mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Phytodiversity and medicinal plant distribution in pasturelands of North Western Himalaya in relation to environmental gradients

This study aimed at elucidating phytodiversity of pasturelands of North-western Kashmir Himalayan biotic province in relation to various environmental gradients, with added focus on assessing distribution of important threatened medicinal plant taxa across surveyed pasturelands. A total of 16 sites that spanned across a broad altitudinal gradient (2502-4120 m) were selected. Phytosociological data like density, cover, frequency and abundance of vascular flora were collected and processed using gradient analysis. Soil moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon, acidity and electrical conductivity, altitude, degree of slope and human disturbance were recorded from each site. Analysis of species composition showed a total of 293 species of vascular plants, belonging to 192 genera and 64 families recorded from surveyed sites. Rank abundance exhibited that majority of species are locally rare and patchily distributed, with over 60% of species recording frequencies between 0%-20% and none showing frequencies more than 80%. Species richness showed significant variations and ranged from 20 (Parihasmaidan) to 114 (Nagbarren) for macro and 3.53±2.11 (Thajwas) to 8.76± 1.01 (Marsar) for micro-scale of measurement. The Shannon- Wiener (H') and Simpson's diversity (D_s) indices also varied greatly and were recorded highest (H'= 2.76 & Ds= 0.36) for Marsar and lowest (0.87 & 0.62) for Parihasmaidan. The diversity attributes suggested that pasturelands with lower species richness and diversity on macro-scale were not always species poor and less diverse on micro- measurement scale. The life form groupings highlighted the hemicryptophytic character of vegetation and species with highest importance value index were Sibbaldia cuneata (5.71), Rumex nepalensis (2.89), Juniperus wallichiana (2.88), Cynodon dactylon (2.83), Poa annua (2.49) and Sambucus wightiana (2.41). The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that effect of altitude and anthropogenic disturbance was overriding and among various environmental factors, species distribution was mainly correlated with altitude along first canonical axis, while to second axis anthropogenic disturbances were important. Using generalized additive model, these variables also appeared as significant predictors for distribution of various threatened taxa. The findings of this study may thus help in evolving an appropriate strategy and an ecological management tool for long term conservation and management of these mountain ecosystems.
Plant water use strategies in the Shapotou artificial sand-fixed vegetation of the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert, northwestern China

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ~(18)O and δD) of plant xylem water and its potential water sources can provide new information for studying water sources, competitive interactions and water use patterns of plants. The contributions of different water sources to three plants, Hedysarum scoparium (HS), Caragana Korshinskii (CK) and Artemisia ordosica (AO), were investigated in the artificial sand-fixed vegetation of Shapotou, the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert of northwestern China, based on meteorological data and δ~(18)O and δD values of precipitation, groundwater, soil water and xylem water of HS, CK and AO. Our results indicated that soil water infiltration through precipitation was the main water source of the artificial sand-fixed vegetation. Obvious differences in soil water content and in δ~(18)O of soil water and xylem water were found among different seasons. No relationship was found between the δ~(18)O in plant xylem water and in soil water in January. The same water use patterns were found in CK, HS and AO in May, suggesting they have the same water sources. The different water sources of CK, HS and AO in August indicate that water competition occurred. In addition, the main water sources of CK, HS and AO in August mainly come from shallow soil water, while they use relatively deep soil water in May. This phenomenon is related to the differences of soil water content throughout soil profile, precipitation, transpiration and water competition under different growth periods. The water use patterns of CK, HS and AO respond to soil water content throughout the soil profile and their competition balance for water uptake during different growth season. The results indicate that these sandfixed plants have developed into a relatively stable stage and they are able to regulate their water use behavior as a response to the environmental conditions, which reinforces the effectiveness of plantation of native shrubs without irrigation in degraded areas.
Strong Laws of Large Numbers for Double Sums of Banach Space Valued Random Elements

