mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Application of customized augments fabricated by rapid prototyping for severe bone defects of the knee

Keywords: rapid prototyping; severe bone defects; knee With the population aging and an increasing desire for a high quality of life, millions of patients who suffered knee arthropathy have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although the success rate for primary TKA has been quite high, the number of revision surgeries can not be ignored. Bone loss is one of the challenges confronting surgeons who perform revision TKAs as it can impair alignment accuracy and the long-term stability of the implant. Although several options are available for bone loss after TKA—cement, bone grafting, standard augments, and hinged implants—there is no single ideal option available for all patients with a severe bone defect because of the variety and severity of the defects.1 The burgeoning rapid prototyping (RP) technique, which has been used to fabricate components with complex and unique structures, may offer a novel option in these cases.
Management and outcome of pelvic fractures in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 40 cases

Background Pelvic fractures are uncommon in elderly patients and so are infrequently addressed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the management and outcome of pelvic fractures in elderly patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of pelvic fractures in elderly patients (age ≥55 years) who were treated in our department from September 1997 to May 2010. Results A total of 40 elderly patients with pelvic fractures were identified. Their mean age was 65.8 years (range 55-87 years). About 68% (n=27) were men. The average Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 17.8 (range 6-45). Twelve (30%) patients required blood transfusion (mean 10 units) during the first 24 hours. The fractures were most frequently due to falling from a standing position (48%). Almost half (48%) were grade I breaks. Associated injuries were present in 70% (n-28) of patients, and 65% (n=26) had medical co-morbidities. Altogether, 29 patients (73%) underwent non-surgical management of their pelvic fracture. The average hospital stay was 25 days. There were five in-hospital deaths and one death 10 months after discharge. High ISSs (>25) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (P=0.018). At the final assessment (mean follow-up 15 months), 52% of the surviving patients had experienced decreased self-sufficiency. Conclusions Pelvic fractures in elderly patients result in high morbidity and mortality rates. A high ISS (>25) can be used to identify a patient at high risk. We recommend aggressive resuscitation and intensive care for that patient. For patients with an unstable pelvic or displaced acetabular fracture (≥2 mm) who can endure surgery, open reduction and internal fixation can provide adequate fixation for early weight-bearing and restoration of the bone stock.
Comparison of simple discectomy and instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of lumbar disc herniation combined with Modic endplate changes

Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the surgical outcomes of simple discectomy and instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (iPLIF) in patients with lumbar disc herniation and Modic endplate changes. Our hypothesis was that iPLIF could provide better outcome for patients with refractory lumbar disc herniation and Modic changes (LDH-MC). Methods Ninety-one patients with single-segment LDH-MC were recruited. All patients experienced low back pain as well as radicular leg pain, and low back pain was more severe than leg pain. Forty-seven patients were treated with discectomy and 44 were treated with iPLIF. The outcomes of both low back pain and radicular leg pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) as well as the clinical outcome related to low back pain using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were assessed before and 18 months after surgery, respectively. Results Both low back and leg pain were significantly improved 18 months after simple discectomy and iPLIF. Compared to patients undergoing simple discectomy, low back pain was significantly reduced in patients undergoing iPLIF, but there was no significant difference in leg pain between two groups. Solid fusion was achieved in all patients who underwent iPLIF. Conclusions In patients with LDH-MC, iPLIF can yield significantly superior outcome on the relief of low back pain compared to simple discectomy. Simple discectomy can relieve radicular leg pain as efficient as iPLIF. Accordingly, iPLIF seems to be a reliable treatment for patients with LDH-MC and predominant low back pain.
Presence of notched QRS on paced electrocardiographs as a predictor of poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on patients with advanced and refractory heart failure has made remarkable progress. Clinically, notched QRS (nQRS) is commonly seen on electrocardiographs (ECGs) with bundle branch block morphology and on paced ECGs after implantation of a CRT device, which may reflect the heterogeneity of ventricular myocardial depolarization and electrical activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with more nQRS myocardial segments on paced ECGs had a worse response to CRT than patients with fewer nQRS myocardial segments. Methods We prospectively enrolled 56 patients of CRT with chronic heart failure from People's Hospital affiliated to Peking University from January 2007 to October 2013. Based on nQRS segments on ECGs before CRT, we allocated them to two groups: fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments (lateral, inferior, anterior segments) group (F-nQRS.G,, n-23) and more nQRS (>2) myocardial segments group (M-nQRS, G2, n=33). Then according to nQRS segments on ECGs after CRT, we divided them into two groups similarly: fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments group (G3, n=24) and more nQRS (>2) myocardial segments group (G4, n=32). This study was approved by the ethics committee of People's Hospital. Results At 6 months in the baseline-ECG group, there was a greater absolute increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in G2 than in G, ((11.5±8.9)% vs. (5.5±10.4)%, P=0.023), with the incidence of nonresponse lower in G2than in G,(9.1% vs. 39.1%, P=0.018). In the paced-ECG group, the absolute increase in LVEF was less in G4 than in G3 ((6.4±8.8)% vs. (12.5±10.4)%, P=0.024) and the incidence of nonresponse was higher in G4 than in G3 (31.3% vs. 8.3%, P=0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that fewer nQRS (<2) myocardial segments on paced ECGs (odds ratio 13.920) was a predictor of positive response to CRT. Conclusion nQRS ≥2 myocardial segments (lateral, inferior, anterior) on paced ECGs may predict a poor response to CRT.
Uniform to Accelerated Crystal Twisting Transition in Deuterate Polyethylene/Poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) Blend Films

