mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Current sensor based on an atomic magnetometer for DC application

A DC current sensor based on an optically pumped atomic magnetometer is proposed. It has a high linearity in a wide operation range, since the magnetometer measures the absolute magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The current sensor exhibits a high accuracy with a non-moment solenoid and magnetic shielding to suppress the influence from the environment. The absolute error of the measured current is below 0.08 mA when the range is from 7.5 mA to 750 mA. The relative error is 5.54 × 10~(–5) at 750 mA.
Tunable fiber-tip lens based on thermo-optic effect of amorphous silicon

We theoretically demonstrate a compact all-dielectric metasurface fiber-tip lens composed of sub-wavelength amorphous silicon on the end face of a multimode fiber. The full 2π phase control was realized by varying the widths of resonant units. The tunable focal length is achieved by using the thermal-optic effect of amorphous silicon. The focal length increases from 309 μm to 407 μm when the temperature changes by 300 K. The temperature controlled all-fiber integrated lens is compact and with high efficiency and provides an excellent platform of a fiber-tip lab. Meanwhile, the proposed fiber lens does not have any structural changes during dynamic tuning, which improves the durability and repeatability of the devices.
Survival improvement and prognostic factors in recent management of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A single-center study

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma was considered as a dismal disease with very poor prognosis until recently. Cholangiocarcinoma is increasingly found due to increased life expectancy. Although surgical and medical management were advanced recently, data on the prognosis, especially extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), were limited. This study aimed to identify clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with ECC. Methods: Patients followed up and diagnosed with ECC between January 2014 and December 2016 at a tertiary hospital were included, whereas those with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampullary cancer were excluded. Results: A total of 83 patients were followed after the treatment (49 men and 34 women; median age 73.3 years). Cancer location was classified as distal common bile duct (25 patients), proximal common bile duct (24 patients), common hepatic duct (20 patients), and hilar (14 patients). About 14.5% of patients had history of another malignant neoplasm, and 24.1% patients had chronic illness. Surgical resection was performed in 54 patients (65%) and dysplasia was combined in 63% (34/54). Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 54% (29/54), but only 7 underwent palliative chemotherapy in 29 nonsurgical patients. The median overall survival in all patients was 30.9 months. In analyzing the treatment modality, median survival of adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery only, palliative chemotherapy, and supportive care groups were 42.9, 30.9, 12.0, and 8.9 months, respectively (P < 0.05). In the Cox regression analysis of survival, age, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and comorbidity were significant prognostic factors, and the comorbidity was the only significant prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.32–5.95; P = 0.007). In a subgroup analysis of surgical patients, the presence of dysplasia was a favorable prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.91; P = 0.033). Conclusions: The overall survival of patients with ECC was quite high and increased with chemotherapy. Absence of comorbidity, and presence of dysplasia were good prognostic factors.
Temporal evolution of atmospheric cascade glow discharge with pulsed discharge and radio frequency discharge

Atmospheric cascade discharges with pulsed discharge and radio frequency (RF) discharge were experimentally investigated by the temporal evolution of discharge spatial profile and intensity. The indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass was employed as the transparent electrode to capture the discharge distribution above the electrode surface. It is demonstrated that in the pulsed discharge with dielectric barrier, the first discharge at the rising edge of pulse voltage is uniformly ignited and then forms an expanding plasma ring on the ITO electrode surface, which shrinks to the same diameter as that of bare stainless steel electrode with the generation of second discharge at the falling edge of pulse voltage. The discharge profiles along the electrode surface and discharge gap of the successive RF discharge are dependent on the intensity and spatial distribution of residual plasma species generated by the pulsed discharge, which is determined by the time interval between the pulsed discharge and RF discharge. It is demonstrated that the residual plasma species before the RF discharge ignition help to achieve the stable operation of RF discharge with elevated intensity.
Trap distribution of polymeric materials and its effect on surface flashover in vacuum

