New Oreo flavor: 'The Most Oreo Oreo' cookie debuts this month

We've enjoyed rainbow-filled Oreos, latte-flavored Oreos, white-chocolate-fudge-covered Oreos, mint-flavored Oreos and confetti-infused Oreos – even pumpkin spice Oreos.

Up next: Oreo-stuffed Oreos. The newest Oreo variant is called The Most Oreo Oreo cookies, and they have a larger dollop of creme filling – and the filling has ground Oreo cookies mixed in. The limited edition cookies are available for pre-sale on Oreo.com and begin arriving in stores starting Jan. 30.

Timed to the arrival of The Most Oreo Oreos is a new online Oreo-themed virtual reality world called the Oreoverse. You can use your Meta Quest 2 or Meta Quest Pro VR headsets to explore the Oreoverse, or use your smartphone or computers and visit oreoverse.oreo.com. Once there, you can play Oreo-themed games and enter to win a $50,000 grand prize.

Oreology:Here's how to split your Oreo cookie correctly, according to scientists

M&M's:Iconic 'spokescandies' mascots with be replaced by Maya Rudolph after backlash

Venturing into the Oreoverse for a live event Jan. 30 at 10 a.m. EST is Martha Stewart, who will be joined by her gardener and friend Ryan McCallister. Visit @OREO on Facebook or @OREO on Instagram to watch.

You can scan The Most Oreo Oreo pack to be taken to the virtual world, too.

“The Most Oreo Oreo cookie gives fans a whole new way to playfully engage with us," Julia Rosenbloom, Oreo's senior brand manager, said in a statement. "By scanning the pack, they will ‘dunk into’ the new Oreoverse world.”

Wait, Blackpink Oreos?

Another special Oreo promotion catching the attention of snack lovers, limited edition pink and black Oreos, the result of a team-up with K-pop group Blackpink. The pink cookies with black filling, sold in packages with collectible cards, are becoming available only in Southeast Asia.

They are hot commodities on eBay with packs of cookies going $50 or more and a complete set of the Blackpink photocards with cookies currently priced at $285.

When asked about potential availability in the U.S., Oreo said in a statement to USA TODAY: “Never say never. OREO is always exploring new flavors and product innovations. Stay tuned for more exciting news on how we continue to create delicious and innovative snacking experiences for our fans in the U.S.”

A timely tie-in? In late October, the group arrives in the U.S. for two dates on its Born Pink world tour (Oct. 25 & 26 in Dallas) and will remain here through mid-November.

Dig deeper: A menu of past Oreo mashups

Follow Mike Snider on Twitter: @mikesnider.

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A whole new flavor! Reese's Peanut Butter Cup flavor Oreo cookies

Derry London

WLTX-TV, Columbia, S.C.

The Nabisco company has been experimenting recently with combination flavors inside its widely popular Oreo cookies.

Fans of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups now get a special treat thanks to Nabisco's latest test: Reese's Peanut Butter Cup Oreo cookie sandwiches.

Recent new or limited-edition Oreo cookie flavors have included lemon, mint, berry, cookie dough, and chocolate cream filling. Nabisco already has a peanut butter-filled Oreo cookie on the market, but the newest addition has the distinctly flavored Reese's peanut butter and chocolate combination.

The new cookies are already available in Walmart. There is no word yet from Nabisco on when they may be rolled out to other retailers.

Follow Derry London on Twitter @Derry_London

The new Most Stuf Oreos are here, and they' are HUGE

Last fall, Mondelez, the parent company of Oreo, made an announcement that had snack lovers giddy with excitement.

Something big was coming. Bigger than Double Stuf. Bigger than Mega Stuf.

Could there be such a cookie? We could only hope.

Earlier this month, social media began to buzz that the new treat – The Most Stuf Oreo – had been spotted at Walmart, Target and RiteAid. This monster of a cookie, Oreo's thickest ever, was said to have three times as much filling as a regular Oreo.

It was a cookie lover's dream. We had to try them.

A quick Amazon search revealed a package for $10. We love cookies, but not that much. One trip to ShopRite later and we were in luck: There they were, tucked among the now-boring Golden Oreos and Oreo Thins.

"Limited edition," the package announced. "Most.Creme.Ever."

We slowly peeled back the foil top and wow, these cookies are not for the faint of heart. Each one is nearly an inch thick. The package contains just 18 cookies; they are too stuffed with filling to fit any more. (For comparison, a regular pack of Oreos contains around 40 cookies.)

More:Have you tried the new Dark Chocolate Oreo?

And if you are counting calories, good luck! One Most Stuf Oreo has 110 calories, compared to 45 in a regular Oreo, 70 in a Double Stuf and 90 in a Mega Stuf. But with all that filling, you will probably need just one.

How does it taste? Like an Oreo on steroids, which is not a bad thing. The sheer amount of filling makes them hard to bite, but everyone knows Oreos are meant to be eaten with the top twisted off, anyway.

If you are the kind of person who eats Oreos for the filling, this cookie is for you.

Oreo has a history of putting whacky flavors inside its cookies: fruit punch, banana split, pumpkin spice and candy corn are recent varieties. Last year, hot chicken wing and wasabi-flavored cookies were released in China.

More:Super Bowl 2019: 12 Shore spots for great takeout

Along with the new cookies, Oreo is launching a promotion called The Stuf Inside. As reported by delish.com, beginning Feb. 4, cookie lovers can scan their cookie at www.stufinside.com for the chance to win "an OREO-tricked-out Jeep Wrangler, an OREO iRobot Roomba Robot Vacuum, an OREO K2 Snowboard, OREO X Grado headphones, an OREO print by Gray Malin and an OREO cookie Jar by Jonathan Adler."

For more information, visit www.oreo.com.

Do you love learning about new restaurants at the Jersey Shore? Join the Jersey Shore Eats group on Facebook and follow on Instagram, and share tips and your favorite places with food writer Sarah Griesemer at sgriesemer@gannettnj.com.

Oreo and Ritz giving away free cookie-cracker snack

Move over Burger King chicken fries. Step aside, Combos Baked Snacks Vanilla Frosting Pretzel (Yes, that used to be a real thing). Meet "Oreo x Ritz."

This week, Oreo and Ritz announced the latest eye-catching snack combination – pairing up the classic chocolate and cream cookie with the salty cracker for a limited time treat. Inside the newcomer cookie and cracker sandwich? Oreo cream filling smooshed along with peanut butter.

Intrigued? Mondelēz International, the Chicago-based company that owns the two brands, is giving out the treats for free online starting Thursday at noon ET. FYI: Snackers will pay a $3.95 shipping fee.

According to Oreo's website, all 1,000 packs were claimed and the snack was sold out as of May 30.

"RITZ and OREO are always looking for ways to surprise fans with unique, can’t-stop-talking-about product innovations," Mondelēz International spokeswoman Anna Whitelaw told USA TODAY Wednesday. "We saw some chatter on social and thought, why not? Sounds delicious! After a few tries – 12 to be exact – we found the perfect combination."

Some people are on board with the crookie launch, "because the combination of the saltiness of the Ritz with the sweetness of the Oreo sounds like a great combo," Twitter user @JWillsNH tweeted.

Others, not so much. "Oreos and Ritz crackers had a baby... I don't know if I like this, Twitter user @heatherhunterdc posted.

Natalie Neysa Alund covers trending news for USA TODAY. Reach her at nalund@usatoday.com and follow her on Twitter @nataliealund.

Do you split your Oreo? Researchers at MIT explain how to make ...

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CNN —

Oreology: The study of the creme-filled cookie sandwich.

Haven’t heard of it? Well, you’ve probably studied it – experimenting with dunking, twisting and separating to find the best Oreo eating experience.

Whether you prefer the filling intact on one half of the cookie or spread evenly when you open it up, researchers have asked the long-plaguing question: How do you make sure you get the Oreo just the way you want it every time?

“When I was little, I tried twisting wafers to split the cream evenly between wafers so there’s some on both halves – which in my opinion tastes much better than having one wafer with a lot of creme and one with almost none. This was hard to do when I was trying it by hand,” said Crystal Owens, lead author of a study published Tuesday in the journal American Institute of Physics and a researcher in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

So, she bumped it up a notch. Researchers devised an Oreometer, a device designed to split the cookie with a scientifically precise amount of torque (a measure of force used to rotate an object).

The hope was that with the perfect twist, researchers could manipulate the cookie’s filling to distribute evenly between the two wafer cookies. Alas, they could not.

“We learned, sadly, that even if you twist an Oreo perfectly, the cream will almost always end up mostly on one of the two wafers, with a delamination of the cream, and there’s no easy way to get it to split between wafers,” Owens said. For those of us who are not Oreo scientists, delamination is when something splits apart into layers.

If you do manage to separate the cookie evenly, it likely wasn’t the result of your delicate, precise work, according to the study. That has more to do with the level of adhesion between the creme and cookie, which is altered by some factor before it gets to your hands.

What that could be is a question for a later study.

“We didn’t even begin to answer all of the questions someone could ask about Oreos or cookies, which is why we made our Oreometer, so anyone with access to a 3D printer can make other measurements,” Owens said.

Serious science for a silly question

Randy Ewoldt, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, was reviewing the study one night when his 11-year-old son peeked over his shoulder.

