mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
脉瓣卫矛种子育苗关键技术研究

脉瓣卫矛是一种比较有发展前景的绿化造林树种,为了更好地开发和利用这一植物资源,试验分别研究了种子处理方式、播种量、播种深度、育苗季节、育苗基质对种子育苗和植株生长发育的影响。结果发现: 脉瓣卫矛种子育苗时,冷水浸种是最佳的种子处理方法;适宜的播种量为15 g /m~2 ; 适宜播种深度在1 ~ 1. 5 cm 之间;春、秋2个季节都是脉瓣卫矛种子育苗的最佳季节;疏松、肥沃、有机质含量高的土壤有利于脉瓣卫矛种苗的生长发育。
兴安百里香播种繁殖研究

对兴安百里香(Thymus dahuricus Serg.)种子特性及播种繁殖进行了研究。兴安百里香果实为小坚果,俗称种子,圆形、黑褐色,千粒重为3. 245 g。在园土∶ 草炭= 1 ∶ 1和草炭∶ 蛭石= 3 ∶ 1两种基质中的播种发芽率较高,分别达到68. 9% 和78. 2%;覆土厚度在0. 3 ~ 0. 5 cm 最佳,深于1. 0 cm 会降低种子发芽率。播种前应去掉宿存花萼,揉搓取出饱满种子,直接撒播在基质上,发芽率明显高于未去掉花萼的种子,约高32. 5%。
山葵种子的活力测定研究

利用正交试验设计方法,探究浸种水温、浸种时间和清洗间隔时间对山葵种子活力的影响,确定山葵种子活力测定的最佳条件。结果表明,3种因素对山葵种子活力影响的顺序为浸种水温>浸种时间>清洗间隔时间,山葵种子在15 ℃蒸馏水中浸泡30 h,其间每隔4. 5 h 清洗1次种子,然后在35 ℃下用TTC 染色法对种子进行活力测定,在此处理条件下测得的山葵种子活力为74. 4%。
珍稀树种花榈木种子繁殖生态学特性与濒危的关系

对贵州分布的珍稀濒危树种花榈木结实特性、种子物理特性、传播特性、土壤种子库及萌发特性进行了研究,以期从种子繁殖生态学角度探讨其濒危的原因。结果表明: 花榈木荚果出种率低,空室率达51. 3%,在种室中正常发育的种子,受虫害率达到45. 3%; 花榈木种子千粒重范围为372. 3 ~ 455. 4 g,因种粒大而鲜艳,种子主要散布在母树3 ~ 7 m 范围内; 花榈木种子的输出主要受动物取食,没有腐烂粒,土壤种子库中能够保存完好的为26. 7%。由于受种皮机械障碍和种皮抑制物质的制约,种子在自然条件下萌发率低,仅为16%。花榈木繁殖力低(1. 6),仅为理想繁殖力的1. 8%。研究认为多因素导致的繁殖力低是花榈木物种濒危的重要原因之一。
HPLC-DAD 法同时测定复方栀子柏皮汤中8种有效成分的含量

目的: 采用HPLC-DAD 法建立同时测定栀子柏皮汤中栀子苷、甘草苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ、盐酸药根碱、西红花苷-Ⅱ、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱和甘草酸8种有效成分含量的方法。方法: 采用Agilent TC-C_(18)(4. 6 mm × 250mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相A 为乙腈,B 为0. 2%磷酸水溶液,流速为0. 8 mL/min,梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃。应用DAD检测器确定各成分的最佳检测波长。结果: 各成分均能有效检出且分离度良好。栀子苷、甘草苷和甘草酸最佳检测波长为238 nm,盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱最佳检测波长265 nm,西红花苷-Ⅰ、西红花苷-Ⅱ最佳检测波长440 nm。结论: 利用HPLC-DAD 法可同时测定栀子柏皮汤中8种有效成分的含量,该法简便可靠,重现性好,可为复方栀子柏皮汤的质量控制与评价提供新的方法。
Size distribution, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in haze episod in Beijing

Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM_(2.5) indicates it is an effective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM_(2.5) controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health effect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are: Pb (62.1%) > As (58.1%) > Cd (57.9%) > Zn (57.7%) > Cu (55.8%) > Ni (53.5%) > Cr (52.2%) > Mn (49.2%) > V (43.5%). Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO_4~(2-) etc., and four factors (dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown) are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.
Wintertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the megacity Beijing: Role of photochemical and meteorological processes