A uniform to accelerated crystal twisting transition is observed in deuterate polyethylene/poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (d-PE/PEP) blend films. And the band period is a function of initial d-PE concentration, quench depth and annealing time of phase separation. As Keith and Padden suggested, twisting of lamella is due to the unbalanced stress on its both sides, which can supply a satisfying explanation to banded spherulites formed in homogeneous systems. When it comes to d-PE/PEP blend system, in homogeneous 99% d-PE/PEP (weight fraction of d-PE) blend film, the formation of banded spherulite is observed as a result of uniform twisting of ribbon like d-PE lamellae along the radial direction. With the amorphous PEP piling up, it transfers into accelerated edge-on to flat-on twisting due to crystallization assisted phase separation. The mechanism can be interpreted as following: d-PE molecules must inter-diffuse to the twisting growth front to continue the secondary nucleation and growth process. Meanwhile, the amorphous PEP molecules are rejected and accumulated at the twisting growth front. Once the d-PE lamella begins to twist because of unbalanced stress on both sides, the accumulated rubber phase at the growth front strengthens the unbalance and accelerates the edge-on to flat-on twisting. The concentration wave propagates further away with constant speed, and leads to concentric ring pattern with periodic nonuniform twisting along the radial direction. Since this is a kinetic effect, the band period can be controlled through initial d-PE concentration, quench depth and annealing time of phase separation. Our result shows that crystallization assisted phase separation can modify lamella growth kinetic pathway, thereby assisting concentric ring pattern formation.
32例胃Dieulafoy病出血患者临床特点和胃镜治疗疗效

不明原因消化道出血是指经普通内镜检查阴性的,不明来源的持续或反复发作的出血,Dieulafoy病是其常见病因。90%以上的Dieulafoy病病灶出血可经由内镜治疗控制,内镜治疗失败者可选择外科手术治疗,总体病死率已由过去的80.0%降至8.6%。本研究旨在进一步明确胃Dieulafoy病出血的临床特点,比较不同胃镜治疗方法对胃Dieulafoy病的疗效。
微创外科技术在先天性巨结肠症治疗中的应用

自1987年Mouret首次报道腹腔镜胆囊切除术后,提出微创手术(minimally invasive surgery, MIS)的概念:在不降低治疗效果基础上,尽可能减少手术对病人的创伤。“微创”不仅是病人的追求,更应是手术医师所应遵循的治疗原则。近年来,随着手术器械、手术方式的不断更新与改进、以及腹腔镜技术在外科疾病诊治中的应用,使得MIS已逐渐成为外科发展的新趋势。MIS主要特点包括:①最稳定的内环境状态;②最小的炎症反应;③最小的手术切口;④最小的瘢痕愈合。先天性巨结肠症(Hirschsprung's disease,HD)是小儿常见的消化道发育畸形,手术是其主要治疗方式。HD手术方法经历了一系列的发展和演变,1948年Swenson首次采用病变结直肠切除、经肛门拖出吻合术治疗本病,1956年Duhamel改进为直肠后拖出结肠肛门吻合术,1964年Soave改由直肠内拖出结肠肛门吻合术;这些传统经典开放手术因肠管暴露时间长,影响肠蠕动恢复,并发症多,创伤较大,腹壁遗留较大切口瘢痕影响美观及患儿身心健康。随着MIS的兴起,使得这项技术也在HD治疗中迅速开展。本文从常规腹腔镜手术、经肛门直肠内拖出术、经脐单部位腹腔内镜手术、经自然腔道内镜手术治疗HD予以阐述。
玉米新品种MC220的选育、特征特性及栽培技术要点

MC220是北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心采用“高大严”选系法(即高密度、大群体、严选择)等育种新方法,经过多年研究育成的玉米新品种,具有熟期适宜、株型紧凑、耐密抗倒、粒大粒重、高产优质等特点。2013年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在京津唐及类似生态区夏播种植。
Intracellular Communication

