mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Carbon emission scenarios of China's power sector: Impact of controlling measures and carbon pricing mechanism

The study constructs a low-carbon path analysis model of China's power sector based on TIMES model and presents a comparative analysis of carbon emissions under Reference, Low-Carbon and Enhanced Low-Carbon scenarios,and the main difference of the three scenarios is manifested by policy selection and policy strength. The conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The peak of carbon emission in China's power sector will range from 4.0 GtCO_2 to 4.8 GtCO_2,which implies an increment of 0.5—1.3 billion or 14%—35% from the 2015 levels. (2) Introducing carbon price is an effective way to inhibit coal power and promote non-fossil fuels and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage applications (CCUS). The carbon emission reduction effects will gradually increase with carbon price. When the carbon price attains to CN¥150 t_1CO_2,the CO_2 emission can decrease by 36% than that without carbon price. (3) CCUS is one of important contributing factor to reduce CO_2 emission in power sector. Generally speaking,the development of non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency improvement are two main drivers for carbon mitigation,but once the carbon price reaches up to CN¥106 t~(-1)CO_2, the CCUS will be required to equip with thermal power units and its contribution on carbon emission reduction will remarkably increase. When carbon price increases to CN¥150 t~(-1)CO_2 in 2050,the application of CCUS will account for 44% of total emission reduction. (4) In the scenario with carbon price of CN¥150 t~(-1)CO_2,power sector would be decarbonized significantly, and the CO_2 intensity will be 0.22 kgCO_2 (kW h)~(-1),but power sector is far from the goal that achieving net zero emission. In order to realize the long-term low greenhouse gas emission development goal that proposed by the Paris Agreement, more efforts are needed to be put to further reduce the carbon emission reduction of power sector. Based on the above scenario analysis, the study proposes four recommendations on the low-carbon development of China's power sector: (1) improve the energy efficiency proactively and optimize the energy structure of power sector gradually; (2) promote the low-carbon transition of power sector by using market-based mechanism like carbon emission trading scheme to internalize the external cost of carbon emission; (3) give more emphasis on and support to the CCUS application in power sector.
Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960-2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

Precipitation, a natural feature of weather systems in the Earth, is vitally important for the environment of any region. Under global climate change condition, the characteristics of precipitation have changed as a consequence of enhanced global hydrological cycle. The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR), locating within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is sensitive to the global climate change due to its complex orography and fragile ecosystem. To understand the precipitation characteristics and its impacts on the environment in the region, we studied the characteristics of rainy days and precipitation amount of different precipitation classes, such as light (0-5 and 5-10 mm), moderate (10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 mm) and heavy (≥25 mm) rains by analyzing the precipitation data of typical meteorological stations in the SRYR during the period 1961-2014, as well as the trends of persistent rainfall events and drought events. Results showed that annual average precipitation in this area had a non-significant (P>0.05) increasing trend, and 82.5% of the precipitation occurred from May to September. Rainy days of the 0-5 mm precipitation class significantly decreased, whereas the rainy days of 5-10, 10-15, and 20-25 mm precipitation classes increased and that of ≥25 mm precipitation class decreased insignificantly. The persistent rainfall events of 1-or 2-day and more than 2-day showed an increasing trend, with the 1-or 2-day events being more frequent. Meanwhile, the number of short drought periods (≤10 days) increased while long drought periods (>10 days) decreased. Since the 0-5 mm precipitation class had a huge impact on the grasslands productivity; the 5-10, 10-15, and 20-25 mm precipitation classes had positive effects on vegetation which rely on the deep soil water through moving nutrients and water into the root zone of these vegetation or through the plant-microbe interactions; the ≥25 mm precipitation class contributed to the floods; and more persistent rainfall events and fewer long drought events inferred positive effects on agriculture. Thus, these results indicate grassland degradation, less risk of floods, and the upgrading impact of climate change on agriculture. This study may provide scientific knowledge for policymakers to sustain the eco-environmental resources in the SYSR.
Novel DYW-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein BLX controls mitochondrial RNA editing and splicing essential for early seed development of Arabidopsis

