mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Tilia amurensis trees in natural versus urban forests of Heilongjiang in northeast China

The deciduous linden tree (Tilia amurensis Rupr.) is protected at National Level II in China as a species of ecological and economic importance. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the ectomycorrhizal communities associated with T. amurensis in natural versus urban forests of central Heilongjiang Province. The percentage of T. amurensis colonisation by ectomycorrhiza was more than 60 % in urban forests, compared to 34–49 % in natural forests. Use of a combination of morphological and molecular methods documented 18 ECM (ectomycorrhizal) types among three sites; 12–13 ECM species were identified in the natural sites versus 9 species in the urban site. Four ECM species (Boletus sp., Tuber sp., Inocybe sp.2, Leccinum sp.1) were the dominant mycorrhizal symbionts, and Cenococcum geophilum and Russula sp. were found only in the natural forests.
Developing conservation strategies for Pinus koraiensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus by using model-based geographic distributions

We described potential changes in the geographic distribution and occurrence probability of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. in the counties of northeast China. This information was used to identify priority areas for protection and provide protection and management recommendations within each studied county. The two species were mapped in 2884 study plots throughout this region over a 4-year period (38°400N–53°300N, 115°050E– 135°020E). We used the species distribution models (Maxent), systematic conservation planning models (Marxan), and Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS 10.0). The distributions of two species were correlated in the study area, enabling unique and economically viable joint conservation measures to be implemented. Three models were combined to identify feasible priority conservation sites. We used local spatial statistics to assess all identified conservation areas in relation to potential climate change based shifts in the geographic distribution of the two species. Model-based conservation strategies were used to identify effective measures to protect and utilize these two tree species in the study region. This study presents a novel technique for assessing wild plant distributions, in addition to serving as a model for the conservation of other species within the framework of general forest management, ecological construction, and geographical surveying.
Selection of promising chestnuts (Castanea sativa) among wild growing trees from southern Mediterranean region forests of Turkey

Turkey ranked third place in the world for chestnut production after China and South Korea and the country has unique chestnut forests including valuable and diverse chestnut genotypes. This study was conducted to select superior chestnut genotypes within seedling populations found in natural wild grown chestnut forest located in Isparta province in Turkey during 2010–2011 years. A total of 2500 wild grown chestnut trees were examined on the field first year and among them the most promising 22 genotypes were chosen according to relatively high yield capacity, earliness, tolerance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), ink disease (Phytopthora cambivora), and fruit quality characteristics. The selected 22 genotypes were evaluated for their detailed morphological, phenological and pomological traits in 2010 and 2011. According to average of 2 years, nut weight, the number of nut per kilogram, nut width, nut length, nut height and nut shell thickness of 22 promising genotypes ranged from 10.26 to 22.32 g, 97.47 to 44.80/kg, 26.80 to 42.47, 16.92 to 25.91, 27.74 to 39.73, and 0.26 to 1.01 mm, respectively. The ash, crude protein, and total fat content of kernels were between 0.85 to 1.94, 3.69 to 7.06 and 1.32 to 4.52, respectively. The genotypes were evaluated with weighted ranking method and the highest general quality score was observed in genotypes of IY17, IY01, IY42, IY43 and IY12.
Comparative microsporogenesis and flower development in Eucalyptus urophylla 3 E. grandis

Microsporogenesis and flower development in Eucalyptus urophylla 9 E. grandis were examined using chromosome tableting to provide a method to predict the meiotic stages in this species. Although microsporogenesis was normal, cytokinesis during meiosis of pollen mother cells occurred simultaneously, with strong asynchronism observed in the two different lengths of stamens in a flower bud. In a single flower, the developmental period of microsporogenesis in anthers on the longer stamens was always ahead of those on the shorter stamens. Flower development was also asynchronous at different locations on a branch. Flower buds on the upper side of the branch were larger in diameter than those on the lower side. In addition, a correlation was observed between microsporogenesis development and flower bud diameter growth. The pachytene stage was first observed when the diameter of the flower buds increased to 3.0 mm, and the majority of the meiotic stages were observed when bud diameters ranged from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. This study showed that the developmental stages of microsporogenesis in Eucalyptus urophylla 9 E. grandis could be distinguished readily, which may be applicable to future breeding studies.
Germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata Mast. provenances

