mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Study on control strategy of clutch starting for car with a metal pushing belt-planetary gear continuously variable transmission system

The automatic control of clutch starting in car with a metal pushing belt-planetary gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a complex problem. A suited control strategy is required to realize quick and smooth start. A simulation state space equation is established on clutch starting control of a car with CVT by bond graph theory. According to the fuzzy control method with the expert system, a fuzzy control system of car starting process to weaken the jerk motion is introduced. The simulation results indicate that the jerk motion of clutch starting is below 10 m/s~3.
De Broglie-Bohm Quantization of the Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole with a Global Monopole in the Background of de Sitter Space-Time

We present the classical solution of Lagrange equations for the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole with a global monopole in the background of de Sitter space-time. Then we obtain the wavefunction of the space-time by solving the Wheeler-De Witt equation. De Broglie-Bohm interpretation applied to the wavefunction gives the quantum solution of the space-time. Finally, the quantum effect on Hawking radiation is studied.
A Hierarchy of Integrable Nonlinear Lattice Equations and New Integrable Symplectic Map

A discrete spectral problem is discussed, and a hierarchy of integrable nonlinear lattice equations related to this spectral problem is devised. The new integrable symplectic map and finite-dimensional integrable systems are given by nonlinearixation method. The binary Bargmnnn constraint gives rise to a Biicklund transformation for the resulting integrable lattice equations.
Simulation and Off-line Optimization of an Acrylonitrile Fluidized-bed Reactor Based on Artificial Neural Network

A mathematical model is developed for an industrial acrylonitrile fluidized-bed reactor based on artificial neural networks.A new algorithm,which combines the characteristics of both genetic algorithm(GA) and generalized delta-rule(GDR) is used to train artificial neural network (ANN) in order to avoid search terminated at a local optimal solution.For searching the global optimum,a new algorithm called SM-GA,incorporating advantages of both simplex method (SM) and GA, is proposed and applied to optimize the operating conditions of an acrylonitrile fluidized-bed reactor in industry.
Search for the Halo Effect in the ~1H(~6He, ~6Li)n Reaction

The angular distributions of the charge exchange reaction ~1H(~6He, ~6Li)n were measured in reverse kinematics with a secondary 6He beam at the energy of 4.17 A MeV. The data were analysed in the context of a microscopic calculation. It is shown that both the ground state of ~6He and the second excited state of ~6Li (3.563 MeV, 0~+) have a halo structure.
Biogeochemical processes of phosphorus and silicon in southern bohai sea surface sediments

Based on the author' s previously obtained results on P and Si forms in southern Bohai Sea surface sediments, this study mainly foucusing on the controlling factors, existence forms, and biogeo-chemical processes of P and Si showed that the transferable forms of phosphorus in sediments were mainly controlled by the mineralization of organic matters and the reduction of high-valence iron; whereas the transferable forms of silicon were possibly controlled by the dissolution and precipitation as well as bio-chemical processes of living organisms.
Preliminary Study on Biological Characteristics of Degraded Soil Ecosystems in Dry Hot Valley of the Jinsha River

Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant.
Studies on a New Random Packing-Plum Flower Mini Ring

The hydrodynamics and mass transfer of Plum Flower Mini Ring (PFMR), Pall Ring and Intalox Saddle were studied in a 600 mm diameter column with air-oxygen-water system over a wide range of liquid loads. It was shown from the experiments that PFMR had much lower resistance, larger throughput and higher mass transfer efficiency than Pall Ring and Intalox Saddle. It was clear from the comparison that existing equations could not predict the performance of packings very well at high liquid loads. Therefore, new semi-empirical equations of pressure drop, flooding gas velocity and height of transfer unit (HTU) were proposed based on the experimental data.
Effect of Amendments on Growth and Element Uptake of Pakchoi in a Cadmium,Zinc and Lead Contaminated Soil

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of two amendments, lime and calcium magnesium phosphate, on the growth and Cd,Pd,Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe,N,P and K uptake of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis) in a Cd,Pb and Zn polluted acid soil in the southern part of China. The growth of pakchoi was apparently improved by lime and calcium magnesium phosphate application, the uptake of Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn by pakchoi was significantly depressed and the symptom caused by heavy metals pollution was eliminated. Meanwhile, the absorption of N,K and Mn was also inhibited by these amendments. Soil pH was the main factor controlling the uptake of the heavy metals by pakchoi. This suggests that lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could be used as effective amendments for eliminating the toxicity of heavy metals to the vegetable and inhibiting their absorption by the crop.
Wien Effect in Suspensions of Electrodialyzed Soil Particles and Its Influencing Factors

