mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Improved automatic search of impossible differentials for camellia with FL/FL~(-1) layers

Camellia is an international standard adopted by ISO/IEC and is recommended by CRYPTREC and NESSIE project. Wu et al. presented an effective tool to search truncated impossible differentials for word-oriented block ciphers with bijective Sboxes. However, their method only adopted Sbox as the nonlinear part and cannot be applied to Camellia with FL/FL~(-1) layers. We discover the difference propagation of three basic components employed in the FL/FL~(-1) layers, i.e., AND, OR, ROTATION operations, and generalize the automatic search to consider more nonlinear operations. Using this system, we search for impossible differentials of round-reduced Camellia with FL/FL~(-1) layers. Moreover, by some changes in the nonlinear subsystem, our algorithm can be easily adjusted to be compatible with searching for impossible differentials which are with restrictions on input/output differences or subkeys. Table 1 summaries our searching results and compares them with the previous results. In order to demonstrate that our algorithm is effective, we launch an impossible differential attack on 14- round Camellia-256 with FL/FL~(-1) layers using the new impossible differential obtained by our algorithm. Compared to the previous best attack achieved by Boura et al., our attack improves the time and memory complexity a lot.
A threshold voltage and drain current model for symmetric dual-gate amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors

Based on the drift-diffusion theory, a simple threshold voltage and drain current model for symmetric dual-gate(DG) amorphous InGaZnO(a-IGZO) thin film transistors(TFTs) is developed. In the subthreshold region, most of the free electrons are captured by trap states in the bandgap of a-IGZO, thus the ionized trap states are the main contributor to the diffusion component of device drain current. Whereas in the above-threshold region, most of the trap states are ionized, and free electrons increase dramatically with gate voltage, which in turn become the main source of the drift component of device drain current. Therefore, threshold voltage of DG a-IGZO TFTs is defined as the gate voltage where the diffusion component of drain current equals the drift one, which can be determined with physical parameters of a-IGZO. The developed threshold voltage model is proved to be consistent with trap-limited conduction mechanism prevailing in a-IGZO, with the effect of drain bias being also taken into account. The gate overdrive voltage-dependent mobility is well modeled by the derived threshold voltage, and comparisons of the obtained drain current with experiment data show good verification of our model.
A systematic framework to understand central bank digital currency

The ongoing research and development of digital fiat currency(DFC) have triggered attention of policy makers, regulators and the industrial and academic communities. But there is not yet a clear idea and blueprint of what DFC looks like. This paper establishes a systematic framework to analyze the essence and connotation of DFC from four dimensions: currency value, technical aspects, means of implementation and application scenarios. It is argued that DFC is a credit-based currency in terms of value, a crypto-currency from a technical perspective, an algorithm-based currency in terms of implementation and a smart currency in application scenarios. Compared with existing private digital currencies and electronic currencies, DFC will be equipped with brand new and higher qualities. The goal of Chinese DFC is to contribute to more stable value, more secure data, more powerful regulation, stronger empowerment of individuals in payment activities and smarter application. Chinese DFC should have qualities that enable it to provide better service for the public, to offer effective tools for macroeconomic control and to lay a solid foundation for RegTech development.
Economic power dispatch in smart grids: a framework for distributed optimization and consensus dynamics

By using the distributed consensus theory in multi-agent systems, the strategy of economic power dispatch is studied in a smart grid, where many generation units work cooperatively to achieve an optimal solution in a local area. The relationship between the distributed optimization solution and consensus in multi-agent systems is first revealed in this paper, which can serve as a general framework for future studies of this topic. First, without the constraints of capacity limitations, it is found that the total cost for all the generators in a smart grid can achieve the minimal value if the consensus can be reached for the incremental cost of all the generation units and the balance between the supply and demand of powers is kept. Then, by designing a distributed consensus control protocol in multi-agent systems with appropriate initial conditions, incremental cost consensus can be realized and the balance for the powers can also be satisfied. Furthermore, the difficult problem for distributed optimization of the total cost function with bounded capacity limitations is also discussed. A reformulated barrier function is proposed to simplify the analysis, under which the total cost can reach the minimal value if consensus can be achieved for the modified incremental cost with some appropriate initial values. Thus, the distributed optimization problems for the cost function of all generation units with and without bounded capacity limitations can both be solved by using the idea of consensus in multi-agent systems, whose theoretical analysis is still lacking nowadays. Finally, some simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the results in this paper.
局限期小细胞肺癌胸部放射治疗的研究进展

