mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of helium DC plasma jets at atmospheric pressure with multiple cathodes

A novel DC plasma torch with multiple cathodes is developed for generating laminar, transitional and turbulent plasma jets. The jet's characteristics, including jet appearance, voltage fluctuation, thermal efficiency, specific enthalpy, and distributions of temperature, pressure, and velocity, are experimentally investigated. The results show that as the gas flow rate increases, the plasma jet transforms first from the laminar state to the transitional state and second to the turbulent state. Compared with the transitional/turbulent jet, the laminar jet possesses not only a better stability and a longer hightemperature zone but also a higher average/core temperature and a higher specific enthalpy at the nozzle's outlet. With the change of jet states from the laminar to the turbulent flow, the core pressure and velocity at the nozzle's outlet increase, while the decaying rates of temperature/pressure/velocity along the jet's axial direction increase sharply. Furthermore, applications of laminar, transitional and turbulent jets for zirconia spray coating are described. The test results indicate that the long laminar jet is favorable for the deposition of a high-quality coating because the powder particles injected into the laminar jet may have better heating and lower kinetic energy.
Energetic-ion excited internal kink modes with weak magnetic shear in q_0 > 1 tokamak plasmas

The energetic particle driven internal kink mode is investigated in this paper for q_0 > 1 tokamak plasma with weak magnetic shear. With the effect of energetic particles, the m/n = 1/1 internal mode structure in tokamak plasma does not appear as a rigid step-function when safety factor passes through q = 1 rational surface. It is found that even when the rational surface is removed, the mode may be still unstable under the low magnetic shear condition if the energetic particle drive is strong enough; with the low shear region of safety factor profile widening, the mode becomes more unstable with its growth-rate increasing. Furthermore, we find that the existence of the q = 1 rational surface does not have a significant effect on the stability of the plasma if energetic particles are present, which is very different from the scenarios of the ideal-MHD modes.
A multicomponent multiphase lattice Boltzmann model with large liquid–gas density ratios for simulations of wetting phenomena

A multicomponent multiphase(MCMP) pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann(LB) model with large liquid–gas density ratios is proposed for simulating the wetting phenomena. In the proposed model, two layers of neighboring nodes are adopted to calculate the fluid–fluid cohesion force with higher isotropy order. In addition, the different-time-step method is employed to calculate the processes of particle propagation and collision for the two fluid components with a large pseudoparticle mass contrast. It is found that the spurious current is remarkably reduced by employing the higher isotropy order calculation of the fluid–fluid cohesion force. The maximum spurious current appearing at the phase interfaces is evidently influenced by the magnitudes of fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interaction strengths, but weakly affected by the time step ratio. The density ratio analyses show that the liquid–gas density ratio is dependent on both the fluid–fluid interaction strength and the time step ratio. For the liquid–gas flow simulations without solid phase, the maximum liquid–gas density ratio achieved by the present model is higher than 1000:1. However, the obtainable maximum liquid–gas density ratio in the solid–liquid– gas system is lower. Wetting phenomena of droplets contacting smooth/rough solid surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in a capillary tube are simulated to validate the proposed model in different solid–liquid–gas coexisting systems. It is shown that the simulated intrinsic contact angles of droplets on smooth surfaces are in good agreement with those predicted by the constructed LB formula that is related to Young's equation. The apparent contact angles of droplets on rough surfaces compare reasonably well with the predictions of Cassie's law. For the simulation of liquid movement in a capillary tube, the linear relation between the liquid–gas interface position and simulation time is observed, which is identical to the analytical prediction. The simulation results regarding the wetting phenomena of droplets on smooth/rough surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in the capillary tube demonstrate the quantitative capability of the proposed model.
Bridge-free fabrication process for Al/AlO_x/Al Josephson junctions

We fabricate different-sized Al/AlO_x/Al Josephson junctions by using a simple bridge-free technique, in which only single-layer E-beam resist polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is exposed at low accelerate voltage (below 30 kV) and the size of junction can be varied in a large range. Compared with the bridge technique, this fabrication process is very robust because it can avoid collapsing the bridge during fabrication. This makes the bridge-free technique more popular to meet different requirements for Josephson junction devices especially for superconducting quantum bits.
Magnetic properties of Sn-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites synthesized from nano-sized powders of NiO, ZnO, Fe_2O_3, and SnO_2

