mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
PCR方法检测食品中致病菌常用的靶基因及其引物

自从KARY MULLIS等人首次运用PCR方法至今，该技术不断得到了优化和发展．已被广泛应用于各个技术领域。在食品微生物检测方面PCR方法同样具有应用优势。首先能在很短的时间内获得用传统方法几天才能得出的结果；其次如果基因和引物选择适当则可能避免传统方法中的假阳性和假阴性结果；此外有文献报道当反应体系中有0．5个菌细胞就能检出，这足以体现该方法的灵敏性，因此该方法因其快速、特异、灵敏而备受青睐。由此，该文介绍PCR方法检测食品中常见致病菌的靶基因及其引物。
介入治疗与冠状动脉支架的最新应用

心血管疾病目前已被公认为人类的“第一杀手”,全球每年约有1 700万人死于该病.在美国,每4名死亡者中就有2名死于心、脑、肺血管疾病,每年仅用于治疗冠心病和高血压的费用就已经超过2 260亿美元.
尿铅的氢化物原子荧光测定法

为了建立氢化物原子荧光法测定尿铅的方法,采用尿液经消化后,加入铁氰化钾、草酸、盐酸的混合溶液,用AFS-920双道原子荧光光度计测定.结果显示,盐酸为0.096 mol/L,铁氰化钾为8 g/L,草酸为0.4 g/L,硼氢化钾为15 g/L时,为最佳测定条件.本法的检出限为0.2μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.7%.提示,应用氢化物原子荧光法可测定尿液中的微量铅.
质朴的生命回转——评黄修林的现代陶艺艺蕴

在人类的文化进程中，陶是一个划时代的符号，标志着人类文明的发源和启动。火、水、泥土都是大自然的恩赐，当人类通过自己的智慧把这三者化合，创造出陶器时，人类由此摆脱原始状态，开始新的生活。古书记述“神农耕而陶焉”，说明制陶与农耕的历史一样悠久，人类早期文明与陶器有着密切的联系。我国现存最早的陶器残片，出土于南方地区的一些洞穴居住遗址，考证年代距今约9000至13000年左右，采用最原始的平地堆烧方法烧制而成。
海淀区发展对外部拉动效应分析

作为全国技术最密集、经济最发达的城区之一，海淀区的发展对北京市乃至全国具有重要的拉动作用。本文利用投入产出技术提出城区拉动效应的测算模型，并用专门编制的海淀区投入产出表，测度了海淀区发的发展对外界的拉动作用，用该计算结果分析海淀区在北京的地位和作用。该方法对于研究城区的发展政策有一定参考意义。
突发公共事件应急管理研究现状与展望

当前对突发公共事件应急管理研究已经引起了社会和学界的广泛关注。本文通过对现有文献的调研，针对实际需求，总结了应急管理的研究内容，并重点综述了其中的决策辅助模型，提出了应急管理今后发展的方向。本文的贡献主要有两点，一是从实际需求出发，对目前分散在不同领域的相关研究进行了初步总结，明确了应急管理研究的主体内容；二是对应急管理中使用的决策辅助模型的研究现状做了综述。
野扇花与几种耐阴性植物光合作用的比较

野扇花（Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf），为黄杨科野扇花属植物，常绿灌木，高1～3m，分支密集，茎及小枝均绿色。叶革质，椭圆状披针形，互生，长3．5～5．5cm，宽1～2．5cm，叶面亮绿，叶背淡绿，叶中脉基部有对生的侧脉；总状花序腋生，上部为雄花，下部为雌花，花小，乳白色，芳香，雄花具2枚小苞片，萼片4枚，花丝白色、花药黄色，雌花苞片苍绿色，萼片6枚，子房卵状长圆形，花柱3枚；核果球形，直径7～8mm，成熟时暗红色，宿存花柱3枚。花果期10月至翌年3月。分布于贵州、云南、四川、广西、湖南、陕西、甘肃等省（区）海拔400～2300m的石灰岩区的林缘、灌木丛、林下、路旁等地，在贵阳地区是一种在较为荫蔽的林缘、灌木丛内分布较广的野生灌木。前人对野扇花的研究多限于药用，如：“全株入药，治胃痛，跌打损伤；果治头晕心悸；根治喉咙肿痛”等，未见作为园林耐阴植物加以研究的相关报道。
原子力显微镜在生物制品中的应用

