mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
化生性乳腺癌23例临床分析

化生性乳腺癌是一类罕见的乳房恶性肿瘤,其发病率约占所有类型乳腺癌的0.02%~1%。我院自2001—2011年收治了23例化生性乳腺癌,占同期乳腺癌的0.4%,现总结报道如下。
Effects of physical properties on electrical conductivity of compacted lateritic soil

Natural soils of various types have different electrical properties due to the composition,structure,water content,and temperature.In order to investigate the electrical properties of lateritic soil,electrical conductivity experiments have been conducted on a self-developed testing device.Test results show that the electrical conductivity of laterite increases with the increase of water content,degree of saturation and dry density.When the water content is below the optimum water content,the electrical conductivity of soils increases nonlinearly and the variation rate increases dramatically.However,when the water content,degree of saturation,or dry density increases to a certain value,the electrical conductivity tends to be a constant.In addition,soil electrical conductivity increases with the increase of temperature,and it is observed that the electrical conductivity decreases with the increase of the number of wetting–drying cycles.
Joints in unsaturated rocks:Thermo-hydro-mechanical formulation and constitutive behaviour

A formulation for the coupled analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) problems in joints is first presented. The work involves the establishment of equilibrium and mass and energy balance equations. Balance equations were formulated taking into account two phases: water and air. The joint element developed was implemented in a general purpose finite element computer code for THM analysis of porous media (Code Bright). The program was then used to study a number of cases ranging from laboratory tests to large scale in situ tests. A numerical simulation of coupled hydraulic shear tests of rough granite joints is first presented. The tests as well as the model show the coupling between permeability and the deformation of the joints. The experimental investigation was focused on the effects of suction on the mechanical behaviour of rock joints. Laboratory tests were performed in a direct shear cell equipped with suction control. Suction was imposed using a vapour forced convection circuit connected to the cell and controlled by an air pump. Artificial joints of Lilla claystone were prepared. Joint roughness of varying intensity was created by carving the surfaces in contact in such a manner that rock ridges of different tip angles were formed. These angles ranged from 0 (smooth joint) to 45 (very rough joint profile). The geometric profiles of the two surfaces in contact were initially positioned in a "matching" situation. Several tests were performed for different values of suctions (200, 100, and 20 MPa) and for different values of vertical stresses (30, 60, and 150 kPa). A constitutive model including the effects of suction and joint roughness is proposed to simulate the unsaturated behaviour of rock joints. The new constitutive law was incorporated in the code and experimental results were numerically simulated.
Behaviour of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions:Layer orientation and shape effects

The experimental study in this paper focuses on the effects of the layer orientation and sample shape on failure strength and fracture pattern of samples tested under Brazilian test conditions(i.e.diametrical loading of cylindrical discs)for one particular layered sandstone which is from Modave in the south of Belgium.The variations of the strength in combination with the failure patterns are examined as a function of the inclination angle between the layer plane and the loading direction.The experimental,results clearly show that the induced fracture patterns are a combination of tensile and/or shear fractures.In shape effect experiments the layer thickness and the number of layer boundaries are investigated.Different blocks of Modave sandstone are used to prepare samples.The layer thickness is different among the various blocks,but the layer thickness in each studied rock block can be considered to be constant;hence,the number of layer boundaries changes according to the sample diameter for samples of the same block.The experimental study shows that the layer thickness plays a more important role than the number of layer boundaries per sample.
Numerical study on coupled thermo-mechanical processes in Aspo Pillar Stability Experiment

This paper presents a study of the full three-dimensional thermo-mechanical (TM) behavior of rock pillar in Aspo Pillar Stability Experiment (APSE) using a self-developed numerical code TM-EPCA~(3D). The transient thermal conduction function was descritized on space and time scales, and was solved by using cellular automaton (CA) method on space scale and finite difference method on time scale, respectively. The advantage of this approach is that no global, but local matrix is used so that it avoids the need to develop and solve large-scale linear equations and the complexity therein. A thermal conductivity versus stress function was proposed to reflect the effect of stress on thermal field. The temperature evolution and induced thermal stress in the pillar part during the heating and cooling processes were well simulated by the developed code. The factors that affect the modeling results were discussed. It is concluded that, the complex TM behavior of Aspo rock pillar is significantly influenced by the complex boundary and initial conditions.
Hybrid PdAg alloy-Au nanorods: Controlled growth, optical properties and electrochemical catalysis

