mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of Zr/Mo addition on He bubble formation in Y_2O_3-added Walloys

To improve the mechanical properties of the Y_2O_3- added W alloy, Mo and Zr were independently added to a sample of W-Y_2O_3. In this study, the effects of minor additions of elemental Mo and Zr on He bubble formation in the Y_2O_3 added W alloys were investigated at 773 K, 973 K, and 1173 K, where the maximum irradiation fluence of the samples using 5 keV He ions was 1.8 × 10~(21) He m~(-2). He bubbles were observed at all temperatures for both alloys; however, the irradiation fluences at which He bubbles could be observed differed at each temperature. With increase in irradiation temperature, the He irradiation fluence for which the formation of He bubbles could be observed decreased. At the relatively low temperature of 773 K, the void swelling in the W-Mo-Y_2O_3 and W-Zr-Y_2O_3 alloys was slightly lower than that of W-Y_2O_3 alloy. However, at high temperature of 973 K and 1173 K, the He irradiation resistances of both W-Mo-Y_2O_3 and W-Zr-Y_2O_3 were worse than that of W-Y_2O_3. The addition of Zr enhanced the interaction between vacancies and He, enhancing the formation of He bubbles. However, the addition of Mo coarsened the Y_2O_3 particles, reducing the suppression of vacancy cluster formation due to the dispersion of Y_2O_3 particles. It is, therefore, necessary to fully consider mechanical properties and T-retention in addition to the irradiation resistance of He to select an alloy as the plasma-facing material for fusion applications.
Neutron transmission imaging with a portable D-T neutron generator

Purpose A portable fast-neutron imaging system is being developed to provide complementary information to field Xray imaging. Applications include inspection of vehicles and infrastructure for corrosion, measurement of material levels in containers, and inspection of munitions and suspicious packages. While fast-neuron imaging generally provides lower imaging resolution compared to X-rays, fast-neutron interaction cross-sections have a weak dependence on material Z. This enables imaging of low-Z materials inside high-Z materials. Here, we discuss the limitations and current improvements in fast-neuron imaging. Methods Limitations in portable fast-neutron imaging systems include low D-T neutron generator output, low light production in ZnS(Cu) imaging scintillators, low resolution due to scintillator thickness and D-T spot size, and digital-panel darknoise that varies in time and position and that can be 100× larger than the neutron signal. We have made improvements in these areas through development of a segmented high light yield scintillator, panel noise mitigation techniques, and testing of new high-output, small spot size D-T neutron generators. Results The segmented high light yield fast-neutron scintillator demonstrated 5× increase in light compared to ZnS(Cu). An additional 2× improvement in signal-to-noise was demonstrated with panel-noise mitigation techniques. Our MCNP calculations also show good agreement with neutron imaging results Conclusions We have demonstrated improvements in fast-neutron imaging through development of a segmented high light yield neutron scintillator, mitigation of digital panel noise, and preliminary testing with new high-output, small spot size D-T neutron generators. We have also demonstrated good results modeling fast-neutron images and scatter effects using MCNP.
RF design and test of a high-directivity high-power waveguide directional coupler for the HEPS

Purpose A novel high-directivity high-power waveguide directional coupler (DC) working at 2998.8 MHz is developed for the High Energy Photon Source. It can help the phase control system to obtain a very accurate microwave signal, which is very important to minimize the beam emittance. Methods The novel reversely placed T-type coupling piece helps to obtain a high directivity. The N-type high-vacuum feedthroughs for vacuum sealing instead of the traditional ceramic plate is beneficial to holding a higher peak power. The simulation and the high-power commissioning are accomplished in the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), while the fabrication and the low-power test are conducted in cooperation with the manufacturer. Results Both the single-coupler and the dual-coupler DCs are developed with a directivity of more than 35 dB while keeping the coupling factor within 60±0.5 dB. Finally, 69.4 % of all the fifty-two mass produced DCs have got a directivity of more than 40 dB. Conclusion: The mature manufacturing process for mass production is obtained. The novel high-directivity high-power waveguide DC can be mass produced with an actually internationally leading performance.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for edge information sharing in vehicular networks

To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services, it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) links. This paper investigates the reduction of the delay in edge information sharing for V2V links while satisfying the delay requirements of the V2I links. Specifically, a mean delay minimization problem and a maximum individual delay minimization problem are formulated to improve the global network performance and ensure the fairness of a single user, respectively. A multi-agent reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve these two problems, where a new reward function is proposed to evaluate the utilities of the two optimization objectives in a unified framework. Thereafter, a proximal policy optimization approach is proposed to enable each V2V user to learn its policy using the shared global network reward. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by comparing the obtained results with those of the other baseline approaches through extensive simulation experiments.
Improving long-term temperature bias stability of an integrated optical gyroscope employing a Si_3N_4 resonator