原子力显微镜（Atomic force microscope，AFM）是Binning等在1986年研制出来的，是一种揭示生物结构与性能的有力工具，具有比传统电子显微镜更高的放大倍数和极高的分辨率，能对从分子到原子尺度的结构进行三维成象和测量，可以在生理条件下实时进行，甚至能对生物样品进行纳米操纵。原子力显微镜越来越多地应用到生物领域的各个方面，如生物样品的形态结构、动态观察、力学特性、纳米操纵等，并且取得了许多令人鼓舞的成果。
注意识别胰性脑病和Wernicke脑病

近期在国内较多文献中有学者认为胰性脑病（pancreatie encephlopathy,PE）和Wernicke脑病有紧密关系,或者将迟发性胰性脑病（delayed pancreatic encephlopathy,DPE）称为Wernicke脑病.但我们认为两者在发病机制、临床表现和治疗方面均存在明显差异,故应引起注意和鉴别.
抗凝、溶栓治疗在急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成中的价值

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成（MVT）是一种少见的肠系膜血管阻塞性疾病,起病隐匿,缺乏特异临床症状和体征,以往很难早期诊断.当病程进展出现肠坏死时,虽可经剖腹探查确诊,但术后并发症、死亡率及复发率均较高.近几年,随着医学影像学的飞速发展和对本病认识的不断提高,使MVT的早期诊断成为可能,也使本病的治疗模式发生了转变.抗凝、溶栓治疗在本病的治疗中有着极其重要的意义,我们回顾性分析我院收治的22例急性MVT病历资料,旨在探讨抗凝溶栓治疗在本病中的价值.
起搏器致Bernheim 综合征一例

患者男性,76岁.因“反复胸闷、头晕1个月”,于2003年11月3日入院.查体：神志清,血压165/100 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）,颈静脉无怒张,心界向左扩大,心律绝对不规则,心率50次/min,心前区未闻及病理性杂音,双肺呼吸音清;腹软,肝、脾肋下未及;下肢无水肿,神经系统未见异常.心电图示：心房颤动（房颤）心律,心率50次/min,完全性右束支传导阻滞,左前分支传导阻滞.
遗传性对称性色素异常症两家系

家系1 先证者（V11），男，48岁。6～7岁发病，双手和足背出现点状淡或深褐色斑，随着年龄的增长色斑逐渐缓慢增多扩展，颜色加深，并出现淡白色斑片，互相交错融合成网状。查体：一般情况良好，系统检查未见明显异常。皮肤科检查：四肢末端手足背部对称性针尖至绿豆大色素脱失斑，其中心有小岛状色素增加的褐黑色斑，其边缘亦有色素增加且呈网状。诊断为遗传性对称性色素异常症。
舟山市定海区农村与渔村初中学生的营养状况分析

为了解农渔村初中学生营养与贫血状况，探讨二者之间的关系，制订科学的干预措施，我们于2005年9至10月对舟山市定海区的农村和渔村初中学生进行了营养状况等级评价和血红蛋白检测分析。
星状神经节阻滞配合推拿治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床研究

椎动脉型颈椎病是颈椎病中较常见的一种类型，我科采用星状神经节阻滞配合推拿疗法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病患者45例，并与单纯采用推拿治疗的椎动脉型颈椎病患者37例进行临床对照观察。
中药熏蒸汽浴法治疗膝骨性关节炎43例

膝骨性关节炎（knee osteoarthritis，KOA）是中老年人的常见疾病，是引起膝关节疼痛的主要原因之一。我科自2003年12月至2005年5月应用中药熏蒸汽浴法治疗43例膝骨性关节炎患者，报道如下。
晚期非小细胞肺癌射频消融治疗的疗效观察

肺癌是高发癌症，其中约85％为非小细胞肺癌，这些患者中约40％在诊断时已属局部晚期或有转移，在发现肿瘤时已经失去手术机会，或是在手术开胸后发现无法切除。射频消融是一种治疗肿瘤的新技术，最初用于治疗肝癌并取得较好效果，近年来广泛应用于肺癌治疗。自我院2002年1月以来采取射频消融方法共医治45例Ⅲb-Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者，现报道如下。
小电流接地选线装置的现场接地选线试验

由于小电流接地选线装置无国家标准及行业标准，同时现场运行中影响其选线准确性的因素很多，因此现场接地试验是确认装置是否满足现场工况的惟一方法。提出了固定电阻接地、电弧接地、间歇接地3种现场接地试验的方法及步骤，通过运行数据证明了现场接地选线试验对判定选线装置是否合格的有效性。
基于短期负荷预测的超短期负荷预测曲线外推法

