mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Variation analyses of growth and wood properties of Larix olgensis clones in China

The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content (HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-yearold Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences (p<0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34–35.33% and 0.218–0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation;however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant. Ten clones (L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86, and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones (L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304, L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14, 3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones.
Wide Speed Range Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Design for a DC Power System

A wide speed range permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) system is studied in this paper, including the PMSG design and comparative study on control strategies with a pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier, the purpose of which is to regulate the DC-link voltage. It is of great importance to study the foregoing DC power system based on the PMSG and PWM rectifier, where vector control (VC) can be implemented and the corresponding field-weakening strategy can be realized by injecting a field-weakening current component without any auxiliary devices. Large machine inductance is desired in order to limit the short-circuit current and the loaded voltage drop. Different control strategies including VC,direct torque control (DTC) and direct voltage control (DVC) are studied and compared with both simulations and experiments.
Control Strategy of Wind Turbine Based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Energy Storage for Stand-Alone Systems

This paper investigates a variable speed wind turbine based on permanent magnet synchronous generator and a full-scale power converter in a stand-alone system. An energy storage system(ESS) including battery and fuel cell-electrolyzer combination is connected to the DC link of the full-scale power converter through the power electronics interface. Wind is the primary power source of the system,the battery and FC-electrolyzer combination is used as a backup and a long-term storage system to provide or absorb power in the stand-alone system,respectively. In this paper, a control strategy is proposed for the operation of this variable speed wind turbine in a stand-alone system,where the generator-side converter and the ESS operate together to meet the demand of the loads. This control strategy is competent for supporting the variation of the loads or wind speed and limiting the DC-link voltage of the full-scale power converter in a small range. A simulation model of a variable speed wind turbine in a stand-alone system is developed using the simulation tool of PSCAD/EMTDC. The dynamic performance of the stand-alone wind turbine system and the proposed control strategy is assessed and emphasized with the simulation results.
Multi-Objective Control of Direct-Driven Wind Power Generation System with Frequency Separation

Variable-speed wind power generation system usually adopts maximum power point tracking (MPPT) below the rated wind speed or constant power control above the rated wind speed. However, single objective control has large dynamic loads on transmission systems. This paper presents a multi-objective control scheme for wind turbine in low wind speed,which achieves not only high power capture efficiency but also low fatigue load on mechanical parts. Input wind speed is separated into two components: a slowly varying seasonal component and a rapidly varying turbulent component. Correspondingly, the machine-side converter controller is divided into low frequency loop and high frequency loops. The low frequency loop implements MPPT control,the high frequency loop reduces the fluctuations of torque,and both loops together suppress the variations of output power. Simulation was conducted in Matlab/Simulink and FAST code was used to further verify the correctness of the multi-objective control strategy.
Design and Analysis of an Outer-Rotor Parallel-Hybrid-Excited Vernier Machine

In this paper,an outer-rotor parallel-hybrid-excited vernier machine is proposed. In order to realize the parallel hybrid excitation, the homopolar configuration is adopted to artfully combine the permanent magnet (PM) flux path and the electromagnet flux path together. Firstly, the structure of the proposed machine is presented. Secondly, its operating principle is studied and discussed. Thirdly, its performance for flux regulation is analyzed based on the 3-D finite element analysis. Finally, the prototype of the proposed machine is manufactured and tested to verify the analytical results.
A Novel Boost Four-Leg Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications

Integrating the electric vehicle into grid or microgrid has been receiving more and more attention in recent years. Typically, the electric vehicle (EV) chargers with their power batteries have been developed for vehicle-to-home(V2H) applications, acting as a backup generation to supply emergency power directly to a home. Traditional EV chargers in V2H applications mainly consist of DC/DC and DC/AC stages, which complicate the control algorithm and result in low conversion efficiency. In order to solve this problem, a novel EV charger is proposed for V2H applications. It can boost the battery voltage and output AC voltage with only one-stage power conversion. Also,the DC, 1-phase and 3-phase loads can be fed with the proposed single-stage EV charger. The system control strategy is also provided to deal with versatile load variations. Finally, the performance evaluation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Parallel-Path Power Flows in Magnetic-Geared Permanent Magnet Machines with Sandwiched Armature Stator

