The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Injection Training on Knowledge, Reasoning, and Skill Development in Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Trial ID: NCT07253571
Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Phase: NA
Start date: 2025-12-15
Completion date: 2026-10-15
Sponsor: Akdeniz University
Conditions: AI Chatbot; Nursing Education; AI (Artificial Intelligence); Nursing Skills; IM Injection; OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination); Clinical Reasoning
Interventions: Training of IM and SC injection skills via Chatbot
Locations: Akdeniz University
Countries: Turkey (Türkiye)
Enrollment: 80
Age range: None - None
Sex: ALL

Summary:
The complexity of healthcare services and technological advances today have necessitated the adoption of innovative approaches in nursing education. Among these innovative approaches, artificial intelligence (AI) has established itself as a technology that is increasingly present in nursing education processes, offering a supportive, personalized, and interactive learning experience. AI's contributions to nursing students' acquisition of fundamental competencies such as clinical decision-making, skill development, and critical thinking are rapidly increasing. Especially in high-risk, invasive, and clinically skill-intensive applications, AI-supported educational models both enhance learning quality and support patient safety. Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections are among the basic invasive skills that nursing students must learn. These applications require a high level of cognitive and psychomotor competence from students. Incorrect injection practices can lead to complications such as drug absorption problems, nerve damage, hematoma, or infection, making it critically important to teach these skills correctly and safely. In this context, AI-supported education systems stand out as an effective tool for teaching injection skills. Artificial intelligence-based chatbots provide students with both theoretical knowledge and practical guidance. For example, before injecting a muscle group, a student can learn about the anatomy of the muscle, determine the correct angle, and remember precautions against potential complications through the chatbot. Artificial intelligence also reinforces the learning process by instantly answering students' questions, preventing the acquisition of incorrect information. Recent studies emphasize that AI-supported learning tools positively influence students' attitudes toward learning, increasing their motivation and academic satisfaction levels. Accordingly, the integration of AI-based technologies in the process of training future nurses is no longer an option but a necessity. Particularly in complex and delicate skills such as intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, AI-supported chatbots can facilitate student learning, increase skill accuracy, and support clinical safety. Therefore, it is crucial for nursing education programs to combine artificial intelligence technologies with pedagogical foundations to provide student-centered, safe, and effective learning environments.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Being a first-year nursing student,
* Taking the Fundamentals of Nursing-I course for the first time,
* Encountering the topic of intramuscular and subcutaneous injections for the first time,
* Agreeing to participate in the research voluntarily and willingly,
* Having a smart device and internet access to use the chatbot application regularly,
* Committing to participate in the research process at least 80% of the time (ensuring at least 2 uses per week for 4 weeks)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having previously taken the Fundamentals of Nursing-I course or having received formal training in injection techniques
* Being unable to participate in theoretical or practical training during the research process
* Being unable to continue interactions with the chatbot for technical reasons
* Incomplete research data or being unable to complete the pre-test/post-test process .

Outcomes:
Objective Structured Clinical Examination score; Clinically Oriented Reasoning Exam score; Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injection Theoretical Knowledge Pre-Test; Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injection Theoretical Knowledge Post-Test; Productive Artificial Intelligence Usage and Competence Scale Score