mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Determination of Interfacial Heat Transfer Behavior at the Metal/Shot Sleeve of High Pressure Die Casting Process of AZ91D Alloy

The interfacial heat transfer behavior at the metal/shot sleeve interface in the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process of AZ91D alloy is carefully investigated. Based on the temperature measurements along the shot sleeve, inverse method has been developed to determine the interfacial heat transfer coefficient in the shot sleeve. Under static condition, Interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) peak values are 11.9, 7.3, 8.33 kW m~(-2)K~(-1) at pouring zone (S2), middle zone (S5), and end zone (S10), respectively. During the casting process, the IHTC curve displays a second peak of 6.1 kWm~(-2)K~(-1) at middle zone during the casting process at a slow speed of 0.3 m s~(-1). Subsequently, when the high speed started, the IHTC curve reached a second peak of 12.9kWm~(-2)K~(-1) at end zone. Furthermore, under different slow casting speeds, both the calculated initial temperature (T_(IDS)) and the maximum temperature (T_(simax)) of shot sleeve surface first decrease from 0.1 m s~(-1) to 0.3 m s~(-1), but increase again from 0.3 m s~(-1) to 0.6 m s~(-1). This result agrees with the experimental results obtained in a series of "plate-shape" casting experiments under different slow speeds, which reveals that the amount of ESCs decreases to the minimum values at 0.3 m s~(-1) and increase again with the increasing casting slow speed.
经食管超声心动图检查规范解读

由中国医师协会超声医师分会组织国内超声专家编著的《超声心动图检查指南》一书是超声医师临床工作的规范性指导用书。第三章针对"经食管超声心动图"的适应证与禁忌证、术前准备、操作方法、标准切面、注意事项和并发症以及围术期应用6个方面进行了规范。该部分内容根据我国经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography, TEE)现状开展,同时结合国内外TEE专著和相关文献,旨在普及、推广、规范TEE的临床应用。
喷漆室灭火系统试验研究

搭建了全尺寸模拟喷漆室灭火试验平台,以清漆为试验燃料,分别在无障碍物和有障碍物两种情况下进行了水喷淋、泡沫和细水雾3种灭火系统的灭清漆池火试验。根据试验中测得的温度、辐射热通量和一氧化碳浓度数据,分析了各系统的灭火效果。试验结果显示,无障碍物时,3种灭火系统均能够实现灭火,水喷淋和细水雾的降温和辐射热阻隔效果要明显优于泡沫灭火系统,细水雾灭火系统的洗消烟气效果则明显优于其他二者;有障碍物时,3种灭火系统只能实现抑火,不能灭火,3种灭火系统的降温和辐射热阻隔效果相似,细水雾灭火系统的洗消烟气效果同样明显优于其他二者。细水雾灭火系统的整体灭火效果更好,更适合在喷漆室场所使用。
给水管网新增压力监测点优化布置方法

供水管网系统中的压力监测点能够实时读取压力数据,广泛用于管网的水力模型校核及运行状况监控。在供水管网系统原有压力监测点的基础上,在什么位置选择以及选择多少个新增压力监测点是供水企业最关心的问题。提出了一种给水管网新增压力监测点优化布置方法并用于实际供水管网系统,结果表明,与人工经验方法相比,该方法能够更科学合理地选择压力监测点数量及位置。
Effect of lanthanum on recrystallization behavior of non-oriented silicon steel

Non-oriented silicon steels containing different mass fractions of lanthanum were prepared using a high-frequency suspended furnace. Microstructures were observed by a metallographic microscope and micro-orientations were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that at the annealing temperature of 870 oC, recrystallization started at 90 s and completed at 120 s during annealing. Without lanthanum, no matter Cube or {111}<110> grains, recrystallized grains nucleated mainly in deformed {111}<110> and {113}<031> grains. With lanthanum, however, they nucleated in the deformed {110} and {112}<132> grains. This indicated that addition of lanthanum changed the micro-orientation relationship between new grains and the matrix.
A new and efficient method for the synthesis of rocuronium bromide

