mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of Contaminations on Corona Pulse Inception Characteristics of HVDC Conductor

Contaminations adhering on HVDC transmission line will change its corona characteristics to generate electromagnetic pollution. The corona-induced radio interference and audible noise become important factors influencing the configuration and costs of transmission project. For understanding the effects of contaminations on the corona pulse characteristics of an HVDC transmission line, a corona cage was adopted to experimentally investigate corona pulse inception voltage and corona pulse characteristics of the conductors with different contaminations on surfaces. The contaminations include simulated contaminations, carbon powder, cement and fine sand. The results show that when conductor is covered with contaminations, the positive polarity corona pulses have high amplitude and low frequency, while the negative polarity corona pulses have low amplitude and incremental high frequency components. The corona pulse inception voltage presents a negatively exponential decrease with the increase of contamination density, showing a saturation trend. Fine sand shows the greatest effect on the corona pulse inception voltage with positive polarity, while cement shows the least effect. A function of corona inception voltage and surface contamination density is given. This study may provide reference for design of transmission lines.
Geochemical Stream Sediment Survey in the Wadi Umm Rilan Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: A New Occurrence for Gold Mineralization

The present paper investigates the stream sediment geochemistry, behavior of gold and associated elements, delineates Au-anomalous sites and defines related sources in the Wadi Umm Rilan area. Fifty three major and trace elements were analyzed using ICP-MS and treated applying various statistical and mapping techniques. The results showed a significant difference of mean and median Au and most chemical elements in the three portions of the area, and higher values were recorded in the western portion. Furthermore, Au-anomalous sites appeared in upper and lower parts of the Wadi Umm Rilan, along the tributaries of metavolcanic unit and near granitoid contacts. This indicates the main source of Au mineralization is related to emplacement of granitoid plutons and accompanying hydrothermal solutions. There are significant indications for the presence of more than one mineralization event forming a probable single major episode of mineralization in the area, involving Au, Pb and U mineralizations. Geology, geomorphologic aspects and weathering processes could control stream sediment geochemistry, anomalies of Au and associated elements, elemental association and their dispersion patterns. Therefore, the area is fruitful and regarded as a promising target for Au exploration, using Ag, As, Sb, Cd, Cs, and Tl as pathfinder elements.
从蒋筑英到黄大年——透视科技报国精神传承之“吉林现象”

35年前,“知识分子的优秀代表”蒋筑英的事迹感动了无数人。如今,“把为祖国富强、民族振兴、人民幸福贡献力量作为毕生追求”的黄大年,再次震撼了我们的心灵。两位工作地点都在吉林的科学家,他们的爱国之情和报国之志已化为白山松水间的座座群峰,绵延不息。
葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性检测方法的研究进展及其在伯氨喹治疗疟疾中的应用

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)缺陷是一种由于G6PD基因突变引起的X染色体连锁的基因遗传病,其可以引起 G6PD发生不同程度的失活,从而导致一系列生物化学改变和临床表现。最常见的临床表现为在受某些因素诱发后出现急性溶血性贫血和新生儿黄疸病[1]。早期研究发现, G6PD酶缺乏症的分布区域与疟疾的流行区域相似[2],且 G6PD缺陷者抵抗疟原虫感染的能力似乎强于正常人群。 G6PD缺陷主要分布在非洲、亚洲、地中海区域和东南亚地区,由于近些年来全球人口流动,在北美、南美及欧洲北部的一些国家也有流行。
输血导致莱姆病形成Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞一例

在我国,伯氏疏螺旋体抗体尚未纳入献血者常规检查,农民、山区、林区工作者等莱姆病高危易患人群血液中可能存在伯氏疏螺旋体,这些血液输入免疫能力较强的患者可能不会引起莱姆病,但对于肝硬化、白血病、HIV感染者等免疫功能较低的患者则有引起莱姆病的可能,而这些患者可能由于免疫能力较差,无明显的早期感染症状且无明显的蜱虫叮咬史,极易导致漏诊。在莱姆病的防治上,建议对于莱姆病高危易患人群献血时行常规伯氏疏螺旋体抗体检查,对于无山区、林地接触史,无蜱虫叮咬史,无环形红斑,有输血史的心律失常的患者不应排除莱姆病的可能,特别是对于免疫能力较低的患者。
梅毒螺旋体感染孕产妇所生新生儿127例随访分析

