mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
可生物降解螯合剂GLDA和磷素活化剂促进东南景天提取土壤重金属的潜力

植物提取是重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术中去除重金属最具前途的方式之一。为了进一步提高植物对重金属的提取效率,向土壤施加螯合剂增加土壤重金属的可溶性,促进植物对重金属的吸收和积累,该技术被称为螯合诱导植物提取技术。EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)由于其较强的络合能力,是目前常用和研究较多的螯合剂。但EDTA在环境中不易被生物降解,施入土壤的EDTA有着较长的残留效应,因此施用EDTA存在潜在的环境风险。因此,选择适宜的螯合剂是螯合诱导植物提取技术的关键。其中,可生物降解的螯合剂EDDS(乙二胺二琥珀酸)成为EDTA的主要替代品,但是EDDS价格昂贵,难以推广应用。因此,寻找易生物降解、环保安全的促进植物提取重金属的螯合剂或材料等成为必然。
进展性卒中相关危险因素分析

大约有27.8%~33.6% 的急性脑卒中患者发展为进展性脑卒中(SIP)。因其目前缺乏有效的治疗措施,致残率及死亡率均高,且患者及家属难以接受和理解,易导致医患纠纷。所以,临床医生应提高对SIP的认识,及早对其危险因素进行干预。目前国内外很多研究表明,动脉粥样硬化、动脉狭窄、急性期血压降低、高血糖、体温升高、高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血症、C反应蛋白(CRP)升高、高脂血症、谷氨酸升高、高纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体升高、高尿酸血症(HUA)等均能引起脑卒中的进展。
64排螺旋CT低剂量扫描方案在老年人主动脉夹层诊断中的应用价值研究

主动脉夹层(AD)是一种严重威胁人类生命的血管疾病,在老年人中的发病率较高,不及时进行诊治死亡率极高。随着多排螺旋CT在临床的应用,特别是64排螺旋CT对血管内成像显示的更加清晰,对于AD能清晰显示其破口的位置、病变形态、范围、重要分支血管情况以及其与周围解剖结构的关系。但是常规扫描的主动脉CT血管造影(CTA)扫描辐射量大,并且应用的对比剂量大,一方面增加老年人罹患癌症的概率,另一方面对比剂的肾毒性等副作用对老年人的损害较大。本文旨在研究通过降低CT扫描时的管电压(Kv)值及减小对比剂用量的方法,实现低辐射和低剂量CTA检查的可行性。
有氧训练联合汗蒸疗法对中年人群体脂和血脂的影响

中老年肥胖患者,运动量减少、新陈代谢能力减低以及摄入营养过剩等因素致使能量在体内积累,是造成中老年人群肥胖的主要因素,运用有氧运动对肥胖症及高脂血症进行预防和治疗,一般要求患者进行不间断持续性训练,且每次运动消耗热量须达300 kCal以上才能取得良好治疗效果。本研究在常规有氧训练的基础上联合汗蒸疗法对中年肥胖症患者进行治疗,观察其疗效。
比伐卢定与替罗非班合用肝素在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的疗效

目的对比分析比伐卢定与替罗非班加肝素在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效。方法选取该院2010年9月至2013年12月行PCI患者82例,采用随机数字表分为实验组和对照组,各41例,实验组在急诊PCI术前及术中给予比伐卢定;对照组在急诊PCI术前及术中给予滴注替罗非班和普通肝素,分别检测和比较两组患者的血流情况、ST段回降百分比、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及术后出血情况。结果实验组血流情况在0、1、2、3级的患者人数分别为1、4、4、32例,ST段无回降者2例、部分回降4例、完全回降者35例,NT-proBNP平均差值为(727.59±87.29)pg/ml,2例(4.9%)患者出现消化道出血;对照组血流情况在0、1、2、3级的患者人数分别为3、2、3、33例,ST段无回降者3例、部分回降者5例、完全回降者33例,NT-proBNP平均差值为(724.46±82.16)pg/ml,11例(26.8%)患者出现出血症状;两组患者的血流情况、ST段回降情况及NT-proBNP平均差值均无统计学差异(均P>0.05),两组术后出血情况存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论比伐卢定与替罗非班加肝素在急诊经PCI治疗中的疗效相当,但比伐卢定治疗可减少术后出血情况的发生率。
胰岛素泵强化治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效

