mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
基于ArcGIS的克里金插值方法及其应用

介绍地统计学的概念和克里金插值的原理及步骤,从地统计学的角度出发,借助ArcGIS软件的GA功能,针对试验区域高程点数据进行试验分析,介绍GA模块中克里金插值法的应用,给出克里金插值方法的精度分析及应用优势。
基于模拟退火算法的遥感影像亚像元定位方法

根据地物空间分布自相关原理,提出一种基于模拟退火算法的亚像元定位新方法,通过优化子像元的空间分布,最终确定混合像元中各组分的位置。通过遥感影像数据对模型进行测试,并使用已有评价指标对试验结果的视觉效果和分类精度进行评价,试验证明本方法能更好地重建地物空间分布,与硬分类方法相比能显著提高分类精度。
与CGCS2000相联系的独立坐标系建立方法研究

详细阐述利用椭球变换和坐标转换原理建立基于CGCS2000城市独立坐标系的方法,并用实例进行论证。采用此方法建立的独立坐标系,既实现了与CGCS2000的密切联系,又保证了在旧独立坐标系中产生的已有测绘地理信息成果,不经过任何技术处理在新建独立坐标系中能够直接使用,对城市独立坐标系统的改造具有一定的指导意义。
基于SLR的北斗卫星精密轨道确定

卫星轨道的精密确定是利用GNSS进行高精度导航和定位的前提。我国北斗二代卫星导航系统正处于建设阶段,在精密定轨方面还存在着尚未完全组网、观测数据较少、跟踪站局限于国内等不足。北斗卫星在对地一侧都安装了激光后向反射器,可以实施卫星激光测距。本文研究利用SLR观测数据进行北斗卫星精密定轨的算法,并通过编程进行试验。试验结果表明,利用SLR进行定轨的精度可以达到米级。
抗差Kriging方法在GPS高程拟合中的应用研究

由于环境或人为因素的影响,观测值中往往含有粗差,针对普通Kriging方法在GPS高程拟合中受粗差影响的问题,提出基于抗差估计的样本变异函数模型,以降低或消除粗差的干扰。利用实测数据对该算法进行试验分析,结果表明,利用改进的抗差变异函数模型处理含有异常值的观测样本,能有效地抵制异常值的影响,验证了抗差Kriging法在局部区域内进行高程拟合的可靠性和准确性。
Sexual selection and hermaphroditic organisms: Testing theory

Sexual selection is widespread if not ubiquitous in hermaphroditic organisms. Although many phenomena that have been described as sexual selection in gonochores, (e.g. harem polygamy, multiple mating, elaborate courtship, even secondary sexual characters) can be found in some hermaphrodites, what is more interesting is the ways in which sexual selection in hermaphrodites may differ from dioecious taxa. In hermaphrodites, an individual's mating success includes its success from both sexual roles. Secondly, in many simultaneously hermaphroditic taxa there is strong evidence of sexual selection and yet the operational sex ratio is 1:1, by definition. Many simultaneous hermaphrodites have elaborate courtship and genital anatomy, suggesting sexual selection plays an important role in reproductive success. Sperm competition and cryptic female choice mean that the number of mates acquired is not necessarily a predictor of reproductive success. Even in simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal mating, variance in reproductive success through the male role and through the female role may differ in a population. Moreover hermaphrodites may choose to emphasize one sexual role over the other. Data suggest that the preferred role varies in hermaphrodites, which creates an opportunity to test fundamental predictions and assumptions of sexual selection theory. Hermaphrodites may vary their emphasis on one sexual role over the other either developmentally or behaviorally in response to environmental or social parameters. How they use this capability in acquiring more or higher quality mates still requires study [Current Zoology 59 (4): 579-588, 2013].
Population structure and demographic history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in China

Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. Although the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied on species in Europe and North America, genetic legacy of species in the Pleistocene in north and northwest of China where glaciations was not synchronous with the ice sheet development in the Northern Hemisphere or or had little or no ice cover during the glaciations' period, remains poorly understood. Here we used phylogeographic methods to investigate the genetic structure and population history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in north and northwest China. A 1,152 - 1,154 bp portion of the mtDNA CR were sequenced for all 279 specimens and a total number of 91 haplotypes were defined by 113 variable sites. High levels of gene flow were found and gene flow estimates were greater than 1 for most population pairs in our study. The AMOVA analysis showed that 81% and 16% of the total genetic variability was found within populations and among populations within groups, respectively. The demographic history of chukar was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Late Pleistocene population expansion. Results revealed that most populations of chukar experienced population expansion during 0.027 - 0.06 Ma. These results are at odds with the results found in Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023 to 0.018 Ma). Our results are not consistent with the results from avian species of Tibetan Plateau, either, where species experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5 to 0.175 Ma) [Current Zoology 59 (4): 458-474, 2013].
先天性婴儿型胆管纤维肉瘤一例

目前对纤维肉瘤的治疗主要为手术切除。肿瘤体积较大的患者可先行化疗,待肿瘤体积缩小后再行手术切除。先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤术后转移率及病死率均明显低于成人型纤维肉瘤。Soule和Pritchard报道先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤的预后与患儿发病年龄和发病部位相关。先天性纤维肉瘤软组织包块未切除干净,肿瘤可自发消退或长期无复发。本例患儿术中探查肿瘤充填胆总管中下段,难以完整切除,故行胆囊造瘘+胆总管探查+T管引流术,术后未行化疗,随访6个月,患儿一般情况尚可,黄疸消退。对于其远期预后笔者将继续密切随访。
伴陈旧性会阴裂的阴道松弛矫治方法

妇女因产伤及年龄的增长,盆底支撑力下降,阴道及阴道口均发生松弛,影响正常的性生活,随着人们生活质量的提高,要求手术矫治者逐渐增多。目前,阴道紧缩术的术式及技巧也日渐完善,2010至2012年,我们采用肛提肌缝合及会阴体重建的方法,矫治伴陈旧性会阴裂的阴道松弛者共18例,取得满意效果。
拉曼光谱技术及其在眼科领域中的应用

拉曼光谱技术(Raman spectroscopy technique)是一种非破坏性的指纹成像技术。现已在材料、化工、生物医学、环保等领域有着广泛的应用。文中旨在讨论拉曼光谱技术及其在眼科领域中的应用。凭借其样品制备简便、对水的散射小等优点,拉曼光谱成功应用于角膜、视网膜、晶状体、眼科肿瘤等方面的研究。拉曼光谱做为一种新的光谱方法,在眼科领域中具有较广泛地应用前景,有望成为一种新的眼科疾病诊断工具。
Micron Ⅲ视网膜影像系统大鼠荧光素眼底血管造影

荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)评定眼底病的病理状态和治疗效果直观且客观。目前国内针对大鼠FFA检查多使用Heidelberg眼底血管造影设备,并通过大鼠尾静脉注射造影剂。但大鼠眼极小,与人眼比较存在屈光参差,用于人眼的造影仪器难于捕捉到清晰的大鼠眼底血管形态图像;另外,由于角质层厚、色素遮挡、反复注射等原因,可导致大鼠尾静脉注射困难。我们采用国外使用较多的Micron Ⅲ视网膜影像系统,以大鼠腹腔注射荧光素钠的方法对一组正常挪威棕色(BN)大鼠及糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)、脉络膜新生血管(CNV)、视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)模型大鼠进行了FFA检查,并与Heidelberg眼底血管造影效果进行比较。现将结果报道如下。
某煤矿矿工健康检查结果

目的对某煤矿接尘职工健康状况分析,为相关政策的制定提供科学依据。方法对该煤矿井下及地面作业部分职工共计1143名在岗职工进行职业健康检查,对89名离退休职工拍摄高仟伏X线胸片检查。结果在岗职工体检异常率为52.41%(599/1143),总体异常率为51.46%(634/1232)。血清丙氨酸转氨酶升高(24.06%)、甘油三酯偏高(20.73%)及高血压检出率(18.81%)列前3位。不同工种高血压分级构成比的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同工种的不同心电图异常构成比的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。新诊断I期尘肺15人,晋期2人,观察对象12人。结论重点监护人群是掘进工和采煤工。要加强尘肺病的防治,关注心血管等疾病的预防。
加味圣愈汤对脑外伤大鼠脑组织氧化应激指标的影响