Gene expression of the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes in plants is mutually dependent and highly coordinately regulated. This ensures adequate synthesis of proteins functioning in common protein complexes for organellar gene expression and energy-transducing activities in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The concept of intracellular communication includes an anterograde and retrograde signaling network between nucleus and the two organelles, enabling this interactive exchange of information essential for cellular hemostasis. By definition, the intracellular communication is based on the inter-organellar reciprocity whereby the transcriptional activities in the nucleus are regulated in part by signaling pathways derived from plastids and mitochondria (retrograde signaling), while the organellar gene expression is controlled by information received form the nucleus (anterograde signaling).
Ultrasound imaging of chitosan nerve conduits that bridge sciatic nerve defects in rats

The repair of peripheral nerve injuries with autologous nerve remains the gold standard (Wang et al., 2005; Yao et al., 2010; Deal et al., 2012; Kriebel et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Tamaki et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2014; Zhu and Lou, 2014). With advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials, tissue-engineered nerve conduits with various biomaterials and structures, such as collagen and chitosan nerve conduits, have already been used in the clinic as alternatives to autologous nerve in the repair of peripheral nerve injury (Wang et al., 2012; Svizenska et al., 2013; Eppenberger et al., 2014; Gu et al., 2014; Koudehi et al., 2014; Moya-Diaz et al., 2014; Novajra et al., 2014; Okamoto et al., 2014; Shea et al., 2014; Singh et al., 2014; Tamaki et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2014). Therefore, new simple and effective methods are needed to better evaluate the outcomes of repair using nerve conduits in vivo. Ultrasound is a common noninvasive clinical detection modality that has been used in many fields. However, ultrasound has only rarely been used to observe implanted nerve conduits in vivo. Haug et al. (2013) tried to displace the collagen nerve conduit for repairing the digital nerve under ultrasound. Here, we report the first use of ultrasound to noninvasively observe the changes in chitosan nerve conduits implanted in rats over time.
PBL联合CBL教学在消化内科见习中的应用效果分析

医学学习是一个漫长而艰苦的过程,涉及各个方面;而临床见习阶段是一个重要的过程。立体式教学思维采用多种教学方法,这需要带教老师带领见习医生到各科室与患者接触,对教学内容采取普遍联系,将课本理论知识现实化,理论与实际相结合,从时间、空间等多个方面,全景展示教学内容的一种方法。本研究于2012年1月至2013年1月将见习医生分为综合教学组和传统教学组,对两组见习医生的考核成绩及反馈意见进行对比研究,取得了较好的教学效果,现报道如下。
Real-time reflection imaging with terahertz camera and quantum-cascade laser

A real-time reflection imaging employing a terahertz (THz) camera as the imager and a 3.9 THz quantum- cascade laser (QCL) as the light source is demonstrated. The imaging light is collected and guided by only one off-axis parabolic mirror. The imaging distance is about 1 m. THz images of a coin and a knife are acquired and analyzed. An actual spatial resolution with a value of about 0.33 mm is achieved.
南京地区产后女性性功能障碍流行病学调查分析

目的:调查南京地区产后妇女性功能障碍的发生情况并分析其相关危险因素。方法: 2012年1月~2013年11月南京地区在本院进行健康体检的产后妇女282例为对象,采用女性性功能指数问卷进行调查,统计性功能障碍发病率并分析相关病因。结果:产后女性性功能障碍发生率为72.7%,主要症状为性欲下降(85.1%)、性唤起障碍(74.8%)、性高潮障碍(55.0%)、性交痛(32.6%),性功能障碍的发生情况与年龄、产后时间、经济条件及夫妻感情有关(P< 0.05),而与教育程度、BMI、分娩方式、产后性生活开始时间、喂养方式无显著相关性。结论:产后女性性功能障碍发生率较高,与生理、心理、环境因素均有关,应加强产后康复训练及性健康知识的宣教。
Formation of Micro-channels and Generation of High-energy Electrons in Nanosecond High-voltage Discharges in Air, Developing in Micro-structuring Regime

