Get familiar with below content: 1.	Falling into water
The main issues:
•	Boarding and disembarkation
•	Slips, trips and falls
•	Weather issues and poor Illumination
•	Poor interventions, mindsets and behaviors
•	Improper or non-use of personal flotation devices (PFDs)

2.	Boarding and Disembarkation
The main issues:
•	Lack of safe access between vessels, vessel and shore, and vessel and offshore installation.
•	Boarding or disembarking without notifying vessel staff or facility staff.
•	Gangways, ladders, and other means of access not certified and/or rigged incorrectly.
•	Poor environmental conditions and inadequate illumination.
Always pay special attention to the following: 
•	Wait until all parties have been notified and have agreed to the transfer and communication method.
•	Gangways (fixed and portable) are properly rigged and secured.
•	Inspect all transfer equipment for defects prior to use, including pilot  ladders, gangways, handrails, steps, before use.  
•	Wear the correct PPE including Personal Flotation Device (PFD).
•	Maintain 3 points of contact at all times.
•	Equipment must be removed and identified when it becomes defective.

3.	Slips, Trips and Falls
The main issues:
•	Slips, trips, and falls potentially lead to falling into the water / man-overboard (MOB) situations.
•	Unsafe boarding or disembarking the vessel.
•	Working on outboard edges or outside the railing .
•	Lack of situational awareness i.e. unidentified edges and objects, and slippery decks, walkways, handrails, and ladders or stairs.
•	Poor housekeeping.
•	Lack of correct PPE.

Always pay special attention to the following: 
•	Manage and supervise deck movements when on vessels without deck railings or when working outside the railing because people make mistakes, and a second pair of eyes always helps.
•	Maintain good housekeeping to reduce risk of slips, trips, and falls.
•	Always wear the correct PPE including personal floatation device (PFD).
•	 Working area is free of obstructions and footing is solid.
•	Guard rails are adequate and temporary guard rails are in place if required.
•	Ladder rungs and decks are properly non-skidded.

4.	Weather Issues and Poor Illumination
The main issues:
•	Unexpected changes in weather conditions.
•	Changing sea conditions insufficiently evaluated when boarding or disembarking offshore.
•	Inadequate illumination creating hazardous situations.
•	Dangerous operating environments such as:
	Freezing water temperature, ice, strong and/or high water currents and strong winds.
Always pay special attention to the following: 
•	Continuously evaluate the weather conditions to ensure that the operation remains safe.  People make mistakes so ask for a second opinion.  Set the context on your vessel that it is normal to ask, even if you are experienced.
•	Ensure that the whole area of operation is well illuminated.
•	Discuss all known hazards prior to the operation.
•	If the operation becomes too hazardous, stop the operation.  Blame fixes nothing, so support people who stop the operation, even if you wouldn’t have. How leaders respond to this matters.
•	Make sure a safe position is determined before offshore boarding, for the personnel to wait until a smooth transfer can take place, and the boat moves away from the vessel side once the personnel has transferred.

5.	Intervention, Mindset and Behaviours
The main issue:
•	Distractions.
•	Poor communication, including because of a language barrier.
•	Lack of support in speaking up.
•	Fear of negative consequences when you speak up.
•	Nervousness in the marine environment.
Always pay special attention to the following:
•	Error is normal and people will make mistakes. Don’t be afraid to completely stop the operation if you feel concerned or uneasy. 
•	Always speak up when you feel that something is wrong.
•	If you do not understand don’t be afraid to seek clarification.  That is how you learn, and that is how the people around you learn.  They may give better instructions next time because you asked this time.  Learning and improving is vital.
•	Consider signage in a language that can be understood by all.
•	How you respond to an intervention matters and a positive response encourages a good safety culture.

6.	Personal Floatation Devices (PFD)
The main issues:
•	Improper or non-use of personal flotation devices (PFDs).
•	Insufficient availability of PFDs.
•	Lack of compliance with regulatory requirements and industry guidance.
Always pay special attention to the following: 
•	Use the PFD with the best protection for the task - inspect before use.
•	Make sure you have your PFD with you when on a vessel in case the general alarm is sounded (including during an emergency or drill).  Context drives behaviour, so make it the normal way of behaving.
•	A robust inspection regime is in place for all PFDs.  For inflatable life jackets:
	Ensure indicators are all on green and there is no visible damage, air cushions are tested, all parts are verified to be in good condition.
•	PFD is suitable for the task and person’s weight, including any PPE they might be wearing.
•	PFD is the correct size and fitted and secured correctly.
•	Life buoys and MOB markers are kept immediately available for emergencies.