The presence of polarization noise generated by the waveguide resonator limits the performance of a resonant integrated optical gyroscope (RIOG). Using silicon nitride (Si_3N_4) to fabricate a waveguide with an ultralowaspect- ratio can result in a resonator that only supports light transmission in a single-polarization state, suppressing polarization noise. We successfully fabricated a Si_3N_4 resonator with a bending radius of 17.5 mm, a finesse (F) of 150, a quality factor (Q) of 1.54 × 10~7, and a propagation loss of 1.2 dB/m. The Si_3N_4 resonator was used to construct a double closed-loop RIOG that showed long-term bias stability (3600 s) of 13.2°/h at room temperature, 14.8°/h at 40°C, 21.2°/h at 50°C, and 23.6°/h at 60°C. We believe this to be the best performance reported to date for a Si_3N_4 resonator-based RIOG. This advancement paves the way for the wider application of RIOGs.
Engineering and characterization of dehalogenase enzymes from Delftia acidovorans in bioremediation of perfluorinated compounds

Per-and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a broad class of synthetic compounds that have fluorine substituted for hydrogen in several or all locations and are globally categorized as PFCs (perfluorochemicals; commonly called fluorinated chemicals). These compounds have unique chemical and physical properties that enable their use in non-stick surfaces, fire-fighting efforts, and as slick coatings. However, recent concerns over the health effects of such compounds, specifically perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOA, PFOS; PFOA/S), have led to increased attention and research by the global community into degradation methods. In this study, soil samples from PFAS-contamination sites were cultured and screened for microbes with PFOA/S degradation potential, which led to the identification of Delftia acidovorans. It was found that D. acidovorans isolated from PFAS-contaminated soils was capable of growth in minimal media with PFOA as a sole carbon resource, and an observable fluoride concentration increase was observed when cells were exposed to PFOA. This suggests potential activity of a dehalogenase enzyme that may be of use in PFOA or PFAS microbial remediation efforts. Several associated haloacid dehalogenases have been identified in the D. acidovorans genome and have been engineered for expression in Escherichia coli for rapid production and purification. These enzymes have shown potential for enzymatic defluorination, a significant step in biological degradation and removal of PFOA/S from the environment. We hypothesize that bioremediation of PFAS using naturally occurring microbial degradation pathways may represent a novel approach to remove PFAS contamination.
Rapid Evaluation and Response to Impacts on Critical End-Use Loads Following Natural Hazard-Driven Power Outages:A Modular and Responsive Geospatial Technology

The disparate nature of data for electric power utilities complicates the emergency recovery and response process.The reduced efficiency of response to natural hazards and disasters can extend the time that electrical service is not available for critical end-use loads,and in extreme events,leave the public without power for extended periods.This article presents a methodology for the development of a semantic data model for power systems and the integration of electrical grid topology,population,and electric distribution line reliability indices into a unified,cloud-based,serverless framework that supports power system operations in response to extreme events.An iterative and pragmatic approach to working with large and disparate datasets of different formats and types resulted in improved application runtime and efficiency,which is important to consider in real time decision-making processes during hurricanes and similar catastrophic events.This technology was developed initially for Puerto Rico,following extreme hurricane and earthquake events in 2017 and 2020,but is applicable to utilities around the world.Given the highly abstract and modular design approach,this technology is equally applicable to any geographic region and similar natural hazard events.In addition to a review of the requirements,development,and deployment of this framework,technical aspects related to application performance and response time are highlighted.
High repetition rate exploration of the Biermann battery effect in laser produced plasmas over large spatial regions

In this paper we present a high repetition rate experimental platform for examining the spatial structure and evolution of Biermann-generated magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas.We have extended the work of prior experiments,which spanned over millimeter scales,by spatially measuring magnetic fields in multiple planes on centimeter scales over thousands of laser shots.Measurements with magnetic fiux probes show azimuthally symmetric magnetic fields that range from 60 G at 0.7 cm from the target to 7 G at 4.2 cm from the target.The expansion rate of the magnetic fields and evolution of current density structures are also mapped and examined.Electron temperature and density of the laser-produced plasma are measured with optical Thomson scattering and used to directly calculate a magnetic Reynolds number of 1.4×10~4,confirming that magnetic advection is dominant at ≥ 1.5 cm from the target surface.The results are compared to FLASH simulations,which show qualitative agreement with the data.
Triple test cross analysis for seed yield and its components in sesame under water stress conditions

