mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
疾控事业高质量发展下信息技术交叉学科人才培养路径探索与实践

在疾控事业高质量发展的大背景下,培养与疾控高质量发展相适应的信息技术与公共卫生等交叉学科人才的必要性和迫切性日益凸显。作为一门新兴学科,交叉学科正得到大学院校、科研机构、专业机构的关注。交叉学科融合成为国内外知名高校的共识、是复合型人才培养的需要。以上海市疾控机构信息技术交叉学科人才培养为例,发现在“信息技术+X”交叉学科人才培养中存在交叉学科人才培养体系尚未形成,缺乏交叉学科培养相应的机制、体制的扶持等问题及其具体表现。针对这些问题,从岗位转型、构建学科融合实践平台、建立“内培+外引”专家队伍,形成交叉学科培养评价机制等方面探索具体措施,提出疾控高质量发展下信息技术交叉学科人才培养的路径,为加强疾控人才队伍建设提供实践经验,拓展培养路径。
NhaA通过维持细菌包膜的完整性和逃避补体攻击增强ExPEC的毒力

肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)是一种在肠外组织中定植的细菌,主要包括禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)、致新生儿脑膜炎大肠杆菌(NMEC)和尿道致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC)。由于其高致病性、高致死率和潜在的人兽共患性,ExPEC导致人类和动物多种宿主严重感染,每年给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失,同时对人类健康造成严重威胁。然而,目前尚无能够全面防控ExPEC感染的有效疫苗。因此,深入研究ExPEC影响其毒力的关键因子和相关机制,将为未来开发有效疫苗提供重要的科学参考。
Prediction of seawater pH by bidirectional gated recurrent neural network with attention under phase space reconstruction: case study of the coastal waters of Beihai, China

Marine life is very sensitive to changes in pH. Even slight changes can cause ecosystems to collapse. Therefore, understanding the future pH of seawater is of great significance for the protection of the marine environment. At present, the monitoring method of seawater pH has been matured. However, how to accurately predict future changes has been lacking effective solutions. Based on this, the model of bidirectional gated recurrent neural network with multi-headed self-attention based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise combined with phase space reconstruction (ICPBGA) is proposed to achieve seawater pH prediction. To verify the validity of this model, pH data of two monitoring sites in the coastal sea area of Beihai, China are selected to verify the effect. At the same time, the ICPBGA model is compared with other excellent models for predicting chaotic time series, and root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) are used as performance evaluation indicators. The R2 of the ICPBGA model at Sites 1 and 2 are above 0.9, and the prediction errors are also the smallest. The results show that the ICPBGA model has a wide range of applicability and the most satisfactory prediction effect. The prediction method in this paper can be further expanded and used to predict other marine environmental indicators.
A graphene-enhanced high-barrier and fast-curing film for deep in situ condition preserved coring in coal seams

Scientific research on deep in situ resources is highly important to the theory and technology system construction for deep in-situ resource exploitation. To obtain high-condition preserved core samples, it is vital to maintain the original material, humidity and luminous flux information inside the core. Therefore, this study proposes a research and development strategy for a high-toughness and highbarrier sealing film based on the molecular structure design and filler synergistic enhancement via a deep solid-state sealing film using in situ substance preservation (ISP), in situ moisture preservation (IMP) and in situ light preservation (ILP) coring principles. A graphene/epoxy composite sealing film with a high barrier, high strength and high toughness was developed. The oxygen permeability of the film was 0.23 cm~3/(m~2·d), the water vapor permeability was 1.26 g/(m~2·d), and the light transmittance was 0. The tensile strength reached 15.4 MPa, and the toughness was 5242.9 kJ/m~3. The results from the film substance and moisture preservation performance verification experiments showed that the sealing film had an excellent sealing effect on small molecules, such as water, alkanes and even ions, which further verified that the sealing film greatly contributed to the maintenance and preservation of deep in-situ resource reserves and abundance.
Potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO_2 for aqueous multivalent ion batteries

Manganese dioxide (MnO_2), as a cathode material for multivalent ion (such as Mg~(2+) and Al~(3+)) storage, is investigated due to its high initial capacity. However, during multivalent ion insertion/extraction, the crystal structure of MnO_2 partially collapses, leading to fast capacity decay in few charge/discharge cycles. Here, through pre-intercalating potassium-ion (K~+) into δ-MnO_2, we synthesize a potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO_2, K0.21MnO_2 ·0.31H_2O (KMO), as a reliable cathode material for multivalent ion batteries. The as-prepared KMO exhibits a high reversible capacity of 185 mAh/g at 1 A/g, with considerable rate performance and improved cycling stability in 1 mol/L MgSO_4 electrolyte. In addition, we observe that aluminum-ion (Al~(3+)) can also insert into a KMO cathode. This work provides a valid method for modification of manganesebased oxides for aqueous multivalent ion batteries.
An all-silicon design of a high-efficiency broadband transmissive terahertz polarization convertor

