mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Testing of Magnetic Tracers for Soil Erosion Measurement

Soil erosion,which includes soil detachment,transport,and deposition,is one of the important dynamic land surface processes.The magnetic tracer method is a useful method for studying soil erosion processes.In this study,five types of magnetic tracers were made with fine soil,fly ash,cement,bentonite,and magnetic powder (reduced iron powder)using the method of disk granulation.The tracers were uniformly mixed with soil and tested in the laboratory using simulated rainfall and inflow experiments to simulate the interrill and rill components of soil erosion,in order to select one or more tracers which could be used to study detachment and deposition by the erosive forces of raindrops and surface flow of water on a slope.The results showed that the five types of magnetic tracers with high magnetic susceptibility and a wide range of sizes had a range of 0.99-1.29 g cm~(-3)in bulk density.In the interrill and rill experiments,the tracers FC1 and FC2 which consisted of fly ash and cement at ratios of 1:1 and 2:1,respectively,were transported in phase with soil particles since the magnetic susceptibility of sediment approximated that of the soil which was uneroded and the slopes of the regression equations between the detachment of sediment and magnetic tracers FC1 and FC2 were very close to the expected value of 20,which was the original soil/tracer ratio.The detachment and deposition on slopes could be accurately reflected by the magnetic susceptibility differences.The change in magnetic susceptibility depended on whether deposition or detachment occurred.However,the tracer FS which consisted of fine soil and the tracers FB1 and FB2 which consisted of fly ash and bentonite at ratios of 1:1 and 2:1,respectively,were all unsuitable for soil erosion study since there was no consistent relationship between sediment and tracer detachment for increasing amounts of runoff.Therefore,the tracers FC1 and FC2 could be used to study soil erosion by water.
Spatial Prediction of Soil Aggregate Stability and Aggregate-Associated Organic Carbon Content at the Catchment Scale Using Geostatistical Techniques

The association of organic carbon with secondary particles (aggregates)results in its storage and retention in soil.A study was carried out at a catchment covering about 92 km2 to predict spatial variability of soil water-stable aggregates (WSA),mean weight diameter (MWD)of aggregates and organic carbon (OC)content in macro- (> 2 mm),meso- (1-2 mm),and micro-aggregate (< 1 mm)fractions,using geostatistical methods.One hundred and eleven soil samples were collected at the 0-10 cm depth and fractionated into macro-,meso-,and micro-aggregates by wet sieving.The OC content was determined for each fraction.A greater percentage of water-stable aggregates was found for micro-aggregates,followed by meso-aggregates.Aggregate OC content was greatest in meso-aggregates (9 g kg~(-1)),followed by micro-aggregates (7 g kg~(-1)),while the least OC content was found in macro-aggregates (3 g kg~(-1)).Although a significant effect (P = 0.000)of aggregate size on aggregate OC content was found,however,our findings did not support the model of aggregate hierarchy.Land use had a significant effect (P = 0.073)on aggregate OC content.The coefficients of variation (CVs)for OC contents associated with each aggregate fraction indicated macro-aggregates as the most variable (CV = 71%).Among the aggregate fractions,the micro-aggregate fraction had a lower CV value of 27%.The mean content of WSA ranged from 15% for macro-aggregates to 84% for micro-aggregates.Geostatistical analysis showed that the measured soil variables exhibited differences in their spatial patterns in both magnitude and space at each aggregate size fraction.The relative nugget variance for most aggregate-associated properties was lower than 45%.The range value for the variogram of water-stable aggregates was almost similar (about 3 km)for the three studied aggregate size classes.The range value for the variogram of aggregate-associated OC contents ranged from about 3 km for macro-aggregates to about 6.5 km for meso-aggregates.Kriged maps of predicted WSA,OC and MWD for the three studied aggregate size fractions showed clear spatial patterns.However,a close spatial similarity (co-regionalization)was observed between WSA and MWD.
桂林地区马铃薯良种的繁育条件、存在问题及发展对策

马铃薯是粮菜兼用的高产作物，近年来，由于广西各级党委、政府的高度重视，加上广西秋冬种植马铃薯的区域、气候等条件优越，马铃薯增产增收效果明显，广西秋冬种马铃薯面积逐年扩大，至2010年已达 14．67万hm~2。但由于广西秋冬种马铃薯用种大多从北方调种，不仅种薯成本高，而且数量和质量也不能保证，已严重影响秋冬种马铃薯的发展。为了解决这一问题，从2006年起，在广西壮族自治区农业厅的支持下，桂林在马铃薯良种繁育方面做了大量的试验研究，并对桂林马铃薯良种的繁育条件、存在问题及发展对策作了初步分析。
引进甘薯新品种的鉴定筛选

