mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework derived hierarchical porous TiO_2 nanopills as a super stable anode for Na-ion batteries

Hierarchical porous TiO_2 nanopills were synthesized using a titanium metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) as precursor. The as-synthesized TiO_2 nanopills owned a large specific surface area of 102 m~2/g and unique porous structure. Furthermore, the obtained TiO_2 nanopills were applied as anode materials for Na-ion batteries for the first time. The as-synthesized TiO_2 nanopills achieved a high discharge capacity of 196.4 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. A discharge capacity of 115.9 mAh/g was obtained at a high current density of 0.5 A/g and the capacity retention was remained as high as 90% even after 3000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to its unique hierarchical porous feature.
Thyroid status of iodine deficient newborn infants living in central region of Turkey: a pilot study

Background: Iodine deficiency (ID) during the fetal and neonatal periods can lead to neonatal hypothyroidism. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ID on the thyroid hormone level of newborns living in Turkey. Methods: Between 1998 and 2013, 71 newborns with a urinary iodine concentration <100 μg/L were recruited into the study. Data on thyroid volume, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were collected from all newborns, and on breast milk iodine from their mothers. Infants who were classified as having congenital hypothyroidism (TSH >40 mU/L and fT4<8.5 pmol/L) were treated with levothyroxine (n=26, T group), while the remaining infants remained untreated (n=45, UT group). Thyroid hormones were subsequently measured 7-14 days later in a sub-sample of both treated and untreated infants. Results: The average values at the time of admission were as follows [median (min-max)]. fT3: 5.0 (2.8-7.1) pmol/L, fT4: 7.7 (0.13-19.1) pmol/L, TSH: 75 (14-426) mU/L, Tg: 464 (226-1100) ng/mL, urinary iodine concentration (UIC): 30 (0-61) μg/L, breast milk iodine levels: 21 (10-150) μg/L, thyroid ultrasound (USG): 1.10 (0.24-1.95) mL for the T group; and fT3: 5.7 (1.7-12.7) pmol/L, fT4: 16.2 (9.9-33.5) pmol/L, TSH: 5.4 (0.63-41.8) mU/L, Tg: 171 (15-2124) ng/mL, UIC: 39 (0-90) μg/L, breast milk iodine levels: 47 (10-120)μg/L, thyroid USG: 0.75 (0.35-1.72) mL for the UT group. A significant difference was found between groups in respect to fT3, fT4, TSH and Tg levels. No significant difference in thyroid ultrasonography, UIC, and breast milk iodine levels was found between the two groups. The Tg levels of 50 out of 71 patients were measured, 40 (80%) of whom had Tg levels above the normal range (101 ng/mL). Conclusions: In our country, despite the use of iodized salt, congenital hypothyroidism due to ID remains a problem. The Tg level of newborns can be used as a good indicator of ID.
Unsteady analysis of six-DOF motion of a 6:1 prolate spheroid in viscous fluid

Free-moving simulations of airplanes, submarines and other automobiles under extreme and emergency conditions are becoming increasingly important from operational and tactical perspectives. Such simulations are fairly challenging due to the extreme unsteady motions and high Re (Reynolds) numbers. The aim of this study is to perform a six-DOF motion simulation of a 6:1 prolate spheroid that is falling in a fluid field. Prior to conducting the six-DOF simulation, some verification simulations were performed. First, a laminar flow past an inclined prolate spheroid at a Re number of 1000 and incidence angle of 45◦ with a tetrahedral mesh was simulated to verify the relevant targeted discrete method for an unstructured mesh. Second, to verify the LES (large eddy simulation) models and dependent parameters for the DDES (delayed detached eddy simulation), a turbulent flow past a sphere was performed at a subcritical Re number of 10000. Third, a steady maneuvering problem about a prolate spheroid pitching up from 0◦ to 30◦ incidence at a uniform angular velocity was established based on a dynamic tetrahedral mesh with changing topology and the ALE (arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) method of fluid-structure coupling at a Re number of 4.2 × 10~6. Finally, two six-DOF motions of an inclined 6:1 prolate spheroid at an initial incidence of 45◦ were simulated at different Re numbers of 10000 and 4.2 × 10~6.
Model-independent determination on H_0 using the latest cosmic chronometer data