He knows his dad works in rheology, a branch of physics that studies the flow of matter between liquids and solids, but like most kids, his dad’s work doesn’t hold his interest for too long. Until he saw the word Oreo on the paper, that is.

“When we talk about the physics of complicated materials, and there are many, the Oreo cookie creme is one that is accessible to many people immediately,” Ewoldt said. “To bring people into a much more complicated world, this may serve as an entry way for that.”

The study is in Owen’s mind every time she has an Oreo, and now she hopes it will get people outside of the field curious as well.

“I hope people can use this information to improve their cookie eating when they twist open an Oreo, or when they dunk it in milk,” Owens said. “I hope people can also take inspiration to investigate other puzzles in the kitchen in scientific ways.

“The best scientific research, even at MIT, is driven by curiosity to understand the world around us, when someone sees something weird or unknown and takes the time to think ‘I wonder why that happens like that?’”

The Oreo twist: MIT study reveals how to perfectly open cookie

Oreology: It's the science behind the "twist, lick, dunk."

A group of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology dug deep into the science by devising an Oreometer, a device designed to split the iconic Oreo cookie with a specific amount of force. The goal was to create a perfect split every single time: one side a clean cookie, the other side with all the filling.

Their peer-reviewed study was published Tuesday in the journal American Institute of Physics.

Study author Crystal Owens, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering, told USA TODAY she got the inspiration for the study from using a rheometer, which measures liquid and substances' responses to force. The laboratory instrument measures the affects on a fluid by moving one of two discs it is sandwiched between.

"One day, just doing experiments, and, all of a sudden we realized that this machine would be perfect for opening Oreos because it already has … the fluid in the center, and then these two discs are like the same geometry as an Oreo," she said.

The scientists, unfortunately, were not able to decipher how to manipulate the perfect split Oreo split with equal cream on each side of the cookie.

But there is good news for people who want all the cream to wind up on one side. There's just one stipulation, the researchers found: The Oreo needs to be from a freshly opened pack and separated with a twisting motion, Owens said.

New Oreo flavor:Chocolate Confetti Cake Cookie to be released for brand's 110th birthday

Oreo wine? Barefoot teams up with cookie brand for red wine with hints of chocolate

The scientists concluded the main factor was not the twisting of the cookie but rather the "adhesiveness" of the creme filling. The filling can be affected by a number of factors, including the way it's stored, packaged, manufactured and shipped, according to the study.

Marketing for Oreos has often challenged cookie lovers to try twisting the cookies open so that the creme filling is evenly distributed on both wafers. "Many have tried to figure out that very question – rest assured, there isn’t a secret that we’ve been hiding – but none have gone to such playful lengths as Crystal Owens and her team of researchers," Justin Parnell, Oreo's vice president of marketing and strategy, said in a statement to USA TODAY. "We want to extend a huge congratulations to these brilliant minds and applaud their dedication to our cookie twisting ritual.”

Krispy Kreme announces new Chocolate Glaze Collection and ...

Come Monday, it'll be harder to keep some New Year's resolutions.

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts announced Friday that it is releasing a new Chocolate Glaze Collection on Jan. 14, featuring four new doughnuts along with a sweet deal for new members of its loyalty program.

But the North Carolina-based company also has a suggestion for dieters: "Don’t Quit, Cheat Sweet."

“If you’re taking a brief break from your diet or exercise routine, you may as well make it worth it,” said Dave Skena, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts chief marketing officer in a statement. “This is worth it.”

The doughnuts in the Chocolate Glaze Collection are classic flavors including cake batter and raspberry filled.

Krispy Kreme has an extra treat for anyone who joins Krispy Kreme Rewards by downloading the mobile app or online starting Monday through Jan. 27.

For joining, get a free dozen Original Glazed Doughnuts with the purchase of any dozen at regular price at participating locations nationwide.

More:January specials: Your monthly guide to freebies and meal deals

More:Starbucks releases new drink, the Cinnamon Shortbread Latte, for winter

More:Be on the lookout! New Dark Chocolate Oreo cookies hitting store shelves

The new doughnuts

Krispy Kreme's new doughnut collection available Jan. 14 and for a limited time include:

Chocolate Glazed Cake Batter Doughnut: A spin on its Cake Batter Doughnut, this doughnut features a chocolate doughnut filled with cake batter, glazed in chocolate, dipped in chocolate icing and topped with sprinkles.

Chocolate Glazed Raspberry Filled Doughnut: This chocolate doughnut covered with chocolate glaze, filled with raspberry and topped with a decorative red icing swirl.

Double Chocolate Glazed Kreme Filled Doughnut: This doughnut features a chocolate doughnut covered in chocolate glaze, filled with Krispy Kreme’s classic white Kreme and decorated with white icing.

Chocolate Glazed Oreo Cookies & Kreme Doughnut: A chocolate doughnut glazed in chocolate, filled with cookies and creme filling, dipped in chocolate icing and topped with Oreo cookie pieces and chocolate icing.

Kelly Tyko is a consumer columnist and retail reporter for Treasure Coast Newspapers and TCPalm.com, part of the USA TODAY NETWORK. Read her Bargainista tips at TCPalm.com/Bargainista, follow her on Twitter @KellyTyko and email her at kelly.tyko@tcpalm.com.

Mic drop: Oreo just released a candy bar

Mary Bowerman

USA TODAY Network

Cookie lovers rejoice!

The maker of Oreo cookies is making waves in the candy aisle with the release of a new Milka Oreo Big Crunch candy bar.

That's right, an Oreo candy bar. The new candy is a combination of Oreo cookie pieces and vanilla cream filling encased in Milka European chocolate candy.

The bars were released in time for holiday shoppers, and will be a permanent offering, according to a statement from Mondelez International, the maker of Oreo and Milka.

The company decided to pair Oreo and Milka chocolate to “diversify the Oreo product portfolio,” Samantha Greenwood, Senior Category Director, Chocolate-North America, said in a statement.

“The combination of these two global powerhouse brands has led to a product line that is unique and truly differentiated in the U.S. chocolate candy category,” she said.

The bars, which have been available overseas, will hit shelves at Wal-Mart, Kroger, ShopRite and Albertsons, this week, and will roll-out nationally in January 2017.

It's up to you whether you want to dip them in milk.

Follow @MaryBowerman on Twitter.

Oreo is celebrating its 110th birthday with a first-ever flavor | CNN ...

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Half Moon Bay shooting, Oscars and Monterey Park: The Short List

Authorities said evidence suggests the second mass shooting in California since Saturday was an "instance of workplace violence." Classified documents were found in former Vice President Mike Pence's home in Indiana. And this year's Oscar nominations have been announced.

👋 Hello, it's Julius with Tuesday's news.

But first: A space cloud with the coldest ice to date. 🌌 The James Webb Space Telescope explored the Chamaeleon I dark molecular cloud that could provide key insights into the “building blocks of life.”

The Short List is a snappy USA TODAY news roundup. Subscribe to the newsletter here.

Another mass shooting in California leaves at least 7 people dead

Seven people were dead and a suspect was in custody Tuesday after two shootings at plant nurseries near the Northern California community of Half Moon Bay, just days after a rampage in Southern California killed 11. The San Mateo County Sheriff’s Office said four victims were found dead at the first shooting scene and a fifth person was transported to the Stanford Medical Center with life-threatening injuries. Three victims were found at the second scene a short time later. The suspect was employed at Mountain Mushroom Farm, the location of the first shooting, and all evidence points to the attack being an "instance of workplace violence," Sheriff Christina Corpus said Tuesday. Follow the latest updates on Half Moon Bay.

More classified docs found – this time at Pence's house

Classified documents were found at Mike Pence's home, representatives for the former vice president wrote to the National Archives in letters this month. This is the latest in a series of discoveries involving classified documents at the homes of current and former elected officials. Pence’s lawyer characterized the documents as “a small number of documents bearing classified markings that were inadvertently transported to the personal home of the former vice president at the end of the last administration." The Department of Justice “requested direct possession” of the documents on Jan. 19, and FBI agents went to Pence’s home that night to collect the documents from a safe, according to letters from Pence’s lawyer. Read more about the latest document discovery.

What everyone's talking about

The Short List is free, but several stories we link to are subscriber-only. Consider supporting our journalism and become a USA TODAY digital subscriber today.

Doomsday Clock signals world is closest it's been to human-caused catastrophe

The world is closer to annihilation than it has ever been since the first nuclear bombs were released at the close of World War II, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists said Tuesday. The time on the Doomsday Clock moved forward from 100 seconds to midnight to 90 seconds to midnight. Between Russia's nuclear brinkmanship in its war on Ukraine, the real threats of climate change becoming increasingly dire and ongoing concerns about more possible pandemics caused by humans encroaching on formerly wild areas, the Bulletin chose to set the clock to the closest midnight yet. Learn more about the Doomsday Clock.

'Nuclear nightmare' ticks closer:Why any use of nuclear weapons would be a disaster

All 11 Monterey Park shooting victims identified

After notifying relatives, authorities on Tuesday released the complete list of the 11 people killed in the Monterey Park, California, mass shooting. The victims ranged in age from 57 to 76. The six women who perished were: My Nhan, 65; Lilian Li, 63; Xiujuan Yu, 57; Muoi Ung, 67; Hong Jian, 62; and Diana Tom, 70. The five men who died were: Yu-Lun Kao, 72; Chia Yau, 76; Valentino Alvero, 68; Wen-Tau Yu, 64; and Ming Ma, 72. Authorities said the gunman fired 42 shots at the Star Ballroom Dance Studio. In addition to those killed, nine were wounded. Read more.

