mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Design and engineering implementation of non-supplementary fired compressed air energy storage system: TICC-500

The integration and accommodation of the wind and solar energy pose great challenges on today's power system operation due to the intermittent nature and volatility of the wind and solar resources. High efficient large-scale electrical energy storage is one of the most effective and economical solutions to those problems. After the comprehensive review of the existing storage technologies, this paper proposes an overall design scheme for the Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage (NFCAES) system, including system design, modeling and efficiency assessment, as well as protection and control. Especially, the design principles of the multistage regenerative, i.e. heat recovery system which is used to fully recycle and utilize the waste heat from compression are provided, so as the overall system efficiency evaluation method. This paper theoretically ascertains the storage decoupling rules in the potential and internal energy of molecular compressed air and reveals the conversion mechanism of gas, heat, power, electricity and other forms of energy. On this basis, a 500-kW physical simulation system of CAES system (TICC-500, Tsinghua-IPCCAS-CEPRI-CAES) is built, which passed a system-wide 420-kW load power generation test with less pollution and zero carbon emissions. Besides, the multi-form energy conversion of multi-stage regenerative CAES and storage efficiency is verified, especially its incomparable superiority in solving the uncertainty problem in wind and solar power generation. Finally, the propaganda and application scenario of the CAES system in China is introduced.
Origin of the Furongian limestone breccias in the North China Platform

Limestone breccias are a common phenomenon in the Cambrian successions worldwide. They bear important geological implications that have attracted geologists for several decades. There are, however, still controversies on their origins, especially those of the breccias with abundant vertically orientated clasts. The Furongian(upper Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation of the North China Platform contains numerous levels of limestone breccias and conglomerates that provide an excellent example to look into their formative processes. These breccias and conglomerates have been the focus of study and discussion since the 1980 s, but yet there is still no consensus with respect to their geneses. Recently, Van Loon and others argued that the vertically orientated clasts of the breccias developed by a number of simultaneous "fountains" on the paleo-seafloor; the "fountains" formed by upward-directed fluidized flows originated from the sediment underlying the brecciated limestones. While the novel "fountain" hypothesis is not impossible, based on field evidences and theoretical considerations, however, it is most likely that the vertically orientated clasts resulted from their re-orientation by upward flow of thixotropically liquidized, uncemented argillaceous sediment that was interbedded with brecciated limestone fragments. Besides, the deformation processes most likely took place under shallow burial.
Whole genome sequencing of cotton-a new chapter in cotton genomics

A Cotton Genome Consortium led by the Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with scientists from Peking University, Wuhan University, BGI and US Department of Agriculture Southern Plains Research Center has completed the genome sequence of the allotetraploid G. hirsutum (AtDt) by using the second- generation high-throughput sequencing technology assisted by 5-fold traditional BAC-to-BAC sequences. In this assembly 88.5% of the 2,173-Mb scaffolds which cover 89.6%-96.7% of the AtDt genome, are anchored and oriented to 26 pseudochromosomes. The G. hirsutum genome contains 76,493 protein-coding genes and transposable elements, which are mainly long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, accounted for 67.2% of the tetraploid cotton genome. The findings have been online published in Nature Biotechnology on April 20th entitled "Genome sequence of cultivated Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum TM-1) provides insights into genome evolution". Before publication of this tetraploid cotton genome, the same team has already sequenced and assembled two diploid ancestor genomes, G. raimondii (DD) and G. arboreum (AA).
Characteristics and mechanisms of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density

In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of ~5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism(s). The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.
Effect of the span of Australian GPS coordinate time series in establishing an optimal noise model

The span of coordinate time series affects the determination of an optimal noise model. We analyzed position data recorded for 10 continuous Global Positioning System(GPS) sites from 1998.0 to mid-2009 on the Australian Plate to estimate the best noise model and thereafter obtain the true uncertainties of the velocity, employing the maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) method. MLE was employed to analyze the data in four ways. In the first two analyses, the noise was assumed to be a combination of flicker noise and white noise for the raw time series and spatially filtered time series. In the final two analyses, the spectral indices and amplitudes were simultaneously estimated for a power law noise plus white noise model for the raw time series and spatially filtered time series. We conclude that the noise model of GPS time series in Australia can be best described as the combination of flicker noise and white noise. Velocity uncertainties fall below ~0.2 mm/yr when the time span exceeds ~9.5 years. A comparison of noise amplitudes and maximum likelihood estimation values between the raw and spatially filtered time series suggests that traditional spatial filtering to remove common-mode errors might not be applicable to the raw time series of this region.
Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem-like cells from human nucleus pulposus tissue

