mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Estimates on nitrogen uptake in the subsequent wheat by aboveground and root residue and rhizodeposition of using peanut labeled with 15N isotope on the North China Plain

Leguminous crops play a vital role in enhancing crop yield and improving soil fertility. Therefore, it can be used as an organic N source for improving soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to (i) quantify the amounts of N derived from rhizodeposition, root and above-ground biomass of peanut residue in comparison with wheat and (ii) estimate the effect of the residual N on the wheat-growing season in the subsequent year. The plants of peanut and wheat were stem fed with 15N urea using the cotton-wick method at the Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University in 2014. The experiment consisted of four residue-returning strategies in a randomized complete-block design: (i) no return of crop residue (CR0); (ii) return of above-ground biomass of peanut crop (CR1); (iii) return of peanut root biomass (CR2); and (iv) return of all residue of the whole peanut plant (CR3). The 31.5 and 21% of the labeled 15N isotope were accumulated in the above-ground tissues (leaves and stems) of peanuts and wheat, respectively. N rhizodeposition of peanuts and wheat accounted for 14.91 and 3.61% of the BG15N, respectively. The 15N from the below-ground 15N-labeled of peanuts were supplied 11.3, 5.9, 13.5, and 6.1% of in the CR0, CR1, CR2, and CR3 treatments, respectively. Peanut straw contributes a significant proportion of N to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues and N rhizodeposition. With the current production level on the NCP, it is estimated that peanut straw can potentially replace 104 500 tons of synthetic N fertilizer per year. The inclusion of peanut in rotation with cereal can significantly reduce the use of N fertilizer and enhance the system sustainability.
Research advances of SAR remote sensing for agriculture applications: A review

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an effective and important technique in monitoring crop and other agricultural targets because its quality does not depend on weather conditions. SAR is sensitive to the geometrical structures and dielectric properties of the targets and has a certain penetration ability to some agricultural targets. The capabilities of SAR for agriculture applications can be organized into three main categories: crop identification and crop planting area statistics, crop and cropland parameter extraction, and crop yield estimation. According to the above concepts, this paper systematically analyses the recent progresses, existing problems and future directions in SAR agricultural remote sensing. In recent years, with the remarkable progresses in SAR remote sensing systems, the available SAR data sources have been greatly enriched. The accuracies of the crop classification and parameter extraction by SAR data have been improved progressively. But the development of modern agriculture has put forwarded higher requirements for SAR remote sensing. For instance, the spatial resolution and revisiting cycle of the SAR sensors, the accuracy of crop classification, the whole phenological period monitoring of crop growth status, the soil moisture inversion under the condition of high vegetation coverage, the integrations of SAR remote sensing retrieval information with hydrological models and/or crop growth models, and so on, still need to be improved. In the future, the joint use of optical and SAR remote sensing data, the application of multi-band multi-dimensional SAR, the precise and high efficient modeling of electromagnetic scattering and parameter extraction of crop and farmland composite scene, the development of light and small SAR systems like those onboard unmanned aerial vehicles and their applications will be active research areas in agriculture remote sensing. This paper concludes that SAR remote sensing has great potential and will play a more significant role in the various fields of agricultural remote sensing.
Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil

The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget (P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P. Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies. To address this, a long-term experiment (1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget. The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model. In treatments without P fertilization (CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg~(–1) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P deficit, respectively. Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages. When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers (NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg~(–1), respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM and 1.5NPKM) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P surplus. When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg~(–1) in NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha~(–1) P surplus. The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models. The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the “storage threshold” of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha~(–1) P for more adsorption sites. According to the critical soil P values (CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization. Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures (NPKM and 1.5NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer.
Magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect observed in IrMn/NiFe/Cu/YIG multilayer structure

The magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) has been observed in NiFe film during spin Seebeck measurement in IrMn/NiFe/Cu/yttrium iron garnet (YIG) multilayer structure, where the YIG and NiFe layers act as the spin injector and spin current detector, respectively. By using the NiFe/IrMn exchange bias structure, the magnetization direction of YIG (M_(YIG)) can be rotated with respect to that of NiFe (M_(NiFe)) with a small magnetic field, thus allowing us to observe the magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect voltage in NiFe layer. Compared with the situation that polarization direction of spin current (σ_s) is perpendicular to M_(NiFe), the spin Seebeck voltage is about 30% larger than that when σ_s and M_(NiFe) are parallel to each other. This phenomenon may originate from either or both of stronger interface or bulk scattering to spin current when σ_s and M_(NiFe) are perpendicular to each other. Our work provides a way to control the voltage induced by ISHE in ferromagnets.
High quality 2-µm GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk laser grown by molecular beam epitaxy