We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were collected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distribution of P. densata in China to assess variation in germination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germinated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with climatic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive differentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.
Is root nutrient uptake a modular function? A test using Solidago canadensis

Plant roots have been recognized to be modular, and a third order root cluster has been proposed to be the basic root module unit based upon the life cycle. This experiment examines root modularity of the nutrient-uptake function using stable isotope ~(15)N. Solidago canadensis root clusters of second or third orders—from the same third or fourth order roots, respectively—were treated with ~(15)NH_4 ~(15)NO_3, NH_4NO_3, and de-ionized water for 15 and 180 min. The d~(15)N values of the root clusters were then analyzed and compared. The d~(15)N values of ~(15)N-treated root clusters of both second and third orders were hundreds of times higher than that of the ~(15)N untreated root clusters. However, the differences of the d~(15)N values among ~(15)N untreated root clusters (though expressed some significant variations), did not indicate the ~(15)N shared by the sister root clusters came from a common higher-order root. These results demonstrated functional modularity of root nutrient uptake, revealed a second order root, perhaps even a first order root to be a base module unit in terms of root nutrient uptake. The results also suggested that the concept of root modularity is function-specific. This experiment further revealed the importance of treatment timing in stabilizing the internal ~(15)N/~(14)N ratio in roots and avoiding top-down transportation of ~(15)N back into roots to secure unbiased measurements.
Modeling of the height–diameter relationship using an allometric equation model: a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis

Understanding the relationship between tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (D) is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships: a correlation between the mean bamboo height (H_m) and the upper meanH(H_u), and a correlation between the meanD(D_m) and the upper mean D (D_u). Simulation results derived from the allometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height–diameter (H–D) model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H– D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H–D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.
急性心肌梗死合并肾梗死1例

本例患者既往有“吸毒史”5年,并在本次发病前3 h再次吸食大麻。Nawrot等研究发现可卡因的使用、吸食大麻等为心肌梗死的高危因素。大麻可导致青年心肌梗死,且其致心肌梗死作用多发生于吸食大麻2 h内。
Lysine enhances the effect of amphotericin B against Candida albicans in vitro

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus and has been used for >50 years in the treatment of acute systemic fungal infections. In the present study, we demonstrated that lysine, an essential amino acid, could enhance the effect of AmB against Candida albicans in vitro, although lysine itself did not exert a fungicidal effect. In addition, the combination of AmB with lysine could provide an enhanced action against Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans compared with AmB alone. Lysine could also enhance the antifungal effect of caspofungin or nystatin. An enhanced effect of the combination of lysine with AmB was observed for the prevention of biofilm and hypha formation. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that lysine-mediated oxidative damage, such as the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species, may be the mechanism underlying the enhancing effect of lysine on AmB. Our results also showed that CaMCA1 gene plays an important role in increasing the sensitivity of C. albicans cells upon AmB treatment. Using AmB together with lysine may be a promising strategy for the therapy of disseminated candidiasis.
单纯老年性白内障人群角膜球面像差

目的探讨单纯老年性白内障人群角膜球面像差情况及与年龄的相关性。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月本院收治的60岁以上单纯老年性白内障患者498例,按年龄分为:A组(60~69岁)141例、B组(70~79岁)240例及C组(80~90岁)117例。用PENTACAM三维眼前节分析仪测量入选患者白内障手术前的角膜屈光力、后表面屈光力,Zernike分析计算中心为角膜顶点,直径为6 mm范围内的前表面、后表面、总角膜球面像差值,进行统计学分析。结果以498例患者的右眼为研究对象,其中495只眼(99.39%)的角膜前表面球差、总角膜球差为正值,3只眼(0.61%)为负值;494只眼的(99.19%)的后表面球差值为负值,4只眼(0.81%)为正值;单样本K-S检验,前表面膜球差、后表面膜球差、总角膜球差均呈正态分布;三组角膜屈光力值、后表面屈光力值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组角膜前表面球差、角膜后表面球差、总角膜球差差异显著(P<0.05);年龄与角膜屈光力值、后表面屈光力值之间无明显相关性;与角膜前表面球差、角膜后表面球差、总角膜球差之间存在明显相关性;403例双眼入选患者的左右眼之间后表面屈光力值之间差异显著(P<0.01);两眼间各参数之间均存在明显正相关。结论60岁以上单纯老年性白内障人群的角膜球面像差均值大于普通人群,并且随着年龄增加前表面及总角膜球差逐渐增大,后表面负性球差逐渐减小,各角膜球面像差参数在双眼间存在明显相关性。
世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表对维持性血液透析患者生存质量评价及其信度和效度