针对短期和超短期负荷预测的特点，提出了一种基于短期负荷预测的超短期负荷预测曲线外推算法。该算法充分利用了短期负荷预测已取得的成果，解决了传统采用负荷历史数据进行超短期负荷预测时在拐点、天气剧烈变化和节假日期间负荷预测精度下降的问题。为了提高负荷预测精度，还讨论了在进行超短期负荷预测时，对历史坏数据的处理以及对短期负荷预测中对拐点预测不准的修正等实用性问题。通过在四川电网调度自动化系统中的应用结果表明，该方法速度快，精度高，运行可靠稳定，具有较强的适应性。
电力系统微分代数模型的奇异性和多能量函数面（续完）

仍以图1所示系统为研究对象，考虑如下动态负荷模型：PL=P0，QL=Q0＋KV，即有功功率采用恒功率模型，无功功率采用一阶电压变化依赖的模型，它近似描述了感应电动机的动态特性。这时系统DAE模型中的式（12）变为微分方程，式（11）仍保持代数方程。从某种角度来说，可把该模型视为一种介于纯粹的DAE模型和奇异扰动模型之间的“半”扰动形式，下文借此来考察奇异扰动的影响。
基于流程的地区电网电能量采集系统设计和应用

根据流程的基本理论和实现技术，并结合电力企业电能量管理的业务要求，提出了基于流程的地区电能量采集系统设计方案，重点阐述了设计思想和工作原理。通过该设计原理实现的电能量采集系统已在金华电业局得到成功应用。
关于腧穴学教学方式的探索

提高教学质量是一个复杂的系统工程,特别是中医教学,必须把握好理论与实践、课堂与临床、书本与经验的有机结合,掌握好学生与教师的互动,传授知识与兴趣培养的并重,获取知识与获取知识技巧的并存,授课艺术的提高与课堂气氛的活跃,教学方法的多元化和合理应用等等.在教学工作中,笔者有如下的体会.
汪慧敏治疗子宫内膜异位症经验

子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）是由于子宫内膜生长在子宫腔以外的部位,引起一系列病理变化和临床症状.主要是异位的内膜在女性激素周期性作用下发生充血、渗血、出血及剥脱等月经变化.其临床主要表现为痛经、月经紊乱、不孕等,属中医“痛经”、“症瘕”、“不孕”范畴,为妇科常见病和多发病.
论中医体质研究的3个关键问题（下）

1体病相关论1.1体病相关的依据1.1.1体质状态决定发病与否及发病的倾向性：体质和正气均以脏腑经络、气血津液作为生命活动的物质基础.体质强弱是对正气强弱的具体诠释,能在一定程度上反映正气的盛衰.正气的强弱是人体是否发病的决定因素.因此,个体体质的差异性可导致个体对某些致病因素有着易感性,或对某些疾病有着易罹性、倾向性.
肝豆状核变性从毒邪论治探讨

肝豆状核变性（WD）是内生毒邪为患,铜浊毒邪贯穿于WD发生、发展和变化的整个病变过程.中医治疗可分为：（1）疏肝利胆排毒;（2）通腑利尿排毒;（3）清热泻火解毒;（4）健脾助运,升清降浊排毒;（5）通络活血排毒.
威灵仙治疗外伤所致神经损伤

临床中常见因跌扑或暴力冲击等因所致的肢体组织损害，引起局部组织神经损伤，运动障碍，肌肤麻木，或痛感迟钝而不消失。笔者以重用威灵仙为主药，用量多在20-50g，配当归、地龙、红花、鸡血藤为基本方药。上肢加姜黄、桑枝；肩胛胸脊部加葛根、狗脊、桔梗；腰部及下肢加续断、桑寄生、川牛膝；血瘀加乳香、没药；肢体伸屈不利，运动障碍明显加伸筋草；气虚加生黄芪，均收良效。
济心胶囊抗心力衰竭的实验研究

中药复方制剂济心胶囊是我们临床治疗心力衰竭的经验方，为阐明其治疗心力衰竭的机理，我们研究了济心胶囊对与心肌细胞凋亡及心室重塑相关的神经内分泌激素、细胞因子的影响，现报告如下。
补肾疏肝清热活血方治疗寻常痤疮215例

寻常痤疮是一种毛囊、皮脂腺的慢性炎症，好发于颜面、胸背部，可形成黑头粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节、囊肿等损害。是青年男女常见的皮肤疾患，常常给患者带来生活、工作的不便和心理上的影响。我们于2003年1月～2005年6月采用在长期临床实践中总结出的补肾疏肝活血方治疗本病215例，取得良好疗效，现报告如下。
四元数矩阵的列左秩

