mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Age, maturation, and population structure of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zones

Age, maturation and population structure of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas were studied based on random sampling of the Chinese jigging fishery off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) during 2008-2010. Estimated ages ranged from 144 to 633 days, confirming that the squid is a short-lived species with longevity no longer than 2 years. Occurrence of mature females and hatching in each month indicated that Humboldt squid spawned year-round. Back-calculated hatching dates for the samples were from January 22 ~(nd), 2008 to April 22~(nd), 2010 with a peak between January and March. Two size-based and two hatching date-based populations could be defined from mantle length (ML) at maturity and back-calculated hatching dates, respectively. Females matured at a larger size than males, and there was a significant difference in ML at maturity between the two hatching groups (P <0.05). The waters adjacent to 11°S off the Peruvian EEZ may be a potential spawning ground. This study shows the complexity of the population structure and large variability in key life history parameters in the Humboldt squid off the Peruvian EEZ, which should be considered in the assessment and management of this important resource.
Retreived bacteria from Noctiluca miliaris (green) bloom of the northeastern Arabian Sea

In recent years, seasonal blooms of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca miliaris have appeared in the open-waters of the northern Arabian Sea (NAS). This study provides the first characterization of bacteria from a seasonal bloom of green Noctiluca of NAS (20°N-17°N and 64°E-70°E), during the spring-inter-monsoon cruise of Sagar Sampada 253, in March 2007. Bacterial growth as assessed by most-probable number (MPN) and plate counts, revealed 'variable-physiotypes’ over a wide range of salinities (0%-25% w/v NaCl), pH levels (5-8.5), and organic nutrient strengths, in comparison to non-bloom waters. MPN indices of bacteria in surface waters of bloom stations * DWK and * PRB, corresponded to (3.08-4.41)×10~3 cells/mL at 3.5% NaCl (w/v), and (2.82-9.49)×10~2 cells/mL at 25% (w/v) NaCl in tryptone-yeast extract broth (TYE). Plate counts were (1.12-4)×10~6 CFU/mL at 0% (w/v) NaCl, (1.28-3.9)×10~6 CFU/mL at 3.5% (w/v) NaCl, and (0.4- 7)×10~4 CFU/mL at 25% NaCl (w/v) on TYE. One-tenth-strength Zobell’s gave (0.6-3.74)×10~5 CFU/mL at pH 5 to (3.58-7.5)×10~5 CFU/mL at pH 8.5. These bacteria were identified to the genera Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Staphylococcus, Planococcus, Dietzia, Virgibacillus, Micrococcus, Sporosarcinae, Leucobacter, and Halomonas. The identity of three strains (GUFBSS253N2, GUFBSS253N30, and GUFBSS253N84) was confirmed through 16S rDNA sequence homology as Bacillus cohnii, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus cereus. The ~2-3-fold higher plate counts of culturable bacteria from the open-waters of the NAS indicate that these bacteria could critically determine the biogeochemical dynamics of the bloom and its milieu. The role of these bacteria in sustaining/terminating the bloom is under evaluation.
刺苋的化学成分研究

目的研究刺苋Amaranthus spinosus 的化学成分。方法采用大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS 柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到了16个化合物,分别鉴定为香草醛(1)、丁香醛(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(4)、对羟基苯甲醛(5)、2-羟基苯并噻唑(6)、丁香脂素(7)、hydroxydihydrobovolide(8)、黑麦草内酯(9)、蚱蜢酮(10)、棕榈酸甘油酯(11)、反式阿魏酸酰对羟基苯乙胺(12)、菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯苷(14)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(15)、芦丁(16)。结论化合物1~12、14、15均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
退变性脊柱侧凸手术治疗远端融合椎选择的研究进展

