mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Buoyancy-driven flow through a ceiling aperture in a corridor: A study on smoke propagation and prevention

Analyzing numerous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a two-level corridor model, smoke propagation and prevention were investigated. In all simulations, the fire source was placed inside the lower corridor, which we refer to as the fire corridor. Results show that after smoke flows in through the ceiling aperture, a dangerous environment forms quickly in the upper corridor. The smoke layer in the upper corridor descends nearly to floor level through buoyancy and air flowing in through the doorways. The fire hazard created in the upper level is larger than that of the fire corridor. In regard to fire prevention, the effectiveness of a counter airflow at the ceiling aperture is demonstrated, and critical velocities for counter airflow are derived through CFD simulations. A simple model for predicting this critical velocity is proposed based on the Froude modeling. The critical Froude number initially declines linearly with the dimensionless distance between the fire source and the ceiling aperture, and then stabilizes at 0.38 when this distance is larger than 3.00. This model can be used for coarse design of the counter airflow smoke control system.
A hybrid simulation approach to predict cooling energy demand for public housing in Hong Kong

The residential sector accounts for a significant and increasing portion of the national energy use. Cooling energy reduction in the public housing sector is one of the key success factors for sustainable building development measures especially in the sub-tropics. This study proposes a hybrid EnergyPlus (EP) – artificial neural network (ANN) model, which is more flexible and timeefficient than the conventional cooling energy simulation methods, for simulating the cooling energy consumption in the Hong Kong public housing sector and evaluates the cooling energy impacts related to building materials, window sizes, indoor–outdoor temperature variations and apartment sizes. The results show that climate changes and temperature set-points have the greatest impact on cooling energy use (-19.9% to 24.1%), followed by flat size combinations (-13.4% to 27.9%). The proposed model can be a useful tool for policymakers to establish sustainable public housing development plans in Hong Kong.
An on-off regulation method by predicting the valve on-time ratio in district heating system

Good room temperature control is beneficial for users’ thermal comfort and health. It also helps reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions inside the buildings. However, there are certain limitations with the current thermostatic valves commonly used in central heating systems, especially the ones used in China, since they cannot satisfactorily adjust room temperatures. In response to such problems, an intelligent on-off regulation method is presented in this paper. The room temperature can be maintained by controlling the valves according to the on-time ratio predicted by this method. The on-time ratio is predicted for each cycle, and the current ratio is decided by checking a 6-order fuzzy-control table with room temperature deviations in the last step, as well as room temperature set points. Two major factors that may affect the controlling effect are also discussed: the length of the controlling cycle and the design of the fuzzy-control table. A proper controlling cycle and optimal controlling table have been worked out. Besides, the robustness and application effectiveness of this strategy have also been discussed in this paper. The results show that the room temperature can be maintained in the range of set point ±0.5 °C by using this method in different conditions. It is fair to say that this method is a stable, reliable and advanced controlling method, with robust and accurate control.
Passive energy strategies in the retrofitting of the residential sector: A practical case study in dry hot climate

The new energy objectives of the EU for 2020 will not be possible unless the extensive residential stock is improved energetically. In this panorama it is very important to propose procedures for the analysis and energy assessment of existing residential buildings in order to contribute to their retrofitting, cutting down consumption and improving thermal comfort. The specific energy behaviour in the summer climate conditions of southern Europe, with high temperatures and solar radiation, results in a need for different intervention mechanisms for energy saving and improvement of indoor comfort, aspects which have not been widely analyzed or assessed to date. The main aim of this paper is to offer a case study with passive intervention strategies for the retrofitting of the residential sector in the Mediterranean area of southern Spain. The case study is a recently restored building with 68 social housing units. The retrofitting intervention on the building envelope improved insulation in facades and windows, incorporated solar protection and increased the level of airtightness, bringing about a notable reduction (around 38%) of the total demand compared to its original condition, leading primarily to improved indoor comfort and a lower occurrence of energy poverty.
Electrochemical synthesis of alkali-intercalated iron selenide superconductors

Electrochemical method has been used to insert K/Na into FeSe lattice to prepare alkali-intercalated iron selenides at room temperature. Magnetization measurement reveals that K_xFe_2Se_2 and Na_xFe_2Se_2 are superconductive at 31 K and 46 K, respectively. This is the first successful report of obtaining metal-intercalated FeSe-based high-temperature superconductors using electrochemical method. It provides an effective route to synthesize metal-intercalated layered compounds for new superconductor exploration.
Spectral investigation of R, Ce:YAG (R: Pr~(3+), Eu~(3+), Gd~(3+)) single crystals and their applications in white LEDs

