mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
基于遗传算法的两端线网布线方法

对于给定的布线平面,基于遗传算法的两端线网布线方法首先根据障碍情况对布线平面进行网格化,然后对网格进行编号,用一系列网格序号的有序排列来表示两端点的布线路径,以多条布线路径组成的群体作为优化搜索基础,最后采用遗传算法对此群体进行遗传操作,得到两端线网的最短路径.
蓄电池运行监测与诊断系统

闸述了用于电力系统的蓄电池运行监测与诊断系统对蓄电池组剩余电量估计和故障诊断的基本原理及特点，结合电力系统对蓄电池的实际要求，利用传感技术和光电耦合技术进行蓄电池数据采集，通过对蓄电池组的单电压、总电压、充放电电流和温度的监测，实现对蓄电池组运行情况监测与故障诊断。介绍了以单片机87C552为核心组成的该系统软硬件的设计。
高压变频调速技术在发电厂节能方面的研究与应用

介绍了高压变频调速技术的发展动态和几种实现方案的技术特点对比研究，并针对发电厂现有风机、水泵的运行特点，建议采用多电平变频调速方式，从根本上解决高压变频器的可靠性问题。介绍了两例以多电平方式实现的高压变频调速装置在发电厂中的实际应用，表明在综合指标优良的前提下，节能效果非常显著。
济南市重点污染源烟气在线监测控制系统的开发研究

介绍了济南市重点污染源烟气在线监测控制系统的开发研究工作.重点分析了被测锅炉的选取和监测点位的优选,监测项目和在线监测仪器优选,数据传输网络和监测控制软件的开发研究,烟气在线监测系统的验收方案等四个方面.对烟气在线监测工作的开展有较强的示范意义.
一种新型低温高效破乳剂的研制与应用

针对单管常温输送流程原油破乳剂的缺陷,研制了一种新型低温高效破乳剂XP-1421.该破乳剂是通过亲水亲油平衡值确定、起始剂制备、嵌段式破乳剂的合成与改性、非嵌段式破乳剂的合成及破乳剂的选择、复配与筛选而成的.脱水率及缓蚀率评价表明该破乳剂的水溶性好,脱出水水质高,没有腐蚀性.现场试验采用末端加药,取得了良好的破乳效果.
我国高粱一苏丹草杂交种研究进展及应用前景

综述了近20年我国高粱与苏丹草杂交选育新品种及相关配套技术研究进展.结果表明,高粱与苏丹草进行杂交具有强大的杂交优势,其杂交种具有产量高、品质优、适口性好、抗逆性强、适应性广等突出特点,加速推广应用,对促进我国农业产业结构调整、发展畜牧业、增加农民收入和生态重建具有积极推动作用.
流体粘度对储层岩石流速敏感性的影响

储层岩石的流速敏感性是合理开采油气藏的重要依据.利用标准盐水、中性煤油及不同粘度的精制油作流动介质,研究了不同胶结强度及不同渗透率的储层岩石的流速敏感性.结果表明,流体粘度增加,中等强度胶结和强胶结的中、低渗透率储层岩石的临界速度降低,弱胶结的高渗透率储层岩石的临界速度降低和速敏损害程度增强.
模拟低温胁迫对活性氧代谢保护酶系统的影响--以长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)幼苗为例

为了探讨低温胁迫对长叶竹柏幼苗活性氧代谢保护酶系统的影响,选取长叶竹柏的2龄幼苗为试验材料,模拟零上和零下低温胁迫进行研究.试验结果表明,低温胁迫下,特别是在温度过低和骤冷时,细胞膜脂过氧化作用加剧,细胞膜的选择透性受到伤害,电解质大量外渗,电导率增大.同时,SOD,CAT和POD活性及膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量的测定表明,程度不大的低温胁迫不会对植物造成严重的膜脂过氧化伤害,部分原因可能是SOD,CAT和POD活性的协调一致性.只有极低温,如-10℃,-20℃下,细胞膜才会发生严重的膜脂过氧化作用.
基于Luv色度坐标图像分割方法的孔洞参数计算

针对成像测井解释中孔洞参数定量计算的难点,提出用基于Luv色度坐标进行图像分割的方法来定量计算孔洞的面积、面孔率等相关参数.采用该方法得到的孔洞结果目标区域完整,可以方便地计算出孔洞面积和面孔率等参数.
吸水剖面同位素曲线低幅度异常解释与应用

