mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
甲状腺手术中行前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的:探讨前哨淋巴结活检术在甲状腺手术中协助诊断甲状腺癌的意义。方法:分析2012年2月—2014年2月收治的541例甲状腺手术患者临床资料及前哨淋巴结活检术在甲状腺手术中协助诊断甲状腺癌的情况。在甲状腺手术时,先向甲状腺内注射示踪剂纳米炭,使前哨淋巴结黑染显影,行前哨淋巴结活检术。若术中甲状腺原发病灶未确诊癌,而前哨淋巴结发现来源于甲状腺的癌,则直接行甲状腺癌的根治术。结果:行前哨淋巴结活检术392例,前哨淋巴结内发现甲状腺转移癌而术中甲状腺及其肿块未能诊断为癌的概率为5.4%(21/392)。其余149例未行前哨淋巴结活检术的甲状腺手术中,术后确诊为微小癌的概率为4.7%(7/149)。结论:甲状腺手术中常规行前哨淋巴结活检有利于提高甲状腺癌的诊断率,有效避免患者再次手术。
碳酸锂联合~(131)I 治疗分化型甲状腺癌术后肺转移

目的:探讨碳酸锂联合~(131)I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后肺转移灶的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:将44例DTC患者随机分为:治疗组,在~(131)I 治疗的同时服用碳酸锂(250 mg,3次/d),共7 d;对照组,仅给予~(131)I 治疗。首次治疗3个月后随访并评价疗效,给与诊断剂量~(131)I 显像见肺部放射性摄取、TSH 刺激状态的Tg>10 μg/L 者,需再次行~(131)I 治疗。并同时观察他们的白细胞及肝肾功能在治疗前后的变化。结果:对照组总治愈率22.7%,总有效率63.6%;治疗组总治愈率54.5%,总有效率90.9%,以上指标治疗组均高于对照组(P<0.05);碳酸锂联合~(131)I 治疗对患者白细胞及肝肾功能均无明显影响。结论:碳酸锂联合~(131)I 治疗DTC术后肺转移,不良反应少,可提高患者的治愈率,是一种经济、有效的治疗方法。
Analysis of pH-dependent Structure and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Polydopamine Membranes by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Detailed atomistic structures are constructed for polydopamine membranes containing different amounts of catechol and quinone groups to investigate the effect of pH value in the membrane casting solution on sorption and diffusion of small gas molecules (water and propylene) in the membranes. Interactions between dopamine oligomers are calculated, and it is found that the interactions decrease from – 2356.52 kJ·mol~(–1) in DOP-1 to – 1586.69 kJ·mol~(–1)in DOP-3 when all of the catechol groups are converted to quinone groups. The mobility of polymer segments and free volume properties of polydopamine membranes are analyzed. The sorption quantities of water and propylene in the membrane are calculated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method. The sorption results show that water adsorbed in DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3 are 17.3, 18.6 and 20.0 mg water per gram polymer, respectively, and no propylene molecule can be adsorbed. The diffusion behavior of water molecules in the membrane is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The diffusion coefficients of water molecules in DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3 membranes are (1.80 ± 0.52) × 10~(–11), (3.40 ± 0.64) × 10~(–11) and (4.50 ± 0.92) × 10~(–11) m~2·s~(–1), respectively. The predicted sorption quantities and diffusion coefficients of water and propylene in the membrane present the same trends as those from experimental results.
穴位按摩结合放松训练对癌症患者慢性轻中度疼痛的影响

疼痛在癌症患者中发生率较高,严重影响患者的生活质量。发生癌痛的患者中,以轻中度疼痛患者居多。一些常用补充替代疗法诸如身心干预、音乐疗法、按摩、针刺疗法等能够降低患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,缓解恶性疼痛,有益于患者的化疗,已在国外癌症治疗中得到应用。但目前将补充替代疗法针对性应用于癌症患者轻中度疼痛的研究还较少。本研究旨在探讨补充替代疗法中的穴位按摩结合放松训练对癌症患者慢性轻中度疼痛的干预效果,为临床疼痛控制提供借鉴。
孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的超声表现1例

