mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Excited-state conformation capture by supramolecular chains towards triplet-involved organic emitters

Nowadays, the development of triplet-involved materials becomes a hot research topic in solid-state luminescence fields. However, the mechanism of triplet-involved emission still remains some mysteries to conquer. Here, we proposed a new concept of excited-state conformation capture for the constructions of different types of triplet-involved materials. Firstly, excited-state conformation could be trapped by supramolecular chains in crystal and form a new optimum excited-state structure which is different from that in solution or simple rigid environment, leading to bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission. Based on excited-state conformation capture methodology, next, we obtained roomtemperature phosphorescence (RTP) by introducing Br atoms for the enhancement of intersystem crossing. It could be concluded from experimental results that TADF may originate from aggregate effect while RTP may derive from monomers. Finally, heavy-atom free RTP and ultra RTP were achieved by eliminating aggregate effect. This work could not only extend the design methodology of triplet-involved materials but also set clear evidences for the mechanism of triplet-involved emissions.
Improvement of isothermal oxidation resistance of a γ'-strengthened Co–Al–W–Mo–Ta–B alloy at 800 ℃ via doping Ce

Isothermal oxidation resistance,oxide scale evolution and failure mechanism of Ce-doped Co–Al–W–Mo– Ta–B alloy (0.01 at%,0.05 at%,0.10 at% and 0.20 at% Ce) exposed at 800 ℃ were compared.The 0.01Ce and 0.05Ce alloys were consisted of γ/γ' coherent microstructure,while the κ-Co3W compound precipitated at the grain boundary of the 0.10Ce and 0.20Ce alloys in addition to the γ/γ' microstructure.The oxidation kinetics curves of the Cedoped alloys exhibited a parabolic time dependence on the weight gain.With an increasing nominal Ce content,the weight gain of the Co–Al–W–Mo–Ta–B alloys monotonically decreased.An oxide scale composed of a dense and uniform outer Co_3O_4 + CoO layer,a middle CoAl_2O_4 and CoWO_4 compound layer and an inner Al_2O_3 layer.The excellent oxidation resistance of 0.2Ce alloy was mainly attributed to a shorter incubation stage for the formation of the continuous and protective Al_2O_3 layer and the thickest Al_2O_3 layer during entire oxidation process.
Fluorinated graphite nanosheets for ultrahigh-capacity lithium primary batteries

Traditional fluorinated carbon (CF_x) batteries are greatly limited in their applications mostly because of inferior rate performances,initial voltage delay and low fluorine-to-carbon ratio below one.This work innovatively applies graphite nanosheets (NSs) as carbon source and optimizes the fluorination process at temperature range of 250-400 ℃ to prepare CF_x NSs.Specifically,the edge defects and-CF_2,-CF_3 perfluorinated functional group active sites are introduced into NSs in the form of covalent/semi-covalent/semi-ionic bonds by adjusting the temperature which also breaks the limit of fluorocarbon ratio to achieve ultra-thin microstructure with high performances.In the battery assembly process,a series of discharge electrolytes are introduced to improve the quality and realize the ultrahigh specific capacity.The optimized CF_x-400 ℃ NSs deliver an excellent specific capacity of 921 mAh·g~(-1) at a current density of 10 mA·g~(-1) with a high energy density value of 2210 Wh·kg~(-1).Moreover,the new electrolytes are selected which not only serve as electrolytes but also can be loaded on CF_x surface for various discharge reactions without affecting the actual battery function.Thus,the lightweight tabs and current collectors are selected to control the loading of active material and injection coefficient.The presented battery design strategy provides a new strategy to achieve an ultrahigh specific energy density of 1116 Wh·kg~(-1).
Preparation and characterization of boron-doped corn straw biochar: Fe(Ⅱ)removal equilibrium and kinetics

