mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
从临床指南的演变看慢性肾脏病患者的血压管理

从现有临床指南可看出,制定CKD患者降压目标需从肾脏保护和减少心血管事件两方面着眼,从而全面改善患者预后,而减少蛋白尿是达到这两个治疗目标的重要干预靶点。因此,制定合适的降压靶目标值,选用具有最佳靶器官保护的药物,是临床医生在治疗CKD高血压时应首先考虑的问题。目前循证医学证据显示ACEI/ARB在肾脏保护和降低CVD风险方面均优于其他降压药物,是现行临床指南推荐的CKD患者血压控制的基础用药。但在临床应用时,需时刻注意个体化治疗原则,防治由治疗带来的不良反应,以期获得最大的效益风险比。
手法复位治疗难复性肩关节后脱位一例

肩关节后脱位在临床上较少见,常易被误诊、漏诊.3周以内的肩关节后脱位大多被认为手法复位容易成功.我们近期为一例急诊肩关节后脱位患者进行手法整复却相当困难,将常规的手牵足蹬法予以改良后才复位成功,报告如下.
Ⅰ型胶原吡啶交联终肽在肿瘤骨转移中的临床意义

骨骼是继肝、肺之后的第3个易发生肿瘤转移的部位.骨转移在晚期恶性肿瘤极为常见,尤其是乳腺癌(73%)、前列腺癌(68%)、肺癌(36%)等几种嗜骨性肿瘤.骨转移患者晚期极易发生骨相关事件(skeletal-related events,SRE),临床上表现为不同程度的骨痛、高钙血症、病理性骨折、脊髓压迫症等,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至导致死亡.早期诊断、治疗骨转移,对改善患者预后、提高生活质量有极其重要的意义.近年,一些新型骨代谢标志物正逐渐在肿瘤骨转移临床应用中发挥作用,尤其是Ⅰ型胶原羧基吡啶交联肽(pyridinoline-eross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type Ⅰcollagen,ICTP)具有检测敏感、随访方便、价格相对便宜等优势.目前,其在肿瘤骨转移的诊断、疗效和预后评估中将具有广阔的应用前景.
前列地尔联合甲钴胺治疗周围神经病变48例

糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病患者常见的微血管并发症。有文献表明,糖尿病周围神经病变引起的疼痛和麻木以及感觉功能衰退等症状,用甲钴胺治疗可取得一定的治疗效果,但并不能取得最佳的治疗效果〔1〕。糖尿病周围神经病变在已经确诊的糖尿病患者中的比例为10%左右,而有50%5年以上病程的糖尿病患者患有糖尿病周围神经病变〔2〕。在下肢截肢以及足部溃疡的患者中，最主要的危险因素则是糖尿病周围神经病变〔3〕。若使糖尿病患者的周围神经病变得以改善，只控制血糖是远远不够的〔4〕。本实验探讨前列地尔联合甲钴胺治疗周围神经病变的临床疗效。
新生儿先天性巨结肠诊治现状

先天性巨结肠(hirschsprung disease,HD)是小儿常见的一种先天性肠道发育畸形,发病率约1/5000。婴儿和儿童期的HD病史典型,辅助检查阳性率高,临床上较容易确诊。而新生儿期的HD因其临床表现变化多端、发病轻重不同、伴发并发症各异,故临床上容易忽视;特别是由于病史很短,结肠扩张不明显,在辅助检查方面缺乏典型征象,病理判断更是困难,如果诊断并不十分把握,新生儿期的HD治疗应该十分慎重。
新生儿高胆红素血症血中内皮微粒变化及其意义研究

