mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Polyphosphoester-modified Cellulose Nanocrystals for Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene

The structure and properties of functional nanoparticles are important for stabilizing Pickering emulsion polymerization.Recently,cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)are increasingly favored as a bio-based stabilizer for Pickering emulsions.In this study,we reported a novel functionalized polyphosphoester-grafted CNCs for the stabilization of oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and the emulsion polymerization of styrene.First,polyphosphoester containing an amino group at one end of the chain,abbreviated as PBYP-NH_2,was prepared by ring-opening polymerization(ROP)and hydrolysis reaction,wherein PBYP represents poly[2-(but-3-yn-1-yloxy)-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane].Subsequently,CNC-COOH was obtained via 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(TEMPO)oxidation of CNCs.The functionalized nanocrystals CNC-PBYP-COOH with carboxyl groups and polyphosphoester on the surface were obtained by the amidation reaction of PBYP-NH_2 with CNC-COOH.Finally,we used CNC-PBYP-COOH as sole particle emulsifiers to stabilize styrene-in-water Pickering emulsions and studied its effects on the emulsions in details by using dynamic light scattering(DLS).The results indicated that the properties of these emulsions depended on the concentration of hydrophobically modified CNCs,volume ratios of oil to water,and pH values.The modified CNCs had higher ability to stabilize the styrene-inwater emulsions relative to the unmodified CNCs,and a stable oil-in-water(o/w)Pickering emulsion with diameter of hundreds of nanometers could be obtained.The resulting emulsions could be polymerized to yield nanosized latexes.The polyphosphoester-modified CNCs as green particle emulsifiers can efficiently stabilize nanoemulsions and latexes,which would promote the development of novel environmentally friendly materials.
Effect of constant compressive stress induced by imitating tuina stimulation with various durations on the cell cycle, cellular secretion, apoptosis, and expression of myogenic differentiation and myogenic factor 5 of rat skeletal muscle cells in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of constant compressive stress induced by imitating Tuina stimulation with various durations on the cell cycle, cellular secretion, apoptosis, and expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) of rat skeletal muscle cells (RSkMCs) in vitro. METHODS: Third passage RSkMCs were subjected to constant compressive stresses with various durations at 2000 μstrain for 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min via a four-point bending system. The control group (CG) was cultured in the absence of mechanical loading. Alterations of the cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) in supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the nitrate reductase method, respectively. Expression of Myf5 and MyoD was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with the CG, a significant alteration was observed in the synthesis phase fraction (SPF) (P < 0.01). The SPF and proliferation index (PI) were reduced from 15 to 90 min, but reached levels similar to those at 120 min. Apoptosis was increased significantly at 30 min (P < 0.05) and especially at 90 and 120 min (P < 0.01). Expression of MyoD and Myf5 was increased significantly at 15, 30, and 90 min (P < 0.01). Compared with 15 and 30 min, MyoD and Myf5 expression at 60 and 120 min was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with 60 min, MyoD expression at 90 min was increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas MyoD and Myf5 expression at 120 min was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The IL-6 concentration was increased at 60 min compared with the CG and 15 min (P < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of PGE_2 and NO were the highest at 15 and 30 min, respectively, compared with the CG and other time points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The cell cycle, secretion, apoptosis, and Myf5 and MyoD expression of RSkMCs were regulated by compressive stress in a time-dependent manner. SPF and PI were inhibited at short durations (< 90 min), but NO and PGE_2 secretion was the highest at shorter durations (< 30 min). With the prolongation of stimulation time, SPF, PI, and apoptosis were increased, but Myf5 and MyoD expression was decreased gradually at 15-30 min.
Notch signaling pathway mediates the immunomodulatory mechanism of Yangfei Huoxue decoction alleviating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism by which Yangfei Huoxue decoction (YHD) alleviates bleomycin (BLM)- induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into two time-point groups (day 14 and 28), and each timepoint group comprised the following six subgroups: control, BLM, dexamethasone (DXM), YHD high dose (YHD-H), YHD middle dose (YHD-M), and YHD low dose (YHD- L). Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, flow cytometry, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and UPLC-QT of analyses were examined. RESULTS: The results showed that YHD reduced the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis; downregulated the expression of CD28, CD80, CD86, Delta-like 1, Notch2, and Notch3; and upregulated the proportions of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2. The seven components of YHD were detected. CONCLUSION: The current study indicates that YHD mainly functions by regulating the immune system and that the molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.
镜像疗法在脑卒中偏瘫患者早期康复中的应用进展