甘薯是贵州省重要的旱地作物之一，在我省农业中具有重要的作用与地位。本文以引进国内外主要甘薯品种为材料，通过田间试验对这些引进品种进行鉴定，以期筛选出不同类型的甘薯品种，为贵州甘薯生产提供优良品种。
几种酚酸对大豆种子萌发的化感效应

在恒温培养下研究了几种酚酸对大豆种子的化感效应。结果表明:苯甲酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、两种不同混合酚酸及3种混合酚酸处理均不同程度的抑制了大豆种子的萌发，表现在大豆种子萌发率减少，胚根长和胚根干重均不同程度的降低，与对照相比，差异达显著或极显著水平，肉桂酸最强，苯甲酸次之，香草酸最弱，随着培养时间的增加，各种酚酸的抑制作用逐渐缓解，低浓度较高浓度缓解快。3种不同酚酸在混合处理中表现出和单一作用时相似的规律，苯甲酸和肉桂酸协同抑制作用较香草酸强。
绿豆品种豆芽产量形成的初步研究

模拟工厂化豆芽生产工艺，以国内9份绿豆品种资源为试材，对绿豆芽的产量性状和产量增量进行分析。结果表明:MB-03和MB-06豆芽产出量达到10g/g左右，极显著地高于ck及其它品种。MB-03和MB-06在前42 h长势一般，但42 h后长势明显加快。不同品种绿豆豆芽性状指标均存在显著差异；豆芽生长过程基本遵循“快-慢-快”的规律，在30 h和102 h左右出现2个生长高峰期，高豆芽产出量品种前期长势一般，但后期长势明显强于其它品种。
Tyrosinase-modified carbon felt-based flow-biosensors:The role of ultra-sonication in shortening the enzyme immobilization time and improving the sensitivity forp-chlorophenol

Tyrosinase (TYR)was covalently immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt surface via glutaraldehyde-coupling under ultrasonic treatment for 10 min.The resulting TYR-immobilized carbon felt was used as a working electrode unit of bioelectrocatalytic flow-through detector for TYR substrates (catechol,p-chlorophenol (p-CP),p-cresol,phenol etc.).Cathodic peak currents based on the electroreduction of enzymatically produced o-quinones were detected at-50 mV vs.Ag/AgCl.Compared with previous work in which TYR was immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt for 16 hr without the ultrasonic treatment,we succeeded in (1)shortening the enzyme immobilization time from 16 hr to 10 min,(2)enhancing the sensitivity of p-CP,and (3)improving the operational stability of p-CP.The ultrasonic treatment during the TYR immobilization step would lead to certain changes in the structure of the immobilized TYR and the morphology of the immobilized TYR-layer on the carbon felt surface.
Mineralization of aqueous pentachlorophenolate by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

Exhaustive mineralization of pentachlorophenolate ion (PCP)in phosphate buffer was carried out using anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE),in which plasma was sustained between the electrolyte and anode.During CGDE,PCP degraded smoothly.The amount of total organic carbon decreased significantly,indicating the eventual conversion of the carbon atoms of benzene nucleus to inorganic carbons.Furthermore,chlorine atoms in PCP were liberated as chloride ions.As a primary intermediate product,2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone was detected,and oxalate and formate as byproducts were also found.It was revealed that disappearance of PCP obeyed first-order kinetics.The reaction rate was generally unaffected by both 02 and inert gases in the cell,although it decreased by raising initial pH of solution.In addition,a plausible reaction pathway involving hydroxyl radical was proposed.
Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms

The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb)and bacterial (E.coli,coliform and Salmonella spp.)contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand.Results showed that average levels of E.coli,coliform,BOD,COD,Zn,Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the standard limits.Moreover,the levels of E.coli,coliform,Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure.The levels of E.coli,coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms.Following isolation of Salmonella spp.,it was found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65),followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65),and Kedougou 9.23% (6/65).The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var.java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at 4.62% (3/65)in samples from all swine farms.This study revealed that significant reduction in E.coli and coliform levels in sludge from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms.The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb,in significant amount in dry manure,suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes.Thus,careful waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety of humans,other animals and the environment.
N_2O and NH_3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal.However,nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N_2O and NH_3,leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere.In the present study,the emissions of N_2O and NH_3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration.The results showed that the largest N_2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column)was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns.N_2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate.NH_3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate,and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.
Effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters on regulated emissions and number-size distribution of particles emitted from a diesel engine

The effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter(CRDPF)systems on regulated gaseous emissions,and number-size distribution and mass of particles emanated from a diesel engine have been investigated in this study.Two CRDPF units(CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2)with different specifications were separately retrofitted to the engine running with European steady-state cycle(ESC).An electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI)was used for particle number-size distribution measurement and mass estimation.The conversion/reduction rate(R_(CR))of hydrocarbons(HC)and carbon monoxide(CO)across CRDPF-1 was 83%and 96.3%,respectively.Similarly,the R_(CR)of HC and CO and across CRDPF-2 was 91.8%and 99.1%,respectively.The number concentration of particles and their concentration peaks;nuclei mode,accumulation mode and total particles;and particle mass were highly reduced with the CRDPF units.The nuclei mode particles at downstream of CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2 decreased by 99.9%to 100%and 97.8%to 99.8% respectively;and the particle mass reduced by 73%to 92.2%and 35.3%to 72.4%,respectively,depending on the engine conditions.In addition,nuclei mode particles increased with the increasing of engine speed due to the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the higher exhaust temperature,while accumulation mode particles were higher at higher loads due to the decrease in the air-to-fuel ratio (A/F)at higher loads.
Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane.Specially,community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied.The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97×10~3-632.91×10~3 cells/g(in dry basis)in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill.Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium(NMS).The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter,Methylocaldum,and Methylocystis,and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis.Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93%conversions were obtained.
Hormetic response of cholinesterase from Daphnia magna in chronic exposure to triazophos and chlorpyrifos

In vivo activity of cholinesterase(ChE)in Daphnia magna was measured at different time points during 21-day exposure to triazophos and chlorpyrifos ranging from 0.05 to 2.50μg/L and 0.01 to 2.00μg/L,respectively.For exposure to triazophos,ChE was induced up to 176.5%at 1.5μg/L and day 10 when measured by acetylthiocholine(ATCh),whereas it was induced up to 174.2%at 0.5μg/L and day 10 when measured by butyrylthiocholine(BTCh).For exposure to chlorpyrifos,ChE was induced up to 134.0%and 160.5% when measured by ATCh and BTCh,respectively,with both maximal inductions detected at 0.1μg/L and day 8.Obvious induction in terms of ChE activity was also detected in daphnia removed from exposures 24 hr after their birth and kept in a recovery culture for 21 days.Results indicated that the enzyme displayed symptoms of hormesis,a characteristic featured by conversion from low-dose stimulation to high-dose inhibition.In spite of that,no promotion in terms of reproduction rate and body size was detected at any tested concentrations regardless of whether the daphnia were collected at end of the 21-day exposure or at end of a 21-day recovery culture.This suggested that induction of ChE caused by anticholinesterases had nothing to do with the prosperity of the daphnia population.
Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicum)

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicum).Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10μmol/L CdCl_2 associated to different concentrations of ZnCl_2(10,50,100,and 150μmol/L).Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration.Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)level and chlorophyll breakdown.Furthermore,compared with control,Cdtreated plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),whereas,catalase(CAT,EC 1.111.1.6),ascorbate peroxidase(APX,EC 1.11.1.11),and glutathione reductase(GR,EC 1.6.4.2)activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition.Zn supplementation,at low level,restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes(SOD,CAT,APX and GR)as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants.The beneficial effect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content.However,when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress,which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments.These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)to O_3

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O_3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv Guangzhouyuan)were investigated.Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O_3 concentrations (20 (CF),80 (CFO1)and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days).Results showed that elevated 03 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization,but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles,suggesting that O_3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure.Elevated O_3 significantly decreased yield,dry mass and nutrient contents (N,P,K,Ca and Mg)in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants.However,significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O_3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants.Additionally,AMF increased the concentrations of N,P,Ca,and Mg in shoot and root.It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O_3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.
Performance tests of newly developed adsorption/plasma combined system for decomposition of volatile organic compounds under continuous flow condition

The adsorption/plasma decomposition with the combination of adsorption honeycomb-sheets and a plasma element is a new technology for small-sized apparatuses to decompose volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at concentrations lower than about 100 ppm.The feasibility of the prototype adsorption/plasma decomposition apparatus was evaluated with the simulated exhausts containing one VOC component and with real exhausts from a painting booth and an adhesion factory.The apparatus decomposed VOCs effectively at the painting booth exhaust but not always satisfactorily at the adhesion factory exhaust.The performance test results with real exhausts were discussed with respect to the concentration and discharge pattern of the exhausts and the basic properties of the system such as cooperation of adsorption and plasma reaction and the concentration dependence of the performance.
Experimental studies on ozonation of ethylenethiourea

The experimental study on ozonation of ethylenethiourea(ETU)is conducted.The reaction of gas-phase ETU with 0.63×10~(-6)mol/L ozone is carried out in a 200-L reaction chamber.The secondary organic aerosol(SOA)resulted from the ozonation of gas-phase ETU is observed with a scanning mobility particle size(SMPS).The rapid exponential growth of SOA reveals that the atmospheric lifetime of ETU vapor towards ozone reaction is less than four days.The ozonation of dry ETU particles,ETU-contained water droplets and ETU aqueous solution is investigated with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer(VUV-ATOFMS).The formation of 2-imidazoline is observed in the ozonation of dry ETU particles and ETU-contained water droplets.The formation of 2-imidazoline and ethylenerea is observed in the ozonation of ETU aqueous solution.
Soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of soil CO_2 effux before and after tillage in a wheat field of Loess Plateau,China

