mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Targeting orthotopic gliomas with renal-clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles

A major clinical translational challenge in nanomedicine is the potential of toxicity associated with the uptake and long-term retention of non-degradable nanoparticles (NPs) in major organs. The development of inorganic NPs that undergo renal clearance could potentially resolve this significant biosafety concern. However, it remains unclear whether inorganic NPs that can be excreted by the kidneys remain capable of targeting tumors with poor permeability. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant orthotopic brain tumor, presents a unique challenge for NP delivery because of the blood-brain barrier and robust blood-tumor barrier of reactive microglia and macroglia in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we used an orthotopic murine glioma model to investigate the passive targeting of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 3 nm in diameter that undergo renal clearance and 18-nm AuNPs that fail to undergo renal clearance. Remarkably, we report that 3-nm AuNPs were able to target intracranial tumor tissues with higher efficiency (2.3× relative to surrounding non-tumor normal brain tissues) and greater specificity (3.0×) than did the larger AuNPs. Pharmacokinetics studies suggested that the higher glioma targeting ability of the 3-nm AuNPs may be attributed to the longer retention time in circulation. The total accumulation of the 3-nm AuNPs in major organs was significantly less (8.4×) than that of the 18-nm AuNPs. Microscopic imaging of blood vessels and renal-clearable AuNPs showed extravasation of NPs from the leaky blood-tumor barrier into the tumor interstitium. Taken together, our results suggest that the 3-nm AuNPs, characterized by enhanced permeability and retention, are able to target brain tumors and undergo renal clearance.
Flammable carbon nanotube transistors on a nitrocellulose paper substrate for transient electronics

Transient electronics represent an emerging class of technology comprising materials that can vanish in a controlled manner in response to stimuli. In contrast to conventional electronic devices that are designed to operate over the longest possible period, transient electronics are defined by operation typically over a short and well-defined period; when no longer needed, transient electronics undergo self-deconstruction and disappear completely. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of thermally triggered transient electronic devices based on a paper substrate, specifically, a nitrocellulose paper. Nitrocellulose paper is frequently used in acts of magic because it consists of highly flammable components that are formed by nitrating cellulose by exposure to nitric acid. Therefore, a complete and rapid destruction of electronic devices fabricated on nitrocellulose paper is possible without producing any residue (i.e., ash). The transience rates can be modified by controlling radio frequency signal-induced voltages that are applied to a silver (Ag) resistive heater, which is stamped on the backside of the nitrocellulose paper. The Ag resistive heater was prepared by a simple, low-cost stamping fabrication, which requires no harsh chemicals or complex thermal treatments. For the electronics on the nitrocellulose paper substrate, we employed semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) network channels in the transistor for superior electrical and mechanical properties.
Principles of rockbolting design

This article introduces the principles of underground rockbolting design. The items discussed include underground loading conditions, natural pressure zone around an underground opening, design methodologies, selection of rockbolt types, determination of bolt length and spacing, factor of safety, and compatibility between support elements. Different types of rockbolting used in engineering practise are also presented. The traditional principle of selecting strong rockbolts is valid only in conditions of low in situ stresses in the rock mass. Energy-absorbing rockbolts are preferred in the case of high in situ stresses. A natural pressure arch is formed in the rock at a certain distance behind the tunnel wall. Rockbolts should be long enough to reach the natural pressure arch when the failure zone is small. The bolt length should be at least 1 m beyond the failure zone. In the case of a vast failure zone, tightly spaced short rockbolts are installed to establish an artificial pressure arch within the failure zone and long cables are anchored on the natural pressure arch. In this case, the rockbolts are usually less than 3 m long in mine drifts, but can be up to 7 m in large-scale rock caverns. Bolt spacing is more important than bolt length in the case of establishing an artificial pressure arch. In addition to the factor of safety, the maximum allowable displacement in the tunnel and the ultimate displacement capacity of rockbolts must be also taken into account in the design. Finally, rockbolts should be compatible with other support elements in the same support system in terms of displacement and energy absorption capacities.
Design study of a radio-frequency quadrupole for high-intensity beams

