mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Shale gas reservoir characteristics of Ordovician-Silurian formations in the central Yangtze area, China

The characteristics of a shale gas reservoir and the potential of a shale gas resource of Ordovician–Silurian age in the north of the central Yangtze area were determined. Core samples from three wells in the study area were subjected to thin-section examination, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance testing, X-ray diffraction mineral analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) testing, maturity testing, gas-bearing analysis, and gas component and isothermal adsorption experiments. A favorable segment of the gas shale reservoir was found in both the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of the Longmaxi Formation; these formations were formed from the late Katian to early Rhuddanian. The high-quality shale layers in wells J1, J2, and J3 featured thicknesses of 54.88 m, 48.49 m, and 52.00 m, respectively, and mainly comprised carbonaceous and siliceous shales. Clay and brittle minerals showed average contents of 37.5% and 62.5% (48.9% quartz), respectively. The shale exhibited type II1 kerogens with a vitrinite reflectance ranging from 1.94% to 3.51%. TOC contents of 0.22%–6.05% (average, 2.39%) were also observed. The reservoir spaces mainly included micropores and microfractures and were characterized by low porosity and permeability. Well J3 showed generally high gas contents, i.e., 1.12–3.16 m~3/t (average 2.15 m~3/t), and its gas was primarily methane. The relatively thick black shale reservoir featured high TOC content, high organic material maturity, high brittle mineral content, high gas content, low porosity, and low permeability. Shale gas adsorption was positively correlated with TOC content and organic maturity, weakly positive correlated with quartz content, and weakly negatively correlated with clay content. Therefore, the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the north of the central Yangtze area have a good potential for shale gas exploration.
Numerical research on evolvement of submarine sand waves in the Northern South China Sea

Submarine sand waves, vital to seabed stability, are an important consideration for oceanic engineering projects such as oil pipe lines and submarine cables. The properties of surface sediment and the evolvement of submarine sand waves in a specified area in the South China Sea are studied using both a hydrological model and field observational data. The bottom flow field data between 2010 and 2011 in the study area are simulated by the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). The migration of submarine sand waves is calculated using Rubin’s formula along with typhoon data and bottom flow field data, which allows for the analysis of sand wave response under the influence of typhoons. The migration direction calculated by Rubin’s formula and bottom flow are very similar to collected data. The migration distance of different positions is between 0.0 m and 21.8 m, which reciprocates cumulatively. This shows that Rubin’s formula can predict the progress of submarine sand waves with the bottom flow simulated by ROMS. The migration distances of 2 sites in the study area are 2.0 m and 2.9 m during the typhoon “Fanapi”. The proportion of the calculated migration distance by the typhoon is 9.17% and 26.36% of the annual migration distance, respectively, which proves that the typhoon can make a significant impact on submarine sand waves.
A remote sensing-based agricultural drought indicator and its implementation over a semi-arid region, Jordan

The objective of the study was to develop a remote sensing (i.e., Landsat-8 and MODIS)-based agricultural drought indicator (ADI) at 30-m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution and also to evaluate its performance over a heterogeneous agriculture dominant semi-arid region in Jordan. Firstly, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the correlations among six commonly used remote sensing-derived agricultural drought related variables. The variables included normalized difference water index (NDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), visible and shortwave drought index (VSDI), normalized multiband drought index (NMDI), moisture stress index (MSI), and land surface temperature (LST). Secondly, we integrated the relatively less correlated variables (that were found to be NDWI, VSDI, and LST) to generate four agricultural drought categories/conditions (i.e., wet, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought). Finally, we evaluated the ADI maps against a set of 8-day ground-based standardized precipitation index values (i.e., SPI-1, SPI-2, ..., SPI-8) by use of confusion matrices and observed the best results for SPI-4 (i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 83% and 76%, respectively) and SPI-5 (i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 85% and 78%, respectively). The results demonstrated that the method would be valuable for monitoring agricultural drought conditions in semi-arid regions at both a reasonably high spatial resolution (i.e., 30-m) and a short time period (i.e., 8-day).
Hantavirus infection: a global zoonotic challenge

Hantaviruses are comprised of tri-segmented negative sense single-stranded RNA, and are members of the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and are important zoonotic pathogens that can have severe adverse effects in humans. They are naturally maintained in specific reservoir hosts without inducing symptomatic infection. In humans,however, hantaviruses often cause two acute febrile diseases,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this paper,we review the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infections worldwide.
Significant differences of function and expression of microRNAs between ground state and serum-cultured pluripotent stem cells

