mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Spatial Polarization of Villages in Tourist Destinations: A Case Study from Yesanpo,China

Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism. Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages (Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years. The results revealed a polarization trend, with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type'tourist town. This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism; there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages; and the function of the villages is deficient. Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages. To better utilize this opportunity, we propose that: (1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy; (2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and (3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.
Modelling Regional Land Change Scenarios to Assess Land Abandonment and Reforestation Dynamics in the Pyrenees (France)

Over the last decades and centuries, European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial transformations. Natural and anthropogenic LULC changes (land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastoral activities, have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain landscapes. For the past sixty years, natural reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultural production activities and rural population. Stakeholders, to better anticipate future changes, need spatially and temporally explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible abandonment. This paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a LULC changes simulation model to assess where LULC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains, based on historical LULC trends and a range of future socio-economic drivers. The proposed methodology considers local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys, sub-regional climate and topographical properties, and regional economic policies. Results indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regardless of the scenario conditions. Overall, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive (agricultural and/or pastoral) production and profitability. The combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment (e.g. colonization by shrublands) and reforestation are the most probable. This assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions.
Monitoring and Recognition of Debris Flow Infrasonic Signals

Low frequency infrasonic waves are emitted during the formation and movement of debris flows, which are detectable in a radius of several kilometers, thereby to serve as the precondition for their remote monitoring. However, false message often arises from the simple mechanics of alarms under the ambient noise interference. To improve the accuracy of infrasound monitoring for early-warning against debris flows, it is necessary to analyze the monitor information to identify in them the infrasonic signals characteristic of debris flows. Therefore, a large amount of debris flow infrasound and ambient noises have been collected from different sources for analysis to sum up their frequency spectra, sound pressures, waveforms, time duration and other correlated characteristics so as to specify the key characteristic parameters for different sound sources in completing the development of the recognition system of debris flow infrasonic signals for identifying their possible existence in the monitor signals. The recognition performance of the system has been verified by simulating tests and long-term in-situ monitoring of debris flows in Jiangjia Gully, Dongchuan, China to be of high accuracy and applicability. The recognition system can provide the local government and residents with accurate precautionary information about debris flows in preparation for disaster mitigation and minimizing the loss of life and property.
抗旱丰产广适冬小麦新品种—陇育5号

陇育5号是由陇东学院农林科技学院用西峰20号作母本,庆农4号作父本,进行有性杂交,用系谱法选育,并经多年、多点生态适应性、抗逆性鉴定、品质分析等育种程序选育而成的小麦新品种。2012年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定(甘审麦2012012)。2014年通过国家北部旱地冬小麦区域试验,2015年参加国家北部旱地冬小麦生产试验。
Some thoughts about the disaster medical rescue system in China

Natural disasters are happening more and more frequently in recent years. During the 20th century, especially in the last 30 years, millions of people have died or become disabled from earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanos erupting, tornadoes, mud sliding, floods and other disasters. China is a large country with a vast territory and complex geological structures. Since environment destruction has intensified in recent years, natural disasters have become increasingly frequent in China, which has caused tens of millions of casualties and more than 10 trillion yuan in economic losses. Earthquake is the most common type of natural disasters, with 1/3 of the total happening in China. Also, the number of people that have died from earthquakes in China accounts for half of the total number in the world. It is noteable to say that in recent years the number of large earthquakes has increased exponentially. During 2001-2008, there were about 1231 earthquakes with a magnitude over 6.0, including 115 times with a magnitude over 7.0 and 15 times over 8.0. This is 4 times higher than the average level of every other 10 year period in the 20th century. From 2008 to 2011, there were more than 7376 earthquakes each year, an obvious increase. Large earthquakes happened 119 times, and ? of the earthquakes were above the level of 7.0. So, it is of significant meaning to carry out medical rescues in response to disasters to reduce disasterrelated casualties and disabilities, to prevent secondary disasters and public health events derived from the disasters.
Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with combined thoracoabdominal injuries: Difference between penetrating and blunt injuries