Nowadays, iron ions as a ubiquitous heavymetal pollutant are gradually concerned and the convenient and quick removal of excessive iron ions in groundwater has become a major challenge for the safety of drinking water.In this study, boron-doped biochar(B-BC)was successfully prepared at various preparation conditions with the addition of boric acid.The as-prepared material has amore developed pore structure and a larger specific surface area(up to 897.97 m~2/g).A series of characterization results shows that boric acid effectively activates biochar, and boron atoms are successfully doped on biochar.Compared with the ratio of raw materials, the pyrolysis temperature has a greater influence on the amount of boron doping.Based on Langmuirmodel, the maximumadsorption capacity of 800B-BC1:2 at 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C are 50.02 mg/g, 95.09 mg/g, 132.78 mg/g, respectively.Pseudo-second-order kinetic model can better describe the adsorption process, the adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption.Chemical complexation, ions exchange, and co-precipitation may be the main mechanisms for Fe~(2+)removal.
韧性导向的美国《诺福克城绿色基础设施规划》研究

绿色基础设施(GI:green infrastructure)是自然系统与人工系统相互联系的绿色空间网络,它有利于城市土地可持续利用,并为人类与环境和谐、社会经济发展提供重要支撑。1980年代自然保护基金主导的美国绿色通道计划直接推动了人们对城市绿色空间网络的关注,1990年马里兰绿道和1994年佛罗里达绿道的规划建设开启了绿色基础设施的实践历程。随着1999年美国可持续发展委员会将绿色基础设施建设列为美国城市与社区可持续发展的重要战略,美国掀起了绿色基础设施研究与实践的热潮。2006年贝内迪克特和麦克马洪(Benedict & McMahon)提出绿色基础设施是"一个由自然区域和其他开放空间组成并相互连接的网络,它保护自然生态系统的价值和功能,维持空气和水的清洁,并为人类和野生动物提供广泛的利益",进而形成了"服务于环境、社会和经济健康的生态框架"。实际上,除了互连互通、多功能和绿色等确定性的核心理念,绿色基础设施的概念一直处于持续的波动变化之中,这些波动体现出绿色基础设施的包容性,而变化与包容性既扩大了绿色基础设施的内涵与外延,也凸显了其作为一种工具的实用性与灵活性。近年来为应对外部环境的不确定性,城市韧性思想逐渐崛起,美国绿色基础设施规划也呈现出与韧性思想结合的趋势,包括基于绿色街道的《波特兰绿色基础设施规划(2008)》、基于废弃地利用的《里士满绿色基础设施规划(2009)》、基于GISP模型的《底特律多功能绿色基础设施规划(2010)》、基于水廊道可持续策略的《纽约绿色基础设施规划(2010)》和基于韧性社区塑造的《诺福克城绿色基础设施规划(2018)》等,这种向适应性转向的趋势提升了绿色基础设施服务生态系统的综合水平。
先天性中枢性低通气综合征6例病例系列报告

CCHS为终身性疾病,需患儿及其家长和医护人员共同合作,出院前医护人员应对家长进行培训和护理宣教,包括呼吸机、脉搏血氧饱和度仪和制氧机等仪器的使用,呼吸机应有蓄电功能,家中最好有备用呼吸机。应保证SPO2≥ 95%,根据患儿情况设置合适的报警值。家长应掌握基本的心肺复苏技能,如果有气管切开或肠造瘘,需掌握相应的护理技巧。CCHS患儿建议定期门诊随访,对呼吸状态进行评估,评价生长发育及神经认知发育情况。因病程中可能会出现反复低氧发作,所以应定期复查心电图、超声心动图及头颅MR,评估有无肺动脉高压、肺心病及缺氧缺血性脑病的发生。
Wiskott-Aldrich综合征伴系统性红斑狼疮一例

Wiskott-Aldrich综合征(WAS)又称湿疹-血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征,是由X染色体上WAS基因突变所导致的一种少见的X连锁隐性遗传性疾病,该病可同时有遗传性血液病以及原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)的表现。其特征主要为血小板减少、湿疹、反复感染和出血倾向,且易患自身免疫病和恶性肿瘤。临床上该病较少见,WAS伴发SLE更是罕见,现报道1例WAS综合征并SLE的病例,探讨WAS综合征的临床特征、基因突变特点以及WAS合并SLE的临床特点、合理治疗措施,以提高对其认识。
系统性红斑狼疮合并潜伏性结核感染的风险因素检测手段及治疗

