mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Assessing suitability of Andrographis paniculata genotypes for rain-fed conditions in semi-arid climates

Medicinal plants are generally suggested for degraded land or areas having low rain-fall. Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant known for its diterpene lactone i.e. andrographolide. We exposed 26 genotypes of A. paniculata to rain-fed condition during early-season rain-fed (ESRF) and mid-season rain-fed (MSRF) conditions and compared with the control to assess their suitability in semi-arid climate region of Gujarat, India. The study was performed during two consecutive years 2016–2017 in split plot design with rain-fed conditions as main-plot treatment and genotypes as sub-plot treatment in three replications. The gaseous exchange parameters taken at 85~100 days after transplanting exhibited mean photosynthesis rate was 20.5 lmol CO_2 m~(-2) s~(-1) ranging between 15.9 lmol CO_2 m~(-2) s~(-1) and 24.0 lmol CO_2 m~(-2) s~(-1). Exceeding 7% decrease in stomatal conductance was recorded compared to the control plants under imposed rain-fed condition. The mean value of transpiration rate was 4.8 mmol H_2O m~(-2) s~(-1). The mean value of water use efficiency was 4.6. MSRF condition decreased leaf water potential from -0.517 to -1.189 Mpa. The dry herbage decreased by 29.2% due to MSRF condition as compared the control. The andrographolide yield per plant suffered significantly and under ESRF condition it reduced mainly due to reduction in andrographolide content. Reduced andrographolide yield per plant in MSRF condition was mainly due to reduction in herbage yield. Results revealed that ESRF and MSRF condition characterized by erratic rainfall pattern and dry spell is not beneficial for quality production in A. paniculata. Based on the least decrease in andrographolide, yield two genotypes viz., AP 6 and AP 12 identified to be suitable for ESRF condition and two genotypes viz., AP 19 and AP 6 suitable for MSRF condition. Overall, four genotypes, AP 35, AP 39, AP 61 and AP 24 were suitable as the promising genotypes having high andrographolide yield.
Detection and assessment of nitrogen effect on cold tolerance for tea by hyperspectral reflectance with PLSR, PCR, and LM models

Knowledge of nutrients effect on freezing tolerance is vital for protecting tea plants against cold injury (CI). Freezing injury treatments on tea leaves with different low temperature and nitrogen (N) concentration was evaluated by hyperspectral imaging based on the reflectance as potential analytical tool. Subsequently, quantitative evaluation of the CI was improved by comparing analyzed results using partial least squares regression (PLSR), principle component regression (PCR) and linear model (LM) models. Reflectance of the CI was obtained by hyperspectral imaging system in the band between 871 and 1766 nm. The results showed that average reflectance increases with the rise of N concentration. A substantial portion of the leaf from the plant with 100% N dosage had the darkest image and resulted in the highest reflectance because the N weakened the negative effect of freezing stress. Out of the five spectral domains tested, the best predictive accuracy for the CI of the tea leaf was achieved by PCR (R~2=0.9971, RMSE=0.0609) in 1410–1766 nm wavelength, followed by LM (R~2=0.9999, RMSE=0.0805) in 871–1000 nm. The whole interval had the worse prediction accuracy which could be caused by large variations in the data for a specific treatment and high absorption peak occurring around 1450 nm in the reflectance curve. The averages, R2 and RMSE for all the three statistical models showed that the worse prediction accuracy occurred in 1410–1766 nm, followed by the whole interval 871–1766 nm. The prediction accuracy was low which could be due to the strong water absorption peaks that appeared in both range of wavelengths. The models without absorption bands had improved correlation coefficient and reduced RMSE values between the measured and the predicted CI (R~2=0.9676; RMSE=0.3067) compared to the model developed with the reflectance values in the entire waveband (R~2=0.9504; RMSE=0.6629). The reflectance values where absorption bands occurred had detrimental effect on the model performance, which resulted in the lower correlation values and larger errors. This study has demonstrated that the wavelength at which absorption bands occur can influence model performance significantly which is a step towards real-time implementation of the technique.
A hybrid intelligent soft computing method for ammonia nitrogen prediction in aquaculture

