mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of a hybrid solar-fuel cell power delivery system using tuned genetic algorithm

An economic evaluation of a network of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprising a microgrid structure of power delivery system in an Indian scenario has been made. The mathematical analysis is based on the application of tuned genetic algorithm (TGA). The analyses for optimal power operation pertaining to minimum cost have been made for two cases in Indian power delivery system. The first case deals with the consumers’ individual optimal operation of DERs, while in the second one, consumers altogether form a microgrid with the optimal supply of power from DERs. The total annual costs for these two cases are found to be economically competitive and encouraging. A reduction of approximately 5.7% in the annual cost has been obtained in the case of microgid system than that in the separately operating consumers’ system for a small locality of India. It is observed that the application of TGA results in a reduction of the minimum cost depicting an improved outcome in terms of energy economy.
Polaron, molecule and pairing in one-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gas with an attractive Delta-function interaction

Using solutions of the discrete Bethe ansatz equations, we study in detail the quantum impurity problem of a spin-down fermion immersed into a fully ploarized spin-up Fermi sea with weak attraction. We prove that this impurity fermion in the one-dimensional (1D) fermionic medium behaves like a polaron for weak attraction. However, as the attraction grows, the spin-down fermion binds with one spin-up fermion from the fully-polarized medium to form a tightly bound molecule. Thus it is seen that the system undergos a crossover from a mean field polaron-like nature into a mixture of excess fermions and a bosonic molecule as the attraction changes from weak attraction into strong attraction. This polaron–molecule crossover is universal in 1D many-body systems of interacting fermions. In a thermodynamic limit, we further study the relationship between the Fredholm equations for the 1D spin-1/2 Fermi gas with weakly repulsive and attractive delta-function interactions.
Multiple cycles of glacier advance and retreat during the Nantuo (Marinoan) glacial termination in the Three Gorges area

The Snowball Earth hypothesis suggests that the sea water had totally been kept frozen for millions of years in Neoproterozoic glaciation, followed by a rapid and catastrophic deglaciation resulting from the elevated concentration of atmospheric CO_2. However, the sedimentary records are not consistent with the Snowball Earth hypothesis. The Nantuo Formation in Three Gorges area is composed of diamictites, sandstones and siltstones. The geochronology and the unconformity with underlying Liantuo Formation indicate that the Nantuo Formation in Three Gorges area may be the partial record (i.e., the final stage) of the Nantuo glaciation. Our studies on sedimentary successions of the Nantuo Formation convince the stepwise transition from the Cryogenia icehouse to the Ediacaran greenhouse, in which multiple glacier advanceretreat cycles rather than a catastrophic termination could be identified.
TDS-Eh graph analysis: a new water quality index and rural water supply implications of a river affected by mining in south-eastern Nigeria

The Ivo River Basin of south-eastern Nigeria is a water scarce and mining region, which suffers from water scarcity. The influence of mining activities on the quality of the Ivo River and its capacity for community water supply was investigated. Also the efficacy of TDS-Eh graph in explaining water quality was presented. Results indicated that the TDS-Eh graph highlights subtle chemical relationships which control water quality and provide a simple but generic pollution index for rapid water quality assessment. It was also discovered that the Ivo River could become an adequate alternative to groundwater as a source of rural water supply in the study area with an estimated average daily discharge of 6726000 L and a rural population of less than 200000 persons. The Ivo River meets the WHO drinking water standards in 20 physicochemical water quality parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, salinity, TDS, Eh, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, lead and cadmium) analyzed and can therefore (with little treatment) provide up to 133.4% of average community water demand and 83.8% of maximum community water demand. The impact of mining on Ivo River quality was found to have been moderated by the presence of carbonate rocks which may have enhanced the precipitation of heavy metals from the river.
Effective regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial V-W-Ti catalysts

An effective method for the regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial monolith SCR catalysts was investigated. Two types of regenerated solutions, namely NH4Cl (1 mol/L) and dilute H_2SO_4 (0.5 mol/L), were employed to treat the used catalyst. The effects of temperature and the regeneration process on the structural and textural properties of the catalysts were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N_2 adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that the anatase phase of the used catalyst is maintained after exposure to high temperatures. Some of the catalytic activity was restored after regeneration. The catalyst regenerated by aqueous NH4Cl had a higher activity than that of the catalyst treated by dilute H_2SO_4. The main reason is that the NH_3 generated from the decomposition of NH4Cl at high temperatures can be adsorbed onto the catalyst which promotes the reaction. The aggregated V_2O_5 were partially re-dispersed during the regeneration process, and the intrinsic oxidation of ammonia with high concentrations of O_2 is a factor that suppresses the catalytic activity.
Using a novel approach — recombineering — to generate odf2 null alleles

