mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
胰腺癌肝转移长期生存1例

讨论胰腺癌是消化道高度恶性肿瘤之一， 近年发病率逐渐升高，据相关报道，约80% 的胰腺癌患者明确诊断时已是中晚期， 半数发生远处转移，其中肝转移最为常见，胰腺癌总的生存期短，约6~8个月，对伴肝转移者，甚至<3个月，手术可切除率<10%。该患者首次确诊胰腺癌时已伴肝转移，但经多次手术及术后介入化疗治疗后目前已存活6年之久， 其主要原因有以下几方面：首先是治疗方式， 无论是首次发现胰腺癌伴肝转移， 还是随访中发现肝脏及肝外转移灶， 我们对该患者均选择以手术切除为主联合肿瘤无水酒精注射、介入化疗的多学科综合治疗， 这可能是患者能获得长期生存最重要的因素。国内外相关研究均提示对胰腺癌肝转移患者， 手术切除肿瘤仍能明显提高患者生活质量及延长生存期。Shrikhande 等研究显示， 经手术切除胰腺癌原发及肝转移灶与仅予以姑息性手术或其他方式治疗组相比， 其中位生存时间明显延长， 且无手术相关病死率及严重并发症发生。肝转移灶切除后， 可延长患者生存期， 尤其是对肝移灶单发， 体积小且能完全切除者明显有益。另外， 同期发现有肝转移者， 若病情允许应争取一并切除原发灶和转移灶， 对转移癌切除后再复发的患者， 如有切除可能应争取手术再切除， 以改善患者的生存质量和提高生存率。对无法切除的病灶， 术中可给予无水酒精注射，以尽可能使残留肿瘤坏死。除此之外， 患者术后多次重复行介入化疗， 当前介入化疗已成为中晚期胰腺癌患者主要的治疗方式之一，临床研究显示， 重复多次行介入化疗可提高患者中位生存时间。3种以上的多学科治疗相结合可明显延长患者生存期，3年生存率可达到9.1%。本例患者获得长期生存与国内外相关报道结果相一致。因此，提示对一般情况较好的患者， 应尽可能采取多学科综合治疗。临床多学科综合治疗应该是当前及今后胰腺癌伴肝转移的主要治疗手段， 能使患者获益明显， 但具体方案的综合应用尚无明确统一的标准， 有待于进一步研究。
胰十二指肠切除捆绑式胰肠吻合术21例临床分析

目的:介绍捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除中预防胰瘘的手术方法及技巧。方法：回顾分析行捆绑式胰肠吻合术的21例临床资料。结果:全组无胰瘘发生，无消化道大出血；1例因肝肾综合征转内科治疗痊愈出院，1例因二重感染病死。结论:胰腺断端的合理处理及胰管内置支撑管行胰肠捆绑式吻合术是安全可靠的方法。
乡镇卫生院感染性疾病门诊的管理问题及对策

为了方便基层患者感染性疾病的诊疗,乡镇卫生院普遍设立了感染性疾病门诊(呼吸道和肠道门诊),但很多乡镇卫生院在实际运行中存在不少的问题,有的甚至是“形同虚设”,发挥不了作用。
胆道重建技术专家共识

胆道重建是肝胆胰外科的最基本操作之一，广泛应用于肝内外胆管结石、肝胆管狭窄手术和先天性胆总管囊肿切除术、晚期梗阻性黄疸内引流、胆管癌根治术、胰十二指肠切除术和肝移植术等。胆道重建方式繁多，按照吻合类型可以分为胆胆吻合和胆肠吻合，按照吻合方式可分为端端吻合、端侧吻合、侧侧吻合等。
结直肠切除术后消化道重建技术专家共识

结直肠切除术后消化道重建是结直肠手术重要的组成部分，无论是开放手术还是腹腔镜手术，规范的消化道重建对于提高手术成功率、降低手术并发症发生率、促进病人术后康复等具有重要意义。重建器械（直线形切割吻合器等）的应用对改进消化道重建技术有重要意义，其使消化道重建更标准化，显著提高了重建的安全性。本共识旨在总结结直肠手术中各种消化道重建的手术方式、技术要点、重建过程中存在的陷阱与处理对策及重建后的并发症预防和处理，使结直肠术后消化道重建达到规范和统一，利于病人恢复。
胃切除术后消化道重建技术专家共识