目的探讨胰岛素泵泵入门冬胰岛素、门冬胰岛素+地特胰岛素对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的疗效。方法将64例早期DN患者随机分为胰岛素泵泵入门冬胰岛素组(CSII组)、门冬胰岛素+地特胰岛素组(MSII组),治疗4 w后观察两组的血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、尿微量蛋白(ACR)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、24 h尿蛋白的变化。结果两组治疗后血糖、HbA1c、ACR、UAER、24 h尿蛋白较治疗前均有下降并差异显著(P<0.05),血糖、HbA1c、低血糖次数治疗组较对照组下降更明显并有统计学差异,ACR、UAER、24 h尿蛋白无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论胰岛素泵泵入门冬胰岛素能显著降低早期DN的ACR、UAER、24 h尿蛋白,降糖更安全、更迅速。
髋部骨折后1年内患者机体物理功能与体重指数体重降低的关系研究

[目的]探讨住院时的体重指数(BMI)或自住院起一段时间内体重变化是否会影响髋部骨折后一年内患者机体物理功能。[方法]观察了本地两大医院的年龄>65岁的女性髋部骨折患者。将数据等分成3组。通过统计学模型调整数据及校正后,分别比较BMI 及体重变化三组的上述观察值间是否存在统计学意义。[结果]结果显示,三组(BMI 及体重变化)整体比较时,除了体重降低组12个月时的握力,所有时间点的功能及功能变化的差异无统计学意义。三组中体重变化最大组相对于体重变化中间组的12个月时的握力平均下降7.0kg,P =0.030,差异有统计学意义。[结论]对数据行统计学处理并校正了BMI 或体重变化与骨折后一年机体物理功能之间关系的混杂因素后,发现体重下降与髋部骨折术后恢复期机体物理功能差有关,住院期间及出院后短期内的体重下降会使女性髋部骨折患者机体物理功能低下。由此,防止体重下降可能成为未来防止术后机体物理功能低下的有效干预措施。
冠心病患者N端脑钠肽前体水平与冠脉病变程度的相关性

目的探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)之间的关系和临床意义。方法选择100例行冠状动脉造影检查的患者作为研究对象,造影结果正常21例(对照组),造影检查明确诊断为冠心病79例,其中稳定型心绞痛21例(SAP组)、不稳定型心绞痛30例(UAP组)、急性心肌梗死28例(AMI组)。采用Gensini积分评估冠状动脉病变严重程度,同时测定NT-proBNP、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),分析患者NT-proBNP、CK-MB水平变化与冠脉造影冠状动脉病变严重程度之间的关系。结果AMI组平均NT-proBNP水平明显高于UAP组、SAP组和对照组(P<0.05)。UAP组平均NT-proBNP水平明显高于SAP组和对照组(P<0.05),SAP组平均NT-proBNP水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。AMI组的NT-proBNP水平与CK-MB水平有明显的相关性(r=0.450,P<0.01)。冠脉造影结果闭塞组NT-proBNP水平明显高于狭窄组和无狭窄组(P<0.05)。狭窄组NT-proBNP水平高于无狭窄组(P<0.05)。NT-proBNP水平与Gensini积分有明显相关性(r=0.962,P<0.01)。结论NT-proBNP与冠心病心肌缺血程度和冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,测定NT-proBNP水平对冠心病患者的诊断、病情评估具有一定的临床意义。
透明细胞型板障型脑膜瘤一例

讨论板障型脑膜瘤是原发于板障的脑膜瘤,可能由胚胎期残留在颅骨内的蛛网膜细胞或颅脑外伤骨折后被种植于板障的蛛网膜细胞巢所致,约占所有脑膜瘤的1%~2%,占硬膜外脑膜瘤的三分之二。其发病无性别差异,有两个发病高峰,即20岁和50~70岁,病变生长缓慢,无疼痛。板障型脑膜瘤病理类型以上皮型为主,其次为成纤维型,本病例为透明细胞型,临床上更为罕见。透明细胞型脑膜瘤为WHO Ⅱ型,可呈侵袭性生长,有较高的复发率;本例病变浸润颅骨及皮下,影像表现与其病理类型一致。板障型脑膜瘤影像检查可表现为成骨性骨质破坏,也可表现为溶骨性骨质破坏,溶骨性破坏CT增强可见均匀强化。
原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的硒

