mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Trace fossils of an amalgamated storm-bed succession from the Jurassic of the Kachchh Basin, India: The significance of time-averaging in ichnology

The uppermost part of the Upper Bathonian Sponge Limestone member, Patcham Formation, of the Jhura Dome of Kachchh Mainland is a thickening- and shallowing-upward succession topped by medium- to thick-bedded hummocky cross-stratified grainstones deposited by storm waves. Occasionally, thin, commonly lenticular, intraclasticebioclastic silty marl intercalations between the grainstones are highly bioturbated, in contrast to the grainstones, in which, for the most part, trace fossils occur scattered. Large exposures of bedding planes of the grainstones allow the detailed investigation of ichnological features, whereas the high density of traces in the soft marls precludes the identification of any ichnotaxa. Eighteen ichnotaxa have been recorded including Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, Taenidium, Gyrophyllites, Chondrites, Dactyloidites, Teichichnus, Bolonia, and Ancorichnus. Except for Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides, which generally indicate moderate to high energy conditions and are the dwelling burrows of suspension-feeding to omnivorous crustaceans, the ichnotaxa represent a deposit-feeding behaviour of their producers and thus are characteristic of low-energy environments. The trace fossils form three ichnoassemblages characterized by(1) Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides suevicus,(2) ?Thalassinoides isp. A, Taenidium, and Bolonia lata, and(3) Ancorichnus. The dominance of traces of deposit-feeders in rocks indicative of high-energy events is counterintuitive and points to their non-contemporaneity. The sediments were deposited during brief highenergy events, whereas the trace fossils were produced when, after waning of storms low-energy conditions prevailed. This time-averaging is particularly pronounced in trace fossils that extend vertically downwards and may reach strata deposited under distinctly different conditions. Thus, environmental interpretations based on trace fossils should refer to colonisation surfaces rather than to the sediment surrounding the trace fossils. In the latter case, interpretations may be erroneous, especially when erosion subsequently destroyed sedimentary evidence of their original environment.
Quantum Polynomial-Time Fixed-Point Attack for RSA

Security analysis of public-key cryptosystems is of fundamental significance for both theoretical research and applications in cryptography. In particular, the security of widely used public-key cryptosystems merits deep research to protect against new types of attacks. It is therefore highly meaningful to research cryptanalysis in the quantum computing environment. Shor proposed a wellknown factoring algorithm by finding the prime factors of a number n = pq, which is exponentially faster than the best known classical algorithm. The idea behind Shor’s quantum factoring algorithm is a straightforward programming consequence of the following proposition: to factor n, it suffices to find the order r; once such an r is found, one can compute gcd (a~(r/2) ±1, n) = p or q. For odd values of r it is assumed that the factors of n cannot be found (since ar/2 is not generally an integer). That is, the order r must be even. This restriction can be removed, however, by working from another angle. Based on the quantum inverse Fourier transform and phase estimation, this paper presents a new polynomial- time quantum algorithm for breaking RSA, without explicitly factoring the modulus n. The probability of success of the new algorithm is greater than 4ϕ (r)/π~2r, exceeding that of the existing quantum algorithm for attacking RSA based on factorization. In constrast to the existing quantum algorithm for attacking RSA, the order r of the fixed point C for RSA does not need to be even. It changed the practices that cryptanalysts try to recover the private-key, directly from recovering the plaintext M to start, a ciphertext-only attack attacking RSA is proposed.
An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, Diachasmimorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world's worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with hostinfested artificialmedia within a “culturing bag,”which mimics a natural (fruit) oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collectedD. kraussii, the culturing bagmethodwas compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective “artificial fruits” attracting wild D. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild D. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.
Complex patterns of precipitation and extreme events during 1951-2011 in Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China

