mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
重视儿童ICU难治性癫痫持续状态的系统评估与治疗

癫痫持续状态(status epilepticus, SE)是儿童最常见的神经系统急危重症。传统上SE定义为癫痫发作持续30 min以上或两次惊厥发作之间意识未恢复。这个定义可能导致对癫痫发作的监护与抢救延误而引起不良后果。目前国际上已经将SE定义修改为持续5 min以上癫痫发作,通常分为两个时间点,即t_1和t_2,分别为癫痫可能持续的时间和癫痫发作可能导致长期不良后果的时间。对于强直阵挛性发作,t_1是5 min, t_2是30 min。但对于局灶性SE或非惊厥型持续状态的时间点仍未确切界定。难治性SE (refractory status epilepticus,RSE)指持续或反复临床发作及脑电图痫性放电>60 min,经2~3种一、二线药物治疗无效。超级难治性SE (super-RSE, SRSE)定义为使用包括麻醉剂等治疗后发作持续24 h以上的发作状态。
表皮生长因子受体20号外显子插入突变晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗现状

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)代表了一类治疗上具有一定特殊性的肺癌,即具有EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者一线治疗优先选用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)。然而,作为EGFR突变中第三常见的20号外显子插入突变(ex20ins),对肿瘤治疗的反应与敏感突变并不一致,对TKIs整体反应不理想。本文介绍了EGFR ex20ins NSCLC的临床特征和预后,并重点探讨了其对TKIs、化疗和免疫治疗等不同治疗方式的反应,以期能为临床医师的治疗决策提供参考。
急性胰腺炎中的免疫调控新认识

急性胰腺炎(AP)是常见的消化系统疾病,其中重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)合并脏器功能不全、全身炎症反应综合征可诱发局部和全身并发症,从而造成不良后果,甚至危及患者生命。AP的常见病因包括胆石症、饮酒、高脂血症等,病理机制主要包括胰蛋白酶学说、细胞损伤机制、微循环障碍、溶酶体和线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、钙超载、自噬受损、内质网应激等。本文通过总结、梳理AP免疫调控中的关键免疫细胞和细胞因子,根据AP发病特点,探索精准诊疗的预警标志物和干预靶标。
脊髓性肌萎缩症相关生存质量评估工具的研究进展

脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)是一种以进行性肌无力和肌萎缩为主要特征的常染色体隐性遗传病,常伴有多器官功能损害,患者生存质量低下。生存质量评估可客观全面反映个体健康状况,并有助于临床病情评估及指导治疗。本文通过综述国内外SMA生存质量评估量表相关文献,同时结合中国SMA诊疗现状,探求适合中国SMA患者生存质量的测评工具,以期为综合评估SMA患者生存质量和指导临床干预提供参考。
胃癌术后医源性结肠漏3例的诊治体会

回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月就诊于郑州大学附属肿瘤医院普外科行胃癌根治术后出现结肠漏3例患者的临床资料。结果表明,2例患者二次手术行肠造瘘术后顺利出院,1例患者在保守治疗失败后再次行回肠造瘘后顺利出院。胃癌术后结肠漏治疗应以肠造瘘为主,保守治疗效果不佳;术中应及时消除隐患,减少结肠漏的发生。
复发性子宫颈癌盆腔廓清术后并发消化道瘘4例临床分析

目的探讨盆腔廓清术治疗复发性子宫颈癌术后出现消化道瘘的病因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2021年12月北京大学人民医院实施的盆腔廓清术60例患者中,术后发生4例以消化道瘘为表现的空盆腔综合征患者的临床病理特点,以及出现消化道瘘后的治疗方式、随访结局。结果4例盆腔廓清术后并发消化道瘘患者中,1例接受保守治疗,3例接受再次手术治疗,其中2例患者术后病理检查提示肿瘤复发;2例患者消化道瘘得以缓解,现在肿瘤治疗随访中,2例患者死亡。结论盆腔廓清术的手术创伤大,并发症多,其中最严重的并发症为消化道瘘,严重影响手术效果及患者的生命质量。
Proton-transfer-induced in situ defect passivation for highly efficient wide-bandgap inverted perovskite solar cells

