mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Stereotypes About Enterotype: the Old and New Ideas

In 2011, the term ‘‘enterotype” first appeared to the general public in Nature, which refers to stratification of human gut microbiota. However, with more studies on enterotypes conducted nowadays, doubts about the existence and robustness of enterotypes have also emerged. Here we reviewed current opinions about enterotypes from both conceptual and analytical points of view. We firstly illustrated the definition of the enterotype and various factors influencing enterotypes, such as diet, administration of antibiotics, and age. Then we summarized lines of evidence that pose the concept against the enterotype, and described the current methods for enterotype analysis. Finally, we showed that the concept of enterotype has been extended to other ecological niches. Based on current studies on enterotypes, it has been clear that more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to characterize the enterotypes. Improved computational methods are also required to build sophisticated models, reflecting the dynamics and resilience of enterotypes.
常染色体显性多囊肾病的临床问题及其肾脏替代治疗的选择

常染色体显性多囊肾病(autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,ADPKD)是一种常见的单基因疾病,其遗传模式与其他慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)不同,其特征是肾脏充满液体囊肿。ADPKD是多系统进行性障碍疾病,常伴有肝囊肿、疼痛、感染、出血、高血压、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等许多特有的临床问题。典型病例在中年时会发展为终末期肾病(end stage renal disease, ESRD),有5%~10%需行肾替代治疗。在本篇文章中,我们回顾了这些临床问题及探讨了此类患者肾替代治疗方式如何选择。
Experimental study on nanosecond pulsed pin-to-plate discharge in supersonic air flow

Development of magnetohydrodynamic acceleration technology is expected to improve wind tunnel simulation capability and testing capability. The underlying premise is to produce uniform and stable plasma in supersonic air flow, and gas discharge is an effective way to achieve this. A nanosecond pulsed discharge experimental system under supersonic conditions was established, and a pin-to-plate nanosecond pulsed discharge experiment in Mach 2 air flow was performed to verify that the proposed method produced uniform and stable plasma under supersonic conditions.The results show that the discharge under supersonic conditions was stable overall, but uniformity was not as good as that under static conditions. Increasing the number of pins improved discharge uniformity, but reduced discharge intensity and hence plasma density. Under multi-pin conditions at 1000 Hz, the discharge was almost completely corona discharge, with the main current component being the displacement current, which was smaller than that under static conditions.
Time-resolved spectroscopy of femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasma with spark discharge

The combination of spark discharge and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is called spark discharge assisted LIBS. It works under laser-plasma triggered spark discharge mode, and shows its ability to enhance spectral emission intensity. This work uses a femtosecond laser as the light source, since femtosecond laser has many advantages in laser-induced plasma compared with nanosecond laser, meanwhile, the study on femtosecond LIBS with spark discharge is rare. Time-resolved spectroscopy of spark discharge assisted femtosecond LIBS was investigated under different discharge voltages and laser energies. The results showed that the spectral intensity was significantly enhanced by using spark discharge compared with LIBS alone. And, the spectral emission intensity using spark discharge assisted LIBS increased with the increase in the laser energy. In addition, at low laser energy, there was an obvious delay on the discharge time compared with high laser energy, and the discharge time with positive voltage was different from that with negative voltage.
基于ADAMS/CAR的多连杆悬架系统运动分析

悬架的类型和结构参数均是影响汽车行驶平顺性的重要因素。多连杆式独立悬架能够较好的满足人们对汽车舒适性和操控性的要求,故应用日益广泛。采用Catia对某车型的多连杆后悬架建立该悬架的三维实体模型,并在Adams的Car模块中进行仿真分析,模拟悬架在汽车运动过程的受力变化情况,采用结构参数变量优化分析,确定此多连杆悬架中连杆的安装位置对行驶平顺性的影响程度。
基于单片机与PLC协作的大棚智能监控

综合应用单片机技术、无线传感技术、PLC技术等构建了-套可视化大棚监控系统,实现大棚作物的环境智能监控。该系统包括以下功能:利用传感器技术采集大棚中的环境参数;单片机处理传感器的采集信号数据,通过RS485通信将数据无线传输到PLC;控制端由PLC与触摸屏组成,在PLC中建立控制策略程序,指令执行元件相应动作,触摸屏通过预设参数的设置,实现监控。
调节性T细胞在口服免疫耐受中的研究进展