We perform the updated constraints on the Hubble constant H_0 by using the model-independent method, Gaussian processes. Utilizing the latest 30 cosmic chronometer measurements, we obtain H_0 = 67.38 ± 4.72 km s~(–1) Mpc~(–1), which is consistent with the Planck 2015 and Riess et al. analysis at 1σ confidence level. Different from the results of Busti et al. by only using 19 H(z) measurements, our reconstruction results of H(z) and the derived values of H_0 are insensitive to the concrete choice of covariance functions of Matern family.
Effect of blade tip geometry on tip leakage vortex dynamics and cavitation pattern in axial-flow pump

A series of blade tip geometries, including original plain tip, rounded tip on the pressure side and diverging tip towards the suction side, were adopted to investigate the effect of blade geometry on tip leakage vortex dynamics and cavitation pattern in an axial-flow pump. On the basis of the computation, it clearly shows the flow structure in the clearance for different tip configurations by the detailed data of axial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The in-plain trajectory, in aspects of the angle between the blade suction side and vortex core and the initial point of tip leakage vortex, was presented using the maximum swirling strength method. The most striking feature is that the inception location of tip leakage vortex is delayed for chamfered tip due to the change of blade loading on suction side. Some significant non-dimensional parameters, such as pressure, swirling strength and turbulent kinetic energy, were used to depict the characteristics of tip vortex core. By the distribution of circumferential vorticity which dominates the vortical flows near the tip region, it is observed that the endwall detachment as the leakage flow meets the mainstream varies considerably for tested cases. The present study also indicates that the shear layer feeds the turbulence into tip leakage vortex core, but the way is different. For the chamfered tip, high turbulence level in vortex core is mainly from the tip clearance where large turbulent kinetic energy emerges, while it is almost from a layer extending from the suction side corner for rounded tip. At last, the visualized observations show that tip clearance cavitation is eliminated dramatically for rounded tip but more intensive for chamfered tip, which can be associated with the vortex structure in the clearance.
Optimized photoluminescence of red phosphor K_2LiAlF_6:Mn~(4+) synthesized by a cation-exchange method

Red phosphor K_2LiAlF_6:Mn~(4+) has been synthesized by a cation-exchange method in HF solution. To optimize their optical properties, phosphors were synthesized using different reaction conditions. The K_2LiAlF_6:0.5%Mn~(4+) synthesized at 20°C for 4 h shows the highest luminescence intensity. The temperature-dependent emission intensity of the phosphor was investigated, and it was found to exhibit good thermal stability, making it a promising red phosphor candidate for warm WLEDs.
Mantle geochemistry: Insights from ocean island basalts

The geochemical study of the Earth's mantle provides important constraints on our understanding of the formation and evolution of Earth, its internal structure, and the mantle dynamics. The bulk Earth composition is inferred by comparing terrestrial mantle rocks with chondrites, which leads to the chondritic Earth model. That is, Earth has the same relative proportions of refractory elements as that in chondrites, but it is depleted in volatiles. Ocean island basalts (OIB) may be produced by mantle plumes with possible deep origins; consequently, they provide unique opportunity to study the deep Earth. Isotopic variations within OIB can be described using a limited number of mantle endmembers, such as EM1, EM2 and HIMU, and they have been used to decipher important mantle processes. Introduction of crustal material into the deep mantle via subduction and delamination is important in generating mantle heterogeneity; however, there is active debate on how they were sampled by mantle melting, i.e., the role of olivine-poor lithologies in the OIB petrogenesis. The origin and location of high ~3He/~4He mantle remain controversial, ranging from unprocessed (or less processed) primitive material in the lower mantle to highly processed materials with shallow origins, including ancient melting residues, mafic cumulates under arcs, and recycled hydrous minerals. Possible core-mantle interaction was hypothesized to introduce distinctive geochemical signatures such as radiogenic ~(186)Os and Fe and Ni enrichment in the OIB. Small but important variations in some short-lived nuclides, including ~(142)Nd, ~(182)W and several Xe isotopes, have been reported in ancient and modern terrestrial rocks, implying that the Earth's mantle must have been differentiated within the first 100 Myr of its formation, and the mantle is not efficiently homogenized by mantle convection.
A study of parameter uncertainties causing uncertainties in modeling a grassland ecosystem using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method