Wide-bandgap (>1.68 eV) inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been recognized as promising top component cells on the commercial crystalline silicon cell to surpass its Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is dramatically limited by the huge open-circuit voltage (Voc) loss. Herein, we propose a proton-transfer-induced in situ defect passivation strategy to reduce the nonradiative recombination to minimize the Voc loss. Specifically, a liquid-form neutral amine, 3,4,5-trifluorobenzylamine (TFBA) was added into ethyl acetate (EA) as anti-solvent for the film preparation, which induces proton-transfer from the formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA) in the perovskite precursors to the TFBA. The protonated TFBA exhibits a gradient distribution near the surface of the perovskite film, achieving in situ defect passivation. As a result, TFBA-based 1.68 eV-bandgap inverted PSCs afforded a PCE of 20.39%, one of the highest for cells with this bandgap. Meanwhile, due to the strong interaction between TFBA and the perovskite film, the mixed-halide perovskites demonstrate much better photostability. Our findings offer an effective strategy to passivate defects in PSCs.
Transition to cleaner cooking energy in Ghana

Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal 7 and other related goals hinges on increased access to clean energy alternatives for all people irrespective of where they live. However, most developing countries including Ghana still rely largely on traditional biomass as the main source of household energy as a result of a myriad of challenges. From the foregoing, the present study uses the Ghana Living Standard Survey 7(GLSS 7)household data and the multinomial logit regression model to analyse the factors that determine the transition to cleaner cooking energy in Ghana. The analysis shows that the main determinants of household energy choice in Ghana are education, household dwelling type, household size, employment and income group. Whereas education, modern housing, paid employment and higher income increase the adoption of cleaner energy, a higher dependency ratio and employment in the informal sector increase the likelihood of using unclean energy. Increased access to education and the adoption of policies to improve housing conditions, employment and incomes are recommended to encourage the adoption of cleaner energy alternatives.
Monitoring of lithium-ion cells using a microcontroller

Safe and efficient operation of batteries is always desired but batteries with a high energy density pose a threat to the system causing thermal breakdown, reduced performance and rapid ageing. To reduce such vulnerabilities, an optimum environment with controlled parameters is required. Four parameters have been considered for analysis, i.e. state of charge, current, voltage and temperature. The module makes a detailed analysis of the above-mentioned parameters and suggests a microcontroller-based prototype that is capable of monitoring the external factors in real time and generating relevant warnings.
Hydrogen evolution and electromigration in the corrosion of aluminium metal sheath inside high-voltage cables

The urgent need for power transmission is the reason for leading research on the safer operation of high-voltage cables. These high-voltage cables are emerging as an efficient technology for underground power transmission. However, the electrochemical corrosion of aluminium (Al) metal sheaths in these cables is a common and challenging degradation process. Herein, the corrosion mechanisms and electrochemical analysis are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and laboratory-designed electrochemical characterisation techniques. In the corrosion experiments, the authors evaluated the corrosion rate by measuring the release rate of hydrogen gas and explored the different roles of sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) during the corrosion process. It is found that the complexation reactions between NaPA and Al inhibited corrosion while increased the resistance of the buffer layer. The proposed mechanisms of corrosion in this study can improve the lifespan and sustainability of high-voltage power transmission.
Hybrid HVDC circuit breakers with an energy absorption branch of a parallel arrester structure

Hybrid circuit breakers (CBs) are the most promising technology to isolate DC faults in modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based DC grids. However, they consist of expensive power electronic components that are sensitive to high overvoltage and overcurrent. This study proposes a hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker with an energy absorption branch of a parallel arrester structure, and investigates the possibility of reducing the fault current and the switching overvoltage. First, the basic principle of an energy absorption branch with a parallel arrester structure is presented. Then, the simultaneous and sequential insertion strategies are illustrated. Second, each strategy and each structure are combined separately to analyse their respective characteristics in reducing the overvoltage, the fault current, the energy absorption and the fault clearance time. The sequential insertion strategy of the proposed energy absorption branch is proved to have the best performance. Finally, the trade-offs between these four metrics are achieved through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II). A general method to determine the parameters of the proposed energy absorption branch from the Pareto front based on different preferences is provided. Simulations on PSCAD show that sequential insertion of the proposed energy absorption branch with the optimal parameters is able to suppress the switching overvoltage and limit the fault current to a relatively low extent simultaneously.
Octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on tailoring the DC electrical characteristics of polypropylene

