mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Optimal location of interline power flow controller for controlling multi transmission line: A new integrated technique

In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used for controlling multi transmission lines. However, the optimal placement of IPFC in the transmis-sion line is a major problem. Thus, we use a combination of tabu search (TS) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) in the proposed method to find out the best placement locations for IPFC in a given multi transmission line system. TS algorithm is an optimization algorithm and we use it in the proposed method to determine the optimum bus combination using line data. Then,using the optimum bus combination, the neural network is trained to find out the best placement locations for IPFC. Finally, IPFC is connected at the best locations indicated by the neural network. Furthermore, using Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm,the transmission line loss of the IPFC connected bus is analyzed. The proposed methodology is implemen-ted in MATLAB working platform and tested on the IEEE-14 bus system. The output is compared with the genetic alg rithm (GA) and general load flow analysis. The results are validated with Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation and gradient descent with momentum network training algorithm.
Line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors versus induction motors: A comparative study

Line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors are suitable candidates for substitution of induction motors in many constant-speed applications. This paper compares steady-state and dynamic performances of these motors. The efficiency, power factor, stator currents, and rotor bars currents are considered for steady-state perfor-mance analysis whereas the rotor speed, electromagnetic torque, and stator and rotor currents are investigated for dynamic performance analysis. For this purpose, time stepping finite element method is used to analyze the performance of motors in both full-load and no-load conditions. Results demonstrate the superior performance of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor in steady-state condition and the improved dynamic perfor- mance of the induction motor. Finally, economic calcula-tions indicate that the extra cost of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor with respect to the induction motor is rapidly compensated by energy saving due to a more eff cient operation.
Simple solutions for photonic power-efficient ultra-wideband system assisted by electrical bandpass filter

We propose and experimentally demonstrate two simple solutions for power-efficient ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency (RF) system assisted by an electrical bandpass filter (EBPF). In the first solution, any optical Gaussian pulse with enough bandwidth is transmitted over optical fiber link, and then converted to a power-efficient UWB pulse by an EBPF with a passband of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The transmission and modulation of UWB signal is processed in optical domain, whereas the generation of UWB is processed in electrical domain. Both UWB modulations of on-off keying (OOK) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) are experimentally demon- strated. In the second solution, the EBPF is used to convert any electrical waveform to a power-efficient UWB pulse. Then the electrical UWB pulse is converted to an optical UWB pulse with a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and then distributed over long haul fiber link. These two solutions embody the advantages of both low-loss long- haul transmission of optical fiber and mature electrical circuits. And the millimeter-wave UWB signal is also demonstrated.
RTDS hardware implementation and simulation of SHAF for mitigation of harmonics using p-q control strategy with PI and fuzzy logic controllers

The main objective of this paper is to develop PI and fuzzy controllers to analyze the performance of instantaneous real active and reactive power (p-q) control strategy for extracting reference currents of shunt active filters (SHAFs) under balanced, unbalanced, and balanced non-sinusoidal conditions. When the supply voltages are balanced and sinusoidal, both controllers converge to the same compensation characteristics. However, if the supply voltages are distorted and/or unbalanced sinusoidal, these controllers result in different degrees of compensation in harmonics. The p-q control strategy with PI controller is unable to yield an adequate solution when source voltages are not ideal. Extensive simulations were carried out with balance, unbalanced, and non-sinusoidal conditions. Simulation results validate the superiority of fuzzy logic controller over PI controller. The three-phase four-wire SHAF system is also implemented on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS hardware) to further verify its effective- ness. The detailed simulation and RTDS hardware results are included.
DSP based fuzzy controller for series parallel resonant converter

In this paper, digital signal processor (DSP) based fuzzy controller for series parallel resonant converter (SPRC) has been estimated, and the performance of the converter is analyzed by using state space model The mthod to predict the steady-state and dynamic perfor-mance of the converter with load independent operation has been presented. The proposed converter has been analyzed with the closed-loop and open-loop conditions. The simple form of transfer function for SPRC is developed, and it is used to analyze the stability of the converter with closed-loop operation. The stability analy- sis of the converter is carried out by using frequency response plan. The fuzzy controller regulates the output voltage with change supply voltage and load disturbance. The controller performance of inductance capacitance inductance - T network (LCL-T) SPRC is compared with inductance inductance capacitance - T network (LLC-T) SPRC through simulation and experimental studies using TMS320F2407 processor.
Towards module-based automatic partitioning of Java applications

When reengineering a monolithic application to be a distributed one, programmers always have to decide how many distributed parts the application should be partitioned, and write many codes related to where a part will be placed on network nodes and how these parts communicate with each other through the network. These codes usually have nothing to do with the business functions of the application, and they are laborious to write. In addition, as the distribution architecture of the application is finalized beforehand, it may not adapt well to the ever-changing execution environment. In this paper, we propose DPartner, an automatic partitioning system, to help programmers create a distributed Java application without explicitly writing the distribution-related codes. Unlike the other partitioning systems, DPartner does not partition an application directly into the coarse-grained client and server. Instead, it first partitions the application into several modules where each module performs a relatively independent business function of the application. Then it makes these modules be distributable through automatic bytecode rewriting. These modules can distribute in different nodes and cooperate to work just as the original monolithic application. Such a module-based partitioning approach enables a relatively easy reshaping of the distribution architecture of an application, which facilitates the application adapt to the environmental changes without manual recoding or repartitioning with regard to distribution. This paper gives the detailed design of DPartner, and evaluates it using real-world applications. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of DPartner.
Improving power system dynamic performance using attuned design of dual-input PSS and UPFC PSD controller

