mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Prospects of key technologies of integrated energy systems for rural electrification in China

Owing to increasing environmental concerns and resource scarcity, integrated energy system shave become widely used in communities. Rural energy systems, as one of the important links of the energy network in China, suffer from low energy efficiency and weak infrastructure. Therefore, it is particularly important to increase the proportion of electricity consumption and build an integrated energy system for rural electrification in China (IESREIC) with a rural distribution network as the core, in line with national conditions. In this study, by analyzing the Chinese regional differences and natural resource endowments, the development characteristics of the IESREIC are summarized. Then, according to the existing rural energy problems, key technologies are proposed for the IESREIC, such as those for planning and operation, value sharing, infrastructure, and a management and control platform. Finally, IESREIC demonstration projects and business models are introduced for agricultural production, rural industrial systems, and rural life. The purpose is to propose research concepts for the IESREIC, provide suggestions for the development of rural energy, and provide a reference for the construction of rural energy systems in countries with characteristics similar to those of China.
Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank, impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/Al/W reactive material projectile (RMP) with a density of 7.8 g/cm~3, is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The fuel tank is a rectangular structure, welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm, and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene. Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s, and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed. However, the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene. Based on the experimental results, the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld. For mechanism considerations, the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank, thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects. Moreover, to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP, the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically. The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene, resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.
A new experimental way for the monitoring of the real/equivalent inservice-time of double base rocket propellant by coupling VST and PCA

The assessment of the real in-service-time (RIST) and the equivalent in-service-time (EIST) of double base rocket propellants (DBRPs) is of utmost importance for the safe storage and use of weapon systems as well as the efficiency of the accelerated aging plans. In this work, four DBRPs with similar chemical composition and different natural aging have been artificially aged at T = 338.65 K for 4 months with sampling every 30 days. The unaged and artificially aged samples have been investigated by vacuum stability test (VST) at five isothermal temperatures (T = 333.15 K, 343.15 K, 353.15 K, 363.15 K, and 373.15 K). The volume of the evolved gases in VST was found to decrease with natural/artificial aging. Furthermore, the VST data were treated and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed excellent discrimination of the DBRP samples according to their stability thermal properties. Most of the variance was described by the first principal component (PC1) whose scores were linearly correlated with the natural aging durations when PCA is applied on VST data obtained at T= 363.15 K. In light of the obtained results, a new experimental way for the estimation of the real/equivalent IST was proposed, which takes into account the impact of the natural aging of the sample. The approach predicts successfully the RIST of two similar DBRPs with a relative deviation of less than 2%. At the specific heating temperature T = 338.65 K, the developed model provides more conceivable EIST values, with asymptotic behavior against artificial aging duration evolution, thus overcoming some shortcomings of the common generalized van't Hoff formula (GvH).
Benefits of High-voltage SiC-based Power Electronics in Medium-voltage Power-distribution Grids

Medium-voltage (MV) power electronics equipment has been increasingly applied in distribution grids, and high-voltage (HV) silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This paper first overviews the development and status of HV SiC power semiconductors. Then, MV power-converter applications in distribution grids are summarized and the benefits of HV SiC in these applications are presented. Microgrids, including conventional and asynchronous microgrids, that can fully demonstrate the benefits of HV SiC power semiconductors are selected to investigate the benefits of HV SiC in detail, including converter-level benefits and system-level benefits. Finally, an asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system (PCS) prototype using a 10 kV SiC MOSFET is presented.
SRSF1 inhibits autophagy through regulating Bcl-x splicing and interacting with PIK3C3 in lung cancer

Alternative splicing is a critical process to generate protein diversity. However, whether and how alternative splicing regulates autophagy remains largely elusive. Here we systematically identify the splicing factor SRSF1 as an autophagy suppressor. Specifically, SRSF1 inhibits autophagosome formation by reducing the accumulation of LC3-II and numbers of autophagosomes in different cell lines. Mechanistically, SRSF1 promotes the splicing of the long isoform of Bcl-x that interacts with Beclin1, thereby dissociating the Beclin1-PIK3C3 complex. In addition, SRSF1 also directly interacts with PIK3C3 to disrupt the interaction between Beclin1 and PIK3C3. Consequently, the decrease of SRSF1 stabilizes the Beclin1 and PIK3C3 complex and activates autophagy. Interestingly, SRSF1 can be degraded by starvation- and oxidative stresses-induced autophagy through interacting with LC3-II, whereas reduced SRSF1 further promotes autophagy. This positive feedback is critical to inhibiting Gefitinib-resistant cancer cell progression both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, the expression level of SRSF1 is inversely correlated to LC3 level in clinical cancer samples. Our study not only provides mechanistic insights of alternative splicing in autophagy regulation but also discovers a new regulatory role of SRSF1 in tumorigenesis, thereby offering a novel avenue for potential cancer therapeutics.
Creating a novel herbicide-tolerance OsALS allele using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing

