mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A parameterization scheme of vertical mixing due to inertial internal wave breaking in the ocean general circulation model

Based on the theoretical spectral model of inertial internal wave breaking (fine structure) proposed previ-ously, in which the effects of the horizontal Coriolis frequency component ftilde on a potential isopycnal are taken into account, a parameterization scheme of vertical mixing in the stably stratified interior below the surface mixed layer in the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is put forward preliminarily in this paper. Besides turbulence, the impact of sub-mesoscale oceanic processes (including inertial internal wave breaking product) on oceanic interior mixing is emphasized. We suggest that adding the inertial internal wave breaking mixing scheme (F-scheme for short) put forward in this paper to the turbulence mixing scheme of Canuto et al. (T-scheme for short) in the OGCM, except the region from 15°S to 15°N. The numerical results of F-scheme by using WOA09 data and an OGCM (LICOM, LASG/IAP climate system ocean model) over the global ocean are given. A notable improvement in the simulation of salinity and temperature over the global ocean is attained by using T-scheme adding F-scheme, especially in the mid- and high-latitude regions in the simulation of the intermediate water and deep water. We conjecture that the inertial internal wave breaking mixing and inertial forcing of wind might be one of important mechanisms maintaining the ventilation process. The modeling strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by using T-scheme adding F-scheme may be more reasonable than that by using T-scheme alone, though the physical processes need to be further studied, and the overflow parameterization needs to be incorporated. A shortcoming in F-scheme is that in this paper the error of simulated salinity and temperature by using T-scheme adding F-scheme is larger than that by using T-scheme alone in the subsurface layer.
Transport mechanism of reverse surface leakage current in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor with SiN passivation

The transport mechanism of reverse surface leakage current in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) becomes one of the most important reliability issues with the downscaling of feature size. In this paper, the research results show that the reverse surface leakage current in AlGaN/GaN HEMT with SiN passivation increases with the enhancement of temperature in a range from 298 K to 423 K. Three possible transport mechanisms are proposed and examined to explain the generation of reverse surface leakage current. By comparing the experimental data with the numerical transport models, it is found that neither Fowler-Nordheim tunneling nor Frenkel-Poole emission can describe the transport of reverse surface leakage current. However, good agreement is found between the experimental data and the two-dimensional variable range hopping (2D-VRH) model. Therefore, it is concluded that the reverse surface leakage current is dominated by the electron hopping through the surface states at barrier layer. Moreover, the activation energy of surface leakage current is extracted, which is around 0.083 eV. Finally, the SiN passivated HEMT with high Al composition and thin AlGaN barrier layer is also studied. It is observed that 2D-VRH still dominates the reverse surface leakage current and the activation energy is around 0.10 eV, which demonstrates that the alteration of AlGaN barrier layer does not affect the transport mechanism of reverse surface leakage current in this paper.
Containment consensus with measurement noises and time-varying communication delays

In this paper, we consider the containment consensus control problem for multi-agent systems with measurement noises and time-varying communication delays under directed networks. By using stochastic analysis tools and algebraic graph theory, we prove that the followers can converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders in the sense of mean square if the allowed upper bound of the time-varying delays satisfies a certain sufficient condition. Moreover, the time-varying delays are asymmetric for each follower agent, and the time-delay-dependent consensus condition is derived. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Ordered silicon nanorod arrays with controllable geometry and robust hydrophobicity

Highly ordered silicon nanorod(Si NR)arrays with controllable geometry are fabricated via nanosphere lithography and metal-assisted chemical etching.It is demonstrated that the key to achieving a high-quality metal mask is to construct a non-close-packed template that can be removed with negligible damage to the mask.Hydrophobicity of Si NR arrays of different geometries is also studied.It is shown that the nanorod structures are effectively quasi-hydrophobic with a contact angle as high as 142°,which would be useful in self-cleaning nanorod-based device applications.
Electronic, optical properties, surface energies and work functions of Ag_8SnS_6: First-principles method

