mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Developmental quantitative genetic analysis of body weights and morphological traits in the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

In order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth traits in turbot during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of the body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights of turbots was conducted by mixed genetic models with additive-dominance effects, based on complete diallel crosses with four different strains of Scophthalmus maximus from Denmark, Norway, Britain, and France. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional additive effects for the four traits were more significant than unconditional dominance effects, meanwhile, the alternative expressions were also observed between the additive and dominant effects for body weights, total lengths and standard lengths. Conditional analysis showed that the developmental periods with active gene expression for body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights were 15-18, 15 and 21-24, 15 and 24, and 21 and 27 months of age, respectively. The proportions of unconditional/conditional variances indicated that the narrow-sense heritabilities of body weights, total lengths and standard lengths were all increased systematically. The accumulative effects of genes controlling the four quantitative traits were mainly additive effects, suggesting that the selection is more efficient for the genetic improvement of turbots. The conditional genetic procedure is a useful tool to understand the expression of genes controlling developmental quantitative traits at a specific developmental period (t-1→t) during ontogeny. It is also important to determine the appropriate developmental period (t-1→t) for trait measurement in developmental quantitative genetic analysis in fish.
North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water simulation and future projection

The present climate simulation and future projection of the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) in the North Pacific are investigated based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model (GFDL-ESM2M). Spatial patterns of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the eastern subtropical North Pacific and the ESTMW are well simulated using this model. Compared with historical simulation, the ESTMW is produced at lighter isopycnal surfaces and its total volume is decreased in the RCP8.5 runs, because the subduction rate of the ESTMW decreases by 0.82×10~(-6) m/s during February-March. In addition, it is found that the lateral induction decreasing is approximately four times more than the Ekman pumping, and thus it plays a dominant role in the decreased subduction rate associated with global warming. Moreover, the MLD during February-March is banded shoaling in response to global warming, extending northeastward from the east of the Hawaii Islands (20°N, 155°W) to the west coast of North America (30°N, 125°W), with a maximum shoaling of 50 m, and then leads to the lateral induction reduction. Meanwhile, the increased northeastward surface warm current to the east of Hawaii helps strengthen of the local upper ocean stratification and induces the banded shoaling MLD under warmer climate. This new finding indicates that the ocean surface currents play an important role in the response of the MLD and the ESTMW to global warming.
镧掺杂铅铁氧体的磁电耦合效应

多铁性材料是指在一定温度范围内同时存在铁磁序和铁电序的体系.近年来, 由于铁磁序和铁电序共存耦合而产生的磁电效应, 使多铁性材料蕴含着广阔的应用前景, 如具有记忆功能的存储器等.然而现有的多铁性化合物却非常稀少, 而且绝大多数已发现的多铁性材料的磁电耦合特征, 只有在特定的环境条件下才能表现出来(如低温).因此, 发现一种室温下能同时展现出较强的铁磁性和较大的铁电性并具备一定磁电耦合效应的单相多铁性化合物, 将具有里程碑式的意义.谭国龙课题组研究发现, 六角M-型铁氧体正好具备多铁性和磁电耦合效应.
A (k-n – k) Conjugate Boundary Value Problem with Semipositone Nonlinearity

The existence of positive solution is proved for a (k-n -k) conjugate boundary value problem in which the nonlinearity may make negative values and may be singular with respect to the time variable. The main results of Agarwal et al. (Agarwal R P, Grace S R, O’Regan D. Semipositive higher-order differential equations. Appl. Math. Letters, 2004, 14: 201–207) are extended. The basic tools are the Hammerstein integral equation and the Krasnosel’skii’s cone expansion-compression technique.
A mechanism for the origin and development of the large-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower reach of Laoha River, Northeast China