硒是一种非金属化学元素,微量硒是生物体必需的营养元素,但过量硒能引起中毒,使人产生脱发、胃肠功能紊乱、四肢麻木甚至偏瘫等病症,因此,有必要对环境中特别是农作物土壤中的硒进行监测。硒的分析方法通常有氢化物原子吸收光谱法、分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法等。分光光度法、氢化物原子吸收光谱法操作复杂,检测灵敏度较低,原子荧光光谱法测定硒具有较高的灵敏度,应用日益广泛,但土壤样品中某些共存金属元素对硒的测定有较严重的干扰。
Identifying specific receptors for cargo-mediated autophagy

Macroautophagy has been implicated in numerous diseases, yet our understanding of the proteins responsible for the turnover of specific cargo by autophagy is limited. In a recent paper published in Nature, Mancias et al. used quantitative proteomics to identify a cohort of autophagosome-enriched proteins, one of which, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) was shown to be required for the selective delivery of ferritin to the lysosome, ultimately regulating intracellular iron by autophagic turnover of ferritin, or ferritinophagy.
水母生态学研究的文献计量学分析

水母是海洋中一种低等的肉食性浮游动物,种类繁多、生长速度快、蔓延迅速。水母暴发原本是一种正常的自然现象,由于水母的生长具有季节性特点,所以在未受干扰的情况下,也可能发生暴发。近些年来随着人类活动对海洋的影响,海洋生态系统已经发生了深刻而广泛的变化,全世界范围内的一些海域都出现了前所未有的水母暴发现象。水母暴发已经严重影响到海洋生态平衡和人类活动,如:引起藻类暴发和浮游生物群落结构的变化;蛰伤海边游泳者;严重影响正常的渔业生产活动,大量水母阻塞渔业捕捞网具,甚至导致爆网;杀死鱼卵并作为鱼类寄生虫的中间宿主从而导致经济鱼类的减产,影响水力发电等等。本文使用文献计量学的分析方法,收集并分析了1900-2012年水母生态学研究的国际发文数据情况,从文献产出的角度揭示水母生态学研究领域的发展现状及态势,为该领域的相关研究和决策提供参考。
胃泌素释放肽受体在认知功能及行为中的作用

胃泌素释放肽(gastrin-releasing peptide,GRP)是哺乳动物体内的一种神经肽,它可以和细胞膜表面的胃泌素释放肽受体(gastrin-releasing peptide receptor,GRPR)结合产生相应生理作用。GRPR是G蛋白偶联受体超家族的成员,其介导的信号可以调节神经及神经内分泌方面的许多重要功能,包括认知功能和行为等方面。研究发现GRPR表达的改变可以引起神经退行性变、神经发育、心理紊乱等中枢神经系统疾病。GRPR在中枢神经系统疾病发生发展过程中有着重要作用,提示GRPR激动剂或者拮抗剂可能改善与神经疾病相关的认知和行为缺陷。
Hippo-YAP通路在心血管系统中的作用

Hippo-YAP通路在细胞增殖和凋亡过程中起重要调控作用,核心成员包括YAP等蛋白。YAP转位入核是该通路激活的核心过程,与细胞内众多激酶分子的活性以及蛋白酶体系统的激活等因素有关。在上游调控方面,研究发现细胞极性以及机械力学等因素都可以调控该通路活性,通过影响细胞增殖等过程,在肿瘤浸润和转移、干细胞分化以及心血管系统疾病等方面发挥重要作用。本综述简单总结了该通路的相关研究的最新进展,并探讨了下一步可以深入研究的方向。
microRNA调控女性生殖功能的研究进展

女性生殖功能的正常维持受多种因素的影响,既与生殖细胞和体细胞之间的相互作用密切相关,又有赖于激素、细胞因子和基因等调节物质及时准确的调节。这些调节因素调控生殖系统各个器官的细胞活动,包括细胞生长、增殖、分化和凋亡,其功能紊乱会导致生殖功能障碍,如不孕、多囊卵巢综合征、生殖道肿瘤的发生等。microRNA(miRNA)是一类单链的,内源性非编码的小RNA,大小一般为18~24核苷酸,通过调节靶基因的转录后水平,调节细胞的发育、增殖、凋亡、分化和功能等。目前研究发现miRNA在卵巢、子宫、输卵管、胚胎发育及病变过程中有调控作用。本文将对miRNA的生物合成,以及其表达在女性生殖系统正常和病理条件下可能的调控作用作一综述。
以原始单核细胞增多伴皮损为首发临床表现的急性淋巴细胞白血病一例