Due to the large torque density of magnetic gears(MGs), magnetic-geared permanent magnet machines(MGPMs) have become promising competitors in the family of direct-drive machines. According to the deployment of armature stators,MGPMs can be generally classified into three types, viz., MGPM with inner armature stator(MGPM-IAS),MGPM with outer armature stator(MGPM-OAS), and MGPM with sandwiched armature stator(MGPM-SAS). Our investigation finds out that the MGPM-SAS can achieve parallel-path power flows better than the MGPM-OAS,while the MGPM-IAS is with serial power flow paths. Therefore,the torque capability of MGPM-IAS is limited by the torque transmission capability of its integrated MG. However,the MGPM-SAS has the possibility to offer even higher output torque than its integrated MG. This paper focuses on the MGPM-SAS. And three typical MGPMs and their power flow paths are introduced; the interaction of electromagnetic fields in MGPM-SAS is analyzed; simulation calculation and experimental verification are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Predictive Field-Oriented Control for Electric Drives

Model predictive field-oriented control (PFOC) is a novel control strategy belonging to the class of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for electric drive systems. It is a direct control scheme which minimizes the cost function through the convergence of errors between the given and predictive stator currents. In this paper, PFOC is thoroughly presented and analyzed through its dynamics and steady state operations under wide range of speed and varying torque conditions. In light of PFOC's model based characteristics,its robustness and influence under model parameters' mismatch is also investigated. Experiments are conducted to show these performance and sensitivities.
Response of understory vegetation over 10 years after thinning in an old-growth cedar and cypress plantation overgrazed by sika deer in eastern Japan

Background: Forest management strategies such as thinning have long been used to enhance ecosystem functions, especially in plantations. Thinning in plantations with high deer density, however, may not yield a desired increase in understory vegetation because deer graze on germinating plants after thinning. Here, we examine the changes in understory vegetation after thinning in plantations that have been overgrazed by sika deer to provide insight into the effects of thinning on ecosystem functions such as soil conservation and biological diversity. Methods: We conducted our survey in the Tanzawa Mountains of eastern Japan. We surveyed the change in understory vegetation within and outside of three deer exclosures on a single slope with three levels of understory vegetation cover: sparse (1%, exclosure “US”), moderate (30%, exclosure “MM”), and dense (80%, exclosure “LD”) over 10 years after a 30% thinning of an old-growth cedar and cypress plantation which was overgrazed by sika deer. Results: Understory vegetation cover, biomass and species richness increased within and outside the “US” and “MM” exclosures after thinning, and biomass was greater within than outside the exclosures at 10 years after thinning. Unpalatable species dominated both “US” and “MM” exclosures before thinning, and trees and shrubs dominated within the exclosures over time after thinning. In contrast, unpalatable, grazing-tolerant, perennial, and annual species increased outside the “US” and “MM” exclosures. No noticeable changes were observed within and outside the “LD” exclosure when compared with the “US” and “MM” exclosures. Conclusions: Our results suggest that thinning a stand by 30% based on volume resulted in an increase in understory vegetation cover mainly composed of both unpalatable and grazing-tolerant species in a plantation forest where understory vegetation is sparse or moderate and sika deer density is high. We emphasize that establishing deer exclosures or controlling deer is essential to maintaining similar understory vegetation both within and outside exclosures.
A wheel-type in-pipe robot for grinding weld beads

To improve the safety and efficiency of polishing operations in circular boiler headers, a new type of wheel-drive polishing robot was developed in this study. The robot was designed to grind weld beads on the inner walls of pipes in diameter between 550 mm and 714 mm. The robot consists of a moving structure, a positioning structure, and a polishing structure. Charge coupled device (CCD) cameras and line lasers are used in the robot's vision system, thus the robot can be manually controlled to move, locate, and grind quickly and accurately. The experimental results showed that the robot performed well in practical applications.
A review of thickness-induced evolutions of microstructure and superconducting performance of REBa_2Cu_3O_(7–δ) coated conductor