A series of Ni_(0.6-x/2)Zn_(0.4-x/2)Sn_xFe_2O_4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3) (NZSFO) ferrite composities have been synthesized from nano powders using a standard solid state reaction technique. The spinel cubic structure of the investigated samples has been confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization (M_s), remanent magnetization (M_r), coercive field (H_c), and Bohr magneton (m) are calculated from the hysteresis loops. The value of M_s is found to decrease with increasing Sn content in the samples. This change is successfully explained by the variation of A-B interaction strength due to Sn substitution in different sites. The compositional stability and quality of the prepared ferrite composites have also been endorsed by the fairly constant initial permeability (μ') over a wide range of frequency. The decreasing trend of μ' with increasing Sn content has been observed. Curie temperature TC has been found to increase with the increase in Sn content. A wide spread frequency utility zone indicates that the NZSFO can be considered as a good candidate for use in broadband pulse transformers and wide band read-write heads for video recording. The composition of x=0.05 shows unusual results and the possible reason is also mentioned with the established formalism.
Influence of a centered dielectric tube on inductively coupled plasma source: Chamber structures and plasma characteristics

A high-density RF ion source is an essential part of a neutral beam injector. In this study, the authors attempt to retrofit an original regular RF ion source reactor by inserting a thin dielectric tube through the symmetric axis of the discharge chamber. With the aid of this inner tube, the reactor is capable of generating a radial magnetic field instead of the original transverse magnetic field, which solves the E ×B drift problem in the current RF ion source structure. To study the disturbance of the dielectric tube, a fluid model is introduced to study the plasma parameters with or without the internal dielectric tube, based on the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor. The simulation results show that while introducing the internal dielectric tube into the ICP reactor, both the plasma density and plasma potential have minor influence during the discharge process, and there is good uniformity at the extraction region. The influence of the control parameters reveals that the plasma densities at the extraction region decrease first and subsequently slow down while enhancing the diffusion region.
Electromechanical actuation of CNT/PVDF composite films based on a bridge configuration

Bridged strips consisting of carbon nanotubes and poly(vinylidene fluoride) are developed, which exhibit notable deflection in response to very low driven voltages (< 1 V), because of both the excellent conductivity of the unique carbon nanotube film and the powerful thermal expansion capability of the polymer. The actuators demonstrate periodic vibrations motivated by the alternating signals. The amplitude of displacement is dependent not only on the driven voltage but also on the applied frequency. The mechanism of actuation is confirmed to be the thermal power induced by the electrical heating. By accelerating the dissipation of heat, the vibration response at higher frequencies can be significantly enhanced. The useful locomotion shows great promise in potential applications such as miniature smart devices and micro power generators.
Acoustic-electromagnetic slow waves in a periodical defective piezoelectric slab

Coupled slow waves, slow acoustic waves, and electromagnetic waves are simultaneously achieved based on a piezoelectric material, in which a line defect is created within a honeycomb lattice array of cylindrical holes etched in a LiNbO_3 slab. Finite element simulations in frequency domain and time domain demonstrate that a highly localized slow mode is obtained in the defect. Owing to the piezoelectricity of LiNbO_3, acoustic and electromagnetic waves are coupled with each other and transmit along the line defect. Therefore, in addition to a slow acoustic wave, an electromagnetic wave with a group velocity even lower than conventional acoustic waves is achieved.
Analytical solutions for a doubly driven two-level atom

We have deduced analytical solutions of an energy level diagram of the doubly driven/dressed atom for a two-level atom exposed to a strong near-resonant bichromatic laser field in a special case, i.e., the bichromatic field with frequencies ω_1 and ω_2, and Rabi frequencies Ω_1 and Ω_2, in which the first coupling field of Ω_1 acts on the bare atomic levels, and then the resulting singly dressed states are driven by the second coupling field of Ω_2, thus resulting in the doubly dressed atom. We have measured the probe absorption spectra of a doubly driven two-level atom. The system consists of 5 ~2S_(1/2),F = 2 and 5 ~2P+(3/2),F' = 3 states of ~(87)Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) as well as the cooling/trapping beams and an additional coupling field. As for the spectroscopic properties of the doubly driven two-level atom, theoretical analytical solutions are in general agreement with the experimental spectrum as a whole.
高血压动物模型应用概况与研究进展

高血压是心脑血管病发病和死亡最重要、最常见的独立危险因素。《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)》报道,2012年年龄≥18岁的成年人高血压患病率为25.2%[1]。所有心脑血管病相关死亡,约半数由高血压所致。现代医学对高血压的确切病因及发病机制尚存在许多未知,临床上常用的抗高血压药,在降压及改善症状方面尚存在许多不足。加强对高血压病因及发病机制的研究,开发出更有效的治疗药物是非常必要的。而实验研究离不开高血压动物模型的复制,好的动物模型能够较好地模拟疾病状态,为全方位的研究提供可能。现将目前实验中高血压动物模型的应用概况与研究进展做简要的介绍分析。
Energy Dissipation Within the Wave Run-Up at Stepped Revetments