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者的生存质量及世界卫生组织(WHO)生活质量量表(QOL)在MHD患者中使用的信度和效度。方法应用WHOQOL对西安市4家医院血液透析病人共101例进行调查。结果在信度研究中,Cronbach α值均高于0.900且总的Cronbach α值为0.922;在内容效度上,量表的各个领域及方面之间存在一定的相关性(精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰领域与一小部分领域和方面的相关性没有统计学意义),其中,各方面与其所属领域之间相关较强,而与其他领域相关较弱;在区分效度上,除环境领域外,其他领域得分两者差异均显著(P<0.05)。在24个方面中,有21个方面能区分开病人和正常人(P<0.05)。在QOL测定上,除环境领域的获得新信息、休闲娱乐活动、环境条件外,MHD患者在生理领域、心理领域、独立性领域、社会关系领域和精神支柱/宗教/个人信仰领域得分与常模差异显著(P<0.05)。结论WHOQOL-100量表具有较高的信度和效度,可以较好地反映MHD患者的QOL,且MHD患者的QOL显著低于正常人。
慢性阻塞性肺病稳定期患者血清C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6与BODE指数相关性

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)稳定期患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平与BODE指数相关性。方法收集COPD稳定期患者49例,健康体检者30例为对照组,测定其血清CRP及IL-6水平。COPD患者通过计算体重指数(BMI),测定肺功能、6 min步行距离、评估呼吸困难程度获得BODE指数。比较不同级别BODE指数患者CRP和IL-6水平,及BODE指数与CRP、IL-6之间的相关性。结果COPD稳定期血清CRP、IL-6,水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。不同BODE指数级别COPD患者血清CRP及IL-6存在差异(P<0.05)。COPD稳定期患者血清CRP、IL-6与BODE指数呈正相关(r=0.589,r=0.668,P<0.05)。结论COPD稳定期患者血清CRP和IL-6水平增高,且与BODE指数正相关,检测血清CRP、IL-6有助于评估稳定期COPD患者病情的严重程度及预后。
医源性子宫内膜异位症的防治

自1860年Rok.tansky首次报道子宫内膜异位症以来,至今已有150余年的历史,一直为妇科临床常见病之一。由于真正的病因不清,虽在诊治上已取得了长足的进步,但仍有许多问题存有争议、尚未解决或临床又有新的问题出现。所以,至今世界各国妇产科医师和相关学科或亚学科每年均有世界性、地区性的学术研讨会议交流。我国也不例外,全国性、各省市、各专业学会有关子宫内膜异位症的专题会议应接不暇。但国内有关子宫内膜异位症的书籍仍不多见:20世纪80年代上海张惜阴教授首先翻译了子宫内膜异位症专著(16万字),1999年上海科学技术出版社出版了石一复主编的科普书籍《子宫内膜异位症》(5万余字),2002年8月上海科学技术出版社出版了石一复主编的国内第1本《子宫内膜异位症》专著(39万字);同年9月人民卫生出版社出版了徐丛剑和金志军主编的《子宫内膜异位症》专著(10万余字); 2003年中国协和医科大学出版社出版了郎景和院士主编的《子宫内膜异位症的基础与临床研究》(40万字),该书是有关基础、临床、国际专题会议以及已发表文章等的汇总;2014年人民军医出版社出版了石一复主审、郝敏主编的《子宫内膜异位症治疗新进展》(55万字); 2015年人民卫生出版社出版了徐丛剑、郭孙伟主编的《子宫内膜异位症(第2版)》(39万字);其余有关子宫内膜异位症的内容均在相关参考书中仅以章节形式出现,远不能满足基础和临床的需要。实际还有一些经验和(或)研究结果尚未收集和载入,影响相互的交流。
天门冬水提液对D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老过程中脏器显微结构改变的影响

