mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Good pregnancy prognosis for a woman with panhypopituitarism

A 38-year-old woman was pregnant with a history of panhypopituitarism. In 2006,she underwent transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. The adenoma was not totally resected due to its location wrapping around the left internal carotid artery. The pathological diagnosis was growth hormone adenoma. In 2006, she was treated with γ system radiosurgery and Somatostatin. Secondary glucose intolerance was diagnosed in 2007.
嵌合型抗原受体基因修饰的T细胞研究进展

肿瘤免疫治疗在肿瘤治疗中发挥的作用日益受到重视,而作为肿瘤免疫治疗重要组成部分的过继性细胞治疗(Adoptive cellular therapy, ACT),因其可在短时间内扩增和活化具有抗瘤活性的效应细胞,治疗副作用轻微等优点而在临床研究中备受关注。TIL、CIK、NK、NKT和γδT这些用于ACT的细胞在临床应用研究中取得一定的疗效,但是肿瘤抗原特异性强、亲和力好的免疫细胞来源困难、数量较少,以及杀瘤活性、体内持续时间未能达到临床应用的需求,在一定程度上制约了ACT的发展。于是,研究者尝试使用基因修饰T细胞来解决这个问题,用来修饰T细胞的基因有TCR、CAR(Chimeric antigen receptor,嵌合型抗原受体)、促进免疫细胞增殖的细胞因子(如IL-2、IL-15)等。其中,嵌合型抗原受体基因修饰的T细胞(Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, CART)是以能编码单链抗体-共刺激分子-免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序的嵌合分子的融合基因修饰T细胞而产生的一种基因修饰T细胞。因其具有肿瘤抗原识别特异性强、亲和力高、非MHC限制性及可在体内外大量扩增的优点而受到较多的关注,本文将对CART的研究进展予以综述。
Back-illuminated AI_xGa_(1-x)N-based dual-band solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors

Back-illuminated Al_xGa_(1-x)N-based dual-band solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) are realized by a three-terminal n-i-p-i-n heterojunction structure which is grown on sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The two p-i-n junctions contained in the heterojunction structure can work separately and independently. Working in the photovoltaic mode, the PDs display peak responsivity of ?10.8 mA/W at 242 nm and ?5.0 mA/W at 257 nm，respectively. The two junctions with different size， whose diameters are 500 μm and 800 μm， exhibit almost the same leakage current of ?1.3 x 10~(-9) A at a reverse bias of 10 V. Therefore, dark current densities of the two junctions are close to 6.6 x 10~(-7) A/cm~2 and 2.6 x 10~(-7) A/cm~2 at -10 V respectively.
Optical properties of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole thin films: the electrolyte effect

Polypyrrole thin films are prepared by the potentiostatic mode of electrodeposition at +0.7 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The polypyrrole films are prepared in the presence of different electrolytes such as: p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTS), oxalic acid and H_2SO_4. The prepared films are characterized by UVvis absorption spectroscopy and normal reflectance measurements. The electrochemically synthesized films are semiconductor in nature. The band gap energy of polypyrrole thin films is found to be 1.95, 1.92 and 1.79 eV for H_2SO_4, oxalic acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid, respectively. The normal reflectance spectroscopy of polypyrrole films shows that the maximum reflectance is in the presence of p-toluene sulphonic acid; this is may be due to a more distinct microstructure than the others. The optical constants such as the extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, etc. are calculated and studied with various electrolytes.
医学古籍中的实词活用研究

古汉语中，某个词属于某一词类已经比较固定，各类词在句子中充当什么成分也有了比较明确的分工。但是，有些实词在一定的语言环境中，临时改变词性、功能、意义，充当其他词类才能充当的句子成分，这就是实词的活用。1922年陈承泽在其《国文法草创》中首次对“词类活用”进行了系统的论述：“盖凡字一义只有一质而可有数用，从其本来之质而用之者，谓之本用；……若明其本用，则活用自得类推。”该学说如今已经成为古代汉语语法研究中的一个重要理论。医学古籍中，实词的活用非常普遍，主要有名词、动词、形容词、数词的活用和使动、意动用法。由于年代久远，许多词在语义、语法、功用方面都发生了很大的变化，了解这些变化和用法，对我们读通、读懂医学古文，正确地理解医学典籍，提高运用中医药古籍的能力有着非常重要的作用。
全面加强中医药服务能力建设的SWOT分析及其对策