1.1胃肠重建的基本原则胃切除术后的消化道重建约有130年的历史，Billroth在1881年行远端胃切除、BillrothI式吻合。1893年Roux创建Roux-en-Y吻合术式。1896年Schlatter行全胃切除食管空肠吻合重建。1908年Voleker行近端胃切除、食管胃吻合重建。其后，各种重建术式应运而生，重建方式迄今为止尚无统一的、具有循证医学高级别证据的明确意见。胃切除后消化道重建方式多种多样，但是重建的基本原则和基本选择是明确的。重建术式应遵循的基本原则：(1)吻合的安全性是第一位的（吻合部位的血运佳、张力低、尽量少的吻合口数量）；(2)具有食物贮存、排出的功能并且有防止反流性胃、食管炎的功能，尽量利用生理路径；(3)尽量保证术后内镜检查的可行性（包括残胃、胆道、胰的检查）。Halsted早在100年前就提出外科操作基本六原则，这些原则也适用于胃肠道吻合。首先要合理选择吻合方法，把握吻合对象的构造、组织功能（如食管、低位直肠缺少浆膜且外膜脆弱等）；把握异常情况下如营养不良、高龄、糖尿病、肠梗阻、黄疸、激素、癌性腹膜炎、炎性水肿时胃肠道的变化特点，选择安全的、合理的吻合方式。技术操作中应把握使用器械、材料的特性及其对组织的影响、医源性损害（如镊子、钳子挟持力对组织的挫伤、能量的热损伤、缝合材料的物理性损伤和致组织的炎性反应）。低侵袭、微创伤的吻合技术无疑有助于胃肠道吻合部位的顺利愈合和修复。
横纹肌样型脑膜瘤MRI表现1例

脑膜瘤是最常见的良性脑肿瘤,约占脑肿瘤的20%~30%,可分为多种亚型;横纹肌样型脑膜瘤为其中之一,多位于大脑凸面或镰旁,侵袭性生长,预后较差。典型横纹肌样型脑膜瘤以囊实性病灶多见,且多见瘤旁囊变,MRI肿瘤实性部分多呈等T1稍长T2信号,瘤周可见水肿;增强后实性部分显著均匀强化,囊性部分及瘤周水肿不强化,病灶位置临近脑表时可引起骨质增生或破坏。鉴别诊断:①胶质瘤:好发于大脑深部,MRI呈稍长T1稍长T2信号,增强后呈不强化或不规则环形强化。②室管膜瘤:4脑室多见,瘤旁囊变较少,多数病灶边界不光整,增强MRI示不均匀强化。③转移瘤:常多发,瘤周水肿明显,增强后呈结节状或环形强化。
我国沿海大型原油储罐防护技术研究

在介绍沿海地区大型原油储罐的主要腐蚀特征基础上,分别对储罐内介质腐蚀防护、储罐外壁及罐底下表面腐蚀与防护技术进行了综述,着重阐述了储罐涂层防护、牺牲阳极阴极保护和外加电流阴极保护技术的特点及其结合应用;从施工质量、储罐设计、防腐档案建立、在线检测、日常操作等角度提出改进建议,以期对沿海地区原油储罐的安全运行提供参考。
CT值测量对臀中肌综合征及其治疗效果的评价价值

臀中肌综合征又称臀中肌劳损，臀中肌起于髂嵴外侧、止于股骨大转子，日常活动中起到很重要的作用，日久容易受到反复的应力牵拉和磨擦，从而引起该处肌肉、筋膜等软组织的无菌性炎症反应，产生相应疼痛症状~(1])。治疗方法主要为中医药治疗，包括封闭疗法、离子能量法、小针刀疗法、理疗、按摩辅助疗法、药物辅助疗法等~(2])其影像学表现国内外研究较少，笔者主要研究CT值测量对臀中肌综合征及其治疗效果的评价价值。
鼻中隔软骨肉瘤1例

软骨肉瘤是一种常见的起源于软骨细胞分化的间叶细胞的恶性骨肿瘤,发病率仅次于多发性骨髓瘤和骨肉瘤,占原发恶性骨肿瘤的20%~27%,主要发生于30岁以上,男女发病率之比为2:1,头颈部的软骨肉瘤约占5%~10%。肿瘤生长缓慢,病程较长。本病最常发生于髋关节或肩关节附近,鼻腔和鼻窦的肉瘤,尤其是鼻中隔软骨肉瘤极其罕见,目前文献报道的鼻中隔软骨肉瘤以英文文献为主,约30例,国内文献报道罕见。
腓动脉穿支皮瓣移植的研究进展

