mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Design, installation and commissioning of the ELI-Beamlines high-power, high-repetition rate HAPLS laser beam transport system to P3

The design and the early commissioning of the ELI-Beamlines laser facility's 30 J, 30 fs, 10 Hz HAPLS (High-repetitionrate Advanced Petawatt Laser System) beam transport (BT) system to the P3 target chamber are described in detail. It is the world's first and with 54 m length, the longest distance high average power petawatt (PW) BT system ever built. It connects the HAPLS pulse compressor via the injector periscope with the 4.5 m diameter P3 target chamber of the plasma physics group in hall E3. It is the largest target chamber of the facility and was connected first to the BT system. The major engineering challenges are the required high vibration stability mirror support structures, the high pointing stability optomechanics as well as the required levels for chemical and particle cleanliness of the vacuum vessels to preserve the high laser damage threshold of the dielectrically coated high-power mirrors. A first commissioning experiment at low pulse energy shows the full functionality of the BT system to P3 and the novel experimental infrastructure.
A novel laser shock post-processing technique on the laser-induced damage resistance of 1ω HfO_2/SiO_2 multilayer coatings

The laser shock processing implemented by a laser-induced high-pressure plasma which propagates into the sample as a shockwave is innovatively applied as a post-processing technique on HfO_2/SiO_2 multilayer coatings for the first time. The pure mechanical post-processing has provided evidence of a considerable promotion effect of the laser-induced damage threshold, which increased by a factor of about 4.6 with appropriate processing parameters. The promotion mechanism is confirmed to be the comprehensive modification of the intrinsic defects and the mechanical properties, which made the applicability of this novel post-processing technique on various types of coatings possible. Based on experiments, an interaction equation for the plasma pressure is established, which clarifies the existence of the critical pressure and provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal processing parameters. In addition to the further clarification of the underlying damage mechanism, the laser shock post-processing provides a promising technique to realize the comprehensive and effective improvement of the laser-induced damage resistance of coatings.
Smooth pulse recovery based on hybrid wavelet threshold denoising and first derivative adaptive smoothing filter

Based on the pulse-shaping unit in the front end of high-power laser facilities,we propose a new hybrid scheme in a closed-loop control system including wavelet threshold denoising for pretreatment and a first derivative adaptive smoothing filter for smooth pulse recovery, so as to effectively restrain the influence of electrical noise and FM-to-AM modulation in the time-power curve, and enhance the calibration accuracy of the pulse shape in the feedback control system. The related simulation and experiment results show that the proposed scheme can obtain a better shaping effect on the high-contrast temporal shape in comparison with the cumulative average algorithm and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm combined with a traditional smoothing filter. The implementation of the hybrid scheme mechanism increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser pulse from about 11 dB to 30 dB, and the filtered pulse is smooth without modulation, with smoothness of about 98.8%.
Heating rate effects for the melting transition of Pt-Ag-Au nanoalloys

The classical molecular dynamics simulations in canonical NVT ensemble conditions are used to investigate the melting transition in different heating rates of Pt-Ag-Au ternary nanoalloys. In order to obtain the initial configurations used in the molecular dynamics simulations, optimizing the chemical ordering of Pt_(13)Ag_nAu_(42-n) (n = 0-42) ternary nanoalloys was performed using the Basin-Hopping algorithm which would not allow changes in the icosahedron structure. The Gupta many-body potential was used to model interatomic interactions in both molecular dynamics simulations and optimization simulations. The melting transitions of selected Pt-Ag-Au nanoalloys were explored using caloric curves and Lindemann parameters. There have been two identified types of melting mechanisms, one includes sudden jump behavior in the caloric curve and the other is an isomerization while melting transition. The temperature range in which the isomerization takes place depends on the heating rate value.
Theory of unconventional superconductivity in nickelate-based materials

Based on the two-band tight-binding model composed of the 3d orbital of Ni and the 5d orbital of R (= La), we used the random-phase-approximation method to study the pairing symmetry of the nickelate superconductors. It is found that even without considering the coupling between the R and Ni orbitals, neither the antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation pattern nor the doping-dependent behavior of the robust d_(x~2-y~2)-wave pairing state obtained in our calculations will be obviously influenced. Our results suggest the dominating role of the Ni 3d orbital in determining the low lying physics of the system. Furthermore, our results reveal a dome-shaped doping dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc, which is consistent with recent experiments.
Conductance and dielectric properties of hydrogen and hydroxyl passivated SiCNWs