By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE–SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast China. By means of remote sensing imagery analysis and field observation as well as a comparison with a small-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower Xiangshui River, analogous to the case of the lower Laoha River, this paper presents a new mechanism for its origin and development. The results show that:(1) the large-scale dunefield bears a tile-style framework overwhelmingly composed of transverse barchanoid ridges perpendicular to the predominant winds, and inlaid diverse blowouts. (2) The small-scale dunefield, referred to as a primary structural unit of the large one, is typical of an incipient dunefield, following the same rules of evolution as the larger. (3) A succession of barchanoid ridge chains can steadily migrate downwind in much the same manner as surface wave propagation in air or water stimulated by an incised valley, and ultimately tend to bear roughly the same wavelength and amplitude under stable climate and hydrologic regimes. (4) The first ridge chain acquires its sand source substantially from the downwind escarpments exposing the loose Quaternary sandy sediments to the air, while the ensuing ridges derive their sands dominantly from in situ deflation of the underlain Quaternary loose sandy sediments in blowouts, partly from the upwind ridges through northern elongated horns. Theoretically, the sands from riparian escarpments can be transported by wind to the downwind distal end of a dunefield after sufficient long du-ration. (5) The lower Laohahe region experienced probably three significant climatic changes in the past, corresponding to the three active dune belts, suggesting that once a large-scale dunefield occurs, it is nearly impossible to be completely stabilized, at least in its central portions. At present, seasonal shrinkage and stagnation of the lower Laoha River, wide-spread farming and afforestation in the valley, and establishing windbreaks downwind of the valley as well as surrounding the dunefield, appear to have significantly modified local flow fields and sand sources, engendering significant degrada-tion of the dunefield.
Land desertification and restoration in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterized by high population growth, degraded and fragile nat-ural ecosystems, and a limited amount of arable lands. It is one of the most water-scarce regions in the world. The region is heterogeneous in terms of the countries' economies, but because it includes some of the richest and some of the poorest countries in the world, regional average economic performance statistics are misleading. The region is mostly semi-arid and arid, with significant areas of extreme aridity. These areas are further challenged by extreme temperatures, frequent drought, land degradation, and desertification. Recent changes in climate patterns, such as prolonged droughts, record temperatures, and increased rainfall irregularity, intensity and distribution, have all further negatively impacted the natural and agro-ecosystems in the region. Such changes have led to increased vulnerability of the people dependent on such re-sources for their livelihood. This article focuses on the impact of land desertification due to climate changes on the pre-vailing natural resources, and discusses several approaches for mitigating or alleviating desertification. It is clear that water shortage is a problem in many countries of this predominantly arid region, and is unlikely to be reduced and may be exacerbated by climate change. Proposed adaptation strategies might include more efficient organization of water supplies, treatment, and delivery systems, and increased use of groundwater. It is necessary to develop alternative production and management systems appropriate to the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in order to prevent further degradation of the prevailing agro-ecosystems and sustain the livelihoods of farmers living in marginal conditions. Grasslands, livestock, and water resources are likely to be most vulnerable to climate change in the region because they are located mostly in marginal areas. Changes in cropping practices and improved irrigation practices, and introducing proper livestock-fodder crop production integrated systems, could significantly enhance water use efficiency, eliminate the impact of desertification, and improve local livelihoods.
成人肾母细胞瘤1例

肾母细胞瘤又称肾胚胎瘤、Wilms瘤,是起源于后肾胚基的恶性肿瘤。肾母细胞瘤是最常见的发生于婴幼儿腹部的恶性肿瘤,约占婴幼儿所有实体肿瘤的8%~12%。成人肾母细胞瘤罕见,占所有肾母细胞瘤的1%以下,而双肾同时发病更为少见。其病理学示成人肾母细胞瘤由未分化的胚芽组织、上皮组织及间胚叶间质组成。免疫组化显示多样性。29%成人肾母细胞瘤会发生远处转移,其中骨转移与肺转移多见,分别为10%~13%和10%,肝转移相对少见,约占2%。本例为中年女性,CT扫描发现双肾皮质多发软组织肿块及结节,部分可见囊变及钙化,增强扫描呈不均匀渐进性强化,多发肾周种植转移及成骨性转移。成人肾母细胞瘤需与肾细胞癌、肾嗜酸细胞瘤等常见的肾脏肿瘤相鉴别,鉴别要点是成人肾母细胞瘤发生于肾皮质,且增强扫描呈逐渐强化。
浅谈上海中心大厦设计质量控制