Eu~(3+), Pr~(3+), or Gd~(3+) codoped Ce:YAG single crystals were grown by using the Czochralski method. The photoluminescence (PL) emission and excitation spectra and transmittance were measured and investigated. The additional red-emitting bands were observed in the PL emission spectra of Eu,Ce:YAG and Pr,Ce:YAG single crystals and the formation of noticeable peaks was studied with reference to the schematic energy level diagrams. A red-shifted phenomenon was observed in the PL emission spectrum of Gd,Ce:YAG. With codoped Eu~(3+), Pr~(3+), or Gd~(3+) ions, warmer white light was achieved for the white light emitting diodes and the color rendering index became higher.
Exponential flux-controlled memristor model and its floating emulator

As commercial memristors are still unavailable in the market, mathematic models and emulators which can imitate the features of the memristor are meaningful for further research. In this paper, based on the analyses of characteristics of the q-φ curve, an exponential flux-controlled model, which has the quality that its memductance (memristance) will keep monotonically increasing or decreasing unless the voltage's polarity reverses (if not approach the boundaries), is constructed. A new approach to designing the floating emulator of the memristor is also proposed. This floating structure can flexibly meet various demands for the current through the memristor (especially the demand for a larger current). The simulations and experiments are presented to confirm the effectiveness of this model and its floating emulator.
Transport properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons adsorbed with single iron atom

We have performed density-functional calculations of the transport properties of the zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) adsorbed with a single iron atom. Two adsorption configurations are considered, i.e., iron adsorbed on the edge and on the interior of the nanoribbon. The results show that the transport features of the two configurations are similar. However, the transport properties are modified due to the scattering effects induced by coupling of the ZGNR band states to the localized 3d-orbital state of the iron atom. More importantly, one can find that several dips appear in the transmission curve, which is closely related to the above mentioned coupling. We expect that our results will have potential applications in graphene-based spintronic devices.
Surface-type nonvolatile electric memory elements based on organic-on-organic CuPc-H_2Pc heterojunction

A novel surface-type nonvolatile electric memory elements based on organic semiconductors CuPc and H_2Pc are fabricated by vacuum deposition of the CuPc and H_2Pc films on preliminary deposited metallic (Ag and Cu) electrodes. The gap between Ag and Cu electrodes is 30-40 μm. For the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics the memory effect, switching effect, and negative differential resistance regions are observed. The switching mechanism is attributed to the electric-field-induced charge transfer. As a result the device switches from a low to a high-conductivity state and then back to a low conductivity state if the opposite polarity voltage is applied. The ratio of resistance at the high resistance state to that at the low resistance state is equal to 120-150. Under the switching condition, the electric current increases ~80-100 times. A comparison between the forward and reverse I-V characteristics shows the presence of rectifying behavior.
Production of intense attosecond vector beam pulse trains based on harmonics

We provide the first report on the harmonics generated by an intense femtosecond vector beam that is normally incident on a solid target. By using 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) codes, we observe the third and the fifth harmonic signals with the same vector structure as the driving beam, and obtain an attosecond vector beam pulse train. We also show that the conversion efficiencies of the third and the fifth harmonics reach their maxima for a plasma density of four times the critical density due to the plasma resonating with the driving force. This method provides a new means of generating intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) vector beams via ultra-intense laser-driven harmonics.
Photostop of iodine atoms from electrically oriented ICl molecules

The dynamics of photostopping iodine atoms from electrically oriented ICl molecules was numerically studied based on their orientational probability distribution functions. Velocity distributions of the iodine atoms and their production rates were investigated for orienting electrical fields of various intensities. For the ICl precursor beams with an initial rotational temperature of ~1 K, the production of the iodine atoms near zero speed will be improved by about ~5 times when an orienting electrical field of ~200 kV/cm is present. A production rate of ~0.5‰ is obtained for photostopped iodine atoms with speeds less than 10 m/s, which are suitable for magnetic trapping. The electrical orientation of ICl precursors and magnetic trapping of photostopped iodine atoms in situ can be conveniently realized with a pair of charged ring magnets. With the maximal value of the trapping field being ~0.28 T, the largest trapping speed is ~7.0 m/s for the iodine atom.
Determination of ion quantity by using low-temperature ion density theory and molecular dynamics simulation