The surface trap parameter can significantly affect the development of surface flashover in vacuum, but the effective mode and mechanism are not very clear yet. The trap parameters of three polymeric materials were tested and calculated by means of isothermal surface potential decay. The flashover experiment was developed under different applied voltages. The results show a positive correlation between the withstand voltage and the deep trap, i.e., the deeper trap energy level is, the higher flashover voltage is. The dynamics process of charge trapping and detrapping was analyzed based on the charge transport model in dielectrics with a single trap level and two discrete trap levels. The time of charge trapping was compared with that of the discharge development. The results show that the charge trapping time is longer than the flashover development time. The way to influence flashover for a trap is not to decrease the secondary electrons in single discharge development, but to change the electric field distribution on the dielectric surface by charge capture.
皮肤局部外用制剂的研发要求和体内外一致性的评价

局部起效的皮肤外用制剂用途广泛,剂型多样。此类制剂辅料成分复杂,处方组成和制备工艺参数的微小差异就有可能导致产品不同的质量特性,从而影响药物的安全性和有效性。本文汇总了中国、美国、欧盟和日本的相关技术法规要求,介绍了体外一致性评价的指标和评价手段,并探讨了体内一致性评价的决策树和等效标准,力求为相关产品的研发质量提升提供参考。
国内草原生态补偿研究进展

草原生态补偿是我国建设生态文明的必由之路。伴随着草原生态补偿奖励政策于2011年的实施,学术界就草原生态补偿展开了多视角、系统性和定量化的研究。基于文献研究法,文章在草原生态补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿标准、补偿方式、保障机制、牧民意愿及满意度以及补偿效应等方面对当前研究成果进行了系统梳理与总结,揭示了目前政策实施所存在的政策机制与激励机制不相容、补偿资金来源单一、补偿标准偏低、补偿形式单一、社会保障配套制度缺乏、监管缺失和法律机制不完善等问题;最后,对后续研究的重要领域进行展望:进一步加强多学科理论支撑体系研究,研究方法的规范统一,研究视域的拓展以及政策实施绩效评估等,以确保政策高效可持续实施。
The Study of the Behaviors of Zinc and Strontium in Caries-Affected Teeth by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)Technique

We report on the application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)technique to the study of Ca,P,Zn and Sr evolutions for adult caries-affected teeth using nanosecond laser pulses.The aim of this work is to better understand the behaviors of Zn and Sr as trace-elements in the caries eruption with respect to the behaviors of one of the main compounds of the hydroxyapatite crystal which is the calcium.The study was focused on the investigation of these elements’evolutions from three parts of the enamel surfaces of twenty two adult caries-affected teeth;the healthy part,the dental plaque part and the caries-affected part. The decrease rates of Zn,Sr and P was,also,compared to the Ca one.Comparison concerned normalized emission line intensities.For every species,normalization was done relatively to the emission line intensities of the healthy part.Results showed that abundances of these elements decrease similarly from the healthy parts to the affected-caries parts.The higher decrease rate was noticed for the calcium.The evolutions of Zn and Sr for the three parts of the teeth surfaces cannot inform about the substitution of the calcium by these trace-elements, however the comparison of their decrease rates to the calcium one can be considered as a valuable index of this substitution.
Specific Relationship between the Surface Air Temperature and the Area of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya,Antarctica

Antarctic polynyas play an important role in regional atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions and are considered to help generate the global deep ocean conveyer belt.Polynyas therefore have a potential impact on the Earth's climate in terms of the production of sea ice and high-salinity shelf water.In this study,we investigated the relationship between the area of the Terra Nova Bay polynya and the air temperature as well as the eastward and northward wind based on the ERA5 and ERAInterim reanalysis datasets and observations from automatic weather stations during the polar night.We examined the correlation between each factor and the polynya area under different temperature conditions.Previous studies have focused more on the effect of winds on the polynya,but the relationship between air temperature and the polynya area has not been fully investigated.Our study shows,eliminating the influence of winds,lower air temperature has a stronger positive correlation with the polynya area.The results show that the relationship between the polynya area and air temperature is more likely to be interactively influenced.As temperature drops,the relationship of the polynya area with air temperature becomes closer with increasing correlation coefficients.In the low temperature conditions,the correlation coefficients of the polynya area with air temperature are above 0.5,larger than that with the wind speed.
Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed,Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data