In Monterey Park shooting, ballrooms became the scene of sudden horror, stunning heroism.

of sudden horror, stunning heroism. Monterey Park's safe haven for Asian communities is shattered by mass shooting.

Real quick

Oscar nominations are here 📽

"Everything Everywhere All at Once" ruled Tuesday when nominations for the 95th Academy Awards were announced, scoring 11 honors including best picture and screenplay. Star Michelle Yeoh was nominated for best actress, Jamie Lee Curtis and Stephanie Hsu earned their first Oscar nominations and Ke Huy Quan garnered a nod for supporting actor. Not far behind "Everything Everywhere" were Martin McDonagh's "The Banshees of Inisherin" and Edward Berger's "All Quiet on the Western Front" with nine nominations each. Cate Blanchett ("Tár") also made the cut for another standout performance, along with comeback kings Quan and Brendan Fraser ("The Whale"). See all of this year's nominees.

A break from the news


Elon Musk says he would reverse Twitter's Trump ban | CNN Business

New York CNN Business —

Elon Musk said Tuesday that he would restore former President Donald Trump’s banned account on Twitter if his deal to acquire the company is completed.

Musk’s remarks at Financial Times’ Future of the Car conference mark his first public acknowledgment of what had been widely expected since the billionaire announced plans to buy the social media giant for $44 billion.

Musk has previously said he thinks Twitter should be more “reluctant to delete things” and “very cautious with permanent bans.” On Tuesday, he called Twitter’s decision to ban Trump in January 2021 a “mistake.”

“I do think it was not correct to ban Donald Trump, I think that was a mistake,” Musk said. “I would reverse the perma-ban. … But my opinion, and Jack Dorsey, I want to be clear, shares this opinion, is that we should not have perma-bans.”

Dorsey, Twitter’s cofounder and former CEO, tweeted Tuesday following Musk’s remarks that he does “agree” there shouldn’t be permanent bans on Twitter users. “There are exceptions … but generally permanent bans are a failure of ours and don’t work,” he said.

Twitter declined to comment on Musk’s remarks.

Trump was permanently suspended from Twitter following the January 6 Capitol Riot for violating the platform’s rules against violence incitement, a decision the company has said was headed by Dorsey. Other social platforms followed in banning or suspending Trump’s account.

Trump, for his part, has said he would not return to Twitter even if his account were restored, instead promoting his own social media venture, Truth Social, which has so far appeared to struggle to get off the ground.

“Banning Trump from Twitter didn’t end Trump’s voice, it will amplify it among the right and this is why it’s morally wrong and flat out stupid,” Musk said at the event on Tuesday.

The Tesla and SpaceX CEO acknowledged that his acquisition of Twitter, and Trump’s return, are not yet a done deal. “I will say that I don’t own Twitter yet, so this is not a thing that will definitely happen, because what if I don’t own Twitter?” he said.

There remain some questions about whether Musk will indeed go through with the deal, or whether the decline in Tesla (TSLA) shares over the past month could negatively impact his ability to finance the deal. Twitter (TWTR) stock was trading around $47.70 on Tuesday afternoon, well below Musk’s offer price of $54.20 per share, suggesting some investor skepticism about the likelihood that the deal gets completed.

That hasn’t stopped Musk from continuing to expound on his plans for the platform in recent weeks. Musk has said his goal is to bolster free speech on the platform and to make it clearer to users when the platform takes actions that impact what people see on Twitter.

On Tuesday, he reiterated his desire to rid Twitter of bots promoting spam or scams, and his plan to make Twitter’s algorithm publicly available for anyone to view and comment on.

“I would literally put the Twitter algorithm on GitHub and say like, ‘Hey, anyone want to suggest changes to this? Please go ahead,’” Musk said, adding that he sees such a move as a way to “build transparency and trust.”

He also criticized what he views as Twitter’s political bias, echoing claims from some prominent figures on the right.

“I think Twitter needs to be much more evenhanded. It currently has a strong left bias because it’s based in San Francisco,” he said. “I don’t think the people there necessarily intend, or at least some of them don’t intend, to have a left bias. They just, from their perspective, it seems moderate, but they’re just coming after it from an environment that is very far left.”

(Twitter has previously said its algorithms and employees do not discriminate against any particular political point of view.)

In addition to reversing the Trump ban, Musk said he would make permanent bans “extremely rare,” reserving them for “bots or spam, scam accounts where there’s just no legitimacy to the account at all.”

Video Ad Feedback Does kicking bad actors off social media platforms work? 04:29 - Source: CNN Business

Musk also expanded on his vision for Twitter’s content moderation. Previously, Musk has said he intends for Twitter to limit its content moderation to that which governments have deemed explicitly illegal — and not to go much further.

But on Tuesday, Musk conceded that there could be a wide range of objectionable content that he would want Twitter to enforce against. In addition to illegal content, Musk identified two other categories of content that could be subject to penalties: speech that is “destructive to the world” and “wrong and bad.”

“If they say something that is illegal or otherwise just destructive to the world, then there should be perhaps a timeout, a temporary suspension, or that particular tweet should be made invisible or have very limited traction,” Musk said. He added: “I think if there are tweets that are wrong and bad, those should be either deleted or made invisible, and a suspension, a temporary suspension is appropriate but not a permanent ban.”

Musk didn’t say what metrics Twitter might use to determine if a tweet may be “wrong and bad” or “destructive to the world,” and when it might opt for one type of penalty over another.

Brian Fung Clare Duffy
Brian Fung
Clare Duffy

Elon Musk restores Donald Trump's Twitter account | CNN Business

CNN —

Former US President Donald Trump’s Twitter account has been reinstated on the platform.

The account, which Twitter banned following the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol, was restored after Twitter CEO and new owner Elon Musk posted a poll on Twitter on Friday night asking the platform’s users if Trump should be reinstated.

“The people have spoken. Trump will be reinstated,” Musk tweeted Saturday night. “Vox Populi, Vox Dei,” Latin for “the voice of the people is the voice of God.”

The final poll results on Saturday night showed 51.8% in favor and 48.2% opposed. The poll included 15 million votes.

The much-anticipated decision from the new owner sets the stage for the former president’s return to the social media platform, where he was previously its most influential, if controversial, user. With almost 90 million followers, his tweets often moved the markets, set the news cycle and drove the agenda in Washington.

Trump has previously said he would remain on his platform, Truth Social, instead of rejoining Twitter, but a change in his approach could hold major political implications. The former president announced this month that he will seek the Republican presidential nomination in 2024, aiming to become only the second commander in chief ever elected to two nonconsecutive terms.

Asked on Saturday what he thought of Musk purchasing Twitter and his own future on the platform, Trump praised Musk but questioned whether the site would survive its current crises.

Video Ad Feedback Hear what Trump said about possibly returning to Twitter 02:10 - Source: CNN

“They have a lot of problems,” Trump said in Las Vegas at the Republican Jewish Coalition meeting. “You see what’s going on. It may make it, it may not make it.”

Still, Trump said he liked Musk and “liked that he bought (Twitter.)”

“He’s a character and I tend to like characters,” the former president said of Musk. “But he’s smart.”

Throughout Trump’s White House tenure, Twitter was central to his presidency, a fact that also benefited the company in the form of countless hours of user engagement. Twitter often took a light-touch approach to moderating his account, arguing at times that as a public official, the then-president must be given wide latitude to speak.

But as Trump neared the end of his term – and increasingly tweeted misinformation alleging election fraud – the balance shifted. The company began applying warning labels to his tweets in an attempt to correct his misleading claims ahead of the 2020 presidential election. And following the US Capitol riot on January 6, 2021, the platform banned him indefinitely.

“After close review of recent Tweets from the @realDonaldTrump account and the context around them we have permanently suspended the account due to the risk of further incitement of violence,” Twitter said at the time. “In the context of horrific events this week, we made it clear on Wednesday that additional violations of the Twitter Rules would potentially result in this very course of action.”

The decision followed two tweets by Trump that, according to Twitter, violated the company’s policy against glorification of violence. The tweets, Twitter said at the time, “must be read in the context of broader events in the country and the ways in which the President’s statements can be mobilized by different audiences, including to incite violence, as well as in the context of the pattern of behavior from this account in recent weeks.”

The first tweet – a statement about Trump’s supporters, who he called “75,000,000 great American Patriots who voted for me” – suggested that “he plans to continue to support, empower, and shield those who believe he won the election,” Twitter had said.

Video Ad Feedback Trump's dilemma: Truth Social or Twitter? 05:11 - Source: CNN

The second, which indicated he did not plan to attend Joe Biden’s inauguration, could be viewed as a further statement that the election was not legitimate and could be interpreted as Trump saying that the inauguration would be a “safe” target for violence because he would not be attending, according to Twitter.

Following Musk’s decision, Republican Rep. Liz Cheney of Wyoming suggested on Twitter that “it’s a good time to watch” a public hearing held earlier this year by the House select committee investigating the Capitol attack.

“It covers each of Trump’s tweets that day, including those that have been deleted, and features multiple Trump (White House) staff describing his inexcusable conduct during the violence,” Cheney, a notable Trump critic who serves on the select committee, tweeted Saturday.

