mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Second-order Sliding Mode Control of DFIG Based Variable Speed Wind Turbine for Maximum Power Point Tracking

This paper proposes a super-twisting second order sliding mode control scheme to maximize the wind energy capture of a doubly fed induction generator based variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) system, and minimize the reactive power simultaneously. Two second order sliding mode controllers are designed to achieve the control objectives, reduce mechanical stress and improve control accuracy. By regulating the generator rotor voltage, one controller makes the wind turbine rotor speed track the optimal speed, which can maximize power generation. The other maintains the rotor current at rated value to minimize the reactive power. A quadratic form Lyapunov function is adopted to determine the range of controller parameters and guarantee the finite time stability. Simulation results on a 1.5 MW doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based variable speed wind turbine demonstrate the validity of the proposed control strategy.
A Model Predictive Control Based Distributed Coordination of Multi-microgrids in Energy Internet

This paper focuses on the development of optimization-based distributed scheduling strategies for the coordination of an energy internet (EI) with multi-microgrids with consideration of forecast uncertainties. All microgrids have flexible loads, schedulable loads and critical loads; some microgrids have distributed generators, such as micro-turbines, wind turbines, photovoltaic panels; besides, a few microgrids have energy storage devices, such as battery storage. Each microgrid is considered as an individual entity and has its individual objective, these objective functions of microgrids are formulated by mixed integer programming (MIP) models. A game theory based parallel distributed optimization algorithm is proposed to coordinate the competitive objectives of the microgrids with only a little information interaction. A model predictive control (MPC) framework which integrates the distributed optimization algorithm is developed to reduce the negative impacts introduced by the uncertainties of the EI. Simulation results show that our method is flexible and efficient.
1例晚期肺纤维化老年患者肺移植术后早期运动的护理

报告了1例同种异体右肺移植术的晚期肺纤维化老年患者术后早期运动的护理经验。术后按计划给予免疫抑制药和抗感染治疗,根据患者的年龄和病情制订了早期运动干预方案,循序渐进地进行呼吸肌、四肢以及全身功能运动训练,辅以无创通气和给氧治疗以提高运动锻炼的效果。患者术后恢复良好,术后第7天可下床活动,第10天可自行走动,早期运动干预取得了较好的效果。肺移植术后的康复管理是手术成功和患者长期生存的关键,早期运动干预能够促进肺纤维化患者肺移植术后的康复。
食管狭窄、并趾、皮肤损伤

食管狭窄常以吞咽困难起病,病因多样。较为常见的如GERD,为长期胃酸反流所致的并发症。除GERD外,还有许多其他病因,例如系统性硬化病、佐林格-埃利森综合征、感染性食管炎、食管癌、腐蚀性食管炎、放射线暴露等,均可能导致食管狭窄。大疱性表皮松解症(epidermolysis bullosa, EB)为少见的遗传性疾病,多数在婴幼儿时期发病,其引起的食管狭窄并发症更少见,难以引起消化科临床医师的重视。现回顾分析北京协和医院1例以食管狭窄为主要表现的EB患者的病例资料,并探讨其诊断和治疗情况。
Rear-Surface Deformation of a Water Drop in Aero-Breakup of Shear Mode

Deformation of water drops in shock-induced high-speed flows is investigated with a focus to the influence of primitive flow parameters on the rear-surface deformation features. Two typical deformation patterns are discovered through high-speed photography. A simple equation to evaluate the radial acceleration of the drop surface is derived. The combined use of this equation and outer flow simulation makes it possible for us to reconstruct the profiles of the early deformed drops. The results agree well with the experiments. Further analysis shows that the duration of flow establishment with respect to the overall breakup time shapes the rear side profile of the drop. Thereby the ratio of the two times, expressed as the square root of the density ratio,appears to be an effective indicator of the deformation features.
Asymmetric Decoy State Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Cryptographic Conferencing

Measurement-device-independent quantum cryptographic conferencing (MDI-QCC) protocol suggests an important scheme for practical multiparty quantum communication. As far as we know, MDI-QCC or MDI-quantum key distribution protocols always assume that the decoy state strategies used at each user's side are the same. In this study, to mitigate the system complexity and to improve the performance of MDI-QCC protocol in the finite-key case,we propose an asymmetric decoy state method for MDI-QCC protocol, and present security analysis and numerical simulations. From numerical simulations, our protocol can achieve better performance in the finite-key case. That is, with a finite data size of 1011, it can achieve nonzero secret key rate over 43.6 km.
Source Range Estimation Based on Pulse Waveform Matching in a Slope Environment

