mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
胃癌组织中G-CSF和G-CSFR的表达及意义

目的分析胃癌组织中粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulo-cyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)及其受体(G-CSF receptor, G-CSFR)的表达水平,探讨二者表达与胃癌浸润和淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测167例胃癌组织中G-CSF和G-CSFR蛋白的表达,分析G-CSF和G-CS-FR表达与胃癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果胃癌组织中G-CSF和G-CSFR的阳性率分别为58.7% 、83.2%。G-CSF和G-CSFR的表达与肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移数量有关,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。其中局部浸润深度为T4的胃癌组中G-CSF(P = 0.010)和G-CSFR(P= 0.023)表达水平显著高于浸润深度为T2的胃癌组。在淋巴结转移数量为N3的胃癌组中G-CSF表达水平显著高于淋巴结转移数量为N1胃癌组(P=0.010),同时G-CSFR的表达水平显著高于N0 (P = 0.029)和N1(P = 0.044)胃癌组。不同TNM分期胃癌组织中G-CSF表达水平差异无显著性(P = 0.051), Ⅲ期胃癌组中G-CSFR的表达水平显著高于Ⅱ期胃癌组(P = 0.001)。结论G-CSF和G-CSFR广泛表达于胃癌组织,在肿瘤浸润深或淋巴结转移数量多的胃癌组织中其表达水平更高,提示G-CSF和G-CSFR表达可能促进肿瘤的生长和转移。
左前上纵隔海绵状血管瘤突出胸腔生长1例

纵隔海绵状血管瘤属良性血管瘤,治疗首选手术完整切除。术前肿瘤CT平扫及增强有重要辅助诊断及治疗指导意义,本例肿瘤上段与左侧神经根和静脉角邻近,术中分离肿瘤较为困难,术后患者出现乳糜漏,经保守治疗后痊愈。
Ionothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Threedimensional Anionic Zinc-5-sulfoisophthalate Framework Charge-balanced with the l-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

The ionothermal reaction of Zn(NO_3)2?6H_2O with 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH_2SIP) and 1,2,4-triazole in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) ionic liquid has afforded the compound {(EMIM)[Zn(SIP)]}n (1). The Zn(II) ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of SIP~(3-) ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure featuring the centrosymmetric dinuclear Zn_2(μ2-COO)_2 units. The adjacent two-dimensional layers are further linked by the Zn-O bonds between the Zn(II) ions and the sulfonate O atoms to generate a three-dimensional anionic [Zn(SIP)]_n~(n-) framework featuring one-dimensional open channels propagating along the a axis. The imidazolium cations [EMIM]~+ derived from ionic liquid act as extraframework charge-balancing species for the anionic [Zn(SIP)]_n~(n-) framework and occupy the void space of the one-dimensional open channels. The rich ionic environments of the ionic liquid may be particularly helpful in the formation of the ionic compound 1. The roles of the ionic liquid in ionothermal synthesis and crystallization of the compound are briefly discussed. Furthermore, compound 1 displays a photoluminescent emission at 490 nm upon excitation at 406 nm.
Non-covalent Bonded 3D Supramolecular Architectures Based on Acid-base Adducts

Two novel acid-base adducts, [H_2L_1~(2+)](Hpbda)_2 (1,L1 = 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-4-yl) benzene, H_2pbda = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [H_2L_2~(2+)](NO_3)_2 (2,L2 = 1,4-di(l-carboxymethyl-imidazol-4-yl)benzene), have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_1/n with a = 5.3525(11),b = 9.1471(19),c = 19.314(4) A,β= 92.342(3)°, V= 944.8(3) A~3,Z = 2,C_(16)H_(16)N_6O_(10), M_r = 452.35, D_c = 1.590 g/cm~3, μ = 0.135 mm~(-1), S = 1.058,F(000) = 468,the final R = 0.0661 and wR=0.1 887 for 2298 observed reflections (I ? 2σ(I)). Compound 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 9.6923(10), b = 17.2950(17), c = 7.1880(7) A, β = 94.801(2)°, V=1200.7(2) A~3,Z = 2, C_(28)H_(22)N_4O_8,M_r = 542.50,D_c = 1.501 g/cm~3, μ = 0.112 mm~(-1), S =1.060,F(000) = 564,the final R = 0.0394 and wR = 0.1017 for 2768 observed reflections (I ?2σ(I)). In the title compounds, both of L_1 and L_2 ligands act as weak base to accept protons to exhibit diprotonated H_2L_1~(2+) and H_2L_2~(2+) form, which can effectively employ as hydrogen bonding donors to combine anion moieties to form binary adducts respectively. In the crystal packing diagram of two polymers, there exist extensive noncovalent interactions including charge-transfer interactions, C(N)-H…π and N-H···O,C-H…O,O-H…O hydrogen bonding interactions between co-crystal moieties which consolidate the structures of supramolecular polymers, thus generating three-dimensional (3D) frameworks.
水土流失地理国情监测关键技术研究