In this paper, we report a method by which the ion quantity is estimated rapidly with an accuracy of 4%. This finding is based on the low-temperature ion density theory and combined with the ion crystal size obtained from experiment with the precision of a micrometer. The method is objective, straightforward, and independent of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The result can be used as the reference for the MD simulation, and the method can improve the reliability and precision of MD simulation. This method is very helpful for intensively studying ion crystal, such as phase transition, spatial configuration, temporal evolution, dynamic character, cooling efficiency, and the temperature limit of the ions.
Kinetics of protein adsorption/desorption mediated by pH-responsive polymer layer

We propose a new way of regulating protein adsorption by using a pH-responsive polymer. According to the theoretical results obtained from the molecular theory and kinetic approaches, both thermodynamics and kinetics of protein adsorption are verified to be well controlled by the solution pH. The kinetics and the amount of adsorbed proteins at equilibrium are greatly increased when the solution environment changes from acid to neutral. The reason is that the increased pH promotes the dissociation of the weak polyelectrolyte, resulting in more charged monomers and more stretched chains. Thus the steric repulsion within the polymer layer is weakened, which effectively lowers the barrier felt by the protein during the process of adsorption. Interestingly, we also find that the kinetics of protein desorption is almost unchanged with the variation of pH. It is because although the barrier formed by the polymer layer changes along with the change of pH, the potential at contact with the surface varies equally. Our results may provide useful insights into controllable protein adsorption/desorption in practical applications.
Direction-of-arrival estimation for co-located multiple-input multiple-output radar using structural sparsity Bayesian learning

This paper addresses the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem for the co-located multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) radar with random arrays. The spatially distributed sparsity of the targets in the background makes compressive sensing (CS) desirable for DOA estimation. A spatial CS framework is presented, which links the DOA estimation problem to support recovery from a known over-complete dictionary. A modified statistical model is developed to accurately represent the intra-block correlation of the received signal. A structural sparsity Bayesian learning algorithm is proposed for the sparse recovery problem. The proposed algorithm, which exploits intra-signal correlation, is capable being applied to limited data support and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scene. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has less computation load compared to the classical Bayesian algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a more accurate DOA estimation than the traditional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and other CS recovery algorithms.
从脾胃论治抑郁症

从脾胃生理与抑郁症、脾胃气机升降与肝肺气机运行、脾胃与精神情志的关系等方面分析脾胃与抑郁症发生的关系,阐明脾胃对抑郁症的发病上具有非常重要的作用。同时,结合《金匮要略》,列举了健脾清胆法,健脾行气法,通阳宣痹、疏肝解郁法,健脾利湿、养血调肝法,清热祛湿健脾法,健脾养血、温阳和肝法等调理脾胃功能出发治疗抑郁症的方药,为临床中从脾胃论治抑郁症提供了较好的思路与方法。
食管癌中医证素特点及组合规律的文献研究

目的探讨现代文献食管癌病位与病性证素特点及组合规律。方法通过检索1979年1月至2014年6月中国期刊数据库(CNKI)收录的中医诊治食管癌文献,提取病位、病性证素; 采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行频数分析、R型聚类分析、因子分析。结果在符合要求的142条文献中提取出13个病位证素,频率> 20%的病位证素依次是脾、胃、肝、上焦、咽喉、肾; 提取出26个病性证素,频率> 20%的病性证素依次是痰、血瘀、气滞、气虚、阴虚、燥、血虚、津液亏、火热、阳虚、湿、毒、思、食积、忧、怒; 高频证素聚类分析形成9种类型; 高频证素因子分析提取8个公因子。结论食管癌证素组合规律揭示出食管癌的发病机理存在痰瘀互结、毒火热互生、食积与湿互生的实性病变关系,阳虚与气虚互存的虚性病变关系,阴津亏虚与内燥互存、血虚与气滞互存的虚实夹杂病变关系。
中药现代化的历史丰碑——屠呦呦与青蒿素