An approach of source range estimation in an ocean environment with sloping bottom is presented. The approach is based on pulse waveform correlation matching between the received and simulated signals. An acoustic propagation experiment is carried out in a slope environment. The pulse signal is received by the vertical line array, and the depth structure can be obtained. For the experimental data, the depth structures of pulse waveforms are different, which depends on the source range. For a source with unknown range, the depth structure of pulse waveform can be first obtained from the experimental data. Next, the depth structures of pulse waveforms in different ranges are numerically calculated. After the process of correlating the experimental and simulated signals, the range corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is the estimated source range. For the explosive sources in the experiment with two depths, the mean relative errors of range estimation are both less than 7%.
开展经肛全直肠系膜切除术的条件和经验

自2010年美国的Sylla报道首例腹腔镜辅助经肛门手术治疗直肠癌成功之后,短短的几年时间里,在低位直肠癌治疗中,由于该术式能很好地弥补现有经腹术式在处理位于狭窄骨盆中下段直肠的缺点,因此受到全球直肠癌外科治疗领域的关注。对于经肛全直肠系膜切除术(transanaltotal mesorectal excision, TaTME)这样一种新型手术入路,现根据我们自己的体会,谈谈开展的条件和经验,以帮助同道尽可能缩短学习曲线。
系统性红斑狼疮罕见并发症乳糜腹水并脾梗死1例

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种弥漫性的自身免疫性疾病,常累及皮肤黏膜、心脏、肾脏、消化系统、血液系统、神经系统及出现多浆膜腔积液,临床表现多样,但合并乳糜性腹水及脾梗死罕见。现报道1例以引起临床医师的重视,提高临床诊治。
《急诊危重症患者院内转运共识》解读--标准化分级转运方案的实施

急诊危重症患者院内诊疗过程面临着各种类型转运(如检查、转科等),成功转运对降低急诊危重症患者病死率具有积极意义。由于急诊危重症患者病情危重、病情变化快、需要生命支持手段,因此转运难度大,转运风险高。鉴于急诊危重症患者的特点及急诊院内转运的临床实践,急诊危重症患者院内转运共识专家组于本期发布了《急诊危重症患者院内转运共识-标准化分级转运方案》 (以下简称“共识”),以期规范及优化急诊危重症患者院内转运流程,保证院内转运安全。“共识”明确了院内分级转运的概念、特点、原则、标准及流程,现结合临床案例进行详细剖析与解读。
肺纤维平滑肌瘤性错构瘤1例

大多数PLH生长较为缓慢,增殖活性也较低,根据肿瘤大小、部位,可选择采取支气管镜圈套或者肺叶楔形切除法进行治疗。复习相关文献,大多数患者手术切除后,均未出现复发或转移,生物学过程呈良性,预后好。本例患者术后随访7个月,无复发或转移。
桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤14例临床病理观察

目的探讨桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto's thyroiditis, HT)合并甲状腺原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(primary thyroid no- Hodgkin's lymphoma,PTNHL)的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析14例HT合并PTNHL患者的临床资料、病理学及免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果14例HT合并PTNHL患者中女性11例,男性3例,年龄36 ~ 77岁,中位年龄61岁。患者均有颈部肿块病史,肿块近期迅速增大,B超示甲状腺低回声团块或混合性团块。术后病理检查示14例患者均在HT基础上合并了PTNHL,5例为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lympgoma,DLBCL) ; 5例为黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT)淋巴瘤; 1例为MALT淋巴瘤合并DLBCL; 1例为滤泡性淋巴瘤; 1例为MALT淋巴瘤伴浆细胞分化; 1例为外周小T细胞淋巴瘤;免疫表型: 14例CD45均阳性,CKpan、TG、 EMA残留甲状腺滤泡上皮阳性,13例CD20弥漫阳性,1例 CD3弥漫阳性。结论HT合并PTNHL临床罕见,好发于中老年女性,临床表现缺乏特异性,易误诊、漏诊,确诊依赖术后病理组织学检查及免疫表型。
股前外侧Flow-through游离皮瓣同期修复上肢Gustilo Ⅲ C型损伤患者的围手术期护理