This article uses a real-life example to illustrate the concept and methodology of recombineering, a revolutionary genetic engineering technique based on phage-mediated homologous recombination. A step-by-step approach is presented along with a flow diagram, from obtaining gene-harboring BACs to the in vitro generation of a conditional null allele. This method can be used to target any gene at any position, without the knowledge or use of any restriction site. The extensive applicability of recombineering to gene manipulation is discussed.
General techniques for constructing variational integrators

The numerical analysis of variational integrators relies on variational error analysis, which relates the order of accuracy of a variational integrator with the order of approximation of the exact discrete Lagrangian by a computable discrete Lagrangian. The exact discrete Lagrangian can either be characterized variationally, or in terms of Jacobi’s solution of the Hamilton– Jacobi equation. These two characterizations lead to the Galerkin and shooting constructions for discrete Lagrangians, which depend on a choice of a numerical quadrature formula, together with either a finite-dimensional function space or a one-step method. We prove that the properties of the quadrature formula, finite-dimensional function space, and underlying one-step method determine the order of accuracy and momentum-conservation properties of the associated variational integrators. We also illustrate these systematic methods for constructing variational integrators with numerical examples.
Improved linear response for stochastically driven systems

The recently developed short-time linear response algorithm, which predicts the average response of a nonlinear chaotic system with forcing and dissipation to small external perturbation, generally yields high precision of the response prediction, although suffers from numerical instability for long response times due to positive Lyapunov exponents. However, in the case of stochastically driven dynamics, one typically resorts to the classical fluctuationdissipation formula, which has the drawback of explicitly requiring the probability density of the statistical state together with its derivative for computation, which might not be available with sufficient precision in the case of complex dynamics (usually a Gaussian approximation is used). Here, we adapt the short-time linear response formula for stochastically driven dynamics, and observe that, for short and moderate response times before numerical instability develops, it is generally superior to the classical formula with Gaussian approximation for both the additive and multiplicative stochastic forcing. Additionally, a suitable blending with classical formula for longer response times eliminates numerical instability and provides an improved response prediction even for long response times.
Chronic cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin involves activation of myocardial and circulating matrix metalloproteinases in rats

Aim: To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the responses of rats to a prolonged doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. DOX was administered by intraperitoneal injections of seven doses (cumulative dose was 15 mg/kg). Control animals were treated with saline. Tissue or plasma samples were collected at four and eight weeks after the application of the last dose. Protein levels were determined by immunoblot assay, and MMP activities were measured by gelatin zymography. Superoxide content was analyzed using a lucigenin chemiluminescence assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with a SOD assay kit. Qualitative structural alterations of the heart were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in DOX-treated rats as compared with the control rats at 8 weeks after treatment. In contrast, there were no differences in the heart rate between the control and DOX-treated rats. DOX treatment caused marked heterogeneous subcellular alterations of cardiomyocytes and structural disorganizations of the cardiac extracellular space. The effects of DOX were linked to a stimulation of plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities that had already increased by 4 weeks after the end of the treatment. In the left ventricle, however, DOX only led to increased MMP-2 activation at 8 weeks after the end of treatment. These changes in tissue MMP-2 were connected with stimulation of Akt kinase activation, inhibition of SOD, an increase in superoxide levels, induction of iNOS protein expression and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: Our results show that MMPs are involved in the chronic cardiotoxicity of DOX in rats. The data also suggest that reactive oxygen species (superoxide), NO production (iNOS) and the Akt kinase pathway can modulate MMP-2 activities in rat hearts influenced by DOX.
3D Numerical Analysis of the Arc Plasma Behavior in a Submerged DC Electric Arc Furnace for the Production of Fused MgO

A three dimensional steady-state magnetohydrodynamic model is developed for the arc plasma in a DC submerged electric arc furnace for the production of fused MgO. The arc is generated in a small semi-enclosed space formed by the graphite electrode, the molten bath and unmelted raw materials. The model is first used to solve a similar problem in a steel making furnace, and the calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the published measurements. The behavior of arcs with difierent arc lengths is also studied in the furnace for MgO production. From the distribution of the arc pressure on the bath surface it is shown that the arc plasma impingement is large enough to cause a crater-like depression on the surface of the MgO bath. The circulation of the high temperature air under the electrode may enhance the arc eciency, especially for a shorter arc.
A Novel Nanosecond Pulsed Power Unit for the Formation of ·OH in Water

