mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Soluble Diethoxy Phosphoryl Chitosan

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of a novel soluble chitosan derivative, diethoxy phosphoryl chitosan (PH-chitosan), has been developed. Ph-chitosan was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, ICP, XRD, TG and SEM, respectively. The chemical identity of PH-chitosan was determined by FT-IR and confirmed by NMR, and those results unequivocally demonstrated that diethoxy phosphoryl groups were grafted onto the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan. The results of XRD indicated that the crystalline structure of chitosan was destroyed due to the incorporation of diethoxy phosphoryl group resulting in loss of hydrogen bond. The analysis of TG demonstrated that PH-chitosan was less thermal stable than chitosan. This simple synthetic method provided a new and available approach to prepare a soluble high molecule weight chitosan derivative.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Zn(II)-Thiourea Complex

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by a novel Zn(II)-thiourea complex has been developed. The remarkable advantages of this reaction are mild reaction conditions, simple workup procedure, high yield of products and the use of ethanol as acceptable solvent.
Role of ABC transporters in cancer chemotherapy

Multidrug resistance(MDR) in cancer cells can significantly attenuate the response to chemotherapy and increase the likelihood of mortality.The major mechanism involved in conferring MDR is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters,which can increase efflux of drugs from cancer cells,thereby decreasing intracellular drug concentration.Modulators of ABC transporters have the potential to augment the efficacy of anticancer drugs.This editorial highlights some major findings related to ABC transporters and current strategies to overcome MDR.
OsGLU3, a Putative Membrane-Bound Endo-1, 4-Beta-Glucanase, Is Required for Root Cell Elongation and Division in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plant roots move through the soil by elongation. This is vital to their ability to anchor the plant and acquire water and minerals from the soil. In order to identify new genes involved in root elongation in rice, we screened an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized rice library, and isolated a short root mutant, Osglu3-1. The map-based cloning results showed that the mutant was due to a point mutation in OsGLU3, which encodes a putative membrane-bound endo-1, 4-β-glucanase. Osglu3-1 displayed less crystalline cellulose content in its root cell wall, shorter root cell length, and a slightly smaller root meristem as visualized by restricted expression of OsCYCB1, 1:GUS. Exogenous application of glucose can suppress both the lower root cell wall cellulose content and short root phenotypes of Osglu3-1. Consistently, OsGLU3 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with strong expression in root tip, lateral root, and crown root pri-modia. The fully functional OsGLU3-GFP was detected in plasma membrane, and FM4-64-labeled compartments in the root meristem and elongation zones. We also found that phosphate starvation, an environmental stress, altered cell wall cellulose content to modulate root elongation in a OsGLU3-dependant way.
交通事故死亡法医学鉴定分析1例

肢端肥大症系青春期后垂体生长激素分泌过多，引起软组织、骨骼及内脏的增生肥大及内分泌代谢紊乱。临床上以面貌粗陋、手足厚大，皮肤粗糙，头痛眩晕，显著乏力为特征;血浆生长激素(GH)浓度>20g/L。心血管疾病是肢端肥大症致死的主要原因之一，可伴有高血压、心脏肥大、左心室功能不全、心力衰竭，冠状动脉硬化性心脏病及心律不齐等~([1])。
游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤软组织缺损的术中护理

回顾分析2010年1月至2011年2月我院34例头颈鳞癌患者手术切除病损后应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣(ALT)修复软组织缺损的资料。认为ALT修复软组织缺损的术中护理配合是治愈头颈鳞癌患者和提高患者生存质量的重要因素。
As-75 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Ba(Fe1-xNix)(2)As-2 Single Crystals under High Pressure

~(75)As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was measured for Ba(Fe_(1?x)Ni_x)_2As_2 single crystals with x=0.05 and x=0.1 under 0 and 1.5 GPa, respectively. For the optimal doped sample with x=0.05, the superconducting transition temperature, T_c, is strongly suppressed from 18 to 5 K, while for the over?doped sample with x=0.1, it is turned from a superconducting ground state to a disordered paramagnetic state under 1.5 GPa. Our experimental results show that the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, as well as T_c, are suppressed. The experimental results can be explained with the two-band model. As a result, the electronic band is shifted downwards with an increase in pressure, and the electrons become the dominant carriers in the system.
Stimulated Raman Backscattering Amplification Using Multiple Pump Pulses