As a conventional farming practice,tillage has lasted for thousands of years in Loess Plateau,China.Although recent studies show that tillage is a prominent culprit to soil carbon loss in croplands,few studies have investigated the influences of tillage on the responses of soil CO_2 effux(SCE)to soil temperature and moisture.Using a multi-channel automated CO_2 effux chamber system,we measured SCE in situ continuously before and after the conventional tillage in a rain fed wheat field of Loess Plateau,China.The changes in soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of SCE,denoted by the Q10 value and linear regression slope respectively,were compared in the same range of soil temperature and moisture before and after the tillage.The results showed that,after the tillage,SCE increased by 1.2-2.2 times;the soil temperature sensitivity increased by 36.1%-37.5%;and the soil moisture sensitivity increased by 140%-166%.Thus,the tillage-induced increase in SCE might partially be attributed to the increases in temperature and moisture sensitivity of SCE.
Bacillus sp.CDB3 isolated from cattle dip-sites possesses two ars gene clusters

Contamination of soil and water by arsenic is a global problem.In Australia,the dipping of cattle in arsenic-containing solution to control cattle ticks in last centenary has left many sites heavily contaminated with arsenic and other toxicants.We had previously isolated five soil bacterial strains(CDB1-5)highly resistant to arsenic.To understand the resistance mechanism,molecular studies have been carried out.Two chromosome-encoded arsenic resistance(ars)gene clusters have been cloned from CDB3(Bacillus sp.).They both function in Escherichia coli and cluster 1 exerts a much higher resistance to the toxic metalloid.Cluster 2 is smaller possessing four open reading frames(ORFs)arsRorf2BC,similar to that identified in Bacillus subtilis Skin element.Among the eight ORFs in cluster 1 five are analogs of common ars genes found in other bacteria,however,organized in a unique order arsRBCDA instead of arsRDABC.Three other putative genes are located directly downstream and designated as arsTIP based on the homologies of their theoretical translation sequences respectively to thioredoxin reductases,iron-sulphur cluster proteins and protein phosphatases.The latter two are novel of any known ars operons.The arsD gene from Bacillus species was cloned for the first time and the predict protein differs from the well studied E.coli ArsD by lacking two pairs of C-terminal cysteine residues.Its functional involvement in arsenic resistance has been confirmed by a deletion experiment.There exists also an inverted repeat in the intergenic region between arsC and arsD implying some unknown transcription regulation.
Cisplatin ototoxicity involves cytokines and STAT6 signaling network

We herein investigated the role of the STAT signaling cascade in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cisplatin ototoxicity.A significant hearing impairment caused by cisplatin injection was observed in Balb/c (wild type,WT)and STAT4-,but not in STAT6-/- mice.Moreover,the expression levels of the protein and mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines,including TNF-a,IL-1β,and IL-6,were markedly increased in the serum and cochlea of WT and STAT4-/-,but not STAT6-/- mice.Organotypic culture revealed that the shape of stereocilia bundles and arrays of sensory hair cell layers in the organ of Corti from STAT6-/- mice were intact after treatment with cisplatin,whereas those from WT and STAT4-/- mice were highly distorted and disarrayed after the treatment.Cisplatin induced the phosphorylation of STAT6 in HEI-OC1 auditory cells,and the knockdown of STAT6 by STAT6-specific siRNA significantly protected HEI-OC1 auditory cells from cisplatin-induced cell death and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production.We further demonstrated that IL-4 and IL-13 induced by cisplatin modulated the phosphorylation of STAT6 by binding with IL-4 receptor alpha and IL-13Ral.These findings suggest that STAT6 signaling plays a pivotal role in cisplatin-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and ototoxicity.
Thermal stability and sputtering resistance under irradiation of yttria dispersed ferrum films

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS)steels are considered as potential candidates for high temperature applications in fusion reactors because of their excellent thermal creep behavior.In the present work,the double-target magnetron co-sputtering method was recommended to prepare yttria dispersed ferrum films.Vacuum annealing and ion irradiation were carried out to study the surface topography and structural features of the prepared yttria dispersed ferrum samples.Experiments proved that while the yttria doping ratio in the ferrum film increases,the recrystallization temperature of the film will be enhanced and the sputtering damage by Xenon ion irradiation will be lowered.The sputtering resistance of the obtained films would be improved with the growing of grains under vacuum annealing.