SLE是自身免疫病的原型,以多种自身抗体产生为特征,可累及全身多个脏器。SLE患者因为自身免疫紊乱及免疫抑制剂使用,其结核感染比例明显高于普通人群。同时由于大部分活动性结核是由潜伏性结核感染发展而来,故SLE患者潜伏性结核感染的筛查有助于早期发现SLE患者合并潜伏性结核感染,并根据患者的病情给予个体化的治疗,从而改善患者的预后,减少医疗成本支出。本文主要探讨SLE患者潜伏性结核感染的危险因素,检测手段以及可选用的治疗方案。
结肠胶囊内镜在结直肠癌筛查中的应用

结直肠癌是危害人民健康的一种常见恶性肿瘤,筛查是降低结直肠癌发病率和病死率最有效的手段。结肠镜检查是结直肠癌筛查指南中推荐的首要方法,但依从性欠佳。结肠胶囊内镜是一种新开发的非侵入性结肠内镜检查技术,舒适性较传统的结肠镜检查明显提升。本文对结肠胶囊内镜在结直肠癌筛查中的应用情况做一综述。
监管数据在药品行业发展中的应用规划与设计

近年来,随着新一代信息技术的飞速发展和信息化水平的不断提升,大数据已成为国家重要的基础性战略资源。药品监管数据是政务数据在药品监管领域的具体体现,正与药品监管业务不断深度融合,其助力药品行业发展的作用逐步增强。数据的生命力在于应用,将药品监管部门已有的数据资源充分利用起来,不断释放公共数据在应用转化过程中的社会效益和经济价值,助力行业发展,是当前药品监督管理部门一项亟需研究的课题。本文从国家药品监管数据中心的数据资源现状着手,通过分析药品行业发展过程中的数据需求,以及研究国内药品数据应用产品,坚持以应用为导向,规划设计助力药品行业发展的数据应用产品,为监管数据的应用提供借鉴。
软磁磁粉芯和烧结软磁材料:结构、性能、特点和应用

从理论上讲,磁粉芯更低的μe主要是由三种效应引起的,这三种因素也是相互紧密相关的。这些因素是:非磁性介质对磁性颗粒的稀释、内退磁场和涡流,这些因素前面都已经讨论过。第一种效应涉及到磁性颗粒粉末的更低填充分数。这些非磁性的绝缘材料(如无机或有机表面涂层)降低了铁磁颗粒在复合物中的体积分数,并提供了等效的分布式气隙,也增大了Hc,因此与同成份的合金块体软磁磁芯相比降低了材料的μe,也导致了弛豫频率的增高。颗粒的排列也对这种气隙的分布起着很大的作用,也会影响到磁导率μe和直流叠加性能。已经证明,虽然在颗粒表面形成的氧化层降低了μe,μe的频率特性和Q值却得到了改善。而且,磁粉芯的高频特性可以通过改变氧化层的厚度来控制。因此,应该注意到,磁粉芯的高频磁性能可以通过好的粉末绝缘和粉末好的软磁性(更低的Hc)来改善。
实现科技强国梦,青年科技工作者的使命但当

科技兴则民族兴、科技强则国家强,青年人才是科技创新的新生力量。青年科技工作者已经成为我国科技人力资源的主体,他们主动于危机中育先机、于变局中开新局,不断攻坚克难向科技创新要答案。2021年7月28日,在第二十三届中国科协年会闭幕式上,中国科学院计算技术研究所副所长、研究员陈云霁,柔宇科技创始人、董事长兼CEO刘自鸿,长征五号系列火箭发射支持系统型号主管、中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院第十五研究所高级工程师孙振莲等3位优秀青年科学家代表作主旨报告,结合所从事的专业领域,分享他们为实现科技强国梦的奋斗历程。
创新医防协同机制专家建议

2020年12月26日,来自专业公共卫生机构、高校科研院所、医疗机构、专业期刊、学会的38名专家就“创新医防协同机制、策略与实施路径”深入研讨,提出创新医防协同机制的专家建议:(1)完善医防协同投入保障机制;(2)落实医防协同资源共享机制;(3)健全医防协同分工协作机制;(4)改革医防协同人才培养机制;(5)创新医防协同医保筹资支付机制;(6)建立医防协同绩效考核机制。同时提出了13点具体建议。
A Bifunctional-Modulated Conformal Li/Mn-Rich Layered Cathode for Fast-Charging,High Volumetric Density and Durable Li-Ion Full Cells