目的探讨天门冬水提液对D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老过程中脏器显微结构改变的影响。方法采用D-半乳糖诱导小鼠衰老, 60只小鼠随机分为6组,分别为生理盐水对照组、衰老模型组、Vc对照组、天门冬水提液高、中、低剂量组,分别皮下注射或灌胃,给药30 d后,取其心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胰、脑等主要脏器石蜡切片,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察显微结构。结果正常对照组和Vc组器官形态正常,结构清晰;模型组脏器均出现不同程度的损伤;天门冬给药组的小鼠,随给药浓度的增加,心肌纤维结构由模糊到清晰,由扭曲缩短变成舒展;脾脏淋巴细胞数量显著增加,排列紧密;肺泡隔逐渐恢复正常,肺泡囊结构逐渐完整;胰岛细胞数量由少到多,结构渐清晰;肝、肾细胞结构逐渐恢复正常;脑部海马CA3区神经细胞逐渐增加。结论天门冬水提液在D-半乳糖诱导小鼠衰老过程中对内脏器官损伤程度均有一定抑制作用,且随给药剂量增加抑制作用增强,但不同器官抑制效果不同,效果最明显的是脾和肺,其次是心和胰。
Stepwise assembly of heterometallic 3d-4f chain exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation

The self-assembly of polyalcohol ligand 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane with Dy(NO_3)_3?6H_2O and Cr_3O-Bzo-t-Bu precursor in the presence of triethylamine step-by-step generated a heterometallic 3d-4f chain. Magnetic investigation of the complex indicates typical slow relaxation of the magnetization at low temperature.
Influence of Blocking Interlayer in Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Different Thicknesses of Emitting Layer and Interlayer

A series of blue organic light-emitting diodes with electron or hole blocking interlayer are fabricated. Different structures of blocking interlayers can influence the position of the recombination zone due to the fact that they confine carriers in different ways. We find that the double hole blocking interlayer structure can balance carrier injection more effectively. Its power and current efficiency are more stable and the current efficiency value is 30.2 cd/A at 1000 cd/m~2. Decreasing the thicknesses of the emitting layer and interlayers is in favor of the power efficiency. The performance of the device is also affected by changing the interlayer position when we use hole and electron blocking material as interlayers simultaneously.
Transverse Localization of Light in 1D Self-Focusing Parity-Time-Symmetric Optical Lattices

Transverse localization of light is investigated numerically in a self-focusing Kerr medium with a complex-valued optical lattice featuring parity-time symmetry. It is demonstrated that the light localization exists below the threshold of the spatial frequency of the lattices, and is further enhanced with the decrease of the spatial frequency. The influence of defects on the transverse localization is also discussed in detail. The results show that both positive and negative defects in such a medium would enhance the localization.
Anomalous Direct-Current Josephson Effect in Semiconductor Nanowire Junctions

We investigate the dc Josephson effect in one-dimensional junctions where a ring conductor is sandwiched between two semiconductor nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity. Peculiar features of the Josephson effect arise due to the interplay of spin-orbit interaction and external Zeeman field. By tuning the Zeeman field orientation, the device can vary from 0 to π junction. More importantly, nonzero Josephson current is possible at zero phase difference across the junction. Although this anomalous Josephson current is not relevant to the topological phase transition, its magnitude can be significantly enhanced when the nanowires become topological superconductors where Majorana bound states emerge. Distinct modulation patterns are obtained for the semiconductor nanowires in the topologically trivial and non-trivial phases. These results are useful to probe the topological phase transition in semiconductor nanowire junctions via the dc Josephson effect.
Single Photon Scattering in a Pair of Waveguides Coupled by a Whispering-Gallery Resonator Interacting with a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

The single photon scattering properties in a pair of waveguides coupled by a whispering-gallery resonator interacting with a semiconductor quantum dot are investigated theoretically. The two waveguides support four possible ports for an incident single photon. The quantum dot is considered a V-type system. The incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are studied and equal-output probability from the four ports for a single photon incident is discussed. The influences of backscattering between the two modes of the whispering-gallery resonator for incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are also presented.
Quantum-dot cellular automata based reversible low power parity generator and parity checker design for nanocommunication