目的总结股前外侧Flow-through游离皮瓣同期修复上肢GustiloⅢC型损伤围手术期的护理经验。方法对2013年6月至2016年3月收治的6例应用股前外侧Flow-through游离皮瓣同期修复上肢GustiloⅢC型损伤患者进行系统围手术期护理和观察:术前心理干预、皮肤准备、疾病宣教;术后体位护理、疼痛干预、康复指导、并发症预防,重点观察皮瓣血运变化及时发现血管危象。结果术后随访6~24个月,所有患者均保肢成功,皮瓣均成活,无感染、血管危象及深静脉血栓形成,供区无并发症发生。1例出现拇指指尖皮肤坏死,予再次清创后腹部带蒂皮瓣修复。结论制定周密的围手术期护理策略对股前外侧Flowthrough游离皮瓣同期修复上肢GustiloⅢ C型损伤患者皮瓣成活及功能恢复具有重要意义。
改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足跟部轮辐伤软组织缺损

目的探讨采用不携带小隐静脉和腓肠神经的腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足跟部轮辐伤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法自2013年1月至2016年6月,采用不携带小隐静脉和腓肠神经的腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣来修复足跟部轮辐伤软组织缺损14例,其中8例为摩托车致伤,6例为电动自行车致伤。用彩色超声多普勒确定靠近创面腓动脉穿支的穿出位置,穿支口径为0.7 ~1.0 mm,设计腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣,皮瓣切取不携带深筋膜、小隐静脉和腓肠神经,但皮瓣内保留小隐静脉和腓肠神经周围的营养血管网。皮瓣切取面积为8 cm×5 cm~22 cm×8 cm,皮瓣供区直接缝合。结果14例皮瓣全部成活,仅1例术后出现皮瓣末端部分坏死,其余创面均一期愈合。患者术后随访6~25个月,平均14个月。皮瓣质地、色泽良好,皮瓣蒂部和供区、受区外形满意,患者穿鞋不受影响,行走功能接近正常。结论改良腓动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣切取与旋转方便,皮瓣血供可靠,供区损害小,受区外观、功能改善,值得临床推广运用。
主动脉夹层腔内修复术前动脉管径测量的现状与展望

主动脉夹层是一种危及生命的急症,是主动脉疾病中最为严重的一种。文献报道的主动脉夹层的发病率为每年(3. 0~3.5)/10万。主动脉夹层的发病及并发症的出现都极为迅速。研究显示,主动脉夹层若不得到有效的治疗,患者发病第1天中每小时的死亡率为1% ~2%,第1周的死亡率约为50%。目前,主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)是 B 型主动脉夹层的主要治疗方式,也经过研究和探索突破传统意义的禁区逐渐成为A型夹层的治疗手段之一。TEVAR术中所使用的血管腔内移植物需要以略大于主动脉管径的尺寸锚定于主动脉内,即为血管腔内移植物放大率。为了选择合适的主动脉腔内移植物的放大率,需要在TEVAR术前测量移植物锚定区域的主动脉管径,根据所测量的结果再选择合适的腔内移植物。在 CTA(computed tomography angiography,计算机断层扫描血管造影术)或 MRA(magnetic resonance angiography,磁共振血管造影)等影像学检查上进行的主动脉管径的测量是TEVAR术前主动脉形态评估的重要内容之一。主动脉管径的测量是血管腔内移植物放大率的基准,其准确性对于主动脉腔内移植物的选取至关重要,对于TEVAR手术的成败和预后也有着重要的影响。目前对于TEVAR术前主动脉管径的测量方法尚无统一的标准,现将主动脉夹层腔内修复术前动脉管径测量的现状综述如下。
In vivo retention of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application in mouse and rat models