A multiple-pump-pulses-stimulated Raman backscattering amplification (m-SRA) scheme is proposed and examined using 1D PIC simulations. Compared with the SRA using a single long pump pulse, higher energy conversion efficiency can be obtained with the same output laser intensity by employing the m-SRA scheme. Unwanted Raman forward scattering can be suppressed in the m-SRA case. Favorable pulse envelope and frequency characteristics of the seed pulse after amplification are obtained by using the m-SRA scheme.
Polymer Electro-optic Modulator Linear Bias Using the Thermo-optic Effect

A quasi-rectangular waveguide polymer Mach–Zehnder (M-Z) electro-optic (EO) modulator based on an organic/inorganic hybrid material with thermal bias control is fabricated and demonstrated. Linear bias for the modulator is obtained through thermo-optic effect. The optical output is adjusted by changing phase difference between the two arms of the M-Z interferometer. A power consumption of 16.1 mW for π phase change is observed owing to the application of silica cladding. This approach is proved to be effective to suppress direct current drift in polymer EO modulators.
Influence of Multi-Cascaded Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers on the Signal in an Energy-Efficient System

Signal impairment is experimentally studied by using the extinction ratio (ER), error bit rate (BER) and optical spectrum in a three-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) setup. The signal with the ER of 13 dB and BER of <10~(?9) is achieved after the signal passing through the cascaded SOAs. With the results obtained from the experiment, we confirm that the three-cascaded SOAs used to compensate for power in the optical transmission can be accepted. This experimental result also offers the possibility of achieving a higher throughput of multi-plane architecture by exploiting three switching domains instead of two switching domains in the energy-efficient design of a scalable optical multi-plane interconnection architecture. The space switches in output ports of multi-plane interconnection architecture can be improved to N=32×32×32=32768.
Optimization of T-shaped waveguide branches in two-dimensional photonic crystals

The interval and the radius of a pair of defect dielectric rods in waveguide channels near the branching region of a T-shaped waveguide branches are simultaneously varied, and their effects on the transmission properties are investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Numerical results show that there is an optimized region where the relative bandwidth of high-transmission (total transmittance 0.95) band of the branches is larger than 17%, which is higher than that of the existing same structures (11.60%) with fixed interval. These results provide for engineering application of simple T-shaped waveguide branches with high transmission.
Modelling of Ar-Hg Electrodeless Lamps

A self-consistent model of high-frequency electrodeless lamps with internal coils is developed. Radial distributions of the plasma parameters are obtained. Mercury lines with wavelength of 435.8 nm and 365 nm are measured to testify the model. Based on the model, the population of resonance state 6~3P_1 of mercury in dependence on the argon pressure and driving frequency is calculated. It is shown that the population of 6~3P_1 of mercury is larger when the argon pressure is between 26.6 Pa and 53.2 Pa. Meanwhile the driving frequency has little influence on the population of 6~3P_1.
Numerical Study on Arc Plasma Behavior During Arc Commutation Process in Direct Current Circuit Breaker

This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of arc plasma behavior during arc commutation process in a medium-voltage direct current circuit breaker (DCCB) contact system. A three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model of air arc plasma in the contact system of a DCCB is developed, based on commercial software FLUENT. Coupled electromagnetic and gas dynamic interactions are considered as usual, and a thin layer of nonlinear electrical resistance elements is used to represent the voltage drop of plasma sheath and the formation of new arc root. The distributions of pressure, temperature, gas flow and current density of arc plasma in arc region are calculated. The simulation results indicate that the pressure distribution related to the contact system has a strong effect on the arc commutation process, arising from the change of electrical conductivity in the arc root region. In DCCB contact system, the pressure of arc root region will be concentrated and higher if the space above the moving contact is enclosed, which is not good for arc root commutation. However, when the region is opened, the pressure distribution would be lower and more evenly, which is favorable for the arc root commutation.
正交实验优选金樱子盐制品最佳炮制工艺条件