中国科学家屠呦呦因在青蒿素研制工作中的杰出成就,获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。青蒿素是在继承发扬祖国医药学的基础上,从千百个复方、单方、古方、验方中,运用现代科学、理论、方法、手段发现、研制的现代中药。青蒿素是具有化学药特点的现代中药,是中药现代化发展的重要成果。随着现代科学的发展,中药现代化是必然趋势,"传统中药"与"现代中药"将比翼双飞。青蒿素提取分离有效成分,是成功的示范。
514例健康成人血清叶酸及维生素B_(12)水平测定与分析

叶酸和维生素B_(12)(VB_(12))是对人体十分重要的维生素。二者同时或者单一缺乏均可造成营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血及高同型半胱氨酸血症等。尤其是叶酸,其携带一碳单位参与嘌呤及胸腺嘧啶的合成及氨基酸代谢,对细胞分裂和组织生长具有极其重要的作用;如孕妇摄入叶酸不足,胎儿易发生先天性神经管畸形等严重的疾病。国外研究认为血清叶酸及VB_(12)的缺乏率逐年增高,以老年人最为明显。国内已有针对孕妇、贫血等特殊人群的叶酸及VB_(12)水平的研究,但对健康成人研究较少,本研究旨在测定大连市514例健康成人的血清叶酸及VB_(12),为临床预防及诊治叶酸及B_(12)缺乏提供科学依据。
Past, present and future of saline lakes: research for global sustainable development

The 12th International Conference on Salt Lake Research was held in Langfang City, China from July 14 to 18, 2014. Fifteen manuscripts of presentations have been retained for publication in this special issue. They are very diverse, covering the biology, physics, chemistry and geology of salt lakes, the history of hydrological research on the Dead Sea, the effects of socioeconomic and environmental policies by stakeholders on human populations, and the increasing salinization of freshwater lakes around the world.
Analysis of the distribution characteristics of ~(226)Ra and ~(228)Ra and their sources in the western part of Qinghai Lake

The ~(226)Ra and~(228)Ra activities of Qinghai Lake surface water, groundwater, river water, suspended particles, and bottom sediments were measured in a gamma-ray spectrometer. The sources of ~(226)Ra and ~(228)Ra were discussed according to their distribution characteristics. ~(226)Ra and ~(228)Ra activities (dpm/(100 L)) ranged from 14.13±0.22 to 19.22±0.42 and 17.72±0.66 to 30.96± 1.47 in the surface water of the North Bay, respectively, and from 7.88±0.24 to 33.80±0.47 and 15.73±0.74 to 57.31 ± 1.44,respectively, in the South Bay. The surface water near the estuary had a lower salinity and had a higher concentration of radium isotopes than the samples collected further away. The farther offshore the sample, the higher the salinity was, and the lower the radium isotope activity. The distribution of radium activities in the western part of Qinghai Lake is controlled by several factors, including Buha River runoff, desorption from suspended particles derived from the river, groundwater discharge, and a small amount of diffusion from the sediment.
预测IFN治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的实验室指标研究进展

IFN已广泛应用于慢性乙型肝炎的治疗,其疗效受宿主、病毒和环境因素等影响。研究发现其影响因素主要包括宿主基因单核苷酸多态性、乙肝病毒基因型、病毒的突变、microRNA、干扰素中和抗体及血清学标志物等。若能运用这些指标在治疗前预测疗效,对患者的药物选择及实施个体化诊疗具有重要的意义。本文就近年来与干扰素疗效相关影响因素的研究进展做一综述。
线性探针法检测云南地区结核分枝杆菌耐药的应用评价

目的评价线性探针法的检测效能,探讨云南地区耐药结核分枝杆菌的基因突变规律。方法采集云南地区肺结核患者的407份涂阳痰标本,采用线性探针法进行耐药性检测,同时采用比例法药敏试验作为对照。结果线性探针法检测异烟肼(INH)耐药的敏感性为71.84%,特异性为97.29%;检测利福平(RFP)耐药的敏感性为88.36%,特异性为94.38%;检测耐多药(MDR)的敏感性为67.46%,特异性为94.54%,阳性预测值为87.63%,阴性预测值为86.24%。传统药敏试验与线性探针法均显示INH耐药的125株菌中kat G 315位点发生突变的有116株(92.80%),inh A发生突变的有14株(11.20%),同时发生kat G 315和inh A突变的有5株(4.00%)。RFP耐药菌株中,rpo B基因突变频率从高到低依次是531或533位(59.69%)、526位(25.58%)、516位(8.53%)。结论云南地区耐药结核分枝杆菌的基因突变有自己的特点。线性探针法对结核分枝杆菌进行耐药性检测具有较高的敏感性、特异性。在耐药率较高的定点医院和耐药高危人群中,线性探针法检测MDR具有较高的阳性预测值和阴性预测值,其结果具有较好的参考价值。
Wave Interaction with Dual Circular Porous Plates