Sichuan Basin is located in southwestern China and affected by a complex water vapor(WV) sources. Here, the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and extreme events are investigated by six indices of World Meteorology Organization Commission, including annual precipitation total(AP), maximum daily precipitation(Max1d), intensity of rainfall over 1 mm/d(IR1), maximum and mean consecutive dry days(Max CDD, Mean CDD) and coefficient of variance. Based on 24 daily precipitation time series from 1951 to 2011, Mann-Kendall test is employed to quantify the significant level of these indices, from which the classification of precipitation change and its spatial patterns are obtained. Meanwhile, the probability distributions of these indices are identified by L-moment analysis and the Goodness-of-fit test, and the corresponding values are calculated by theoretical model at different return periods. The results reveal that the western basin displays normal drought: less AP and precipitation intensity while longer drought. The southern basin shows normal increase: larger AP and precipitation intensity but shorter CDD. However, in hilly region of the central basin and the transition zone between basin and mountains, precipitation changes abnormally: increasing both drought(one or both of Mean CDD and MaxCDD) and precipitation intensity(one or both of Max1d and IR1) no matter what the trend of AP is. Probability distribution models also demonstrate the complex patterns: a negative correlation between Max1d and Max CDD in the west(R~2≥0.61) while a positive correlation in the east(R~2≥0.41) at all return periods. These patterns are induced by the changes in WV sources and the layout of local terrain. The increase of WV in summer and decrease in spring leads to the heavier rainfall and longer drought respectively. The large heat island effect of the basin contributes to a lower temperature in transition zones and more precipitation in the downwind area. These results are helpful in reevaluating the risk regionally and making better decisions on water resources management and disaster prevention.
A different gut microbial community between larvae and adults of a wild bumblebee nest (Bombus pascuorum)

Although the gut microbial communities in adult bumblebees and their associated functionalities are widely studied, descriptive data on the larval gut microbiota are still limited. The gut microbiota of a fully sampled wild Bombus pascuorum nest has been characterized, using the multiplexed Illumina MiSeq 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing technique. The nesters and foragers inhabiting the same nest showed the typical core bacterial sequences and only marginal differences in their characterized gut microbiota. The gut microbial communities within the adult and larval specimens differed strongly, as the typical core gut bacteria in the adult bumblebees are absent in the larval bumblebees. The bacterial communities within the larval gut are dominated by bacterial phylotypes of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae, supplemented with genera belonging to Corynebacteriales and Bacillales. The function of this larval gut microbiota, being different from the adult, remains to be determined.
利用遥感技术监测天山中部冰川物质平衡变化

中天山是中亚最大的冰川中心之一,由于其周围大多是干旱地区,冰川融水成为主要的淡水来源.进入21世纪后,中天山南北增长的人口和腾飞的农牧经济对淡水资源需求更大,但中天山冰川却因气温上升而变得越来越不稳定.此外,冰川发生变化后还会引发一系列灾害.由于很多农牧民生活离冰川很近,冰川灾害的破坏性极大.针对中天山正在发生的冰川变化,应优化水文政策和增加防灾减灾措施以保护群众生命财产安全和维护地区稳定.这些工作的开展都需要基于冰川物质平衡变化信息,因此,研究中天山冰川物质平衡变化势在必行.借助光学遥感和合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)可以获得高时空分辨率和高精度的形变监测及地形测绘结果,在山岳冰川物质平衡变化研究中有着其他手段无可比拟的优势.
Suppression of backscattering induced noise by the sideband locking technique in a resonant fiber optic gyroscope

Polarization fluctuation induced noise and backscattering-induced noise are the dominant noises in resonant fiber optic gyroscopes. This Letter proposes a new method to suppress the carrier and backscattering induced noise by the sideband locking technique. Besides choosing an optimized modulation depth and different clockwise and counterclockwise modulation frequencies, the sideband is locked to the cavity resonance. With the proper modulation frequency, the carrier frequency component locates at a position far away from the resonant frequency, and then it is suppressed by the cavity itself, which can be taken as a bandpass filter. The amplitude of the carrier frequency can be suppressed by 20–25 dB additionally by the cavity and the total intensity suppression ratio can reach 115.74 dB. The backscattering induced noise can be eliminated for the adoption of different frequencies. The method can realize a stable and high suppression ratio without high requirements for parameter accuracy or device performance.
放射性空气采样器设计