In plants, RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that changes specific cytidine to uridine in both mitochondria and plastids. Most pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in organelle RNA editing by recognizing specific RNA sequences. We here report the functional characterization of a PPR protein from the DYW subclass, Baili Xi (BLX), which contains five PPR motifs and a DYW domain. BLX is essential for early seed development, as plants lacking the BLX gene was embryo lethal and the endosperm failed to initiate cellularization. BLX was highly expressed in the embryo and endosperm, and the BLX protein was specifically localized in mitochondria, which is essential for BLX function.We found that BLX was required for the efficient editing of 36 editing sites in mitochondria. Moreover, BLX was involved in the splicing regulation of the fourth intron of nad1 and the first intron of nad2. The loss of BLX function impaired the mitochondrial function and increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Genetic complementation with truncated variants of BLX revealed that, in addition to the DYW domain, only the fifth PPR motif was essential for BLX function. The upstream sequences of the BLX-targeted editing sites are not conserved, suggesting that BLX serves as a novel and major mitochondrial editing factor (MEF) via a new non-RNA-interacting manner. This finding provides new insights into how a DYW-type PPR protein with fewer PPR motifs regulates RNA editing in plants.
Transgenerational analysis of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by ChIP-Seq links epigenetic inheritance to metabolism

Histone methylation is a kind of important epigenetic modification which occurs on the lysine residue or arginine residue of histone tails (Zhang and Reinberg, 2001). It takes part in multiple biological processes, including gene expression, genomic stability, stem cell maturity, genetic imprinting, mitosis and development (Fischle et al., 2005). Abnormal histone methylation pattern may lead to a series of disorders, such as metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders and cancer (Seligson et al., 2005; Peter and Akbarian, 2011). The transmission pattern of genetic information is extremely consistent with Mendel's law, while the epigenetic transmission pattern between generations remains to be elucidated. An increasing number of studies show that many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and obesity cannot be explained by genetics alone and may be related to epigenetic transmission (Jones and Baylin, 2007; Kaelin and McKnight, 2013; Radford et al., 2014). So it is of great importance to figure out the epigenetic transmission pattern through generations.
Responses of Four Rice Varieties to Elevated CO_2 and Different Salinity Levels

This study was carried out in 2014 at Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, to evaluate the responses of four rice varieties(Neda, Deylamani, Shiroudi and Domsorkh) to ambient(360 ± 50 μmol/mol) and elevated(700 ± 50 μmol/mol) air carbon dioxide(CO_2) concentrations under four salinity levels(0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol/L NaCl). There was significant variation among rice varieties in response to elevated CO_2 concentration under the four salinity levels. Under non-saline condition, elevated CO_2 increased the dry weight of Neda, Deylamani and Domsorkh by 8%, 50% and 8%, respectively, but reversely decreased that of Shiroudi by 34%. Increasing CO_2 concentration significantly reduced the negative effects of salinity on Shiroudi, but these effects were even increased in Deylamani and Domsorkh under all the salinity levels and in Neda only under 30 and 60 mmol/L NaCl. Significant correlations were established between plant dry weight, SPAD value and leaf area under both CO_2 levels. However, this trend was observed only at ambient CO_2 concentration in the presence of soluble carbohydrates. The results revealed the genotype and salinity dependence of the effects of CO_2 concentrations on the rice traits investigated.
A Novel and Pleiotropic Factor SLENDER GRAIN3 Is Involved in Regulating Grain Size in Rice

Grain size is frequently selected during domestication and breeding. It influences the preferences of consumers, thus affecting the commercial value of rice. In present study, a mutant named as SLENDER GRAIN3(sg3) was identified from cultivar Zhenong 41(Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) with ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS) treatment. Histological analysis showed that the slender grain of sg3 mutant resulted from increased cell division longitudinally and decreased cell division horizontally. Compared with the wild type Zhenong 41, starch granules in sg3 mutant were more closely packed, thus decreasing the chalkiness. Moreover, grain yield per plant in sg3 mutant was improved by 14%. By map-based cloning, SG3 was located on the long arm of chromosome 3 with a physical distance of 82 kb, and a 9-bp deletion in the 5'-UTR of LOC_Os03g27110 was identified, which upregulated the expression level significantly. Moreover, a molecular marker for SG3 was developed to identify the grain size during the early generation breeding in rice. The novel factor SG3 regulated the grain size mainly through changing the cell division and the endosperm formation in rice.
超声诊断新生儿幽门窦息肉伴十二指肠套叠1例