Serum- and 2i-cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs) show different epigenetic landscapes and transcriptomic profiles. The difference in the function and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) between these two states remains unclear. Here, we showed that 2i- and serum-cultured ESCs exhibited distinctive miRNA expression profiles with >100 miRNAs differentially expressed, and the expression changes were largely due to transcriptional regulation. We further characterized the function of miRNAs differentially expressed under two conditions and found that ESCs exhibited higher degree of dependency on miRNAs for rapid proliferation; since Dgcr8~(-/-) or Dicer1~(-/-) but not wild-type ESCs showed slower growth rate and more accumulation in the G1 phase under 2i than serum condition. More interestingly, introduction of various self-renewal-silencing miRNAs in wild-type or Dgcr8~(-/-) ESCs failed to silence the self-renewal in 2i medium, but regained the ability to silence the self-renewal upon the addition of serum. Our findings reveal significant differences in the expression and function of miRNAs between serum- and 2icultured ESCs.
巴曲酶联合早期鼓室内注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗突发性聋

突发性聋是耳鼻咽喉科常见急症之一,目前各国对于突发性聋发病时间定义基本相同,是指数分钟、几小时至3 d内,突然发生的原因不明的感音神经性听力损失。导致突发性聋的临床致病原因尚不明确,国内外大量研究有超过100种不同原因。被广泛接受的原因包括耳微循环障碍、病毒感染、耳蜗膜破裂以及自身免疫性内耳病等。至少有90%突发性聋患者,虽经详细临床检查,仍然原因不明,因此缺乏针对性治疗,但目前公认突发性聋急性期多为内耳血管病变。目前临床常用治疗原则以扩张血管、激素治疗和调节神经为主。我院多年来一直采用改善微循环障碍和激素为主的综合治疗,本研究选取我院2012年1月~2015年12月就诊突发性聋132例进行比较,现报道如下。
Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Rice Genotypes

In order to elucidate the role of antioxidant responses in salinity tolerance in rice genotypes under salt stress, experiments were conducted using four rice varieties, including salt-sensitive BRRI dhan 28 and three salt-tolerant varieties BRRI dhan 47, BINA dhan 8 and BINA dhan 10. Thirty-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted into pots. At the active tillering stage (35 d after transplanting), plants were exposed to different salinity levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 mmol/L NaCl). Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth for all the rice genotypes. Growth reduction was higher in the salt-sensitive genotype than in the salt-tolerant ones, and BINA dhan 10 showed higher salt tolerance in all measured physiological parameters. The reduction in shoot and root biomass was found to be minimal in BINA dhan 10. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased under salt stress except for BINA dhan 10. Proline content significantly increased in salt-tolerant rice genotypes with increased salt concentration, and the highest proline content was obtained from BINA dhan 10 under salt stress. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities significantly decreased in salt-sensitive genotype whereas significantly increased in salt-tolerant ones with increasing salt concentration. However, salt stress significantly decreased guaiacol peroxidase activity in all the rice genotypes irrespective of salt tolerance. K~+ /Na~+ ratio also significantly decreased in shoots and roots of all the rice genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotype BINA dhan 10 maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and proline contents as well as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities under salt stress, thus, this might be the underlying mechanism for salt tolerance.
Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Rice Resistance Against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Brown planthopper (BPH) is an insect species that feeds on the vascular system of rice plants. To examine the defence mechanism of rice plants against BPH, the pathogenesis-related genes (PR1a, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR6, PR9, PR10a, PR13, PR15 and PRpha), signaling molecule synthesis genes (AOS, AXR, ACO and LOX), antioxidant-related genes (CAT, TRX, GST and SOD) and lignin biosynthesis-related genes (CHS, CHI and C4H) were investigated in a resistant rice variety. AOS, PR6, PR9 and PR15 genes showed significantly increased relative expression levels at 24.38-, 19.17-, 14.71-, and 12.74-fold compared to the control. Moderate increased relative expression levels of lignin biosynthesis-related gene (C4H), pathogenesis-related genes (PR4, PR10a and PRpha), and antioxidant-related gene (GST) were found, while CHI, LOX, SOD, TRX1 and AXR showed decreased relative expression levels. It was thus clearly shown that wound-induced response genes were activated in rice plants after BPH attacks through AOS activation. Jasmonic acid signaling molecule may activate PR6, PR15, GST and CAT subsequently increasing their expression for H 2 O 2 detoxification. PR6 were expressed at the highest relative level among the PR genes. These genes therefore have also a considerable synergistic role with the other genes against BPH by interfered their digestion tract system.
Salt Tolerance in Rice: Focus on Mechanisms and Approaches

