mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Solar forcing of desert vegetation and drought frequency during the last 2700 years in the interior Qaidam Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Knowledge of long-term change in vegetation and climate in semi-arid/arid regions is essential for the study of current climate and development of mitigation strategies against severe drought.Here,a fossil pollen record of annually-varved core from Sugan Lake in interior Qaidam Basin was quantitatively analyzed to reconstruct changes in vegetation,floristic diversity and drought frequency.Results of biomization suggested that regional vegetation was desert vegetation with three short-term occupations of temperate steppe/xerophytic shrub during the last 2700 years.Floristic diversity generally increased/decreased with the expansion/degradation of desert vegetation.Moisture fluctuations showed three distinct stages (extremely dry between 742BC and ~AD500,relatively wet with an increasing trend between ~AD500 and 1200 and relatively wet with frequent fluctuations after AD1200),interrupted by 14 drought events.Spectral analysis and continuous wavelet transform of moisture variation revealed 200- and 120-year cycles.According to cross-wavelet transform analysis,major drought frequency of ~200-year was explicitly correlated to solar activity.It’s suggested that the centennial-scale drought frequency was mainly driven by solar activity,through modulation of large-scale atmospheric circulation.Furthermore,the effect of surface temperature- evaporation and uplifting/subsiding air flow should be notable.The climatic drought in interior Qaidam Basin could be intensified under the continuous global warming.
Endothelial Notch activation promotes neutrophil transmigration via downregulating endomucin to aggravate hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion injury

Inflammatory leukocytes infiltration is orchestrated by mechanisms involving chemokines, selectins, addressins and other adhesion molecules derived from endothelial cells(ECs), but how they respond to inflammatory cues and coordinate leukocyte transmigration remain elusive.In this study, using hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI)as a model, we identified that endothelial Notch activation was rapidly and dynamically induced in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs)in acute inflammation.In mice with EC-specific Notch activation(NIC~(eCA)), HIRI induced exacerbated liver damage.Consistently,endothelial Notch activation enhanced neutrophil infiltration and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α expression in HIRI.Transcriptome analysis and further qRT-PCR as well as immunofluorescence indicated that endomucin(EMCN), a negative regulator of leukocyte adhesion, was downregulated in LSECs from NIC~(eCA) mice.EMCN was downregulated during HIRI in wild-type mice and in vitro cultured ECs insulted by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury.Notch activation in ECs led to increased neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration, which was abrogated by EMCN overexpression in vitro.In mice deficient of RBPj, the integrative transcription factor of canonical Notch signaling, although overwhelming sinusoidal malformation aggravated HIRI,the expression of EMCN was upregulated; and pharmaceutical Notch blockade in vitro also upregulated EMCN and inhibited transendothelial migration of neutrophils.The Notch activation-exaggerated HIRI was compromised by blocking LFA-1, which mediated leukocyte adherence by associating with EMCN.Therefore, endothelial Notch signaling controls neutrophil transmigration via EMCN to modulate acute inflammation in HIRI.
Efficiency breakthrough for all-perovskite tandem solar cells

The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has rapidly boosted to 25.2%[1], approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit.A potential strategy to further elevate the PCE of single-junction PSCs is to fabricate all-perovskite tandem solar cells[2,3], which is composed of a wide-bandgap(1.7-1.9 eV)top sub-cell and a low-bandgap(0.9-1.2 eV)bottom sub-cell.All-perovskite tandem solar cells have the potential to achieve PCE of over 30%.However, the development of the all perovskite tandem photovoltaic has been severely impeded by the lack of highly efficient low-bandgap mixed Pb-Sn PSCs due to their large open-circuit voltage deficit.Realizing over 30% efficiency tandem cell requires the low-bandgap PSC to be at least 21%.Therefore, developing highly efficient low-bandgap mixed Pb-Sn PSCs plays a critical role in realizing high-performance all-perovskite based tandem solar cells[4].
Photo-driven water splitting photoelectrochemical cells by tandem organic dye sensitized solar cells with I~-/I_3~- as redox mediator