在房地产项目中,业主能否进行有效的设计管理,获取高质量的设计文件,对实现整个工程的进度、质量、投资三个控制目标至关重要。从组织措施、技术措施两方面,介绍上海中心大厦项目进行设计质量控制的方法。
超大型地下空间排水工程设计

介绍了苏州市太湖新城核心区地下空间的排水系统设计,尤其是雨水、渗漏水设计,总结梳理了类似地下商业交通综合体开发与应用中排水设计应注意的问题,并提出了对项目的各个功能区进行风险评估的概念,合理疏导雨水排放,减灾防灾。
长乐东区水厂工艺设计及运行效果分析

新建长乐东区水厂规模10万m~3/d,水厂设有常规处理系统和排泥水处理系统,取水采取了避咸措施,斜管沉淀池前置了平流预沉淀段。介绍了水厂净水工艺流程、主要处理构筑物的工艺参数及设计特点。从运行效果来看,出水水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)。
游离股前外侧皮瓣在老年患者中的全身应用体会

急性全身各处创伤及手术创伤等因素可造成大面积皮肤缺损。对老年患者来说,选择合理皮瓣早期修复皮肤缺损对控制感染、减轻经济及心理、身体各方面负担有不可忽视的积极意义。随着显微外科技术的成熟和发展,股前外侧皮瓣在国内外得到广泛临床应用,特别是游离股前外侧皮瓣,以其血管恒定蒂长、解剖操作简单、供区隐蔽、取皮面积大等多个优点,成为许多游离皮瓣的首选皮瓣。我院应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复老年患者全身多种部位缺损35例,效果满意。
长春市朝阳区老年人社区护理需求

在"以家庭为主、养老机构为辅、社区为依托"的新型养老模式背景下,社区卫生服务的发展迫在眉睫。而老年人的社区护理一直是社区卫生服务的重点。本文调查老年人社区护理需求。
老年冠心病患者生活质量与应对方式的相关性

目的探讨老年冠心病患者生活质量与应对方式的相关性。方法采用目的抽样方法选取86例患者,应用一般资料调查表、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表和医学应对量表(MCMQ)进行问卷调查。结果老年冠心病患者生活质量受住院次数、病变程度和文化程度的影响(r=0.716、0.928、0.665,均P<0.05)。老年冠心病患者面对应对方式和屈服应对方式维度得分高于常模(P<0.05),面对应对方式与患者生活质量的三个领域呈正相关(r=0.323、0.216、0.257,均P<0.05)。屈服应对方式与患者生活质量的身体领域和情绪领域呈负相关(r=-0.221、-0.159,均P<0.05)。结论临床工作中医护人员应该对老年冠心病患者的应对能力和应对方式进行评估和干预,提高患者远期生活质量。
中药穴位贴敷双涌泉治疗老年夜尿症的临床疗效

目的观察中药穴位贴敷双涌泉治疗老年性夜尿症的临床疗效。方法将2012年10月至2014年5月收入针灸科的老年性夜尿症90例患者按照随机数字法的原则分为对照组(44例)和治疗组(46例),其中治疗组脱落2例,对照组脱落1例,最终统计病例对照组43例,治疗组44例。对照组采用安慰剂穴位贴敷双涌泉,治疗组采用中药穴位贴敷双涌泉,治疗3个疗程21 d,观察两组治疗后的夜尿改善情况。结果治疗组夜尿次数均值明显下降,且在治疗14 d后夜尿情况明显改善(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率(93.18%)显著高于对照组(27.91%)(P<0.01)。结论与对照相比,中药穴位贴敷双涌泉治疗老年性夜尿症临床效果显著。
丁苯酞治疗血管性认知功能障碍患者的临床疗效

目的探讨丁苯酞对脑梗死后认知功能的改善作用。方法选择70例脑梗死后认知功能障碍患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。两组患者均酌情予以控制血压、血糖和血脂,改善血小板聚集和营养脑细胞等基础治疗。治疗组患者加用丁苯酞胶囊200 mg/次,3次/d,连用12 w。对照组患者加用尼莫地平片30 mg/次,3次/d,连用12 w。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后认知功能的变化。结果用药后4 w、8 w、12 w,两组MoCA评分均较治疗前上升(P<0.05),且治疗组上升值明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后12 w,MoCA各子项目评分与治疗前比较均有提高(P<0.05),治疗组 MoCA各子项目评分值较对照组患者显著提高(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞能明显改善脑梗死后患者的认知功能障碍,延缓患者认知功能下降的速度。
淫羊藿醇提取与水提取工艺的比较