Ammonia nitrogen is one of the key parameters in determining the aquaculture water quality condition in pond. The high level of ammonia nitrogen is likely to cause deterioration of water quality and mass death of cultured subjects. Therefore, accurate detection of the cultured water ammonia nitrogen content is crucially important for aquaculture management. While, at present, the accuracy of equipment for measuring the ammonia nitrogen content of aquaculture water in real time cannot meet the requirements for aquaculture. In this paper, the soft computing method is firstly proposed to predict the ammonia nitrogen content in aquaculture water in real time. This method includes empirical mode decomposition (EMD), improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and extreme learning machine (ELM). To evaluate the performance of the soft computing techniques, three different statistic indicators were used, including root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to compare three artificial soft computing methods. Results showed that the EMD-IPSO-ELM soft computing method showed the best performance among other studied methods in the ammonia nitrogen real time prediction. The EMD-IPSO-ELM model provides moderately and roughly accurately real time prediction value of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water.
中国陆地生态系统碳汇估算:方法、进展、展望

2020年9月,中国向世界宣示力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的目标.这一背景下,中国陆地生态系统碳汇潜力受到空前关注,成为各国政府、学术界、公众共同关心的热点议题.文章聚焦中国陆地生态系统碳汇估算,梳理不同估算方法的原理、优点和不足,对比不同研究和方法得到的中国陆地生态系统碳汇大小,评述目前的研究进展及存在的问题,并对未来研究思路提出建议,以期为准确估算中国陆地生态系统碳汇提供方法论参考,为中国制定实现碳中和的减排政策提供科学支撑.
基于程函方程的远震成像方法反演青藏高原东北缘速度和径向各向异性结构

青藏高原东北缘位于阿拉善地块、鄂尔多斯地块、昆仑-西秦岭地块、四川盆地与青藏高原的交汇处,是青藏块体向大陆内部扩展的前缘,正经历着强烈的变形作用.目前关于青藏高原东北缘的构造演化机制仍存在争议,通过研究青藏高原东北缘下方壳幔结构可以为青藏高原构造演化机制提供新约束.文章收集了青藏高原东北缘及周边地区921个宽频地震台站从2006年8月至2020年10月记录的地震波形数据,一共选取了667个远震事件,获得了770749对直达P波互相关走时残差数据.利用基于程函方程的远震层析成像方法,获得了青藏高原东北缘下方30~800km的P波速度和径向各向异性结构模型.结果显示,祁连造山带、松潘-甘孜地块东北部和秦岭褶皱带西部下地壳存在明显的低速异常和正径向各向异性,表明这些区域下方中下地壳存在物质水平流动.祁连造山带、松潘-甘孜地块东北部和秦岭褶皱带西部上地幔顶部表现为明显的低速异常和正径向各向异性,表明这些区域下方具有弱的岩石圈,并且存在地幔流.鄂尔多斯地块和四川盆地上地幔顶部均表现为高速异常和明显的负径向各向异性,表明其下方岩石圈具有较强的力学强度.川滇块体北部下方存在高速异常,可能代表了北向俯冲的印度板块,其俯冲前缘可能到达鲜水河断裂而并未俯冲至昆仑断裂.
血吸虫病2例

