mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Adhesive Materials from Natural Acids and Sugars with Tough and Organic Solvent-Resistant Adhesion

Natural adhesives have been widely replaced by industrial adhesives made from petroleum-based products. Compared with that of traditional natural adhesives,modern industrial adhesives show improved adhesion performance. However, the drawbacks of modern adhesives, including toxicity and nonbiodegradability,drive the need for new and high-performance adhesive materials from renewable and biocompatible natural feedstock. In this study, a new family of acid-sugar adhesive materials exhibiting excellent and long-term adhesion effects was developed inspired by the concept of deep eutectic solvents(DESs). The supramolecular polymerization between natural sugars and acids gave rise to both strong cohesion and adhesion properties. Moreover, high resistance to organic solvents is an advantage of acid-sugar supramolecular adhesive materials. This study not only dramatically expands the applications of DESs but also sheds light on the development of supramolecular adhesive materials as promising alternatives to polymeric adhesives.
Nanoparticles: Untying the Gordian Knot in Conventional Computed Tomography Imaging

X-ray computed tomography(CT) imaging plays an essential role in disease diagnosis due to its noninvasive, painless mode and superior penetration depth. However, the resolution of the soft tissue and minor lesions remains limited. And the disadvantages of conventional contrast agents, such as their inefficient targeting capability, poor biocompatibility, and short circulation times, are considered intractable in clinical use. To overcome these "Gordian knots," nanoparticles(NPs) for CT imaging have been developed. The advantages of NPs are their exceptionally high sensitivity to X-ray, better imaging performance in vivos and even therapeutic effects. In particular, based on various designs, NP contrast agents composed of different materials integrate multiple imaging modalities, make up for the inadequacy of a single imaging type, and thus provide more accurate information for diagnosis. This review focuses on NPs for X-ray CT imaging and their multifunctional designs. Some perspectives of crucial problems and prospective challenges are also discussed.
Facile Synthesis of Aryl-Substituted Cycloarenes via Bismuth(lll) Triflate-Catalyzed Cyclization of Vinyl Ethers

Cycloarenes are an essential class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with unique electronic structure, but their synthesis is very challenging. Herein, we report a facile synthetic strategy primarily involving macrocyclization by the Suzuki coupling reaction, followed by bismuth(lll) triflate-catalyzed cyclization of vinyl ethers. By utilizing this approach, aryl-substituted soluble cycloarenes 7 and 8 with different sizes were obtained. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed a slightly distorted backbone in the kekulene derivative 7 and a saddle-shaped skeleton in the octulene derivative 8. Bond length analysis suggested that both of the cycloarenes mainly complied with the Clar's bonding model with dominant local aromaticity, which was also in accord with our NMR measurements and the theoretical calculations [nucleus-independent chemical shift [NICS], anisotropy of the induced current density(ACID), three-dimensional isochemical shielding surface(3D ICSS)]. The optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements. Our method opens opportunities to access various expanded and core-modified cycloarenes in the future.
Nonstoichiometric Yttrium Hydride-Promoted Reversible Hydrogen Storage in a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier

N-Ethylcarbazole (NEC) is one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), but its application is limited by sluggish kinetics due to lack of high-efficiency, low-cost catalysts. This work reports a cobalt (Co)-based catalyst promoted by nonstoichiometric yttrium hydride (YH_(3-X)) to achieve high-efficiency, reversible hydrogen storage in NEC, with >5.5 wt % reversible hydrogen storage capacity could be achieved below 473 K, and with good kinetics. The YH_(3-x)-promoted Co-based catalyst is the first non-noble metal catalyst with high activity for NEC hydrogenation and 12H-NEC dehydrogenation reactions. A mechanistic study suggests that YH_(3-X) facilitates the reversible hydrogen transfer both in the hydrogenation and the dehydrogenation reactions. The nonstoichiometric YH_(3-X) contained both lattice H and H vacancies with tunable H chemical potential serve as the H donor and H acceptor for reversible hydrogen transfer. Our results support the practical application of LOHCs and inspire new approaches for the utilization of conventional metal hydrides to promote versatile H transfer reactions.
Thermodynamic Insights of Base Flipping in TNA Duplex: Force Fields, Salt Concentrations, and Free-Energy Simulation Methods