针对目前应用的空气采样器使用问题,设计了一种便携式、大流量的放射性空气采样器,用来收集被污染空气中的放射性气溶胶、粉尘、碘和其他化合物,以进行放射性物质的浓度测定和核素分析。该设备以MSP430F5659为核心,采用多传感器融合监测技术对采样过程进行实时监测。用户使用及实验测试结果表明该设备的使用方便、性能稳定,流量性能高于国内外同类型产品。
一种新型蔬菜废弃物处理及资源再利用关键装备的研制

为了解决农村蔬菜废弃物对空气、水体和人居环境带来的污染,研制一种集高效、节能、环保、经济于一体的新型农村蔬菜废弃物处理及资源再利用技术装备,阐述了装备的工作流程、主要装备蔬菜废弃物粉粹机和固液分离机设计、关键部件的设计。试验结果,蔬菜废弃物经粉碎后成为1~3cm大小的块状物,在池中清洗后经脱水固液分离,含水率在50%~60%,分离后固体高温发酵处理得到饲料或有机肥原料,液体发酵后得到液态肥,实现资源再利用。
接地对电源端口端子骚扰电压测试的影响分析

首先对接地和电源端口端子骚扰电压的测试原理进行了介绍。其次,分析研究了接地方式对端子骚扰电压测试的影响,分别从接地点位置、接地线与电源线间距两个方面进行了实验验证。最后,在理论和实验基础上提出了一种对称接地思路,并进行了验证。结果表明,理论分析与试验结果具有较好的一致性,提出的接地方法可以有效减小接地对端子骚扰电压测试的影响。
儿童室间隔缺损介入术后洗肉水样尿2例报告

儿童室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect, VSD)介入封堵术后出现洗肉水样尿并不罕见,其病因常与术后残余分流、手术时间长、肾血管损伤、血栓及抗凝药物等有关,根据鉴别血红蛋白尿还是红细胞尿有助于明确病因。本研究从2014年1月至2017年1月共收集了在中山大学附属第一医院行VSD介入术后出现洗肉水样尿的2例患儿临床资料,通过总结分析临床特点,进一步深入探讨儿童VSD介入术后洗肉水样尿的病因及处理。
盛灿若教授针刺治疗三叉神经痛临证经验撷英

盛灿若教授是全国名中医、著名针灸临床家、江苏国医名师,南京中医药大学附属医院针灸康复科主任中医师,系属针灸大师承淡安所创“澄江针灸学派”(或称承门针灸学派)。从医近70年,目前仍工作在临床一线。他曾先后担任全国中医高校针灸教材编委,中国针灸学会理事,国家自然科学基金会评审委员,江苏省针灸学会副会长,江苏省中医医疗事故鉴定委员会委员等。盛教授长年整理古籍文献,博识群书,精益求精,积累了丰富的临床经验,别具匠心,取穴少而精,对神经系统疾病和疑难杂证尤其是三叉神经痛的治疗有独到之处。
2016年济南市大学生适应水平现状及影响因素

目的了解大学生的适应状况并分析其影响因素.方法于2016年采用分层整群抽样的方法,利用大学生适应量表和调查者自制的大学生基本情况调查表,对济南市2所综合性院校882名在校文理工医大学生的适应水平及影响因素进行问卷调查.结果大学生适应水平的平均分数为(111.23 ± 26.71).不同性别(F = 12.821,P< 0.001) 、年级(F = 19.744,P< 0.001) 、专业(F = 8.235,P< 0.001)的大学生在适应得分上差异有统计学意义,就读理想专业(χ~2 = 13.03,P< 0.05) 、父亲学历较高(χ~2 = 20.07,P< 0.05) 、与父母关系亲密(χ~2 = 14.39,P< 0.05) 、参加社团(χ~2 = 8.99,P< 0.05)的大学生适应水平较高.结论济南市女大学生适应水平高于男生;大一比其他年级更能适应环境;文科比工科学生适应水平更高;就读理想专业、参加社团活动、与父母关系亲密的学生适应水平分别高于就读非理想专业、不参加社团活动和与父母关系疏远的学生;父亲学历与孩子适应水平正相关.
我国心原性猝死的防治水平亟待提高