Salt tolerance is an important constrain for rice, which is generally categorized as a typical glycophyte. Soil salinity is one of the major constraints affecting rice production worldwide, especially in the coastal areas. Susceptibility or tolerance of rice plants to high salinity is a coordinated action of multiple stress responsive genes, which also interacts with other components of stress signal transduction pathways. Salt tolerant varieties can be produced by marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering by introducing salt-tolerance genes. In this review, we have updated on mechanisms and genes which can help in transferring of the salt tolerance into high-yielding rice varieties. We have focused on the need for integrating phenotyping, genomics, metabolic profiling and phenomics into transgenic and breeding approaches to develop high-yielding as well as salt tolerant rice varieties.
植绒棉签在案件检验中的应用3例

值得一提的是,使用植绒棉签提取样本有以下注意事项:(1)植绒棉签本身具有高吸水性,所以在浸湿棉签时水量不宜过多,否则会导致棉签干燥缓慢且样本被稀释,不利于样本浓缩。(2)在处理纹理不规则表面时,应依照检材表面纹理,旋转棉签进行擦拭。(3)样本采集完成后,应直接放入套管进行后续检验,尽量避免接触其他物体。在上述3个案例中,使用植绒棉签结合Chelex-100法和磁珠法均检出DNA分型,说明植绒棉签适用于法医DNA检验的常规提取方法。
铸造技术路线图:消失模铸造

消失模铸造,又称实型铸造。它是采用泡沫塑料制作成与铸件形状、尺寸一样的实体泡沫模样,经涂挂耐火涂料干燥后,进行散砂振动紧实或有粘接剂型砂紧实,然后浇入金属液使模样受热气化消失,得到与模样形状一致的金属零件的铸造方法。实体泡沫模样可采用模具发泡成形、加工组装成形获得。总体看,消失模铸造技术特点明显,在理论上,它可用于各类铸件,一些铸件采用该技术颇有优越性,但它不是万能的,有一定的适用性。何种铸件产品适于消失模铸造工艺,须经过技术上的可行性及经济上的合理性认证,不宜盲目从事。目前,我国能够大量生产的消失模铸件种类包括:各类铁质变速箱体、飞轮壳、离合器壳体、电机壳、管件、耐磨衬板(件)、机床床身、歧气管件、水泵和阀门壳体等,部分企业已成功生产发动机缸体、缸盖等。
白僵菌对酚类转化及僵蚕中4-O-甲基葡萄糖苷化产物的研究进展

僵蚕是由家蚕经球孢白僵菌感染僵化而死的干燥虫体,其感染过程实际上是白僵菌发酵的过程。本文总结了白僵菌对酚类4-O-甲基葡萄糖苷化作用的规律和僵蚕化学成分研究进展,提出僵蚕形成过程的转化反应和可能的产物,旨在为其物质基础研究和质量标准建立提供思路。
Motion visualization and estimation for flapping wing systems

Studies of fluid-structure interactions associated with flexible structures such as flapping wings require the capture and quantification of large motions of bodies that may be opaque. As a case study, motion capture of a free flying Manduca sexta, also known as hawkmoth, is considered by using three synchronized high-speed cameras. A solid finite element (FE) representation is used as a reference body and successive snapshots in time of the displacement fields are reconstructed via an optimization procedure. One of the original aspects of this work is the formulation of an objective function and the use of shadow matching and strain-energy regularization.With this objective function, the authors penalize the projection differences between silhouettes of the captured images and the FE representation of the deformed body. The process and procedures undertaken to go from high-speed videography to motion estimation are discussed, and snapshots of representative results are presented. Finally, the captured free-flight motion is also characterized and quantified.
青光眼案

