How can I make linux kernel recognize my filesystems without rebooting? I have started linux without usb and my pc will have no operating system to boot if i reboot so i am stuck here is terminal output of what I have tried

linux@linux:~$ partprob
Command 'partprob' not found, did you mean:
  command 'partprobe' from deb parted (3.6-3)
Try: sudo apt install <deb name>
linux@linux:~$ partprobe
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
linux@linux:~$ block
block-attr       blockdev         blockdev-keygen  blockdev-wipe
linux@linux:~$ blockdev
blockdev: not enough arguments
Try 'blockdev --help' for more information.
linux@linux:~$ blockdev --help

Usage:
 blockdev [-v|-q] commands devices
 blockdev --report [devices]
 blockdev -h|-V

Call block device ioctls from the command line.

Options:
 -q             quiet mode
 -v             verbose mode
     --report   print report for specified (or all) devices

 -h, --help     display this help
 -V, --version  display version

Available commands:
 --getsz                   get size in 512-byte sectors
 --setro                   set read-only
 --setrw                   set read-write
 --getro                   get read-only
 --getdiscardzeroes        get discard zeroes support status
 --getss                   get logical block (sector) size
 --getpbsz                 get physical block (sector) size
 --getiomin                get minimum I/O size
 --getioopt                get optimal I/O size
 --getalignoff             get alignment offset in bytes
 --getmaxsect              get max sectors per request
 --getbsz                  get blocksize
 --setbsz <bytes>          set blocksize on file descriptor opening the block device
 --getsize                 get 32-bit sector count (deprecated, use --getsz)
 --getsize64               get size in bytes
 --setra <sectors>         set readahead
 --getra                   get readahead
 --setfra <sectors>        set filesystem readahead
 --getfra                  get filesystem readahead
 --getdiskseq              get disk sequence number
 --flushbufs               flush buffers
 --rereadpt                reread partition table

For more details see blockdev(8).
linux@linux:~$ blockdev --rereadpt /dev/nvme0n1
blockdev: cannot open /dev/nvme0n1: Permission denied
linux@linux:~$ sudo blockdev --rereadpt /dev/nvme0n1
blockdev: ioctl error on BLKRRPART: Device or resource busy
linux@linux:~$ ud
udevadm    udisksctl  
linux@linux:~$ udevadm 
Command verb required.
linux@linux:~$ udevadm --help
udevadm [--help] [--version] [--debug] COMMAND [COMMAND OPTIONS]

Send control commands or test the device manager.

Commands:
  info          Query sysfs or the udev database
  trigger       Request events from the kernel
  settle        Wait for pending udev events
  control       Control the udev daemon
  monitor       Listen to kernel and udev events
  test          Test an event run
  test-builtin  Test a built-in command
  verify        Verify udev rules files
  wait          Wait for device or device symlink
  lock          Lock a block device

See the udevadm(8) man page for details.
linux@linux:~$ lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0         7:0    0   2.8G  0 loop 
loop1         7:1    0   2.4G  0 loop /rofs
nvme0n1     259:0    0 238.5G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0    64M  0 part 
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0 237.4G  0 part 
linux@linux:~$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs           1.2G  1.7M  1.2G   1% /run
efivarfs        128K   80K   44K  66% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
/dev/shm        3.0G  2.8G  141M  96% /cdrom
/cow            5.8G  394M  5.4G   7% /
tmpfs           5.8G  4.0K  5.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           5.8G  4.0K  5.8G   1% /tmp
tmpfs           1.2G  2.6M  1.2G   1% /run/user/1000
linux@linux:~$ systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
linux@linux:~$ systemctl restart systemd-udev*
Job failed. See "journalctl -xe" for details.
Job failed. See "journalctl -xe" for details.
linux@linux:~$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-udev*
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
linux@linux:~$ udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=block; udevadm settle
nvme0n1: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.4/0000:02:00.0/nvme/nvme0/nvme0n1/uevent': Permission denied
nvme0n1p1: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.4/0000:02:00.0/nvme/nvme0/nvme0n1/nvme0n1p1/uevent': Permission denied
nvme0n1p2: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.4/0000:02:00.0/nvme/nvme0/nvme0n1/nvme0n1p2/uevent': Permission denied
loop0: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0/uevent': Permission denied
loop1: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1/uevent': Permission denied
loop2: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2/uevent': Permission denied
loop3: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3/uevent': Permission denied
loop4: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4/uevent': Permission denied
loop5: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop5/uevent': Permission denied
loop6: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop6/uevent': Permission denied
loop7: Failed to write 'change' to '/sys/devices/virtual/block/loop7/uevent': Permission denied
linux@linux:~$ sudo bash
root@linux:/home/linux# udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=block; udevadm settle
root@linux:/home/linux# partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
root@linux:/home/linux# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.39.3).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.