我们通过观察加味圣愈汤治疗对脑外伤后脑组织中氧化应激相关指标一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醇(MDA)、总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,探讨其抑制继发性脑损伤的机制。
脊髓损伤后白细胞介素-6调控作用的研究进展

脊髓损伤(SCI)可分为原发性损伤和继发性损伤,继发性损伤包括了局部缺血缺氧、免疫炎性反应、自由基损伤及脂质过氧化等一系列病理过程,而免疫炎性反应是继发性损伤中最为重要的病理过程之一。细胞因子作为免疫炎性反应中基本的调控分子,它参与并调控SCI后的炎性反应,在所有的细胞因子中,白细胞介素-6(IL-6)具有广泛的免疫调节作用,是机体重要的促炎细胞因子,现对IL-6在SCI后作用机制的研究予以综述。
玉米新品种豫单603亲本特性和高产制种技术研究

通过连续两年在海南和甘肃制种基地对豫单603亲本生物学特性的观察,提出了该品种高产优质制种在基地选择、种植密度、播期调节、水肥管理、去杂去劣及种子收获等方面的关键生产技术,以期为该品种优质种子繁育提供指导。
铜仁地区玉米新品种抗(耐)旱鉴定与筛选研究

针对干旱严重制约铜仁地区玉米稳产增产的突出问题,铜仁地区农科所广泛搜集玉米新品种(2007后审定的品种)及铜仁所自育新组合,进行耐旱、耐高温、抗逆性鉴定与筛选,采用随机区组设计、方差分析方法,以产量指标及经济性状为主要鉴定与筛选依据,同时考察生物学性状和抗病性、抗倒性,系统鉴定筛选新品种。通过田间试验、考察与系统分析,鉴定与筛选出抗旱性、丰产性较好的品种正大999、巨单1564、裕单99、义农218,建议在我区干旱区大面积推广应用。
狼尾草种子萌发条件的研究

以采自河南、湖北、湖南和江西4个不同地区的狼尾草种子为试验材料,设20、25、30℃和35℃4个恒温处理,研究狼尾草种子萌发的适宜温度。结果表明,25℃和30℃处理下,种子萌发时间较其它处理早1~2 d,发芽率和发芽指数显著高于20℃和30℃,综合考虑,狼尾草种子的最适宜萌发温度为恒温25~30℃,初次计数时间为第5天。
贵州马铃薯种质资源数据库的设计与实现

设计并构建了一个基于B/S结构模式、利用信息查询技术和C#面向对象编程开发技术设计开发的贵州马铃薯种质资源数据库系统。以《农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程马铃薯NY/1303-2007》作为马铃薯种质资源描述规范和数据标准指导构建数据库,通过本系统可以全面了解贵州种质资源数据库各个马铃薯种质的特征特性,为马铃薯种质资源共享构建基础的服务平台。
以发酵稻壳为主要原料的烤烟漂浮育苗基质替代性研究

在安徽省亳州市开展了以发酵稻壳为主要原料的烤烟漂浮育苗基质替代性研究,结果表明:发酵稻壳∶高温消毒熟土∶膨化珍珠岩按6∶(2~2.5)∶(1.5~2)的配方,其基本理化性状、苗床表现及干物质积累表现较好,原料广泛、价格低廉、操作简单,综合成本较低,可以替代现烤烟漂浮育苗使用的商品基质,在生产中应用。
磁共振似脑肿瘤的原发性中枢神经系统血管炎一例

原发性中枢神经系统血管炎(primary angiitis of central nervous system,PACNS)是一种罕见的仅累及中枢神经系统、不伴有中枢神经系统外损害的、表现为血管炎的自身免疫性疾病。1959年Cravioto H等首次报导这种疾病,并将其描述为好发于中枢神经系统的非感染性肉芽肿性血管炎。由于该病缺乏特异的临床表现和神经系统影像学改变,诊断较为困难。现将我科误诊1例报告如下。
条纹状掌跖角皮病1例

