mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
IN SITU OBSERVATION OF MELTING AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIORS OF POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE) ULTRA-THIN FILMS BY AFM TECHNIQUE

The melting and crystallization behaviors of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) ultra-thin films with thickness from 15 nm to 8 nm were studied by AFM technique equipped with a hot-stage in real-time. It was found that melting can erase the spherulitic structure for polymer film with high thickness. However, annealing above the melting point can not completely erase the tree-like structure for the thinner polymer film. Generally, the structure formation of thin polymer films of PCL is controlled not only by melting and crystallization but also by dewetting during thermal annealing procedures, and dewetting predominates in the structure formation of ultra-thin films. However, the presence of tree-like morphology at 75 °C may be due to the strong interaction between PCL and mica surface, which may stick the PCL chains onto the mica surface during thermal annealing process. Moreover, the growth of the dendrites was investigated and it was found that crystallization is followed from a dewetted sample, and the branches did not grow with the stems. The crystallization of polymer in the ultra-thin films is a diffusion-controlled process. Both melting and crystallization behaviors of PCL in thin films are influenced by film thickness.
INCREASED SPHERULITIC GROWTH RATES OF SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMER DUE TO ENHANCED LIMITED LOCAL CHAIN SEGMENTAL MOBILITY AT THE INTERFACE OF DOUBLE-LAYER THIN FILMS

In this work the nucleation and growth of spherulites for the below polylactide (PLA) layer in poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactide (PCL/PLA) double-layer films during isothermal crystallization at various temperatures above the melting point of PCL have been investigated by using polarized optical microscopy (POM). It is revealed that two types of spherulitic morphologies are observed in PCL/PLA double-layer films. One is the well defined highly birefringent spherulites, and the other one is the coarse spherulites. It is interesting to find that the spherulitic growth rate of the coarse spherulites is higher than that of the well defined spherulites. It is thought that the coarse spherulites nucleate and grow with the assistance of the interfaces between the PCL and PLA layers, and the well defined highly birefringent spherulites only nucleate and grow in the PLA layer.
Electrical conductivity of Gd doped BiFeO_3---PbZrO_3 composite

The composite, 0.5(BiGd_(0.15)Fe_(0.85)O_3)---0.5(PbZrO_3), was synthesized using the solid-state reaction technique. The formation of the compound was confirmed by XRD with an orthorhombic structure at room temperature. The impedance parameters were studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide range of frequency (10~2---10~6?Hz) at different temperatures. The Nyquist plot suggests the contribution of bulk effect and a slight indication of grain boundary effect and the bulk resistance decreases with a rise in temperature. The presence of temperature-dependent relaxation process occurs in the material. Electrical modulus reveals the presence of the hopping mechanism in the materials. The value of exponent n, pre-factor A and σ_(dc) were obtained by fitting ac conductivity data with Jonscher’s universal power law. The activation energies calculated from the ac conductivity were found to be 0.50, 0.46, 0.44, 0.43, 0.42 and 0.38?eV at 1, 10, 50, 100, 500?kHz and 1?MHz respectively in the temperature region of 110°C---350°C. The dc conductivity was found to increase with the rise in temperature. The activation energy calculated from complex impedance plot and from the fitted Jonscher’s power law are very close, which results similar type of charge carrier exist in conduction mechanism of the material.
Recent research situation in tin dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, microstructures, and properties

This review article summarizes the new research in solid-state physical chemistry understanding of the microstructure characteristics of semiconductor tin oxide thin films made in the last years in our group. The work mainly focuses on the fabrication technology of semiconductor tin oxides thin films by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as well as the application of this technology on new micro- and nanostructured materials. It is an interdisciplinary work that integrates the areas of physics, chemistry and materials science.
肥胖对小切口直肠癌低位/超低位前切除手术的影响