Purpose: Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) needs early diagnosis and operation. However, the early diagnosis is usually difficult, especially in the patients without diaphragmatic hernia. The objective of this study was to explore the early diagnosis and treatment of TDR. Methods: Data of 256 patients with TDR treated in our department between 1994 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively regarding to the diagnostic methods, percentage of preoperative judgment, incidence of diaphragmatic hernia, surgical procedures and outcome, etc. Two groups were set up according to the mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating). Results: Of 256 patients with a mean age of 32.4 years (9-84), 218 were male. The average ISS was 26.9 (13-66); and shock rate was 62.9%. There were 104 blunt injuries and 152 penetrating injuries. Preoperatively diagnostic rate was 90.4% in blunt injuries and 80.3% in penetrating, respectively, P < 0.05. The incidence of diaphragmatic hernia was 94.2% in blunt and 15.1% in penetrating respectively, P < 0.005. Thoracotomy was performed in 62 cases, laparotomy in 153, thoracotomy plus laparotomy in 29, and combined thoraco-laparotomy in 12. Overall mortality rate was 12.5% with the average ISS of 41.8; and it was 21.2% in blunt injuries and 6.6% in penetrating, respectively, P < 0.005. The main causes of death were hemorrhage and sepsis. Conclusions: Diagnosis of blunt TDR can be easily obtained by radiograph or helical CT scan signs of diaphragmatic hernia. For penetrating TDR without hernia, “offside sign” is helpful as initial assessment. CT scan with coronal/sagittal reconstruction is an accurate technique for diagnosis. All TDR require operation. Penetrating injury has a relatively better prognosis.
宏基因组技术及其在奶牛乳房炎诊断中的应用

现代医学认为, 疾病的发生发展与菌群结构变化密切相关。Aebi等利用DNA印迹杂交(Southern-blot hybridization)技术证明特定牛群支原体乳腺炎暴发和奶源介导的支原体群落感染有关[5]。发展不依赖于培养(Culture-independent)而且能够准确跟踪疾病发生发展过程中全部菌群变化的宏基因组学(Metagenomics)鉴别技术对疾病的早期防控至关重要。宏基因组学为直接提取指定环境中微生物群落总基因组(宏基因组, Metagenome) DNA, 利用宏基因组学研究策略跟踪群落组成及丰度变化的新兴学科[6-10]。
Multifunctional MgF_2/Polydopamine Coating on Mg Alloy for Vascular Stent Application

Mg alloy is of great potential in the application of vascular stent due to its degradation in physical environment and proper mechanical property. However its mechanical integrity does not meet the clinical requirement due to relatively fast degradation. Besides, in order to accelerate the reendothelialization of Mg-based stents, it needs surface modification to improve the attachment, growth and adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs). To solve the main obstacles, an anti-corrosion and quick endothelialization coating was prepared on novel Mg-Zn-Y?Nd alloy via a simple two-step immersion method in the present study, first in hydrofluoric acid (HF) then in dopamine triseHydrochloric acid (tris -HCl) solution. The coating was uniform and thin, which consisted of two layers-the upper was polydopamine(PDA) layer and the lower was MgF_2 layer. The alloy with the coating demonstrated dramatic corrosion resistance enhancement in vitro by immersion test and electrochemical test. Moreover the HFPDA- treated Mg alloy exhibited great performance of cell adhesion and proliferation. The coating created a favorable environment for ECs to have a competitive advantage over vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs), which was preferable for re-endothelialization. The results suggest that HF-PDA-treated Mg eZneY?Nd alloy has great potential in the application of vascular stent and the surface coating method is of great application value in biodegradable Mg alloy stent due to its simplicity and effectiveness.
对降低油厂生产成本管理问题的探讨

生产成本管理是一个企业的长期工作。在生产的各个环节上, 从安全生产、产品质量安全方面设计一些关键控制点。在生产操作上, 稳定生产, 寻找节能点, 加强品质控制, 设备科学化保养和维修。在产品质量上, 对分级豆粕重点在豆粕水分、蛋白质含量、残油和综合得率, 对包装食用油重在质量预警。同时, 控制消耗性指标水、电、汽、溶剂和降低故障率。
绝经期激素规范治疗-绝经激素治疗的适应证