Soon after Trump’s Twitter ban, he was also restricted from Meta’s Facebook and Instagram, which could also restore his accounts as soon as January 2023.

On November 18, Musk tweeted that he had reinstated several controversial accounts on the platform, but that a “Trump decision has not yet been made.”

“New Twitter policy is freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach,” he said at the time. “Negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter. You won’t find the tweet unless you specifically seek it out, which is no different from rest of Internet.”

Musk had previously said he disagreed with Twitter’s permanent ban policy and could also return other accounts that had been removed from the platform for repeated rules violations.

“I do think it was not correct to ban Donald Trump; I think that was a mistake,” Musk said at a conference in May, pledging to reverse the ban were he to become the company’s owner.

Jack Dorsey, who was the CEO of Twitter when the company banned Trump but has since left, responded to Musk’s comments saying he agreed that there should not be permanent bans. Banning the former president, he said, was a “business decision” and it “shouldn’t have been.”

The Trump decision is the latest in a series of major changes Musk has made at Twitter, including pushing out its top leadership and a significant portion of its staff.

Musk also launched an updated subscription service allowing users to pay to receive verification checkmarks, an indicator previously reserved for authenticated public figures, which was quickly abused and used to impersonate prominent people, businesses and government agencies. Twitter paused the service and plans to reinstate it later this month.

And on Friday, he said he would restore the accounts of three controversial, previously banned or suspended users: Canadian podcaster Jordan Peterson, right-leaning satire website Babylon Bee and comedian Kathy Griffin.

The chaos has scared off many of Twitter’s major advertisers, who are wary of having their ads run alongside potentially objectionable content, threatening the company’s core business model. Macy’s, Volkswagen Group, General Mills and other large brands have all paused advertising, causing what Musk called earlier this month “a massive drop in revenue.” And restoring Trump to the platform is unlikely to help.

NAACP President Derrick Johnson called on advertisers still funding Twitter to immediately stop all ad buys.

Video Ad Feedback Will Twitter advertiser dollars affect Musk's promise to Trump? 02:05 - Source: CNN

“In Elon Musk’s Twittersphere, you can incite an insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, which led to the deaths of multiple people, and still be allowed to spew hate speech and violent conspiracies on his platform,” Johnson said in a statement. “If Elon Musk continues to run Twitter like this, using garbage polls that do not represent the American people and the needs of our democracy, God help us all.”

In an apparent effort to reassure advertisers and users, Musk previously said he would implement a “content moderation council” to help set policies, and that no major content moderation decisions would be made before it was in place. There is no indication that such a group was involved in the move to restore Trump nor the other users who were returned to the platform on Friday.

In an op-ed published in the New York Times Friday, Twitter’s former head of trust and safety Yoel Roth, who left the company last week, said that despite the billionaire’s promises to involve others in key decisions, “Mr. Musk has made clear that at the end of the day, he’ll be the one calling the shots.”

Any surge in traffic on Twitter due to Trump’s reinstatement could also put a technical strain on the platform that would coincide with the World Cup, which is typically one of the biggest audience events on the site.

“Twitter servers being out [put] through quite the stress test by @elonmusk right now,” Sriram Krishnan, an investor who is assisting as part of Musk’s Twitter leadership team, tweeted Saturday night.

Mass worker exits at the company had prompted users, as well as some employees, to question whether the platform could face outages or other issues. Already, Twitter has experienced some glitches in recent days, including with its feature that allows users to download their data from the site.

Clare Duffy Paul Leblanc
Clare Duffy
Paul Leblanc

Donald Trump's Twitter account reinstated after Elon Musk removes ...

After a nearly two-year absence, former President Donald Trump is able to reclaim his Twitter account – though it's unclear whether he'll be back.

Elon Musk, the social media company's new owner, announced Saturday evening that Trump's Twitter account would be reinstated. Minutes later, the former president's profile was unbanned and his blue check mark was restored.

The news comes days after Trump announced his presidential bid for 2024. He was banned from Twitter for inciting violence during the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.

The decision marks both the highest profile and most controversial figure Musk has welcomed back to the social media platform since his turbulent $44 billion takeover of the company last month, which has been marked by severe cuts to both its workforce and revenue as many companies stopped advertising.

"The people have spoken," Musk said on Twitter Saturday evening. "Trump will be reinstated."

BEFORE THE DECISION:Will he or won't he? Elon Musk says he hasn't decided if Twitter will reinstate Trump

MASS RESIGNATIONS:Employees resign from Twitter after Elon Musk's deadline to recommit and walks back remote-work policy

Trump, who announced Tuesday that he was running for president again, has said he would not return to Twitter even if invited. But the former president has not gotten the same resonance from his Truth Social app, which has a much more limited reach.

On Truth Social, Trump has 4.57 million followers, a fraction of the more than 88 million he had on Twitter.

Before lifting the ban, Musk on Friday created an informal poll on his personal Twitter account asking users if he should "reinstate former President Trump." More than 15 million users weighed in, though it was unclear how many of the poll participants were verified users or bots.

After the poll, Musk announced Trump's Twitter account would be restored.

"Vox Populi, Vox Dei," Musk said, a Latin phrase meaning, the voice of the people is the voice of God.

Trump's follower count fluctuated wildly Saturday night. Musk said Twitter engineers were working to restore all of Trump's followers.

Trump on Saturday issued a statement about the poll and the possibility of being reinstated.

"Vote now with positivity, but don’t worry, we aren’t going anywhere," Trump said. "Truth Social is special!"

He elaborated in a virtual appearance at the Republican Jewish Coalition's leadership meeting, saying that, while he's "always liked" Musk and was happy that he purchased Twitter, he doesn't "see any reason" to go back to the platform.

"They have a lot of problems at Twitter," Trump said. "You see what's going on. It may make it, it may not make it, but the problems are incredible."

The de-platforming of Trump and other figures on the political right sparked outrage among conservatives who accuse Facebook and other major social media platforms of censorship and liberal biases.

Since Musk took over the company last month, he has reinstated other prominent figures and companies, including right-wing Canadian podcaster Jordan Peterson, the far-right satire website The Babylon Bee and comedian Kathy Griffin, who was suspended after impersonating Musk on Twitter.

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Are conservatives censored on Twitter?:Trump, Republicans bet claims they do will rally GOP base in 2022

But while his purchase of the widely used social media app was celebrated by Republicans and the far-right, Musk resisted calls to immediately reinstate Trump.

"He should never have been banned," Jake Denton, a research associate in the Tech Policy Center at The Heritage Foundation, told USA TODAY. “Trump returning objectively shifts Twitter toward a new path. He’s the ideal guy to rein in the new Elon Musk Twitter. He is the vehicle by which Elon can signal that he is serious about restructuring Twitter.”

Trump's return carries risks for Twitter and for democracy, Brian Ott, a communications professor at Missouri State University, told USA TODAY.

Trump has continued to falsely claim the 2020 election was stolen.

"It provided him a public forum to widely disseminate his lies, disinformation and hatred," Ott said. "His return to these platforms would surely raise the temperature of our politics and significantly increase the likelihood of political violence."

Trump lost his direct link to supporters when he was booted from the nation's top social media platforms – Facebook, Twitter and Google’s YouTube – after the Capitol siege.

Trump, who frequently spread misinformation online, being allowed to rejoin Twitter comes at a vulnerable moment for the company and potentially American politics.

TRUMP'S MISINFORMATION SPREAD:From COVID-19 to voting: Trump is nation's single largest spreader of disinformation, studies say

AFTER THE ELECTION:Donald Trump lost the 2020 election, but misinformation will continue to win

Musk has already laid off thousands of employees and recently cut content moderation contractors who help halt the spread of hate speech and misinformation.

More employees appeared to resign this week after Musk told staff they “will need to be extremely hard core” to build “a breakthrough Twitter 2.0,” and working long hours in a high-intensity environment would be part of that push.

On Friday, Musk tweeted that Twitter’s new policy is “freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach.”

“Negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter,” he tweeted. “You won’t find the tweet unless you specifically seek it out, which is no different from rest of Internet.”

Of the platforms, Twitter was Trump’s favorite and it could provide a pivotal bullhorn during his 2024 run to regain the White House.

Especially at a time when Twitter is struggling to keep its most active users engaged, Musk has a strong financial motive to bring back Trump, who is just the kind of mega-personality who drives engagement on the platform.

Facebook, meanwhile, will decide in January whether to lift Trump’s suspension.

As for YouTube, CEO Susan Wojcicki said last year that the platform would lift the Trump ban “when we determine the risk of violence has decreased.” YouTube declined to comment.

Even before Trump's reinstatement, Musk and Twitter had gotten the attention of several Democratic senators including Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., who on Thursday asked the Federal Trade Commission to investigate potential violation of consumer protection laws.

Under a 2011 consent order with the FTC, Twitter is barred from misleading consumers about the privacy and security of confidential user data.

"We are concerned that the actions taken by Mr. Musk and others in Twitter management could already represent a violation of the FTC’s consent decree, which prohibits misrepresentation and requires that Twitter maintain a comprehensive information security program," the senators said in a letter to FTC chairperson Lina Khan.

Contributing: Christal Hayes and Marina Pitofsky

Trump on Twitter? Elon Musk says 'Trump decision has not been ...

Will Elon Musk welcome Donald Trump back to Twitter?

