mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Microphysical Processes of a Stratiform Precipitation Event over Eastern China: Analysis Using Micro Rain Radar data

Data collected using the micro rain radar (MRR) situated in Jinan city, eastern China, were used to explore the altitudinal and temporal evolution of rainfall microphysical characteristics, and to analyze the bright band (BB) characteristics and hydrometeor classification. Specifically, a low-intensity and stable stratiform precipitation event that occurred from 0000 to 0550 UTC 15 February 2015 and featured a BB was studied. During this event, the rainfall intensity was less than 2 mm h~(-1) at a height of 300 m, which was above the radar site level, so the errors caused by the vertical air motion could be ignored. The freezing height from the radiosonde matched well with the top of the BB observed by the MRR. It was also found that the number of 0.5-1 mm diameter drops showed no noticeable variation below the BB. The maximum fall velocity and the maximum gradient fall velocity (GFV) of the raindrops appeared at the bottom of the BB. Meanwhile, a method that uses the GFV and reflectivity to identify the altitude and the thickness of the BB was established, with which the MRR can provide a reliable and real-time estimation of the 0℃ isotherm. The droplet fall velocity was used to classify the types of snow crystals above the BB. In the first 20 min of the selected precipitation event, graupel prevailed above the BB; and at an altitude of 2000 m, graupel also dominated in the first 250 min. After 150 min, the existence of graupel and dendritic crystals with water droplets above the BB was inferred.
Sensitivity of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation to the Thornthwaite and Penman-Monteith Methods in the Study of Global Drylands

Drylands are among those regions most sensitive to climate and environmental changes and human-induced perturbations. The most widely accepted definition of the term dryland is a ratio, called the Surface Wetness Index (SWI), of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (PET) being below 0.65. PET is commonly estimated using the Thornthwaite (PET_Th) and Penman-Monteith equations (PET_PM). The present study compared spatiotemporal characteristics of global drylands based on the SWI with PET_Th and PET_PM. Results showed vast differences between PET_Th and PET_PM; however, the SWI derived from the two kinds of PET showed broadly similar characteristics in the interdecadal variability of global and continental drylands, except in North America, with high correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.89. It was found that, during 1901-2014, global hyper-arid and semi-arid regions expanded, arid and dry sub-humid regions contracted, and drylands underwent interdecadal fluctuation. This was because precipitation variations made major contributions, whereas PET changes contributed to a much lesser degree. However, distinct differences in the interdecadal variability of semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions were found. This indicated that the influence of PET changes was comparable to that of precipitation variations in the global dry-wet transition zone. Additionally, the contribution of PET changes to the variations in global and continental drylands gradually enhanced with global warming, and the Thornthwaite method was found to be increasingly less applicable under climate change.
The Tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean Associated Mode Simulated by LICOM2.0

Oceanic general circulation models have become an important tool for the study of marine status and change. This paper reports a numerical simulation carried out using LICOM2.0 and the forcing field from CORE. When compared with SODA reanalysis data and ERSST.v3b data, the patterns and variability of the tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean associated mode (PIOAM) are reproduced very well in this experiment. This indicates that, when the tropical central-western Indian Ocean and central-eastern Pacific are abnormally warmer/colder, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific are correspondingly colder/warmen This further confirms that the tropical PIOAM is an important mode that is not only significant in the SST anomaly field, but also more obviously in the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly field. The surface associated mode index (SAMI) and the thermocline (i.e., subsurface) associated mode index (TAMI) calculated using the model output data are both consistent with the values of these indices derived from observation and reanalysis data. However, the model SAMI and TAMI are more closely and synchronously related to each other.
3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸尿症1例的临床特点及遗传学研究

