mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing noble metal-free catalysts with low cost, high performance and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells is of great interest to promote sustainable energy devices. In this review, we summarized noble metal-free catalysts for ORR, including non-noble metal-based and heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials. Mesoporous structure, homogeneous distribution of nanocrystals and synergistic effect of carbon base and nanocrystals/doped heteroatoms have great effect on the ORR property. The noble metal-free nanomaterials showed comparable catalytic property, better stability and methanol tolerance than commercial platinum (Pt)-based catalysts, showing great potential as substitutes for noble metal-based catalysts. In addition, the challenges and chances of developing noble metal-free ORR catalysts are also discussed.
Robust self-supported anode by integrating Sb_2S_3 nanoparticles with S,N-codoped graphene to enhance K-storage performance

Developing high-performance anode materials for potassium-ion batteries is significantly urgent. We here demonstrate Sb_2S_3 nanoparticles (~20 nm) homogeneously dispersed in porous S,N-codoped graphene framework (Sb_2S_3-SNG) as a self-supported anode material for potassium-ion batteries. The rational structure design of integrating Sb_2S_3 nanoparticles with S,N-codoped graphene contributes to high reactivity, strong affinity, good electric conductivity, and robust stability of the composite, enabling superior K-storage performance. Moreover, the self-supported architecture significantly decreases the inactive weight of the battery, resulting in a high energy density of a Sb_2S_3-SNG/KVPO_4F-C full cell to ~166.3 W h kg~(–1).
古近纪南海断陷作用和破裂不整合的海相沉积记录

中国南部-东南部近海的海相沉积记录,为南海在古近纪的断陷和破裂不整合发生时间提供了直接的证据.东海至台湾地区海相沉积较早,从早古新世就已开始,到中始新世向西南扩展到南海中部区域.在这些区域存在沿东北向构造带分布的细长形古近纪中国海,可能属于古太平洋西缘的一部分.中始新世南海地区强烈的断裂和沉降作用造成海洋沉积从东海及台湾地区扩展到南海东侧.到晚始新世,海洋环境在东海-台湾地区发生收缩变浅,可能与台湾-台西南盆地一带的初期破裂和扩张造成的局部隆升有关.大范围破裂不整合发生在33~34Ma期间,导致渐新世半深海沉积物广泛发育.在南海反映破裂不整合的半深海沉积记录不仅出现在靠近洋陆交界的ODP 1148站和IODP U1435站,也出现在其他一些陆架-陆坡站位,记录了南海的初始形成历史.
海草凋落叶分解对沉积物有机碳组成及其关键转化过程的影响

海草凋落叶是海草床沉积物有机碳(Sediment Organic Carbon, SOC)的重要来源.然而,海草凋落叶分解对SOC组分及其主要转化过程的影响机理尚不清楚.本研究通过室内模拟实验,研究海草凋落叶分解对SOC活性组成及其关键酶活性的影响.结果显示,海草凋落叶分解提高了沉积物盐提取有机碳(Salt-Extractable Carbon, SEC)的含量和SEC/SOC比例,也显著提高了与SOC转化相关的蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶及β-葡糖苷酶活性,多酚氧化酶和 β-葡糖苷酶活性的提高,可能会加快沉积物惰性有机碳的分解.在24d培养期内,海草凋落叶分解增加了CO_2的释放量,并降低了SOC含量.因此,海草凋落叶分解释放了大量溶解有机碳,提高了SOC的活性,促进了SOC的转化.
黄河上游积石峡史前滑坡堰塞湖形成年代与发展演变研究