我国脑卒中发病率呈逐年上升趋势,70 %~ 80%存活患者遗留有不同程度日常活动执行问题,严重影响患者生活质量。为最大限度降低脑卒中致残率,应在临床救助同时,积极开展早期康复。镜像疗法是脑卒中早期康复常见治疗手段之一,可有效减少废用综合征、复杂区域疼痛综合征发生,促进上、下肢运动功能恢复,改善注意力、记忆力等脑高级功能。本研究旨在综述镜像疗法在脑卒中患者早期康复中的应用进展,以期为脑卒中早期康复干预提供可行性方案。
A study of the construction times of the ancient cities in Ganjia Basin, Gansu Province, China

The Ganjia Basin in Xiahe County, Gansu Province, China, is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The area lies in the transitional zone between the Plateau ethnic groups dominated by ancestral Tibetans, and the Central Plains dynasties dominated by ancestral Han in history. The Ganjia Basin is therefore well suited to studying the history of the intermixing of the Han and Tibetan peoples. In this study, we collected samples of organic materials from two ancient cities, Bajiaocheng (BJC) and Sirougucheng (SRGC), in the Ganjia Basin, which were used for radiocarbon dating. Our aims were to determine the construction times and function of the cities, based on the radiocarbon ages, Bayesian age modeling, and the analysis of relevant historical records. The results are used to discuss the role of the Ganjia Basin in the conflicts between and the integration of the two ethnic groups during the historical period. We conclude that BJC was established during 663–732 CE (Common Era); its early occupation history can be divided into an initial establishment phase (670–780 CE) and a phase of regeneration (880–1030 CE). SRGC was probably built at the time of the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties (~1271 CE). Combining the dating results with an analysis of the architectural styles and historical records, we conclude that BJC was originally built by the Tubo Kingdom as a military stronghold, and its major functions were military, economic and religious, and to support the major eastward expansion of the Tubo. SRGC was most likely a temple-focused city intended to promote Tibetan Buddhism which was a major political and religious leadership for the Tibetans at that time, reflecting changes in the status of different religions in the Ganjia Basin. In addition, the intermixing and blending of the Han and Tibetan groups, reflected by the human activities in the Ganjia Basin, was an important demographic and cultural foundation for the formation of the culturally-diverse but spiritually-united modern Chinese people.
Evolution of Neolithic site distribution (9.0–4.0 ka BP) in Anhui, East China

Based on archaeological surveys of Neolithic cultural development and GIS spatial analysis, this study reproduced the main characteristics of temporal distribution and settlement selection of the sites from the Neolithic Age in Anhui and identified a relationship between environmental evolution and human activity. The results show that altitude, slope direction, and slope gradient were consistent among the settlements at different stages of the Neolithic Age in Anhui, and the sites were mostly distributed in hilly and plain areas on southeast- or south-facing slopes of low gradients close to rivers. We determined that early Neolithic Age (9.0–7.0 ka BP) sites were scattered in small numbers and likely had little cultural exchange with communities of other provinces. The environmental characteristics of various regions in Anhui indicated that the climate was warm and humid with extensive water distribution. The sites of the mid Neolithic Age (7.0–5.0 ka BP) increased rapidly with wide distribution. They were mainly distributed in the plain area north of the Huaihe River and the southwestern areas of Anhui. In the mid Neolithic Age, the warm and humid climate gradually dried, and our ancestors slowly developed cultural exchanges. The largest number of sites existed during the late Neolithic Age (5.0–4.0 ka BP), and were distributed throughout the province. During this period, the overall climate was relatively dry, but humans could still obtain water and other resources through migration. The relatively benign climate facilitated cultural interaction and exchange, which increased during this time, and the Wanjiang culture matured. We also determined that as early civilization evolved, cultures in different regions responded differently to environmental changes. In humid subtropical regions, especially in low-lying plains and areas beside lakes, rivers, and coastal areas, the relatively dry climate in the late period of the middle Holocene, prefaced by a period of high humidity, was conducive to the development of human culture. The evidence from the Neolithic settlements in Anhui therefore reflects this subtropical man-land relationship between cultural development and environmental conditions.
Flow-through游离尺动脉腕上支皮瓣修复手指掌侧皮肤软组织缺损合并节段性指血管缺损

目的探讨flow-through游离尺动脉腕上支皮瓣治疗手指掌侧皮肤软组织缺损合并节段性指血管缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年3月我科应用flow-through游离尺动脉腕上支皮瓣治疗手指掌侧皮肤软组织缺损合并节段性指固有动脉缺损的16例患者,其中手指双侧指固有动脉节段性缺损12例,单侧缺损4例,血管缺损长度为1.0~2.5 cm。急诊一期皮瓣修复12例,亚急诊皮瓣修复4例。术后定期进行随访,末次随访时采用手指关节总主动活动度(total active motion,TAM)法评定手功能。结果术后16例16指皮瓣全部存活,未发生指端或皮瓣坏死。所有患者均获得随访,时间为6 ~24个月,平均15个月。末次随访时患指外观满意,皮瓣弹性、血运良好。手功能采用手指关节TAM法评定:优9例,良4例,可3例。供区无并发症。结论Flow-through游离尺动脉腕上支皮瓣治疗手指掌侧皮肤软组织缺损合并节段性指固有动脉缺损,术后手指外形及功能恢复良好,是治疗此类损伤的一种有效方法。
The oceanic responses to Typhoon Rananim on the East China Sea