口服免疫耐受是指通过口服抗原而在肠道中诱导的一种特殊类型的外周耐受.机体可通过多种方式来建立口服免疫耐受,其中调节性T细胞在维持口服免疫耐受的过程中发挥着关键作用.调节性T细胞可通过分泌抑炎因子和接触依赖等机制来抑制肠道中的免疫反应,从而维持对膳食组分和肠道微生物群的免疫耐受.我们总结了调节性T细胞和口服免疫耐受的相关性、肠道调节性T细胞的分类和稳定性以及调节性T细胞在肠道的积累机制等方面的研究进展.
ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion injection (Omegaven,尤文)

ω-3鱼油脂肪乳注射液(ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion injection)由费森尤斯集团研发,商品名为OmegaVen(中文商品名为“尤文”)。该药于2018年7月27日获美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准上市,用于罹患肠外营养相关胆汁淤积的儿童患者,以进行热量与脂肪酸补充。在此之前,尤文已于2005年4月20日获中国食品药品监督管理局(CFDA)批准上市,为患者补充长链ω-3脂肪酸,特别是二十碳五烯酸与二十二碳六烯酸。Omegaven是一种无菌、无热原、白色、均匀的乳液,用于静脉输注为胃肠外营养相关胆汁淤积(PNAC)患者供应卡路里。Omegaven中包含的鱼油是由甘油酯组成的甘油三酯混合物,因为甘油三酯在三个位置经常含有不同的长链脂肪酸基团R1COO-R2COO-R3COO-,所以其可能的分子量在700 g.mol~(-1)至1000g·mol~(-1)。鱼油中的脂肪酸成分有EPA(二十碳五烯酸,含量13%-26% )、DHA(二十二碳六烯酸,含量14%-27%)、palmitic acid(棕榈酸,含量4% ~ 12% )、oleic acid(油酸,含量4% ~ 11% )、palmitoleic acid(9-十六碳烯酸,含量4% ~ 10% )、myristic acid (肉豆蔻酸,含量2% ~7%)、arachidonic acid(花生四烯酸,含量0.2% ~ 2.0% )、linoleic acid (亚油酸,含量1.5% )、alpha-linolenic acid(亚麻酸,含量1.1%)。鱼油中ω-3脂肪酸的总含量为40%-54%。主要脂肪酸成分的化学结构式如下图所示。
动力蛋白2基因型中央核肌病患者剖宫产麻醉一例

总之,CNM对全身多器官功能影响大,麻醉手术风险很高,应做好详细的术前评估,制定个体化麻醉方案,主要考虑不影响患者肌动蛋白和神经肌肉功能,避免术中严重并发症的发生,在满足手术需要的同时,保证患者的安全和减轻对运动功能的影响。
OSCE在麻醉住院医师规范化培训年终考核中应用的评价

住院医师规范化培训是医学生学院后教育及医疗规范和质量保证的必然趋势。考核是住院医师规范化培训的重要组成环节,亦是目前基地教学亟待提高的工作环节。传统的床旁考核和单项技能考核缺乏一致性和有效性。如何评估住院医生的临床核心能力:专业医学知识、病患照顾能力、人际关系与沟通技巧、职业精神、临床工作中学习与提高、医疗执业能力,是考核的关键。如何设置有效的考核方式,也是发现教学问题,指引教学方向的重要环节。客观结构化临床考试(objective structured clinical examination, OSCE)是一种客观性较强的用于评价临床能力的方法,由Harden于1975年首次提出,它要求学生在特定的时间内通过多个“考试站点”,完成一系列的临床任务,并用一定的标准进行评分,从而评价他们的临床技能和人文交流。在OSCE过程中,考生通过一系列考核站点进行实践技能测试,临床专业通常包括病史资料采集、标准化患者(standardized patients,SP)和模拟器、模拟病房、模拟医院等共同构成情景模拟教学体系。麻醉学有比较鲜明的临床工作特色,设置完善及符合麻醉科住院医师规范化培训的OSCE,对有效评估麻醉住院医师临床工作能力,促进教学工作具有重要意义。目前,在麻醉科住院医师规范化培训临床实践考核中,OSCE考核及SP尚未广泛使用,本研究回顾分析了北京天坛医院麻醉科住院医师2017年度年终考核应用OSCE及SP的情况,为麻醉科住院医师规范化培训提供参考。
高频超声联合CT诊断胰腺炎、脂膜炎和关节炎三联征1例