绝经激素治疗(menopausal hormone therapy,MHT)是缓解绝经相关症状、泌尿生殖道萎缩症状、低骨量和骨质疏松等最有效治疗方法,在临床诊疗过程中,只有符合适应证,且无禁忌证的围绝经期和绝经后妇女才能采用MHT。
养血活血、益气生肌中药治疗流产术后月经量少的疗效观察

人工流产术、难免流产清宫术后月经量少为妇科常见疾病。流产清宫术后由于过度搔刮,造成子宫基底层内膜损伤,影响功能层内膜生长,可引起子宫腔粘连,影响日后妊娠及妊娠预后。笔者采用养血活血、益气生肌中药治疗流产术后月经量少并观察其临床疗效,现将结果报道如下。
穴位按摩联合吐纳法干预对妇科腹腔镜术后不良反应的影响

妇科疾病的腹腔镜治疗是近年来微创手术的新进展,因创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快及住院时间明显缩短等优点,日益受到重视,并逐渐得到广泛应用。但手术后的恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV)是麻醉和妇科手术后最常见的并发症。此外,患者术后会出现由于手术引起的切口疼痛、 CO_2刺激引起的肩痛、腹胀等不良反应。因此如何预防和及时处理腹腔镜手术术后不良反应,提升诊疗过程的舒适度,促进患者术后尽快恢复是临床工作的重点之一。本研究将穴位按摩联合吐纳法用于干预腹腔镜术后不良反应,取得较好效果,现将结果报道如下。
手术治疗双侧跟腱结节性黄色瘤二例

黄色瘤是含载脂组织细胞的局灶性反应性增生,常伴发于家族性高脂血症,好发于跟腱、肘关节等肌腱部位及皮肤、皮下,病因和病理机制尚未明确。MRI检查T1WI和T2WI均显示混杂高信号。
维吾尔族妇女子宫颈癌组织中IFITM1、Ki-67和PCNA的表达

目的探讨维吾尔族妇女子宫颈癌组织中IFITM1、PCNA和Ki-67蛋白的表达。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测IFITM1、PCNA和Ki-67蛋白在维吾尔族妇女子宫颈癌和慢性子宫颈炎组织中的表达。结果IFITM1蛋白在子宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达低于慢性子宫颈炎组织,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);子宫颈癌组织中Ki-67和PCNA蛋白表达高于慢性子宫颈炎组织,差异有统计学意义(P = 0. 019,P = 0.000)。结论IFITM1蛋白在子宫颈癌组织中的表达降低,Ki-67和PCNA蛋白在子宫颈癌组织中的表达水平增高, 可能与维吾尔族妇女子宫颈癌的发生有关。
火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡锌合金丝中的镉

锡锌合金丝属于软钎焊料,是金属化薄膜电容器端面喷金的一类电子焊接材料。电子设备热喷涂用锌和锌合金丝标准规范ASTM B943-2009要求镉的质量分数不大于0.005%。对于纯锡和锡基合金中镉的标准分析方法有邻菲啰啉光度法和火焰原子吸收光谱法,对于纯锌和锌基合金中镉的标准分析方法有火焰原子吸收光谱法。锡锌合金中镉的原子吸收光谱法国内鲜见报道。
应用北斗高精度位移监测技术打造在线变形监测预警平台--HTSG变形监测解决方案助力云南高原山区公路、桥梁远程无人值守实时监测与预警系统建设

云南省公路网里程近30 000 km,其中中桥以上桥梁2000座,危险性较大路段3400余处。对这些重要路段和构造物进行监测监控是非常必要的。
测绘强国指标体系研究

到2030年成为测绘强国是测绘地理信息行业今后一段时间的战略目标。本文在分析世界测绘地理信息强国的发展历程和表现特征的基础上,首次提出了国家层面的测绘地理信息综合实力评价指标体系,并结合专家法和层次分析法对各指标的权重进行了确定,凝练了衡量测绘强国的6大核心指标。使用该指标体系对2010年和2013年世界主要国家测绘地理信息实力进行了计算和排序,为我国测绘地理信息发展总体战略的科学规划提供参考。
地理信息系统专业实验课程的优化设计