In this paper we have investigated the reflection and the transmission of a system of two symmetric circular-arc-shaped thin porous plates submerged in deep water within the context of linear theory. The hypersingular integral equation technique has been used to analyze the problem mathematically. The integral equations are formulated by applying Green's integral theorem to the fundamental potential function and the scattered potential function into a suitable fluid region, and then using the boundary condition on the porous plate surface. These are solved approximately using an expansion-cum-collocation method where the behaviour of the potential functions at the tips of the plates have been used. This method ultimately produces a very good numerical approximation for the reflection and the transmission coefficients and hydrodynamic force components. The numerical results are depicted graphically against the wave number for a variety of layouts of the arc. Some results are compared with known results for similar configurations of dual rigid plate systems available in the literature with good agreement.
前牙全瓷贴面修复前的美学准备

目的:总结前牙瓷贴面修复前应该进行的美学准备。方法:根据需要对20例前牙瓷贴面修复患者在治疗前进行以下美学准备工作,包括:诊断蜡型的制作、洁治和漂白、颜色及表面质地的设计、视错觉原理在配色方案中的应用等。常规进行瓷贴面修复后评价色泽逼真度、形态、患者满意度等美学效果。结果:瓷贴面修复患者在进行充分的修复前美学准备和设计工作后能够获得良好的修复美学效果,患者满意度高。结论:良好的修复前美学准备和设计对于确保瓷贴面修复的美学效果具有重要意义。
Transformation Sequence Rule of Martensite Plates and Temperature Memory Effect in Shape Memory Alloys

In thermoelastic martensitic transformation, it is well established that the first martensite plate appearing upon cooling becomes the final one during reverse transformation to austenite upon heating. The results obtained from this work show that the transformation sequence of the martensite appears to be random. Newly formed martensite plates can modify the elastic strain energy level stored in the already existing martensite. Additionally, the elastic strain energy stored in newly formed martensite is not necessarily to be higher than the remaining martensite. The obtained results may assist in understanding phenomena related to partial transformation of shape memory alloys, such as temperature memory effect.
MRI评估胶质瘤疗效的研究进展

胶质瘤是最常见的神经上皮组织来源肿瘤,侵袭性强,病死率高,易复发。手术切除是治疗首选方式,近年来术后替莫唑胺(temozolomide,TMZ)同步放疗+辅助化疗显著改善患者生存时间,单克隆抗体贝伐单抗(bevacizumab,BV)广泛用于胶质瘤治疗。此外,经过I期临床试验,基因药物治疗表现出巨大的临床应用潜力,有望成为胶质瘤治疗的可靠选择。但部分患者治疗后MRI复查会出现假性进展征象,即病灶周围增强范围增加,而在无附加治疗的随访中证实病情得到改善或者稳定、增强范围逐渐减小或者术后病理证实为非肿瘤组织成分。假性进展的出现会干扰临床治疗决策,传统的疗效评价方式——液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列T_2WI和增强T_1WI不能客观反映抗肿瘤效果,难以与肿瘤复发的增强范围扩大相鉴别。MRI最新成像技术可早期无创性观察治疗反应并预测患者预后,有巨大的临床应用潜力。因此,笔者介绍近年来MRI成像技术在胶质瘤疗效评价中的研究进展。
经颈静脉门体分流术对食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者纤维蛋白原含量的影响