The research and development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) films, especially ReBa_2Cu_3O_(7–δ) (REBCO or RE123; RE = Y, Gd, or other rare earths) yttrium-based coated conductors, has generated widespread interest for the potential applications of the second generation superconducting films. In view of commercialization, however, the maximum superconducting currents for coated conductors should be increased further. Unfortunately, it has been frequently observed that the average critical current density J_c decreases with an increase in film thickness. The thickness effect is still a hurdle for largescale production, especially in pulsed laser deposition and metal organic deposition processes. An engineering current of more than 1 000 A/cm is desired owing to the high cost of 2G superconducting materials. The present work attempts to review the evolution of various issues subject to the thickness effect, including the microstructure, epitaxial texture, surface roughness, pinning force, oxygen deficiency, residual stress, copper-rich layers, and segregation of elements. Furthermore, recent progress in enhancing the performance of superconductors especially in terms of critical current density is illustrated, such as the use of heavy doping. Further understanding of the thickness effect is extremely important for large-scale commercial development of the second generation high temperature superconductors.
Environmental filtering does not necessarily prevent trait divergence: a case study of the Xilin River Basin in Inner Mongolia, China

Aims Understanding how environmental factors and human activity drive plant community assembly remains a major challenge in community ecology. Two opposing processes, namely deterministic environmental filtering and nondeterministic elements such as interspecies competition, can be quantified by analyzing trait distributions in the community-assembly process. Methods We examined the trait-mediated effects of environmental filtering and stochastic process and the distribution over time of nine traits related to vegetative growth, regenerative phase, dispersal capability, decomposition and interspecific competition in plant communities along a degradation gradient in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. We analyzed the turnover of environmental trait filtering and the divergence/ convergence of different traits along the degradation gradient. Important Findings Our results showed the following. (i) The patterns of trait distribution and filtering were strongly dependent upon the degradation gradient and trait types. Most traits were filtered intensely in degraded grasslands. (ii) Plants with two different strategies showed contrasting trait-distribution patterns. The traits that were related to biological matter cycling showed divergent patterns in highly degraded grasslands, while convergent patterns along the overall gradient were demonstrated in traits associated with other plant strategies. This suggests that the coexistence of multiple ‘biological matter cycling-related niches' might be a basic structuring pattern of plant communities in our study area. (iii) The simultaneous occurrence of strong filtering and divergence revealed that environmental filtering does not necessarily prevent competition, and that different traits show different signatures.
Effect of wall jet on the bubble dynamics near a rigid wall

The bubble dynamic near a rigid wall with a wall jet was investigated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method with the volume of fluid(VOF) model,which had been validated by previous experimental data. The effects of different velocities of the wall jet and different stand-off distances on the bubble dynamics were studied. The results show that the bubble is squeezed with the wall jet due to more force added on the bubble. When the velocity of the wall jet increases,the wall and the pressure along the wall at collapse time increase because of the extra push induced by the wall jet. As the stand-off distance increases,the pressure along the wall first increases then decreases although the distance from the bubble to the wall increases.
Diurnal dynamics of soil respiration and the influencing factors for three land-cover types in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, China

Knowledge of soil respiration and the influencing factors in desert ecosystems is essential to understanding carbon dynamics and responses of biotic and abiotic processes in soils to climate change. In this study, soil respiration rate (Rs) for three land-cover types (shifting sandy land, sandy land with straw checkerboard barriers, and shelter forest land) in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert was measured in May 2015 using an automated soil CO_2 flux system. The effects of soil temperature (T_s) and soil water content (Ws) on R_s were also analyzed. The results showed that R_s values in shifting sandy land, sandy land with straw checkerboard barriers, and shelter forest land were all low and exhibited obvious diurnal fluctuations. The establishment of straw checkerboard barriers in sandy land had no significant effect on R_s, while the establishment of shelterbelts significantly increased R_s. Shifting sandy land and sandy land with straw checkerboard barriers were carbon sinks at night and early morning and were carbon sources in the daytime, while shelter forest land always acted as a carbon source during the whole day. The synergistic effect of T_s and W_s could better explain the diurnal dynamics in R_s than single factor. In shifting sandy land and sandy land with straw checkerboard barriers, W_s was identified as a limiting factor influencing the diurnal dynamics of R_s. Furthermore, a relatively strong hysteresis loop existed between R_s and T_s. In contrast, in shelter forest land, R_s was significantly influenced by T_s, and a relatively weaker hysteresis loop existed between R_s and W_s.
Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation (R_s) and vapor pressure deficit of the air (VPD_(air)). Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_(air) both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize's sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_(air) in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration and conductance using meteorological measurements.
柳州市2010-2015学年小学生龋齿患病情况分析