讨论:本例患者据血常规、骨髓象极易被诊断为急性单核细胞白血病,然而结合病史、临床表现、体征、流式细胞学、相关融合基因及激素诊断性治疗后骨髓象、血常规恢复等综合考虑为免疫性疾病导致类白血病反应,然而由于发病初期未行皮损组织病理学检查,致无法明确免疫疾病类型;激素等相关治疗半年后,鉴于患者再次发热并出现血常规异常,综合分析血常规、骨髓象、流式细胞学、染色体、融合基因等,明确诊断本病已进展为急性淋巴细胞白血病。通过文献复习可发现无论无肌病的皮肌炎(ADM)还是Sweet综合征(SS)均可导致类白血病反应且存在并发血液肿瘤高风险性,因此考虑ADM或SS贯穿疾病进展始终,且与疾病进展为急性白血病密不可分。同时确诊后予以诱导缓解、巩固强化治疗后短期复发也提示合并ADM或SS患者高度提示短期内急变及不良预后.
Parameters Affecting Energy Consumption for Producing High Carbon Ferromanganese in a Closed Submerged Arc Furnace

The power consumption is considered to be the most important factor affecting the production cost of ferromanganese alloy. Different parameters affecting the energy consumption for industrial production of high carbon ferromanganese HCFeMn were investigated in a closed submerged arc furnace. The analysis of industrial data revealed that the most energy-consumed factors were the direct reduction by solid carbon, Boudouard reaction, metal and slag formation, and decomposition of fluxing materials (limestone and dolomite). To reduce the energy consumption and minimize the energy losses in the production process of HCFeMn, it was recommended to use Mn blend with minimum Mn to Fe ratio of 6 and lower SiO2 content or higher basicity. The added coke must be adjusted according to the material balance to prevent the over-coke and to minimize the highly endothermic “Boudouard reaction”. In addition, it was recommended to work at basic slags with the ratio of (CaO+MgO) to SiO_2 equal to 1.0-1.2 instead of much higher slag basicity. Furthermore, the mass losses had to be minimized through adjusting the handling and charging process and to take care of all metal produced.
Information for Disaster Preparedness: A Social Network Approach to Rainwater Harvesting Technology Dissemination

Rainwater harvesting technology is considered an innovative and effective mechanism for reducing drinking water risks due to arsenic contamination and water salinity in coastal Bangladesh. However, adoption of such tanks remains elusive. Most studies on disaster risk communication are predominantly based on individuallevel cognitive modeling approaches, which fail to address the role of social groups, human relations, and other collective social factors in the dissemination process of disaster preventive measures. From the viewpoint of social implementation, community adoption of unfamiliar technology for disaster risk mitigation and preparedness requires another approach. Given the challenge to promote rainwater harvesting technology in the study area of coastal Bangladesh, this study examines the role of various social networks including cohesive groups (friends), structural equivalent groups (individuals who have the same position in society), and spatial groups (neighbors) in three information sharing and processing activities—hearing, observation, and discussion. Results show that those individuals who have similar cohesive affiliations tend to become hearing and discussion partners. Cohesive groups share a learning opportunity and are bounded by normative constraints in terms of direct and intimate social relations. Spatial groups facilitate observation, which provides visual learning. Structurally equivalent groups are not relevant in adoption dissemination; therefore competition or similar social environment did not influence the rainwater tank dissemination activities.
Balmer-alpha and Balmer-beta Stark line intensity profiles for high-power hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas

We compare Balmer-alpha (H_α) and Balmer-beta (H_β) emissions from high-power (1.0-6.0 kW) hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs), and propose region I (0.0-2.0 kW), region II (2.0-5.0 kW), and region III (5.0-6.0 kW). In region I, both H_α emission intensity (I_α) and H emission intensity (I_β) increase with radio frequency (RF) power, which is explained by the corona model and Boltzmann's law, etc. However, in region II, I_α almost remains constant while I_β rapidly achieves its maximum value. In region III, Ia slightly increases with RF power, while I_β decreases with RF power, which deviates significantly from the theoretical explanation for the H_α and H_β emissions in region I. It is suggested that two strong electric fields are generated in high-power (2.0-6.0 kW) hydrogen ICPs: one is due to the external electric field of high-power RF discharge, and the other one is due to the micro electric field of the ions and electrons around the exited state hydrogen atoms in ICPs. Therefore, the strong Stark effect can play an important role in explaining the experimental results.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-droplet impact process on hydrophobic surfaces

