moebiusT7/mmv-wiki-index-zh huggingface dataset:
or veterans do not constitute sex discrimination Torres v. Puerto Rico 442 U.S. 465 (1979) Fourth Amendment applies to Puerto Rico Sandstrom v. Montana 442 U.S. 510 (1979) instructing the jury on the burden of proof in criminal trials Wilson v. Omaha Tribe 442 U.S. 653 (1979) federal law governs an Indian tribe's right of possession to land Califano v. Yamasaki 442 U.S. 682 (1979) procedural due process and the Social Security Act Fare v. Michael C. 442 U.S. 707 (1979) invocation of the Miranda rights by asking for a probation officer 史密斯诉马里兰州案 442 U.S. 735 (1979) leaves call detail records outside the protection of the Fourth Amendment. Arkansas v. Sanders 442 U.S. 753 (1979) absent exigency, the warrantless search of personal luggage merely because it was located in an automobile lawfully stopped by the police is not justified under the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment United Steel Workers of America v. Weber 443 U.S. 193 (1979) regarding affirmative action, reverse discrimination Gannett Co. v. DePasquale 443 U.S. 368 (1979) standing of the press to assert violations of the right to a public trial Bellotti v. Baird 443 U.S. 622 (1979) parental notification requirements for abortion are constitutional with a judicial bypass provision Ybarra v. Illinois 444 U.S. 85 (1979) a person's mere presence at a place for which the police have a warrant to search does not allow the police to search that person Goldwater v. Carter 444 U.S. 996 (1979) justiciability, political question doctrine Vance v. Terraza
linois 444 U.S. 85 (1979) a person's mere presence at a place for which the police have a warrant to search does not allow the police to search that person Goldwater v. Carter 444 U.S. 996 (1979) justiciability, political question doctrine Vance v. Terrazas 444 U.S. 252 (1980) a United States citizen cannot have his or her U.S. citizenship taken away without proof, by a preponderance of evidence, that he or she acted with an intention to relinquish that citizenship. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp v. Woodson 444 U.S. 286 (1980) Personal jurisdiction, strict liability Village of Schaumburg v. Citizens for a Better Environment 444 U.S. 620 (1980) First Amendment protection for door-to-door soliciting Trammel v. United States 445 U.S. 40 (1980) marital privilege under the Federal Rules of Evidence Rummel v. Estelle 445 U.S. 263 (1980) life in prison with possibility of parole is not cruel and unusual punishment for a habitual offender convicted of passing bad checks Vitek v. Jones 445 U.S. 380 (1980) due process liberty interest in forcible commitment to a mental hospital Payton v. New York 445 U.S. 573 (1980) Fourth Amendment prohibits warrantless entry into a home to effect a routine felony arrest Owen v. City of Independence 445 U.S. 622 (1980) municipal liability under the Civil Rights Act Mobile v. Bolden 446 U.S. 55 (1980) At-Large voting system and the Fifteenth Amendment Rhode Island v. Innis 446 U.S. 291 (1980) meaning of "interrogation" under Miranda v. Arizona Cuyler v. Sullivan 446 U.S. 335 (1980) criminal
under the Civil Rights Act Mobile v. Bolden 446 U.S. 55 (1980) At-Large voting system and the Fifteenth Amendment Rhode Island v. Innis 446 U.S. 291 (1980) meaning of "interrogation" under Miranda v. Arizona Cuyler v. Sullivan 446 U.S. 335 (1980) criminal defendant's right to counsel not saddled by a conflict of interest Godfrey v. Georgia 446 U.S. 420 (1980) Eighth Amendment overbreadth of an aggravating circumstance required for imposing the death penalty United States V. Mendenhall 446 U.S. 544 (1980) police may obtain consent to detain a person and search them under the Fourth Amendment Walker v. Armco Steel Corp. 446 U.S. 740 (1980) Erie Doctrine – state statute of limitations vs. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins 447 U.S. 74 (1980) federalism, freedom of speech Jenkins v. Anderson 447 U.S. 231 (1980) criminal defendant's silence prior to arrest may be held against him in court Agins v. City of Tiburon 447 U.S. 255 (1980) zoning and regulatory takings Diamond v. Chakrabarty 447 U.S. 303 (1980) patentability of genetically modified organisms Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service Commission 447 U.S. 530 (1980) freedom of speech (companies including information inserts with bills) Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission 447 U.S. 557 (1980) commercial speech—energy company advertising Beck v. Alabama 447 U.S. 625 (1980) lesser-included instructions in capital murder cases United States v. Raddatz 447 U.S. 667 (1980) federal district court revi
v. Public Service Commission 447 U.S. 557 (1980) commercial speech—energy company advertising Beck v. Alabama 447 U.S. 625 (1980) lesser-included instructions in capital murder cases United States v. Raddatz 447 U.S. 667 (1980) federal district court review of determinations by federal magistrate judges United States v. Payner 447 U.S. 727 (1980) Court's supervisory power does not allow application of exclusionary rule even where third party's Fourth Amendment rights were clearly violated Maine v. Thiboutot 448 U.S. 1 (1980) 42 U.S.C. § 1983 allows suits for violations of federal statutory law 亚当斯诉得克萨斯州案 448 U.S. 38 (1980) juror oaths regarding factual deliberations in capital cases 俄亥俄州诉罗伯茨案 448 U.S. 56 (1980) hearsay is admissible under the Sixth Amendment if it bears particular guarantees of trustworthiness; overruled by Crawford v. Washington White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker 448 U.S. 136 (1980) state is not allowed to tax a non-Indian contractor who works exclusively on a reservation Harris v. McRae 448 U.S. 297 (1980) states are not required to fund abortions United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 448 U.S. 371 (1980) seizure of Native American lands Fullilove v. Klutznick 448 U.S. 448 (1980) Equal protection, government contract set-aside for minority owned businesses Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute 448 U.S. 607 (1980) administrative law, determining OSHA's powers to regulate toxic chemicals in the workplace Stone v. Graham 449 U.S. 39 (1980) requiring privately-funded
ority owned businesses Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute 448 U.S. 607 (1980) administrative law, determining OSHA's powers to regulate toxic chemicals in the workplace Stone v. Graham 449 U.S. 39 (1980) requiring privately-funded posting of the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms violates the Establishment Clause Upjohn Co. v. United States 449 U.S. 383 (1981) attorney-client privilege Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co. 449 U.S. 456 (1981) ban on nonreturnable milk containers under the rational basis test of equal protection law Fedorenko v. United States 449 U.S. 490 (1981) revoking the citizenship of a naturalized former concentration camp guard Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks v. Diehr et al. 450 U.S. 175 (1981) patentability of machines controlled by computer software H. L. v. Matheson 450 U.S. 398 (1981) upholding parental notification law for minors' abortions Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County 450 U.S. 464 (1981) sex discrimination in statutory rape laws Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp. 450 U.S. 662 (1981) Iowa state restriction on tractor trailer length violated Dormant Commerce Clause Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division 450 U.S. 707 (1981) religious pacifism and unemployment benefits under the Free Exercise Clause Estelle v. Smith 451 U.S. 454 (1981) statements taken in violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights to counsel may not be admitted at a capital sentencing proceeding 爱德华诉亚利桑那州案 451 U.