Rocuronium bromide has been used as an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker and muscle relaxant. In this work, a new and efficient route for preparing a key intermediate 2β-(4- morpholinyl)-16β-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5α-androstan-3α,17β-diol (6)was developed through a ring-opening of epoxide followed by introducing and pyrrolidine. Compound 6 can easily provide rocuronium bromide and the overall yield of compound 6 in 5 steps increased to 57.8%, which was higher than currently reported methods. Extraordinarily, this method would avoid the generation of disubstituted impurities E and F which are difficult to remove.
Two novel phase transition materials based on 1-isopropyl-1,4- diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium

Two novel phase transition materials, [C_9H_(20)N_2][Na(BF_4)_3] (1) and [C_9H_(20)N_2][(PF_6)_2] (2), were synthesized based on 1-isopropyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium with sodium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphoric acid, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements detected that 1 and 2 underwent reversible phase transitions, which were confirmed by dielectric measurements. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data suggested that compound 1 changed from a high temperature phase with a space group of P6_3 to a low temperature one with a space group of P2_1/c, and that compound 2 transformed from the space group of Pbca at room temperature to P2_1/c at low temperature. Formation of hydrogen bonds and distortion of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane rings may drive the transitions.
SnS_2/graphene nanocomposite: A high rate anode material for lithium ion battery

In this work, via a facile solvothermal route, we synthesized an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs)-SnS_2 nanoparticle/graphene (SnS_2 NP/GNs) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite consists of SnS_2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4 nm and graphene nanosheets without restacking. The SnS_2 nanoparticles are firmly anchored on the graphene nanosheets. As an anode material for LIBs, the nanocomposite exhibits good Li storage performance especially high rate performance. At the high current rate of 5,10, and 20 A/g, the nanocomposite delivered high capacities of 525, 443, and 378 mAh/g,respectively. The good conductivity of the graphene nanosheets and the small particle size of SnS_2 contribute to the electrochemical performance of SnS_2 NP/GNs.
Optimization of polyacrylonitrile-cysteine resin synthesis and its selective removal of Cu(II) in aqueous solutions

Polyacrylonitrile beads (PAN) cysteine (CS) was synthesized from polyacrylonitrile beads (PAN) and cysteine (CS). The content of the functional group and the percentage conversion of the functional group of PAN-CS prepared under the optimum condition using response surface methodology (RSM) for the first attempt were 3.22 mmol/g and 35.78%. The structure was characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The adsorption properties of the resin for Cu(II) were investigated by batch and column experiments. Batch adsorption results suggested that PAN-CS had higher adsorption capability for Cu(II) than other metal ions and maximum saturated adsorption capacity was 184.7 mg/g. The resin and its metal complexes were studied by FT-IR. Furthermore, the resin can be eluted easily using 1 mol/L HCl. PAN-CS can provide a potential application for selective removal of copper from waste solution.
Novel organic dye sensitizers containing fluorenyl and biphenyl moieties for solar cells

Three novel triarylamine dyes (AFL1-AFL3) containing fluorenyl and the biphenyl moieties have been designed and synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The light-harvesting capabilities and photovoltaic performance of these dyes were investigated systematically through comparison of different π-bridges. The dye with a furan linker exhibited a higher open-circuit voltage (V_(OC)) and monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) compared to thiophene and benzene linker. Thus, AFL3 containing a furan linker exhibited the maximum overall conversion efficiency of 5.81% (V_(OC) = 760 mV, J_(SC) = 11.36 mA cm~(-2) and ff = 0.68) under standard global AM 1.5 G solar condition.
A nanoporous nitrogen-doped graphene for high performance lithium sulfur batteries