黄河上游史前大洪水与积石峡史前巨型滑坡堰塞湖、及其与中原地区“大禹治水”和夏王朝的关系问题,受到中外学术界和媒体的广泛关注.其中,关于黄河积石峡古堰塞湖的形成、发展演变和消亡形式问题,成为地学家必须准确回答的前沿性的科学问题.最近七年来,我们在黄河上游循化盆地、积石峡和官亭盆地进行了深入细致的调查研究,通过对古滑坡堆积体和堰塞湖厚达37m沉积物的野外宏观特征观测,沉积物磁化率、粒度、地球化学元素的测定,沉积物成因综合分析论证,以及光释光(OSL)技术断代,结果表明积石峡中段狐跳峡巨型滑坡堰塞事件发生在全新世中期(8.25±0.39)ka.巨大的滑坡堆积体堵塞黄河形成了堰塞湖,它并没有发生突然地垮坝溃决形成异常大洪水,而是持续存在了2600多年.滑坡堰塞坝体受到溢流缓慢的切割,堰塞湖逐渐变浅消亡,期间有反复地收缩和扩张变化,最终在全新世中期(5.65±0.21)ka消失,黄河逐渐贯通.也就是说,积石峡古堰塞湖消亡的年代要早于官亭盆地喇家遗址毁灭废弃的年代约1800年.在积石峡堰塞坝体下游的调查,没有发现所谓“堰塞湖溃决大洪水”的沉积物.这说明积石峡古堰塞湖的形成演变及其消亡过程与官亭盆地喇家遗址的毁灭废弃没有关系.这些研究结果,对于揭示青藏高原东北缘黄河上游史前时期自然灾害发生的规律,正确认识史前时期的人地关系发展演变,准确回答国际学术界和媒体对于黄河上游“堰塞湖溃决大洪水与大禹治水和夏王朝”关系问题的疑问,具有重要的科学意义.
河水-地下水侧向交互流运动机制

河水-地下水交互带对河流和地下水水质保护具有重要作用.为研究河水-地下水侧向交互带中交互流的运动机制,以重庆市马鞍溪为研究对象,选取旱季2015年12月至2016年4月为研究期,对河水、交互带及地下水的水位、水温、pH、Cl-进行监测,结合对交互带沉积物渗透系数、水体氢氧稳定同位素和溶解有机碳浓度的分析.结果表明,沉积物渗透系数对交互带水位变化及交互流运动有重要的影响,使得交互流在距河岸10cm附近易受降水下渗及蒸散发的影响.研究期间以地下水补给河水为主,地下水在补给过程中对交互流的影响逐渐减弱.交互流在距河岸30cm附近仍以受地下水影响为主,地下水运动至距河岸10~30cm后与降水、河水的混合作用增强,水分受沉积物质地影响在距河岸10cm附近富集,并通过交互流不断补给河流,从而对河水水质造成潜在影响.
1961~2015年中国气候干湿状况的时空分异

气候干湿状况由降水量和潜在蒸散ET_o共同决定,是表征区域环境特点的重要指标.本研究基于气象站实测数据,首先利用FAO56 Penman-Monteith模型计算ET_o,然后采用年干燥度指数K(年ET_o与降水量之比)研究了1961~2015年中国陆地气候干湿状况的时空分异规律,并讨论了干湿变化的主导气候因子,结果显示:秦岭-淮河一线年降水量和ET_o大致相等(K≈1.0),该线以南、横断山脉以东的大部分区域降水量高于ET_o(K<1.0),气候湿润;而西北内陆地区降水量远小于ET_o(K≥4.0),气候干燥.全国总体干湿状况围绕平均值上下波动,且线性变化趋势不显著,但其中存在一段跨度约10年的相对湿润时期(1987~1996年).全国总体干湿状况在3年、7~8年、11年和26~28年的时间尺度上表现出了较强的周期性.气候干湿变化趋势及周期性的区域差异明显,其中西北和青藏高原西部等地区湿润程度增加幅度较大,而云贵高原、四川盆地和黄土高原等地区干燥程度增加幅度较大,但区域干湿变化的线性趋势大多不显著.大部分地区气候干湿变化在8~14年的周期上表现出较强的节律性.降水量是大部分区域干湿变化的最重要影响因子,特别在中国北方地区气候干湿变化与降水量高度相关.
不同空间尺度影响古代社会演化的环境和技术因素探讨

古文化兴衰和文明演化的过程及其动力是广受关注的热点科学问题,然而,对该问题的认识存在较多的分歧与争议.本文对史前和历史时期遗址废弃、文化兴衰和人口变化,及其环境和技术影响因素的研究案例进行了梳理,提出在不同空间尺度,影响古代人类社会演化的主导因素是不一样的.在局地尺度上,突发性灾害是导致大型聚落毁灭或废弃的重要影响因素.在区域尺度上,十年至百年时间尺度的气候干旱或寒冷事件是导致古文明衰退和人类大规模迁徙的主要诱发因素,而持续稳定适宜的气候则促使古文明的兴盛.在大陆-全球尺度上,百年至千年时间尺度的重大技术革新及其扩散,是推动人口显著增长和社会进步的主要动力.在此基础上,阐释了不同空间尺度下,环境和技术因素对古代人类生存和社会演化产生影响的可能机制.
The mass-balance characteristics and sensitivities to climate variables of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, western Qilian Mountains, China