Polarization, a fundamental behavior of electromagnetic waves, holds immense potential across diverse domains such as environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and ocean exploration. However, achieving efficient modulation of terahertz waves with wide operational bandwidth poses significant challenges. Here, we introduce an all-silicon polarization converter designed specifically to operate in the terahertz range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate that the average conversion efficiency of cross-linear waves exceeds 80% across a wide frequency range spanning from 1.00 to 2.32 THz, with the highest conversion efficiency peaking at an impressive 99.97%. Additionally, our proposed structure facilitates linear-to-circular polarization conversion with an ellipticity of 1 at 0.85 THz. Furthermore, by rotating the crossshaped microstructure, active control over arbitrary polarization states can be achieved. To summarize, the proposed structure offers remarkable flexibility and ease of integration, providing a reliable and practical solution for achieving broadband and efficient polarization conversion of terahertz waves.
Low-noise fluorescent detection of cardiac troponin I in human serum based on surface acoustic wave separation

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a life-threatening disease when sudden blockage of coronary artery occurs. As the most specific biomarker, cardiac troponin I (cTnl) is usually checked separately to diagnose or eliminate AMI, and achieving the accurate detection of cTnl is of great significance to patients' life and health. Compared with other methods, fluorescent detection has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and wide applicability. However, due to the strong fluorescence interference of biological molecules in body fluids, it is often difficult to obtain high sensitivity. In order to solve this problem, in this study, surface acoustic wave separation is designed to purify the target to achieve more sensitive detection performance of fluorescent detection. Specifically, the interference of background noise is almost completely removed on a microfluidic chip by isolating microbeads through acoustic radiation force, on which the biomarkers are captured by the immobilized detection probe. And then, the concentration of cTnl in human serum is detected by the fluorescence intensity change of the isolated functionalized beads. By this way, the detection limit of our biosensor calculated by 3σ/K method is 44 pg/mL and 0.34 ng/mL in PBS buffer and human serum respectively. Finally, the reliability of this method has been validated by comparison with clinical tests from the nephelometric analyzer in hospital.
Microbial responses towards biochar application in potentially toxic element (PTE) contaminated soil:a critical review on effects and potential mechanisms

Soil harbors a huge diversity of microorganisms and serves as the ecological and social foundation of human civilization.Hence,soil health management is of utmost and consistent importance,aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.One of the most hazardous contaminants in soil matrix is potentially toxic elements (PTEs),which can cause stress in soil indigenous microorganisms and severely jeopardize soil health.Biochar technology has emerged as a promising means to alleviate PTE toxicity and benefit soil health management.Current literature has broadly integrated knowledge about the potential consequences of biochar-amended soil but has focused more on the physical and chemical responses of the soil system than microbiological attributes.In consideration of the indispensable roles of soil microbials,this paper first introduces PTE-induced stresses on soil microbials and then proposes the mechanisms of biochar's effects on soil microbials.Finally,microbial responses including variations in abundance,interspecific relationships,community composition and biological functions in biochar-amended soil are critically reviewed.This review thus aims to provide a comprehensive scientific view on the effect of biochar on soil microbiological health and its management.
Improving bifunctional catalytic activity of biochar via in-situ growth of nickel-iron hydroxide as cathodic catalyst for zinc-air batteries

Expanding the application scenarios of wood-derived biochar guided by the conversion of traditional energy to new energy shows great promise as a field.As thrilling energy conversion apparatus,zinc-air batteries (ZABs) require cathode catalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and stability.Herein,two-dimensional nickel-iron hydroxide nanosheets were creatively assembled in N-doped wood-derived biochar (NiFe-LDH@NC) by an in-situ growth method.The categorized porous organization in wood-derived biochar facilitates the rapid seepage of electrolytes and rapid diffusion of reaction gases.The unique interfacial structure of biochar and NiFe-LDH accelerates electron transfer during oxygen electrocatalysis,and endows NiFe-LDH@NC with first-class catalytic activity and durability for ORR and OER.The ZAB derived from NiFe-LDH@NC showed elevated discharge productivity and cycle endurance,making it promising for viable applications.This work provided a convenient way for the conversion of wood-derived biochar to high-value added electrocatalysts.
Fate of organophosphate esters from the Northwestern Pacific to the Southern Ocean:Occurrence,distribution,and fugacity model simulation