讨论PPP综合征是由潜在胰腺疾病引起的罕见病症,多见于长期饮酒的中年男性。胰腺病变是本病的主要致病因素,但患者多因皮肤症状和/或关节炎就诊,伴腹部体征者少见,故易造成误诊。本病典型皮肤表现为位于肢体远端、特别是膝关节和踝关节周围皮下直径0.6~5.0 cm的红或棕红色结节斑,其特征性病理改变为不伴血管炎的小叶性脂膜炎,可见脂肪凝固性坏死、嗜酸性物质与坏死脂肪组织形成的皂化斑和特征性"鬼影细胞";但本例皮肤病理活检未见 "鬼影细胞"。本病关节病变主要累及肢体远端关节,表现为受累关节肿痛及活动障碍,关节腔穿刺抽吸可见不伴感染的黏性黄色滑液。PPP综合征致死率高,主要原因在于临床对其认识不足,且临床表现多以关节及皮肤症状为主,很少伴腹部体征,易误诊为类风湿关节炎、化脓性关节炎及痛风性关节炎等疾病。
胃神经鞘瘤1例

讨论胃肠道肿瘤分为上皮源性和间叶源性两类,后者少见。胃神经鞘瘤(gastric schwannoma, GS)起源于神经鞘膜的施万细胞,属于间叶源性,临床罕见。GS多为良性,生长缓慢,好发于50~60岁女性;临床表现无特异性,常无明显临床症状,仅少数患者出现轻微腹痛、食欲下降;预后良好。GS主要生长于胃体,可向腔内、腔外或混合性生长,以腔外生长为主。本病CT平扫常表现为密度均匀、边界清晰的圆形或类圆形稍低密度影,少数病例可见囊变、坏死、钙化及出血;增强扫描后多呈轻中度强化,静脉期强化程度高于动脉期,强化峰值位于延迟期,病变内含囊变及坏死区时强化可不均匀。GS患者胃周淋巴结可见肿大,可能与炎性细胞导致反应性淋巴结增生有关。本例病变呈腔内生长、渐进性强化,其包膜的强化程度高于肿块实质部分,周围未见明显肿大淋巴结。本病术前诊断常较困难,且需与胃肠道间质瘤、胃平滑肌类肿瘤等相鉴别,最终确诊依靠术后病理及免疫组织化学检查。
精神病临床高危人群认知功能损伤的非侵入性脑刺激治疗研究进展

精神分裂症是一类重性精神疾病,多起病于成年早期,发病后有明显的功能损害和慢性化病程,使其预后不容乐观,对精神分裂症早期识别和干预已成为临床研究的热点。最新研究证明精神分裂症的未治疗时间越长,海马萎缩越严重,预后越差。精神病临床高危人群(clinical high risk for psychosis, CHR)是指近期(多为1年内)出现精神病性症状,但程度较轻,尚具有自知力的群体。对精神病临床高危个体进行早期干预,可能延缓甚至阻止其向重性精神病性障碍转化,具有重要的的临床意义。但CHR人群是否应接受药物治疗目前仍存在争议,迫切需要开发有效、副作用小、易推广的新型干预手段。非侵入性脑刺激技术(non-invasive brain stimulation,NIBS)正符合上述需求。本文对经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)和经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)两种非侵入性脑刺激技术治疗精神病临床高危人群的可行性进行综述和展望。
Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, 2002-2016

Using the ‘theoretical hypothesis—empirical study—case verification' method, this paper studies the spatial distribution and differentiation of port & shipping service enterprises (PSSE), as well as the variation process and underlying mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). First, through inductive and deductive reasoning, we propose the following hypothesis: the regional distribution of different types of PSSE would show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendency; and there would be distinct regional differentiation in the industrial structure of the enterprises. Second, based on data obtained from enterprises, empirical research is conducted using Gini coefficient and spatial interpolation simulation methods. Results show that: 1) The overall enterprise distribution is decentralized within a city. 2) Different types of enterprises show different spatial agglomeration-decentralization tendencies. At 3000 m × 3000 m grid scale, there is an agglomeration tendency along seas and rivers in the spatial distribution of enterprises. Shanghai has been identified consistently as a hot spot. 3) There is significant regional differentiation in 12 port cities with respect to the industrial structures of enterprises. Finally, the transportization and the increase of shipping service demand, the globalization and the expansion of multinational corporate activities, the hierarchization and the cooperation among port cities as well as the decentralization and the behavioral difference between the central and local states can be seen as main driving mechanism of the spatial phenomenon.
Spatial-temporal Analysis of Daily Air Quality Index in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China During 2014 and 2016