In this paper, we apply the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to the parameter (CNOP-P) to study parameter uncertainties that lead to the stability (maintenance or degradation) of a grassland ecosystem. The maintenance of the grassland ecosystem refers to the unchanged or increased quantity of living biomass and wilted biomass in the ecosystem, and the degradation of the grassland ecosystem refers to the reduction in the quantity of living biomass and wilted biomass or its transformation into a desert ecosystem. Based on a theoretical five-variable grassland ecosystem model, 32 physical model parameters are selected for numerical experiments. Two types of parameter uncertainties could be obtained. The first type of parameter uncertainty is the linear combination of each parameter uncertainty that is computed using the CNOP-P method. The second type is the parameter uncertainty from multi-parameter optimization using the CNOP-P method. The results show that for the 32 model parameters, at a given optimization time and with greater parameter uncertainty, the patterns of the two types of parameter uncertainties are different. The different patterns represent physical processes of soil wetness. This implies that the variations in soil wetness (surface layer and root zone) are the primary reasons for uncertainty in the maintenance or degradation of grassland ecosystems, especially for the soil moisture of the surface layer. The above results show that the CNOP-P method is a useful tool for discussing the abovementioned problems.
A preliminary study of rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan leucogranite belts, South Tibet

The Himalayan leucogranite occurs as two extensive (>1000 km) E-W trending belts on the Tibetan Plateau with the unique features. The leucogranite comprised biotite granite, two-mica/muscovite granite, tourmaline granite and garnet granite, which have been identified in previous studies, as well as albite granite and granitic pegmatite that were identified in this investigation. Fifteen leucogranite plutons were studied and 12 were found to contain rare-metal bearing minerals such as beryl (the representative of Be mineralization), columbite-group minerals, tapiolite, pyrochlore-microlite, fergusonite, Nb-Ta rutile (the representative of Nb-Ta mineralization), and cassiterite (the representative of Sn mineralization) mainly based on the field trip, microscope observation and microprobe analysis. The preliminary result shows that the Himalayan leucogranite is commonly related to the rare-metal mineralization and warrants future investigation. Further exploration and intensive research work is important in determining the rare-metal resource potential of this area.
Genesis of the 2014-2016 El Nino events

The 2015/2016 El Nino was one of the strongest El Nino events in history, and this strong event was preceded by a weak El Nino in 2014. This study systematically analyzed the dynamical processes responsible for the genesis of these events. It was found that the weak 2014 El Nino had two warming phases, the spring-summer warming was produced by zonal advection and downwelling Kelvin waves driven by westerly wind bursts (WWBs), and the autumn-winter warming was produced by meridional advection, surface heating as well as downwelling Kelvin waves. The 2015/2016 extreme El Nino, on the other hand, was primarily a result of sustained zonal advection and downwelling Kelvin waves driven by a series of WWBs, with enhancement from the Bjerknes positive feedback. The vast difference between these two El Nino events mainly came from the different amount of WWBs in 2014 and 2015. As compared to the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 extreme El Nino events, the 2015/2016 El Nino exhibited some distinctive characteristics in its genesis and spatial pattern. We need to include the effects of WWBs to the theoretical framework of El Nino to explain these characteristics, and to improve our understanding and prediction of El Nino.
Influence of the replacement of alkoxyl with alkylthienyl on photovoltaic properties of two small molecule donors for organic solar cells