目的探讨高胆红素血症新生儿血中内皮微粒与胆红素的关系及在疾病中的意义。方法2009年10月至2011年2月中山大学附属一院新生儿科及产科住院的新生儿78例,根据有无黄疸分为试验组(44例)和对照组(34例),试验组中33例光疗治疗后采血分析。试验组光疗前、后采血行胆红素及内皮微粒测定,对照组采血行内皮微粒测定。结果试验组血内皮微粒光疗前为1792.0(574.5,2456.0)个/μL、光疗后为789.0(540.0,999.0)个/μL,与对照组414.0(321.8,866.0)个/μL比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。试验组光疗前、后血内皮微粒比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组光疗前、后血内皮微粒与血胆红素均成正相关(r分别=0.592、0.575,P<0.05)。结论高胆红素血症新生儿和非高胆红素血症新生儿相比,血内皮微粒显著升高,提示高胆红素可能对血管内皮造成损伤。
Hybrid hierarchical trajectory planning for a fixed-wing UCAV performing air-to-surface multi-target attack

This paper considers the problem of generating a flight trajectory for a single fixed-wing unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) performing an air-to-surface multi-target attack (A/SMTA) mission using satellite-guided bombs. First, this problem is formulated as a variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), called the dynamic-constrained TSP with neighborhoods (DCTSPN). Then, a hierarchical hybrid approach, which partitions the planning algorithm into a roadmap planning layer and an optimal control layer, is proposed to solve the DCTSPN. In the roadmap planning layer, a novel algorithm based on an updatable probabilistic roadmap (PRM) is presented, which operates by randomly sampling a finite set of vehicle states from continuous state space in order to reduce the complicated trajectory planning problem to planning on a finite directed graph. In the optimal control layer, a collision-free state-to-state trajectory planner based on the Gauss pseudospectral method is developed, which can generate both dynamically feasible and optimal flight trajectories. The entire process of solving a DCTSPN consists of two phases. First, in the offline preprocessing phase, the algorithm constructs a PRM, and then converts the original problem into a standard asymmetric TSP (ATSP). Second, in the online querying phase, the costs of directed edges in PRM are updated first, and a fast heuristic searching algorithm is then used to solve the ATSP. Numerical experiments indicate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can generate both feasible and near-optimal solutions quickly for online purposes.
天津地区住宅建筑用水规律的研究

高层住宅的用水量变化规律直接关系到建筑二次供水系统的配置以及运行方案的选择。通过对实时在线监测得到的用水量数据分析研究,得到高层住宅用水量变化规律,为住宅建筑给水系统优化设计与供水节能提供依据。
重度硫丹中毒致死伴尿酸异常升高1例报道

硫丹是高毒广谱有机氯杀虫剂、杀螨剂,对人类有剧毒,中毒时主要通过消化道、呼吸道、皮肤吸收,引起全身各器官功能障碍,尤以中枢神经系统受累为常见,重者可昏迷、持续抽搐、严重脑水肿而死亡.现将我院收治的1例急性重度硫丹中毒致死伴尿酸异常升高患者分析报道如下.
强直性脊柱炎伴颈椎硬膜外血肿的诊治

目的总结强直性脊柱炎伴颈椎硬膜外血肿的特点和诊治方法。方法1994年1月-2009年2月,收治4例外力作用后发生颈椎硬膜外血肿的强直性脊柱炎男性患者。年龄56~67岁,平均62.8岁。出现症状至入院时间为8 h~5 d,平均46 h。Frankel分级:B级2例,C级2例。MRI检查示硬膜外血肿位于C_3~T_2。1例行颈椎后路手术;2例并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭及1例并发高血压、劳力型心绞痛者,行保守治疗。结果手术治疗患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,获随访14个月,感觉平面由C_6下降至C_8,双上肢肌力较术前增加1级,双下肢肌力较术前无改善;Frankel分级为B级。保守治疗患者中,1例并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭者死亡;其余2例患者分别获随访12、18个月,感觉平面、双上下肢肌力及Frankel分级与治疗前比较均无改善。结论颈椎硬膜外血肿是强直性脊柱炎的少见并发症,多由轻微过伸伤引起,常迟发性出现临床症状,MRI是首选诊断方法,预后较差。
二硫化碳作业工人神经电生理检测结果分析