Controllable growth of high-quality hybrid nanostructures is highly desirable for the fabrication of hierarchical, complex and multifunctional devices. Here, PdAg alloys have been controllably grown at different locations on gold nanorods, producing dumbbell-like nanostructures with PdAg at the ends of the gold nanorods or branched nanostructures with PdAg grown almost perpendicular to the gold nanorods. The nucleation sites of PdAg alloys on the gold nanorods can be effectively tuned by varying the concentrations of H2PdCl4, AgNO3 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The dumbbell-like and branched nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), line-scanning energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Their electrocatalytic performance was evaluated using ethanol oxidation as a probe reaction. The dumbbell-like nanostructures show a better anti-poisoning performance, but a worse electrochemical activity than the branched ones. The results provide guidelines for the controlled growth of complicated nanostructures for either fundamental studies or potential applications.
Nucleotide diversity of 11S seed storage protein gene and its implications for ecological adaptation of Oryza nivara

The mechanism by which a new species arises and adapts to its environment is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Seed characteristics such as seed size and nutrient composition are important fitness-related traits and have been shown to vary greatly among populations and species. However, the significance of variation in seed traits in plant adaptation and speciation remains unclear. We carried out a population genetic study on nucleotide variation of one 11S seed storage protein gene (Pss) of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and O. nivara Sharma & Shastry, two closely related wild rice species. By comparatively examining the genetic variation pattern of the regulatory and coding regions of Pss and fragments of six reference loci across different chromosomes, we found significantly lower polymorphisms at coding regions of the gene (PssI) in O. nivara relative to O. rufipogon. Neutrality tests indicated that the reduction of polymorphisms at PssI in O. nivara was caused by positive selection rather than population demography, implying a role of selection on the 11S seed protein gene. Further phylogenetic and principal component analyses also support the hypotheses that the origin of O. nivara was associated with the adaptive divergence on the coding region of Pss. It is most likely that higher reproductive effort would be favored when O. nivara arose from O. rufipogon populations and adapted to the environment change.
An improved genetic algorithm for searching for pollution sources

As an optimization method that has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, the genetic algorithm has been successfully applied in many fields, but it requires repeated searches based on the characteristics of high-speed computer calculation and conditions of the known relationship between the objective function and independent variables. There are several hundred generations of evolvement, but the functional relationship is unknown in pollution source searches. Therefore, the genetic algorithm cannot be used directly. Certain improvements need to be made based on the actual situation, so that the genetic algorithm can adapt to the actual conditions of environmental problems, and can be used in environmental monitoring and environmental quality assessment. Therefore, a series of methods are proposed for the improvement of the genetic algorithm: (1) the initial generation of individual groups should be artificially set and move from lightly polluted areas to heavily polluted areas; (2) intervention measures should be introduced in the competition between individuals; (3) guide individuals should be added; and (4) specific improvement programs should be put forward. Finally, the scientific rigor and rationality of the improved genetic algorithm are proven through an example.
Pharmacogenetic activation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons induces hyperactivity

Dopaminergic neurons regulate and organize numerous important behavioral processes including motor activity. Consistently, manipulation of brain dopamine concentrations changes animal activity levels. Dopamine is synthesized by several neuronal populations in the brain. This study was carried out to directly test whether selective activation of dopamine neurons in the midbrain induces hyperactivity. A pharmacogenetic approach was used to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, and behavioral assays were conducted to determine the effects on mouse activity levels. Transgenic expression of the evolved hM3Dq receptor was achieved by infusing Creinducible AAV viral vectors into the midbrain of DAT-Cre mice. Neurons were excited by injecting the hM3Dq ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Mouse locomotor activity was measured in an open field. The results showed that CNO selectively activated midbrain dopaminergic neurons and induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent manner, supporting the idea that these neurons play an important role in regulating motor activity.
无血尿Alprot综合征延迟诊断1例并文献复习