Weeds and weedy rice plague commercial rice fields in many countries.Developing herbicide-tolerance rice is the most efficient strategy to control weed proliferation.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing,which generates small InDels and nucleotide substitutions at and around target sites using error-prone non-homologous end joining DNA repairing,has been widely adopted for generation of novel crop germplasm with a wide range of genetic variation in important agronomic traits.We created a novel herbicide-tolerance allele in rice by targeting the acetolactate synthase (OsALS) gene using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing.The novel allele (G628W) arose from a G-to-T transversion at position 1882 of OsALS and conferred a high level of herbicide tolerance.Transgene-free progeny carrying homozygous G628W allele were identified and showed agronomic performance similar to that of wild-type plants,suggesting that the G628W allele is a valuable resource for developing elite rice varieties with strong herbicide tolerance.To promote use of the G628W allele and to accelerate introgression and/or pyramiding of the G628W allele with other elite alleles,we developed a DNA marker for the G628W allele that accurately and robustly distinguished homozygous from heterozygous segregants.Our result further demonstrates the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in creating novel genetic variation for crop breeding.
Dynamics of microbial diversity during the composting of agricultural straw

The dynamic changes in microbial diversity during the aerobic composting of agricultural crop straw with additives were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing at four phases of composting (mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling and maturation phases). In addition, the physicochemical parameters of the composting system were determined in this study. The fermentation time of the thermophilic period was prolonged with the addition of urea or urea combined with a microbial agent. The ratio of C/N and germination index variation indicated that the additives were favorable for composting, because the additives directly changed the physicochemical properties of the compost and had effects on the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi. The abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), diversity index (Shannon) and richness index (Chao1) of fungi and bacteria were found to significantly increase when urea+microbial agents were added to straw in the thermophilic phase. The relative abundance of the predominant bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus levels differed during different composting phases. The abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria declined in the order of treatments SNW>SN>S (S is straw only compost; SN is straw+5 kg t~(-1) urea compost; and SNW is straw+5 kg t~(-1) urea+ 1 kg t~(-1) microbial agent compost) in the thermophilic phase. The abundance of the genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Thermobifida followed the same order in the mesophilic phase. Ascomycota accounted for more than 92% of the total fungal sequences. With the progression of the composting process, the abundance of Ascomycota decreased gradually. The abundance of Ascomycota followed the order of S>SN>SNW during the thermophilic phase. The abundance of Aspergillus accounted for 4-59% of the total abundance of fungi and increased during the first two sampling periods. Aspergillus abundance followed the order of SNW>SN>S. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the community compositions in the straw and straw+urea treatments were similar, and that the bacterial communities in treatments S, SN and SNW in the mesophilic phase (at day 1) were different from those observed in three other phases (at days 5, 11, and 19, respectively), while the fungal communities showed only slight variations in their structure in response to changes in the composting process. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total carbon (TC), NO_3~--N (NN), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were highly correlated with community composition. Therefore, this study highlights that the additives are beneficial to straw composting and result in good quality compost.
Phenomenological studies on B~0 → [K~-π~+]_(S/V)[π~+π-]_(V/S) → K~-π~+π~+π-decay

Within the quasi-two-body decay model, we study the localized CP violation and branching fraction of the four-body decay B~0 → [K~-π~+]_(S/V)[π~+π-]_(V/S) → K~-π~+π-π~+ when the K~-π~+ and π-π~+ pair invariant masses are 0.35 < mK~-π~+ < 2.04 GeV and 0 < mπ-π~+ < 1.06 GeV, with the pairs being dominated by the K_0~*(700)~0,K*(892)~0,K*(1410)~0,K_0~*(1430)and K*(1680)~0, and f_0(500), p_0(770), ω(782)and f_0(980)resonances, respectively. When dealing with the dynamical functions of these resonances, f_0(500), ρ~0(770), f_0(980)and K_0~*(1430)are modeled with the Bugg model, Gounaris-Sakurai function, Flatte formalism and LASS lineshape, respectively, while the others are described by the relativistic Breit-Wigner function. Adopting the end point divergence parameters ρ_A ∈ [0,0.5] and φ_A ∈ [0,2π], our predicted results are A_(CP)→ K~-π~+π~+π-)∈ [-0.365,0.447] and B(B~0 → K~-π~+π~+π-)∈[6.11,185.32] × 10~(-8),based on the hypothetical qq structures for the scalar mesons in the QCD factorization approach. Meanwhile, we calculate the CP violating asymmetries and branching fractions of the two-body decays B~0 → SV(VS)and all the individual four-body decays B~0 → SV(VS)→ K~-π~+π-π~+, respectively. Our theoretical results for the two-body decays B~0 → K*(892)~0 f_0(980), B~0 → K_0~*(1430)~0 ω(782), B~0 → K*(892)~0 f_0(980), B~0 →K_0~*(1430)~0 ρ, and B~0 → K_0~*(1430)~0ω are consistent with the available experimental data, with the remaining predictions await testing in future high precision experiments.
A Review on Applications of Integrated Terahertz Systems

