mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Head-mounted display-based intuitive virtual reality training system for the mining industry

Virtual reality (VR) training technology in the mining industry is a new field of research and utilization. The successful application of VR training system is critical to mine safety and production. Through the statistics of the current research and applications of VR training systems in mining industry, all the input/output devices are classified. Based on the classifications of the input/output devices that are used in the VR system, the current VR training systems for the mining industry could be divided into three types: screen-based general type, projector-based customized type, and head-mounted display (HMD)- based intuitive type. By employing a VR headset, a smartphone and a leap motion device, an HMDbased intuitive type VR training system prototype for drilling in underground mines has been developed. Ten trainees tried both the HMD-based intuitive system and the screen-based general control system to compare the experiences and training effects. The results show that the HMD-based system can give a much better user experience and is easy to use. Three of the five components of a VR training system, namely, the user, the tasks, and software and database should be given more attention in future research. With more available technologies of input and output devices, VR engines, and system software, the VR training system will eventually yield much better training results, and will play a more important role in as a training tool for mine safety.
Prediction of air flow, methane, and coal dust dispersion in a room and pillar mining face

In underground coal mines, uncontrolled accumulation of methane and fine coal dust often leads to serious incidents such as explosion. Therefore, methane and dust dispersion in underground mines is closely monitored and strictly regulated. Accordingly, significant efforts have been devoted to study methane and dust dispersion in underground mines. In this study, methane emission and dust concentration are numerically investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Various possible scenarios of underground mine configurations are evaluated. The results indicate that the presence of continuous miner adversely affects the air flow and leads to increased methane and dust concentrations. Nevertheless, it is found that such negative effect can be minimized or even neutralized by operating the scrubber fan in suction mode. In addition, it was found that the combination of scrubber fan in suction mode and brattice results in the best performance in terms of methane and dust removal from the mining face.
Mechanical analysis of effective pressure relief protection range of upper protective seam mining

This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower. Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U” shape into a ‘‘V” shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji15, within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji15 dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.
Rockburst mechanism in soft coal seam within deep coal mines

A number of rockburst accidents occurring in soft coal seams have shown that the rockburst mechanism involved in soft coal seams is significantly different from that involved in hard coal seams. Therefore, the method used to evaluate rockburst in hard coal seams is not applicable to soft coal seams. This paper established an energy integral model for the rockburst-inducing area and a friction work calculation model for the plastic area. If the remaining energy after the coal seam is broken in the rockburstinducing area is greater than the friction work required for the coal to burst out, then a rockburst accident will occur. Mechanisms of ‘‘quaking without bursting” and ‘‘quaking and bursting” are clarified for soft coal seams and corresponding control measures are proposed as the optimization of roadway layouts and use of ‘‘three strong systems” (strong de-stressing, strong supporting, and strong monitoring).
Mineralogy and textural impact on beneficiation of goethitic ore

The effect of mineralogy and texture on the beneficiation of goethitic ores from two different origins is highlighted. Sample A having 54.47% Fe with 8.57% loss of ignition (LOI) indicates the presence of vitreous and ochreous goethite, martite and microplaty hematite as the major minerals. Sample B contains 56.90% Fe with 14.4% LOI. There is a pisolithic laterite containing vitreous and ochreous goethite, quartz, kaolinitic clay and there is no hematite mineral. The liberated minerals in °150 + 100 lm size class are 74% for Sample A and 37% only for Sample B which shows that the Sample A appears to be more amenable to beneficiate. A concentrate of 46.7% with 63.22% Fe could be recovered from Sample A while subjected to gravity separation followed by wet magnetic separation. The Sample B does not respond to gravity and magnetic separation due to its complex mineralogy. However, calcination of the Sample B followed by magnetic separation gives the encouraging results. Thus, anomalous behaviour of the goethite dominated ores in beneficiation is attributed to the different textural and liberation characteristic.
Surface movement above old coal longwalls after mine closure

Although most subsidence occurs in the months and years after mining by the longwall method, surface movement is still occurring many decades after the mining. The aim of the study is to quantify the long term behavior. Satellite data (radar-interferometry) were analyzed to study an area of about 2 km~2 during the 18 years following the closure of the underground infrastructure and the flooding of the underground workings and rock mass. It was observed that, on average, a residual downward movement took place till 7–12 years after the closure, followed by a clear uplift. However, the first signs of an uplift occurred in certain sub-areas 3–4 years after the closure. Zones within the area studied were identified with either larger or smaller movements. However, the spatial variation of the surface subsidence or uplift could not be directly explained by the characteristics of mining.
Relative floatability as a criterion for evaluating the separation performance of phosphate from iron

This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis. The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage (depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron (relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability (16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30, depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time, 9.43 min.
Application of a nondestructive method to evaluate the active layer in a cold region