To understand the processes and energy dissipation performance caused by turbulence during the wave run-up over a stepped revetment, hydraulic model tests with steady flow conditions are conducted and correlated with unsteady flow conditions of the wave run-up within a short time frame. Under irregular waves, the run-up reduction over a stepped revetment is dependent on the Iribarren number and decreases for decreasing Iribarren numbers. Velocity gradients are found to be similar in a steady and unsteady flow regime near the pseudo-bottom.
Numerical Modeling of Floating Oil Boom Motions in Wave-Current Coupling Conditions

Containment booms are commonly used in collecting and containing spilled oil on the sea surface and in protecting specific sea areas against oil slick spreading. In the present study, a numerical model is proposed based on the N-S equations in a mesh frame. The proposed model tracks the outline of the floating boom in motion by using the fractional area/volume obstacle representation technique. The boom motion is then simulated by the technique of general moving object. The simulated results of the rigid oil boom motions are validated against the experimental results. Then, the failure mechanism of the boom is investigated through numerical experiments. Based on the numerical results, the effects of boom parameters and dynamic factors on the oil containment performance are also assessed.
Tailored pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-center experience of 892 cases

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still debatable even for pancreatic surgeons. Ideally, pancreatic reconstruction after PD should reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its severity if developed with preservation of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions. It must be tailored to control the morbidity linked to the type of reconstruction. This study was to show the best type of pancreatic reconstruction according to the characters of pancreatic stump. METHODS: We studied all patients who underwent PD in our center from January 1993 to December 2015. Patients were categorized into three groups depending on the presence of risk factors of postoperative complications: low-risk group (absent risk factor), moderate-risk group (presence of one risk factor) and high-risk group (presence of two or more risk factors). RESULTS: A total of 892 patients underwent PD for resection of periampullary tumor. BMI >25 kg/m~2, cirrhotic liver, soft pancreas, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, and pancreatic duct location from posterior edge <3 mm are risk variables for development of postoperative complications. POPF developed in 128 (14.3%) patients. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 164 (18.4%) patients, biliary leakage developed in 65 (7.3%) and pancreatitis presented in 20 (2.2%). POPF in low-, moderate- and high-risk groups were 26 (8.3%), 65 (15.7%) and 37 (22.7%) patients, respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were significantly lower with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) in high-risk group, while pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) decreases incidence of postoperative steatorrhea in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of proper pancreatic reconstruction according to the risk factors of patients may reduce POPF and postoperative complications and mortality. PG is superior to PJ as regards short-term outcomes in high-risk group but PJ provides better pancreatic function in all groups and therefore, PJ is superior in low- and moderate-risk groups.
Geoinformatics education and outreach: looking forward

Geoinformatics education is a key factor for sustainable development of geo-spatial sciences and industries. There have been a variety of educational activities focusing on education and training, technology transfer, and capability building in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and spatial information science, together known as Geoinformatics. Geoinformatics education is an essential mission and even determinant in the ISPRS society. The paper discusses key issues in Geoinformatics education. It reviews educational activities from the ISPRS perspective and summarizes lessons learned from these actions. A vision towards future trends of Geoinformatics education in the ISPRS is provided.
Improving global land cover characterization through data fusion

Global-scale land cover characterization has advanced from a spatial resolution of 1 × 1° in the mid-1990s to 30 × 30 m resolution to date. However, some mapping challenges exist persistently regardless of the increasing spatial resolution. Data fusion has been proved as an effective way of improving land cover characterization. Here we applied a machine learningbased data integration approach for improving global-scale forest cover characterization. The approach employed six coarse-resolution (250–1000 m) global land cover maps as input and various regional, higher-resolution land cover data-sets as reference to build regression tree models per continent. The average error of 10-fold cross validation of the regression tree models varied between 7.70 and 15.68% forest cover and the r~2 varied between 0.76 and 0.94, indicating the robustness of the trained models. As a result of data fusion, the synthesized global forest cover map was more accurate than any input global product. We also showed that other major vegetative land cover types such as cropland, woodland, grassland, and wetland all exhibit similar magnitude of discrepancies as forest among existing land cover maps. Our developed method, because of its type-and scale-invariant feature, can be implemented for other land cover types for improving their global characterization. The ensemble approach can also be internalized for improving data quality when generating a global land cover product, where multiple versions can be produced and subsequently integrated.
Sustainable development and geospatial information: a strategic framework for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 years. Achieving sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in nature. Many of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed, modeled, and mapped within a geographic context, which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration, consensus and evidence-based decision-making. However, and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies, there is a lack of awareness, understanding and uptake, particular at the policy and decision-making level, of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data Infrastructures. This paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional community. This lack of policy and guidance, with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks, is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable development. The global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner, specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and their 169 associated targets, through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global policy to national geospatial capabilities.
Perspectives on the nature of geospatial information

