Oto transkrypcja filmu : the laptop has become the standard

Computing platform for almost anyone

who's mobile and that's mostly because

you're able to fit so much technology

into such a small place but there is a

trade-off when it comes to

troubleshooting or dealing with these

very small components inside of a laptop

computer it is built to very precise

specifications and therefore it requires

a very precise form of troubleshooting

you'll find that certain laptops are

much easier to work on than others some

have been engineered so that you can get

inside of the system and replace memory

or storage devices other laptops are

built so that it's very difficult to

gain access to the inside of that device

and even more difficult to be able to

swap out some of those components for

that reason you'll find that different

laptop manufacturers will have very

different processes for managing and

troubleshooting their particular systems

a good example of this is how different

laptop manufacturers might handle

batteries with some laptops the

batteries are very modular and can be

removed from the laptop and replaced

with a different battery very very

easily other laptops have the battery

built into the system and it's not

designed to be swapped out by the user

this may make it very difficult if you

have to swap out a battery that's in a

system that is not designed for a

modular battery replacement you'll

generally find two different types of

batteries being used in our laptops one

is a lithium ion and the other is a

lithium ion polymer both of these are

designs that they don't have the

traditional memory effect that we had

with older battery technologies this

means you can recharge the battery at

any time and not worry that you're

affecting the overall capacity of that

particular battery you'll also find that

different manufacturers use different

types of battery form factors this means

that if you need a battery for your

laptop you need to make sure that you're

getting exactly the right battery for

that specific laptop model you'll find

that if you grab a laptop battery from a

different make model that it's not going

to fit into the battery slot of your

laptop with modular batteries it's very

easy for the enduser to be able to

remove and replace the batteries inside

of that laptop usually they have a

button that you can press that will pop

out One battery and then you can slide

another battery directly into that same

slot if the battery is built into the

laptop itself this type of modularity is

not available and usually you would have

to have a tech completely take apart the

laptop just to replace the

battery if you've maintained a group of

laptops then you know one of the most

used components on that laptop is the

keyboard This commonly means that the

keyboard is probably going to be swapped

out more than any other component on

that particular device fortunately most

laptop manufacturers make this process

relatively easy you can usually remove a

bezel on the laptop or a few screws and

the laptop keyboard will pop out as a

single unit it very often is connected

to the system board of the laptop using

a ribbon cable there's usually a

connector on the end that allows you to

easily disconnect and then reconnect a

new keyboard if you do have a user that

is having problems with their laptop

keyboard or you'd like to perform some

Diagnostics of that keyboard you could

plug in an external USB keyboard to see

what the results might be this might

allow you to work around problems that

may exist in the laptop's primary

keyboard and it can also help you

troubleshoot whether the problem is with

the hardware of the keyboard itself or

with the operating system inside of the

laptop laptop keyboards are designed to

be compact so that you can fit

everything that would be on a regular

size keyboard inside of a very small

space often there will be special keys

available such as a Windows keys or a

function key that can be used

simultaneously with other keys on the

laptop to perform secondary functions

and if the laptop is wide enough you may

find there's enough room to have numeric

keypad built into the laptop itself

extending the functionality of this

portable

platform you may find that the problem

you're having is not with the entire

keyboard but only with one key or key

cap on the keyboard this means that you

may need to replace a single key on that

keyboard on desktop systems these keys

are relatively robust you can work with

them to remove a key cap and replace the

key cap relatively easily but on a

laptop these keys are often very fragile

schule and you have to take special care

to make sure that you don't damage the

keys as you are replacing them make sure

you follow the instructions from the

manufacturer so that you don't damage

anything that may be underneath that key

cap there are different components that

are used across different laptop

keyboards and as you can see it's a very

delicate device that could be very

easily damaged so make sure you follow

those instructions you'll have no

problem replacing that keyboard

component because laptops obviously have

a relatively smaller form factor than

something we would use on a desktop that

means that we also have the internal

components with a smaller form factor an

example of this would be the memory that

we use inside of our laptop which is a

smaller form factor than what you would

find on a traditional desktop

motherboard we refer to this dual inline

memory module in a laptop as a small

outline dual inline memory module or

sodm on laptops that use these sodm