The objective of this work is the coordinated design of controllers that can enhance damping of power system swings. With presence of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device as unified power flow controller (UPFC), three specific classes of the power system stabilizers (PSSs) have been investigated. The first one is a conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS); the second one is a dual-input power system stabilizer (dual-input PSS); and the third one is an accelerating power PSS model (PSS2B). Dual-input PSS and PSS2B are introduced to maintain the robustness of control performance in a wide range of swing frequency. Uncoordinated PSS and UPFC damping controller may cause unwanted interactions; therefore, the simultaneous coordinated tuning of the controller parameters is needed. The problem of coordi-nated design is formulated as an optimization problem, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to search for optimal parameters of controllers. Finally, in a system havi g a UPFC, comparative analysis of the results obtained from application of the dual-input PSS, PSS2B, and CPSS is presented. The eigenvalue analysis and the time-domain simulation results show that the dual-input PSS & UPFC and the PSS2B & UPFC coordination provide a better performance than the conventional single- input PSS & UPFC coordination. Also, the PSS2B & UPFC coordination has the best performance.
A broadband helical loaded square cavity back antenna array

this paper, a fundamental advancement of the basic helix design which expands to array having good bandwidth is proposed. The helix is inserted in a cavity.The result is a new antenna design that offers the performance characteristics and advantages of the conven- tional helix but in a much more compact physical size envelope. A 4-element rectangular helical array has been designed. For miniaturization and impedance matching, the helical wire is replaced by a rectangular cross sectioned strip. It has been observed that when the helix is inserted in a cavity, it behaves differently from a normal helical antenna. The effects of the cavity on the number of turns, the impedance of total antenna, and the reflection coefficient have been analyzed. The array is designed for 2.4 GHz. The return loss obtained is less than - 10 dB and the bandwidth is more than 1.3 GHz for the array.
Experimental verification of chopper fed DC series motor with ANN controller

In this article an artificial neural network (ANN) has been designed for the control of DC series motor through a DC chopper (DC-DC buck converter).The proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-ANN speed controller controls the motor voltage by controlling the duty cycle of the chopper thereby the motor speed is regulated. The PID-ANN controller performances are analyzed in both steady-state and dynamic operating condition with various set speeds and various load torques. The rise time, maximum overshoot, settling time, steady-state error, and speed drops are taken for comparison with conventional PID controller and existing work. The training samples for the neuron controller are acquired from the conventional PID controller. The PID-ANN controller performances are analyzed in respect of various load torques and various speeds using MATLAB simula-tion. Then the designed controllers were experimentally verified using an NXP 80C51 based microcontroller (P89V51RD2BN). It was found that the hybrid PID-ANN controller with DC chopper can have better control co pared with conventional PID controller.
Multi-objective allocation of measuring system based on binary particle swarm optimization

Due to the size and complexity of power network and the cost of monitoring and telecommunication equipment, it is unfeasible to monitor the whole system variables. All system analyzers use voltages and currents of the network. Thus, monitoring scheme plays a main role in system analysis, control, and protection. To monitor the whole system using distributed measurements, strategic placement of them is needed. This paper improves a topological circuit observation method to minimize essential monitors. Besides the observability under normal condition of power networks, the observability of abnormal network is considered. Consequently, a high level of system reliability is carried out. In terms of reliability constraint, identification of bad measurement data in a given measurement system by making theme sure to be detectable is well done. Furthermore, it is maintained by a certain level of reliability against the single-line outages. Thus, observability is satisfied if all possible single line out ges are plausible. Consideration of these limitations clears the role of utilizing an optimization algorithm. Hence, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to minimize monitoring cost and removing unobser-vable states under abnormal condition, simultaneously. The algorithm is tested in IEEE 14 and 30-bus test systems and Iranian (Mazandaran) Regional Electric Company.
Effect of different gas releasing methods on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch cultures

Decreasing hydrogen partial pressure can not only increase the activity of the hydrogen enzyme but also decrease the products inhibition, so it is an appropriate method to enhance the fermentative hydrogen production from anaerobic mixed culture. The effect of biogas release method on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch culture system was compared, i.e.,Owen method with intermediately release, continuous releasing method, and continuous releasing + CO_2 absorbing. The experimental results showed that, at 35°C, initial pH 7.0 and glucose concentration of 10g·L~(-1), the hydrogen production was only 28 mL when releasing gas by Owen method, while it increased two times when releasing the biogas continuously. The cumulative hydrogen production could reach 155 mL when carbon dioxide in the gas stream was continuously absorbed by 1 mol·L~(-1) NaOH. The results showed that acetate was dominated, accounting for 43% in the dissolved fermentation products in Owen method, whereas the butyrate predominated and reached 47%-53% of the total liquid end products when releasing gas continuously. It is concluded that the homoacetogenesis could be suppressed when absorbing CO_2 in the gas phase in fermentative hydrogen production system.
Dynamic behavior of stormwater quality parameters in South Texas