Many typhoons pass through the East China Sea(ECS)and the oceanic responses to typhoons on the ECS shelf are very energetic.However, these responses are not well studied because of the complicated background oceanic environment.The sea surface temperature(SST)response to a severe Typhoon Rananim in August 2004 on the ECS shelf was observed by the merged cloud-penetrating microwave and infrared SST data.The observed SST response shows an extensive SST cooling with a maximum cooling of 3°C on the ECS shelf and the SST cooling lags the typhoon by about one day.A numerical model is designed to simulate the oceanic responses to Rananim.The numerical model reasonably simulates the observed SST response and thereby provides a more comprehensive investigation on the oceanic temperature and current responses.The simulation shows that Rananim deepens the ocean mix layer by more than 10 m on the ECS shelf and causes a cooling in the whole mixed layer.Both upwelling and entrainment are responsible for the cooling.Rananim significantly deforms the background Taiwan Warm Current on the ECS shelf and generates strong Ekman current at the surface.After the typhoon disappears, the surface current rotates clockwise and vertically, the current is featured by near inertial oscillation with upward propagating phase.
Status of genetic studies and breeding of Saccharina japonica in China

Saccharina japonica is one of the most important economic brown seaweeds. It is intensively cultivated on large scales in a number of Asian countries. The current annual, global production is about 8 million tons valued as about 4 million US dollars. Considerable efforts have been made to S. japonica in China since the 1950s on its cultivation. To further advance the cultivation of this species, detailed research of genetics and breeding studies are required. Recently, with the advancement of sequencing techniques, the genomics and comparative transcriptomics data were yielded, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has been conducted, along with genetic linkage maps constructed to this species. New strains have been bred and selected, with better characteristics, e.g. higher seawater temperature resistances and higher yields. In this review, we present the current status of genetic and breeding studies that have been performed to S. japonica in China, and provide guidelines for future developments in the areas of genetic selection and breeding for this species.
Control of UPQC Based on Steady State Linear Kalman Filter for Compensation of Power Quality Problems

A frequency lock loop(FLL)based steady state linear Kalman filter(SSLKF)for unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)control in three-phase systems is introduced. The SSLKF provides a highly accurate and fast estimation of grid frequency and the fundamental components(FCs)of the input signals. The Kalman filter is designed using an optimized filtering technique and intrinsic adaptive bandwidth architecture, and is easily integrated into a multiple model system. Therefore, the Kalman state estimator is fast and simple. The fundamental positive sequence components(FPSCs)of the grid voltages in a UPQC system are estimated via these SSLKF-FLL based filters. The estimation of reference signals for a UPQC controller is based on these FPSCs. Therefore, both active filters of a UPQC can perform one and more functions towards improving power quality in a distribution network. In addition to the SSLKF-FLL based algorithm, a bat optimization algorithm(based on the echolocation phenomenon of bats)is implemented to estimate the value of the proportional integral(PI)controller gains. The bat algorithm has a tendency to automatically zoom into a region where a promising alternative solution occurs, preventing the solution from becoming trapped in a local minima. The complete three-phase UPQC is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink platform and the hardware is tested under various power quality problems.
Active Disturbance Rejection Position Servo Control of PMSLM Based on Reduced-order Extended State Observer

To enhance the control accuracy of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor(PMSLM)servo systems affected by disturbances, such as time-varying parameters and abrupt load changes, an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)algorithm based on a reduced-order extended state observer(ESO)is adopted to suppress the disturbances on the control system. First, the system's ability to estimate disturbances is enhanced by linearizing the ESO. Second, the pole placement method is used for the construction of a reduced-order ESO that can reduce the influence of the number of adjustment parameters and the phase lag. The parameters of the reduced-order ADRC are adjusted, the optimal control parameters are selected, and the stability of controller is proved. Finally, practical experiments prove that the proposed method can improve control accuracy under multiple working conditions and features strong anti-interference ability. There is a smaller steady-state error, and no overshoot is observed.
Enhancing Energy Utilization Efficiency of Pakistani System Considering FACTS Devices and Distributed Generation: Feasibility Study