The Rare isotope Accelerator Of Newness(RAON) heavy-ion accelerator has been designed for the Rare Isotope Science Project(RISP) in Korea. The RAON will produce heavy-ion beams from 660-MeV-proton to200-MeV/u-uranium with continuous wave(CW) power of 400 k W to support research in various scientific fields.Its system consists of an ECR ion source, LEBTs with 10 ke V/u, CW RFQ accelerator with 81.25 MHz and 500 ke V/u, a MEBT system, and a SC linac. In detail, the driver linac system consists of a Quarter Wave Resonator(QWR) section with 81.25 MHz and a Half Wave Resonator(HWR) section with 162.5 MHz, Linac-1, and a Spoke Cavity section with 325 MHz, Linac-2. These linacs have been designed to optimize the beam parameters to meet the required design goals. At the same time, a light-heavy ion accelerator with high-intensity beam, such as proton,deuteron, and helium beams, is required for experiments. In this paper, we present the design study of the high intensity RFQ for a deuteron beam with energies from 30 ke V/u to 1.5 MeV/u and currents in the m A range. This system is composed of an Penning Ionization Gauge ion source, short LEBT with a RF deflector, and shared SC Linac. In order to increase acceleration efficiency in a short length with low cost, the 2nd harmonic of 162.5 MHz is applied as the operation frequency in the D~+ RFQ design. The D~+ RFQ is designed with 4.97 m, 1.52 bravery factor. Since it operates with 2nd harmonic frequency, the beam should be 50% of the duty factor while the cavity should be operated in CW mode, to protect the downstream linac system. We focus on avoiding emittance growth by the space-charge effect and optimizing the RFQ to achieve a high transmission and low emittance growth. Both the RFQ beam dynamics study and RFQ cavity design study for two and three dimensions will be discussed.
Z→l_i~±l_j~+ jprocesses in the BLMSSM

In a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model(SM) where baryon and lepton numbers are local gauge symmetries(BLMSSM), we investigate the charged lepton flavor violating(CLFV) processes Z→l_i~±l_j~+ after introducing new gauginos and right-handed neutrinos. In this model, the branching ratios of Z→l_i~±l_j~+ are around(10~(-8)–10~(-10)), which approach the present experimental upper bounds. We hope that the branching ratios for these CLFV processes can be detected in the near future.
Quasiparticle structure of superheavy nuclei in α-decay chains of ~(285)Fl and ~(291,293)Lv

Two mean-field potentials, Woods-Saxon and Skyrme based potentials, are used to calculate the energies of low-lying one-quasiparticle states. The spectra of the low-lying states and the α-decay spectra of nuclei belonging to the α-decay chains of ~(285)Fl and ~(291,293)Lv are calculated and compared with the available experimental data. Dependence of the splitting of the pseudospin doublets and of the energies of the unique parity neutron one-quasiparticle states on the mean field potential are discussed. As shown, the α-decay spectra could be different in the α-decay chain and at the direct production of the nucleus in a fusion reaction.
Magnetic moments and g-factors in odd-A Ho isotopes

The ground-state magnetic moment, g K factor and quenching spin gyromagnetic ratio have been calculated using the microscopic method based on the Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model(QPNM) for155-169 Ho nuclei for the first time. It is shown that the residual spin-spin interactions are responsible for the core polarization,and because of the core polarization the spin gyromagnetic factors are quenched. By considering the core polarization effects, a satisfactory agreement is obtained for the computed ground state g K factor, which gives an intrinsic contribution to the magnetic moments. In order to assess the collective contribution to the magnetic moments, the rotational gyromagnetic factors g R have been also calculated within the cranking approximation using the single particle wave function of the axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential. For the ground-state magnetic moments of odd-proton155-165 Ho nuclei, a good description of the experimental data is obtained with an accuracy of 0.01–0.1μN. From systematic trends, the quenching spin gyromagnetic factor, g K factor and magnetic moment have also been theoretically predicted for167,169 Ho where there is no existing experimental data.
Influence of interface states, conduction band offset, and front contact on the performance of a-SiC:H(n)/c-Si(p) heterojunction solar cells