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的一种严重危害人类健康的性传播疾病之一,梅毒螺旋体能够通过母婴途径传染给胎儿,可导致严重的不良妊娠结局。近年来,我国梅毒发病率不断上升,其中以孕产妇最为常见,若对此类人群未做及时干预,可导致新生儿出现先天梅毒症状。因此预防和控制妊娠梅毒,减少梅毒的母婴传播.防治先天梅毒的发生,降低梅毒对儿童的伤害,已成为国家基本公共卫生的重大项目之一。为了解梅毒母婴传播的特点,探讨相关危险因素,为母婴阻断提出有效的干预措施,现对舟山市妇幼保健院梅毒孕产妇所生新生儿的随访情况进行总结报道。
The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake

Allochthonous organic matter plays an important role in nutrient cycling and energy mobilization in freshwater ecosystems. However, the subsidies of this carbon source in floodplain ecosystems have not yet well understood. We used a Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes (δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) of primary food resources and dominant molluscs species, to estimate the relative importance of allochthonous carbon sources for consumers in a representative sub-lake of Poyang Lake during a prolonged dry season. Our study inferred that terrestrial-derived carbon from Carex spp. could be the primary contributor to snails and mussels in Dahuchi Lake. The mean percentage of allochthonous food resources accounted for 35%-50% of the C incorporated by these consumers. Seston was another important energy sources for benthic consumers. However, during the winter and low water-level period, benthic algae and submerged vegetation contributed less carbon to benthic consumers. Our data highlighted the importance of terrestrial organic carbon to benthic consumers in the wetlands of Poyang Lake during the prolonged dry period. Further, our results provided a perspective that linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems might be facilitated by wintering geese via their droppings.
Comparison of time-restricted and ad libitum self-feeding on the growth, feeding behavior and daily digestive enzyme profiles of Atlantic salmon

Although it has been hypothesized that a predictable feeding regime in animals allows physiological variables to be adjusted to maximize nutrient utilization and, hence, better growth performance, the assumption has rarely been tested. This study compares the effects of time-restricted versus free access self-feeding on the growth, feeding behavior and daily digestive enzyme rhythms of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In an experiment that lasted 6 weeks, fish (109.9 g) were divided into two groups: group 1 had free access to a self-feeder (FA); group 2 received three meals per day (2 h per meal) at dawn, midday and dusk via a time-restricted self-feeder (TR). At the end of the experiment, the fish were sampled every 3 h over a 24-h period. The results showed that the TR fish quickly synchronized their feeding behavior to the feeding window and their blood glucose showed a significant postprandial increase, while FA fish displayed no statistically significant rhythms (P>0.05). Pepsin activity of TR fish also showed a significant daily rhythm (P<0.05) with the acrophase at the second feed and a decrease over the next 12 h. Average daily trypsin, lipase and amylase levels of FA fish were significantly lower than those of TR fish (P<0.01); however, the growth performance of both groups was similar (P>0.05). In conclusion, the study failed to confirm a link between the entrainment of daily digestive enzyme profiles and growth performance, with the TR group showing comparatively poor blood glucose regulation.
儿童同侧股骨颈合并股骨干骨折二例

儿童股骨干骨折为临床常见创伤,但股骨干骨折伴发同侧股骨颈骨折非常罕见,文献报道成人股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折占股骨干骨折的2%~9%,目前国内外关于儿童此类损伤的发病率尚无相关报道。国外各种文献报告至目前为止小于12岁的股骨颈伴发同侧股骨干骨折的儿童病例共14例,国内尚无相关病例报道。我院自2005年1月至2014年12月共收治此类创伤患儿2例,由于儿童该类损伤及其罕见,在治疗上仍有争议,到目前为止尚无被广泛接受的治疗方法。为提高对该类损伤的认识,回顾国内外相关文献并结合我们的病例对其受伤机制、分型、治疗及相关预后进行报道。
Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects

Since the 1950s,noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of "land use change - driving mechanisms - impacts and consequences -policy responses" found the following: (1) Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly. (2) Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces. (3) Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions. (4) A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute. (5) Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China's rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions include monitoring regional and national abandonment dynamics, analyzing trends, assessing the risks and socio-economic effects of farmland abandonment, and informing policy making.
Coincidence of abandoned settlements and climate change in the Xinjiang oases zone during the last 2000 years

The study on the relationship of abandoned settlements and climate change in the oases could provide a historical reference for understanding human responses to present and future global warming in the arid zone. A total of 554 abandoned historical settlements in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, were used to examine the relationship between abandoned settlements and temperature change over the past 2000 years. The analysis covered dynastic epochs from the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) to the Qing Dynasty (1644AD-1911AD) in the oases of Xinjiang. Greater density of settlements was found at the oases larger than 2000 km~2, which were more stable and less sensitive to climate change compared to smaller oases. Settlements flourished at small oases and the middle and lower reaches of rivers during warm periods and shrank back to piedmont basins and upstream alluvial fans during cold periods. These results demonstrated responses of oasis agriculture to climate change.
Reponses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1981 to 2009 in Henan Province, China