目的分析1例3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸尿症患儿的临床资料,从分子遗传学水平探讨其病因及发病机制。方法详细收集1例3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸尿症患儿的临床资料,并提取外周血基因组DNA,运用PCR技术扩增HMGCL基因的9个外显子及与内含子拼接区,对扩增片段采用直接测序方法检测突变。结果患儿,女,4个月,因"呕吐、气促、惊厥"就诊,代谢性酸中毒难纠正,家族史及出生史正常。尿有机酸分析提示3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸显著升高。HMGCL基因突变分析发现IVS3+1G>A纯合突变,此基因型为国内首次报道。结论3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸患者未及时治疗,可能导致死亡或严重的代谢性脑病。尿有机酸分析提示3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸升高可以帮助筛查本病。基因诊断可以进一步明确诊断,有利于3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸家系进行遗传咨询。
桡尺远侧关节不稳的研究进展

桡尺远侧关节(distal radioulnar joint, DRUJ)又称远端尺桡关节,是由桡骨的乙状切迹和尺骨小头、尺骨小头和三角纤维软骨复合体(triangular fibrocartilage complex, TFCC)组成的双枢滑膜关节。和近端桡尺关节、前臂骨间膜共同连接尺、桡骨,承担前臂旋转活动和腕关节桡尺偏的侧方活动,还能传导关节间的负荷[1]。DRUJ不稳是一个常见的临床问题,本文总结国内外文献的相关研究,对DRUJ的解剖基础、诊断依据、损伤分型、治疗进展及问题与展望作一综述。
Automatic malware classification and new malware detection using machine learning

The explosive growth of malware variants poses a major threat to information security. Traditional anti-virus systems based on signatures fail to classify unknown malware into their corresponding families and to detect new kinds of malware programs. Therefore, we propose a machine learning based malware analysis system, which is composed of three modules: data processing, decision making, and new malware detection. The data processing module deals with gray-scale images, Opcode n-gram, and import functions, which are employed to extract the features of the malware. The decision-making module uses the features to classify the malware and to identify suspicious malware. Finally, the detection module uses the shared nearest neighbor(SNN) clustering algorithm to discover new malware families. Our approach is evaluated on more than 20 000 malware instances, which were collected by Kingsoft, ESET NOD32, and Anubis. The results show that our system can effectively classify the unknown malware with a best accuracy of 98.9%, and successfully detects 86.7% of the new malware.
Bipolar Neutrosophic Planar Graphs

Fuzzy graph theory is used for solving real-world problems in different fields, including theoretical computer science, engineering, physics, combinatorics and medical sciences. In this paper, we present conepts of bipolar neutrosophic multigraphs, bipolar neutrosophic planar graphs, bipolar neutrosophic dual graphs, and study some of their related properties. We also describe applications of bipolar neutrosophic graphs in road network and electrical connections.
Thermal recovery process of a backfilled open-pit in permafrost area at the Gulian strip coal mine in Northeast China

Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth (BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature (BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years after backfilling (BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario (CWS) of 0.025°C·year~(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.
Coordinate difference homogenization matching method for motion correction in 3D range-intensity correlation laser imaging

This Letter proposes a coordinate difference homogenization matching method to solve motion influence in three-dimensional(3D) range-intensity correlation laser imaging. Firstly, features and feature pairs of gate images are obtained by speeded-up robust figures and bi-directional feature matching methods. The original mean value of the feature-pair coordinate differences is calculated. Comparing the coordinate differences with the original mean value, the wrong feature pairs are removed, and then an optimized mean value is updated. The final feature-pair coordinates are re-registered based on the updated mean value. Thus, an accurate transformation is established to rectify motion gate images for 3D reconstruction. In the experiment, a 3D image of a tower at 780 m is successfully captured by our laser gated imaging system on a pan-tilt device.
Reducing the stray light of holographic gratings by shifting the substrate a short distance in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the exposure interference fringes

This research proposes a simple and practical method to make low-stray-light gratings, where the substrate shifts about a 1 mm distance in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the exposure interference fringes. When the substrate shifts, a reference grating next to the substrate is used to adjust in real time the phase of the exposure interference fringes relative to the substrate. Shifting eliminates the exposure defects and therefore decreases the stray light of gratings. Several gratings are successfully made by using this method, which have straighter grooves, smoother surfaces, and lower stray light than gratings made in conventional interference lithography.
去漠河看"极光"?