目的优选淫羊藿醇提取和水提取工艺,并对两种提取方法进行对比。方法采用正交设计,以淫羊藿苷提取率为指标,分别考察乙醇体积分数、加醇量、回流时间、回流次数对醇提取工艺的影响以及加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对水提取工艺的影响。结果优选出的醇提取工艺为8倍量70%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2 h,第1次需多加入3倍70%乙醇;优选出的水提取工艺为8倍量水煎煮2次,每次1 h,第1次需多加入3倍水。结论水提取法淫羊藿苷提取率较高,虽低于醇提取法,但两种方法出膏率无明显差别,并且节时、节能,为其在工业化大生产的推广应用提供了一定的参考依据。
三黄颗粒中黄芩素代替黄芩苷素的药理比较

目的比较三黄颗粒(大黄、含量70%以上黄芩苷浸膏和盐酸小檗碱)和三黄颗粒中以黄芩素代替黄芩苷制备的素代三黄颗粒的解热、镇痛和抗炎药效。方法采用自身酶解法提取黄芩素提取物(含黄芩素63. 5%)代替黄芩浸膏粉入药制备素代三黄颗粒,采用干酵母致Wistar大鼠发热试验、醋酸致昆明小鼠扭体试验和鲜蛋清致大鼠足肿胀试验比较素代三黄颗粒和三黄颗粒的药理作用。结果制得的黄芩素提取物中黄芩素含量为63. 5%。素代三黄颗粒能明显抑制干酵母所致大鼠发热的体温变化、醋酸致小鼠扭体次数(镇痛率为62. 68%)和鲜蛋清致大鼠足肿胀(足肿胀度在2,3,4 h时明显低于三黄颗粒组),效果均优于三黄颗粒。结论素代三黄颗粒具有较好的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用,以黄芩素代替黄芩苷进行制剂具有一定的应用前景。
Bacterial melanin promotes recovery after sciatic nerve injury in rats

Bacterial melanin, obtained from the mutant strain of Bacillus Thuringiensis, has been shown to promote recovery after central nervous system injury. It is hypothesized, in this study, that bacterial melanin can promote structural and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.Rats subjected to sciatic nerve transection were intramuscularly administered bacterial melanin.The sciatic nerve transected rats that did not receive intramuscular administration of bacterial melanin served as controls. Behavior tests showed that compared to control rats, the time taken for instrumental conditioned reflex recovery was significantly shorter and the ability to keep the balance on the rotating bar was significantly better in bacterial melanin-treated rats. Histomorphological tests showed that bacterial melanin promoted axon regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. These findings suggest that bacterial melanin exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve, contributes to limb motor function recovery, and therefore can be used for rehabilitation treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
人工智能基础理论研究的重大进展——评钟义信的专著《高等人工智能原理》

2014年3月科学出版社出版了北京邮电大学教授钟义信的最新专著《高等人工智能原理》,该书有5篇10章共538千字。第1篇探讨智能科学中的科学观(第1章）和方法论(第2章），第2篇阐述全信息理论(第3章）和知识生态理论（第4章），第3篇论述智能科学的研究模型和信息转换原理(第5~6章），第4篇分析高等人工智能理论与现行人工智能理论的关系（第7~9章），第5篇讨论高等人工智能原理的典型应用（第10章）。书的读者对象群主要是广大人工智能科学工作者、博士生、硕士生和本科高年级学生。该书在人工智能的基本观念、基本方法、基本模型、基本理论等方面都有重大突破，形成了一个全新的人工智能理论体系，与当今国内外普遍流行的人工智能理论体系相比有全面提升，用“高等人工智能原理”命名恰如其分。该书不仅能使读者全面了解人工智能的基本原理和方法，而且能启迪思维，引导读者步入自主创新之路， 具有承前启后，继往开来的特殊作用。
Knowing your enemies: Integrating molecular and ecological methods to assess the impact of arthropod predators on crop pests