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the dynamic processes of a nano-droplet impacting on hydrophobic surfaces at a microscopic level. Both the impact phenomena and the velocity distributions are recorded and analyzed. According to the simulation results, similar phenomena are obtained to those in macro-experiments. Impact velocity affects the spread process to a greater degree than at a level of contact angle when the velocity is relatively high. The velocity distribution along the X axis during spread is wave-like, either W- or M-shaped, and the velocity at each point is oscillatory; while the edges have the highest spread velocity and there are crests in the distribution curve which shift toward the edges over time. The distribution along the Y axis is <- or >-shaped, and the segments above the middle have the lowest decrease rate in the spreading process and the highest increase rate in the retraction process.
Nonequilibrium behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume-Capel model

The dynamic magnetic behavior of the kinetic metamagnetic spin-5/2 Blume-Capel model is examined, within a mean-field approach, under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field. To describe the kinetics of the system, Glaubertype stochastic dynamics has been utilized. The mean-field dynamic equations of the model are obtained from the Master equation. Firstly, these dynamic equations are solved to find the phases in the system. Then, the dynamic phase transition temperatures are obtained by investigating the thermal behavior of dynamic sublattice magnetizations. Moreover, from this investigation, the nature of the phase transitions (first- or second-order) is characterized. Finally, the dynamic phase diagrams are plotted in five different planes. It is found that the dynamic phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic (P), antiferromagnetic (AF_(5/2), AF_(3/2), AF_(1/2)) phases and five different mixed phases. The phase diagrams also display many dynamic critical points, such as tricritical point, triple point, quadruple point, double critical end point and separating point.
Electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level tripod-type atomic system

An electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level tripod-type atomic system is studied theoretically. By virtue of a weak standing-wave signal field, the phase modulation effectively diffracts a weak probe field into the first-order direction. By changing the weak signal field, the diffraction of the weak probe field can be modulated in real time, and a first-order diffraction efficiency of more than 32% can be obtained with proper parameters. Such a system has a potential application in an all-optical switch controlled by a weak optical signal.
肾囊肿与囊性肾透明细胞癌的临床病理特征比较分析

目的比较孤立性肾囊肿伴肾小管透明变性与多房囊性肾细胞癌和肾透明细胞癌的临床病理表现,探讨孤立性肾囊肿伴肾小管透明变性的临床及病理组织学特征。方法收集9例孤立性肾囊肿伴肾小管透明变性,3例多房囊性肾细胞癌和4例肾透明细胞癌,结合临床表现、影像学和免疫组化、特染、随访等资料进行回顾性分析。结果孤立性肾囊肿伴肾小管透明变性光镜所见:纤维囊壁无内衬上皮或衬以单层扁平上皮,囊壁内散在或呈小巢的透明细胞,部分小巢隐约可见呈腺管样,胞浆透明约浑浊,核小而圆、居中,无异型性。免疫组化:透明变性的肾小管细胞CK19、PCNA、CK阳性,CD10、CD117、CD68、RCC、P53阴性。Masson染色透明变性的肾小管细胞为阳性。结论孤立性肾囊肿伴肾小管透明变性是一种良性病变,影像学、免疫组化和特染对其与多房囊性肾细胞癌和肾透明细胞癌均难以鉴别,三者的鉴别诊断主要依靠病理形态学特点。
水凝胶敷料引起伤口周围皮肤炎症的原因分析及干预措施

目的探讨水凝胶敷料用于儿童慢性伤口治疗引起伤口周围皮肤炎症的原因及干预措施。方法对116例慢性伤口患儿使用水凝胶敷料进行伤口换药的方法进行回顾性分析:包括适应证的选择、水凝胶敷料的使用方法、敷料更换时间、患儿年龄等。结果23例患儿发生了伤口周围皮肤炎症,其中适应证选择不当4例,涂抹水凝胶过满3例,涂抹水凝胶前未将创面拭干2例,盐水纱布过湿3例,更换时间大于5 d 11例,所有患儿经调整或更换敷料后顺利康复。结论水凝胶敷料用于儿童慢性伤口换药时只要适应证选择得当,掌握好正确的使用方法,能有效地预防和减少不良反应的发生,更好地促进伤口愈合。
放疗在食管鳞癌多学科治疗中的瓶颈与突破