漠河,北极村,中国纬度最北的地方,外加神秘的大兴安岭森林和中俄界河黑龙江(俄罗斯称为阿穆尔河),近几年已经成为了中国人的一个旅游胜地。去漠河固然可以欣赏大兴安岭的巍峨、去中国的最北端北极村去"找到北",但不可否认的是很多人还是冲着传说中的"北极光"去的。但是,我不得不对冲着观赏"极光"的人说一句:在漠河和北极村看见极光的可能性非常小!此等"艳遇"是可遇不可求的奢望。
五脏者气化之器也

中西医内脏目视所指相同或相近,但概念却有根本差异,中医五脏概念是困扰业界一个世纪的难解谜团。故重点剖析五脏概念形成的过程、方法和概念内涵,提出古人对五脏的认识,即从脏之形器入手,取其物象而比类,由意象而法象,是一个特有的功能概念,并进入精气-阴阳-五行推理模式,形成五脏理论。因其由器而名,行气化之实,而其实又寄之于器,故五脏可称气化之器。此外,还对气化之器的名实作了深度理论解析和临证实用之探讨,指出"气化之器"重在气化,而"器"之意则使功能稳定化、结构化,因而五脏是一种结构性功能概念,其实质属于系统概念,并成为中医系统生命观的核心。至于应用既可引导我们运用"以象"法则熟练、准确地辨识五脏的病机、病证,提高诊治水平,又有助于深入把握生命的气化法则,升华业界的医学境界。
前纵隔静脉性血管瘤影像表现一例

纵隔静脉性血管瘤无典型表现时诊断本病困难。当中青年患者CT检查发现纵隔软组织肿块伴其内静脉石,增强不或轻度强化,或不均匀持续性强化,与邻近血管可见异常通路,可诊断纵隔静脉性血管瘤。
Commentary on "Psychiatry and Cinema: What can We Learn from the Magical Screen?"

Filmmakers describe mental illnesses in different ways and show morbid mental phenomena using different film vocabularies. This process is almost as long as the film's course. After all, film is about ideology. Metaphysically, there cannot be a lack of emotion and spirit, and the emotion towards morbidity and spiritual expression cannot be missing. It is the same as all the relationships between narrators and the ones being narrated, the one who was narrated in the narrator's mouth reflects the one being narrated himself and also brands the narrator's own shadow. This is like the relationship of a mirror and the person who looks into the mirror. The image in the mirror reflects the person who looks into the mirror and shows many characteristics of the mirror such as diopter and focalization. However, the mirror does not know about it; the narrator might not know about it as well. Since the objects described are themselves as well as their own way of thinking and the expression of their emotional state, seeing the psychotic patient described by a filmmaker one can catch a glimpse of the filmmaker himself and the cultural systems and ideologies that are embedded in them. This point will always be the source that is most interesting and most worthwhile to ruminate over when considering this topic.
China's Urbanization in 1949-2015: Processes and Driving Forces

The pace and scale of China's contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China's urbanization between 1949-2015. Contemporary China's urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces: 1) economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization (1949-1977); 2) economic reform and market- led urbanization (1978-1995); 3) economic globalization and the global-local urbanization (1996-2010); and 4) the land-economyled urbanization (2010-). These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have significant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.
原发性颅内多发生殖细胞瘤一例

颅内生殖细胞瘤是一种少见的原发性脑肿瘤,颅内多部位原发生殖细胞瘤则属罕见。本例经影像学分析并结合临床及实验室检查得以诊断,并经病理学证实。由于生殖细胞瘤对放、化疗均敏感,临床高度怀疑本病者可行诊断性放疗,确诊后,可予以放、化疗联合治疗,疗效良好。由于本例患者为颅内多发生殖细胞瘤,病灶较多,范围较广,故预后较差。
眼眶IgG4相关硬化性疾病的MRI表现一例

本例眼眶泪腺区IgG4-SD患者病程较长,临床表现为眼眶肿胀,MRI表现为等T_1、等T_2信号,DWI上病变轻度扩散受限,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化,边界较清,结合病史、病理、免疫组织化学及激素治疗有效,可以诊断为左眶IgG4相关硬化性疾病。
肺门局灶性Castleman病并周围淋巴结肿大一例