分析了吸水剖面同位素曲线低幅度异常显示的形成原因,探讨了针对同位素曲线低幅度异常的资料解释方法.应用实例表明,结合动静态、井温、流量资料综合分析修正原解释结论,可提高吸水剖面测井资料的解释精度.
测井曲线在识别陈家庄凸起北部缓坡带层序边界中的应用

针对陈家庄凸起北部缓坡带特殊的沉积、构造特征,应用测井曲线来识别层序边界.应用自然电位和电阻率测井曲线的组合来确定层序边界,可根据自然电位基线强烈偏移、视电阻率的突增或突减等异常现象的出现来判别;利用声波时差和电阻率曲线的叠合,在层序边界处常对应ΔlogR的低谷值;应用累计倾角图来识别层序边界优于常规的地层倾角,累计倾角的一阶导数更能突出异常点的位置.测井曲线应用于识别层序边界,有其自身的优势,在该研究区取得了较好的效果.
坎地沙坦酯的合成

以3-硝基邻苯二甲酸为起始原料,经酯化、卤代、重排、还原、闭环等反应制得抗高血压新药坎地沙坦酯,优化了中间体的制备工艺,并提出了侧链的新法合成工艺.反应总收率7%.
湿地水文学研究进展

水文过程在湿地形成、发育、演替直至消亡全过程中起重要作用.降水截流、径流和蒸散作用是湿地-大气界面水文过程研究的热点和重点,开发的模型较多但尚需进一步检验和完善.片流和明渠流是湿地主要地表径流,其中片流受地形坡度等因素影响而难以精确计算.湿地的地下水文系统对季节性积水湿地尤为重要,但是关于泥炭沼泽的垂向水力联系尚需进一步研究.可持续的湿地水文管理必须将人类活动和气候变化这两个因素纳入湿地综合水文模型,然而目前除少数几个综合模型外,大多数的湿地水文模型并非如此.加强湿地水文观测、多手段多技术相结合和开发综合湿地水文模型应是今后湿地水文学研究的主流.
黄骅坳陷白水头-唐家河地区东营组地层地震模拟及响应曲线分析

根据对黄骅坳陷白水头唐家河地区东营组钻井资料的统计分析,设计了3种不同地质模型,用于分析不同厚度、不同孔隙度和不同流体性质的储层所表现出的地层速度和密度特性,进而通过地震正演模拟研究,得到不同储层参数状况下的响应曲线.分析响应曲线发现,在该地区,当含水砂岩厚度为20m时,其地震反射振幅最大;而含油砂岩在厚度为18m时达到最大.当孔隙度达到22%时,含油砂岩的地震反射振幅会发生极性反转;而含水砂岩在孔隙度为28%时极性反转.这就为该地区的地震储层预测提供了依据.
茎瘤芥生育期光温综合反应敏感性的研究

利用12个茎瘤芥代表品种,进行了7个播期的分期播种试验,以各品种的生育特性在各个播期间的变异方差为指标,研究这些品种对光温综合反应敏感程度及其与主要性状的关系.结果表明:①不同品种、生育期光温综合反应敏感性不同.瘤茎膨大期是光温综合反应最为敏感的时期;参试品种中,营养生长期以96092、96077、96044、98145和96154对光温综合反应最为迟钝,96060、96155最为敏感;出苗至瘤茎膨大始期对光温反应以96118、96077、96044、96155较为迟钝,96060、96140较为敏感;瘤茎膨大期对光温反应以96039、96060较为迟钝,以96155、98140较为敏感.②营养生长期光温反应敏感程度与营养生长期、瘤茎膨大期呈极显著负相关,与出苗至瘤茎膨大始期呈显著正相关;瘤茎膨大期光温反应敏感程度与瘤茎膨大期、株重、瘤茎纵径、营养生长期呈显著或极显著正相关;出苗至瘤茎膨大始期光温反应敏感程度与出苗至瘤茎膨大始期呈极显著正相关,与瘤茎横径呈显著负相关.
黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化机理研究进展

土壤水分是作物生长、植被恢复以及生态环境建设的主要限制性因素.从降雨入渗及再分布、土壤水量转化以及土壤水分动态变化等几方面概述了黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化研究进展,认为应该把坡面土壤-植物-大气作为一个物理上的连续统一体,以大气水、地表水、植物水和土壤水相互转化过程和机制为基础,研究坡面土壤-植被-大气界面水分运动和转化规律,为植被恢复重建提供理论依据.
电压不对称条件下并联电压源型SMES的触发方式