Threofuranosyl nucleic acid (TNA) is an analogue of DNA with a shift in the internucleotide linkages from the wild-type 5'-to-3' direction to 3'-to-2.' This alteration leads to higher chemical stability, less reactive groups, and lower conformational flexibility. Experimental observations indicate that these characteristic changes are attributable to a minimal perturbation of the interaction network, but the thermodynamic stability of the duplex remains unaltered in the TNA mutation. We applied the equilibrium and nonequilibrium free-energy simulations employing three popular assisted model building with energy refinement (AMBER) force fields for nucleotides to investigate this mutation-dependent behavior in the base flipping from T (DNA) residue to the T-to-TFT mutation (TNA) computationally. The force fields were performed similarly, as described in the base-paired state. However, after exploring the high-energy regions with free-energy simulations, we observed that these three force fields behaved differently. Previous reports conclude that the net-neutral and excess-salt simulations provided similar results. Nonetheless, our free-energy simulation indicated that the presence of excess salt affected the thermodynamic stability. The free-energy barrier along the base-flipping pathway was generally elevated upon the addition of excess salts, but the relative height of the free-energy barriers in DNA and TNA duplexes did not change significantly. This phenomenon emphasizes the importance of adding sufficient salts in the simulation scheme to reproduce the experimental condition.
Touch Ablation of Lithium Dendrites via Liquid Metal for High-Rate and Long-Lived Batteries

High energy density lithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted great attention, but they are faced with challenges of cycling instability and safety hazards. Due to high activity and drastic volume changes of metallic Li, potential dendritic risks cannot be fully eliminated. Therefore, suppressing already existing Li dendrites must be evaluated. In addition, Li-active solids alloying with Li always face mechanical instability and fractures with cycling. Herein, we present touch ablation of dendrites by liquid metal, namely forming a defense layer on the electrode to directly react with the dendrites. Embrittlement, supercooling, and other liquid characteristics make the liquid gallium (Ga) exhibit continuous and reversible reactions with Li. The unique layout with a hierarchical porous structure inhibits upward growth of the dendrites. The protected Li||Li cells achieve stable cyclic performance even at 10 mA cm~(-2) and a large capacity of 5 mA h cm~(-2).
Modular Synthesis of Diarylalkanes by Nickel-Catalyzed 1,1-Diarylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes

A nickel-catalyzed 1,1-diarylation of electronically unbiased alkenes has been developed, providing straightforward access to diarylalkanes from readily available materials. Importantly, both the efficiency and the regioselectivity of this transformation are ensured by reaction conditions, rather than the coordinating group of substrates. We also demonstrate that under balloon pressure, ethylene and propylene can also be utilized as substrates. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that this transformation involves a Ni(O)/Ni(ll) catalytic cycle rather than a Ni(l)/Ni(lll) cycle.
A systematic review of a digital twin city: A new pattern of urban governance toward smart cities

Many countries and governments consider smart cities a solution to global warming, population growth, and resource depletion. Numerous challenges arise while creating a smart city. Digital twins, along with the Internet of Things, fifth-generation wireless systems, blockchain, collaborative computing, simulation, and artificial intelligence technologies, offer great potential in the transformation of the current urban governance paradigm toward smart cities. In this paper, the concept of a digital twin city (DTC) is proposed. The characteristics, key technologies, and application scenarios of a DTC are elaborated upon. Further, we discuss the theories, research directions, and framework regarding DTCs.
干燥综合征并发弥漫性囊性肺疾病1例