The epitaxial growth conditions and performance of a diode-pumped GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk laser (SDL) emitting near 2.0 µm in an external cavity configuration are reported. The high quality epitaxial structure, grown on Te-doped (001) oriented GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, consists of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), a multi-quantum-well gain region, and a window layer. An intra-cavity SiC heat spreader was attached to the gain chip for effective thermal management. A continuous-wave output power of over 1 W operating at 2.03 µm wavelength operating near room temperature was achieved using a 3% output coupler.
Investigation and optimization of sampling characteristics of light field camera for flame temperature measurement

It is essential to investigate the light field camera parameters for the accurate flame temperature measurement because the sampling characteristics of the flame radiation can be varied with them. In this study, novel indices of the light field camera were proposed to investigate the directional and spatial sampling characteristics of the flame radiation. Effects of light field camera parameters such as focal length and magnification of the main lens, focal length and magnification of the microlens were investigated. It was observed that the sampling characteristics of the flame are varied with the different parameters of the light field camera. The optimized parameters of the light field camera were then proposed for the flame radiation sampling. The larger sampling angle (23 times larger) is achieved by the optimized parameters compared to the commercial light field camera parameters. A non-negative least square (NNLS) algorithm was used to reconstruct the flame temperature. The reconstruction accuracy was also evaluated by the optimized parameters. The results suggested that the optimized parameters can provide higher reconstruction accuracy for axisymmetric and non-symmetric flame conditions in comparison to the commercial light field camera.
Effect of scanning speeds on electrochemical corrosion resistance of laser cladding TC4 alloy

In order to study the effect of scanning speed on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of laser cladding TC4 alloy in artificial seawater,the x-ray diffraction analysis,microstructure of cross-section,microhardness variation,and impedance spectrum have been studied in comparison with the TC4 titanium alloy.The results show that the main phase of cladding coating is a-Ti,and the change of scanning speed has no obvious effect on it;therefore,the supersaturated a-Ti solid solution is formed,and the acicular a0 martensite is obtained.As the scanning speed increases,the microstructure of cladding coating is orthogonal basket-weave,the crystal surface spacing decreases,and the average microhardness of laser cladding TC4 alloy slightly increases.When the scanning speed increases to 10 mm/s,the microhardness is about 14.71% higher than that of the substrate,and the electrochemical corrosion resistance of laser cladding TC4 alloy is also improved,which is about 2.48 times more than the substrate.Grain refinement has a great effect on enhancing the anti-electrochemical corrosion.
Numerical simulation on modulational instability of ion-acoustic waves in plasma

In this paper,the one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is used to study the modulation instability of ion acoustic waves in electron–ion plasmas.The ion acoustic wave is described by using a nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) derived from the reductive perturbation method.Form our numerical simulations,we are able to demonstrate that,after the modulation,the amplitude increases steadily over time.Furthermore,by comparing the numerical results with traditional analytical solutions,we acquire the application scope for the reductive perturbation method to obtain the NLSE.We also find this method can also be extended to other fields such as fluid dynamics,nonlinear optics,solid state physics,and the Bose–Einstein condensate to validate the application scope of the results from the traditional perturbation method.
Effects of secondary electron emission on plasma characteristics in dual-frequency atmospheric pressure helium discharge by fluid modeling

A one-dimensional (1D) fluid simulation of dual frequency discharge in helium gas at atmospheric pressure is carried out to investigate the role of the secondary electron emission on the surfaces of the electrodes.In the simulation,electrons,ions of He~+ and He_2~+,metastable atoms of He* and metastable molecules of He* 2 are included.It is found that the secondary electron emission coefficient significantly influences plasma density and electric field as well as electron heating mechanisms and ionization rate.The particle densities increase with increasing SEE coefficient from 0 to 0.3 as well as the sheath’s electric field and electron source.Moreover,the SEE coefficient also influences the electron heating mechanism and electron power dissipation in the plasma and both of them increase with increasing SEE coefficient within the range from 0 to 0.3 as a result of increasing of electron density.
Realization of t-bit semiclassical quantum Fourier transform on IBM’s quantum cloud computer

