mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of Optimized Root Water Uptake Parameterization Schemes on Water and Heat Flux Simulation in a Maize Agroecosystem

As root water uptake (RWU) is an important link in the water and heat exchange between plants and ambient air, improving its parameterization is key to enhancing the performance of land surface model simulations. Although different types of RWU functions have been adopted in land surface models, there is no evidence as to which scheme most applicable to maize farmland ecosystems. Based on the 2007–09 data collected at the farmland ecosystem field station in Jinzhou, the RWU function in the Common Land Model (CoLM) was optimized with scheme options in light of factors determining whether roots absorb water from a certain soil layer (W_x) and whether the baseline cumulative root efficiency required for maximum plant transpiration (W_c) is reached. The sensibility of the parameters of the optimization scheme was investigated, and then the effects of the optimized RWU function on water and heat flux simulation were evaluated. The results indicate that the model simulation was not sensitive to W_x but was significantly impacted by W_c. With the original model, soil humidity was somewhat underestimated for precipitation-free days; soil temperature was simulated with obvious interannual and seasonal differences and remarkable underestimations for the maize late-growth stage; and sensible and latent heat fluxes were overestimated and underestimated, respectively, for years with relatively less precipitation, and both were simulated with high accuracy for years with relatively more precipitation. The optimized RWU process resulted in a significant improvement of CoLM’s performance in simulating soil humidity, temperature, sensible heat, and latent heat, for dry years. In conclusion, the optimized RWU scheme available for the CoLM model is applicable to the simulation of water and heat flux for maize farmland ecosystems in arid areas.
Changes in Temporal Concentration Property of Summer Precipitation in China during 1961–2010 Based on a New Index

Based on the property of entropy, a new index Q was defined to measure the temporal concentration property of summertime daily rainfall in China, based on daily precipitation data collected at 553 observation stations in China during 1961–2010. Furthermore, changes in the temporal concentration property of summer precipitation in China were investigated. The results indicate that the regions with larger Q values were located in most parts of Northwest China and the north of the Yellow River, where daily precipitation tended to become temporally concentrated during the study period. On the contrary, smaller Q values were found in eastern Tibetan Plateau, southeastern Northwest China, and most parts of Southwest and South China. The most obvious increasing trend of Q index was found in South China and most parts of Southwest China, where precipitation showed a temporal concentration trend. However, a decreasing trend of Q index was found in Northwest China, the Tibetan Plateau, and the north of the Huaihe River. Variations of the Q index and the summer rainfall total during 1961–2010 in China both exhibited an increasing trend, implying larger temporal variability in rainfall attributes. It is illustrated that the summer precipitation in general became more temporally concentrated with more intense rainfall events and wetter days.
Progress in super-hybrid rice breeding

To meet the food demand of the Chinese people in the 21st century, a super-rice breeding program aimed at increasing rice yieldwas initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture of China in 1996. It is divided into four phases, with the following yield targets: 10.5 t ha~(–1) (phase I, 1996–2000), 12 t ha~(–1) (phase II, 2001–2005), 13.5 t ha~(–1) (phase III, 2006–2015), and 15 t ha~(–1) (phase IV, 2016–2020) [1]. The average yield of super-rice should be verified in two locations of 6.7 ha each in two consecutive years.
Transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular,triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties using DTM-FDM

This work focuses on transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular, triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties. A hybrid numerical algorithm which combines differential transformation (DTM) and finite difference (FDM) methods is utilized to theoretically study the present problem. DTM and FDM are applied to the time and space domains of the problem, respectively. The accuracy of this method solution is checked against the numerical solution. Then, the effects of some applicable parameters were studied comparatively. Since a broad range of governing parameters are investigated, the results could be useful in a number of industrial and engineering applications.
Natural frequencies analysis of a composite beam consisting of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam segments alternately