加强中医药服务能力建设需要医院制定出适应外部环境变化，长期、稳定、健康发展的规划和措施，常用的方法是采用SWOT分析。SWOT分析就是对优势(Strengths )、劣势(Weaknesses )、机遇(Opportunities)与威胁(Threats)的分析。通过调查和列举与研究对象密切相关的各种主要内部优势、劣势和外部机会、威胁等要素，并运用系统分析的思想对各种因素进行匹配性分析，从而得出正确决策结论并用于科学指导实践的分析方法。本文以重庆市中医院为例，运用SWOT分析方法深入分析在医疗卫生体制改革的背景下，全面提升中医药服务能力建设所面临的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁及其对策。
10例骨髓坏死临床分析

目的探讨骨髓坏死(BMN)的临床特征、实验室检查特点及预后。方法对10例BMN患者的原发病诊断、临床表现及实验室检查结果以及治疗预后进行分析总结。结果10例患者中4例为非霍杰金淋巴瘤，2例为急性淋巴细胞白血病，1例为骨髓增殖性疾病，3例为骨髓转移癌。骨痛、发热、血细胞减少、乳酸脱氢酶(LPH)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)增高，BMN样改变为常见临床及实验室特点；10例患者中，9例死亡，1例原发病缓解后存活。结论BMN主要见于恶性肿瘤，预后差，原发病治疗是关键因素。
Calculation and Analysis of Switching Overvol-tage Front Time and Switching Impulse Insulation Coordination for UHV AC Transmission Line of Chinese Pilot Project and Double-circuit Project

The size of a tower on an ultra high voltage (UHV) AC transmission line relates to the air gap determined by a switching overvoltage. According to the results of air gap switching impulse (SI) tests, the longer is the time to crest of a switching impulse, the higher is the discharge voltage in the air gap. Five definitions were used to calculate the front time of the switching overvoltage (SOV) impulses either measured in the field test or calculated by the EMTP software, and to convert the impulses into the double exponential switching pulsed voltages for the air gap tests at the full scale UHV AC transmission line towers and other apparatus in a substation. The results show that the SI impulse with 1 000/5 000 μs can be specified as the test impulse. According to the results of gap clearance tests which adopted 1 000/5 000 μs SI impulses, with the assumption that the middle phase air gap of the UHV single-circuit tower is 7.7 m and the altitude for the whole lines is 1 500 m, the calculated flashover rates of energizing overvoltage and single phase faults are 1.23xl0~(-10) per year and 8.63 xl0~(-4) per year, respectively; both of the rates are less than 0.01 per year and hence meet the requirements of the national standards in China.
Influence of Package Form on Electromagnetic Pulse Protective Characteristics of Transient Voltage Suppressor Transistors

Adding transient voltage suppressor (TVS) transistors to an electric circuit is an important method to protect it from the fast-risetime electromagnetic pulse (FREMP) damage. The package form of the TVS transistors influences the volume, response time, and power consumption of the circuit. However, the influence of the package form on the clamp voltage of TVS transistors affected by FREMP is not considered yet. In this article, the results of the experiment comparing the influence of package form are described, where the rectangular pulses with rise time shorter than 1 ns are used to test protection performance of three different TVS transistors, which have the same framework but different breakdown voltages. The influence of the different package forms on the clamp voltage is analyzed by using the fitting model. It is found that the package form of TVS transistors has less influence on the current characteristics of their protection performance, but more on the voltage characteristics. It is concluded that the diameter or width of the TVS transistors is the main factor determining the clamp voltage. Thus, the diameter or width of the TVS transistors should be big enough to ensure the stabilization of clamp voltage, but, at the same time, fit the allowing volume.
糖皮质激素雾化吸入疗法在儿科应用的专家共识（2014年修订版）