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo retention capabilities of poloxamer-based in situ hydrogels for vaginal application with nonoxinol-9 as the model drug. Two in situ hydrogel formulations, which contained 18% poloxamer 407 plus 1% poloxamer 188 (GEL1, relative hydrophobic) or 6% poloxamer 188 (GEL2, relative hydrophilic), were compared with respect to the rheological properties, in vitro hydrogel erosion and drug release. The vaginal retention capabilities of these hydrogel formulations were further determined in two small animal models, including drug quantitation of vaginal rinsing fluid in mice and isotope tracing with ~(99m)Tc in rats. The two formulations exhibited similar phase transition temperatures ranging from 27 to 32 °C. Increasing the content of poloxamer 188 resulted in higher rheological moduli under body temperature, but slightly accelerated hydrogel erosion and drug release. When compared in vivo, GEL1 was eliminated significantly slower in rat vagina than GEL2, while the vaginal retention of these two hydrogel formulations behaved similarly in mice. In conclusion, increases in the hydrophilic content of formulations led to faster hydrogel erosion, drug release and intravaginal elimination. Rats appear to be a better animal model than mice to evaluate the in situ hydrogel for vaginal application.
Approaches to establish Q-markers for the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicines

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of Chinese people and is now gaining increasing acceptance around the global scope. However, TCM is confronting more and more concerns with respect to its quality. The intrinsic “multicomponent and multitarget” feature of TCM necessitates the establishment of a unique quality and bioactivity evaluation system, which is different from that of the Western medicine. However, TCM is investigated essentially as “herbal medicine” or “natural product”, and the pharmacopoeia quality monographs are actually chemicalmarkers-based, which can ensure the consistency only in the assigned chemical markers, but, to some extent, have deviated from the basic TCM theory. A concept of “quality marker” (Q-marker), following the “property-effect-component” theory, is proposed. The establishment of Q-marker integrates multidisciplinary technologies like natural products chemistry, analytical chemistry, bionics, chemometrics, pharmacology, systems biology, and pharmacodynamics, etc. Q-marker-based fingerprint and multicomponent determination conduce to the construction of more scientific quality control system of TCM. This review delineates the background, definition, and properties of Q-marker, and the associated technologies applied for its establishment. Strategies and approaches for establishing Q-marker-based TCM quality control system are presented and highlighted with a few TCM examples.
Anti-diabetic effects and mechanisms of action of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation JQ-R in vitro and in diabetic KK~(Ay) mice

Refined-JQ (JQ-R) is a mixture of refined extracts from Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae) and Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae), the three major herbs of JinQi-JiangTang tablet, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. The mechanisms by which JQ-R regulates glucose metabolism and improves insulin sensitivity were studied in type 2 diabetic KK~(Ay) mice and insulin-resistant L6 myotubes. To investigate the mechanisms by which JQ-R improves insulin sensitivity, a model of insulin-resistant cells induced with palmitic acid (PA) was established in L6 myotubes. Glucose uptake and expression of factors involved in insulin signaling, stress, and inflammatory pathways were detected by immunoblotting. JQ-R showed beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in a euglycemic clamp experiment and decreased fasting insulin levels in diabetic KK~(Ay) mice. JQ-R also improved the plasma lipid profiles. JQ-R directly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in insulin-resistant L6 cells, and elevated the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake with upregulated phosphorylation of AKT. The phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB α), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were also changed after JQ-R treatment compared with the control group. Together these findings suggest that JQ-R improved glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK~(Ay) mice. JQ-R directly enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant myotubes with improved insulin signalling and inflammatory response and oxidative stress. JQ-R could be a candidate to achieve improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Electrochemical determination of an anti-hyperlipidimic drug pitavastatin at electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically pre-treated polymer film modified GCE

An electrochemically pretreated silver macroporous(Ag MP) multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode(PAN-Ag MP-MWCNT-GCE) was fabricated for the selective determination of an antihyperlipidimic drug, pitavastatin(PST). The fabricated electrochemical sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The fabricated electrode was employed in quantifying and determining PST through differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry(DPAdSV) and CV. The electrode fabrication proceeded with remarkable sensitivity to the determination of PST. The effect of various optimized parameters such as pH, scan rate(ν), accumulation time(t_(acc)), accumulation potential(U_(acc)) and loading volumes of Ag MP-MWCNT suspension were investigated to evaluate the performance of synthesized electrochemical sensor and to propose a simple, accurate, rapid and economical procedure for the quantification of PST in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. A linear response of PST concentration in the range 2.0×10~(–7)–1.6×10~(–6) M with low detection(LOD) and quantification(LOQ) limits of 9.66 ± 0.04 nM and 32.25 ± 0.07 nM, respectively, were obtained under these optimized conditions.
超声引导技术在三叉神经阻滞中的应用