Water deficit is a limiting factor in sesame cultivars yield, thus identification of genetic mechanisms of sesame traits under water stress conditions is essential to development of water stress tolerant genotypes. Hence, the triple test cross (TTC) analysis in F2 population of the sesame cross (NA_(76) × NA_(54)) was used. Since, 30 TTC families with their 13 respective parents were evaluated during the summer season 2020 under two irrigation treatments. i.e., normal irrigation with 5952.38 m~3 hm~(-2) of applied water, and water stress with 2976.19 m~3 hm~(-2) of applied water. This was implemented at the experimental field of Kafr El Hamam/Sharkia, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Additive (D) and dominance (H) gene actions as well as epistatic and its two components of additive × additive, additive × dominance plus dominance × dominance were involved in the inheritance of all studied traits under both irrigation treatments and their combined analysis. The degree of dominance (H/D)~(0.5) verified the presence of partial dominance in most cases. The correlation coefficient between sums (additive) and differences (dominance) was non-significant, showing that dominant genes between lines were ambidirectional. The moderately water stress tolerant TTC families as the best selected families were found in families 22, 25, 10, 12, and 15. Therefore, postponing selection in these selected families to later segregating generations for all studied traits would be effective to exploit the positive effects of additive × additive epistasis.
The generation and evolution of the Archean continental crust:The granitoid story in southeastern Brazil

The Archean Eon was a time of geodynamic changes.Direct evidence of these transitions come from igneous/metaigneous rocks,which dominate cratonic segments worldwide.New data for granitoids from an Archean basement inlier related to the Southern Sao Francisco Craton (SSFC),are integrated with geochronological,isotopic and geochemical data on Archean granitoids from the SSFC.The rocks are divided into three main geochemical groups with different ages:(1) TTG (3.02-2.77 Ga);(2) mediumto high-K granitoids (2.85-2.72 Ga);and (3) A-type granites (2.7-2.6 Ga).The juvenile to chondritic (Hf-Nd isotopes) TTG were divided into two sub-groups,TTG 1 (low-HREE) and 2 (high-HREE),derived from partial melting of metamafic rocks similar to those from adjacent greenstone belts.The compositional diversity within the TTG is attributed to different pressures during partial melting,supported by a positive correlation of Dy/Yb and Sr/Zr,and batch melting calculations.The proposed TTG sources are geochemically similar to basaltic rocks from modern island-arcs,indicating the presence of subduction processes concomitant with TTG emplacement.From ~2.85 Ga to 2.70 Ga,the dominant rocks were K-rich granitoids.These are modeled as crustal melts of TTG,during regional metamorphism indicative of crustal thickening.Their compositional diversity is linked to:(i) differences in source composition;(ii) distinct melt fractions during partial melting;and (iii) different residual mineralogies reflecting varying P-T conditions.Post-collisional (~2.7-2.6 Ga) A-type granites reflect rifting in that they were closely followed by extension-related dyke swarms,and they are interpreted as differentiation or partial melting products of magmas derived from subduction-modified mantle.The sequence of granitoid emplacement indicates subduction-related magmatism was followed by crustal thickening,regional metamorphism and crustal melting,and post-collisional extension,similar to that seen in younger Wilson Cycles.It is compelling evidence that plate tectonics was active in this segment of Brazil from ~3 Ga.
ReLFA: Resist Link Flooding Attacks via Renyi Entropy and Deep Reinforcement Learning in SDN-IoT

Link flooding attack (LFA) is a fresh distributed denial of service attack (DDoS). Attackers can cut off the critical links, making the services in the target area unavailable. LFA manipulates legal lowspeed flow to flood critical links, so traditional technologies are difficult to resist such attack. Meanwhile, LFA is also one of the most important threats to Internet of things (IoT) devices. The introduction of software defined network (SDN) effectively solves the security problem of the IoT. Aiming at the LFA in the software defined Internet of things (SDN-IoT), this paper proposes a new LFA mitigation scheme ReLFA. Renyi entropy is to locate the congested link in the data plane in our scheme, and determines the target links according to the alarm threshold. When LFA is detected on the target links, the control plane uses the method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to carry out traffic engineering. Simulation results show that ReLFA can effectively alleviate the impact of LFA in SDN IoT. In addition, the rerouting time of ReLFA is superior to other latest schemes.
Computer-Assisted Real-Time Rice Variety Learning Using Deep Learning Network

Due to the inconsistency of rice variety, agricultural industry faces an important challenge of rice grading and classification by the traditional grading system. The existing grading system is manual, which introduces stress and strain to humans due to visual inspection. Automated rice grading system development has been proposed as a promising research area in computer vision. In this study, an accurate deep learning-based non-contact and cost-effective rice grading system was developed by rice appearance and characteristics. The proposed system provided real-time processing by using a NI-myRIO with a high-resolution camera and user interface. We firstly trained the network by a rice public dataset to extract rice discriminative features. Secondly, by using transfer learning, the pre-trained network was used to locate the region by extracting a feature map. The proposed deep learning model was tested using two public standard datasets and a prototype real-time scanning system. Using AlexNet architecture, we obtained an average accuracy of 98.2% with 97.6% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. To validate the real-time performance of proposed rice grading classification system, various performance indices were calculated and compared with the existing classifier. Both simulation and real-time experiment evaluations confirmed the robustness and reliability of the proposed rice grading system.
Inverse synthetic aperture radar range profile compensation of plasma-sheathenveloped reentry object