Urban air pollution is a prominent problem related to the urban development in China, especially in the densely populated urban agglomerations. Therefore, scientific examination of regional variation of air quality and its dominant factors is of great importance to regional environmental management. In contrast to traditional air pollution researches which only concentrate on a single year or a single pollutant, this paper analyses spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of air quality in disparate regions based on the air quality index (AQI) of the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) of China from 2014 to 2016. Results show that the annual average value of the AQI in the YRD region decreases from 2014 to 2016 and exhibit a basic characteristic of ‘higher in winter, lower in summer and slightly high in spring and autumn'. The attainment rate of the AQI shows an apparently spatial stratified heterogeneity, Hefei metropolitan area and Nanjing metropolitan area keeping the worst air quality. The frequency of air pollution occurring in large regions was gradually decreasing during the study period. Drawing from entropy method analysis, industrialization and urbanization represented by per capita GDP and total energy consumption were the most important factors. Furthermore, population agglomeration is a factor that cannot be ignored especially in some mega-cities. Limited to data collection, more research is needed to gain insight into the spatiotemporal pattern and influence mechanism in the future.
Development of a displacement-reactivity feedback model for dynamic behavior simulation in fast burst reactor

In this study, a displacement-reactivity feedback model, which can directly represent the inherent ‘‘thermal expansion extinction effect'' of fast burst reactors(FBRs), was developed with the aid of the static neutron transport component of the FBR-MPC code. Dynamic behaviors of bursts in the Godiva I reactor were simulated by coupling the simplified multiphysics models consisting of the point kinetic equations for neutronics, adiabatic equation for temperature, and thermoelastic equations for displacement/ stress with the developed model. The results were compared with the corresponding experimental data and those obtained using the traditional fission yield(temperature rise)-reactivity feedback models. It was found that the developed model can provide good results for the bursts with no or a small inertia effect. For the bursts with a prominent inertia effect, the smaller burst width and asymmetric distribution of the fission rate curve, noticed in the experiments but not evident using the traditional models, can be reproduced. In addition, the realistic oscillations in reactivity and fission rate caused by the core vibration, as well as the deeper sub-prompt criticality in the plateau following the burst, can be observed. Therefore, the developed displacement-reactivity feedback model can be expected to be an effective tool for calculating the dynamic behaviors of bursts.
Risks of non-conservative design according to ASME B31.1 for high-temperature piping subjected to long-term operation in the creep range

This study investigates the risks of non-conservative piping design according to ASME B31.1 for hightemperature piping subjected to long-term operation at high temperature in a creep regime based on a sensitivity analysis of the hold time. Design evaluations of hightemperature piping were conducted over a range of hold times in the creep regime according to ASME B31.1, which implicitly considers the creep effects, and the French high-temperature design code of the RCC-MRx, which explicitly considers the creep effects. Conservatisms were quantified among the codes in terms of the hold times. In the case of B31.1, the design evaluation results do not change depending on the hold time at high temperature, whereas in the case of RCC-MRx, they do. It was shown that the design limits of RCC-MRx were exceeded when the hold time exceeded certain values, whereas those of B31.1 were satisfied regardless of the hold times. Thus, the design evaluations according to B31.1 did not consistently yield conservative results and might lead to nonconservative results in the case of long-term operations in the creep range.
Radiological environmental impact analysis of a 2-MW thorium molten salt reactor during an accident

The thorium molten salt reactor–liquid fuel(TMSR-LF1) has inherent safety features. The accident occurrence possibility and their consequences are much lower for the TMSR-LF1 than that of traditional reactors. Based on accident analysis, the maximum credible accident and the radioactive source terms of the TMSR-LF1 were first estimated. Then, the total effective dose of the maximum credible accident was calculated. Based on calculations, the cover gas flow rate can significantly affect the radiation consequences of the maximum credible accident when it changes from 0 to 10 L/min. If no cover gas is flowing, a site-area emergency would be required within the range of 50–73 m from the reactor. In the case of cover gas flow, only an abnormal notification and an alert two emergency class would be required within the range of 50 m.
皮瓣修复腕部高压电烧伤创面的手术时机选择