目的优选金樱子盐制的最佳炮制工艺。方法以金樱子多糖，总黄酮含量及水溶性浸出物的综合作用为考察指标，采用正交实验设计综合评分法优选金樱子盐制品最佳工艺。结果加盐量(与药材量比)对指标成分有显著影响(P<0.05)，干燥温度几乎没有影响，综合各种因素，盐制金樱子最佳炮制工艺为A_2B_2C_1D_3，即加盐量为2.5%、蒸制2.5 h、在60℃下干燥6 h。结论优选出的盐金樱子工艺合理可行。
人工髋关节感染二期翻修假体的选择

[目的]探讨二期翻修术治疗人工髋关节置换后假体周围感染的疗效和翻修假体的选择。[方法]自2006年1月~2010年1月在本院采用二期翻修术治疗人工髋关节术后感染15例(15髋),按二期置入假体的类型分为:A组骨水泥型9例,B组非骨水泥型6例。术后随访9~46个月,平均25个月。[结果]15例患者均未发现感染复发、假体松动和人工关节脱位,治疗前Harris评分A组为38.8分(22~48分),B组为40.5分(25~55分),二期翻修后Harris评分A组为86.9分(68~90),B组平均为90.2分(79~94分)。[结论]根据患者全身情况、实验室检查以及髋部骨质和软组织情况等综合因素,选择骨水泥型或非骨水泥型翻修假体,二期翻修术治疗人工髋关节置换术后假体周围感染,临床效果满意。
人工全膝关节置换术对伸膝装置影响的研究进展

人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)现已成为临床上治疗晚期膝关节病变的有效方法,可较好的缓解膝关节疼痛和改善其功能,然而大量的文献报道TKA术后对伸膝装置可造成一定的影响,现综述如下。
骨髓炎的治疗现状及进展

骨髓炎是一个由微生物感染引起的伴有骨组织破坏的炎症反应过程~([1])。它可以局限发病于单一类型骨组织或可同时波及骨髓、骨质、骨膜及周围软组织。骨髓炎的治疗是一个多学科参与的过程,不同类型的骨髓炎常需要不同的手术及抗生素治疗方法，本文就骨髓炎的治疗现状及进展做如下综述。
足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的修复

目的总结足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复方法及疗效。方法2005年8月-2008年8月,收治46例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者。男40例,女6例;年龄12~68岁,平均35岁。交通事故伤3l例,机器碾压伤6例,医源性损伤2例,电击伤1例,糖尿病足溃疡6例。缺损范围4 cm×2 cm~27 cm×16 cm。病程4 h~2年。采用股前外侧游离皮瓣12例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣25例,胫后动脉逆行皮瓣1例,隐神经皮瓣2例,腓动脉终末穿支皮瓣2例,交腿皮瓣1例,足底内侧皮瓣2例,跖背皮瓣1例,皮瓣切取范围4 cm×3 cm~28 cm×18 cm;供区直接缝合或中厚皮片游离移植修复。结果术后46例患者均获随访,随访时间6个月~3年,平均11个月。术后10 d 2例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣发生远端部分坏死;其余皮瓣均成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区植皮均成活,无明显挛缩;切口Ⅰ期愈合。术后6个月,1例采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复的足底创面发生小面积溃疡,经对症处理后愈合;其余患者皮瓣质地、色泽正常。患者可负重行走,步态正常。结论合理采用局部带蒂皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损,可明显缩短病程,达到保肢保足目的。
End-capped Thiophene Modulated Molecular Packing in 2,8-Dibenzothiophene-based Materials:from Face-to-face to Edge-to-face Stacking