pacifism and unemployment benefits under the Free Exercise Clause Estelle v. Smith 451 U.S. 454 (1981) statements taken in violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights to counsel may not be admitted at a capital sentencing proceeding 爱德华诉亚利桑那州案 451 U.S. 477 (1981) police may not initiate questioning once a suspect has invoked his rights under Miranda v. Arizona Parratt v. Taylor 451 U.S. 527 (1981) mere negligence does not state a claim for a due process violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Lassiter v. Department of Social Services 452 U.S. 18 (1981) right to counsel in parental termination proceedings Connecticut Board of Pardons v. Dumschat 452 U.S. 458 (1981) due process right to commutation of life sentences Rostker v. Goldberg 453 U.S. 57 (1981) Equal Protection Clause , women exempt from Selective Service registration City of Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc. 453 U.S. 247 (1981) punitive damages against municipalities in suits under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Haig v. Agee 453 U.S. 280 (1981) power of Executive Branch to revoke passports California v. Prysock 453 U.S. 355 (1981) phrasing of the warnings required by Miranda v. Arizona New York v. Belton 453 U.S. 454 (1981) scope of a lawful search incident to the arrest of a passenger in an automobile includes things inside the passenger compartment Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego 453 U.S. 490 (1981) municipal regulation of billboards under the First Amendment Dames & Moore v. Regan 453 U.S. 654 (1981) executive authority over foreign affairs, International E
inside the passenger compartment Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego 453 U.S. 490 (1981) municipal regulation of billboards under the First Amendment Dames & Moore v. Regan 453 U.S. 654 (1981) executive authority over foreign affairs, International Emergency Economic Powers Act Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno 454 U.S. 235 (1981) forum non conveniens doctrine Widmar v. Vincent 454 U.S. 263 (1981) use of state university classroom space by religious student groups Polk County v. Dodson 454 U.S. 312 (1981) liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of constitutional rights allegedly committed by public defenders Cabell v. Chavez-Salido 454 U.S. 432 (1982) citizenship requirements for probation officers Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State 454 U.S. 464 (1982) standing to sue for alleged violations of the Establishment Clause Community Communications Co. v. City of Boulder 455 U.S. 40 (1982) municipalities may not allow monopolies under home rule and instead must rely on policies enacted at the state level. Eddings v. Oklahoma 455 U.S. 104 (1982) scope of mitigation evidence presented at a sentencing hearing in a capital case required by the Eighth Amendment Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe 455 U.S. 130 (1982) tribal sovereignty, an Indian tribe is authorized to impose a severance tax on non-Indian oil companies drilling on reservation land United States v. Lee 455 U.S. 252 (1982) religious opposition to participation in Social Security 罗斯诉伦迪案 455 U.S. 509 (19
) tribal sovereignty, an Indian tribe is authorized to impose a severance tax on non-Indian oil companies drilling on reservation land United States v. Lee 455 U.S. 252 (1982) religious opposition to participation in Social Security 罗斯诉伦迪案 455 U.S. 509 (1982) exhaustion requirement in federal habeas proceedings Santosky v. Kramer 455 U.S. 745 (1982) standard of proof in parental termination proceedings must be at least clear and convincing evidence American Society Of Mechanical Engineers v. Hydrolevel Corp. 456 U.S. 556 (1982) non-profit associations are liable for treble damages under the Sherman Antitrust Act due to antitrust violations Oregon v. Kennedy 456 U.S. 667 (1982) double jeopardy protections for retrial after a mistrial is granted United States v. Ross 456 U.S. 798 (1982) acceptable scope of a warrantless search of an automobile that has been legitimately stopped and that the police have probable cause to believe contains contraband Plyler v. Doe 457 U.S. 202 (1982) illegal immigrants and public education Youngberg v. Romeo 457 U.S. 307 (1982) rights of the involuntarily committed and mentally retarded Nixon v. Fitzgerald 457 U.S. 731 (1982) qualified immunity of executive branch officials Harlow v. Fitzgerald 457 U.S. 800 (1982) absolute immunity for executive branch officials Board of Education, Island Trees School District v. Pico 457 U.S. 853 (1982) right to remove "objectionable" books from school libraries Northern Pipeline Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. 458 U.S. 50 (1982) Article III of the U
for executive branch officials Board of Education, Island Trees School District v. Pico 457 U.S. 853 (1982) right to remove "objectionable" books from school libraries Northern Pipeline Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. 458 U.S. 50 (1982) Article III of the U.S. Constitution and the Bankruptcy Code Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp. 458 U.S. 419 (1982) per se rule of takings clause Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan 458 U.S. 718 (1982) single-sex nursing schools and the Equal Protection Clause New York v. Ferber 458 U.S. 747 (1982) States may ban sexual images of minors even where material does not meet existing tests of obscenity Enmund v. Florida 458 U.S. 782 (1982) felony murder and the death penalty United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal 458 U.S. 858 (1982) constitutionality of deporting aliens who might give testimony in criminal alien smuggling prosecutions NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co. 458 U.S. 886 (1982) First Amendment protection for boycotts Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas 458 U.S. 941 (1982) Nebraska statute forbidding commercial exportation of water violated the Dormant Commerce Clause Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc. 459 U.S. 116 (1982) allowing churches to veto nearby liquor licenses violates the Establishment Clause Hewitt v. Helms 459 U.S. 460 (1983) procedural due process protections for prisoners transferred to administrative segregation South Dakota v. Neville 459 U.S. 553 (1983) admitting evidence of refusal to submit to field sobriety tests does not violate the Fifth Amendment