Present investigation is concerned with the free vibration property of a beam with periodically variable cross-sections. For the special geometry characteristic, the beam was modelled as the combination of long equal-length uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam segments and short equal-length uniform Timoshenko beam segments alternately. By using continuity conditions, the hybrid beam unit (ETE-B) consisting of Euler-Bernoulli beam, Timoshenko beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam in sequence was developed. Classical boundary conditions of pinned-pinned, clamped-clamped and clamped-free were considered to obtain the natural frequencies. Numerical examples of the equal-length composite beam with 1, 2 and 3 ETE-B units were presented and compared with the equal-length and equal-cross-section Euler-Bernoulli beam, respectively. The work demonstrates that natural frequencies of the composite beam are larger than those of the Euler-Bernoulli beam, which in practice, is the interpretation that the inner-welded plate can strengthen a hollow beam. In this work, comparisons with the finite element calculation were presented to validate the ETE-B model.
Production and genetic improvement of minor cereals in China

China is a leading country in the production of several minor cereals such as foxtail millet, Job's tears, naked oat, and naked barley. Sorghum and proso millet have also contributed greatly to Chinese agriculture. Foxtail millet, sorghum, barley, and proso millet were widely grown as major crops 60 years ago, and the reduction in their cultivation area reflects historical changes in Chinese agriculture over the past decades. Systematic germplasm collections from the 1950s to the 1990s gathered more than 66,690 accessions of these minor cereals, and for some of them, the Chinese germplasm collections are the largest in the world; for example, the 27,700 accessions of foxtail millet. Germplasm evaluations of each cereal species have focused mainly on drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and resistance to their main diseases. Comparisons among lines and selection of those with desirable traits were the main breeding methods for minor cereals in the 1950s and 1960s, but these methods were replaced by crossbreeding in the 1970s. Newly developed cultivars have greatly changed the production situation, and many super cultivars have become milestones in crop breeding history. In this review, we describe the distribution and ecoregions, origin and domestication, and landmark varieties of several minor cereals in China. Nearly all of the minor cereals are drought-tolerant and fertilizer-efficient. The requirements for environmentally friendly crops and a more diverse food supply for humans and animals provide new opportunities to cultivate minor cereals in the drier and warmer environmental conditions that are predicted in the future.
Bacterial graphical user interface oriented by particle swarm optimization strategy for optimization of multiple type DFACTS for power quality enhancement in distribution system

This study proposes a graphical user interface (GUI) based on an enhanced bacterial foraging optimization (EBFO) to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi-type DFACTS in large-scale distribution systems. The proposed GUI based toolbox, allows the user to choose between single and multiple DFACTS allocations, followed by the type and number of them to be allocated. The EBFO is then applied to obtain optimal locations and ratings of the single and multiple DFACTS. This is found to be faster and provides more accurate results compared to the usual PSO and BFO. Results obtained with MATLAB/Simulink simulations are compared with PSO, BFO and enhanced BFO. It reveals that enhanced BFO shows quick convergence to reach the desired solution there by yielding superior solution quality. Simulation results concluded that the EBFO based multiple DFACTS allocation using DSSSC, APC and DSTATCOM is preferable to reduce power losses, improve load balancing and enhance voltage deviation index to 70%, 38% and 132% respectively and also it can improve loading factor without additional power loss.
Effect of ferrite content on dissolution kinetics of gibbsitic bauxite under atmospheric pressure in NaOH solution

The dissolution property of high-ferrite gibbsitic bauxite and the effect of ferrite content on the dissolution kinetics of gibbsitic bauxites in sodium hydroxide solution under atmospheric pressure from 50 to 90 °C were systematically investigated. The dissolution property of high-ferrite gibbsitic bauxite is increased by increasing the dissolution temperature and the NaOH concentration or decreasing the particle size of bauxite, which is easy to dissolve under atmospheric pressure. The kinetic equations of gibbsitic bauxites with different ferrite contents during the dissolution process at different temperatures for different times were established, and the corresponding activation energies were calculated. The ferrite in the gibbsitic bauxite reduces the dissolution speed and increases the activation energy of dissolution, the diffusion process of which is the rate-controlling step.
Combination of Total Astragalus Extract and Total Panax Notoginseng Saponins Strengthened the Protective Effects on Brain Damage through Improving Energy Metabolism and Inhibiting Apoptosis after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice

Objective: To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of the combination between total Astragalus extract (TAE) and total Panax notoginseng saponins (TPNS) against cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, TAE (110 mg/kg) group, TPNS (115 mg/kg) group, TAE-TPNS combination group and Edaravone (4 mg/kg) group, treated for 4 days, then, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) ligation for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 1 and 24 h. Results: TPNS could increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, TAE and TAE-TPNS combination increased ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) contents and Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity, and the effects of TAE-TPNS combination were stronger than those of TAE or TPNS alone after reperfusion for 1 h. After reperfusion for 24 h, TAE, TPNS and TAE-TPNS combination significantly increased neurocyte survival rate and decreased the apoptosis rate as well as down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated c-June N-terminal kinase1/2 (p-JNK1/2), cytochrome C (Cyt C), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease (Caspase)-9 and Caspase-3. Furthermore, the effects in TAE-TPNS combination were better than those in TAE or TPNS alone. Conclusion: The combination of TAE 110 mg/kg and TPNS 115 mg/kg could strengthen protective effects on cerebral ischemia injury, the mechanism underlying might be related to improving jointly the early energy metabolism, and relieving the delayed apoptosis via inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of JNK signal transduction.
Effects of Cooling Paths on Through-Thickness Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Gauge X80 Pipeline Steel

The effects of various cooling paths on uniformity of through-thickness microstructure and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steel of 22.0 mm in thickness were studied. The finite difference method was employed to calculate the temperature field during cooling. It was confirmed by the experimental result and temperature field calculation that the optimizing process was achieved by the ultra-fast cooling with medium cooling capacity (cooling rate of ~23 K/s) followed by ultimate cooling capacity (cooling rate of ~50 K/s). After optimization, the experimental steel displayed much uniform microstructure and the deviation of through-thickness hardness was controlled within 20 HV. In addition, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the experimental steel were 621, 728 MPa and 21.5%, respectively, meeting the requirements of the API standard for X80 pipeline steels.
Effects of cobalt addition on microstructure and magnetic properties of PrNdFeB/Fe_7Co_3 nanocomposite

The permanent magnetic nanocomposite PrNdFeB/Fe_7Co_3 ribbons were prepared by directly quenching, and the microstructure and magnetic influence of composite materials with Co substitution were studied. The phase identification and the magnetic properties were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Microstructure observation was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallization temperatures of the hard magnetic phase and the soft magnetic phase were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results showed that Co addition improved the Curie temperature of magnets. When the ribbons were melt-spun at 35 m/s, the added content of Co was 4 at.%, and the magnetic properties were the best, which were remanence (B_r) of 0.379 T, coercivity (H_(ci)) of 344.4 kA/m, the maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_(max) of 32.6 kJ/m~3. Besides, the activation energy of each phase was calculated by Kissinger equation, which was 310.4 kJ/mol of Fe_7Co_3 phase and 510.2 kJ/mol of 2:14:1 phase, respectively.
Validation of material point method for soil fluidisation analysis

The main aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the modelling of vertical column tests that undergo fluidisation by the application of a hydraulic gradient. A recent advancement of the material point method (MPM), allows studying both stationary and non-stationary fluid flow while interacting with the solid phase. The fluidisation initiation and post-fluidisation processes of the soil will be investigated with an advanced MPM formulation (Double Point) in which the behavior of the solid and the liquid phase is evaluated separately, assigning to each of them a set of material points (MPs). The result of these simulations are compared to analytic solutions and measurements from laboratory experiments. This work is used as a benchmark test for the MPM double point formulation in the Anura3D software and to verify the feasibility of the software for possible future engineering applications.
Analyses of the stability of submerged ice blocks