分析了目前地理信息系统(GIS)专业实验课程的特点及存在问题,并在充分考虑实验课程的关系、内容衔接及课程发展等问题的基础上,根据GIS人才培养需求及专业发展特点,对本专业实验课程体系进行了优化设计,并对相应实验课程内容进行了调整。以武汉大学GIS专业的实验课程为例,研究了实验课程的优化设计方案。该研究成果被应用到2013 GIS专业培养方案设计工作中。
省域测量标志动态监管信息系统研究--以山东省为例

测量标志是控制点成果的物质载体,信息化监管是加强测量标志管护的重要手段。本文采用SOA架构、Web Services、GIS及移动终端采集等技术,设计了省域测量标志动态监管信息系统,实现了测量标志信息的分布式集中统一管理,以及省、市、县、所(分局)4级用户的信息互连互通,满足了测量标志分级分类管理原则和业务需求,提高了测量标志管理的工作效率。
陆海地理信息数据融合关键技术研究

21世纪世界进入海洋世纪,海洋与陆地之间的联系更加密切,实现陆海一体化成为必然。陆海地理信息数据产生差异的根本原因是测绘部门职能的设置及部门间信息沟通的缺乏。本文总结了国内外陆海测绘部门的主要职能及其数据采集和处理的基准、投影,确定了陆海数据不统一的具体表现;针对这些表现,归纳了陆海地理信息融合实现的关键技术:语义特征融合和空间特征融合。
Instantaneous Attributes Analysis of Seismic Signals Using Improved HHT

As the key technique of improved Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) has a good performance of eliminating mode mixing phenomenon, which has a strong impact on the observation of seismic information. However, the intrinsic mode functions (IMF) obtained from EEMD contain noises, so that it is required to find a more robust frequency estimation method to calculate the instantaneous frequency (IF) of IMF. For this reason, the improved HHT algorithm based on the damped instantaneous frequency (DIF) is proposed to overcome the shortage of EEMD. Compared with other IF estimation methods, the DIF has strong antinoise ability and high estimation accuracy. The test results of synthetic and real seismic data show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for extracting seismic instantaneous attributes.
Asynchronous H_∞ Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Switched Polytopic System Approach

This study is concerned with the H_∞ control for the full-envelope unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of missing measurements and external disturbances. With the dramatic parameter variations in large flight envelope and the locally overlapped switching laws in flight, the system dynamics is modeled as a locally overlapped switched polytopic system to reduce designing conservatism and solving complexity. Then, considering updating lags of controller's switching signals and the weighted coefficients of the polytopic subsystems induced by missing measurements, an asynchronous H_∞ control method is proposed such that the system is stable and a desired disturbance attenuation level is satisfied. Furthermore, the sufficient existing conditions of the desired switched parameter-dependent H_∞controller are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMIs) by combining the switched parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method and average dwell time method. Finally,a numerical example based on a highly maneuverable technology (HiMAT) vehicle is given to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Modeling and Robust Backstepping Sliding Mode Control with Adaptive RBFNN for a Novel Coaxial Eight-rotor UAV

This paper focuses on the robust attitude control of a novel coaxial eight-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) which has higher drive capability as well as greater robustness against disturbances than quad-rotor UAV. The dynamical and kinematical model for the coaxial eight-rotor UAV is developed, which has never been proposed before. A robust backstepping sliding mode controller (BSMC) with adaptive radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed to control the attitude of the eightrotor UAV in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. The combinative method of backstepping control and sliding mode control has improved robustness and simplified design procedure benefiting from the advantages of both controllers. The adaptive RBFNN as the uncertainty observer can effectively estimate the lumped uncertainties without the knowledge of their bounds for the eight-rotor UAV. Additionally, the adaptive learning algorithm, which can learn the parameters of RBFNN online and compensate the approximation error, is derived using Lyapunov stability theorem. And then the uniformly ultimate stability of the eight-rotor system is proved. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed robust control method adopted in the novel coaxial eight-rotor UAV in the case of model uncertainties and external disturbances.
Two new Coelotes species from China (Araneae: Agelenidae: Coelotinae)