459 U.S. 460 (1983) procedural due process protections for prisoners transferred to administrative segregation South Dakota v. Neville 459 U.S. 553 (1983) admitting evidence of refusal to submit to field sobriety tests does not violate the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Constr. Corp. 460 U.S. 1 (1983) Colorado River abstention and enforcement of arbitration clauses in diversity Briscoe v. LaHue 460 U.S. 325 (1983) A case where the court held that Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 did not authorize a convicted state defendant to assert a claim for damages against a police officer for giving perjured testimony at the defendant's criminal trial. District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman 460 U.S. 462 (1983) review of state court decisions by U.S. District Courts Florida v. Royer 460 U.S. 491 (1983) search and seizure of an airline passenger walking through an airport Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy 460 U.S. 766 (1983) environmental law; psychological effects do not need to be evaluated as part of an Environmental Impact Report Minneapolis Star Tribune Company v. Commissioner 460 U.S. 575 (1983) Special taxes on ink and paper violate the First Amendment Anderson v. Celebrezze 460 U.S. 780 (1983) Filing deadlines for independent candidates may not be extraordinarily early. City of Los Angeles v. Lyons 461 U.S. 95 (1982) standing, requirement of plausible threat of future injury for an injunction to issue Connick v. Myers 461 U.S. 1
U.S. 780 (1983) Filing deadlines for independent candidates may not be extraordinarily early. City of Los Angeles v. Lyons 461 U.S. 95 (1982) standing, requirement of plausible threat of future injury for an injunction to issue Connick v. Myers 461 U.S. 138 (1983) Free speech rights of public employees for public speech at work Pacific Gas & Electric v. State Energy Resources Conservation of Development Commission 461 U.S. 190 (1983) Preemption, Nuclear Power Commissioner v. Tufts 461 U.S. 300 (1983) unanimous decision on when a taxpayer sells or disposes of property encumbered by a nonrecourse obligation exceeding the fair market value of the property sold, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue may require him to include in the “amount realized” the outstanding amount of the obligation; the fair market value of the property is irrelevant to this calculation. Kolender v. Lawson 461 U.S. 352 (1983) requiring loiterers or wanderers on the streets to present identification and to account for their presence when requested by a police officer is unconstitutional Heckler v. Campbell 461 U.S. 458 (1983) HHS Secretary's power to promulgate guidelines defining disability Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington 461 U.S. 540 (1983) restricting 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations from engaging in political activity does not violate the First Amendment Bob Jones University v. United States 461 U.S. 574 (1983) freedom of religion and tax exemptions Illinois v. Gates 462 U.S. 213 (1983) validity of searches cond
onprofit organizations from engaging in political activity does not violate the First Amendment Bob Jones University v. United States 461 U.S. 574 (1983) freedom of religion and tax exemptions Illinois v. Gates 462 U.S. 213 (1983) validity of searches conducted pursuant to warrants predicated on an informant's tip City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health 462 U.S. 416 (1983) requiring abortions to be performed in a hospital, restricting abortion to girls over 16, and requiring a doctor to impart certain information before performing an abortion are all unconstitutional United States v. Place 462 U.S. 696 (1983) dog sniff is not a search under the Fourth Amendment INS v. Chadha 462 U.S. 919 (1983) unconstitutionality of the legislative veto Oregon v. Bradshaw 462 U.S. 1039 (1983) protections of Miranda v. Arizona when the suspect reinitiates conversation with the police Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. 463 U.S. 60 (1983) First Amendment, definition of commercial speech Solem v. Helm 463 U.S. 277 (1983) life without parole for passing bad checks is cruel and unusual punishment Jones v. United States 463 U.S. 354 (1983) verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is sufficiently probative of mental illness and dangerousness to justify involuntary commitment Dirks v. Securities & Exchange Commission 463 U.S. 646 (1983) Insider trading, interpretation of Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Marsh v. Chambers 463 U.S. 783 (1983) Establishment Clause does not forbid state legislatures
commitment Dirks v. Securities & Exchange Commission 463 U.S. 646 (1983) Insider trading, interpretation of Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Marsh v. Chambers 463 U.S. 783 (1983) Establishment Clause does not forbid state legislatures from employing chaplains Barefoot v. Estelle 463 U.S. 880 (1983) Admissibility of psychiatrist's testimony about a criminal's future dangerousness Michigan v. Long 463 U.S. 1032 (1983) “adequate and independent state ground” Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios (Betamax case) 464 U.S. 417 (1984) copyright , VCR "time-shifting", fair use Southland Corp. v. Keating 465 U.S. 1 (1984) Federal Arbitration Act applies to actions in state courts McKaskle v. Wiggins 465 U.S. 168 (1984) standby counsel does not violate criminal defendant's Sixth Amendment right to present his own case in a criminal trial Grove City College v. Bell 465 U.S. 555 (1984) acquiescence to federal anti-discrimination regulations through acceptance of federal funds Lynch v. Donnelly 465 U.S. 668 (1984) public religious display on private property Calder v. Jones 465 U.S. 783 (1984) minimum contacts for personal jurisdiction based on a libelous publication United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden 465 U.S. 208 (1984) Privileges and Immunities clause Oliver v. United States 466 U.S. 170 (1984) reaffirmed open fields doctrine in a case where the defendant grew marijuana in his field Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Delgado 466 U.S. 210 (1984) Fourth
. 208 (1984) Privileges and Immunities clause Oliver v. United States 466 U.S. 170 (1984) reaffirmed open fields doctrine in a case where the defendant grew marijuana in his field Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Delgado 466 U.S. 210 (1984) Fourth Amendment requirements for administrative searches Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S. A. v. Hall 466 U.S. 408 (1984) Purchases in the United States by a non-resident corporation are insufficient under the minimum contacts test to establish in personam jurisdiction Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. 466 U.S. 485 (1984) appellate courts may make finding of "actual malice" required for libel claims against public figures by the First Amendment Strickland v. Washington 466 U.S. 668 (1984) standard for ineffective assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment Members of the City Council of the City of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent 466 U.S. 789 (1984) First Amendment regulation of posting of campaign signs Waller v. Georgia 467 U.S. 39 (1984) Sixth Amendment right to a public trial South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke 467 U.S. 82 (1984) market participant exception to the Dormant Commerce Clause United States v. Gouveia 467 U.S. 180 (1984) right to counsel for prisoners under administrative segregation Bernal v. Fainter 467 U.S. 216 (1984) citizenship of notaries public Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 467 U.S. 229 (1984) land use law, takings to redistribute private property Immigration and Naturalization Service v.