心原性猝死因其发病急、后果严重而严重危害人民生命健康。降低心原性猝死的发生率取决于对高危人群的早期识别和正确的干预。必须指出,目前我国心原性猝死的防治现状与先进国家存在较大差距。造成此种局面的原因是多方面的。从体制与政策方面来看,医疗卫生领域长期忽视公共卫生预防工作以及三级分诊制度失败无疑是重要的原因。其结果是,迄今我们对国人各种恶性室性心律失常的发病率和危险因素尚不清楚。
Sandwich mapping of rodent density in Jilin Province, China

Rodents are the main host animals that spread plague, and Spermophilus dauricus (S. dauricus) is the most common rodent in North China. In this study, a rodent density survey was carried out in China's Jilin Province from April to August 2005. Moran's I and semivariogram curves were used to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of the sampling data. We found that the spatial auto-correlation index was low and failed to generate a meaningful semivariogram curve. In this case, commonly used interpolators, such as kriging, were not suitable for mapping density over the study area. However, the Sandwich model, which is based on spatial stratified heterogeneity, could be applied to our data. Our results showed that the type of soil and land use significantly influenced the distribution of rodent density, and the interactive effect of these variables was much stronger than that of each variable alone. The Sandwich-estimated rodent density map showed that rodent density increased from the southeast to the northwest in Jilin Province. Finally, a framework of a rodent density survey using the Sandwich model was introduced.
Characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load from crop farming in the context of livelihood diversification

Based on objective data collected from interviews in typical villages of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the present study devised three livelihood scenarios related to rural transformation development: agriculturally dominant livelihood, multiple-type livelihood and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood. Moreover, the present study reports the trend characteristics of nonpoint source pollution load of crop farming in relation to the transformation of dominant livelihood types, and discussed the primary factors which affect livelihood type transformations. Results indicated the following: (1) The current farmland pattern shows a trend of diversification as self-cultivation, cropland transfer and fallow in the sample region. Dynamic characteristics of cultivated land present a special feature that is more “transfer-into” than “transfer-out”. Various scales of planting are represented among the various households, according to the following decreasing order: half-labor household > non-labor household > adequate labor household. (2) The highest pollution loading produced by crop farming occurs in half-labor households while the lowest occurs in non-labor households. With increasing labor, the pollution load per unit area tends to first increase and then decrease within families with enough labor. (3) As the type of livelihood transitions from agriculturally dominant to non-agriculturally dominant, the maximum reduction of total pollution loading produced by the agricultural industry can reach 72.01%. Compared to agriculturally dominant livelihoods, multiple-type livelihoods produce a pollution load reduction yield of 19.61%–29.85%, and non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods reduce the pollution load yield by 35.20%–72.01%. However, the rate of reduction of total nitrogen is not the same as total phosphorus. (4) The non-agricultural characteristics of labor allocation and income promote the transformation from dominant livelihood types to non-agricultural livelihoods, while potential revenue conversion follows a similar trend. In addition, different household types do not display identical conversion rates, according to the following decreasing order: enough labor household > half-labor household > non-labor household. (5) During rapid urbanization and the building of new industrial systems, the livelihood types of rural households have been further transformed to off-farm household types in the mountainous region; this process will lead to the further reduction of pollution load generated by planting and agriculture. Hence, significant decreases in the planting pollution load necessitate the development of control measures to enhance transformations from agricultural to off-farm livelihoods.
Spatio-temporal pattern changes of land space in Hengduan Mountains during 1990–2015

