mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
高校附属医院临床教师课题负荷压力的研究

近年来，我国高等教育改革力度不断加大，既给高校教师带来了新的发展机遇，也带来了更大的挑战和压力。尤其是身兼“医师”与“教师”双重身份的临床教师更是如此。当前日益紧张的医患关系及特殊的教育环境下，伴随着一系列的人事分配制度、医疗改革进程的推进，他们体验到的压力无论在频率上还是在强度上，都要大大超过以往任何时候。尤其是近年来对课题数量和质量的要求越来越高，而且将其作为职聘、晋升及各种待遇依据，这些无疑都给教师带来了巨大的压力。而这些压力不仅已经威胁到他们的身心健康，同时也给教育教学及医疗工作带来诸多负面影响。笔者对临床教师的工作相关压力进行了调查分析，从而为相关人员参考探究出一条行之有效的应对策略提供依据。
江西城乡居民医疗卫生服务需要、需求及利用状况分析

国家卫生服务调查是我国政府掌握城乡居民健康、卫生服务利用及其影响因素的重要手段和主要信息来源，每5年一次。2008年我省按照卫生部的统一方案和部署，开展了第四次国家卫生服务调查，本次调查主要是对前五年卫生工作进行回顾和总结，分析城乡居民医疗卫生服务需要、需求及利用状况，为制定深化医药卫生体制改革政策提供依据和实施效果评价提供基础信息。
应用圆形分布分析我区近年甲型肝炎患者发病的季节性趋势

甲型肝炎(简称甲肝)是由甲型肝炎病毒引起的一种重要的肠道传染病，其传染性强，发病率高，流行面广，是我国法定管理的乙类传染病。甲型肝炎具有明显的季节发病高峰，每年春季和秋季相对多发。
Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions and Phosphorus Availability in a Calcareous Soil Receiving 21-Year Superphosphate Application

A long-term (21-year) field experiment was performed to study the responses of soil inorganic P fractions and P availability to annual fertilizer P application in a calcareous soil on the Loess Plateau of China. Soil Olsen-P contents increased by 3.7, 5.2. 11.2 and 20.6 mg P kg~(-1) after 21-year annual fertilizer P application at 20, 39, 59, and 79 kg P ha~(-1) respectively. Long-term fertilizer P addition also increased soil total P and inorganic P (Pi) contents significantly. The contents of inorganic P fractions were in the order of Ca10-P < Ca8-P < Fe-P < Al-P < occluded P < Ca2-P in the soil receiving annual fertilizer P application. Fertilizer P application increased ('a-P, Al-P and Ca2-P contents as well as their percentages relative to Pi. Pi application increased Fe-P and occluded P contents but nor their percentages. Soil Ca10-P content remained unchanged after fertilizer P application while its percentage relative to Pi declined with increasing fertilizer P rate. All Pi fractions but Ca10-P were correlated with Olsen-P significantly. 90% of variations in Olsen-P could be explained by Pi fractions, and the direct contribution of Ca8-P was predominant. Long-term annual superphosphate application would facilitate the accumulation of soil Ca8-P, and thus improve soil P availability.
Soil Quality Assessment Using Weighted Fuzzy Association Rules

Fuzzy association rules (FARs) can be powerful in assessing regional soil quality, a critical step prior to land planning and utilization; however, traditional FARs mined from soil quality database, ignoring the importance variability of the rules, can be redundant and far from optimal. In this study, we developed a method applying different weights to traditional FARs to improve accuracy of soil quality assessment. After the FARs for soil quality assessment were mined, redundant rules were eliminated according to whether the rules were significant or not in reducing the complexity of the soil quality assessment models and in improving the comprehensibility of FARs. The global weights, each representing the importance of a FAR in soil quality assessment, were then introduced and refined using a gradient descent optimization method. This method was applied to the assessment of soil resources conditions in Guangdong Province, China. The new approach had an accuracy of 87%, when 15 rules were mined, as compared with 76% from the traditional approach. The accuracy increased to 96% when 32 rules were mined, in contrast to 88% from the traditional approach. These results demonstrated an improved comprehensibility of FARs and a high accuracy of the proposed method.
Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies to Estimate Grass Yield and Livestock Carrying Capacity of Alpine Grasslands in Golog Prefecture, China

