Table: miss_earth_venezuela_winners
Columns: year
miss_earth_venezuela
1st_runner_up
2nd_runner_up
3rd_runner_up
4th_runner_up

Question: who is the miss earth venezuela when the 2nd runner-up is maría escalante?
SQL: SELECT "miss_earth_venezuela" FROM miss_earth_venezuela_winners WHERE "2nd_runner_up" = 'maría escalante'

Question: who is the 2nd runner-up when the year is before 2008 and the 3rd runner-up is mariannys caraballo?
SQL: SELECT "2nd_runner_up" FROM miss_earth_venezuela_winners WHERE "year" < 2008 AND "3rd_runner_up" = 'mariannys caraballo'

Question: who is the 1st runner-up when the miss earth Venezuela is maría daniela torrealba?
SQL: SELECT "1st_runner_up" FROM miss_earth_venezuela_winners WHERE "miss_earth_venezuela" = 'maría daniela torrealba'

Question: who is the 4th runner-up when the 2nd runner-up is osmariel villalobos?
SQL: SELECT "4th_runner_up" FROM miss_earth_venezuela_winners WHERE "2nd_runner_up" = 'osmariel villalobos'

Question: who is the 2nd runner-up when the 3rd runner-up is mariannys caraballo?
SQL: SELECT "2nd_runner_up" FROM miss_earth_venezuela_winners WHERE "3rd_runner_up" = 'mariannys caraballo'