To overcome the difficulty of realizing large-scale quantum Fourier transform (QFT) within existing technology,this paper implements a resource-saving method (named t-bit semiclassical QFT over Z2n),which could realize large-scale QFT using an arbitrary-scale quantum register.By developing a feasible method to realize the control quantum gate Rk,we experimentally realize the 2-bit semiclassical QFT over Z23 on IBM’s quantum cloud computer,which shows the feasibility of the method.Then,we compare the actual performance of 2-bit semiclassical QFT with standard QFT in the experiments.The squared statistical overlap experimental data shows that the fidelity of 2-bit semiclassical QFT is higher than that of standard QFT,which is mainly due to fewer two-qubit gates in the semiclassical QFT.Furthermore,based on the proposed method,N = 15 is successfully factorized by implementing Shor’s algorithm.
Underwater Object Recognition Based on Deep Encoding-Decoding Network

Ocean underwater exploration is a part of oceanography that investigates the physical and biological conditions for scientific and commercial purposes. And video technology plays an important role and is extensively applied for underwater environment observation. Different from the conventional methods, video technology explores the underwater ecosystem continuously and non-invasively. However, due to the scattering and attenuation of light transport in the water, complex noise distribution and lowlight condition cause challenges for underwater video applications including object detection and recognition. In this paper, we propose a new deep encoding-decoding convolutional architecture for underwater object recognition. It uses the deep encoding-decoding network for extracting the discriminative features from the noisy low-light underwater images. To create the deconvolutional layers for classification, we apply the deconvolution kernel with a matched feature map, instead of full connection, to solve the problem of dimension disaster and low accuracy. Moreover, we introduce data augmentation and transfer learning technologies to solve the problem of data starvation. For experiments, we investigated the public datasets with our proposed method and the state-of-the-art methods. The results show that our work achieves significant accuracy. This work provides new underwater technologies applied for ocean exploration.
湖北省新生儿听力筛查现状调查

目的调查2016年湖北省新生儿听力筛查开展现状,为进一步规范该省新生儿听力筛查工作提供参考。方法对湖北省17个地级市的所有助产机构及听力筛查机构进行调查,向各地卫生计生委发放17份2016年听力筛查现况调查表,收回有效调查表17份,对相关数据进行汇总分析。结果全省共1 192家分娩机构,其中开展新生儿听力筛查的医院有316家,占26.51%,有4家非助产机构开展了新生儿听力筛查。2016年全省新生儿听力筛查覆盖率73.89%。各医院听力筛查方法及科室不统一,初筛采用OAE、AABR、OAE+AABR的机构分别有289、15、16所,分别占90.31%、4.69%、5%。结论湖北省新生儿听力筛查覆盖率有待提高,追踪随访有待加强。
Investigation of the liquid recycle in the reactor cascade of an industrial scale ebullated bed hydrocracking unit

One of the commercial means to convert heavy oil residue is hydrocracking in an ebullated bed. The ebullated bed reactor includes a complex gas-liquid-solid backmixed system which attracts the attention of many scientists and research groups. This work is aimed at the calculation of the internal recycle flow rate and understanding its effect on other parameters of the ebullated bed. Measured data were collected from an industrial scale residual hydrocracking unit consisting of a cascade of three ebullated bed reactors. A simplified block model of the ebullated bed reactors was created in Aspen Plus and fed with measured data. For reaction yield calculation, a lumped kinetic model was used. The model was verified by comparing experimental and calculated distillation curves as well as the calculated and measured reactor inlet temperature. Influence of the feed rate on the recycle ratio (recycle to feed flow rate) was estimated. A relation between the recycle flow rate, pump pressure difference and catalyst inventory has been identified. The recycle ratio also affects the temperature gradient along the reac-tor cascade. Influence of the recycle ratio on the temperature gradient decreased with the cascade member order.
Review on application of nanoparticles for EOR purposes: A critical review of the opportunities and challenges

Nanoparticles have already gained attentions for their countless potential applications in enhanced oil recovery. Nano-sized particles would help to recover trapped oil by several mechanisms including interfacial tension reduction, impulsive emulsion formation and wettability alteration of porous media. The presence of dispersed nanoparticles in injected fluids would enhance the recovery process through their movement towards oil-water interface. This would cause the interfacial tension to be reduced. In this research, the effects of different types of nanoparticles and different nanoparticle concentrations on EOR processes were investigated. Different flooding experiments were investigated to reveal enhancing oil recovery mechanisms. The results showed that nanoparticles have the ability to reduce the IFT as well as contact angle, making the solid surface to more water wet. As nanoparticle concentration increasesmore trapped oilwas produced mainly due to wettability alteration to water wet and IFT reduction. However, pore blockage was also observed due to adsorption of nanoparticles, a phenomenon which caused the injection pressure to increase. Nonetheless, such higher injection pressure could displace some trapped oil in the small pore channels out of the model. The investigated results gave a clear indication that the EOR potential of nanoparticle fluid is significant.
免疫抑制治疗并发粪类圆线虫感染1例