To control water impairment in urban storm-water, it is important to evaluate changing patterns of water quality parameters in stormwater runoff. Thus, the authors performed a series of experiments to investigate the dynamics of common water parameters during storm events in semi-arid areas, with multiple samples collected and analyzed in field stormwater applications. At this field monitoring site within McAuliffe Park, McAllen, Texas, in the United States, a storm event increased the concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli), but this event represented a decreasing trend over the entire event period. Besides, peak intensity of different pollutants in the stormwater runoff occurred at different times other than at any peak flows, representing a complexity of the temporal and spatial measurements. Multi-sample perevent approaches recommended based on the complexity of the hydrograph and different peak intensity times of pollutants. In addition, high bacteria and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the initial stage of the storm event should be considered when designing Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact Developments (LIDs). New strategies and solutions for addressing ecohydrological challenges should be proposed to avoid collateral damages to their both common wealth in ecosystems and human well-beings.
Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion accidents

In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.
Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796,731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR > FR > NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.
Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed waste-water resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L~(-1) for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15-0.30kgN·m~(-3)·d~(-1), pH remained at 7.8-8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100mg·L~(-1).
State versus private sector provision of water services in Armenia

Despite increasing advocacy and adaptation of public-private model of water governance worldwide since the 1990s, today only 5% of the world’s population is served by water utilities with private involvement. The present article examines the experience of the water sector in Armenia with private sector participation. The study describes the process of the introduction of public-private partnerships in the water sector and focuses on analyzing the impact of privatization on water utility performance. The analysis employs the partial indicator method for evaluating the impacts in relation to operational, finance, and environmental performance, done by drawing on the database for the five water companies in Armenia. The empirical evidence shows that private participation in general led to improved overall performance. In particular, private involvement resulted in increased operational efficiency in terms of labor productivity, water metering, continuity of service, and revenue collection efficiency. There were mixed improvements in the operating cost coverage ratio. As for environmental performance, there were gains in the reduction of residential water consumption, accompanied, however, by an increase in nonrevenue water.
Temporal variation of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff from three types of urban surfaces, a parking lot, a street, and a building roof, was monitored during four rainfall events that occurred in the one-year period from June 2009 to June 2010. The event mean concentrations (EMC) of dissolved copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) exceeded China’s National Water Quality Standards for Surface Water. The degree of heavy metal contamination was related to the type of underlying surfaces. Additionally, the concentration of dissolved heavy metals peaked shortly after the runoff began and then declined sharply as a result of adequate flushing. First flush effects of varying degrees were also observed during all of the monitored rainfall events based on the first flush ratio (FF_(25)). Redundancy analysis revealed that four environmental variables (rainfall depth, intensity, antecedent dry weather period and type of underlying surface) had significant effects on the strengths of the first flush effects, accounting for 72.9% oof the variation in the FF_(25). Dissolved metals presented varying first flush effects on different underlying surfaces that occurred in the following relative order: parking lot>roof>road for low intensity and high runoff volume rainfall events; parking lot>road>roof for high intensity and low runoff volume events. The relative strength of the first flush for dissolved heavy metals was Fe, Mn>Cu, Zn>Pb.
Major elements analysis in bituminous coals under different ambient gases by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with PLS modeling

Three major elements, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, in twenty-four bituminous coal samples, were measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Argon and helium were applied as ambient gas to enhance the signals and eliminate the interference of nitrogen from surrounding air. The relative standard deviation of the related emission lines and the performance in the partial least squares (PLS) modeling were compared for different ambient environments. The results showed that argon not only improved the intensity, but also reduced signal fluctuation. The PLS model also had the optimal performance in multi-element analysis using argon as ambient gas. The root mean square error of prediction of carbon concentration decreased from 4.25% in air to 3.49% in argon, while the average relative error reduced from 4.96% to 2.98%. Hydrogen line demonstrated similar improvement. Yet, the nitrogen lines were too weak to be detected even in an argon environment which suggested the nitrogen signal measured in air come from the breakdown of nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere.
Signaling mechanisms integrating carbon and nitrogen utilization in plants

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are two essential nutrients affecting plant growth and development. Plants are non-motile organisms and have evolved highly sophisticated and complex sensing and signaling mechanisms to respond to the dynamic changes of C and N nutrients in their surroundings. C and N metabolism are tightly coordinated to maintain intracellular C/N homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying C/N coordination and balancing in plants remains to be elucidated. It has been suggested that C and N metabolism are modulated by the interaction of C signaling with N signaling or by C/N ratio signaling. This review focuses on cell signaling studies that provide insight into the regulation mechanism of C/N balancing in plants.