.]js Mirrorthief malicious URL hxxps://cloudmetric-analytics[.]com/analytic[.]php?ccm_post= Mirrorthief malicious URL hxxps://g-analytics[.]com/libs/analytics[.]js Magecart Group 11 malicious URL hxxps://ebitbr[.]com/api[.]js ReactGet Group malicious URL


Capstone.js


If the length were suspicious, the detection module stops the malicious operation.


The following figure shows a sample ransom note from DarkSide.


The decrypted result is saved as “%APPDATA%\\Microsoft\Windows\Cookies.exe” (T1001)


However, a deeper investigation proved otherwise.


These buttons greeted users who clicked the Twitter short link of hxxp://miakhalifagame[.]com/


Moreover, to protect our users, we have referred the below activity to the FBI for further investigation.


Advertised uses for these accounts included registering for special accounts under software developer programs, receiving student discounts or coupons from retailers, and obtaining access to academic databases.


In fact, as detailed in security reports, DarkSide offers both the DDoS and call center options.


Cyber Crime | Expert Perspective | Cyber Threats


A certain hayat22 and love piqued our interest.


Clicking the “Enable Content” button is the key to the attack.


The Apache Foundation has urged everyone to apply the security updates as soon as possible.


Based on hardcoded strings in the Agent Version, the malicious apps were developed as early as April 2015.


It's nothing new.


In later versions it was obfuscated with Base64.


Figure 6.


Date From Address Subject 12/31/16 recruitment@alsalam.aero Job Opportunity 4/17/17 recruitment@alsalam.aero Vacancy Announcement 7/17/17 careers@ngaaksa.com Job Openning 9/11/17 jobs@ngaaksa.ga Job Opportunity 11/20/17 jobs@dyn-intl.ga Job Openning 11/28/17 jobs@dyn-intl.ga Job Openning 3/5/18 jobs@mail.dyn-corp.ga Job Openning 7/2/18 careers@sipchem.ga


Attached HTML


Operation Earth Kitsune is a continuation of those campaigns.


This is unexpected since we believe this attack is connected to the MuddyWater threat actors — and in other connected campaigns, the attackers have shown higher levels of technical skill.


All of these details point toward the threat actor having modified or copied certain elements from the UPX packer, which can be further confirmed by comparing a UPX-packed binary with a custom-packed HelloXD binary.


Thanks Ed.


Full details of Glupteba’s network protocol can be found in this report from 2020, the following Python script illustrates how one can decrypt an encrypted domain name:


Figure 7:


The emails contained links spoofing legitimate job hunting websites like Indeed and ZipRecruiter.


This new page is almost similar to the original wrapper but injected with a script element meant to load malicious script from Earth Wendigo’s server.


A new form is displayed if the information is not provided via command prompt.


Coincidentally, this happens to be one day after the Roshan_CV.ISO file was uploaded.


Since Apple still supports Catalina and pushes security updates for it, we decided to take a deeper look into this exploit.


MSIL.BLADABINDI.QBR


CTA members use this intelligence to rapidly deploy protections to their customers and to systematically disrupt malicious cyber actors.


Any initial thoughts around this?


The decrypted configuration file is:  Each parameter is delineated with a pipe | character, and one of the values is the IP seen earlier of 174.129.157[.]251 and port of 443.


Use XOR for the file saved from the second step, where ASCII code converted from its own hexadecimal volume serial number is used as the key.


As for the SSL version of SmileSvr, the capability of SSL communication is built by using wolfSSL, which is a lightweight, C-language based SSL/TLS library.


First, the core component sends the supported commands to the C&C server and then enters in a loop where it expects one of the commands.


These can protect users and businesses from threats by detecting malicious files and spammed messages as well as blocking all related malicious URLs.


If you take some time to understand these basic ideas and take these basic steps, you can ensure that you’ve got a good start on using new devices more safely and with better privacy during the holiday season.  Of course, this isn’t an exhaustive list.


Read on for more details.


This post will be updated with new findings as they are discovered.


This application has the same encryption routine as other Urpage applications.


Based on our observation, we strongly believe that there are more targeted devices from other vendors.


HYPERSCRAPE requires the victim’s account credentials to run using a valid, authenticated user session the attacker has hijacked, or credentials the attacker has already acquired.


During this part, the core component initializes the modules.


This is a classic lure technique – including something the target will find interesting or important causing them to open the file and download the malware on to the victims’ system.


1.a JS file  Trojan.JS.SIDEWINDER.A  Downloader.


Environment variables are used by shell software to store pieces of information like the location of the user’s home directory.


This should be as automated as possible and should include 3rd party threat intelligence (i.e. CERT, ISAC, ISAO feeds) History of expertise in correlating multiple threat vectors and the use of AI and Machine Learning


The reality is that cybercriminals are out for profit.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q1 2022.


from an Asus RT-AC68U router


Figure 4.


5.      “restart”: kills the process itself and restarts it via scheduled malicious tasks. SnsInfo


The Trend Micro™ Deep Discovery™ threat protection platform enables companies to detect, analyze, and respond to modern threats such as sophisticated malware, targeted attacks, and APTs.


Figure 16 shows the contents that we observed in the wild, which should not be considered a webshell as it does nothing more than display SPRING_CORE_RCE.


The threat actors would then initiate communications with additional command-and-control (C&C) infrastructure to execute obfuscated PowerShell scripts.


Phishing attacks are broad, leveraging email messages crafted around common, generalized topics in order to trick recipients into opening an email message and its attachments.


Trend Micro discovered the ChessMaster campaign back in July 2017 as part of our monitoring efforts to protect our customers.


In this case, the attack script will show an alert prompt with a message that reads “Your Flash version is too low, please install the latest version and try again!” and then redirects the victim to the fake Flash installer download website they control.


The ICMP version of SmileSvr will create an ICMP socket to connect to the specified C&C address, which is defined in a configuration file.


Figure 1. Stolen document posted on Facebook (Click to enlarge)


At first glance, it seems ChessMaster’s evolution over the past few months involves subtle changes.


Our teams at Palo Alto Networks will continue to monitor and work to protect our customers against such attacks.