血吸虫病是影响社会经济发展的人畜共患传染病,也是严重危害人类健康的一种地方性寄生虫病。人类血吸虫分为日本血吸虫、埃及血吸虫、曼氏血吸虫、间插血吸虫、湄公血吸虫与马来血吸虫6种。我国以日本血吸虫病为主(简称血吸虫病)。日本血吸虫病是患者因皮肤接触含血吸虫尾蚴的疫水而感染,导致主要以虫卵沉积于肝脏门静脉系统、肠道等组织而引起的虫卵肉芽肿病变,依据患者病情缓急及临床表现,可分为急性、慢性、晚期及异位血吸虫病4种。二十世纪五六十年代血吸虫病是危害我国人民生命健康的主要传染病之一,随着我国政府大力推进血吸虫病的防治并取得了举世瞩目的成就,大部分血吸虫病流行区已经被消灭或控制,发病率逐年下降,目前流行区在云南、湖北、安徽、江西以及湖南省。随着我国血吸虫病疫情进入极低度流行状态,临床医师缺乏诊治经验,特别是非疫区的医务人员对血吸虫病缺乏诊治经验,误诊误治并不少见。本研究回顾性分析眉山市仁寿县人民医院共2例血吸虫病误诊误治原因,并复习相关文献,探讨降低血吸虫病误诊率的临床策略,旨在提高医务人员对该病的认识,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供参考。
国医大师郭诚杰应用围刺加辨证取穴针法治疗MGH经验撷要

目的总结国医大师郭诚杰围刺加辨证取穴针法治疗MGH的临证经验,为推广应用提供依据。方法通过研读郭教授诊疗MGH临床病案、论文、论著以及观看亲诊影像,对其临床应用围刺加辨证取穴针法治疗MGH经验进行归纳、总结,并附验案佐证。结果凡明确诊断为良性肿块的MGH,应用肿块围刺加四型(肝郁型、肝火型、肝肾阴虚型、气血两虚型)辨证取穴针法治疗,临床多获满意疗效。结论郭教授应用围刺加辨证取穴针法治疗MGH方法较为独特,易于操作,疗效颇佳,值得推广应用。
电针丰隆穴治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评估电针丰隆穴治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的治疗效果,并提供循证医学参考。方法自建库至2021年8月31日在PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web Of Science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普期刊数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(Wanfang)八大数据库中进行检索,检索各类电针丰隆穴治疗NAFLD的随机对照试验(RCT)。对所纳研究进行风险偏倚评估,整合所需资料进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇RCTs,含英文1篇,中文8篇,共789名患者,与对照组相比,电针丰隆穴在改善临床总有效率[OR = 2.51,95% CI(1.63, 3.85),P <0.001]、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)[MD =-13.68,95% CI(-18.56,-8.81),P < 0.001]、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)[MD =-6.35,95%CI(-11.23,-1.46),P =0.01]、总胆固醇(TG)[MD =-0.36,95% CI(-0.47,-0.25),P <0.001]、甘油三酯(TC) [ MD =-0.40,95% CI(-0.48,-0.31),P < 0.001]、BMI[ MD =-1.31,95% CI(-2.10,-0.52),P =0.001]方面显示出良好疗效,具有统计学差异。电针联合治疗亚组ALT疗效水平优于单独电针亚组[MD =-7.65,95%CI(-9.02,-6.29),P <0.001],且具有统计学差异。结论电针丰隆穴可以显著降低NAFLD患者脂代谢水平,一定程度上改善患者肝功能及BMI,并促进患者预后,但仍需长期随访、大样本、高质量的多中心RCT以佐证部分结论。
青春期多囊卵巢综合征患者生活方式的干预对提高生活质量的影响

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种女性常见的疾病,影响8%~13%的育龄妇女和3%~11%的10~20岁少女。与其他健康的同龄人相比,青春期PCOS患者健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)显著下降。患者中超过50%的女性伴有肥胖,PCOS不仅影响患者将来的生殖功能,而且还会增加其发生子宫内膜癌、妊娠相关并发症的风险。近年来,国内外越来越多的专家学者意识到:改善青春期PCOS患者的生活方式、加强干预措施、开展健康行为促进、培养健康生活方式意义重大。研究者们也进行了PCOS患者生活方式干预的一系列探索。本综述旨在对上述相关文献进行总结分析的基础上,提供描述性信息并归纳PCOS青少年HRQoL的所有可用数据,探讨青春期PCOS患者改善生活方式的干预性措施,为患者健康的生活方式提供参考。
异位综合征合并心房颤动行经皮肝静脉穿刺导管射频消融术1例