弥漫性囊性肺疾病(DCLD)是一种肺部弥漫性囊性改变的异质性疾病,SS并发DCLD在国内外鲜有报道,本文报告1例患有SS并发DCLD的青年女性患者,分析其临床表现和影像学特征,以提高对该并发症的诊治的认识。
重组人鼠嵌合抗CD20单克隆抗体N糖谱的定性及定量分析

临床上,单克隆抗体用于治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病和移植排斥反应等多种疾病,是近年生物制药行业最热门的研究领域之一。重组人鼠嵌合抗CD20单克隆抗体是一种特异性靶向淋巴细胞表面CD20抗原的抗体,可与CD20抗原发生结合,激发机体免疫反应,可致表面表达CD20抗原的B-淋巴细胞的溶解和被杀伤,从而达到抗肿瘤效果。单克隆抗体具有复杂的结构和功能,且存在不同类型的翻译后修饰,其中糖基化是最常见和复杂的修饰之一,主要形式为N糖基化修饰,其差异可能会影响其药学性质,如有效性、体内半衰期及免疫原性等。因此,N糖基化修饰是单克隆抗体生产工艺和质量控制的重要指征,对其进行分析和监控非常必要。
生物絮团技术研究进展与应用概述

随着世界人口的增长,全世界对于水产品的需求日益增加。然而当今捕捞业产量很难有增长空间,传统养殖模式又会带来诸如水资源的过度使用、养殖排污和饲料浪费等问题。同时饲料原料的价格上涨也导致养殖成本的增加。为了应对水产品养殖领域目前存在的种种问题,需要开发并推广更多生态友好型的养殖新技术。
经颅直流电刺激改善脑卒中后认知障碍的meta分析

脑卒中是常见的老年疾病之一,每年有1500万人发生脑卒中。由于高致残率的特点给社会带来极大负担。绝大多数中老年患者在缺血性脑卒中后3个月即出现认知障碍,即使在临床康复看似成功且无功能性残疾的患者中也常见。目前,脑卒中后认知康复疗效有限。所以,认知康复的有效干预手段成为当前研究的热点。
Development of wind-energy modeling technology and standards

To ensure the stable operation of power systems with large proportions of wind power,China has published a series of national,industry,and enterprise standards for wind power.The increase in the number of standards and the expansion of their application scope have given rise to a situation where multiple standards overlap and conflict with regard to the establishment of models and their applicability,resulting in unclear standard application scenarios.Therefore,it is imperative to analyze the development of wind-turbine and wind-farm modeling,along with the relevant standards.This paper presents the methods for wind-turbine modeling,the equivalent model of wind farms based on the general model of wind turbines,and the technical provisions and application scenarios involved in the relevant domestic and international standards.The adaptability of the relevant standards is examined.The results of this study are helpful for advancing wind power generation in China and ensuring the safe and stable operation of large-scale wind power systems.
An undrained expansion solution of cylindrical cavity in SANICLAY for K_0-consolidated clays

This paper proposes a rigorous undrained solution for cylindrical cavity expansion problems in K_0- consolidated clays, adopting a simple non-associated and anisotropic model, SANICLAY. The cavity expansion theory is well extended to consider non-associativity, K_0-consolidation and stress-induced anisotropy with combined rotational and distortional hardening of yield surface and plastic potential in the multiaxial stress space. The developed solution can be recovered for validation against the modified Cam-clay (MCC) solution by simply setting model constants, avoiding non-associativity and anisotropy. The source code is provided to facilitate the use for extensions. After investigating the effects of overconsolidation ratio on the cavity pressure curves, stress distributions, evolutions of anisotropic parameters and stress paths, the variations with three-dimensional (3D) evolutions of yield surface and plastic potential during undrained cavity expansion are shown for various K_0-consolidated clays. A parametric study on the model constants is presented to depict the influences on the stress distributions and paths, critical state surfaces and Lode’s angles at failure. The proposed solution also provides a general framework for formulating equations for undrained expansion of cylindrical cavities under an initial cross anisotropic condition using sophisticated anisotropic soil models. It serves as a precise benchmark for extensions of analytical solutions, numerical simulations of cavity expansion, and backcalculations of geotechnical problems.
Current oscillation in GaN-HEMTs with p-GaN islands buried layer for terahertz applications