Lithium- and manganese-rich (LMR) layered cathode materials hold the great promise in designing the next-generation high energy density lithium ion batteries.However,due to the severe surface phase transformation and structure collapse,stabilizing LMR to suppress capacity fade has been a critical challenge.Here,a bifunctional strategy that integrates the advantages of surface modification and structural design is proposed to address the above issues.A model compound Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2 (MNC) with semi-hollow microsphere structure is synthesized,of which the surface is modified by surface-treated layer and graphene/carbon nanotube dual layers.The unique structure design enabled high tap density (2.1 g cm~(-3)) and bidirectional ion diffusion pathways.The dual surface coatings covalent bonded with MNC via C-O-M linkage greatly improves charge transfer efficiency and mitigates electrode degradation.Owing to the synergistic effect,the obtained MNC cathode is highly conformal with durable structure integrity,exhibiting high volumetric energy density (2234 Wh L~(-1)) and predominant capacitive behavior.The assembled full cell,with nanographite as the anode,reveals an energy density of 526.5 Wh kg~(-1),good rate performance (70.3% retention at 20 C) and long cycle life (1000 cycles).The strategy presented in this work may shed light on designing other high-performance energy devices.
Cytopathic effects and local immune responses in repeated neoadjuvant HSV-tkD ganciclovir gene therapy for prostate cancer

Objective: Cytopathic effects and local immune response were analyzed histologically in prostatic cancer (PCa) with in situ herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy (GT). Methods: Four high-risk PCa patients who received HSV-tk/GCV GT were investigated. After two cycles of intraprostatic injection of HSV-tk and administration of GCV, radical prostatectomy was performed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. PCa with hormone therapy (HT, n=3) or without neoadjuvant therapy (NT, n=4) that were equivalent in terms of risk were also examined as reference. Immunoreactively-positive cells were counted in at least three areas in cancer tissue. Labeling indices (LI) were calculated as percentage values. Results: ssDNA LI in GT increased, indicating apoptosis, as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages, compared with their biopsies. GT cases showed significantly higher numbers of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) LI, CD4/CD8-positive T cells and CD68- positive macrophages including M1/M2 macrophages than HT or NT cases. However, there was no significant difference in CD20-positive B cells among the types of case. There were strong correlations between CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages (p=0.656, p<0.0001) as well as CD4+ T cells and CD20+ B cells (p=0.644, p<0.0001) in PCa with GT. Conclusions: Enhanced cytopathic effect and local immune response might be indicated in PCa patients with HSV-tk/GCV gene therapy.
Enhanced Reversible Zinc Ion Intercalation in Deficient Ammonium Vanadate for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery

Ammonium vanadate with bronze structure (NH_4V_4O_(10)) is a promising cathode material for zinc-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity and low cost.However,the extraction of NH_4~+ at a high voltage during charge/discharge processes leads to irreversible reaction and structure degradation.In this work,partial NH_4~+ ions were preremoved from NH_4V_4O_(10) through heat treatment;NH_4V_4O_(10) nanosheets were directly grown on carbon cloth through hydrothermal method.Deficient NH_4V_4O_(10) (denoted as NVO),with enlarged interlayer spacing,facilitated fast zinc ions transport and high storage capacity and ensured the highly reversible electrochemical reaction and the good stability of layered structure.The NVO nanosheets delivered a high specific capacity of 457 mAh g~(–1) at a current density of 100 mA g~(–1) and a capacity retention of 81% over 1000 cycles at 2 A g~(–1).The initial Coulombic efficiency of NVO could reach up to 97% compared to 85% of NH_4V_4O_(10) and maintain almost 100% during cycling,indicating the high reaction reversibility in NVO electrode.
Study of high-speed-impact-induced conoidal fracture of Ti alloy layer in composite armor plate composed of Ti- and Al-alloy layers