Previous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in Asian megacities were scarce and mainly conducted for relative short periods in summer. Here, we present and analyze the measurements of PAN, O_3, NOx, etc., made at an urban site (CMA) in Beijing from 25 January to 22 March 2010. The hourly concentration of PAN averaged 0.70 × 10~(-9) mol/mol (0.23 × 10~(-9)-3.51 × 10~(-9) mol/mol) and was well correlated with that of NO_2 but not O_3, indicating that the variations of the winter concentrations of PAN and O_3 in urban Beijing are decoupled with each other. Wind conditions and transport of air masses exert very significant impacts on O_3, PAN, and other species. Air masses arriving at the site originated either from the boundary layer over the highly polluted N-S-W sector or from the free troposphere over the W-N sector. The descending free-tropospheric air was rich in O_3, with an average PAN/O_3 ratio smaller than 0.031, while the boundary layer air over the polluted sector contained higher levels of PAN and primary pollutants, with an average PAN/O_3 ratio of 0.11. These facts related with transport conditions can well explain the observed PAN-O_3 decoupling. Photochemical production is important to PAN in the winter over Beijing. The concentration of the peroxyacetyl (PA) radical was estimated to be in the range of 0.0014 × 10~(-12)-0.0042 × 10~(-12) mol/mol. The contributions of the formation reaction and thermal decomposition to PAN’s variation were calculated and found to be significant even in the colder period in air over Beijing, with the production exceeding the decomposition.
Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone (O_3), NO_2 and total oxidant (Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O_3 concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O_3 increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO_2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories - rural stations (non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O_3 concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO_2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O_3 concentrations in springtime (13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O_3 production is mainly volatile organic compounds (VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O_3 production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O_3 pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O_3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O_3 pollution control.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy: roles in disease and aging

This review focuses on chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), one of the proteolytic systems that contributes to degradation of intracellular proteins in lysosomes. CMA substrate proteins are selectively targeted to lysosomes and translocated into the lysosomal lumen through the coordinated action of chaperones located at both sides of the membrane and a dedicated protein translocation complex. The selectivity of CMA permits timed degradation of specific proteins with regulatory purposes supporting a modulatory role for CMA in enzymatic metabolic processes and subsets of the cellular transcriptional program. In addition, CMA contributes to cellular quality control through the removal of damaged or malfunctioning proteins. Here, we describe recent advances in the understanding of the molecular dynamics, regulation and physiology of CMA, and discuss the evidence in support of the contribution of CMA dysfunction to severe human disorders such as neurodegeneration and cancer.
Generating rats with conditional alleles using CRISPR/Cas9

The rat is an important laboratory model and has many advantages over mouse models especially in toxicology and pharmacology studies. Several genome-editing technologies, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system, have been used to produce knockout rat models by generating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) followed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair. However, the simple knockout strategies have limits for studying genes that are critical for embryogenesis. Conditional gene inactivation can circumvent this limitation and offers potentials to dissect the roles of such genes in specific tissues or developmental processes. Conditional gene modification is usually achieved by using the Cre/loxP system to inactivate a loxP-flanked (floxed) allele via Cre/loxP-mediated recombination. A recent report demonstrated that rats carrying a floxed gene can be successfully produced via microinjection of 2 pairs of ZFNs and 2 plasmid donors into fertilized eggs. In comparison with ZFNs or TALENs, CRISPR/ Cas9 provides a simpler way to edit the eukaryotic genome even in a multiplex manner. Recently, mice carrying conditional alleles have been generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here, we extend the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and report an effective strategy to generate rats with conditional alleles.
心肌肥厚模型建立方法的研究进展

