mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
3D crumbled MXene for high-performance supercapacitors

MXene materials have recently attracted considerable attention in energy storage application owing to their metallic conductivity, 2D structure and tunable surface terminations. However, the restacking of 2D MXene nanosheets hinders the ion transport and accessibility to the surface, resulting in adverse effect on their electrochemical performances. Here, with the assistance of hexamethylenetetramine (C_6H_(12)N_4), 2D Ti_3C_2T_xMXene nanosheets were fabricated into a 3D architecture with crumbled and porous structure through an electrostatic self-assembly followed by annealing. The resultant 3D structure can expose massive active sites and facilitates the ion transport, which is beneficial for sufficient utilization of the outstanding superiorities of the MXene. Therefore, as a pseudocapacitive material, the 3D crumpled and porous Ti_3C_2T_x MXene shows a gravimetric capacitance of 333 F/g at 1 A/g, and maintains 261 F/g and 132 F/g at ultrahigh current densities of 100 A/g and 1000 A/g, respectively, revealing promising potential for application in supercapacitors.
Research progress on transition metal oxide based electrode materials for asymmetric hybrid capacitors

In the past fewyears, the increasing energy consumption of traditional fossil fuels has posed a huge threat to human health. It is very imperious to develop the sustainable and renewable energy storage and conversion devices with low cost and environment friendly features. Hybrid supercapacitors are emerging as one of the promising energy devices with high power density, fast charge-discharge process and excellent cycle stability. However, morphology and structure of the electrode materials exert serious effect on their electrochemical performances. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in transition metal oxide based electrode materials for supercapacitors. Different synthesis routes and electrochemical performances of electrode materials and storage mechanisms of supercapacitor devices have been presented in details. The future developing trends of supercapacitor based on metal oxide electrode materials are also proposed.
软磁磁粉芯和烧结软磁材料:结构、性能、特点和应用

磁粉芯的制备工艺主要是基于粉末冶金工艺,文献中甚至就叫PM工艺,即粉末冶金工艺。这主要是因为,磁粉芯的制备工艺是从粉末烧结软磁体过渡而来的。我们知道,粉末烧结软磁体的生产工艺就是典型的粉末冶金工艺,只是在制备粉末烧结软磁体时未对粉末进行绝缘包覆处理,而在制备磁粉芯时,增加了一道粉末颗粒表面绝缘处理工艺,但是整个工艺过程还是沿用了粉末冶金的工艺路线。
面向图像空间信息度量的玻尔兹曼熵

信息论诞生于20世纪40年代,是通信领域的核心理论基础,同时也在众多学科中广泛应用,形成了诸如生物信息学、化学信息学、神经信息学、生态信息学、地球信息学等一系列的交叉学科。信息论中最基本的科学问题是信息的度量,最广泛使用的、最受认可的度量方法是由克劳德·香浓(Claude Shannon)于1948年提出的香浓熵。熵的概念源于热力学,是无序程序(语法信息)的度量标准。香浓熵是一种基于数据成分之比例(即直方图)的指数,因此其测度的结果往往被称为统计信息。
Displacement of surrounding rock in a deep circular hole considering double moduli and strength-stiffness degradation

The problem of cavity stability widely exists in deep underground engineering and energy exploitation. First, the stress field of the surrounding rock under the uniform stress field is deduced based on a post-peak strength drop model considering the rock's characteristics of constant modulus and double moduli. Then, the orthogonal non-associative flow rule is used to establish the displacement of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli, respectively, considering the stiffness degradation and dilatancy effects in the plastic region and assuming that the elastic strain in the plastic region satisfies the elastic constitutive relationship. Finally, the evolution of the displacement in the surrounding rock is analyzed under the effects of the double modulus characteristics, the strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy. The results show that the displacement solutions of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli have a unified expression. The coefficients of the expression are related to the stress field of the original rock, the elastic constant of the surrounding rock, the strength parameters, and the dilatancy angle. The strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy effects all have effects on the displacement. The effects can be characterized by quantitative relationships.
Morphological and phylogenetical analysis reveals that a new tapeworm species(Cestoda:Hymenolepididae)from whooper swan belongs to Cloacotaenia not Hymenolepis

