mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and Ore Genesis of the Late Yanshanian Granites and Associated Porphyry-Skarn W-Mo Deposits from the Yunkai Area of South China: Evidence from the Zircon U-Pb Ages, Hf Isotopes and Sulfide S-Fe Isotopes

There are a wide range of magmatism and mineralization in the Yunkai area of South China during the Late Yanshanian Period, including the newly discovered Michang, Youmapo, Sanchachong and Songwang porphyry-skarn W-Mo deposits. In this study, we obtained zircon U-Pb ages of the ore-bearing biotite granites and their mafic enclaves from 88±1 to 110±1 Ma. Zircons from the granites show Hf isotopic compositions with negative ε_(Hf)(t) values of -5.9 to -0.6 and calculated Hf model ages (T_(DM2)) of 1.5-1.2 Ga; indicating that the Middle Proterozoic crustal materials may have provided an important source for the magmatic rocks in this district during the Late Yanshanian Period, whereas zircons from the mafic enclaves show positive ε_(Hf)(t) values of 1.3 to 10.1 with younger Hf model ages (T_(DM2)) of 0.5-1.1 Ga, suggesting a mantle component may have involved in the granitic magma generation. Sulfur isotope study of the sulfide minerals from the W-Mo deposits show a narrow δ~(34)S distribution with most data ranging from -4.2‰ to 5.2‰. In addition, this study reports the first Fe isotopic compositions of pyrite in the W-Mo deposits, which show a uniform distribution range with the values near zero (δ~(56)Fe=0.16‰-0.58‰, average 0.35‰; δ~(57)Fe=0.02‰-0.54‰, average 0.48‰). These data indicate that the ore-forming materials may come from the deep-sourced granitic magma, and the mineralizations show a close relationship with the granitic magmatism during the Late Yanshanian Period. Combining with previous results, we suggest that there is a widespread porphyry-skarn W-Mo mineralization in the Yunkai area during the Late Cretaceous (80-110 Ma), which has a close relationship with the Late Yanshanian magmatism that may have formed during the rollback of the subducted Pacific Plate.
Image editing by object-aware optimal boundary searching and mixed-domain composition

When combining very different images which often contain complex objects and backgrounds, producing consistent compositions is a challenging problem requiring seamless image editing. In this paper, we propose a general approach, called objectaware image editing, to obtain consistency in structure, color, and texture in a unified way. Our approach improves upon previous gradient-domain composition in three ways. Firstly, we introduce an iterative optimization algorithm to minimize mismatches on the boundaries when the target region contains multiple objects of interest. Secondly, we propose a mixeddomain consistency metric for measuring gradients and colors, and formulate composition as a unified minimization problem that can be solved with a sparse linear system. In particular, we encode texture consistency using a patch-based approach without searching and matching. Thirdly, we adopt an objectaware approach to separately manipulate the guidance gradient fields for objects of interest and backgrounds of interest, which facilitates a variety of seamless image editing applications. Our unified method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in preserving global texture consistency in addition to local structure continuity.
Improving nitrogen management for zero-tillage rice in China

Zero-tillage has become increasingly attractive in rice production in China.This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of two possible improved N management practices with fewer N applications in zero-tillage rice:(1) two split applications of urea at 75 kg N ha~(-1) at mid-tillering and 45 kg N ha~(-1) at panicle initiation (U_(120–2)),and (2) a single application of cross-linked polyacrylamide-coated urea (a slow-release fertilizer) at midtillering at a rate of 150 kg N ha~(-1) (PCU_(150-1)).Three field experiments were conducted to compare grain yield and N-use efficiency among several N treatments:a zero-N control (CK),U_(120–2),PCU_(150-1),a single application of urea at mid-tillering at a rate of 150 kg N ha~(-1) (U_(150-1)),and a commonly recommended N management practice for conventional tillage rice (three split applications of urea with 75 kg N ha~(-1) as basal,30 kg N ha~(-1) at mid-tillering,and 45 kg N ha~(-1) at panicle initiation) (U_(150–3)).Treatments with N application (U_(120–2),PCU_(150-1),U_(150-1),and U_(150–3)) produced 1.08–3.16 t ha~(-1) higher grain yields than CK.Grain yields under both U_(120–2) and PCU_(150-1) were comparable to that in U_(150–3).Recovery efficiency of N (RE_N),agronomic N-use efficiency (AEN) and partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP_N) were increased under U_(120–2) and were similar under PCU_(150-1) to those under U_(150–3).U_(150-1) showed lower grain yield,RE_N,AEN,and PFP_N than U_(150–3).These results suggest that U_(150–3) can be replaced with U_(120–2) to achieve both an increase in N-use efficiency and a reduction in number of N applications and or by PCU_(150-1) to achieve a maximum reduction in number of N applications in zero-tillage rice production in China.
Red fluorescent protein (DsRed2),an ideal reporter for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding

Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding.In this study,the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp.coral (DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering.DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1,driven by the CaMV-35S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation.Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants.The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent.The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F1 hybrids.To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation,a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the CaMV-35S promoter region.The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together,these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.
Physical parameter estimation with MCMC from observations of Vela X-1

We present a parameter estimate for continua, and He-like triplets of the high resolution X-ray spectra with a Bayesian inference and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tool. The method is applied for Vela X-1 with three different orbital phases (ϕ), Eclipse, ϕ = 0.25, and ϕ = 0.5, which are adopted from the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS). A parameterized two-component power-law model [Sako et al., Astrophys. J. 525, 921 (1999)] and a multi-Gaussian model are applied to model these continua and He-like triplets, respectively. A uniform distribution over each parameter is used as the prior belief. Posterior probability distribution functions of parameters and the covariances among them are explored by using the MCMC method. The main advantages are (i) all model-based parameters are set to be free instead of artificially fixing some of the parameters during the data-model fitting; (ii) the contributions from satellite lines are considered; (iii) backgrounds are treated as a correction to the observation errors; and (iv) the confidence interval of each parameter is given. The fitted results show that the column density of scatter component (N_H~(scat)) varies from phase to phase, which imply a non-spherical structure of the stellar wind in Vela X-1. Moreover, the wind velocities derived from main lines of each set of He-like triplets show better self-consistency than those in previous publications, which could provide a reliable approach for the diagnostics of photoionized plasma in astrophysical objects and the laboratory.
Performance of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) supplied with selenite or selenate for selenium biofortification in northeastern China

Selenium (Se) deficiency commonly occurs in soils of northeastern China and leads to insufficient Se intake by humans.A two-year field study of Se biofortification of common buckwheat supplied with 40 g Se ha~(–1) as selenite (Se(IV)),selenate (Se(VI)),or a combination (1/2 Se(IV+VI)) was performed to investigate Se accumulation and translocation in plants and determine the effects of different forms of Se on the grain yield,biomass production,and Se use efficiency of plants and seeds.Se application increased seed Se concentrations to 47.1–265.1 μg kg~(–1).Seed Se concentrations following Se(VI) or 1/2 Se(IV+VI) treatment exceeded 100 μg kg~(–1),an amount suitable for crop Se biofortification.Se concentration in shoots and roots decreased with plant development,and Se translocation from root to shoot in Se(IV)-treated plants was lower than that in plants treated with 1/2 Se(IV+VI) and Se(VI).Both grain yield and biomass production increased under 1/2 Se(IV+VI) treatment,with grain yields reaching 1663.8 and 1558.5 kg ha~(–1) in 2015 and 2016,respectively,reflecting increases of 11.0% and 10.3% over those without Se application.The Se use efficiency of seeds and plants under Se(VI) treatment was significantly higher than those under 1/2 Se(IV+VI) and Se(IV) treatments.Thus,application of selenate could result in higher Se accumulation in buckwheat seeds than application of the other Se sources,but the combined application of selenate and selenite might be an alternative approach for improving buckwheat grain yield by Se biofortification in northeastern China.
Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide (Ho_2O_3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials

Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide (Ho_2O_3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, highly potential material candidates for high-energy laser Faraday isolators, are presented in this paper. Temperature dependence of the Verdet constant of nondoped Ho_2O_3 ceramics was measured for temperatures 15–305 K at 1.064 µm wavelength. The Verdet constant dispersion for wavelengths 0.5–1 µm and 1.064 µm was measured for both nondoped Ho_2O_3 ceramics and Ho_2O_3 ceramics doped with terbium Tb~(3+) (0.2 at. %) and cerium Ce~(3+) (0.1 at. %) ions. The results suggest that the relatively low level of doping of Ho_2O_3 with these ions has no significant boosting impact on the Faraday effect. Therefore, other compositions of Ho_2O_3 ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, as well as various doping concentrations, should be further examined.
The effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination in total mixed rations on fatty acid profile in the rumen and milk of Holstein cows