建立了四元数矩阵列右秩与列左秩的关系不等式,解决了一类满足列左秩条件的矩阵方程的解存在性问题,给出了一类列左秩与列右秩相等的自共轭四元数矩阵,并针对此类矩阵中的任意两元A和B,构造性地得到了A与B可换的充要条件,进一步就A与B可换情形下,证明了AB的列左秩与列右秩仍相等.最后,就四元数矩阵列左秩的几个相关问题,通过举例作出了回答.
具有循环反馈的Lurie控制系统绝对稳定性及在混沌同步中的应用

研究了反馈变量是状态变量的隐式形式的两个Lurie系统所形成的M-S误差系统的绝对稳定性,得到了平衡位置绝对稳定的充要条件及一系列代数充分条件,当绝对稳定性的充要条件和充分条件都不满足时,提出了绝对镇定的概念,即加以某种尽可能简便的反馈控制项实现误差系统的绝对稳定,给出了具体的设计方案.最后,作为应用,研究了两个Chua氏混沌电路形成的误差系统,如何化为Lurie系统形式,实现两个Chua电路的全局同步.
P53亚细胞定位变化对POLD1基因启动子活性的影响

POLD1基因编码DNA聚合酶δ（polδ）的催化亚基.体外实验表明p53能够抑制POLD1基因启动子活性.文中探讨p53是否在细胞内直接与POLD1启动子结合调节POLD1基因表达.在瞬时转染pEGFP-p53重组质粒的人乳腺癌MCF7细胞中,p53表达增强;RT-PCR结果显示POLD1基因mRNA表达受到抑制.染色体免疫共沉淀和荧光素酶报告基因实验证明p53在细胞内与POLD1启动子直接结合抑制其启动子活性.荧光显微镜观察发现EGFP-p53在G1期进入细胞核而在S期和G2期则被转运至细胞质.在稳定表达的pEGFP-p53细胞系中,细胞周期同步化后POLD1启动子活性在细胞周期各时相均处于较低水平.证明了细胞内p53高表达后通过直接与POLD1启动子结合而抑制POLD1基因表达,且这种抑制作用不受细胞周期进程的影响.
新一代固态纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池电解质研究进展

简要介绍了纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池的结构及工作原理.根据电解质的形态不同,将其分为液态电解质太阳能电池、准固态电解质太阳能电池和固态电解质太阳能电池.着重对纳晶染料敏化太阳能电池准固态和固态电解质的研究进展进行了综述,同时总结了作者所在实验室在这方面所做的工作.
铁和磷对原甲藻和隐藻暴发性增殖的限制与协同影响

从微观尺度研究了铁磷对赤潮藻（原甲藻,Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg;隐藻,Cryptomonas sp.）生长发育的限制作用和协同影响,并通过正交实验定量地观测了在不同铁磷浓度水平下藻类的生长状况.结果表明,铁缺乏会造成藻细胞叶绿体和线粒体发生扭曲和变形,从而导致藻类生长速度减慢;铁和磷的交互作用对藻类生长产生明显的影响,藻类生长速率最大、世代时间最短的组合浓度是铁为50 nmol·L^-1,磷为50μmol·L^-1;藻类对铁磷的吸收具有协同性,藻细胞中铁与磷的含量之间具有极显著的相关性（R=0.9979）,得出藻细胞中磷与铁的摩尔比为nP/nFe=356：1;光照度对藻细胞吸收铁磷产生重要影响,在低光照度下,藻细胞吸收铁磷的量大于在高光照度下对铁磷的吸收量.这些研究结果为揭示赤潮发生的关键性控制因子提供了新的认识.
过去5000年中国气温变化序列重建

根据近20年来基于孢粉、石笋、湖泊沉积、泥炭、冰芯、历史文献等代用证据重建的中国31个地点（区）的温度变化序列,利用集成方法重建了中国过去5000a来分辨率为100a的气温变化序列.结果显示：在千年尺度的变化上,3050-250BC为温暖时期,250BC 1950AD为寒冷时期,在这两个千年尺度的冷暖气候期中又明显存在次一级的冷暖波动阶段.5000a来中国不同区域之间还存在明显的冷暖变化差异,特别是在东部季风区、青藏区和西北区之间,在2850BC,2350BC,1350BC,950-350BC,50-250AD和550AD等百年-数百年阶段上还存在反相波动.与北半球其他地区过去5000a来温度变化研究结果比较,中国的气温变化与这些地区在长时间尺度的变化上具有同步性,但在百年-数百年尺度的变化上,冷暖气候期的起止时间存在差异,说明冷暖气候变化在不同地区可能不是同时发生的.
脑电多极子模型及仿真分析研究