长期以来手术是食管鳞癌的主要治疗手段,尽管手术技术已趋于成熟,患者术后的总生存率仍不佳。由于新辅助化放疗的进步,提升了局部晚期食管鳞癌的完全切除(R_0)率、局部控制率和生存率。根治性化放疗能在反应良好患者中得到与手术相当的效果。不可否认,放疗在食管鳞癌治疗中占据着重要地位,虽放射物理技术在不断进步、放射生物理论也日臻完善,然而放疗在食管鳞癌综合治疗后疗效的提高上似乎受到了制约。笔者将通过回顾近年来的文献,阐述放疗在食管鳞癌多学科治疗中的瓶颈所在及如何突破。
上海某大型游乐设施项目消防系统设计探讨

以上海某大型游乐设施项目的消防系统设计为例,结合国内外的消防设计规范,对消防设计中自动喷水灭火系统水量的计算,消防泵房设计中涉及的新概念,自动喷水灭火系统冷冻液系统及干管式喷头等进行了介绍,为今后消防设计提供新思路。
长距离重力流输水管道关阀水锤防护措施分析

以柳州市古尝河原水输水工程为例,分析了长距离重力流输水管道关阀水锤保护措施。通过HAMMER V8软件对原水有压重力流长距离输水管道系统运行进行模拟,计算和分析了系统末端的关阀水锤,得出关阀水锤的解决方案以及水锤防护措施和建议。
Carbon Sequestration Effects of Shrublands in Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Region, China

Three-North Shelterbelt Forest (TSF) program, is one of six key forestry programs and has a 73-year construction period, from 1978 to 2050. Quantitative analysis of the carbon sequestration of shrubs in this region is important for understanding the overall function of carbon sequestration of the forest and other terrestrial ecosystems in China. This study investigated the distribution area of shrubland in the TSF region based on remote sensing images in 1978 and 2008, and calculated the carbon density of shrubland in combination with the field investigation and previous data from published papers. The carbon sequestration quantity and rate from 1978 to 2008 was analyzed for four sub-regions and different types of shrubs in the TSF region. The results revealed that: 1) The area of shrubland in the study area and its four sub-regions increased during the past thirty years. The area of shrubland for the whole region in 2008 was 1.2 × 10~7 ha, 72.8% larger than that in 1978. The Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region was the largest shrubland distribution area, while the highest coverage rate was found in the North China Sub-region. 2) In decreasing order of their carbon sequestration, the four types of shrubs considered in this study were Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana spp., Haloxylon ammodendron and Vitex negundo var. heterophylla. The carbon sequestration of H. rhamnoides, with a maximum mean carbon density of 16.5 Mg C/ha, was significantly higher than that of the other three species. 3) The total carbon sequestration of shrubland in the study region was 4.5 x 10~7 Mg C with a mean annual carbon sequestration of 1.5 x 10~6 Mg C. The carbon density in the four sub-regions decreased in the following order: the Loess Plateau Sub-region, the North China Sub-region, the Northeast China Sub-region and the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region. The paucity of studies and data availability on the large-scale carbon sequestration of shrub species suggests this study provides a baseline reference for future research in this area.
Age-related Changes of Carbon Accumulation and Allocation in Plants and Soil of Black Locust Forest on Loess Plateau in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province of China

The effects of reforestation on carbon (C) sequestration in China′s Loess Plateau ecosystem have attracted much research attention in recent years. Black locust trees (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) are valued for their important use in reforestation and water and soil conservation efforts. This forest type is widespread across the Loess Plateau, and must be an essential component of any planning for C sequestration efforts in this fragile ecological region. The long-term effects of stand age on C accumulation and allocation after reforestation remains uncertain. We examined an age-sequence of black locust forest (5, 9, 20, 30, 38, and 56 yr since planting) on the Loess Plateau to evaluate C accumulation and allocation in plants (trees, shrubs, herbages, and leaf litter) and soil (0–100 cm). Allometric equations were developed for estimating the biomass of tree components (leaf, branch, stem without bark, bark and root) with a destructive sampling method. Our results demonstrated that black locust forest ecosystem accumulated C constantly, from 31.42 Mg C/ ha (1 Mg = 10~6 g) at 5 yr to 79.44 Mg C/ha at 38 yr. At the ′old forest′ stage (38 to 56 yr), the amount of C in plant biomass significantly decreased (from 45.32 to 34.52 Mg C/ha) due to the high mortality of trees. However, old forest was able to accumulate C continuously in soil (from 33.66 to 41.00 Mg C/ha). The C in shrub biomass increased with stand age, while the C stock in the herbage layer and leaf litter was age-independent. Reforestation resulted in C re-allocation in the forest soil. The topsoil (0–20 cm) C stock increased constantly with stand age. However, C storage in sub-top soil, in the 20–30, 30–50, 50–100, and 20–100 cm layers, was age-independent. These results suggest that succession, as a temporal factor, plays a key role in C accumulation and re-allocation in black locust forests and also in regional C dynamics in vegetation.
钙化性慢性硬膜下血肿的外科治疗

