mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional coupled vibration and equivalent circuit of longitudinal-longitudinal orthogonal composite vibration direction converter

With the advantages of transmitting energy from multiple directions to one direction and transforming vibration from one source to multiple directions, the two-dimensional vibration direction converter has important applications in power ultrasonic technology. However, for the complexity of using the wave equation to design and analysis the two-dimensional vibration direction converter, a concise equivalent circuit for the converter is investigated. By introducing the two-dimensional mechanical coupling coefficient and the longitudinal force transform coefficient, and using the electromechanical analogy principle, the equivalent circuit and resonance frequency equation of the two-dimensional vibration direction converter vibrating in anti-phase and in-phase two-dimensional coupled vibration are deduced. The resonance frequencies of the vibration direction converters of two different materials are calculated by using the proposed frequency equation, which are in agreement with the results from the finite element method and the experimental test. It provides a concise method for the design and applications of such ultrasonic vibration system.
“空间规划体系改革背景下的学科发展”学术笔谈会

2018年,国务院机构改革方案出台,组建自然资源部,明确“整合相关空间规划职能,建立空间规划体系并监督实施”.空间规划体系的建立,是落实中央生态文明体制改革要求、推进国家治理现代化的重要举措,也必将带来整个规划行业和工作体系的全面变革.城乡规划学科作为应用性学科,具有很强的实践导向性.在国家空间规划体系改革和规划管理机构调整的背景下,规划学科发展可能面临一系列的变革和挑战.
Crucial role of miR-31 in induction of CD8~+ T-cell exhaustion and reinforcement of type 1 interferon signaling

CD8~+ T cells play a key role in the eradication of viral (or bacterial) infections and cancers. When encountering viral antigens derived from an ongoing infection, they quickly undergo a series of activation events required for clonal expansion and acquisition of effector functions for clearance of viral infection. As the infection resolves, the size of the virus-specific T-cell population also shrinks, with effector T cells undergoing activation-induced cell death. Still, a small number of activated virus-specific T cells survive even after clearance of the infection as ‘memory’ T cells, so that the host immune system can handle subsequent infections with the same virus more robustly.1 While the CD8~+ T-cellmediated antiviral immune mechanism is generally fairly effective in eradicating viral infection, certain viruses, for example, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, have a mechanism to evade the immune reaction, resulting in persistent (chronic) infection. In contrast to conventional CD8~+ memory T cells, virus-specific CD8~+ T cells in the host with a persistent (chronic) infection are often found to be functionally impaired; this type of immune dysfunction is known as ‘T-cell exhaustion.’2 The high-level expression of diverse inhibitory receptors (for example, PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3 and so on) is a hallmark of exhausted T cells; the high-level expression of diverse inhibitory receptors is caused by alterations in the epigenetical and transcriptional mechanisms. In addition, it is generally accepted that longterm exposure of activated T cells to type I interferon (IFN-α/β) is closely linked to T-cell exhaustion.
An apoptosis-independent role of TRAIL in suppressing joint inflammation and inhibiting T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis(RA), primarily due to its ability to promote apoptosis in synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism and role of TRAIL in inflammatory arthritis. We created an animal model of inflammatory arthritis and demonstrated that TRAIL significantly inhibited joint inflammation and reduced the severity of arthritis. The suppression of joint inflammation was not due to the TRAIL-mediated induction of apoptosis in T cells, macrophages or synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, TRAIL directly inhibited T-cell proliferation and suppressed the production of cytokines, which indicated that TRAIL exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by direct inhibition of T-cell activation. Moreover, TRAIL receptor(TRAIL-R)-knockout mice developed more severe disease, and the protective effects of TRAIL were abolished in the experimental arthritis model in TRAIL-R knockout mice. From these results, we conclude that TRAIL suppresses joint inflammation via an apoptosis-independent pathway and directly inhibits T-cell activation. Our results provide a novel apoptosis-independent, immune regulatory role for TRAIL in suppressing inflammatory arthritis and shed light on the development of effective new therapies for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
Contributions of natural systems and human activity to greenhouse gas emissions