“Trump decision has not yet been made,” Musk tweeted.

Late Friday he created a Twitter poll asking if he should reinstate Trump.

Musk also reinstated the accounts of far-right satire publication The Babylon Bee and Canadian men’s rights activist Jordan Peterson, both suspended for transphobic tweets, and comedian Kathy Griffin's account which was suspended for impersonating Musk.

Asked to bring back Infowars host Alex Jones, Musk replied: "No."

Twitter’s new policy is “freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach,” Musk said.

“Negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter,” he tweeted. “You won’t find the tweet unless you specifically seek it out, which is no different from rest of Internet.”

#TwitterMigration?:How to download your data from Twitter if you're making the switch

Mass resignations at Twitter:Employees resign from Twitter after Elon Musk's hardcore deadline

Yoel Roth, the formerhead of trust and safety at Twitter, says the platform still bans “a wide range of ‘lawful but awful’ speech” even though Musk declared himself a free-speech absolutist.

Has he had a change of heart? “The truth is that even Elon Musk’s brand of radical transformation has unavoidable limits,” Roth wrote in a New York Times op-ed.

What is Mastodon?:What to know about the decentralized site some see as a Twitter alternative

Trump announced this week that he will seek the presidency again in 2024, even as a growing number of Republicans urge the GOP to nominate someone else after the 2022 midterm debacle.

The former president was permanently banned from Twitter for inciting violence during the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol.

Trump had said he would not return to Twitter even if invited. But Trump has not gotten the same resonance from his Truth Social app, which has a much more limited reach.

An ultimatum, sudden terminations:Twitter changes raise questions about Elon Musk's management skills

On Truth Social, Trump has 4.56 million followers, a fraction of the more than 88 million he had on Twitter.

The de-platforming of Trump and other figures on the political right sparked outrage among conservatives who accuse Facebook and other major social media platforms of censorship and liberal biases.

Trump was also booted from the nation's top social media platforms – Facebook, Twitter and Google’s YouTube – after the Capitol siege.

Of the platforms, Twitter was Trump’s favorite. Regaining that bullhorn could boost Trump’s presidential ambitions.

Facebook, meanwhile, will decide in January whether to lift Trump’s suspension.

As for YouTube, CEO Susan Wojcicki said last year that the platform would lift the Trump ban “when we determine the risk of violence has decreased.”

YouTube declined to comment.

SpaceX employees take on Elon Musk:SpaceX employees file unfair labor charges alleging they were fired for criticizing Musk

What is Elon Musk doing with Twitter?

Musk has his own problems. As many as 1,200 employees appear to have resigned after Musk gave workers a Thursday night deadline to decide if they wanted to remain at the company.

Musk told employees this week they “will need to be extremely hardcore” to build “a breakthrough Twitter 2.0.” Working long hours in a high-intensity environment would be part of that push, he said.

Ahead of the deadline, Musk seemed to soften that stance and tried to persuade some employees to stay, in part by walking back a rigid remote work policy, according to multiple reports.

“Regarding remote work, all that is required for approval is that your manager takes responsibility for ensuring that you are making an excellent contribution,” Musk wrote in an email.

Trump Twitter reinstated: Dems condemn Elon Musk, GOP celebrates

Elon Musk reinstated former President Donald Trump's Twitter account Saturday night after a nearly two-year ban, spurring mixed reactions from lawmakers and other public figures.

While Trump's account is live, it was not immediately clear if the former president would return to the platform. Trump, who on Tuesday announced he was running for president in 2024, has previously said he would not return to Twitter and would stick with his own social media platform, Truth Social.

Yet many still took to Twitter Saturday to voice views on Musk's move. While liberal leaders expressed fear over the future of the influential social media company, many Republicans cheered the decision. At least one is wondering if she will also be allowed back on the platform.

"Welcome back, @realDonaldTrump!" an account for Republicans on the House Judiciary Committee wrote on Twitter. The congressional panel, which is controlled by Democrats, was responsible for launching impeachment proceedings against the former president.

U.S. Rep. Troy Nehls, R-Texas, shared the news on Twitter and wrote: "2023 is going to be great. 2024 will be better."

U.S. Rep. Paul Gosar, R-Arizona, welcomed Trump back to the platform and wrote: "He's back."

Some Democrats decried the move.

"I’m disgusted," Sen. Jeff Merkley, D-Oregon, wrote.

Minutes after the announcement, U.S. Rep. Bill Pascrell, Jr., D-N.J., called on Twitter users to remember the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection — the violent attack at the U.S. Capitol that led to Trump's removal from the platform.

"682 days ago insurrectionists ransacked the US Capitol and hours later 68% of House republicans voted to finish the rioters’ job and make trump a dictator," Pascrell wrote. "Never forget it."

U.S. Rep. Liz Cheney, the Wyoming Republican who has taken a a strong public stance against Trump, shared a link to a link to a House hearing from the committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack.

"With Trump back on Twitter, it’s a good time to watch this Jan 6 hearing. It covers each of Trump’s tweets that day, including those that have been deleted, and features multiple Trump WH staff describing his inexcusable conduct during the violence," Cheney wrote on Twitter.

Will Donald Trump tweet again? Musk says Trump to be reinstated on Twitter

Twitter:Employees resign after Elon Musk's deadline to recommit and walks back remote

Derrick Johnson, president of the NAACP, urged advertisers to halt work with Twitter.

"In Elon Musk's Twittersphere, you can incite an insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, which led to the deaths of multiple people, and still be allowed to spew hate speech and violent conspiracies on his platform," Johnson said in a statement. "Any advertiser still funding Twitter should immediately pause all advertising."

Johnson added: "If Elon Musk continues to run Twitter like this, using garbage polls that do not represent the American people and the needs of our democracy, God help us all."

Musk told leading civil rights groups earlier this month that he would not allow banned accounts back on the platform until he established a clear process to vet them.

For Musk to reinstate Trump after a short poll "shows he is not remotely serious about safeguarding the platform from hate, harassment and misinformation," said Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the the Anti-Defamation League, calling Musk's decision a threat to American democracy.

"As we've said before, Trump used Twitter to foment intolerance, issue threats and incite a violent attack against the US government," he tweeted. "Moreover, he has shown no indication that he would do anything different if given the opportunity."

Trump's reinstatement on the platform was spurred by a Friday poll posted by Musk, who purchased Twitter for $44 billion late last month. Musk launched the poll on his personal Twitter account Friday evening, allowing users to respond "yes" or "no" on whether to "Reinstate former President Trump."

Over a 24-hour period, a majority of 15 million people voted in favor of reinstating Trump's account. It was unclear how many of the poll participants were verified users or bots.

"The people have spoken. Trump will be reinstated. Vox Populi, Vox Dei," Musk wrote on Twitter Saturday evening, including a Latin phrase meaning "the voice of the people is the voice of God."

In a statement before the poll closed Saturday evening, Trump said: "Vote now with positivity, but don’t worry, we aren’t going anywhere. Truth Social is special!"

During a virtual appearance Saturday at an annual meeting of the Republican Jewish Coalition, Trump elaborated on his future on the platform, saying that, while he has "always liked" Musk, he did not see himself returning to Twitter.

"I don’t see it because I don’t see any reason for it. They have a lot of problems at Twitter. You see what’s going on," Trump said.

#TwitterMigration? How to download your data from Twitter if you're making the switch

'An uptick in people deactivating':Twitter lost more than 1.3 million users in the week after Elon Musk bought it

Musk, the world's richest man who is also the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, has already made a series of sweeping changes at Twitter since taking the helm. Last month, he announced Twitter would be establishing a "content moderation council."

In recent weeks, the company has reinstated the accounts of far-right satire publication The Babylon Bee, Canadian men's rights activist Jordan Peterson and comedian Kathy Griffin.

U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, the Georgia Republican with ties to the baseless QAnon conspiracy theory, on Saturday called on Twitter to reinstate her personal account, which Twitter permanently blocked in January for repeated violations of its COVID-19 misinformation policy.

"Interesting it took a poll to decide to reinstate (Trump) him," Taylor Greene wrote. "… What does it take to reinstate my account?"

USA TODAY was unable to contact Twitter for comment Saturday. Amid mass resignations and firings, the company no longer has a communications department.

It's unclear if other social media platforms may also lift bans on Trump's accounts. Facebook is expected to decide in January whether to lift Trump’s suspension. And YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki said last year that the platform would lift the Trump ban "when we determine the risk of violence has decreased."

In response to Trump’s campaign announcement this week, the nonprofit civil rights group Color of Change said Trump’s candidacy "officially puts Twitter, Meta, Youtube, and other social media platforms on notice to monitor for harmful disinformation."

"The choice is simple: take a stand against a megaphone for white supremacy or once again place Black communities and our democracy in the crosshairs of a far-right extremist leader and his followers," Jade Magnus Ogunnaike, interim co-vice president of Color Of Change, said in a statement. "There is no acceptable pathway for Trump to return to the platforms that banned him."

New study:Twitter's hate speech spiked following Elon Musk's takeover

Donald Trump can return to Facebook after two-year suspension

Facebook parent company Meta Platforms says it will reinstate Donald Trump's accounts on Facebook and Instagram in coming weeks.

Despite opposition from Democrats and advocacy groups, the company said it would lift the ex-president’s suspension as he makes another run for the White House.