Due to global warming, glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are experiencing widespread shrinkage; however, the mechanisms controlling glacier variations across the TP are still rather unclear, especially on the northeastern TP. In this study, a physically based, distributed surface-energy and mass-balance model was used to simulate glacier mass balance forced by meteorological data. The model was applied to Laohugou No. 12 Glacier, western Qilian Mountains, China, during 2010~2012. The simulated albedo and mass balance were validated and calibrated by in situ measurements. The simulated annual glacier-wide mass balances were –385 mm water equivalent (w.e.) in 2010/2011 and –232 mm w.e. in 2011/2012, respectively. The mean equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) was 5,015 m a.s.l., during 2010~2012, which ascended by 215 m compared to that in the 1970s. The mean accumulation area ratio (AAR) was 39% during the two years. Climatic-sensitivity experiments indicated that the change of glacier mass balance resulting from a 1.5 ℃ increase in air temperature could be offset by a 30% increase in annual precipitation. The glacier mass balance varied linearly with precipitation, at a rate of 130 mm w.e. per 10% change in total precipitation.
Effects of urban grass coverage on rainfall-induced runoff in Xi'an loess region in China

In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of grass coverage on rainfallrunoff processes. A total of 80 grass blocks planted with well-grown manilagrass, together with their root systems, were sampled from an eastern suburban area of Xi'an City in the northwest arid area of China and sent to a laboratory for rainfall simulation experiments. The runoff and infiltration processes of a slope with different grass coverage ratios and vegetation patterns were analyzed. The results show that the runoff coefficient decreases with the increase of the grass coverage ratio, and the influence of grass coverage on the reduction of runoff shows a high degree of spatial variation. At a constant grass coverage ratio, as the area of grass coverage moves downward, the runoff coefficient, total runoff, and flood peak discharge gradually decrease, and the flood peak occurs later. With the increase of the grass coverage ratio, the flood peak discharge gradually decreases, and the flood peak occurs later as well. In conclusion, a high grass coverage ratio with the area of grass coverage located at the lower part of the slope will lead to satisfactory regulatory effects on rainfall-induced runoff.
Wave propagation speeds and source term influences in single and integral porosity shallow water equations

In urban flood modeling, so-called porosity shallow water equations (PSWEs), which conceptually account for unresolved structures, e.g., buildings, are a promising approach to addressing high CPU times associated with state-of-the-art explicit numerical methods. The PSWE can be formulated with a single porosity term, referred to as the single porosity shallow water model (SP model), which accounts for both the reduced storage in the cell and the reduced conveyance, or with two porosity terms: one accounting for the reduced storage in the cell and another accounting for the reduced conveyance. The latter form is referred to as an integral or anisotropic porosity shallow water model (AP model). The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in wave propagation speeds of the SP model and the AP model and the implications of numerical model results. First, augmented Roe-type solutions were used to assess the influence of the source terms appearing in both models. It is shown that different source terms have different influences on the stability of the models. Second, four computational test cases were presented and the numerical models were compared. It is observed in the eigenvalue-based analysis as well as in the computational test cases that the models converge if the conveyance porosity in the AP model is close to the storage porosity. If the porosity values differ significantly, the AP model yields different wave propagation speeds and numerical fluxes from those of the BP model. In this study, the ratio between the conveyance and storage porosities was determined to be the most significant parameter.
Flood management of Dongting Lake after operation of Three Gorges Dam

Full operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) reduces flood risk of the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River Basin. However, Dongting Lake, which is located in the Yangtze River Basin, is still at high risk for potentially severe flooding in the future. The effects of the TGD on flood processes were investigated using a hydrodynamic model. The 1998 and 2010 flood events before and after the operation of the TGD, respectively, were analyzed. The numerical results show that the operation of the TGD changes flood processes, including the timing and magnitude of flood peaks in Dongting Lake. The TGD can effectively reduce the flood level in Dongting Lake, which is mainly caused by the flood water from the upper reach of the Yangtze River. This is not the case, however, for floods mainly induced by flood water from four main rivers in the catchment. In view of this, a comprehensive strategy for flood management in Dongting Lake is required. Non-engineering measures, such as warning systems and combined operation of the TGD and other reservoirs in the catchment, as well as traditional engineering measures, should be further improved. Meanwhile, a sustainable philosophy for flood control, including natural flood management and lake restoration, is recommended to reduce the flood risk.
Fenton-like oxidation of azo dye in aqueous solution using magnetic Fe_3O_4-MnO_2 nanocomposites as catalysts