退变性脊柱侧凸是指骨骼发育成熟后因脊柱的退行性变而新出现的脊柱侧凸,多发生于中老年人,主要位于胸腰段或腰段,部分患者常因持续疼痛(腰背痛或根性疼痛)、神经源性间歇性跛行或畸形的加重影响心肺功能需要选择手术治疗。手术的主要目的是为了解除疼痛、防止侧凸进展、重建脊柱平衡、恢复正常功能和提高生活质量。在手术治疗中如何选择融合椎一直存在很多争论。笔者就退变性脊柱侧凸手术治疗时远端融合椎选择的相关问题作一综述。
强直性脊柱炎颈胸段后凸畸形截骨矫形手术进展

强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是一种以关节韧带骨化为特征的慢性炎症疾病;主要侵犯中轴骨,病变常从骶髂关节开始逐渐向上蔓延至脊柱。广泛的脊柱关节和韧带骨化最终导致脊柱的完全融合僵直。在骨化过程中,患者逐渐发展成严重的脊柱后凸畸形,胸腰段是最常受影响的部位,但颈椎和上胸段也不可避免的受到累及,导致颈胸段后凸畸形,表现为视野显著受限,平视功能丧失;严重者出现张口困难,呈"颌触胸"畸形,甚至出现吞咽困难和发作性窒息。截骨矫形手术被认为是唯一有效的干预措施。现就AS颈胸段后凸畸形截骨矫形手术的进展进行综述。
Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent and fatal cancer in China and other Asian countries. Epigenetic silencing of key tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is critical to ESCC initiation and progression. Recently, many novel TSGs silenced by promoter methylation have been identified in ESCC, and these genes further serve as potential tumor markers for high-risk group stratification, early detection, and prognosis prediction. This review summarizes recent discoveries on aberrant promoter methylation of TSGs in ESCC, providing better understanding of the role of disrupted epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis and insight into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this malignancy.
水稻三角颖突变体tril的遗传分析与基因克隆

籽粒形状与大小是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素。本研究在经~(60)Co-γ射线辐射粳稻品种台北309的后代中分离获得一个三角颖突变体tril(triangular hull l)。与野生型相比,tril籽粒颖壳呈三角形,粒厚增加,蛋白质含量升高,株高和千粒重降低。遗传分析表明,该突变性状能稳定遗传,受一对隐性核基因控制。采用图位克隆法将目的基因精细定位于水稻第1染色体长臂上分子标记CHR0122与CH0127之间,物理距离约47kb,并与分子标记CHR0119共分离。在该区域内共有6个候选基因,测序分析表明tril突变体中一个释义基因OsMADS32的第3外显子内缺失了一个碱基A,导致移码突变和翻译提前终止;RT-PCR分析表明,OsMADS32主要在水稻幼穗中表达,在根、茎、叶和发育的种子等组织中的表达量极低,说明OsMADS32基因与花的发育与关。据此,推测OsMADS32基因可能为TRI1的候选基因。
产程图研究进展

根据世界卫生组织(WHO)第三阶段全球调查,全球的剖宫产率在不断提高,其中对亚洲2007 -2008年的剖宫产率调查显示,中国的总剖宫产率最高,高达46. 2%。究其原因,除了经常讨论的社会因素、对剖宫产风险意识不够、患者教育等;其最重要的原因还是对产程认识的不足及不当的产程干预措施的应用。既往对产程的认识已不再适用于当今的分娩人群,新的分娩模式正在被相继提出,而反映产程进展、帮助产程管理的产程图经历着从WHO推荐的产程管理使用常规,以及数次的改进,到不断被质疑,最终WHO不再建议作为常规的剧变。本文将简述产程图的类型更替及所面临的质疑,综合最新研究进展以展望新的产程图设计与应用的方向。
自身免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征研究进展

自身免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征(APS)是指一组包括内分泌与非内分泌器官自身免疫病的综合征,其免疫学特征与其临床表现多样性密切相关(见表1)。现根据国内外文献的最新近展对本病做一简要综述。
老年高血压并短暂性脑缺血发作患者餐后低血压的临床分析