During a helminthological study of waterfowl in China, a new species(Cloacotaenia cygnimorbus sp.nov.)of hymenolepidid cestodes(tapeworm)was found in the small intestine of whooper swan(Cygnus cygnus, Linnaeus,1758).The rudimentary rostellum and four unarmed muscular suckers, proglottids with distinct craspedote and three spherical testes were coincident with the characters of Cloacotaenia or Hymenolepis, but phylogenetic analysis of 28S rRNA and cox1 gene revealed that the new species is Cloacotaenia rather than Hymenolepis .Its morphology was also clearly differentiated from C.megalops in the arrangement of its testes in a triangle instead of in line and the cirrus unarmed rather than spined.Compared with C.megalops, the new species has more elongated neck, much larger mature proglottids and much smaller testes, cirrus sac, ovary, vitellarium and uterine proglottid.In addition, it infected the host intestine not the cloacae.Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 gene of the new species shows that it had a level of sequence variation(10.52-23.06%)with the sequences of C.megalops .The considerable morphological and molecular differences between those two parasites support C.cygnimorbus sp.nov.as a new species.
Viability of recalcitrant Araucaria angustifolia seeds in storage and in a soil seed bank

Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil.The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank storage is compromised for this species, as it is sensitive to desiccation.Furthermore, in situ establishment of a soil seed bank in its natural habitat may be limited.This study evaluates the storability of two provenances of A.angustifolia seeds and their behavior in an artificial soil seed bank in two forest environments(understory and edge).Results show that both seed provenances may be stored at 5 °C for approximately 12 months, retaining high viability.The subsequent decrease in germination was associated with a reduction and an increase in seed water content, as well as with increased electrical conductivity.In the understory environment, seed viability was above 85% for the first 60 days, and at the end of the experiment(270 days), seedlings emerged.However, at the forest edge, there was a total loss of seed viability after 120 days associated with a reduction in water content and high predation.It is concluded, therefore, that short-term storage of A.angustifolia seeds is possible in a cold room, which is fundamental to supply seed demand outside the production period.Forest cover conservation is important for regeneration and conservation of the species.
The influence of soil compaction in explaining spatial heterogeneity of different larch forest types:a preliminary study

Compacted soil has an adverse effect on plant roots and affects water and nutrient availability.However,different degrees of soil compaction may be suitable for growth and development of different understory species.This study determined whether soil compaction could explain characteristics of 10 different Dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)forest types in the Daxing'anling area.The relationship of soil compaction to soil depth was also studied.Forty-five tests were conducted on soil compaction of the 10 forest types with multiple comparisons, of which five showed no significant differences.At different soil depths, there were significant differences in soil compaction among forest types.The correlation between the degree of soil compaction and depth was positive and significant.The Larix gmelinii-shrub forest type, L.gmelinii-herb forest type, and L.gmelinii-swamp forest type were significantly different in soil compaction according to soil depth.This research indicates that, as a physical property, soil compaction may be used to explain forest distribution spatial variabilities.
Roles of abscisic acid and gibberellins in maintaining primary and secondary dormancy of Korean pine seeds