临床上选取小腿外侧近中段游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣较多用于修复手足部中小面积的皮肤软组织缺损并取得了较为满意创面修复效果,又因腓动脉穿支血管解剖学的穿出位置、数目、管径及血管蒂的长度相对恒定,结合术前多普勒对穿支血管定位使得该皮瓣的设计、切取相对快捷、简单。诸多优点使得该皮瓣一经出现即得到临床医生的青睐,发展迅速。关于腓动脉穿支皮瓣的基础解剖学研究和临床手术应用也得到了广泛的报道,该技术已趋于成熟。但是因单个穿支体区的大小,限制了该皮瓣的切取面积从而限制了该皮瓣的应用范围。本文通过广泛查阅腓动脉穿支皮瓣的解剖学特点及其临床应用文献的报道,旨在寻找腓动脉穿支皮瓣继续发展的方向,综述如下。
畅气通络针法治疗卒中后睡眠障碍的疗效评价

目的评价畅气通络针法对卒中后睡眠障碍的疗效和安全性,并规范其操作技术和流程。方法将60例卒中后睡眠障碍(夜间失眠)患者随机分为观察组及对照组各30例。观察组采用畅气通络针法,对照组常规针刺,均治疗2周,治疗结束后1个月随访,观察疗效。结果(1)观察组总有效率为86.6%(26/30),优于对照组的56.7% (17/30)。随访时匹兹堡睡眠质量指数表(PSQI)各项评分及总评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0. 05),观察组较对照组降低更明显(P<0.05)。(2)两组患者治疗前后及随访时睡眠状况自评量表评分的组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者随访时睡眠自评量表评分组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)两组患者治疗后、随访时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论畅气通络针法能有效改善卒中后睡眠障碍患者睡眠质量,其疗效明显优于常规针刺,同时能更好地改善脑卒后睡眠障碍患者的神经缺损症状。
杜马斯定氮法测定烟草及烟草制品中总氮含量

总氮含量是评价烟叶质量的一项重要指标.与烟叶感官评吸质量密切相关。烟叶中的总氮含量较高时,烟叶的杂气增加、刺激性加大。植物样品中总氮的测定一般采用凯式定氮法,该方法需经过消化、蒸馏、滴定等操作,过程繁琐。目前烟草行业通常采用连续流动分析法测定烟草样品中的总氮含量. 该方法是将样品消化后用连续流动法比色测定.在一定程度上缩短了分析时间。但消化时需用到硫酸,有一定的危险性。
前列平胶囊对急慢性前列腺炎及血流变的影响

目的研究前列平胶囊对急、慢性前列腺炎及血流变的影响。方法用角叉菜胶建立大鼠急性前列腺炎模型,用消痔灵建立大鼠慢性前列腺炎模型,用大鼠血瘀模型研究对血流变的影响,研究前列平胶囊的作用。结果前列平胶囊(1. 2和0. 6 g /kg)能明显降低角叉菜胶急性前列腺炎模型大鼠的前列腺指数(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01),减轻前列腺组织的上皮细胞变性坏死、腺体溶解、炎细胞浸润、腺腔内蛋白性分泌物及与周围组织的粘连程度等炎症病理变化及病理评分(P < 0. 01)。前列平胶囊1. 2 g /kg 组能明显降低对消痔灵致慢性前列腺炎模型大鼠的前列腺指数(P <0. 01)。前列平胶囊明显减轻前列腺组织的间质慢性炎细胞浸润,明显减少腺腔内蛋白性分泌物潴留,降低前列腺炎症的病理评分(P < 0. 01)。前列平胶囊(1. 2、0. 6和0. 3g /kg)能明显降低血瘀大鼠的全血黏度、全血相对黏度、全血还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞压积和纤维蛋白原(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01)。结论前列平胶囊能抑制急、慢性前列腺炎,改善血瘀模型大鼠的血瘀状态。
武汉市硚口区流动人口艾滋病健康教育效果评价

艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)是一种目前尚无法治愈、病死率极高、经济损失及社会危害均很严重的一种疾病。据联合国艾滋病规划署(Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS,UNAIDS)估计,至2010年中国已有超过一千万的患者感染有艾滋病病毒,且持续快速增长。流动人口是中国社会的一群特殊群体,中国流动人口高达2. 21亿。这些人群背井离乡、居无定所,且以性活跃的中青年为主,往往缺乏固定的性伴侣,文化程度较低,对艾滋病等传染性疾病的防治意识淡薄,是感染艾滋病的高危人群。不洁性行为又是艾滋病主要传播途径之一。因此,在流动人口中进行艾滋病健康教育,提高流动人口防艾意识,切断艾滋病传播途径,具有重要的公共卫生意义。为了解湖北省武汉市硚口区流动人口的艾滋病知识、态度和行为情况,于2011年1—3月对武汉市硚口区某社区居住的645名流动人口进行艾滋病相关知识问卷调查,并对其进行健康教育及效果评价。现将结果报告如下。
Processing stages of Gd_2Sr(Al_(1-x)Fe_x)_2O_7 series

The continuous series of perovskite-related oxides with the general formula Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 0 < x < 1 were prepared by conventional ceramic technology in air. The processing stages of Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 0 < x < 1 phases were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) with the element phase analysis. The three main stages of Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 formation are pointed out. The analysis of the mutual influence of intermediate compounds on the synthesis of the target solid solutions of complex composition, in particular for Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 was carried out. It is determined that the closeness of the reactive mixture composition to the composition of individual compounds Gd_2 SrAl_2 O_7 or Gd_2 SrFe2 O_7 is of importance for the realization of a particular way of Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 solid solutions formation. It is shown that at x & 0.2 the reversing in scheme of Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 series formation is observed. The formation of the Gd_2 Sr(Al_(1-x) Fe_x)_2 O_7 continuous series is indicated by the monotonic dependence of molar unit cell volume on the iron content x.
远志的化学成分及治疗阿尔茨海默病的药理作用研究进展

目的:为远志的进一步开发、利用提供参考。方法:查阅1991-2013年有关远志化学成分及治疗阿尔茨海默病的相关文献,并进行归纳、总结。结果与结论:远志中含有皂苷类、山酮类、寡糖酯类、生物碱类、多糖类、黄酮类等化学成分,这些成分可通过改善胆碱能系统功能、抗氧化、清除自由基、保护神经元等途径对阿尔茨海默病起到治疗作用。
58例新生儿环状胰腺临床分析

环状胰腺(annular pancreas)系胚胎期两个胰芽(胰与副胰)的愈合位置异常,压迫十二指肠降部引起的高位肠梗阻。其临床表现与先天性肠旋转不良、十二指肠狭窄或闭锁等引起的十二指肠梗阻的表现相似,术前不能明确诊断。本研究回顾性分析我院近8年诊治的58例新生儿环状胰腺,探讨其临床表现、辅助检查、手术治疗及预后。
单发型浅表脂肪瘤样痣2例

本病属于良性肿瘤,预后较好,未见有恶变的报道。一般无需特殊治疗,必要时可采用手术或二氧化碳激光治疗。有文献报道由于不彻底的治疗,可能会导致皮疹的复发。
An efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives using starch solution as catalyst

Tetrahydrobenzo[b] pyran and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c] chromene derivatives were synthesized via a one-pot three-component condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and dimedone or 4-hydroxycoumarin in excellent yields in the presence of starch solution as a highly efficient homogenous catalyst. The use of a nontoxic and biodegradable catalyst, simple work-up procedure, and short reaction time are advantages of this method.
徕卡Viva GNSS 采用北斗和GPS 组合单点定位精度分析

随着GNSS 系统的不断发展,实现多系统的组合定位是今后仪器设备发展的必然趋势。本文在讨论北斗和GPS 的系统差异的基础上,根据北斗和 GPS 组合伪距单点定位系统的数学模型,利用实测的静态数据对比研究了北斗和GPS 系统的卫星可见性,分别进行了北斗和GPS 及组合系统单点定位的解算,均可获得优于4 m 的定位解,并且结果表明组合系统相比单一系统的解算精度和PDOP 值有明显的提高。
One-pot synthesis of thermally stable gold@mesoporous silica core–shell nanospheres with catalytic activity