In this study, we conducted a literature review of relevant research and then statistically analyzed global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from natural systems, including forest fires, oceans, wetlands, permafrost, mud volcanoes, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Drawing on the Global Carbon Project(GCP) report, we also summarized the global anthropogenic GHG emissions. We then compared the global annual GHG emissions from natural systems with those generated by human activity. The results indicate that the global annual GHG emissions range approximately between 54.33 and 75.50 Gt CO_2-eq, of which natural emissions account for 18.13e39.30 Gt CO_2-eq, with the most likely value being approximately 29.07 Gt CO_2-eq. According to the GCP report, the global anthropogenic emissions have increased from 22 Gt CO_2-eq in 1990 to 36.2 Gt CO_2-eq in 2016. The amounts of natural and anthropogenic GHGs emissions are roughly of the same order of magnitude. Anthropogenic emissions account for approximately 55.46% of the total global GHGs emissions(2016 value), i.e., the ratio of natural to anthropogenic emissions is approximately 0.8. In addition, the annual amount of GHGs absorbed by Earth systems(ocean and terrestrial ecosystems) ranges between approximately 14.4 Gt CO_2-eq and 26.5 Gt CO_2-eq, with natural system GHG emissions and sinks also having roughly the same order of magnitude. This finding indicates that the GHG emissions generated by human activity exert extra pressure on what is otherwise a self-balancing Earth system.
Machine Learning Models for Genetic Risk Assessment of Infants with Non-syndromic Orofacial Cleft

The isolated type of orofacial cleft, termed non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), is the second most common birth defect in China, with Asians having the highest incidence in the world. NSCL/P involves multiple genes and complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, imposing difficulty for the genetic assessment of the unborn fetus carrying multiple NSCL/P-susceptible variants. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered dozens of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in different ethnic populations, the genetic diagnostic effectiveness of these SNPs requires further experimental validation in Chinese populations before a diagnostic panel or a predictive model covering multiple SNPs can be built. In this study, we collected blood samples from control and NSCL/P infants in Han and Uyghur Chinese populations to validate the diagnostic effectiveness of 43 candidate SNPs previously detected using GWAS. We then built predictive models with the validated SNPs using different machine learning algorithms and evaluated their prediction performance. Our results showed that logistic regression had the best performance for risk assessment according to the area under curve. Notably, defective variants in MTHFR and RBP4, two genes involved in folic acid and vitamin A biosynthesis, were found to have high contributions to NSCL/P incidence based on feature importance evaluation with logistic regression. This is consistent with the notion that folic acid and vitamin A are both essential nutritional supplements for pregnant women to reduce the risk of conceiving an NSCL/P baby. Moreover, we observed a lower predictive power in Uyghur than in Han cases, likely due to differences in genetic background between these two ethnic populations. Thus, our study highlights the urgency to generate the HapMap for Uyghur population and perform resequencing-based screening of Uyghur-specific NSCL/P markers.
On the Global Convergence of a Projective Trust Region Algorithm for Nonlinear Equality Constrained Optimization

A trust-region sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is developed and analyzed for the solution of smooth equality constrained optimization problems. The trust-region SQP algorithm is based on filter line search technique and a composite-step approach, which decomposes the overall step as sum of a vertical step and a horizontal step. The algorithm includes critical modifications of horizontal step computation. One orthogonal projective matrix of the Jacobian of constraint functions is employed in trust-region subproblems. The orthogonal projection gives the null space of the transposition of the Jacobian of the constraint function. Theoretical analysis shows that the new algorithm retains the global convergence to the first-order critical points under rather general conditions. The preliminary numerical results are reported.
现代胸部战伤分级救治的专家共识

历次战争中,胸部战伤发生率占伤员总数的4.4%~33.0%,是战伤阵亡和伤死的重要原因,占所有可预防战伤伤亡原因的1%~3%。在近年美军主导的自由伊拉克行动(Operation Iraqi Freedom,OIF)和持久自由行动(Operation Enduring Freedom,OEF)中,胸部战伤呈现与既往战伤不同的流行病学特点和救治需求。我军目前尚没有统一的现代战争条件下的胸部战伤救治规范,因而我们组织全军胸心外科专业委员会、陆军军医大学、海军军医大学、军事医学科学院等单位的相关专家编写了《现代胸部战伤分级救治的专家共识》,以期为我军胸部战伤的救治提供借鉴的标准。
The impact of spatial scale on local Moran's I clustering of annual fishing effort for Dosidicus gigas off shore Peru

The spatial scale (fishing grid) of fisheries research affects the observed spatial patterns of fisheries resources such as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and fishing effort. We examined the scale impact of high value (HH) clusters of the annual fishing effort for Dosidicus gigas off shore Peru from 2009 to 2012. For a multi-scale analysis, the original commercial fishery data were tessellated to twelve spatial scales from 6' to 72' with an interval of 6'. Under these spatial scales, D . gigas clusters were identified using the Anselin Local Moran's I. Statistics including the number of points, mean CPUE, standard deviation (SD), skewness, kurtosis, area and centroid were calculated for these HH clusters. We found that the z-score of global Moran's I and the number of points for HH clusters follow a power law scaling relationship from 2009 to 2012. The mean effort and its SD also follow a power law scaling relationship from 2009 to 2012. The skewness follows a linear scaling relationship in 2010 and 2011 but fluctuates with spatial scale in 2009 and 2012; kurtosis follows a logarithmic scale relationship in 2009, 2011 and 2012 but a linear scale relationship in 2010. Cluster area follows a power law scaling relationship in 2010 and 2012, a linear scaling relationship in 2009, and a quadratic scaling relationship in 2011. Based on the peaks of Moran's I indices and the multi-scale analysis, we conclude that the optimum scales are 12' in 2009-2011 and 6' in 2012, while the coarsest allowable scales are 48' in 2009, 2010 and 2012, and 60' in 2011. Our research provides the best spatial scales for conducting spatial analysis of this pelagic species, and provides a better understanding of scaling behavior for the fishing effort of D . gigas in the off shore Peruvian waters.
Response of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis to acute temperature challenge: physiological and biochemical parameters