A novel nanosecond pulsed power unit was developed for plasma treatment of wastewater, based on the theory of magnetic pulse compression and semiconductor opening switch (SOS). The peak value, rise time and pulse duration of the output voltage were observed to be -51 kV, 60 ns and 120 ns, respectively. The concentrations of ·OH generated by the novel nanosecond pulsed plasma power were determined using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the concentrations of ·OH increased with the increase in peak voltage, and the generation rates of ·OH were 4.1x10~(-10) mol/s, 5.7x10~(-10) mol/s, and 7.7x10~(-10) mol/s at 30 kV, 35 kV, and 40 kV, respectively. The eciency of OH generation was found to be independent of the input parameters for applied power, with an average value of 3.23x10~(-12) mol/J obtained.
应用尺骨近端解剖钢板治疗鹰嘴骨折

[目的]探讨切开复位钢板内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折疗效。[方法]回顾分析本院自2006年10月~2009年10月治疗53例尺骨鹰嘴骨折资料,其中男28例,女25例;年龄20~55岁,平均38.6岁;左侧19例,右侧34例;简单骨折39例,粉碎骨折14例;开放性骨折2例,闭合性骨折51例,其中合并尺骨冠状突骨折2例,合并桡骨小头骨折、肘关节前脱位2例。手术时机:伤后2 h~7 d(平均3.5 d)。[结果]53例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~31个月,平均23.5个月。骨折愈合良好,平均愈合时间4.8个月(3~9个月)。按Broberg疗效评定标准评定,疗效优37例,良11例,优良率90.6%。[结论]钢板固定能够恢复滑车切迹解剖结构,利于早期功能练习,骨折愈合率高,并发症少,临床疗效良好,是鹰嘴骨折较好治疗方案之一。
迟发性骨髓炎及其发病机制和相关问题的探讨

化脓性骨髓炎是骨科治疗的难题之一。目前由于骨折内固定术、人工关节置换术和脊柱疾病的手术治疗发展很快,已取得了优良的效果。但与之相伴的术后化脓性感染相对增加,其中迟发性骨髓炎发生概率虽很低,尚未见专题报道,但临床上确有增多之趋势。本文研究、报道我院收治的3例。结合文献就其发病机制和相关问题进行探讨。
高溴离子原水深度处理溴酸盐的控制与对策

黄浦江水源中溴离子浓度较高,一般在0.2~0.3mg/L,采用臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理工艺,在冬天氨氮大于0.5mg/L时,溴酸盐较低。随着氨氮降低,溴酸盐会升高,有可能超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)中规定的限值,采用在后臭氧接触池前加0.3mg/L氨的方法,能有效控制溴酸盐生成。
肱骨巨大内生软骨瘤1例

骨梗死在X线平片上表现为圆形、椭圆形或不规则形的高密度硬化影,排列成串或散在分布,少数呈蜿蜒状钙化,钙化一般从外周到中央,边缘相对欠清楚。MRI表现典型,常呈地图状,在T_1WI上可见边缘迂曲葡行的低信号带,T_2WI呈高信号,但T_2WI缺乏高信号的软骨。内生软骨瘤在T_1WI和T_2WI边缘均呈低信号带。
胸膜腔巨大结核性肉芽肿一例