本病例提示:在临床使用激素类药物或免疫抑制剂前,应做粪类圆线虫的常规检查,发现感染者,应先予以杀虫治疗;若已用上述药物,在驱虫前应停用,避免自身感染;应加强粪便和水源管理,做好个人防护。
《非洲资源开发与中非能源合作安全研究》丛书书评

全球化尤其是中非深度合作,拉进了中国和非洲之间的距离,中非已成为命运共同体.深化中非资源尤其是能源合作研究不仅是非洲经济发展的需要,也是中国国家发展的需要.近些年来,在“一带一路”愿景框架下,随着非洲国际地位的提升以及中非新型战略合作伙伴关系的建立,非洲地理与资源研究正面临着新的发展机遇和需求.非洲研究涉及地理、资源、环境、制度和农业技术等各个领域,而资源可持续发展是其中的关注焦点,也是中非合作的重点领域.由南京大学黄贤金、甄峰领衔主编的《中非资源开发与中非能源合作安全研究》丛书,是近几年来在非洲地理与资源研究领域的一项重大成果,体现了南京大学非洲研究鲜明的地理与区域特色,以及50余年来扎根于非洲问题研究的学术积淀与深厚实力.
System Design for the Event Horizon Imaging Experiment Using the PECMEO Concept

The concept for space interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Circular Medium Earth Orbits (the PECMEO concept) is a promising way to acquire the image of the "shadow" of the event horizon of Sagittarius A* with an angular resolution of circa 5 microarcseconds. The concept is intended to decrease the size of the main reflector of the instrument to about 3 m using a precise orbit reconstruction based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation, inter-satellite range and range-rate measurements, and data from the Attitude and Orbit Determination System (AODS). The paper provides the current progress on the definition of the subsystems required for the concept on the basis of simulations, radio regulations, and available technology. The paper proposes the requirement for the localization of the phase centre of the main reflector. The paper provides information about the visibility of GNSS satellites and the needed accuracies of the AODS. The paper proposes the frequency plan for the instrument and its Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs). The concepts for measurement of range and range rate using ISLs (as well as for the data exchange at these ISLs) are presented. The block diagram of the interferometer is described and its sensitivity is estimated. The link budget for both ISLs is given as well as their critical components. The calculated measurement quality factors are given. The paper shows the expected performance of the sub-systems of the interferometer. The requirements for the localization of the main reflectors and the information about the availability of the GNSS satellites are based on the simulations results. The frequency plan is obtained according to the PECMEO concept and taking into account the radio regulations. The existing technology defines the accuracies of the AODS as well as the link budgets and the measurement accuracies for both ISLs and the sensitivity of the instrument. The paper provides input information for the development of the orbit reconstruction filter and the whole PECMEO system.
Grain size characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of surface sediments from the Southwest Indian Ridge area and its geological significance

The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ-8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.
Multi-year assessment of paralytic shellfish toxins in hard clam species along the coastline of Jiangsu Province, China

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are notorious neurotoxins that threaten public health and food safety worldwide. Although PST monitoring programs have recently been established throughout China, the profiles and variation of PSTs in important commercial clams (e.g., Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Meretrix meretrix) along the Jiangsu Province coastline remain largely unexplored. In this study, a validated hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method was used to examine PST profiles and levels in 540 clam samples from natural production areas along Jiangsu Province coastline during 2014-2016. Although the PST levels (≤6.38 μg saxitotoxin equivalents (eq)/kg) were consistently below European Union regulatory limits (≤800 μg saxitotoxin eq/kg) during this time period, saxitotoxin, decarbamoylsaxitotoxin, and gonyautoxins 1 and 4 were detected, and nearly 40% of the samples were saxitotoxin-positive. The PST levels also varied significantly by seasons, with peak values observed in May during 2014-2016. This is the first systematic report of PSTs in clams from Jiangsu Province, and additional research and protective measures are needed to ensure the safety of clams harvested in this area.