目的检测接触二硫化碳(CS_2)工人神经肌电图,为寻找职业性体检神经肌肉电生理的筛查指标提供依据.方法检测接触CS_2工人正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫后神经运动神经的潜伏期和波幅,对主诉肢体麻木明显的151人增加了正中神经、尺神经觉、腓肠神经感觉神经的潜伏期和传导速度检测.将检测结果与GBZ 76-2002《职业性急性化学物中毒性神经系统疾病诊断标准》附录B中表B.2运动神经传导速度、表B.3感觉神经传导速度中神经指标参考值进行对照.结果596人(60.3%,596/989)主诉头昏、头痛、失眠、多梦、易怒、记忆力明显减退、肢体麻木、肢体抽搐、肢体酸痛等症状.989人中共94例有至少1项神经传导速度检测指标异常,94例神经传导速度异常者中共检出神经传导速度异常神经148条;64条正中神经传导速度异常,占全部神经传导速度异常神经的43.24%(64/148),36条(24.32%,36/148)尺神经传导速度异常,38条(25.68%,38/148)腓总神经传导速度异常,9条(6.08%,9/148)胫后神经和1条(0.68%,1/148)腓肠神经传导速度异常.与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,正中神经、胫后神经、腓总神经运动神经末端潜伏期降低,尺神经运动神经末端潜伏期升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,CS_2作业工人正中神经、尺神经感觉神经传导速度降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,CS_2作业工人正中神经、尺神经、腓肠神经感觉神经末端潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论感觉神经可以作为接触CS_2作业工人职业性体检中神经肌电图检测的必检神经,感觉神经潜伏期、传导速度可以作为职业性体检检测指标.
大鼠腰骶丛神经损伤模型的建立

腰骶从的主要部分位于骨盆内,受到稳定的骨盆骨性结构保护,其损伤在临床上较为少见。近年来骨盆骨折并发腰骶丛神经损伤报道逐年增多,骨盆骨折合并神经损伤发病率1992年报道为33.0%,2000年报道为25.6%。相对于臂丛神经损伤,腰骶丛神经损伤的研究相对较少,缺乏基础的动物实验研究。我们通过测量相关参考值,探讨大鼠腰骶从神经手术的安全手术入路,旨在建立一种准确、可靠的腰骶丛神经损伤模型,为腰骶丛神经损伤的实验研究提供模型基础。
全球药品研发进展(2011.11)

本月全球药品研发进展取得成效的药物有55个,较上月增加了2个,其中进入注册阶段的药物数量大幅上升,进入注册前阶段和Ⅲ期临床研究阶段的药品数量均有所减少。进入注册阶段的有35个,比上月增加14个。其中6个为全球首次注册的新活性物质、新制剂,其余29个均为在新市场补充注册。
股骨转子间骨折治疗方法的选择

随着人口老龄化速度的加快,预计2050年全球股骨近端骨折患者数量将达630万,其中50%与股骨转子间骨折相关.而股骨转子间骨折又成为老年患者功能障碍和死亡的主要原因之一.积极有效治疗股骨转子间骨折,降低致残率和死亡率,意义重大.随着生物力学研究的深入与新型固定材料的问世,股骨转子间骨折的治疗方法日趋多样化.如何选择合理的治疗方法是每一位骨科医师需要重视的问题.笔者就此做一浅析.
关注ICU合理用药遏制院内感染——第三届《中国药房》杂志“药学典型病案讨论”学术会会议纪要