For a double array {V_(m,n),m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1} of independent, mean 0 random elements in a real separable Rademacher type p (1 ≤ p ≤ 2) Banach space and an increasing double array {b_(m,n),m ≥ 1, n ≥ 1} of positive constants, the limit law max_(1≤k≤m,1≤l≤n) ||∑~k_(i=1)∑_(j=1)~l V_(i,j)||/b_(m,n) → 0 a.c. and in L_p as m ∨ n→∞ is shown to hold if ∑_(m=1)~∞∑_(n=1)~∞ E||V_(m,n)||~p/b_(m,n)~p < ∞. This strong law of large numbers provides a complete characterization of Rademacher type p Banach spaces. Results of this form are also established when 0 < p ≤ 1 where no independence or mean 0 conditions are placed on the random elements and without any geometric conditions placed on the underlying Banach space.
关于贯彻落实“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”的六项建议

自2013年11月十八届三中全会提出“建立国家公园体制”以来,中国在不到5年时间中,以国家公园体制建设为契机,在全面深化自然保护地体制改革方面取得了里程碑式的重大进展,为实现生态文明和美丽中国国家战略奠定了坚实基础。为了更好地贯彻落实十九大报告提出的“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”。
In-situ synthesis of TiO_2 nanostructures on Ti foil for enhanced and stable photocatalytic performance

TiO_2 nanostructures with strong interfacial adhesion and diverse morphologies have been in-situ grown on Ti foil substrate through a multiple-step method based on conventional plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)technology,hydrothermal reaction and ion exchange process.The PEO process is critical to the formation of TiO_2 seeding layer for the nucleation of Na2Ti3O7 and H_2Ti_3O_7 mediates that are strongly attached to the Ti foil.An ion exchange reaction can finally lead to the formation of H_2Ti_3O_7 nanostructures with diverse morphologies and the calcination process can turn the H_2Ti_3O_7 nanostructures into TiO_2 nanostructures with enhanced crystallinity.The morphology of the TiO_2 nanostructures including nanoparticles(NP),nanowhiskers(NWK),nanowires(NW)and nanosheets(NS)can be easily tailored by controlling the NaOH concentration and reaction time during hydrothermal process.The morphology,composition and optical properties of TiO_2 photocatalysts were analyzed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and UV–vis absorption spectrum.Photocatalytic tests indicate that the TiO_2 nanosheets calcined at 500 ◦C show good crystallization and the best capability of decomposing organic pollutants.The decoration of Ag cocatalyst can further improve the photocatalytic performance of the TiO_2 nanosheets as a result of the enhanced charger separation efficiency.Cyclic photocatalytic test using TiO_2 nanostructures grown on Ti foil substrate demonstrates the superior stability in the photodegradation of organic pollutant,suggesting the promising potential of in-situ growth technology for industrial application.
β-地中海贫血无创产前检测新进展

目前地中海贫血的产前检测技术主要有跨越断裂位点的PCR、PCR结合反向点杂交法、实时荧光定量PCR、基于实时PCR的溶解曲线分析技术、基因芯片、高通量测序技术等。本文综述近年来β-地中海贫血的无创产前检测技术的进展,为后续临床应用提供参考。
产前诊断18p嵌合型缺失胎儿一例

数据库检索提示,上述嵌合型缺失区域约包含144个基因,其中38个被OMIM数据库收录,与胎儿表型相关的基因有TGIF1、TWSG1、TYMS、 USP14等。这些基因的单倍性剂量不足将导致其表达下降,从而导致相关的畸形。
Ph_3P~+CF_2CO_2~-as an F~-and :CF_2 source for trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl halides

As trifluoromethylthiolation has received increasing attention recently, many CF_3S-reagents and trifluoromethylthiolation methods have been developed. Herein we describe trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl halides by using Ph_3P~+CF_2CO_2~-as a fluoride and difluorocarbene source. Difluorocarbene is a versatile intermediate, but its side reactions are usually ignored and the by-products would therefore be discarded. In this work, a side reaction of difluorocarbene, the generation of a fluoride anion from difluorocarbene, was developed into a synthetic tool. Although the trifluoromethylthiolation reaction involved multi-sequential steps, the cleavage of C-F bond, the formation of CF_2=S bond, F-C(S)F_2 bond, and C-SCF_3 bond, the conversion proceeded fast and was completed within 10 min.
Palladium-catalyzed late-stage mono-aroylation of the fully substituted pyrazoles via aromatic C-H bond activation