Two benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b¢]dithiophene(BDT)-based small molecule(SM)donor materials with identical conjugated backbones but different substitution groups, named as DRTB-O and DRTB-T, were well explored to demonstrate the influence of the replacement of alkoxy with alkylthienyl on their photovoltaic properties in fullerene-based and fullerene-free organic solar cells(OSCs). The study shows that the two SM donors possess similar absorption spectra and energy levels but different crystalline structures in solid films. The carrier transport property and phase separation morphologies of the blend films have also been fully investigated. By employing PC_(71)BM as the acceptor, the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of DRTB-O:PC_(71)BM and DRTB-T:PC_(71)BM based devices were 4.91% and 7.08%, respectively. However, by blending with IDIC, the two SM donors exhibited distinctly different photovoltaic properties in fullerene-free OSCs, and the PCE of DRTB-O:IDIC and DRTB-T:IDIC based devices were 0.15% and 9.06%, respectively. These results indicate that the replacement of alkoxyl with alkylthienyl in designing SM donor materials plays an important role in the application of fullerene-free OSCs.
Abscisic acid negatively regulates post-penetration resistance of Arabidopsis to the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus

Pytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in defense responses. Nonetheless, how ABA regulates plant resistance to biotrophic fungi remains largely unknown. Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants, aba2-1 and aba3-1, displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Moreover, exogenously administered ABA increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to G. cichoracearum. Arabidopsis ABA perception components mutants, abi1-1 and abi2-1, also displayed similar phenotypes to ABA-deficient mutants in resistance to G. cichoracearum. However, the resistance to G. cichoracearum is not changed in downstream ABA signaling transduction mutants, abi3-1, abi4-1, and abi5-1. Microscopic examination revealed that hyphal growth and conidiophore production of G. cichoracearum were compromised in the ABA deficient mutants, even though pre-penetration and penetration growth of the fungus were not affected. In addition, salicylic acid (SA) and MPK3 are found to be involved in ABA-regulated resistance to G. cichoracearum. Our work demonstrates that ABA negatively regulates post-penetration resistance of Arabidopsis to powdery mildew fungus G. cichoracearum, probably through antagonizing the function of SA.
The inviscid limit for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in the critical Besov space

We prove that in dimensions three and higher the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with small initial data in the critical Besov space is globally well-posed in a uniform way with respect to the Gilbert damping parameter. Then we show that the global solution converges to that of the Schrodinger maps in the natural space as the Gilbert damping term vanishes. The proof is based on some studies on the derivative Ginzburg-Landau equations.
A tracing of the fractional temperature field

This paper is devoted to a study of L~q -tracing of the fractional temperature field u(t, x)—the weak solution of the fractional heat equation(∂_t +(– ∆_x)~α )u(t, x) = g(t, x) in L~p(R_+~(1+n)) subject to the initial temperature u(0, x) = f(x) in L~p(R~n ).
BRD和DOAS SO_2总量遥感反演算法的比对