Two new organic crystals of 2,8-bisthienyldibenzothiophene(BTDT) and 2,8-bis-dithienyldibenzothiophene(BDTDT) compounds were successfully obtained.The change of end-capped group from thiophene to dithiophene causes big differences in molecular packing and carrier-transport property.The adjacent molecules of compound BTDT adopt face-to-face π stacking and exhibit two-dimensional interchain interactions.On the contrary,BDTDT molecules are arranged in an edge-to-face motif and show mainly one-dimensional interacting character.The packing mode exerts dramatic effect on the carrier-transport property.The crystal of BTDT belongs to the orthorhombic system,space group P2_12_12 with a = 20.1427(11),b = 4.6016(3),c = 8.6340(5) A,V = 800.27(8) A~3,Z = 2,D_c = 1.446 g/cm~3,F(000) = 360,S = 1.019,the final R = 0.0491 and wR = 0.0960 for 1605 reflections with I > 2σ(I).The crystal of BDTDT belongs to the orthorhombic system,space group P2_12_12_1 with a = 7.2636(15),b = 25.359(5),c = 25.359 A,V = 4670.9(14) A~3,Z = 8,D_c = 1.458 g/cm~3,F(000) = 2112,S = 0.880,the final R = 0.0597 and wR = 0.1318 for 8047 reflections with I > 2σ(I).
静脉滴注普鲁卡因治疗重症腹型过敏性紫癜一例

讨论过敏性紫癜是因机体对某些致敏物质产生变态反应，导致毛细血管脆性及通透性增加，血液外渗，产生紫癜、黏膜及某些器官出血~([1])。病变常累及皮肤、肾脏、关节、消化道等组织器官。临床通常采用肾上腺皮质激素、维生素、对症等治疗措施，对多数患者有一定的治疗作用，但对重症患者收效甚微。有报道用东崀菪碱、环磷酰胺+肾上腺皮质激素冲击、普鲁卡因静脉封闭等一些特殊的治疗方法取得较好的效果。张立明等~([2])用10-15mg/kg普鲁卡因静脉缓慢滴注5-7d，对儿科重型腹型紫癜取得了较好的治疗作用。但普鲁卡因能引起过敏反应，为慎重起见我们试验性的将普鲁卡因的剂量减半（5mg/kg），治疗7d后，本例重症腹型紫癜患者腹痛、消化道出血停止，治愈出院。普鲁卡因可阻断致敏物质引起的过敏反应刺激在中枢神经系统、自主神经节、神经肌肉接点的冲动传导，使消化道血管达到" 封闭"效应~([3])，治疗效果显著。
Health Risks of Organic Contaminated Soil in an Out-of-Service Oil Refinery Site

Health risks assessment due to exposure to organic contaminated soil at an oil refinery out of service is conducted in this study by integrating health risk methods of U.S.EPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) and VROM(Ministry of Housing,Spatial Planning and the Environment in Netherlands),with the localized parameters using Chinese demo-graphic characteristics and site features.The monitoring results show that the concentration of benzene,benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene in the soil of the site all exceed their risk screening values,respectively,with pollutants concentrated in soil 0.1-5.5 m beneath the surface.To estimate health risks of the site with the 95% upper confidence limit of the pollution,we focus on three major exposure pathways,namely,oral inges-tion,dermal contact and breath inhalation,which indicates carcinogenic risk(CR) and non-carcinogenic haz-ard quotient(HQ) of the contaminated soil reach 9.59×10-5 and 15.46,respectively,exceeding the acceptable level of 10-5 and 1,posing severe health hazards to the residents at the site.
TSR-Derived Authigenic Calcites in Triassic Dolomite,NE Sichuan Basin,China-A Case Study of Well HB-1 and Well L-2

It has been proven that thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) took place extensively in the Lower Triassic carbonate reservoirs in Northeast(NE) Sichuan(四川) basin.We have carried out analyses on bulk rock compositions and isotope ratios together with petrography and fluid inclusions to assess the impact of TSR on diagenetic process of Triassic dolomites.In this article,TSR-related burial diagenesis is characterized by precipitation of calcite cement with negative δ13C values and high ho-mogenization temperature.The light carbon isotopic compositions of this phase indicate that carbon incorporated in this cement was partly derived from oxidation of hydrocarbon.The high homogeniza-tion temperatures indicate that the thermochemical reduction of sulfates has been taking place in the deep part of NE Sichuan basin.Additional evidence supporting this interpretation is the high Sr values of this calcite cement.Moreover,the calcites have a δ18O of-8.51‰ to-2.79‰ PDB and are interpreted to have precipitated from high salinity fluids with δ18O of +5‰ to +13‰ SMOW.Under cathodolumi-nescence,these calcite cements appear dark brown or black,and both Mg concentrations and Mn/Sr ratios are low.It is therefore indicated that seawater was the principal agent of precipitation fluids.Fi-nally,it should be noted that although H2S and CO2 increased as TSR continued,porosity has been ul-timately destroyed by calcite cementation.
Application of the Conceptualization Groundwater Data Model to Study the Upper Arkansas River Corridor,Western Kansas