This work reports the effect of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OvPOSS) on tuning the electrical performance of polypropylene (PP). OvPOSS with different content are introduced into PP using the solution method. The microstructural morphology, crystallinity behaviour, breakdown strength, DC conductivity, space charge formation, and trapping level distribution are measured. The results indicate that the OvPOSS nanofiller can be dispersed uniformly with a doping content of 2.0 phr or less. The DC conductivity is decreased, and the breakdown strength of OvPOSS/PP nano-composites is significantly increased. The space charge accumulation of the OvPOSS/PP nanocomposites is significantly suppressed due to the introduction of deeper traps by the OvPOSS nanofiller. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the OvPOSS nanofiller can greatly increase the electrical performance of the base PP and the OvPOSS/PP nanocomposites have much potential for HVDC applications. They further demonstrate that the PP is environmental-friendly due to its thermo-plastic property, which can be recycled after the manufacture.
A non-equal gap distance dielectric barrier discharge: Between cone-shape and cylinder-shape electrodes

A non-equal gap distance dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) between cone-shape and a cylinder-shaped electrodes is reported. The DBD is driven by a nanosecond voltage pulse. When the pulse frequency is 500 Hz or lower, ladder-shape plasma with multiple plasma layers is generated within the gap, with a distance increasing from 1 to 7 mm. According to high-speed photographs of the plasma captured by an intensified charge-coupled camera detector camera, the ladder-shaped plasma is formed owing to propagation of ring-shaped plasma from the region of the short-gap distance to the region of long-gap distance with regular variations in its propagation speed. The propagation speed drops to zero and lasts for about 20-30 ns at the region of each plasma layer, which results in bright plasma layers. The electric field of the plasma layer at the region of the different gap distance is evaluated according to the optical emission intensity ratio R391/394 of N_2~+ at 391 nm and N_2 at 394 nm. The obtained electric field drops from 8.1 to 6.4 kV/mm when the plasma is propagated from regions of gap distance of 2-5 mm. When the pulse frequency is increased to 1 kHz or higher, the discharge changes into a filamentary mode and the multiple-layer plasma disappears.
Review of interface tailoring techniques and applications to improve insulation performance

Interfaces between different materials, for instance, electrode-dielectrics and vacuum/air/SF6-insulators and oilpaper, are universal in high-voltage insulation systems. Targeted tailoring of the interfacial properties, e.g. chemical structures, micro-/nanoscale morphology, the charge injection barrier, trap states, and surface conductivity, is thought to be an effective approach to improve insulation properties such as breakdown and flashover strength, corona/tracking resistance, and wettability. In this article, the authors review recent progress in interface tailoring methods and their application to improve various insulation properties. The potential application scenarios of interface tailoring in different facilities are first summarised, and the desired insulation properties of various applications are highlighted. Interface tailoring methods are classified as physical/chemical surface modification and surface coating (inorganic, organic and composite), and the features of different techniques are described in detail. The structure-property relationships between interfacial states and various microscopic parameters such as charge injection barrier, trap distribution and surface conductivity are discussed together with the tailoring mechanisms for different insulation properties. Finally, the future development prospects of interface tailoring methods and their applications, e.g. multifunctional coating and stimuli-response smart coating, are presented.
Review of flash sintering with strong electric field

Flash sintering is a novel field-assisted sintering technology for ceramics that allows a dramatic reduction in processing time and temperature. Since 2010, when flash sintering was first reported, it has been a focus of research interest in the field of materials science. Recent study results have confirmed that the sintering temperature decreases with the strength of the applied electric field; for some ceramics, the sintering temperature can be lowered even to room temperature. This represents an innovative breakthrough for ceramic sintering at ultra-low temperatures. However, once the electric field strength in flash sintering is increased, new questions and challenges arise, such as whether or not partial discharge occurs in the green body if under electro-thermal coupling stress, how to quantitatively analyse the impact of discharge on sintering, and, moreover, whether the sintering mechanism under a strong electric field is consistent with that under a weak electric field. These research questions require knowledge of partial discharge detection, dielectric theory, and other topics that are beyond the scope of materials science. To address this need, this review summarises the work carried out in flash sintering with a strong electric field from the perspective of high voltage and insulation technology. First, the flash sintering process and mechanism are briefly introduced. Then, the published literature on flash sintering with a strong electric field for various ceramic materials is summarised in depth. In addition, experimental phenomena that are observed in flash sintering with a strong electric field, such as flash and blackening, are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for future work are presented. It is anticipated that the knowledge gap between different areas of study can be filled by this review.
Euphoric effect induced by zolpidem: a case study of magnetoencephalography