开展水土流失遥感监测,对水土流失情况及其防治效果进行动态监测和评估,是预防监督和治理工作的基础和前提,对保护生态环境具有重要意义。本文在地理国情监测框架下,利用多源多时相多分辨率异构数据,综合利用各类地理国情监测技术方法,研究形成了一套准工程化的水土流失分布提取及统计分析方法,并成功应用于某县级研究区;同时将高分辨率彩色航片、各类基础测绘等数据应用于水土流失变化驱动力分析,取得了显著成效。随着未来地理国情监测常态化工作的开展,地表覆盖、高精度地形地貌数据等地理国情监测成果也将为水土流失监测提供更直接、更丰富的数据支撑,进一步提高监测效率和精度。
IMU/GPS辅助航空摄影测量技术方法应用研究——以贵阳市航空摄影测量项目为例

通过贵阳市航空摄影测量项目的实施,形成了一套有效可行的IMU/GPS辅助航空摄影测量技术方法。介绍了项目所采用的检校场的布设方法、IMU/GPS辅助光束法区域网像控布点方法,以及IMU/GPS辅助空中三角测量技术,分析了IMU/GPS辅助空中三角测量和DEM/DOM成果精度,论述了该项目所形成的IMU/GPS辅助航空摄影测量技术方法的适用范围和局限性。
七参数坐标转换中一种削弱高程误差影响的新方法

在较大区域中,利用七参数法实现二维坐标至三维坐标转换时,高程精度影响坐标转换精度。本文提出了一种新方法,可解决七参数坐标转换中高程精度影响平面坐标精度的问题。该方法在无高程情况下,对4°×8°的大区域可实现1 cm左右的转换精度。同时,通过真实测量数据和模拟数据阐明了新方法的可行性和适用范围。
表现为肝占位的小儿von Hippel-Lindau病一例

美国国家癌症研究所将VHL分为三种类型:I型包括视网膜和中枢神经系统成血管母细胞瘤、肾囊肿、肾脏肿瘤和胰腺囊肿,但无嗜铬细胞瘤;Ⅱ型包括视网膜和中枢神经系统成血管母细胞瘤,且另有嗜铬细胞瘤和胰岛细胞瘤,既无胰腺囊肿亦无肾囊肿或癌;Ⅲ型包括视网膜和中枢神经系统成血管母细胞瘤、嗜铬细胞瘤、胰腺和肾脏疾病。本例未表现出视网膜异常,提示该病可不累及视网膜。研究显示VHL病致病基因位于第三号染色体短臂3p25-26上。正常状态下VHL基因是肿瘤抑制基因,当缺失或突变导致不能合成正常的VHL蛋白时,可致肿瘤的多中心发生。本例未行基因检测,对此我们认为鉴于VHL病的临床表现多样化,有必要进行基因检测和染色体分析,特别是对于不典型病例的基因检测更有利于加深对该病的认识。
面神经炎治疗方案的合理选择及影响因素分析

面神经炎是茎乳孔内面神经非特异性炎症所致周围性面瘫,属常见病。本病任何年龄均可发病,起病急,发展迅速,治疗时间相对较长。笔者对2000年1月至2013年12月到我院就诊的面神经炎患者临床资料进行回顾性总结,分析其治疗方法的选择和切入时机,并对其影响疗效的因素进行探讨。
2015年度地球科学部基金项目会议评审工作报告