Eleven organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the air and seawater were investigated from the northwestern Pacific Ocean to the Southern Ocean during the 2018 Chinese 34th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.The concentration of total OPEs ranged from 164.82 to 3501.79 pg/m~3 in air and from 4.54 to 70.09 ng/L in seawater.Two halogenated OPEs,tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP),were generally more abundant than the non-halogenated OPEs.A level III fugacity model was developed to simulate the transfer and fate of seven OPEs in the air and seawater regions of the central Ross Sea.The model results indicate that OPEs are transferred from the air to the seawater in the central Ross Sea in summer,during which the Ross Sea acts as a final OPE sink.Dry and wet deposition dominated the processes involving OPE transfer to seawater.The OPE degradation process was also found to be more pervasive in the atmosphere than in the seawater region.These findings highlights the importance of long-range transport of OPEs and their air-seawater interface behavior in the Antarctic.
Introducing the Hong Kong Medical Journal and its important role in the timely dissemination of COVID-19 related knowledge

Hong Kong Medical Journal (HKMJ) is the flagship general medical journal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,with an international outlook.We are committed to publishing and promoting high-quality research.Led by our Editor-in-Chief,Professor Martin CS Wong,our Editorial Board is pleased to collaborate with Dr.Chen Wang,the Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese Medical Journal (CMJ),as well as the editors of CMJ to enhance the visibility of our respective journals and foster a collaborate environment that brings forth ideas and knowledge to our readers.
Discovery of a normal-tension glaucoma-suspect rhesus macaque with craniocerebral injury:Hints of elevated translaminar cribrosa pressure difference

To the Editor:Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible blindness with statistically normal intraocular pressure (IOP) (≤21 mmHg),which makes early-stage diagnosis in the clinical practice difficult.Pathophysiological pathways underlying NTG include vascular dysregulation,toxic metabolite accumulation,and elevated translaminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD).Although various small animal models have provided evidence of different pathophysiological mechanisms,the complicated clinical phenotype cannot be fully imitated by secondary disease models,and the gap between rodents and humans weakens their translational potential.Thus,the pathological changes associated with NTG remain unclear.
Joint Effects of Multipollutant Mixtures on Mortality in Chengdu,China

Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences.The negative health effects of individual air pollutants (e.g.,fine particulate matter:PM_(2.5);nitrogen dioxide:NO_2;carbon monoxide,CO;or ozone:O_3) have been widely explored.However,humans are constantly exposed to multipollutant mixtures in real life,and biological responses to inhaled pollutants are likely to depend on the interplay of pollutant mixtures.Therefore,it is critical and imperative to explore the joint effects of multipollutant mixtures on human beings.
Land use effects on the dynamics of soil C, N and microbes in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau, China

The water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau in China is under constant pressure from severe erosion due to its windy and dry climate and intensive human activities. Identifying sustainable land use patterns is key to maintaining ecosystem sustainability in the area. Our aim was to appraise the impacts of different land use regimes on the dynamics of soil total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), and microbes in a typical watershed in the northern Loess Plateau to identify suitable land use types that can maintain soil fertility and sustainability. A field experiment was performed in Liudaogou watershed in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, China, where the dynamics of soil TOC and TN, microbial biomass C and N, microbial respiration, and net N mineralization in six typical land use types, dam land, rainfed slope land, deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen coniferous forest, shrubland, and grassland, were measured in three different growing seasons. Land use type and season significantly affected TOC, TN, and the dynamics of microbial biomass and activity. As the most anthropogenically disturbed land use pattern, dam land was an optimal land use pattern for TOC sequestration due to its higher TOC and TN, but lower microbial activity. Soil TOC, TN, and microbial properties demonstrated a decreasing trend after natural grassland was converted to shrubland, forest, and rainfed slope land. Shrubland with exotic N-fixing Korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii Kom.) can maintain TOC, TN, and microbial properties similar to those in grassland. Soil TOC, NH_4~+ -N, TN, moisture, and extractable C were the principal indexes for soil microbial biomass and activity and explained 88.90% of the total variance. Thus, grassland was the optimal land use pattern in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the northern Loess Plateau to maintain ecosystem stability and sustainability.
A centromere map based on super pan-genome highlights the structure and function of rice centromeres

Rice(Oryza sativa) is a significant crop worldwide with a genome shaped by various evolutionary factors. Rice centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation, and contain some unreported genes. Due to the diverse and complex centromere region, a comprehensive understanding of rice centromere structure and function at the population level is needed. We constructed a high-quality centromere map based on the rice super pangenome consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice. We showed that rice centromeres have diverse satellite repeat CentO, which vary across chromosomes and subpopulations, reflecting their distinct evolutionary patterns. We also revealed that long terminal repeats(LTRs), especially young Gypsy-type LTRs, are abundant in the peripheral CentO-enriched regions and drive rice centromere expansion and evolution. Furthermore, high-quality genome assembly and complete telomere-to-telomere(T2T) reference genome enable us to obtain more centromeric genome information despite mapping and cloning of centromere genes being challenging. We investigated the association between structural variations and gene expression in the rice centromere. A centromere gene, OsMAB, which positively regulates rice tiller number, was further confirmed by expression quantitative trait loci, haplotype analysis and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 methods. By revealing the new insights into the evolutionary patterns and biological roles of rice centromeres, our finding will facilitate future research on centromere biology and crop improvement.
5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling: historical perspectives, factors influencing the detection, toxicity, and its implications in the neurogenesis