讨论肺结核为常见多发病，在机体免疫力、变态反应和细菌的致病力几种力量对比中，若前者占优势，结核病变便可吸收、缩小、纤维化、钙化等，病变趋于稳定和治愈。相反，病灶扩散、增多、溶解、干酪样坏死及空洞形成；当菌量较少，毒力较低或人体免疫反应较强时，则发生以增生为主的变化，在肺内形成具有一定诊断特征的结核性肉芽肿（结核结节），单个结核结节肉眼不易看见，多个结节融合成较大结节时才能见到，其境界分明，约粟粒大小，呈灰白半透明状，有干酪样坏死时则略呈黄色。部分病例结核菌侵入胸膜腔，引起胸膜纤维蛋白或浆液性纤维蛋白渗出为主要病理变化的胸膜炎症，导致胸腔积液、胸膜肥厚、粘连等结核性胸膜炎表现，而本例在胸膜腔形成巨大结核肉芽肿，可能是由于持续病菌侵入，同时由于结核药物的作用和患者免疫力的增强，发生以增生为主的变化，结核结节形成并融合成团，周围肉芽组织增生，炎性细胞浸润，形成干酪样肿块，且体积巨大，实属少见。本病需与肺癌鉴别，后者多边缘不规则，毛刺、分叶明显，与胸膜为牵拉关系呈"兔耳征"，痰查癌细胞或活组织检查可以确定诊断；尚需与肺脓肿、陈旧性包裹性积液（脓）相鉴别，肺脓肿有咳脓痰、高热病史，病灶周围可见炎性浸润；而与陈旧包裹性积液不易鉴别，确诊需病理学检查。
机场周边环境大气PM10中重金属的污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解机场周边PM10中重金属的污染特征及健康风险,于2011年4月采集某机场飞机起降点附近的空气PM10,并使用X射线荧光光谱法检测样品Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr含量。结果显示,机场周边空气PM10中不同重金属的含量变化范围较大,Zn、Pb分别为1.105 8、0.614 0μg/m~3,其次是Cu、Cr、Ni,分别为0.244 7、0.175 5、0.095 3μg/m~3。5种重金属元素的富集因子均超过10,其中Pb富集因子最大,其次是Zn,Cr最小。起降点空气PM2.5吸附的5种重金属对儿童的非致癌危害指数(HI)均大于1,成人HI值均小于1。对于致癌重金属,致癌总风险分别为5.141 3×10~(-4),4.893 7×10~(-4)。可见该机场周边PM10中重金属污染最严重的为Pb和Zn;PM10吸附的5种重金属具有一定的致癌风险,对成人不存在非致癌危险,而对儿童存在一定的非致癌危险。
安儿宁颗粒的镇咳祛痰作用

目的:研究安儿宁颗粒镇咳、祛痰作用。方法:通过小鼠氨水引咳法、小鼠酚红排泄法及大鼠气管毛细管引流分泌液量测定法研究安儿宁颗粒镇咳、祛痰作用。结果:安儿宁颗粒能显著减少氨水导致的小鼠咳嗽次数,增加小鼠气管内酚红排泄量及大鼠气管分泌液量。结论:安儿宁颗粒具有镇咳、祛痰作用。
Improving the CoLM in Taklimakan Desert Hinterland with Accurate Key Parameters and an Appropriate Parameterization Scheme

Improving and validating land surface models based on integrated observations in deserts is one of the challenges in land modeling. Particularly, key parameters and parameterization schemes in desert regions need to be evaluated in-situ to improve the models. In this study, we calibrated the land-surface key parameters and evaluated several formulations or schemes for thermal roughness length (z 0h) in the common land model (CoLM). Our parameter calibration and scheme evaluation were based on the observed data during a torrid summer (29 July to 11 September 2009) over the Taklimakan Desert hinterland. First, the importance of the key parameters in the experiment was evaluated based on their physics principles and the significance of these key parameters were further validated using sensitivity test. Second, difference schemes (or physics-based formulas) of z 0h were adopted to simulate the variations of energy-related variables (e.g., sensible heat flux and surface skin temperature) and the simulated variations were then compared with the observed data. Third, the z 0h scheme that performed best (i.e., Y07) was then selected to replace the defaulted one (i.e., Z98); the revised scheme and the superiority of Y07 over Z98 was further demonstrated by comparing the simulated results with the observed data. Admittedly, the revised model did a relatively poor job of simulating the diurnal variations of surface soil heat flux, and nighttime soil temperature was also underestimated, calling for further improvement of the model for desert regions.
An Investigation of the Effects of Wave State and Sea Spray on an Idealized Typhoon Using an Air-Sea Coupled Modeling System

In this study, the impact of atmosphere-wave coupling on typhoon intensity was investigated using numerical simulations of an idealized typhoon in a coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean modeling system. The coupling between atmosphere and sea surface waves considered the effects of wave state and sea sprays on air-sea momentum flux, the atmospheric low-level dissipative heating, and the wave-state-affected sea- spray heat flux. Several experiments were conducted to examine the impacts of wave state, sea sprays, and dissipative heating on an idealized typhoon system. Results show that considering the wave state and sea-spray-affected sea-surface roughness reduces typhoon intensity, while including dissipative heating intensifies the typhoon system. Taking into account sea spray heat flux also strengthens the typhoon system with increasing maximum wind speed and significant wave height. The overall impact of atmosphere-wave coupling makes a positive contribution to the intensification of the idealized typhoon system. The minimum central pressure simulated by the coupled atmosphere-wave experiment was 16.4 hPa deeper than that of the control run, and the maximum wind speed and significant wave height increased by 31% and 4%, respectively. Meanwhile, within the area beneath the typhoon center, the average total upward air-sea heat flux increased by 22%, and the averaged latent heat flux increased more significantly by 31% compared to the uncoupled run.
Designing a Regional Nitrogen Cycle Module of Grassland for the IAP-N Model