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical tandem cells have shown the promise for light driven hydrogen production from water owing to the low cost, wide absorption spectra in the visible region and ease to process of their constitutive photoelectrode materials. However, most photo-driven water splitting photoelectrochemical cells driven by organic dye sensitized solar cells exhibit unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution rate, primarily attributed to their poor light capturing ability and low photocurrent performance. Here we present the construction of a tandem system consisting of an organic blue-colored S5 sensitizer-based dyesensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC) wired in series with three spectral-complemental dyes BTA-2, APP-3 and APP-1 sensitizers-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), respectively. The two spectral-complemental chromophores were used in DSC and DSPEC to ensure that the full solar spectrum could be absorbed as much as possible. The results showed that the photocurrent of tandem device was closely related to the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of sensitized DSC, in which the tandem configuration consisting of S5 based DSPEC and BTA-2 based DSC gave the best photocurrent. On this basis, tandem device with the only light energy and no external applied electrical bias was further constructed of BTA-2 based 2-junction DSC and S5 based DSPEC and obtained a photocurrent of 500 μA cm~(-2) for hydrogen generation. Furthermore, I~-/I_3~- was used as a redox couple between dye regeneration and O_2 production on the surface of Pt-IrO_2/WO_3. The strategy opens up the application of pure organic dyes in DSC/DSPEC tandem device.
A C2-symmetric triple [5]helicene based on N-annulated triperylene hexaimide for chiroptical electronics

Two diastereoisomers (NTPH-P and NTPH-T1) as a C_2-symmetric triple [5]helicene based on N-annulated triperylene hexaimide were synthesized. Aided by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and theoretical calculations, NTPH-P was assigned to three-blade propeller conformation while NTPH-T1 tended to exhibit twisted conformation with pyrrole ring fusing on a bowl-shaped PDI foil. Characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL) measurements, the enantiomerically pure NTPH-P exhibited fairly good chiral activities both in the absorption and emission range with dissymmetry factors |g_(abs)| of 4.1×10~(-3) and |g_(lum)| of 1.2×10~(-3). The diastereoisomers were further employed as acceptors for organic solar cells with distinct PCEs of 8.11% and 5.24% for NTPH-P and NTPH-T1 based devices, respectively, signifying the prospects in chiroptical electronics by designing molecularly defined aromatics.
Bimetallene advances oxygen electrocatalysis

Electrocatalysis lies at the heart of electrochemical devices that enable the efficient conversion and storage of renewable energy, ultimately having a capability to promote a sustainable society. Therefore, the exploration and development of high-performing electrocatalysts—generally at nanoscale or even at atomic scale to maximize the active surface/volume ratio typically such as two-dimensional catalysts—has been one of the hottest research topics in the past decade [1–3]. A typical example is the search for suitable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which hinders the widespread adoption of fuel cells and metal-air batteries due to sluggish kinetic-induced large overpotential and high platinum loading. Through rationally structural engineering, advanced platinum group metals (PGMs)-based electrocatalysts with high mass activities (activity in terms of PMGs mass) in acidic electrolytes have been rapidly emerging; however, much less success has been witnessed for PGMsbased electrocatalysts in alkaline environment probably due to the challenges in optimizing the oxygen binding energy in the massive presence of hydroxide.
Existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for a class of fractional Choquard equations

In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions with a prescribed L~2 -norm for a class of nonlinear fractional Choquard equations in R~N: where N > 3, s ∈ (0, 1), α ∈ (0, N), p ∈ (max { 1+ α+2s/N, 2 }, N+α/N - 2s) and κ_α(x) = | x |~(α - N). To get such solutions, we look for critical points of the energy functional on the constraints For the value p ∈ (max { 1+ α+2s/N, 2 }, N+α/N - 2s) considered, the functional I is unbounded from below on S(c). By using the constrained minimization method on a suitable submanifold of S(c), we prove that for any c > 0, I has a critical point on S(c) with the least energy among all critical points of I restricted on S(c). After that, we describe a limiting behavior of the constrained critical point as c vanishes and tends to infinity. Moreover, by using a minimax procedure, we prove that for any c > 0, there are infinitely many radial critical points of I restricted on S(c).
Populations with individual variation in dispersal in heterogeneous environments: Dynamics and competition with simply diffusing populations