目的观察腕部高压电烧伤后不同时间段对创面实施皮瓣移植修复的效果,并探讨时机选择对皮瓣成活状态和机体功能的影响。方法2016年1月至2018年1月,选择符合标准的53例腕部高压电烧伤行游离皮瓣移植患者,采用回顾性队列研究设计收集患者的病历资料分析。其中20例于受伤当天入院治疗,设为早期修复组;33例先在其他医院治疗4 d以上而后转入,设为延期修复组。术后随访1.0~1.5年,收集创面面积及血管情况、皮瓣面积和成活情况、两组平均手术时间、术后感染、截肢情况、伤后住院时间、术中神经状况及后期功能评价等,比较两组实施游离皮瓣移植术后的效果。两组间连续变量资料的分布比较采用独立样本t检验,分类型资料两组间率分布的比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果皮瓣移植手术距离烧伤时间:早期修复组平均为(1.3±0.6) d,延期修复组平均为(7.5±2.1) d,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。早期修复组清创后面积虽略小于延迟修复组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.071)。两组皮瓣均成活,早期修复组20例患者中腕部屈曲功能恢复优良者为12例,无截肢患者。延期修复组皮瓣移植手术时间、皮瓣移植面积和住院时间均高于早期修复组,但33例患者中无功能恢复优良者,截肢4例。早期修复组尺神经、正中神经术后恢复率分别为55.56%、66.67%,屈指肌腱功能优良率60.00%,均高于延期修复组(分别为8.00%、0%、0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。桡神经术后恢复率在两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.134)。结论腕部高压电烧伤后,若在3d内尽早实施游离皮瓣移植,患者功能恢复较好,并能有效降低截肢率。
Investigation on LCF Behavior of Welded Joint at Different Temperatures for Bainite Steel

The current research of low cycle fatigue (LCF) is mainly focused on the components with uniform microstructure. Compared with these typical components, LCF behavior of welded components are more complex due to their great gradient microstructure, especially for different temperature. In this paper, LCF properties were conducted on the welded joint at different temperatures for bainite steel, and the failure mechanism was systematically discussed. Fatigue parameters derived from fitting curves indicated that welded joint had worse plastic deformation resistance and experienced more significantly strain hardening effect at 300 °C. The joint failed in the weld metal at room temperature, which attributed to the softening in weld metal combined with cyclic strain hardening effect in heataffected zone, which meant the joint was more sensitive with the hardness at this condition. When it came to 300 °C, more cracks appeared near to HAZ and the heterogeneous distributed surface inclusion was responsible for the fracture transition to HAZ adjacent to bainite steel rather than the softest zone in HAZ, reflecting the joint was more sensitive with the surface inclusion at 300 °C. This research could support the design on loading of welded component at different temperature, and further ensure the safe operation.
Effects of Flexibility and Suspension Configuration of Main Shaft on Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Drivetrain

The current research of wind turbine drivetrain is mainly concentrated in dynamic characteristics of gearbox with a specific suspension of main shaft, such as one-point and two-point suspension. However, little attention is paid to the effects of these suspension configurations on the dynamic responses of wind turbine gearbox. This paper investigates the influences of suspension configurations of main shaft on the dynamic characteristics of drivetrain. For evaluating the dynamic behaviors of drivetrain with multi-stage transmission system more realistically, a dynamic modeling approach of drivetrain is proposed based on Timoshenko beam theory and Lagrange's equation. Considering the flexibility and different suspension configurations of main shaft, time-varying mesh stiffness excitation, time-varying transmission error excitation and gravity excitation, etc., a three-dimensional dynamic model of drivetrain is developed, and the dynamic responses of drivetrain are investigated. Results show that with the one-point suspension of main shaft, the resonance frequencies in gearbox, especially at the low-speed stage, obviously shift to the higher frequency range compared to the gearbox without main shaft, but this trend could be inversed by increasing main shaft length. Meanwhile, the loads in main shaft, main shaft bearing and carrier bearing are greatly sensitive to the main shaft length. Hence, the load sharing is further disrupted by main shaft, but this effect could be alleviated by larger load torque. Comparing to the one-point suspension of main shaft, there occurs the obvious load reduction at the low-speed stage with two-point suspension of main shaft. However, those advantages greatly depend on the distance between two main bearings, and come at the expense of increased load in upwind main shaft unit and the corresponding main bearing. Finally, a wind field test is conducted to verify the proposed drivetrain model. This study develops a numerical model of drivetrain which is able to evaluate the effects of different suspension configurations of main shaft on gearbox.
Type Synthesis of Lower Mobility Parallel Mechanisms: A Review