目的探索肥胖对小切口直肠癌低位/超低位前切除术效果的影响，以论证肥胖低位/超低位直肠癌患者行小切口直肠癌切除术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2009年12月期间在四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组收治且确诊为直肠癌患者的临床资料，根据患者的手术方式，分为小切口组（A组，119例）和标准切口组（B组，188例），同时按照世界卫生组织对肥胖程度的定义，进一步将各组分为超重组和非超重组，比较组内和组间的手术安全性和术后恢复指标。结果在术中出血量方面，A组超重患者的术中出血量高于非超重患者（P=0.018）,同时也高于B组中非超重组（P=0.010）；在手术持续时间方面，A组的非超重患者的手术持续时间比同组的超重患者短(P=0.016)，但比B组非超重患者长（P=0.015）；在术后进食方面，A组超重患者，其术后进食时间比B组非超重患者短（P=0.020）,而在术后的并发症发生率、肿瘤转移复发率及死亡率方面，4组之间差异均无统计学意义。结论肥胖对于行小切口直肠癌低位/超低位前切除术的操作有一定影响，但也能达到与传统切口手术相同的治疗效果且术后康复安全性较好，在直肠癌专业化手术的基础上，肥胖患者的小切口直肠癌低位/超低位根治术是可行的术式。
Multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head

With the continuous improvement of the train speed, the dynamic environment of trains turns out to be aerodynamic domination. Solving the aerodynamic problems has become one of the key factors of the high-speed train head design. Given that the aerodynamic drag is a significant factor that restrains train speed and energy conservation, reducing the aerodynamic drag is thus an important consideration of the high-speed train head design. However, the reduction of the aerodynamic drag may increase other aerodynamic forces (moments), possibly deteriorating the operational safety of the train. The multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head was proposed in this paper, and the aerodynamic drag and load reduction factor were set to be optimization objectives. The automatic multi-objective optimization design of the high-speed train head can be achieved by integrating a series of procedures into the multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as the establishment of 3D parametric model, the aerodynamic mesh generation, the calculation of the flow field around the train, and the vehicle system dynamics. The correlation between the optimization objectives and optimization variables was analyzed to obtain the most important optimization variables, and a further analysis of the nonlinear relationship between the key optimization variables and the optimization objectives was obtained. After optimization, the aerodynamic drag of optimized train was reduced by up to 4.15%, and the load reduction factor was reduced by up to 1.72%.
广泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌头孢他啶与米诺环素的联合药敏试验分析

目的了解我院鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)的耐药率,探讨广泛耐药AB感染的临床用药新途径。方法分析我院2007年1月至2011年12月临床各类送检标本中AB的耐药状况,采用微量棋盘稀释法测定头孢他啶和米诺环素对临床分离的广泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(XDR-AB)联合药敏情况,计算部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数。结果分离出的326株AB对17种抗菌药物的耐药率总体呈逐年上升趋势,其中包括XDR-AB 110株。头孢他啶与米诺环素联合应用有协同作用(77.3%)和相加作用(20.0%),2.7%的菌株表现为无关作用,未发生拮抗作用。结论 AB耐药率逐年上升,头孢他啶与米诺环素联合药敏试验对97.3%的XDR-AB菌株有协同或相加作用。
干细胞及肿瘤细胞中nucleostemin基因的研究进展

Nucleostemin(NS)基因在干细胞中高表达,在干细胞分化时迅速减少,参与干细胞和肿瘤细胞的增殖调控,维持干细胞扩增并抑制其向成熟细胞分化,从而阻止细胞凋亡。NS基因在肿瘤细胞干细胞特性维持中也起重要作用。NS蛋白以依赖于GTP的形式穿梭于核仁和核质之间,参与核糖体特别是前核糖体rRNA的装配过程。NS基因与肿瘤发生关系密切,或可作为靶向治疗的候选基因。
三腔二囊管联合自制食道囊上注吸管在治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血中的应用

肝硬化引起的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂所致上消化道出血临床常见,如何迅速控制出血、抗休克、保护器官功能、降低病死率,是急诊抢救的关键[8]。临床上,对患肝硬化导致食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者,在使用药物治疗效果不佳的时候,通常用三腔二囊管紧急止血,虽不能从病因上根本解决问题,但能为其进一步治疗赢得时间。传统三腔二囊管在临床运用中存在以下缺点:①胃腔内注药仅能作用于胃内,造成药物对食道出血部位的直接效果较差。②食道内引流不畅,易积血引起反流、误吸甚至窒息;③为了避免胃和食道气囊压迫过久导致黏膜糜烂、与气囊壁粘连,需定期对气囊进行放气,但清醒患者口服石蜡油易引起恶心、呕吐、反流,而昏迷患者则不能口服石蜡油,给临床定期气囊放气的实施带来困难,甚至有加重原发病的可能。
Dangerous deformations of subgrade and methods of their calculation