s under administrative segregation Bernal v. Fainter 467 U.S. 216 (1984) citizenship of notaries public Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 467 U.S. 229 (1984) land use law, takings to redistribute private property Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Stevic 467 U.S. 407 (1984) aliens must establish a clear probability of persecution to avoid deportation California v. Trombetta 467 U.S. 479 (1984) preservation of breath samples in DUI cases not required under the Due Process Clause New York v. Quarles 467 U.S. 649 (1984) Miranda rights Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council 467 U.S. 837 (1984) judicial review of the interpretation of statutes by government agencies Clark v. C.C.N.V. 468 U.S. 288 (1984) Right to sleep in public parks FCC v. League of Women Voters of California 468 U.S. 364 (1984) revert regulation on "editorializing" by government funded broadcasters Brown v. Hotel and Restaurant Employees 468 U.S. 491 (1984) New Jersey Casino Control Act was not preempted by the National Labor Relations Act Roberts v. United States Jaycees 468 U.S. 609 (1984) First Amendment freedom of association and excluding women as members of a private club Regan v. Time, Inc. 468 U.S. 641 (1984) artistic depictions of United States currency 艾伦诉赖特案 468 U.S. 737 (1984) standing to sue for executive action alleged to promote racial discrimination by third parties 美国诉里昂案 468 U.S. 897 (1984) search and seizure, "good faith" exception to exclusionary rule Mills Music, Inc v. Snyder 469 U.S. 153 (1985) assignme
.S. 737 (1984) standing to sue for executive action alleged to promote racial discrimination by third parties 美国诉里昂案 468 U.S. 897 (1984) search and seizure, "good faith" exception to exclusionary rule Mills Music, Inc v. Snyder 469 U.S. 153 (1985) assignment of royalties under the Copyright Act New Jersey v. T. L. O. 469 U.S. 325 (1985) search & seizure at a public high school Evitts v. Lucey 469 U.S. 387 (1985) effective assistance of counsel in appeals in criminal cases Wainwright v. Witt 469 U.S. 412 (1985) selection of jurors in death penalty cases United States v. Maine 469 U.S. 504 (1985) Long Island is an extension of the mainland and the bordering sounds are therefore under state regulatory control Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority 469 U.S. 528 (1985) application of minimum wage laws to state governments 阿克诉俄克拉何马州案 470 U.S. 68 (1985) right of the accused asserting insanity to a state-appointed psychiatrist Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. v. Byrd 470 U.S. 213 (1985) Arbitration clauses must be enforced even if bifurcated and inefficient proceedings result Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper 470 U.S. 274 (1985) residency requirements for membership in the state bar Oregon v. Elstad 470 U.S. 298 (1985) applying the exclusionary rule to violations of the Miranda rights Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill 470 U.S. 532 (1985) due process right of public employees to be heard before termination Winston v. Lee 470 U.S. 753 (1985) compelled surgical intrusion into an individual's body
o violations of the Miranda rights Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill 470 U.S. 532 (1985) due process right of public employees to be heard before termination Winston v. Lee 470 U.S. 753 (1985) compelled surgical intrusion into an individual's body for evidence violates suspect's Fourth Amendment rights 克勒诉钱尼案 470 U.S. 821 (1985) forcing the Food and Drug Administration to determine whether it is legal to use certain drugs for lethal injection Tennessee v. Garner 471 U.S. 1 (1985) Restriction on the use of deadly force as part of the Fleeing felon rule. Burger King v. Rudzewicz 471 U.S. 462 (1985) personal jurisdiction, "purposeful availment" Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises 471 U.S. 539 (1985) fair use of copyrighted material Landreth Timber Co. v. Landreth 471 U.S. 681 (1985) The Securities Act of 1933 and the "sale of business" doctrine Wallace v. Jaffree 472 U.S. 38 (1985) school sponsorship of voluntary religious observances Superintendent, Mass. Correctional Institute at Walpole v. Hill 472 U.S. 445 (1985) prison disciplinary decisions to revoke good-time credits must be supported by "some evidence" 麦克唐纳诉史密斯案 472 U.S. 479 (1985) Petition Clause of First Amendment does not provide absolute immunity to charges of defamation Brockett v. Spokane Arcades, Inc. 472 U.S. 491 (1985) regulation of adult bookstores Mitchell v. Forsyth 472 U.S. 511 (1985) civil liability for conducting warrantless wiretaps Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp. 472 U.S. 585 (1985) antitrust and alteration of