Two new Coelotes spider species are reported from the Tiantangzhai National Forest Park at the juncture of Hubei and Anhui Provinces in China: Coelotes obtusangulus sp. nov. and C. tiantangensis sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these species are presented in this paper.
Up-regulation of iNOS by hypoxic postconditioning inhibits H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation

Apoptosis is a crucial mode of cell death induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and ischemic postconditioning (PostC) has been reported to inhibit cell apoptosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been confirmed to play an important role in triggering and mediating the late cardio-protection against ischemia/hypoxia. In this study, we found that hypoxic PostC remarkably up-regulated the expression of iNOS and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Pre-treatment with 1400w (a highly selective inhibitor of iNOS) or iNOS siRNA weakened the anti-apoptotic effect of hypoxic PostC. These findings suggested that iNOS may be one of the key molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis by hypoxic PostC.
Angiotensin II induces an increase in MMP-2 expression in idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysm via AT1 receptor and JNK pathway

The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for human idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysm (IAAA) remain unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a key enzyme for the degradation of extracellular matrix in aneurysmal walls. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the angiotensin II (Ang II) pathway in MMP-2 induction in IAAA aortic walls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to compare the MMP-2 mRNA and protein levels in ascending aortic specimens with those in IAAA patients (n= 10) and heart transplant donors (n = 5) without any aortopathy. It was found that MMP-2 expression was significantly increased, which was associated with elastic lamellae disruption in IAAA walls. Additionally, the expression levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) and Ang II in the ascending aortic tissues from individuals with and without IAAAs were detected by western blot analysis and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The results demonstrated that the expressions of AGT and Ang II protein were significantly increased in the ascending aortic tissues of IAAA patients. Furthermore, whether Ang II induces MMP-2 expression was investigated using human IAAA walls ex vivo culture. It was found that exogenous Ang II increased the MMP-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, which was completely inhibited by the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) inhibitor candesartan and was mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Taken together, these results indicate that Ang II can induce an increase of MMP-2 expression via AT1R and JNK in ex vivo cultured IAAA aortic walls, and suggest that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs and JNK inhibitors have the potential in the prevention or treatment of IAAAs.
记忆性CD4~+ T细胞的形成及其影响因素

疫苗设计的关键在于产生足够数量和质量的抗原特异的记忆性淋巴细胞,使得机体获得长期保护以抵御病原体的再次感染。CD4~+ T细胞能够分化为多种辅助性T细胞和调节性T细胞,在适应性免疫反应中发挥重要作用,不仅参与体液免疫而且参与细胞免疫的调节。那么哪些效应性CD4~+ T细胞能够转化为记忆性细胞,哪些因素影响该过程成为疫苗研发者所关注的重点,对疫苗株的筛选、免疫程序设计和佐剂的使用等均具有指导性作用。本文主要综述了近几年关于记忆性CD4~+ T细胞形成的细胞学基础及其影响因素的研究进展,为疫苗研发和效果评价提供参考。
ISG20在病毒性肝炎中作用的研究进展

病毒性肝炎具有传染性较强,传播途径复杂,流行面广泛,发病率高等特点,肝炎病毒的慢性感染已成为严重的公共卫生问题。相对分子质量(M_r)20 000的干扰素刺激基因产物(ISG20)是由1型、2型干扰素诱导产生的一种具有3’-5’核酸外切酶活性的蛋白,已证实其有抑制病毒复制的功能。ISG20作为干扰素信号通路下游的重要效应分子,在病毒性肝炎患者对抗病毒感染过程中发挥重要作用,且对慢性病毒性肝炎患者接受干扰素抗病毒治疗疗效有较高的预测价值;其抗病毒作用机制多认为与核酸外切酶活性相关,现就ISG20在病毒性肝炎中作用及相关机制的研究进展进行综述。
miR-1284过表达增加胃癌耐药细胞的药物敏感性及机制