Primary dormancy of seeds of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)after dispersal in the autumn and the induction of secondary dormancy the first summer following seed dispersal limit the regeneration of mixed broadleaved Korean pine forests in Northeast China.This study was to determine how changes in the levels of abscisic acid(ABA)and gibberellic acid(GA)maintain primary and secondary dormancy of Korean pine seeds under germination conditions.We transferred seeds with one of five primary dormancy states or three secondary dormancy states to germination conditions and measured changes in the levels of ABA, GA_(1+3)(GA_1 and GA_3 )and GA_(4+7)(GA_4 and GA_7 )in the seed coat, megagametophyte and embryo during incubation.Seed coat ABA levels in primary dormant seeds(PDS)and ABA levels in various parts of secondary dormant seeds(SDS)gradually declined during incubation but were still higher than in seeds for which dormancy was progressively released.GA_(4+7)and GA_(1+3)levels in embryos greatly decreased 35% and 24%, respectively, during incubation of SDS, and thus, the ratio of ABA to GA_(4+7)in embryos and megagametophytes significantly increased.The ratio of ABA to GA_(1+3)in various parts of SDS increased slightly during incubation.In contrast, in seeds for which secondary dormancy was already released, GA_(4+7)and GA_(1+3)levels in the embryo, GA_(4+7)/ABA ratio in the embryo and seed coat,and the GA_(1+3)/ABA in the embryo and megagametophyte significantly increased during incubation.There was no trend in the changes in the levels of ABA, GA_(4+7)or GA_(1+3)in embryos and megagametophytes of PDS or the levels of GA_(4+7)or GA_(1+3)in megagametophytes of SDS during incubation.The results suggest that high ABA levels in the seed coat maintain primary dormancy of Korean pine seeds.Maintenance of secondary dormancy involves a reduction of GA_(4+7), GA_(1+3), GA_(4+7)/ABA, and GA_(1+3)/ABA and the retention of high ABA levels.
Survivorship, attained diameter, height and volume of three Paulownia species after 9 years in the southern Appalachians,USA

Little is known of the tree and stand dynamics of varied species of planted Paulownia left unmanaged until harvest in the southeastern United States.We sought to remedy this lack of information needed by land managers to make informed decisions by investigating differences in survivorship, attained diameter breast height(DBH), diameter at ground level, total height, tree volume and standlevel volume yields of planted P.elongata, P.fortunei, and P.tomentosa in the cool-moist environment of the southern Appalachian Mountains.After 9 years, combined-species survivorship was only 27.3%.Low survivorship was likely related to several inclement weather events.P.fortunei was significantly smaller in DBH and total height.Three combined-species stem(bole)volume models were developed as functions of(1)DBH squared,(2)the product DBH squared and total height, and(3)the product diameter ground line squared and total height.Mean total volume production of unmanaged stands was greatest for P.elongata and P.fortunei 4 years after planting;by the 9th year, total volume of P.elongata was greater than the other two species.Results of our study provide managers information on productivity of three species of Paulownia that can be used for estimating plantation yields.
Similarity between seed rain and neighbouring mature tree communities in an old-growth temperate forest

Seed distribution and deposition patterns around parent trees are strongly affected by functional traits and therefore influence the development of plant communities.To assess the limitations of seed dispersal and the extent to which diaspore and neighbouring parental traits explain seed rain, we used a 9-year seed data set based on 150 seed traps in a 25-ha area of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain.Among 480,598 seeds belonging to 12 families,17 genera, and 26 species were identified, only 54% of the species with mature trees in the community were represented in seeds collected over the 9 years, indicating a limitation in seed dispersal.Understory species were most limited;overstory species were least limited.Species with wind-dispersed seed had the least limitation, while the lowest similarity in species richness was for animal-dispersed species followed by gravity-dispersed species;fleshy-fruited species had stronger dispersal limitations than dry-fruited species.Generalized linear mixed models showed that relative basal area had a significant positive effect on seed abundance in traps, while the contribution of diaspore traits was low for nearly all groups.These results suggest that tree traits had the strongest contribution to seed dispersal and deposition for all functional groups examined here.These findings strengthen the knowledge that tree traits are key in explaining seed deposition patterns, at least at the primary dispersal stage.This improved knowledge of sources of seeds that are dispersed could facilitate greater understanding of seedling and community dynamics in temperate forests.
合并自身免疫性疾病患者在围手术期中应用糖皮质激素的体会