This paper proposes the critical conditions for a submerged ice block beneath an intact ice cover to become unstable, as a fundamental component of any numerical model to successfully predict the ice jam formation or the ice jam release events. The flume model experimental and numerical simulation methods are both applied to analyze the stability of submerged ice blocks. The flume model experiment is first conducted, and the experimental results indicate that the influencing factors of the stability of a submerged ice block include the relative length, the relative water depth and the relative width. It was shown that the effect of the relative width on the stability of submerged ice blocks was not well studied. Based on the experimental results, the k -ε turbulence model is applied to establish a 3-D numerical model for studying the pressure distribution beneath submerged ice blocks. The effects of the relative width on the Venturi pressure and the leading edge pressure are evaluated. Finally, according to the force balance equation and the moment balance equation, this paper proposes a computational formula for the sliding and underturning critical conditions of submerged ice blocks, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
内外兼顾辨治梅核气

认为痰凝气郁为梅核气的关键病机,治疗梅核气的关键在于调气解郁,气机舒畅则痰郁自消。总结内外治结合辨治梅核气的具体思路与方法,即内服解忧舒喉方行气解郁化痰,同时配合穴位贴敷通过鼓舞人体阳气而通散郁结于咽喉的无形之气,并以艾醋舒喉汤热敷喉颈部以缓解咽部异物感。
经桡动脉与经股动脉路径进行冠状动脉介入治疗院内费用和预后差异的研究进展

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI),是经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉管腔,从而改善心肌的血流灌注的治疗方法。与传统经股动脉路径介入治疗(transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention, TFI)相比,经桡动脉路径冠状动脉介入治疗(transradial percutaneous coronary intervention, TRI)具有并发症较少,住院时间较短,且患者满意度较高的优势。由于目前尚不清楚接受这两种路径治疗的冠状动脉疾病患者住院期间费用及临床预后是否存在差异,评价TRI和TFI的卫生经济学效益和医疗结果的研究报道少见,因此,评价PCI患者中TFI和TRI的卫生经济学及医疗预后差异具有重要意义。本文通过对国际PCI的水平与现状、国内PCI的水平与现状以及中国TFI与TRI两种介入术式治疗的院内费用和相关医疗风险作一综述。
Role of duck plague virus glycoprotein C in viral adsorption: Absence of specific interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate

Many mammalian herpes viruses utilize heparan sulfate (HS) moieties present on cell surface proteoglycans as receptors for cell entry, and this process also requires viral glycoprotein C (gC) homologues. However, our understanding of the role of gC in facilitating attachment of other alpha-herpes viruses such as the duck plague virus (DPV) remains preliminary. To study the role of gC during DPV infection, we used a gC-deleted mutant virus (DPV-ΔgC-EGFP). Examination of the viral copy number by real-time PCR, as well as time course studies of viral adsorption and proliferation revealed that gC was involved in the viral binding to the cell surface. The affinity of viral glycoproteins (gB-DPV, gC-DPV, and gE-DPV) to HS was assessed using a prokaryotic expression system and HiTrap~(TM) Heparin HP column chromatography. In addition, to confirm that gC played a role in the interaction between DPV and HS, viruses were treated with the HS analogue heparin and host cells were treated with its inhibitors heparinase prior to exposure to DPV-ΔgC-EGFP or wild-type strain Chinese virulent duck plague virus (DPV-CHv). The effects of heparin and heparinase on virus infectivity demonstrated that function of gC on viral adsorption is independent of interactions between gC and heparin sulfate on cell surface. All in all, this study demonstrated that the gC of DPV can mediate viral adsorption in an HS-independent manner, which distinguish it from the gC of some other alpha-herpes viruses. Future studies will be required to identify the receptors involved in gC protein binding to cells. This work provides us a foundation for further studies of examining the roles of gC in the adsorption during duck plague virus infection.
Yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency of China’s super rice