吸入型糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroids，ICS)是目前治疗慢性气道炎症常用、有效的药物。近三十年来，随着ICS在儿科临床的应用和普及，支气管哮喘等疾病的防治获得了较大的成效。目前，ICS的不同剂型，如压力定量气雾剂(pressurized metered-dose inhalers, pMDI)、干粉剂(dry powder inhalers, DPI)和雾化混悬液，在临床应用中均已显示出良好的疗效。在不同疾病的儿科患者中，应根据病情、年龄选用不同剂型的ICS。本共识仅针对ICS雾化混悬液的吸入治疗。
An SLF magnetic antenna calibration system

Calibrating the super low frequency (SLF) magnetic antenna in magnetic free space or an outdoor environment is difficult and complicated due to the large size calibration instruments and lots of measurement times. Aiming to calibrate the SLF magnetic antenna simply and efficiently, a calibration system comprised of a multifrequency source, an AC constant-current source and a solenoid is proposed according to the characteristic of an SLF magnetic antenna. The static magnetic transfer coefficient of the designed solenoid is calibrated. The measurement of the frequency response characteristics suggests the transfer coefficient remains unchanged in the range of the SLF band and is unaffected by the magnetic antenna internally installed. The CORDIC algorithm implemented in an FPGA is realized to generate a linear evenly-spaced multi-frequency signal with equal energy at each frequency. An AC constant weak current source circuit is designed in order to avoid the impact on the magnetic induction intensity of a calibration system affected by impedance variation when frequency changing, linearity and the precision of the source are measured. The frequency characteristic of a magnetic antenna calibrated by the proposed calibration system agrees with the theoretical result and the standard Glass ring calibration result. The calibration precision satisfies the experimental requirement.
Influence of atomic layer deposition Al_2O_3 nano-layer on the surface passivation of silicon solar cells

A stack of Al_2O_3/SiN_x dual layer was applied for the back side surface passivation of p-type multicrystalline silicon solar cells, with laser-opened line metal contacts, forming a local aluminum back surface field(local Al-BSF) structure. A slight amount of Al_2O_3, wrapping around to the front side of the wafer during the thermal atomic layer deposition process, was found to have a negative influence on cell performance. The different process flow was found to lead to a different cell performance, because of the Al_2O_3 wrapping around the front surface. The best cell performance, with an absolute efficiency gain of about 0.6% compared with the normal full Al-BSF structure solar cell, was achieved when the Al_2O_3 layer was deposited after the front surface of the wafer had been covered by a SiN_x layer. We discuss the possible reasons for this phenomenon, and propose three explanations as the Ag paste, being hindered from firing through the front passivation layer, degraded the SiN_x passivation effect and the Al_2O_3 induced an inversion effect on the front surface. Characterization methods like internal quantum efficiency and contact resistance scanning were used to assist our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Effect of Ga_2O_3 buffer layer thickness on the properties of Cu/ITO thin films deposited on flexible substrates

Cu and Cu/ITO films were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrates with a Ga_2O_3 buffer layer using radio frequency(RF) and direct current(DC) magnetron sputtering. The effect of Cu layer thickness on the optical and electrical properties of the Cu film deposited on a PET substrate with a Ga_2O_3 buffer layer was studied, and an appropriate Cu layer thickness of 4.2 nm was obtained. Changes in the optoelectrical properties of Cu(4.2 nm)/ITO(30 nm) films were investigated with respect to the Ga_2O_3 buffer layer thickness. The optical and electrical properties of the Cu/ITO films were significantly influenced by the thickness of the Ga_2O_3 buffer layer. A maximum transmission of 86%, sheet resistance of 45 /?? and figure of merit of 3.96 ×10~(-3)?~(-1) were achieved for Cu(4.2 nm)/ITO(30 nm) films with a Ga_2O_3 layer thickness of 15 nm.
A 0.6 V 10 bit 1 MS/s monotonic switching SAR ADC with common mode stabilizer in 0.13 μm CMOS