Alport综合征（Alport syndrome，AS）又称“遗传性进行性肾炎”、“眼耳肾综合征”，是一种Ⅳ型胶原缺陷所致的遗传性基底膜病变。以血尿，伴或不伴蛋白尿及肾功能减退，耳聋及眼部病变为主要临床表现。作为青少年慢性肾衰竭的常见病因，AS占到北美儿童透析患者的1.9%和肾移植患者的2.3%。AS临床表现多样，容易误诊漏诊，尤其是临床表现不典型的患者误诊率高。现将本科1例无血尿而以肾病综合征为临床表现的AS病例报道如下，并结合文献进行讨论。
不同时间窗超急性期脑梗死静脉溶栓后出血转化及凝血标志物的变化的研究

急性脑梗死的治疗中,溶栓是唯一被证明有效的治疗方法。发病后4. 5h 用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗能使患者获益。溶栓后颅内出血的风险是不可忽视的最危险的并发症,扩大时间窗的溶栓治疗是否会增加颅内出血、及影响血液凝血指标的改变,目前的研究还很少,也没有公认的监测指标。近年以来,在我院前期采用MRI 指导的rt-PA 静脉溶栓治疗超急性期脑梗死研究的基础上,本研究拟动态观察溶栓前后凝血标志物的变化,了解不同时间段脑梗死溶栓后机体内出凝血相关因素的变化及与出血转化的关系。
强化谷氨酰胺对脓毒血症患者血浆谷胱甘肽浓度的影响

目的探讨静脉补充丙氨酰-谷酰胺对全胃肠营养支持的脓毒症患者血浆谷胱甘肽浓度及预后的影响。方法选取诊断明确的脓毒症患者40例,分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予静脉使用0.5 g/(kg·d)丙氨酰-谷酰胺,对照组仅给予8.5%复方氨基酸液,分别在用药前,第3、7、10天留取血液标本监测血浆谷胱甘肽、前白蛋白、C反应蛋白浓度,并比较两组预后的差异。结果强化谷氨酰胺治疗后观察组血浆谷胱甘肽的浓度明显升高,在第7、10天明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血浆前白蛋白浓度逐渐升高,C反应蛋白浓度逐步下降,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),但总体预后与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对全胃肠内营养的脓毒症患者强化补充谷氨酰胺可以提高其血浆谷胱甘肽浓度,降低C反应蛋白浓度,降低MODS的发生率,但并未改善白蛋白的合成能力,未能改善预后。
阳性对比剂结肠CT仿真肠镜下结肠息肉与附壁粪渣及运动伪影的鉴别

目的探讨阳性对比剂下CT仿真结肠镜对结肠息肉与肠道粪渣以及运动伪影的鉴别价值。方法回顾性分析125例受检者的阳性对比剂(7%泛影葡胺溶液)CT仿真结肠镜及电子肠镜检查资料,分析肠道粪渣、运动伪影特点及其与息肉的鉴别诊断。结果125例受检者图像运动伪影级别0~1级占84%,图像运动伪影级别2~3级占16%,肠道伪影可控性较好,大多数伪影具有较典型的影像学特征。云絮状、棉线头征是肠道粪渣较典型征象,运动伪影可出现肠壁双层征。所有受检者中发现肠道粪渣残留54例(43.2%),在54例有残留粪渣的受检者中,残留于回盲部有38例(70.4%),升结肠10例(18.5%),肝曲结肠28例(51.9%),横结肠12例(22.2%),脾曲结肠10例(18.5%),降结肠6例(11.1%),乙状结肠6例(11.1%),直肠2例(3.7%)。结肠近远段粪渣分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肠道粪渣的形态和分布及图像运动伪影具有一定的特点,分析其特点有利于与息肉进行鉴别诊断。
经阴道宫腔镜手术与腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠的疗效比较