Type synthesis of mechanisms aims to systematically determine all possible structures for a specific mobility requirement. Numerous methods based on different theories were proposed for type synthesis of lower mobility parallel mechanisms in past decades. However, there does not exist a comprehensive review on these approaches. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to give such a review, classifying the approaches proposed in the literature into three groups, namely, motion-based methods, constraint-based methods, and other methods. The motion-based methods include the Lie group based method, the GF set method, the linear transformation method, the POC set method, and the finite screw method. The constraint-based methods involve the screw theory-based method, the virtual chain method, the method based on Grassmann line geometry and line graphs, and the motion constraint generator method. Other methods contain the enumeration approach based on the general CGK mobility formula and the graph theory method. Upon thoroughly analyzing the characteristics and/or limitations of each method, this review provides a well reference to help researchers find an effective synthesis method for innovative design and further scientific investigations for mechanisms.
骨架非稠合的非富勒烯受体

相对于富勒烯类电子受体,新型非富勒烯受体具有吸光能力强,能级和结构可调等优点,对于提升有机太阳电池光电转换效率具有重要意义.近年,基于稠环结构的电子受体(FREAs)受到了国内外研究者们最多的关注1,2.这一类分子具有良好的骨架平面性,高度离域的电子结构和强聚集倾向的末端基团有利于分子间的π–π堆积和电荷转移.另外,基于FREAs体系的有机太阳电池能量损失也可以低至0.4–0.5 eV 3.基于以上稠环结构的设计策略,科研人员设计并合成了许多稠环电子受体,所制备的有机太阳电池器件效率突破了14% 4.
利用无序钠空位构筑高倍率钠离子电池正极材料

由于全球分布广泛的钠资源以及价格低廉的钠盐成本,钠离子电池有望应用于未来大规模储能领域1,2.层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料是目前最有希望实现商业化的正极材料之一,根据钠离子在过渡金属层间的占位方式不同和单位晶胞氧层堆积方式的差异,层状正极材料热力学稳定相主要分为P2型和O_3型两类.O_3型正极材料中,钠离子占据八面体位点,氧层以ABCABC的方式排列.P2型正极材料中,钠离子采取三棱柱的占位方式,氧层排列为ABBA,钠离子在三棱柱中占位有两种方式,一种是与相邻过渡金属氧化层中八面体共边的Nae,另一种为共面的Naf 3.由于独特的占位方式以及强Na+–Na+静电相互作用,很多P2型正极材料在钠层就表现出明显的钠空位有序的排布4,5.这就造成这类正极材料在脱嵌钠离子过程中会发生不同钠空位有序之间的重排,因此这类材料在充放电曲线上会出现很多电压平台,其在高倍率下的循环性能也会受限6,7.那么如何消除钠层钠空位有序的排布,设计一种钠空位无序的高倍率P2型正极材料就显得尤为关键.
2018/2019年冬季气象条件对农业生产的影响

2018/2019年冬季(2018年12月–2019年2月),全国大部地区气温接近常年同期,未出现大范围极端低温天气;全国平均降水量接近常年同期或偏多,区域分布差异较大。北方冬麦区大部土壤墒情适宜,入冬前小麦抗寒锻炼较为充分,小麦越冬顺利,麦苗长势整体好于上年同期。华南中东部、西南地区大部水热条件匹配较好,利于冬季作物和蔬菜生长及经济林果生产。但季内,长江中下游及华南西北部多低温、降雪和阴雨寡照天气,油菜、露地蔬菜和经济作物长势偏差;青藏高原部分地区降雪极端性强,畜牧业受灾严重;河北、山西部分地区受降水持续偏少影响,旱情较为突出,小麦长势偏差。
Estimations of Three Characteristic Stress Ratios for Rockfill Material Considering Particle Breakage