In the first issue of this year, our editor-in-chief wrote an inspiring Editorial about the 20 years' history of this journal. Th at forms a nice background to this Special Issue, in that he gave a very good overview of the journal's aims and scope, and an interesting summary of geospatial information science, as well as some challenges for the future. During this 20th anniversary year, we will be producing two Special Issues to mark this auspicious occasion. It is a great pleasure that I am writing this guest editorial for the first of these two Special 20th Anniversary Issues for our journal on the subject of “Perspectives on the nature of geospatial information”. Since the introduction of remote sensing in the 1960s, of GIS in the 1970s, followed by GPS, and geospatial information technology, such technologies now permeate in all aspects of people's daily lives.
郭立中教授“上守神”思想在临床中的应用

“上守神”本为内经针刺思想,郭立中教授立足临床,发皇古义,系统总结,对“上守神”进行发挥,形成自己较完整的治神体系,内容涵盖立法体系、方药体系、针刺体系、辅助体系和祝由体系等,诸法互为补充。临床用之治疗神志病症,效若桴鼓。
中医问诊视频的制作及其在中医诊断学中的应用

中医诊断学是中医学专业的一门核心课程,不仅涵盖了中医的基础理论,而且还涉及到基本的临床操作技能。问诊内容的教学侧重于理论讲解,课堂气氛较为枯燥,这样的教学方式不利于提高学生的临床问诊操作技能。文章介绍了中医问诊视频的制作方法,探讨了它在中医诊断学问诊教学过程中的应用,中医问诊视频的应用可以提高学生的学习兴趣。
药物成瘾与睡眠障碍

药物成瘾已成为当今社会严重的公共健康和社会问题,引起了世界性的广泛关注和政府的高度重视。近年来,越来越多的研究者从社会、行为、环境、遗传等方面对药物成瘾的潜在机制进行了深入的探索,但目前关于药物成瘾的神经机制尚不完全清楚。已有研究表明,睡眠障碍在药物成瘾者中广泛存在,并且可能是影响药物成瘾者复吸的重要因素之一。此外,睡眠障碍也可能是药物成瘾发生的危险因素。为了深入理解药物成瘾与睡眠障碍之间的相互关系,本文将围绕药物成瘾者中广泛存在的睡眠障碍等问题进行系统综述,并且探讨了药物成瘾合并睡眠障碍的治疗措施,以期为药物成瘾相关的研究提供新思路。
左旋奥拉西坦注射液大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性研究

奥拉西坦是较为常见的脑代谢激活剂,也是促智药的一种,能改善大脑学习记忆功能的中枢神经系统,预防和治疗血管性痴呆(vascular dementia, VD),副作用小且毒性较低。在临床上,与茴拉西坦和尼莫地平相比,奥拉西坦可显著改善VD患者的智力精神水平;与吡拉西坦相比,奥拉西坦除了可以改善VD患者的智力水平,还可显著改善其社会活动能力和情感人格;与多奈哌齐相比,奥拉西坦还可显著改善VD患者的智力状态和记忆力,且安全性较好。但有研究发现,在诱导增强大鼠海马脑片LTP时,奥拉西坦的 S-对映体效果显著好于R-对映体,另外在促进东莨菪碱引起的大鼠失忆恢复时,发现奥拉西坦的S-对映体相比于R-对映体,对这些功能的促进作用更加活跃。因此,从奥拉西坦消旋体中分离出最有效成分 S-奥拉西坦对映体,并对其进行合理加工利用,进行结构改造,研制出一种安全、高效、稳定、方便、便于临床应用的对抗血管性痴呆药物意义重大,不仅可以满足日益增长的老年性痴呆等疾病患者的需求,减轻病患家属的负担,也可以为社会带来巨大的经济效益。
亚砷酸钠对雌性SD大鼠性成熟前期ERmRNA的表达及 VEGF、CyclinD_1、PR蛋白含量的影响