条纹状掌跖角皮病是一种少见的常染色体显性遗传病,其致病基因定位于18q12.1,由于编码桥粒芯蛋白的基因移码突变,导致桥粒芯蛋白数量减少,角蛋白丝聚集,透明角蛋白颗粒畸形。根据突变基因的不同分为3型:①I型:桥粒芯蛋白-1(desmoglein-1)发生突变;②Ⅱ型:桥斑蛋白(desmoplakin)发生突变;③Ⅲ型:角蛋白-1 (keratin-1)发生突变。
心血管风险评估与阿司匹林一级预防

阿司匹林对冠心病二级预防的价值已得到肯定。抗栓试验协作组(Antithrombotic Triallists' Collaboration,ATT)荟萃分析287项随机临床对照研究结果显示,抗血小板治疗使严重心血管事件减少25%,其中非致死性心肌梗死减少33%,心血管死亡减少17%。一项荟萃分析人选既往心肌梗死(MI)、稳定性心绞痛及卒中的患者,发现小剂量阿司匹林(75~325mg/d)降低心血管事件21%,包括非致命性MI、非致命性卒中和心血管死亡。
红斑肢痛症案

按语:红斑肢痛症是一种由于自主神经功能紊乱致血管舒缩功能障碍而表现为肢端局部灼热剧痛、皮色潮红,受热或活动后疼痛加重,以灼热疼痛、遇凉减轻为特点的一种病症。发病部位以手足多见,以双足部最为常见,大部分双侧同时发病,发作时患处痛如汤泼火燃,入睡后足部因温暖而疼痛加剧,因此患者常常将足部暴露于被外。浸泡于冷水中或抬高患肢,可暂时缓解患处的疼痛和热感。中医学对红斑肢痛症有类似描述,《冯氏锦囊秘录》云:“妇人脚十趾如热油者,此由营卫气虚,湿毒之气,流滞经络……下攻脚则脚痛,其脚趾如焚”;清代陈士铎《石室秘录》有“脚板红”“手足痛”和“人脚中色红如火”等论述。从患者的临床观察显示,虽然红斑肢痛症发病时的表现与中医“热痹”类似,但从整个发病过程并结合患者的体质而言,属于本虚标实之证。由于先天不足,肾精亏虚,而致后天生化乏力,气血不足,心神失养;心主血脉,血脉运行需气血充足,今气血不足,运化失常,而致经脉运行不畅,气虚血瘀,郁而化热,而发此病;邪阻经络,进一步耗伤气血,故患者容易疲倦,伴气促和心悸;邪阻经络,心神受扰,故情绪易激动暴躁。治疗当以急则治其标,疏通经络,使气血通畅,通则不痛,兼调补脾肾以治本。腹针疗法通过调节内脏平衡使机体逐渐趋于稳态来治疗全身性疾病,体现了中医“治病必求于本”的辨证施治原则。腹针疗法直接作用于腹部,腹部为五脏六腑所处之处,故有很好地调整脏腑气血阴阳、疏通经络的优势,配合体针及刺络放血,能标本兼治,故取得较为理想的疗效。
比阿培南治疗血液系统疾病感染1090例疗效的多中心回顾性研究

碳青霉烯类抗生素是20世纪70年代发展起来的β内酰胺类新型结构的抗生素,主要通过抑制细菌细胞壁合成达到抑菌目的,并可耐受多种β内酰胺酶的水解,对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、需氧菌和厌氧菌等均具有超强的抗菌作用,并有良好的组织渗透性。比阿培南作为一种新型碳青霉烯类抗生素,2002年在日本获准上市,用于治疗下呼吸道、泌尿道及腹腔等感染,抗菌谱广,效果良好。为观察国产比阿培南在血液肿瘤患者中临床应用的疗效,对全国21家医院应用比阿培南治疗1090例血液病感染患者的情况进行回顾和总结。
移植物抗宿主病小鼠肠道病变与肠系膜淋巴结T细胞活化状况的动态分析