Five lactating Holstein cows in a 5×5 Latin square experiment were fed five high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMRs) to investigate the effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination on ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. The ratio of concentrate to forage was fixed as 61:39, and the step-wise improvement of forage combination was applied as: TMR1, a ration containing corn stover; TMR2, a ration containing corn stover and ensiled corn stover; TMR3, a ration containing ensiled corn stover and Chinese wild ryegrass hay (Leymus chinensis); TMR4, a ration containing the ryegrass hay and whole corn silage; TMR5, a ration containing the ryegrass hay, whole corn silage and alfalfa hay. The TMRs were offered to the cows twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. The entire experiment was completed in five periods, and each period lasted for 18 days. Diurnal samples of rumen fluids were collected at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 h (day 16); 0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 h (day 17); and 0500, 1100, 1700 and 2300 h (day 18). The step-wise improvement of forage combination increased energy and crude protein contents and decreased fibre content. As a result, the step-wise improvement of forage combination increased dry matter intake and milk yield (P<0.05). The step-wise improvement increased dietary content of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), but did not alter dietary proportions of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1cis-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and arachidic acid (C20:0). In response to the forage combination, ruminal concentration of C16:0, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 linearly increased against their dietary intakes (P<0.10). The step-wise improvement increased milk contents of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 (P<0.10) and decreased milk contents of C18:0 and C18:1cis-9 (P<0.05). Milk yields of C16:0, C18:1cis-9, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were linearly increased by the increase of these fatty acids in the rumen (R~2≥0.79, P<0.05), and milk yields of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were also positively correlated with dietary intake of these fatty acids (R~2≥0.85, P<0.05). The step-wise improvement increased the transfer efficiencies from feed to milk for C18:2n-6 from 11.8 to 14.2% and for C18:3n-3 from 19.1 to 22.3%. In a brief, along with the step-wise improvement of forage combination, more dietary linoleic and linolenic acids might escape microbial hydrogenation in the rumen and consequently accumulated in milk fat though these fatty acids were present in low concentrations in ruminal fluids. The step-wise improvement of forage combinations could be recommended as a dietary strategy to increase the transfer efficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids from feed to milk.
Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: ricerice- milk vetch (RRV), rice-rice-rape (RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass (RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow (RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.
How plant density affects maize spike differentiation, kernel set, and grain yield formation in Northeast China?

A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant density on tassel and ear differentiation, anthesissilking interval (ASI), and grain yield formation of two types of modern maize hybrids (Zhongdan 909 (ZD909) as tolerant hybrid to crowding stress, Jidan 209 (JD209) and Neidan 4 (ND4) as intolerant hybrids to crowding stress) in Northeast China. Plant densities of 4.50×10~4 (D1), 6.75×10~4 (D2), 9.00×10~4 (D3), 11.25×10~4 (D4), and 13.50×10~4 (D5) plants ha–1 had no significant effects on initial time of tassel and ear differentiation of maize. Instead, higher plant density delayed the tassel and ear development during floret differentiation and sexual organ formation stage, subsequently resulting in ASI increments at the rate of 1.2–2.9 days on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 0.7–4.2 days for JD209 in 2013, and 0.5–3.7 days for ND4 in 2014, respectively, under the treatments of D2, D3, D4, and D5 compared to that under the D1 treatment. Total florets, silking florets, and silking rates of ear showed slightly decrease trends with the plant density increasing, whereas the normal kernels seriously decreased at the rate of 11.0–44.9% on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 2.0–32.6% for JD209 in 2013, and 9.7–28.3% for ND4 in 2014 with the plant density increased compared to that under the D1 treatment due to increased florets abortive rates. It was also observed that 100-kernel weight of ZD909 showed less decrease trend compared that of JD209 and ND4 along with the plant densities increase. As a consequence, ZD909 gained its highest grain yield by 13.7 t ha~(–1) on average at the plant density of 9.00×10~4 plants ha~(–1), whereas JD209 and ND4 reached their highest grain yields by 11.7 and 10.2 t ha~(–1) at the plant density of 6.75×10~4 plants ha~(–1), respectively. Our experiment demonstrated that hybrids with lower ASI, higher kernel number potential per ear, and relative constant 100-kernel weight (e.g., ZD909) could achieve higher yield under dense planting in high latitude area (e.g., Northeast China).
Ultrathin MoS_2 with expanded interlayers supported on hierarchical polypyrrole-derived amorphous N-doped carbon tubular structures for high-performance Li/Na-ion batteries

Layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) has received much attention as one of the most promising energy-storage and conversion materials for Li/Na ion batteries. Here, a simple and effective approach is proposed for the rational design and preparation of hierarchical three-d imensional (3D) amorphous N-doped carbon nanotube@MoS_2 nanosheets (3D-ANCNT@MoS_2) via a simple hydrothermal method, followed by an annealing process. With such a unique nanoarchitecture, ultrathin MoS_2 nanosheets grown on the external surfaces of polypyrrole-derived ANCNTs are assembled to form a hierarchical 3D nanoarchitecture, where the adopted ANCNTs serve not only as the template and continuous conductive matrix, but can also prevent MoS_2 from aggregating and restacking, and help to buffer the volumetric expansion of MoS_2 during cycling. More importantly, when evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the 3D-ANCNT@MoS_2 composite exhibits excellent cycling stability, superior rate performance, and reversible specific capacity as high as 893.4 mAh·g~(–1) at 0.2 A·g~(–1) after 200 cycles in a half battery, and 669.4 mAh·g~(–1) at 0.2 A·g~(–1) after 100 cycles in the 3D-ANCNT@MoS_2//LiCoO_2 full battery. With respect to sodium-ion batteries, the outstanding reversible capacity, excellent rate behavior, and good cycling performance of 3D-ANCNT@MoS_2 composites are also achieved.
Plasmon hybridization engineering in self-organized anisotropic metasurfaces

The engineering of self-organized plasmonic metasurfaces is demonstrated using a maskless technique with defocused ion-beam sputtering and kinetically controlled deposition. The proposed reliable, cost-effective, and controllable approach enables large-area (order of square centimeter) sub-wavelength periodic patterning with close-packed gold nanostrips. A multi-level variant of the method leads to high-resolution manufacturing of vertically stacked nanostrip dimer arrays, without resorting to lithographic approaches. The design of these self-organized metasurfaces is optimized by employing plasmon hybridization methods. In particular, preliminary results on the so-called gap-plasmon configuration of the nanostrip dimers, implementing magnetic dipole resonance in the near-infrared range, are reported. This resonance offers a superior sensitivity and field enhancement, compared with the more conventional electric dipole resonance. The translational invariance of the nanostrip configuration leads to a high filling factor of the hot spots. These advanced features make the large-area metasurface based on gap-plasmon nanostrip dimers very attractive for surface-enhanced linear and nonlinear spectroscopy (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman scattering) and plasmon-enhanced photon harvesting in solar and photovoltaic cells.
Self-powered nanofiber-based screen-print triboelectric sensors for respiratory monitoring

Scientific and commercial advances have set high requirements for wearable electronics. However, the power supply, breathability, and mass production of wearable electronics still have many challenges that need to be overcome. In this study, a self-powered nanofiber-based triboelectric sensor (SNTS) was fabricated by batch-scale fabrication technologies using electrospinning and screen-printing for health monitoring via respiratory monitoring. Typically, an arch structural SNTS is assembled by a nanofiber membrane and a Ag nanoparticle electrode. The pile of nanofibers and the conductive network of Ag nanoparticles ensure a gas channel across the whole device. The gas permeability of the SNTS was as high as 6.16 mm/s, which has overwhelming advantages when compared with commonly used wearable devices composed of air-tight cast films. Due to the softness of the nanofiber membrane, the SNTS showed excellent electronic output performance irrespective of whether it was bent, twisted, or folded. The superior properties, such as breathability, skin-friendliness, self-power, and batch fabrication of SNTS offer huge potential for their application in healthcare monitoring and multifunctional intelligent systems.
Potential of perforated exterior louvers to improve the comfort and energy performance of an office space in different climates

Fully glazed building facades often experience high solar heat gains and daylight transmission, resulting in high cooling energy consumption and visual discomfort. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of perforated exterior louvers for controlling solar heat gains through a fenestration system, providing visual comfort to the occupant and improving the energy performance of an office space in distinct climates (tropical, semiarid, humid subtropical, continental) based on integrated thermal and lighting simulations. The louvers evaluated have 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% perforations with 120 and 240 mm louver spacing. This study demonstrates the potential of perforated exterior louvers for controlling solar heat gains and daylight transmission to improve the visual comfort of the occupant and the building energy consumption. Since perforations can significantly influence office performance and occupant comfort, it is crucial for an evaluation of this type of louver to be completed in the early design stages with integrated thermal and lighting simulation tools that are able to address the complex thermal and optical properties of the louvers. Louvers with 120 mm spacing and 5%-20% perforations reduce office energy consumption by 15%-63% (depending on the city) compared with an unshaded window while meeting the visual comfort criteria (sD_(A300/50%) between 96% and 100%, ASE_(4000/400h) of 0% and DGPs perception class A). Additionally, the percentage of perforations and spacing of louvers significantly impact the evaluated performance criteria. CFSs fully cover the window but have evenly distributed perforations outperform shading devices with larger spacing between louvers and louvers without perforations.