Ternary metal chalcogenide semiconductor Ag_8SnS_6,which is an efficient photocatalyst under visible light radiation,is studied by plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory.After geometry optimization,the electronic and optical properties are studied.A scissor operator value of 0.81 e V is introduced to overcome the underestimation of the calculation band gaps.The contribution of different bands is analyzed by virtue of total and partial density of states.Furthermore,in order to understand the optical properties of Ag_8SnS_6,the dielectric function,absorption coefficient,and refractive index are also performed in the energy range from 0 to 11 e V.The absorption spectrum indicates that Ag_8SnS_6 has a good absorbency in visible light area.Surface energies and work functions of(411),(413),(211),and(112)orientations have been calculated.These results reveal the reason for an outstanding photocatalytic activity of Ag_8SnS_6.
Tight-binding electron–phonon coupling and band renormalization in graphene

The kink structure in the quasiparticle spectrum of electrons in graphene observed at 200 me V below the Fermi level by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)was claimed to be caused by a tight-binding electron–phonon(e–ph)coupling in the previous theoretical studies.However,we numerically find that the e–ph coupling effect in this approach is too weak to account for the ARPES data.The former agreement between this approach and the ARPES data is due to an enlargement of the coupling constant by almost four times.
Sound field prediction of ultrasonic lithotripsy in water with spheroidal beam equations

With converged shock wave,extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL)has become a preferable way to crush human calculi because of its advantages of efficiency and non-intrusion.Nonlinear spheroidal beam equations(SBE)are employed to illustrate the acoustic wave propagation for transducers with a wide aperture angle.To predict the acoustic field distribution precisely,boundary conditions are obtained for the SBE model of the monochromatic wave when the source is located on the focus of an ESWL transducer.Numerical results of the monochromatic wave propagation in water are analyzed and the influences of half-angle,fundamental frequency,and initial pressure are investigated.According to our results,with optimization of these factors,the pressure focal gain of ESWL can be enhanced and the effectiveness of treatment can be improved.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear electromechanical coupling system with time delay feedback

The stability and the Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear electromechanical coupling system with time delay feedback are studied.By considering the energy in the air-gap field of the AC motor,the dynamical equation of the electromechanical coupling transmission system is deduced and a time delay feedback is introduced to control the dynamic behaviors of the system.The characteristic roots and the stable regions of time delay are determined by the direct method,and the relationship between the feedback gain and the length summation of stable regions is analyzed.Choosing the time delay as a bifurcation parameter,we find that the Hopf bifurcation occurs when the time delay passes through a critical value.A formula for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is given by using the normal form method and the center manifold theorem.Numerical simulations are also performed,which confirm the analytical results.
Near-field radiative heat transfer in mesoporous alumina

The thermal conductivity of mesoporous material has aroused the great interest of scholars due to its wide applications such as insulation,catalyst,etc.Mesoporous alumina substrate consists of uniformly distributed,unconnected cylindrical pores.Near-field radiative heat transfer cannot be ignored,when the diameters of the pores are less than the characteristic wavelength of thermal radiation.In this paper,near-field radiation across a cylindrical pore is simulated by employing the fluctuation dissipation theorem and Green function.Such factors as the diameter of the pore,and the temperature of the material are further analyzed.The research results show that the radiative heat transfer on a mesoscale is 2~4 orders higher than on a macroscale.The heat flux and equivalent thermal conductivity of radiation across a cylindrical pore decrease exponentially with pore diameter increasing,while increase with temperature increasing.The calculated equivalent thermal conductivity of radiation is further developed to modify the thermal conductivity of the mesoporous alumina.The combined thermal conductivity of the mesoporous alumina is obtained by using porosity weighted dilute medium and compared with the measurement.The combined thermal conductivity of mesoporous silica decreases gradually with pore diameter increasing,while increases smoothly with temperature increasing,which is in good agreement with the experimental data.The larger the porosity,the more significant the near-field effect is,which cannot be ignored.
Reception pattern influence on magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source,the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI).Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures,waveforms,and reconstructed images with unidirectional,omnidirectional,and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources,the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI.Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources,projection sources,and the layer effect effectively,resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast,which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction.The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities,representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer.The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.
Population inversion in fluorescing fragments of super-excited molecules inside an air filament