The electrical conductivity of suspension and their supernatants from the electrodialyzed clay fractions of latosol,yellow-brown soil and black soil equilibrated with nitrate solutions were determined at different field strengths using a short high-voltage pulse apparatus to demonstrate the Wien effect in soil suspensions and to investigate factors affecting  it. It was found that Wien effect was much stronger in suspensions with a clay content of 30 g kg^-1 from the soils equilibrated with a 1×10^-4 KNO3 solution than in their supernatants. The threshold field strength (TFS), at which the relative conductivity is equal to 1.05, i.e., the Wien effect begins to be obvious, of the yellow-brown soil suspensions (clay content of 30 g kg^-1) equilibrated with different nitrate solutions of a concentration of 1×10^-4/z mol L^-1, where z is the valence,varied with the type of nitrates, being lowest for NaNO3 (47kV cm^-1) and highest for Ca (NO3)2 (98kV cm^-1). At high field strengths (larger than 130kV cm^-1), the relative conductivities of yellow-brown soil suspensions containing different nitrates diminished in the order: NaNO3>KNO3>Mg(NO3)2>Zn(NO3)2>Ca(NO3)2. The rates and intensities of the Wien effect in the suspensions of the three soils equilibrated with 5×10^-5 mol L^-1 Ca(NO3)2 solution were in the order of the yellow-brown soil>the latosol>the black soil. The results for the yellow-brown soil suspensions  (clay concentration of 30 g kg^-1) equilibrated with KNO3 solutions of various concentrations clearly demonstrated that the more dilute the solution, the lower the TFS,and the larger the relative conductivity of the suspensions at high field strengths. The results for yellow-brown soil suspensions with different clay concentrations indicated that as the clay concentration increased, the low field electrical conductivity, EC0, also increased,but the TFS decreased, and the Wien effect increased.
Study on High-Speed Centrifugal-Regenerative Pump with an Inducer

The study on high-speed centrifugal-regenerative pumps with an inducer(HCRP) is carried out.The combined structure of inducer,centrifugal impeller,and regenerative impeller is presented,and a theoretical parallel combinatorial hydraulic design method is investigated.The comparative experimental results show that efficiency in smaller capacity region,head coefficient and efficiency in larger capacity region of HCRPs is few lower,much higher and lower that those of high-speed centrifugal pumps,respectively,and that the suction performance of HCRPs is determined only by inducer.HCRPs can be more suitably applied to deliver small-capacity high-head liquids in chemical and petrochemical industries.
Distribution and population dynamics of Parafcalanus parvus, Paracalanus crassirostris, and Acartia bifilosa bifilosa (copepoda, calanoida) in the bohai sea

Paracalanus paruts, Paracalanus crassirostris, and Acartia bifilosa are dominant and widely distributed in the Bohai Sea, and comprise an important part of zooplankton in terms of biomass as well as production rate. In order to understand their seasonal distribution and population dynamics, their stage-specific abundance in different months of the year were analyzed based on the never analyzed yet samples collected in 1959. The three species showed clear and remarkable seasonal variation in abundance, which maximized in spring and summer, when they formed high biomass patches or concentrations in the nearshore area. For Parucalcnms paints, two peaks were observed in the annual circle, one in June and the other in September. For Pamcalanus crassirostris, one peak occurred in summer and a small one in December. The seasonal pattern of Acartia bifilosa was different in different regions. In Bohai Bay it had a two-peak pattern, with the first large peak occurring in May and the second one in October. In Laizhou Bay, a winter peak in December and January could be observed besides the spring one. The number of generations during the reproductive season for the three species was estimated based on the an-nual cycle in abundance and ambient temperature.
Interaction Between Charge Characteristics and Cu^2+ Adsorption-Desorption of Soils with Variable or Permanent Charge

Charge characteristics and Cu^2+ adsorption-desorption of soils with variable charge(latosol)and permanent charge(brown soil)and the relationship between them were studied by means of back-titration and adsorption equilibrium respectively.The amount of variable negative charge was much less in variable-charge soil than in permanent-charge soil and increased with the pH in the system,but the opposite trend occurred in the points of zero charge(PZCs).The amount of Cu^2+ ions sorbed by permanent-charge soil was more than that by variable-charge soil and increased with the increase of Cu^2+ concentration within a certain range in the equilibrium solution.The amount of Cu^2+ ions desorbed with KCl from permanent-charge soil was more than that from variable-charge soil,but the amount of Cu^2+ ions desorbed with de-ionized water from permanent-charge soil was extremely low whereas there was still a certain amount of desorption from variable-charge soil.The increase of PZC of soils with variable or permanent change varied with the increment of Cu^2+ ions added.When the same amount of Cu^2+ ions was added,the increments of PZC and variable negative surface chargc of permanent-charge soil were different from those of variable-charge soil.
Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment,Applied Nitrogen and Soil Moisture on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake in Spring Wheat