由中国药房杂志社主办、上海交通大学附属第六人民医院承办的第三届《中国药房》杂志"药学典型病案讨论"学术会于2012年4月19日如期在上海召开。会议邀请到了《中国药房》杂志第二周刊名誉主编、上海市静安区中心医院临床药学与临床药理科终生名誉主任黄仲义教授,《中国药房》杂志第三周刊副主编、上海交通大学附属第六人民医院药剂科郭澄主任,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院药剂科杨婉花主任,《第三军医大学学报》编辑部冷怀明主任等出席。大会由上海交通大学附属第六人民医院谭申生副院长致开幕词,来自上海、广州、重庆等地的数十位临床药师和医师参加了会议。现将本次会议的纪要整理如下,供同行学习交流。
并发严重皮肤感染的重症寻常型天疱疮15例临床分析

天疱疮是一种自身免疫性大疱性疾病,主要累及皮肤和黏膜,严重者可危及生命,根据文献[1]的天疱疮分类标准,本组患者皮损面积大于体表面积的50%,符合重症天疱疮的诊断.
反应性结节性增生

临床以及组织病理上反应性结节性增生应与皮肤纤维瘤鉴别。皮肤纤维瘤临床上也表现为结节,一般色素较深。组织病理上多表现为真皮中部胶原纤维以及成纤维细胞增生,排列无规律,表皮突延长,多伴有黑素增加。本病的治疗以手术切除为主。
利用微卫星标记进行6个建鲤家系遗传结构分析和家系鉴定

建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)是以荷包红鲤和元江鲤为亲本,通过家系选育、多系杂交和雌核发育技术相结合的综合育种技术和快速育种方法人工育成的鱼类新品种[1]。该品种遗传性状稳定,具有生长快、肉质好、抗逆性强、易起捕等优良的经济性状[2],1996年被农业部审核为适宜推广的水产优良品种[3],目前已在中国27个省市普及养殖并取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。虽然建鲤遗传性状比较稳定,但要保持或更进一步提高其经济性状,仍需要对建鲤不断地进行选育保种和遗传保护。
阴囊静脉血管瘤一例

静脉血管瘤可表现为表浅静脉曲张或侵犯软组织的复杂大肿物,均有静脉聚集而成,在动脉造影是经常看不到,需要行静脉造影或直接注射来确定它们的存在和范围,静脉血管瘤主要由大静脉组成.具有不规则的薄层血管壁,由于血流缓慢.管腔内可形成血栓和机化。血管结扎、皮下和血管内硬化剂注射、局部放疗曾用于血管瘤的治疗。但未得到推广。目前手术完整切除肿瘤仍是阴囊血管瘤的首要治疗方式。
如何评估抑郁症治疗效果——REMIT量表介绍

抑郁症是一种常见的心境障碍,其终生患病率高达5%~25%.根据世界卫生组织(WorldHealthOrganization,WHO)的统计数字,在全球致残性疾病排名中抑郁症位列第四.国内外研究均指出,抑郁症的治疗分为:急性期干预,缓解状态的长期维持以及预防复发.如何判定抑郁症症状的缓解以及如何评估抑郁症治疗效果仍是医学界探讨的重要问题.
山西省宁武县森林革蜱无形体分子流行病学调查

人粒细胞无形体病是由嗜吞噬无形体引起的新发蜱传人兽共患病,在我国一些地区广泛存在~[1,2].该病传播媒介主要为硬蜱.宁武县是山西省重点林业县,生态环境适宜蜱的生长和繁殖,农林作业及家畜养殖人员多数有蜱暴露史或叮咬史.为此,山西省疾病预防控制中心与中国疾病预防控制中心无形体研究室合作对该地区进行无形体病原体分子流行病学调查.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Catalytic Behavior of 1-Ethyl-3-benyl-imidazolyl Tetranuclear N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver Bromide