Water temperature is generally considered to be a major factor affecting the physiological and biochemical activities of marine bivalves. Here, the physiological and biochemical responses of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis , to acute water temperature changes in summer were studied. Scallops were transferred directly to a lower temperature (T_(dec) treatment) (from 23°C to 15°C) or to a higher temperature (T inc treatment) (from 15°C to 23°C) for 72 h, respectively. Results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of P . yessoensis decreased significantly in the T_(dec) treatment but increased dramatically at 6 h in the T inc treatment (P <0.05). In the T_(dec) treatment, hepatopancreas antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, increased substantially within 72 h (P <0.05). However, a significant decrease in CAT activity was found at 12 h in the T inc treatment (P <0.01). A significant enhancement of acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected when scallops were acutely exposed to a temperature of 15°C. The levels of Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression in their gills up-regulated significantly in response to acute temperature changes (P <0.01). These data suggest that acute temperature change affects physiological and biochemical functions, and improve our knowledge of P . yessoensis under conditions of thermal stress.
Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of a new population of Urostyla grandis (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from Harbin, China

A new population of Urostyla grandis , collected from a freshwater pond of northeastern China was investigated by living observation, silver impregnation, and molecular phylogeny based on small subunit ribosomal rRNA (SSU rRNA). Besides, its ultrastructural characteristics were investigated carefully by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Complementary descriptions of some inner ultrastructures were provided and some new organelles were also found. Especially, the oral inner microtubule system was illustrated by SEM and TEM for the first time and a new type extrusome was reported. These results may supply complement taxonomic data and ingestion mechanism on ciliates in genus Urostyla .
Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because fish live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the influence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the effects of stocking density. The fish were reared for 220 days at five densities (A: 24 kg/m~3 ; B: 21 kg/m~3 ; C: 15 kg/m~3 ; D: 9 kg/ m~3 and E: 6 kg/m~3). The results show that 30 kg/m~3 might be the maximum density which RAS can afford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m~3 have no effect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and weight gain in the high density group were significantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate (FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T 3 and GH showed significant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone (T_3), GH (growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no effects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise efficient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.
Formation and evolution of the tertiary carbonate reefs in the Madura Strait Basin of Indonesia

Analysis of 2D seismic data over 4 500 km in length from the Madura Strait Basin in the East Java Sea reveals seismic reflection characteristics of reefs and associated sedimentary bodies, including asymmetrical or symmetrical dome reflections, slope progradational reflections, chaotic reflections and discontinuous strong reflections inside the reef, which onlap the flank of the reef. It is concluded that the developmental paleo-environment of most reefs is mainly conducive to shallow marine carbonate platform facies and platform margin facies, based on well core data, variations in seismic facies and strata thickness. The formation and evolution of all reefs are primarily influenced by the tectonic framework of the Madura Strait Basin. Platform margin reefs are principally controlled by two types of structures: one is a series of E-W trending Paleogene normal faults, and the other is an E-W trending Neogene inversion structures. In addition, wave actions, tidal currents and other ocean currents play an accelerated role in sorting, rounding and redeposition for the accumulation and evolution of reefs. Tertiary reefs in the MSB can be divided into four types: 1) an open platform coral reef of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 2) a platform margin coral reef controlled by normal faults in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 3) a platform margin Globigerina moundreef controlled by a “hidden” inversion structure in Early Pliocene, and 4) a platform margin Globigerina mound-reef controlled by thrust faults in the early Pliocene. Patterns of the formation and evolution of reefs are also suggested.
Active fault-tolerant tracking control of a quadrotorwith model uncertainties and actuator faults

This paper presents a reliable active fault-tolerant tracking control system (AFTTCS) for actuator faults in a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (QUAV). The proposed AFTTCS is designed based on a well-known model reference adaptive control (MRAC) framework that guarantees the global asymptotic stability of a QUAV system. To mitigate the negative impacts of model uncertainties and enhance system robustness, a radial basis function neural network is incorporated into the MRAC scheme for adaptively identifying the model uncertainties online and modifying the reference model. Meanwhile, actuator dynamics are considered to avoid undesirable performance degradation. Furthermore, a fault detection and diagnosis estimator is constructed to diagnose lossof- control-effectiveness faults in actuators. Based on the fault information, a fault compensation term is added to the control law to compensate for the adverse effects of actuator faults. Simulation results show that the proposed AFTTCS enables the QUAV to track the desired reference commands in the absence/presence of actuator faults with satisfactory performance.
Evaluation of host resistance and fungicide application as tools for the management of root rot of field pea caused by Aphanomyces euteiches