胃癌细胞的多药耐药性常常是导致化疗失败的主要原因。小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)为调节基因转录的重要因子,miR-15b和miR-16在胃癌多药耐药SGC-7901/VCR细胞中低表达,通过上调miR-15b和miR-16,可靶向抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,进而部分逆转细胞的多药耐药表型。Chen等使用miRNA芯片检测结果表明,miR-1284在胃癌淋巴结转移阳性组织比原发性胃癌组织表达少,但miR-1284在胃癌细胞中的功能尚不清楚。本研究通过构建目的miR-1284慢病毒,观察miR-1284过表达后对人胃癌耐药SGC-7901/VCR细胞耐药性的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。
腺苷受体信号通路和免疫细胞上腺苷受体的调节

自从腺苷及其衍生物应用于临床后,腺苷通路一直是药物研究的重要靶点,腺苷可以通过4种G蛋白偶联的腺苷受体(AR)启动其调节功能。在炎症环境中,表达这些AR的免疫细胞,能够受到腺苷的调节。腺苷在炎症和免疫系统领域的应用,让人们更加重视以AR为基础的治疗。本文综述了腺苷的代谢、AR信号通路和各种免疫细胞上AR的调节功能,期望在感染、自身免疫、缺血和退行性疾病中,腺苷及其衍生物能够发挥治疗作用。
2015年欧洲肝病学会与拉丁美洲肝病学会无创检查评估肝脏疾病严重程度及预后临床指南要点

在慢性肝病中,纤维化程度与发生肝硬化及肝脏相关并发症的危险性密切相关。肝穿刺活组织学检查一直被当作评估组织损伤如慢性肝病患者的纤维化程度的参考标准。但肝活组织学检查仅代表了整个肝脏中的很小一部分,因纤维化分布不均匀,肝活组织学检查或许并不能准确反映整个肝脏的纤维化程度;病理学家之间对结果的判读不一致;作为一项有创操作,肝穿刺致命性并发症虽少见但仍有可能发生。为克服以上局限性,近年肝纤维化无创诊断评估得到了快速发展。有鉴于此,2015年欧洲肝病学会和拉丁美洲肝病学会(EASL-ALEH)联合制订并在Journal ofHepatology在线发布了无创检查评估肝脏疾病严重程度及预后临床指南。该指南总结比较了常用无创诊断技术的优缺点(表1),根据推荐意见分析、制订和评估分级(GRADE)系统形成了推荐意见,形成了如下推荐意见和乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎肝纤维化诊断流程图(图1,2)。现将其要点介绍如下。
化瘀解毒法在恶性肿瘤治疗中的运用

中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤在改善患者生存质量,减轻放化疗的副作用.延长病人牛存期方面有较好的功效。目前中西医结合抗肿瘤复发转移是研究的热点,其中运用化瘀解毒法治疗各种恶性肿瘤越来越引起广泛的重视。
2000 ~2011年老年学研究热点评析——基于“中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库”中文核心期刊论文统计分析

中国学术期刊网络出版总库收录中文学术期刊7 900多种,中文核心期刊收录率96%。信息出处正规,版权明确,内容可靠,可以作为学术研究的依据。检索期刊来源类别为中文核心期刊,检索字段为“主题=老年OR主题=老龄”,检索时间为2000年1月1日至2011年12月31日。依据检索条件共检索到论文20 119篇,剔除无效内容后,筛选出有效论文19826篇。
不同养老模式下老年人自我护理能力与生活质量的相关性

目的了解不同养老模式下老年人的自我护理能力和生活质量的相关性。方法采用自我护理能力测定表和生活质量综合评定问卷对盐城市家庭养老、机构养老和社区居家养老的老年人自我护理能力和生活质量进行调查分析。结果不同养老模式下老年人的自我护理能力和生活质量具有差异性(P<0.01),不同养老模式的自我护理能力和生活质量呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论不同养老模式下老年人自我护理能力与生活质量关系密切,需针对性地进行自我护理干预提高自我护理能力,促进其生活质量的改善。
慢性乙型肝炎白介素18及其结合蛋白与乙型肝炎病毒DNA载量的相关性