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging area of research in reversible computing. It can be used to design nanoscale circuits. In nanocommunication, the detection and correction of errors in a received message is a major factor. Besides, device density and power dissipation are the key issues in the nanocommunication architecture. For the first time, QCA-based designs of the reversible low-power odd parity generator and odd parity checker using the Feynman gate have been achieved in this study. Using the proposed parity generator and parity checker circuit, a nanocommunication architecture is proposed. The detection of errors in the received message during transmission is also explored. The proposed QCA Feynman gate outshines the existing ones in terms of area, cell count, and delay. The quantum costs of the proposed conventional reversible circuits and their QCA layouts are calculated and compared, which establishes that the proposed QCA circuits have very low quantum cost compared to conventional designs. The energy dissipation by the layouts is estimated, which ensures the possibility of QCA nano-device serving as an alternative platform for the implementation of reversible circuits. The stability of the proposed circuits under thermal randomness is analyzed, showing the operational efficiency of the circuits. The simulation results of the proposed design are tested with theoretical values, showing the accuracy of the circuits. The proposed circuits can be used to design more complex low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture such as nano-transmitters and nano-receivers.
The prevalence, origin, and prevention of six human coronaviruses

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large group of viruses found in many species of animals around the world, particularly bats and wild birds. CoVs result in various clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic respiratory, hepatic, and enteric diseases to neurological diseases. CoVs are classified under the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales (Gonzalez et al., 2003), comprising an enveloped, positive-strand genome of approximately 26.4–31.7 kb in length, the largest genome of any RNA virus identified to date (Gorbalenya et al., 2006; Brian and Baric, 2005; Woo et al., 2010). Under electron microscopy, the virus has a characteristic crowned appearance (hence the name “corona”).
Improving crop nutrient efficiency through root architecture modifications

Improving crop nutrient efficiency becomes an essential consideration for environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Plant growth and development is dependent on 17 essential nutrient elements, among them, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important mineral nutrients. Hence it is not surprising that low N and/or low P availability in soils severely constrains crop growth and productivity, and thereby have become high priority targets for improving nutrient efficiency in crops. Root exploration largely determines the ability of plants to acquire mineral nutrients from soils. Therefore, root architecture, the 3-dimensional configuration of the plant's root system in the soil, is of great importance for improving crop nutrient efficiency. Furthermore, the symbiotic associations between host plants and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi/rhizobial bacteria, are additional important strategies to enhance nutrient acquisition. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the current understanding of crop species control of root architecture alterations in response to nutrient availability and root/microbe symbioses, through gene or QTL regulation, which results in enhanced nutrient acquisition.
Effects of Different Land-Use Types on Soil Erosion Under Natural Rainfall in the Loess Plateau, China

The Loess Plateau, which is located in the arid and semi-arid areas of China, experiences significant soil erosion due to intense human activities and soil erodibility. It is necessary to explore and identify the land-use types or land-use patterns that can control soil erosion and achieve certain agricultural production capabilities. This study established runoff plots with two slope gradients(5? and 15?) in north of Yan’an, one area of the Loess Plateau, with 3 single land-use types(cultivated land, CL; switchgrass, SG; and abandoned land, AL) and 2 composite land-use types(CL-SG and CL-AL). From 2006 to 2012, we continuously monitored the rainfall characteristics, runoff depth, soil loss, vegetation coverage, and soil physical properties. The results indicated a general trend in the number of runoff and soil loss events for the 5 land-use types: CL= CL-SG > CL-AL > SG> AL. The general trend for runoff depth, soil loss, their magnitudes of variation, and the slopes of rainfall-runoff regression equation was CL > CL-SG > CL-AL > SG > AL, whereas the rainfall threshold for runoff generation exhibited the opposite trend. Results of nonparametric test regarding runoff depth/EI 30 and soil loss/EI 30, where EI 30 is the product of rainfall kinetic energy and the maximum rainfall intensity over 30 min, and the runoff depth-soil loss relationship regression indicated that the effect of CL-AL was similar to that of SG; SG was similar to AL; and CL-AL, SG, and AL were superior to CL with regard to soil and water conservation. Runoff depth and soil loss significantly increased as the slope gradient increased. Runoff depth and soil loss were significantly correlated with the soil particle size composition and bulk density, respectively. The strongest significant correlations were found between runoff depth and vegetation coverage as well as between soil loss and vegetation coverage, which showed that vegetation coverage was the primary factor controlling soil erosion. Therefore, the composite land-use type CL-AL and the artificial grassland(SG) are appropriate options because both soil conservation and a certain degree of agricultural production are necessary in the study area.