The title complex [Ag(carbene)_2]_2[Ag_2Br_4] has been synthesized by the reaction of Ag_2O with 1-ethyl-3-benyl-imidazolium bromide in DMSO at room temperature, and characterized by elemental analysis, ~1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1-bar with a = 10.1597(10), b =11.0646(11), c = 13.0245(14) A, α = 102.230(2), β = 90.606, γ = 113.9250(10)°, V = 1300.3(2) A~3, M_r = 748.06, Z = 2, D_c = 1.911 g/cm~3, μ(MoKα) = 4.60 mm~(-1) and F(000) = 728. The structure was refined to R = 0.0316 and wR = 0.0835 for 3744 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The title compound crystallizes as a centrosymmetric tetranuclear compound. One half of the molecule comprises the asymmetric unit of the structure. The Ag(1) atom is nearly linear or T-shaped when the Ag(1)-Ag(2) interaction is taken into consideration, which is bi-coordinated by two carbene carbon atoms. The Ag(2) atom adopts tetrahedral geometry. The catalytic behavior of the title complex has been investigated, and the results indicate it has a highly catalytic activation for L-lactide polymerization.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-(4-Oxo-3-o- tolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-ylthio)acetohydrazide

The title compound was synthesized from 3-(2-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihy- droquinazolin-4(1H)-one (4) which was prepared from 2-methylaniline in two steps. The structure was supported by the spectroscopic data and unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with unit cell dimensions a = 6.687(4), b = 24.788(16), c = 30.453(19) A, V = 5048(5) A~3 and Z = 8.
A New Dinuclear Gadolinium Complex Constructed from p-Phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic Acid and in situ Generated Oxalate

Routine solution reaction of Gd~(3+) and p-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (p-PhDTA) yields a dinuclear complex [Gd_2(ox)(p-PhDTA)_2(H_2O)_(10)]·6H_2O (ox = oxalate), which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (MoKα radiation, = 0.71073 A), elemental analysis and IR. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2_1/n with a = 10.2522(8), b = 10.0053(8), c = 23.8834(18) A, = 99.1080(10)°, V = 2419.0(3)A~3, Z = 2, M_r = 1367.32, D_c = 1.877 g/cm~3, F(000) = 1368, = 2.830 mm~(-1), the final R = 0.0337 and wR = 0.0794 for 4747 observed reflections (I > 2 (I)). The exo-tetradentate oxalate ligand, generated in situ from the oxidative coupling of methanol, is incorporated to construct a dinuclear Gd2(ox)2 unit decorated with p-PhDTA ligands on the two sides with a monodentate coordination mode. The dinuclear molecules are further connected by the lattice water molecules to form a three-dimen- sional hydrogen network.
指部皮肤缺损的修复原则

指部皮肤缺损是临床最常见的损伤之一,因此处理此类损伤是临床医生经常面对的问题.回顾我刊近三年共发表有关论文83篇,其中应用胸腹部交叉皮瓣12篇,应用上肢部位(臂及前臂)游离或带蒂皮瓣12篇,应用下肢部位(大腿、小腿及足部)游离皮瓣21篇,应用手部(掌背及指动脉、掌指神经血管蒂、V-Y推进皮瓣等)皮瓣38篇,可见利用手部皮瓣是修复指部皮肤缺损的主要方法.
尿液分析系统复检规则的建立及流程优化

目的建立尿液分析流水线的复检规则并优化检验流程。方法通过由UF-1000i尿沉渣分析仪、AX-4280干化学分析仪和R/S-500尿沉渣分析工作站组成的尿液分析系统检测3 579例门诊和住院尿液标本,根据UF-1000i分析仪的白细胞计数、红细胞计数、管型结果及AX-4280分析仪的白细胞、隐血、蛋白质定性结果建立复检规则,再通过与R/S-500工作站的镜检结果制订优化措施。结果共制定64条复检规则,其中"建议镜检"规则38条,"无需镜检"规则26条。用R/S-500工作站进行镜检的复检率为29.0%,假阴性率为4.7%,假阳性率为27.2%;29.0%复检标本中,共优化了16.0%(571/3 579),仅13.0%(467/3 579)标本需用R/S-500计数复检。结论建立了尿液分析系统的复检规则,优化了流程,提高了工作效率。
Temperature-dependent cross sections for πo and ρo nonresonant reactions in hadronic matter