大气中SO_2是一种对城市大气环境变化和全球辐射能量平衡有着重要影响的痕量气体. BRD(Band Residual Difference Algorithm)和DOAS(Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)算法是两种主要的SO_2总量遥感反演算法,分别被用于美国和欧洲不同卫星载荷数据的SO_2反演.然而,目前缺少两种算法在相同观测条件下SO_2反演的精度比较及不确定性分析、在物理数学反演机制上的差异追因.因此,本文基于相同的仿真模拟数据和卫星紫外辐射观测数据,反演获得不同大气状况下的BRD和DOAS SO_2总量并进行精度比较验证.从算法反演通道、O_3吸收、气溶胶、地表反射率和观测角度影响等方面,讨论分析BRD和DOAS反演结果差异及反演误差的原因.结果表明,在低浓度SO_2情况下, BRD反演SO_2总量更接近于正演输入SO_2总量, DOAS反演结果存在高估,但相对于BRD算法, DOAS算法长时间序列卫星反演结果更能表现出SO_2的季节变化特征;在高浓度SO_2情况下, BRD(310.8~314.4nm)和DOAS(315~327nm)反演结果的绝对值差异明显且存在低估, BRD(310.8~314.4nm)SO_2反演值及反演精度都低于DOAS(315~327nm)反演结果.基于高光谱分辨率大气辐射传输模型SCIATRAN的反演不确定性分析结果显示,反演通道选择、紫外O_3吸收、气溶胶、地表反射率和观测角度对SO_2总量反演精度的影响较大.本研究对于SO_2卫星遥感反演算法的改进及SO_2反演产品的应用具有重要的科学意义,也可促进中国未来大气成分SO_2卫星遥感产品的研发.
大陆地壳结构的气枪震源探测及其应用

利用人工震源主动向地下发射地震波可以实现地下结构的高精度探测.合适的震源是进行主动源探测的关键.为研究大陆地壳结构及其变化,我们从爆破、电火花、落锤、偏心振动源、重载列车行驶产生的震动、变频汽车震源(Vibroseis)、水体中气体激发等多种震源中,遴选出水体中气体激发的人工震源(以下简称气枪)作为研究大陆地壳结构的震源.这种气枪震源具有绿色、环保、安全、高效等优点,是进行大陆地壳结构探测的新型人工震源.近年来,利用气枪震源分别在云南宾川、新疆呼图壁和甘肃张掖建成了3个固定式地震信号发射台,并开展了连续数年的监测.我们发现了气枪震源产生地震波信号高度重复的特点,利用这种特点,新疆人工水体中激发的地震波,在5000次叠加之后信号则可以追踪到近1300km,可探测面积为600万km~2,深达60km的地下结构.如果把这种人工主动震源看成是一盏照亮地下结构的明灯的话,在中国大陆,建立10个激发地震波的发射台,可以对中国大陆960万km~2的国土进行长时间连续的全覆盖探查,实现“天上有北斗,地下有明灯”.
地球系统模式CESM1-BGC模拟的西北太平洋海气CO_2通量随季节演变的年际变率主导模态

海气CO_2通量的年际变率是气候学界关注的一个前沿问题.本文基于地球系统模式CESM1-BGC,采用季节依赖的经验正交函数分解(S-EOF)分析方法,研究了热带西北太平洋(0°~35°N, 110°E~150°E)海气CO_2通量随季节演变的年际变率主导模态.结果表明,该年际主导模态对应厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)从发展到衰减的演变过程.在El Nino发展年的夏季和秋季,海水CO_2分压的贡献略大于交换系数的贡献(即风速的贡献),两者共同作用使得西北太平洋吸收的CO_2增多.在El Nino成熟位相的冬季,西北太平洋异常反气旋建立,其西北侧的异常西南风使得中国东南沿海及附近海域的风速减弱,从而降低交换系数,导致中国东南沿海及附近海域吸收的CO_2减少.随后的次年春季,西太平洋异常反气旋继续维持,但位置东移,西南风的异常减小了风蒸发进而增加了中国近海海水温度,从而引起海水CO_2分压增大,使得中国近海海域吸收的CO_2减少,这一影响超过了交换系数减少所带来的影响.
塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的成因模式