目的观察老年高血压并有短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的餐后低血压(PPH)发生情况,为防止TIA再次发作提供思路。方法32例老年高血压但无脑血管病史患者为对照组,32例因TIA发作住院的老年高血压患者为观察组,观察两组患者的餐前及餐后血压,并进行对比分析。结果观察组出现短暂性意识模糊或偏瘫之临床症状发生率为28. 1% (9/32), PPH发生率为71.8% (23/32),且多在早餐后和晚餐后出现,观察组餐后血压下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论有TIA发作史的老年高血压患者常伴有PPH。患者在餐后出现短暂性意识模糊或偏瘫等时应考虑是PPH的可能;同样,在防治TIA复发的时候,要注意预防PPH的发生。
晚期肺腺癌患者不同血清癌胚抗原浓度梯度与EGFR - TKI疗效及预后的关系

目的探讨晚期肺腺癌患者不同血清癌胚抗原浓度梯度与表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR - TKI)疗效以及预后的关系。方法78例晚期肺腺癌患者,分别以5、200 ng/mL为分界点进行分组,分析3组患者口服EGFR - TKI(厄罗替尼或吉非替尼)的疗效和生存资料。结果血清CEA≤5 ng/mL 组患者的疾病控制率(CR + PR + SD)为45. 1%,无疾病进展时间为5. 6个月,中位生存时间为8.9个月;5 ng/mL
广西壮族人群CYP1B1基因Leu432Val多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的探讨CYP1B1基因Leu432Val多态性与广西壮族妇女乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法采用人工修饰双等位基因特异性引物扩增法(diASA - AMP)技术对85例广西壮族女性乳腺癌患者和113例健康对照进行CYP1B1 Leu432Val基因分型,运用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行分析。结果CYP1B1 Leu432Val G等位基因分布在对照组和乳腺癌组均较低,分别为12.4%和9.4%,两组均未检测到GG纯合子基因型。与对照组相比,乳腺癌两种等位基因(C和G)和两种基因型(CC和CG)分布频率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单纯CYP1B1Leu432Val基因型分布频率可能与广西壮族妇女乳腺癌易感性无明显关联。
多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者的助孕策略

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一种发病多因性、临床表现多态性的内分泌综合征,是妇科内分泌临床最常见、最复杂的疾病,育龄女性的患病率高达5%~10%,常合并不孕。内分泌紊乱导致的排卵障碍是PCOS患者不孕的主要原因,PCOS是WHOⅡ类排卵障碍最常见的病因。2003年ESHRE/ASRM在鹿特丹关于PCOS诊断的专家组共识为目前最广为接受的诊断标准,2007年中华医学会妇产科分会内分泌学组也公布了我国PCOS诊治标准专家共识。PCOS合并不孕的治疗,包括调整生活方式、药物促排卵、胰岛素增敏剂、促性腺激素及促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)类似物、腹腔镜手术以及辅助生育技术等。本文根据国内外发表的关于PCOS合并不孕症的治疗指南、专家共识以及最新的一些综述评价,为广大妇科内分泌临床医生在PCOS不孕患者的助孕策略方面提供参考。
多囊卵巢综合征的远期并发症

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是女性常见的内分泌失调性疾病。用美国国家健康委员会(NIH)诊断标准统计其发病在生育期女性中为6% ~ 10%,启用鹿特丹诊断标准其发病率可能上升至20%。PCOS的临床表现存在异质性,按鹿特丹诊断标准PCOS可分4个亚型。经典型PCOS是月经稀发、雄激素过高和多囊卵巢。此类型PCOS更易出现体质指数(body mass index, BMI)升高、严重胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)、向心性肥胖、血脂异常和心血管风险(cadiovascular risk,CVR)指标增加。现在人们越来越重视PCOS所引起的代谢紊乱和对健康的远期风险,主要包括糖脂代谢异常导致的IR、糖尿病、高血脂症、心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)甚至是代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MS),以及慢性无排卵使雌激素依赖性肿瘤发生风险增加。现就近年PCOS远期并发症的相关文献做小结。
低分化卵巢睾丸母细胞瘤伴男性化1例