目前经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts,TIPS)。已被广泛应用于肝硬化失代偿期门静脉高压并发症的治疗。肝硬化患者随着肝功能损害程度加重,凝血障碍也明显加重,这也是此类患者不宜行外科手术的原因之一。TIPS术虽较外科分流手术微创,但笔者在临床工作中发现TIPS术后患者凝血功能较术前明显降低,以纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen, FB)降低尤为明显。目前尚无凝血功能异常与TIPS术后腹腔出血有直接关系的报道。经典的TIPS分为3个步骤:经颈静脉肝内穿刺门静脉、食管胃底静脉曲张血管栓塞、肝内分流道的建立。前两步与经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术(percutaneous transhepatic varicral embolization, PTVE)的过程相似,均为肝内穿刺门静脉同时行曲张静脉栓塞,而TIPS关键步骤肝内分流道的建立势必改变肝脏血流分布影响肝脏合成功能。因此,笔者推测FB降低不仅与穿刺及止血过程中凝血因子的消耗有关,还可能与此术式改变肝脏血流分布相关。为此笔者对147例采用TIPS、PTVE、内科保守治疗患者的FB变化,进行回顾性对比分析,以探讨FB降低的机制。
超声心动图评估经导管主动脉瓣置入术治疗单纯性主动脉瓣重度反流1例

总之,TAVI在严格筛选的前提下可能成为不适于外科手术的单纯性主动脉瓣重度反流患者的救治方法,且超声心动图在TAVI术前、术中和术后起着重要的作用。
秩和比法综合评价2013年我国健康教育专业机构服务情况

健康教育是通过有计划、有组织的信息传播和行为干预,帮助个人和群体掌握卫生保健知识,树立健康观念,自愿采纳有利于健康的行为和生活方式的教育活动与过程。健康教育的核心是消除或减轻影响健康的危险因素,预防疾病,促进健康,提高生活质量。
霍乱传染数据贝叶斯ZIP分析的后验预测评价

1926年英国流行病学家麦克德里克(McKendrick)应用数学模型研究了1906年印度孟买一个村庄流行性霍乱传染的数据。为了描述霍乱传播过程,麦克德里克首先考虑了简单的Poisson分布,在发现Poisson分布拟合效果很差后,麦克德里克又考虑了零截尾Poisson分布(zero-truncated Poisson), Irwin采用EM算法改进了麦克德里克的方法。但是无论哪种分布,麦克德里克都没能很好处理霍乱数据中存在的大量没有患者的家庭,即霍乱感染者个数为0。麦克德里克也注意到这个问题,并给出了一个十分合理的解释:霍乱病菌经水源传播,村庄中有许多水井,也许只有某些水井被病菌污染,而一些水井没有被污染,是干净清洁的。因此,饮用被病菌污染井水的家庭中有人患病,而饮用干净井水的村民自然不会患病,这就揭示了为什么数据中存在大量没有霍乱患者的家庭。根据麦克德里克的理由,Meng认为可采用了零膨胀Poisson模型(zero inflated Poisson,ZIP)来分析霍乱传染数据。一个很自然的问题是,ZIP模型对该数据的拟合优度如何?如何做出评价?为此,本文主要研究基于后验预测分布的贝叶斯ZIP模型评价,并通过该数据展示相应的方法。
四川省卫生总费用趋势预测及方法探讨

目的探讨四川省卫生总费用的预测方法,为政府制定相关政策提供参考。方法采用ARIMA模型和灰色模型,拟合并预测四川省2001 -2020年的卫生总费用,通过比较预测值与实际值,说明预测效果。结果ARIMA模型为x_t =53.318+0.259x_(t-1)+0.741x_(t-2) +ε_τ,其中,Var(ε_τ)=64.188;灰色模型为x~((0))(k) -0.195x~((1))(k)=146.829(k = 1,2,…,n)。预测卫生总费用时,2020年的预测值分别是3099.26亿元和6835.82亿元;平均相对误差分别为7.09%和3.09%。结论虽然样本预测结果显示,灰色模型略优于ARIMA模型,但具体应用时需要结合数据特点以及考虑时间周期等因素。卫生部门在制定政策规划时,可针对具体情况,采用相应的预测方法。
阳性淋巴结率对口腔鳞状细胞癌预后意义的研究进展

口腔鳞状细胞癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤,占颌面部恶性肿瘤的90%以上。目前口腔鳞状细胞癌的主要治疗方法是手术治疗,晚期也可辅以放疗和化疗。然而放疗和化疗同时会对机体产生毒副作用。不恰当的辅助治疗不仅对预后无助,还会带来严重后果,严重影响患者生活质量。因此利用已有的临床及病理检查结果判断患者的预后,并指导术后辅助治疗对口腔鳞状细胞癌的治疗具有重要意义。
婴儿蜱叮咬1例