青光眼是临床常见的病理性眼压升高的一种疾病,属中医“五风内障”范畴。青光眼的发病与肝有密切关系,其主要病机为肝经阴阳失调,气郁化火,气血失和。本案患者为肝郁脾虚之证,故治疗以脐疗疏肝健脾为主。神阙穴为十二经脉之总枢,隔药灸脐法可使药力直达病所,脐疗方中以柴胡、香附行气疏肝解郁,炒白术、当归、炒白芍健脾养血柔肝,且面饼为小麦粉所制,小麦味甘,入脾经,可起健脾之功,治疗效果甚佳。针刺眼周睛明、攒竹、太阳、四白等穴位以疏通局部经络气血,濡养双目。肝开窍于目,故眼部有疾责之于肝,肝胆互为表里,光明为胆经的络穴,一穴通两经,有疏肝利胆、清肝明目之功。风池属足少阳胆经,《灵枢·经脉》云: “胆足少阳之脉,起于目锐眦”。经脉所过,主治所及,故风池穴治疗眼部疾病效佳。外关穴可用于治疗眼部疾病,常与足临泣穴配用,正如《医经小学》中记载:“临泣胆经连带脉,阳维目锐外关逢”。太冲可疏通肝经气血,清肝泻火。《灵枢·大惑论》有云: “五脏六腑之精气,皆上注于目而为之精……上属于脑,后出于项中。”故针刺后项部颈夹脊穴对于治疗眼部疾病有很好的疗效。后期治疗以中药汤剂为主,肝气不舒,气郁容易化火,因此在疏肝健脾的基础上加入决明子、夏枯草、菊花、薄荷、密蒙花、谷精草等药物以清肝泻火明目。患者属老年女性,肝肾必有亏损,治疗需清补兼施,又加入山药、五味子、枸杞子以滋阴补肾。外治配合内调,以外治为主;肝脾同治,重在治肝,兼以补脾益肾,故收良效。
Determination of hexabromocyclododecanes in sediments from the Haihe River in China by an optimized HPLC–MS–MS method

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), a new type of persistent organic pollutants widely used as brominated flame retardants, have attracted wide attention due to their increasing level and toxicity. A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS–MS) in electrospray ionization mode has been developed by optimization of various parameters, which effectively improved the separation degree and responsive intensity of α-, β- and γ-HBCD isomers. The concentrations and distribution profiles of three HBCD isomers were investigated in sediments from the Haihe River in China. It was observed that the concentrations of HBCDs varied in the range of 0.4–58.82 ng/g, showing a decreasing trend along the flow direction, possibly due to attenuation and biodegradation along the flow direction of the Haihe River. The distribution profile of α-, β-, γ-HBCD was 7.91%–88.6%, 0–91.47%, and 0.62%–42.83%, respectively. Interestingly, α-HBCD dominated in most sample sites. This was different from the distribution profile in commercial industrial products, which might be attributed to the inter-transformation and different degradation rates of the three HBCD isomers. The potential ecological risk of HBCDs in sediment was characterized under the two-tiered procedure of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for environmental risk assessment. Although the HBCDs in the selected section of the Haihe River presented “no risk” in the sediment compartment, its risk in sediment cannot be neglected since sediment is one of the important sinks and reservoirs of pollutants.
Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river — Fuyang River in northern China

Based on water quality surveys over 2 years (July to December, in 2014 and 2015) in a typical arid river in northern China the Xingtai segment of the Fuyang River basin — the variation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was analyzed. The extent of water eutrophication of this segment was also assessed using a universal index formula for eutrophic evaluation and a logarithmic power function. The results showed that the average concentration of total N (TN) was 27.2 mg/L (NH_3-N, 63.5%), total P (TP) was 2.0 mg/L (solution reactive phosphorus, 68.8%). Temporal and spatial variations of N and P in this segment were observed. Concentrations of N and P in the arid season were higher than those in the rainy season. Spatially, the N and P concentrations followed the same trend; i.e., higher in the city segment than in the suburbs, and decreasing along the river. The water eutrophication in the studied segment reached extremely high levels at all times (eutrophication index ≥76.3). Spatially, its trend was clearly linked with N and P. Water shortage, pollution accumulation and a weak self-purification function are the main reasons for the prominent eutrophication in this segment.
Size-resolved aerosol water-soluble ions at a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, North China