2015年国家自然科学基金委员会(以下简称基金委)共受理面上项目73 025项,比2014年增加13 855项,增加约23.42%,其中地球科学部受理5 792项,比2014年增加1 406项,增加约32.06%,占基金委7.93%;申请经费48.19亿元。基金委共受理青年科学基金项目65 725项,较2014年增加了709项,增长1.09%;其中地球科学部受理5 419项,较2014年增加了82项,增长1.54%,占基金委8.24%;申请经费12.79亿元。基金委共受理地区科学基金项目13 192项,较2014年增加了162项,增长1.24%,其中地球科学部受理747项,较2014年减少了48项,减少6.04%,占基金委5.66%;申请经费3.47亿元。
心脏骤停后应用目标性体温管理的加拿大联合指南

目标性体温管理(targeted temperature management,TTM)以前称为治疗性低温、保护性低温(在中国通常称为亚低温治疗),2002年以来已经成为心脏骤停复苏后治疗的重要内容。加拿大急诊医师协会在2006年发布了相应的指南,2015年联合加拿大危重病医学会、神经重症学会、危重病研究协作组联合更新了指南。目的是为临床医师提供基于询证医学的专家建议,这是在综合已有研究的结果、加拿大的价值观、加拿大的卫生体系及应用TTM的临床情形基础上形成。具体内容如下。
颅内肿瘤放射治疗形成颅内动脉瘤三例报告

颅内肿瘤有很多类型,相应的治疗方法也有很多种,其中放射治疗是一种重要的治疗方法。随着对放射治疗颅内肿瘤的研究逐步深入,许多研究者发现放射治疗会造成多种放射性损伤。这些放射性损伤主要体现在对神经组织及脑血管系统的损害,其中对脑血管系统的损害分为缺血性损害及出血性损害。在出血性损害中,与放射治疗相关的颅内动脉瘤是一种罕见的现象,国内外鲜见相关报道。本文回顾天津市环湖医院神经外科收治的3例因颅内肿瘤放射治疗形成颅内动脉瘤的患者,并对其临床资料及影像学特点进行分析。
Tandem Catalysis of One Metallocene Catalyst Combined with Two Different Cocatalysts for Preparing Branched Polyethylene

Tandem catalytic systems, consisting of ethylene bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride with two different cocatalysts, alkylaluminum (diethylaluminium chloride or trialkylaluminum) and methylaluminoxane, were employed in preparing branched polyethylene from ethylene as sole monomer. The catalytic system rac-Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2/AlEt_2Cl/MAO exhibited high incorporation (29.0/1000C). The oligomerization and copolymerization reaction conditions in the tandem catalytic system, as well as the different cocatalysts, have effects on the catalytic activity and the properties of the obtained polymer, such as melting temperature, crystallinity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Moreover, the oligomerization reaction condition is the main factor in altering the properties and structures of polyethylene.
Isolation and characterization of bioactive fungi from shark Carcharodon carcharias' gill with biopharmaceutical prospects

Until recently, little was known about the fungi found in shark gills and their biomedicinal potential. In this article, we described the isolation, bioactivity, diversity, and secondary metabolites of bioactive fungi from the gill of a shark (Carcharodon carcharias). A total of 115 isolates were obtained and grown in 12 culture media. Fifty-eight of these isolates demonstrated significant activity in four antimicrobial, pesticidal, and cytotoxic bioassay models. Four randomly selected bioactive isolates inhibited human cancer cell proliferation during re-screening. These active isolates were segregated into 6 genera using the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit (ITS-LSU) rDNA-sequence BLAST comparison. Four genera, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Chaetomium were the dominant taxa. A phylogenic tree illustrated their intergenera and intragenera genetic diversity. HPLC-DAD-HRMS analysis and subsequent database searching revealed that nine representative strains produced diverse bioactive compound profiles. These results detail the broad range of bioactive fungi found in a shark's gills, revealing their biopharmaceutical potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing shark gill fungi and their bioactivity.
Reproductive ecology of the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) in a coastal area of Southern Brazil