This paper presents a 0.6 V 10 bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC design dedicated to the wireless sensor network application. It adopts a monotonic switching scheme in the DAC to save chip area and power consumption. The main drawback of the monotonic switching scheme is its large common mode shift and the associated comparator offset variation. Due to the limited headroom at the 0.6 V supply voltage, the conventional constant current biasing technique cannot be applied to the dynamic comparator. In this design, a common mode stabilizer is introduced to address this issue in low-voltage design. The effectiveness of this method is verified through both simulation and measurement results. Fabricated with 1P8M 0.13 μm CMOS technology, the proposed SAR ADC consumes 6.3 μW at 1 MS/s from a 0.6 V supply, and achieves 51.25 dB SNDR at the Nyquist frequency and FOM of 21 fJ/conversion-step. The core area is only 120 × 300 μm~2.
中药研发的困惑与对策

该论文对中药研发中存在的问题进行了总结、分析,并试着提出应对的策略。文章从中西医药学比较、中药研发中存在的问题、中药研发的策略三个方面进行了阐述,最终认为解决制约中药研发瓶颈的办法,除了做大量艰苦的基础性研究工作外,没有捷径可走。
免疫组化检测特异性分子靶点在非小细胞肺癌个体化治疗中的应用价值

随着分子靶向药物的不断涌现,使非小细胞肺癌的个体化治疗成为了现实。分子病理诊断结果是非小细胞肺癌患者接受个体化治疗的前提。然而,由于分子学技术的高昂成本及其对组织标本和实验室标准的严格要求制约了分子病理检测的广泛开展。因此,在保证检测结果准确的前提下,寻找便捷的筛查方法具有重要意义。最近,随着一些突变特异性抗体的相继出现和应用,使得免疫组化成为一种有效的特异性分子靶点检测手段。
重视盆底解剖与妊娠期变化减少产科手术并发症

产科一向是一门相对独立的学科,随着近40余年围产医学的发展,围产医学进一步发展为母胎医学,这一发展趋势使得产科从最早关注助产发展到现在已经成为相对复杂的学科。围产期母儿疾病内科处理、外科手术治疗结局,以及对母儿远期影响使产科工作具有其特殊性,更是产科医师必须关注的问题,而盆底结构的了解是完成产科手术关键。需要手术处理的产科手术不同于普通外科手术,除必须考虑妊娠期间病理生理变化以及胎儿情况外,应像内科医师一样熟悉妊娠期间所用药物对手术影响,像解剖学教师一样熟悉盆底以及周围毗邻器官关系,像外科医师一样具备娴熟手术技巧。产科手术多为急诊,而又具有其妊娠特殊复杂性,处置不当则会导致医疗纠纷。根据美国妇产科医师协会(ACOG)的调查结果显示:产科医师职业生涯中平均被起诉2. 6次,1/7的产科医师将不再从事产科。所以,为保障母婴安全,关注产科手术、重视盆底解剖是关键。
46,XY,t(10;13)(q11.2;q12)伴不育一例

讨论染色体异常中以平衡易位最为常见,后者也是引起流产、不孕的主要原因之一。平衡易位携带者尽管染色体结构发生了改变,但没有明显的遗传物质丢失或增加,因此表型及智力均正常,但减数分裂时同源染色体经过互换、分离,将形成18种配子,受精后所形成的合子中仅1种为正常,1种携带平衡易位,其余均为完全或部分单体或三体畸形合子,可导致流产、死胎或畸形儿出生。我们报告的患者的妻子所孕胚胎可能从亲代获得1条或2条易位的衍生染色体,从而造成某个易位节段的缺失或重复,导致胚胎发育异常,表现为早期胚胎停育以及流产。由于患者父母拒绝做染色体检查,因此无从确定患者易位是家族遗传还是新生突变。
Illumina测序技术在母血检测胎儿非整倍体中的应用