Large-scale water pumping has caused significant decline in groundwater level in the Upper Arkansas corridor region,which in turn has triggered a chain of hydrological and ecological impacts.A newly developed conceptualization groundwater data model was used to organize various datasets on the Upper Arkansas corridor groundwater system and to develop a MODFLOW model to simulate groundwater flow in the region from 1959 to 2005.The simulation results have shown a sig-nificant decline in groundwater level and the conversion of Arkansas River from a gaining river to a losing river in the western two-thirds of the study area.Correlation analysis between percentage of salt cedar and the hydrogeological conditions indicates that these hydrogeological changes at least partially account for invasion of salt cedar that is more drought tolerant.The analysis also illustrates the com-plexity of the interaction mechanisms between hydrological conditions and salt cedar distribution,and suggests the need for better data on salt cedar distribution with higher spatial resolution and across larger hydrological gradients.
Effects of uprooting tree on herbaceous species diversity, woody species regeneration status and soil physical characteristics in a temperate mixed forest of Iran

We conducted a study to examine the pattern of development of herbaceous plant species, woody species regeneration and soil physical characteristics after tree uprooting in 20-ha areas of Experimental Forest Station of Tarbiat Modares University located in a temperate forest of Mazandaran province in the north of Iran. Soil bulk density, soil texture and moisture from pit and mound (PM) were measured in the laboratory. Results show that the soil bulk density was most in soil deeper layers at mound top, and the soil moisture content was most in soil deeper layers at Pit bottom. Our study supports that the micro-topography of PM (pit and mound) topography will create a mosaic of environmental conditions. This environmental heterogeneity could be responsible for the diversity of herbaceous plant species and regeneration of woody species. It is recommend that the fallen trees with PM structure should remain in the protected area without clearing as the best option for forest restoration. This information can be useful for forest management that attempts to emulate natural processes.
At the interface of behaviour, ecology and evolution: Insights from the world of fishes

We are pleased to present this special issue of Current Zoology entitled “Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution of Fishes”. The goal of this special issue is to showcase some of the recent developments in research occurring at the interface of fish behavioral ecology and evolution and to stimulate further research in this fascinating field. Most, but not all, of the papers fall under specific themes we identified in the call for submissions for this special issue. The issue features four review articles and fourteen original articles. The first review article, by I. Cote and S. Green, describes the potential interactions of climate change with invasive species using the invasive lionfish in the Caribbean as an example. J. Weis and A. Candelmo review the literature and describe recent experiments testing the effects of pollutants on fish behavior, using the mummichog and bluefish as the study organisms. Next, M. McPhee and colleagues develop an original theory proposing a common mechanism of parallel divergence in post-glacial fishes, a topic that dominates studies of the diversification and speciation of fishes. Finally, the review article by C Magnhagen focuses on the rapidly developing field of fish personality and examines how social context within groups of fishes affects individual personality.
急救医学教育与急救人才梯队建设

院前急救医学属于新兴专业,是国家应急卫生体系的一个组成部分,对于社会的稳定和谐以及人民群众的安全,起着不可估量的作用。但是从事医疗紧急救援卫生工作包括院前急救、院内急诊和灾难管理等方面的人才在世界各国都很缺乏,是一件令专家学者和管理者都非常关注的事情。因此,西方发达国家也在积极酝酿医学院校的教育改革和科研的大强度支持,以便尽快尽好地培养这方面的高层次人才。随着经济全球化趋势和我国自身国际化发展的需求,未来10年我国的各种需求日益全球化,院前急救医学也不例外,可以预见我国的院前急救医学必然会产生质的飞跃,这就需要人才作为基础。而今后十年急救医学教育和人才队伍的建设将是决定我国院前急救医学学科的生存及发展的关键因素。
初诊为吉兰-巴雷综合征的铊中毒一例