目的比较经阴道宫腔镜手术与腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床疗效。方法选择66例输卵管妊娠患者,随机分为观察组(33例)行经阴道宫腔镜手术治疗,对照组(33例)行腹腔镜手术治疗。观察对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后病率、疼痛程度、排气时间、住院时间和住院费用等指标,同时观察血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)下降水平和观察组术后1个月阴道切口愈合情况。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹病例。观察组术后病率、疼痛程度(0~Ⅰ级)、排气时间和住院费用显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经阴道宫腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠临床疗效确切,安全性高,有利于病情恢复,值得临床推广和普及。
超声引导下经直肠12针与6针穿刺术在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠12针与6针穿刺术在前列腺癌诊断中的价值及其安全性,为前列腺癌术前诊断提供可靠的检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的前列腺癌220例,其中116例超声引导下经直肠12针穿刺活检(12针组),另104例超声引导下经直肠6针穿刺活检(6针组),比较两组术前正确诊断率及穿刺后并发症发生率(如肉眼血尿、泌尿系感染、尿潴留等)。结果两组患者年龄、穿刺前血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平和平均前列腺体积,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12针组穿刺活检诊断正确率为94.83%,6针组为80.77%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。12针组穿刺后并发症发生率为29.31%,6针组发生率为31.73%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12针组穿刺正确诊断率在PSA≤20 ng/mL,指诊阴性,体积>40 mL,PSA密度(PSAD=PSA/前列腺体积)≤0.30和年龄<70岁的患者中,明显高于6针组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下经直肠12针前列腺穿刺活检,可以提高术前正确诊断率,并发症发生率低,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。
2型糖尿病合并微血管病变患者相关危险因素分析

目的分析2型糖尿病(DM)合并视网膜病变和肾病患者的相关危险因素,为临床上DM微血管病变的防治提供理论依据。方法分析400例2型DM患者的临床资料。结果与无视网膜病变(NDR)患者相比,增殖性视网膜病变(PDR)患者病程、餐后血糖(PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1C))、收缩期血压(SBP)、血清肌酐(sCr)和尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和肾小球率过滤(eGFR)水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);非增殖性视网膜病变(NPDR)患者病程、sCr和UAER增高(P<0.01),而eGFR水平降低(P<0.01)。PDR患者sCr和UAER水平高于NPDR患者(P<0.05)。与无肾病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿患者SBP升高;大量蛋白尿患者病程、空腹血糖(FBG)、PBG、HbA_(1C)、SBP和sCr水平升高;肾功能不全患者病程、FBG、PBG、HbA_(1C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、SBP和sCr水平升高。与微量白蛋白尿患者相比,肾功能不全患者病程、FBG、HbA_(1C)、SBP和sCr水平增高。大量蛋白尿患者eGFR水平低于无肾病患者和微量白蛋白尿患者,同时HDL-C水平也低于无肾病患者。sCr、DR严重程度、LDL-C、PBG、HbA_(1C)和SBP与UAER独立正相关,eGFR与UAER独立负相关;病程、HbA_(1C)、UAER、LDL-C与DR的严重程度独立正相关,HDL-C与DR的严重程度独立负相关。结论病程、高血压、高血糖和血脂紊乱是DM微血管病变的主要危险因素。
Simultaneous determination of brominated phenols in soils