The importance of natural enemies as the foundation of integrated pest management (IPM) is widely accepted, but few studies conduct the manipulative field experiments necessary to directly quantify their impact on pest populations in this context. This is particularly true for predators. Studying arthropod predator–prey interactions is inherently difficult: prey items are often completely consumed, individual predator–prey interactions are ephemeral (rendering their detection difficult) and the typically fluid or soft-bodied meals cannot be easily identified visually within predator guts. Serological techniques have long been used in arthropod predator gut-contents analysis, and current enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are highly specific and sensitive. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for gut-contents analysis have developed rapidly and they now dominate the diagnostic methods used for gut-contents analysis in field-based research. This work has identified trophic linkages within food webs, determined predator diet breadth and preference, demonstrated the importance of cannibalism and intraguild predation within and between certain taxa, and confirmed the benefits (predator persistence) and potential disadvantages (reduced feeding on pest species) of the availability of alternative nonpest prey. Despite considerable efforts to calibrate gut-contents assays,these methods remain qualitative. Available techniques for predator gut-contents analysis can provide rapid, accurate, cost-effective identification of predation events. As such, they perfectly compliment the ecological methods developed to directly assess predator impacts on prey populations but which are imperfect at identifying the key predators. These diagnostic methods for gut-contents analysis are underexploited in agricultural research and they are almost never applied in unison with the critical field experiments to measure predator impact. This paper stresses the need for a combined approach and suggests a framework that would make this possible, so that appropriate natural enemies can be targeted in conservation biological control.
EMMD-Prony approach for dynamic validation of simulation models

Model validation and updating is critical to model credibility growth. In order to assess model credibility quantitatively and locate model error precisely, a new dynamic validation method based on extremum field mean mode decomposition (EMMD) and the Prony method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complex dynamic responses from models and real systems are processed into stationary components by EMMD. These components always have definite physical meanings which can be the evidence about rough model error location. Secondly, the Prony method is applied to identify the features of each EMMD component. Amplitude similarity, frequency similarity, damping similarity and phase similarity are defined to describe the similarity of dynamic responses.Then quantitative validation metrics are obtained based on the improved entropy weight and energy proportion. Precise model error location is realized based on the physical meanings of these features. The application of this method in aircraft controller design provides evidence about its feasibility and usability.
Novel region-based image compression method based on spiking cortical model

To get the high compression ratio as well as the high-quality reconstructed image, an effective image compression scheme named irregular segmentation region coding based on spiking cortical model (ISRCS) is presented. This scheme isregion-based and mainly focuses on two issues. Firstly, an appropriate segmentation algorithm is developed to partition an image into some irregular regions and tidy contours, where the crucial regions corresponding to objects are retained and a lot of tiny parts are eliminated. The irregular regions and contours are coded using different methods respectively in the next step. The other issue is the coding method of contours where an efficient and novel chain code is employed. This scheme tries to find a compromise between the quality of reconstructed images and the compression ratio. Some principles and experiments are conducted and the results show its higher performance compared with other compression technologies, in terms of higher quality of reconstructed images, higher compression ratio and less time consuming.
Interval grey number sequence prediction by using non-homogenous exponential discrete grey forecasting model

This paper aims to study a new grey prediction approach and its solution for forecasting the main system variable whose accurate value could not be collected while the potential value set could be defined. Based on the traditional nonhomogenous discrete grey forecasting model (NDGM), the interval grey number and its algebra operations are redefined and combined with the NDGM model to construct a new interval grey number sequence prediction approach. The solving principle of the model is analyzed, the new accuracy evaluation indices, i.e. mean absolute percentage error of mean value sequence (MAPEM) and mean percent of interval sequence simulating value set covered (MPSVSC), are defined and, the procedure of the interval grey number sequence based the NDGM (IG-NDGM) is given out. Finally, a numerical case is used to test the modelling accuracy of the proposed model. Results show that the proposed approach could solve the interval grey number sequence prediction problem and it is much better than the traditional DGM(1,1) model and GM(1,1) model.
Joint optimization of LORA and spares stocks considering corrective maintenance time