总结,肺门局灶性Castleman病虽然少见,但是当肺门区发现边界清晰软组织肿块,增强扫描呈显著持续强化,应考虑本病的可能,但最终确诊仍然需要病理。
手掌复杂性旋转撕脱离断再植成功一例

术后的康复训练是手术取得良好功能的关键。患者掌骨克氏针内固定限制了患者的手部早期主、被动锻炼,拔除克氏针后到康复科进行康复功能锻炼,对手部功能的恢复非常有帮助。但康复理疗应把握时机,过早易导致肌腱再次断裂,太晚则瘢痕粘连已形成,不利于患者的功能恢复。最好在术后4~6周拔除克氏针后就进行功能锻炼,远期功能恢复效果还需要随访指导观察。
游离(左足右母)甲瓣嵌合第二趾骨复合组织瓣再造拇指的临床应用

目的总结游离(左足右母)甲瓣嵌合第二趾骨复合组织瓣修复拇指缺损塑形再造拇指的临床经验。方法选择2012年10月至2016年4月收治的拇指缺损共10例,采用游离(左足右母)母甲瓣嵌合第二趾骨复合组织瓣再造拇指,术后随访观察拇指成活率、功能评定、外观满意度、指骨愈合时间及供区并发症。结果术后10例再造拇指全部成活;再造拇指功能按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准,功能评定优8例,良2例;外观满意度(94.40±3.31)分;指骨愈合时间(6.39±0.81)个月。结论游离(左足右母)甲瓣嵌合第二趾骨复合组织瓣修复拇指缺损塑形再造拇指,既改善了拇指的外形和功能,又降低了供区并发症,是临床上拇指缺损再造的选择之一。
腓动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足皮肤缺损13例

目的探讨腓动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复前足皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用。方法2011年1月至2015年12月,利用腓动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复前足皮肤软组织缺损13例,其中男8例,女5例,年龄22~56岁,平均39岁。创面面积3cm×4cm~5cm×8cm,均伴有骨、肌腱、神经、血管外露或损伤。结果所有皮瓣均顺利成活,3例于术后6个月行二次手术修薄。随访6~18个月,平均12个月,皮瓣质地、外观良好,皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~12 mm。 结论腓动脉穿支皮瓣质地良好,穿支血管稳定可靠,是修复前足皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法之一。
对医务界职称制度深化改革的期待

2017年1月中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了“关于深化职称制度改革的意见”(简称意见),时隔30年职称制度再次成为改革的焦点,广大科技人员,特别是一线医务人员对此充满热切的期待。该文件共分6部分,18条意见,最重要的改变是强调要克服唯学历、唯资历、唯论文的倾向,突出品德、能力、业绩导向,让广大科技干部有更多的精力与时间真正做好自己岗位上的本职工作,并要求3年内完成包括卫生系统在内的多个职称条例的改革。
山东省基层水利服务体系现状与分析

近年来,山东围绕提高基层水利公共服务水平,坚持把基层水利服务体系建设作为提升水利公共服务水平的基础环节、突出重点和当务之急,举全系统之力持之以恒打攻坚战,取得了显著成效。
A 3D multi-field element for simulating the electromechanical coupling behavior of dielectric elastomers