The palladium-catalyzed late-stage aroylation of 4-methyl-1,5-diaryl-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylates has been developed via direct and exclusive mono-Csp~2—H bond activation with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. A dual-core dimeric palladacycle is confirmed by X-ray single crystal crystallography, and probably serves as an active species in the catalytic cycle.
Synthesis of 1,2-phenylenedimethanols by base-promoted reduction of isobenzofuran-1 (3H)-ones with silane

An efficient method for preparation of substituted 1,2-phenylenedimethanols and aliphatic 1,4-diols that are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis, has been developed by the base-promoted reduction of isobenzofuran-1 (3H)-ones and y-lactones with silane under mild conditions. Compared with traditional procedures using stoichiometric amounts of metal hydrides and alkyl reductants, the present method avoids the use of sensitive reagents and is operationally simple and a broad variety of functional groups are tolerated.
A carbazole-hemicyanine dye based ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of bisulfite (HSO_3~-) in cells and C elegans

Bisulfite (HSO_3~-) is an important sulfur dioxide (SO_2) derivative, which plays a major role in many physiological processes and is also closely associated with a variety of diseases. Thus the development of highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes is essential to detect HSO_3~-in living cells. In this work, we report the synthesis and analysis of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of HSO_3~-based on the 1,4-nucleophilic addition reaction with the carbazole as an electron donor (D) and aldehyde group as an electron acceptor (A). The addition of HSO_3~-and other ions to our probe can be observed by UV vis and fluorescence spectrometry. Our investigation proved that the probe is highly selective and sensitive for HSO_3~-and ratiometric changes. Moreover, the probe has good cell permeability and was successfully applied to the detection of exogenous HSO_3~-in Hela cells and C. elegans.
A study of boundary vorticity dynamics and identification of large-scale structures in flow field based on two-dimensional flow around a bluff body

A method based on decomposition of acceleration field and Lie derivative is introduced to identify shearing and rotational domains. This method is validated on two typical kinds of model flows. Vorticity dynamics of flow around bluff body is studied, illustrated by numerical examples of flow around an elliptic cylinder, a slanted elliptic cylinder and an elliptic cylinder with a pair of bumps on the front side. To explain the generation of vortical structures and how they evolve into inner flow field, boundary vorticity dynamics analysis is performed. Boundary vorticity flux as well as the enstrophy diffusion flux creates vorticity sources and vorticity sinks, which generate or consume boundary vorticity, then shearing layers are generated and interact with each other finally create vortices. The results provide potential in accurate flow control by boundary deformation, and show that relevant theoretical conclusions can be effectively applied in revealing the flow mechanisms.
三例性侵害案件的现场分析

当前我国性犯罪发案量呈下降趋势,恶性案件大幅减少,同时“熟人性侵犯”占比呈上升态势,犯罪手段也表现出复杂化的趋势,如强制性暴力趋于淡化,即时通讯软件等科技的介入使得犯罪更加隐蔽,定罪量刑难度愈来愈大[1]。这些变化对使得法医人员在检验鉴定性侵害案件时面临着新的挑战,应不断拓展法医专业视野,创新发展,探索与其他专业警种的协作。
Vee-tail conceptual design criteria for commercial transport aeroplanes