Remote sensing data from the Terra Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and geospatial data were used to estimate grass yield and livestock carrying capacity in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Golog, Qinghai, China. The MODIS-derived normalized difference vegetation index (MODIS-NDVI) data were correlated with the aboveground green biomass (AGGB) data from the aboveground harvest method. Regional regression model between the MODIS-NDVI and the common logarithm (LOG10) of the AGGB was significant (r~2 = 0.51, P > 0.001), it was, therefore, used to calculate the maximum carrying capacity in sheep-unit year per hectare. The maximum livestock carrying capacity was then adjusted to the theoretical livestock carrying capacity by the reduction factors (slope, distance to water. and soil erosion). Results indicated that the grassland conditions became worse, with lower aboveground palatable grass yield, plant height, and cover compared with the results obtained in 1981. At the same time, although the actual livestock numbers decreased, they still exceeded the proper theoretical livestock carrying capacity, and overgrazing rates ranged from 27.27% in Darlag County to 293.99% in Baima County. Integrating remote sensing and geographical information system technologies, the spatial and temporal conditions of the alpine grassland, trend, and projected stocking rates could be forecasted for decision making.
A Spectral Index for Estimating Soil Salinity in the Yellow River Delta Region of China Using EO-1 Hyperion Data

Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes. In this study, spectral measurements of saline soil samples collected from the Yellow River Delta region of China were conducted in laboratory and hyperspectral data were acquired from an EO-1Hyperion sensor to quantitatively map soil salini'y in the region. A soil salinity spectral index (SSI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance (CR-reflectance) at 2 052 and 2 203 nm, to analyze the spectral absorption features of the salt-affected soils. There existed a strong correlation (r-0.91) between the SSI and soil salt content (SSC). Then, a model for estimation of SS(' with SSI was established using univariate regression and validation of the model yielded a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.986 and an R2 of 0.873. The model was applied to a Hyperion reflectance image on a pixel-by-pixel basis and the resulting quantitative salinity map was validated successfully with RMSE - 1921 and R~2 : 0.627. These suggested that the satellite hyperspectral data had the potential for predicting SSC' in a large area.
Study on curing reaction of 4-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile/bisphthalonitrile

A series of phthalonitrile blending resins were prepared from 4-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile (APN) and 4,4'-bis (3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (BPH) by directly powder-mixing and copolymerization. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic rheology were used to study the curing reaction behaviors of APN/BPH blends, and the results indicated that the introduction of APN accelerated the curing rate of BPH, and the existence of BPH decreased the curing temperature of APN/BPH systems. The thermal stability of postcured APN/BPH resins was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the TGA results indicated that the crosslinked polymers of APN/BPH systems possessed good thermal stability.
Responses of Halophyte Salicornia bigelovii to Different Forms of Nitrogen Source

Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen (N) deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels (1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L~(-1)), supplied in the form of NO_3 or ammonium (NH_4~+), under high NaCl conditions (200 mmol L~(-1)). NH_4~+fed plants showed better growth than NO_3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L~(-1) N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L~(-1) N. Nitrogen contents in NO_3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO_3 absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO -fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH_4~+-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH_4~+-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH_4~+-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.
Soil Biota in the Arava Valley of Negev Desert, Israel

Soil microorganism biomass and respiration and the soil nematode community were observed in the hypersaline desert valley that is found between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. The lowest point of the valley is approximately 400 m below sea level, and is the lowest point on earth. Soil samples (n = 72) were collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers at different altitudes (from -400 to +100 m) in the open spaces between plants during one of the most extreme xeric periods. Both soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass were found to be negatively dependent on soil moisture (SM) and organic matter (OM), and positively dependent on pH values. The physical-chemical characteristics of this hypersaline area were extremely unfavorable for the soil nematode communities, and the nematodes were entirely absent in the open area below sea level. The bacterivores were found to be the most resistant nematodes in this hyperarid region, with the Wilsonema being the most widespread genus. We suggest that nitrogen availability may play a crucial role in the below-ground soil interaction in this region, with bacterivore nematodes as indicators of nitrogen availability.
Three new compounds from the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms

Three new compounds named (2E)-prenyl benzoate-4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 6) β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 7-methoxy-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl coumarin (2), and 3,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy benzenepentanoic acid (3) were isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms. The structures of new compounds were determined by means of 2D NMR experiments and chemical methods.
Long-Term Effect of No-Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in a Continuous Maize Cropping System of Northeast China

Increasing evidence has shown that conservation tillage is an effective agricultural practice to increase carbon (C) sequestration in soils. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to tillage regimes, physical fractionation techniques were employed to evaluate the effect of long-term no-tillage (NT) on soil aggregation and SOC fractions. Results showed that NT increased the concentration of total SOC by 18.1% compared with conventional tillage (CT) under a long-term maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system in Northeast China. The proportion of soil large macroaggregates (< 2 000 μm) was higher in NT than that in CT, while small macroaggregates (250-2 000 μm) showed an opposite trend. Therefore, the total proportion of macroaggregates (< 2 000 and 250-2 000 μm) was not affected by tillage management. However, C concentrations of macroaggregates on a whole soil basis were higher under NT relative to CT, indicating that both the amount of aggregation and aggregate turnover affected C stabilization. Carbon concentrations of intra-aggregate particulate organic matter associated with microaggregates (iPOMm) and microaggregates occluded within macroaggregates (iPOMmM) in NT were 1.6 and 1.8 times greater than those in CT, respectively. Carbon proportions of iPOM-m and iPOMmM in the total SOC increased from 5.4% and 6.3% in CT to 7.2% and 9.7% in NT, respectively. Furthermore, the difference in the microaggregate protected C (i.e., iPOM-m and iPOM-mM) between NT and CT could explain 45.4% of the difference in the whole SOC. The above results indicate that NT stimulates C accumulation within microaggregates which then are further acted upon in the soil to form macroaggregates. The shift of SOC within microaggregates is beneficial for long-term C sequestration in soil. We also corroborate that the microaggregate protected C is useful as a pool for assessing the impact of tillage management on SOC storage.
Two new ceramides from the stems of Piper betle L.

Two new ceramides,(2S,3S,4R)-2-N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-nonacosane-1,3,4-triol(1)and(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8-eicosylene-1,3,4-triol(2)have been isolated from the stems of Piper betle L.collected from Baoshan city of Yunnan Province in China.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Magnetic properties of Nd_2Fe_14B/a-Fe nanocomposite magnets with yttrium addition

The phase evolution and magnetic properties of Nd_(9-x)Y_xFe_(72)Ti_2Zr_2B_(15) (x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 2) melt-spun nanocomposite ribbons were studied. It is found that Y addition not only enhances the formability of amorphous phase in the alloy, but also stabilizes the amorphous phase during the annealing treatment. The appropriate content of Y addition effectively enhances the remanence (J_r) of the annealed sample. The residual amorphous intergranular phase in the annealed sample optimizes the squareness of the loop, resulting in an larger maximum energy product (BH)_(max). The best magnetic properties, J_r = 0.78 T, H_(ci) (coercivity) = 923.4 kA/m, and (BH)ma = 98.5 kJ/m3, were obtained from the Nd_8YFe_(72)Ti_2Zr_2B_(15) ribbon spun at V_s = 4 m/s and annealed at 700℃ for 10 min, which is composed of Nd_2Fe_(14)B, α-Fe, and amorphous phase.
Effect of atmosphere on the synthesis of potassium titanate