modules it's very easy to moove the

module and replace it with a new one but

not all laptops provide this level of

modularity you may find that the memory

in your laptop is soldered to the

motherboard and is not in this modular

form that means that you would have to

replace the entire system board if you

need to upgrade the memory of that

system to add or replace memory inside

of one of these systems there's usually

a place where you can open up a window

into the back of the laptop remove any

memory that might be there or add

additional memory in into the slots that

are available once you push down on that

particular module it locks in place with

clips that are on the motherboard and

that memory is now upgraded inside of

that

laptop just as our desktop computers

have a place where we can store

operating system files and user

documents we have the same requirement

for our laptop computers many of our

older laptops will use a traditional

hard drive or spinning drive that has

platters to be able to store that

information on desktop computers you may

have seen 3 and 1/2 in drives being used

for storage and on laptops because they

are a smaller form factor you'll find a

smaller storage device and that is a 2

and 1/2 in hard drive but these days we

have rapidly moved away from a spinning

drive inside of a laptop computer to a

much faster and much more reliable SSD

or solid state drive a solid state drive

is simply memory and it has no moving

Parts at all this allows us to have very

fast access to this memory and also

provides additional reliability because

we don't have to worry about that

spinning Drive failing on a laptop

device on older laptops you may see the

SSD in that same 2 and 1/2 in form

factor but newer laptops tend to have an

m.2 interface which provides a much

smaller form factor on the system board

this also makes it a much easier

installation because we simply need to

plug in that m.2 interface to be able to

have access to the data and to power up

the drive itself with the older 2 and

1/2 in form factor there were two

separate connections one for data and

one for power here's a good example of

both of these storage Drive types the 2

and 1/2 in form factor is on the left

and the m.2 interface is on the right

you can see that you have a much smaller

form factor for the m.2 over the 2 and

1/2 in which makes it very attractive

for laptops and other mobile

devices on some laptops replacing the 2

and 1/2 in storage drive or an m .2

Drive can be relatively easy there may

be a cover on the back of the laptop

that you can remove you take out a

couple of screws on the drive and you're

able to remove that drive very easily

installing an m.2 Drive is often easier

because there is a single screw where

you can install and fasten down that

particular m.2 Drive here's how easy it

is to install an m.2 interface you

simply slide in the m.2 interface card

it goes into a specific slot that is on

the m.2 interface itself you push it in

so that it's able to get a good

connection with none of this copper

showing once you have it connected and

then you can push it down and screw it

into the system board so that it will

stay in

place installing or replacing a 2 and

1/2 in formfactor drive is relatively

easy there are usually a couple of

screws that you can remove this

technician is using a special pad that

allows them to save those very tiny

screws into this little area and then

once they have that they can simply pull

it out of the interface and now your

Drive is free to add another drive back

you simply reverse the process and once

you're done installing either the 2 and

1/2 in drive or the m.2 drive you can

replace the cover on the top and your

installation is

done many users with older laptops may

want to replace the spinning hard drive

that's inside of that laptop with a

solid state drive not only is this a

more reliable form of storage it also is

a much faster form of storage it's

almost like upgrading getting a brand

new laptop just by replacing a single

component you could certainly install a

brand new operating system on the SSD

and then manually transfer all of the

user documents from one device to the

other and then install any of the

applications that they need to use this

is obviously much more timec consuming

than backing up everything that's on the

original drive and copying it over to

the new SSD to be able to do that easily

we may want to use specialized software

this is usually referred to as imaging

software or cloning software because we

are creating an exact duplicate of the

data from one storage drive to the new

one many SSD manufacturers recognize

this is a very common task and they will

include imaging software with the SSD

itself you could also use thirdparty

software like the one you see here to be

able to copy everything from one drive

or one partition into a new drive or a

new Partition sometimes this requires

you to create an entire image of the

system and you store that image on a

separate storage device then you would

install your new drive and then copy

everything from that image back to the

new drive to do this even faster you may

be able to install both the old drive

and the new drive at the same time and

use that same imaging software to Simply

image from one device to the other in

real

time many laptops today don't even have

a separate wired network connection on

the laptop itself to be able have any

connectivity to the rest of the world

that laptop uses some type of wireless

connection such as 802.11 or Bluetooth

the wireless components that provide you

with this connectivity are usually on