Based on the transport theory and the polarization relaxation model, the effects of hydrogen and hydroxyl passivation on the conductivity and dielectric properties of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) with different sizes are numerically simulated. The results show that the variation trend of conductivity and band gap of passivated SiCNWs are opposite to the scenario of the size effect of bare SiCNWs. Among the influencing factors of conductivity, the carrier concentration plays a leading role. In the dielectric properties, the bare SiCNWs have a strong dielectric response in the blue light region, while passivated SiCNWs show a more obvious dielectric response in the far ultraviolet-light region. In particular, hydroxyl passivation produces a strong dielectric relaxation in the microwave band, indicating that hydroxyl passivated SiCNWs have a wide range of applications in electromagnetic absorption and shielding.
A review of some new perspectives on the theory of superconducting Sr_2RuO_4

The nature of the Cooper pairing in the paradigmatic unconventional superconductor Sr_2RuO_4 is an outstanding puzzle in condensed matter physics. Despite the tremendous efforts made in the past twenty-seven years, neither the pairing symmetry nor the underlying pairing mechanism in this material has been understood with clear consensus. This is largely due to the lack of a superconducting order that is capable of interpreting in a coherent manner the numerous essential experimental observations. At this stage, it may be desirable to reexamine our existing theoretical descriptions of superconducting Sr_2RuO_4. This review focuses on several recent developments that may provide some clues for future study. We highlight three separate aspects: 1) any pairing in the Eu symmetry channel, with which the widely discussed chiral p-wave is associated, shall acquire a 3D structure due to spin-orbit entanglement; 2) if the reported Kerr effect is a superconductivity-induced intrinsic bulk response, the superconductivity must either exhibit a chiral character, or be complex mixtures of certain set of helical p-wave pairings; 3) when expressed in a multiorbital basis, the Cooper pairing could acquire numerous exotic forms that are inaccessible in single-orbital descriptions. The implications of each of these new perspectives are briefly discussed in connection with selected experimental phenomena.
Peculiar diffusion behavior of AlCl_4 intercalated in graphite from nanosecond-long molecular dynamics simulations

The diffusion property of the intercalated species in the graphite materials is at the heart of the rate performance of graphite-based metal-ion secondary battery. Here we study the diffusion process of a AlCl_4 molecule within graphite - a key component of a recently reported aluminum ion battery with excellent performance - via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both ab-initio MD (AIMD) and semiempirical tight-binding MD simulations show that the diffusion process of the intercalated AlCl_4 molecule becomes rather inhomogeneous, when the simulation time exceeds approximately 100 picoseconds. Specifically, during its migration in between graphene layers, the intercalated AlCl_4 molecule may become stagnant occasionally, and then recovers its normal (fast) diffusion behavior after halting for a while. When this phenomenon occurs, the linear relationship of the mean squared displacement (MSD) versus the duration time is not fulfilled. We interpret this peculiar behavior as a manifestation of inadequate sampling of rare event (the stagnation of the molecule), which does not yet appear in short-time MD simulations. We further check the influence of strains present in graphite intercalated compounds (GIC) on the diffusion properties of AlCl_4, and find that their presence in general slows down the diffusion of the intercalated molecule, and is detrimental to the rate performance of the GIC-based battery.
Direct observation of the scaling relation between density of states and pairing gap in a dirty superconductor

Theories and experiments on dirty superconductors are complex but important in terms of both theoretical fundamentals and practical applications. These activities are even more challenging when magnetic fields are present because the field distribution, electron density of states, and superconducting pairing potentials become nonuniform. Here, we present tunneling microspectroscopic experiments on NbC single crystals and demonstrate that NbC is a homogeneous dirty superconductor. When applying magnetic fields to the samples, we found that the zero-energy local density of states and the pairing energy gap followed the explicit scaling relation proposed by de Gennes for homogeneous dirty superconductors in high magnetic fields. More significantly, our experimental findings indicate that the validity of the scaling relation extends to magnetic field strengths far below the upper critical field, calling for a new nonperturbative understanding of this fundamental property in dirty superconductors. On the practical side, we used the observed scaling relation to derive a simple and straightforward experimental scheme for estimating the superconducting coherence length of a dirty superconductor in magnetic fields.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation on thermal performance of composite phase change material based on Voronoi models