An original idea is reviewed.When a molecule is pumped into a super-excited state,one of its decay channels is neutral dissociation.One or more of the neutral fragments will fluoresce.Hence,if a lower state of such fluorescing fragments was populated through other channels but with a lower probability,population inversion of the fluorescing fragments would be naturally realized.This idea seems to be validated,so far,by comparing published work on three hydrocarbon molecules,CH_4,C_2H_2,C_2H_4,and water vapor,H_2O.After super-excitation in a femtosecond laser filament in air mixed with these molecules,the fluorescence from the CH or OH fragments exhibits population inversion,i.e.,amplified spontaneous emission was observed in the backscattering direction of the filament.
Predictive control of a chaotic permanent magnet synchronous generator in a wind turbine system

This paper investigates how to address the chaos problem in a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)in a wind turbine system.Predictive control approach is proposed to suppress chaotic behavior and make operating stable;the advantage of this method is that it can only be applied to one state of the wind turbine system.The use of the genetic algorithms to estimate the optimal parameter values of the wind turbine leads to maximization of the power generation.Moreover,some simulation results are included to visualize the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Robust output feedback cruise control for high-speed train movement with uncertain parameters

In this paper,the robust output feedback cruise control for high-speed train movement with uncertain parameters is investigated.The dynamic of a high-speed train is modeled by a cascade of cars connected by flexible couplers,which is subject to rolling mechanical resistance,aerodynamic drag and wind gust.Based on Lyapunov's stability theory,the sufficient condition for the existence of the robust output feedback cruise control law is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs),under which the high-speed train tracks the desired speed,the relative spring displacement between the two neighboring cars is stable at the equilibrium state,and meanwhile a small prescribed H_∞ disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed.One numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
胫骨平台骨折诊断与治疗的专家共识

胫骨平台骨折时指骨折折线累及胫骨近端关节面的骨折,为关节内骨折。由于胫骨平台式重要的负荷结构,周围解剖结构复杂、损伤机制各异、骨折形态不一,且多伴有不同程度的软组织损伤,诊断治疗难度大。处理不当易于出现筋膜间隔综合征、膝关节周围皮肤软组织坏死、感染、骨不连、关节畸形、不稳定、创伤性关节炎、关节僵硬等诸多并发症,严重影响患者站立、行走功能。目前对于胫骨平台骨折的诊断和治疗,帮助创伤骨科医生正确处理胫骨平台骨折,特根据胫骨平台骨折患者的临床特点,基于多中心研究结果和国内外研究进展,重点围绕术前评估、诊断、治疗及术后康复,编写了”胫骨平台骨折诊断与治疗的专家共识“,提出胫骨骨平台骨折规范合理的诊疗建议。
剖宫产术后再次阴道分娩预测模型研究进展

随着近年来剖宫产率逐年升高,二胎政策放开,剖宫产后再次分娩方式的选择成为产科医生面临的主要问题之一。“一次剖宫产,永远剖宫产”已经不再适用于临床,74%选择剖宫产后阴道分娩(vaginal birth after caesarean, VBAC)的孕妇经过试产能够成功。正确权衡不同分娩方式的利与弊,指导孕妇选择适合的分娩方式成功分娩,是产科医师必须解决的问题。目前已有许多研究者通过搜集前瞻性及回顾性临床相关资料构建预测模型,且已有部分预测模型应用于临床。本文将依据不同评估时间段,就国内外剖宫产术后再次阴道分娩预测模型的研究进展进行综述,重点介绍临床应用广泛或有特色的预测模型。
Ablative and Mechanical Properties of C/C-ZrC Composites Prepared by Precursor Infiltration and Pyrolysis Process

C/C-ZrC composites with continuous ZrC matrix were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process using zirconium-containing polymer. Ablation properties of the composites were investigated by oxyacetylene flame with heat flux of 2380 and 4180 kW/m2, respectively. The results showed that C/C-ZrC composites exhibited excellent ablation resistance under the heat flux of 2380 kW/m~2 for 120 s and a tree-coral-like ZrO_2 protective layer formed after ablation. However, when the heat flux increased to 4180 kW/m~2, the maximum temperature of ablated surface reached 2500 °C and a strong degradation of ablation resistance was observed due to the weak bonding between the formed ZrO_2 layer and the composites. The flexural strength of C/C—ZrC composites was 110.7 ± 7.5 MPa. There were a large number of carbon fiber bundles pull-out, and the composites exhibited a pseudo-plastic fracture behavior.
Tension-free Polypropylene Mesh-related Surgical Repair for Pelvic Organ Prolapse has a Good Anatomic Success Rate but a High Risk of Complications