Large numbers of individuals experience low back pain (LBP) during their lifetime. LBP excruciates approximately 80% aging population and causes significant socio- economic problem. LBP often originates from the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a specialized biomechanical complex composed of a hyper-hydrated and oligocellular central structure, namely, the nucleus pulposus (NP), and the annulus fibrous (AF). Most current available treatments for IVDD only work on symptomatic relief, and do not cure this disease. MSCs could be a cell therapy candidate in clinical IVD regenerative therapies due to the avascular characteristic of NP. MSCs are distributed in all tissues and recognized by their ability to self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate into several cell types. In the last few years, Blanco et al. identified MSCs from the degenerate human NP and compared them with bone marrow (BM) MSCs. They concluded that MSCs obtained from NP are quite similar to BM-MSCs, with the exception of their adipogenic differentiation ability.
A comparative study of the specific surface area and pore structure of different shales and their kerogens

The pore structures and controlling factors of several different Paleozoic shales from Southern China and their kerogens were studied using nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results indicate that: 1) The specific surface area is 2.22-3.52 m~2/g and has no correlation with the TOC content of the Permian Dalong Formation shales, nanopores are extremely undeveloped in the Dalong Formation kerogens, which have specific surface areas of 20.35-27.49 m~2/g; 2) the specific surface area of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales is in the range of 17.83-29.49 m~2/g and is positively correlated with TOC content, the kerogens from the Longmaxi Formation have well-developed nanopores, with round or elliptical shapes, and the specific surface areas of these kerogens are as high as 279.84-300.3 m~2/g; 3) for the Niutitang Formation shales, the specific surface area is 20.12-29.49 m~2/g_(rock) and increases significantly with increasing TOC and smectite content. The Niutitang Formation kerogens develop a certain amount of nanopores with a specific surface area of 161.2 m~2/g. Oil shale was also examined for comparison, and was found to have a specific surface area of 19.99 m~2/g. Nanopores are rare in the Youganwo Formation kerogen, which has a specific surface area of only 5.54 m~2/g, suggesting that the specific surface area of oil shale is due mainly to the presence of smectite and other clay minerals. The specific surface area and the number of pores present in shales are closely related to TOC, kerogen type and maturity, smectite content, and other factors. Low-maturity kerogen has very few nanopores and therefore has a very low specific surface area, whereas nanopores are abundant in mature to over- mature kerogen, leading to high specific surface areas. The Longmaxi Formation kerogen has more developed nanopores and a higher specific surface area than the Niutitang Formation kerogen, which may be due to differences in the kerogen type and maceral components. A high content of smectite may also contribute to shale surface area. The pore volume and specific surface area of low-maturity kerogens are mainly attributable to pores with diameters above 10 nm. By contrast, the pore volume of mature kerogens consists predominantly of pores with diameters above 10 nm with some contribution from about 4 nm diameter pores, while the specific surface area is due mainly to pores with diameters of less than 4 nm. Through a comparative study of the specific surface area and pore structure characteristics of different shales and their kerogens, we conclude that the Longmaxi Formation shales and Niutitang Formation shales have greater sorption capacities than the Dalong Formation shales.
Enzyme with a memory for its substrate?

In the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate, the enzyme is induced by the substrate followed by a change in enzymic conformation to fit the substrate. So far, many laboratories have been studying the neural memory. Recently, a few colleagues pay attention to enzymes involving the cellular storage of information, improving cellular memory and maintaining LTP. Here, I would like to have a short discussion whether enzyme has a memory for the substrate after interaction with each other. As shown in Figure 1, Eisenia fetida protease I (EfP-1) has at least two substrates (chromozym Th and chromozym U). EfP-1 could not recognize chromozym U after reacted with chromozym Th. In contrast, the Km for chromozym Th became much greater after the enzyme had reacted with chromozym U. In further investigation, Eisenia fetida protease II (EfP-II) and subtilisin showed similar characteristics in the reaction with their substrates. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the reversible reaction of pyruvate reduction to lactate. The affinity for lactate of LDH significantly became low after induced by pyruvic acid, and vice versa. This mnemonical-like characteristic is resulted from the conformational change in the interaction between the enzyme and substrate. S1 induces enzyme into a relatively stable complementary conformation that should not preferentially fit S2. It seems that the enzyme has got a memory for S1. Furthermore, if there are numbers (n) of S1, the enzyme memorizes the first molecule of S1 (n=1) in the interaction, then catalyzes the S1 one after another (n≥2) in a lock/key mechanism. Interestingly, wheat germ hexokinase LI has two initial states, X_1 being the form that binds glucose preferentiallypreferentially, and X_6 the one that binds glucose 6-phosphate. Meunier and colleagues presented a theory that associates burst (or lag) kinetics with the respective concentrations of enzyme initial states X_1 and X_6 and with the cooperation of a mnemonical enzyme. It appears that the enzyme has acquired a memory for S1 after being induced by S1. How deep the memory is for S1 depends upon the stability of the conformation induced by S1. The yield of S1-induced enzyme will increase when S1 increases in cellular microenvironment. Resultantly, the cell has to express the nascent enzyme in response to the increase of S2, or S1-induced enzyme probably has its conformation changed through some cellular procedures to compensate the reaction with S2. The mnemonical characteristic for the substrate economizes the inducing procedure for another S1 (n≥2) when the enzyme is induced to fit S1 (n=1), decreases the transient free energy and improves the rate of enzymic catalysis.
Not just a sponge: new functions of circular RNAs discovered