为寻求能更好反映头皮电位分布的等效脑电源模型，建立了脑电（EEG）的电流多极子模型，采用三层介质头球模型分别对单、双电流偶极子源情况进行了计算机仿真分析，并引入适合度（GOF）、不适度（ND）和比适度（DD）等评价参数．仿真结果表明：与偶极子模型相比，多极子模型能够更好地拟合等效脑电源（尤其是双电流偶极子源）和反映真实头皮电位分布，具有较高的GOF数值．因此建议采用脑电多极子模型用于头皮脑电信息分析．
转抗除草剂基因油菜与5种十字花科杂草的基因流研究

通过荧光显微镜和人工杂交授粉结实情况的观察，研究了抗草甘膦甘蓝型油菜Q3（Brassica．napus L．）与5种十字花科杂草的杂交亲和性．结果表明，遏蓝菜（Thlaspi arvense L．）、荠菜[Capsella bursa-pastoris（L．）Medic]、碎米荠（Cardamine hirsutaL．）、风花菜[Rorippa palustris（L．）Besser]（作母本）与Q3（作父本）杂交高度不亲和．荧光显微镜观察发现花粉管生长受阻，分别停滞在上述杂草的柱头表面或花柱上部1／3处；而野芥菜×Q3则表现出一定程度的亲和性，亲和指数为1．65．在大田邻近间隔种植和自然授粉条件下，Q3与遏蓝菜、荠菜、碎米荠和风花菜间的基因流频率为0，与野芥菜间的频率为0．86％．上述结果表明转抗除草剂基因油菜与十字花科杂草间存在不同程度的基因流，基因流频率与杂交亲和性高度相关．
副油箱从机翼分离流场的数值模拟

采用非结构网格的方法对含有动边界的流场进行数值模拟，非结构动网格的生成采用了改进的弹簧方法和局部网格重新生成相结合的方法，在网格局部重新生成时，采用了阵面推进方法．以基于格心的有限体积法为基础，空间二阶精度，网格单元边界处守恒量通量的计算采用Hanel方法．分别采用四阶Runge—Kutta方法、GMRES方法求解基于ALE形式的Euler方程对振动的NACA0012翼型绕流进行了计算，两种方法都是可行的，其中GMRES隐式方法计算的结果与文献中结果以及实验结果吻合较好．对副油箱从机翼分离的过程进行模拟，给出的副油箱运动趋势和风洞实验结果相吻合．
两层流体中水波与水面漂浮矩形箱的相互作用

研究了两层流体中表面波和内波模态的水波与水面漂浮矩形箱的相互作用问题．基于特征函数匹配理论，提出了在两种模态入射波作用下水面漂浮矩形箱的反射与透射能量，以及作用在其上的波浪力的解析计算方法．研究表明，对两层流体，两种模态水波的能量是可以互相转化的，而且除了表面波模态的波浪力外，还有内波模态的波浪力．基于所建立的求解模型，对矩形箱的反射与透射能量，以及作用在其上的波浪力进行了数值计算分析，表明了在某个频率范围内，流体的分层效应对这些水动力量的影响是不可忽视的．特别是当矩形箱的底部位于两层流体界面上时，两种模态的能量转化量是最大的，而且内波模态波浪力的影响更显著．
鸡复等位基因BF2与β2m的结构解析

为了阐明鸡主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ（BF）和β2微球蛋白（β2m）不同复等位基因的分子结构，利用pMAL-p2X／E．coli TB1系统表达了5类不同复等位基因BF2的胞外区和一类新的β2m，并采用纯化、蛋白酶切和Western blot进行了鉴定．最后，采用圆二色谱（CD）测定了各重组蛋白的二级结构以及同源模建了其三级结构．5类不同复等位基因的BF2蛋白分子中的α-螺旋、β-片层、转角和随机卷曲的氨基酸长度分别为69—73，67—72，35—37和94—98．5类不同复等位基因BF2和一类新的β2m蛋白分子的同源模建揭示了其结构与人和鼠的MHCⅠ类分子类似，但各有其特征性的结构；研究获得了正确折叠、不同复等位基因的BF2和β2m蛋白分子，并为进一步形成BF2—β2m复合体、鉴定抗原表位提供了依据．
纳米磁性材料的交换耦合相互作用、有效各向异性和磁性能

介绍了纳米磁性材料中晶粒之间交换耦合相互作用的模型和理论，指出了早期理论与实验的差别及不足之处，重点评述了关于纳米复合永磁材料相成分和晶粒微结构与有效各向异性及磁性能关系的理论改进．
黄土高原地区植物叶片养分组成的空间分布格局