卵巢睾丸母细胞瘤是一种罕见的性索间质细胞瘤,其发生率小于卵巢肿瘤,常常发生在单侧卵巢。此病可发生于任何年龄的女性,但以生育期多见,其中位发病年龄为25岁,青春期前或者绝经后女性很少患病. 1/3的睾丸母细胞瘤患者可有月经稀发、继发性闭经、乳房及子宫萎缩、皮下脂肪减少、声音变粗、痤疮、阴蒂肥大等男性化体征,其中青年患者对雄激素尤为敏感。2010年7月我院收治1例低分化卵巢睾丸母细胞瘤伴男性化患者,现报告如下。
Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Facies in the Lower Member of the Permian Shanxi Formation, Northeastern Ordos Basin, China

The Lower Permian Shanxi(山西) Formation is one of the main gas-bearing stratigraphic units in northeastern Ordos(鄂尔多斯) Basin, China. Based on an integrated investigation of well logs, cores, and outcrop, we delineated the sedimentary facies of the lower member of the Shanxi Formation and divided the succession into three third-order sequences from base to top as SQl, SQ2, and SQ3. The lower region of Shanxi Formation was deposited in the following sedimentary facies or subfacies: subaqueous braided channel, subaqueous interdistributary, mouth bar, swamp and shelf in the Daniudi(大牛地)Gas Field and braided channel, and shelf and lake at Heidaigou(黑岱沟)outcrop. Braided-river deposits form the lowstand systems tract (LST) in each sequence. Braided channels mark the sequence boundaries at Heidaigou outcrop. A shelf and lake depositional environment with dark gray mudstone forms the transgressive systems tract (TST). The location where dark gray mudstone first appears above the braided channel marks the first flooding surface (FFS), and the end of that marks the maximum flooding surface (MFS). The highstand systems tract (HST) deposits are fine-grained sediments with an aggradational parasequence at Heidaigou outcrop and swamp coalbed in the Daniudi Gas Field. Mouth-bar sand bodies in braided delta front, which form the LST in each sequence, form excellent reservoirs in the Daniudi Gas Field.
Zircon Hf Isotope of Yingfeng Rapakivi Granites from the Quanji Massif and ~2.7 Ga Crustal Growth

The Quanji(全吉)Massif is located in the Northwest China, which is interpreted as a micro-continent that is composed of metamorphic basement and stable cover strata. There are some controversies of genetic relationship between the Quanji Massif and the major cratons in China. In this study, we obtained in situ zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of the Yingfeng(鹰峰)rapakivi granites from the northwest Quanji Massif by application of LA-MC-ICP-MS technique. Twenty U-Pb age measurements points are concordant or near concordant, and their weighted mean ~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb age is 1 793.9±6.4 Ma (MSWD=1.09), yields an upper intercept age of 1 800±17 Ma (MSWD=0.41); 19 Hf isotope measurements yield a two-stage Hf model ages (T_(DM2)) of 2.63 to 2.81 Ga, with a weighted average age of about 2.70±0.02 Ga and ε_(Hf)(t) values variate between-8.91 to -5.35. This indicates that magma source of the Yingfeng rapakivi granites were produced from partial melting of late stage of Neoarchean juvenile crust, and suggests a significant crustal growth event occurred in the Quanji Massif at that time. The Quanji Massif might be an ancient continental segment detached from the Tarim Craton based on the crustal growth history and other geological records. The Tarim Craton (including the Quanji Massif) and the North China Craton had a similar or homological early crustal evolution around ~2.7 Ga, which implies that Tarim Craton might be one of the component parts of North China Craton.
The Genetic and Molecular Basis of Plant Resistance to Pathogens