The main reasons for a breach of trouble-free operation of the subgrade are the different kinds of deformation, such as train load impact on subgrade surface, loss of stability to subgrade slope, weight of embankment on the base, and partial or complete failure of the railway track due to frost heaving. This paper gives a summary of deformation analysis methods being developed in Russia to estimate the operating conditions of the railway subgrade.
The crystal structure of human GDP-L-fucose synthase

Human GDP-L-fucose synthase, also known as FX protein, synthesizes GDP-L-fucose from its substrate GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose. The reaction involves epimerization at both C-3 and C-5 followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction of the carbonyl at C-4. In this paper, the first crystal structure of human FX protein was determined at 2.37 A resolution. The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure contains four molecules which form two homodimers. Each molecule consists of two domains, a Rossmann-fold NADPH-binding motif and a carboxyl terminal domain. Compared with the Escherichia coli GDP-L-fucose synthase, the overall structures of these two enzymes have four major differences. There are four loops in the structure of human FX protein corresponding to two α-helices and two β-sheets in that of the E. coli enzyme. Besides, there are seven different amino acid residues binding with NAPDH comparing human FX protein with that from E. coli. The structure of human FX reveals the key catalytic residues and could be useful for the design of drugs for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and possibly certain types of cancer.
椎动脉型颈椎病外科治疗效果的观察

目的探讨不同手术方法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)的临床效果。方法采用3种手术方式治疗CSA患者97例,其中32例以椎动脉受压为主,椎动脉造影(DSA)或椎动脉磁共振造影(MRA)示狭窄程度>18%的患者行椎动脉减压外膜剥离术(A组);27例颈椎不稳而不存在椎动脉受压的患者行前路颈椎间盘切除、椎间融合术(B组);38例有明显颈椎节段不稳、且有椎动脉受压的患者行椎动脉减压外膜剥离并前路椎间盘切除、椎间融合术(C组)。按NAGASHIMA提出的疗效评定标准,比较3种手术方式的优良率。结果所有患者随访2~8年,平均4.9年。A、B、C组的优良率分别为53.1%、85.2%和86.8%,A组与B、C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)。结论颈椎前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合恢复颈椎稳定性手术较单纯椎动脉外膜剥离术效果好;而在颈椎稳定性恢复的前提下,是否行椎动脉减压、外膜剥离术对CSA手术治疗效果无影响。
A型肉毒毒素治疗雷诺现象一例

雷诺现象是指手指和足趾等部位由寒冷或情绪激动等因素诱发相应部位皮肤发生苍白、发绀和潮红三相改变的现象,通常伴有手指等部位的疼痛、麻木,严重的可能导致局部溃疡。其发病是由肢端小动脉异常痉挛所导致,但具体机制不明,可能与支配周围血管的交感神经功能紊乱或周围血管内皮功能紊乱有关。雷诺现象包括继发于硬皮病或狼疮等疾病的雷诺综合征和原发性雷诺病两大类,尚缺乏特效治疗手段,目前的治疗方法主要有:(1)药物治疗:钙离子通道阻滞剂、前列腺素、内皮素受体诘抗剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂和5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、抗氧化剂、他汀类药物等,对于严重的雷诺综合征常不能有效地防止溃疡或坏疽的发生,也不能有效缓解疼痛;(2)手术治疗: 交感神经节切除术,有报道称症状能改善者仅占40% ~ 60%,且症状缓解时间不长,往往术后2年症状复发;对伴有动脉闭塞性病变的患者疗效肯定,但是对伴有结缔组织病的患者疗效不佳。
赵利华治疗乳腺增生症经验