A GaN-based high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)with p-GaN islands buried layer(PIBL)for terahertz applications is proposed. The introduction of a p-GaN island redistributes the electric field in the gate-drain channel region,thereby promoting the formation of electronic domains in the two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)channel. The formation and regulation mechanism of the electronic domains in the device are investigated using Silvaco-TCAD software. Simulation results show that the 0.2 μm gate HEMT with a PIBL structure having a p-GaN island doping concentration(N_p)of 2.5×10~(18) cm~(-3)-3×10~(18) cm~(-3) can generate stable oscillations up to 344 GHz-400 GHz under the gate-source voltage(V_(gs))of 0.6 V. As the distance(D_p)between the p-GaN island and the heterojunction interface increases from 5 nm to 15 nm, the fundamental frequency decreases from 377 GHz to 344 GHz, as well as the ratio of oscillation current amplitude of the fundamental component to the average component I_(f1)/I_(avg)ranging from 2.4% to 3.84%.
Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)are typical switching devices capable of detecting single photons with almost 100% detection efficiency. However, they cannot determine the exact number of incident photons during a detection event. Multi-pixel SNSPDs employing multiple read-out channels can provide photon number resolvability(PNR), but they require increased cooling power and costly multi-channel electronic systems. In this work, a single-flux quantum(SFQ)circuit is employed, and PNR based on multi-pixel SNSPDs is successfully demonstrated. A multi-input magnetically coupled DC/SFQ converter(MMD2Q)circuit with a mutual inductance M is used to combine and record signals from a multi-pixel SNSPD device. The designed circuit is capable of discriminating the amplitude of the combined signals in accuracy of Φ_0/M with Φ_0 being a single magnetic flux quantum. By employing the MMD2Q circuit,the discrimination of up to 40 photons can be simulated. A 4-parallel-input MMD2Q circuit is fabricated, and a PNR of 3 is successfully demonstrated for an SNSPD array with one channel reserved for the functional verification. The results confirm that an MMD2Q circuit is an effective tool for implementing PNR with multi-pixel SNSPDs.
Multi-function terahertz wave manipulation utilizing Fourier convolution operation metasurface

We propose a novel metasurface based on a combined pattern of outer C-shaped ring and inner rectangular ring. By Fourier convolution operation to generating different predesigned sequences of metasurfaces, we realize various functionalities to flexible manipulate terahertz waves including vortex terahertz beam splitting, anomalous vortex terahertz wave deflection, vortex terahertz wave splitting and deflection simultaneously. The incident terahertz wave can be flexibly controlled in a single metasurface. The designed metasurface has an extensive application prospect in the field of future terahertz communication and sensing.
Energy levels and transition data of 3p~63d~8 and 3p~53d~9 configurations in Fe-like ions(Z = 57,60,62,64,65)

Atomic data of highly charged ions(HCIs)offer an attractive means for plasma diagnostic and stars identification,and the investigations on atomic data are highly desirable. Herein, based on the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac- Hartree-Fock(MCDHF)method, we have performed calculations of the fine-structure energy levels, wavelengths, transition rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths for the lowest 21 states of 3p~63d~8-3p~53d~9 electric dipole(E1)transitions configurations in Fe-like ions(Z = 57, 60, 62, 64, 65). The correlation effects of valence-valence(VV)and core-valence(CV)electrons were systematically considered. In addition, we have taken into account transverse-photon(Breit)interaction and quantum electrodynamics(QED)corrections to treat accurately the atomic state wave functions in the final relativistic configuration interaction(RCI)calculations. Our calculated energy levels and transition wavelengths are in excellent agreement with the available experimental and theoretical results. Most importantly, we predicted some new transition parameters that have not yet been reported. These data would further provide critical insights into better analyzing the physical processes of various astrophysical plasmas.
The miR157-SPL-CNR module acts upstream of bHLH101 to negatively regulate iron deficiency responses in tomato