Assessment of the nitrogen (N) balance and its long-term trend is necessary for management practices because of the negative environmental effects caused by an imbalance of reactive N in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we designed a module for the IAP-N (Improving Anthropogenic Practices of managing reactive Nitrogen) model to enable it to assess the N budget of regional grasslands. The module was developed to quantify the individual components of the N inputs and outputs for grassland ecosystems using livestock and human populations, grassland area, and fossil-energy consumption data as the model inputs. In this paper, the estimation approaches for individual components of N budget, data acquisition, and parameter selection are described in detail. The model was applied to assess the N budget of Inner Mongolia in 2006 at the county scale. The simulation results show that the most important pathway of N outputs from the grassland was livestock intake. The N output from livestock intake was especially large in the middle of Inner Mongolia. Biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and livestock excreta deposition were comparably important for the N inputs into the grassland. The N budget for Inner Mongolia grassland in 2006 was -1.7×10 8 ±0.6×10 8 kg. The case study for Inner Mongolia shows that the new grassland module for the IAP-N model can capture the characteristics of the N budget in a semiarid grassland.
Global Response to Tropical Diabatic Heating Variability in Boreal Winter

Global teleconnections associated with tropical convective activities were investigated, based on monthly data of 29 Northern Hemisphere winters: December, January, February, and March (DJFM). First, EOF analyses were performed on the outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data to characterize the convective ac- tivity variability in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. The first EOF mode of the convective activity was highly correlated with the ENSO. The second EOF mode had an east-west dipole structure, and the third EOF mode had three convective activity centers. Two distinct teleconnection patterns were identified that were associated, respectively, with the second and third EOF modes. A global primitive equation model was used to investigate the physical mechanism that causes the global circulation anoma- lies. The model responses to anomalous tropical thermal forcings that mimic the EOF patterns matched the general features of the observed circulation anomalies well, and they were mainly controlled by linear processes. The importance of convective activities in the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific to the extended- and long-range forecasting capability in the extratropics is discussed.
Use of Total Precipitable Water Classification of A Priori Error and Quality Control in Atmospheric Temperature and Water Vapor Sounding Retrieval

This study investigates the use of dynamic a priori error information according to atmospheric moistness and the use of quality controls in temperature and water vapor profile retrievals from hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders. Temperature and water vapor profiles are retrieved from Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) radiance measurements by applying a physical iterative method using regression retrieval as the first guess. Based on the dependency of first-guess errors on the degree of atmospheric moistness, the a priori first-guess errors classified by total precipitable water (TPW) are applied in the AIRS physical retrieval procedure. Compared to the retrieval results from a fixed a priori error, boundary layer moisture retrievals appear to be improved via TPW classification of a priori first-guess errors. Six quality control (QC) tests, which check non-converged or bad retrievals, large residuals, high terrain and desert areas, and large temperature and moisture deviations from the first guess regression retrieval, are also applied in the AIRS physical retrievals. Significantly large errors are found for the retrievals rejected by these six QCs, and the retrieval errors are substantially reduced via QC over land, which suggest the usefulness and high impact of the QCs, especially over land. In conclusion, the use of dynamic a priori error information according to atmospheric moistness, and the use of appropriate QCs dealing with the geographical information and the deviation from the first-guess as well as the conventional inverse performance are suggested to improve temperature and moisture retrievals and their applications.
Reconstructed Light Extinction Coefficients Using Chemical Compositions of PM2.5 in Winter in Urban Guangzhou, China

The objective of this study was to reconstruct light extinction coefficients (b ext) according to chemical composition components of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in size (PM 2.5). PM 2.5 samples were collected at the monitoring station of the South China of Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES, Guangzhou, China) during January 2010, and the online absorbing and scattering coefficients were obtained using an aethalometer and a nephelometer. The measured values of light absorption coefficient by particle (b ap) and light scattering coefficient by particle (b sp) significantly correlated (R 2 > 0.95) with values of b ap and b sp that were reconstructed using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) formula when RH was <70%. The measured b ext had a good correlation (R 2 > 0.83) with the calculated b ext under ambient RH conditions. The result of source apportionment of b ext showed that ammonium sulfate [(NH 4) 2 SO 4 ] was the largest contributor (35.0%) to b ext, followed by ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3, 22.9%), organic matter (16.1%), elemental carbon (11.8%), sea salt (4.7%), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2, 9.6%). To improve visibility in Guangzhou, the effective control of secondary particles like sulfates, nitrates, and ammonia should be given more attention in urban environmental management.