e Arcades, Inc. 472 U.S. 491 (1985) regulation of adult bookstores Mitchell v. Forsyth 472 U.S. 511 (1985) civil liability for conducting warrantless wiretaps Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp. 472 U.S. 585 (1985) antitrust and alteration of marketing cooperation agreement Thornton v. Caldor 472 U.S. 703 (1985) constitutionality of Sabbath laws Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. 472 U.S. 749 (1985) First Amendment, libel in credit reporting Dowling v. United States 473 U.S. 207 (1985) copyright infringement as theft 阿吉拉尔诉费尔顿案 473 U.S. 402 (1985) using federal funds to pay teachers in parochial schools under the Establishment Clause City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. 473 U.S. 432 (1985) equal protection for the mentally disabled United States v. Montoya de Hernandez 473 U.S. 531 (1985) constitutionality of body cavity searches at the border under the Fourth Amendment Thomas v. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co. 473 U.S. 568 (1985) Article III and the arbitration provisions of FIFRA 美国诉巴格利案 473 U.S. 667 (1985) prosecutors must disclose information useful for impeaching government witnesses under Brady v. Maryland 希思诉阿拉巴马州案 474 U.S. 82 (1985) the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment does not prevent one state from trying and punishing someone for an act for which he has already been convicted and sentenced by another state Witters v. Washington Department of Services For the Blind 474 U.S. 481 (1985) constitutionality of public aid paid directly to stud
e state from trying and punishing someone for an act for which he has already been convicted and sentenced by another state Witters v. Washington Department of Services For the Blind 474 U.S. 481 (1985) constitutionality of public aid paid directly to students of Christian colleges Vasquez v. Hillery 474 U.S. 254 (1986) race discrimination in selecting grand juries 卡巴纳诉布洛克案 474 U.S. 376 (1986) appellate courts may make the finding required by Enmund v. Florida in the first instance Nix v. Whiteside 475 U.S. 157 (1986) presentation of perjured testimony at a criminal trial; Sixth Amendment right to counsel Fisher v. City of Berkeley 475 U.S. 260 (1986) rent control ordinances and the Sherman Antitrust Act 戈德曼诉温伯格案 475 U.S. 503 (1986) religious headwear for military personnel under the Establishment Clause 密歇根诉杰克逊案 475 U.S. 625 (1986) suspect confessions and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps 475 U.S. 767 (1986) First Amendment constraints on libel actions; private-figure plaintiffs must show falsity of statements 巴特森诉肯塔基州案 476 U.S. 79 (1986) peremptory challenge, racial discrimination Poland v. Arizona 476 U.S. 147 (1986) reimposing the death penalty after the underlying murder conviction has been vacated California v. Ciraolo 476 U.S. 206 (1986) naked-eye aerial observation of defendant's backyard by police does not violate the Fourth Amendment Dow Chemical Co. v. United States 476 U.S. 227 (1986) aerial photography of industrial facilities by the EPA does not violate Fo
iraolo 476 U.S. 206 (1986) naked-eye aerial observation of defendant's backyard by police does not violate the Fourth Amendment Dow Chemical Co. v. United States 476 U.S. 227 (1986) aerial photography of industrial facilities by the EPA does not violate Fourth Amendment--decided same day as Ciraolo Brown-Forman Distillers Corp. v. New York State Liquor Authority 476 U.S. 573 (1986) price controls on alcoholic beverages and the Commerce Clause 鲍文诉罗伊案 476 U.S. 693 (1986) freedom of religion and Social Security numbers Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 476 U.S. 747 (1986) requiring "informed consent" before an abortion Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson 477 U.S. 57 (1986) "hostile work environment" as sexual harassment 麦克米兰诉宾夕法尼亚州案 477 U.S. 79 (1986) mandatory minimum sentences are not elements of crimes subject to proof beyond a reasonable doubt 缅因州诉泰勒案 477 U.S. 131 (1986) exception to Dormant Commerce Clause Anderson v. Liberty Lobby 477 U.S. 242 (1986) standard for summary judgment Celotex Corp. v. Catrett 477 U.S. 317 (1986) standard for summary judgment 福特诉温赖特案 477 U.S. 399 (1986) competence to be executed Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court 478 U.S. 1 (1986) First Amendment free press guarantee and the right to a transcript of a preliminary hearing 鲍尔斯诉哈德威克案 478 U.S. 186 (1986) sodomy and substantive due process; overruled by Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico 478 U.S. 328 (1986) Central Hudson test and First Amendment c