目的:归纳总结心肌肥厚模型的建立方法。方法:以“心肌肥厚”等为关键词,查阅1991年1月至2013年3月中国知网和PubMed数据库中关于心肌肥厚模型的相关文献,根据诱发心肌肥厚的不同因素,分别从细胞水平和动物水平对建立心肌肥厚模型的方法及评价指标和方法进行综述。结果与结论:建立心肌细胞肥大模型的方法多数是通过分离并培养Wistar/SD 大鼠的乳鼠心室肌细胞,并在此基础上给予不同药物刺激来诱导细胞肥大;建立动物心肌肥厚模型的方法有皮下或静脉注射肾上腺素类药物和手术两种。细胞水平建模的方法具有细胞专属性,能够排除成纤维细胞的影响;药物诱导动物心肌肥厚模型操作简单,能够模拟肾上腺素分泌量增加导致心肌肥厚的病理过程;手术主要是通过缓慢的病理变化模拟心肌肥厚,更接近真实病理过程。评价心肌肥厚模型建立方法的指标主要有全心质量指数和左心室质量指数,评价方法有心脏超声、免疫组化及Marker 蛋白分析法。选择适宜的建模方法并进行正确评价,可为药物干预心肌肥厚疾病的基础研究提供科学的依据。
中药制剂质量控制研究的发展趋势

目的:探讨中药制剂质量控制研究的发展趋势。方法:查阅近年有关中药制剂质量控制研究的相关文献,对其研究现状进行评述,总结与归纳中药制剂质量控制的新技术和新方法。结果:目前以单一化学指标成分为中心的质量控制模式已不适合中药现代化发展要求,而以多指标成分和生物活性测定的质量控制模式成为其新的发展趋势。结论:多指标成分和生物活性测定的质量控制模式能较为真实地反映中药制剂的“内在”“综合”质量,能更好地确保民众用药安全、有效。
不能承受的生命之“重”-减重面面观

近一个多世纪以来,随着经济的发展与城市化进程的加速,全球范围内肥胖症的发病率不断攀升,已成为威胁现代社会公共健康最主要的非传染性流行疾病之一。流行病学资料显示,从1980年到2008年,全球平均BMI男性每10年增加了0.4 kg/m~2,而女性则增加了0.5 kg/m~2.28年间,全球肥胖症人群从6.4%增加到12.0%,而超重人群则从24.6%到34.4%。我国最新的肥胖和代谢综合征(MS)调查结果显示,我国成人超重和肥胖的患病率男性分别为33.7%和13.7%,女性分别为29.2%和10.7%。预计到2015年,全球超重人数将达23亿人,肥胖者将超过7亿,其中有37.4%的人为60岁及以上人群。肥胖人群的剧增,伴随着2型糖尿病(T2DM)、心血管疾病、肿瘤等慢性病的高发,并由此带来的致死率和致残率的增加,将给社会和个人及其家庭带来沉重的经济负担。
Non-vascularized fibular graft for distal radial reconstruction: 42 years follow-up

The distal radius is the third most common site for giant cell tumors of bone. This tumor is known to be very locally aggressive and recurs in situ quite frequently after excision. En bloc resection, removing a wide margin through normal tissue planes, ensures the lowest rate of recurrence. Wrist arthroplasty using the fibular head as a non-vascularized graft has been established as one of the procedures of choice because of its similarity in shape to the distal radius. Several articles have reported satisfactory functional results after reconstruction. However, the longest follow-ups available so far were all less than 20 years, and few articles focused on the radiographic changes of the carpus.
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a better cell source for nervous system regeneration

Background In order to suggest an ideal source of adult stem cells for the treatment of nervous system diseases, MSCs from human adipose tissue and bone marrow were isolated and studied to explore the differences with regard to cell morphology, surface markers, neuronal differentiation capacity, especially the synapse structure formation and the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Methods The neuronal differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (hADSCs) and bone marrow (hBMSCs) was determined based on nissl body and synapse structure formation, and neural factor secretion function. hADSCs and hBMSCs were isolated and differentiated into neuron-like cells with rat brain-conditioned medium, a potentially rich source of neuronal differentiation promoting signals. Specific neuronal proteins and neural factors were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, respectively. Results Flow cytometric analysis showed that both cell types had similar phenotypes. Cell growth curves showed that hADSCs proliferated more quickly than hBMSCs. Both kinds of cells were capable of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The morphology of hADSCs and hBMSCs changed during neuronal differentiation and displayed neuronlike cell appearance after 14 days’ differentiation. Both hADSCs and hBMSCs were able to differentiate into neuron-like cells based on their production of neuron specific proteins including β-tubulin-III, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), nissl bodies, and their ability to secrete brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Assessment of synaptop hysin and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) suggested synapse structure formation in differentiated hADSCs and hBMSCs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that hADSCs have neuronal differentiation potential similar to hBMSC, but with a higher proliferation capacity than hBMSC. Adipose tissue is abundant, easily available and would be a potential ideal source of adult stem cells for neural-related clinical research and application.
Morphometric measurement of the patella on 3D model reconstructed from CT scan images for the southern Chinese population