目的探讨Illumina无创测序技术检测孕妇外周血中的胎儿游离DNA,在胎儿染色体非整倍体的无创产前检测的应用价值。方法选择2011年4月至2013年4月在贵阳医学院附属医院贵州省产前诊断中心就诊孕妇2200人,孕周为12~30周,高龄妊娠、血清学高危和(或)超声提示胎儿异常等,抽取孕妇外周血,提取DNA,制备文库,应用Illumina Hiseq2000高通量测序,对母血中游离DNA进行测序分析,对阳性结果进行羊水穿刺或脐血穿刺行染色体核型分析;对阴性结果进行随访,对新生儿外周血进行染色体核型分析。结果2200名孕妇的游离DNA检测结果为阳性31例,其中21三体14例,18三体4例,13三体5例,4号三体1例,45,X 3例,47,XXX 4例;所有阳性结果均经羊水穿刺或脐血穿刺行染色体核型分析,其中21三体、18三体、4号三体符合率100%, 13三体有1例不符合,45,X有1例不符合,47,XXX有2例不符合,其中1例经核型证实来源于孕妇,孕妇本身为47,XXX;所有阴性结果均在随访时行外周血染色体核型分析,检测出易位19例、倒位24例、多态20例。结论Illumina无创测序技术适合用于胎儿非整倍体检测,对染色体易位、倒位、多态等不具有检出作用,在性染色体非整倍体的检出率上还有待加深测序深度,提高检出率。
两种带蒂皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损的疗效比较

目的探讨比较示指背侧岛状皮瓣和拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法2010年1月至2013年6月,应用示指背侧顺行岛状皮瓣和拇指尺背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指末节皮肤缺损45例,随机分为两组,其中示指背侧顺行岛状皮瓣组25例(修复指腹缺损16例、指端皮肤缺损4例、末节背侧皮肤缺损5例),拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣组20例(修复指端皮肤缺损10例、指腹缺损6例、背侧皮肤缺损4例),术后对皮瓣的成活率、拇指的功能恢复、供区的影响进行回顾比较分析。结果两组分别平均随访13、15个月,所有皮瓣全部成活,感觉恢复,示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复组两点辨别觉为5~8mm;拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣修复组两点辨别觉为6~10mm,均达到S~(3+)级以上,根据综合质地感觉比较拇指尺背侧皮瓣优于示指背侧皮瓣。拇指指间关节活动与健侧相比无明显差异。示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损的外形不如拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣修复的效果好,且示指背侧供区游离植皮易与指背腱膜粘连,影响滑动,需术后配合功能练习和康复治疗。结论示指背侧岛状皮瓣和拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣血供安全、可靠,是修复拇指指背、指腹缺损的理想皮瓣;对于拇指指端缺损的修复,拇指尺背侧岛状皮瓣优于示指背侧岛状皮瓣,从对供区的影响角度看,拇指尺背侧皮瓣优于示指背侧岛状皮瓣。
A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic (SPH) and finite element (FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH-FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH-FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.
HIV-infected Female Sex Workers High Risk Behavior and Attitude Changes in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China

Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China.The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future.Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012.All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners.Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups.The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%.The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients.Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.
系统性红斑狼疮致延髓背外侧综合征一例

讨论神经精神性狼疮为SLE出现精神及中枢神经系统损害,其中器质性脑病属狼疮高活动的表现,病变位置决定患者预后。延髓背外侧综合征(Wallenberg综合征)是病变位于延髓上段的背外侧区,是脑干梗死,致死率、致残率高。SLE致延髓背外侧综合征于1967年由Stutzer首次报道,至今全世界仅为个例报道。
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) with preceding Epstein-Barr virus infection: a new type PRP with non-HIV virus infection?

PRP is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology which occurs equally in males and females.In some patients, associated autoimmune diseases, infections, or malignancies are possible trigger factors.Griffiths firstly classified PRP into five subgroups based on age of onset, clinical course, morphologic features, and prognosis.1 Recently, some PRP patients have been reported with HIV infection and they had different clinical features and a poorer prognosis.2 Although viral infection besides HIV, etc.rubella, influenza, CMV, varicella, is known to precede PRP patients, many more studies are needed to explore the relationship between viral infection and PRP.More and more viral infection associated PRP patients suggested a distinct pathogenesis which differs with existing PRP.So we approve here a new category of classification of PRP (non-HIV virus infection associated PRP, type 7).Viral infection may produce modification of immune responses and inflammation of the skin as a target, and may lead to the development of PRP.3 Immune response modifiers such as efalizumab and imiquimod can exacerbate PRP, supporting their hypothesis.In our patient, the EBV antibodies and titer change revealed a primary systemic EBV infection.But the EBER-ISH identified no viral-like particles, and histologically, there were no "vesicular cells" that resulted with human papilloma virus direct infection.Thus, we suppose that the EBV induced PRP through an immune pathway but a direct infection keratinocyte.
超声及超声造影参数对食管静脉曲张程度及出血的诊断价值