Plant pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to obtain nutritive materials from their host, and plants in turn have evolved the preformed physical and chemical barriers as well as sophisticated two-tiered immune system to combat pathogen attacks. Genetically, plant resistance to pathogens can be divided into qualitative and quantitative disease resistance, conditioned by major gene(s) and multiple genes with minor effects, respectively. Qualitative disease resistance has been mostly detected in plant defense against biotrophic pathogens, whereas quantitative disease resistance is involved in defense response to all plant pathogens, from biotrophs, hemibiotrophs to necrotrophs. Plant resistance is achieved through interception of pathogen-derived effectors and elicitation of defense response. In recent years, great progress has been made related to the molecular basis underlying hostepathogen interactions. In this review, we would like to provide an update on genetic and molecular aspects of plant resistance to pathogens.
Protective effect of oat bran extracts on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide

Oat contains different components that possess antioxidant properties;no study to date has addressed the antioxidant effect of the extract of oat bran on the cellular level.Therefore,the present study focuses on the investigation of the protective effect of oat bran extract by enzymatic hydrolysates on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2).Kjeldahl determination,phenol-sulfuric acid method,and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis indicated that the enzymatic products of oat bran contain a protein amount of 71.93%,of which 97.43% are peptides with a molecular range from 438.56 to 1 301.01 Da.Assays for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity indicate that oat peptide-rich extract has a direct and concentration-dependent antioxidant activity.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) colorimetric assay and the TdT-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay for apoptosis showed that administration of H_2O_2 in human dermal fibroblasts caused cell damage and apoptosis.Pre-incubation of human dermal fibroblasts with the Oatp for 24 h markedly inhibited human dermal fibroblast injury induced by H_2O_2,but application oat peptides with H_2O_2 at same time did not.Pre-treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with Oatp significantly reversed the H_2O_2-induced decrease of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the inhibition of malondialdehyde(MDA).The results demonstrate that oat peptides possess antioxidant activity and are effective against H_2O_2-induced human dermal fibroblast injury by the enhanced activity of SOD and decrease in MDA level.Our results suggest that oat bran will have the potential to be further explored as an antioxidant functional food in the prevention of aging-related skin injury.
Biomimeitc Design of a Stubble-Cutting Disc Using Finite Element Analysis

Mole rat (Scaptochirus moschatus), a soil-burrowing mammal, can efficiently dig soil using its fore claws. The profile curves of its claw toe provide excellent structure for digging. In this paper, a biomimetic stubble-cutting disc was designed by learning from the geometrical characteristics of the mole rat claw toes. To compare the structural strength and working efficiency of the biomimetic disc and the conventional stubble-cutting disc, three-dimensional (3D) models of the discs were built and numerical analyzed in ABAQUS. In the dynamic soil cutting model, soil was modeled as an elastic-plastic material with elastic parameters, including Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Drucker-Prager criterion, which were obtained from triaxial tests. A general contact algorithm was used to simulate the interaction between rotary disc and soil. In FEA models, for the combined action of normal and friction stresses, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 34.33% lower than that of the conventional disc. For only the normal stress, the stress on the biomimetic disc is 22.64% lower than that on the conventional one. The magnitude of soil stress in biomimetic disc cutting model is 6.87% higher than that in conventional disc. The FEA results indicate that the biomimetic disc performs better in structural strength and cutting efficiency.
RNA interference: A powerful tool in entomological research and a novel approach for insect pest management

RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly conserved posttranscriptional gene regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression at the mRNA level within living cells (Fire et al., 1998; Belles, 2010; Zhuang&Hunter, 2012). RNAi is triggered by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is processed by Dicer, an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family, from either exogenous (e.g., infection by a virus or laboratory manipulations) or endogenous (e.g., premicroRNA) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The siRNAs are short dsRNA fragments of about 20-25 base pairs and carry two base extensions at the 3' end of each strand. In the RNAi pathway, siRNAs are incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in conjunction with an Argonaute (Ago) multidomain protein. Agowhich contains an RNase H-like domain responsible for target degradation cleaves and discards the passenger (sense) strand of the siRNA duplex leading to an active RISC. The remaining (antisense) strand of the siRNA duplex serves as the guide strand and guides the RISC to its homologous target mRNA. The active RISC degrades the mRNA, which shares sequence-specific homology to the siRNA, resulting in the diminishment or abolishment of the gene expression.
Effects of Dragonfly Wing Structure on the Dynamic Performances