钙化性慢性硬膜下血肿(calcified chronic subdural hematoma,CCSH)临床罕见,约占慢性硬膜下血肿的0.3% ~ 2. 7%,其临床表现、影像学特点、治疗方法等均与一般的慢性硬膜下血肿不同。后者的治疗多以钻孔引流术为主,而前者对钻孔引流术的疗效较差,容易复发,其手术时机及方式均有别于常规的慢性硬膜下血肿。笔者回顾性分析2009年1月— 2013年5月天坛医院神经外科收治的5例钙化性慢性硬膜下血肿患者临床资料并复习文献,分析CCSH的特点并探讨最佳治疗方案。
无血无止血带局部麻醉手术的应用和推广价值

做局部麻醉下肢体的手术临床上并不少见,但过去多集中用于范围十分小并浅表的手术。对于较大和位置较深的手术,由于出血及麻醉效果的因素,临床上并不使用。肢体手术尤其是手部手术,止血带十分常用。如果使用局部麻醉下又不上止血带能进行较为深部组织的手术,则手术和术后的整个医疗过程会大大简化,并且在术中对于诸如肌腱修复、神经松解等手术还可以直视证实效果后才完结手术,优点非原来手术可比。近年来,完全清醒的无血止血带局部麻醉(wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet,WALANT)这一可能影响很多肢体手术的方法,在国外迅速发展普及。笔者在2年前开始做这类手术,由原来的止血带下手术转化成局部麻醉非止血带无血手术。现介绍其应用的可能范围和推广价值。
Effects of Lateral Variation in Vegetation and Basin ‘Dome’ Shape on Tropical Lowland Peat Stabilisation in the Kota Samarahan-Asajaya Area, West Sarawak, Malaysia

Field surveys indicate lateral variation in peat humification levels (von Post) in dominantly occurring fibric, fibric to hemic, sapric and hemic to sapric peats across a gradient from the margin towards the centre of tropical lowland peat domes. Cement-peat stabilisation can be enhanced by adding mineral soil fillers (silt, clays and fine sands) obtained from Quaternary floodplain deposits and residual soil (weathered schist). The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilised cement-mineral soil filler-peat mix increases with the increased addition of selected mineral soil filler. Lateral variation in the stabilised peat strength (UCS) in the top 0 to 0.5 m layer was found from the margin towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome. The variations in the UCS of stabilised tropical lowland peats along a gradient from the periphery towards the centre of the peat dome are most likely caused by a combination of factors due to variations in the mineral soil or ash content of the peat and horizontal zonation or lateral variation in the dominant species of the plant assemblages (due to successive vegetation zonation of the peat swamp forest from the periphery towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome).
Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation Cover in Response to Climate Change on the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important ecological barriers in China. Resolving the internal relations and dynamics ruling the association between regional vegetation and climate change is important to understand and protect the regional ecosystems. Based on vegetation, temperature and precipitation data of the Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2010, we analyze the spatial and temporal variations of vegetation cover over the past 10 years and discuss the vegetation response to climate change using empirical orthogonal function and singular value decomposition. Our results reveal the following: (1) vegetation cover gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau; (2) vegetation cover has increased on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 10 years, mainly in the central and eastern zones; and (3) a significant positive relationship was suggested between vegetation cover during growing season and the temperature in the entire region and with precipitation in the central and southern zones.
Present Geothermal Fields of the Dongpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin, China, and has abundant oil and gas reserves. To date, there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields. This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells, and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0°C/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m~2. The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Yellow River, and Lanliao basement faults. They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period. The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag, namely two subsags, one uplift, one steep slope and one gentle slope. The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields. The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.