P-type silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with a-SiC:H(n) emitters were studied by numerical computer simulation in this paper. The influence of interface states, conduction band offset, and front contact on the performance of a-SiC:H(n)/c-Si(p) SHJ solar cells was investigated systematically. It is shown that the open circuit voltage (V_(oc)) and fill factor (FF) are very sensitive to these parameters. In addition, by analyzing equilibrium energy band diagram and electric field distribution, the influence mechanisms that interface states, conduction band offset, and front contact impact on the carrier transport, interface recombination and cell performance were studied in detail. Finally, the optimum parameters for the a-SiC:H(n)/c-Si(p) SHJ solar cells were provided. By employing these optimum parameters, the efficiency of SHJ solar cell based on p-type c-Si was significantly improved.
Combined effect of light intensity and temperature on the magnetic resonance linewidth in alkali vapor cell with buffer gas

One of the peculiar phenomenons in non-zero magnetic resonance magnetometer is that, with the increase of the temperature, the magnetic resonance linewidth is narrowed at first instead of broadened due to the increasing collision rate. The magnetometer usually operates at the narrowest linewidth temperature to obtain the best sensitivity. Here, we explain this phenomenon quantitatively considering the nonlinear of the optical pumping in the cell and did experiments to verify this explanation. The magnetic resonance linewidth is measured using one amplitude-modulated pump laser and one continuous probe laser. The field is along the direction orthogonal to the plane of pump and probe beams. We change the temperature from 53 ℃ to 93 ℃ and the pumping light from 0.1 mW to 2 mW. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical calculations.
Improved photovoltaic effects in Mn-doped BiFeO_3 ferroelectric thin films through band gap engineering

As a low-bandgap ferroelectric material, BiFeO_3 has gained wide attention for the potential photovoltaic applications, since its photovoltaic effect in visible light range was reported in 2009. In the present work, Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition method, and the effects of Mn doping on the microstructure, optical, leakage, ferroelectric and photovoltaic characteristics of Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films are systematically investigated. The x-ray diffraction data indicate that Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films each have a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure. From the light absorption results, it follows that the band gap of Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films can be tuned by doping different amounts of Mn content. More importantly, photovoltaic measurement demonstrates that the short-circuit photocurrent density and the open-circuit voltage can both be remarkably improved through doping an appropriate amount of Mn content, leading to the fascinating fact that the maximum power output of ITO/BiFe_(0.7)Mn_(0.3)O_3/Nb-STO capacitor is about 175 times higher than that of ITO/BiFeO_3/Nb-STO capacitor. The improvement of photovoltaic response in Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin film can be reasonably explained as being due to absorbing more visible light through bandgap engineering and maintaining the ferroelectric property at the same time.
Transport properties in monolayer–bilayer–monolayer graphene planar junctions

The transport study of graphene based junctions has become one of the focuses in graphene research. There are two stacking configurations for monolayer–bilayer–monolayer graphene planar junctions. One is the two monolayer graphene contacting the same side of the bilayer graphene, and the other is the two-monolayer graphene contacting the different layers of the bilayer graphene. In this paper, according to the Landauer–Buttiker formula, we study the transport properties of these two configurations. The influences of the local gate potential in each part, the bias potential in bilayer graphene, the disorder and external magnetic field on conductance are obtained. We find the conductances of the two configurations can be manipulated by all of these effects. Especially, one can distinguish the two stacking configurations by introducing the bias potential into the bilayer graphene. The strong disorder and the external magnetic field will make the two stacking configurations indistinguishable in the transport experiment.
Comparison benchmark between tokamak simulation code and TokSys for Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor vertical displacement control design