Background: Food and Drug Administration announcements have highlighted the standard rate of mesh-related complications. We aimed to report the short-term results and complications of tension-free polypropylene mesh (PROSIMA~(?)) surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) using the standard category (C), timing (T), and site (S) classification system. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 48 patients who underwent PROSIMA~(?) mesh kit-related surgical repairs were followed for two years at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Recurrence was defined as symptomatic POP quantification (POP-Q) Stage II or higher (leading edge ≥ -1 cm). The Patient Global Impression of Change Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire short-form-7 and POP/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short-form-12 were used to evaluate the self-perception and sexual function of each patient. Mesh-related complications conformed to the International Urogynecological Association/International Continence Society joint terminology. The paired-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to analyze data. Results: All patients were followed up for >12 months; 30 (62.5%) patients completed the 24 months study. We observed a 93.8% (45/48) positive anatomical outcome rate at 12 months and 90.0% (27/30) at 24 months. Recurrence most frequently involved the anterior compartment (P < 0.05). Pelvic symptoms improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.05), although the patients' impressions of change and sexual function were not satisfying. Vaginal complication was the main complication observed (35.4%, 17/48). The survival analysis did not identify any relationship between vaginal complication and anatomical recurrent prolapse (POP-Q ≥ Stage II) (P = 0.653). Conclusions: Tension-free polypropylene mesh (PROSIMA~(?))-related surgical repair of POP has better short-term anatomical outcomes at the apical and posterior compartments, but a low patient satisfaction rate. The mesh complications were not the definitive cause of recurrence.
医用胶对PICC导管体外断漏的修整维护效果

目的:探讨使用医用胶对经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)体外断漏进行修整维护的效果。方法对7例PICC体外断漏的患者,进行导管修整,将静脉留置针置入 PICC管腔内,用医用胶粘贴修整后继续输液。结果修整后的PICC可继续输液,无感染、堵塞、栓塞、漏液和脱管等并发症发生。结论用医用胶粘合PICC与静脉留置针导管安全、可靠,可延长PICC留置时间,减轻患者的压力及经济负担。
肾脏神经母细胞瘤影像1例

总之,NB 是恶性程度较高的肿瘤,当肾内肿块明显分叶、内部分隔、钙化、血管侵犯、淋巴结转移,并且临床有血、尿VMA 升高时,应考虑NB的可能性,尽管影像学检查特征性不足,但MRI和CT在发现肿瘤、确定肿瘤与周围组织结构关系及描绘肿瘤特征方面优于超声检查,增强扫描能帮助确定肿瘤边界并帮助定性诊断。
On a Discrete Fractional Boundary Value Problem with Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear fractional di?erence equation with nonlocal fractional boundary conditions. We derive the Green's function for this problem and show that it satisfies certain properties. Some existence results are obtained by means of nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type theorem and Krasnosel-skii's fixed point theorem.
Effects of aspect ratio on flapping wing aerodynamics in animal flight

Morphology as well as kinematics is a critical determinant of performance in flapping flight. To understand the effects of the structural traits on aerodynamics of bioflyers, three rectangular wings with aspect ratios (AR) of 1, 2, and 4 performing hovering-like sinusoidal kinematics at wingtip based Reynolds number of 5 300 are experimentally investigated. Flow structures on sectional cuts along the wing span are compared. Stronger K-H instability is found on the leading edge vortex of wings with higher aspect ratios. Vortex bursting only appears on the outer spanwise locations of high-aspect-ratio wings. The vortex bursting on high-aspect-ratio wings is perhaps one of the reasons why bio-flyers normally have low-aspect-ratio wings. Quantitative analysis exhibits larger dimensionless circulation of the leading edge vortex (LEV) over higher aspect ratio wings except when vortex bursting happens. The average dimensionless circulation of AR1 and AR2 along the span almost equals the dimensionless circulation at the 50% span. The flow structure and the circulation analysis show that the sinusoidal kinematics suppresses breakdown of the LEV compared with simplified flapping kinematics used in similar studies. The Reynolds number effect results on AR4 show that in the current Re range, the overall flow structure is not sensitive to Reynolds number.
Aerodynamic interaction between forewing and hindwing of a hovering dragonfly