Command (m for help): q

root@linux:/home/linux# lsblk -f /dev/nvme0n1
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1
                                                                            
├─nvme0n1p1
│    vfat   FAT32       604E-4BBB                                           
└─nvme0n1p2
     ext4   1.0         01323b41-ecdc-4ba2-a564-41b8267871c3                
root@linux:/home/linux# lsblk -f /dev/nvme0n1
NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1                                                                            
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat   FAT32       604E-4BBB                                           
└─nvme0n1p2 ext4   1.0         01323b41-ecdc-4ba2-a564-41b8267871c3                
root@linux:/home/linux# ex't
> ^C
root@linux:/home/linux# ^C
root@linux:/home/linux# exit
exit
linux@linux:~$ sudo kpartx -av /dev/nvme0n1
device-mapper: reload ioctl on nvme0n1p1 (252:0) failed: Device or resource busy
create/reload failed on nvme0n1p1
device-mapper: reload ioctl on nvme0n1p2 (252:0) failed: Device or resource busy
create/reload failed on nvme0n1p2
linux@linux:~$ lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL                           UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
loop0
     iso966 Jolie Linux Mint 22.1 Cinnamon 64-bit 2025-01-10-16-16-21-00                              
loop1
     squash 4.0                                                                              0   100% /rofs
nvme0n1
                                                                                                      
├─nvme0n1p1
│    vfat   FAT32                                 604E-4BBB                                           
└─nvme0n1p2
     ext4   1.0                                   01323b41-ecdc-4ba2-a564-41b8267871c3                
linux@linux:~$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs           1.2G  1.7M  1.2G   1% /run
efivarfs        128K   80K   44K  66% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
/dev/shm        3.0G  2.8G  141M  96% /cdrom
/cow            5.8G  401M  5.4G   7% /
tmpfs           5.8G  4.0K  5.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           5.8G  4.0K  5.8G   1% /tmp
tmpfs           1.2G  2.6M  1.2G   1% /run/user/1000
linux@linux:~$ sudo dmsetup ls --target stripe
No devices found
linux@linux:~$ sudo kpartx -dv /dev/nvme0n1
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe /dev/nvme0n1
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.
linux@linux:~$ sudo lsof /dev/nvme0n1
sudo lsof /dev/nvme0n1p1
sudo lsof /dev/nvme0n1p2
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
linux@linux:~$ sudo bash
root@linux:/home/linux# sudo lsof /dev/nvme0n1
sudo lsof /dev/nvme0n1p1
sudo lsof /dev/nvme^C1p2

root@linux:/home/linux# lsof /dev/nvme0n1
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
root@linux:/home/linux# lsof /dev/nvme0n1p1
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
root@linux:/home/linux# lsof /dev/nvme0n1p2
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.portal file system /run/user/1000/doc
      Output information may be incomplete.
root@linux:/home/linux# ex't
> ^C
root@linux:/home/linux# exit
exit
linux@linux:~$ sudo partprobe
Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/nvme0n1 have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot now before making further changes.