In order to overcome the drawback of the low degree of separation from an aqueous solution of MnO_2, Fe_3O_4-MnO_2 core-shell nanocomposites were used as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for the removal of acid orange 7. On the basis of the catalyst characterization, the catalytic ability of the as-synthesized nanocomposites was examined. The results showed that Fe_3O_4-MnO_2 core-shell nanocomposites had greater catalytic ability than Fe_3O_4 or MnO_2 used alone. Meanwhile, the catalyst dosage, H_2O_2 dosage, temperature, and initial pH had significant effects on the removal of acid orange 7. A high degree of stability and reusability were exhibited by Fe_3O_4-MnO_2 core-shell nanocomposites. Both HO· and HO_2 · were generated in the reaction and HO· was the main radical for the removal of acid orange 7. A mechanism for H_2O_2 catalytic decomposition using Fe_3O_4-MnO_2 core-shell nanocomposites to produce HO· is proposed.
An Exact Propagator for Solving the Triatomic Reactive Schrodinger Equation

The exact short time propagator, in a form similar to the Crank-Nicholson method but in the spirit of spectrally transformed Hamiltonian,was proposed to solve the triatomic reactive time-dependent schrodinger equation. This new propagator is exact and unconditionally convergent for calculating reactive scattering processes with large time step sizes. In order to improve the computational efficiency, the spectral difference method was applied. This resulted the Hamiltonian with elements confined in a narrow diagonal band. In contrast to our previous theoretical work, the discrete variable representation was applied and resulted in full Hamiltonian matrix. As examples, the collision energy-dependent probability of the triatomic H+_2 and O+O_2 reaction are calculated. The numerical results demonstrate that this new propagator is numerically accurate and capable of propagating the wave packet with large time steps. However, the efficiency and accuracy of this new propagator strongly depend on the mathematical method for solving the involved linear equations and the choice of preconditioner.
NSD1缺陷可能相关婴儿胆汁淤积症1例病例报告

核受体结合SET域蛋白1(NSD1)属于组蛋白甲基化转移酶家族,包含多种功能区域,是一种转录调控因子,在胚胎早期发育中起调节作用。NSD1基因包含23个外显子,位于5q35,编码2 696个氨基酸,表达在人体胚胎,成人的脑、肾、骨骼、肌肉、脾、肺和胸腺等组织,作为促进生长基因的辅阻遏物发挥作用。NSD1功能的丧失可导致Sotos综合征、Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征(BWS)等,同时其在多发性骨髓瘤等肿瘤的发生中也起重要作用,NSD1基因的单倍剂量不足和突变是主要遗传学基础。NSD1功能缺陷可表现为过度生长、骨龄提前、内脏肥大、智能发育迟缓、面部畸形、胚胎源性的腹部肿瘤和肾脏畸形等。国外有报道NSD1突变病例中可见新生儿病理性黄疸,但多以间接胆红素升高为主。本文报告1例NSD1缺陷可能相关的胆汁淤积症病例。
Real-time measurement of nano-particle size using differential optical phase detection

We demonstrate a size sensing technique for nano-particles using optical differential phase measurement by a dual fiber interferometer through phase-generated carrier (PGC) demodulation. Nano-particle diameters are obtained from the differential phase shift as a result of adding an optical scattering perturbation into two-beam interference. Polystyrene nano-particles with diameters from 200 to 900 nm in a microfluidic channel are detected using this technique to acquire real-time particle diameters. Compared with amplitude sensing with over 10 mW of laser irradiance, particle sizing by PGC phase sensing can be achieved at a laser power as low as 1.18 mW. We further analyze major sources of noise in order to improve the limits of detection. This sensing technique may find a broad range of applications from the real-time selection of biological cell samples to rare cell detection in blood samples for early cancer screening.
Conical sum-frequency generation in a bulk anomalous-like dispersion medium