Level of repair analysis (LORA) is an important method of maintenance decision for establishing systems of operation and maintenance in the equipment development period. Currently, the research on equipment of repair level focuses on economic analysis models which are used to optimize costs and rarely considers the maintenance time required by the implementation of the maintenance program. In fact, as to the system requiring high mission complete success, the maintenance time is an important factor which has a great influence on the availability of equipment systems. Considering the relationship between the maintenance time and the spares stocks level, it is obvious that there are contradictions between the maintenance time and the cost. In order to balance these two factors, it is necessary to build an optimization LORA model. To this end, the maintenance time representing performance characteristic is introduced, and on the basis of spares stocks which is traditionally regarded as a decision variable, a decision variable of repair level is added, and a multi-echelon multiindenture (MEMI) optimization LORA model is built which takes the best cost-effectiveness ratio as the criterion, the expected number of backorder (EBO) as the objective function and the cost as the constraint. Besides, the paper designs a convex programming algorithm of multi-variable for the optimization model, provides solutions to the non-convex objective function and methods for improving the efficiency of the algorithm. The method provided in this paper is proved to be credible and effective according to the numerical example and the simulation result.
Chemoresistance to CDDP Induces EMT Through Activation of RAC1 in SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

The incidence rate of epithelial ovarian cancers ranks third among female reproductive system cancers, and its mortality rate stands first among the list of gynecologic tumors.The standard mode of treatment is cytoreductive surgery(debulking)plus the administration of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.About 70% of advanced patients who receive standard treatments can achieve clinical remission.However, a certain percentage of patients with clinical remission will still experience tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance.Thus, an exploration on the common interrelated molecular mechanisms of epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis and drug resistance is the focus of our study.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)is not only the basis of biological processes of embryonic development, but it also can lead to the enhancement of invasion and the metastasis ability of some epithelial tumor cells.At the same time, it can reduce the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs.RAC1, which is one of the members of the Rho subfamily, can mediate important signal transductions via an active form of GTP-RAC1, and play a role as a molecular switch in the regulation of cell biological behaviors, such as EMT.And based on a large amount of basic research, RAC1, as one of the member of the Rho subfamily appears to play significant role in the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, movement, invasion, and transfer of various tumor cells as well as blood vessels.Therefore, this study focuses on the occurrence process of EMT in SKOV3 cells, which is mediated by RAC1activation, as well as the relationship between the process of cell sensitivity and cisplatin(CDDP), and the ability of invasion and metastasis.The Boyden chamber method was used to compare the migration and invasion ability between two kinds of cells, and the results showed that the adhesion and invasion abilities of SKOV3/DDP were significantly increased(Figure 1a, b).Meanwhile, we compared the expression level of GTP-RAC1between two kinds of cells(SKOV3 and SKOV3/ DDP).The results showed that the expression level of GTP-RAC1in SKOV3/DDP was apparently higher than that in SKOV3 cells(Figure 1c).We compared the expression levels of EMT-related key proteins, such as E-cadherin(CDH1), Claudin(CLDN1), Vimentin(VIM), Snail1(SNAI1)and Slug(SNAI2)cells, between two groups of cells using RT-PCR and Western blot methods.We found that in SKOV3/DDP cells, the expression levels of VIM and SNAI1were increased, and the expression levels of CDH1and CLDN1were decreased(Figure 1d, e).
利用样本数据估计流感相关死亡负担的研究进展

流感季节性流行和大流行均可导致大量门急诊就诊、住院、死亡,严重危害人类健康和社会经济。由于流感诊断需要特异的实验室检测且临床上不开展常规检测,因此住院、死亡负担通常采用间接方法进行评价。据WHO估计,季节性流感的年度流行导致全球300万~500万人出现严重疾病,25万~50万人死亡。1918年、1957年和1968年三次大流行分别导致全球约2 000万、400万和200万人死亡,2009 - 2010年的甲型H1N1流感大流行[A(H1N1)pdm]导致201 200人死于流感相关呼吸系统疾病。上述全球范围的流感死亡负担均是基于部分国家的样本数据利用统计学模型进行估计而得。全球和各国流感相关死亡负担研究有助于增加决策者和公众对流感危害的认识。