A nanoporous N-doped reduced graphene oxide (p-N-rGO)was prepared through carbothermal reaction between graphene oxide and ammonium-containing oxometalates as sulfur host for Li-S batteries. The p-N-rGO sheets have abundant nanopores with diameters of 10-40nmand the nitrogen content is 2.65 at %. When used as sulfur cathode, the obtained p-N-rGO/S composite has a high reversible capacity of 1110mAhg~(-1) at 1C rate and stable cycling performance with 781.8mAhg~(-1) retained after 110 cycles,much better than those of the rGO/S composite. The enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the rational combination of nanopores and N-doping, which provide efficient contact andwetting with the electrolyte, accommodate volume expansion and immobilize polysulfides during cycling.
Scrupulous recognition of biologically important acids by fluorescent ‘‘turn off-on'' mechanism of thaicalix reduced silver nanoparticles

Water dispersible silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were prepared using thiacalix[4]arene tetrahydrazide (TCTH) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. TCTH-AgNps were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Relatively uniform 20 nm spherical particles of TCTH-AgNps were efficiently formed over a pH range of 5-9 and from 10-40 8C. The interaction behavior of TCTH-AgNps with different amino acids was investigated using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry. Among the amino acids tested, only tryptophan and histidine showed fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement, respectively. The linear detection range by Stern-Volmer plot was 5 nmol/L to 0.48 mmol/L for tryptophan and 4 nmol/L to 0.54 mmol/L for histidine. TCTH-AgNps were able to effectively reduce the levels of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. These properties argue for the potential use of TCTH-AgNps as detectors of histidine and tryptophan and as antibiotics.
Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of novel naphthyridinone derivatives

A series of naphthyridinone derivatives based on 1a (a precursor of Voreloxin) were designed and synthesized. Seven compounds having >70% inhibition against HL60 at 30 μmol/L were further evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity by SRB assay. Results reveal that thiazol-2-yl and 3- aminomethyl-4-benzyloxyimino-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl groups are optimal at the N-1 and C-7 positions of naphthyridinone core, respectively. 10j exhibits broad-spectrum activity (IC_(50): <0.5- 6.25 μmol/L) against all of the tested cell lines including Etoposide- and/or 1a-resistant ones, and is 1.3- fold to >100-fold more potent than the two references against eight of these cell lines.
Synthesis of Co-Ni oxide microflowers as a superior anode for hybrid supercapacitors with ultralong cycle life

Li-ion hybrid capacitors (LIHCs), composing of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) type anode and a supercapacitor (SC) type cathode, gained worldwide popularity due to harmonious integrating the virtues of high energy density of LIBs with high power density of SCs. Herein, nanoflakes composed microflower-like Co-Ni oxide (CoNiO) was successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. The atomic ratio of as-synthesized CoNiO is determined to be 1:3 through XRD and XPS analytical method. As a typical battery-type material, CoNiO and capacitor-type activated polyanilinederived carbon (APDC) were used to assemble LIHCs as the anode and cathode materials, respectively. As a result, when an optimized mass ratio of CoNiO and APDC was 1:2, CoNiO//APDC LIHC could deliver a maximum energy density of 143 Wh kg~(-1) at a working voltage of 1-4 V. It is worth mentioning that the LIHC also exhibits excellent cycle stability with the capacitance retention of~78.2% after 15,000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g~(-1).
电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定血液中14种微量元素

微量元素在人体中的含量及代谢与人体健康有着密切的关系。当人们体内进行各种生理活动或者参加外界运动时,微量元素将起到不同的功效,摄入的量过多、不足或不平衡都会不同程度地引起人体生理的异常或疾病的发生。在患者未出现临床症状之前,在血液、尿液、活体组织(如毛发、指甲等)中可发现一些微量元素及代谢衍生物的变化。目前一些医疗机构通过检测头发或者血液中的微量元素,来判断受检者体内微量元素含量是否正常。
电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定多金属矿石中的铌

含铌多金属矿床是一个多金属综合矿床,含有丰富的铌资源。由于铌含量高,基体复杂,对于这种多金属矿中铌的测定还没有成熟的标准方法。目前电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)已经用于地质样品中铌的测定。上述方法用酸溶或者碱熔分析样品,不仅需要特殊的熔矿设备,而且分析流程长、劳动强度大、成本高。另外,由于铌属于难溶物质,所以溶出率低而导致结果偏低。为了避免上述结果,文献[13-17]采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRFS)对矿物进行分析,但是此法需要制备一系列标准样品且分析周期长。
基于功能性磁共振成像评价针刺对缺血性脑卒中运动功能障碍中枢作用机制的研究进展