In order to understand the mechanism of conoidal fracture damage caused by a high-speed fragmentsimulating projectile in titanium alloy layer of a composite armor plate composed of titanium- and aluminum-alloy layers, the ballistic interaction process was successfully simulated based on the Tuler -Butcher and GISSMO coupling failure model. The simulated conoidal fracture morphology was in good agreement with the three-dimensional industrial-computed-tomography image. Further, three main damage zones (zones I, II, and III) were identified besides the crater area, which are located respectively near the crater area, at the back of the target plate, and directly below the crater area. Under the high-speed-impact conditions, in zone II, cracks began to form at the end of the period of crack formation in zone I, but crack formation in zone III started before the end of crack formation in zone II. Further, the damage mechanism differed for different stress states. The microcracks in zone I were formed both by void connection and shear deformation. In the formation of zone I, the stress triaxiality ranged from -2.0 to -1.0, and the shear failure mechanism played a dominant role. The microcracks in zone II showed the combined features of shear deformation and void connection, and during the formation process, the stress triaxiality was between 0 and 0.5 with a mixed failure mode. Further, the microcracks in zone III showed obvious characteristics of void connection caused by local melting. During the zone III formation, the triaxiality was 1.0-1.9, and the ductile fracture mechanism was dominant, which also reflects the phenomenon of spallation.
Numerical study on the case effect of a bomb air explosion

When considering the bomb explosion damage effect, the air shock wave and high-speed fragments of the bomb case are two major threats. In experiments, the air shock wave was studied by the bare explosives superseding the real cased bomb; in contrast, the bomb case influence was ignored to reduce risk. The air explosion simulations of the MK84 warhead with and without the case were conducted. The numerical simulation results showed that the bomb case significantly influenced the shock wave generated by the bomb: the spatial distribution of shock wave in the near field changed, and the peak value of shock wave was reduced. Breakage of the case and kinetic energy of the fragmentation consumed 3 and 38% of the explosion energy, respectively. The increasing factors of the peak overpressure induced by the bare explosive on the ground and in the air were 1.43-3.04 and 1.37-1.57, respectively. Four typical stages of case breakage were defined. The mass distribution of the fragments follows the Mott distribution. The initial velocity distribution of the fragments agreed well with the Gurney equation.
A Smart Charging Algorithm Based on a Fast Charging Station Without Energy Storage System

With the growing popularity of electric vehicles(EV), there is an urgent demand to solve the stress placed on grids caused by the irregular and frequent access of EVs. The traditional direct current(DC) fast charging station(FCS) based on a photovoltaic(PV) system can effectively alleviate the stress of the grid and carbon emission, but the high cost of the energy storage system(ESS) and the under utilization of the grid-connected interlinking converters(GIC) are not very well addressed. In this paper, the DC FCS architecture based on a PV system and ESS-free is first proposed and employed to reduce the cost. Moreover, the proposed smart charging algorithm(SCA) can fully coordinate the source/load properties of the grid and EVs to achieve the maximum power output of the PV system and high utilization rate of GICs in the absence of ESS support for FCS. SCA contains a self-regulated algorithm(SRA) for EVs and a grid-regulated algorithm(GRA) for GICs. While the DC bus voltage change caused by power fluctuations does not exceed the set threshold, SRA readjusts the charging power of each EV through the status of the charging(SOC) feedback of the EV, which can ensure the power rebalancing of the FCS. The GRA would participate in the adjustment process once the DC bus voltage is beyond the set threshold range. Under the condition of ensuring the charging power of all EVs, a GRA based on adaptive droop control can improve the utilization rate of GICs. At last, the simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCA.
Developing a Super-lift Luo-converter with Integration of Buck Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications

In this paper, a DC-DC multi-port converter is introduced by integrating a super-lift and a buck converter(SLBC). The proposed single-input dual-output(SIDO) converter has conventional positive output voltage super-lift advantages while simultaneously generating a step-up voltage by Luoconverter and a step-down voltage by the buck converter. In this structure, without utilizing electromagnetic components to generate a dual output,the ripple in output voltages is kept low. Meanwhile, the introduced SLBC has a simple structure and an appropriate control method providing a wide range of output voltages. Besides, to illustrate the advantages of the proposed SIDO converter, a comparison with other similar configurations is carried out. Also, simulation and experiment results indicate a considerable reduction in conduction losses compared to other SIDO converters in the same situations. The operation accuracy of SLBC is validated by performing several simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC software and testing a 150W prototype in the laboratory.
Review and Outlook of HVDC Grids as Backbone of Transmission System