Iron(Fe) homeostasis is critical for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Fe levels are tightly controlled by intricate regulatory networks in which transcription factors(TFs) play a central role. A series of basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) TFs have been shown to contribute to Fe homeostasis, but the regulatory layers beyond bHLH TFs remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL) TF SlSPL-CNR negatively regulates Fe-deficiency responses in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) roots. Fe deficiency rapidly repressed the expression of SlSPL-CNR, and Fe deficiency responses were intensified in two clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein 9-generated SlSPL-CNR knockout lines compared to the wild-type. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 47 Fe deficiencyresponsive genes the expression of which is negatively regulated by SlSPL-CNR, one of which, SlbHLH101, helps regulate Fe uptake genes. SlSPLCNR localizes the nucleus and interacts with the GTAC and BOX 4(ATTAAT) motifs in the SlbHLH101 promoter to repress its expression. Inhibition of SlSPL-CNR expression in response to Fe deficiency was well correlated with the expression of the microRNA SlymiR157. SlymiR157-overexpressing tomato lines displayed enhanced Fe deficiency responses, as did SlSPL-CNR loss-of-function mutants. We propose that the SlymiR157-SlSPL-CNR module represents a novel pathway that acts upstream of SlbHLH101 to regulate Fe homeostasis in tomato roots.
Development and application of a multi-physics and multi-scale coupling program for lead-cooled fast reactor

In this study, a multi-physics and multi-scale coupling program, Fluent/KMC-sub/NDK, was developed based on the user-defined functions (UDF) of Fluent, in which the KMC-sub-code is a sub-channel thermal-hydraulic code and the NDK code is a neutron diffusion code. The coupling program framework adopts the ‘‘master- slave'' mode, in which Fluent is the master program while NDK and KMC-sub are coupled internally and compiled into the dynamic link library (DLL) as slave codes. The domain decomposition method was adopted, in which the reactor core was simulated by NDK and KMC-sub, while the rest of the primary loop was simulated using Fluent. A simulation of the reactor shutdown process of M2LFR- 1000 was carried out using the coupling program, and the code-to-code verification was performed with ATHLET, demonstrating a good agreement, with absolute deviation was smaller than 0.2%. The results show an obvious thermal stratification phenomenon during the shutdown process, which occurs 10 s after shutdown, and the change in thermal stratification phenomena is also captured by the coupling program. At the same time, the change in the neutron flux density distribution of the reactor was also obtained.
双侧下肢皮肤淀粉样变案

“干疥”范畴。《中医皮肤性病学(临床版)》将原发性皮肤淀粉样变的病因病机概括为风热客于肌肤、湿热困阻皮肤,日久则血瘀血虚风燥,致肌肤失养,并将此病分为风热血瘀、风湿热聚、血虚风燥3种常见证型。《医宗金鉴·外科心法要诀》载:“此证总由风热湿邪,侵袭皮肤,郁久风盛,则化为虫,是以搔痒之无休也⋯⋯松皮癣,状如苍松之皮,红白斑点相连,时时作痒。”《外科集验方》载:“夫疥癣者,皆由脾经湿热及肺气风毒,客于肌肤所故也。风毒之浮浅者为疥,⋯⋯四曰干疥,痒而搔之,皮起干痂。”本案患者因年老体衰,卫表不固,又常年喜好游泳,以致风湿裹挟,蕴于肌肤,发为此病。近年来,笔者采用火针治疗急慢性湿疹、脂溢性皮炎、肛周瘙痒等瘙痒类皮肤疾病均取得良好的止痒与修复皮损的效果,其理论基础源自《素问·阴阳应象大论》提出的“其在皮者,汗而发之”的治则。后世《针灸聚英》提出:“盖火针大开其孔穴,不塞其门,风邪从此而出。”因此可将火针开孔穴、散邪外出视为“开鬼门,洁净府,去菀陈莝”的另一种形式。火针刺血拔罐法先以火针在皮损部位大量浅刺,给邪气以外出的通道,继以火罐强力吸附,吸出血液或组织液,同时使邪气借由血液或组织液有效排出体外,从而疏畅经络气血、促进局部新陈代谢,达到止痒与修复皮损的功效。笔者经长时间临床实践发现,火针对皮肤“凸起”性皮损,如苔癣样变、淀粉样变,都具有很好的修复效果。火针犀利且温度高,在破坏原有病变组织基础上,能够同时激发人体自我修复功能,使老皮得退,新皮得生。本案患者由于初诊时皮损质地较硬,用毫火针点刺极易损毁针具,故初期采用钨钢制三头火针进行治疗。治疗1个月后皮损质地变软,改用毫火针排针浅刺,取得满意疗效。
等距离测量在髂静脉形态评估及支架选择中的应用