We propose a multi-field implicit finite element method for analyzing the electromechanical behavior of dielectric elastomers. This method is based on a four-field variational principle, which includes displacement and electric potential for the electromechanical coupling analysis, and additional independent fields to address the incompressible constraint of the hyperelastic material. Linearization of the variational form and finite element discretization are adopted for the numerical implementation. A general FEM program framework is developed using C ++ based on the open-source finite element library deal.II to implement this proposed algorithm. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy, convergence properties, mesh-independence properties, and scalability of this method. We also use the method for eigenvalue analysis of a dielectric elastomer actuator subject to electromechanical loadings. Our finite element implementation is available as an online supplementary material.
Effects of Lower Limb Alignment and Tibial Component Inclination on the Biomechanics of Lateral Compartment in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Lateral compartmental osteoarthritis (LCOA), a major complication after medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), is highly associated with the increased stress of the lateral compartment. This study aimed to analyze the effects on the stress and load distribution of the lateral compartment induced by lower limb alignment and coronal inclination of the tibial component in UKA through a finite element analysis. Methods: Eight three-dimensional models were constructed based on a validated model for analyzing the biomechanical effects of implantation parameters on the lateral compartment after medial Oxford UKA: postoperative lower limb alignment of 3° valgus, neutral and 3° varus, and the inclination of tibial components placed in 4°, 2° valgus, square, and 2° and 4° varus. The contact stress of femoral and tibial cartilage and load distribution were calculated for all models. Results: In the 3° valgus lower limb alignment model, the contact stress of femoral (3.38 MPa) and tibial (3.50 MPa) cartilage as well as load percentage (45.78%) was highest compared to any other model, and was increased by 36.75%, 47.70%, and 27.63%, respectively when compared to 3° varus. In the condition of a neutral position, the outcome was comparable for the different tibial tray inclination models. The inclination did not greatly affect the lateral compartmental stress and load distribution. Conclusions: This study suggested that slightly varus (undercorrection) lower limb alignment might be a way to prevent LCOA in medial mobile-bearing UKA. However, the inclination (4° varus to 4° valgus) of the tibial component in the coronal plane would not be a risk factor for LCOA in neutral position.
甲状旁腺功能减退症临床诊疗指南

甲状旁腺功能减退症(hypoparathyroidism,HP)简称甲旁减,是指甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)分泌过少和(或)效应不足而引起的一组临床综合征。其临床特征有低钙血症、高磷血症和由此引起的神经肌肉兴奋性增高及软组织异位钙化等,同时PTH水平低于正常或处于与血钙水平不相应的“正常”范围。
Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Patients' Tears Identifies Potential Biomarkers for the Traumatic Vegetative State

The vegetative state is a complex condition with unclear mechanisms and limited diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic methods.In this study,we aimed to explore the proteomic profile of tears from patients in a traumatic vegetative state and identify potential diagnostic markers using tears—a body fluid that can be collected noninvasively.Using iTRAQ quantitative proteomic technology,in the discovery phase,tear samples collected from 16 patients in a traumatic vegetative state and 16 normal individuals were analyzed.Among 1080 identified tear proteins,57 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated in the patients compared to the controls.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially-expressed proteins were mainly involved in the wound response and immune response signaling pathways.Furthermore,we verified the levels of 7 differentially-expressed proteins in tears from 50 traumatic vegetative state patients and 50 normal controls(including the samples used in the discovery phase) using ELISA.The results showed that this 7-protein panel had a high discrimination ability for traumatic vegetative state(area under the curve = 0.999).In summary,the altered tear proteomic profile identified in this study provides a basis for potential tear protein markers for diagnosis and prognosis of the traumatic vegetative state and also provides novel insights into the mechanisms of traumatic vegetative state.
Narrow-wavelength-spread spectral combining laser with a reflector for a double pass with a single grating

We proposed a novel wavelength-spread compression technique for spectral beam combining of a diode laser array. A reflector, which is parallel to the grating, is introduced to achieve a double pass with a single grating. This facilitated the reduction of the wavelength spread by half and doubled the number of combined elements in the gain range of the diode laser. We achieved a power of 26.1 W under continuous wave operation using a 19 element single bar with a wavelength spread of 6.3 nm, which is nearly half of the original wavelength spread of 14.2 nm, demonstrating the double-compressed spectrum capability of this structure. The spectral beam combining efficiency was 63.7%. The grating efficiency and reflector reflectance were both over 95%; hence, the efficiency loss of the double-pass grating with a reflector is acceptable. In contrast to double-grating methods, the proposed method introduces a reflector that efficiently uses the single grating and shows significant potential for a more efficient spectral beam combining of diode laser arrays.
Hybrid fiber Bragg grating sensor for vibration and temperature monitoring of a train bearing