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎白介素(IL)-18及其结合蛋白与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA载量的相关性。方法将慢性乙型肝炎患者160例根据HBV-DNA载量不同分为高载量组和低载量组,检测两组患者的IL-18及其结合蛋白含量、肝纤维化指标以及免疫功能指标。结果①高载量组患者血清中IL-18含量高于低载量组,IL-18BP含量低于低载量组;②肝纤维化指标:高载量组患者的透明质酸酶(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)、Ⅲ型前胶原(P Ⅲ NP)水平均高于低载量组;③高载量组患者的CD4~+T细胞、CD16/65+自然杀伤细胞(NK)含量低于低载量组,CD8~+ T细胞的含量高于低载量组;④IL-18含量与HA、LN、IVC、P Ⅲ NP水平以及CD8+T细胞含量呈正相关(β = 2.245 ~ 2. 654,R=0. 458 ~0. 782,t = 6. 182 ~ 8.654,P<0.05) CD4~+T细胞、CD16/65~+NK细胞含量呈负相关(β =-2.753,-2.648,R =-0.478,-0.532,t = 7.032,7.294,P<0.05)。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中IL-18含量增高,IL-18BP含量降低,且二者与HBV DNA载量、肝纤维化程度、免疫功能具有良好的相关性。
AM251对糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠ICAM-1及VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨大麻素1受体拮抗剂AM251对糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠视网膜细胞间黏附因子(ICAM)-1和视网膜血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组,正常对照组又分为正常生理盐水对照组(NC组)、正常AM251干预组(NC-C组),糖尿病模型组又分为糖尿病视网膜病变组(DR组)、AM251干预组(DR-C组)。糖尿病模型组予腹腔注射链脲佐菌素55 mg/kg复制糖尿病视网膜病变模型.AM251干预组给予AM 251 0. 5 mg/kg腹腔注射,1次/d,连续12 w,其余两组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射。每周监测血糖、体质量,AM251干预12 w后通过直接及间接眼底镜观察眼底;水合氯醛麻醉下取眼,心脏取血,免疫组织化学法检测视网膜VEGF的变化、Westem印迹法分别检测ICAM-1、VEGF的变化,ELISA法测视网膜组织ICAM-1、VEGF的变化及血清中sICAM-1的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组VEGF、ICAM-1水平明显升高(P<0. 05),经AM251干预后,DR-C组VEGF、ICAM-1较DR组降低(P<0. 05),较正常组仍升高(P<0. 05)。结论 AM251可减少糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠视网膜ICAM-1、VEGF的表达,改善视网膜的超微结构,这可能是对糖尿病视网膜病变的保护机制之一。
紫茎泽兰提取物对小鼠免疫毒性的研究

目的观察紫茎泽兰提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法小鼠分别以75、150和300 mg/kg的剂量连续7 d经口给予紫茎泽兰提取物,7 d后无菌取其胸腺和脾脏并称重,观察紫茎泽兰提取物对胸腺及脾脏指数的影响,并取胸腺和部分脾脏甲醛固定,光学显微镜下观察胸腺及脾脏组织病理学变化。将剩余部分脾脏制成脾细胞悬液,采用流式细胞术测定脾细胞凋亡率,MTT法检测脾细胞增值活性,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)法测定NK细胞活性。结果紫茎泽兰提取物各组与对照组相比胸腺指数明显降低(P<0.05),胸腺及脾脏组织均有明显的病理学改变。脾细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),脾细胞增值活性明显降低(P<0.05),紫茎泽兰提取物300 mg/kg组,效-靶细胞为50:1及25:1浓度组NK细胞活性明显降低(P<0.05)。结论紫茎泽兰提取物对小鼠免疫功能有一定程度的抑制作用。
关于科学基金文档一体化系统建设的思考

科学基金公文是基金委在履行法定职责和开展日常业务工作的过程中经过一定处理程序所形成的、具有特定体制的公务文书,包括行政管理文件、基金计划文件、项目管理文件、政策文件、财务管理文件、国际交流文件、人事管理文件、纪检审计文件、项目管理文件等。纸质文件和电子文件等都是科学基金公文的有效载体,科学基金公文在一定时期内采用纸质和电子文件并行的“双轨制”管理方式。而随着基金委信息化建设不断完善,科学基金纸质公文越来越离不开其电子“身份”。因此本文讨论的公文主要指电子公文。