Brominated phenols(BPs),a widely used group of emerging flame retardants,are important environmental contaminants and exhibit endocrine disrupting potential.Method for simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA),tribromophenol(TBP),dibromophenols(DBPs)and monobromophenols(MBPs)in soils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis(GC/MS)was successfully developed.Cleanup methods for soil extracts including several solid-phase extraction cartridges and diferent elution solvents were compared and optimized.Florisil cartridge with dichloromethane as the elution reagent was selected for sample cleanup owing to its high and reproducible recoveries of the target analytes in soils.Derivatization conditions were tested and the optimal conditions were obtained with 20μL silylation reagent at room temperature.The chromatographic separation was optimized with diferent columns and DB-XLB column was selected for its excellent separation of the analytes.The limits of detection for the target compounds were from 0.04 to 0.19 ng/g.Mean recoveries of the compounds from spiked soils exceeded 84%with a good reproducibility,excepting that the recovery of 2-bromophenol was relatively poor(lower than 55%)due to its instability.The developed method was applied to the determination of the BPs in the soils collected from e-waste sites.The contents of BPs in the soils were at ng/g levels with TBBPA and TBP the most frequently detected.To our knowledge,this is the first report for the simultaneous determination of TBBPA,TBP,DBPs and MBPs in soils.
Environmental significance of biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas

Biogenic elements and six phosphorus(P) fractions in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters were determined to investigate the governing factors of these elements, and further to discuss their potential uses as paleo-environment proxies and risks of P release from sediment. Total organic carbon(TOC) and leachable organic P(Lea-OP) showed high concentrations in the estuary, Zhejiang coast and ofshore upwelling area. They came from both the Changjiang River and marine biological input.Biogenic silicon(BSi) exhibited a high concentration band between 123 and 124°E. BSi mainly came from diatom production and its concentration in the inshore area was diluted by river sediment. Total nitrogen(TN) was primarily of marine biogenic origin. Seaward decreasing trends of Fe-bound P and Al-bound P revealed their terrestrial origins. Influenced by old Huanghe sediment delivered by the Jiangsu coastal current, the maximum concentration of detrital P(Det-P) was observed in the area north of the estuary. Similar high concentrations of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA-P) and CaCO_3 in the southern study area suggested marine calcium-organism sources of CFA-P. TOC, TN and non-apatite P were enriched in fine sediment, and Det-P partially exhibited coarse-grain enrichment, but BSi had no correlation with sediment grain size. Diferent sources and governing factors made biogenic elements and P species have distinct potential uses in indicating environmental conditions. Transferable P accounted for 14%-46% of total P. In an aerobic environment,there was low risk of P release from sediment, attributed to excess Fe oxides in sediments.
The Infinite Evolution Mechanism of ε-Bisimilarity

In this paper, we focus on the convergence mechanism of ε-bisimulation under probabilistic processes to discuss the dynamic correctness of the software. Firstly, ε-limit bisimulation is defined for reflecting the dynamic relation between software specification and implementation. Some special ε-limit bisimulations are showed. Secondly, ε-bisimulation limit is proposed, which states the specification is the limit of implementation under ε-bisimulation. The uniqueness of ε-bisimulation limit and consistence with ε-bisimulation are presented. Finally, the substitutivity laws of ε-bisimulation limit with various combinators are proved.
开胸术后疼痛综合征的发生机制与治疗方法

开胸术后疼痛是指开胸手术后手术切口已愈合而切口部位疼痛症状持续存在2个月以上或反复发作,此种疼痛是外科手术后最为严重的疼痛问题,其特殊性在于能导致各种严重的并发症,还可能发展成为开胸术后疼痛综合征(post-thoracotomy pain syndrome,PTPS),该征又称开胸术后慢性疼痛(chronic post-thoracotomy pain,CPP) 。国际疼痛研究协会(IASP)对其的最新的定义是胸部手术后1周以后仍然残留并持续2个月以上的疼痛,疼痛的感觉广泛遍及伤口周围。PTPS一般伴有烧灼样或针刺样疼痛、感觉迟钝或具备神经源性痛的特征。其病因主要为手术中直接或间接的肋间神经、肌肉组织损伤及损伤后修复不良所致的神经源性疼痛,常表现为痛觉过敏(Allodynia)。
电镀专业大学生的专业思想问题探析