The investigations results of the different types of high-voltage nanosecond atmospheric discharges(diffusive in the gaps"wire(cathode)-plane","rod(cathode)-plane", spark"point-plane" and in homogeneous gaps"plane-plane", as well as streamerless discharges in homogeneous gaps"plane-plane") are present. It was found out that the current channels prints, left on the electrodes surface, has the microstructure. The microstructure is a cluster(up to1000) of the microchannels of1~30μm diameters almost evenly distributed on the channels section. It was found out that in some cases the discharges develop in the regime of microstructuring of the current channels, are accompanied by generation of high-energy electrons and x-ray radiation. In this case the generation of high-energy component is stipulated by the electrons runaway in the microchannels. The calculation results of the electric field in clusters of parallel microchannels in the frameworks of the model of a bundle of parallel long cylindrical conductors are present. It is shown that in the clusters with many microchannels in the result of mutual attenuation of their fields maximum strength of the radial field could be lower than the critical one, which is necessary for ionization multiplication and expansion. This provides long existence of microchannels groups of microns radii in the high-voltage nanosecond discharges. A physical model of the streamerless discharge microstructure formation at the result of instability development of the ionization process in the avalanche stage is developed. It was established that the instability has long wave character and leads to formation of self-similar spatial structure. It is shown that the microstructure of the streamer discharges could be explained in the frameworks of this model. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dynamics of microchannels system of high-voltage nanosecond discharges in the air of atmospheric pressure is performed in hydrodynamic approximation. It is established that fast(≈10 ns) expansion and significant decreasing of the gas concentration in the microchannels takes place at the expense of ohmic heating of the microchannels. It is shown that the microchannels expansion provides increase of electric field and gas concentration ratio up to the values that are sufficient for high-energy electrons beams and bremsstrahlung generation in them.
Comparison of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana under water stress

This study aims to investigate the protective roles of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative systems in the desiccation tolerance of Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana as they adapt to arid environments. A variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaves of two Leguminosae species were monitored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of drought stress. Soil water content decreased from 38.58% to 7.33% after exposure to 28 d of water stress. The photosynthetic carbon-assimilation rates of the two Leguminosae plants decreased for non-stomatal limitation with processing water stress. The malondialdehyde content and cell membrane relative conductivity of the two species increased significantly from 1 to 21 d and then decreased. S. moorcroftiana showed higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities than C. maximovicziana during the 28 d treatment period. However, the catalase activities and proline content of C. maximovicziana were higher than those of S. moorcroftiana before the water stress treatment reached 21 d. Nine physiological and biochemical parameters were selected to comprehensively evaluate the two species’ drought-resistance by the membership function values(MFV). The mean MFV indicated that S. moorcroftiana has a relatively stronger drought defense capability than C. maximovicziana. S. moorcroftiana mainly uses carbon-assimilation rate and osmotic adjustment to combat water deficiency.
Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland, Kenya

Rangeland degradation is a serious problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa and its restoration is a challenge for the management of arid and semi-arid areas. In Lake Baringo Basin of Kenya, communities and individual farmers are restoring indigenous vegetation inside enclosures in an effort to combat severe land degradation and address their livelihood problems. This study evaluated the impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass, being key indicators of soil ecosystem health. Six reseeded communal enclosures using soil embankments as water-harvesting structures and strictly regulated access were selected, varying in age from 13 to 23 years. In six private enclosures, ranging from 3 to 17 years in age, individual farmers emulated the communal enclosure strategy and restored areas for their exclusive use. Significant decreases in bulk density, and increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass contents and stocks were found in the enclosures as compared with the degraded open rangeland. In the private enclosures, the impact of rehabilitation on the soil quality was variable, and soil quality was in general lower than that obtained under communal management. The significant increase of absolute stocks of carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass compared to the degraded open rangeland indicates the potential for the restoration of soil quality through range rehabilitation. Over-sowing with indigenous legume fodder species could improve total nitrogen content in the soil and nutritional value of the pastures as well.
Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau, China

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) are two woody plants that are widely planted on the Loess Plateau for controlling soil erosion and land desertification. In this study, we conducted an excavation experiment in 2008 to investigate the overall vertical root distribution characteristics of black locust and Chinese pine. We also performed triaxial compression tests to evaluate the root cohesion(additional soil cohesion increased by roots) of black locust. Two types of root distribution, namely, vertical root(VR) and horizontal root(HR), were used as samples and tested under four soil water content(SWC) conditions(12.7%, 15.0%, 18.0% and 20.0%, respectively). Results showed that the root lengths of the two species were mainly concentrated in the root diameter of 5–20 mm. A comparison of root distribution between the two species indicated that the root length of black locust was significantly greater than that of Chinese pine in nearly all root diameters, although the black locust used in the comparison was 10 years younger than the Chinese pine. Root biomass was also significantly greater in black locust than in Chinese pine, particularly in the root diameters of 3–5 and 5–10 mm. These two species were both found to be deep-rooted. The triaxial compression tests showed that root cohesion was greater in the VR samples than in the HR samples. SWC was negatively related to both soil shear strength and root cohesion. These results could provide useful information on the architectural characteristics of woody root system and expand the knowledge on shallow slope stabilization and soil erosion control by plant roots on the Loess Plateau.
Radial profile of sap flow velocity in mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) in Northwest China

Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(J_s) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of J_s through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak J_s was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm~2·d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest J_s appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with J_s,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm~2·d). The radial pattern of J_s was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest J_s(J_(s,1) or J_(s,8)) and the highest J_s(J_(s,3) or J_(s,5)) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm~2·h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of J_s along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET_0). Due to significant radial variability of J_s, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.