A facile one-pot method has been developed to synthesize uniform gold@mesoporous silica nanospheres (Au@MSNs), which have a well-defined core–shell structure with ordered mesoporous silica as a shell. The resulting Au@MSNs have a high surface area (~521 m~2/g) and uniform pore size (~2.5 nm) for the mesoporous silica shell. The diameter of the gold core can be regulated by adjusting the amount of HAuCl_4. The catalytic performance of the Au@MSNs was investigated using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol as a model reaction. The mesopores of the silica shells provide direct access for the reactant molecules to diffuse and subsequently interact with the gold cores. In addition, the Au@MSNs display the great advantage of sintering-resistance to 950 °C because the mesoporous silica shells inhibit aggregation or deformation of the gold cores. The high thermal stability enables the Au@MSNs to be employed in high-temperature catalytic reactions.
Steroidal saponins from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Asparagaceae). METHOD: The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP20, silica gel, and ODS chromatography, and their structures were determined on the basis of chemical methods, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the roots of A. cochinchinensis, and their structures were elucidated as (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22α, 26-triol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22α-methoxy-5β-furostan-3β, 26-diol-12-one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22α, 26-triol (3), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furstan-3β, 22α, 26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β, 22α, 26-triol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1, 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), and (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 2 were two new furostanol saponins.
A new weakly alkaline slurry for copper planarization at a reduced down pressure

This study reports a new weakly alkaline slurry for copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), it can achieve a high planarization efficiency at a reduced down pressure of 1.0 psi. The slurry is studied through the polish rate, planarization, copper surface roughness and stability. The copper polishing experiment result shows that the polish rate can reach 10032 A/min. From the multi-layers copper CMP test, a good result is obtained, that is a big step height (10870 A) that can be eliminated in just 35 s, and the copper root mean square surface roughness (sq) is very low (< 1 nm). Apart from this, compared with the alkaline slurry researched before, it has a good progress on stability of copper polishing rate, stable for 12 h at least. All the results presented here are relevant for further developments in the area of copper CMP.
Application of a macromolecular chelating agent in chemical mechanical polishing of copper film under the condition of low pressure and low abrasive concentration

The mechanism of the FA/O chelating agent in the process of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is introduced. CMP is carried on a Ф300 mm copper film. The higher polishing rate and lower surface roughness are acquired due to the action of an FA/O chelating agent with an extremely strong chelating ability under the condition of low pressure and low abrasive concentration during the CMP process. According to the results of several kinds of additive interaction curves when the pressure is 13.78 kPa, flow rate is 150 mL/min, and the rotating speed is 55/60 rpm, it can be demonstrated that the FA/O chelating agent plays important role during the CMP process.
Experimental and theoretical study of an improved breakdown voltage SOI LDMOS with a reduced cell pitch

An improved breakdown voltage (BV) SOI power MOSFET with a reduced cell pitch is proposed and fabricated. Its breakdown characteristics are investigated numerically and experimentally. The MOSFET features dual trenches (DTMOS), an oxide trench between the source and drain regions, and a trench gate extended to the buried oxide (BOX). The proposed device has three merits. First, the oxide trench increases the electric field strength in the x-direction due to the lower permittivity of oxide (?_(ox)) than that of Si (?_(Si)). Furthermore, the trench gate, the oxide trench, and the BOX cause multi-directional depletion, improving the electric field distribution and enhancing the RESURF (reduced surface field) effect. Both increase the BV. Second, the oxide trench folds the drift region along the y-direction and thus reduces the cell pitch. Third, the trench gate not only reduces the on-resistance, but also acts as a field plate to improve the BV. Additionally, the trench gate achieves the isolation between high-voltage devices and the low voltage CMOS devices in a high-voltage integrated circuit (HVIC), effectively saving the chip area and simplifying the isolation process. An 180 V prototype DTMOS with its applied drive IC is fabricated to verify the mechanism.
An InGaAs graded buffer layer in solar cells

This paper uses an InGaAs graded buffer layer to solve the problem of lattice mismatch and device performance degradation. In the graded buffer layer, we choose the "transition layer" and the "cover layer" to accommodate the 3.9% mismatch. No threading dislocations were observed in the uppermost part of the epitaxial layer stack when using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). We analyze the factors which influence the saturation current. Simulation data shows that the cells grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have considerable open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Finally we propose that InP may have great development potential as a substrate material.
Differential selection in HIV-1 gp120 between subtype B and East Asian variant B’