Trump has not been allowed to post on Facebook and Instagram since his accounts were indefinitely shut down following the January 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol.

At the time, Facebook said the ban was indefinite. After its outside board weighed in, the company banned Trump for two years and said it would decide this month whether to lift the suspension.

Trump reacts to Facebook return on Truth Social

Trump responded to Facebook's decision on his Truth Social account.

"FACEBOOK, which has lost Billions of Dollars in value since 'deplatforming' your favorite President, me, has just announced that they are reinstating my account," he wrote. "Such a thing should never again happen to a sitting President, or anybody else who is not deserving of retribution!"

He has events scheduled for Saturday in New Hampshire and South Carolina. Trump and his allies made extensive use of Facebook in his previous presidential runs.

Facebook says Trump will have to play by the rules. The company can restrict the accounts of public figures who violate its community standards during periods of civil unrest and Trump will face stiffer penalties in the future, said Nick Clegg, president of global affairs for Facebook parent company Meta.

"In the event that Mr. Trump posts further violating content, the content will be removed and he will be suspended for between one month and two years, depending on the severity of the violation," Clegg said in a blog post.

Trump could also face restrictions for content that does not violate Facebook's rules but "contributes to the sort of risk that materialized on January 6th, such as content that delegitimizes an upcoming election or is related to QAnon," Clegg said.

In those cases, Facebook could limit how widely Trump's posts are viewed or temporarily restrict access to Facebook's advertising tools.

Trump's return dismays Democrats, civil rights groups

"We know that any decision we make on this issue will be fiercely criticized. Reasonable people will disagree over whether it is the right decision," Clegg said.

Two Democratic lawmakers sent a letter to Meta last month urging the company not to reinstate Trump on its platforms, arguing that his continued lies about the 2020 election are an attack on American democracy.

Opponents of Trump criticized the decision, saying it gives Trump more avenues to spread lies and disinformation. Trump, who frequently spreads misinformation online, has continued to falsely claim the 2020 election was stolen.

"Trump incited an insurrection," tweeted U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif. "And tried to stop the peaceful transfer of power. He’s shown no remorse. No contrition. Giving him back access to a social media platform to spread his lies and demagoguery is dangerous."

A Jan. 6 Committee report found that Trump’s supporters used Facebook to track his claims of a stolen election and that Facebook’s “delayed response" to far-right extremism and Trump's incitement "helped to facilitate the attack on January 6th.”

“Mark Zuckerberg’s decision to reinstate Trump’s accounts is a prime example of putting profits above people's safety," NAACP President Derrick Johnson, said in a statement. "It’s quite astonishing that one can spew hatred, fuel conspiracies, and incite a violent insurrection at our nation's Capitol building, and Mark Zuckerberg still believes that is not enough to remove someone from his platforms."

Most conservatives cheer Trump's reinstatement on Facebook

Conservatives say the ban is free-speech censorship by left-leaning technology executives that could unfairly hobble Trump in his presidential bid.

Trump's campaign petitioned Meta to unblock his Facebook and Instagram accounts that were locked after the Capitol attack.

A continued ban would constitute "a deliberate effort by a private company to silence Mr. Trump’s political voice," Trump’s campaign wrote to Meta on Tuesday, according to a copy reviewed by USA TODAY.

Tom Fitton, president of Judicial Watch, a conservative-leaning group, objected to Facebook's new rules for Trump. Trump will face "abusive restrictions on his speech obviously designed to help Left, Democrats and Joe Biden in the run-up to the presidential election," Fitton tweeted.

Not all conservatives applauded Facebook's decision.

Michael Steele, former Republican Party chairman, said social media companies can do what they want, but warned there would be fallout from reinstating Trump.

"Private company. Private platform. Their decision," Steele tweeted. "But we know the behavior hasn’t changed and the lies continue reinforced by feckless political figures who just want Trump to like them. Whether it’s Twitter or Facebook, there are consequences."

Will Trump post again on Facebook?

It's unclear if Trump will make use of Facebook as he seeks the Republican nomination. Trump has not tweeted since Twitter owner Elon Musk lifted his ban in November.

"Sadly, Facebook has been doing very poorly since they took me off," Trump said in a statement earlier this month, suggesting parent company Meta Platforms revert to calling itself Facebook. "Whoever made that decision, and the decision to take me off, will go down in the Business Hall of Fame for two of the worst decisions in Business History!"

Facebook could help Trump raise campaign money

Returning to Facebook could turbocharge Trump's political outreach and fundraising in the 2024 presidential race. In 2016 and in 2020, Trump tapped Facebook to energize his base and raise campaign cash.

Trump has 34 million followers on Facebook and 23 million on Instagram.

Despite the ban, “Team Trump,” a Facebook page managed by his political organization, remained active and has 2.3 million followers.

Trump ban on Facebook outraged conservatives

Meta Platforms cut off Trump’s access to its platforms indefinitely following the Capitol attacks. Trump critics praised the move, which had the support of most Americans but free speech advocates warned it set a dangerous precedent.

The de-platforming enraged conservatives who've complained for years that social media platforms target them based on their political beliefs and have too much latitude to restrict or remove content.

Those grievances boiled over when Facebook, Twitter and YouTube suspended Trump’s accounts, citing the risk that he would use his social media megaphones to incite more violence before the end of his term.

In response, Florida and Texas passed laws banning social media giants like Facebook from moderating content. Those laws are being challenged in the courts.

The Trump bans also renewed criticism of Section 230, a provision of federal law that shields internet companies from liability for user-generated content. Trump and other conservatives have argued for years that the provision should be repealed.

Why Trump was banned from Facebook

Meta Platforms CEO Mark Zuckerberg accused Trump of trying "to undermine the peaceful and lawful transition of power to his elected successor, Joe Biden" and said the indefinite suspension the day after Trump supporters stormed the Capitol was necessary to reduce the risk of violence at least up until Biden's inauguration.

The company referred the final decision on Trump's indefinite suspension to its Oversight Board. Saying Trump's suspension had drawn "intense global interest," the board accepted the case and pledged to conduct "a thorough and independent assessment of the company’s decision.”

Facebook Oversight Board upheld Trump suspension

The Facebook Oversight Board upheld Trump's suspension in May 2021.

The Oversight Board found that the two Trump posts on Jan. 6 "severely violated Facebook’s Community Standards and Instagram’s Community Guidelines" prohibiting praise or support of people engaged in violence.

Specifically, Trump crossed the line when he wrote “We love you. You’re very special” and when he called the rioters “great patriots” and told them to “remember this day forever.”

"At the time of Mr. Trump’s posts, there was a clear, immediate risk of harm and his words of support for those involved in the riots legitimized their violent actions," the board found. "As president, Mr. Trump had a high level of influence. The reach of his posts was large, with 35 million followers on Facebook and 24 million on Instagram."

Facebook originally banned Trump for two years

But the company-funded tribunal of outside experts also ruled that it was inappropriate for Facebook to impose an indefinite suspension and instructed the company to review it.

In June 2021, Facebook decided to ban Trump for two years. After that period, Facebook said it would consult experts to determine whether "the risk to public safety has receded."

At the time, Facebook said Trump's Facebook and Instagram accounts would face a "strict set of rapidly escalating sanctions” if he violates the company's rules again.

"Today’s decision by Meta is a pivotal moment in the debate over the best way to handle harmful content posted by politicians on social media," the Oversight Board said in a statement Wednesday.

Is Trump still banned on Twitter and YouTube?

Trump called Facebook, Twitter and Google's YouTube, all of which suspended him after his supporters attacked the Capitol, "a total disgrace and an embarrassment to our country."

Twitter permanently barred Trump after the Capitol attacks. Musk reinstated Trump’s account and his nearly 88 million followers late last year.

CEO Susan Wojcicki said in 2021 that YouTube would lift the Trump ban “when we determine the risk of violence has decreased.” YouTube declined to comment.

What about Trump and Truth Social?

Without his mainstream social media megaphones, Trump has relied on his Truth Social app which has a more limited reach.

The ex-president has contractual obligations to his TruthSocial app and must post first there, with some exceptions including posts from a personal account for some political activities.

He also has incentive to prop up the value of his social media company.

In November, shareholders in the blank-check acquisition company Digital World Acquisition that plans to merge with Trump Media & Technology Group approved a one-year extension to close the deal. Regulators are investigating whether the leadership of Digital World and Trump Media engaged in negotiations before Digital World went public in 2021.

Contributing: David Jackson

Elon Musk says Twitter will ban some links to other social media ...

New York CNN —

Twitter said Sunday it would ban links to other social media services and suspend accounts that try to direct users to alternative platforms, in an apparent attempt to stem user defections to competitors.

But Twitter CEO Elon Musk later relented, loosening the policy and causing widespread confusion about what kind of linking was allowed and disallowed on the platform.

Under the new policy stated Sunday afternoon, links to content on Facebook and Instagram would be prohibited, as well as links to content on emerging Twitter alternatives, including Mastodon and Post. The rule also covers Truth Social, the Twitter clone backed by former President Donald Trump.

Twitter’s move signals a shift toward a more closed environment, one that still accepts incoming traffic from other sites but makes it more difficult for users to leave Twitter’s website for other destinations.

“Specifically, we will remove accounts created solely for the purpose of promoting other social platforms and content that contains links or usernames for the following platforms: Facebook, Instagram, Mastodon, Truth Social, Tribel, Nostr and Post,” Twitter’s support account tweeted.

