mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Biochar and organic substitution improved net ecosystem economic benefit in intensive vegetable production

Biochar amendment and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic manure (organic substitution) have been widely reported to increase crop production and decrease reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss including nitrous oxide (N_2O),nitric oxide (NO),and ammonia (NH_3) emissions,and N runoff and leaching.However,few comprehensive evaluations have been performed on the environmental and economic aspects of biochar amendment or organic substitution.Here,we studied the comprehensive effects of biochar amendment,organic substitution,and biochar amendment combined with organic substitution on crop production,Nr loss,and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) in intensive vegetable production by integrating life-cycle assessment for Nr footprints,empirical models for NH_3 volatilization and N runoff and leaching derived from peer-reviewed publications and validated by the current measurements and direct field measurement for N_2O and NO emissions during 5 consecutive years of vegetable crop rotations.Five fertilization treatments were applied (SN:synthetic fertilizer application;SNB:SN plus 20 t ha~(-1)biochar amendment;SNM:substituting 50% of chemical N fertilizer with organic manure;SNMB:SNM plus 20 t ha~(-1)biochar amendment;and CK:no fertilizer or biochar addition).Compared with the SN,the SNB increased vegetable yield (28.4%,p <0.05;interannually varying from -10 to 74.9%) and nitrogen use efficiency (29.2%,interannually varying from -39.7 to 150.4%),and decreased field Nr loss (45.4%,p <0.01;interannually varying from-40.3 to 78.4%),and thus improved NEEB by 7.1%;meanwhile,the SNM increased vegetable yield (11.6%,interannually varying from-5.4 to 27.1%) and nitrogen use efficiency (45.7%,p <0.05;interannually varying from 2.3 to 154%),reduced field Nr loss (34.9%,p <0.01;interannually varying from 8.4-39.0%),and thus improved NEEB by 17.8% (p <0.05) compared to the SN,being 56.0 × 10~3 Chinese Yuan (CNY) ha~(-1)crop-1.Due to the high foreground Nr loss during organic manure production and high input costs of biochar production,the SNMB decreased the NEEB by 8.0% as compared to the SN.Moreover,the SNB and SNM improved vegetable qualities by increasing protein,soluble sugar,and vitamin C contents while decreasing nitrate content (p <0.05).Therefore,single application of biochar amendment or organic substitution would achieve better NEEB and product quality in vegetable production.
Functional characterization of the tomato HAIRPLUS gene reveals the implication of the epigenome in the control of glandular trichome formation

Trichomes are specialised epidermal cells developed in the aerial surface of almost every terrestrial plant. These structures form physical barriers, which combined with their capability of synthesis of complex molecules, prevent plagues from spreading and confer trichomes a key role in the defence against herbivores. In this work, the tomato gene HAIRPLUS(HAP) that controls glandular trichome density in tomato plants was characterised. HAP belongs to a group of proteins involved in histone tail modifications although some also bind methylated DNA. HAP loss of function promotes epigenomic modifications in the tomato genome reflected in numerous differentially methylated cytosines and causes transcriptomic changes in hap mutant plants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that HAP links epigenome remodelling withmulticellular glandular trichome development and reveal that HAP is a valuable genomic tool for pest resistance in tomato breeding.
Function and transcriptional regulation of CsKCS20 in the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids and wax biosynthesis in Citrus sinensis flavedo

Cuticular wax on plant aerial surfaces plays a vital role in the defense against various stresses, and the genes related to wax metabolism have been well documented in several model plants. However, there is very limited research on the key enzymes and transcription factors(TFs) associated with carbon chain distribution and wax biosynthesis in citrus fruit. In this study, an analysis of wax metabolites indicated that even carbon-chain(C_(24)-C_(28)) metabolites are the dominant wax components in citrus fruit, and a 3- ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS) family gene(CsKCS20) plays an important role in the carbon chain distribution during wax biosynthesis in a wax-deficient mutant(MT). Expression of CsKCS20 in yeast indicated that CsKCS20 can catalyze the biosynthesis of C_(22) and C_(24) very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs). In addition, transcriptome and sequence analysis indicated that the differential expression of CsKCS20 between the wild-type(WT) and MT fruit can be partly attributed to the regulation of CsMYB96, which was further confirmed by yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSAs) and dual luciferase assays. The functions of CsMYB96 and CsKCS20 in wax biosynthesis were further validated by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. In summary, this study elucidates the important roles of CsKCS20 and CsMYB96 in regulating VLCFA elongation and cuticular wax biosynthesis, which provides new directions for the improvement of citrus fruit wax quality in genetic breeding programs.
The reference genome of Camellia chekiangoleosa provides insights into Camellia evolution and tea oil biosynthesis