电压不对称条件下超导磁储能（SMES）的触发控制一直是个值得关注的问题，对称触发的SMES会向系统注入负序电流及以二倍频波动的功率，目前关于电压源型变换器不对称触发控制都是以消除负序注入电流为控制目标，文中在详细阐述不对称触发的研究背景的基础上，提出了可以消除有功功率二倍频波动的不对称触发，仿真计算结果表明，采用不对称触发后，SMES向系统注入的有功功率的平均值接近于系统的有功功同求，二倍频分量幅值也明显降低。
可极化球体的椭圆极化特性

电磁波的椭圆极化参数描述了电磁波的矢量特性.计算了在大地电磁场源作用下,均匀半空间中可极化高阻球体、不极化高阻球体、可极化低阻球体、不极化低阻球体的椭圆极化参数,分析对比了相同条件下可极化球体与不极化球体的剖面特性和断面特性.结果表明在相同条件下,极化球体具有明显异常的形态特征.
西北地区水资源配置生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究

西北地区地域广阔,资源丰富,民族众多,在我国的经济建设、社会稳定和国防安全方面都具有重要战略地位,同时又是我国极其重要的生态屏障.50多年来全区经济快速发展的同时,出现了土地荒漠化、水环境污染等种种生态问题,最突出的矛盾是水资源的配置问题,严重制约了社会经济的可持续发展.根据中央确定的"西部大开发"及开发要和生态环境建设相协调的方针,经国务院批准,中国工程院于2001年5月启动了"西北地区水资源配置、生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究"的咨询项目.在深入调查和科学研究的基础上,"西北水资源"项目组认为,为了保证社会经济的可持续发展,必须确立人与自然和谐共存的发展方针,为此必须以水资源的可持续利用,支持社会经济的可持续发展;要统筹全局,合理安排生态环境建设;坚决调整产业结构和转变经济增长方式,建设高效节水防污的经济与社会;在水资源可持续利用和保护生态环境的条件下,相应地合理配置水资源;同时必须实施适当的人口政策,控制人口的过度增长.为此提出了加强水资源的统一管理;退耕还牧还草;加强农业基础地位;发展工矿业,推进城镇化;建立西北地区生态环境建设的部门协调机制等10项战略对策.
内置电加热横流干燥机气流和温度分布的试验研究

为了提高物料干燥的均匀性,探讨新的干燥机形式,本文对内置远红外线电加热管横流干燥机内部气流和温度的分布进行了试验研究,获得了气流和温度的分布规律,分析了主要工作参数(物料层通风量、物料层厚度和物料层长度)对气流和温度分布均匀性的影响
我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来我国北方型裂隙岩溶水流及污染物运移数值模拟方面的研究成果,评述了裂隙岩溶水资源评价和污染物运移模拟的计算方法和模拟技术,其中对一些与数值模拟相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如模型参数识别及其尺度效应问题、数值弥散和数值振荡问题、Non-Darcy流和Non-Fickian运移问题以及随机方法研究等进行了重点评述,对已有的解决办法进行了比较和对照,并探讨了今后的研究趋势.
螺旋霉素高产株的推理选育和工业生产

产二素链霉菌SIPI 9004经自发或诱发的突变和推理选育,得到若干耐药性变种.第六代一株变种10-29,产生螺旋霉素比原始菌株SIPI 9004增产约6倍.该变种应用于工业生产(30 m3发酵罐),发酵效价、总单位和指数三项指标比原来生产菌株F-16分别提高26.1%、33.3%和26.8%.
基于交易的支路潮流和损耗分摊

在输电网开放的双边（多边）交易电力市场中，独拉系统运动员（ISO）应当准确地计算各笔交易在电网的每一条支路上引起的潮流和损耗，一方面为分摊网络成本和损耗提供依据，另一方面向他们提供正确的经济信号，从而激励他们高效地使用电网和降低网损，文中提出一种基于交易的分摊支路潮流和损耗的方法（BPFA），该方法允许各交易选择自己的网损补偿策略（比如增加发电机出力和（或）降低对用户的供电），同时也考虑了节点注入无功功率对支路潮流和损耗的影响，以一个3机7节点的系统为例，分别用BPFA和新近报道的基于交易的支路潮流和网损分摊（TBPF）方法计算两笔转运交易在每一条支路上所引起的有功功率和有功损耗，结果表明BPFA能够反映交易对网络的实际使用程序，从而能够向市场参与者提供更为准确的经济信号，同时计算速度也比TBPF快。
唑来膦酸的合成