Spring wheat (Thiticum aestivum L.cv.Dingxi No.8654) was treated with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (350 and 700 μmol mol^-1),two levels of soil moisture (well-watered and drought) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer(0,50,100,150,and 200 mg kg^-1 soil) to study the atmospheric CO2 concentration effect on dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring wheat.The effects of CO2 enrichment of the shoot and total mass depended largely on soil nitrogen level,and the shoot and total mass increased significantly in the moderate to high N treatments but did not increase significantly in the low N treatment.Enriched CO2 concentration did not increase more shoot and total mass in the drought treatment than in the well-watered treatment.Thus,elevated CO2 did not ameliorate the depressive effects of drought and nitrogen stress.In addition,root mass decreased slightly and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly due to CO2 enrichment in no N treatment under well-watered condition.Enriched CO2 decreased shoot N content and shoot and total N uptake;but it reduced root N content and uptake slightly.Shoot critical N concentration was lower for spring wheat grown at 700 μmol mol^-1 CO2 than at 350μmol mol^-1 CO2 in both well-watered and drought treatments. The critical N concentrations were 16 and 19 g kg^-1 for the well-watered treatment and drought treatment at elevated CO2 and 21 and 26 g kg^-1 at ambient CO2,respectively. The reductions in the movement of nutrients to the plant roots through mass flow due to the enhancement in WUE (water use efficiency) and the increase in N use efficiency at elevated CO2 could elucidate the reduction of shoot and root N concentrations.
Screening of agglutinings in marine algae from fujian coast of China

Thirty-three species of marine algae belonging to Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlo-rophyta from the Fujian coast were examined for agglutinins with different animal and human erythrouytes. Protein extracts from 26 species were active against at least one type of the erythrocytes tested. There were 3 species ( Grateloupia imbricata, Ishige foliacea and Entermorphaprolifera) whose extracts could agglut-inate all the erythrocytes used. The lowest protein concentration required to produce erythrocyte agglutina-tion varied remarkably, from 3 .1μg/ml to 500 μg/ml . The strongest activity was found in the agglutina-tion of rabbit erythrocytes by Gloiopeltis furcata extract. Inhibition assays performed with nine mono- and bisaccharides indicated that agglutinations of rabbit erythrocytes by extracts of 7 species were inhibited by one or more types of the sugars assayed. The agglutinating activity shown by extracts of most species was not affected when the teat solution was heated to 90 °C , but was lost at 95 °C - 100 °C . A few extracts lost their activity at 60 °C , 65 °C  and 75 °C , respectively.
Sodium—zinc Exchange Selectivity on Wyoming Montmorillonite in Digefent Backgrounf Anion Solutions

The effect of background anion on cation exchange reactions,such as Na-Ca and Na-Cu exchange reactions,on montmorillonites has been studied,but the results are not always clear and discrepancies exist in the literature.In this study,the exchange of zine(Zn^2+)for sodium(Na^+)on Wyoming montmorillonite was investigated at 298°K　using Cl^-,ClO4^-,NO3^-,OAc^-,and SO4^2- solution media at a constant total metal charge concentration of 0,0200 molc L^-1.Results indicated that the clay CEC values were essential similar for Cl^-,ClO4^-,NO3^- and SO4^2- solution media with an average CEC of 0.856±0.008 molc kg^-1;in an OAc^- solution the clay CEC was much higher than that in other anion media.The specific adsorption of Zn(SAZn),as defined by the extraction of Zn using 0.05 mol L^-1 Na2-EDTA,was different in the various background solutions.The highest value for SAZn was 0.359±0.0350 molc kg^-1,which occurred in OAc solution.There was essentially no difference in the total apparent adsorbed metals(the sum of adsorbed equivalents of Na and Zn per kilogram of clay,Q)among the various background solutions.The average Q for all anion media was 0.807±0.011 molc kg^-1 and was independent of exchanger composition.Experimental results indicated that there were no significant monovalent cation complexes such as ZnCl^+ or ZnNO3^+ that were adsorbed by montmorillonite.The Na-Zn exchange isotherms indicated that there was an adsorption preference for Zn over Na on Wyoming montmoorillonite.
An Experimental Study on Kr Gas-puff Z-pinch