This study investigates the recent near-surface temperature trends over the Antarctic Peninsula.We make use of available surface observations,ECMWF's ERA5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim,as well as numerical simulations,allowing us to contrast different data sources.We use hindcast simulations performed with Polar-WRF over the Antarctic Peninsula on a nested domain configuration at 45 km (PWRF-45)and 15 km (PWRF-15)spatial resolutions for the period 1991-2015.In addition,we include hindcast simulations of KNMI-RACMO21P obtained from the CORDEX-Antarctica domain (~50 km)for further comparisons.Results show that there is a marked windward warming trend except during summer.This windward warming trend is particularly notable in the autumn season and likely to be associated with the recent deepening of the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea low and warm advection towards the Antarctic Peninsula.On the other hand,an overall summer cooling is characterized by the strengthening of the Weddell Sea low as well as an anticyclonic trend over the Amundsen Sea accompanied by northward winds.The persistent cooling trend observed at the Larsen Ice Shelf station is not captured by ERA-Interim,whereas hindcast simulations indicate that there is a clear pattern of windward warming and leeward cooling.Furthermore,larger temporal correlations and lower differences exhibited by PWRF-15 illustrate the existence of the added value in the higher spatial resolution simulation.
Preface to the Special Issue on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate: Past,Present and Future

The Antarctic,including the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean,is a critically important part of the Earth system.Research in Antarctic meteorology and climate has always been a challenging endeavor.Studying and predicting weather patterns in the Antarctic are important for understanding their role in local-to-global processes and facilitating field studies and logistical operations in the Antarctic (e.g.,Walsh et al.,2018).Studies of climate change in the Antarctic are comparatively neglected compared to those of the Arctic.However,significant climate changes have occurred in the Antarctic in the past several decades,i.e.,a strong warming over the Antarctic Peninsula even with a recent minor cooling,a deepening of the Amundsen Sea low,a rapid warming of the upper ocean north of the circumpolar current,an increase of Antarctic sea ice since the late 1970s followed by a recent rapid decrease,and an accelerated ice loss from the Antarctic ice shelf/sheet since the late 1970s (e.g.,Turner et al.,2005; Raphael et al.,2016; Sallee,2018; Parkinson,2019; Rignot et al.,2019).Investigating recent climate change in the Antarctic and the underlying mechanisms are important for predicting future climate change and providing information to policymakers.
A Note on Randomly Weighted Sums of Dependent Subexponential Random Variables

The author obtains that the asymptotic relations hold as x → ∞, where the random weights θ_1,···, θ_n are bounded away both from 0 and from ∞ with no dependency assumptions, independent of the primary random variables X_1,···,X_n which have a certain kind of dependence structure and follow non-identically subexponential distributions. In particular, the asymptotic relations remain true when X_1,···,X_n jointly follow a pairwise Sarmanov distribution.
High-performance chromite by structure stabilization treatment

Chromite is an important raw material applied in refractories. Efforts have been made to obtain high-performance chromite by adding MgO and Al_2O_3 from the viewpoint of structure optimization. In order to explore the effect of Al_2O_3 and MgO on the structure, two formulas, i.e., Mg-rich and Al-rich ones, were selected. The phase and microstructure development of samples heated in the temperature range of 1200-1600 ℃ were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry. MgO and Al_2O_3 added have diffused into chromite successfully by heat treatment. MgO diffuses into chromite, occupying the tetrahedral vacancies caused by the diffusion and oxidation of Fe~(2+) ions to stabilize the structure. Al_2O_3 diffuses into the surface layer of chromite, forming spinel-sesquioxide structure. Al-rich sample which has spinel-sesquioxide structure shows better corrosion resistance toward fayalite slag than Mg-rich sample which has single spinel structure by blocking the interdiffusion between Fe~(2+) ions in fayalite slag and Mg~(2+) ions in chromite.
Warm deformation behavior and work-softening mechanism of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy

Warm deformation behavior of the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy was studied by isothermal compression in the temperature range of 300-700 °C. The results show that the influence of the ordered phases on the flow stress gradually weakens with increasing deformation temperature. The flow stress of the furnace-cooled sample with the high degree of order at 300 °C is higher than that of the quenched sample with the low degree of order,and the flow stresses of both samples are nearly the same at 500-700 °C. The hardness difference between two samples deformed at 500 °C gradually decreases with increasing strain,accompanying with a reduction in hardness of the furnace-cooled sample,which indicates a work-softening behavior. The analyses of dislocation configurations and ordered structure suggest that the dynamic recovery and deformation-induced disorder result in the work-softening behavior. An appropriate deformation temperature window for improving the formability of the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy is about 500-600 °C.
Mechanical properties and failure modes of stratified backfill under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading

Multiple filling of gobs will lead to a layered structure of the backfill.To explore the influence of layering structure on the mechanical properties and failure modes of backfill,different backfill specimens were prepared with a cement/sand ratio of 1:4,a slurry concentration of 75%,and backfilling times of 1,2,3 and 4,separately.Triaxial cyclic loading and unloading experiments were carried out.The results show that with an increase in backfilling time,the peak strength of backfill decreases as a polynomial function and the peak strain increases as an exponential function.The cyclic load enhances the linear characteristic of backfill deformation.The loading and unloading deformation moduli have a linear negative correlation with the backfilling time.The unloading deformation modulus is always slightly higher than the loading deformation modulus.The failure modes of stratified backfill are mainly characterized by conjugate shear failure at the upper layer and tensile failure across the layer plane,and there is usually no damage in the lower layer away from the loading area.
Insight into the structural evolution of porous and fractured media by forced aeration during heap leaching

Despite lots of techniques in improving the heap leaching performance,many constraints on the industrial applications remain.We proposed a correspondingly effective and new idea of introducing forced aeration to improve the bad permeability and leaching effect of Yangla Copper Mine (YCM)during heap leaching.The dual-media theory was employed to study the impact mechanism of forced aeration on the variations of porous and fractured media during the column leaching experiments.An X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT)set was utilized to perform the pore imaging of the specimens and the fracture morphology of the particles within the columns was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)as aeration rate (AR)changed.The results show that there exists copious fine particles within the heap of YCM,the particle size distribution of which is not reasonable.The forced aeration can not only promote the development of the porous and fractured structures but effectively break the blocked seepage paths.Then the leaching degree is improved and the seepage performance of the solute within the solution is enhanced.Therefore,the forced aeration is probable of making the leaching performance greatly improved.
Construction of high-pressure adsorption isotherm: A tool for predicting coalbed methane recovery from Jharia coalfield,India

Adsorption isotherm relates the gas storage capacity as a function of pressure at constant temperature.In this paper,adsorption isotherm of two dry borehole samples was constructed in the laboratory using the manometric method.Isotherm was measured for two gases,i.e.,CH_4 and CO_2 to pressure up to 8.4 MPa.Before the construction of sorption isotherm,coal was characterized by proximate,ultimate and petrographic analysis.Coalbed gas content of these two samples was found 2.29 m~3/t and 2.75 m~3/t.SEM images were obtained for the pore size distribution of coal using pore image analysis.Prediction of coalbed methane recovery from CH_4 adsorption isotherm showed that these coalbeds are under saturated.CO_2 isotherm was constructed to estimate enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM)recovery.Volume wise CO_2/CH_4 sorption ratio was found 2.09 times to 2.75 times respectively.This paper presents the interpretation of isotherm data to find the recovery factor of methane production from Jharia coalfield.
A field study of a roof bolter canopy air curtain (2nd generation)for respirable coal mine dust control