HIV-1 evolves strongly and undergoes geographic differentiation as it spreads in diverse host populations around the world. For instance, distinct genomic backgrounds can be observed between the pandemic subtype B, prevalent in Europe and North-America, and its offspring clade B’ in East Asia. Here we ask whether this differentiation affects the selection pressure experienced by the virus. To answer this question we evaluate selection pressure on the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 at the level of individual codons using a simple and fast estimation method based on the ratio k_a/k_s of amino acid changes to synonymous changes. To validate the approach we compare results to those from a state-of-the-art mixed-effect method. The agreement is acceptable, but the analysis also demonstrates some limitations of the simpler approach. Further, we find similar distributions of codons under stabilizing and directional selection pressure in gp120 for subtypes B and B’ with more directional selection pressure in variable loops and more stabilizing selection in the constant regions. Focusing on codons with increased k_a/k_s values in B’, we show that these codons are scattered over the whole of gp120, with remarkable clusters of higher density in regions flanking the variable loops. We identify a significant statistical association of glycosylation sites and codons with increased k_a/k_s values.
Signaling events during initiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Under nutrient‐limiting conditions, plants will enter into symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for the enhancement of mineral nutrient acquisition from the surrounding soil. AM fungi live in close, intracellular association with plant roots where they transfer phosphate and nitrogen to the plant in exchange for carbon. They are obligate fungi,relying on their host as their only carbon source. Much has been discovered in the last decade concerning the signaling events during initiation of the AM symbiosis, including the identification of signaling molecules generated by both partners. This signaling occurs through symbiosis‐specific gene products in the host plant, which are indispensable for normal AM development. At the same time, plants have adapted complex mechanisms for avoiding infection by pathogenic fungi, including an innate immune response to general microbial molecules, such as chitin present in fungal cell walls. How it is that AM fungal colonization is maintained without eliciting a defensive response from the host is still uncertain. In this review, we present a summary of the molecular signals and their elicited responses during initiation of the AM symbiosis, including plant immune responses and their suppression.
Rock physics modeling of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs: porosity estimation and hydrocarbon detection

In heterogeneous natural gas reservoirs, gas is generally present as small patchlike pockets embedded in the water-saturated host matrix. This type of heterogeneity, also called “patchy saturation”, causes signifi cant seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. To establish the relation between seismic response and type of fl uids, we designed a rock physics model for carbonates. First, we performed CT scanning and analysis of the fl uid distribution in the partially saturated rocks. Then, we predicted the quantitative relation between the wave response at different frequency ranges and the basic lithological properties and pore fl uids. A rock physics template was constructed based on thin section analysis of pore structures and seismic inversion. This approach was applied to the limestone gas reservoirs of the right bank block of the Amu Darya River. Based on poststack wave impedance and prestack elastic parameter inversions, the seismic data were used to estimate rock porosity and gas saturation. The model results were in good agreement with the production regime of the wells.
阴囊淋巴管瘤1例报告

淋巴管瘤是先天性良性肿瘤,发生于阴茎、阴囊少见,易被误诊。现报道我院诊治的1例阴囊淋巴管瘤患者,并回顾国内外关于此病的介绍作一报道。
胸膜腺样囊性癌1例报告

腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma),又称圆柱瘤(cy-lindroma)或圆柱瘤型腺癌(adeno-carcinoma of cylindroma type),由Billroth首次报道,是居头颈部第二位的涎腺恶性肿瘤,好发于小涎腺及大涎腺中较小腺体。本院去年收治了1例不明原因胸腔积液的患者,经肺部CT、胸腔穿刺及内科胸腔镜等检查最终确诊为胸膜腺样囊性癌,因以往文献报道很少有以胸腔积液为首发症状的腺样囊性癌病例,故将本例患者诊治经过报道如下。
超声诊断降落伞型二尖瓣合并主动脉缩窄1例

总之,超声心动图作为一种无创、简便的方法,不仅能提供直接的形态学依据,而且能准确了解血流动力学状态,对于降落伞型二尖瓣畸形的诊断和治疗具有很好的指导作用。
家庭节水型厨卫系统的原理和设计

对住宅用水中各种节水途径进行了分析、探讨,并以此为切入点,对各种节水途径中所开发出的新型节水产品其原理、节水率、经济性、使用参数及综合应用等进行了分析。其中户内水的回收回用,具有使用者完全知情与掌控的特点,与传统的中水系统相比,具有易保证安全性的优势。
3-D 打印技术在整形外科的应用