The particle breakage during specimen shearing has a significant influence on the critical-state line (CSL) of the rockfill material. A series of large-scale triaxial compression tests on the rockfill material from Henan Province (HPR) were conducted in a wide range of initial void ratios and confining pressures. The influences of the particle breakage on the critical-state stress ratio M_c, the peak stress ratio M_p and dilatancy stress ratio Md were investigated. The deviatoric stress and particle breakage of the HPR at the critical state increase with the increase in confining pressure, while the influences of the initial void ratio on these behaviors are too little to be considered. The gradient of the CSL in the q-p space of the rockfill, M_c, was found to be passively correlated with the particle breakage index Br, rather than being a constant. Additionally, the observed values of M_c at low confining pressures (low particle breakage occur) will be substantially undervalued if M_c is estimated as a constant. In the critical-state-theorybased constitutive models, M_p and Md are estimated as the combinations of M_c and state parameter ψ. It is believed that the simulations of M_p and Md when M_c is correlated with Br are obviously more favorable than those when M_c is constant.
上海市社区糖尿病同伴支持模式推广策略

为了解社区糖尿病患者自我管理影响因素及同伴支持模式推广的可行性,本研究通过个人深入访谈,由培训后的调查员对社区糖尿病管理医护人员及糖尿病患者进行访谈,并采用主题框架分析法进行资料分析。结果显示,社区糖尿病患者的疾病管理及用药知识有待加强;患友间的经验分享和行为影响是鼓励患者自我管理信念和行为改变的关键;营养、运动相关的适宜工具有待强化;“协作式”同伴支持技能培训和社会资源的支持有待完善。
癫痫伴肌阵挛-失张力发作的分子遗传学研究进展

癫痫伴肌阵挛-失张力发作(EMAS)发病率低,包括多种全面性发作类型,预后个体差异大。目前认为遗传因素在EMAS发病中起主要作用,文献报道已发现8个致病基因与EMAS发病有关,分别为SCN1A、SCN1B、SCN2A、CHD2、SLC2A1、SLC6A1、SYNGAP1和STX1B基因,现对该病的分子遗传学研究进展进行综述。
脑上皮样胶质母细胞瘤伴肺转移一例

脑上皮样胶质母细胞瘤恶性程度较高,术后易复发,预后与患者的年龄、肿瘤的部位、肿瘤最大切除的范围等多因素有关。收集1例22岁男性患者,采用CT、MRI、病理HE及免疫组织化学方法诊断为脑上皮样胶质母细胞瘤伴肺转移。脑MRI示:左侧额叶及右侧顶枕叶见结节异常强化影,大小4.4 cm×3.9 cm×3.4 cm;肺CT示:左肺多发性小结节,考虑转移瘤;免疫组织化学:胶质纤维酸性蛋白、Olig-2、CD34、S-100蛋白、BRAF V600E阳性表达,INI1无丢失,而上皮细胞膜抗原、雌激素受体、IDH、神经元特异性烯醇化酶为阴性。
边缘区样套细胞淋巴瘤一例

边缘区样套细胞淋巴瘤是套细胞淋巴瘤一种罕见的变异型。本例患者男性,61岁。因纳差、消化不良3个月余,便血2周来院就诊。内镜发现乙状结肠、直肠多发溃疡,显微镜下可见结直肠黏膜固有层小淋巴样细胞弥漫性生长,具有单核细胞样B淋巴细胞的特点。免疫组织化学显示肿瘤细胞弥漫表达CD20、cyclin D1,部分表达SOX11 (约40%+),不表达CD5,Ki-67阳性指数约80%,荧光原位杂交检测显示CCND1基因重排阳性。由于边缘区样套细胞淋巴瘤具有临床进程快、化疗方案强度大及预后差的特点,因而把它从具有“单核细胞样”低级别B细胞性淋巴瘤中鉴别出来就显得至关重要。
乳腺硬化性腺病基础上的低级别腺鳞癌一例

患者女,53岁,因发现“右乳肿块1个月余”就诊。肿物直径约1.3cm,灰白色,质韧。镜下病变界尚清,2/3的区域为硬化性腺病,另1/3的区域硬化性间质中杂乱分布着小腺管以及鳞状分化细胞巢,鳞化细胞巢多呈实性条索状,部分形成大小不等的角化囊肿;病变细胞形态温和,核分裂象罕见,并见淋巴细胞聚集灶,局灶浸润周围组织。免疫组织化学显示该区域内大部分细胞巢周围缺乏P63、calponin及CD10染色,部分鳞状分化巢CK5/6和p63阳性,诊断为乳腺硬化性腺病基础上的低级别腺鳞癌。