The scattering points in a plasma sheath characterized with coupled velocities can cause pulse compression mismatching, which results in displacement and energy diffusion in the onedimension range profile. To solve this problem, we deduce the echo model of the plasma-sheathenveloped reentry object. By estimating the coupled velocities, we propose a compensation method to correct the defocus of an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image in range dimension to improve the quality of the ISAR images. The simulation results suggest that the echoes from different regions of the surface of the reentry object have various coupling velocities, and the higher the coupled velocity, the more serious the displacement and energy diffusion in the range dimension. Our proposed method can correct the range dimension aberration. Two measurement metrics were used to evaluate the improvement of the compensation method.
Photoexcited carrier dynamics in a GaAs photoconductive switch under nJ excitation

In this article, the bunched transport of photoexcited carriers in a GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) with interdigitated electrodes is investigated under femtosecond laser excitation. Continuous outputs featuring high gain are obtained for single shots and at 1 kHz by varying the optical excitation energy. An ensemble three-valley Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to investigate the transient characteristics and the dynamic process of photoexcited carriers. It demonstrates that the presence of a plasma channel can be attributed to the bunching of high-density electron-hole pairs, which are transported in the form of a highdensity filamentary current. The results provide a picture of the evolution of photoexcited carriers during transient switching. A photoinduced heat effect is analyzed, which reveals the related failure mechanism of GaAs PCSS at various repetition rates.
A passive current sensor employing self-biased magnetoelectric transducer and high-permeability nanocrystalline flux concentrator

A passive current sensor, consisting of SmFe2/PZT/SmFe_2 self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) composite and Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 nanocrystalline flux concentrator for weak current detection at power-line frequency, was fabricated and characterized. Giant magnetostrictive material of SmFe2 plate with large anisotropic constant provides a huge internal anisotropic field to bias the ME transducer in closed magnetic loop. Consequently, the additional magnetomotive force induced by the internal field and the corresponding increased effective permeability contribute to the improvement of the sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented sensor has a higher sensitivity of 152 mV·A~(-1) at 50 Hz with a slight nonlinearity of ~0.01 % full scale (FS) and matches well with the predicted value. This presented currentsensing device exhibits approximately 2.3 times higher sensitivity than that of conventional ME composite with [Pb(Zr_(0.48),Ti_(0.52))O_3] (PZT) and Terfenol-D plates serving as a key sensitive component. In addition, time stabilities of the presented sensor were evaluated for a long period of 72 h and analyzed through mathematical statistics method, and favorable stabilities with an uncertainty of 0.5 μV are obtained in continuous 1 h testing. These results provide a significant advancement toward promising application of the tri-layer self-biased ME laminate for power-line electric cords monitoring.
Generation and manipulation of skyrmions and other topological spin structures with rare metals

Skyrmions are nano-scale quasi-particles with topological protection, which have potential applications in next-generation spintronics-based information storage. Numerous papers have been published to review various aspects of skyrmions, including physics, materials and applications. However, no review paper has focused on rare metals which play important roles in nucleating and manipulating skyrmions and other topological states. In this paper, various roles of rare metals have been classified and summarized, which can tune Curie temperature (TC), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya- Yosida (RKKY) interaction and four-spin interaction so as to trigger the generation of skyrmions and other topological spin structures. The materials covered include typical B20 crystals, various layered systems with interfacial DMI, frustrated materials, antiferromagnets, ferrimagnets, twodimensional (2D) materials, etc. In addition, the rare-earth (RE) permanent magnets can provide an energy barrier and enrich the dynamic behaviors of skyrmions, which has also been reviewed.
Influence on the Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow from Cross-Section Area of Slurry Pumps for Deep-Sea Mining

To explore the mechanism of solid-liquid two-phase flow in deep-sea mining pumps, this paper investigates the influences of the impeller cross-section area on the multi-phase flow in the slurry pump. Experimental and numerical results are presented for two-phase flow in four impellers with different cross-section areas. They show that the degree of vortex strength and the passing capacity of particles increase as the cross-section area of the impeller. In addition, the correlations between the two-phase flow and cross-section area have been revealed by a mathematical model taking the force of the flow field into account. The simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis, while the experimental pump performances validate the numerical calculation. The influence of the cross-section area on two-phase flow and pump performance could provide theoretical support for the design of high-performance deepsea mining slurry pumps.