In recent years, voltage stability issues have become a serious concern with regard to the safety of electrical systems, these issues are more evident and have wider consequences in vertical networks with an insufficient reactive power reserve. Pakistan is currently suffering from the worst energy crisis in its history. Owing to an increase in energy demand, the current transmission system is becoming increasingly inadequate. It has thus become necessary to reduce losses and enhance the system voltage profile for more efficient energy utilization. In this study, the main emphasis is on assessing the feasibility of using flexible AC transmission system devices and distributed generation to compensate power failures on the power lines of the Pakistani power transmission system. The load flow and contingency analyses are performed on a 132 kV transmission system that feeds power to the Quetta electric supply company. The region of Baluchistan is studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The system is simulated using NEPLAN, which accurately models the details of all system elements and the optimal power flow. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method helps reduce system losses, voltage deviation, and power flow congestion, with all system constraints within permissible limits.
Current Status and Recent Advances in Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements

Preimplantation genetic testing(PGT)is an early form of prenatal genetic diagnosis,which can identify the abnormal embryos cultured in vitro,allow only transfer of genetically normal embryos,and improve the pregnancy rate.In recent years,the rapid development of microarrays and next-generation sequencing(NGS)technologies has remarkably accelerated the clinical application of PGT.In particular,a variety of detection methods have emerged and achieved significant progress in PGT for structural rearrangements(PGT-SR).The detection-related abilities of these methods range from the detection of limited chromosome aneuploidy to comprehensive chromosome screening of the whole genome to differentiation of embryos with normal or balanced translocation/inversion karyotypes.In this study,we reviewed PGT-SR-related detection techniques to provide a better reference for clinical application and research.We have also discussed the potential development of novel techniques in the future.
MESO-based Robustness Voltage Sliding Mode Control for AC Islanded Microgrid

A new modified extended state observer(MESO)-based robustness voltage sliding mode control(SMC)strategy is proposed for an AC islanded microgrid under system uncertainties including system parameter and load variation. First, the disturbance effect on the system is regarded as a lumped uncertainty, and a state space model of the uncertain islanded microgrid system is established. Then, a modified extended state observer is designed to estimate external disturbances and internal perturbation. Finally, considering the lumped uncertainty, a sliding mode controller with a multi-power reaching law is proposed to enable the output voltage of the system to track its reference voltage rapidly and accurately, and to enhance the robustness of the system. The simulation results confirm that the proposed robustness voltage control strategy can perform satisfactory voltage control and demonstrate a strong capability to reject parameter and load variation.
Egg laying behavior of common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus): Data based on field video-recordings

The egg laying behavior of brood parasites is at the heart of studies on host co-evolution. Therefore, research on egg laying behavior can improve our understanding of brood parasitism and associated processes. Over a seven year study period, we monitored 455 oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) nests during the egg laying period, 250 of which were parasitized by common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus). We collected 53 clear videos of common cuckoo parasitism, analyzed all recorded parasitic behavior in detail, and summarized the process of brood parasitism. Furthermore, based on analyses of the field video recordings, we propose a new explanation for egg removal behavior, namely the delivery hypothesis, i.e., egg pecking and biting by cuckoos may facilitate fast egg-laying and parasitism by reducing host attention and attack, with egg removal a side effect of egg pecking and biting. We concluded that common cuckoos change their behavior when hosts are present at the nest, with a set of behaviors performed to deal with host attack and successfully complete parasitic egg-laying regardless of time of day.
Spatial pattern and driving factors of biomass carbon density for natural and planted coniferous forests in mountainous terrain, eastern Loess Plateau of China

Background: Understanding the spatial pattern and driving factors of forest carbon density in mountainous terrain is of great importance for monitoring forest carbon in support of sustainable forest management for mitigating climate change. Methods: We collected the forest inventory data in 2015 in Shanxi Province, eastern Loess Plateau of China, to explore the spatial pattern and driving factors of biomass carbon density (BCD) for natural and planted coniferous forests using Anselin Local Moran's I, Local Getis-Ord G* and semivariogram analyses, and multi-group structural equation modeling, respectively. Results: The result of spatial pattern of BCDs for natural forests showed that the BCD was generally higher in the north but lower in the south of Shanxi. The spatial pattern for planted forests was substantially different from that for natural forests. The results of multi-group SEM suggested that elevation (or temperature as the alternative factor of elevation) and stand age were important driving factors of BCD for these two forest types. Compared with other factors, the effects of latitude and elevation on BCD showed much greater difference between these two forest types. The difference in indirect effect of latitude (mainly through affecting elevation and stand age) between natural and planted forests was to some extent a reflection of the difference between the spatial patterns of BCDs for natural and planted forests in Shanxi. Conclusions: The natural coniferous forests had a higher biomass carbon density, a stronger spatial dependency of biomass carbon density relative to planted coniferous forests in Shanxi. Elevation was the most important driving factor, and the effect on biomass carbon density was stronger for natural than planted coniferous forests. Besides, latitude presented only indirect effect on it for the two forest types.