Camellia oil extracted from Camellia seeds is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and secondary metabolites beneficial to human health. However, no oil-tea tree genome has yet been published, which is a major obstacle to investigating the heredity improvement of oiltea trees. Here, using both Illumina and PicBio sequencing technologies, we present the first chromosome-level genome sequence of the oil-tea tree species Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.(CCH). The assembled genome consists of 15 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 2.73 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 185.30 Mb. At least 2.16 Gb of the genome assembly consists of repetitive sequences, and the rest involves a high-confidence set of 64 608 protein-coding gene models. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the CCH genome underwent a whole-genome duplication event shared across the Camellia genus at ~57.48 MYA and a γ-WGT event shared across all core eudicot plants at ~120 MYA. Gene family clustering revealed that the genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis have undergone rapid expansion. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of oleic acid accumulation- and terpenoid biosynthesis-associated genes in six tissues.We found that these genes tend to be highly expressed in leaves, pericarp tissues, roots, and seeds. The first chromosome-level genome of oil-tea trees will provide valuable resources for determining Camellia evolution and utilizing the germplasm of this taxon.
Development of a single-cell atlas for woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca) leaves during early Botrytis cinerea infection using single-cell RNA-seq

Pathogen invasion leads to fast, local-to-systemic signal transduction that initiates plant defense responses. Despite tremendous progress in past decades, aspects of this process remain unknown, such as which cell types respond first and how signals are transferred among cell types. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq of >50 000 single cells to document the gene expression landscape in leaves of woodland strawberry during infection by Botrytis cinerea and identify major cell types.We constructed a single-cell atlas and characterized the distinct gene expression patterns of hydathode, epidermal, and mesophyll cells during the incubation period of B. cinerea infection. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed signals of the transition from normal functioning to defense response in epidermal and mesophyll cells upon B. cinerea infection. Genes related to disease resistance showed different expression patterns among cell types: disease resistance-related genes and genes encoding transcription factors were highly expressed in individual cell types and interacted to trigger plant systemic immunity to B. cinerea. This is the first report to document the single-cell transcriptional landscape of the plant pathogenic invasion process; it provides new insights into the holistic dynamics of host-pathogen interactions and can guide the identification of genes and the formulation of strategies for resistant cultivar development.
A Myb transcription factor, PgMyb308-like, enhances the level of shikimate, aromatic amino acids, and lignins, but represses the synthesis of flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins, in pomegranate(Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate fruit peels are highly abundant in metabolites derived from the shikimate pathway, such as hydrolyzable tannins(HTs) and flavonoids. These metabolites are beneficial to human health(commercial juice is enriched with peel metabolites), and also protect the fruit fromenvironmental stresses. To understand the transcriptional control of shikimate pathway-related metabolites in pomegranate,we cloned and characterized a subgroup S4 R2R3Myb transcription factor, PgMyb308-like. Overexpressing PgMyb308-like in pomegranate hairy roots increased the accumulation of shikimate, aromatic amino acids, isoferulic acid, and total lignins, but led to reduced gallic acid and its downstream products HTs, as well as multiple f lavonoids. Changes in these metabolites are supported by the increased expression of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and shikimate dehydrogenase 1(PgSDH1)(the SDH isoform associated with shikimate biosynthesis), and the reduced expression of PgSDH4(the SDH isoform suggested to produce gallic acid). Transcriptome analysis of PgMyb308-like-overexpressing hairy roots further revealed reprogramming of cell wall-related genes, while overexpression of PgMyb308-like in Arabidopsis thaliana plants uncovered its distinct role in a different genetic and metabolic background. These results together suggest that PgMyb308-like activates genes in the shikimate pathway and lignin biosynthesis, but suppresses those involved in the production of HTs and flavonoids.
Time-course analysis and transcriptomic identification of key response strategies of Nelumbo nucifera to complete submergence