Background Due to racial differences in the morphology of the knee joint and due to most prostheses available in the market being designed using measurements from Caucasians, the objective of this study was to provide the morphometric data of the patella for the southern Chinese population for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patellar resurfacing, and prostheses design. Methods The CT slices of the knee joint were obtained from both knees of 40 Chinese volunteers (20 females, 20 males, and age from 20–25 years) by performing a computer tomographic scan. A 3D model was reconstructed by Mimics software based on the computed tomography images. Six metrical characteristics were measured by digital ruler. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS statistical program. Results The mean, standard deviation and P values of measurements and ratios were calculated using SPSS. All dimensions showed a significant gender difference with P<0.05, but the six variables of the left and right knees had no statistical significance with P>0.05. In addition, we studied the relationship between six couples (H-W, H-T, H-HAF, W-T, W-HAF, T-HAF) of the four variables (H: height, W: width, T: thickness and HAF: height of articulating facet) that were measured, which showed a significant correlation. Conclusions Examination of the southern Chinese population revealed that males have larger patellae than women. In both genders, comparing data between left and right knees shows no statistically significant difference. Compared with Westerners in previous studies, the patella in our study was thin and small. There was a good linear regression correlation between measurements of the patella. The indirect measurement method on 3D models makes it easy to obtain anatomical data, and the results can provide a region and gender specific database for morphometric measurements of the patella, and can be helpful for designing implants suited for southern Chinese patients.
Biomechanical effects of bone cement volume on the endplates of augmented vertebral body: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Background Previous studies have suggested that percutaneous vertebroplasty might alter vertebral stress transfer, leading to adjacent vertebral failure. However, no three-dimensional finite element study so far accounted for the stress distributions on different cement volumes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distributions on the endplate under different loading conditions after augmentation with various volumes of bone cement. Methods L2–L3 motion segment data were obtained from CT scans of the lumbar spine from a cadaver of a young man who had no abnormal findings on roentgenograms. Three-dimensional model of L2–L3 was established using Mimics software, and finite element model of L2–L3 functional spinal unit (FSU) was established using Ansys10.0 software. For simulating percutaneous vertebral augmentation, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was deposited into the bipedicle of the L2 vertebra. The percentage of PMMA volume varied between 15% and 30%. The stress distributions on the endplate of the augmented vertebral body were calculated under three different loading conditions. Results In general, the stress level monotonically increased with bone cement volume. Under each loading condition, the stress change on the L2 superior and inferior endplates in three kinds of finite element models shows monotonic increase. Compared with the stress-increasing region of the endplate, the central part of the L2 endplate was subject to the greatest stress under three kinds of loading conditions, especially on the superior endplate and under flexion. Conclusions The finite element models of FSU are useful to optimize the planning for vertebroplasty. The bone cement volume might have an influence on the endplate of the augmentation, especially the superior endplate. It should be noted that the optimization of bone cement volume is patient specific; the volume of the bone cement should be based on the size, body mineral density, and stiffness of the vertebrae of individual patients.
Normal blood D-dimer concentrations: do they exclude pulmonary embolism?