One of the most exciting findings in RNA biology is the discovery of numerous circular RNAs (circRNA) in mammalian genome. Once being considered as low abundance splicing byproducts, circRNAs are surprisingly abundant and can be generated by multiple pathways. The majority of circRNAs are generated from the RNA backsplicing in which an upstream 3' splicing site (ss) is joined with a downstream 5' ss. Several groups have independently demonstrated that the complementary paring of intronic sequences is sufficient to promote the biogenesis of circRNA via backsplicing. In addition, intronic circRNAs can also be generated through partial degradation of lariat RNAs that are splicing byproduct.
Micro RNA profiles and potential regulatory pattern during the early stage of spermatogenesis in mice

Spermatogenesis is a complicated and poorly understood process that relies on the precise regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia. In many organisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in multiple developmental processes as critical regulators of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. This study investigated the expression pattern of miRNAs in type B spermatogonia cells (BSc) and primary spermatocytes (PSc) of mice, using a high-throughput small RNA sequencing system. The results revealed that the expression levels of Let-7 family miRNAs were remarkably high in both cell types. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-21, miR-140-3p, miR-103, miR-30a, miR-101b and miR-99b were decreased during the transformation from BSc to PSc. These miRNAs target vital genes that participate in apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, junction assembly and cell cycle regulation. These results highlight the indispensable role of miRNAs in spermatogenesis.
Maintenance of the activity of mono-dispersed Au and Ag nano-particles embedded in agar gel for ion-sensing and antimicrobial applications

Composite materials were synthesized by encapsulating Au and Ag nanoparticles in an agar gel matrix. These metallic nano-particles were found to be separately stored, so their optical, catalytic, and antibacterial properties were retained both in the composite gel and a composite membrane. The composite gels were stable under hard external conditions. Based on this, a sensor for the detection of Hg~(2+) was developed using the Au nanoparticle/agar composite gel. Antibacterial materials were achieved using the Ag nanoparticle/agar composite gel and composite membrane. These two Ag nanoparticle-based materials showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.
Green synthesis of MnO_x nanostructures and studies of their supercapacitor performance

Manganese oxides with different crystalline phases and morphologies were prepared by calcining MnCO_3 precursors. The MnCO_3 precursors with different morphologies were obtained through a green route under hydrothermal conditions with orange pericarp extracting solution as the reducing agent. By calcining the precursor under different temperatures and atmospheres, MnO_x with different stoichiometric ratios (i.e., MnO, MnO_2, Mn_2O_3, and Mn_3O_4) can be obtained. Electrochemical studies reveal that among these manganese oxides, MnO or MnO_2 are more suitable as supercapacitor working electrodes than Mn_2O_3 or Mn_3O_4. They exhibit high specific capacitance up to 296.6 F/g and also possess good cycling stability, which make them potential electrode materials for supercapacitors.
8-rank of the class group and isotropy index

Suppose F = Q((–p1 · · · pt)(1/2)) is an imaginary quadratic number field with distinct primes p1, . . ., pt, where pi ≡ 1 (mod 4) (i = 1, . . ., t – 1) and pt ≡ 3 (mod 4). We express the possible values of the 8-rank r8 of the class group of F in terms of a quadratic form Q over F_2 which is defined by quartic symbols. In particular, we show that r8 is bounded by the isotropy index of Q.
An additive-multiplicative rates model for multivariate recurrent events with event categories missing at random

Multivariate recurrent event data arises when study subjects may experience more than one type of recurrent events. In some situations, however, although event times are always observed, event categories may be partially missing. In this paper, an additive-multiplicative rates model is proposed for the analysis of multivariate recurrent event data when event categories are missing at random. A weighted estimating equations approach is developed for parameter estimation, and the resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, a model-checking technique is presented to assess the adequacy of the model. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite sample behavior of the proposed estimators, and an application to a platelet transfusion reaction study is provided.
The characteristics of oasis urban expansion and drive mechanism analysis:a case study on Ganzhou District in Hexi Corridor, China