讨论新生儿幽门息肉极罕见,合并十二指肠套叠及梗阻更加罕见。胃错构瘤性息肉少见,约占所有胃息肉的1%。错构瘤息肉分为多种类型(如增生性息肉、幼年性息肉、黑斑息肉等),其共同病理特点为固有组织的紊乱生长,息肉形态学特征与其病理类型密切相关,因此诊断主要依靠内镜或手术切除结合病理诊断。本例患者系新生儿,肿块较大,位于幽门窦,几乎覆盖整个幽门口,同时因为牵拉作用,导致十二指肠近端套叠,患儿出生后数天即出现剧烈呕吐症状,病程短,变化快。新生儿胃幽门部狭小,行胃镜检查困难,以超声检查为首诊,超声可清晰显示息肉覆盖幽门口致梗阻及十二指肠套叠部位、范围。超声检查具有安全无创、可重复性强及检出率高等优势,能够简便快速诊断,对新生儿胃息肉诊断有重要价值。
Thermal Modeling and Management of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating with Internally Reformed Methane

A detailed three-dimensional mechanistic model of a large-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit running on partially pre-reformed methane is developed.The model considers the coupling effects of chemical and electrochemical reactions,mass transport,momentum and heat transfer in the SOFC unit.After model validation,parametric simulations are conducted to investigate how the methane pre-reforming ratio affects the transport and electrochemistry of the SOFC unit.It is found that the methane steam reforming reaction has a “smoothing effect”,which can achieve more uniform distributions of gas compositions,current density and temperature among the cell plane.In the case of 1500 W/m~2 power density output,adding 20% methane absorbs 50% of internal heat production inside the cell,reduces the maximum temperature difference inside the cell from 70 K to 22 K and reduces the cathode air supply by 75%,compared to the condition of completely pre-reforming of methane.Under specific operating conditions,the pre-reforming ratio of methane has an optimal range for obtaining a good temperature distribution and good cell performance.
胎儿肠扭转伴梗阻1例

讨论先天性空、回肠闭锁约占出生婴儿的1/3 000~1/5 000,其病因尚不明确,目前多认为是胎儿期肠扭转、肠套叠等继发因素造成肠管局部血循环中断所致,本病证实以上论述。肠扭转常发生在孕7~12周中肠从脐孔处回缩到腹腔再旋转270°期间,导致局部肠过度旋转后引起肠管闭锁,局部血供障碍、坏死。本病例肠管扩张的声像图表现,虽疑有小肠闭锁,但对闭锁的确切部位、闭锁类型、导致闭锁的原因及有无粘连等不能判定。
中国造血干细胞移植特色发展之路

造血干细胞移植是临床医学发展的新兴领域,仅有约半世纪的发展历史,但近10年来该移植技术发展已遍布全球,成为根治恶性血液肿瘤、骨髓衰竭性疾病及其他难治性疾病的有效方法.中国同基因和自体造血干细胞移植与国际同步,但发展相对缓慢.异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)在中国的临床应用晚于国际上发达国家,开始于20世纪80年代初.在最近10余年,中国allo-HSCT在解决了供者来源缺乏问题后得到了突飞猛进的发展,在人类白细胞抗原(HLA)半相合造血干细胞移植领域引领了国际移植发展的潮流,成为国内外最重要的HLA半相合移植方式之一.回顾中国30余年allo-HSCT发展的历史,可以分为起步阶段、发展阶段和引领阶段.
Fully Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(propylene carbonate) Shape Memory Materials with Low Recovery Temperature Based on in situ Compatibilization by Dicumyl Peroxide

Fully biodegradable blends with low shape memory recovery temperature were obtained based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). By virtue of their similar chemical structures, in situ cross-linking reaction initiated by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) between PLA and PPC chains was realized in PLA/PPC blends. Therefore, the compatibility between PLA and PPC was increased, which obviously changed the phase structures and increased the elongation at break of the blends. The compatibilized blends had a recovery performance at 45 °C. Combining the changes of phase structures, the mechanism of the shape memory was discussed. It was demonstrated that in situ compatibilization by dicumyl peroxide was effective to obtain eco-friendly PLA/PPC blends with good mechanical and shape memory properties.
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Crystalline Morphologies of Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) Copolymers

In this study, the isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystalline morphology of poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBAC), which refers to a copolyester containing a non-planar ring structure, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy, and compared with those of neat poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBC). The results indicate that the introduction of butylene adipate (BA) unit into PBAC did not change the intrinsical crystallization mechanism. But, the crystallization rate and ability, and equilibrium melting temperature of PBAC copolymers were reduced. All PBC and PBAC copolymers could only form high density of nucleation from melt at given supercooling, while no Maltese cross or ring-banded spherulites could be observed. PBAC copolymers with a high amount of BA unit became amorphous after quenching with liquid nitrogen from melt, while PBC and PBAC copolymers with a low amount of BA unit could still form a large amount of nuclei under the same treatment.
Sustainable green technology on wastewater treatment: The evaluation of enhanced single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell

This study demonstrated the potential of single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) in wastewater treatment and power generation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and enhance the performance under different operational conditions which affect the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and power generation, including the increase of KCl concentration (MFC1) and COD concentration (MFC2). The results showed that the increase of KCl concentration is an important factor in up-flow membrane-less MFC to enhance the ease of electron transfer from anode to cathode. The increase of COD concentration in MFC2 could led to the drop of voltage output due to the prompt of biofilm growth in MFC2 cathode which could increase the internal resistance. It also showed that the COD concentration is a vital issue in up-flow membrane-less MFC. Despite the COD reduction was up to 96%, the power output remained constrained.
Effect of Trichoderma viride biofertilizer on ammonia volatilization from an alkaline soil in Northern China

Ammonia (NH_3) volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen (N) loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficiency for chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment using an alkaline soil from Tianjin (pH 8.37–8.43) to evaluate the suppression effect of Trichoderma viride (T. viride) biofertilizer on NH_3 volatilization, and compared the differences in microbial community structure among all samples. The results showed that viable T. viride biofertilizer (T) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 42.21% compared with conventional fertilizer ((CK), urea), while nonviable T. viride biofertilizer (TS) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 32.42%. NH_3 volatilization was significantly higher in CK and sweet potato starch wastewater (SPSW) treatments during the peak period. T. viride biofertilizer also improved the transfer of ammonium from soil to sweet sorghum. Plant dry weights increased 91.23% and 61.08% for T and TS, respectively, compared to CK. Moreover, T. viride biofertilizer enhanced nitrification by increasing the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbial community structure and composition were significantly changed by the application of T. viride biofertilizer. This study demonstrated the immense potential of T. viride biofertilizer in reducing NH_3 volatilization from alkaline soil and simultaneously improving the utilization of fertilizer N by sweet sorghum.
Photocatalytic properties of P25-doped TiO_2 composite film synthesized via sol–gel method on cement substrate

TiO_2 films have received increasing attention for the removal of organic pollutants via photocatalysis. To develop a simple and effective method for improving the photodegradation efficiency of pollutants in surface water, we herein examined the preparation of a P25-TiO_2 composite film on a cement substrate via a sol–gel method. In this case, Rhodamine B (RhB) was employed as the target organic pollutant. The self-generated TiO_2 film and the P25-TiO_2 composite film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N_2 adsorption/desorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photodegradation efficiencies of the two films were studied by RhB removal in water under UV (ultraviolet) irradiation. Over 4 day exposure, the P25-TiO_2 composite film exhibited higher photocatalytic performance than the self-generated TiO_2 film. The photodegradation rate indicated that the efficiency of the P25-TiO_2 composite film was enhanced by the addition of the rutile phase Degussa P25 powder. As such, cooperation between the anatase TiO_2 and rutile P25 nanoparticles was beneficial for separation of the photo-induced electrons and holes. In addition, the influence of P25 doping on the P25-TiO_2 composite films was evaluated. We found that up to a certain saturation point, increased doping enhanced the photodegradation ability of the composite film. Thus, we herein demonstrated that the doping of P25 powders is a simple but effective strategy to prepare a P25-TiO_2 composite film on a cement substrate, and the resulting film exhibits excellent removal efficiency in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) between heavily polluted days and other days in Zhengzhou, China

PM_(2.5) samples were collected in Zhengzhou during 3 years of observation, and chemical characteristics and source contribution were analyzed. Approximately 96% of the daily PM_(2.5) concentrations and annual average values exceeded the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Daily and Annual Standards, indicating serious PM_(2.5) pollution. The average concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions was 2.4 times higher in heavily polluted days (daily PM_(2.5) concentrations > 250 μg/m~3 and visibility <3 km) than that in other days, with sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium as major ions. According to the ratio of NO_3~– /SO_4~(2–), stationary sources are still the dominant source of PM_(2.5) and vehicle emission could not be ignored. The ratio of secondary organic carbon to organic carbon indicated that photochemical reactivity in heavily polluted days was more intense than in other days. Crustal elements were the most abundant elements, accounting for more than 60% of 23 elements. Chemical Mass Balance results indicated that the contributions of major sources (i.e., nitrate, sulfate, biomass, carbon and refractory material, coal combustion, soil dust, vehicle, and industry) of PM_(2.5) were 13%, 16%, 12%, 2%, 14%, 8%, 7%, and 8% in heavily polluted days and 20%, 18%, 9%, 2%, 27%, 14%, 15%, and 9% in other days, respectively. Extensive combustion activities were the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the episode (Jan 1–9, 2015) and the total benzo[a]pyrene equivalency concentrations in heavily polluted days present significant health threat. Because of the effect of regional transport, the pollution level of PM_(2.5) in the study area was aggravated.
Arsenate biotransformation by Microcystis aeruginosa under different nitrogen and phosphorus levels