To provide a safe transportation system in an extremely cold region, evaluation needs to be conducted of the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer, as they significantly affect frost heave. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dielectric constant (κ) of the active layer using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP); this evaluation was then used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer. A field located in midwest Alaska was selected as the study site. A GPR survey and two DCP tests were conducted on the surface of the ground, and the ground temperature was measured. From the GPR survey, travel times of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer were obtained. In addition, the thickness of the active layer was determined by using the dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI) and ground temperature. By using the travel time and travel distance of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer, dielectric constants were calculated as 26.3 and 26.4 for two DCP points. From the mean dielectric constant, the volumetric water content was estimated to be 40%~43%, and the thickness of the active layer was evaluated along the GPR survey line. The spatial-scaled GPR image showed that the thickness of the active layer varied from 520 mm to 700 mm due to the presence of a puddle, which accelerated the heat exchange. The results show that evaluation of the dielectric constant using the GPR survey and the DCP test can be effectively used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.
The genetic basis of deafness in populations of African descent

Hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is associated with more than 1000 mutations in more than 90 genes. While mutations in genes such as GJB2 (gap-junction protein b 2) and GJB6 (gap-junction protein b 6) are highly prevalent in Caucasian, Asian, and Middle Eastern populations, they are rare in both native African populations and those of African descent. The objective of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and genetics of hearing loss in African populations with a focus on native sub-Saharan African populations. Environmental etiologies related to poor access to healthcare and perinatal care account for the majority of cases. Syndromic etiologies including Waardenburg, Pendred and Usher syndromes are uncommon causes of hearing loss in these populations. Of the non-syndromic causes, common mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are rarely implicated in populations of African descent. Recent use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has identified several candidate deafness genes in African populations from Nigeria and South Africa that are unique when compared to common causative mutations worldwide. Researchers also recently described a dominant mutation in MYO3a in an African American family with non-syndromic hearing loss. The use of NGS and specialized panels will aid in identifying rare and novel mutations in a more cost- and timeeffective manner. The identification of common hearing loss mutations in indigenous African populations will pave the way for translation into genetic deafness research in populations of African descent worldwide.
Brain injury in combination with tacrolimus promotes the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves

Both brain injury and tacrolimus have been reported to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. In this study, before transection of rat sciatic nerve, moderate brain contusion was (or was not) induced. After sciatic nerve injury, tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant, was (or was not) intraperitoneally administered. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, Masson's trichrome, hematoxylin-eosin, and toluidine blue staining results revealed that brain injury or tacrolimus alone or their combination alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve fiber impairment on the experimental side, simultaneously improved sciatic nerve function, and increased gastrocnemius muscle wet weight on the experimental side. At 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, brain injury induction and/or tacrolimus treatment increased action potential amplitude in the sciatic nerve trunk. Horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing revealed that the number of horseradish peroxidase-positive neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord was greatly increased. Brain injury in combination with tacrolimus exhibited better effects on repair of injured peripheral nerves than brain injury or tacrolimus alone. This result suggests that brain injury in combination with tacrolimus promotes repair of peripheral nerve injury.
Understory vascular plant community assembly in relation to time-since-fire and environmental variables in a Chinese boreal forest

Understanding the response of understory vegetation to fire disturbance is vital to biodiversity conservation and management of boreal forests. We surveyed understory vascular plant richness and composition, and measured related environmental variables along a toposequence within three successional stages, initial (3 years post-fire), early (13 years post-fire) and late (>100 years post-fire) successional stages. Using permutation multivariate ANOVA and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we analyzed how understory species richness and composition change as time-since-fire proceeds, and their correlative relationships with environmental variables. Species richness and composition showed significant differences among the three successional stages. Understory species richness and abundance were significantly associated with time-since-fire, topographic position, elevation and organic layer depth. Among these variables, time-since-fire had the strongest effect and topographic position was the second major factor on affecting understory community assembly. In addition, time-since-fire overwhelmed the effects of soil pH in the initial successional stage and gravimetric soil moisture in early and late successional stages on understory species composition.
90度侧卧-头侧平行入路在机器人食管癌切除术中的应用

机器人食管切除术(robotic-assisted minimal invasive esophagectomy,RAMIE)最常以“三切口”方式完成,胸部手术由机器人辅助完成,腹部手术可由机器人辅助也可由腹腔镜辅助完成,颈部采用手工或器械吻合。目前国内外RAMIE胸部手术多沿用胸腔镜食管癌切除流程:患者半俯卧位(机器人位于病人背侧,机械臂沿与患者身体纵轴近似垂直方向伸展,简称“背侧成角入路”,见图1a、b[1]),以奇静脉弓上为解剖切入点,从上向下游离食管,需要先在气管、隆突、主动脉弓等复杂结构之间游离食管。在腹部手术时,如果采用机器人辅助,则必须重新调整机器人的位置,将其移动到患者头侧,再将机械臂沿患者身体纵轴平行方向伸出。
Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013. Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth, leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013. Before 2008, green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern, which was a typical core-periphery pattern. Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects, capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions, while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'. This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy. After 2008, the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas. This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles. The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion, while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.
Analytical Models for Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels with Emerged and Submerged Vegetated Floodplains