下腔静脉不能作为心房颤动射频消融术的入路时,手术路径的选择显得至关重要。本文报道了1例异位综合征合并心房颤动行经皮肝静脉穿刺导管射频消融术的患者,以期为下腔静脉不能作为常规入路并需行左心操作的患者提供一定的经验和依据。
Occurrence and patterns of nutritional traits and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sea cucumber (Holothuria polii) tissues: benefits and risk for human health

Objectives: The paper evaluates the benefit and risk for human health associated with consumption of sea cucumber Holothuria polii (H. polii) from Italian coasts (Central Mediterranean Sea). Materials and Methods: Body wall (BW), internal tunic (ITu), muscle bands (MBs), alimentary canal (AC), gonad (Gd), and respiratory tree (RT) of H. polii were analyzed for proximate composition. Moreover, amino acids (AAs), fatty acids (FAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UPLC UV/Vis), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Results: Differences in the contents of total amino acids (TAAs) occurred based on tissue and sex, with AC and MB of female and Gd of male showing higher contents (range 47.8-60.2 g/kg we weight (ww)). Glycine and glutamic acid were the most abundant. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was the major class of FAs and arachidonic acid and eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) were the predominant PUFA. n-3 PUFA showed higher content in Gd, AC, and RT, indicating higher quality. A favorable n-3/n-6 in the range of 1.04-1.67 was observed. PAHs showed values ranging from 23 to 207 μg/kg ww with the highest levels in Gd and AC tissues and the lower in BW. Benzo[a]pyrene, the most toxic compound, was detected in all tissues, of both sexes, at levels of 1.5-18 μg/kg ww. Conclusion: All tissues of H. polii, although with differences among them, are valuable food and can contribute for a healthy diet. Excess cancer risk (CR) values for Gd and AC tissues were above the considerable CR threshold of one in 10 000 established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for high ingestion rate of this seafood.
Metabolome profiling of stratified seeds provides insight into the regulation of dormancy in Davidia involucrata

Dove tree (Davidia involucrata), a tertiary vestige species, is well-adapted to cool conditions. Dormancy in D. involucrata seed lasts for an extremely long period of time, typically between 3 and 4 years, and this characteristic makes the species an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of seed dormancy. The molecular mechanisms governing germination control in D. involucrata are still unknown. Seed stratification have been reported to enhance germination in recalcitrant seeds. We performed a widely targeted metabolome profiling to identify metabolites and associated pathways in D. involucrata seeds from six different moist sand stratification durations (0-30 months) using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap-Mass spectrometry. There was an increasing germination rate with prolonged stratification durations (12-30 months). Furthermore, we detected 10,008 metabolites in the stratified seeds. We also detected 48 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between all stratification periods in the seeds, with 10 highly conserved metabolites. Most of the differentially accumulated metabolites between unstratified and stratified seeds were enriched in purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis pathways. Key phytohormones, abscisic acid, indole-3 acetic acid, and sinapic acid were differentially accumulated in the seeds and are predicted to regulate dormancy in D. involucrata. We have provided extensive metabolic information useful for future works on dove tree germination study.
Parahellenia, a new genus segregated from Hellenia (Costaceae) based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence

Previous studies recognized three major lineages of the family Costaceae: a South American clade, an Asian clade and a Costus clade. However, the genus Hellenia within the Asian clade has been shown to be non-monophyletic and its morphology has not been studied carefully. Therefore, the complete plastid genomes of Hellenia species were obtained and the monophyly of Hellenia was tested through four different datasets in this study. Plastid phylogenomic analyses of Costaceae revealed that Hellenia is strongly supported as paraphyletic. Two major clades are recovered, namely the Hellenia s.s. subclade and the Parahellenia subclade. Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of the Asian clade using a two chloroplast markers dataset (trnK intron and trnL-F spacer) confirmed the paraphyly of Hellenia. Meanwhile, morphological analyses suggested that members of the Parahellenia subclade differ from the remaining Hellenia species in many characters including inflorescences, bracts, stigma, axillary buds, floral tubes and labellum. According to the present molecular and morphological evidence, the latter subclade is recognized as a new genus, Parahellenia. Two new species are described, four new combinations are made, and identification keys are also provided.
Reply to ‘‘Is ‘plume interaction induced migration of the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamounts' a step too far?"