三叉神经阻滞广泛应用于区域麻醉及头面部疼痛的诊断与治疗。目前三叉神经阻滞的定位主要依靠X线或CT引导。超声引导技术因其不仅能显示骨性解剖结构,而且能够呈现周围软组织,从而提高了神经阻滞的成功率;此外超声引导操作简单、无放射线暴露的优点临床应用越来越广泛。本文将对超声引导技术在三叉神经阻滞中的应用进行综述。
嘉糯Ⅰ优721不同栽培密度下分蘖动态及成穗规律研究

以杂交糯稻新组合嘉糯Ⅰ优721为试验材料,设15.0万、22.5万、30.0万、37.5万穴/hm~2 4个栽插密度,研究该品种在不同栽插密度下的分蘖动态及成穗规律,考察分析穗粒结构特点及其对水稻产量的影响,得出栽插密度为22.5万穴/hm~2时嘉糯Ⅰ优721最适宜协调个体和群体之间的关系,分蘖能力最强,成穗率最高,能充分发挥该品种的高产潜力。
直播密度对杂交粳稻信旱优26产量及其构成因子的影响

通过不同直播密度处理试验,研究了信旱优26在河南信阳当地习惯施肥水平下,密度对其产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,实现信旱优26直播最高产量的密度为播种量46.2 kg /hm~2(165万基本苗/hm~2),最佳密度区间为播种量37.8 ~ 46.2 kg /hm~2(135万~ 165万基本苗/hm~2)。
施氮量对陵两优102群体结构和产量的影响初探

采用对比试验,研究不同施氮量(90, 120, 150和180 kg /hm~2)对机插双季早稻陵两优102群体结构和产量的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,陵两优102分蘖盛期提前,最高苗数增加,全生育期延长,成穗率下降,施氮量不足或过高都不利于高产。在本试验条件下,以施纯氮150 kg /hm~2处理群体结构较优,穗粒结构较佳,单产最高。
An Improved Quantum Differential Evolution Algorithm for Optimization and Control in Power Systems Including DGs

Differential evolution algorithm (DE) has been proved to be an effective way for solving the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) problem. As distributed generations (DGs) are introduced into the system, there is a certain impact on power flow and voltage of the power system, which affects the robustness and effectiveness of DE. On the basis of DE, aiming at its limitation of premature convergence and poor search ability, this paper discusses about how to improve it with quantum encoding and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and proposes a hybrid algorithm, which is called improved quantum differential evolution algorithm (IQDE). The idea of quantum encoding increases the individual diversity while the accelerating evolution operation of the onlooker bees improves local search ability of DE. At the same time, the random search operation of the scout bees improves global search ability of DE. In the last, the effectiveness of IQDE is verified by simulations on the IEEE 14-bus system and 30-bus system including DGs. The experimental results show that with less convergence time and smaller population size, IQDE can obtain an even or better optimization effect compared with DE and can be applied to ORPF problem of power system including DGs.
Application of Multi-model Active Fault-tolerant Sliding Mode Predictive Control in Solar Thermal Power Generation System

To address the stability of solar thermal power generation system which is characterized by the presence of random and strong disturbance, a multi-model active fault-tolerant controller is designed in this paper. Actually measured data is used to make fuzzy clustering, then multi-model of the collector subsystem is established through recursive least square method. A switching strategy based on the minimum cumulative error is applied to select the optimal control model online. In order to reduce the error caused by missing data, fault and strong disturbance in the process of building the multi-model, the adaptive prediction model of solar collector system is established. Active fault tolerant sliding mode predictive controller is designed to improve the tracking accuracy and robustness of the output. Finally, the validity and advantage of the proposed algorithm are verified.
Role of Related Regulatory Long Noncoding RNAs on Mammalian Spermatogenesis