赵利华认为乳腺增生症与肝、脾胃、冲任关系密切,肝郁痰凝是本病的基本病机和起始病机,治疗上强调解郁、疏肝、化痰应贯穿于治疗的各个阶段,辅以健脾养血、活血止痛、调理冲任等治法,临床可分为肝郁气滞型、肝郁血瘀型、冲任失调型等3型,分型辨治可获良效。
动气针法在针灸治痛临床中的应用

简要回顾动气针法的源流,重点阐述针推科门诊常见的几种疾病,如落枕、岔气、五十肩、背痛和急性腰扭伤的临床选穴及动气针法在其中的运用,以期为提高痛症的针灸临床疗效提供有益的参考。
老年重症颅脑损伤患者早期实施肠内营养支持治疗的体会

重度颅脑损伤过渡期合理应用营养支持治疗,对患者的愈后起到很重要的作用。发生重型颅脑损伤后,由于创伤和应激反应,致使机体出现严重的代谢障碍,在创伤早期对患者实施合理的营养支持治疗,可以增加患者的抗病能力,减少肠源性的感染,还可为机体创造一个稳定的内环境,提供机体恢复所需的能量,减少并发症的发生率,降低致残和致死率。
493名离退休干部口腔健康状况

老年期是龋病好发的第3个高峰期,第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查报告结果表明,我国65~74岁患龋率为98.4%。本文拟为了解兵器老干部人群口腔健康状况及口腔疾病的发病趋势。
老年梅毒患者186例临床分析

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的一种全身性的慢性传统性传播疾病。我国梅毒患者以性活跃期的20~40岁年龄段高发,但近些年来,老年梅毒患者有增多趋势。2000年我国第五次人口普查结果显示我国已经进入"老年型"国家,2010年我国第六次人口普查结果表明我国老龄化进程加速。对于老年梅毒患者来说,其发病往往较隐匿,且常常无自觉症状,就诊治疗相对较晚,重视程度相对不够,故对老年梅毒患者作回顾性临床分析很有必要。
中国老年人医疗费用的负担水平及变化趋势

目的探讨中国老年人医疗费用负担水平及变动趋势。方法运用"中国城乡老年人口状况一次性调查"2000年和2006年两次调查的数据,选取相关指标,对老年人的医疗费用负担的水平及变化趋势进行描述和比较分析。结果男性老年人医疗费用负担水平高于女性;城市老年人医疗费用负担水平高于农村老年人;受教育程度提高,老年人的医疗费用负担水平增高;收入水平提高,老年人的医疗费用负担水平增高。结论不同人口和社会特征的老年人的医疗费用分布呈现一定的规律性。两次调查间,老年人的医疗费用的上涨速度非常快。
高压氧联合石菖蒲挥发油对老年痴呆症大鼠模型学习记忆功能及脑组织SOD、MDA水平的影响

目的探讨高压氧疗法结合石菖蒲挥发油对老年痴呆大鼠模型学习记忆功能的影响及脑组织内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的改变作用。方法采用腹腔注射D-半乳糖的方法诱发老年大鼠发生老年痴呆症(AD)。造模成功后,采用单纯高压氧、高压氧联合不同剂量的石菖蒲挥发油进行治疗,通过水迷宫实验、跳台实验考察其对AD大鼠学习记忆功能的影响,并测定动物模型脑组织内的SOD活性及MDA含量的变化。结果与模型组比较,所有治疗组的水迷宫实验及跳台实验成绩显著提升(P<0.05或P<0.01),脑组织内的SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。高压氧联合石菖蒲挥发油治疗组对大鼠学习记忆的改善效果及对SOD、MDA的影响均优于单纯高压氧治疗组。结论高压氧联合石菖蒲挥发油可以通过影响SOD、MDA的含量对抗自由基的生成,保护脑细胞,从而改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力。
高血糖对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡及细胞色素C表达的影响

目的探讨高血糖加重脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法70只雄性SD大鼠随机分为三大组:高血糖组30只、正常血糖组30只、假手术组10只,继而制作大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注大鼠模型。分别于缺血2 h再灌注6、12、24 h进行神经功能评分、TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡数目、免疫组化检测细胞色素C(Cyt-C)表达,并进行图像分析。结果相同再灌注时间点高血糖组神经功能缺损比正常血糖组严重。相同再灌注时间点高血糖组凋亡细胞数目及Cyt-C表达明显高于正常血糖组。结论Cyt-C在高血糖加重脑缺血损伤中起重要作用。
老年糖尿病患者应用低血糖生成指数膳食的获益性评估