The predictability of certain environmental factors that affect the life cycle of the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was evaluated in a study of its reproductive biology in an area adjacent to Babitonga Bay, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Monthly sampling was conducted from July 2010 through June 2011 at depths of 5, 8,11,14, and 17 m. 76 004 individuals were obtained, with a pronounced peak in absolute abundance in austral autumn (34 208),coinciding with the annual closed season from March to May. Grain size composition of the sediment showed the closest relationship to the distribution of individuals (multiple linear regression,P<0.05), related to their burying habit. The observed correlations between the abundance of reproductive males (bearing spermatophores) and females with spent gonads (cross-correlation, P<0.05), and between reproductive males and reproductive females (with a 1-month lag) suggest that the peak of reproductive males preceded the peak of female ones. This result agrees with the pattern expected for females, which copulate in post-ecdysis (spent gonads). Spawning seemed to take place at greater depths, as evidenced by the concentration of reproductive females in these areas. The reproductive activities observed here confirm that this species follows a tropical/subtropical reproductive pattern, spawning continuously throughout the year, with the highest peaks in spring and autumn. The data indicate that the juvenile recruitment period observed in August-September resulted from the reproductive output noted in April-May. Additionally, the reproductive period recorded in November led to the juvenile peak observed in March-May.
Status of two Coreius species in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Dam construction alters natural flow regimes which, in turn, cause significant changes in fish communities during and after impoundment. The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir, from impoundment of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China, may have affected native fish species. Thus, the status of two lotic freshwater fish species, Coreius heterodon and C. guichenoti, were monitored in the Three Gorges Reservoir, including fish abundance, individual composition, growth, condition, and mortality. Data on both species were gathered from upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the reservoir and, where available, from studies published before and after dam construction. Lower abundance, slower growth, a less diversified age structure, poorer fish condition (indicated by hepatosomatic index) and higher mortalities were recorded in sites nearest the dam compared with upstream areas. Furthermore, after final impoundment, individual Coreius species inhabiting the area changed, with young individuals becoming more abundant, while upstream of the reservoir the two Coreius species became smaller at a given age. The results show that the status of the two Coreius species was subject to dramatic changes after impoundment.
尿毒清颗粒对早中期糖尿病肾病患者炎症因子影响的临床研究

目的: 探讨尿毒清颗粒对早中期糖尿病肾病患者炎症因子的影响。方法: 选择2013年5月~ 2015年5月在我院接受治的48例早中期糖尿病肾病患者,按照随机数字法分为实验组和对照组,每组各24例。对照组采取常规的治疗方法,实验组则在对照组的基础上服用尿毒清颗粒治疗,比较两组患者的治疗前后肾功能、血糖、炎症因子指标及临床疗效。结果: 实验组与对照治疗前各项相关生化指标比较差异无统计学意义; 经过相应的治疗后实验组尿蛋白、Scr、BUN、FBG、PBG、TG、THC均优于对照组。实验组与对照治疗前炎性因子比较差异无统计学意义; 经相应的治疗后实验组IL-1β、IL-18、CRP、TNF-α 显著优于对照组。经相应的治疗后实验组总有效率为91.67%,显著优于对照组。结论: 尿毒清颗粒能够较好的改善早中期糖尿病肾病患者炎症因子水平,减缓肾小球硬化进程,提高患者的生活质量。
The stoichiometric approach in determining total evaporative water loss and the relationship between evaporative and non-evaporative heat loss in two resting bird species: passerine and non-passerine

Background: Evaporation is of significant ecological interest. Evaporation from an animal always results in a decrease in the temperature of the surface from which the evaporation occurs. Therefore, evaporation is a one-way transfer which causes heat loss from the organism. Biological evaporation always involves the loss of water which is a vital resource for nearly all biochemical processes. Evaporation is loss of heat via loss of body mass. Methods: The simultaneous determination of energy expenditure and loss of body mass in resting birds allows us to estimate evaporative heat loss. This method includes direct measurements of the energetic equivalent of the loss of body mass as the ratio between heat production, determined by the rate of oxygen consumption and the loss of body mass at various ambient temperatures. Results: The data indicate that evaporation was minimal at lower critical temperature and that the rate of evaporation increased at lower or higher temperatures. Obtained results indicate that passerine and non-passerine species have the ability to change their non-evaporative heat conductance the same number of times (approximately fourfold), and that their abilities in this respect are similar. Conclusions: The novelty of the study resides in the stoichiometric approach to determination of total evaporative water loss. The analysis shows that determinations by stoichiometric approach of total evaporative water loss yielded the values, which fit into the confidence intervals of all equations from literatures. The basal metabolic rate and nonevaporative thermal conductance are fundamental parameters of energetics and determine the level of physiological organization of an endothermic animal.
《地学浅释》增设子目录的方法及来源