Hengduan Mountains offer land space for a variety of ecological services. However, the sustainable development and management of land space has been challenged by increased human activities in recent years. This paper performs the spatial pattern analysis of the quantitative and structural changes of various landscapes at different altitudes, and uses the land use data in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 to reveal how various land patterns have changed. The results show that, within the production-living-ecological space schema, the ecological space dominates Hengduan Mountains, while the production and living space was mainly distributed in south region. During 1990–2015, the production-living-ecological spatial changes had been gradually accelerated and the regional differences had become more prominent. The agricultural production space had continuously decreased by 1132.31 km~2, and the industrial and mining production space had rapidly increased by 281.4 km~2 during 1990–2015. The living space had steadily increased, and the ecological space had increased with fluctuations. The land space pattern in Hengduan Mountains was greatly restricted by the terrain, such as altitude and slope. The implementations of China Western Development Strategy and the Returning Farmland to Forest Program had favorably promoted the changes of land spatial pattern in Hengduan Mountains.
Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015

Based on TIMESAT 3.2 platform, MODIS NDVI data (2000–2015) of Qaidam Basin are fitted, and three main phenological parameters are extracted with the method of dynamic threshold, including the start of growth season (SGS), the end of growth season (EGS) and the length of growth season (LGS). The spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes are analyzed respectively. The conclusions are as follows: (1) SGS is mainly delayed as a whole. Areas delayed are more than the advanced in EGS, and EGS is a little delayed as a whole. LGS is generally shortened. (2) With the altitude rising, SGS is delayed, EGS is advanced, and LGS is shortened and phenophase appears a big variation below 3000 m and above 5000 m. (3) From 2000 to 2015, the temperature appears a slight increase along with a big fluctuation, and the precipitation increases evidently. (4) Response of phenophase to precipitation is not obvious in the low elevation humid regions, where SGS arrives early and EGS delays; while, in the upper part of the mountain regions, SGS delays and EGS advances with temperature rising, SGS arrives early and EGS delays with precipitation increasing.
Understanding spatial structures and organizational patterns of city networks in China: A highway passenger flow perspective

The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.
Increased lateral root formation by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of arginase genes in cotton

Proper development of plant roots is critical for primary physiological functions, including water and nutrient absorption and uptake, physical support, and carbohydrate storage (Zhang et al., 2010). Crop root systems act as the key organ for sensing and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Previous studies of crop root system development suggest that increased lateral root formation (LRF) could stimulate whole plant development, and ultimately increase crop yield. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the largest natural fiber crop, and its fiber is used as an important material around the world. Cotton has a typical taproot system which includes main and lateral roots; function of the root system is strongly affected by lateral root development. Improvement of lateral root formation could increase total root surface areas, potentially promoting growth of the whole cotton plant, and ultimately increasing fiber yields, especially under adverse conditions of drought and low soil fertility. Breeding new cotton lines with increased LRF traits, or larger root surface area, will not only expand the arable cultivation range (e.g., arid and low fertility soil could be planted), but also will increase fiber yield, resulting in eventual applications that promote development of the entire cotton industry production chain.
A CRISPR/Cas9 toolkit for efficient targeted base editing to induce genetic variations in rice

Gene-targeting technologies using sequence specific nucleases have been widely adopted to induce genetic modifications in both plant molecular biology research and crop improvement, of which generating targeted point mutation for gain-of-function phenotype is of great value. Although tremendous efforts have been made in developing geneinsertion or replacement approaches by harnessing DNA repair pathways through either homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms (Ma et al., 2016), introducing specific DNA sequence changes into genome at the desired site remains challenging. Recently, a simple base editing method for specific base changes has been developed in mammalian cells (Komor et al., 2016). The base editor includes a Cas9n nickase, cytosine deaminase (human AID, rat APOBEC1, or lamprey CDA1) and Uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor (UGI). The sgRNA directs the Cas9n fusion protein to the target site, cytosine deaminase converts any cytosine within reach into uracil, which is then repaired by error-prone mechanisms and leads to various point mutations, notably thymines when UGI exists (Komor et al., 2016). Here we present a tool kit comprising rBE3 and rBE4 (rice Base Editor), a highly efficient tool for generating customized gain-of-function alleles at defined lociincultivated rice.