Initially, zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, was considered to have fewer adverse reactions than traditional benzodiazepines. However, after zolpidem was approved for medical use, an increasing number of case reports have described abuse or dependence complications. We were especially interested in the cases of dependence that presented a paradoxical 'euphoric' effect of zolpidem. This article reports the case of a female zolpidem-dependent patient who presented with 6 years of daily use of 400-1400 mg of zolpidem. She reported subjective effects of euphoria, intense craving and the inability to stop drug ingestion. Her diagnoses were zolpidem dependence and a depressive episode induced by substance abuse. To explore the neural mechanisms of the euphoric effect caused by high-dose zolpidem, we performed repeated magnetoencephalography(MEG)recordings. Before undergoing detoxification, her MEG results indicated that cerebellar electrical signal activation increased when taking high zolpidem doses. However, the prefrontal and parietal lobes' electrical signal activity showed a tendency to recover to a normal state as the withdrawal time progressed to completion. This case suggests that the cerebellum plays a role in the euphoria induced by high zolpidem doses and provides clues for further research.
Blockchain abnormal behavior awareness methods: a survey

With the wide application and development of blockchain technology in various fields such as finance, government affairs and medical care, security incidents occur frequently on it, which brings great threats to users'assets and information. Many researchers have worked on blockchain abnormal behavior awareness in respond to these threats. We summarize respectively the existing public blockchain and consortium blockchain abnormal behavior awareness methods and ideas in detail as the difference between the two types of blockchain. At the same time, we summarize and analyze the existing data sets related to mainstream blockchain security, and finally discuss possible future research directions. Therefore, this work can provide a reference for blockchain security awareness research.
Social media video analysis methodology for sarin exposure

As social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous, many events are recorded and released on social media platforms, including chemical weapon attacks. We develop an objective tool in order to evaluate brief and unstructured social media videos for analysing sarin exposure from a civilian medical pathology perspective. We developed and validated this new questionnaire using a standardized procedure that includes content domain specification, item pool generation, content validity evaluation, a pilot study, and assessment of reliability and validity. In total, 51 sarin attacks and 48 matched videos were analysed. Cronbach's α for all 20 items was 0.75, which indicates adequate internal reliability. The test-retest reliability was 0.96, which indicates good internal reliability. The inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. After verifying sampling adequacy with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and the factorability of the items with Barlett's test of sphericity, a factor analysis was performed. According to the principal axis factoring, a six-factor solution explained 51.86% of the total variance. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Video Score Questionnaire has a sensitivity of 0.817, a specificity of 0.478, and an efficiency of 65.3. Therefore, the Video Score Questionnaire is reliable and valid for evaluating sarin attacks from brief and unstructured social media videos.
Stature estimation from footprint measurements in Bangladeshi adults

The estimation of stature is very important in forensic investigation, as it provides useful data that can narrow the pool of potentially matching identities. The purpose of this study was to develop formulae for the estimation of stature from footprint measurements in Bangladeshi adults. This study included 118 randomly selected men and 130 randomly selected women, all aged 18-50 years. From each participant, stature and six footprint measurements were taken by means of standard measurement techniques. Footprint measurements were found to be positively correlated with stature. Stature was estimated by using linear regression equations. The right T1 length in men (R:+0.587, R~2: 0.345) and the right T2 length in women (R:+0.506, R~2: 0.256) were the most reliable individual estimators of stature. However, when data were combined for both sexes, the right T2 length was identified as the most reliable estimator of stature, with higher values of R (+0.792) and R~2 (0.627). In conclusion, human stature can be successfully estimated by using footprint measurements; this finding can be applied in forensic research and investigation.
The relationship between gunshot-residue particle size and Boltzmann distribution