Background Although pulmonary embolism (PE) with normal blood D-dimer (DD) concentrations is considered rare, in practice the incidence may be greater than is generally believed. Overlooking PE is potentially dangerous. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence and clinical features of PE with normal DD concentrations. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 29 patients with PE and normal DD concentrations from the past seven years. We here compare relevant clinical characteristics of these patients with those of patients with PE and abnormal DD concentrations. We evaluated the probabilities of differences by computing pretest probability scores (Wells score and revised Geneva score). Results The frequency of normal DD concentrations in patients with PE was 4%. Previous episode(s) of PE were more common in patients with normal DD concentrations than in those with abnormal DD concentrations (P=0.001). Fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea occurred less frequently in the former group (P<0.05) and time between onset of symptoms and DD testing was longer (P=0.001). The diagnosis of PE was delayed in 22 of the 29 cases. Nineteen and seven cases with normal DD concentrations were classified according to pretest scores as intermediate and low risk, respectively. Conclusions PE with normal DD concentrations is uncommon. Although most diagnoses of PE are ruled out by normal DD values, a small number of cases with PE are missed. A combination of pretest probability score and normal DD concentration increases the probability of making the correct diagnosis, but cannot completely exclude patients with suspected PE. When the clinical manifestations cannot be otherwise explained, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of PE with normal DD concentrations in patients with previous episode(s) of PE or a long interval between onset of symptoms and DD testing.
Interannual variations in energy conversion and interaction between the mesoscale eddy field and mean flow in the Kuroshio south of Japan

Using 19-year satellite altimetric data, variations in the eddy kinetic energy, energy exchanges and interaction between the eddy field and mean flow are discussed for the Kuroshio south of Japan. In the seasonal cycle, the eddy kinetic energy level is a minimum in December/January and a maximum in April/May. In addition to seasonal variations, the eddy kinetic energy undergoes interannual changes. The energy transfers mainly from the mean flow to the eddy field in the Kuroshio south of Japan, and dominant energy exchanges mainly occur along the Kuroshio path south of Japan in each year from 1993 to 2011. In addition, there is often barotropic instability south of Honshu. Regarding interactions between the eddy field and mean flow, cyclonic and anticyclonic accelerations are also found along the Kuroshio path and they flank each other. There is cyclonic acceleration always imposed on southeast of Kyushu, and anticyclonic acceleration dominates south of Honshu from 2001 to mid-2005. Reynolds stress is used to explain the dynamic process of energy exchange. Furthermore, lag-correlation and linear regression analysis show that variability of the energy conversion rate and Reynolds stress involve responses to eddy acceleration at two time scales. The enhanced eddy acceleration induces large Reynolds stress, and enhanced Reynolds stress or barotropic instability further enforces energy transfer from the mean flow to the eddy field.
Effects of rice straw on the cell viability, photosynthesis, and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

Rice straw is supposed to be an environment-friendly biomaterial for inhibiting the growth of harmful blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, its potential mechanism is not well known. To explore this mechanism, the growth, cell viability (esterase activity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity), photosynthesis, and cell size of M. aeruginosa were determined using flow cytometry and Phyto-PAM after exposure to rice straw extracts (RSE). The results show that doses from 2.0 to 10.0 g/L of RSE efficiently inhibited the alga for 15 days, while the physiologic and morphologic responses of the cyanobacteria were time-dependent. RSE interfered with the cell membrane potential, cell size, and in vivo chlorophyll - a fluorescence on the first day. After 7 days of exposure, RSE was transported into the cytosol, which disrupted enzyme activity and photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria then started to repair its physiology (enzyme activity, photosynthesis) and remained viable, suggesting that rice straw act as an algistatic agent.
First-Principles Study of Geometries, Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Ca_2Si_n (n = 1–11) Clusters

The equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of Ca_2Si_n (n = 1–11) clusters have been systematically investigated by using the density function theory at the 6-311G (d) level. The optimized geometries indicate that the most stable isomers have three-dimensional structures for n = 3–11. The electronic properties of Ca_2Si_n(n = 1–11) clusters are obtained through the analysis of the natural charge population, natural electron configuration, vertical ionization potential, and vertical electron affinity. The results show that the charges in corresponding Ca_2Si_n clusters transfer from the Ca atoms to the Si_n host. Based on the obtained lowest-energy geometries, the size dependence of cluster properties, such as averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies, second-order energy differences, HOMOLUMO gaps and chemical hardness, are deeply discussed.
On New Similarity Solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli System

In the present work, the new exact solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system have been found. The system has extensive physical background. The exact solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system are investigated using similarity transformation method via Lie group theory. Lie symmetry generators are used for constructing similarity variables for the given system of partial differential equations, which lead to the new system of partial differential equations with one variable less at each step and eventually to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Finally, these ODEs are solved exactly. The exact solutions are obtained under some parametric restrictions. The elastic behavior of the soliton solutions is shown graphically by taking some appropriate choices of the arbitrary functions involved in the solutions.