In 1996, a mega project that aimed to develop rice varieties with super-high yield potential (super rice) was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) in China using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. Significant progress has been made in the last two decades, with a large number of super rice varieties being approved by the MOA and the national average grain yield being increased from 6.21 t ha–1 in 1996 to 6.89 t ha–1 in 2015. The increase in yield potential of super rice was mainly due to the larger sink size which resulted from larger panicles. Moreover, higher photosynthetic capacity and improved root physiological traits before heading contributed to the increase in sink size. However, the poor grain filling of the later-flowering inferior spikelets and the quickly decreased root activity of super rice during grain filling period restrict the achievement of high yield potential of super rice. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the high yield potential of super rice requires a large amount of N fertilizer input, which has resulted in an increase in N consumption and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), although it remains unclear whether super rice per se is responsible for the latter. In the present paper, we review the history and success of China’s Super Rice Breeding Program, summarize the advances in agronomic and physiological mechanisms underlying the high yield potential of super rice, and examine NUE differences between super rice and ordinary rice varieties. We also provide a brief introduction to the Green Super Rice Project, which aims to diversify breeding targets beyond yield improvement alone to address global concerns around resource use and environmental change. It is hoped that this review will facilitate further improvement of rice production into the future.
Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice

Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and rice quality, two japonica soft super rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 (NJ 9108) and Nanjing 5055 (NJ 5055), were used under seven N levels with the application rates of 0, 150, 187.5, 225, 262.5, 300, and 337.5 kg ha~(–1). With the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at 300 kg ha~(-1). The milling quality and protein content increased, while the appearance quality, amylose content, gel consistency, cooking/eating quality, and rice flour viscosity decreased. Milling was significantly negatively related with the eating/cooking quality whereas the appearance was significantly positively related with cooking/eating quality. These results suggest that nitrogen level significantly affects the yield and rice quality of japonica soft super rice. We conclude that the suitable nitrogen application rate for japonica soft super rice, NJ 9108 and NJ 5055, is 270 kg ha~(-1), under which they obtain high yield as well as superior eating/cooking quality.
Study on Magnetic Domain Structure of Co/Pt Dots Array

Co/Pt multilayer dots arrays with 580-nm periodicity were fabricated using Laser interference lithography (LIL) and an ion-beam milling technique. We obtained uniform dots arrays with a large area by optimizing the exposure parameters and improving exposure conditions. We obtained their shapes and magnetic domain structures and investigated using an Atomic force microscope (AFM) and Magnetic force microscope (MFM). The AFM and MFM images show: 1) when their size is smaller than 400nm, the dots are in single-domain state and their shape tends to be circular; and 2) when their size is greater than 400nm, the dots are in multi-domain state and they tend to form squares. The dots arrays possibly can be used in nano-scale magnetic storage.
High-Throughput Area-Efficient Processor for Cryptography

Cryptography circuits for portable electronic devices provide user authentication and secure data communication. These circuits should, achieve high performance, occupy small chip area, and handle several cryptographic algorithms. This paper proposes a highperformance ASIP (Application specific instruction set processor) for five standard cryptographic algorithms including both block ciphers (AES, Camellia, and ARIA) and stream ciphers (ZUC and SNOW 3G). The processor reaches ASIC-like performance such as 11.6 Gb/s for AES encryption, 16.0 Gb/s for ZUC, and 32.0 Gb/s for SNOW 3G, etc under the clock frequency of 1.0 GHz with the area consumption of 0.56 mm~2 (65 nm). Compared with stateof- the-art VLSI designs, our design achieves high performance, low silicon cost, low power consumption, and sufficient programmability. For its programmability, our design can offer algorithm modification when an algorithm supported is unfortunately cracked and invalid to use. The product lifetime of our design can thus be extended.