نظام سوسیالیستی، جمهوری سوسیالیستی، کشور سوسیالیستی یا حکومت سوسیالیستی که گاهی با عناوین حکومت کارگری یا جمهوری کارگری هم شناخته‌می‌شود، یک دولت مستقل است که بر طبق قانون اساسی متعهد به استقرار سوسیالیسم می‌باشد. اصطلاح دولت کمونیستی در غرب به‌صورت مترادف با آن به کار می‌رود، به‌ویژه هنگامی که به دولت‌های سوسیالیستی تک‌حزبی که توسط احزاب کمونیستی مارکسیست–لنینیست اداره می‌شوند و در روند ساخت سوسیالیسم و پیشرفت به سمت جامعه کمونیستی می‌روند، اشاره می‌شود. این کشورها هرگز خود را کمونیست و یا جامعه کمونیستی توصیف نمی‌کنند. علاوه بر این، تعدادی از کشورهایی که دولت سرمایه‌داری چندحزبی هستند در قوانین اساسی خود به سوسیالیسم پرداخته و به ساخت جامعه سوسیالیستی اشاره می‌‎کنند. بعضی هم با گنجاندن عباراتی نظیر جمهوری خلق یا جمهوری سوسیالیستی در نام کامل کشورشان سعی دارند خود را حکومتی بر مبنای سوسیالیسم بنامند اما این هنجارها لزوماً نشان‌دهنده ساختار و سیستم‌های سیاسی و اقتصادی این کشورها نیست. اکنون برخی از این کشورها شامل الجزایر،Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (28 November 1996): "Gathered in the national movement and later within the National Front of Liberation, the Algerian people have made great sacrifices to assume their collective destiny in the framework of recovered freedom and cultural identity and to build authentic people's democratic constitutional institutions. The National Front of Liberation crowned the sacrifices of the best sons of Algeria during the people's war of liberation with independence and built a modern and full sovereign State". بنگلادش،Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (4 November 1972): "Further pledging that it shall be a fundamental aim of the State to realise through the democratic process, a socialist society free from exploitation, a society in which the rule of law, fundamental human rights and freedoms, equality and justice, political, economic and social, will be secured for all citizens". گویان،Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana (20 February 1980): "Convinced that the organisation of the State and society on socialist principles is the only means of ensuring social and economic justice for all of the people of Guyana; and, therefore, being motivated and guided by the principles of socialism". هند،Article Preamble, Section Preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of India (26 November 1949): "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens". نپال،Article 4, Section 1 of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (20 September 2015): "Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive democratic, socialism-oriented federal democratic republican state". نیکاراگوئه،Article 5, Section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua (1 January 1987): "Liberty, justice, respect for the dignity of the human person, political and social pluralism, the recognition of the distinct identity of the indigenous peoples and those of African descent within the framework of a unitary and indivisible state, the recognition of different forms of property, free international cooperation and respect for the free self-determination of peoples, Christian values, socialist ideals, and practices based on solidarity, and the values and ideals of the Nicaraguan culture and identity, are the principles of the Nicaraguan nation. [...] The socialist ideals promote the common good over individual egoism, seeking to create an ever more inclusive, just and fair society, promoting an economic democracy which redistributes national wealth and eliminates exploitation among human beings". سری‌لانکاArticle Preamble, Section Preamble of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (7 September 1978): "[T]o constitute Sri Lanka into a democratic socialist republic whilst ratifying the immutable republican principles of representative democracy, and assuring to all peoples freedom, equality, justice, fundamental human rights and the independence of the judiciary". و تانزانیاArticle 3, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania (25 April 1978): "The United Republic is a democratic, secular and socialist state which adheres to multi-party democracy". می‌شوند.