The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated using ion chromatography at Shangdianzi, a regional background station of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Seasonal total concentrations of ions (Na~+, Mg~(2+), K~+, Ca~(2+), NH4 ~+, Cl~–, SO_4 ~(2–) and NO_3 ~–) were 75.5 ± 52.9 μg/m~3 in spring, 26.5 ± 12.3 μg/m~3 in summer, 22.7 ± 20.4 μg/m~3 in autumn, and 31.1 ± 23.9 μg/m~3 in winter, respectively. The secondary ions (NO_3 ~–, SO_4 ~(2–) and NH4 ~+), mainly associatedwith fine particles, accounted for 84.2% in spring, 82.1%in summer, 81.5%in autumn and 76.3% in winter of all ions. Strong correlations were found between NH4 ~+ and SO_4 ~(2–) (r = 0.95, p < 0.01) as well as NH4 ~+ and NO_3 ~– (r = 0.90, p < 0.01) in fine particles; while in coarse particles, correlations betweenMg~(2+) and NO_3 ~– (r = 0.80, p < 0.01),andCa~(2+) and NO_3 ~– (r = 0.85, p < 0.01)were found. The concentrations of Na~+, K~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+), NH4 ~+, Cl~–, NO_3 ~–, and SO_4 ~(2–) were 2.02, 0.81, 0.36, 1.65, 9.58, 4.01, 18.9, and 18.4 μg/m~3 in particulate matter from southeast-derived air masses, which were typically 1.58–3.37 times higher than in northwest trajectories. Thus, concentrations of water-soluble ions at this background station were heavily influenced by regional transport of serious pollution derived from biomass burning, coal combustion, industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions from Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei.
Microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-MS for determination of trace metals in atmospheric and lake ecosystem

The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans, aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season (before and after precipitation) between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid– liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore, there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc (133.50–419.30 μg/m~3) and aluminum (53.58–378.93 μg/m~3) had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation. On the other hand, the concentrations of zinc, aluminum, chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters (pH and turbidity) and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore, enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust, biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere.
Effects of Ge~(4+) acceptor dopant on sintering and electrical properties of (K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3 lead-free piezoceramics

Lead-free (K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))(Nb_(1-x)Ge_x)O_3 (KNN-xGe, where x = 0-0.01) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic processing. The effects of Ge~(4+) cation doping on the phase compositions, microstructure and electrical properties of KNN ceramics were studied. SEM images show that Ge~(4+) cation doping improved the sintering and promoted the grain growth of the KNN ceramics. Dielectric and ferroelectric measurements proved that Ge~(4+) cations substituted Nb~(5+) ions as acceptors, and the Curie temperature (T_C) shows an almost linear decrease with increasing the Ge~(4+) content. Combining this result with microstructure observations and electrical measurements, it is concluded that the optimal sintering temperature for KNN-xGe ceramics was 1020°C. Ge~(4+) doping less than 0.4 mol.%can improve the compositional homogeneity and piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics. The KNN-xGe ceramics with x = 0.2% exhibited the best piezoelectric properties: piezoelectric constant d_(33) = 120 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient k_p = 34.7%, mechanical quality factor Q_m = 130, and tanδ = 3.6%.
Preparation of porous hollow silica spheres via a layer-bylayer process and the chromatographic performance

Hollow silica spheres possessing excellent mechanical properties were successfully prepared through a layer-by-layer process using uniform polystyrene (PS) latex fabricated by dispersion polymerization as template. The formation of hollow SiO_2 micro-spheres, structures and properties were observed in detail by zeta potential, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA and nitrogen sorption porosimetry. The results indicated that the hollow spheres were uniform with particle diameter of 1.6 μm and shell thickness of 150 nm. The surface area was 511 m~2/g and the pore diameter was 8.36 nm. A new stationary phase for HPLC was obtained by using C_(18)-derivatized hollow SiO_2 micro-spheres as packing materials and the chromatographic properties were evaluated for the separation of some regular small molecules. The packed column showed low column pressure, high values of efficiency (up to about 43 000 plates/m) and appropriate asymmetry factors.
E3 ligase UHRF2 stabilizes the acetyltransferase TIP60 and regulates H3K9ac and H3K14ac via RING finger domain

UHRF2 is a ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 that regulates cell cycle, genomic stability and epigenetics. We conducted a co-immunoprecipitation assay and found that TIP60 and HDAC1 interact with UHRF2. We previously demonstrated that UHRF2 regulated H3K9ac and H3K14ac differentially in normal and cancer cells. However, the accurate signal transduction mechanisms were not clear. In this study, we found that TIP60 acted downstream of UHRF2 to regulate H3K9ac and H3K14ac expression. TIP60 is stabilized in normal cells by UHRF2 ubiquitination. However, TIP60 is destabilized in cancer cells. Depletion or inhibition of TIP60 disrupts the regulatory relationship between UHRF2, H3K9ac and H3K14ac. In summary, the findings suggest that UHRF2 mediated the post-translational modification of histones and the initiation and progression of cancer.