目的分析柳州市2010-2015学年小学生龋齿患病情况以及乳、恒牙龋患程度,为有针对性地预防小学生龋齿提供科学依据。方法利用2010-2015年柳州市中小学生4所监测点校每年1次的学生体质和健康检查资料进行分析。结果2010-2015年柳州市小学生的龋齿率为43.3%,随着年龄的增长,小学生的乳龋患牙率和乳龋补牙率逐渐降低(均有P <0.05);其中8岁及以下年龄组的学生乳龋患牙率最高,达92.0%;而9~11岁年龄组的学生恒龋患牙率最高,达80.7%;从2011年起,小学生乳龋患牙率出现逐渐上升的趋势,而乳龋失牙率和补牙率则是逐渐下降的趋势(均有P<0.05)。结论柳州市小学生的龋齿现状不容乐观,尤其是低龄学生,应当引起重视。
BDNF rescues prefrontal dysfunction elicited by pyramidal neuron-specific DTNBP1 deletion in vivo

Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (Dtnbpl) is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbpl-null mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in behaviors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBP1 expression contributes to clinical relevant features of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbpl knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We demonstrated that DTNBP1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC impaired mouse pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mPFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and PPI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBP1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBP1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and underscore BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
Transporter-Mediated Nuclear Entry of Jasmonoyl-lsoleucine Is Essential for Jasmonate Signaling

To control gene expression by directly responding to hormone concentrations, both animal and plant cells have exploited comparable mechanisms to sense small-molecule hormones in nucleus. Whether nuclear entry of these hormones is actively transported or passively diffused, as conventionally postulated,through the nuclear pore complex, remains enigmatic. Here, we identified and characterized a jasmonate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtJAT1/AtABCG16, which exhibits an unexpected dual localization at the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. We show that AtJAT1 /AtABCG16 controls the cytoplasmic and nuclear partition of jasmonate phytohormones by mediating both cellular efflux of jasmonic acid (JA) and nuclear influx of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-lle), and is essential for maintaining a critical nuclear JA-lle concentration to activate JA signaling. These results illustrate that transporter-mediated nuclear entry of small hormone molecules is a new mechanism to regulate nuclear hormone signaling. Our findings provide an avenue to develop pharmaceutical agents targeting the nuclear entry of small molecules.
金纳米棒在肿瘤分子影像诊断和靶向治疗中的应用

近年来,纳米材料及其表面修饰技术的发展,使以纳米特性为基础设计生物相容性的纳米探针并用于疾病的显像、局部治疗和药物运输成为可能。其中金纳米颗粒可以与DNA、多肽、抗体、放射性核素等相偶联,实现对肿瘤的靶向检测、显像及治疗。此外,纳米颗粒在肿瘤区域具有渗透滞留效应(enhanced permeability and retention,EPR),可促进大分子物质的选择性分布,增加药效并减少系统副作用。在近红外区域(near infrared,NIR),生物组织中的血红蛋白和水对光的吸收最少。金纳米棒(gold nanorods,GNRs)作为金纳米颗粒的典型代表,通过控制合成过程中的反应条件,可调控GNRs的长径比使其纵向等离子共振吸收峰位于此区域,使其具备较高的光热转换效率,可用于光学显像、光热治疗和光控药物释放等。而球形金纳米颗粒由于高度对称的结构,表现为单一的可见光区的等离子共振吸收峰,限制了其在生物体内的一些应用。在此我们主要讨论GNRs在肿瘤的诊断和治疗方面的研究进展,包括GNRs的合成方法、表面偶联化合物、肿瘤的显像和治疗等。
Non-coding Transcripts from Enhancers: New Insights into Enhancer Activity and Gene Expression Regulation

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest in the past decade owing to their enormous amount and surprising functions implicated in a variety of biological processes. Some lncRNAs exert function as enhancers, i.e., activating gene transcription by serving as the cis-regulatory molecules. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that many enhancer elements can be transcribed and produce RNA molecules, which are termed as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). The eRNAs are not merely the by-product of the enhancer transcription. In fact, many of them directly exert or regulate enhancer activity in gene activation through diverse mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of enhancer activity, transcription of enhancer itself, characteristics of eRNAs, as well as their roles in regulating enhancer activity and gene expression.