Table: us_district_judges
Columns: judge
state
born_died
active_service
chief_judge
senior_status
appointed_by
reason_for_termination

Question: Who appointed Judge Edward E. Cushman?
SQL: SELECT "appointed_by" FROM us_district_judges WHERE "judge" = 'edward e. cushman'

Question: Who was Judge Jack Edward Tanner's chief judge?
SQL: SELECT "chief_judge" FROM us_district_judges WHERE "judge" = 'jack edward tanner'