We consider a model for a population in a heterogeneous environment, with logistic-type local population dynamics, under the assumption that individuals can switch between two different nonzero rates of diffusion. Such switching behavior has been observed in some natural systems. We study how environmental heterogeneity and the rates of switching and diffusion affect the persistence of the population. The reactiondiffusion systems in the models can be cooperative at some population densities and competitive at others. The results extend our previous work on similar models in homogeneous environments. We also consider competition between two populations that are ecologically identical, but where one population diffuses at a fixed rate and the other switches between two different diffusion rates. The motivation for that is to gain insight into when switching might be advantageous versus diffusing at a fixed rate. This is a variation on the classical results for ecologically identical competitors with differing fixed diffusion rates, where it is well known that “the slower diffuser wins”.
全球变化水文学:陆地水循环与全球变化

全球变化水文学是全球变化研究与水文学交叉的一门新兴前沿学科.全球变化水文学综合水文学、气候学和地理学,研究不同时间和空间尺度上陆地水循环与全球变化相互作用,其核心目标是理解陆地水循环演变的自然和人为因素及其影响与反馈.随着地球演化进入人类主导的新地质时代--“人类世”,在气候变化、土地利用/覆盖变化、人类用水活动等因素影响下,陆地水循环系统正在发生快速变化,水文过程呈现非稳态特征,对水文学的更新与发展提出了新需求(Abbott等, 2019).在此背景下,全球变化水文学(Global Change Hydrology)应运而生,试图厘清水循环变化的自然波动和人类“印记”,以更好地理解水循环变化,为水资源可持续管理服务.
基于GPS测站垂向速度的南极地区冰川均衡调整(GIA)模型分析

由于数据稀缺,南极冰川均衡调整(glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA)建模相比北美和北欧古冰盖区域更为困难,现有GIA模型在南极地区还存在较大的不确定性.空间大地测量技术不断发展和进步,为GIA建模提供了外部检核和新的约束.利用GAMIT/GLOBK10.5软件对南极及周边区域73个测站1996~2014年的GPS数据进行解算和平差,并考虑有色噪声估计其地壳垂向运动速度.为了研究不同因素对地壳垂向运动的影响,将GPS测站垂向速度与Argus等(2014)、Thomas等(2011)的GPS结果以及各GIA模型预测结果划分区域进行比较,主要包括南极半岛北部、龙尼-菲尔希纳冰架、阿蒙森海沿岸、罗斯冰架、埃里伯斯火山、西南极内陆、东南极沿海等七个区域,结果表明在南极半岛北部和阿蒙森海沿岸派恩艾兰湾地区存在现今冰雪负荷变化引起的显著地壳弹性抬升,在埃尔伯斯火山区域存在的显著下沉可能与其地下岩浆活动有关,东南极沿海测站垂向运动速度都不显著,其他区域的测站垂向运动主要受到GIA的影响.对文章GPS结果与各GIA模型的相关性和GIA模型的不确定性进行分析,结果表明ICE-6G(VM5a)模型与文章GPS结果的一致性最好,其次是Geruo13模型,而W12a和IJ05_R2系列模型与本文GPS结果一致性相对较差.虽然目前南极GIA模型相比以前版本的模型有了很大改进,但是南极地区GIA建模的状况仍然不容乐观: GIA模型相比北美地区不确定性偏大,在BENN等部分测站上存在较大不符值,在现今冰雪负荷变化显著地区由于弹性改正模型不确定性偏大而缺乏精确GPS约束.
典型亚热带森林生态系统WUE对物候变化的响应--以浙江省森林生态系统为例