Ganzhou District is an oasis city in the Zhangye Municipality of Gansu Province, China. Based on multi-temporal TM and ETM satellite remote sensing data in 1985, 1996, 2000, and 2012, and by using corrected figures of land use status over the same periods, the spatial area of Ganzhou District since 1985 was extracted with statistical methods, and urban spatial expansion was measured by quantitative research methods. The characteristics of spatial expansion of Ganzhou District were analyzed by urban expansion rate, expansion intensity index, compactness, fractal dimension, and the city center shift method. The results showed that the built-up area of Ganzhou District increased by 3.46 times during 1985–2012. The expansion in 1985–1996 was slow, during 1996–2000 it was rapid, and during 2000–2012 it was at a high speed. This city mainly expanded to the northeast and northwest. Government decision making had a decisive influence on urban expansion. Initially the expansion was uniform, but later the local transportation, economy, resources, population, and national policies factors had an obvious influence on urban expansion.
Comparing the seasonal variation of parameter estimation of ecosystem carbon exchange between alpine meadow and cropland in Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various combinations of a simple ecosystem respiration model and a photosynthesis model to simulate the influence of different climate factors, specifically radiation, temperature, and moisture, on the ecosystem carbon exchange at two dissimilar study sites. Using a typical alpine meadow site in a cold region and a typical cropland site in an arid region as cases, we investigated the response characteristics of productivity of grasslands and croplands to different environmental factors, and analyzed the seasonal change patterns of different model parameters. Parameter estimations and uncertainty analyses were performed based on a Bayesian approach. Our results indicated that: (1) the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of alpine meadow and seeded maize during the growing season presented obvious diurnal and seasonal variation patterns. On the whole, the alpine meadow and seeded maize ecosystems were both apparent sinks for atmospheric CO_2; (2) in the daytime, the mean NEE of the two ecosystems had the largest values in July and the lowest values in October. However, overall carbon uptake in the cropland was greater than in the alpine meadow from June to September; (3) at the alpine meadow site, temperature was the main limiting factor influencing the ecosystem carbon exchange variations during the growing season, while the sensitivity to water limitation was relatively small since there is abundant of rainfall in this region; (4) at the cropland site, both temperature and moisture were the most important limiting factors for the variations of ecosystem carbon exchanges during the growing season; and (5) some parameters had an obvious characteristic of seasonal patterns, while others had only small seasonal variations.
Effects of Tailed Pulse-Bias on Ion Energy Distributions and Charging Effects on Insulating Substrates

A hybrid sheath model, including a fluid model and a Monte Carlo (MC) method, is proposed to study ion energy distributions (IEDs) driven by a radiofrequency (RF) with a tailed pulse-bias on an insulating substrate, where a charging effect is obviously caused by the ions accumulated. This surface charging effect will significantly affect the IEDs on the insulating substrate. In this paper, a voltage compensation method is employed to eliminate the charging effect by making the pulse-bias waveform have a certain gradient. Furthermore, we investigate the IEDs under the condition of different pulse-bias duty ratios, waveforms, amplitudes, and cycle proportions. It is found that the parameters of the pulsed source can effectively modulate the IEDs on the insulating substrate and the charging effect, and more desired IEDs are obtained by using the voltage compensation method with modulations of pulse parameters.
老年H型高血压患者凝血功能的变化

流行病学调查显示,我国高血压患者近四分之三伴有血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平>10 μmol/L,这类高血压患者在《中国高血压防治指南2010》中称为"H型高血压"。研究显示,Hcy与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的发生发展密切相关,Hcy水平升高可能是心血管疾病重要的发病因素之一。同时,高血压患者常常伴有凝血功能的改变。本文旨在观察老年H型高血压患者凝血功能指标水平的变化。
认知功能对老年人生存质量的影响

本研究中调查对象农村人口占绝大多数,农村老年人的经济水平相对较低,住房环境相对较差,可享受的医疗服务与社会保障相对较少,获取新信息、新知识、技能的机会也比较少及交通条件的不便利等这些因素可能是导致河北省老年人QOL低于我国常模的原因。
团体活动对社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理水平的影响

目的评价团体活动对社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者自我管理的干预效果。方法随机抽取长沙市望月湖社区21例稳定期COPD患者为干预组,抽取桐梓坡社区20例稳定期COPD患者为对照组。通过访谈,结合文献检索、专家咨询等方法确定团体活动模式,两组均发放《COPD自我管理知识手册》。干预组进行1次/w,连续8 w,并在干预后每月予以2次电话随访,共随访6个月;对照组提供一般健康教育。干预结束后干预组为17例,对照组为20例。采用重复测量方差分析的统计方法,测量COPD患者自我管理量表分别在干预前、干预后即时、干预后6个月的得分状况,观察干预效果。结果①干预后资料分析显示干预组在干预后即时、干预后6个月自我管理总分及各维度得分均高于干预前(P<0.05);对照组干预后即时、干预后6个月自我管理总分及各维度得分与干预前得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②干预前,干预组与对照组自我管理总分及各维度得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后即时和干预后6个月干预组自我管理总分及各维度得分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论团体活动模式可以改善社区COPD患者的症状、信息、自我效能、情绪、日常生活管理水平。