mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Status and prospect of garnet/polymer solid composite electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), are characteristic of good flexibility and excellent processability, but they suffer from low ionic conductivity and small Li+ transference number at ambient temperature. Inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), garnet-type Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12) and its derivatives (LLZO-based) in particular, possess high ionic conductivity at room temperature, wide electrochemical stability window, large Li+ transference number as well as good stability against Li metal anode. Nevertheless, lithium dendrites growth, interfacial contact issue and brittle nature of LLZO-based ceramic electrolytes prevent their practical applications. In response to these shortcomings, LLZO-based/polymer solid composite electrolytes (SCEs), taking complementary advantages of two kinds of electrolytes, and thus simultaneously improving the electrode wettability, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, have been made to develop high-performance SCEs in recent years. Herein, the intrinsic properties and research progress of LLZO-based/polymer SCEs, including LLZO-based/PEO SCEs (LLZO-based/PEO SCEs with uniform dispersion of LLZO-based fillers and LLZO-based/PEO layered SCEs) and LLZO-based/novel polymers SCEs, are summarized. Besides, comprehensive updates on their applications in solid-state batteries are also presented. Finally, challenges and perspectives of LLZO-based/polymer SCEs for advanced allsolid- state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are suggested. This review paper aims to provide systematic research progress of LLZO-based/polymer SCEs, to allow for more efficient and target-oriented research on improving LLZO-based/polymer SCEs.
Hybrid battery integrated by Zn-air and Zn-Co_3O_4 batteries at cell level

The construction of Zn based hybrid battery through the combination of Zn-air and Zn-Co_3O_4 batteries at cell level is a feasible strategy to integrate high voltage, specific capacity and energy density in one power supply equipment. For Zn based hybrid battery, an efficient cathode material with high specific capacitance and excellent ORR, OER activities is a vital component, which determines its performance in great extent. In this work, with Co based coordination polymer as precursor, oxygen vacancy-rich Co_3O_4 based cathode material is synthesized. In this material Co_3O_4 particles with the size about 20 to 35 nm reside evenly in mesoporous carbon matrix doped by nitrogen atoms. In OER, the overpotential of this cathode material is merely 330 mV. Its ORR proceeds with a typical four electron process with half wave achieving 0.76 V. If charge/discharge at 1 A·g~(–1), specific capacitance of this cathode material is 254.4 mAh·g~(–1). As current density increases to 20 A·g~(–1), the specific capacitance still arrives at 122.5 mAh·g~(–1) with nearly 50% retained. Based on attractive performance of this cathode material, Zn based hybrid battery is assembled. When discharge at 1 mA·cm~(–2), it presences two voltage platforms at 1.71 and 1.14 V. In this situation, specific capacitance reaches 790 mAh·g~(–1) with energy density 928 Wh·kg~(–1). Hybrid battery shows promising stability after 300-cycle continuous test.
Nitrogen doping and graphitization tuning coupled hard carbon for superior potassium-ion storage

Hard carbon material is one of the most promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to its distinct disordered and non-expandable framework. However, the intrinsically disordered microarchitecture of hard carbon results in low electric conductivity and poor rate capability. Herein, nitrogendoped and partially graphitized hard carbons (NGHCs) derived from commercial coordination compound precursor-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium cobalt salt hydrate are designed and prepared as high-performance PIBs anode materials. By means of a facile annealing method, nitrogen elements and graphitic domains can be controllably introduced to NGHCs. The resulting NGHCs show structural merits of mesoporous construction, nitrogen doping and homogeneous graphitic domains, which ensures fast kinetics and electron transportation. Applying in anode for PIBs, NGHCs exhibit robust rate capability with high reversible capacity of 298.8 mAh g~(–1) at 50 mA g~(–1), and stable cycle stability of 137.6 mAh g~(–1) at 500 mA g~(–1) after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the ex situ Raman spectra reveal a mixture “adsorption– intercalation mechanism” for potassium storage of NGHCs. More importantly, full PIBs by pairing with perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) cathode demonstrate the promising potential of practical application. In terms of commercial precursor, facile synthesis and long cycle lifespan, NGHCs represent a brilliant prospect for practical large-scale applications.
Boosting the electrochemical performance and reliability of conducting polymer microelectrode via intermediate graphene for on-chip asymmetric micro-supercapacitor