a preliminary hearing 鲍尔斯诉哈德威克案 478 U.S. 186 (1986) sodomy and substantive due process; overruled by Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico 478 U.S. 328 (1986) Central Hudson test and First Amendment commercial speech 艾伦诉伊利诺斯州案 478 U.S. 364 (1986) statements made in civil commitment proceedings for sex offenders are not subject to the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination Bethel School District v. Fraser 478 U.S. 675 (1986) censorship of obscene speech at a school assembly Bowsher v. Synar 478 U.S. 714 (1986) Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act, office of Comptroller General, separation of powers Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson 478 U.S. 804 (1986) Federal courts cannot claim original jurisdiction for violation of a statute which does not provide a private cause of action Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor 478 U.S. 833 (1986) Jurisdiction of Article I and Article III tribunals, waiver of Article III jurisdiction 美国最高法院案例列表 各时期列表 案例总表 (1789年至今) 马歇尔之前 (1789–1800)  · 马歇尔时期 (1801年–1835年)  · 托尼时期 (1836–1864)  · 蔡斯时期 (1864–1873)  · 韦特时期 (1874–1888)  · 富勒时期 (1888–1910)  · 怀特时期 (1910–1921)  · 塔夫脱时期 (1921–1930)  · 休斯时期 (1930–1941)  · 斯通时期 (1941–1946)  · 文森时期 (1946–1953)  · 沃伦时期 (1953–1969)  · (1969–1986)  · 伦奎斯特时期 (1986–2005)  · 罗伯茨时期 (2005–present) 完整列表 美国最高法院判例汇编案例列表 ( United States Reports ) By recent term 2000  · 2001  · 2002  · 2003 &
bsp; · 斯通时期 (1941–1946)  · 文森时期 (1946–1953)  · 沃伦时期 (1953–1969)  · (1969–1986)  · 伦奎斯特时期 (1986–2005)  · 罗伯茨时期 (2005–present) 完整列表 美国最高法院判例汇编案例列表 ( United States Reports ) By recent term 2000  · 2001  · 2002  · 2003  · 2004  · 2005  · 2006  · 2007  · 2008  · 2009  · 2010  · 2011 其他列表 著名案例  · 第一宪法修正案案例  · 印第安人案例 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼 伯格曼 伯格曼 或 贝格曼 （Bergman）可以指： 伯格曼 (电影) 伯格曼 (姓氏) 伯格曼 (阿肯色州) 英格玛·伯格曼 （Ingmar Bergman） 英格丽·褒曼 （Ingrid Bergman） This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼MG15nA輕機槍 伯格曼MG15nA轻机枪 MG15nA 类型 轻机枪 原产地   德意志帝国 服役记录 参与战争／冲突 第一次世界大战 生产历史 研发者 西奥多·伯格曼和 路易斯·施迈瑟 研发日期 1910年 生产日期 1916—1919年 制造数量 约5,000挺 基本规格 重量 12.9千克（28磅） 长度 1,120 mm（44寸） 枪管 长度 726 mm（28.6寸） 子弹 7.92×57毫米毛瑟弹 枪机 短行程反冲 发射模式 全自动 射速 500—600发／分钟 枪口初速 890 m/s（2,900 ft/s） 有效射程 >2,000米（2,200 yd） 供弹方式 100、200、250发金属弹链 瞄具 铁制 机械瞄具 伯格曼MG 15 是1915年的MG 15 n.A.轻机枪在 第一次世界大战 期间的生产型号。它使用100或200发的弹链供弹。此枪也装有两脚架以使射击更精准。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼 (姓氏) 伯格曼 (姓氏) 伯格曼 或者 贝格曼 （Bergmann, Bergman）可以指： This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼 (电影) 伯格曼 (电影) Borgman 电影海报 基本资料 导演 Alex van Warmerdam 编剧 Alex van Warmerdam 主演 Jan Bijvoet 摄影 Tom Erisman 片长 113 分钟 产地 荷兰 语言 荷兰语 上映及发行 上映日期 2013年5月19日  ( 2013-05-19 ) （ 戛纳 ） 2013年8月29日  ( 2013-08-29 ) （荷兰） 发行商 Cinéart Drafthouse Films Films We Like in Toronto 各地片名 中国大陆 伯格曼 香港 玩残玩谢玩到底 台湾 该死的中产阶级 《 该死的中产阶级 》( Borgman ) 是2013年 荷兰 导演亚历斯·冯·华麦丹执导的一部充满怪诞色彩的惊悚片。入围 第66届戛纳电影节 主竞赛单元 [ 1 ] ，为近38年来首部入围戛纳影展主竞赛单元的荷兰影片 [ 2 ] ；后来又进入2013年 多伦多电影节 先锋单位展映 [ 3 ] 。荷兰于2013年8月29日上映，本片代表荷兰角逐 第86届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳外语片 [ 4 ] 。 ^ 2013 Official Selection . Cannes. 18 April 2013 [ 18 April 2013] . （原始内容 存档 于2017-02-11）.   ^ 66届戛纳电影节 展映电影看点前瞻 . pclady. 2013-05-16. （ 原始内容 存档于2014-02-22）.   ^ Borgman . TIFF. [ 2013-08-11 ] . （ 原始内容 存档于2013-08-03）.   ^ Netherlands enters Borgman into Oscar race . Screendaily. [ 2013-09-13 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2013-10-21）.   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼 (阿肯色州) 伯格曼 (阿肯色州) 伯格曼 城镇 坐标： 36°18′46″N 93°00′40″W ﻿ / ﻿ 36.31278°N 93.01111°W ﻿ / 36.31278; -93.01111 国家 美国 州份 阿肯色州 县 布恩县 面积  •  总计 3.38 平方公里（1.31 平方英里）  • 陆地 3.38 平方公里（1.31 平方英里）  • 水域 0.00 平方公里（0.00 平方英里） 海拔 369 米（1,211 英尺） 人口 （ 2020年美国人口普查 ）  • 总计 426人  •  密度 126人/平方公里（325人/平方英里） 时区 CST （ UTC-6 ）  •  夏时制 CDT（ UTC-5 ） 美国邮区编号 72615 电话区号 870 地名信息系统 ID 076306 [ 1 ] 伯格曼 （英语： Bergman ）是一个位于 美国 阿肯色州 布恩县 的 城镇 。根据 2020年美国人口普查 ，该地人口为426人，而该地的面积约为3.38平方千米。 [ 2 ] ^ Bergman . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey .   ^ American FactFinder . 美国人口调查局 . [ 2011-05-14 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2013-09-11）.   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼法则 伯格曼法则 伯格曼法则 又译为 贝格曼法则 （英语： Bergmann's rule ）是 动物学 中广泛接受的一种规律，指同一种类 恒温动物 的体形会随着生活地区 纬度 或 海拔 的增高而变大 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] 。比如生活于 北极 地区的 北极熊 就比其他地区的 熊 类体形更庞大。该定律是以19世纪 德国 生物学家 卡尔·伯格曼 的名字命名的。 也有研究发现，有些 昆虫 类群个体大小随纬度升高而增加，符合伯格曼法则 [ 3 ] 。 反伯格曼法则 则认为随着纬度升高，生长季缩短，动物的发育时间相应减少，因而生物体型会变短变小 [ 3 ] 。 ^ Bergmann C. Über die Verhältnisse der Wärmeökonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse. Gottinger Studien: 595– 708.   ^ Shelomi, M. Where are we now? Bergmann's rule sensu lato in insects. . The American naturalist. 2012-10, 180 (4): 511–9. PMID 22976013 .   ^ 3.0 3.1 引用错误：没有为名为 biods.2015076 的参考文献提供内容 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼环化反应 伯格曼环化反应 Bergman环化反应 （伯格曼环化反应），又称 Bergman反应 ； Bergman芳构化反应 共轭的 烯二炔 通过分子内 环化 生成1,4- 苯 双自由基（对苯炔）或其类似物的一类环化反应。 [ 1 ] 这个反应是由美国化学家 Robert George Bergman（1942年－）在 1972 年发现的。 启动反应的关键反应条件是加热或者光照。第一步烯二炔环化为苯双自由基的反应是一个典型的可逆 电环化反应 ，一般产生的苯双自由基接下来与反应体系中氢供体（如 1,4-环己二烯 ）作用，产生苯的衍生物，1,4-环己二烯则转化为 芳香性 的苯。但是如果反应体系中不存在氢供体，那么就很容易发生自由基之间的偶联反应。 反应中如果用 四氯化碳 处理产生的双自由基，则产物将是 对二氯苯 的衍生物。如果用 甲醇 ，则得 苄醇 的衍生物。 理论上所有包含共轭烯二炔结构的底物都有可能发生 Bergman 环化反应，但实际上各种底物的反应性随着两个炔基之间距离的不同而有很大的差别。 Nicolaou [ 2 ] 提出两个炔外端碳原子的距离（cd值）越小时环化越容易进行，而且距离在 3.20～3.31 Å 之间时反应才会在室温下进行。例如，1,2-二(二苯基膦基乙炔基)苯经过与 Pd 2+ 配位后，发生环化反应的温度可以大大降低。类似也可推测出环状的共轭烯二炔比非环烯二炔更容易发生环化。例如，下图所示的环癸-3-烯-1,5-二炔在 37 °C 的较低温度下即可发生 Bergman 环化。 