A 2nd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain (CAC)design was tested by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)at a Midwestern underground coal mine.During the study,the roof bolter never operated downwind of the continuous miner.Using a combination of personal Data Rams (pDR)and gravimetric samplers,the dust control efficiency of the roof bolter CAC was ascertained.Performance evaluation was determined using three methods: (1)comparing roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC to roof bolter concentrations outside the CAC,(2)comparing roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC to the concentrations at the rear of the bolter,and finally,(3)using the gravimetric data directly underneath the CAC to correct roof bolter operator concentrations underneath the CAC and comparing them to the concentrations at the rear of the bolter.Method 1 dust control efficiencies ranged from -53.9% to 60.4%.Method 2 efficiencies ranged from -150.5% to 52.2%,and Method 3 efficiencies ranged from 40.7% to 91%.Reasons for negative and low dust control efficiencies are provided in this paper and include: incorrect sampling locations,large distance between CAC and operator,and contamination of intake air from line curtain.Low dust concentrations encountered during the testing made it difficult to discern whether differences in concentrations were due to the CAC or due to variances inherent in experimental dust measurement.However,the analyses,especially the Method 3 analysis,show that the CAC can be an effective dust control device.
Rock joint coefficients and their computerized classification

A computerized method for determining rock joint coefficients is presented.Two relative similarity indicators are introduced to classify surface morphology of rock joints.The classification enables to compare investigated and database rock joints.Such a comparison aims at finding the couple of surfaces that are distinguished by the highest dynamical conformity.The first absolute indicator results from the Fourier matrix and evaluates wavy shapes of surfaces.The second absolute indicator quantifies the heights of surface reliefs and is defined as the root mean square height of the surface outline.Numerical reliability of these indicators is tested within the surface analysis of a series of limestone specimens.Besides the computerized assessment,25 people have performed visual assessment of these limestone specimens.The results of visual assessments have been statistically processed and compared to the results received from the computerized procedure.The newly introduced absolute indicators have proved to be prospective numerical tools for evaluating joint rock coefficients.
Experimental salt cavern in offshore ultra-deep water and well design evaluation for CO_2 abatement

This paper presents a proposal for an experimental salt cavern in offshore ultra-deep water for CO_2 abatement,including the instrumentation plan and well conceptual design evaluated for carbon capture and storage (CCS)application.These studies are based on applied computational mechanics associated with field experimentation that has contributed to the technical feasibility of the underground potash mine at the State of Sergipe in Brazil.This knowhow allowed the stability analysis of several salt caverns for brine production at the State of Alagoas in Brazil and to the drilling through stratified thick layers of salt of the pre-salt reservoirs in Santos Basin.Now,this knowledge has been applied in the design of onshore and offshore salt caverns opened by dissolution for storage of natural gas and CO_2.The geomechanical study,through the application of computational mechanics,of offshore giant salt caverns of 450 m high by 150 m in diameter,shows that one cavern can store about 4 billion Sm~3 or 7.2 million tons of CO_2.Before the construction of the giant cavern,which will be the first gas storage offshore in the world,it has been decided to develop an experimental one,with smaller size,to obtained field parameters.The experimental cavern will allow the calibration of parameters to be used in the structural integrity analysis of the cavern and well for storage of natural gas which is rich in CO_2 under high pressure.
MDSCs: friend or foe in systemic lupus erythematosus

Meyoid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous myeloid cell populations that expand in pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmunity, and infection; these cells are also known to exert strong immunosuppressive effects on primitive Tcell responses.1 MDSCs are derived from myeloid progenitors and are arrested at an immature phase of differentiation. In mice, normal bone marrow contains ~20–30% cells exhibiting the MDSC phenotype.2 In contrast, a very low number of MDSCs are found in naive spleens (2–4%), and these cells are completely absent in lymph nodes.