3-D打印(three-dimensional printing)技术,是基于计算机三维数字成像技术和多层次连续打印技术的一种新兴应用技术。因其能将复杂三维结构数字化,并精确地打印成实物,有望解决一系列工程学和构建科学的问题,被誉为新的工业革命。从小而简单的茶杯,到大而复杂的飞机,将来都可通过3-D打印技术优化结构、简化生产过程,该技术将深刻影响人们的生活和工作。
庆大霉素液局部注射与湿敷治疗经外周静脉穿刺留置中心静脉导管置管口炎症的疗效比较

目的比较庆大霉素液局部注射与湿敷经外周静脉穿刺留置中心静脉导管(PICC)置管口炎症的疗效.方法将PICC置管口并发炎症的156例患者按单双号分组,单号为观察组78例,双号为对照组78例.观察组对PICC置管口维护后局部注射庆大霉素液,干燥方纱覆盖管口,IV3000敷料固定;对照组对PICC置管口维护后局部湿敷庆大霉素小方纱,IV3000敷料固定.换药后第3天,观察两组疗效.结果观察组治愈72例,好转5例,有效率98.72%;对照组治愈25例,好转20例,有效率57.69%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论局部注射庆大霉素治疗PICC置管口炎症较局部湿敷疗效更好.
儿童慢性咳嗽126例病因与相关因素分析

目的总结儿童慢性咳嗽特点、病因及相关影响因素.方法将126例慢性咳嗽患儿根据年龄分为4组,对这些患儿进行详尽的病史询问、仔细的体格检查及相应的辅助检查手段,最终明确病因,并根据病因及年龄特点进行分析.同时将73例对照组与126例慢性咳嗽组比较,对可能影响病因的相关因素进行分析.结果病因中以咳嗽变异性哮喘和上气道咳嗽综合征占首位,36例(28.6%),其次为感染后咳嗽32例(25.4%),变应性咳嗽11例(8.7%),而胃食管反流性咳嗽、支气管异物及心因性咳嗽为少见病因,各4例(3.2%),4例(3.2%),3例(2.4%);婴儿组和幼儿组均以感染后咳嗽病因占首位,分别为7例(41.2%),11例(39.3%),而学龄前组和学龄组以咳嗽变异性哮喘19例(39.6%),11例(33.3%)和上气道综合征17例(35.4%),11例(33.3%)病因多见.慢性咳嗽组与对照组比较,在特应性体质、哮喘、被动吸烟史、接触室内花草/宠物、接触粉尘/化工材料、居室装修过度及家族过敏史/家族哮喘史比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论咳嗽变异性哮喘、上气道咳嗽综合征、感染后咳嗽是儿童慢性咳嗽的主要病因;不同年龄段患儿慢性咳嗽主要病因不同;具有特应性体质、不良室内外环境、家族过敏史是慢性咳嗽病因的影响因素.
热休克蛋白对细胞热损伤的保护作用与机制

随着科技发展,人们生活方式的改变,由热力、化学物质、电能、放射线等引起的皮肤、黏膜、甚至深部组织的损害逐渐增多,其中以皮肤热力烧伤最常见.因此,如何提高细胞热耐受能力、维持细胞内环境稳定、促进烧伤创面的愈合成为临床研究重点.自1962年Ritossa首次从果蝇观察到热休克反应(heatshockresponse,HSR)以来,人们发现热休克反应是与细胞内许多其他信号通路有联系的高度保守的基因调控网络,并为细胞提供适应环境和生存的能力.目前人们公认生物的HSR遵循精密且高度保守的分子应答模式,即合成某些蛋白的基因被关闭,而热休克蛋白(heatshockprotein,HSP)基因的激活却使得大量的HSP优先合成并通过胞浆入核转位以提供细胞保护作用.HSP在各方面的研究都取得了不少的进展,其中热应激条件下对机体细胞的保护作用是其一个重要的研究方向,本文就热休克蛋白在细胞热耐受和凋亡两个方面的保护机制作简要的综述.
山慈姑对甲状腺癌SW579细胞BCL-2和C-myc表达的影响