the motherboard itself but older laptops

may have separate interface cards that

provide this Wireless connectivity for

example you may be using 802.11 for your

local area network wireless connections

inside of a building and there may be a

mini PCI or a mini PCI Express card that

provides that 802.11 functionality you

can see that these cards are designed to

be modular so you can install and

uninstall them from the laptop system

board these cards often have small

connectors on them that you plug in the

wireless antennas that are already built

into your laptop Bluetooth is often used

as a short range network communication

and you'll often see it referred to as a

pan or a personal area network Bluetooth

allows you to connect an external Mouse

an external keyboard or any other type

of peripheral

often they are provided with separate

interface cards but most newer laptops

also have this Bluetooth functionality

built into the laptop system board

itself installing these modular cards is

very similar to the process of

installing additional memory modules

onto the system board there's very often

a panel that you can remove on the back

of the laptop and there'll be a place

where you can install that particular

component once you place the card in the

laptop it usually locks down into the

laptop with connectors that are built

into the interface and in this

particular case it's an 802.11 card so

you'll need to also connect the wireless

antenna wires you can see them down here

with the gray and the black wire and

they will connect to these smaller

connectors on the interface card

itself many of these 802.11 interfaces

whether they are on the system board

itself or an external card will usually

have two separate connectors one of them

is a main connector and the other is an

auxiliary connector you might also find

a third antenna being used for all of

your Bluetooth connections these antenna

wires commonly wrap around the outside

of the display itself this allows you to

get those antenna wires as high as

possible when you open up the screen of

your laptop and if you've ever replaced

a laptop screen you'll notice that the

antenna wires are coming right out of

the bottom of that screen so that you

can then connect them to the existing

antenna connectors on your system board

if you were to follow those wires you'd

see that they would probably go behind

your keyboard to the the system board

itself where they are connecting to the

802.11 and the Bluetooth antenna

connectors many of our modern Operating

Systems Support authentication to our

laptop using methods other than a

password for example you may have the

option to use Biometrics to be able to

unlock or gain access to your laptop

computer these Biometrics allow you to

use a fingerprint or face recognition

which means that this laptop will only

be available if you've configured your

face or your fingerprint for that laptop

operating system this means that you'll

need an operating system that is able to

use these biometric features and you'll

need the biometric Hardware to be able

to take advantage of that function this

means that you may need a fingerprint

reader on the laptop itself or you may

need a webcam or camera built into the

laptop that's able to do face

recognition this type of biometric

authentication has become relatively

secure in recent years and you'll often

find that using a face ID or some other

type a fingerprint reader is a very

secure way to lock down your laptop

computer for example if you're running

the Windows operating system there are

two biometric functions available for

authentication there's Windows hello

face which is face recognition and

windows hello fingerprint which allows

you to use a fingerprint reader you may

want to look at your laptop and see if

you have one of those fingerprint

readers built into the hardware itself

so that you can use that as additional

authentication into your laptop

computer if you if you've ever paid for

something at a point of sale terminal

using your phone or your Smartwatch then

you were using a network type known as

NFC or near field communication NFC is a

very short range networking function so

usually you have to be relatively close

often 4 cm or less just to be able to

use that function and of course we can

use NFC for more than just purchases at

a point of sale terminal we can use this

on a hospital workstation so that any

nurse that walks up to the work station

is able to authenticate using their

access card or their NFC device this is

also used for warehouses manufacturing

shipping and receiving and anywhere that

you may need to easily authenticate

wirelessly if you have a laptop and

you've used it to be in a meeting then

you've probably taken advantage of the

camera that is often built into the

laptop itself it's usually right in the

center at the very top of the screen

this not only allows you to capture

video to a file but you can also use it

for real-time video on things like a

video conference call on most laptops

not only will you have the camera right

in the middle but often there is a

microphone to the left and right so that

you're able to not only show the video

but people are able to hear exactly what

you're saying these built-in cameras are

certainly convenient and allow you to

use this functionality without carrying

around any other equipment but if you

find you need additional functionality

or a higher definition camera you may

want to use an external camera and

attach it to the top of your laptop

display

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