目的观察低血糖生成指数(LGI)膳食对老年2型糖尿病患者的获益性评估。方法将108例研究对象应用单纯随机单盲法分为LGI膳食组(54例)、非GIL膳食即对照组(54例);以60岁为年龄分界,LGI组老年亚组〔26例,平均年龄(70.7±4.3)岁〕和中年亚组〔28例,平均年龄(54.7±4.3)岁〕;对照组老年亚组〔25例,平均年龄(70.7±4.3)岁〕和中年亚组〔29例,平均年龄(70.7±4.3)岁〕。观察期为3个月后,分别比较两组患者的膳食结构,观察血糖、血脂、体重指数(BMI)、HbA1c以及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)等。结果LGI组膳食结构具有明显变化;LGI组患者血脂、BMI、HbA1c和ISI较对照组明显降低。老年患者LGI膳食干预后TG、TC和HDL-C可见改变(t=7.51、6.78和7.06,均P<0.05),而LDL-C水平无明显变化(t=1.64,P>0.05);干预后两亚组比较,老年人LDL-C水平明显高于中年组(t=8.52,P<0.05);HbA1c和ISI指标表现为老年患者LGI膳食干预后明显改善(t=6.59,P<0.05)。LGI膳食干预后老年组低血糖发生率明显高于中年组(χ~2= 7.05,P<0.01),心衰发生率也在老年组偏高且有统计学意义(χ~2=4.36,P<0.05)。而脑卒中、心绞痛发作和血压波动发生率未见差异。结论老年糖尿病患者LGI膳食利于血脂,特别是TG、体重、HbA1c和胰岛素敏感性的控制,但潜在低血糖和心功能变化的风险。
环介导等温扩增技术研究进展及其在病原检测中的应用

环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)是日本学者Notomi于2000年建立的一种新型的核酸扩增技术。近年来该技术在不断的改进和完善过程中被广泛应用于各种病原检测,本研究就LAMP技术进展和病原检测应用这两方面研究进展进行综述如下。
乳腺恶性叶状肿瘤的研究进展

乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTs)是一种少见的纤维上皮性肿瘤,2012年WHO乳腺肿瘤病理学新分类仍保持对该肿瘤的命名和分类标准,将其分为良性、交界性和恶性~([1])。叶状肿瘤好发年龄为40~ 50岁,恶性叶状肿瘤则较良性者晚2~5年。据美国监测、流行病学与最终结果(SEER)数据库资料显示每年有2.1例/ 10万女性被诊断为恶性乳腺叶状肿瘤~([2])。与良性和交界性叶状肿瘤比较,恶性叶状肿瘤更具独特的组织结构和细胞形态,也更具高的复发率及转移率,从而预后不良甚至危及生命。
经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管抢救腹部创伤休克患者

腹部创伤的急救随着医护人员对伤势的认识与诊断水平的提高,其救治的成功率也随着增高,但救治的成功离不开血容量的补充、药物的应用,要在短时间内快速提升血容量,最好的方法是建立中心静脉通道。据临床观察,在入院时建立中心静脉通道并非每家医院都能做到,有少数医院由急救科的医师置入中心静脉导管(central venous catheter,CVC),目前常规由护士建立2条以上的静脉通道采用留置套管针或头皮针进行补液,对于腹部创伤休克的患者,较难在短时间内为抢救赢得时间与生命,快速提升血容量;同时,入院时在抢救现场的往往是护士,护士能否担当起这一重任?随着经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central venous catheter,PICC)在我国的广泛开展,掌握这项技术的护士越来越多。为此,现将我科在腹部创伤休克患者中应用这项技术抢救成功的经验报告如下。
主动脉瓣病变患儿的Ross手术治疗