With the global warming, crop phenological shifts in responses to climate change have become a hot research topic. Based on the long-term observed agro-meteorological phenological data (1981-2009) and meteorological data, we quantitatively analyzed temporal and spatial shifts in maize phenology and their sensitivities to key climate factors change using climate tendency rate and sensitivity analysis methods. Results indicated that the sowing date was significantly delayed and the delay tendency rate was 9.0 d·10a~(-1). But the stages from emergence to maturity occurred earlier (0.1 d·10a~(-1)<θ<1.7 d·10a~(-1), θ is the change slope of maize phenology). The length of vegetative period (VPL) (from emergence to tasseling) was shortened by 0.9 d·10a~(-1), while the length of generative period (GPL) (from tasseling to maturity) was lengthened by 1.7 d·10a~(-1). The growing season length (GSL) (from emergence to maturity) was lengthened by 0.4 d·10a~(-1). Correlation analysis indicated that maize phenology was significantly correlated with average temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days (GDD) (p<0.01). Average temperature had significant negative correlation relationship, while precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days had significant positive correlations with maize phenology. Sensitivity analysis indicated that maize phenology showed different responses to variations in key climate factors, especially at different sites. The conclusions of this research could provide scientific supports for agricultural adaptation to climate change to address the global food security issue.
Development of quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions to boundary shifts in farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China

The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone (FPE); however, the quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions remain relatively limited. Based on long-term data of meteorological stations and interpretations of land use since 1970,climate and land use boundaries of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were delineated. To detect climate contributions to the FPE boundary shifts, we developed two quantitative methods to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of climate and land use boundary at the east-west (or south-north) (FishNet method) and transect directions (Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS method). The results indicated that significant differences were exhibited in climate boundaries, land use boundaries, as well as climate contributions in different regions during different periods. The northwest FPE had smaller variations, while the northeast FPE had greater shifts. In the northwest part of the southeast fringe of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the shifts of climate boundaries were significantly related to the land use boundaries. The climate contributions at an east-west direction ranged from 10.7% to 44.4%, and those at a south-north direction varied from 4.7% to 55.9%. The majority of the results from the DSAS were consistent with those from the FishNet. The DSAS method is more accurate and suitable for precise detection at a small scale, whereas the FishNet method is simple to conduct statistical analysis rapidly and directly at a large scale. Our research will be helpful to adapt to climate change, to develop the productive potential, as well as to protect the environment of the FPE in northern China.
Controllably Coupling Superconducting Charge and Flux Qubits by Using Nanomechanical Resonator

We propose an effective mechanism to couple superconducting charge and flux qubits by using a quantized nanomechanical resonator. The coupling between the charge and flux qubits can be controlled by the external flux of the charge qubit. Under the strong coupling limit, an iSWAP gate can be generated by this scheme. The experimental feasibility in our scheme is also presented.
Pore-scale visualization on a depressurization-induced CO_2 exsolution

The pore-scale behavior of the exsolved CO_2 phase during the depressurization process in CO_2 geological storage was investigated. The reservoir pressure decreases when the injection stops or when a leaking event or fluid extraction occurs. The exsolution characteristics of CO_2 affect the migration and fate of CO_2 in the storage site significantly. Here, a micromodel experimental system that can accommodate a large pressure variation provides a physical model with homogeneous porous media to dynamically visualize the nucleation and growth of exsolved CO_2 bubbles. The pressure decreased from 9.85 to 3.95 MPa at different temperatures and depressurization rates, and the behavior of CO_2 bubbles was recorded. At the pore-scale, the nuclei became observable when the CO_2 phase density was significantly reduced, and the pressure corresponding to this observation was slightly lower than that of the severe expansion pressure region. The lower temperature and faster depressurization rate produced more CO_2 nuclei. The exsolved CO_2 bubble preferentially grew into the pore body instead of the throat. The progress of smaller CO_2 bubbles merging into a larger CO_2 bubble was first captured, which validated the existence of the Ostwald ripening mechanism. The dispersed CO_2 phase after exsolution shows similarity with the residually trapped CO_2. This observation is consistent with the low mobility and high residual trapping ratio of exsolved CO_2 measured in the core-scale measurement, which is considered to be a self-sealing mechanism during depressurization process in CO_2 geological storage.
Critical minimum temperature limits xylogenesis and maintains treelines on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Physiological and ecological mechanisms that define treelines are still debated. It has been suggested that the absence of trees above the treeline is caused by low temperatures that limit growth. Thus, we hypothesized that there is a critical minimum temperature(CT_(min))preventing xylogenesis at treeline. We tested this hypothesis by examining weekly xylogenesis across three and four growing seasons in two natural Smith fir(Abies georgei var. smithii)treeline sites on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Despite differences in the timing of cell differentiation among years, minimum air temperature was the dominant climatic variable associated with xylem growth; the critical minimum temperature(CT_(min))for the onset and end of xylogenesis occurred at 0.7 ± 0.4 ℃. A process-based modelling chronology of tree-ring formation using this CT_(min) was consistent with actual tree-ring data. This extremely low CT_(min) permits Smith fir growing at treeline to complete annual xylem production and maturation and provides both support and a mechanism for treeline formation.
A promising new route toward materialization of high-temperature topological superconductors

