ответь на вопросы ссылаясь на текст 1.      What is the purpose of conducting a public relations audit, and how does systems theory contribute to this process?
2.      In what ways can hospitals categorize their customer base beyond just “patients”? Provide some examples.
3.      Who are considered producers in an organization, and why is it important to recognize this group when identifying publics?  To identify publics completely, you should go about it systematically. A useful approach comes from systems theory, the study of patterns of associations, or linkages, that define the relationships between groups of people. Look for the organization’s linkages among the groups most likely to affect the organization in some way. This process, called a public relations audit, covers four basic types of publics: customers, producers, enablers, and limiters.
 
Customers. An important grouping of publics is found in an organization’s customer base – the people who use the organization’s product or service. Consider the following organizations and their consumer publics: Hospitals have patients, merchants have shoppers, schools have students, TV stations have viewers as their “customers.” Try to identify publics as narrowly as possible. Hospital customers, for example, can include first-time patients, pediatric patients, underinsured patients, repeat patients, and so on.
 
Producers. Another important group of publics consists of producers, the people who provide the organization’s service or product. They include employees and volunteers as well as suppliers of goods, services, and financial resources. Examples of producer publics include doctors and nurses working at the hospital, clerks and managers of the merchants, teachers and taxpayers who support the schools, and reporters and production crew at TV stations. The producers of this book include its authors, editors and compositors.
 
Enablers. Other publics in some way enable your organization to operate and communicate. These enablers may be professional colleagues, formal or informal regulators such as government agencies or trade associations, and the communication media. Following are examples of enabler publics: state health agencies and medical associations that set standards for hospitals, the Chamber of Commerce and business media that affect the environment for merchants, teacher groups and the state education department that affect schools, groups such as the National Association of Broadcasters that try to create a healthy professional environment for TV stations, and the publishers, bookstores and reviewers that enable this book.
 
Limiters. Some publics are the opposite of enablers. These limiters are publics that threaten or restrict the organization’s performance. They may include formal or informal competitors and other groups that seek to impede the organization in a variety of ways, such as pressure groups, unions, public watchdog organizations, and governmental entities. For example, pharmaceutical companies may threaten hospitals with rising drug costs, changing residential patterns can hurt neighborhood stores, budget cuts could impede the educational program of a school, a threatened union walkout could hurt the TV stations, and strong competition from another book could adversely affect the continued existence of this text.