High-performance anode is hurdle for on-chip planar microsupercapacitor (MSC). Polypyrrole (PPy) is a highly attractive pseudocapacitive material, but its low cycling stability, and low adhesion with current collector hinder its practicability. Herein we propose one-prong generic strategy to boost the cycling stability of PPy. For our strategy, the electrochemical deposition of multilayered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on micropatterned Au is utilized, and the resultant rGO@Au pattern is then used for growing highly porous PPy nanostructures by facile electrochemical polymerization. The fabricated PPy anode on rGO@Au has quasi rectangular cyclic voltammetry curves up to -0.7 V and exceptional cycling stability, retaining 82% of capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles in 2 M KCl electrolyte. The outstanding reliability of PPy on rGO@Au is due to the flexibility of rGO, accommodating structural pulverization and providing a promising background for the nucleation of highly porous nanostructure. Further, an all-polymer based asymmetric aqueous MSC (AMSC) is constructed with PPy anode and PEDOT cathode, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance compared with conventional symmetric MSCs based on conducting polymers. The constructed AMSC delivered a maximum areal capacitance of 15.9 mF cm–2 (99.3 F cm–3), high specific energy and power densities of 4.3 μWh cm–2 (27.03 mWh cm–3) and 0.36 W cm–2 (0.68 W cm–3) at 1.4 V, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performances can be illustrated by nucleation mechanism, in which surface topology of rGO generates a promising background for nucleation and electrochemical growth of nanoporous pseudocapacitive conducting polymers with superior interfacial contact and improved surface area.
Deciphering pitting behavior of lithium metal anodes in lithium sulfur batteries

Unambiguous understanding in lithium anode failure mechanism calls for a comprehensive methodology to investigate the coupled morphological, electrochemical and mechanical behaviors during the stripping process. In this work, a mechanistic investigation of the pitting behavior of lithium metal in an electrolyte containing lithium polysulfides in lithium sulfur batteries was developed. It is found that lithium polysulfides could aggravate the nonuniform stripping of lithium electrodes.
All-climate aqueous supercapacitor enabled by a deep eutectic solvent electrolyte based on salt hydrate

Aqueous supercapacitors (SCs) have received considerable attention owing to the utilization of low-cost, non-flammable, and low-toxicity aqueous electrolytes thus could eliminate the safety and cost concerns, but their wide temperature range applications have generally suffered from frozen of electrolyte and insufficient ionic conductivity at low temperatures. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of using an unconventional Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) based on H_2O-Mg(ClO_4)_2·6H_2O binary system as electrolyte to construct all-climate aqueous carbon-based SC. This unconventional class DES completely base on inorganic substances and achieving simply mix inexpensive salts and water together at the right proportions. Attributed to the attractive feature of extremely low freeze temperature of –69 °C, this electrolyte can enable the 1.8 V carbon-based SC to fully work at –40 °C with outstanding cycling stability. This DES electrolyte comprising of a single salt and a single solvent without any additive will open up an avenue for developing simple and green electrolytes to construct all-climate SC.
The influence of formation temperature on the solid electrolyte interphase of graphite in lithium ion batteries

Lithium-ion battery has greatly changed our lifestyle and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) covered on the graphite anode determines the service life of a battery. The formation method and the formation temperature at initial cycle of a battery determine the feature of the SEI. Herein, we investigate the gap of formation behavior in both a half cell (graphite matches with lithium anode) and a full cell (graphite matches with NCM, short for LiNi_xCo_yMn_(1–x–y)O_2) at different temperatures. We conclude that high temperature causes severe side reactions and low temperature will result in low ionic conductive SEI layer, the interface formed at room temperature owns the best ionic conductivity and stability.
Exfoliated multi-layered graphene anode with the broadened delithiation voltage plateau below 0.5 V