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是目前治愈恶性血液病的有效途径,但移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)仍然是allo-HSCT患者死亡的重要原因。肠道GVHD发生率高、症状重、对患者全身状况影响大,直接关系到患者的预后及生活质量。在GVHD小鼠肠道发生免疫病理损伤时,肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)中T细胞活化、增殖及亚群分化情况及其与肠道病理损伤相关性目前尚未明确。本研究我们利用小鼠异基因骨髓移植(BMT)后的GVHD模型,检测MLN中T细胞活化、分化及功能,分析其对GVHD肠道损伤的指示意义。
IL-21在原发免疫性血小板减少症患者中的表达及其对外周血单个核细胞增殖的影响

国内外多项研究表明T、B淋巴细胞及其分泌的细胞因子均参与原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的发病,其中CD4~+T细胞的作用尤为显著,能分泌多种细胞因子调节免疫作用。近年来的研究表明,多种细胞因子构成的网络结构与ITP的发病及临床进展有关。IL-21是新近发现的γc家族的新成员,属于I类细胞因子,主要由单个核细胞中活化的CD4~+T和NKT细胞分泌。IL-21受体(IL-21R)是异质二聚体,由IL-21R识别亚单位和γc(CD123)信号转导单位组成。IL-21通过与CD4~+T细胞表面的IL-21R结合,激活T细胞膜上的TCR/CD3信号通路发挥生物学作用,影响自身免疫、肿瘤特异性反应和感染,表现出复杂的生物学特性。已有研究表明,ITP患者中IL-21的含量升高,作用机制尚未完全明确。本研究中我们通过检测ITP患者IL-21的含量及IL-21对外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)的作用,进一步探讨ITP的免疫学发病机制。
三氧化二砷诱导T细胞淋巴瘤细胞系Karpas299细胞凋亡机制研究

临床上,三氧化二砷(As_2O_3)已成功应用于治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL),陈赛娟等的研究结果表明,As_20_3对APL细胞有良好的杀伤效应及特异的作用机制。Zhu和Hu等曾先后报道As_20_3可诱导淋巴细胞白血病细胞株凋亡,表明As_2O_3有广谱的抗血液系统恶性肿瘤作用。在前期的研究中我们以T细胞淋巴瘤中某些亚型作为研究对象,检测As_20_3对于细胞的增殖抑制、诱导凋亡作用,筛选到1株对As_2O_3的敏感性接近于APL细胞系NB4的细胞系,即来源于间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)阳性的T细胞淋巴瘤的Kavpas299细胞。我们以Karpas299细胞作为研究对象,以对As_2O_3敏感的NB4细胞和对As_2O_3不敏感的T细胞淋巴瘤细胞系Jurkat作为对照,比较As_2O_3在临床药物浓度范围内诱导凋亡时,调控凋亡相关基因的表达异同,并对As_2O_3诱导Karpas299凋亡的机制作初步探讨。
马凡氏综合征伴脊柱侧凸一家系3例报告

马凡氏综合征(Marfan syndrome,MFS)是一种遗传性结缔组织病,由法国医生Antoine Marfan在1896年首先描述[1]。它是一组因先天性间质组织缺陷导致的临床综合征,临床表现复杂多样,可累及骨骼系统、心血管系统、视觉系统、肺及中枢神经系统等。MFS常合并脊柱畸形,其中以脊柱侧凸最为常见,且偶可累及同一家族中多名成员。目前国内关于MFS伴发脊柱侧凸的家系报道较少,现将我院诊断为MFS伴脊柱侧凸的一家系3例患者报告如下。
脊髓损伤围手术期并发症及其防治

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)患者围手术期可能出现各种并发症,主要包括:呼吸系统并发症、血管并发症、泌尿系统并发症、电解质紊乱和褥疮等[1]。针对脊髓损伤围手术期并发症的预防、护理和治疗对患者手术效果、预后以及生活质量都有着至关重要的影响,笔者就其研究进展综述如下。
High-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions

The reliability-based load and resistance factors design (LRFD) has been widely used in the structural design codes. In almost all of the current reliability methods for the determination of the load and resistance factors, the basic random variables are assumed to have known probability distributions. However, in reality, the probability distributions of some of the basic random variables are often unknown due to the lack of statistical data. In this paper, the high-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions are proposed. From the investigation of the present paper, it can be concluded that: 1) The load and resistance factors can be determined even when the probability distributions of the basic random variables are unknown; 2) The present method is convenient and more effective in estimating the load and resistance factors in practical engineering since it needs neither the iterative computation of derivatives nor any design points; 3) In the applicable range of the high-order moment method, although the load and resistance factors obtained by the proposed method may be different from those obtained by first order reliability method (FORM), the target mean resistances obtained by both methods are essentially the same.
H_∞ control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

A floor isolation system installed in a single floor or room in a fixed base structure is designed to protect equipment. With this configuration, the input motions to the floor isolation from the ground motions are filtered by the structure, leaving the majority of the frequency content of the input motion lower than the predominant frequency of the structure. The floor isolation system should minimize the acceleration to protect equipment; however, displacement must also be limited to save floor space, especially with long period motion. Semi-active control with an H_∞ control was adopted for the floor isolation system and a new input shaping filter was developed to account for the input motion characteristics and enhance the effectiveness of the H_∞ control. A series of shake table tests for a semi-active floor isolation system using rolling pendulum isolators and a magnetic-rheological damper were performed to validate the H_∞ control. Passive control using an oil damper was also tested for comparison. The test results show that the H_∞ control effectively reduced acceleration for short period motions with frequencies close to the predominant frequency of the structure, as well as effectively reduced displacement for long period motions with frequencies close to the natural frequency of the floor isolation system. The H_∞ control algorithm proved to be more advantageous than passive control because of its capacity to adjust control strategies according to the different motion frequency characteristics.
Modeling of semi-rigid beam-to-column steel joints under extreme loading

Joints play an important role in providing ductility for steel-composite structures subject to extreme loading conditions, such as blast, fire and impact. Due to sound energy dissipation capability and fabrication efficiency, semi-rigid joints have increasingly received attention during the last decade. This paper presents a component approach for modeling semi-rigid beam-to-column joints based on Eurocode3, where the post-elastic response, including component strain hardening and ultimate rotational capacity, is also considered. Failure criteria are defined based on the ultimate deformation capacity of components and bolt-rows. The model enables a direct integration of joint response into global frame models with the consideration of axial deformability, such that the interaction between bending moment and axial force within the joints can be realistically captured. In addition, elevated temperature can be considered in the joint model via the degradation of the component response. Through comparisons with available test data, the joint model is shown to have good accuracy, and the failure criteria are found to be reliable yet conservative. The strain hardening response of components is shown to have significant influence on the ultimate bending capacity of the joints, while neglecting it usually leads to a conservative prediction.
Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS case study

River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and economies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consumption. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering requirements of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.
Adiponectin: mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches for restoring diabetic heart sensitivity to ischemic post-conditioning

Systemic inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to a specific organ may cause injuries. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPostC) has emerged as a promising method for myocardial protection against IRI both in experimental and in clinical settings. Enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major mechanisms by which IPostC confers cardioprotection. However, the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC is impaired and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Plasma levels of APN are decreased in obese subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes. APN supplementation has been shown to increase NO production and attenuate myocardial IRI in normal (non-diabetic) animals. However, the effect of APN on myocardial injury in diabetic subjects, especially its potential in restoring the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC has not been investigated. In the current paper, we discussed the possible reasons why the myocardium of diabetic subjects loses sensitivity to IPostC and also highlighted the potential effectiveness and mechanism of APN in restoring IPostC cardioprotection in diabetes. This review proposes to conduct studies that may facilitate the development of novel and optimal therapies to enhance cardioprotection in patients with severe diseases such as diabetes.
Analysis for remedial alternatives of unregulated municipal solid waste landfills leachate-contaminated groundwater