咪唑和氯乙酸乙酯通过非均相反应合成咪唑乙酸乙酯,酸性水解得到咪唑乙酸盐酸盐,和三氯化磷、磷酸反应后再水解制得唑来膦酸.原料价廉易得,操作简便,反应总收率36%.
电力市场下的输电阻塞管理技术

汇集了近5年国内外在输电开放与输电阻塞管理方面的研究成果，系统总结了输电阻塞管理的两类主要技术－网络运行优化方法和各种交易模式下的输电计划调整模型及算法的新进展与存在问题，并对输电管理中费用分摊，弹性负荷的影响等进行了讨论。
SARS病毒紫外C杀灭技术

论述了紫外C辐照杀菌消毒原理、优点, 介绍了国内外有关技术和产品状况,并以"等光程面"原理设计了纸币紫外C消毒器光源的抛物柱面灯罩和椭圆柱面灯罩.紫外C辐照杀菌消毒应用面广,可对空气、水、固体表面进行杀菌消毒,可杀菌谱广,对SARS病毒也具有杀灭作用.使用抛物柱面和椭圆柱面灯罩纸币消毒器,可大幅度提高光能量密度,从而提高了杀菌消毒效率.
Present situation and prospects of forest ecological network in Jilin Province, China

This paper makes a brief introduction of the ecological environment, forestry achievements, and the existing questions of Jilin Province. The task of forest ecological network and eight questions demanding prompt solution were discussed based on the present situation of forestry in Jilin Province. The author also made prospects for future application of bio-technique, information technology, new material technology and nuisance-free forest health technology in fores t ecological network.
Advance in the research of sterilants against rodents

The advances in the application of sterilizing techniques against pest rodents in China are introduced in the paper. The development of chemosterilants, improvements of botanic sterilants, production of new steroid hormone sterilants, introduction of immunosterility and excellent properties of the sterilants are outlined. The "Space Occupation Theory" of sterile techniques is advanced after practice. The botanic sterilants with gossypol and trichosanthin as its main agents were screened and successfully applied in the large area control in the northern forest area of China. The safety of sterilants to non-target animals such as rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and chickens was summarized.
TCR—TSC型SVC的非仿射非线性控制器设计

对由晶闸管控制电抗器（TCR）型装置与多个晶闸管开关电容器（TSC）型装置组成的静止无功补偿系统（SVC）建立了一个新的非仿射非线性模型，该模型以晶闸管的触发角为控制量，根据非线性控制的逆系统方法，设计的相应的非线性反馈线性化和极点配置的组合控制器，在控制器的设计中利用插值法导出了一个超越方程函数的具有较高精度的近似计算公式，仿真结果表明了该设计方法的正确性和有效性。
Landslide disaster in the loess area of China

China is the country with most widely distributed loess area in the world, and its loess area accounts of 6.63% of total nation land area. The landslide disaster occurs frequently for complex natural condition and becomes major factors hindering the social and economic development of loess regions. Through different indexes, the authors divided the landslides into 9 principal types and analyzed the distribution characteristics of loess landslide in time and space, the affecting factors and mechanism of landslides. It is pointed out that time and spatial distributions of landslides are closely correlative to topographic and geomorphic conditions, earthquake and rainfall, and the key influencing factors include topography, geomorphology, new tectonic movements, earthquake activity, surface water, ground water and human activities. The authors emphasized that the natural condition of loess areas was favorable to landslides, human activities impelled its occurrence and that controlling the loess landslide was an urgent task for sustainable development in the loess zone.
神经生长因子对坐骨神经挤压伤后的促再生作用

目的:观察肌注神经生长因子(NGF)对大鼠坐骨神经挤压伤后的促再生作用.方法:40只大鼠随机分成NGF高、中、低剂量组,正常对照和模型对照组.距坐骨切迹远端6mm处钳夹坐骨神经,使产生一4mm宽的挤压伤.NGF高、中、低剂量组分别给予8,4和2μg?kg-1(1.6×103,8×102和4×102IU?kg-1)NGF,im,qd,连续56d.手术后不同时间,检测运动神经传导速度(MNCV)、坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)以及进行组织形态学评价.结果:与模型对照组相比,高剂量组在d35和d56,中剂量组在d35的MNCV均显著加快;高、中、低3个剂量组在术后d14后的SFI与模型组相比,均有统计学意义,且高剂量组恢复较明显,至d56各剂量组SFI均无明显差异;组织形态学显示,NGF治疗组神经髓鞘、轴索与正常对照组相比,未见明显差异;而模型组髓鞘出现脱失,细微结构不清晰,许旺氏细胞变性坏死.结论:肌注神经生长因子能明显促进大鼠坐骨神经纤维的再生,促进其神经功能的恢复.
应用ATM网络实现电力系统远程实时监控