Water submergence is an environmental stresswith detrimental effects on plant growth and survival. As awetland plant species, lotus(Nelumbo nucifera) is widely cultivated in flood-prone lowlands throughout Asian countries, but little is known about its endurance and acclimation mechanisms to complete submergence. Here, we performed a time-course submergence experiment and an RNAsequencing transcriptome analysis of the two lotus varieties "Qiuxing" and "China Antique". Both varieties showed low submergence tolerance, with a median lethal time of approximately 10 days. Differentially expressed gene(DEG) analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA) identified a number of key genes putatively involved in lotus submergence responses. Lotus plants under complete submergence developed thinned leaves and elongated petioles containing a high density of aerenchyma. All four lotus submergence-responsive ERF-VII genes and gene sets corresponding to the low oxygen "escape" strategy(LOES) were elevated. In addition, a number of lotus innate immunity genes were rapidly induced by submergence, probably to confer resistance to possible pathogen infections. Our data also reveal the probable involvement of jasmonic acid in themodulation of lotus submergence responses, although to a lesser extent than the gaseous hormone ethylene. These results suggest that lotus plants primarily use the LOES strategy to cope with complex submergence-induced stresses, and they will be valuable for understanding the molecular basis underlying plant submergence acclimation.
Introducing melatonin to the horticultural industry: physiological roles, potential applications, and challenges

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an emerging biomolecule that influences horticultural crop growth, f lowering, fruit ripening, postharvest preservation, and stress protection. It functions as a plant growth regulator, preservative and antimicrobial agent to promote seed germination, regulate root system architecture, influence flowering and pollen germination, promote fruit production, ensure postharvest preservation, and increase resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we highlight the potential applications of melatonin in multiple aspects of horticulture, including molecular breeding, vegetative reproduction, production of virus-free plants, food safety, and horticultural crop processing. We also discuss its effects on parthenocarpy, autophagy, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Together, these many features contribute to the promise of melatonin for improving horticultural crop production and food safety. Effective translation of melatonin to the horticultural industry requires an understanding of the challenges associated with its uses, including the development of economically viable sources.
miR164g-MsNAC022 acts as a novel module mediating drought response by transcriptional regulation of reactive oxygen species scavenging systems in apple

Under drought stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overaccumulate as a secondary stress that impairs plant performance and thus severely reduces crop yields. The mitigation of ROS levels under drought stress is therefore crucial for drought tolerance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of plant development and stress responses. However, the complex molecular regulatory mechanism by which they function during drought stress, especially in drought-triggered ROS scavenging, is not fully understood. Here, we report a newly identified drought-responsive miRNA, miR164g, in the wild apple species Malus sieversii and elucidate its role in apple drought tolerance. Our results showed that expression of miR164g is significantly inhibited under drought stress and it can specifically cleave transcripts of the transcription factor MsNAC022 in M. sieversii. The heterologous accumulation of miR164g in Arabidopsis thaliana results in enhanced sensitivity to drought stress, while overexpression of MsNAC022 in Arabidopsis and the cultivated apple line ‘GL-3’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) lead to enhanced tolerance to drought stress by raising the ROS scavenging enzymes activity and related genes expression levels, particularly PEROXIDASE (MsPOD). Furthermore, we showed that expression of MsPOD is activated by MsNAC022 in transient assays. Interestingly, Part1 (P1) region is the key region for the positive regulation of MsPOD promoter by MsNAC022, and the different POD expression patterns in M. sieversii and M. domestica is attributed to the specific fragments inserted in P1 region of M. sieversii. Our findings reveal the function of the miR164g-MsNAC022 module in mediating the drought response of M. sieversii and lay a foundation for breeding drought-tolerant apple cultivars.
Differential hydroxylation efficiency of the two non-heme carotene hydroxylases: DcBCH1, rather than DcBCH2, plays a major role in carrot taproot

Carotene hydroxylase plays an important role in catalyzing the hydroxylation of carotene to xanthopylls, including two types: nonheme carotene hydroxylase (BCH type) and heme-containing cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (P450 type). Two BCH-encoding genes were annotated in the carrot genome. However, the role of BCHs and whether there are functional interactions between the duplicated BCHs in carrot remains unclear. In this study, two BCH encoding genes, DcBCH1 and DcBCH2,were cloned from carrot. The relative expression level of DcBCH1 was much higher than that of DcBCH2 in carrot taproots with different carotene accumulation levels. Overexpression of DcBCH1 in ‘KRD’ (high carotene accumulated) carrot changed the taproot color from orange to yellow, accompanied by substantial reductions in α-carotene and β-carotene. There was no obvious change in taproot color between transgenic ‘KRD’ carrot overexpressing DcBCH2 and control carrot. Simultaneously, the content of α-carotene in the taproot of DcBCH2-overexpressing carrot decreased, but the content of β-carotene did not change significantly in comparison with control carrot. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out DcBCH1 in ‘KRD’ carrot lightened the taproot color from orange to pink-orange; the content of α-carotene in the taproot increased slightly, while the β-carotene content was still significantly decreased, compared with control carrot. In DcBCH1-knockout carrot, the transcript level of DcBCH2 was significantly increased. These results indicated that in carrot taproot, DcBCH1 played the main function of BCH enzyme, which could hydroxylate α-carotene and β-carotene; DcBCH1 and DcBCH2 had functional redundancy, and these two DcBCHs could partially compensate for each other.
TVIR: a comprehensive vegetable information resource database for comparative and functional genomic studies