Long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs) are transcribed by RNA molecules, which are longer than 200 nucleotides that lack an open reading frame of significant length and possess no obvious protein-coding capacity. Studies have shown that IncRNAs participate in many physiological processes such as gene imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. They regulate gene expression mainly through DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. LncRNAs can also affect the development of diseases, and they can be useful to diagnose and treat diseases. With the development of new sequencing and microarray techniques, hundreds of IncRNAs involved in spermatogenesis have been identified, but their functions in the testis are undefined. Herein, we will discuss the biology and regulation of IncRNAs, as well as the bioinformatics tools and searchable databases used to study them in the testis. We hope that this information will provide new insights in treating male reproductive diseases.
首次急进高原士兵心理应激特点及其影响路径分析

目的探讨首次急进高原士兵心理应激特点及其与觉察压力、心理资本的关系,分析其可能的影响路径。方法抽取首次急进高原士兵700名作为调查对象,运用军人心理应激自评问卷、觉察压力量表和心理资本量表进行调查分析。结果①有训练伤士兵心理应激得分显著高于无训练伤士兵(P < 0.01) 。经常参加娱乐活动士兵心理应激得分显著低于不经常参加娱乐活动士兵(P < 0.01) 。班长对普通士兵的管理方式为关心、比较关心时,心理应激得分显著低于不关心时(P < 0.01) 。高原知识掌握多的士兵心理应激得分显著低于掌握一般和掌握较差士兵(P < 0.01) 。训练期望高的士兵心理应激得分显著低于训练期望一般、无所谓士兵(P < 0.01) 。②心理资本在觉察压力各维度与心理应激间具有部分中介作用。心理资本在预测感与心理应激间的中介效应比为15.5%;在控制感与心理应激间的中介效应比为25.6%;在超载感与心理应激间的中介效应比为32.4%。结论首次急进高原士兵心理应激呈现一定的人口统计学特点,与觉察压力、心理资本关系密切,且觉察压力、心理资本是首次急进高原士兵心理应激的重要预测因素。
An experimental study: Integration device of Fiber Bragg grating and reinforced concrete beam for measuring debris flow impact force

The impact effect of boulder within debris flow is the key factor contributing to peak impact as well as to the failure of debris flow control work. So accurate measuring and calculating the impact force of debris flow can ensure the engineering design strength. However, limited to the existing laboratory conditions and piezoelectric sensor performance, it is impossible, based on the conventional measurements, to devise a computing method for expressing a reliable boulder impact force. This paper has therefore designed a new measurement device according to the method of integrating Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and reinforced concrete composite beam (RCB) for measuring the impact force of debris flows, i.e. mounting FBG on the axially stressed steel bar in the composite beam at regular intervals to monitor the steel strain. RCB plays the role of contacting debris flow and protecting FBG sensors. Taking this new device as the experimental object, drop testing is designed for simulating and reflecting the boulder impact force. In a series of impacting tests, the relationship between the peak dynamic strain value of the steel bar and the impact force is analyzed, and based on which, an inversion model that uses the steel bar strain as the independent variable is established for calculating the boulder impact force. The experimental results show that this new inversion model can determine the impact force value and its acting position with a system error of 18.1%, which can provide an experimental foundation for measuring the impact force of boulders within the debris flow by the new FBG-based device.
Effect of traditional management practices on woody species composition and structure in montane subtropical forests of Meghalaya, Northeast India

In Meghalaya, northeast India, the local people have the tradition of managing forest resources since early ages. The management practice varies and there are forests with high degree of protection, where no extraction (sacred forests) is allowed. There are also forests with moderate- level of protection and -extraction (reserved forests) as well as forests with low level of protection and open extraction (village forests). The present study was conducted to understand the impact of this traditional management system on the level of human disturbance, and on community composition and structure of the forests in Khasi hills of Meghalaya. The result revealed that disturbance index was low, whereas species richness, density and basal cover were significantly high in forests with high degree of protection (sacred forest) than those with low protection (reserved and village forest). Majority of endemic and threatened plant species were restricted to sacred forests as compared to the other forest types. Though these practices have ensured the sustainable use of forest resources by the local people but due to increased human- pressure and -disturbances, more effective conservation strategies need to be undertaken. Therefore, providing alternatives for fuel wood to local people, environmental education, encouraging afforestation and developmental activities involving local communities are recommended.