The phase change between the forewing and hindwing is a distinct feature that sets dragonfly apart from other insects. In this paper, we investigated the aerodynamic effects of varying forewing-hindwing phase difference with a 60° inclined stroke plane during hovering flight. Force measurements on a pair of mechanical wing models showed that in-phase flight enhanced the forewing lift by 17% and the hindwing lift was reduced at most phase differences. The total lift of both wings was also reduced at most phase differences and only increased at a phase range around in-phase.The results may explain the commonly observed behavior of the dragonfly where 0° is employed in acceleration. We further investigated the wing-wing interaction mechanism using the digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, and found that the forewing generated a downwash flow which is responsible for the lift reduction on the hindwing. On the other hand, an upwash flow resulted from the leading edge vortex of the hindwing helps to enhance lift on the forewing.The results suggest that the dragonflies alter the phase differences to control timing of the occurrence of flow interactions to achieve certain aerodynamic effects.
室间隔完整型肺动脉瓣闭锁产前超声心动图表现1例

讨论室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁是指右心室与肺动脉之间无直接交通而室间隔完整的畸形，发生率约为0.7%～3.1%，多数心房、心室及大动脉位置及关系正常，常伴右心室及三尖瓣发育不良。由于胚胎时期动脉干隆起开始时是彼此分隔的结构，再由三个瓣叶融合成无孔的膜状结构，表明肺动脉闭锁为发育后期出现的继发性变化。本型肺动脉瓣闭锁三尖瓣口是唯一的出口，胎儿均有三尖瓣反流，反流量与右心室发育情况相关。右心系统血液经卵圆孔入左心系统，可引起左心增大和主动脉增宽。产前超声心动图主要表现为左右心不对称，左心大，室间隔连续完整，右心室和肺动脉间无血流。肺动脉闭锁后肺脏依靠动脉导管内的反向血流供应，因此产前超声心动图动脉导管内出现反向血流，是诊断肺动脉狭窄性疾病的一个敏感指标。本病主要需与永存动脉干、法洛四联征相鉴别，肺动脉起源与肺脏血供来源可作为主要鉴别点。本病预后不良，发现后均应建议孕妇终止妊娠，因此早期发现和诊断对围产期咨询和优生优育具有重要意义。
佛教:心理治疗的一个参考

心理治疗和佛教有相同之处,即,都致力于改变人的心理以缓解痛苦。正因为如此,佛教的观点、方法可以视为心理治疗的一个参考。这是一个大题目,值得大家研究,本文只是一块砖头而已。
充分发挥服务读者功能促进病理学的学科发展和人才培养

2014年4月，《中华病理学杂志》第十届编辑委员会产生并履职，我与其他编委会成员认识到，新形势下《中华病理学杂志》的发展面临着更多的机遇和挑战。作为国内病理学界普遍认可、较具学科影响力的学术期刊，杂志一如既往凝聚全国病理学同仁的关注和支持，我们有信心继续办好《中华病理学杂志》，搭建病理学同仁学术交流的平台、服务读者的阅读需求、积极融入我国医疗卫生体制改革的大背景，使《中华病理学杂志》与我国病理学科协同发展。
系统筛查微卫星不稳定性结直肠癌的意义和策略

结直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，在我国，特别是在现代化发展迅速的大都市里，结直肠癌发病率的上升趋势更为明显。染色体不稳定(chromosomal instability,CIN)途径和微卫星不稳定(microsatellite instability,MSI)途径是结直肠癌发生的两条主要分子途径。前者占散发性结直肠癌的75%,绝大多数存在APC基因的突变和染色体18q 的缺失，并有较高比例的KRAS和p53基因突变，好发于左半结肠，组织学类型以高、中分化为主。后者占散发性结直肠癌的15%，多见于右半结肠，组织学类型以黏液腺癌和低分化腺癌为常见，而且几乎所有的Lynch综合征相关性结直肠癌均通过MSI途径发生。更为重要的是，MSI结直肠癌不仅在好发部位、常见组织形态上与CIN结直肠癌存在差异，而且在临床预后、治疗、遗传性肿瘤筛查方案的选择上也有所不同，因此必须在临床工作中将其区分开来。本文主要就MSI结直肠癌、Lynch综合征的病理特点、发生机制、筛查策略及其临床意义做一论述。