对黄土高原地区由南向北分布的杨凌、永寿、铜川、富县、安塞、米脂和神木等7个站点126个植物样品的叶片有机碳（C）、全氮（N）、全磷（P）和全钾（K）等化学组分的空间分布及其与气候因子的关系进行研究．结果表明，黄土高原区植物叶片有机C，N，P和K的变化范围分别为32．6％-54．8％，0．82％-4．58％，0．06％-0．35％和0．24%-4．21％，平均值分别为43．8％，2．41％，0．16％和1．67％，叶片养分含量大小为：C〉N〉K〉P．叶片C／N、C／P和N／P的变化范围分别为7—62，93—826和7—29，平均值分别为21．2，312和15．4．黄土高原区植物的叶片N含量显著高于我国及全球尺度的植物平均N含量，而P含量又显著低于全球尺度的植物平均P含量，以致叶片N／P较高．黄土高原区乔木、灌木和草本植物，常绿和落叶乔木，C3和C4草本植物7种生活型植物之间的叶片C，N，P，K和C／N，C／P差异均达极显著水平，而N／P差异不显著．黄土高原区126个植物样品的叶片C含量与N，P，K含量均成极显著的负相关，而N，P，K之间均成极显著的正相关，其中以N和P之间的相关性最强．黄土高原区叶片N／P与纬度和年日照均呈显著的正相关，与年降雨量呈显著的负相关，与年均温度的负相关性不显著．
肺炎支原体肺炎患儿Th1、Th2细胞免疫功能变化分析

肺炎支原体肺炎的发病机制除与病原体的直接感染有关外，还与免疫功能失调相关。收集我院2003年1月至2005年1月31例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿及15例健康儿童进行外周血淋巴细胞亚群及辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群Th1、Th2细胞的检测，探讨肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的免疫功能及其相互关系，现报告如下。
Two-Particle Cluster Theory for Biaxial Nematic Phase Based on a Recently Proposed Interaction Potential

Two-particle cluster theory is applied to study the biaxial nematic phase formed by biaxial molecules interacting with a simplified model proposed by Sonnet et al. [Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 061701]. For the temperature dependences of the internal energy per particle and of the order parameters, the two-particle theory yields an improved result compared with mean field theory. Concerning the phase diagram, the two-particle theory gives the numerical result in qualitative agreement with the mean field theory.
Ultra-Broadened Supercontinuum Generation in a Novel Dispersion-Flattened and Decreasing Fibre

A new approach is introduced to enhance supercontinuum (SC) spectrum in a dispersion-flattened/decreasing fibre with a convex dispersion profile. A flat SC spectrum nearly extending from 1200 nm to 2100 nm can be generated based on this scheme. It is found that group-velocity dispersions (GVD) and self-phase modulation (SPM) effects are the primary factors for pump pulse compression and SC spectrum generation, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect plays an essential role on the final SC-spectrum bandwidth and flatness, but self-steepening effect can be ignored.
Elastic Constants of NaCl under Pressure via First-Principles Calculations

The elastic constants of the B1 structure NaCl under pressure are obtained by using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The obtained zero pressure lattice constant and elastic constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data. It is found that the elastic constants C11 and C12 and the bulk modulus B increase monotonically with pressure P, however C44 increases monotonically when P≤28 GPa and decreases when P>28 GPa. Moreover, we discuss the B1-B2 structure phase transition of NaCl and obtain the transition pressure of 28.3 GPa.
Effect of Pulse Temporal Profile on Autler–Townes Splitting in Photoelectron Spectrum

The effect of pulse temporal profiles on the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in photoelectron spectra is theoretically studied by employing the time-dependent wave packet method for a rotational Na2 molecule. The AT splitting which results from the sufficient Rabi oscillations is affected by the pulse profile and molecular alignment. The AT splitting may be observed only by utilizing proper pulse profiles with a certain intensity.
Capacity of a Simultaneous Quantum Secure Direct Communication Scheme between the Central Party and Other M Partiesd

We analyse the capacity of a simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme between the central party and other M parties via M+1-particle GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement. It is shown that the encoding scheme should be secret if other M parties wants to transmit M+1 bit classical messages to the centre party secretly. However, when the encoding scheme is announced publicly, we prove that the capacity of the scheme in transmitting the secret messages is 2 bits, no matter how large M is.
Molecular Cloning and Bacterial Expression of Germacrene A Synthase cDNA from Crepidiastrum sonchifolium