提出了电力系统实时决策系统中超远程强实时通信的设计与实现方法，在网络拓扑上采用星形的多智能客户机组／中央服务器群集模式；网络物理载体采用能够提供高带宽和极短时延的基于光放大技术的同步光纤网；在通信方式的选择上，采用基于无确认的方式并且能够提供良好的实时服务的兼容性的ATM技术，通过对可靠性和实时通信时延进行精确估算，表明采用此设计方式，可以满足电力系统实时决策和紧急控制对上千千米超远程通信的可靠性和实时性要求。
高效液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮含量的研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对大豆异黄酮产品进行含量测定,是快捷、准确检测大豆异黄酮含量的方法.结果显示,确定标准样品Daidzin和Genistin作为检测大豆异黄酮的主要成分是有实验根据的,这两种成分占大豆异黄酮总量95%以上,可以代表总体样本.最佳的色谱条件为:色谱柱VP-ODS(Φ4.6 mm×150 mm),流动相VMeOH:VHAc:VH2O(40∶0.5∶60),流速1.5 mL/min,柱温40℃,最适检测波长254 nm.
MODSE模型的生理生化学及组织形态学研究

目的探讨老年多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndromein the elderly,MODSE)的生理生化指标及组织形态学变化特点及其意义.方法本实验采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(cecal ligation puncture,CLP)制作MODSE模型和青年多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)模型,并设立与以上两种模型相应的假手术对照组和未加任何处理的对照组;分别于术后6,12,24,48和72h监测生理生化学指标并同时采用常规HE染色法对各重要器官(心、脑、肺、肝和肾)的组织形态学变化进行研究.结果MODSE组在6h左右就可以观察到器官功能受到损害,24h左右达高峰且持续的时间很长(72h还持续存在),而MODS组则在24h左右才会出现器官功能受损且受损严重程度较MODSE组轻微,48h达高峰.结论MODSE模型的器官功能障碍发生率较高,其器官结构与功能的损害发生亦较早而且严重,此结果为多器官功能衰竭死亡的法医学鉴定提供一定的实验依据.
长期极值统计理论及其在海洋环境参数统计分析中的应用

海洋环境极值参数(如风速、流速、波高、周期等)在海洋工程设计中具有重要意义.利用次序统计和极值理论方面的较新研究成果,从理论上证明了多种统计分布中Weibull分布是最优的,使长期极值统计建立在一个更坚实的基础上;同时引入基于序列统计的最大似然估计方法.利用大量数据,对最小二乘估计方法和最大似然估计法进行对比分析,指出最大似然估计法是精确估计,而最小二乘估计方法是保守估计.
Assessment of impacts of visitors' activities on vegetation in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

In three scenic spots (Golden Whip Crag, General Rock, and Treasure Box for Celestial Books) of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, four sample plots were selected to investigate the number of tree skin scars damaged by visitors and the quantity and species of vegetation. The analysis results indicated that trees located along the sides of roads are seriously cut by visitors, especially in Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream areas. The wounded degree was mainly related to tree species, smoothing degree, and the distance from tree to the edge of roads. The impacting degree of tourism activities on vegetation was confirmed by Impact Vegetation Index (IVI). On the three most visually impacts sites, the range of IVI value varied from 59.4% to 87.5%. This showed that the vegetations of the sides of the trails were impacted seriously. To these problems, some suggestions are proposed for the park's management on visitors.
Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest

Based on the discussion of relationships between thinning and wind damage,and published information, a method for estimating risk ratios of wind dama ge was developed. Estimations of risk-ratio for Pinus thunbergii trees and stand s were deduced from stem bending theory and coefficients characterizing wind pro file, distribution of branches and optical stratification porosity. The results showed that if the value of constant ( in the branch distribution-model equals t he attenuation coefficient αs in the wind profile model for a single tree crown , then the parameter H/D1.33 (height over stem diameter cubed) can be used to co mpare and evaluate the risk-ratio of wind damage for individual trees. The same method can be applied to stands using the coefficient of wind profile in a stand , I.e. Attenuation coefficient α, the coefficient from distributions of optical stratification porosity, I.e. Extinction coefficient ν, and the parameter D1.3 3. The application of parameter H/D1.33 and the process of determining risk rati os of wind damage for stands were also given in the paper.
Shoot tissue culture of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana 

Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana is a transfiguration of Robinia pseudoacacia. For enhancing propagation coefficient of the species, the experiment of shoot tissue culture of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana was conducted in Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University from July 1999 to July 2001. The experiment included medium selection of explant induction survival, initial culture, subculture as well as rooting culture, and forming seedling with callus. The results showed that shoot segment in vitro survive rate is larger in spring than in autumn, and green dense callus could form plantlet. The best medium for initial culture was SH+0.5mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA, with a propagation coefficient of 4.1 (per micro-cutting in a month), and for subculture it was B5+0.5 mg/L BA+0.05 mg/L NAA+ 10 mg/L Glu., with a propagation coefficient of 4.7. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+10 mg/L Glu., with a rooting rate of 84.4%. These results provide reference data for reproduction of superior individuals of Robinia pseudoacacia f. decaisneana.
Seed dispersal pattern and germination test of Rhodiola sachalinensis

The survey of seed dispersal of Rhodiola sachalinensis was carried out in Changbai Mountain in 1997. It was discovered that the dispersal of seed is not equal in all directions, but concentrates in the East and North to the cluster. Rh. sachalinensis seeds for germination test were collected from Changbai Mountains area (Antu County, Jilin Province) and Dahailin Migrating Conservation Base (Dahailing Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province). The seeds were treated with 2% KNO3 for 10h and 0.02% GA3 for 5h immediately after the collection. The germinating rate ((85.33%) of the seeds from Dahailin was obviously higher than that (72.66%) from Changbai Mountains. After being stored at 0-5 (C for 10 months, the seeds were treated again with the same concentration of hormone mentioned above for germination test. The experimental results showed that there was almost no difference in germinating rate between newly collected seeds and 10-month storage seeds, which indicated that low-temperature storage can extend the life of seeds, and that the germinating rate increases with increasing of hormone concentration.
Effect of root derived organic acids on the activation of nutrients in the rhizosphere soil

Four types of soils, including brown coniferous forest soil, dark brown soil, black soil, and black calic soil, sampled from three different places in northeast China were used in this test. The functions of two root-derived organic acids and water were simulated and compared in the activation of mineral nutrients from the rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the organic acids could activate the nutrients and the activated degree of the nutrient elements highly depended on the amount and types of the organic acid excreted and on the physiochemical and biochemical properties of the soil tested. The activation effect of the citric acid was obviously higher than that of malic acid in extracting Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn for all the tested soil types. However, the activation efficiencies of P, K, Ca, and Mg extracting by the citric acid were not much higher, sometimes even lower, than those by malic acid. The solution concentration of all elements increased with increase of amount of the citric acid added.
Relationships between bird communities and vegetation structure in Honghua'erji, northern Inner Mongolia

The survey on bird communities was conducted by the belt-style methodinsix different sample plots in the Honghua'erji Forests area in the northern Inner Mongolia in June 2001 and totally 28 bird species were recorded. Vegetatio n investigation was carried out in five 10 m×10 m quadrats at each plot. The as ymptotic regression function formulae were adopted to identify the relationships between the vegetation coverage and the numbers of bird species and individuals . The analytical results showed that the changes of species number and density o f bird as well as the formation of bird communities follow the changes of forest type and the total foliage. Both the number of bird species and their density d ecreased with the decrease of total foliage. The similarity of bird community wa s very low at the breeding time. In the same classification of cluster, no simil arity was higher than 0.65, which indicated that the composition of species had agreat difference between all the bird communities. The bird breeding density w as closely related to forest growth stage. From the bare grassland ecosystem to climax ecosystem, the density of bird species showed a gradually increasing trend.
Effect of trace elements on growth of Pinus tabulaeformis seedling

The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrat ions at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%～19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%～14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was muc h higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.
森林生态系统健康诊断研究进展及亚高山针叶林健康诊断的思考