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity in open compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains were analyzed based on the analytical solution of the depth-integrated Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with a term to account for the effects of vegetation. The three cases considered for open channels were two-stage rectangular channel with emerged vegetated floodplain, rectangular channel with submerged vegetated corner, and two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain, respectively. To predict the depth-averaged velocity with submerged vegetated floodplains, we proposed a new method based on a two-layer approach where flow above and through the vegetation layer was described separately. Moreover, further experiments in the two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain were carried out to verify the results. The analytical solutions of the cases indicated that the corresponding analytical depth-averaged velocity distributions agree well with the simulated and experimental prediction. The analytical solutions of the cases with theoretical foundation and without programming calculation were reasonable and applicable, which were more convenient than numerical simulations. The analytical solutions provided a way for future researches to solve the problems of submerged vegetation and discontinuous phenomenon of depth-averaged velocity at the stage point for compound channels. Understanding the hydraulics of flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains is very important for supporting the management of fluvial processes.
Airborne Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Spectra and Aerosols over East Inner Mongolia

A set of vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations,size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra was observed using a passive cloud and aerosol spectrometer (PCASP) and cloud condensation nuclei counter,over the Tongliao area,East Inner Mongolia,China. The results showed that the average aerosol number concentration in this region was much lower than that in heavily polluted areas. Monthly average aerosol number concentrations within the boundary layer reached a maximum in May and a minimum in September,and the variations in CCN number concentrations at different supersaturations showed the same trend. The parameters c and k of the empirical function N = cS~k were 539 and 1.477 under clean conditions,and their counterparts under polluted conditions were 1615 and 1.42. Measurements from the airborne probe mounted on a Yun-12 (Y12) aircraft,together with Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model backward trajectories indicated that the air mass from the south of Tongliao contained a high concentration of aerosol particles (1000–2500 cm~(–3)) in the middle and lower parts of the troposphere. Moreover,detailed intercomparison of data obtained on two days in 2010 indicated that the activation efficiency in terms of the ratio of NCCN to N_a (aerosols measured from PCASP) was 0.74 (0.4 supersaturations) when the air mass mainly came from south of Tongliao,and this value increased to 0.83 on the relatively cleaner day. Thus,long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from heavily polluted mega cities,such as Beijing and Tianjin,may result in slightly decreasing activation efficiencies.
Pre-emergence herbicides affect seedling emergence of tropical forest tree species

Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, information on howthey affect the seeds of native tree species is scarce. We established a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of four preemergence herbicides (atrazine, diuron, isoxaflutole and oxyfluorfen) on weed suppression and seedling emergence and early growth of seven tropical forest tree species (Annona coriacea Mart., Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Cordia ecalyculata Vell., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Psidium guajava L., Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a single dose of each pre-emergence herbicide and a control. Throughout the 60 days after sowing we evaluated weed cover and seedling emergence and early growth of tree species. Overall, our results suggest that all tested herbicides reduced weed cover;however, they also negatively affected tree species seedling emergence. Of the four herbicides tested, atrazine and diuron showed the greatest effects on tree seedling emergence, oxyfluorfen was least aggressive towards native species and isoxaflutole was most effective in weed control. Native tree species varied in their responses to herbicides, indicating that future experiments should increase the number of species tested as well as investigate how seed traits can affect the species responses to different herbicides.
Perceptive insight into incentive design and sustainability of participatory mangrove management: a case study from the Indian Sundarbans

Incentive design is among the decisive factors behind active community participation and long-term sustainability of participatory forest management. Especially in case of mangroves, where multiple interests apply, it requires a careful integration of several ecological, economic and institutional factors. The primary objective of this paper is to understand the basis of incentive design and make a comprehensive inquiry into the existing incentive mechanism of participatory mangrove management in Indian Sundarbans. The qualitative and in-depth assessment was derived against a conceptual framework that contains three main determinants: (1) resources availability, (2) control mechanism, and (3) perception of end-users. The study deploys the results of various participatory exercises such as structured interviews with forest officials, focus group discussions with 10 Joint Forest Management Committees and semi-structured interviews with 119 mangrove users. In general, we observed an over-cautious, hierarchical and safety-margin-based incentive design with distinct bifurcation of communities over the adequacy and effectiveness of derived benefits. Although, the incentives are diverse and align well with the overall conservation of mangroves, they are considered to be insufficient by nearly half of the mangrove users. The main issues that were observed to hinder effective community participation can be summarized as (1) serious restrictions on access to economically exploitable mangrove products, (2) passive involvement of vulnerable occupational groups, and (3) lack of trust and conflicting interests between the officials and the communities. Although the existing preventive management of mangroves can be justified considering the magnanimity of the Indian Sundarbans, it can severely impair community participation and emerge as a clear threat to future sustainability. To secure greater participation of the communities, we propose small scale, innovative developmental incentives to supplement traditional forest-resource-based incentives.