小细胞肺癌(SCLC)对放化疗敏感,初治缓解率高,但容易复发转移,预后差。局限期小细胞肺癌(LD-SCLC)的标准治疗方案是化疗联合胸部放疗,但目前针对放疗的具体实施模式尚无定论,存在诸多争议。本文作者系统地总结了LD-SCLC胸部放疗的最新研究进展,从放疗介入的时机、靶区勾画范围、放疗剂量和分割方式等方面进行归纳总结,指出同步放化疗优于序贯放疗、早放疗优于晚放疗等共识,提出累及野照射、常规分割高剂量放疗和低分割放疗等未来研究方向。
A Perfect Graphene Absorber with Waveguide Coupled High-Contrast Gratings

To achieve the enhancement and manipulation of light absorption in graphene within the visible and near infrared regions, a design consists of high-contrast gratings and two evanescently coupled slabs with graphene monolayer is demonstrated. The operation principle and design process of the proposed structure are analyzed using the coupled mode theory, which is confirmed by the rigorous coupled wave analysis. It is proved that the absorptance of graphene monolayer can be greatly enhanced to unity. The thickness of grating and slab layers can significantly change the line width and resonant mode position in the absorption spectra. Furthermore, high tunability in amplitude and bandwidth of the absorption spectra can be achieved by controlling the structural parameters of the hybrid structure. The proposed devices could be efficiently exploited as tunable and selective absorbers, and could be allowed to realize other two-dimensional materials-based selective photo-detectors.
Intrinsic Instability of the Hybrid Halide Perovskite Semiconductor CH_3NH_3PbI_3

The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH_3NH_3PbI_3 has attracted significant interest for its high performance in converting solar light into electrical power with an efficiency exceeding 20%. Unfortunately, chemical stability is one major challenge in the development of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 solar cells. It was commonly assumed that moisture or oxygen in the environment causes the poor stability of hybrid halide perovskites, however, here we show from the first-principles calculations that the room-temperature tetragonal phase of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the phase separation into CH_3NH_3I+PbI_2, i.e., the disproportionation is exothermic, independent of the humidity or oxygen in the atmosphere. When the structure is distorted to the low-temperature orthorhombic phase, the energetic cost of separation increases, but remains small. Contributions from vibrational and configurational entropy at room temperature have been considered, but the instability of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 is unchanged. When I is replaced by Br or Cl, Pb by Sn, or the organic cation CH_3NH_3 by inorganic Cs, the perovskites become more stable and do not phase-separate spontaneously. Our study highlights that the poor chemical stability is intrinsic to CH_3NH_3PbI_3 and suggests that element-substitution may solve the chemical stability problem in hybrid halide perovskite solar cells.
Ultrafast Terahertz Probes of Charge Transfer and Recombination Pathway of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 Perovskites

We use transient terahertz photoconductivity measurements to demonstrate that upon optical excitation of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 perovskite, the hole transfer from CH_3NH_3PbI_3 into the organic hole-transporting material (HTM) Spiro-OMeTAD occurs on a sub-picosecond timescale. Second-order recombination is the dominant decay pathway at higher photo-excitation fluences as observed in neat CH_3NH_3PbI_3 films. In contrast, under similar experimental conditions, second-order recombination weakly contributes the relatively slow recombination between the electrons in the perovskite and the injected holes in HTM, as a loss mechanism at the CH_3NH_3PbI_3/Spiro-OMeTAD interface. Our results offer insights into the intrinsic photophysics of CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskites with direct implications for photovoltaic devices and optoelectronic applications.
Specific Emitter Identification Based on Visibility Graph Entropy

The specific emitter identification (SEI) technique determines the unique emitter of a given signal by using some external feature measurements of the signal. It has recently attracted a great deal of attention because many applications can benefit from it. This work addresses the SEI problem using two methods, namely, the normalized visibility graph entropy (NVGE) and the normalized horizontal visibility graph entropy (NHVGE) based on treating emitters as nonlinear dynamical systems. Firstly, the visibility graph (VG) and the horizontal visibility graph (HVG) are used to convert the instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency of received signals into graphs. Then, based on the information captured by the VG and the HVG, the normalized Shannon entropy (NSE) calculated from the corresponding degree distributions are utilized as the rf fingerprint. Finally, four emitters from the same manufacturer are utilized to evaluate the performance of the two methods. Experimental results demonstrate that both the NHVGE-based method and NVGE-based method are quite effective and they perform much better than the method based on the normalized permutation entropy (NPE) in the case of a small amount of data. The NVGE-based method performs better than the NHVGE-based method since the VG can extract more information than the HVG does. Moreover, our methods do not distinguish between the transient signal and the steady-state signal, making it practical.
Polar Dependence of Threading Dislocation Density in GaN Films Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We investigate the threading dislocation (TD) density in N-polar and Ga-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the proportion of screw type TDs in N-polar GaN is much larger and the proportion of edge type TDs is much smaller than that in Ga-polar. Transmission electron microscope results show that the interface between the AlN nucleation layer and the GaN layer in N-polar films is smoother than that in Ga-polar films, which suggests different growth modes of GaN. This observation explains the encountered difference in screw and edge TD density. A model is proposed to explain this phenomenon.
Development of a high performance flexible porous burner (FPMB) with an adjustable cooling effect