讨论铊作为一种蓄积性毒物可以引起多系统病变,神经系统表现尤为突出。铊中毒非常罕见,文献报道多见于自杀、谋杀或意外事故~[1]。该患者始终未提供出铊中毒的线索,导致了早期误诊。铊与钾离子有相同的离子半径,所以铊可以模仿钾离子参与大多数生物过程,因此对钾代谢平衡的破坏被认为是铊的主要毒性机制。除此之外,铊还能干扰谷胱甘肽代谢、破坏线粒体功能及引起氧化应激~[2-3]。
中药产地加工规范化研究进展

中药产地加工是指药材采收后进行挑选、冲洗、粗切、浸漂、蒸煮、发汗、熏烤、干燥等初步加工过程。药材采收后会发生细胞缩水、破裂、变性、酶解、后熟、干燥等变化,通过产地加工不但可以除去杂质和非药用部位,还可以杀青灭活、减毒、干燥,提高药材质量,利于包装、运输、储存等。在我国常用的中药材中,需要进行初加工者约占70%。
发热并腹泻1d抽搐1次——牛奶蛋白过敏模拟脓毒症临床分析

依据上述分析和随访资料，临床诊断为CMA，CMV感染，腹泻病合并酸碱电解质代谢紊乱，低钠性惊厥，肺炎。CMA入院前即存在，可能是感染和随机配方奶喂养的基础上加重或诱发严重的变应性紊乱。除遗传特异性决定的食物过敏危险因素外，本例还需要远期随访，逐步过渡喂养，并避免过早添加固体食物。
软组织颗粒细胞瘤的CT与MRI表现

颗粒细胞瘤(granular cell tumor, GrCT)是一种较少见的肿瘤,早期认为GrCT可能来源于横纹肌细胞,又称其为“颗粒性肌母细胞瘤”,随着电镜超微结构及免疫组织化学(简称免疫组化)检查的深入研究,支持颗粒细胞瘤是一种具有Schwann细胞分化的神经源性肿瘤。软组织GrCT的影像表现国外文献报道较少,且多为个例报道,国内个例报道多关注临床表现及病理。笔者搜集本院经手术病理证实的4例软组织GrCT患者的完整资料,结合文献分析其CT和MRI表现,旨在提高对本病影像表现的认识。
胎儿颅缝早闭症超声表现1例

讨论颅缝早闭症又称为颅缝过早骨化症或狭颅症,是指婴儿出生前后颅缝过早骨化闭合,形成各种头颅畸形,阻碍大闹发育,引起眼球突出、智力障碍、癫痫、颅内高压等临床症状,是一种严重的先天畸形~[1]。颅缝早闭症常见于婴儿期和儿期,在胎儿期发现颅缝早闭症鲜有报道。超声图像特点:头颅形态不规则,双眼眼距增宽,鼻梁扁平,矢状面扫查可见前额突出,头颅呈塔状,眼球突出。尖头畸形如合并并指畸形成为Aper综合症,如合并鹰钩鼻、上颌骨发育不良和下颌相对前突等面骨发育不全则称为Crouzon综合征~([2])。
46, XX, t(5;15;18)复杂易位一例

讨论染色体异常是引起习惯性流产、死胎和生育异常胎儿的重要原因,其中平衡易位是人类最常见的一类染色体结构畸变,即两条非同源染色体各自发生断裂后,互相变位重接而形成两条结构上重排的染色体。这种易位大多数都保留了原有基因总数,即无遗传物质的丢失,只是改变了易位节段在染色体上的排列顺序,对基因作用和个体发育一般无严重影响,故患者表型正常。该患者因涉及3条染色体同时发生1次断裂和变位重接,而形成3条结构重排的染色体,属于复杂易位。因参与的染色体数目和断裂点增多,复杂易位携带者产生不平衡配子的比例比一般易位携带者更高,而且随着参与易位染色体数目的增多,产生的不平衡配子的比例也越高。这些不平衡配子和正常配子结合受精后,导致流产、死胎、畸胎的风险也更高。这一复杂易位的产生,可能是物理的、化学的和生物因素的影响,也可能是自发或者是双亲之一传递而来,但该患者拒绝做双亲和弟、妹的染色体检查,故其来源尚不能确定。
臂丛神经节前损伤的影像学研究进展