We observe conical sum-frequency generation in a bulk anomalous-like dispersion medium, which is attributed to complete phase-matching of one fundamental wave and the scattering wave of the other fundamental wave. In addition, efficient sum-frequency output is achieved making use of total internal reflection with conversion efficiency of 7.9% by only one reflection. The experiment proposes a new phase-matching mode under an anomalous-like dispersion condition, which suggests potential applications in efficient frequency conversion.
基于2005~2015年文献的闭经患者的中医证治特征探讨

目的基于文献分析闭经的中医证治特征,以期对提高闭经的临床疗效有一定的指导作用。方法以“闭经”为关键词检索CNKI数据库中2005年至2015年发表的文章,检索到的556篇论文,自制文献信息调查量表,对每篇论文涉及的相关信息进行收集,分析闭经的中医证治特征。结果以闭经作为主要疾病或症状来研究的篇论文,其中有34篇硕士学位论文,发表的杂志较广,中医类期刊22种,西医及综合类期刊9种。论文类型主要有专家经验介绍,闭经病因探讨等。在177篇提到闭经证型的论文中,常见证型有:肾虚证、痰湿阻滞证、气滞血瘀证等。在111篇提到闭经中医治则治法的论文中,常用的治法有补肾、活血化瘀、疏肝理气等。在113篇提到中医方剂的论文中,除45篇为自拟方外,其余常用的方剂有四物汤、逍遥散、血府逐瘀汤等。在281篇提到中草药的论文中,使用频次高的草药有当归、熟地黄、川芎等。结论探讨闭经的中医证治特征能为闭经的临床证候诊断、遣方用药提供指导性的科学依据。
基于标准汤剂的丹参配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的探讨配方颗粒产品与传统汤剂的实际成分一致问题,建立基于标准汤剂的丹参配方颗粒质量标准。方法以不同产地15批次丹参饮片制备标准汤剂,通过HPLC测定标准汤剂中有效成分的转移率和指纹图谱,建立了基于标准汤剂的丹参配方颗粒的含量和指纹图谱质量标准。结果丹参中水溶性有效成分转移率较高,其中丹酚酸B的转移率平均为64%,迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A的转移率90%左右,而丹参素由于其他天然产物的转化,转移率大于100%。脂溶性的丹参酮类有效成分转移率只有4%左右。进一步对比其HPLC图谱,标定了共有峰12个,特征峰6个,其相似度在0.969 ~ 0.992。并基于以上标准汤剂数据,制定了丹参配方颗粒含量和指纹图谱质量标准。结论与直接根据配方颗粒成品测定值而得到的质量标准相比,基于标准汤剂的丹参配方颗粒质量标准,其更符合配方颗粒的中药汤剂固体化的临床目的,更具有合理性和科学性。
主动脉EVAR治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床效果分析

目的:探讨采用主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床效果。方法:对2014年3月—2016年9月手术治疗的97例肾下型腹主动脉瘤患者的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。根据手术方式分为主动脉腔内修复术治疗43例(EVAR组)和传统开腹手术54例(开腹组),对比两组患者的围手术期指标及治疗效果。结果:术后24 h观察,两组患者97例均手术成功,术中无患者死亡。开腹组实施单纯人工腹主动脉瘤血管移植(I型)18例,采取腹主-双髂动脉移植(IIa和IIb型)30例,腹主-双髂股动脉移植6例(IIc型);EVAR组中I型患者选择直管型支架置入11例, IIa和IIb型15例选择主-髂单臂型支架置入,IIa、IIb及IIc型17例选择分支型支架置入。与开腹组比较,EVAR组的手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、ICU停留时间、术后下床活动时间、禁食时间、住院时间均明显缩短或减少(P<0.05)。两组间并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(9.30% vs. 11.11%,χ~2=0.085,P=0.771)。结论:主动脉EVAR治疗腹主动脉瘤较开腹手术的主要优势是手术创伤小、恢复快的优点,同时手术效果可靠。
Simultaneously energy production and dairy wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical cells: In different environmental and hydrodynamic modes