《地学浅释》是由华蘅芳和玛高温翻译的一部重要地质学著作,1871年由江南制造局刊行。通过与其底本———英国地质学家赖尔所著的《地质学纲要》(Elements of Geology,1865)的对比研究,发现译者在参考底本的关键词(短语)及相关的内容之后,增设了子目录; 进而选取有代表性的第8、14、28卷进行剖析,探讨了增设子目录的方法及其合理性,从而梳理了其翻译的过程。
Rapid increase in numbers and change of land-use in two expanding Columbidae species (Columba palumbus and Streptopelia decaocto) in Algeria

Background: Investigating population ecology of urban bird species, particularly the invasive and expending species, is the key for the success of urban management and planning strategies. Methods: Populations of two Columbidae species, the Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) and the Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), were monitored from 1992 to 2010 in the Algiers Sahel, the Mitidja Plain and surrounding areas (Northern Algeria). Monitoring of species densities was performed by the mapping?plot method. The foraging flight routes of Woodpigeon and the distribution of Eurasian Collared Dove were assessed by systematic observations. Results: The number of counted birds was statistically constant at first years of the survey, and then increased significantly, beginning from low numbers, their densities accelerated sharply between 2001 and 2006, then reached to an equilibrium state. The significant increase in Woodpigeon’s population could be explained by the reduced hunting pressure and by species adaptation to new food resources provided by nearby agriculture. Indeed, monitoring of flight directions of the species revealed the use of agricultural landscapes and habitats, which is a good indicator explaining adaptation and trophic niche of the species. The occurrence of the Eurasian Collared Dove in Algiers began in 2000. Its density experienced a rapid increase with similar trend pattern as that of Woodpigeon. Its distributional range is confined mainly in suburban environments of the Mitidja Plain. Conclusion: The modifications of habitats, urbanization increase and the lessening of hunting in the Mitidja Plain facilitated the rapid expansion of the Eurasian Collared Dove and Woodpigeon as well contributed to the increase in their numbers over time.
Gender identification using acoustic analysis in birds without external sexual dimorphism

Zoo and wildlife management faces a problem with bird sexing, as many bird taxa have indiscernible gender differences in size and coloration. Problematic groups are geese, cranes, rails, raptors, owls, parrots, doves, auks, shearwaters and some passerines. Commonly accepted invasive sexing techniques based on genetics, laparoscopy, morphometric and on cloacal inspection, are all needed in bird capturing and handling. Capturing and subsequent manipulations may be inapplicable for free-ranging birds, whereas distant voice-based sexing is relevant for many species. This review evaluates the potential for noninvasive sexing by separate calls or duet calls, for adult birds of 69 species from 16 orders and for chicks of 11 species from 7 orders. For adult birds of 25 species, a single call per individual was sufficient for 100 % reliable sexing by ear or using spectrographic analysis. For chicks, the potential for voice-based sexing seems to be very limited. For birds calling rarely or unpredictably, we propose a simple way of provoking vocalization using playbacks of species-specific calls that are available from sound libraries. We conclude that sexing by voice may represent a feasible alternative to the classical sexing techniques, both in the wild and in captivity.
基于DEA和Malmquist指数的我国省域卫生资源配置效率评价

目的通过对2008 - 2012年我国31个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据和横截面数据的收集,对我国省域卫生资源配置效率进行静态和动态两方面的评价并提出相关建议。方法采用文献研究法和数据包络分析法中的CCRBCC模型和Malmquist指数模型。结果2012年31个省市中的平均综合效率值为0.980,总体有效省市20个,非总体有效省市11个,分别占被评价省市的64.5%和35.5%。2008 - 2012年我国各省区医疗资源配置效率的全要素生产率年均提高了10.0%,总体处于上升趋势。结论非总体有效的11个省市为提高卫生资源配置效率需要加大政府投入力度,优化卫生投入规模,改善医疗管理水平。而进一步提升我国各省、市卫生资源配置的全要素生产率,应在重视技术进步与创新的同时,也应高度重视组织管理水平的提升。
毒理学硕士研究生科研创新与实践能力培养浅析