With a potential of which the large-distance part reflects lattice gauge results and of which the short-distance part is given by one gluon exchange plus perturbative one-and two-loop corrections,the Schrodinger equation brings about temperature dependence of meson masses and mesonic quark-antiquark relative-motion wave functions.The ground-state meson masses drop with increasing temperature.The transition amplitude calculated from the potential,the meson masses and the wave functions gives temperaturedependent cross sections for the five nonresonant reactions πφ→ KK-bar~*(or K~*K-bar),πo→ K~*K-bar~*,ρo→ KK-bar,ρo→ KK-bar~*(or K~*K-bar) and ρo→ K~*K-bar~*.The numerical temperature-dependent cross sections are parametrized.The peak cross section of either πo→ KK-bar~* or πo→ K~*K-bar~* increases from T = 0 to T = 0.75T _c and decreases with further increasing temperature.The cross section for ρφ→ KK-bar,ρo→ KK-bar~* or ρo→ K~*K-bar~* has a decreasing trend while the temperature increases from 0.75T_c.
On-Farm Assessment of Biosolids Effects on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Soils

A field plot experiment in a calcareous soil with wheat and maize rotation was carried out for 2 yr. The study aimed to investigate the effects of biosolids (sewage sludge or chicken manure) application on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in soils and to develop a model for the effects of biosolids application on available P (Olsen-P) accumulation in soils, by which the quantities of biosolids that can be safely applied to agricultural soils were estimated. The results showed that heavy application of biosolids to agricultural soils based on the N requirement of a wheat-maize rotation cropping system will oversupply P. Soil total N was increased by 0.010 g kg~(-1) at application rate of 1 ton sewage sludge per hectare. The high ratio of N to P in grains of wheat and maize (from 4.0 to 7.6) and low ratio of N to P in biosolids (<2) led to more surplus P accumulated in soils. Although plant yields and P uptake by plants increased with increasing quantities of applied biosolids in soils, there was still an average 2.87 mg kg~(-1) increase in Olsen-P in the plough layer treated with biosolids for every 100 kg P ha~(-1) surplus. A predictive model was developed based upon the initial Olsen-P in soils, P input rates, crop yield, soil pH, and cultivation time. From the model, it is suggested that sewage sludge could be applied to calcareous soils for 12 yr using the recommended application rate (9 tons ha~(-1) yr~(-1)). The field results will be helpful in achieving best management of biosolids application for agricultural production and environmental protection.
Identification of QTLs Conferring Agronomic and Quality Traits in Hexaploid Wheat

The availability of elite germplasm resources with high yield and quality potentials is very important for development of cultivars in wheat. Thus, seeking such resources has been the continuous effort of breeder community. In this study, genetic analysis of a novel resource, Triticum spelta line CSCR6, from Australia was made by use of a recombination inbred line (RIL) population of 82 individuals from the cross between CSCR6 and another Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar, Lang. Data of a multiple environmental test was employed to genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for agronomic traits such as plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SPI), grain number per spike (GNS) and thousand grains weight (TGW) and for quality traits including grain protein content (GPC), gluten content (GC), grain hardness (GH), falling number (FN) and sedimentation value (SV). A 24 QTLs with additive effects were detected for all the investigated traits, and were located on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5B, 7A, and 7B, respectively. Some QTLs located on 2B and 4B showed higher explanation of phenotypic variances and were not obviously interacted with environment. A QTL in the marker interval of wPT-5334-wPT-4918 (near the locus barc 0199) on 4B gave the highest contribution ratio of 30.76% on PH, while Qgpc-4B and Qgc-4B gave 13.07 and 14.70% contribution ratio on GPC and GC, respectively. Qph-2B, Qgns-2B, and Qgpc-2B showed 13.36, 10.00, and 10.79% contribution ratio on PH, GNS and GPC, respectively. Also, a QTL on 5A, Qsl- 5A, could explain 25.12% of phenotypic variance on SL. For most of agronomic and quality traits, CSCR6 alleles produced increase effects. The fact that a number of loci affecting the investigated traits were detected in T. spelta line CSCR6 revealed that it could offer a new opportunity for the manipulation of these traits in wheat breeding programs.
High-power near diffraction-limited 1 064-nm Nd:YAG rod laser and second harmonic generation by intracavity-frequency-doubling