臂丛神经损伤是周围神经损伤中最复杂、最严重的一种,致残率较高,现已成为临床上的常见病。主要分为节前和节后损伤2大类型,两者手术方法及预后完全不同。节前损伤是指椎管内颈神经前后根丝状结构处断裂,损伤后不能自行恢复,亦不能外科手术修复。臂丛神经前后根在神经节后融合成单一的神经根,被覆神经外膜,此处的损伤称为节后损伤。节后损伤除完全撕脱外,保守及手术治疗预后尚可。因此,术前准确判定臂丛神经损伤的部位及程度对临床具有重要的指导意义口],其中影像检查可作为术前诊断的一种良好方法,可用于臂丛神经损伤的原因调查2-33。
亚健康管理的临床研究展望

当代人类社会和人类疾病已经发生了重要而深刻的改变,"亚健康现象"正是其产物之一。慢性病比例的增高、社会老龄化、不良的生活工作环境等均促进了亚健康现患率的增高。"不治已病治未病",亚健康的研究对象是存在于"未病"和"已病"之间的"欲病"这一环节。近年来,亚健康已经成为我国医学研究的热点领域之一,其研究涉及亚健康的理论基础、评价体系、病因学、中医证型、中医体质及干预方案等领域。亚健康的研究成果，特别是在基础理论和评价体系领域的成果，为进一步发展亚健康临床应用奠定了基础~([1])。展望未来研究前景，结合健康管理新理念，发挥中医特色是亚健康临床应用的主要研究课题。
亚健康与中医“治未病”

"治未病"是指运用中医干预手段,防止疾病发生、发展的防治理念,是中医学注重未雨绸缪、防微杜渐的预防医学思想的高度概括,因此成为中医预防保健的重要理论基础。亚健康状态是指人体介于健康状态和疾病状态之间的一种非健康非疾病的中间状态,也称为第三状态,一般认为是机体仅有某些功能性改变而未有器质性病变的状态。对亚健康状态的重视即是中医"治未病"理念的良好体现。
兔下尿路缺血模型的制备与改进

有研究表明下尿路缺血在下尿路疾病病程中发挥重要作用~([1-3])。通过球囊损伤髂动脉内膜研究人员成功制造了兔下尿路缺血模型以研究其在下尿路疾病中作用机制~([4]),但该方法存在一定缺点。我们对兔下尿路缺血模型进行改进并与原模型对比观察。
二肽基肽酶Ⅳ在非酒精性脂肪肝幼鼠肝脏的表达

二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(DPPⅣ)是一种具有多种功能的细胞表面糖蛋白,广泛存在于各种细胞。近年来研究结果表明DPPⅣ的活性与慢性肝脏疾病有一定的相关性~([1])。本研究旨在建立非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)幼鼠模型,检测血清DPPⅣ的水平及DPPⅣ在肝脏的表达。
“支气管肺泡癌一例并文献复习”一文读后感

拜读了贵刊2011年第11期发表的“自然生长十年的细支气管肺泡细胞癌一例并文献复习”-([1])一文后深感疑惑。因为2011年伊始,国际肺癌领域的一个大动作就是国际肺癌研究学会、美国胸科学会和欧洲呼吸学会(LASLC/ATS/ERS)联合发布了关于肺腺癌多学科分类诊断的新标准,首次提出不再使用细支气管肺泡细胞癌(BAC)和混合性腺癌的名称,而代之以原位腺癌(AIS)和微浸润腺癌(MIA)的命名,对MIA要求提供全面和详细的组织学诊断。废弃BAC这一诊断名称是鉴于有关BAC的分类一直存在争议,BAC的肿瘤影像学表现、临床处理和预后的差异很大。新分类推荐当腺癌阴影完全为磨玻璃结节(GGN)或以部分结节伴磨玻璃成分为主时,不再使用BAC的术语,而应采用新术语进行分类,如AIS、MIA及伏壁式为主型腺癌(LPA);对于之前归为黏液型的BAC,则推荐将其从非黏液型腺癌中独立,另归为浸润性黏液型腺癌。
无基础疾病及免疫缺陷的慢性坏死性肺曲霉病三例