生态系统水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量生态系统碳水耦合循环程度的重要指标.已有研究表明,非生物和生物因子都会对森林生态系统WUE产生显著的影响,然而,在气候变化背景下对于WUE对物候响应的认识还不够深入.文章利用遥感数据,以浙江省为研究区,分析2000~2014年季节性WUE对物候的敏感性和响应模式的空间变异,并探讨这两者随不同气候梯度的变化规律和成因. WUE与物候年际之间的偏相关分析表明,春季WUE对SOS的敏感性为负,主要是因为随着生长季开始(SOS)的提前,总初级生产力(GPP)的增加幅度大于蒸散发(ET);夏季WUE对SOS的正敏感性主要跟水分限制及植物生态对策有关;秋季WUE对生长季结束(EOS)的正敏感性主要是由于随着EOS延后, GPP增加而ET变化不大或者减小所致.在空间上,春季WUE对SOS的敏感性随辐射梯度显著减弱,这可能与高辐射地区较强的土壤蒸发有关;夏季WUE对SOS的敏感性与降水表现出正相关关系,与温度表现为负相关关系,这可能归因于高温导致的水分胁迫和GPP对SOS延迟的补偿作用;秋季WUE与EOS的敏感性随辐射和降水梯度显著增强,这可能跟辐射和降水的增加为光合作用提供更多的能量和水分有关.
新疆地理环境特征以及农牧格局的形成

基于环境变化记录和考古发现,以及稳定同位素资料,我们对新疆地理环境的特征及其对新疆农牧业格局形成的影响和时间过程进行了探讨.结果表明,新疆的自然环境特征和气候变化过程导致新疆人口的主体分布在山麓绿洲地带.天山地带晚全新世的湿润程度增加,草原和绿洲面积扩展,为文化的发展奠定了环境基础.距今3000年左右,新疆的农牧业格局基本形成,在南疆是以粟黍-小麦/大麦-畜牧为特征的混合经济,在北疆以游牧经济为主.新疆人口分布的空间聚集现象肇始于距今4000年,距今3000年已经非常明显,小麦/大麦-粟黍-畜牧为特征的混合经济是形成这一特征的直接动力.地理环境的差异,在历史上形成了新疆南重北轻的局面,主要的经济政治中心大都在南疆.到清末以来,随着近代技术和交通的发展,这一局面才得到改变.
2013~2017年中国PM_(2.5)污染的快速改善及其健康效益

大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染对公众健康造成严重危害.2013年,中国发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,开始实施严格的污染控制措施,空气质量随之迅速改善.在此背景下,本研究评估了2013~2017年中国地区PM_(2.5)暴露及其健康影响的变化情况.首先结合地面观测数据、卫星遥感数据和大气化学传输模型模拟,构建了2013~2017年中国高时空分辨率PM_(2.5)浓度数据集,基于该数据集评估了PM_(2.5)暴露的时空变化,并结合PM_(2.5)暴露的长期和短期健康效应模型评估了中国PM_(2.5)暴露导致的超额死亡人数的变化情况.研究显示,2013~2017年间中国人口加权的PM_(2.5)年均浓度从67.4μg m~(-3)降至45.5μg m~(-3),下降幅度达到32%.在此期间,PM_(2.5)浓度的快速降低使得与PM_(2.5)长期暴露相关的超额死亡人数下降了14%,从2013年的120万人/年(95%置信区间:100,130;占总死亡人数的13%)降至2017年的100万人/年(95%置信区间:90,120;占总死亡人数的10%).目前中国大多数地区的PM_(2.5)暴露依然处于较高水平,由于在高浓度区间PM_(2.5)暴露水平下降带来的健康效益改善幅度要小于暴露下降幅度,虽然2013~2017年间PM_(2.5)浓度迅速下降,但带来的健康效益却相对有限.研究还发现由于重污染天数迅速减少,PM_(2.5)急性暴露导致的超额死亡人数在2013~2017年间降低了61%.本研究表明中国的清洁空气政策有效缓解了当前空气污染所导致的健康危害,但未来仍需要继续大幅减少大气污染物排放,以进一步保护公众健康.
Recent progress of morphable 3D mesostructures in advanced materials