Bergman 环化是具有共轭 烯二炔 骨架结构的抗癌抗菌素类化合物（如刺孢霉素、esperamicin）生物活性机制的重要一步。这类物质都有特定的结构特点，它以共轭烯二炔结构为骨架，一个可以激活并启动自由基反应的基团（如 多硫化物 ）作为启动基团，较大张力结构以抑活，作为保险机制，以及抑制活性的一部分如寡糖链，以稳定活性中心。其作用机制为启动基团产生的亲核试剂对张力结构进行 麦克尔加成 ，使 β-碳构型发生改变，从而使活性中心产生苯双自由基，然后自由基从 DNA 链上夺取氢原子，从而造成DNA不可修复的损伤。天然存在的共轭烯二炔具有很强的抗癌抗菌生理活性，但因其不稳定且具有毒性，临床上应用较少。目前如何设计并合成出具有生理活性、低毒、稳定的共轭烯二炔化合物，是研究者追求的目标，其中核心结构共轭烯二炔的合成已经有很大的进展。 吉妥单抗 即是这样的药物之一。 [ 3 ] 为了解释海洋天然产物 sporolides 中氯苯结构的生成，有研究者认为该结构是以氯化物盐类作为氯源合成的。这个机理得到实验的支持。有人用如下环状共轭烯二炔在 37 °C 发生 Bergman 环化（速控步，一级），并用 溴化锂 作为卤源捕获中间体苯双自由基，经过一个极不稳定的芳基负离子中间体，它再从 乙酸 或溶剂 二甲基亚砜 中夺取质子，成功得到了一个卤苯衍生物。 [ 4 ] [ 5 ] ^ Richard R. Jones, Robert G. Bergman. p -Benzyne. Generation as an intermediate in a thermal isomerization reaction and trapping evidence for the 1,4-benzenediyl structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94 (2): 660–661. doi:10.1021/ja00757a071 .   ^ K. C. Nicolaou, Y. Ogawa
, Robert G. Bergman. p -Benzyne. Generation as an intermediate in a thermal isomerization reaction and trapping evidence for the 1,4-benzenediyl structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94 (2): 660–661. doi:10.1021/ja00757a071 .   ^ K. C. Nicolaou, Y. Ogawa, G. Zuccarello, E. J. Schweiger, T. Kumazawa. Cyclic conjugated enediynes related to calicheamicins and esperamicins: calculations, synthesis, and properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110 (14): 4866–4868. doi:10.1021/ja00222a077 .   ^ Luca Banfi, Andrea Basso, Giuseppe Guanti, and Renata Riva. Design and synthesis of heterocycle fused enediyne prodrugs activable at will (PDF) . Arkivoc. 2006,. HL-1786GR: 261–275.   ^ Charles L. Perrin, Betsy L. Rodgers, and Joseph M. O'Connor. Nucleophilic Addition to a p -Benzyne Derived from an Enediyne: A New Mechanism for Halide Incorporation into Biomolecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129 (15): 4795–4799. doi:10.1021/ja070023e .   ^ Stu Borman. New Route For Halide Addition - Reaction allows nucleophilic halide anion addition to aromatic rings . Chemical & Engineering News . 2007-04-02 [ 2009-10-03 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2007-09-29）.   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格曼空间 伯格曼空间 在 复分析 、 泛函分析 和 算子理论 中， 伯格曼空间 （英语： Bergman space ）是指在复平面的某个区域 D 内的全纯函数空间，这些函数在边界处足够良好，以至于它们是绝对可积的，该空间以 斯蒂芬·伯格曼 （Stefan Bergman）的名字命名。具体来说，对于 0 < p < ∞ ，伯格曼空间 A p ( D ) 是指在区域 D 内所有范数有限的 全纯函数 f 所组成的空间： ‖ f ‖ A p ( D ) := ( ∫ D | f ( x + i y ) | p d x d y ) 1 / p < ∞ . {\displaystyle \|f\|_{A^{p}(D)}:=\left(\int _{D}|f(x+iy)|^{p}\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\right)^{1/p}<\infty .} ‖ f ‖ A p ( D ) {\displaystyle \|f\|_{A^{p}(D)}} 是函数 f 的范数。当 p ≥ 1 {\displaystyle p\geq 1} 时，其为真正的范数（即满足范数的所有条件）。伯格曼空间 A p ( D ) 是所有位于 L p 空间 中的全纯函数的子空间，并且是 巴拿赫空间 。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格森峰 伯格森峰 伯格森峰 （英语： Bergison Peak ）是 南极洲 的山峰，坐标 78°51′14.3″S 85°47′24″W ，位于 埃尔斯沃思地 ，属于 埃尔斯沃思山脉 中 巴斯蒂安山脉 的一部分，海拔高度2,000米（6,560英尺），北面是 卡拉苏拉冰川 ，现时由 南极条约体系 管理。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格氏砂鰩 伯格氏砂鳐 伯格氏砂鳐 保护状况 无危 （ IUCN 3.1 ） [ 1 ] 科学分类 界： 动物界 Animalia 门： 脊索动物门 Chordata 纲： 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes 目： 鳐目 Rajiformes 属： 单鳍鳐科 Arhynchobatidae 属： 砂鳐属 Psammobatis 种： 伯格氏砂鳐 P. bergi 二名法 Psammobatis bergi Marini, 1932 伯格氏砂鳐 （ 学名 ： Psammobatis bergi ），为 软骨鱼纲 鳐目 单鳍鳐科 砂鳐属 的一 种 [ 2 ] ，分布于西南 大西洋 巴西 、 乌拉圭 及 阿根廷 海域，深度360至731米，体长可达47.5公分，栖息在深海软底质海域，为底栖性鱼类，属肉食性，卵生, 生活习性不明。 ^ Pollom, R.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cuevas, J.M.; Herman, K.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Motta, F.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. Psammobatis bergi . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020, 2020 : e.T44582A2996098 [ 17 November 2021] . doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44582A2996098.en .   ^ Psammobatis bergi at www.fishbase.org. This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格氏麗脂鯉 伯格氏丽脂鲤 伯格氏丽脂鲤 保护状况 未予评估 （ IUCN 3.1 ） 科学分类 界： 动物界 Animalia 门： 脊索动物门 Chordata 纲： 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri 目： 脂鲤目 Characiformes 科： 脂鲤科 Characidae 属： 丽脂鲤属 Astyanax 种： 伯格氏丽脂鲤 A. burgerai 二名法 Astyanax burgerai Zanata & Camelier, 2009 伯格氏丽脂鲤 ，为 辐鳍鱼纲 脂鲤目 脂鲤亚目 脂鲤科 的其中一个 种 ，为热带淡水鱼，分布于 南美洲 巴西 Almada河流域，体长可达5.4公分，栖息在底中层水域，生活习性不明。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格泰 伯格泰 伯格泰 Bögöte 坐标： 47°05′17″N 17°02′34″E ﻿ / ﻿ 47.08802°N 17.04271°E ﻿ / 47.08802; 17.04271 国家 匈牙利 州 沃什州 面积  •  总计 20.74 平方公里（8.01 平方英里） 人口 （2010年）  • 总计 312人  •  密度 15.0人/平方公里（39人/平方英里） 时区 CET （ UTC+1 ）  •  夏时制 CEST （ UTC+2 ） 预览警告： 页面使用了Template:Infobox settlement不存在的参数"longEW" 预览警告： 页面使用了Template:Infobox settlement不存在的参数"latNS" 伯格泰 （匈牙利语： Bögöte ），是 匈牙利 沃什州 所辖的一个村，总面积20.74平方公里，总人口312，人口密度15.0人/平方公里（2010年1月1日）。 [ 1 ] ^ Helységnévk?nyv adattár 2011 (magyar nyelven) (XLS). KSH, 2010.1.1 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格爾岩 伯格尔岩 伯格尔岩 （英语： Bergel Rock ）是 南极洲 的岩石，位于 昆塔纳岛 以南1.9公里，属于 威廉群岛 的一部分，由 英国 南极名称咨询委员会命名，现时由 南极条约体系 管理。