We report a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensor for the simultaneous measurement of a train bearing's vibration and temperature. A pre-stretched optical fiber with an FBG and a mass is designed for axial vibration sensing. Another multiplexed FBG is embedded in a selected copper-based alloy with a high thermal expansion to detect temperature. Experiments show that the sensor possesses a high resonant frequency of 970 Hz, an acceleration sensitivity of 27.28 pm/g, and a high temperature sensitivity of 35.165 pm/℃. A resonant excitation test is also carried out that demonstrates the robustness and reliability of the sensor.
慢性伤口细菌生物膜研究进展

慢性伤口因持续时间长、影响因素复杂而易发感染甚至生成细菌生物膜,主要表现为伤口反复感染、耐药性明显增强以及抗生素不能有效清除等特点,增加了伤口护理的难度,影响愈合效果。慢性伤口临床上常见于皮肤压力性损伤、下肢动静脉溃疡、糖尿病足溃疡等。了解细菌生物膜的形成和作用机制、识别细菌生物膜及其病原菌是临床进行有效护理干预的前提。为此,本文就慢性伤口细菌生物膜的形成机制、特征、诊断、对伤口愈合的影响及诊疗护理对策等进行综述,以期为临床慢性伤口的护理提供一定参考。
常用质子泵抑制剂配伍稳定性文献分析

为了探讨临床常用质子泵抑制剂与溶媒及药物配伍的稳定性,本文对2007—2017年国内期刊发表质子泵抑制剂的配伍文献进行了整理归纳。结果表明,注射用奥美拉唑钠、注射用泮托拉唑钠和注射用兰索拉唑与多种药物存在配伍禁忌,临床应用0.9%氯化钠注射液作溶媒4h内使用,避免与其他药物同瓶配伍,序贯输注时应冲洗输液管路。
HIV感染并存非小细胞肺癌手术患者的预见性护理

目的探讨HIV感染并存非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)手术患者预见性护理的临床效果。方法按住院时间将24例HIV感染并存NSCLC患者分为对照组12例,行常规护理;观察组12例,行预见性护理。比较两组术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间、胸腔引流时间和胸腔引流量。结果观察组术后并发症、住院时间、胸腔引流时间和引流量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P< 0.05)。结论对HIV感染并存NSCLC患者实施预见性护理临床效果较好,可降低术后并发症发生率,缩短术后住院时间、带管时间,有助于提高患者生活质量。
神经外科手术患者围术期血糖监测管理

目的探讨围术期血糖监测管理对神经外科手术患者血糖、并发症的影响,以促进患者术后快速康复。方法选取2016年9~ 12月53例神经外科手术患者作为对照组,按常规外科手术管理模式实施围术期护理;选取2017年1~4月53例神经外科手术患者作为观察组,实施针对性围术期血糖管理模式。比较两组血糖管理效果、住院时间、医院感染率及病死率。结果干预后两组血糖管理效果、平均血糖值和住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);两组医院感染率及病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论应用围术期血糖监测管理可有效降低患者高血糖和低血糖的发生频率,减少血糖的异常波动,降低医院感染率及病死率,缩短住院时间,显著提升血糖管理质量。
婴儿期启动抗病毒治疗对人类免疫缺陷病毒的病毒学及免疫学影响

母婴阻断可显著减少新生儿感染HIV,当感染孕妇未能得到及时和有效的治疗时,仍可发生新生儿感染HIV,据统计2016年全球母婴传播感染约16万。与成人不同,婴儿阶段胸腺含高比例的CD4+ T淋巴细胞,因此感染HIV的新生儿早期病毒快速复制、病毒载量高于成人。文献报道,约23%的感染者在1岁以内可进展到艾滋病期,1岁时患儿病死率可达35%,2岁时病死率可达53%。研究显示,婴儿期尽早确诊并开始抗反转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral treatment,ART),可使病死率降低44%~75%。2015年WHO建议所有HIV感染婴幼儿均应及时启动ART。目前,婴儿期的治疗方案大多采用两种核苷类反转录酶抑制剂加一种非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂或一种蛋白酶抑制剂,其中核苷类反转录酶抑制剂以齐多夫定+拉米夫定为主,非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂以奈韦拉平为主,蛋白酶抑制剂则以利托那韦增效的洛匹那韦(洛匹那韦/利托那韦)为主。