Despite the bans, Twitter said the new policy will still “allow paid advertisement/promotion for any of the prohibited social media platforms.”

Hours after the policy’s rollout, Musk appeared to relent under criticism by other users and agreed to loosen the rules. In an exchange involving Box CEO Aaron Levie — who called the new policy “sad” — Musk agreed it was “reasonable” that some might want to link to their Instagram profiles to promote their own businesses.

“Policy will be adjusted to suspending accounts only when that account’s *primary* purpose is promotion of competitors, which essentially falls under the no spam rule,” Musk tweeted.

Then, amid the continuing backlash, Musk opened a Twitter poll asking whether he should “step down as head of Twitter.”

“I will abide by the results of this poll,” Musk wrote.

As of early Sunday evening, “Yes” was winning by a margin of 58% to 42%.

Inconsistent policy

Notably absent from the list of Twitter’s banned social media platforms was TikTok, one of the internet’s fastest-growing social media platforms whose links to China have sparked national security concerns among US policymakers. Musk’s own significant stake in China through his other company, Tesla, have raised doubts among critics as to whether the CEO would stand up to China if the country’s leaders sought to apply pressure on Twitter.

Twitter’s abrupt policy change Sunday afternoon prompted confusion from the platform’s former CEO, Jack Dorsey, who replied: “Why?” Dorsey followed up with: “doesn’t make sense.”

The policy change came after some Twitter users announced their intention to move to other platforms last week, in the wake of Twitter’s suspension of a number of journalists who cover Musk. Amid the backlash to the journalists suspensions, Twitter quietly began blocking links to Mastodon.

Sunday’s initial announcement appeared to formalize that ban to become official Twitter policy, a move that could further raise eyebrows among Twitter’s regulators.

As part of Twitter’s new policy, the company said users may not “link out” to social media platforms subject to the restrictions. Users were also prohibited from updating their Twitter profiles to include their account names on other platforms, a way to inform followers where they might be found elsewhere on social media.

For example, posting encouragement to “follow me @username on Instagram” or “username@mastodon.social” is restricted, Twitter said in a blog post.

Attempts to circumvent that policy will also be enforced against, the company said. For example, use of link-shortening services to obscure the true destination of a URL or attempts to spell out a URL in plain text will also run afoul of Twitter’s rules, the company said.

“If violations of this policy are included in your bio and/or account name, we will temporarily suspend your account and require changes to your profile to no longer be in violation,” the blog post said. “Subsequent violations may result in permanent suspension.”

First offenses or isolated incidents may result in temporary suspensions or requirements that users delete the violating content, Twitter said.

It’s unclear how or if the policy will be implemented after Musk’s apparent decision to loosen the restrictions Sunday evening.

Users may continue to use third-party software to simultaneously publish their social media content to multiple sites, including Twitter, the company said.

Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, as well as Truth Social’s parent Trump Media & Technology Group, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

Facebook Trump Capitol riot ban draws comments as board weighs ...

Pressure is intensifying on the Facebook Oversight Board as it nears a decision on a hotly contested question: whether to reverse former President Donald Trump’s indefinite suspension or ban him forever from Facebook and Instagram.

With Friday’s deadline for public input looming, the Oversight Board has received 9,000 comments, nearly 100 times the comments for its first five cases combined, Dex Hunter-Torricke, head of communications for the board, said Thursday during a discussion hosted by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

“There are all sorts of actors and ordinary folks who said this is something that I care about,” he said.

Twitter Trump ban is forever:Twitter CFO says Donald Trump is suspended forever (even if he's elected president again)

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Academics led by Rick Hasen of the UC Irvine School of Law and including Facebook’s former chief security chief Alex Stamos this week urged the Oversight Board not to lift Trump’s indefinite ban.

“Removal of a political leader from the platforms should be strongly disfavored, and it should be a last resort given the great benefits of robust political debate and protection for political and election-related speech,” they wrote in a letter shared with Politico. “But Trump’s actions justified the step of indefinitely deplatforming him.”

But in a letter to the Oversight Board shared with Axios, Republicans on the House Judiciary Committee raised allegations of anti-conservative bias, saying Facebook’s rules “are not applied in a fair and neutral manner."

"Instances where conservatives viewpoints have been censored, blocked, diminished harm the free exchange of ideas and irreparably damage conservative Americans' faith in the fairness of purportedly neutral actors like Facebook," Rep. Ken Buck, R-Colo., the top Republican on Judiciary's antitrust panel, wrote in the letter, also signed by Reps. Darrell Issa, Jim Jordan and Matt Gaetz.

A recent poll shows that majorities in both parties think political censorship is likely occurring on social media, but that belief is most prevalent on the political right. Though a popular rallying cry for the political right, researchers say they've found no evidence to support the claim that the platforms treat conservatives more harshly.

The Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, on the other hand, recommended the Oversight Board delay its decision until Facebook conducts an independent study on whether the design of the Facebook platform contributed to the Capitol riot.

Trump Facebook ban is highest-profile decision for Oversight Board

The Trump ban is the most consequential case yet for the board, with far-reaching political implications for the nation. The board’s decision could also influence how other social media platforms treat the speech of other world leaders.

Facebook announced in January that the Oversight Board would review its decision to suspend Trump on Jan. 7, the day after a group of the president’s supporters stormed the Capitol.

It also asked the Oversight Board to wrestle with the thorny question of suspensions involving political leaders.

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and others have grown increasingly uneasy with the platform wielding the power to silence world leaders and reshape the nation’s online conversation.

“Our decision to suspend then-President Trump’s access was taken in extraordinary circumstances: a U.S. president actively fomenting a violent insurrection designed to thwart the peaceful transition of power; five people killed; legislators fleeing the seat of democracy,” Nick Clegg, Facebook's vice president of global affairs, wrote last month.

“This has never happened before – and we hope it will never happen again. It was an unprecedented set of events which called for unprecedented action.”

YouTube and other social media companies also indefinitely suspended Trump’s account. Snapchat and Twitter permanently banned Trump.

“We faced an extraordinary and untenable circumstance, forcing us to focus all of our actions on public safety,” Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey said of the decision. “Offline harm as a result of online speech is demonstrably real, and what drives our policy and enforcement above all.”

Facebook, Twitter and YouTube struggled to moderate Trump

Trump’s accounts on Facebook and Instagram remained suspended pending the Oversight Board’s decision.

Throughout his presidency, social media companies wrestled with how to moderate one of their most popular and volatile users.

Time and again, Trump tested the boundaries of what he could say, violating prohibitions against election misinformation, glorifying violence and falsehoods about COVID-19.

The decision to block Trump’s access to the major social media platforms following the Capitol riots was praised by Trump critics and had the support of most Americans, but was condemned by Trump supporters and free speech advocates who warned it set a dangerous precedent.

Saying the suspension has driven "intense global interest," the Oversight Board accepted the case and pledged to conduct "a thorough and independent assessment of the company’s decision.”

Trump ruled Facebook, Twitter before ban:Will @realdonaldtrump log into Gab or somewhere else?

Will Facebook Oversight Board lift ban?:Facebook refers Donald Trump indefinite suspension after Capitol attack to oversight board which could overturn it

Facebook’s Oversight Board launched last year to review the toughest calls the company makes. It is supposed to function as an independent entity but gets financial backing and technical support from Facebook.

In September, some of the company's harshest critics launched a rival panel of independent experts to monitor Facebook.

"Facebook failed for months to take action over Donald Trump’s repeated use of its platform to incite violence, spread disinformation and systematic attempts to subvert the election. Its abject failure to act undoubtedly played a role in the violent events that unfolded at the Capitol on Jan. 6," these critics said in a statement. "American democracy survived in spite of Facebook."

The company dismissed the effort as “mostly longtime critics creating a new channel for existing criticisms.”

The Oversight Board, which has the authority to review and overturn the company’s content moderation decisions, showed its willingness to challenge Facebook’s content moderation decisions in four of the first five cases it took on.

Trump's call to terminate the Constitution is a fantasy, but it's still ...

CNN —

Donald Trump’s call for the termination of the Constitution is his most extreme anti-democratic statement yet and seems oblivious to the sentiments of voters who rejected election deniers in the midterm elections.

It may also reflect desperation on the part of the former president to whip up controversy and fury among his core supporters in order to inject some energy into a so-far lackluster 2024 White House bid.

Trump’s comments on his Truth Social network – which should be easy for anyone to condemn – are exposing the familiar moral timidity of top Republicans who won’t disown the former president. But his latest tirade also plays into the arguments of some Republicans now saying that it’s time to move on from Trump’s fixation with the 2020 election.

And while it is far too early to write off his chances in the 2024 GOP nominating contest, Trump’s behavior since announcing his third presidential bid also suggests his never-ending quest to shock and to fire up his base now means going so far right he ends up on the extremist fringe and almost in self-parody. In the short time he’s been a candidate, he’s expressed support for rioters who stormed the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, and dined with a White nationalist Holocaust denier.

Gabriel Sterling, the chief operating officer for Georgia’s Secretary of State Office, chuckled at the incredulity of Trump’s claim about the Constitution when it was described by CNN’s Pam Brown on Saturday.