Gunshot-residue (GSR) particles usually form spherical structures, have special dimensions, and a composition that consists of burned and partially unburned matter with a 0.5-50-µm diameter (sometimes larger). The GSR particle-size distributions have been argued to be caused by the effects of equilibrium-surface distributions during formation and have not yet been correlated with a theoretical analysis or probability distribution. This study proposes a model to explain the GSR particle-size distribution quantitatively. Based on the data, and, as predicted by our model, the number of GSR particles decreases proportionally to the inverse square of the GSR particle size as the particle size increases. This result occurs because of the abundance of microstructures that are encountered in the GSR particles.
Surrogate cytokine agonists: promising agents against COVID-19

Cytokines are small cell-signaling proteins which are critical coordinators for the immune response that takes place in infection and inflammation. A recent study published in Cell by Yen et al. demonstrated an innovative modular platform enabled engineering surrogate ligand for cytokine receptors therein displayed versatile functional activities. Further, the novel "cytokine med-chem" strategy they presented has been proved to be applicable to many cell surface transmembrane receptor systems, especially for the surrogate interferons (IFNs), that exhibited potent inhibition of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with restrained proinflammatory effects. This research provided a powerful screening platform for cytokine drug discovery and particularly inspired the development of small molecule drugs for Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Cuproptosis: lipoylated TCA cycle proteins-mediated novel cell death pathway

In a recent study published in Science, Tsvetkov et al. shed a light on a new form of cell death, copper-dependent cell death (termed cuproptosis). They defined "cuproptosis" as a nonapoptotic cell death pathway. They have demonstrated that copper directly binds to lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Then aggregation of these copper-bound, lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and subsequent Fe-S cluster protein loss triggered proteotoxic stress and a distinct form of cell death.
DNA methylation profiling reveals new potential subtype-specific gene markers for early-stage renal cell carcinoma in Caucasian population

Background:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top adult cancers worldwide,with a challenging management due to lack of early diagnosis,therapy resistance,and diverse molecular background.Aberrant DNA methylation has been associated with RCC development due to transcription deregulation.We discovered potential DNA methylation-based biomarkers for stage I RCC in Caucasian population from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Methods:Patients' clinical,methylation beta-value,and mRNA expression data were retrieved.Differential methylation and expression analysis were conducted to obtain differentially methylated CpG-gene pairs.Inversely correlated CpG-gene pairs between their expression and methylation levels were selected using Pearson's correlation test and then screened for any recorded somatic mutations.Their biomarker capacities were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic analysis,followed by protein network and functional enrichment analysis.Results:We obtained differentially methylated CpGs in clear cell (KIRC) and papillary RCC (KIRP) but not chromophobe RCC (KICH).Six inversely correlated CpG-gene pairs with no reported cancer-associated mutations were selected.Prognostic values were found in ATXN1 and RFTN1 for KIRC,along with GRAMD1B and TM4SF19 for KIRP,while diagnostic values were found in VIM and RFTN1 for KIRC,along with TNFAIP6 and TM4SF19 for KIRP.Both subtypes showed enrichment of immune and metabolism-related pathways.Conclusion:We discovered novel potential DNA methylation-based prognostic and diagnostic markers for early-stage RCC in Caucasian population.Validation by wet laboratory analysis and adjustments for confounding variables might be needed,considering our study limitation to specific race.
Integrated energy view of wastewater treatment: A potential of electrochemical biodegradation

It has been more than one century since the activated sludge process was invented. Despite its proven stability and reliability, the energy(especially the electrical energy)use in wastewater treatment should evolve to meet the increasingly urgent demand of energy efficiency. This paper discusses how the energy utilized in conventional biological wastewater treatment can be altered by switching the indirect energy input to a direct electricity injection, which is achieved by the electrode integration providing extra thermodynamic driving force to biodegradation. By using electrodes instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors, the electrical energy can be utilized more efficiently, and the key of direct use of electrical energy in biodegradation is the development of highly active electroactive biofilm and the increase of electron transfer between microbes and the electrode. Furthermore, the synergy of different microbial electrochemical units has additional benefit in energy and resource recovery, making wastewater treatment more sustainable.