HVDC technology has undergone many major developments in the past decades, resulting in higher power ratings, increased efficiency, and the availability of effective means for HVDC grid protection. These developments have made overlay HVDC grids a viable option to shift towards a carbon-free power system, by enabling optimal use of renewable resources. In particular, overlay HVDC grids greatly increase the prospect of building(trans-) continental supergrids to facilitate global economic development. However, overlay HVDC grids still encounter challenges due to the distance and amount of power involved. This paper focuses on analyzing the readiness of the current technologies and the challenges associated with overlay HVDC grids. An in-depth analysis is carried out to evaluate the applicability of current technologies for overlay HVDC grids. Based on the review of recent research and development efforts, the gaps and challenges towards the realization of a global HVDC grid are summarized.
Stability Control Method for Hybrid AC-DC Transmission Systems Considering Cross-region Multi-energy Coordination

China has built the largest hybrid AC-DC power systems with the highest voltage levels in the world. How to effectively guarantee the stable operation of the hybrid AC-DC power systems is a critical undertaking and technical demand. In view of the stability problems of hybrid AC-DC transmission systems with a high percentage of wind power, a hybrid AC-DC transmission system's stability control method that considers cross-region multi-energy coordination is established in this paper. Aiming at the uncertainty of a high percentage of wind power, the dynamic inversion method is used as the inner loop for robust control, and the battery energy storage and regenerative electric boiler are used as multiple energy sources to coordinate, and the outer loop robust control is used for uncertainty compensation. The hybrid AC-DC weak-sending terminal system with wind power is analyzed and designed by µ-synthesis based on the H_∞ control, and a stability control method for hybrid AC-DC transmission systems, considering cross-region multi-energy coordination, is established. Simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper can guarantee the robustness of the dynamic inversion method and improves the control performance of AC-DC transmission systems.
Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow of an AC/DC System with a Multiport Current Flow Controller

To evaluate the impact of the randomness and correlation of photovoltaic(PV) and load on AC/DC systems with a multiport current flow controller(M-CFC), this paper proposes a probabilistic optimal power flow calculation for AC/DC systems, based on a nonparametric kernel density estimation. First, according to the M-CFC model, the DC power flow calculation method with M-CFC was inferred, and its influence on line loss was analyzed. Second, a nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth is used to accurately describe the probability distribution of the PV and load, and correlation samples of the PV and load are obtained by the mixed copula function. Then an optimization model that considers system loss and static security is established, and a fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm based on the elite strategy(NSGA-II) is used to calculate the multi-objective probability optimal power flow of the AC/DC system. Finally, a case study is performed on a modified IEEE39 bus system using measured PV and load data. We verified that the nonparametric kernel density estimation with an adaptive bandwidth can better adapt to random component uncertainty, and M-CFC can improve the static security of the system.
Model Predictive Control Based Real-time Energy Management for Hybrid Energy Storage System

An accurate driving cycle prediction is a vital function of an onboard energy management strategy(EMS) for a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system(HESS) in electric vehicles. In this paper, we address the requirements to achieve better EMS performances for a HESS. First, a long short-term memory-based method is proposed to predict driving cycles under the framework of a model predictive control(MPC) algorithm. Secondly, the performances of three EMSs based on fuzzy logic, MPC, and dynamic programming are systematically evaluated and analyzed. For online implementation, the MPC-based EMS can alleviate the stress on the battery in the HESS and significantly reduce energy dissipation by up to 15.3% in comparison with the fuzzy logic-based EMS. Thirdly, the impact of battery aging on EMS performances is explored; it indicates that battery aging consciousness can slightly extend battery life. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop test platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the MPC-based EMS for the power allocation of a HESS in electric vehicles.