食管静脉曲张破裂出血(esophageal variceal hemorrhage,EVH)是肝硬化及门静脉高压患者的严重并发症,病情凶险,因此所有确诊肝硬化的患者都应筛查有无曲张静脉和进行曲张静脉的风险评估。目前肝静脉压力梯度(hepatic venous pressure gradient,HVPG)和内镜下食管静脉曲张压力测定仍是确定门静脉高压和静脉曲张存在及其程度的金标准,但由于二者有侵入性、风险大、价格高和随访困难等问题,所以限制了其在临床上的广泛应用,故迫切需要寻找能预测食管静脉曲张程度及出血的非侵入性指标。多普勒超声是诊断和随访肝脏疾病的一线检查方法。研究发现肝硬化患者肝静脉减振指数(damping index of hepatic vein, HV-DI)、肝静脉渡越时间(hepatic vein arrival time, HVAT)等超声参数的变化与HVPG相关,能反映门静脉压力的变化,但鲜见应用上述指标预测食管静脉曲张程度和EVH的研究。因此,本研究拟探讨肝脏多普勒超声及超声造影参数对食管静脉曲张程度及EVH的诊断价值。
索拉非尼治疗肾透明细胞癌致上消化道出血一例

讨论索拉非尼是一种多激酶抑制剂,具有抗血管生成、促进细胞凋亡和抑制Raf激酶等活性的作用。Ⅱ期临床研究的结果提示,索拉非尼对晚期肾细胞癌和其他实体肿瘤有临床疗效。2005年12月30日,索拉非尼作为治疗晚期肾细胞癌的新药被美国国家药品管理局正式批准应用于临床。而后索拉非尼获欧盟扩大上市许可,用于治疗肝细胞癌。索拉非尼于2006年11月底正式在我国上市。索拉非尼最常见的不良反应包括手足综合征、疲乏、腹泻、皮疹、恶心、瘙痒、高血压、呕吐和食欲减退等。其中皮肤毒性和胃肠道反应是最常见的不良反应。郑惊雷等曾报告索拉非尼致急性药物性肝炎1例。本例患者在服用索拉非尼半个月后即出现上消化道出血,而在既往使用其他药物时未出现过此类现象,停用索拉非尼后消化道出血停止,可以推断上消化道出血确实为服用索拉非尼引起。近年来关于索拉非尼副作用的临床报道较多,但有关口服索拉非尼致消化道出血的报道罕见。索拉非尼引起出血的原因目前尚不明确,考虑与胃肠道黏膜的直接刺激有关。提示我们临床医师今后在使用索拉非尼时,应注意人种的差异,使用过程中密切监测患者的病情变化,以确保患者的用药安全。
鹅去氧胆酸对高果糖喂养大鼠肾脏脂质合成和分解代谢的影响