前瞻性分析蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的108例非血栓性髂静脉压迫综合征患者的多平面静脉造影资料,测量其下腔静脉(IVC)直径、左髂总静脉(LCIV)开口0、20、40、60、80mm处髂静脉直径、IVC与LCIV所成角度、LCIV长度。最终解除压迫后LCIV直径为(15.6±1.9)mm,髂外静脉(LEIV)为(11.2±1.8) mm, IVC为(19.6±3.2) mm, LCIV长度为(61.3±11.0) mm, IVC与LCIV夹角为36.4°±15.8°。本研究显示下腔静脉与髂总静脉、髂外静脉变化存在一致性;髂总静脉长度与髂外静脉直径、下腔静脉与髂静脉所成角度呈负相关。
Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Two-Dimensional Nanoplatelets

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) attract significant interest in recent years due to their narrow and tunable emission wavelength in the visible range, as well as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), which are highly desired in display technologies. The high-quality NCs have been recognized as vital luminescent materials in realizing next-generation display devices. With further development, NCs with near-unity PLQY have been successfully synthesized through engineering of the core/shell heterostructure. However, as the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs) approaches the theoretical limit of about 20%, the low out-coupling factor proposes a challenge of enhancing the performance of a device when using the spherical QDs. Hence, the anisotropic NCs like nanoplatelets (NPLs) are proposed as promising solutions to improve the performance of nanocrystal LEDs. In this review, we will summarize the synthetic strategies of twodimensional (2D) NPLs at first. Then, we will introduce fundamental concepts of LEDs, the main approaches to realize LEDs based on nanoplatelets, and the recent progress. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of LEDs based on anisotropic NCs are also presented.
Size-Dependent Reaction Mechanism of λ-MnO_2 Particles as Cathodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Manganese dioxide (MnO_2) with different crystal structures has been widely investigated as the cathode material for Zn-ion batteries, among which spinel λ-MnO_2 is yet rarely reported because Zn-ion intercalation in spinel lattice is speculated to be limited by the narrow three-dimensional tunnels. In this work, we demonstrate that Zn-ion insertion in spinel lattice can be enhanced by reducing particle size and elucidate an intriguing electrochemical reaction mechanism dependent on particle size. Specifically, λ-MnO_2 nanoparticles (NPs, ~80 nm) deliver a high capacity of 250 mAh/g at 20 mA/g due to large surface area and solid-solution type phase transition pathway. Meanwhile, severe water-induced Mn dissolution leads to the poor cycling stability of NPs. In contrast, micron-sized λ-MnO_2 particles (MPs, ~0.9 μm) unexpectedly undergo an activation process with the capacity continuously increasing over the first 50 cycles, which can be attributed to the formation of amorphous MnOx nanosheets in the open interstitial space of the MP electrode. By adding MnSO_4 to the electrolyte, Mn dissolution can be suppressed, leading to significant improvement in the cycling performance of NPs, with a capacity of 115 mAh/g retained at 1 A/g for over 500 cycles. This work pinpoints the distinctive impacts of the particle size on the reaction mechanism and cathode performance in aqueous Zn-ion batteries.