Vee-tail configuration is an unconventional tail configuration for commercial transport aviation, the use of which could suppose reductions on CO_2 emissions. The conceptual design criteria have been selected inspired on the certification requirements established by the aviation regulation in force. They are static stability in cruise, control after Critical Engine Failure (CEF), control in crosswind landing, and trim in these three conditions. The study is carried out through a combination of semi-empirical techniques and Vortex-Lattice Methods (VLM) and thus this analyses the consequences of applying these criteria to a reference aeroplane substituting its conventional tail by a parametrised Vee-tail configuration. The Vee-tail is defined by four parameters: span, root chord, taper ratio and dihedral angle. The results of the study establish a relation between the parameters in order to accomplish the proposed conceptual design criteria. To sum up, minimum and maximum limits are obtained for dihedral angle depending on the combination of the rest of parameters. In addition, a design restriction to the yawing trailing-edge tail control is reached when the results are analysed, demonstrating that its minimum size must be between 60% and 80% of the half-span of the tail, depending on the Vee-tail geometry.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of 1,3-Dienes with Catechols

A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,3-dienes with catechols is developed using chiral pyridinebis(oxazoline) ligands. Various chiral 2-substituted 1,4-benzodioxanes could be synthesized with moderate to high yields and enantioselectivities from readily available starting materials. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a cascade Wacker-type hydroxypalladation/asymmetric allylation process.
A novel energy storage system incorporating electrically rechargeable liquid fuels as the storage medium

We propose a novel concept of energy storage that incorporates electrically rechargeable liquid fuels made of electroactive species, known as e-fuels, as the storage medium. This e-fuel energy storage system comprises an e-fuel charger and an e-fuel cell. The e-fuel charger electrically charges e-fuels, while the efuel cell subsequently generates electricity using charged e-fuels whenever and wherever on demand. The e-fuel energy storage system possesses all the advantages of conventional hydrogen storage systems, but unlike hydrogen, liquid e-fuels are as easy and safe to store and transport as gasoline. The potential efuel candidates have been identified to include inorganic electroactive materials, organic electroactive materials, and suspension of solid electroactive materials. In this work, we demonstrate an example efuel energy storage system for large-scale energy storage using inorganic e-fuels composed of V~(2+)/V~(3+)and VO~(2+)/VO~(2+)redox couples, and compare the performance of the e-fuel energy storage system with that of existing technologies. Results show that our e-fuel charger achieves a charge efficiency of as high as -94%, while the e-fuel cell is capable of delivering a peak power density of 3.4Wcm-2, which is 1.7 times higher than that of hydrogen fuel cells. More excitingly, the e-fuel energy storage system exhibits a round-trip efficiency of 80.0% and an electrolyte utilization of 83.0% at an ultra-high discharge current density of 1,000 mA cm~(-2), which are 19.9% and 67.3% higher than those of conventional vanadium redox flow batteries. This unprecedented performance allows a 27.0% reduction in the capital cost of the e-fuel energy storage system compared with that of vanadium redox flow batteries.
E-fuel system: a conceptual breakthrough for energy storage

The demand for renewables such as solar and wind power has become stronger than ever in the past few decades and their numerous advantages have nearly risen to the status of common knowledge. However, as solar and wind power are intermittent in nature, the electricity generated from these renewable sources only comprise a low fraction of global electricity production. Enabling the widespread use of renewables requires energy storage technology that is site-independent, efficient, scalable, stable, cost-effective, safe, energy dense and continuous in operation. To date, none of the existing technologies have adequately met the attributes necessary for storing intermittent and scattered solar, wind and other sources of renewable energy. Pumped hydro and compressed air are scalable and cost-effective, but are limited by geography and geology. Supercapacitors exhibit short response time and high power density, but have the disadvantages of low storage capacity and severe self-discharge. Lithium-ion batteries are efficient and site-independent, but safety becomes an issue when scaled-up. Redox flow batteries are scalable, site-independent and stable, but have low energy density and high capital cost. Next-generation solar or wind power systems must be able to store enough energy for several days to approximately one week, with or without connection to the electric grid. Converting electricity to chemical energy using chemical fuels as storage will fulfill this requirement. The hydrogen storage system is the most developed system based on this concept to date, which utilizes locally-generated hydrogen via electrolysis from solar or wind power as the energy carrier. Being combined with air or oxygen in engines or fuel cells, hydrogen can regenerate electricity on demand. However, the system is expensive, low in energy efficiency, and has a short lifetime.
China's participation in and contribution to IPCC