目的通过观察高果糖喂养大鼠肾组织中固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1c、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)-1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)-α及酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACO)的变化,探讨其对脂质合成代谢和分解代谢的影响并观察鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA)的保护作用。方法将48只大鼠分为对照组,高果糖组及CDCA组,每组16只,8、16 w时分批处死,检测各组大鼠的肾功能、空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂及24 h尿微量白蛋白(UMA);检测大鼠肾皮质甘油三酯(TG)含量;SREBP-1c、SCD-1、 PPAR-α及ACO基因和蛋白的表达分别采用实时荧光定量PCR分析技术及Western印迹法。结果与对照组比较,高果糖组大鼠左肾重/体重,血中TG和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)水平明显升高,24 hUMA增加,肾组织中TG水平明显增高,且随时间延长而加重(P<0.05);SREBP-1c和SCD-1基因及蛋白表达明显增加,且随时间延长其表达更多(P<0.01);PPAR-α和ACO基因及蛋白表达明显减少,且随时间延长其表达更少(P<0.01)。CDCA组上述指标明显改善(P<0.05)。结论高果糖饮食喂养可导致大鼠高TG血症、高VLDL血症、高尿酸血症和UMA水平增加,可引起大鼠肾皮质TG蓄积。高果糖促使肾组织脂质合成代谢增强,分解代谢减弱,进而导致肾脏损伤。CDCA可下调SREBP-1c和SCD-1基因及蛋白表达,上调PPAR-α和ACO基因及蛋白表达,减少脂质合成,促进脂质分解,减轻肾损伤。
核因子-κB/p65和环氧化酶-2表达对非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响

目的检测不同病理类型肺癌的核因子(NF)-κB/p65和环氧化酶(COX)-2的表达,评估二者对患者预后的意义。方法50例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者通过支气管镜检,同时采集肿瘤组织和正常黏膜。采用NF-κB/p65和COX-2的抗体进行免疫组化检测,观察NF-κB/p65和COX-2的表达同肿瘤的发生、分级、转移的相关性。结果36例(72%)NF-κB/p65表达阳性,鳞状细胞癌和腺癌NF-κB/p65的表达水平明显高于正常组织。腺癌的NF-κB/p65的表达水平高于鳞状细胞癌和大细胞癌。45例(90%)COX-2表达阳性,而正常组织中不表达COX-2。腺癌COX-2的表达水平显著高于鳞状细胞癌和大细胞癌。NF-κB/p65和COX-2的表达与晚期肿瘤,淋巴结转移及其分级有关,同时NF-κB/p65和COX-2二者的表达水平呈显著正相关。结论NF-κB/p65和COX-2的表达水平对于NSCLC患者的预后具有重要诊断意义,二者可以作为新的抗肺癌治疗方法的一个靶点,通过抑制NF-κB/p65和COX-2能改善患者的抗癌疗效。
An improved wind speed algorithm for “Jason-1” altimeter under tropical cyclone conditions

Rain effect and lack of in situ validation data are two main causes of tropical cyclone wind retrieval errors. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique(CMORPH) rain rate is introduced to a match-up dataset and then put into a rain correction model to remove rain effects on “Jason-1” normalized radar cross section (NRCS); Hurricane Research Division (HRD) wind speed, which integrates all available surface weather observations, is used to substitute in situ data for establishing this relationship with “Jason-1” NRCS. Then, an improved “Jason-1” wind retrieval algorithm under tropical cyclone conditions is proposed. Seven tropical cyclones from 2003 to 2010 are studied to validate the new algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the standard deviation of this algorithm at C-band and Ku-band is 1.99 and 2.75 m/s respectively, which is better than the existing algorithms. In addition, the C-band algorithm is more suitable for sea surface wind retrieval than Ku-band under tropical cyclone conditions.
An intelligent coastline interpretation of several types of seacoasts from TM/ETM+ images based on rules

A coastline is defined as the average spring tide line. Different types of seacoast, such as sandy, silty, and biological coast, have different indicators of interpretation. It is very difficult to develop a universal method for interpreting all shorelines. Therefore, the sandy, the silty, and the biological coast are regarded as research objects, and with data mining technology, found the rules of interpretation of those three types of coastlines. Then, an intelligent coastline interpretation method based on rules was proposed. Firstly, the rules for extracting the waterline in Landsat TM/ETM+ (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) imagery were discovered. Then, through analyzing the features of sandy, silty and biological coast, the indicators of interpreting different types of shoreline were determined. According to the indicators, the waterline could be corrected to the real coastline. In order to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms, three Landsat TM/ETM+ imageries were selected for case studies. The experimental results showed that the proposed methods could interpret the coastlines of sandy, silty, and biological coasts with high precision and without human intervention, which exceeded three pixels.