回顾性分析天津市第一中心医院收治的3例合并自身免疫性疾病患者在围手术期中应用糖皮质激素的临床资料。结果表明,长期接受糖皮质激素治疗的患者在围手术期应常规使用超生理剂量的糖皮质激素作为补充剂量。另外,围手术期使用激素治疗的患者应在2 ~3 d内减少到通常的每日剂量,而不建议完全停药。
Dominance-caused differences in transpiration of trees in a Karst broadleaved mixed forest

Estimating stand transpiration of natural forests using traditional methods through up-scaling of sap flux density from sample trees based on stand sapwood area only is difficult because of the complexity of species, ages, and hierarchical structure of natural forests.To improve stand transpiration estimation, we developed an up-scaling method by considering the tree dominance effect based on the assumption that individual tree transpiration is affected by crown dominance and species, in addition to factors previously considered such as meteorological conditions, sapwood area,and soil moisture.In this study, the meteorological factors,soil moisture, and sap flux density of 15 sample trees of different species and dominance in a natural evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest were simultaneously monitored from March 2012 to February 2014 in the Karst mountain region in southwestern China.After establishing a single tree transpiration model which considers the effects of dominance and species, an up-scaling method was explored to estimate stand transpiration.The results show that the transpiration intensity increased exponentially with increasing tree dominance.The contribution to annual stand transpiration from a few dominant trees(5.4% of trees, 28.2% of basal area)was up to 65.0%.The corresponding contribution was 16.2% from sub-dominant trees(7.6% of trees, 16.2% of basal area)and 22.8% from middleand lower-layer trees(87.0% of trees, 55.6% of basal area).The variation of individual tree transpiration was mainly(97.9%)explained by tree dominance, but very weakly by tree species.The estimated annual stand transpiration was 300.2 mm when using the newly developed method which considers tree dominance, 52.5 mm(14.9%)lower than the estimation(352.7 mm)of traditional method which considers only the sapwood area effect, and 8.5 mm(2.7%)lower than the estimation(308.6 mm)which considers the effects of both species composition and sapwood area.The main tree characteristics affecting stand transpiration are tree size(sapwood area)and dominance.Consideration of tree dominance will significantly improve stand transpiration estimation and provide a more solid basis for guiding integrated forest-water management at stand scale.
Nitrogen resorption and fractionation during leaf senescence in typical tree species in Japan

In northeastern Japan, an area of high precipitation and mountains, beech(Fagus creanata Blume), larch(Larix kaempferi Lamb.), cedar(Cryptomeria japonica D.Don)and black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)were evaluated for N resorption and N isotope fractionation in preand post-abscission leaves in comparison to green leaves.The highest leaf N concentration in summer corresponded to the N-fixing black locust, followed in decreasing order by the deciduous beech and larch and evergreen cedar.On the other hand, the lowest N resorption efficiency corresponded to black locust and the highest to beech, in increasing order by larch and cedar.All tree species returned significant amounts of N before leaf abscission;however, N isotope fractionation during leaf N resorption was only found for beech, with a depleted N isotope value from green to pre-abscission leaf.The most N, however, was resorbed from pre-abscission to post-abscission.This result may indicate that δ~(15)N fractionation took place during N transformation processes, such as protein hydrolysis, when the concentration of free amino acids increased sharply.The difference in the type of amino acid produced by each species could have influenced the N isotope ratio in beech but not in the other tree species.The results of this study showed that it is possible to infer the type and timing of processes relevant to N resorption by analyzing leaf δ~(15)N variation during senescence.
Effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under alternate partial rootzone irrigation