前言相比于电子、信息和生物制药等新兴产业,电镀的出现已有上百年的历史。在人们追求科技进步、生活质量逐步提高的今天,电镀技术的作用更显得举足轻重。遗憾的是,现在的学生似乎并没有意识到该专业的重要性。很多学生不愿意选择电镀专业,也有很多电镀专业的学生毕业后放弃了自己的专业。因此,加强专业思想教育对改善专业招生、提高专业教学质量、培养更加合格的专业人才、改善行业对人才的需求非常有必要。本文在分析我校电镀专业学生的专业思想现状的基础上,对该专业学生的专业思想教育方法进行探讨。
Glycation of high-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To evaluate whether glycation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increases cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by altering its anti-atherogenic property. Datasources Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from Pubmed and Medline in English from 2000 to 2013, with keywords “glycation”, “HDL”, and “atherosclerosis”. Studyselection Articles regarding glycation of HDL and its role in atherogenesis in both humans and experimental animal models were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results Glycation alters the structure of HDL and its associated enzymes, resulting in an impairment of atheroprotective functionality and increased risks for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion Glycation of HDL exerts a deleterious effect on the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
宁波市输血技术人员准入制度的实践与探讨

近年来,宁波市不断加大医疗机构临床用血管理,尤其是对医疗机构输血技术人员准入制度建设作了全方位的研究与探讨。通过对输血技术人员师资、全员准入、岗位培训基地准入、及岗位培训后续准入等不同时期、不同阶段的建设与实践,逐步形成了地方特色的输血技术人员准入制度,取得了一定的成效。输血技术人员准入制度的建设,进一步加强了对医疗机构输血技术人员管理,增强了输血科(血库)从业人员输血安全意识,提高了临床输血操作技能,保证了医疗机构临床输血安全,对保障输血患者生命安全与健康具有重要作用与意义。
输血科信息管理系统的完善及应用

1990年代初,计算机信息管理系统开始应用于我国少数几所大型医院的输血科(血库)。随着输血医学信息化建设的快速发展,输血科信息管理系统在各大医院得到了广泛的应用,部分医院输血科信息化逐渐呈现网络化的趋势。输血科的各项工作不同于医院其他医技科室,由于血液的特殊性,一个微小的失误可能会造成严重的医疗事故,甚至危及患者的生命安全。建立先进的输血信息管理系统不仅可以帮助输血工作者提高工作效率,还可以保障输血安全。我院输血信息管理系统在原来简单的日常发血基础上得到进一步完善,并应用于临床输血的各个环节,使临床用血更加科学、合理、安全、高效。
多次输血患者血小板抗体检测及输注效果分析

目的探讨多次输血患者血小板抗体及血小板输注效果之间的关系。方法选取118名患者,其中68例有多次输血史(输血>5次或输血小板>3次),40例无输血史。测定所有患者的血小板抗体及血小板输注效果。结果多次输血患者血小板抗体阳性率44%、PTR发生率41.2%,明显高于无输血组。PTR患者中血小板抗体阳性率60.6%。结论多次输血容易产生血小板抗体导致PTR,临床应尽量减少输血次数,减少血小板抗体的阳性率,尽量避免PTR的产生。
A抗原减弱白血病患者的ABO血型鉴定

目的确认1例ABO血型正反不符的白血病患者的ABO血型并探讨其ABO血型正反不符的形成原因,为临床同类ABO血型正反不符标本的鉴定和输血提供参考。方法我们通过应用血清学正反定型、吸收放散试验、唾液中ABH血型物质的测定、PCR-SSP基因分型、ABO基因直接测序等方法对该患者的ABO血型进行鉴定。结果血清学正反定型不符,正定型为B型,反定型为AB型;吸收放散试验表明,患者红细胞上含有A抗原;从患者唾液中检测到A、B血型物质,为AB型分泌型;PCR-SSP初步基因分型结果为AB型;根据第6、第7外显子PCR产物直接测序结果,判定该患者等位基因为A*101,B*101。结论该患者ABO血型为AB型。在临床输血实践中,结合血清学和分子生物学检测方法可以更为准确地对ABO血型抗原弱表达的病例进行血型分析,确保输血安全。
南昌市献血者HIV感染10年资料分析