针灸作为一种补充或替代治疗,受到世界各国越来越多的关注和普遍应用。世界针灸学会联合会的最新调查显示,中医针灸已在全世界183个国家应用。WHO面向全世界推荐了64种针灸适应证。
紊流扰动对水华鱼腥藻细胞生理的影响

三峡水库成库以来,支流回水区频繁出现水华现象,成为近10年来我国水库生态学领域研究热点。水流条件是水华形成的主要诱导因素之一,合适的流速条件能给藻类生长营造有利的外部环境。温度、光照和营养盐是影响藻类生长的重要环境因子,在自然水体中随着深度的变化而变化。普遍认为,紊流扰动通过改变藻类在水体中的相对位置和分布,从而改变藻类生长的环境因子,间接影响藻类生长。已有研究表明,紊流扰动不仅间接影响藻类在水体中的相对位置,且对藻类生理有直接影响。水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flosaquae)是典型的有害水华藻种,易在氮相对匮乏、磷相对丰足的水体中形成优势,在大量湖泊、水库中均有发现。其生长总体受磷限制,生长速率与无机态磷吸收显著相关。
Surveys in Areas of High Risk of Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Excess in China, 2012-2014: Current Status and Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Iodine Concentration and Goiter Prevalence in Children Aged 8-10 Years

Objective We aimed to evaluate goiter prevalence and iodine nutritional status in areas with high levels of water iodine; to monitor the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in areas at high risk of IDD; and to compare the prevalence of goiter and urine iodine (UI) concentrations between children living in the two areas. Methods Based on surveillance from 2012-2014, we analyzed the concentration of UI and prevalence of goiter in 8-10-year-old children from 12 high-risk IDD provinces, and from 8 provinces and municipalities with excessive water iodine. We calculated goiter prevalence for each UI level according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and constructed predictive prevalence curves. Results The goiter prevalence and median UI of children from areas with high water iodine were not optimal, being above the WHO standards (5% and 100-199 μg/L, respectively), whereas those in high-risk areas fell within the standard. UI and goiter prevalence exhibited a U-shaped relationship in high-risk endemic areas and a parabolic relationship in areas of iodine excess. Conclusion Iodine surplus in high-iodine areas leads to high goiter prevalence and UI. However, in high-risk areas, UI was optimal and goiter prevalence met the national criteria for IDD elimination.
Multiple Polypoid Colonic Metastases from Primary Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

To the Editor: Gastric carcinoma is a common gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy while signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a well-known poorly differentiated histological type that has a strong tendency for metastasis. The dissemination of gastric carcinoma mainly presents in three patterns. The most common approach for metastasis is through the regional lymph node. Hematogenous spread is also very common and mostly occurs in the liver, lungs, bones, and adrenal gland. In addition, direct adjacent invasion, peritoneal seeding, and Krukenberg tumor are less seen but are also very important in clinic with poor prognosis. In this report, we present a case of rare colonic metastases in the form of multiple polyps from primary gastric SRCC.
穿戴保暖护具辅助治疗肩周炎的疗效观察

肩周炎患者以肩关节疼痛及活动不便为主要症状,是中、老年人群常见、多发病之一。中医称之为“冻结肩”、“漏肩风”、 “肩痹”等,该症多发生于50岁左右人群,女性患者多于男性,患者临床表现复杂、病程较长、治疗见效慢。目前临床针对肩周炎患者的治疗手段包括理疗、针灸、推拿、粘连松解、关节肌肉注射等,但疗效均不甚满意。本研究联合采用推拿、超短波及穿戴保暖护具治疗肩周炎患者,发现临床疗效满意。现报道如下。
超声引导下经上盏入路经皮肾镜治疗鹿角形肾结石疗效分析