曲霉(aspergillus)广泛存在于自然界,因机体的免疫状态、肺脏结构基础及孢子吸入量的不同,导致临床表现各异的肺曲霉病。临床上通常将肺曲霉病分为变应性支气管肺曲霉病(allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA)、侵袭性肺曲霉病(invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, IPA)和曲霉球(aspergilloma, fungal ball)~([1])。慢性坏死性肺曲霉病(chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, CNPA)又称为半侵袭性肺曲霉病(semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis), 20世纪80年代由Gefter等~([2])和Binder等~([3])首先报道。目前认为是一种局限性侵袭性肺曲霉病,常发生于原有肺部基础疾病的患者,如尘肺、COPD、肺癌、肺结核、肺叶切除术后、肺囊性纤维化或轻度免疫功能缺陷的患者,如长期服用糖皮质激素、糖尿病、嗜酒、高龄、营养不良及慢性肉芽肿~([1, 3])。现报道3例无基础疾病及免疫功能缺陷的CNPA病例。
静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的新进展:第九版静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南展望

美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)修订的静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)指南的第九版即将发表。在前8版指南的影响下,临床医生对VTE的临床意义已有较多了解-([1-2])。现选择VTE临床研究中的数项重要的新进展综述如下,包括门诊患者诊断VTE的新思路,浅表静脉血栓形成(superfacial venous thrombosis, SVT)的意义,新型固定剂量的口服非维生素K拮抗剂的抗凝作用,减半剂量阿替普酶进行溶栓治疗肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism, PE)的研究及下腔静脉滤器植入后长期抗凝及肝素诱导的血小板减少症(heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, HIT)的处理。这些进展可能在新版ACCP指南的修订中有所体现。
肺癌早期诊断的新方法与评价

肺癌的发病率和病死率均居各类恶性肿瘤之首,且仍呈持续上升趋势。2011年全球癌症统计数据显示-([1]),全球新发肿瘤患者中肺癌占13%,约160万人,死亡患者中肺癌占23%,约140万人。由于肺癌早期缺乏特异性症状,大部分患者就诊时已属于晚期,5年总体生存率< 15% -([2])。但早期肺癌如I期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者在接受有效治疗后,5年生存率可达90%-([3]),因此早期确诊对改善肺癌患者的预后有重要意义。现将近年来肺癌早期诊断的方法及进展介绍如下。
临床病例讨论第412例——腹泻、发热、呼吸困难

本例人院时一般情况较差,消耗症状明显,应尽快安排相关检查,并加强支持治疗。左下腹压痛可能与左半结肠病变有关。本例直肠指诊的目的在于进一步除外直肠占位或炎性病变(如肛瘘),同时了解盆腔脏器有元异常,排除盆腔脓肿等病变刺激直肠造成“假性腹泻”。指套血染说明有活动性消化道出血,提示大肠病变仍高度活动。本例病情较重,已有部分证据支持UC,在诊断尚未完全明确的情况下,暂维持外院激素治疗,但将其换为静脉制剂,以消除肠道吸收对药物代谢的影响。由于柳氮磺吡啶在结肠分解,对结肠炎性病变疗效相对较好,故用其替换美沙拉嗪口服。同时加强抗感染、营养以及支持治疗。人院后改用琥珀酸氢化可的松250mg1次/d、柳氮磺吡啶1g3次/d、美沙拉嗪1g灌肠2次/d及肠道益生菌治疗,加强营养支持,同时予头孢曲松+甲硝唑抗感染治疗。
心血管疾病戒烟干预中国专家共识

吸烟是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,并且也是患者能够自我控制的致病因素。许多心血管医生已经认识到吸烟的危害和戒烟干预的重要性,但尚缺乏相应的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧。本共识通过全面总结吸烟的危害和戒烟的益处,提供给临床医生应掌握的戒烟方法和管理流程,强调医生戒烟在临床工作中的重要性,以提高我国心血管医生戒烟干预能力,降低心血管病患者和全民吸烟率,改善心血管病预后,维护全民心血管健康。