A high performance flexible porous medium burner that can burn gaseous and liquid fuel with different type of flames (premixed and non-premixed) is proposed. The merit of the combustion within porous medium is that heat is recirculated from the combustion gas to porous medium at upstream wherein vaporization is taken place (in case of liquid fuel) or preheated (in case of gaseous fuel) before mixing with the combustion air followed by combustion within another porous medium at downstream. In a former version of the high performance flexible porous medium burner, the upstream porous medium is incorporated with a cooling system using the combustion air as a coolants to prevent thermal decomposition of fuels and thus the burner clogging caused by carbon deposit within the porous medium can be avoided. However, the cooling effect cannot be properly controlled such that the boiling point of the liquid fuel is maintained at suitable value irrespective of the volume flow rate of the combustion air, which is linearly varied with the firing rate of the burner. In particular at the lean burn condition, where high air flow rate is required with high cooling effect with porous medium. This can result in the porous medium temperature lower than the corresponding boiling point of the liquid fuel and thus evaporation of the fuel is failed and the combustion is ceased. Therefore, method of controlling the cooling air flow rate in the porous medium is proposed and studied in order to appropriately control the porous medium temperature and maintain it at above the boiling point irrespective of the combustion conditions. In this research, experimental and computation analysis are used to design the flexible porous burner (FPMB), with adjustable cooling effect. The result shows that, the new design of FPMB which has temperature in the upstream porous medium is higher than boiling point and lower than thermal decomposition temperature of fuel (kerosene) at all conditions and can be operated at a wide range of equivalence ratio without fuel decomposition and fuel non-vaporization problem.
Assessment and analysis of strata movement with special reference to rock burst mechanism in island longwall panel

This study presents a novel approach using theoretical analysis to assess the risk of rock burst of an island longwall panel that accounts for the coupled behavior of stress distribution and overlying strata movement. The height of destressed zone (HDZ) above the mined panel was first determined based on the strain energy balance in an underground coal mining area. HDZ plays a vital role in accurately determining the amount of different loads being transferred towards the front abutment and panel sides. Subsequently, based on the load transfer mechanisms, a series of formulae were derived for the average static and dynamic stresses in the island pillar through theoretical analysis. Finally, the model was applied to determining the side abutment stress distribution of LW 3112 in the Chaoyang Coal Mine and the results of ground subsidence monitoring were used to verify the predicted model. It can be concluded that the proposed computational model can be successfully applied to determining the safety of mining in island longwall panels.
Texture evolution and inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu based on crystal plasticity finite element method and particle swarm optimization algorithm

Texture evolution and inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu during uniaxial compression are investigated at the grain scale by combining crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The texture-based representative volume element (TBRVE) is used in the crystal plasticity finite element model, where a given number of crystallographic orientations are obtained by means of discretizing the orientation distribution function (ODF) based on electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) experiment data. Three-dimensional grains with different morphologies are generated on the basis of Voronoi tessellation. The PSO algorithm plays a significant role in identifying the material parameters and saving computational time. The macroscopic stress–strain curve is predicted based on CPFEM, where the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Therefore, CPFEM is a powerful candidate for capturing the texture evolution and clarifying the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of polycrystalline Cu. The simulation results indicate that the <110> fiber texture is generated finally with the progression of plastic deformation. The inhomogeneous distribution of rotation angles lays the foundation for the inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu in terms of grain scale.
超声及磁共振成像对前列腺癌诊断和监测的研究进展

前列腺癌是男性最常见的非上皮来源的恶性肿瘤,其发病率有明显的地理和种族差异,欧洲每年确诊的前列腺癌新发病例约260万,在美国其发病率已经超过肺癌,成为危及男性健康的第一位肿瘤,美国癌症协会预计2016年将会有180 890例新增前列腺癌患者。亚洲前列腺癌的发病率远远低于欧美国家,但由于中国人口老年化进展,近年前列腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势。
Exploring the potential confounder of nitrogen fertilizers in the relationship between pesticide exposures and risk of leukemia: a Poisson regression with two-way fixed-effects analysis