Phase change materials (PCMs) are important for sustaining energy development. For the thermal performance enhancement, the composite PCM with metal foam reconstructed by the Voronoi method is investigated in this work. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to analyze the melting process on a pore scale. The melting interface evolution and temperature contour of the composite PCM are explored and compared with those of pure PCM. Moreover, structure parameters including the pore density, porosity and irregularity are investigated comprehensively, indicating that the additive of metal foam strengthens the melting performance of PCM obviously. Compared with pure PCM, the composite PCM has quick rates of the melting front evolution and heat transfer. The heat conduction plays a great role in the whole melting process since the convection is weakened for the composite PCM. To improve the melting efficiency, a larger pore density and smaller irregularity are recommended in general. More significantly, a suitable porosity is determined based on the requirement for the balance between the melting rate and heat storage capacity in practical engineering.
Fano interference and transparency in a waveguide-nanocavity hybrid system with an auxiliary cavity

We investigate theoretically single photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a pair of cavities, which are denoted by the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity. Two cases with no atom and one atom embedded in the first cavity are discussed. The Fano dips in the transmission spectrum and locations of transparency window are calculated. When no atom is embedded in the first cavity, there exists a transparency window under the condition that the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity are not resonant. The locations of the transparency window and Fano line type depend strongly on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength between the auxiliary cavity and the waveguide. When one atom is embedded in the first cavity, we show that the transparency window exists even though the first cavity, the atom and the auxiliary cavity are resonant. The Fano line type is strongly dependent on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength. Our results have potential applications in design of quantum devices at the level of single photon, such as single photon switch and single photon routers.
Fabrication and characterization of superconducting multiqubit device with niobium base layer

Superconducting transmon qubits are the leading platform in solid-state quantum computing and quantum simulation applications. In this work, we develop a fabrication process for the transmon multiqubit device with a niobium base layer, shadow-evaporated Josephson junctions, and airbridges across the qubit control lines to suppress crosstalk. Our results show that these multiqubit devices have well-characterized readout resonators, and that the energy relaxation and Ramsey (spin-echo) dephasing times are up to ~40 μs and 14 (47) μs, respectively. We perform single-qubit gate operations that demonstrate a maximum gate fidelity of 99.97%. In addition, two-qubit vacuum Rabi oscillations are measured to evaluate the coupling strength between qubits, and the crosstalk among qubits is found to be less than 1% with the fabricated airbridges. Further improvements in qubit coherence performance using this fabrication process are also discussed.
Non-Hermitian quasicrystal in dimerized lattices

Non-Hermitian quasicrystals possess PT and metal-insulator transitions induced by gain and loss or nonreciprocal effects. In this work, we uncover the nature of localization transitions in a generalized Aubry-Andre-Harper model with dimerized hopping amplitudes and complex onsite potential. By investigating the spectrum, adjacent gap ratios and inverse participation ratios, we find an extended phase, a localized phase and a mobility edge phase, which are originated from the interplay between hopping dimerizations and non-Hermitian onsite potential. The lower and upper bounds of the mobility edge are further characterized by a pair of topological winding numbers, which undergo quantized jumps at the boundaries between different phases. Our discoveries thus unveil the richness of topological and transport phenomena in dimerized non-Hermitian quasicrystals.
Betulinic acid promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by upregulating EGR1

Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammations of the oral cavity, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Betulinic acid (BetA) is an organic acid that has anti-inflammatory effects and is derived from fruits and plants, but its effect on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of BetA on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and its mechanism. Our results revealed that BetA not only promoted the viability of hPDLSCs but also induced their osteogenic differentiation in a dosedependent manner. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after hPDLSCs were treated with BetA, and 127 upregulated and 138 downregulated genes were identified. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in the response to lithium ions and the positive regulation of macrophage-derived foam cell differentiation. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results revealed that DEGs were enriched in the nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-17 signaling pathways. More importantly, we confirmed that early growth response gene 1 (EGR1), one of the three DEGs involved in bone formation, significantly promoted the expression of osteogenic markers and the mineralization of hPDLSCs. Knockdown of EGR1 obviously limited the effect of BetA on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In conclusion, BetA promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs through upregulating EGR1, and BetA might be a promising candidate in the clinical application of periodontal tissue regeneration.
Cellular signaling pathways of T cells in giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a commonly occurring large vacuities characterized by angiopathy of medium and large-sized vessels.GCA granulomatous formation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GCA.Analysis of T cell lineages and signaling pathways in GCA have revealed the essential role of T cells in the pathology of GCA.T cells are the dominant population present in GCA lesions.CD4~+ T cell subtypes that are present include Th1,Th2,Th9,Th17,follicular helper T (Tfh) cells,and regulatory T (Treg) cells.CD8 T cells can primarily differentiate into cytotoxic CD8~+ T lymphocytes and Treg cells.The instrumental part of GCA is the interplay between dendritic cells,macrophages and endothelial cells,which can result in the vascular injury and the characteristics granulomatous infiltrates formation.During the inflammatory loop of GCA,several signaling pathways have been reported to play an essential role in recruiting,activating and differentiating T cells,including T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Jagged-Notch signaling and the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway (JAK-STAT) pathway.In this review,we have focused on the role of T cells and their potential signaling mechanism (s) that are involved in the pathogenesis of GCA.A better understanding of the role of T cells mediated complicated orchestration during the homeostasis and the changes could possibly favor developments of novel treatment strategies against immunological disorders associated with GCA.
High sensitivity cascaded helical-core fiber SPR sensors