目的探讨中药山慈姑对甲状腺癌凋亡相关基因BCL-2和C-myc表达水平的影响.方法不同浓度的山慈姑作用于人甲状腺癌SW579细胞48h后,采用MTT法计算出山慈姑对SW579的半数抑制浓度(IC50);将实验分为山慈姑0.5IC50(低浓度)组、IC_(50)(中浓度)组、2IC50(高浓度)组和阴性对照组4个组,将各浓度组药物分别作用于SW579细胞48h后,RT-PCR检测各组BCL-2和C-myc基因的表达水平.结果山慈姑对SW579细胞的IC_(50)为18.81mg/mL;山慈姑对SW579细胞增殖有抑制作用(P<0.01),且随着浓度的增加,抗增殖作用增强(P<0.05);随着药物浓度的增加,BCL-2基因(P<0.05)与C-myc基因(P<0.01)表达水平下调.结论山慈姑有抑制甲状腺癌细胞的增殖作用,这一作用可能与下调凋亡相关基因BCL-2与C-myc表达水平有关.
国际生物土壤结皮研究发展态势文献计量分析

生物土壤结皮是荒漠生态系统组成和地表景观的重要特征。近年来,各国和各相关研究机构对生物土壤结皮的研究力度不断加大。利用Bibexcel和NetDraw等文献计量工具,对Web of Science数据库中国际生物土壤结皮研究相关文献进行了分析。在对主要国家和机构的发文进行统计分析后发现:美国、德国和西班牙等国的生物土壤结皮研究论文的综合影响力较高;胡安?卡洛斯国王大学和美国地质调查局等机构的论文影响力较大;中国生物土壤结皮研究论文在总量上优势明显,但高质量论文不多;国际生物土壤结皮研究的主要研究热点集中在腾格里沙漠等沙漠地区,氮循环研究和微生物群落研究是研究的重点。
The Development of A Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Aflatoxin Detection

A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed for the analysis ofaflatoxins (AFs) using an anti-aflatoxin B_1 (AFB_1) monoclonal antibody and a novel fluorescein-labeled AFB_1 tracer. The FPIA showed an IC_(50) value of 23.33 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 13.12 ng/mL for AFB_1. The cross-reactivities of AFB_1, AFB_2, AFG_1, AFG_2, AFM_1, and AFM_2 with the antibody were 100%, 65.7%, 143%, 23.5%, 111.4%, and 2%, respectively. The group-specificity of anti-AFB_1mAb indicated that the FPIA could potentially be used in a screening method for the detection of total AFs, albeit not AFG_2 and AFM_2. The total time required for analyzing 96 samples in one microplate was less than 5 min. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of the FPIA as a rapid and simple technique for monitoring AFs.
Dyslipidemia and Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective To study the relationship between dyslipidemia and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Data about 1 568 patients with acute ischemic stroke were collected from 4 hospitals in Shandong Province from January 2006 to December 2008. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) >10 at discharge or death was defined as the outcome. Effect of dyslipidemia on outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score-adjusted analysis, respectively. Results The serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were significantly associated with the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score-adjusted analysis showed that the ORs and 95% CIs were 3.013 (1.259, 7.214)/2.655 (1.298, 5.43), 3.157 (1.306, 7.631)/3.405 (1.621, 7.154), and 0.482 (0.245, 0.946)/0.51 (0.282, 0.921), respectively, for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed no significant difference in observed and predicted risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke (chi-square=8.235, P=0.411). Conclusion Serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C are positively related with the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Proto col Design for Output Consensus of Port-controlled Hamiltonian Multi-agent Systems

This paper investigates the output consensus problem of port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) multi-agent systems with both fixed and switching topologies. Firstly, a distributed group output consensus protocol is designed via the energy shaping method to reach globally stability and group output consensus. Secondly, a new distributed control protocol is proposed by using the structural properties of the PCH systems. The advantage of this protocol is that it can transform the directed graph to the undirected graph by constructing a kind of virtual neighbors. Thirdly, a control protocol is designed with the extended LaSalle0s invariance principle developed for switched systems under the jointly connected topology condition to make all the agents reach output consensus when the topology is switching. Finally, some illustrative examples with simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the protocols designed in this paper.
木犀属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

木犀属植物共约30种,分布于亚洲东南部和美洲,我国共产25种及3变种(占世界的82.76%),是世界木犀属植物的分布中心。桂花(木犀)作为木犀属主要的代表物种和研究对象,在我国园艺和食品领域拥有悠久的应用历史。在药用方面,桂花主要用作止痛剂,治疗胃气痛。但目前对桂花和木犀属植物的化学成分研究并不多。为了进一步开发桂花及木犀属植物资源的药用价值,对木犀属植物的主要化学成分和药理作用进行综述,以期为其深入研究提供参考。