In 1988, the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)and the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)jointly launched the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)to bring together scientists recommended by governments to assess the impacts of global climate change based on published literature. Five assessment reports have been released so far. In 2018, it marks the 30th anniversary of IPCC. Its previous reports, which are a collection of the up-to-date findings in climate change science at global level, have undergone rigorous expert and government reviews, hence recognized as an important source of scientific input to the international community in its understanding the climate change issue and devising a mechanism in response to it. The findings on global warming in terms of authenticity, severity and urgency contained therein have contributed to the birth of such instruments as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol(KP)and the Paris Agreement(PA). At the same time, they serve to justify climate change policies and decisions at national level as a clearing house. In 2007, IPCC won the Nobel Peace Prize for its contribution to climate change response.
Necklace-like Si@C nanofibers as robust anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries

Silicon is believed to be a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries because of its highest theoretical capacity and low discharge potential. However, severe pulverization and capacity fading caused by huge volume change during cycling limits its practical application. In this work, necklace-like N-doped carbon wrapped mesoporous Si nanofibers(NL-Si@C)network has been synthesized via electrospinning method followed by magnesiothermic reduction reaction process to suppress these issues. The mesoporous Si nanospheres are wrapped with N-doped carbon shells network to form yolk-shell structure. Interestingly, the distance of adjacent Si@C nanospheres can be controllably adjusted by different addition amounts of SiO_2 nanospheres. When used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the NL-Si@C-0.5 exhibits best cycling stability and rate capability. The excellent electrochemical performances can be ascribed to the necklace-like network structure and N-doped carbon layers, which can ensure fast ions and electrons transportation, facilitate the electrolyte penetration and provide finite voids to allow large volume expansion of inner Si nanoparticles. Moreover, the protective carbon layers are also beneficial to the formation of stable solid electrolyte interface film.
Global warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost

The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating warming trend. The warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting, increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost degradation. Even without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that ‘‘warming” glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions.
Rechargeable battery operates at a record low temperature

Commercialized lithium ion batteries(LIBs)using intercalation compounds as electrode materials have found wide applications in kinds of portable devices and electric vehicles(EVs). Nevertheless, there is a common problem that the LIBs will lose most capacity and power with the sharp decrease of the electrolyte's conductivity when the working temperature lowers down below 0 ℃. As widely reported, only a low capacity retention of ~12% can be achieved for conventional LIBs at -40 ℃ compared to the normal capacity at room temperature. Although many efforts have been focused, the ultra-low temperature(below -40 ℃)operation of Li-ion full cells has rarely been broken through up to present. Recently, Yongyao Xia, Yonggang Wang and co-authors provided insight into the factor for the failure of rechargeable battery at low temperature, and achieved the successful operation of rechargeable battery at a record ultra-low temperature of -70 ℃ for the first time by taking an ethyl acetate(EA)-based electrolyte and organic electrodes materials.
Composition engineering of Sb_2S_3 film enabling high performance solar cells

Sb_2S_3 is a kind of stable light absorption materials with suitable band gap, promising for practical applications. Here we demonstrate that the engineering on the composition ratio enables significant improvement in the device performance. We found that the co-evaporation of sulfur or antimony with Sb_2S_3 is able to generate sulfur- or antimony-rich Sb_2S_3. This composition does not generate essential influence on the crystal structure, optical band and film formability, while the carrier concentration and transport dynamics are considerably changed. The device investigations show that sulfur-rich Sb_2S_3 film is favorable for efficient energy conversion, while antimony-rich Sb_2S_3 leads to greatly decreased device performance. With optimizations on the sulfur-rich Sb_2S_3 films, the final power conversion efficiency reaches 5.8%, which is the highest efficiency in thermal evaporation derived Sb_2S_3 solar cells.