The commercial graphite (CG) is the conventional anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its low delithiation voltage plateau (below 0.5 V) and extraordinary durability. Nevertheless, the further promotion of energy density of LIBs is restricted by the limited capacity below 0.5 V of CG. Here, based on the supercritical CO_2 exfoliation technique, the production of multi-layered graphene (MLG) is achieved from the pilot scale production line. The great merit of the exfoliated MLG anode is that the voltage plateau below 0.5 V is broadened obviously as compared to those of natural graphite and CG. Additionally, no obvious lithium dendrites are observed for MLG during the lithiation process. The large delithiation capacity under the low voltage plateau of MLG is mainly benefited from the combination of Li intercalation and boundary storage mechanism, which is further confirmed by the density functional theory calculations. The LiFePO_4/MLG full cell can afford the satisfactory electrochemical property with respect to the capacity, energy density and ultralong cycling stability (90% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 C), significantly better than that of LiFePO_4/CG. Besides, this developed technique not only dedicates to producing the high-performance anode for LIBs but also opens a door for the mass production of MLG in the industrial scale.
A systematical study on the electrodeposition process of metallic lithium

In this study, commercial copper (Cu) foil and Cu foam are used as the working electrodes to systematically investigate the electrochemical deposition and dissolution processes of metallic lithium (Li) on these electrodes; Li metal deposited on the Cu foil electrode is porous and loose. The surface solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film after dissolution from Li dendrites maintains a dendritic porous structure, resulting in a large volume effect of the electrode during the cycle. The Cu foam electrode provides preferential nucleation and deposition sites near the side surface of the separator; the difference in Li affinity results in a heterogeneous deposition and dendrite growth of metallic Li.
N-doped carbon nanotubes formed in a wide range of temperature and ramping rate for fast sodium storage

Herein, nickel@nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni@NCNTs) are prepared by a simple and reliable method with Ni-based complex as single-source precursor. Significantly, the formation of CNTs is not susceptible to the calcination temperature and ramping rate and Ni@NCNTs can be attained from 430 to 900 °C in an inert atmosphere. Then they are the first time to be applied as the anode material for sodium–ion batteries. The presence of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) facilitates the solid electrolyte interface film over the anode surface and improves the capacity retention of the host material, especially at the high rates. Furthermore, Na+ diffusion is reinforced after the introduction of Ni NPs. Ni@NCNTs obtained at 500 °C (Ni@NCNTs-500) exhibit the best capacity retention and rate capability. Kinetics analyses demonstrate the faster electron transportation and ion diffusion than others prepared at other temperatures. The surficial capacitance storage favors the fast electrochemistry kinetics. It delivers a high specific capacity (192 mA h g~(–1) at 0.5 A g~(–1)), excellent cycling stability (103 mA h g~(–1) after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g~(–1)), and outstanding high-rate capability up to 20 A g~(–1) (118 mA h g~(–1)). The related full cells confirm a high energy density of 140 Wh kg~(–1) at 38.16 W kg~(–1) and 44.27 W h kg~(–1) at 762 W kg~(–1).
Construction of robust coupling interface between MoS_2 and nitrogen doped graphene for high performance sodium ion batteries