The distributed optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have attracted wide attention in biosensing and chemical sensing applications. However, due to the limitation of their sensing structure, it is difficult to adjust their resonant wavelength and sensitivity. Here, novel and flexible cascaded helical-core fiber (HCF) SPR sensors are proposed theoretically and experimentally for distributed sensing applications. It is shown that the resonant wavelength and sensitivity of the sensors can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the twist pitch of the helical core. A high sensitivity of 11,180 nm/RIU for refractive-index measurement ranging from 1.355 to 1.365 is realized experimentally when the twist pitch of the helical core is 1.5 mm. It is worth noting that the sensitivity can be further improved by reducing the twist pitch. For example, the sensitivity of the sensor with a twist pitch of 1.4 mm can theoretically exceed 20,000 nm/RIU. This work opens up a new way to implement multi-parameter or distributed measurement, especially to establish sensing networks integrated in a single-core fiber or a multi-core fiber.
External and Internal Validation of a Computer Assisted Diagnostic Model for Detecting Multi-Organ Mass Lesions in CT images

Objective We developed a universal lesion detector (ULDor) which showed good performance in in-lab experiments. The study aims to evaluate the performance and its ability to generalize in clinical setting via both external and internal validation. Methods The ULDor system consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on around 80K lesion annotations from about 12K CT studies in the DeepLesion dataset and 5 other public organ-specific datasets. During the validation process, the test sets include two parts: the external validation dataset which was comprised of 164 sets of non-contrasted chest and upper abdomen CT scans from a comprehensive hospital, and the internal validation dataset which was comprised of 187 sets of low-dose helical CT scans from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). We ran the model on the two test sets to output lesion detection. Three board-certified radiologists read the CT scans and verified the detection results of ULDor. We used positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity to evaluate the performance of the model in detecting space-occupying lesions at all extra-pulmonary organs visualized on CT images, including liver, kidney, pancreas, adrenal, spleen, esophagus, thyroid, lymph nodes, body wall, thoracic spine, etc. Results In the external validation, the lesion-level PPV and sensitivity of the model were 57.9% and 67.0%, respectively. On average, the model detected 2.1 findings per set, and among them, 0.9 were false positives. ULDor worked well for detecting liver lesions, with a PPV of 78.9% and a sensitivity of 92.7%, followed by kidney, with a PPV of 70.0% and a sensitivity of 58.3%. In internal validation with NLST test set, ULDor obtained a PPV of 75.3% and a sensitivity of 52.0% despite the relatively high noise level of soft tissue on images. Conclusions The performance tests of ULDor with the external real-world data have shown its high effectiveness in multiple-purposed detection for lesions in certain organs. With further optimisation and iterative upgrades, ULDor may be well suited for extensive application to external data.
Fine-tuning inverse metal-support interaction boosts electrochemical transformation of methanol into formaldehyde based on density functional theory

Different from traditional metal-support heterogenous catalysts, inverse heterogeneous catalysts, in which the surface of metal is decorated by metal oxide, have recently attracted increasing interests owing to the unique interfacial effect and electronic structure. However, a deep insight into the effect of metaloxide interaction on the catalytic performance still remains a great challenge. In our work, an inverse hematite/palladium (Fe_2O_3/Pd) hybrid nanostructure, i.e., the active Fe_2O_3 ultrathin oxide layers partially covering on the surface of Pd nanoparticles (NPs), exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance towards methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as compared to the bare Pd NPs based on density functional theory calculation. The charge could transfer from Pd to Fe_2O_3 driven by the built-in potential at the interface of Pd and Fe_2O_3, which favors the downshift of d band center of Pd. With the assistance of interfacial hydroxyl OH*, the cleavage of O-H and C-H in CH_3OH could take place much easily with lower barrier energy on Fe_2O_3/Pd than that on pure Pd via two electrons transferring reaction pathways. Our results highlight that the synergy of Pd and Fe_2O_3 at the interface could facilitate the electrochemical transformation of methanol into formaldehyde assisted with interfacial hydroxyl OH*.