Germacrene A synthase(GAS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of germacrene A, which is a key precursor for sesquiterpene lactones. Cloning of a novel full-length cDNA encoding GAS from the medicinal plant Crepidiastrum sonchifolium(designated CsGAS) is reported in this study. The cDNA is 1837 bp long and contains a 1680 bp open reading frame encoding a 559 amino-acid protein. The functional expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli, as an N-terminal thioredoxin fusion protein, with the pET32a vector yielding a recombinant enzyme. Sequence analysis was used to compare this enzyme with the mechanistically related epi-aristolochene synthase from tobacco, and the effect of possible involvement of a number of amino acids in sesquiterpene synthase on product specificity was also discussed.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Wax Precipitation in Crude Oils

Most of the crude oils contain waxes which precipitate when temperature drops, resulting in deposition in pipelines and production equipment. It is necessary to set up a model which can predict the wax appearance temperature and the amount of solid precipitated in the different conditions. A modified thermodynamic solid-liquid equilibrium model to calculate wax precipitation in crude oil systems has been developed recently. The assumption that precipitated waxes consist of several solid phases is adopted in this research, and the solid-solid transition is also considered in the modified model. The properties of the pseudo-components are determined by using empirical correlations. New correlations for properties of solid-solid and solid-liquid transitions are also established in this work on the basis of the data from the literature. The results predicted by the proposed model for three crude oil systems are compared with the experimental data and the calculated results from the literature, and good agreement is observed.
Structural Characteristics of Mesophase Spheres Prepared from Coal Tar Pitch Modified by Phenolic Resin

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) were prepared from coal tar pitch modified by phenolic resin and from the same pitch modified by phenolic resin and hexamethylenetetramine at 440℃ for 1h. By investigating the morphology of mesophase spheres and the structure of the MCMB carbonized at 1000℃ for 1h using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD, it was found that phenolic resin accelerated the formation and coalescence of mesophase spheres. Some of the obtained MCMB were bi- or tri-spheres with the distorted microtextural carbon layers. Hexamethylenetetramine in the pitch modified by phenolic resin accelerated the condensation of phenolic resin and consequently expedited the combination of mesophase spheres, which was proved by the formation of some tetra-spheres. Owing to the cross-linkage of the additives, MCMB with complex structure were obtained.
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of a Whole Industrial Cata-lytic Naphtha Reforming Process on Aspen Plus Platform

A new 18-lump kinetic model for naphtha catalytic reforming reactions is discussed. By developing this model as a user module, a whole industrial continuous catalytic reforming process is simulated on Aspen plus platform. The technique utilizes the strong databases, complete sets of modules, and flexible simulation tools of the Aspen plus system and retains the characteristics of the proposed kinetic model. The calculated results are in fair agreement with the actual operating data. Based on the model of the whole reforming process, the process is optimized and the optimization results are tested in the actual industrial unit for about two months. The test shows that the process profit increases about 1000yuan?h-1 averagely, which is close to the calculated result.
Reproductive Ecology of Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith (Zingiberaceae) in South Yunnan, China: A Ginger with Bird Pollination Syndrome

Rhynchanthus beesianus W. W. Smith (Zingiberaceae) is an epiphytic tropical ginger with a very conspicuous floral display, but almost no fruit set under field conditions. The reproductive ecology encompassing phenology, floral biology, and pollination and breeding systems was investigated in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The flowers possess a typical bird pollination syndrome, but no effective pollinators were observed during 138 h of observation. Female Black-breasted Sunbird (Aethopyga saturata) and bumblebees visited R. beesianus regularly, but they all played roles as nectar robbers. No fruit was found in the bagging treatment, and fruit set following manual self-pollination ((57.55 ± 4.08)%) was comparable with cross-pollination ((64.32 ± 4.42)%), suggesting that R. beesianus is self-compatible but spontaneous self-pollination in this species does not occur. Seed set of open-pollination ((26.42 ± 3.11)%) was significantly lower than manual self-pollination ((73.41 ± 4.16)%) and cross-pollination ((75.56 ± 4.52)%), confirming that R. beesianus was dependent on animals for fertilization and suffered a serious pollinator-limitation.
Advances in Research on Genetically Engineered Plants for Metal Resistance