主动脉瓣病变患儿的治疗,采用机械瓣膜置换术操作简单,但是抗凝不足或者抗凝过量均具危险;而且患儿需要置人物具有生长的潜能以避免多次手术,机械瓣膜显然无法满足需求。现总结我中心2002年8月至2008年10月采用Ross手术治疗15例主动脉病变患儿的结果及围术期处理情况,报道如下。
毁损性手外伤急诊修复与重建的方法选择

目的探讨毁损性手外伤急诊采用多种方法进行修复与重建的临床治疗效果。方法对15例手指和(或)手掌毁损伤分别采用手指移位再植、游离皮瓣移植桥接再植以及组合组织瓣移植、足趾移植的方法,急诊行手再造。结果本组15例,移位再植手指及游离足趾移植共21指,17指成活,4指坏死,成活率为81%,术后随访6个月至2.5年,再造手外形尚可,感觉部分恢复,再造手恢复一定的抓、捏、握的功能,虎口对掌分离角20°~ 55°,闭合角16° ~ 45°,指端对合最小距离0 ~ 19 mm。根据国际手外科联合会Nakomura Tamal手功能评价方案,优5例,良6例,中2例,差2例,优良率73.3%。结论利用毁损手残余手指结合组织瓣移植和足趾移植急诊手再造,可获得患手功能的部分恢复和重建,是一种可行的治疗方法。
反复发热一咳嗽一气短

由于TO是一种少见病,且临床表现不特异,极易误诊。我们由本例患者的诊治过程中得出的一些启示:(1)TO特征性改变是支气管镜下可见管壁上多发无蒂结节突出于管腔,直径1~6 mm,坚硬,可呈串珠样;(2)气管支气管黏膜肥厚及突出的结节可引起远端的气道阻塞,因此反复同一部位的阻塞性肺炎、肺不张应当考虑到TO的可能;(3)反复多次多部位活检有助于提高TO的诊断阳性率;(4)TO预后良好;(5)气管镜检查对于反复咳嗽、肺炎的患者是重要检查手段,有助于明确诊断及发现少见病。
关于淋巴瘤病理分类的一些新认识

淋巴瘤是一组生物学特点迥异疾病的总称,这些疾病的定义和识别,建立于对其形态、免疫表型、 遗传学以及临床特点综合认识的基础之上。WHO于2008年修订的第四版淋巴瘤分类(以下称2008年分类)与之前的第3版以及修订的欧美淋巴瘤(REAL)分类都采用这种多参数的方法来定义真正意义上的淋巴瘤病种。这种分类方法不但有助于人们诊断、鉴别已知疾病,而且还有助于人们发现、定义新的病种或深化对已知疾病的认识。2008年分类面世以来,淋巴瘤分类相关的新知识不断出现。以下分别就分类演进的动力、淋巴瘤早期病变与惰性克隆性淋巴组织增生、侵袭性淋巴瘤以及未来分类展望作一简介。
儿童急性髓系白血病化疗相关进展

儿童急性髓系白血病(AML)的发生率仅次于儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病,占儿童急性白血病的20%左右。一直以来儿童AML的预后较儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病差,国际儿童白血病协助组纷纷就其诊治和预后进行了持续重点的研究随访,经过对儿童AML治疗方案的研究调整和综合支持治疗的改善,儿童AML的预后有了显著进步。现就近年儿童AML化疗方面的研究和进展进行综述。
Molybdenum sputtering film characterization for high gradient accelerating structures

Technological advancements are strongly required to fulfill the demands of new accelerator devices with the highest accelerating gradients and operation reliability for the future colliders. To this purpose an extensive R&D regarding molybdenum coatings on copper is in progress. In this contribution we describe chemical composition, deposition quality and resistivity properties of different molybdenum coatings obtained via sputtering. The deposited films are thick metallic disorder layers with different resistivity values above and below the molibdenum dioxide reference value. Chemical and electrical properties of these sputtered coatings have been characterized by Rutherford backscattering, XANES and photoemission spectroscopy. We will also consider multiple cells standing wave section coated by a molybdenum layer designed to improve the performance of X-Band accelerating systems.
Diagnosis of Electron, Vibrational and Rotational Temperatures in an Ar/N _2 Shock Plasma Jet Produced by a Low Pressure DC Cascade Arc Discharge