The arsenate (As(V)) biotransformation by Microcystis aeruginosa in a medium with different concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) has been studied under laboratory conditions. When 15 μg/L As(V) was added, N and P in the medium showed effective regulation on arsenic (As) metabolism in M. aeruginosa, resulting in significant differences in the algal growth among differentN and P treatments. Under 0.2 mg/L P treatment, increases in N concentration (4–20 mg/L) significantly stimulated the cell growth and therefore indirectly enhanced the production of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), the main As metabolite, accounting for 71%–79% of the total As in the medium. Meanwhile, 10–20 mg/L N treatments accelerated the ability of As metabolization by M. aeruginosa, leading to higher contents of DMA per cell. However, As(V) uptake byM. aeruginosawas significantly impeded by 0.5–1.0 mg/L P treatment, resulting in smaller rates of As transformation in M. aeruginosa as well as lower contents of As metabolites in the medium. Our data demonstrated that As(V) transformation by M. aeruginosa was significantly accelerated by increasing N levels, while it was inhibited by increasing P levels. Overall, both P and N play key roles in As(V) biotransformation processes.
胃底髓外浆细胞瘤一例

EMP是对放疗高度敏感性的肿瘤,适量的放疗能使局部控制率达到80% ~ 100%。发生在头颈部的EMP一般首选放疗,发生在其他部位的EMP如条件可行应行手术完全切除,若切缘阳性或肿瘤浸润难以完全切除则进行术后辅助放疗。相对于其他淋巴细胞增殖性疾病来说EMP预后较好,患者10年总生存率为70%。文献报道经过外科手术和放疗后,EMP患者的中位生存期为7~9年。EMP治疗失败主要有3种结局:进展为多发性骨髓瘤、局部复发或发生新的骨骼病变。大约有10%的患者会进展为多发性骨髓瘤,因此对于患者的密切随访极其重要,应警惕多发性骨髓瘤相关CRAB表现的发生。原发肿瘤直径>5 cm和发生淋巴结转移患者的预后更差。本例患者年龄较大,肿瘤大小为6 cm×5 cm×4 cm,存在预后不良的因素,但考虑到手术切缘阴性,患者身体状况差、全身合并症多,因此并未进行术后放疗,短期随访未发现复发或进展为多发性骨髓瘤。
足背动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手部皮肤缺损

目的探讨应用改良足背皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损的临床效果及疗效.方法自2015年5月至2017年6月采用改良足背皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损患者11例,皮肤受区伴有骨、肌腱外露,应用植皮不能覆盖创面,皮肤缺损面积约10 cm×8 cm.皮瓣内轴心血管为足背动脉穿支及伴行静脉,感觉神经为足背内侧皮神经,供区应用全厚皮片移植覆盖.结果术后11例皮瓣及植皮全部存活,随访时间4~12个月,平均8个月.皮瓣颜色红润,质地好,外形不臃肿,足部供区植皮愈合良好,无功能丧失.结论改良足背皮瓣弥补了传统足背皮瓣的缺点,能够解决创面覆盖的基本功能问题,也为皮瓣的外形及美观带来了质的提高.
子宫内膜异位症恶变的临床风险分析

子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是常见的妇科良性疾病之一,育龄期女性的发病率为3%~15%,绝经后女性的发病率为2%~5%.内异症为良性病变,但具有恶性肿瘤的生物学特性,如浸润、转移、复发等,少数患者可发生恶变.内异症恶变约80%发生在卵巢型内异症,有学者将其称为内异症相关性卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌).近年的研究表明,内异症相关性卵巢癌在流行病学方面与内异症密切相关,且较非内异症相关性卵巢癌表现出更趋向良性的生物学特性,如期别更早、生存预后更好.对内异症高危人群的识别有助于积极预防干预恶变的发生,以及对内异症相关性卵巢癌的早期诊断.本文从流行病学及临床角度对内异症恶变的风险因素及早期诊断的最新进展进行综述.