Aphanomyces root rot(ARR) of field pea(Pisum sativum), caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, can cause severe root damage, wilting, and large yield losses under wet soil conditions. To identify ways to manage this disease, the effect of A. euteiches inoculum density on field pea was studied under greenhouse and field conditions in 2015 and 2016. Increases in inoculum density reduced seedling emergence, root nodulation, and plant vigor, and resulted in increased root rot severity in both field and greenhouse tests. Seed treatments with the fungicides Apron Advance(thiabendazole + fludioxonil + metalaxyl) + Vibrance(difenoconazole + metalaxyl-M + sedaxane), INTEGO Solo(ethaboxam), BAS 516F(boscalid + pyraclostrobin), BAS 720F(metalaxyl + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad), and BAS 516F + BAS 720F(3:1) were evaluated for their efficacy against ARR. All seed treatments except Apron Advance + Vibrance reduced root rot severity under controlled conditions. BAS 516F, BAS 720F and INTEGO Solo improved plant vigor and all treatments reduced seedling blight to varying degrees under greenhouse conditions, but not in the field. A collection of 22 pea genotypes was evaluated for resistance to root rot in field plot experiments. Line 00–2067 showed the least severe root rot symptoms, whereas ‘Spring D' showed the lowest reduction in yield. The results suggest that there may be an opportunity to combine partial host resistance and fungicidal seed treatments to adequately manage ARR of field pea.
Evaluation of maize inbred lines and topcross progeny for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination occurs in maize following kernel colonization by Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin contamination resistance is a highly desired trait in maize breeding programs. The identification of novel sources of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a major focus in germplasm screening efforts. Here, we performed a field evaluation of 64 inbred lines over two years for pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. Topcrosses were also performed with two testers, B73 and Mo17, to generate 128 F 1 hybrids which were also evaluated over two years. Hybrid performance was used to calculate both general combining ability(GCA) of the inbreds, and observed heterosis for aflatoxin resistance. Over both years of the study, aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 80 ± 47 to 17,617 ± 8816 μg kg~(–1) for inbreds, and from 58 ± 39 to 2771 ± 780 μg kg~(–1) for hybrids with significant variation between years and lines. The inbred lines CML52, CML69, CML247, GT-603, GEMS-0005, Hi63, Hp301, and M37 W showed <1000 μg kg –1 of aflatoxin accumulation in both years of the study and less than the resistant check, Mp313E, in at least one season. Among these, CML52, GT-603, and Hi63 also showed significant GCA with the testers in hybrid progeny. CML52, GT-603, and M37 W also showed heterotic effects of –13.64%, –12.47%, and – 24.50%, respectively, with B73 resulting in reduced aflatoxin contamination. GT-603 also showed a similar heterotic effect for aflatoxin contamination, –13.11%, with Mo17 indicating that this line may serve as a versatile source of aflatoxin contamination resistance in breeding programs.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with exogenous calcium improves the growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings under continuous cropping

The growth and yield of peanut are negatively affected by continuous cropping. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca~(2+)) have been used to improve stress resistance in other plants, but little is known about their roles in peanut seedling growth under continuous cropping. This study investigated the possible roles of the AMF Glomus mosseae combined with exogenous Ca~(2+) in improving the physiological responses of peanut seedlings under continuous cropping. G. mosseae combined with exogenous Ca~(2+) can enhance plant biomass, Ca~(2+) level, and total chlorophyll content. Under exogenous Ca~(2+) application, the F_v/F_m in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plant leaves was higher than that in the control plants when they were exposed to high irradiance levels. The peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in AM plant leaves also reached their maximums, and accordingly, the malondialdehyde content was the lowest compared to other treatments. Additionally, root activity, and content of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly increased in AM plant roots treated by Ca~(2+) compared to either G. mosseae inoculation or Ca~(2+) treatment alone. Transcription levels of AhCaM, AhCDPK, AhRAM1, and AhRAM2 were significantly improved in AM plant roots under exogenous Ca~(2+) treatment. This implied that exogenous Ca~(2+) might be involved in the regulation of G. mosseae colonization of peanut plants, and in turn, AM symbiosis might activate the Ca~(2+) signal transduction pathway. The combination of AMF and Ca~(2+) benefitted plant growth and development under continuous cropping, suggesting that it is a promising method to cope with the stress caused by continuous cropping.