“It’s ridiculous, it’s insane, to suspend the Constitution. Come on man, seriously?” said Sterling, a Republican who helped oversee Georgia’s election in 2020, when President Joe Biden carried the state. “I think more and more Republicans, Americans are saying, ‘Ok I am good, I am done with this now, I’m going to move on to the next thing.’”

Trump’s rant may be a sign of a stuttering 2024 campaign

The most immediate question raised by Trump’s latest controversy is what it says about a presidential campaign that has been swallowed up by one far-right authoritarian sideshow after another.

Far from barnstorming the nation, making a case on the economy, health care and immigration or outlining a program for the future, Trump has given comfort to zealots and insurrectionists.

He hosted Kanye West at Mar-a-Lago last month, at a time when the rapper now known as Ye is in the middle of a vile streak of antisemitism and praising Adolf Hitler. The far-right Holocaust denier Nick Fuentes was at also at that dinner. Trump claimed he didn’t know who Fuentes was but the former president still hasn’t criticized his ideology. Last week, Trump, in a fundraising video, praised the mob that invaded the Capitol in the worst attack on US democracy in modern times, again promoting violence as an acceptable response to political grievances.

His social media assault on the Constitution appears to be proving the point of the House select committee probing January 6, which has portrayed him as a clear and present danger to American democracy and met on Friday to consider criminal referrals to the Justice Department.

Wyoming GOP Rep. Liz Cheney, vice chair of the committee, tweeted on Sunday: “No honest person can now deny that Trump is an enemy of the Constitution.” Trump’s latest wild social media post could even deepen his legal exposure as the Justice Department seeks evidence of his mindset as it investigates his conduct before the attack on the Capitol.

Trump’s doubling down on authoritarianism also follows a moment when much of the country, at least in crucial swing states, rejected his 2020 election denialism and anti-democratic chaos candidates he picked for the midterms – with a final test on Tuesday in Georgia’s Senate runoff. It appears to make it even more unlikely that the ex-president, even if he wins the Republican nomination, will be the kind of candidate who could win among the broader national electorate. After all, his message failed in two consecutive elections in 2020 and 2022. And even in the wilder reaches of the GOP, which Trump has dominated since 2015, a call to simply trash the Constitution might seem a stretch – and reflect the former president’s increasing distance from reality.

Why Trump’s words are dangerous

One could argue that the most prudent response to Trump’s latest radical rhetoric might be to ignore it and his bid for publicity.

But even if his idea of crushing the Constitution looks far-fetched, his behavior needs to be taken seriously because of its possible future consequences.

That’s because Trump remains an extraordinarily influential force in the Republican Party. His acolytes hold outsized power in the new House majority set to take over in January, which they plan to use as a political weapon to promote his restoration in the White House. GOP leader Kevin McCarthy is appeasing this group in an increasingly troubled campaign for speaker. The California Republican also last week shielded Trump over criticism of the Fuentes dinner, saying that while such a person had no place in the party, Trump had condemned him four times – a false claim.

Furthermore, in an electoral sense, the theory that Republican voters may be willing to move on from Trump – and to find a candidate who may reflect “America First” populism but not dine with antisemites – has not yet been tested. Trump’s claims that the 2020 election was stolen are still broadly accepted among GOP voters – only 24% of whom believe that Biden legitimately won in 2020, according to midterm election exit polls.

And a GOP primary that includes multiple candidates competing with Trump for the presidential nomination could yet again splinter the vote against the former president and allow him to emerge at the top of a mostly winner-take-all delegate race, a vote that would put a prospective authoritarian who has already tried to dismantle the US system of democracy one step from a return to power.

Ignoring or downplaying public evidence of extremism and incitement only allows it to become normalized. There is already proof that the ex-president’s rhetoric can cause violence – after he told his supporters to “fight like hell” to save their country on January 6. And the rhetoric of people like West and Fuentes, with whom Trump has associated, risks normalizing odious forces in society that will grow if they are not challenged. Fuentes, after all, has appeared with Republican lawmakers like Georgia Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene – an increasingly influential voice in the House GOP conference.

Years of norm crushing and acceptance of extremists by the twice-impeached former president never convinced the party to purge him or his views. Were it not for principled, conservative Republicans like Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger and former Arizona House Speaker Rusty Bowers, Trump’s election-stealing effort might have worked in 2020.

As they work through an intense lame-duck session of Congress, Republican lawmakers are, for the umpteenth time, going to be asked this week about the tyrannical attitudes of the front-runner for their party’s presidential nod.

One newly elected Republican, Michael Lawler – who picked up a Democratic-held House seat critical to the slim GOP majority – stood up for the Constitution on CNN’s “State of the Union” on Sunday.

“The Constitution is set for a reason, to protect the rights of every American. And so I certainly don’t endorse that language or that sentiment,” Lawler told Jake Tapper. “I think the former president would be well-advised to focus on the future, if he is going to run for president again.”

Republican Rep. Mike Turner of Ohio, who serves on the House Intelligence Committee, said he “vehemently” disagreed with Trump’s statement and said his dinner with West and Fuentes was “atrocious” and that voters would take both incidents into consideration.

But a fellow Ohio Republican, Rep. David Joyce, demonstrated the characteristic reluctance of members of his party to confront an ex-president who remains hugely popular among its grassroots. Regarding the threat to the Constitution, Joyce said on ABC’s “This Week” on Sunday, “You know he says a lot of things but that doesn’t mean that it’s ever going to happen,” adding that it was important to separate “fact from fantasy.”

Joyce didn’t directly condemn Trump’s rhetoric and said he would support whomever the Republican Party nominates in 2024. The fact that Republicans are open to a potential president – who would be called upon to swear to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution but who has already called for its termination – speaks volumes about how much the GOP is still in Trump’s shadow.

GOP slowly begins to condemn Trump's call to terminate ...

CNN —

Republicans returned to Washington on Monday facing a familiar drama that has played out continually in the Trump years: GOP members forced to confront a controversy that they would rather ignore.

After days of silence over former President Donald Trump’s call to terminate the Constitution, several top Republicans have now condemned the comment. But even among those speaking out, few have said it should disqualify Trump from running again for the White House, while many more Hill Republicans have so far remained silent on the issue.

And in a sign of how reluctant most Republicans are to wade into the latest Trump-driven controversy, most were quiet until pressed by reporters for comment after returning to the Capitol on Monday.

Sen. John Thune of South Dakota, the No. 2 Senate Republican, told CNN that he disagrees with Trump’s post on his social network Truth Social calling for the “termination of all rules, regulations and articles, even those in the Constitution” to nullify the 2020 election results.

“I swear an oath to uphold the Constitution and it is a bedrock principle – it is the principle, the bedrock of our of our country,” Thune said. “I couldn’t disagree more.”

Sen. John Cornyn of Texas – a member of GOP leadership – also objected to Trump’s post calling for the termination of the US Constitution.

“I don’t know why anybody would say something like that – certainly not an ex-president,” Cornyn told CNN. “I think it’s irresponsible.”

Many congressional Republicans, however, have not yet weighed in on Trump’s comments, even as a growing number are now starting to react critically.

House GOP leader Kevin McCarthy has been silent on the remarks, while Senate GOP leader Mitch McConnell said that he will address Trump’s Constitution comments on Tuesday at his weekly news conference following the regularly scheduled Senate policy lunches.

GOP Sen. Shelley Moore Capito of West Virginia called Trump’s comments “ridiculous,” while retiring GOP Sen. Roy Blunt of Missouri dismissed them, saying, “I was standing 10 feet from him when he took the oath of office and there was no emergency clause not to follow the Constitution.”

GOP Sen. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska tweeted on Sunday, “Suggesting the termination of the Constitution is not only a betrayal of our Oath of Office, it’s an affront to our Republic.” Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators who joined with Democrats in voting to convict Trump at the conclusion of his second impeachment trial.

And Republican Sen. Mike Rounds of South Dakota said in a statement posted to Twitter responding to the former president’s comments, “Anyone who desires to lead our country must commit to protecting the Constitution. They should not threaten to terminate it.”

But even among GOP critics, few are going so far as to say the remarks should prevent Trump from running again for the White House.

Thune stopped short when asked if it disqualifies him from being president again, saying instead it will become fodder for any candidate who decides to challenge him.

“It’s going to be the grist of the campaign,” Thune said. “If you’re one of these other people who’s interested in running this year, this is certainly an opportunity that would create some contrast. He’s the only announced candidate so far.”

Thune added: “He’s going to say what he’s going to say. I don’t think anybody’s going to control that, but I do think if you’re one of the other candidates, this is a golden opportunity.”

Cornyn similarly would not say if the comments were disqualifying, saying they were “certainly irresponsible.”

GOP Sen. Rick Scott of Florida said, “I believe in the Constitution,” but, when asked by CNN if he believes they’re disqualifying comments, said, “I think the voters get to decide those things.”

The White House, meanwhile, has wasted little time condemning Trump’s call for the “termination” of the Constitution. And now President Joe Biden’s aides are ramping up pressure on congressional Republicans to do the same.

“Every President and every member of Congress swears to ‘defend’ the Constitution of the United States,” said White House spokesperson Andrew Bates. “Asking members of Congress to reaffirm their oath of office and uphold the Constitution should not be a heavy lift. Congressional Republicans need to do that immediately, instead of repeatedly refusing to answer the most basic question.”

Clare Foran Manu Raju Ted Barrett
Clare Foran
Manu Raju
Ted Barrett