硬蜱、软蜱均是吸血动物,当它们寄生在动物体表时,损伤皮肤,患病动物出现痛痒、烦躁不安,经常摩擦、抓挠或啃咬皮肤,导致寄生部位出血、水肿、发炎和角质增生,或继发伤口蛆病。由于大量吸食血液,引起患病动物贫血、消瘦、发育不良等蜱虫在吸食动物血液时分泌的唾液中含有毒素,这种毒素是一种神经毒素,它能抑制肌神经乙酰胆碱的释放,造成运动神经传导障碍,引起急性上行性的肌萎缩性麻痹,称为“蜱瘫痪”。软蜱的种类较硬蜱少,危害比硬蜱则相对较少,常见经蜱传播疾病有:莱姆病、人粒细胞无形体病、发热伴血小板减少综合征、森林脑炎、出血热、蜱媒回归热、立克次体病、细菌性疾病等。蜱虫具有传播病毒、细菌、立克次体、螺旋体、原虫、衣原体等不同病原体的能力,同时这些蜱传疾病危害程度和防治难度均较大。为预防蜱源性传染病及并发症,当发现蜱虫叮咬时应注意:①密切观察皮肤叮咬处3周内是否有逐渐增大的红斑。躯干四肢是否有出血点瘀斑;②4周以内是否有顽固的难以治愈的发热,伴有恶心呕吐等症状时应考虑虫媒传染病,并及时到专科医院就诊,虫媒传染病的确诊最终要依靠血清学诊断和病原体分离;③蜱虫叮咬后及时正确处理伤口是防治各种并发症及虫媒传染病的关键,如果蜱虫不易拔出,可以用乙醚或氯仿或凡士林膏厚厚涂在头部,让其窒息,也可用利多卡因或丁卡因胶浆局麻后取出,注意取出时检查口器是否完整,如果口器残留在皮肤内则需要手术取出。山东疫区的患者早期针对免疫力低下的人群可适当给予氨苄青霉素或红霉素类的抗生素以防止立克次体感染。本例的特点:①月龄小仅为3个月,既往感染多为成人或能自己活动的儿童,这个月龄发病的婴儿实属罕见;②来自疫区,王丽娟等证实山东省是以蜱虫为传播媒介的莱姆病和人类粒细胞无形体病的自然疫源地。患儿的家庭居住在东省泰安新泰山区,其父母认为是在外晾晒被褥时将蜱虫带回感染婴儿;③蜱虫感染的季节一般为夏秋季,该病例发生在阳历12月,已经是冬季较冷的季节,蜱虫可成活2 ~3年,夏、秋季节为蜱虫活动旺季,叮咬人畜较常见,冬季较少活动;④鉴别诊断:色素痣,纤维瘤等。该例是3个月的婴儿,被蜱虫叮咬后若不能及时发现处理,会导致各种严重并发症发生。提醒大家注意在外晾晒衣物收回时一定注意拍打,避免带回昆虫感染家人。对于成人、儿童甚至不会行走婴幼儿都有感染的可能性,临床上遇到可疑赘生物时,注意鉴别。
五岁以下儿童呼出气一氧化氮检测临床应用研究进展

近年来,随着呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO)检测在临床应用的增多,特别是2011年美国胸科学会发布了《在临床应用时如何解读FeNO检测结果》指南后,临床医生对FeNO检测临床价值的认识水平明显提高,从而使FeNO检测在哮喘等过敏性气道疾病的诊断和管理中发挥了重要作用。目前,临床上FeNO检测多采取均匀持续用力呼气方式进行,需要患者很好地配合,这种方法检测FeNO只能在6岁以上儿童和成年人进行,不适用于5岁以下(年幼)儿童,从而导致FeNO的临床应用在儿科领域主要局限于年长患儿。5岁以下儿童哮喘由于缺乏适合该年龄段的检测手段,其明确诊断尚存在困难。全球哮喘创议委员会在2009年专门制定了《5岁以下儿童哮喘诊断和管理指南》,指出年幼儿童哮喘的诊断主要依靠临床,而在2014年重新修订的哮喘防治指南中则明确提出,FeNO检测可以用于预测婴幼儿喘息是否发展为哮喘。因此,在年幼儿童进行FeNO检测,明确婴幼儿喘息、学龄前喘息与哮喘发生发展的关系,显得非常重要。