近20年来,塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省在各类火成岩的空间分布、时间序列、地球化学特征、地幔源区和岩浆演化等方面有了深入的认识,为揭示大火成岩省的成因模式和演化过程奠定了坚实的基础.本文将主要基于塔里木大火成岩省存在的两阶段岩浆产物,结合前期研究基础和前人研究成果,系统论证塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省成因的两阶段熔融模式.模式认为塔里木大火成岩省的形成与地幔柱活动有关,其地幔柱作用形式兼具“巴哈纳型”和“德干型”两种特点,即早期高热的地幔柱引起了岩石圈地幔的低程度部分熔融,后期地幔柱上升绝热减压引起地幔柱自身部分熔融.在早期熔融事件中,地幔柱主要表现为上部岩石圈熔融所需的热供给,后期熔融过程中地幔柱成为熔融发生的主要场所和物质供给源.第一阶段喷发的两类玄武岩具有高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr、低~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd的同位素特征,富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,为富集的大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,具有“巴哈纳型”特征;而第二阶段产出的基性-超基性侵入岩具有相对两类玄武岩较低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,较高的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值,为地幔热柱熔融的产物,具有“德干型”特征.其中第一阶段,可细分为Group1和Group2两类玄武岩, Group2玄武岩相对Group1玄武岩具有较低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,较高的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值. Group2玄武岩显示连接Group1玄武岩和第二阶段岩浆作用的过渡类型特征,表明塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省是地幔柱与岩石圈地幔持续相互作用的结果.关于塔里木大火成岩省成因模式的研究有助于增进对塔里木大火成岩省岩浆作用、深部地质过程和地球动力学过程的全面认识,有利于丰富大火成岩省的成因理论和地幔柱活动理论.
塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁沙尘起沙、传输和沉降的对比研究

塔克拉玛干沙漠(Taklimakan Desert, TD)和戈壁沙漠(Gobi Desert, GD)是东亚两个最主要的沙尘源区,对区域甚至全球的能量收支、生态系统及水循环过程都有非常重要的影响.本文利用WRF-Chem模式(The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry)对比研究了2007~2011年不同季节TD和GD地区的起沙、传输以及沉降情况,探讨了TD和GD地区对整个东亚地区沙尘的贡献.研究结果表明,地形、海拔高度、热力条件以及环流条件的差异导致了两大沙源区在沙尘释放、抬升能力以及远距离输送等方面均有很大不同. GD地区地形平坦,海拔高度相对较高,上空位于南北两支急流汇合处,高空风速大,深厚的对流混合促使高空急流下沉支将更多的高空动量不断下传到对流层中层,导致GD地区中低层风力增大,有利于GD沙尘的垂直抬升.因此,在强西风急流的作用下, GD沙尘容易进行远距离输送,是东亚地区最主要的沙尘贡献区域.春、夏季节GD沙尘传输量分别约占起沙量的35%和31%. TD在东亚地区的起沙能力最强,春季起沙通量为70.54Tg a~(–1),占东亚地区起沙的42%.然而, TD地区身处盆地、三面环山,且近地面多以东风为主,沙漠上空风速较小,因此TD地区不利于沙尘传输,大量沙尘在扬起后又重新沉降到地表(总沉降量约为40g m~(–2)).只有当TD沙尘抬升到4km以上才能进入西风带开始远距离输送,对整个东亚地区沙尘的贡献相对较小,春、夏季节TD沙尘传输量分别约占起沙量的25%和23%.
全新世气候渐变导致中亚地区植被突变