Soft robots complement the existing efforts of miniaturizing conventional, rigid robots, and have the potential to revolutionize areas such as military equipment and biomedical devices. This type of system can accomplish tasks in complex and time-varying environments through geometric reconfiguration induced by diverse external stimuli, such as heat, solvent, light, electric field, magnetic field, and mechanical field. Approaches to achieve reconfigurable mesostructures are essential to the design and fabrication of soft robots. Existing studies mainly focus on four key aspects: reconfiguration mechanisms, fabrication schemes, deformation control principles, and practical applications. This review presents a detailed survey of methodologies for morphable mesostructures triggered by a wide range of stimuli, with a number of impressive examples, demonstrating high degrees of deformation complexities and varied multi-functionalities. The latest progress based on the development of new materials and unique design concepts is highlighted. An outlook on the remaining challenges and open opportunities is provided.
The mini-GWAC optical follow-up of gravitational wave alerts- results from the O2 campaign and prospects for the upcoming O3 run

The second(O2)observational campaign of gravitational waves(GWs)organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of GW signals from merger systems involving black holes or neutrons stars.During O2, 14 GW alerts were sent to the astronomical community with sky regions mostly covering over hundreds of square degrees.Among them, six were finally confirmed as real astrophysical events.Since 2013, a new set of ground-based robotic telescopes called Ground-based Wide Angle Camera system(GWAC)project and its pathfinder mini-GWAC has been developed to contribute to the various challenges of multi-messenger and time domain astronomy.The GWAC system is built up in the framework of the ground-segment system of the SVOM mission that will be devoted to the study of the multi-wavelength transient sky in the next decade.During O2, only the mini-GWAC telescope network was fully operational.Due to the wide field of view and fast automatic follow-up capabilities of the mini-GWAC telescopes, they were adept to efficiently cover the sky localization areas of GW event candidates.In this paper, we present the mini-GWAC pipeline we have set up to respond to GW alerts and we report our optical follow-up observations of eight GW alerts detected during the O2 run.Our observations provided the largest coverage of the GWlocalization areas with a short latency made by any optical facility.We found tens of optical transient candidates in our images, but none of those could be securely associated with any confirmed black hole- black hole merger event.Based on this first experience and the near future technical improvements of our network system, we will be more competitive in detecting the optical counterparts from some GW events that will be identified during the upcoming O3 run, especially those emerging from binary neutron star mergers.
Real-time abnormal light curve detection based on a Gated Recurrent Unit network

Targeting the problem of high real-time requirements in astronomical data processing, this paper proposes a real-time early warning model for light curves based on a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network.Using the memory function of the GRU network, a prediction model of the light curve is established, and the model is trained using the collected light curve data, so that the model can predict a star magnitude value for the next moment based on historical star magnitude data.In this paper,we calculate the difference between the model prediction value and the actual observation value and set a threshold.If the difference exceeds the set threshold, the observation value at the next moment is considered to be an abnormal value,and a warning is given.Astronomers can carry out further certification based on the early warning and in combinationwith other means of observation.Themethod proposed in this paper can be applied to real-time observations in time domain astronomy.
Imaging Three-Dimensional Microvascular Networks of Brain with Synchrotron Radiation Microangiography

The adult human brain represents about 2% of the body weight, yet consumes about 20% of the body's total energy. A key constituent in meeting this high energy demand is a complex cerebral vascular system. A detailed knowledge of this system is important for understanding the basic principles of cerebral blood flow and its coupling to neural processing and neuropathological alterations in brain diseases. In this issue, Gu and collaborators utilized synchrotron radiation(SR) microangiography to acquire high-resolution(about 5 lm), high-contrast images of the brain tissue of rats under both normal and epileptic seizure conditions without the use of any contrast agent or labeling marker [1]. This study demonstrates that SR microangiography can provide systematic and detailed views of cerebrovascular anatomy at the micron level.
化感抑草籼型两系杂交水稻新组合化两优78