Kr gas-puff Z-pinch experiment performed recently on Qiang-guang I pulsed power generator is reported. The generator has a 1.5 MA current with a pulse width of 100 ns. The total X-ray energy as well as its spectrum has been obtained, and the average power of X-ray radiation in 50-700 eV measured by XRDs in 2 TW. The generator configuration, gas-puff load assembly and diagnostic system for the experiments are described.
Fatty acids profile in a high cell density culture of arachidonic acid-rich Parietochloris incisa (Trebouxiophyceae, chlorophyta) exposed to hgih PFD

The changes in arachidonic acid (AA) and fatty acids profiles along the growth curve of Parietochloris incisa , a coccoid snow green alga, were studied in a 2.8 cm light-path flat photobioreactor, exposed to strong photon flux density [PFD, 2400 μEmol/(m~2·s)]. Sixteen fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography showing that AA was the dominant fatty acid (33 % - 41 %) followed by linoleic acid (17% - 21% ). AA content was closely investigated with respect to total fatty acids (TFA) , ash free dry weight (AFDW) of cell mass as well as total culture content. These parameters were influenced significantly in a similar manner by culture growth phase, i.e., slightly decreasing in the lag period, gradually increasing in the logarithmic phase, becoming maximal at the early stationary phase, starting to decrease at the late stationary phase, sharply dropping at the decline phase. The increase in AA per cul-ture volume during the logarithmic phase was not only associated with the increase in AFDW but also connected with a corresponding increase in AA/TFA, TFA/AFDW as well as AA/AFDW. The sharp decrease in AA content of the culture during the decline phase was mainly due to the decrease in AA/TFA, TFA/ AFDW and AA/AFDW, although AFDW declined only a small extent. Maximal AA concentration, obtained at the early stationary phase, was 900 mg/L culture volume, and the average daily net increase of AA during 9 days logarithmic growth was 1.7 g/(m~2·day) . Therefore, harvesting prior to the decline phase in a batch culture, or at steady state in continuous culture mode seems best for high AA production . The latter possibility was also further confirmed by continuous culture with 5 gradients of harvesting rate.
The effect of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system on myocardial ischemic preconditioning in rats

In order to study the effects of every part of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system on ischemic preconditioning of myocardium in rats in vivo,SD rats were divided into three groups: IP group,I/R group and CON group.Rate were received surgical procedure and undergone left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.Hearts were extracted to analyze the infarct size by TTC staining,to measure serum myocardial enzymes,to study β-AR Bamx and Kd by radioligand binding assay of receptors(RAB),and to check the activity of AC and the content of cAMP by radioimmunoassay(RIA).The infarct area was found much smaller in IP group than I/R group (P<0.001); CK, CK-MB and LDH were found significantly higher in I/R group (P<0.001).The Bmax of β-AR in IP group were higher than in I/R group (P<0.001), No difference of Kd could be seen between IP and I/R group,In IP group,the activity of Ac and the content of cAMP were higher than I/R group (P<0.05 and 0.001,respectively). It is concluded that ischemic preconditioning can protect the hearts from necrosis and reduce endo-enzyme leakage.The system of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system probably takes part in the protection of the IP.
Variability of Soft X-ray Spectral Shape in Blazars Observed by ROSAT

In previous paper we have shown that the soft X-ray spectra of two types of Seyfert 1 galaxies behave statistically differently with increasing intensity. In order to see how the spectrum of blazars changes, we made plots of Hardness Ratio 1 versus Count Rates (HR1-Cts) for 18 blazars observed by ROSAT/PSPC. According to our criteria, ten showed a positive HR1-Cts correlation, two a negative correlation, and the remaining six, no clear correlation. Thus,most blazars of our sample show a hardening spectrum during overall flux increase, though some vary randomly. By investigating the photon index of these objects and different radiation theories, we argue that relative dominance between the synchrotron and inverse Compton emission in the soft X-ray band can well account for the differing spectral behaviours and that the different spectral variations might represent a sequence of synchrotron peaked frequency.
Experimental investigations of cavitation effects on flow characteristics of small orifices and valves in water hydraulics

The flow characteristics and cavitation effects of water passing through small sharp-edged cylindrical orifices and valves of different shapes in water hydraulics are investigated. The test results using orifices with different aspect ratios and different diameters show that the flow coefficients in the case of non-cavitating flow are larger than that of flow in the case of cavitation occurrence. The flow coefficients of flow with cavitation initially decrease as Reynolds number increases and ultimately tend to be of constant values close to contraction coefficient. Large aspect ratio has an effect of suppressing cavitation. The experimental results about disc valves illustrate that the valves with sharp edge at large opening are less affected by cavitation than that at small opening. Throttle with triangle notch has better anti- cavitation ability than that with square notch. The flowrate of the throttle with square notch is significantly affected by the flow direction or the flow passage shape.