理解过去生态系统对气候变化的响应是评估未来气候变化影响的关键.在全新世气候逐渐变化背景下,萨赫勒-撒哈拉生态系统经历了由萨瓦拉到荒漠的突变.这样的非线性响应现象是否具有普遍意义仍需深入研究.本研究基于38个高质量的化石孢粉记录,系统分析了全新世中亚地区植被与气候的关系.结果显示全新世中亚地区的植被发生了两次大的突变,一次在早全新世(突变Ⅰ, “建立式”突变),另一次在晚全新世(突变 Ⅱ, “崩溃式”突变),全新世中期则较稳定.然而这些植被突变无法与任何已知的气候突变事件相关联,并且不同区域发生植被转型的时间表现出异步性,显示出与当地降水量变化密切相关.这些植被突变可归因于植被响应轨道驱动的气候渐变的阈值效应.早全新世在轨道驱动下降水量增加,较湿润的区域首先达到植被“建立”的阈值,而在较干旱的区域明显较晚才达到该阈值.与之相反,晚全新世时在轨道驱动下降水量降低,首先在较干旱的区域达到阈值,导致植被“崩溃”,而在较湿润地区延后达到阈值.另外, 4.2kyr BP左右的干旱事件以及人类活动干扰对植被的崩溃退化也起到了一定的作用.上述认识得到了现代孢粉-气候关系分析以及生态系统模拟结果的支持.这些结果暗示未来气候变化一旦达到阈值将导致干旱生态系统产生突变.
松墨天牛对共生真菌和病原真菌的差异性免疫响应

在中国,入侵生物松材线虫进行传播的主要媒介昆虫松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)可与一种中国本地蓝变真菌Sporothrix sp. 1建立体外共生关系.然而在天牛和真菌共生互作过程中,松墨天牛对蓝变菌S. sp. 1的免疫响应却未见报道.因此,本文通过比较体外共生真菌S. sp. 1和昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)感染松墨天牛蛹所产生的免疫反应,发现天牛对两种菌的免疫应答方式具有显著性差异.将真菌注射到刚化蛹的天牛体内, S. sp. 1感染的天牛不会死亡, B. bassiana感染的天牛则全部死亡.转录组测序结果显示, B. bassiana感染48 h后的松墨天牛的差异表达基因数量是S. sp. 1感染的2倍.值得注意的是,在体外共生真菌感染的松墨天牛免疫系统中起主导作用的是Toll和IMD信号通路;而在昆虫病原真菌感染松墨天牛后,只有Toll信号通路上调表达.此外,体外共生真菌S. sp. 1在感染天牛48 h后可通过下调天牛的Toll通路和IMD通路来产生免疫逃避.本研究提供了松墨天牛转录组全测序数据,为后续松墨天牛和其相关真菌互作研究提供了基础.
Anomalies in (semi)-leptonic B decays B~± →τ~± ν, B~± →Dτ~± ν and B~± →D~∗ τ~± ν, and possible resolution with sterile neutrino

The universality of the weak interactions can be tested in semileptonic b→c transitions, and in particular in the ratios R(D~((∗)) ) ≡ Γ (B → D~((∗)) τν)/Γ (B → D~((∗)) lν) (where l = µ or e). Due to the recent differences between the experimental measurements of these observables by BaBar, Belle and LHCb on the one hand and the Standard Model predicted values on the other hand, we study the predicted ratios R(D ~((∗)) )=Γ (B→D~((∗)) τ+“missing”)/Γ (B→D~((∗)) lν) in scenarios with an additional sterile heavy neutrino of mass ~1 GeV. Further, we evaluate the newly defined ratio R(0)≡Γ (B→τ+“missing”)/Γ (B→µν) in such scenarios, in view of the future possibilities of measuring the quantity at Belle-II.
Longitudinal Alterations of Local Spontaneous Brain Activity in Parkinson's Disease

We used resting-state fMRI to evaluate longitudinal alterations in local spontaneous brain activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) over a 2-year period. Data were acquired from 23 PD patients at baseline and follow-up, and 27 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) were used to identify differences in local spontaneous brain activity and grey matter volume. With disease progression, we observed a progressive decrease in ReHo in the sensorimotor cortex, default-mode network, and left cerebellum, but increased ReHo in the supplementary motor area, bilateral temporal gyrus, and hippocampus. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the rates of ReHo change in the left cerebellum and the rates of change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III scores. VBM revealed no significant differences in the grey matter volume among the three sets of acquisitions. We conclude that ReHo may be a suitable non-invasive marker of progression in PD.