化两优78是华南农业大学农学院用化57S与华恢78配组育成的两系杂交水稻新组合,具有株叶形态好、高产稳产、化感抑草和适应性广等特点,2017年通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在桂南稻作区作早、晚稻种植。
Ternary organic solar cells based on polymer donor, polymer acceptor and PCBM components

In this work, ternary organic solar cells(OSCs) combining a fullerene derivative PC_(71)BM with a nonfullerene acceptor N2200-F blended with a polymer donor PM6 were reported. Compared with the binary systems, the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.11% was achieved in ternary solar cells with 30 wt% N2200-F content, mainly due to the improved short-circuit current density(J_(sc)) and fill factor(FF). Further studies showed that the improved J_(sc) could attribute to the complementary absorption of the two acceptors and the enhanced FF was originated from the higher hole mobility and the fine-tuned morphology in the ternary system. These results demonstrate that the combination of fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors in ternary organic solar cells is a promising approach to achieve high-performance OSCs.
A biomass carbon material with microtubule bundling and natural O-doping derived from goldenberry calyx and its electrochemical performance in supercapacitor

A promising biomass carbon material, manufactured by the carbonation of Physalis peruviana L. calyx at 700 ℃, is presented in this work. Morphology characterization shows that the carbon material possesses long microtubule bundling and above 30% natural O-atom component on the surface. After KOH chemical etching, the materials maintain the oxygen content but exhibit more micropores and higher specific surface area up to 1732.6 m~2/g. Using as an electrode material for supercapacitor, the active carbon material exhibits high specific capacitance up to 339.7 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 3 mol/L KOH aqueous solution through three-electrode system. The active carbon material also exhibits excellent cycling stability(97% retention) by 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. The outstanding electrochemical performances are attributing to the unique long microtubule bundling with much more pores and the abundant O element on the surface. This biomass carbon material with excellent electrochemical properties could be a useful material for multiple applications.
Discriminating against injectable fat emulsions with similar formulation based on water quenching fluorescent probe

The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools, which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions. In this study, 20% nutritional fat emulsion injections were selected from different company including original and generic products. Meanwhile, a water quenching fluorescent probe(P2) was used to label them by an incubation method. The fluorescent intensity analysis of blood-borne fluorescence reveals rapid clearance of nanoemulsion in all groups, which shows 'L'-type blood kinetic profiles. However, these kinetic parameters do not have significant difference. Following intravenous administration, the nanoemulsions in all groups concomitantly accumulated in organs of reticulo-endothelial system(RES), such as liver and spleen, and were cleared from body circulation mostly after 12 h. AUC_((0-t)) of organs from different groups showed dissimilar results in some organs. These intuitional results are of significance in understanding the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions, which can provide a new way to discriminate against nutritional fat emulsions.
Hierarchical self-assembly of 3D amphiphilic discrete organoplatinum(II) metallacage in water

Here we described the design and synthesis of a discrete 3D amphiphilic metallacage 4, in which the tetragonal prismatic frameworks act as the hydrophobic cores and the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) chains as the hydrophilic tails. The structure of 4 was characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(31)P NMR and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF-MS). Notably, 4 with its long PEG tails was subsequently ordered into micelles at a low concentration(1.20 × 10~(-6) mol/L) in water. As the concentration and cultivation time increased, the micelles can further self-assembly into nanofibers and nanoribbons. Considering the dynamic property of the coordination bond, these structures show reversible transformation under external stimuli.
Recent progress of thin-film photovoltaics for indoor application

Indoor photovoltaics have attracted increasing attentions owing to their great potential in supplying energy for low power devices under indoor light in our daily life. The third generation thin-film solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, have made rapid progress from the aspect of materials design to photovoltaic performance. This review provides an overview on the recent advances in the development of indoor photovoltaic technologies based on the third generation solar cells. The design principles of advanced thin-film indoor photovoltaics were also summarized according to the characteristics of indoor light and the advantages of the third generation solar cells. Finally, after summarizing the current research progress, the perspective on this topic is provided.