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格爾峰 伯格尔峰 伯格尔峰 （英语： Boeger Peak ）是 南极洲 的山峰，位于 玛丽伯德地 ，处于 里奇满峰 以西4公里，海拔高度3,070米， 美国地质调查局 根据测量和 美国海军 拍摄的空中照片绘入地图，现时由 南极条约体系 管理。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格特 伯格特 伯格特 Bögöt 坐标： 47°15′13″N 16°49′45″E ﻿ / ﻿ 47.25353°N 16.82906°E ﻿ / 47.25353; 16.82906 国家 匈牙利 州 沃什州 面积  •  总计 4.99 平方公里（1.93 平方英里） 人口 （2010年）  • 总计 388人  •  密度 77.8人/平方公里（202人/平方英里） 时区 CET （ UTC+1 ）  •  夏时制 CEST （ UTC+2 ） 预览警告： 页面使用了Template:Infobox settlement不存在的参数"longEW" 预览警告： 页面使用了Template:Infobox settlement不存在的参数"latNS" 伯格特 （匈牙利语： Bögöt ），是 匈牙利 沃什州 所辖的一个村，总面积4.99平方公里，总人口388，人口密度77.8人/平方公里（2010年1月1日）。 [ 1 ] ^ Helységnévk?nyv adattár 2011 (magyar nyelven) (XLS). KSH, 2010.1.1 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格的女儿 伯格的女儿 伯格的女儿 作者 纳丁·戈迪默 类型 历史小说, 政治小说 语言 英语 故事背景 地点 欧洲   出版信息 出版机构 Jonathan Cape (英国) 维京出版社 (美国) 出版日期 1979-06 (英国) 1979-10 (美国) 出版地 英国 媒介 纸质书，电子书，有声书 页数 364 (精装版) 所获奖项 中央通讯社文学奖 规范控制 ISBN 978-0-224-01690-2 OCLC 5834280 《 伯格的女儿 》（ Burger's Daughter ）是 南非 诺贝尔文学奖 得主 纳丁·戈迪默 所创作的一部政治 历史小说 。该小说讲述了南非白人反对 种族隔离 ，志在推翻南非政府的故事。故事背景设定在20世纪10年代中期，聚焦于主人公罗莎·伯格 (Rosa Burger) 的生活。罗莎和她的父亲莱昂内尔·伯格 (Lionel Burger) 都是 南非共产党 （SACP) 的积极分子。故事深植于南非反对种族隔离的历史，并广泛参考了当时的真实事件和人物，如 纳尔逊·曼德拉 以及1976年的 索韦托起义 。《伯格的女儿》于1979年6月由乔纳森·凯普出版社在英国出版。然而，由于其政治敏感性，南非出版管制委员会在7月下令禁止该书的进口和销售。不过，三个月后，出版物上诉委员会推翻该禁令，解除了对该书的限制。 这部小说以其独特的叙事风格而著称，通过不同的叙述角度展开故事，包括罗莎的 内心独白 （通常是对她的父亲或她的情人康拉德的思考），以及全知视角这两个叙事角度。 戈迪默本人积极参与南非的政治斗争，并结识了许多活动人士，其中包括布拉姆·费舍尔——曼德拉叛国审判中的辩护律师。小说中的伯格家族被视为对费舍尔家族的一种映射，《伯格的女儿》则被认为是戈迪默对费舍尔本人的一种“隐晦的敬意” [ 1 ] 。尽管这本书曾在南非被禁止出版，但仍有人秘密将其传递给了在 罗本岛 牢房里的曼德拉，他对这本书给予了“高度评价” [ 2 ] 。 该小说在众评论家中广受好评。 《纽约时报》 称，《伯格的女儿》是戈迪默“最具有政治色彩，但也是最感人的小说” [ 3 ] 。《 纽约书评 》描述其叙事风格为“文笔优雅”，“字字珠玑”且“颇有上流社会之致” [ 4 ] 。《哈德逊评论》的一位评论家表示，对这本书的看法十分复杂，“它没有给阅读带来任何乐趣，但读过之后，心情却很愉悦” [ 5 ] 。1980年，《伯格的女儿》荣获中央通讯社文学奖。 ^ Wästberg, Per. " Nadine Gordimer and the South African Experience " . NobelPrize.org . 2001-04-26 [ 2023-12-18 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2023-12-15） （美国英语） .   ^ Gordimer, Nadine. " Nadine Gordimer's key note speech – Amnesty International Ambassador of Conscience Award, Nelson Mandela " . Novel Rights . [ 2023-12-18 ] . （ 原始内容 存档于2014-03-09） （美国英语） .   ^ Sampson, Anthony. " Heroism in South Africa " . 纽约时报 . 1979-08-19 [ 2024-02-07 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2023-12-19）.   ^ 康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩 . " Wa
Ambassador of Conscience Award, Nelson Mandela " . Novel Rights . [ 2023-12-18 ] . （ 原始内容 存档于2014-03-09） （美国英语） .   ^ Sampson, Anthony. " Heroism in South Africa " . 纽约时报 . 1979-08-19 [ 2024-02-07 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2023-12-19）.   ^ 康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩 . " Waiting for Revolution " . 纽约书评. 1979-10-25 [ 2024-02-07 ] . （原始内容 存档 于2023-12-19） （英语） .   ^ Epstein, Joseph. " Too Much Even of Kreplach " . The Hudson Review . 1980, 33 (1): 97–110 [ 2024-02-07 ] . doi:10.2307/3850722 . （原始内容 存档 于2023-12-19）.   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格維爾 伯格维尔 伯格维尔 是 南非 的城镇，位于该国东北部，由 夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省 负责管辖，面积2.53平方公里，海拔高度1,111米，每年平均降雨量643毫米，2001年人口702，人口密度每平方公里280人。 This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格維爾 (明尼蘇達州) 伯格维尔 (明尼苏达州) 伯格维尔 Bergville 非建制地区 伯格维尔 伯格维尔在明尼苏达州的位置 坐标： 47°47′15″N 94°15′52″W ﻿ / ﻿ 47.78750°N 94.26444°W ﻿ / 47.78750; -94.26444 国家 美国 州份 明尼苏达州 县 艾塔斯卡县 镇区 阿登赫斯特镇区 海拔 430 米（1,411 英尺） 时区 CST （ UTC-6 ）  •  夏时制 CDT（ UTC-5 ） 邮区编号 56661 电话区号 218 GNIS ID 655339 [ 1 ] 伯格维尔 （英语： Bergville ）是位于 美国 明尼苏达州 艾塔斯卡县 阿登赫斯特镇区 的一个 非建制地区 。 ^ Bergville . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey .   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格蘭 (密歇根州) 伯格兰 (密歇根州) 伯格兰 Bergland 普查规定居民点 伯格兰 伯格兰在密歇根州的位置 坐标： 46°35′32″N 89°39′24″W ﻿ / ﻿ 46.59222°N 89.65667°W ﻿ / 46.59222; -89.65667 国家 美国 州份 密歇根州 县 昂托纳贡县 镇区 伯格兰镇区 面积  •  总计 2.70 平方公里（1.04 平方英里）  • 陆地 1.89 平方公里（0.73 平方英里）  • 水域 0.81 平方公里（0.31 平方英里） 海拔 405 米（1,329 英尺） 人口 （ 2020 ） [ 1 ]  • 总计 141人  •  密度 52.2人/平方公里（135人/平方英里） 时区 EST （ UTC-5 ）  •  夏时制 EDT（ UTC-4 ） 邮区编号 49910 电话区号 906 GNIS ID 2806348 [ 2 ] 伯格兰 （英语： Bergland ）是位于 美国 密歇根州 昂托纳贡县 伯格兰镇区 的一个 普查规定居民点 。 ^ 引用错误：没有为名为 CenPopGazetteer2020 的参考文献提供内容 ^ Bergland . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey .   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
伯格蘭鎮區 (密歇根州) 伯格兰镇区 (密歇根州) 伯格兰镇区 Bergland Township 行政镇区 伯格兰镇区 伯格兰镇区在密歇根州的位置 坐标： 46°34′35″N 89°36′33″W ﻿ / ﻿ 46.57639°N 89.60917°W ﻿ / 46.57639; -89.60917 国家 美国 州份 密歇根州 县 昂托纳贡县 面积  •  总计 280.30 平方公里（108.22 平方英里）  • 陆地 255.10 平方公里（98.49 平方英里）  • 水域 25.20 平方公里（9.73 平方英里） 海拔 405 米（1,329 英尺） 人口 （ 2020 ） [ 1 ]  • 总计 438人  •  密度 1.56人/平方公里（4.05人/平方英里） 时区 EST （ UTC-5 ）  •  夏时制 EDT（ UTC-4 ） 邮区编号 49910 电话区号 906 GNIS ID 1625921 伯格兰镇区 （英语： Bergland Township ）是位于 美国 密歇根州 昂托纳贡县 的一个 行政镇区 。 ^ QuickFacts . 2020 United States Census . United States Census Bureau . [ 2021-09-14 ] .   This article is issued from Wikipedia . The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.