Topologically non-trivial superconductivity, or more succinctly known as chiral superconductivity, is a new property of quantum matter actively chased after by today's condensed matter community. The motivations for such research efforts are mainly twofold. For one, it is naturally intriguing to integrate superconductivity and topology, respectively among the most fundamental and stimulating concepts in physics and mathematics. For the other, properly architectured chiral superconductors may harbor Majorana fermions, which in turn could be exploited for fault-tolerant topological quantum computation.
Prospects of fuel cell technologies

Fuel cells (FCs) are efficient and clean devices to electrochemically convert the chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas (NG), methanol, ethanol and hydrocarbons to electric energy with significantly high efficiency and much lower greenhouse-gas emission as compared to well-established internal combustion engine (ICE) technologies. Thus, FCs are regarded as the most promising energy-conversion strategies for the sustainable energy development. FC technologies can be categorized according to the nature of the electrolytes, including low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) to high-temperature molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).
Analysis of the factors controlling performances of Au-modified TiO_2 nanotube array based photoanode in photo-electrocatalytic (PECa) cells

The efficiency of photo-electrocatalytic (PECa) devices for the production of solar fuels depends on several limiting factors such as light harvesting, charge recombination and mass transport diffusion. We analyse here how they influence the performances in PECa cells having a photo-anode based on Au-modified TiO_2 nanotube (TNT) arrays, with the aim of developing design criteria to optimize the photo-anode and the PECa cell configuration for water photo-electrolysis (splitting) and ethanol photo-reforming processes. The TNT samples were prepared by controlled anodic oxidation of Ti foils and then decorated with gold nanoparticles using different techniques to enhance the visible light response through heterojunction and plasmonic effects. The activity tests were made in a gas-phase reactor, as well as in a PECa cell without applied bias. Results were analysed in terms of photo-generated current, H_2 production rate and photoconversion efficiency. Particularly, a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.83% and a Faradaic efficiency of 91% were obtained without adding sacrificial reagents.
Coupling metal oxide nanoparticle catalysts for water oxidation to molecular light absorbers

Water oxidation, as a mandatory reaction of solar fuels conversion systems, requires the use of light absorbers with electronic properties that are well matched with those of the multi-electron catalyst in order to achieve high efficiency. Molecular light absorbers offer flexibility in fine tuning of orbital energetics, and metal oxide nanoparticles have emerged as robust oxygen evolving catalysts. Hence, these material choices offer a promising approach for the development of photocatalytic systems for water oxidation. However, efficient charge transfer coupling of molecular light absorbers and metal oxide nanoparticle catalysts has proven a challenge. Recent new approaches toward the efficient coupling of these components based on synthetic design improvements combined with direct spectroscopic observation and kinetic evaluation of charge transfer processes are discussed.
Impact of the latest measurement of Hubble constant on constraining inflation models

Recently, Riess et al.reported the new result of local measurement of the Hubble constant, H_0 = (73.00 ± 1.75) km s~(–1) Mpc~(–1), which is 3.3σ higher than the fit result of (66.93±0.62) km s~(–1) Mpc~(–1) derived by the Planck collaboration based on the ΛCDM model with Σm_ν = 0.06 eV using the latest Planck CMB data. The tension between the latest H_0 measurement and the Planck data has inspired numerous discussions. On one hand, it might be caused by some systematic uncertainties in the measurements. On the other hand, perhaps one has omitted some unknown physical factors in the cosmological model, which leads to some inconsistencies among different data sets. For example, replacing the cosmological constant with a dynamical dark energy and considering the extra relativistic degrees of freedom (i.e., an additional parameter N_(eff)) both can help relieve this tension to some extent. It was also shown in ref. [4] that the involvement of light sterile neutrinos in the cosmological model can simultaneously relieve almost all the tensions among the current astrophysical observations, which leads to a new cosmic concordance.