A review on Terahertz end-to-end systems with an emphasis on integrated approaches is presented. Four major catalogs of THz integrated systems,including THz communication systems,THz imaging systems,THz radars,and THz spectroscopy systems,are reviewed in this article. The performance of integrated systems is compared with non-integrated solutions,followed by a discussion on the trend in future research avenues and applications.
Amyloid pores in mitochondrial membranes

Neurodegenerative diseases of the amyloid type include common conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite the fact that the phenotypes of these neuropathic maladies differ widely, ranging from cognitive to motor and psychotic disturbances, they are all characterized by the pathological accumulation and deposition in the central nervous system of well-ordered protein aggregates known as amyloid fibrils. Accumulating evidence indicates that rather than the end-stage mature fibrils, however, it is the smaller, metastable intermediate forms (known as oligomers) of the aggregated protein and peptides which represent the most neurotoxic species (Chiti and Dobson, 2017). One suggested mechanism for such toxicity appears to involve the ability of oligomers to interact with plasma membranes whilst inducing cell leakage (Surguchov et al., 2017). However, contemporary work increasingly points to mitochondria, and hence mitochondrial membranes, as preferential targets for the pathogenic action of oligomers in the neuronal cell (Ghio et al., 2016).
The collision experiment between rolling stones of different shapes and protective cushion in open-pit mines

Though gravel cushions are used worldwide in open-pit mines and railway slopes to control the impact of rolling stones, no universal technical standards have been put in place to guide engineers in their correct design, and few laboratory test results are available with which to characterize collisions between rolling stones and a gravel cushion. We carried out a large number of experiments in which rolling stones made of the same material but differently shaped were dropped from various heights onto cushions with various particle sizes and thicknesses. We investigated the characteristics of the resulting collisions, and the relationships between coefficients of restitution (CORs) of blocks with different shape and release height H, cushion thickness h and particle diameter d are obtained through linear fitting method. Orthogonal testing reveals the relative influence of block shape, release height, and the particle size and thickness of the cushion on the collision characteristics, which can assist engineers in designing a gravel cushion suitable to the distribution and weathering characteristics of rolling stones in a specific area.
Wind-sand movement characteristics and erosion mechanism of a solar photovoltaic array in the middle of the Hobq Desert, Northwestern China

The operation and power generation of utility-scale solar energy infrastructure in desert areas are affected by changes in surface erosion processes resulting from the construction of solar photovoltaic (PV) power stations. However, few studies have addressed the interactions between solar PV arrays and aeolian erosion processes. In this study, wind flow field characteristics and the vertical distribution of sediments were investigated in the near-surface transport layer at three different locations with respect to the solar PV arrays in a 200 WM-p PV power station in the central Hobq Desert, northwestern China. The results indicate that the sediment transport varied around the panels, with the greatest transport occurring between the panels, followed by behind and in front of the panels. The sediment fluxes of all of the observation sites obey an exponential function. The secondary flow field zones formed around the PV panels: the conflux accelerating zone between the panels, the resistance decelerating zone of the under panels, and the transition zone of the rapid velocity increase in front of and behind the panels. This resulted in a greater shear force in front of the panels under the downward flow diversion effect of PV panels, and the wind erosion depressions were finally formed here. The results of this study provide information for planning better technical schemes for wind-sand hazards at solar PV power stations, which would ensure operational stability and safety in desert areas.
Vegetation dynamics and climate variability over the past 2000 years inferred from Son Kul marsh in the western Tianshan Mountains