目的评价超声引导下经上盏入路经皮肾镜治疗鹿角形肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年8月至2016年8月我院在超声引导下经上盏入路经皮肾镜治疗鹿角形结石357例患者的临床资料。统计分析患者手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等临床资料。结果所有患者均一期成功建立经皮肾镜通道并碎石。手术时间65~136 min,平均(85± 15) min;一期结石清除率83.4%(298/357),二期结石清除率87. l%(311/357);术后高热15例(4.2%),其中感染性休克2例(0.5%);术后需输血治疗8例(2.2%),其中3例超选择性肾动脉造影栓塞止血(0.8%);术后出现液气胸患者17例(4.7%),需行胸腔穿刺抽液或留置胸腔闭式引流患者3例(0.8%),无胸腹腔脏器损伤、肾盂穿孔、肾脏丢失等严重并发症,总体并发症率5.3%(19/357)。术后住院时间6~ 20 d,平均(7.2士3.5)d。结论超声引导下经上盏入路经皮肾镜治疗鹿角形肾结石清石率高,且并发症较低。
Comparison of microstructure and property of high chromium bearing steel with and without nitrogen addition

Microstructure and property of bearing steel with and without nitrogen addition were investigated by microstructural observation and hardness measurement after different heat treatment processing. Based on the microstructural observation of both 9Cr18 steel and X90N steel, it was found that nitrogen addition could effectively reduce the amount and size of coarse carbides and also refine the original austenite grain size. Due to addition of nitrogen, more austenite phase was found in X90N steel than in 9Cr18 steel. The retained austenite of X90N steel after quenching at 1050°C could be reduced from about 60% to about 7% by cold treatment at -73°C and subsequent tempering, and thus finally increased the hardness up to 60 HRC after low temperature tempering and to 63 HRC after high temperature tempering. Furthermore, both the wear and corrosion resistance of X90N steel were found much more superior than those of 9Cr18 steel, which was attributed to the addition of nitrogen. It was proposed at last that nitrogen alloying into the high chromium bearing steel was a promising way not only to refine the size of both carbides and austenite, but also to achieve high hardness, high wear property and improved corrosion resistance of the stainless bearing steel.
Effects of embedding direct reduction followed by magnetic separation on recovering titanium and iron of beach titanomagnetite concentrate

Embedding direct reduction followed by magnetic separation was conducted to fully recover iron and titanium separately from beach titanomagnetite (TTM). The influences of reduction conditions, such as molar ratio of C to Fe, reduction time, and reduction temperature, were studied. The results showed that the TTM concentrate was reduced to iron and iron-titanium oxides, depending on the reduction time, and the reduction sequence at 1200°C was suggested as follows: Fe_(2.75)Ti_(0.25)O_4→Fe_2TiO_4→FeTiO_3→FeTi_2O_5. The reduction temperature played a considerable role in the reduction of TTM concentrates. Increasing temperature from 1100 to 1200°C was beneficial to recovering titanium and iron, whereas the results deteriorated as temperature increased further. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that low temperature (≤1100°C) was unfavorable for the gasification of reductant, resulting in insufficient reducing atmosphere in the reduction process. The molten phase was formed at high temperatures of 1250-1300°C, which accelerated the migration rate of metallic particles and suppressed the diffusion of reduction gas, resulting in poor reduction. The optimum conditions for reducing TTM concentrate are as follows: molar ratio of C to Fe of 1.68, reduction time of 150 min, and reduction temperature of 1200°C. Under these conditions, direct reduction iron powder, assaying 90.28 mass% TFe and 1.73 mass% TiO_2 with iron recovery of 90.85%, and titanium concentrate, assaying 46.24 mass% TiO_2 with TiO_2 recovery of 91.15%, were obtained.
Negative Refraction Index Manipulated by a Displaced Squeezed Fock State in the Mesoscopic Dissipative Left-Handed Transmission Line

Negative refractive index (NRI) of the mesoscopic dissipative left-handed transmission line (LHTL) is manipulated by the displaced squeezed Fock state and the dissipation presented by the resistance and conductance. Compared with the classical LHTL, some novel characteristics of NRI are shown in the LHTL because of the quantum effect, which will be significant for its miniaturization application in microwave frequency.
A CMOS Compatible MEMS Pirani Vacuum Gauge with Monocrystal Silicon Heaters and Heat Sinks