The configurations of dragonfly wings, including the corrugations of the chordwise cross-section, the microstructure of the longitudinal veins and membrane, were comprehensively investigated using the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). Based on the experimental results reported previously, the multi-scale and multi-dimensional models with different structural features of dragonfly wing were created, and the biological dynamic behaviors of wing models were discussed through the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results demonstrate that the effects of different structural features on dynamic behaviors of dragonfly wing such as natural frequency/modal, bending/torsional deformation, reaction force/torque are very significant. The corrugations of dragonfly wing along the chordwise can observably improve the flapping frequency because of the greater structural stiffness of wings. In updated model, the novel sandwich microstructure of the longitudinal veins remarkably improves the torsional deformation of dragonfly wing while it has a little effect on the flapping frequency and bending deformation. These integrated structural features can adjust the deformation of wing oneself, therefore the flow field around the wings can be controlled adaptively. The fact is that the flights of dragonfly wing with sandwich microstructure of longitudinal veins are more efficient and intelligent.
替比夫定复治或初治慢性乙型肝炎24个月疗效分析

为了进一步评价和比较替比夫定在初治或复治患者中的抗病毒疗效,我们对152例HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者进行了为期24个月的临床治疗观察,现报道如下。
Sparse Kernel Locality Preserving Projection and Its Application in Nonlinear Process Fault Detection

Locality preserving projection (LPP) is a newly emerging fault detection method which can discover local manifold structure of a data set to be analyzed, but its linear assumption may lead to monitoring performance degradation for complicated nonlinear industrial processes. In this paper, an improved LPP method, referred to as sparse kernel locality preserving projection (SKLPP) is proposed for nonlinear process fault detection. Based on the LPP model, kernel trick is applied to construct nonlinear kernel model. Furthermore, for reducing the computational complexity of kernel model, feature samples selection technique is adopted to make the kernel LPP model sparse. Lastly, two monitoring statistics of SKLPP model are built to detect process faults. Simulations on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system show that SKLPP is more effective than LPP in terms of fault detection performance.
隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤的影像学诊断

皮肤隆突性纤维肉瘤(dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, DFSP)是一种少见梭形细胞皮肤肿瘤,临床症状表现不典型,常易被误诊为良性肿瘤而因切除范围不足导致复发。本文收集经手术、病理证实的皮肤隆突性纤维肉瘤9例,回顾分析其临床资料及影像表现,探讨影像诊断及鉴别诊断。
超声诊断双胎胸腹部联体畸形1例

讨论联体双胎是罕见的畸形。是单绒毛膜双胎特有的畸形,由受精第13天后胎盘不完全分离而形成。根据胎盘两部分分离的均等性与否,决定联体双胎分为对称性和不对称性。对称性联体中最常见的是胸腹部联体,约占70%,其次是臀部联体占20%,头部联体占2%左右。本病例为对称性胸腹联体双胎,其超声特点主要有:(1)两个胎头面对面并保持恒定关系。(2)胸腹部相连,横径增宽。(3)一个心脏及一个肝脏。(4)两侧各见一条脊柱。(5)多肢体,动态观察活动呈一致性。超声检查时应注意两胎儿有无组织器官上的联系,胎动时是否有一致性的活动等,如果两胎之间无羊膜分离,超声仅能显示1个胎盘、1个羊膜囊时,应警惕联体双胎的可能,应认真仔细检查两胎儿相接触的部位是否存在融合。因为联体畸形属于多发性严重畸形,患儿出生后很难存活,超声如能在早、中期作出确诊,对产科及时终止妊娠的处理有重要意义。该孕妇于孕12周在当地做过一次B超后直到孕28周,中间从未进行超声检查,失去了早期发现,早期诊断本病的时机。由于超声检查具有分辨率高,定位准确,操作方便,无辐射等特点,对胎儿产前检查尤为适用,对胎儿畸形诊断有重要意义,因此有必要强调孕期适时超声检查以便及早发现胎儿畸形及时终止妊娠。
人工全膝关节置换术后急性低血压的相关因素分析及护理对策