The halopyrimidine 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is an exogenous marker of DNA synthesis. Since the introduction of monoclonal antibodies against BrdU, an increasing number of methodologies have been used for the immunodetection of this synthesized bromine-tagged base analogue into replicating DNA. BrdU labeling is widely used for identifying neuron precursors and following their fate during the embryonic, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis in a variety of vertebrate species including birds, reptiles, and mammals. Due to BrdU toxicity, its incorporation into replicating DNA presents adverse consequences on the generation, survival, and settled patterns of cells. This may lead to false results and misinterpretation in the identification of proliferative neuroblasts. In this review, I will indicate the detrimental effects of this nucleoside during the development of the central nervous system, as well as the reliability of BrdU labeling to detect proliferating neuroblasts. Moreover, it will show factors influencing BrdU immunodetection and the contribution of this nucleoside to the study of prenatal, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis. Human adult neurogenesis will also be discussed. It is my hope that this review serves as a reference for those researchers who focused on detecting cells that are in the synthetic phase of the cell cycle.
PICOTEES: a privacy-preserving online service of phenotype exploration for genetic-diagnostic variants from Chinese children cohorts

The growth in biomedical data resources has raised potential privacy concerns and risks of genetic information leakage. For instance, exome sequencing aids clinical decisions by comparing data through web services, but it requires significant trust between users and providers. To alleviate privacy concerns, the most commonly used strategy is to anonymize sensitive data. Unfortunately, studies have shown that anonymization is insufficient to protect against reidentification attacks. Recently, privacy-preserving technologies have been applied to preserve application utility while protecting the privacy of biomedical data. We present the PICOTEES framework, a privacy-preserving online service of phenotype exploration for genetic-diagnostic variants(https://birthdefectlab.cn:3000/). PICOTEES enables privacy-preserving queries of the phenotype spectrum for a single variant by utilizing trusted execution environment technology, which can protect the privacy of the user's query information, backend models, and data, as well as the final results. We demonstrate the utility and performance of PICOTEES by exploring a bioinformatics dataset. The dataset is from a cohort containing 20,909 genetic testing patients with 3,152,508 variants from the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in China, dominated by the Chinese Han population(>99.9%). Our query results yield a large number of unreported diagnostic variants and previously reported pathogenicity.
GRB200612A: An Ultralong Gamma-Ray Burst Powered by Magnetar Spinning Down

GRB 200612A could be classified as an ultralong gamma-ray burst due to its prompt emission lasting up to ~1020 s and the true timescale of the central engine activity tburst ≥ 4 × 10~4 s. The late X-ray light curve with a decay index of α = 7.53 is steeper than the steepest possible decay from an external shock model. We propose that this X-ray afterglow can be driven by dipolar radiation from the magnetar spindown during its early stage, while the magnetar collapsed into the black hole before its spindown, resulting in a very steep decay of the late X-ray light curve. The optical data show that the light curve is still rising after 1.1 ks, suggesting a late onset. We show that GRB 200612A's optical afterglow light curve is fitted with the forward shock model by Gaussian structured off-axis jet. This is a special case among GRBs, as it may be an ultralong gamma-ray burst powered by a magnetar in an off-axis observation scenario.
Mo2P Monolayer as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Urea Synthesis from Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Fixation: A Computational Study

Urea synthesis through the simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction of N2 and CO_2 molecules under ambient conditions holds great promises as a sustainable alternative to its industrial production, in which the development of stable, highly efficient, and highly selective catalysts to boost the chemisorption, activation, and coupling of inert N2 and CO_2 molecules remains rather challenging. Herein, by means of density functional theory computations, we proposed a new class of two-dimensional nanomaterials, namely, transition-metal phosphide monolayers (TM2P, TM = Ti, Fe, Zr, Mo, and W), as the potential electrocatalysts for urea production. Our results showed that these TM2P materials exhibit outstanding stability and excellent metallic properties. Interestingly, the Mo2P monolayer was screened out as the best catalyst for urea synthesis due to its small kinetic energy barrier (0.35 eV) for C-N coupling, low limiting potential (-0.39 V), and significant suppressing effects on the competing side reactions. The outstanding catalytic activity of the Mo2P monolayer can be ascribed to its optimal adsorption strength with the key *NCON species due to its moderate positive charges on the Mo active sites. Our findings not only propose a novel catalyst with high-efficiency and high-selectivity for urea production but also further widen the potential applications of metal phosphides in electrocatalysis.