In this paper, a low pressure Ar/N _2 shock plasma jet with clearly multicycle al- ternating zones produced by a DC cascade arc discharge has been investigated by an emission spectral method combined with Abel inversion analysis. Plasma emission intensity, electron, vi- brational and rotational temperatures of the shock plasma have been measured in the expansion and compression zones. The results indicate that the ranges of the measured electron temperature, vibrational temperature and rotational temperature are 1.1 eV to 1.6 eV, 0.2 eV to 0.7 eV and 0.19 eV to 0.22 eV, respectively, and it is found for the first time that the vibrational and rota- tional temperatures increase while the electron temperature decreases in the compression zones. The electron temperature departs from the vibrational and the rotational temperatures due to non-equilibrium plasma effects. Electrons and heavy particles could not completely exchange energy via collisions in the shock plasma jet under the low pressure of 620 Pa or so.
慢性肾脏病患者存在的安全隐患及对策

患者安全(patient safety)是指在医疗过程中采取必要措施,避免或预防患者不良后果或伤害,包括预防差错(error)、偏误(bias)和意外(accident)。据相关统计,到2010年全球因慢性肾脏病接受透析的人群将达200万人。随着慢性肾脏病患者人数的日益增加,其在临床护理工作中凸显的安全问题也相应增多。为加强对慢性肾脏病患者的安全管理,提高护理服务质量,本文对慢性肾脏病患者的安全隐患与对策进行了总结,现报道如下。
膀胱癌分子治疗与雄激素受体的研究进展

膀胱癌是我国最常见的泌尿系肿瘤之一。世界范围内,膀胱癌位列男性最常见实体瘤的第四位,在女性位列第七位,每年新诊断的膀胱癌患者超过350000名。美国癌症协会预测,2012年美国膀胱癌死亡病例数将达到14880例,其中男10510例,女4370例,分别占新发病例数的18.9%和24.4%。吸烟是目前最为肯定的膀胱癌致病因素,其次为长期接触工业化学产品,有家族史者发生膀胱癌的危险性也明显增加。临床治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的金标准为根治性膀胱切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫,但患者预后较差;非肌层浸润型膀胱癌术后5年内的复发率高达70%。放化疗虽可减轻患者症状,对膀胱癌有一定疗效,但不良反应较大,且不能实际延长患者的生存期。术后复发、转移仍是威胁患者生命的重要原因。因此,寻找敏感度及特异度高的膀胱癌分子标志物,发展以疾病相关生物学为基础的新的治疗方法,合理运用新型分子靶向治疗,成为当下研究热点。目前己有大量研究证明雄激素及其受体与膀胱癌的发生发展密切相关,有可能成为膀胱癌分子治疗的重要靶点。本文就雄激素受体与膀胱癌分子治疗的研究进展做一综述。
结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V2013)

肝脏是结直肠癌血行转移最主要的靶器官,结直肠癌肝转移(colorecta cancer liver matastases)是结直肠癌治疗的重点和难点之一。15%~25%的结直肠癌病人在确诊时即合并肝转移,而另有15%~25%的病人将在结直肠癌原发灶根治术后发生肝转移,其中绝大多数(80%~90%)的肝转移灶无法获得根治性切除。结直肠癌肝转移也是结直肠癌病人最主要的死亡原因,肝转移灶未经治疗的病人其中位生存期仅6.9个月,无法切除病人的5年存活率接近0,而肝转移灶能完全切除病人的中位生存期为35个月,5年存活率可达30%~50%。研究表明,有一部分最初肝转移灶无法切除者经治疗后可以变为可切除病灶。因此,通过多学科合作团队对结直肠癌肝转移病人进行全面评估,个性化地制定治疗目标,开展相应综合治疗,以预防结直肠癌肝转移的发生、提高肝转移灶手术切除率和5年存活率。
全身播散性隐球菌病死亡1例

