اقتصاد سوسیالیستی، اقتصاد جامعه‌خواه، اقتصاد جامعه‌محور یا اقتصاد جامعه‌گرا (به انگلیسی:Socialist economics) شامل نظریه‌های اقتصادی، شیوه‌ها و هنجارهای نظام‌های اقتصادی سوسیالیستی فرضی و موجود است. یک سیستم اقتصادی سوسیالیستی با مالکیت اجتماعی و بهره‌برداری از ابزار تولید مشخص می‌شودArnold, N. Scott (1998). "The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism: A Critical Study". Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 8. "What else does a socialist economic system involve? Those who favor socialism generally speak of social ownership, social control, or socialization of the means of production as the distinctive positive feature of a socialist economic system." و ممکن است به شکل تعاونی‌های خودمختار یا مالکیت مستقیم عمومی (دولتی) باشد که در آن تولید مستقیماً به هدف استفاده و نه به جای سود (بر خلاف سرمایه‌داری) انجام می‌شود.Arneson, Richard J. (April 1992). "Is Socialism Dead? A Comment on Market Socialism and Basic Income Capitalism". "Ethics". 102 (3) pp. 485–511.Lawler, James; Ollman, Bertell; Schweickart, David; Ticktin, Hillel (1998). "The Difference Between Marxism and Market Socialism". "Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists". New York; London: Routledge. pp. 61–63. . "More fundamentally, a socialist society must be one in which the economy is run on the principle of the direct satisfaction of human needs. [...] Exchange-value, prices and so money are goals in themselves in a capitalist society or in any market. There is no necessary connection between the accumulation of capital or sums of money and human welfare. Under conditions of backwardness, the spur of money and the accumulation of wealth has led to a massive growth in industry and technology. [...] It seems an odd argument to say that a capitalist will only be efficient in producing use-value of a good quality when trying to make more money than the next capitalist. It would seem easier to rely on the planning of use-values in a rational way, which because there is no duplication, would be produced more cheaply and be of a higher quality. [...] Although money, and so monetary calculation, will disappear in socialism this does not mean that there will no longer be any need to make choices, evaluations and calculations. [...] Wealth will be produced and distributed in its natural form of useful things, of objects that can serve to satisfy some human need or other. Not being produced for sale on a market, items of wealth will not acquire an exchange-value in addition to their use-value. In socialism their value, in the normal non-economic sense of the word, will not be their selling price nor the time needed to produce them but their usefulness. It is for this that they will be appreciated, evaluated, wanted and produced."" نظام‌های سوسیالیستی که از بازارها برای تخصیص کالاهای سرمایه ای و نهاده‌های تولید در بین واحدهای اقتصادی استفاده می‌کنند، سوسیالیسم بازار نامیده می‌شوند. هنگامی که برنامه‌ریزی اقتصادی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد، سیستم اقتصادی به عنوان یک اقتصاد برنامه‌ریزی شده سوسیالیستی تعیین می‌شود. اشکال غیر بازاری سوسیالیسم معمولاً شامل یک سیستم حسابداری مبتنی بر محاسبه در نوع () برای ارزش گذاری منابع و کالاها می‌باشد.Lawler, James; Ollman, Bertell; Schweickart, David; Ticktin, Hillel (1998). "The Difference Between Marxism and Market Socialism". "Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists". New York; London: Routledge. pp. 60–64. .