毒理学是研究环境因子(主要是外源性化学物,也包括物理因素或生物因素)对生物体和生态系统的损害效应及其作用机制,以及预防、救治或改善措施的综合性学科。在我国毒理学是一门古老的学科,早在炎帝时代就有“神农尝百草,一日而遇七十毒”的记载。现代毒理学在我国已有半个世纪的发展历史了。自上个世纪50年代起,我国先后建立了工业毒理学、环境毒理学、食品毒理学等分支学科,在教学、科研等基础理论研究方面奠定了我国现代毒理学的根基。在学科设置方面,“卫生毒理学”是在预防医学一级学科下的二级学科。从90年代中期至今是我国毒理学的快速发展期,为了满足日益增长的社会发展和人们健康事业的需求,应用毒理学的技术和理论应运而生。近年来我国环境污染日益加剧、生态平衡遭到破坏、人们健康和生命安全受到威胁,加之新型纳米材料、转基因生物制品等新型外源物质在人们日常生活中的应用逐渐增加、环境空气中PM_(2.5)污染造成雾霾天气的频繁出现、食品中各种非法添加成分等引发的食品安全问题的不断曝光,都引起公众和社会对人群健康相关因素的风险评估和风险管理提出更多更高的需求。目前,现代毒理学作为维护环境友好与生态平衡、保障人们生命安全与健康生活的重要支柱学科,积极致力于识别、评估和管理控制这些环境化学物对人类及生态环境的潜在风险,在学科内部多个领域进行研究攻关,尤其在维护环境安全、促进职业安全、保障食品安全、保障药品安全、研究纳米等新材料安全性等方面毒理学科已经取得了显著的成效,其科研成果在政府相关部门制定标准、法规和法律方面正在发挥着日益重要的作用。
(Q) SAR方法在毒性预测中的应用和进展

定量结构活性关系(QSAR)模型是研究化学物的分子结构特性与对人类健康和生态系统生物效应的定量相关性。结构-活性关系(SAR)是研究化学物分子结构与有/无生物活性的定性关系(即关联)。通常使用(Q)SAR表达这两种情况。当对性质建模时,即定量结构- 性质关系,用QSPR表示。
帕金森病基因治疗研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一种以脑内多巴胺能神经元进行性丢失和路易小体形成为特征的神经退行性疾病,主要表现为运动迟缓、肌强直、震颤、姿势步态异常等运动障碍,亦常伴有嗅觉减退、睡眠障碍等多种非运动症状。目前临床上主要以药物治疗、康复训练、脑深部电刺激等对症治疗为主,尚没有控制疾病发展的有效手段。基因治疗技术通过将目的基因导入相关脑区影响特异性蛋白质表达,有可能延缓多巴胺能神经元的丢失或纠正神经递质失衡。近期有多项临床研究尝试通过立体定向手术导入靶基因,从保护多巴胺能神经元、提高多巴胺递质、拮抗抑制性神经递质等不同角度治疗PD。本文就相关研究进展进行综述。
Stereotactic radiation therapy in the era of precision medicine for cancer

Unlike conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is an emerging tumor-ablative radiation technology with a high-dose delivery to targets while dramatically sparing adjacent normal tissues. The strengths of SRT involve noninvasive and short-course treatment, high rates of tumor local control with a low risk of side effects. Although the scientific concepts of radiobiology fail to be totally understood currently, SRT has shown its potential and advantages against various tumors, especially for those adjacent to less tolerable normal organs (spinal cord, optic nerve, bowels, etc.). Nowadays, the clinical efficacy of SRT has been widely confirmed in certain patients, especially for those medically inoperable, unwilling to undergo surgery, medicine ineffective with tumor progression. Moreover, SRT could be properly used as palliative treatment aiming at relieving local symptoms and pain, and eventually achieving a potential survival benefit of several months. However, the weaknesses of SRT relate to inevitable radiation-induced toxicities as well as the inaccessibility of prophylactic irradiation. In general, one flaw cannot obscure the splendor of the jade. The emergence and development of SRT has opened the new era of precision radiation therapy, and SRT will probably step gloriously onto the remarkable stage for precision medicine.
肝静脉压力梯度测定联合经颈静脉肝活组织检查确诊肝血管肉瘤一例