Faced with the scarcity of water resources and irrational fertilizer use, it is critical to supply plants with water and fertilizer in a coordinated pattern to improve yield with high water use efficiency (WUE). One such method, alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI), has been practiced worldwide, but there is limited information on the performance of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen (N) rates under APRI. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of varying irrigation regimes and N rates on shoot growth, grain yield and WUE of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under APRI in the Hexi Corridor area of Northwest China in 2014 and 2015. The three N rates were 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha~(–1), designated N_1, N_2 and N_3, respectively. The three irrigation regimes of 45–50%, 60–65% and 75–80% field capacity (FC) throughout the maize growing season, designated W_1, W_2 and W_3, respectively, were applied in combination with each N rate. The results showed that W_2 and W_3 significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, crop growth rate, chlorophyll SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), biomass, grain yield, ears per ha, kernels per cob, 1 000-kernel weight, harvest index, evapotranspiration and leaf area index (LAI) compared to W_1 at each N rate. The N_2 and N_3 treatments increased those parameters compared to N_1 in each irrigation treatment. Increasing the N rate from the N_2 to N_3 resulted in increased biomass and grain yield under W_3 while it had no impact on those under the W_1 and W_2 treatments. The W_3N_3 and W_2N_2 and W_2N_3 treatments achieved the greatest and the second-greatest biomass and grain yield, respectively. Increasing the N rate significantly enhanced the maximum LAI (LAI at the silking stage ) and Pn under W_3, suggesting that the interaction of irrigation and fertilizer N management can effectively improve leaf growth and development, and consequently provide high biomass and grain yield of maize. The W_2N_2, W_2N_3 and W_3N_3 treatments attained the greatest WUE among all the treatments. Thus, either 60–65% FC coupled with 200–300 kg N ha~(–1) or 75–80% FC coupled with 300 kg N ha~(–1) is proposed as a better pattern of irrigation and nitrogen application with positive regulative effects on grain yield and WUE of maize under APRI in the Hexi Corridor area of Northwest China and other regions with similar environments. These results can provide a basis for indepth understanding of the mechanisms of grain yield and WUE to supply levels of water and nitrogen.
Effects of post-heading high temperature on some quality traits of malt barley

Global change is bringing barley with more frequency of suffering from high temperature. However, little has been known about the influence of high temperature on malt quality traits. In this study, we investigated the impact of 1-wk heat stress (32℃/26℃, day/night, 12 h/12 h) initiating from the 7th (HT7) and 14th (HT14) days after heading on some grain and malt quality traits of two barley cultivars. In comparison with normal temperature (24℃/18℃, day/night, 12 h/12 h), heat stress significantly reduced kernel weight, seed setting rate and grains per spike: HT7 having a larger effect than HT14. Meanwhile, total protein and β-glucan contents, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities were significantly increased under high temperature, with HT7-treated plants showing larger changes. Moreover, the different changes of four protein fractions under heat stress were found in the two barley cultivars, indicating the possibility of breaking positive association between protein content and enzyme activity.
A Dynamic Emergency Decision-Making Method Based on Group Decision Making with Uncertainty Information

In emergency decision making (EDM), it is necessary to generate an effective alternative quickly. Case-based reasoning (CBR) has been applied to EDM; however, choosing the most suitable case from a set of similar cases after case retrieval remains challenging. This study proposes a dynamic method based on case retrieval and group decision making (GDM), called dynamic casebased reasoning group decision making (CBRGDM), for emergency alternative generation. In the proposed method, first, similar historical cases are identified through case similarity measurement. Then, evaluation information provided by group decision makers for similar cases is aggregated based on regret theory, and comprehensive perceived utilities for the similar cases are obtained. Finally, the most suitable historical case is obtained from the case similarities and the comprehensive perceived utilities for similar historical cases. The method is then applied to an example of a gas explosion in a coal company in China. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in EDM. The advantages of the proposed method are verified based on comparisons with existing methods. In particular, dynamic CBRGDM can adjust the emergency alternative according to changing emergencies. The results of application of dynamic CBRGDM to a gas explosion and comparison with existing methods verify its feasibility and practicability.