We present a micro-Pirani vacuum gauge using the low-resistivity monocrystal silicon as the heaters and heat sinks fabricated by the post complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process. The metal interconnection of the device is fabricated by a 0.5 μm standard CMOS process on 8-inch silicon wafer. Then,a SiO_2—Si low- temper at ure fusion bonding is developed to bond the CMOS wafer and the MEMS wafer, with the electrical connection realized by the tungsten through silicon via process. Waferlevel AlGe eutectic bonding is adopted to package the Pirani gauge in a non-hermetic cavity to protect the gauge from being damaged or contaminated in the dicing and assembling process, and to make it suitable for actual applications. To increase the accuracy of the test and restrain negative influence of temperature drift,the Wheatstone bridge structure is introduced. The test results show that before capping, the gauge has an average sensitivity of 1.04 × 10~4 K·W~(-1)Torr~(-1) in dynamic range of 0.01-20 Torr. After capping, the sensitivity of the gauge does not decrease but increases to 1.12 × 10~4 K·W~(-1)Torr~(-1).
TiO_2-Loaded WO_3 Composite Films for Enhancement of Photocurrent Density

Titanium dioxide (TiO_2) loaded tungsten trioxide (WO_3) composite films are prepared by an E-beam vapor system. Associated with the existence of a heterojunction at the interface of T1O_2 and WO_3, the prepared TiO_2-WO_3 composite film shows enhanced photocurrent density, four times than the pure WO_3 film illuminated under xenon lamp, and higher incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency. By varying the initial TiO_2 film thickness, such composite structures could be optimized to obtain the highest photocurrent density. We believe that thin TiO_2 films improve the light response and increase the surface roughness of WO_3 films. Furthermore, the existence of the heteroj unction results in the efficient charge carriers' separation,transfer process, and a lower recombination of electron-hole pairs, which is beneficial for the enhancement of photocurrent density.
True Random Number Generator Realized by Extracting Entropy from a Negative-Inductance Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

A new type of superconductive true random number generator (TRNG) based on a negative-inductance superconducting quantum interference device (nSQUID) is proposed. The entropy harnessed to generate random numbers comes from the phenomenon of symmetry breaking in the nSQUID. The experimental circuit is fabricated by the Nb-based lift-off process. Low- temperat ure tests of the circuit verify the basic function of the proposed TRNG. The frequency characteristics of the TRNG have been analyzed by simulation. The generation rate of random numbers is expected to achieve hundreds of megahertz to tens of gigahertz.
Band Gap Adjustment of SiC Honeycomb Structure through Hydrogenation and Fluorination

Previous calculations show that the two-dimensional (2D) silicon carbide (SiC) honeycomb structure is a structurally stable monolayer. Following this, we investigate the electronic properties of the hydrogen and fluorine functionalized SiC monolayer by first-principles calculations. Our results show that the functionalized monolayer becomes metallic after semi-hydrogenation or semi-fluorination, while the semiconducting properties are obtained by the full functionalization. Compared with the bare SiC monolayer, the band gap of the fully hydrogenated system is increased, in comparison with the decrease of the gap in the fully fluorinated case. As a result, the band gap can be tuned from 0.73 to 4.14eV by the functionalization. In addition to the metal-semiconductor transition, hydrogenation and functionalization also realize a direct-indirect semiconducting transition in the 2D SiC monolayer. These results provide theoretical guidance for design of photoelectric devices based on the SiC monolayer.
Imaging Laser wake fields by Thomson Scattering a Co-Propagating Pulse

Thomson scattering imaging (TSI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to observe the fine structure of the laser wake field. By Thomson scattering a co-propagating laser pulse, we obtain clear images indicating that the wake field is like an acaleph swimming behind the pump laser. The wavelength of the wake field observed at different electron densities agrees well with the theory. Since no mathematics transformation is involved, TSI could be potentially used as an online monitor for future ‘tabletop' plasma accelerators.