肝活检是诊断肝血管肉瘤的金标准,但肝血管肉瘤患者往往存在大量腹水,同时血小板减少、凝血功能障碍,使经皮肝活检出现腹腔内出血的风险大大增加,甚至发生肝破裂等严重并发症。经颈静脉肝活检则不经过腹腔,可使腹腔内出血的风险显著降低,可用于合并大量腹水或严重凝血功能障碍而需要肝活检的患者。本研究组长期临床实践表明,对于凝血功能障碍、腹腔积液等行经皮经肝穿刺活检有高风险的患者,改行经颈静脉穿刺活检安全可行,该技术除了可以进行肝活检,对于大量腹腔积液患者,还可以进行肝静脉和下腔静脉造影并测压以排除有无流出道梗阻,如有梗阻可直接进行治疗。另外还可以进行肝静脉游离压和肝静脉楔压的测定,间接测量门静脉压力,以判断是否存在门静脉高压,为诊断提供依据。本例患者正是通过肝静脉压力梯度测定并行经颈内静脉肝活检,逐步明确诊断,且无操作相关并发症的出现。本研究组曾用类似的方法成功诊断1例不典型肝小静脉闭塞病。本病例提示,对怀疑肝源性腹水,病因不明确的患者,利用测量HVPG和经颈静脉肝活检技术可以安全、可靠、迅速地做出诊断。
柱状球嚢扩张术与乳头括约肌切开术治疗胆管结石的疗效

随着内镜技术的不断发展,内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)下行内镜括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST)成为胆总管结石治疗的常用方法。对于直径较大的结石,常需行碎石术。近年认为,采用EST后行内镜下十二指肠乳头大球囊扩张术(endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation, EPLBD),在处理较大结石或多发结石时,可以无需行机械碎石。目前,EPLBD仍没有明确的操作指南,对其适应证、安全性和长期预后仍不完全明确。本研究回顾分析EPLBD治疗胆总管结石疗效,评价其取石的有效性、安全性和长期预后。
Slight shading after anthesis increases photosynthetic productivity and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the delaying of leaf senescence

The solar radiation intensity and duration are continuously decreasing in the major wheat planting area of China. As a consequence, leaf senescence, photosynthesis, grain filling and thus wheat yield shall be affected by light deficiency. Therefore, two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Tainong 18 (a large-spike cultivar) and Ji'nan 17 (a multiple-spike cultivar), were subjected to shading during anthesis and maturity under field condition in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Under the slight shading treatment (S1, 88% of full sunshine), leaf senescence was delayed, net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and canopy apparent photosynthesis rate (CAP) were improved, and thus thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield were higher as compared with the control. However, mid and severe shading (S2 and S3, 67 and 35% of full sunshine, respectively) led to negative effects on these traits substantially. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in flag leaf were significantly greater under slight shading than those in other treatments, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was less than that under other treatments. In addition, the multiple-spike cultivar is more tolerant to shading than large-spike cultivar. In conclusion, slight shading after anthesis delayed leaf senescence, enhanced photosynthesis and grain filling, and thus resulted in higher grain yield.
Semi-industrial experimental study on bauxite separation using a cell-column integration process

The cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) is a highly efficient mineral processing equipment. In this study, a cell-column (FCSMC) integration process was investigated for the separation of bauxite and its feasibility was analyzed on a theoretical basis. The properties of low-grade bauxite ore from Henan Province, China were analyzed. Parameters such as reagent dosage, scraping bubble time, and pressure of the circulating pump during the sorting process were investigated and optimized to improve the flotation efficiency. On the basis of these parameters, continuous separation experiments were conducted. Bauxite concentrate with an aluminum-to-silicon (A/S) mass ratio of 6.37 and a 77.63wt% recovery rate were achieved via a flow sheet consisting of "fast flotation using a flotation cell, one roughing flotation and one cleaning flotation using flotation columns". Compared with the full-flotation-cells process, the cell-column integration process resulted in an increase of the A/S ratio by 0.41 and the recovery rate by 17.58wt%. Cell-column integration separation technology represents a new approach for the separation of middle-to-low-grade bauxite ore.