As a layered inorganic material, MoS_2 has recently attracted intensive attention as anode for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, this anode is plagued with low electronic conductivity, serious volume expansion and sluggish kinetics, resulting in capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, we develop an interface engineering strategy to substantially enhance the sodium storage performance of MoS_2 by incorporating layered MoS_2 into three dimensional N-doped graphene scaffold. The strong coupling-interface between MoS_2 and N-doped graphene scaffold can not only stabilize the MoS_2 structure during sodium insertion/extraction processes, but also provide plenty of anchor sites for additional surface sodium storage. The 3D MoS_2@N-doped graphene composite as anode for SIBs performs an outstanding specific capacity of 667.3 mA h g~(–1) at 0.2 A g~(–1), a prolonged stability with a capacity retention of 94.4% after 140 cycles and excellent rate capability of 445 mA h g~(–1) even at a high rate of 10 A g~(–1). We combined experiment and theoretical simulation to further disclose the interaction between MoS_2 and N-doped graphene, adsorption and diffusion of sodium on the composite and the corresponding sodium storage mechanism. This study opens a new door to develop high performance SIBs by introducing the interface engineering technique.
In situ growth of 3D walnut-like nano-architecture Mo-Ni_2P@NiFe LDH/NF arrays for synergistically enhanced overall water splitting

The in situ growth of nano-array on material structure is a novel and high-efficient strategy to design catalysts, however, it still remains a challenge to fabricate unique nano-architecture electrocatalyst with prominent activity and superior durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a unique nano-architecture catalyst is successfully synthesized by using NiFe LDH nanosheets as framework to the in situ growth Mo-doped Ni_2P ultrafine nanosheets (marked as Mo-Ni_2P@NiFe LDH/NF). The unique 3D core-shell nano-architecture is favorable for enhancing electron transfer/mass diffusion, providing abundant active sites, prompting O_2/H_2 gas release, and creating the synergistic effect between Mo-Ni_2P and NiFe LDH. Therefore, comparing with pure NiFe LDH/NF and Mo- Ni_2P/NF electrodes, walnut-like Mo-Ni_2P@NiFe LDH/NF catalyst exhibits significantly improved electrocatalytic activities and durability towards OER (269 mV @ 40 mA cm~(–2)), HER (82 mV @ 10 mA cm~(–2)), and overall water splitting (1.46 V @ 10 mA cm~(–2)), respectively. Such electrocatalytic activity of Mo-Ni_2P@NiFe LDH/NF is comparable with that of majority reported non-precious metal catalysts and even precious catalysts (IrO_2 and Pt/C). This work presents a new perspective strategy to fabricate ingeniously bifunctional electrocatalysts with well-designed structure and superior performance for clean energy conversion technologies or storage devices.
Metal-free carbocatalysis for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction: Activity origin and mechanism

Although scientists have conducted long-term and extensive studies on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by metal-free carbon materials, they mainly have focused on the preparation and properties of various doped carbon materials. There is still a lack of systematic scientific guidance on the relationship between the surface structure regulation and activity of carbon-based catalysts. In this review, some of electrochemical and computational fundamental concepts about ORR are concisely summarized. The effects of edge defect and nonmetallic doping of carbon materials on ORR behavior and mechanism have been reviewed, and activity origin identification and intermediate conversion mechanism have been discussed. The outlooks for future researches on metal-free ORR electrocatalysis are suggested.
Crystallization tailoring of cesium/formamidinium double-cation perovskite for efficient and highly stable solar cells

Achieving high-quality perovskite crystal films is a critical prerequisite in boosting solar cell efficiency and improving the device stability, but the delicate control of nucleation and growth of the perovskite film remains limited success. Herein, a facile but effective strategy has been developed to finely tailor the crystallization of thermally stable cesium/formamidinium (Cs/FA) based perovskite via partially replacing PbI2 with PbCl2 in the precursor solution. The incorporation of chlorine into the perovskite crystal lattice derived from PbCl2 changes the crystallization process and improves the crystal quality, which further results in the formation of larger crystal grains compared to the control sample. The larger crystal grains with high crystallinity lead to reduced grain boundaries, suppressed non-radiative recombination, and enhanced photoluminescence lifetime. Under the optimized conditions, the methylammonium free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) delivers a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.30% with an open-circuit voltage as high as 1.18 V, which is one of the highest efficiencies for Cs/FA based PSCs up to now. Importantly, the unencapsulated PSC devices retain more than 95% and 81% of their original PCEs even after long-term (over one year) storage under ambient conditions or 2000 h's thermal aging at 85 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, respectively.
Polar, catalytic, and conductive CoSe_2/C frameworks for performance enhanced S cathode in Li–S batteries