Potassium titanate (K_4Ti_3O_8) was synthesized by the reaction between ilmenite and concentrated KOH solution in the atmosphere of nitrogen, still air, and oxygen, respectively. The obtained samples were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicate that K_4Ti_3O_8 have been synthesized in different atmospheres. The oxidizing atmosphere could enhance the conversion rate of Ti from ilmenite to K_4Ti_3O_8, and Fe(II) is easily oxidized to trivalent iron Fe(III) during the reaction. Furthermore, SEM images show that the different atmospheres have significant effect on K_4Ti_3O_8 crystal morphology and particle size. Well shaped K_4Ti_3O_8 crystals are obtained in nonoxidizing atmosphere.
Preparation and characterization of Pt-WO3/C catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells

Three co-impregnation/chemical reduction methods in acidic solutions of pH > 1, including ethylene glycol (EG), NaBH4, and HCOOH, were compared for Pt-WO_3/C catalysts. Pt-WO_3/C catalysts containing 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% platinum per carbon were prepared by the three methods; their morphology and electrocatalytic activities were characterized. The 20 wt.% Pt-WO_3/C catalyst prepared by the co-impregnation/EG method presented the optimal dispersion with an average particle size of 4.6 nm and subsequently the best electrocatalytic activity, and so, it was further characterized. Its anodic peak current density for ethanol oxidation from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) is 7.9 mA·cm~(-2), which is 1.4 and 5.2 times as high as those of the catalysts prepared by co-impregnation/NaBH_4 and co-impregnation/ HCOOH reduction methods, 2.1 times as high as that of the 10 wt.% Pt-WO_3/C catalyst prepared by co-impregnation/EG method, respectively.
Non-contact evaluation of the resonant frequency of a microstructure using ultrasonic wave

This paper presents a novel non-contact method for evaluating the resonant frequency of a microstructure. Firstly, the microstructure under test is excited by ultrasonic waves. This excitation method does not impose any undefined load on the specimen like the electrostatic excitation and also this is the first actual use of ultrasonic wave for exciting a microstructure in the literature. Secondly, the amplitudes of the microstructure are determined by image edge detection using a Mexican hat wavelet transform on the vibrating images of the microstructure. The vibrating images are captured by a CCD camera when the microstructure is vibrated by ultrasonic waves at a series of discrete high frequencies (|30kHz). Upon processing the vibrating images, the amplitudes at various excitation frequencies are obtained and an amplitude-frequency spectrum is obtained from which the resonant frequency is subsequently evaluated. A micro silicon structure consisting of a perforated plate (192 x 192 μm) and two cantilever beams (76 x 43 μm) which is about 4 μm thickness is tested. Since laser interferometry is not required, thermal effects on a test object can be avoided. Hence, the setup is relatively simple. Results show that the proposed method is a simple and effective approach for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of microstructures.
Trends of Temperature Extremes in China and their Relationship with Global Temperature Anomalies

Changes of temperature extremes over China were evaluated using daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 591 stations for the period 1961-2002. A set of indices of warm extremes, cold extremes and daily temperature range (DTR) extremes was studied with a focus on trends. The results showed that the frequency of warm extremes (F WE) increased obviously in most parts of China, and the intensity of warm extremes (I WE) increased significantly in northern China. The opposite distribution was found in the frequency and intensity of cold extremes. The frequency of high DTR extremes was relatively uniform with that of intensity: an obvious increasing trend was located over western China and the east coast, while significant decreases occurred in central, southeastern and northeastern China; the opposite distribution was found for low DTR extreme days. Seasonal trends illustrated that both F WE and I WE showed significant increasing trends, especially over northeastern China and along the Yangtze Valley basin in spring and winter. A correlation technique was used to link extreme temperature anomalies over China with global temperature anomalies. Three key regions were identi?ed, as follows: northeastern China and its coastal areas, the high-latitude regions above 40±N, and southwestern China and the equatorial eastern Paci?c.
Fog Research in China: An Overview

Fog can adversely affect human activity directly and indirectly, resulting in large losses both in terms of the local economy and lives. Much effort has been devoted to studies of fog across many areas of China, and in that context this paper aims to summarize climatic characteristics and review fog field experiments and their major results relating to fog mechanisms, physical properties and chemical characteristics. Progress in the application of remote sensing techniques and numerical simulation in fog research are also discussed. In particular, the effects of urbanization and industrialization on fog are highlighted. To end, perspectives on future fog research are outlined. The goal of this review paper is to introduce fog research in China to the global academic community and thus promote international collaboration on fog research. This is important because most papers on fog in China are published in Chinese, which are unreadable for the vast majority of non-Chinese researchers.
Numerical simulation of the transport and diffusion of dissolved pollutants in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary

Based on a coupled hydrodynamic–ecological model for regional and shelf seas (COHERENS), a three-dimensional baroclinic model for the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary and the adjacent sea area was established using the sigma-coordinate in the vertical direction and spherical coordinate in the horizontal direction. In the study, changing-grid technology and the "dry-wet" method were designed to deal with the moving boundary. The minimum water depth limit condition was introduced for numerical simulation stability and to avoid producing negative depths in the shallow water areas. Using the Eulerian transport approaches included in COHERENS for the advection and dispersion of dissolved pollutants, numerical simulation of dissolved pollutant transport and diffusion in the Changjiang River estuary were carried out. The mass centre track of dissolved pollutants released from outlets in the south branch of the Changjiang River estuary water course has the characteristic of reverse current motion in the inner water course and clockwise motion offshore. In the transition area, water transport is a combination of the two types of motion. In a sewage-discharge numerical experiment, it is found that there are mainly two kinds of pollution distribution forms: one is a single nuclear structure and the other is a double nuclear (dinuclear) structure in the turbid zone of the Changjiang River estuary. The rate of expansion of the dissolved pollutant distribution decreased gradually. The results of the numerical experiment indicate that the maximum turbid zone of the Changjiang River estuary is also the zone enriched with pollutants. Backward pollutant flow occurs in the north branch of the estuary, which is similar to the backward salt water flow, and the backward flow of pollutants released upstream is more obvious.
Underwater topography detection of Taiwan Shoal with SAR images

Under suitable conditions of tidal current and wind, underwater topography can be detected by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) indirectly. Underwater topography SAR imaging includes three physical processes: radar ocean surface backscattering, the modulation of sea surface short wave spectrum by the variations in sea surface currents, and the modulation of sea surface currents by the underwater topography. The first process is described usually by Bragg scattering theory because the incident angle of SAR is always between 20 °-70 °. The second process is described by the action balance equation. The third process is described by an ocean hydrodynamic model. Based on the SAR imaging mechanism for underwater topography, an underwater topography SAR detection model and a simplified method for its calculation are introduced. In the detection model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model – the shallow water model is used to describe the motion of tidal current. Due to the difficulty of determining the expression of SAR backscattering cross section in which some terms can not be determined, the backscattering cross section of SAR image used in the underwater topography SAR detection is pro-processed by the simulated SAR image of the coarse-grid water depth to simplify the calculation. Taiwan Shoal, located at the southwest outlet of Taiwan Strait, is selected as an evaluation area for this technique due to the occurrence of hundreds of sand waves. The underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal was detected by two scenes of ERS-2 SAR images which were acquired on 9 January 2000 and 6 June 2004. The detection results are compared with in situ measured water depths for three profiles. The average absolute and relative errors of the best detection result are 2.23 m and 7.5 %, respectively. These show that the detection model and the simplified method introduced in the paper is feasible.
In vivo effects of 17-β-estradiol on plasma immunoglobulin levels and leukocyte density in zebrafish Danio rerio

Estradiol, or 17-β-estradiol (E_2), the most potent naturally occurring estrogen, is involved in the hormone-immune system interaction in both mammals and fish. However, in vivo studies are largely limited, and little is known about whether E_2 exerts similar effects on both female and male zebrafish (Danio rerio). Here, we show exposure of both sexes of D. rerio to 20 nmol/L E_2 resulted in a significant increase in Vg1 expression, but caused little damage to the hepatocytes, suggesting that this is the optimum E_2 concentration. Also, exposure to 20 nmol/L E_2 for 20 days caused a marked increase in plasma IgM levels, but had little influence on the peripheral leukocyte density, providing the first evidence of a hormone-immune system interaction in this species.