Thanks to Sager, who founded our paper on plume-ridge interaction of the oldest seamounts of the Hawaiian-Emperor chain is interesting and plausible. Surprisingly, he argued that our paper ‘‘may be misleading" due to the ‘‘sparse data representing complex phenomena". One of the beautiful aspects of Earth sciences is that we are inevitably faced with incomplete data from which we need to infer important aspects of the Earth system. Uncertainty is part of this particular science that cannot be avoided. When we look at Earth history, there are age gaps, and samples are necessarily geographically limited. When we make a geological map, we have to make do with the outcrops that exist. When a group develops a new isotope technique, their first interpretations are inevitably based on a small number of samples (e.g.,). When seismologists image the interior, they need to use the stations that are largely on continents and earthquakes that are largely on plate boundaries, however wonderful it would be to have evenly distributed sources and receivers. When we interpret geochemical data, the data sets are never complete, the samples rarely pristine, and interesting samples are then analyzed sometimes for decades by various groups with different expertise. When we interpret the history of the Moon or Mars, we have only extremely limited samples and data. This is the nature of science, which inevitably leads to uncertainties in existing interpretations and to new discoveries and modifications to existing ideas as more data or better resolution become available. And yet we try to understand, using the data that do exist, however imperfect or incomplete they may be.
Breakthrough on understanding the solid electrolyte interphase

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is derived from electrolyte decomposition, and considered as extremely crucial interface, which has a huge influence on the reversible operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium metal batteries (LMBs), e.g., the irreversible capacity, internal resistance, Coulombic efficiency, and cycling life of batteries. However, our knowledge on SEI components and structures is still limited although SEI has been studied for several decades. The lack of effective characterization techniques leads to the gap between cognitive theory and actual state of SEI. The morphology information of SEI has been observed by cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM), nonetheless, the previous experimental data were obtained in the absence of liquid electrolyte. Due to the high vacuum environment of electron microscope, liquid electrolyte can hardly exist. Thus, it is challenging to characterize the influence of liquid electrolyte on SEI structures and components.
Monatomic phase-change switch

In the 1960s, Stanford Ovshinsky pioneered electrically controlled ovonic threshold switching (OTS) and ovonic memory switching (OMS), using amorphous chalcogenide materials [1]. As sketched in Fig. 1a, under small externally applied voltage bias the "amorphous OFF" state allows only a low electric current, thanks to the highly resistive nature of the glassy material. When the voltage bias exceeds a threshold value Vth, the current suddenly increases by several orders of magnitude, as the glassy structure enters its "amorphous ON" regime. Upon the removal of the voltage, the electrical resistance returns to the initial high value. This reversible change in electrical resistance is referred to as OTS, enabling a selector that performs volatile switching between a high-resistance state (HRS) and a low-resistance state (LRS), with the material remaining amorphous all along. In contrast to OTS, OMS involves Joule heating induced first-order transition from the HRS amorphous phase to the LRS crystalline phase, which would not reverse upon the removal of the voltage (Fig. 1b). The reversal to the original high-resistance amorphous state would instead require melting of the crystal followed by quenching. Therefore, OMS corresponds to non-volatile switching and can hence be used to store data.
Improved air quality and reduced burden of preterm birth in China: 2013-2017