本文主要从目标途径、生态系统途径和综合途径三个方面介绍了森林生态系统健康概念及其内涵,并分析了森林生态系统健康的评价指标体系及其标准.、一般认为,不同的森林生态系统健康评估要根据具体的社会经济因素、生物物理环境、森林生态系统的自然属性选择合适的指标体系和标准.考虑到亚高山地区面临的主要任务是生物多样性保护和以水土保持为重点的生态功能恢复,因此采用生态系统学派(强调生态功能)为主进行健康诊断更具有实际意义,据此提出了亚高山针叶林健康状况诊断指标及其方案.
Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe 

Efficient use of timber is a vital concern problem, especially in these regions where the forestry coverage ratio is decreasing. Studies on physical modification of wood have been taken more attention due to the increasing attentions on environmental protection. Thermal modification is emphasized and developed quickly in developing countries, especially in European countries. A large number of researches have been conducted and some industrial production plants have been built. This paper reviewed the history of heat treatment, exemplifies the industrial developments in several European countries, summarized the basic principle of heat treatment and describes the environmental characteristics. The properties of heat-treated wood and its usage are also summed up.
Flora and ecological characteristics of rare plant communities on the southern slope of Shennongjia Mountain

According to the investigation of sampling area of 6800 m~2 on the south slope of Shennongjia Mountain, there were 126 vascular plant species, belonging to 108 genera and 64 families, in the investigated rare plant communities, of which 9 rare plant species were recorded, accounting for 27.3% of the total rare plants. The communities were about 30 m in height and were divided into three layers as tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. The flora of the communities had obvious temperate character. Phanerophytes (accounted for 65.9%), Mesophyllous (62.7%), Papyraceous (84.1%), simple leaf (83.3%), un-entire leaf (69.8%) were dominant in life form, leaf size class, leaf texture, leaf form, and leaf margin respectively. According to important value of species, the communities were divided into three types as Davidia involucrata + Litsea pungens community, Cercidiphyllum japanicum + Padus wilsonii community, and Padus wilsonii + Acer mono community. The indexes of species diversity of tree layer had little difference among communities and evenness was high. The results indicated that the communities had complex structure and relative stability.
Distribution pattern of rare plants along riparian zone in Shennongjia Area

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m * 100 m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200-1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection.
Relationship between drug effects and particle size of insulin-loaded bioadhesive microspheres

AIM: To formulate and characterize insulin-loaded adhesive microspheres (MP) and evaluate drug effects of MPwith various sizes, 120, 350, and 1000 nm in diameter, in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Insulin-loaded MP were formulated by an ionotropic gelation procedure. Particle size distributions were determined byphoton correlation spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The factors that influenced the particle sizes and loadingcapacity were investigated, and the release properties were assessed in vitro. The hypoglycemic effect was inves-tigated by monitoring the plasma glucose level of the alloxan-induced diabetic rats after oral administration. RESULTS:All the MPs with three sizes formulated were in the desired size range, and the loading capacity was 15.3%±1.7 %(120 nm), 32.4 %±2.4% (350 nm), and 53.3%±2.7% (1000nm) respectively. The particle size also had aninfluence on the release property of the MPs. Half an hour later, 25%±4% (120nm), 18.3%±2.4 % (350 nm), and8.6 %±1.3% (1000nm) of insulin were released. MP with different sizes had various degree of hypoglycemiceffects after 10h (P＜0.05 vs control insulin solution). The plasma glucose level of 350 nm size panicles remark-ably decreased 15 h later (P＜0.05 vs 120nm) or 35 h later (P＜0.01 vs others). The relative pharmacologicalavailability was 10.2%±0.5% (120nm), 14.9%±1.3% (350nm), and 7.3%±0.8% (1000 nm) respectively.Particles of 350 nm showed a comparatively higher availability (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Adhesive CS-MP werehelpful in increasing the relative pharmacological bioavailability of insulin, and a distinct advantage of proper particlesize helped to increase the drug effects.
IEC61970标准系列简介

首先从保护用户资源，系统集成，电力市场和新技术4个方面讨论了IEC61970标准的产生背景，然后从美国EPRICCAPI项目开始介绍了该标准的形成过程和各个组成部分目前的情况，阐述了该标准的5个部分的主要内容，最后对该标准的应用情况做了介绍，特别是对国内外基于该标准的互操作实验进行了分析，文中指出IEC61970是电力系统自动化领域一个很重要的标准，应及时跟踪，分析，研究和应用。