Lithium-sulfur battery (Li–S) is considered as one of the new-generation rechargeable batteries with high performance because of its extremely high theoretical capacity, energy density, environmental harmony and low cost. However, low electrical and ionic conductivity of sulfur, safety concerns and parasitic reaction generated by the dissolved polysulfide species in electrolyte hinder the commercialization of Li–S battery. Herein, we report a polyhedral porous structure comprising of carbon coating metal selenide nanoparticles (CoSe_2/C), which could not only host sulfur for Li-S battery owing to its porous and conductive structure, but also mitigate the shuttle phenomenon by polysulfides adsorption and catalytic acceleration of redox kinetics. As a result, a performance enhanced CoSe_2/C-S electrode for Li-S battery is achieved.
Insights into interfacial speciation and deposition morphology evolution at Mg-electrolyte interfaces under practical conditions

Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery technologies show the promise of low cost, less safety concerns and relatively higher energy density. Interrogating the critical issues on the Mg stripping/plating performance as well as the Mg metal anode-electrolyte interfacial chemistry is one great importance under the practical areal capacity and rate conditions. In this work, we systematically investigate the electrochemistry of Mg stripping/plating processes within four distinctive Mg-ion electrolytes and the Mg anodeelectrolyte interfacial chemistry under practical conditions. Electrochemical results show that the cycle life of Mg//Cu asymmetric cells using these above electrolytes is significantly shortened (less than 10 cycles) when tested at a practical areal capacity of 10 mAh cm–2. Further optical and electron microscopic analyses reveal that the gradual growth of the Mg deposits is susceptible to detachment from the copper substrate, where the initial nucleation process might occur. In spite of showing an interconnected particle-like morphology, the Mg deposits could easily penetrate the porous separator, leading to cell failure. The co-deposition of metallic Al is revealed from surface region to bulk, while the Cl-containing species exist in the near surface of Mg deposits. Our work not only highlights the critical impacts of areal capacity on the performances of Mg stripping/plating process, but calls for further efforts to eliminating the safety concerns of Mg anode under practical conditions.
There is plenty of space in the MXene layers: The confinement and fillings

MXenes have emerged as a new kind of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. Origined from the unique 2D structure with a luxuriant combination of elements, MXenes drive a series of the investigations related to energy storage and conversion, biometrics and sensing, lighting, purification and separation. For 2D layered MXene materials, the interspacing confined by the independent MXenes layers affords a distinct confinement space, which is similar to a nanoreactor that can be utilized for the storage of ions, nanoparticles, nanowires, and the materials with 2D or 3D structure. These fillings confined by MXene layers afford new opptunities for achieving improved properties and performance via complementary natural features, further the synergistic effect. Herein, we summarize the recent reports concerning with the confinded MXenes spacing and the fillings. The modification of interlayer distance lead by the intercalants were explored. We expect that our review may offer the route for a series of ongoing studies to address the MXenes.
A bifunctional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer protective layer for dendrites-free lithium metal anodes

Lithium metal batteries are strongly considered as one of the most promising candidates for nextgeneration high-performance battery systems. However, the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites and the highly reactive lithium metal result in the severe safety risks and the short lifespan for highenergy- density rechargeable batteries. Here, we demonstrate a hydrophobic and ionically conductive ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer layer can not only endow lithium metal anodes with an air-stable and anti-water surface, but also efficiently suppress the lithium-dendrites growth during the electrochemical cycling process. Therefore, the introduction of the EVA copolymer as a bifunctional protection layer simultaneously improves the anti-water/air performance and electrochemical cycling stability of lithium metal anode.