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide [1]. Since maternal and fetal health protection has been included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, identification of modifiable risk factors for PTB is particularly crucial. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 recognized fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) pollution as a risk factor for decreased gestational age and low birth weight. The study quantified the global and national burdens of PTB attributable to ambient PM_(2.5) exposure based on global literature; however, no China-wide studies currently exist [2]. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of the burden of PTB attributable to PM_(2.5) in China is urgently needed. The Chinese government issued the most stringent clean air action plan to date (i.e., Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, the "Action Plan") in 2013. The long-term effect of these air quality regulations on preterm birth prevalence and burden, as well as the temporal and spatial variance of any incurred benefits, has never been examined. Such knowledge is important for planning appropriate communication of any risks to the public and for developing targeted regulatory strategies aimed at mitigating PM_(2.5)-associated PTBs.
Research status and prospect of wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system

To promote and develop the theoretical basis and application of the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system, the corresponding research status and prospects are reviewed and discussed from five aspects, i.e., the analytical framework, the aerodynamic interference, the evaluation criteria, the design loads of long-span bridge and the double-deck railcum-road bridge. The refining process of analysis system is reviewed from the aspects of simulation wind load, vehicle load and bridge structure, and the corresponding coupling relationship. For aerodynamic interference, the development process is summarized from the simulative precision of the elements (wind, vehicle and bridge), the load cases and the object of interference. For evaluation criteria, the corresponding development course is summarized from the certain evaluation method to uncertain one. For long-span bridge design load, the wind and vehicle loads are reviewed and summarized from current multinational codes and theoretical research. For double-deck rail-cum-road bridge, the mechanism of multi-element coupling relationship and corresponding aerodynamic interference are both reviewed. By comprehensive review and summary, the analytical framework is in the process from simplification to refinement. The simulation and consideration of the objects of structural interference gradually become complex. The corresponding simulation theory, wind tunnel scale, test equipment and technology are the key factors to limit its development. For systematic evaluation of vehicle and bridge, the structural and systemic security are the basis of the evaluation, and the auxiliary components and functional evaluation need to be paid more attention. The evaluation criterion will be developed from certain method to reliability assessment. For design load of long-span bridge, the vehicle load is gradually transferred from the simple application of the design load of small-medium span bridge into a complex model considering the load characteristics. For double-deck rail-cum-road bridge, the basic theory and experimental study on coupling mechanism and aerodynamic interference need to be developed.
Self-energy dynamics and the mode-specific phonon threshold effect in Kekule-ordered graphene

Electron-phonon interaction and related self-energy are fundamental to both the equilibrium properties and non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of solids. Although electron-phonon interaction has been suggested by various time-resolved measurements to be important for the relaxation dynamics of graphene, the lack of energy-and momentum-resolved self-energy dynamics prohibits direct identification of the role of specific phonon modes in the relaxation dynamics. Here, by performing time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on Kekule-ordered graphene with folded Dirac cones at the Γ point, we have succeeded in resolving the self-energy effect induced by the coupling of electrons to two phonons at Ω1 =177 meV and Ω2 =54 meV, and revealing its dynamical change in the time domain. Moreover, these strongly coupled phonons define energy thresholds, which separate the hierarchical relaxation dynamics from ultrafast, fast to slow, thereby providing direct experimental evidence for the dominant role of mode-specific phonons in the relaxation dynamics.
General synthesis of 2D rare-earth oxide single crystals with tailorable facets

Two-dimensional (2D) rare-earth oxides (REOs) are a large family of materials with various intriguing applications and precise facet control is essential for investigating new properties in the 2D limit. However, a bottleneck remains with regard to obtaining their 2D single crystals with specific facets because of the intrinsic non-layered structure and disparate thermodynamic stability of different facets. Herein, for the first time, we achieve the synthesis of a wide variety of high-quality 2D REO single crystals with tailorable facets via designing a hard-sofi-acid-base couple for controlling the 2D nucleation of the predetermined facets and adjusting the growth mode and direction of crystals. Also, the facet-related magnetic properties of 2D REO single crystals were revealed. Our approach provides a foundation for further exploring other facet-dependent properties and various applications of 2D REO, as well as inspiration for the precise growth of other non-layered 2D materials.