Vertical displacement event (VDE) is a big challenge to the existing tokamak equipment and that being designed. As a Chinese next-step tokamak, the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) has to pay attention to the VDE study with full-fledged numerical codes during its conceptual design. The tokamak simulation code (TSC) is a free boundary time-dependent axisymmetric tokamak simulation code developed in PPPL, which advances the MHD equations describing the evolution of the plasma in a rectangular domain. The electromagnetic interactions between the surrounding conductor circuits and the plasma are solved self-consistently. The TokSys code is a generic modeling and simulation environment developed in GA. Its RZIP model treats the plasma as a fixed spatial distribution of currents which couple with the surrounding conductors through circuit equations. Both codes have been individually used for the VDE study on many tokamak devices, such as JT-60U, EAST, NSTX, DIII-D, and ITER. Considering the model differences, benchmark work is needed to answer whether they reproduce each other’s results correctly. In this paper, the TSC and TokSys codes are used for analyzing the CFETR vertical instability passive and active controls design simultaneously. It is shown that with the same inputs, the results from these two codes conform with each other.
Noninvasive treatment efficacy monitoring and dose control for high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy using relative electrical impedance variation

As an effective therapeutic modality, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can destroy tumour tissues by thermocoagulation with less metastasis, but it is still limited by inaccurate non-invasive temperature monitoring and efficacy evaluation. A model of electrical impedance measurement during HIFU therapy was established using the temperatureimpedance relationship. Based on the simulations of acoustic pressure, temperature, and electrical conductivity, the impedance of the phantom was calculated and experimentally demonstrated for different values of acoustic power values and treatment time. We proved that the relative impedance variation (RIV) increases linearly with the increasing treatment time at a fixed acoustic power, and the relative impedance variation rate shows a linear relationship with the acoustic power. The RIV and treatment time required for HIFU treatment efficacy are inversely proportional to the acoustic power and the square of acoustic power, respectively. The favourable results suggest that RIV can be used as an efficient indicator for noninvasive temperature monitoring and efficacy evaluation and may provide new strategy for accurate dose control of HIFU therapy.
双臂血压差异与血管相关疾病关系的研究进展

近年来,随着国外对双臂同时测量血压的重视,国内相关研究也逐渐发表,本文对双臂血压差异或臂间血压差异(inter-arm blood pressure difference,IAD)概念的提出、双臂血压测量的不同方法及其对IAD的影响、IAD在健康人群中的分布及其与多种疾病的相关性进行了综述,旨在梳理出双臂血压变化与人体健康状态的关系,探索双臂同时测量血压方式的应用价值。
Towards the development of cavitation technology for upgrading bitumen: Viscosity change and chemical cavitation yield measurements

Among the different methods used for reducing viscosity of bitumen, acoustic cavitation during sonication is well recognised. Several chemical methods were used to detect the production of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide during acoustic cavitation processes. However, quantification of cavitation yield in sonochemical systems is generally limited to low frequencies and has not been applied to bitumen processing. An empirical determination of the cavitation yield in midto high-frequency range (378, 574, 850, 992, and 1173 kHz) was carried out by measuring the amount of iodine liberated from the oxidation of potassium iodide (KI). Further, cavitation yield and the effects of different sonic operating conditions such as power input (16.67%– 83.33%) and solute concentration on cavitation yield were carried out in KI solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose– water mixture to obtain benchmark changes in rheology and chemistry using these two model fluids. The findings were then applied to bitumen upgrading through sonication. Through this study, it was found that the chemical cavitation yield peaked with a sonication frequency of 574 kHz. It was also found that cavitation yield and viscosity change were correlated directly in bitumen and a 38% lower bitumen viscosity could be obtained by acoustic cavitation.
Enhanced oil recovery by nonionic surfactants considering micellization, surface, and foaming properties