We present a near diffraction-limited 1 064-nm Nd:YAG rod laser with output power of 82.3 W(M~2≈1.38). The power fluctuation over two hours is better than±1.1%.Pulsed 1064-nm laser with an average power of 66.6 W and pulse width of 46 ns are achieved when the laser is Q-switched at a repetition rate of 10 kHz.The short pulse duration stems from the short cavity as well as the high-gain laser modules. Using intracavity-frequency-doubling,a 35.0-W near diffraction-limited 532-nm green laser(M~2≈1.32) is achieved with a pulse width of 43 ns.
High-temperature sensor using a Fabry-Perot interferometer based on solid-core photonic crystal fiber

A micro Fabry-Perot interferometer(M-FPI) is constructed by splicing a short section of polarizationmaintaining photonic crystal fiber(PM-PCF) to an end-cleaved single-mode fiber with controllable offset. Due to the high effective optical path difference induced by the solid core of the PCF,the M-FPI has an ultrasmall cavity of approximately 110μm.The temperature sensitivity within a range from 33℃to approximately 600℃is measured to be 13.8 pm/℃,which shows good agreement with the theoretical result.This proposed sensor has the advantages of ultracompact size and high stability.Therefore,it is suitable for various space-limited sensing applications in harsh environments.
简论山地人居环境科学的发展——“第三届山地人居科学国际论坛”特约报告

为告飨读者,本刊特将吴良镛先生为"第三届山地人居科学国际论坛"而作的报告精选刊出。报告通过吴院士对山地人居环境系统研究的积淀,以及我国当前山地人居环境发展问题,指出,目前山地人居环境建设学术研究存在相当大的差距,应该在借鉴历史的前提下,顺应时代需要,做好科学理论上的储备,在大尺度上创造出新的山地人居环境建设模式,为城市有机分散式的发展形态带来新的创造可能,以避免宝贵的山地资源遭到滥用和破坏。
Management of chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy

Pregnancy associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common and important problem with unique challenges. Pregnant women infected with CHB are different from the general population, and their special problems need to be considered: such as the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the mother and fetus, the effect of pregnancy on replication of the HBV, whether mothers should take HBV antiviral therapy during pregnancy, the effect of these treatments on the mother and fetus, how to carry out immunization of neonates, whether it can induce hepatitis activity after delivery and other serious issues. At present, there are about 350 million individuals with HBV infection worldwide, of which 50% were infected during the perinatal or neonatal period, especially in HBV-endemic countries. Currently, the rate of HBV infection in thechild-bearing age group is still at a high level, and the infection rate is as high as 8.16%. Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission is an important means of reducing the global burden of chronic HBV infection. Even after adopting the combined immunization measures, there are still 5%-10% of babies born with HBV infection in hepatitis B e antigen positive pregnant women. As HBV perinatal transmission is the main cause of chronic HBV infection, we must consider how to prevent this transmission to reduce the burden of HBV infection. In this population of chronic HBV infected women of childbearing age, specific detection, intervention and follow-up measures are particularly worthy of attention and discussion.
Human papilloma virus 16 E6 oncoprotein associated with p53 inactivation in colorectal cancer