目的通过对2003~2012年南昌市无偿献血者HIV感染情况分析,了解本市无偿献血者HIV感染状况,明确血站需要采取的完整措施,有效降低经输血传播HIV的风险。方法对2003~2012年无偿献血者HIV确证与感染资料进行统计分析。结果南昌市无偿献血者的抗-HIV感染率为0.12‰,感染流行趋势处于平稳期。感染者男女占比分别为88.00%和12.00%,已婚和未婚分别占比19.20%和80.80%。感染者以学生、职员和商业服务类人员居多。主要通过性传播,其中除正常异性接触占比8%以外,非婚异性占比65.00%,男男性行为占比23.00%,双性性行为占比4.00%。结论 HIV感染已经向一般人群扩散,尤其是大学生人群。感染者当中通过男男性行为传播的比例在2012年均创新高。政府、社会和血站应引起高度重视,加强艾滋病防治宣传,最大限度降低经输血传播HIV的风险,确保输血安全。
RFID技术在血液管理中的开发和应用

无线射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)是1种通过无线射频方式进行非接触双向数据通信,从而对目标加以识别的自动识别技术。传统的血液管理主要采用的是条形码标准技术。但条形码标签信息储存量小,且为只读信息,不利于日常管理和跟踪维护。同时,条形码可靠性较差,在潮湿环境或受磨损的情况下,可读性大大下降,甚至产生误读或错读。针对条形码技术的缺陷,我们2012年6月起尝试在医院输血科血液管理中开发应用RFID技术,为今后该技术在输血管理领域的全面应用奠定基础。现报告如下。
长沙地区临床退血情况分析与对策

目的通过收回发往临床的缺陷血液或可能存在质量和安全隐患的血液,分析退血情况,提高服务水平,确保产品质量。方法按退血品种、原因分类整理,统计各自所占比例并作出分析。结果2006~2012年共计退回11个血液品种、3 479.54 U血液,占临床用血的0.11%。退回的血液产品中品种最多的是RBC悬液,占总数48.91%,血袋缺陷、凝块、溶血、脂肪血、絮状物、血袋热合不严是退血主要原因。结论针对上述原因,从献血者、血站、临床用血机构、血袋供应商等方面制定出相应措施,杜绝可能存在质量和安全隐患的血液对受血者造成的人身伤害,保障临床用血安全、及时、有效。
悬浮红细胞24h内过滤白细胞对保存质量的影响

目的探讨白细胞过滤对血液质量及保存效果的影响。方法抽取本中心制备的合格悬浮红细胞60袋(400 mL/袋),随机分为过滤组和对照组,每组30袋。分别取2组保存1、7、14、21、28和35 d的血液标本(取10mL/次)测定血常规、pH值、Na~+、K~+、Cl~-浓度、葡萄糖和游离Hb含量。结果过滤组Plt和白细胞计数明显低于对照组,对照组14 d Plt和WBC计数开始下降,过滤组则在保存期间没有明显变化。2组pH值在保存期间均持续下降,过滤组7 d~21的pH值高于对照组(Ρ<0.05)。2组保存期间的Na~+浓度持续下降,但没有统计学差异。2组K~+浓度均持续上升,7 d开始过滤组K+浓度低于对照组(Ρ<0.05)。2组葡萄糖持续下降,且过滤组比对照组高(Ρ<0.05)。2组游离Hb在1~28 d没有统计学差异,35 d过滤组的游离Hb更低。结论悬浮红细胞在24 h内滤白能对其保存质量有所改善。
检出抗-E相对特异性自身抗体1例

含温自身抗体患者的配血常困扰输血工作者,通常其表现为与所有表型红细胞呈阳性反应,无特异性,比较罕见的表现为针对某单一红细胞抗原的特异性。本站最近遇到1例呈抗-E相对特异性自身抗体,现报道如下。
常见血常规指标与外周血造血干细胞采集效率的相关性分析