Vegetables are an indispensable part of the daily diet of humans. Therefore, it is vital to systematically study the genomic data of vegetables and build a platform for data sharing and analysis. In this study, a comprehensive platform for vegetables with a userfriendly Web interface—The Vegetable Information Resource (TVIR, http://tvir.bio2db.com)—was built based on the genomes of 59 vegetables. TVIR database contains numerous important functional genes, including 5215 auxin genes, 2437 anthocyanin genes, 15 002 flowering genes, 79 830 resistance genes, and 2639 glucosinolate genes of 59 vegetables. In addition, 2597 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes were identified, including 513 writers, 1058 erasers, and 1026 readers. A total of 2 101 501 specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) guide sequences and 17 377 miRNAs were detected and deposited in TVIR database. Information on gene synteny, duplication, and orthologs is also provided for 59 vegetable species. TVIR database contains 2 346 850 gene annotations by the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Gene Ontology (GO), Pfam, and Non-redundant (Nr) databases. Synteny, Primer Design, Blast, and JBrowse tools are provided to facilitate users in conducting comparative genomic analyses. This is the first large-scale collection of vegetable genomic data and bioinformatic analysis. All genome and gene sequences, annotations, and bioinformatic results can be easily downloaded from TVIR. Furthermore, transcriptome data of 98 vegetables have been collected and collated, and can be searched by species, tissues, or different growth stages. TVIR is expected to become a key hub for vegetable research globally. The database will be updated with newly assembled vegetable genomes and comparative genomic studies in the future.
极地雷达冰川学:前沿技术与方法

雷达冰川学是通过冰雷达(也称无线电回波、探冰雷达、穿冰雷达等)探测,测绘极地冰盖冰厚、冰下地形、冰盖内部冰层(等时层)分布及其扰动等,进而研究冰盖底部环境和过程、冰层年代、冰流运动和冰盖动力学的一门年轻的学科,能够用于推断冰盖演化和气候变化,评估冰盖稳定性、物质平衡和对海平面上升的影响。20世纪50年代,无线电回波在冰内的强穿透性被首次发现,直接推动了冰雷达探测技术的发展。此后,冰雷达被广泛用于南北极冰盖的观测和研究。1983年, Bogorodsky等人出版了名为《Radioglaciology》的专著,系统阐释了雷达冰川学的概念、原理和观测研究进展。2014年和2019年,国际冰川学会(IGS)以Radioglaciology为主题,分别在美国堪萨斯大学和斯坦福大学组织了两次大型的雷达冰川学学术研讨会,进一步推动了雷达冰川学学科的发展。
白兆芝教授从小肠气滞辨治功能性腹胀经验

总结白兆芝教授从小肠气滞辨治功能性腹胀的经验。白老认为小肠气滞引起的腹胀临床最为常见,多因忧思恼怒,伤及肝脾,肝脾气结,波及肠腑,导致腹胀。创立疏通气机的基本治则,并注意疏肝解郁法的运用。自拟理气顺肠汤治疗,以达调达气机,理气消胀之效。
“五术”医学人才培养理念下 《中医内科学》“一体四翼”课程体系构建与探索

中医内科学是中医学类本科专业学生最先接触的临床核心课程,对学生中医思维能力构建和临床诊疗能力培养具有极为重要的塑构意义。课程组在国家倡导医学教育改革创新的时代背景下,围绕“学、仁、道、技、艺”五术医学人才培养目标,以“提升中医思辨能力、临床综合能力、传承创新能力”为教学设计核心导向,推动“仁心仁术”思政教育,构建以《中医内科学》为主,《中医内科临床能力训练》《名家病案解析》《中医内科诊疗实训》《中医内科接诊技能与临床思维》为辅“一体四翼”课程体系,在促进学生中医临床思维规范化建立和临床诊查技能渐进性提升的同时,培养“大医精诚”人文情怀,实现知识、能力与素养的有机融合。
优质抗病啤用大麦新品种一龙啤麦5号