AIM:To investigate the association between human papilloma virus(HPV) infection and colorectal cancer.METHODS:Sixty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal cancer including 6 stage Ⅰ,24 stage Ⅱ,21 stage Ⅲ,and 18 stage Ⅳ patients were enrolled in this study to investigate whether HPV 16 could be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis.Nested-polymerase chain reaction(nested-PCR) was used to detect HPV16 DNA in colorectal tumor tissues and further confirmed by in situ hybridization(ISH).In addition,immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to examine the E6 oncoprotein in colorectal tumors.To verify whether E6 could inactivate the p53 transcriptional function,the levels of p21 and Mdm2 mRNA expression were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription(RT)-PCR.RESULTS:Of the 69 colorectal tumors,HPV16 DNA was detected in 11(16%) by nested-PCR,and HPV16 DNA was present in 8 of the 11(73%) tumors which was confirmed by ISH.The presence of HPV16 DNA in colorectal tumors was not associated with patients’ clinical parameters including age,gender,smoking status,tumor site;however,HPV16 infection was more common in stage Ⅰ patients than in late-stages patients(Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ).We next asked whether HPV16 infection could be linked with colorectal cancer development.Immunohistochemical data indicated that 8 of the 11 HPV16 DNA-positive tumors had E6 oncoprotein expression.Moreover,we also observed that the adjacent normal tissues including endothelial cells,lymphocytes,fibroblasts,and gland cells in E6-positive tumors had E6 oncoprotein expression.In addition,3 of the 4(75%) E6-positive tumors carrying p53 wild-type had negative immunostaining,but one tumor had less p53 immunostaining.We further examined whether E6-positive and/or p53 mutated tumors reduce p53 transcriptional activity.Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that p21 and mdm2 mRNA expression levels in E6/p53-wildtype tumors were significantly lower than in their adjacent normal tissues;as expected,E6-positive/p53-mutated tumors had lower p21 and mdm2 mRNA expression levels compared with their adjacent normal tissues.These results clearly indicate that the E6 oncoprotein expressed in p53 wildtype tumors may reduce p21 and mdm2 expression via p53 inactivation.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that HPV16 infection may be involved in a subset of colorectal cancer,and we suggest that the transmission of HPV to the colon and rectum might occur through peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Solution Combustion Synthesis of TiO_2 and Its Use for Fabrication of Photoelectrode for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

Three different types of TiO_2 nano powders were synthesized by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method using three different fuels and for comparison, another type of TiO_2 nano powder was synthesized by calcination of titanyl hydroxide. These TiO_2 nano powders were used to fabricate photoelectrodes for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and their performance was compared to that of the DSSC fabricated with Degussa P25 TiO_2. The results showed that the SCS TiO_2 could work well as photoelectrode for DSSC. The SCS TiO_2 contained impurities of C and/or S, thus exhibiting visible light absorption and reduced band gap. The open circuit voltage and the fill factor both varied little among the various TiO_2 and thus both had little effect on the photoelectrical conversion efficiency (η). However, the variation of η was seen to be in quite a good agreement with that of the short circuit current (I_(sc)), suggesting that η was dominated by Isc. Isc was found to be enhanced by light scattering effect due to the presence of large particles but reduced by high impurity content due to an increase in electron transfer resistance. In addition, the specific surface area of the powders was found to be an important factor affecting the Isc and thus the η.
State of the Art on Micromilling of Materials,a Review

The trend towards miniaturization has increased dramatically over the last decade, especially within the fields concerned with bioengineering, microelectronics, and aerospace. Micromilling is among the principal manufacturing processes which have allowed the development of components possessing micrometric dimensions, being used to the manufacture of both forming tools and the final product. The aim of this work is to present the principal aspects related to this technology, with emphasis on the work material requirements, tool materials and geometry, cutting forces and temperature, quality of the finished product, process modelling and monitoring and machine tool requirements. It can be noticed that size effect possesses a relevant role with regard to the selection of both work material (grain size) and tooling (edge radius). Low forces and temperature are recorded during micromilling, however, the specific cutting force may reach high values because of the ploughing effect observed as the uncut chip thickness is reduced. Finally, burr formation is the principal concern with regard to the quality of the finished part.