目的观察人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后并发急性低血压的临床特点,分析其原因,探讨相应的预见性的护理对策。方法回顾性分析了290例初次行TKA患者的临床资料、术后低血压的发生情况和相关因素,以明确导致术后急性低血压的原因,并提出相应的护理策略。结果290例行TKA患者中32例并发术后急性低血压,发生率为11.03%。其中显性失血量(术中+术后8 h内)≥500 mL者术后低血压的发生率显著高于<500 mL者(P<0.01),≥60岁者高于<60岁者(P<0.05),有心血管系统病史者高于无心血管疾病者(P<0.01),腰硬联合麻醉患者高于腰麻患者(P<0.05),术中应用止血带的患者高于未使用者(P<0.01)。结论TKA术后的急性低血压具有骤然发生、极其凶险、术后4~8 h为高发时间窗的临床特点,其发生主要与失血量、年龄、有无心血管系统病史、麻醉方式和术中有无使用止血带等因素有关。做好术前、术后评估、严密监测生命体征和病情变化等预见性的护理措施是早期发现、提前干预、大大降低抢救风险的关键。
New medical reform and the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry in China

The national economy development and the demanding of the drugs request the pharmaceutical industry in China to keep sustainable development especially under the background of the new medical reform. According to the status of industry development and drug consumption in China, the trend and the driving factors for pharmaceutical industry in the future were estimated. Based on the analysis of the background and conditions for pharmaceutical industry sustainable development in China, the problems and challenges, the goal as well as the main measures for the sustainable development of pharmaceutical industry were put forward.
Abnormal function of the posterior cingulate cortex in heroin addicted users during resting-state and drug-cue stimulation task

Background Previous animal and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that brain function in heroin addicted users is impaired. However, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic heroin use is associated with craving-related changes in the functional connectivity of the PCC of heroin addicted users. Methods Fourteen male adult chronic heroin users and fifteen age and gender-matched healthy subjects participated in the present study. The participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and a cue-induced craving task fMRI scan. The activated PCC was identified in the cue-induced craving task by means of a group contrast test. Functional connectivity was analyzed based on resting-state fMRI data in order to determine the correlation between brain regions. The relationship between the connectivity of specific regions and heroin dependence was investigated. Results The activation of PCC, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, putamen, precuneus, and thalamus was significant in the heroin group compared to the healthy group in the cue-induced craving task. The detectable functional connectivity of the heroin users was stronger between the PCC and bilateral insula, bilateral dorsal striatum, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and right supramarginal gyrus (P <0.001) compared to that of the healthy subjects in the resting-state data analysis. The strength of the functional connectivity, both for the PCC-insula (r=0.60, P <0.05) and for PCC-striatum (r=0.58, P <0.05), was positively correlated with the duration of heroin use. Conclusion The altered functional connectivity patterns in the PCC-insula and PCC-striatum areas may be regarded as biomarkers of brain damage severity in chronic heroin users.
Attacks on adult females with infants by non-resident males in the Francois langur

Infanticide by males is a common phenomenon in mammals, especially primates, as lactation lasts much longer than gestation in many species. Usually, infanticidal episodes occur soon after group takeovers, and are traditionally considered a male reproductive strategy (i.e., support the sexual selection hypothesis, Hrdy, 1974). To verify the validity of this conception, we observed one group of Francois’ langurs in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China, between August 2003 and July 2004. During the study period, a Francois’ langur female with the youngest infant in the group was attacked three times by immigrating males, and later disappeared by the third day after the final attack. We suggest that these attacks on the female-infant dyad represent infanticide attempts by males, and may be the cause of the adult female and her infant’s disappearance. Presumably, that female dispersed with her infant to avoid infanticide and was not killed. Though these observations do not completely verify the sexual selection hypothesis, they are not inconsistent with it.