龙啤麦5号是由黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所2005年以红00-965为母本、龙啤麦2号为父本进行有性杂交,利用系谱方法选育的优质抗病啤用大麦新品种。2012-2013年进行预备鉴定和产量鉴定试验,2014-2015年进行异地鉴定试验,2016-2017年完成黑龙江省地区的区域试验。2021年10月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,登记号为GPD大麦(青稞)(2021) 230020。
风电装置中飞轮储能系统的优化设计探究

当今世界,人类面临着生态环境污染和常规不可再生能源枯竭的巨大挑战,为了更好地寻求发展路径,就要在节能省源的同时,增强对太阳能、风能、核能等新能源的开发和储备,才能实现社会发展的绿色可持续。风能实际上是空气流动所产生的一种动能,是太阳能的另一种转化形式,我国风能资源的总体储备量巨大,这些可再生的绿色能源能够通过风电装置转化为电力能源,并利用飞轮储能系统加以储存利用。储能技术不仅是支撑新能源普及的重要手段,还是实现其高效利用的基本途径,是能源界和工业领域未来研究发展的热点话题。随着社会政治经济的飞速发展和科学技术的不断进步,人们对生态环境的保护意识逐渐增强,为适应不断增长的社会能源需要,对风电装置中的飞轮储能系统进行设计优化是十分必要的。
Spatiotemporal changes of biogenic elements in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent waters in summer over the last decade

The long-term spatiotemporal changes of surface biogenic elements in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent waters during the summer of 2008-2016 were analyzed in this study. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), soluble reactive phosphate (P O~(3-)_4) and silicate (SiO_3~(2-)) were generally stable, with a slight decrease of DIN and PO_3~(4-), and a slight increase of SiO_3~(2-), which mainly occurred in the estuarine waters. The grey correlation analysis was carried out between biogenic elements and chlorophyll a (Chl-a). Results showed that compared with the absolute values of biogenic elements, the correlations between the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P), ratio of silicon to nitrogen (Si/N) and Chl-a were closer, indicating the important influence on phytoplankton by the structure of biogenic elements. The study area was generally in a state of potential P limitation, and could have potential impact on the phytoplankton community, triggering the shift of red tide dominant species from diatoms to dinoflagellates.
An overall consistent increase of global aridity in 1970-2018

Climate change is expected to introduce more water demand in the face of diminishing water supplies,intensifying the degree of aridity observed in terrestrial ecosystems in the 21st century.This study investigated spatiotemporal variability within global aridity index(AI) values from 1970-2018.The results revealed an overall drying trend (0.0016 yr -1,p<0.01),with humid and semi-humid regions experiencing more significant drying than other regions,including those classified as arid or semi-arid.In addition,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has gotten wetter,largely due to the increases in precipitation (PPT) observed in that region.Global drying is driven primarily by decreasing and increasing PPT and potential evapotranspiration (PET),respectively.Decreases in PPT alone or increases in PET also drive global aridification,though to a lesser extent.PPT and increasing potential evapotranspiration (PET),with increasing PET alone or decreasing PPT alone.Slightly less than half of the world's land area has exhibited a wetting trend,largely owing to increases in regional PPT.In some parts of the world,the combined effects of increased PPT and decreased PET drives wetting,with decreases in PET alone explaining wetting in others.These results indicate that,without consideration of other factors (e.g.,CO_2 fertilization),aridity may continue to intensify,especially in humid regions.
Model-guided 3D stitching for augmented virtual environment

Image and video stitching have made tremendous progress in the construction of wide fieldof- view (FOV). However, some long-term challenges still exist, including wide baselines between cameras, large parallaxes, and low texture in overlapping areas. The augmented virtual environment (AVE) captures videos as live textures of 3D models in a virtual environment, and provides another 3D solution to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Existing AVE methods primarily follow from video projection, and cannot produce satisfactory stitching results compared with image stitching. In this paper, we propose a novel model-guided 3D stitching algorithm for AVE. The algorithm recovers an approximate 3D model for each video streaming and optimizes the warping of the models to meet the requirements of feature point matching of the 3D models from adjacent videos. Compared with previous state-of-the-art methods, experiment results illustrate that our method significantly improves the stitching quality.