Surfactants for enhanced oil recovery are important to study due to their special characteristics like foam generation, lowering interfacial tension between oleic and aqueous phases, and wettability alteration of reservoir rock surfaces. Foam is a good mobility control agent in enhanced oil recovery for improving the mobility ratio. In the present work, the foaming behavior of three nonionic ethoxylated surfactants, namely Tergitol 15-S-7, Tergitol 15-S-9, and Tergitol 15-S-12, was studied experimentally. Among the surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-12 shows the highest foamability. The effect of NaCl concentration and synthetic seawater on foaming behavior of the surfactants was investigated by the test-tube shaking method. The critical micelle concentrations of aqueous solutions of the different nonionic surfactants were measured at 300 K. It was found that the critical micelle concentrations of all surfactants also increased with increasing ethylene oxide number. Dynamic light scattering experiments were performed to investigate the micelle sizes of the surfactants at their respective critical micelle concentrations. Core flooding experiments were carried out in sand packs using the surfactant solutions. It was found that 22% additional oil was recovered in the case of all the surfactants over secondary water flooding. Tergitol 15-S-12 exhibited the maximum additional oil recovery which is more than 26% after water injection.
The surface properties of aluminated meso–macroporous silica and its catalytic performance as hydrodesulfurization catalyst support

Aluminated mesoporous silica was prepared by multiple post-grafting of alumina onto uniform mesoporous SiO_2, which was assembled from monodisperse SiO_2 microspheres. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst was prepared by loading Ni and Mo active components onto the aluminated uniform mesoporous SiO_2, and its HDS catalytic performance was evaluated using hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene as the probe reaction at 300 ℃ and 6.0 MPa in a tubular reactor. The samples were characterized by N_2 physisorption, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH_3-TPD), ~(27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance (~(27)Al-NMR) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results showed that the Si–OH group content of SiO_2 was mainly dependent on the pretreatment conditions and had significant influence on the activity of the NiMo catalyst. The surface properties of the aluminated SiO_2 varied with the Al_2O_3-grafting cycles. Generally after four cycles of grafting, the aluminated SiO_2 behaved like amorphous alumina. In addition, plotting of activity of NiMo catalysts supported on aluminated meso– macroporous silica materials against the Al_2O_3-grafting cycle yields a volcano curve.
In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Fraction from Periploca forrestii Schltr

Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol fraction of Periploca forrestii Schltr. (EFPF) and to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying in vivo and in vitro models. Methods: The antiinflammatory effects of EFPF were evaluated using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema models in vivo. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to 0–800 μg/mL EFPF and the cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then cells were treated with different concentrations of EFPF (100–400 μg/mL) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The supernatant was analyzed for nitric oxide (NO) using the Griess reagent, and the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-10. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK were examined by Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, EFPF significantly reduced mouse ear edema and rat paw edema rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the LPS group, EFPF significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and increased the IL-10 production (P<0.05). EFPF also significantly inhibited LPS-induced protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2, suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB-α, decreased p65 level, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: EFPF exerted anti-inflammatory effect by reducing protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2 and the production of the inflammation factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, NO and PGE2, mainly through inhibition of LPS-mediated stimulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
天然金刚石的水射流引导激光切割及检测分析

金刚石工具行业的快速发展,需要对大量的天然金刚原石颗粒进行精密切割和细分,从而方便通过后续的研磨抛光来实现高精度的金刚石工具制备。相对于传统的手工劈切和激光切割方法,采用水射流引导激光(Laser Micro Jet,简称LMJ)切割方法对天然金刚石原石进行了精密、高效切割分离,并采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等检测手段对切割后的金刚石表面(110)晶面进行了物相成分和残余应力的检测分析,通过和激光切割后的样品结果对比获得了LMJ切割天然金刚石的有益效果。这对于完善金刚石原石的LMJ切割工艺具有重要意义。