A successful design, previously adapted for treatment of complex wastewaters in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), was used to fabricate two MFCs, with a few changes for cost reduction and ease of construction. Performance and electrochemical characteristics of MFCs were evaluated in different environmental conditions (in complete darkness and presence of light), and different flow patterns of batch and continuous in four hydraulic retention times from 8 to 30 h. Changes in chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations were evaluated. In contrast to the microbial fuel cell operated in darkness (D-MFC) with a stable open circuit voltage of 700 mV, presence of light led to growth of other species, and consecutively low and unsteady open circuit voltage. Although the performance of theMFC subjected to light (L-MFC)was quite lowand unsteady in dynamic state (internal resistance = 100 Ω, power density = 5.15 W·m~(-3)), it reached power density of 9.2 W·m~(-3) which was close to performance of D-MFC (internal resistance = 50 Ω, power density = 10.3 W·m~(-3)). Evaluated only for D-MFC, the coulombic efficiency observed in batch mode (30%) was quite higher than the maximum acquired in continuous mode (9.6%) even at the highest hydraulic retention time. In this study, changes in phosphate and different types of nitrogen existing in dairy wastewater were investigated for the first time. At hydraulic retention time of 8 h, the orthophosphate concentration in effluent was 84% higher compared to influent. Total nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were reduced 70% and 99% respectively at hydraulic retention time of 30 h, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased. The microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), revamped from D-MFC, showed the maximum gas production of 0.2 m~3 H_2·m~(-3)·d~(-1) at 700 mV applied voltage.
维吾尔药刺山柑果风湿止痛贴急性和慢性毒性试验研究

山柑科植物刺山柑Capparis spinosa L,作为经典的维吾尔药长期在临床和民间广泛使用,传统药用部位是刺山柑根皮,主要有祛风、散寒和除湿等作用,治疗风湿及类风湿性关节炎等疾病,在我国仅产于新疆、甘肃和西藏等地。近年来研究报道,刺山柑果含有与根皮相似的有效成分和具有相同的药理活性,具有替代传统根皮用药的前景。此外,刺山柑果入药能够有效解决根皮入药原料不足,以及过度采集导致当地植被破坏等问题,符合和谐生态理念。刺山柑果风湿止痛贴(以下简称刺山柑贴)采用现代药剂学手段将刺山柑果提取物制成凝胶贴。体外透皮实验及药效学研究显示,本品能够很好透过皮肤进入体内,发挥抗炎镇痛和治疗关节炎的作用。但目前在药物安全性方面,尚未系统考察其对动物急性毒性和重复给药反应,限制其进一步开发。本实验在GLP条件下开展刺山柑贴对大鼠的单次和重复给药毒性反应,为该药的临床前安全性评价、临床剂量设计和临床毒副反应监测提供参考依据,推动其进一步临床试验和开发。
MAPK信号通路在酒精性肝病发病中作用研究进展

酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)是长期大量饮酒导致的一种渐进性肝病,包括酒精性脂肪肝(alcoholic fatty liver,AFL) 、酒精性肝炎(alcoholic hepatitis,AH) 、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化等。由于特殊的酒文化以及近年来经济水平的提高,我国酒精性肝病的发病率日渐增加,已成为继乙型肝炎之后的第二大肝病,如何预防、治疗ALD已成为一个日益严峻的公共卫生问题。目前虽已有大量关于ALD机制的研究,但ALD发病的关键环节仍未完全阐明;尚未有药物或其他干预措施能通过某一靶点对ALD的防治达到理想效果。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogenactivated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路是将刺激从细胞膜传递至细胞核、诱导基因转录做出应答的一条经典路径,是细胞内重要的信号转导系统,已被证实参与了多种疾病的发病过程。近年来有研究发现ALD的发病伴随着MAPK信号通路的变化。因而,深入研究MAPK信号通路有可能找到ALD防治的一个重要靶点。本文拟就不同研究模型中MAPK信号通路的变化,及其与酒精性脂肪肝、肝炎和细胞凋亡等关系做一综述。
Study of Zero-Inflated Regression Models in a Large-Scale Population Survey of Sub-Health Status and Its Influencing Factors

Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to completely and accurately analyze findings in sub-healthy population. This study aims to compare the goodness of fit for count outcome models to identify the optimum model for sub-health study. Methods The sample of the study derived from a large-scale population survey on physiological and psychological constants from 2007 to 2011 in 4 provinces and 2 autonomous regions in China. We constructed four count outcome models using SAS: Poisson model, negative binomial (NB) model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The number of sub-health symptoms was used as the main outcome measure. The alpha dispersion parameter and O test were used to identify over-dispersed data, and Vuong test was used to evaluate the excessive zero count. The goodness of fit of regression models were determined by predictive probability curves and statistics of likelihood ratio test. Results Of all 78 307 respondents, 38.53% reported no sub-health symptoms. The mean number of sub-health symptoms was 2.98, and the standard deviation was 3.72. The statistic O in over-dispersion test was 720.995 (P<0.001); the estimated alpha was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.600-0.636) comparing ZINB model and ZIP model; Vuong test statistic Z was 45.487. These results indicated over-dispersion of the data and excessive zero counts in this sub-health study. ZINB model had the largest log likelihood (-167 519), the smallest Akaike's Information Criterion coefficient (335 112) and the smallest Bayesian information criterion coefficient (335455), indicating its best goodness of fit. The predictive probabilities for most counts in ZINB model fitted the observed counts best. The logit section of ZINB model analysis showed that age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity and obesity were determinants for presence of sub-health symptoms; the binomial negative section of ZINB model analysis showed that sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity, marital status and obesity had significant effect on the severity of sub-health. Conclusions All tests for goodness of fit and the predictive probability curve produced the same finding that ZINB model was the optimum model for exploring the influencing factors of sub-health symptoms.
远端蒂腓血管腓骨皮瓣修复跟骨伴软组织严重缺损

目的总结并探讨以腓血管远端为蒂的腓骨皮瓣修复跟骨伴软组织严重缺损的临床应用及疗效。方法2012年2月至2014年4月,对6例跟骨伴软组织严重缺损患者,在彻底进行清创的基础上,设计并采用腓血管远端蒂腓骨皮瓣予以修复重建。皮瓣移植面积4.0 cm×7.0 cm~6.0 cm×12.0 cm,腓骨切取长度为5.0~10.0 cm。术后通过随访观察皮瓣成活、跟骨骨愈合情况及患肢足跟功能评估疗效。结果6例患者均获得随访,时间6~30个月,平均18个月。所有患者皮瓣均成活良好,外形满意,未发生感染及骨髓炎;骨愈合时间5~11个月,平均9个月;末次随访时患侧足跟可负重行走,功能恢复良好。依据美国足踝骨科协会的足部评分标准(AOFAS)进行功能评价,评分71~91分,其中优2例,良3例,可1例。结论应用远端蒂腓血管腓骨皮瓣修复跟骨伴软组织严重缺损疗程短、效果好,是修复后足严重损伤的一种良好方法。
Survival difference between EGFR Del19 and L858R mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving gefitinib: a propensity score matching analysis

Objective: Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had been reported, the survival difference between exon 19 deletion (Del19) and exon 21 Leu858Arg substitution (L858R) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between different EGFR mutant subtypes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. Methods: There were 204 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the EGFR Del19 group and the L858R mutated group according to their mutant subtype. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted by using a nearest-neighbor algorithm (1:1) to adjust for demographical and clinical covariates. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. Results: The PFS in Del19 group was similar to that in the L858R group [before PSM 8.6 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.072; after PSM 7.3 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.155]. No differences were detected in OS between the L858R and the Del19 group (before PSM 17.8 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.253; after PSM 16.9 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.339). The Del19 group was significantly younger compared with the L858R mutation group in age (P=0.015). Conclusions: No significant difference was found in the PFS or OS between the Del19 and L858R mutant NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. The age gap might contribute to the survival differences between Del19 and L858R groups. PSM is of important value to the elimination of potential bias.
经后路单开门减压治疗儿童多节段颈椎间盘突出症一例报告

颈椎间盘突出症是颈椎间盘病变的一种病理过程,多见于中老年人,儿童发病率极低,文献报道其发生率约为成人的1%~2%[1-2],且多发者更为罕见。随着病情进展,突出的椎间盘常导致脊髓受压或血供障碍,严重着可引起感觉、运动和括约肌功能障碍。目前,其治疗以手术为主,包括前路、后路以及前后路联合手术等,前路手术适合于脊髓前方短节段压迫,如单纯1~2个节段椎间盘突出;后路手术适用于颈脊髓前后方多节段压迫者[3]。我院近期诊治1例多节段颈椎间盘突出的儿童,采用经后路单开门减压椎管成形术,随访结果显示手术疗效良好。旨在探讨儿童多节段颈椎间盘突出的发病机制、临床特征及治疗方式。