Research discussing potential environmental toxins that may be related to the etiology of childhood leukemia has been growing. The suspected environmental contaminants include solvents, air pollutants, pesticides, and tobacco smoke. Exposure to various pesticides has come under particular scrutiny, with positive associations with childhood leukemia. Poynter et al. conducted a population-based study assessing the association between self-reported chemical exposures and odds of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The authors found no clear association between pesticides and AML or MDS; however, they did report significant associations of AML and MDS with other chemicals, including benzene, vinyl chloride, and fertilizers. While it is certainly important to identify exposure to pesticides as a potential etiological factor in leukemia onset, it is also important to address confounding variables, such as fertilizers, that may be both strongly associated with pesticide use and empirically associated with leukemic outcomes.
Effect of Zn deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in two Moraceae plants

The effect of zinc (Zn) deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in plant organs (root, stem, and leaf) and root exudates of two Moraceae plants (Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba) were investigated. Two Moraceae plants were hydroponically grown and cultured in nutrient solution in four different treatments with 0.02 mM Zn or no Zn, combined with no or 10 mM bicarbonate. The variations of organic acids in different plant organs were similar to those of root exudates in the four treatments except B. papyrifera, which was in a treatment that was a combination of 0.02 mM Zn and no bicarbonate. The response characteristics in the production, translocation, and allocation of organic acids in the plant organs and root exudates varied with species and treatments. Organic acids in plant organs and root exudates increased under Zn-deficient conditions, excessive bicarbonate, or both. An increase of organic acids in the leaves resulted in an increase of root-exuded organic acids. B. papyrifera translocated more oxalate and citrate from the roots to the rhizosphere than M. alba under the dual influence of 10 mM bicarbonate and Zn deficiency. Organic acids of leaves may be derived from dark respiration and photorespiration. By comparison, organic acids in stems, roots, and root exudates may be derived from dark respiration and organic acid translocation from the leaves. These results provide evidence for the selective adaptation of plants to environments with low Zn levels or high bicarbonate levels such as a karst ecosystem.
Residential Energy Scheduling for Variable Weather Solar Energy Based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming

The residential energy scheduling of solar energy is an important research area of smart grid. On the demand side, factors such as household loads, storage batteries, the outside public utility grid and renewable energy resources, are combined together as a nonlinear, time-varying, indefinite and complex system, which is difficult to manage or optimize. Many nations have already applied the residential real-time pricing to balance the burden on their grid. In order to enhance electricity efficiency of the residential micro grid, this paper presents an action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) method to solve the residential energy scheduling problem. The highlights of this paper are listed below. First, the weather-type classification is adopted to establish three types of programming models based on the features of the solar energy. In addition, the priorities of different energy resources are set to reduce the loss of electrical energy transmissions. Second, three ADHDP-based neural networks, which can update themselves during applications, are designed to manage the flows of electricity. Third, simulation results show that the proposed scheduling method has effectively reduced the total electricity cost and improved load balancing process. The comparison with the particle swarm optimization algorithm further proves that the present method has a promising effect on energy management to save cost.
Deeply concealed half-graben at the SW margin of the East European Craton(SE Poland) d Evidence for Neoproterozoic rifting prior to the break-up of Rodinia

Baltica was one of continents formed as a result of Rodinia break-up 850e550 Ma. It was separated from Amazonia(?) by the Tornquist Ocean, the opening of which was preceded by Neoproterozoic extension in a network of continental rifts. Some of these rifts were subsequently aborted whereas the Tornquist Rift gave rise to splitting of Rodinia and formation of the Tornquist Ocean. The results of 1-D subsidence analysis at the fossil passive margin of Baltica provided insight in the timing and kinematics of continental rifting that led to break-up of Rodinia. Rifting was associated with Neoproterozoic syn-rift subsidence accompanied by deposition of continental coarse-grained sediments and emplacement of continental basalts. Transition from a syn-rift to post-rift phase in the latest Ediacaran to earliest early Cambrian was concomitant with deposition of continental conglomerates and arkoses, laterally passing into mudstones. An extensional scenario of the break-up of Rodinia along the Tornquist Rift is based on the character of tectonic subsidence curves, evolution of syn-rift and post-rift depocenters in time, as well as geochemistry and geochronology of the syn-rift volcanics. It is additionally reinforced by the high-quality deep seismic reflection data from SE Poland, located above the SW edge of the East European Craton. The seismic data allowed for identification of a deeply buried(11e18 km), well-preserved extensional half-graben, developed in the Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement and filled with a Neoproterozoic syn-rift volcano-sedimentary succession. The results of depth-to-basement study based on integration of seismic and gravity data show the distribution of local NEeSW elongated Neoproterozoic depocenters within the SW slope of the East European Craton. Furthermore, they document the rapid south-eastwards thickness increase of the Neoproterozoic succession towards the NWeSE oriented craton margin. This provides evidence for extensive crustal thinning occurring prior to the break-up of Rodinia and formation of the Tornquist Ocean.