A pollen study was conducted on an alpine marsh sediment in the Son Kul Basin and was allowed to reconstruct changes in vegetation dynamics and climatic information in the western Tianshan Mountains during the past 2000 years. Pollen diagram reveals that regional vegetation is dominated by alpine meadow in the past 2000 years, being similar with modern vegetation components in the basin. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae-indicated moisture exhibits a warm-dry Roman Warm Period (RWP, ~0-~500 AD), a cold-dry Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP, ~500-~800 AD), a warm-wet Medieval Warm Period (MWP, ~800-~1350 AD), a cold-dry Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1350-~1850 AD) and a warm-dry Current Warm Period (CWP, since ~1850 AD). Our pollen-based moisture reconstructions are supported by other nearby moisture records. Combined with other pollen data in the western Tianshan Mountains, we found that the vegetation was relatively stable before ~1650-~1750 AD and the anthropogenic activities obviously intensified afterwards (especially at the middle-elevation sites). Further work involving more and higher-resolution palaeovegetation records would contribute to fully understand the information on the complex links between environmental, climatic and anthropogenic changes in the western Tianshan Mountains.
Thermal-Hydraulic Calculation and Analysis on Evaporator System of a 1000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Pulverized Combustion Boiler with Double Reheat

A double reheat ultra-supercritical boiler is an important development direction for high-parameter and large-capacity coal-fired power plants due to its high thermal efficiency and environmental value. China has developed a 1000 MW double reheat ultra-supercritical boiler with steam parameters of 35 MPa at 605°C/613°C/613°C. Reasonable water wall design is one of the keys to safe and reliable operation of the boiler. In order to examine the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the double reheat ultra-supercritical boiler, the water wall system was equivalent to a flow network comprising series-parallel circuits, linking circuits and pressure nodes, and a calculation model was built on account of the conservation equations of energy, momentum and mass. Through the iterative solving of nonlinear equations, the prediction parameters of the water wall at boiler maximum continue rate (BMCR), 75% turbine heat-acceptance rate (THA) and 30% THA loads, including total pressure drops, flow distribution, outlet steam temperatures, fluid and metal temperatures were gotten. The results of calculation exhibit excellent thermal-hydraulic characteristics and substantiate the feasibility of the water wall design of the double reheat ultra-supercritical boiler.
Wind Tunnel Experiments and Numerical Study on Performance Characteristics of an H-type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in the Spanwise Direction

The aerodynamic forces and vortex characteristics of an H-type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) become complicated because of dynamic stall, particularly in the three-dimensional impact on the blade spanwise direction. This study focused on the evaluation of the aerodynamic performance and vortex characteristics of an H-type VAWT in the spanwise direction by numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments. Pressure acting on the blade surface was obtained from multiport pressure measurement devices by wind tunnel. Meanwhile, the vortex field around different blade sections was investigated through numerical simulations. The stall behavior was analysed by comparing the results of numerical simulations and experiments. As a result, the tangential force of single blade was mainly contributed at the chordwise position of x/c≤0.4c and the power of single blade was mainly contributed at the azimuthal angle range of 60°≤θ≤150° in the blade section position region of 0≤z/(H/2)≤0.7. At the section position of z/(H/2)=0.5, the initial flow separation was found at the suction side and progressed forward to the leading edge. With the increase of the tip speed ratios, the decreasing position of the averaged local power coefficient of each section was closer to the middle section of z/(H/2)=0, and the attenuation speed became faster. The power coefficient reductions at the blade section position of z/(H/2)=0.9 were 38.29%, 46.78% and 56.42% when the tip speed ratios were 1.38, 2.19 and 2.58, respectively. The results of this study provided a better understanding of the development of the performance characteristics and vortex characteristics of H-type VAWT.
Knowledge Mining of Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump Impeller Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Method

To clarify the complex relation between the pump blade shape and its corresponding hydraulic performance, the knowledge mining method of centrifugal pump impeller based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was proposed. The pump blade shape was parameterized by cubic Bezier curve. The Latin hypercube design method was employed to supply the necessary samples for producing the perturbations of blade wrap angle, and blade angle at inlet and outlet. The hydraulic efficiency and head were optimized by NSGA-II and RBF hybrid algorithm. The Pareto-optimal solutions were obtained. In order to further illustrate the relationship between the centrifugal pump blade shape and its hydraulic performance, the POD method was used to discover the effects of optimized blade shape to the flow solutions. For the optimization of centrifugal pump MH48-12.5, blade shape and relative velocity field in impeller from Pareto-optimal solutions were analyzed. The results demonstrate that larger blade angle and smaller wrap angle increase the average kinetic energy in impeller, resulting in higher pump head design. Smaller blade angle and larger wrap angle decrease the velocity gradient from the pressure side to suction side, resulting in smaller hydraulic loss and higher efficiency design.