目的分析患者部分术前常见血常规指标与外周血造血干细胞采集效率之间的相关性。方法收集我科外周血干细胞采集患者(供者)样品32例次,检测采前血常规相关指标包括WBC、单个核细胞比例、Hct,并将这些指标与产品中CD34~+细胞总数、单位循环量CD34~+细胞数等指标进行相关性分析。结果产品中单个核细胞相关指标与采前WBC、单个核细胞计数以及Hct均显著正相关,但在CD34~+细胞水平,则与采前各血常规指标均无显著相关性。结论就目前的采集方法而言,外周血造血干细胞采集的效率与采前常见血常规指标无显著相关性。
成分输血在儿童血液疾病治疗中的应用分析

目的分析儿童血液病房成分输血的应用特点,总结成分输血的经验,提高血液资源的有效利用率。方法对本院2011年儿童血液病房所有成分输血(包括红细胞悬液、去白红细胞、洗涤红细胞、机采血小板、浓缩血小板、新鲜冰冻血浆、冷沉淀)资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果1)儿童血液病房全年成分输血763人次,占儿内科(不包括NICU、PICU)输血人次的99.2%。输注量占前3位的成分血分别是红细胞悬液、血小板、去白红细胞,分别占65.15%(497/763)、19.0%(145/763)、9.57%(73/763)。成分输血应用率达100%。2)病因主要为地中海贫血、白血病、再生障碍性贫血。白血病患儿输注红细胞成分时Hb平均(66.90±9.87)g/L,输注血小板成分时Plt平均(15.92±8.05)×10~9/L。再生障碍性贫血患儿输注红细胞成分时Hb平均(65.54±11.75)g/L,输注血小板成分时Plt平均(7.29±5.22)×10~9/L。白血病、再生障碍性贫血患儿输注红细胞成分时输血指征与诊疗指南符合率分别为93.3%、91.1%,输注血小板时输血指征符合率分别为73.1%、77.7%。地中海贫血患儿输注红细胞成分时Hb平均(75.97±11.56)g/L,与地中海贫血诊疗指南比较,输血指征符合率仅为9.35%。3)输血不良反应发生率为1.70%,其中,红细胞悬液发生不良反应1例,血浆1例,其余11例均为血小板输血不良反应(7.53%)。主要表现为发热反应、过敏反应,通过对症治疗均缓解,顺利完成输注,无休克等严重不良反应发生。结论成分输血是血液疾病治疗的重要手段,严格掌握成分输血指针,节约血液资源,同时又保证有效治疗患儿,提高血液病患儿的生活质量,应当引起高度重视及进一步探讨。
“血”联网:基于RFID技术在血液管理中的应用及思考

“血”联网从物联网(The internet of things)的概念延伸而来。2004年美国图书馆学会图书信息科技委员会(American Library Association)将射频识别(Radio Frequency IDentification,RFID)技术列入图书馆的九大科技与议题,RFID技术已初步应用于我国的近40家图书馆管理工作,如国家图书馆、集美大学图书馆、深圳图书馆等。RFID 技术在血液管理方面的应用还比较少,国际输血协会信息技术工作委员会(International Society for Blood Transfusion Working Party on Information Technology, ISBT WPIT)于2006年成立RFID特别工作组(Task Force on RFID)研究RFID发展现状并起草RFID在输血医学应用推荐指南。本文通过借鉴RFID技术在图书馆管理及其它领域应用的经验,结合临床血液管理实际提出我们关于RFID 技术在血液管理应用上的一些思考。
元认知心理干预模型在无偿献血中的应用探讨

目的评估献血者的心理健康状况,探索无偿献血的招募服务模型,为提高再次献血率提供科学依据。方法将4 000名无偿献血者随机分为实验组和对照组,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测试,实验组实行元认知心理干预,观察组献血反应发生率、再次献血率、单次献血量的比例、献血满意率。结果无偿献血者心理健康状况明显高于国内常模(P<0.01),实验组献血反应发生率、再次献血率、单次献血量、献血满意率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论对无偿献血者进行必要的心理干预是必须的,元认知心理干预模型对保留、招募无偿献血者,提高单次献血量,提高献血满意率,促进无偿献血事业发展有重要意义。