A groundwater flow and solute transport model was developed using Visual Modflow for forecasting contaminant transport and assessing effects of remedial alternatives based on a case study of an unregulated landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater in eastern China. The results showed that arsenic plume was to reach the pumping well in the downstream farmland after eight years, and the longest lateral and longitudinal distance of arsenic plume was to reach 200 m and 260 m, respectively. But the area of high concentration region of arsenic plume was not to obviously increase from eight years to ten years and the plume was to spread to the downstream river and the farmland region after 20 years; while the landfill’s ground was hardened, the plume was not to reach the downstream farmland region after eight years; when the pumping well was installed in the plume downstream and discharge rate was 200m3/d, the plume was to be effectively restrained; for leakage-proof barriers, it might effectively protect the groundwater of sensitive objects within an extent time range. But for the continuous point source, the plume was still to circle the leakage-proof barrier; when discharge rate of drainage ditches was 170.26 m3/d, the plume was effectively controlled; the comprehensive method combining ground-harden with drainage ditches could get the best effect in controlling contaminant diffusion, and the discharge rate was to be reduced to 111.43 m3/d. Therefore, the comprehensive remedial alternative combining ground-harden with drainage ditch will be recommended for preventing groundwater contamination when leachate leakage has happened in unregulated landfills.
Skill-assessments of statistical and Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilative analyses using surface and deep observations in the Gulf of Mexico

A new data assimilation algorithm (Quasi-EnKF) in ocean modeling, based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter scheme, is proposed in this paper. This algorithm assimilates not only surface measurements (sea surface height), but also deep (~2000?m) temperature observations from the Gulf of Mexico into regional ocean models. With the use of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), integrated for approximately two years by assimilating both surface and deep observations, this new algorithm was compared to an existing assimilation algorithm (Mellor-Ezer Scheme) at different resolutions. The results show that, by comparing the observations, the new algorithm out-performs the existing one.
Physical Mechanism of the Impacts of the Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature on the Decadal Change of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation

In this study, physical mechanism of the impacts of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) on decadal change of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) was explored using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). The simulation results indicate that the decadal warming of the SST over the tropical Atlantic after the late 1970s could have significantly enhanced the convection over the region. This enhanced convection would have strengthened the local meridional circulation over the Eastern Atlantic-North Africa-Western Europe region, exciting a meridional teleconnection. This teleconnection might have brought the signal of the tropical Atlantic SST to the Extratropics, consequently activating the variability of the eastern part of the SNAO southern center, which led to an eastward shift of the SNAO southern center around the late 1970s. Such physical processes are highly consistent with the previous observations.
Variability Modes of the Winter Upper-Level Wind Field over Asian Mid- High Latitude Region

In this study, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset was used to analyze the variability modes of the winter upper-level wind field over Asian mid-high latitude region. As shown by the results, the dominant variability modes of the winter upper-level wind field over Asian mid-high latitude region are characterized by the out-of-phase variation in the intensity of the subtropical and temperate jets over East Asia and the meridional shift of the subtropical jet axis, on interannual and multiannual scales, respectively. The first leading variability mode can be used as a good measure to represent the integral variation of atmospheric general circulation in Asian mid- latitude region. Composite analyses suggest that the first leading variability mode of the winter upper-level wind field is intimately related to the atmospheric circulation and temperature anomalies in the northern hemispheric mid-latitude region.
Simulation of the Direct Radiative Effect of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols in a Doubled Carbon Dioxide Climate

The authors examine the equilibrium climatic response to the direct radiative effect (DRE) of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols in a doubled-CO_2 climate with two-way coupling of aerosol-climate interactions. In response to the drier and windier conditions, dust emissions increase by 26% in the Sahara Desert and by 18% on the global scale relative to present day. Sea salt emissions increase in high latitudes (>60°) but decrease in middle latitudes (30°-60°) of both hemispheres due to the poleward shift of westerlies, leading to a 3% decrease in global emissions. The burdens of dust and sea salt increase by 31% and 7% respectively, because reductions in rainfall over the tropical oceans increase the lifetime of particles in the warmer climate. The higher aerosol loading in the doubled-CO_2 climate reinforces aerosol DRE by ?0.2 W m~(?2), leading to an additional cooling of 0.1°C at the surface compared with the climatic effects of aerosols in present day. The additional cooling from changes in natural aerosols compensates for up to 15% of the regional warming induced by doubled CO2.