在鉴定过程中,如死者存在导致免疫力低下的基础疾病或治疗,且出现长时间不明原因发热,同时有各个系统感染的相应症状,但进行一般的细菌培养结果呈阴性时,应当考虑该病存在的可能性。由于隐球菌芽孢在HE染色中一般淡染或无色,容易被忽略,或被认为是制片时的小气泡,从而造成漏诊、误诊,而墨汁染色、PAS染色、AB染色等组织化学染色可以清晰辨别。因此,在尸检,特别是阅片时应仔细观察、鉴别,必要时进行特殊染色以明确诊断。
中医药在辅助生殖技术中应用的实验研究

20世纪70年代试管婴儿的问世开创了辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)的新纪元。然而,这项给诸多不孕不育夫妇带来福音的技术并不是完美的,它还存在不少弊端,如容易造成卵巢过度刺激综合征、多胎妊娠,增加宫外孕、流产等妊娠不良结局的风险,费用高昂而成功率非常有限等。中医药的介入,将弥补上述不足,为试管婴儿领域开拓新的思路和途径。大量实验研究发现,中医药介入ART,具有促进卵泡发育及排卵、提高卵细胞及精子质量、提高卵子受精率、改善血供、增加孕卵着床机会以及促进早期胚胎发育等作用。笔者就中医药在ART 中应用的实验研究综述如下。
The Chemical Kinetics in Migration of Organophosphorus in Clay with Different pH

In order to study the characters of chemical kinetics for organophosphorus migration in clay with different pH, waste of organophosphorus was put under pressure to leakage permeating the cohesive soil, and simulate the process of organophosphorus leakage permeating the Aquitard, searching the characters of chemical kinetics for organophosphorus migration in clay with different pH. It is shown that the ability of migration of organophosphorus leakage permeating the cohesive soil fall with increase of pH; the penetration rate of organophosphorus is about 1.25% when pH is 7.5, organophosphorus has not penetrated the cohesive soil when pH is equal or greater than 8.5. The effect of retardarce is obvious. Concentration of PO_4~(3-) that comes from the mineralization of organophosphorus is lowered slightly with increases of pH of clay, and rise with extension of time. The Chemical Kinetics equation is log c=-0.1pH+0.2172k_1t+S.
Characteristics and Dolomitization of Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Dolomite from Outcrop in Keping Uplift, Western Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include (1) micritic dolomites (MD1); (2) fine-coarse euhedral floating dolomites (MD2); (3) fine-coarse euhedral dolomites (MD3); and (4) medium-very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites (MD4). Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement (CD1) that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ~(18)O values of -9.7‰ to -3.0‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite); δ~(13)C values of -0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ~(18)O values (-12.9‰ to -9.1‰ VPDB); slightly lower δ~(13)C values (-1.6‰-0.6‰ VPDB); higher ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios (0.709165-0.709764); and high homogenization temperature (Th) values (98℃-225℃) and salinities (6 wt%-24 wt% NaCl equivalent). Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration (58.6 ppm) and high Fe and Mn contents (1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively). These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids.
Further Information of the Associated Li Deposits in the No.6 Coal Seam at Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li_2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase could be most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.
对经皮经肾动脉射频消融交感神经术治疗难治性高血压的几点疑问

近30年来,全球心血管病专家及医师们十分重视高血压病的防治工作,民众对自己血压的知晓率大大提高, 多种降压药物的广泛应用使高血压的控制率也有很大提高,临床上不伴有靶器官损伤的难治性高血压明显减少。由澳大利亚医生报道的经皮经肾动脉射频消融交感神经术(RSD)的方法比起60年前的交感神经节切除术虽然操作简单, 但我们对这一介入术的理论、研究方法、短期及长期疗效、靶器官保护等方面的作用持审慎态度。
Observation of the Double Sodium Layer Over Haikou, China by Lidar

A Double Sodium Layer (DSL) structure was observed during the night of August 22, 2011 over Haikou, China (20°N, 110°E) by Na lidar. This DSL comprised a typical sodium layer at altitudes of 80~105km and a higher sodium layer at altitudes of 105~115km in about 0.5h. A wavelength of 589 nm dye laser pumped by a Nd: YAG laser was used to make the measurement. The backscattered fluorescence photons from the sodium layer were collected by a telescope with a primary mirror of 1000 mm in diameter. The sodium density of these layers during the nighttime observation in the Mesosphere and Lower-Thermosphere (MLT) was studied.