目的采取不同剂量的亚砷酸钠(NaAsO_2)灌胃染毒,针对其对雌性SD大鼠性成熟前期ERmRNA(雌激素受体mRNA)的表达及VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)、CyclinD_1(细胞周期蛋白D_1)和PR(孕激素受体)蛋白含量的影响,探讨其对生殖毒性的可能机制。方法SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组:对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,经灌胃,分别给予其双蒸水,1.25、2.5和5 mg/kg·d的NaAsO_2,4周后,断颈处死,取血、左侧卵巢做以下检测:①Elisa法测定 VEGF、CyclinD_1和PR蛋白的含量;②实时荧光定量PCR检测卵巢组织中ERmRNA的表达。结果 Elisa结果显示,随着灌胃的NaAsO_2剂量增加,中和高剂量大鼠血清VEGF、CyclinD_1和PR蛋白含量分别为(13. 54 ± 1. 98) ng/L、(12.44± 2. 06) ng/L、(1.089 ±0. 133) μg/L、(1. 040 ± 0. 136)μg/L、(324. 27 ± 19. 77) ng/L 和(320. 46 ± 18. 01) ng/L呈下降趋势,中、高剂量组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,大鼠卵巢ER mRNA基因的表达降低,且低、中和高剂量组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论染毒NaAsO_2 4周后可引起SD雌性大鼠卵巢与子宫结构改变,在性成熟前期染毒NaAsO_2,可能通过下调卵巢ER mRNA基因,使得ER下游的VEGF、CyclinD_1蛋白以及PR蛋白生成减少,最终导致卵泡发育异常,产生生殖毒性。
近红外漫反射光谱法考察芒硝制备玄明粉的过程

目的利用近红外漫反射光谱法考察芒硝制备玄明粉的过程。方法采集芒硝干燥过程中不同温度、时间点的近红外图谱,并将其变化与芒硝失水过程中的化学及物理变化相结合,探索近红外图谱变化与芒硝失水过程之间的联系。选取近红外图谱变化在第3和第4阶段的样品,以消除常数偏移量为预处理方法,谱段范围10 800.0 ~ 9 496.3、 9 002.6 ~ 7 999.7、5 801.1 ~ 5 492.6 cm~(-1)。以烘干法测得芒硝水分,作为参考值;采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立近红外定量分析模型。结果以28个含水量在0 ~ 24.0%之间的样品建立校正模型,内部验证均方差(RMSECV)为0.995,R~2为0.977 5;以12个含水量在0 ~ 23.6%之间的样品进行外部验证,其外部验证均方差(RMSEP)为0.840,平均偏差为0.72。结论该方法可快速检测失水不完全芒硝的含水量,准确判断玄明粉炮制程度,亦可用于其制备过程的在线监测。
独脚金的研究进展

独脚金为我国民间传统药用植物,具有健脾消积、清热杀虫之功效,主治小儿伤食、黄疸肝炎等。随着中药研究领域的兴起,以及对独脚金药用价值研究的不断深入,其开发利用逐渐引起了人们的重视。为了更好地掌握独脚金研究现状,以便开展具有针对性的研究,本文对国内外独脚金种子特性、药材鉴别、化学成分、药理作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。
BP神经网络结合熵权法优化甘草皂苷提取工艺

目的通过BP神经网络结合熵权法,优化甘草Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma皂苷提取工艺。方法以甘草皂苷G2、甘草酸、乌拉尔甘草皂苷B峰面积为评价指标,乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间为影响因素,正交试验优化提取工艺。在R语言环境下用熵权法计算3种皂苷综合指标,再建立BP神经网络系统分析数据。结果最佳条件为乙醇体积分数75%,料液比1 ∶ 12,提取时间1.6 h,测得值351.844,与预测值(346.452)接近。结论该方法准确有效,可用于优化甘草皂苷提取工艺。
Product Data Model for Performance-driven Design

When designing large-sized complex machinery products, the design focus is always on the overall performance; however, there exist no design theory and method based on performance driven. In view of the deficiency of the existing design theory, according to the performance features of complex mechanical products, the performance indices are introduced into the traditional design theory of "Requirement-Function-Structure" to construct a new five-domain design theory of "Client Requirement-Function-Performance-Structure-Design Parameter". To support design practice based on this new theory, a product data model is established by using performance indices and the mapping relationship between them and the other four domains. When the product data model is applied to high-speed train design and combining the existing research result and relevant standards, the corresponding data model and its structure involving five domains of high-speed trains are established, which can provide technical support for studying the relationships between typical performance indices and design parameters and the fast achievement of a high-speed train scheme design. The five domains provide a reference for the design specification and evaluation criteria of high speed train and a new idea for the train's parameter design.