The engineering application of natural hyperaccumulators in removing or inactivating metal pollutants from soil and surface water in field trials mostly presents the insurmountable shortcoming of low efficiency owing to their little biomass and slow growth. Based on further understanding of the molecular mechanism of metal uptake, translocation, and also the separation, identification, and cloning of some related functional genes, this article highlights and summarizes in detail the advances in research on transgenic techniques, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and particle bombardment, in breeding of plants for metal resistance and accumulation, and points out that deepening the development of transgenic plants is one of the efficient approaches to improving phytoremediation efficiency of metal-contaminated environments. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, governments should strengthen support to the development of genetic engineering for metal resistance and accumulation in plants.
Cross-linked Polyethylenimine as Potential DNA Vector for Gene Delivery with High Efficiency and Low Cytotoxicity

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been known as an efficient gene carrier with the highest cationic charge potential. High transfection efficiency of PEI, along with its cytotoxicity, strongly depends on its molecular weight. To enhance its gene delivery efficiency and minimize cytotoxicity, we have synthesized small cross-linked PEI with biodegradable linkages and evaluated their transfection efficiencies in vitro. In this study, branched PEI with a molecular weight of 800 Da was cross-linked by small diacrylate [1,4-butanediol diacrylate or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)] for 2-6 h. The efficiencies of the cross-linked PEI in in vitro transfection of plasmid DNA containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene were assessed in melanoma B16F10 cell line and other cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the cellular entry efficiency of plasmid and the transgene expression level. The cytotoxicities- of the cross-linked PEI in these cells were evaluated by MTT assay. EGDMA-PEI 800-4h, a typical cross-linked PEI reported here, mediated a more efficient expression of reporter gene than the commercially available 25-kDa branched PEI control, and resulted in a 9-fold increase in gene delivery in B16F10 cells and a 16-fold increase in 293T cells, while no cytotoxicity was found at the optimized condition for gene delivery. Furthermore, the transfection activity of polyplexes was preserved in the presence- of serum proteins.
MODIFICATION OF POLYETHYLENE BY in situ FORMED SODIUM ACRYLATE

To improve the water tree resistance of PE, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was compounded with sodium acrylate (NaAA) for in situ polymerization, in which NaAA was formed through the neutralization of acrylic acid (AA) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) before adding dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to initiate the in situ graft polymerization and homo polymerization. A series of LLDPE/NaAA compounds were investigated for their water absorption ratio (WAR) measurement, water treeing, mechanical and dielectric properties. The results strongly suggest that NaAA can improve the water tree resistance of LLDPE. In addition, the LLDPE/NaAA compounds possess satisfactory mechanical properties and dielectric properties. Characterization of LLDPE/NaAA compounds by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) suggests that the neutralization and polymerization reaction could be achieved effectively. Using adequate DCP content is the key factor for controlling the polymerization of NaAA with precise conversion ratio.
Preparation of ultrafine nickel powder by wet chemical process

The main technical problems of nickel powder for multiplayer ceramic capacitors are particle size controlling, the agglomeration and tap density. Ultrafine nickel powders with submicron size and spherical shape were synthesized by the hydrazine reduction of nickel sulfate in ethanol-water solvent. The effects of reaction temperature, nucleator and flow rate of nickel sulfate solution on nickel powders properties were investigated. The nickel particles synthesized were characterized by SEM and TGA. The results show that the average particle size changes from 0.1 to 0.7 μm by adjusting reaction temperature (53–73 °C) and flow rate of nickel sulfate solution (50–100 mL/min). Moreover, temperature below 60 °C and appropriate flow rate of nickel sulfate solution (85 mL/min) are in favor of obtaining particles with high tap density (>3.0 g/cm~3). In addition, the introduction of nucleator is useful to obtaining particles with narrow size distribution.
Preparation of ultrafine core-shell nickel spheres via self-sacrificial template

Self-sacrificial template, which is freshly precipitated Ni(OH)_2 colloid, is used to fabricate ultrafine core-shell nickel spheres. The size distribution, morphology, chemical and catalyzed properties of the synthesized spheres can be controlled by regulating the preparation conditions. The varying conditions are: initial nickel ion concentration, the pH value of the solution, the scouring agent and the anion in saline solution. With very little Ni~(2+) concentration in the solution, the hollow spheres are formed. The higher the alkali content, the more the ultrafine colloidal cores.
Effect of turbulent flow on electromagnetic elimination with high frequency magnetic field

The results of experiments and simulations show that there is a turbulent flow in the molten aluminum and it is hard to be restrained in the thin tubule (diameter of 6 mm) when the electromagnetic body force is applied. The electromagnetic elimination experimental results show that the flow has serious effect on the elimination of 5 μm alumina inclusions, but has little effect on the 30 μm and 100 μm primary silicon. The effects of the electromagnetic field and the turbulent flow on the electromagnetic elimination are discussed.