肠系膜上动脉夹层多由主动脉夹层累及,孤立性夹层临床罕见。可能的病因有动脉粥样硬化、胰腺炎、动脉炎、感染、创伤、妊娠、肌纤维发育不良、动脉管壁中膜变性等,但多数病例病因不明确。临床症状可表现为腹痛、呕吐、恶心、腹部胀气、体质量减轻等,部分患者也可无明显症状,引起严重肠缺血者也较少见。该病的诊断主要依靠影像学检查。彩色多普勒超声可实时、动态显示肠系膜上动脉夹层的形态、范围以及内膜分离、有无合并血栓等,CEUS可更加清晰地显示造影剂自真腔进出假腔的动态过程,合并血栓则显示造影剂充盈缺损,有利于该病的诊断与鉴别诊断,同时也可作为随访观察的重要方法。患者如无明显症状,抗凝药物保守治疗为最适宜的方法,同时需加强血压控制,定期进行随访;若出现夹层范围扩展、夹层处真腔内血栓形成、急性肠缺血或持续的腹痛症状等,则需积极进行治疗,外科手术或血管内支架均可达到较好的疗效。
左旋多巴诱导异动症的预防及治疗进展

左旋多巴类药物自临床应用40年以来,已成为治疗帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)的金标准,能最有效地控制PD核心症状。然而在长期服用左旋多巴类药物过程中,会发生症状波动、异动症及其他非运动并发症,其中左旋多巴诱导的异动症(levodopa-induced dyskinesia,LID)是最常见的远期运动并发症之一。LID是指帕金森病患者长期服用左旋多巴类药物替代治疗过程中产生的异常不随意运动。左旋多巴治疗5年后,LID发病率约为30~40%;治疗10年以上,其发病率约为60%。而5年和10年后,需要调整治疗方案来改善LID症状的患者分别占17%和43%,10年后无法通过调整治疗方案来改善LID症状的患者仅有12%。因为严重的LID不仅影响患者生活质量,增加治疗相关费用,还给PD治疗带来了新的考验和挑战,所以对LID的预防及治疗至关重要。本文就LID的预防及治疗进展做一综述。
血小板调控CD4~+ T淋巴细胞与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

《中国心血管病报告2012》显示,目前我国心脑血管疾病患者为2.9亿,每年约有350万人死于心脑血管疾病,占总死亡原因的41%。心脑血管疾病已成为威胁中国及人类健康的“头号杀手”。动脉粥样硬化(AS)是缺血性心脑血管疾病(如冠心病和脑卒中)的主要病理基础。既往对AS发生发展的认识有脂质浸润学说、损伤反应学说等。过去30多年的深入研究逐渐认识到AS是一种炎症性疾病,其中免疫介导的炎症反应有重要作用[2]。血小板是生理性止血及血栓形成的基础,同时,在免疫反应、炎症及血管生成中发挥重要调控作用。本文就血小板调控CD4~+ T淋巴细胞亚群功能,以及两者相互作用对AS病变的影响做一综述,而血栓形成这一晚期病变在此不作探讨。
微波消融治疗骨肿瘤的研究进展

骨肿瘤(bone neoplasms)是指发生在骨内或起源于骨各种组织成分的肿瘤。无论原发恶性骨肿瘤还是骨转移瘤,都严重影响患者的生活质量。传统手术方式(截肢或根治性肿瘤切除术后肢体重建)无法或较难重建荷瘤肢体功能,并发症较多,给患者带来极大痛苦。作为一种热疗手段,微波消融(microwave ablation)技术目前应用于治疗多种侵袭性、恶性骨肿瘤和转移性骨肿瘤。该方法在保证肿瘤瘤段完全灭活的基础上,极大程度地保留了自体骨量。本文就微波消融的基本原理以及国内外利用微波消融技术治疗骨肿瘤的研究进展作一综述,同时,也就微波消融技术在治疗骨肿瘤方面提出一些具有指引作用的建议。
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections: a central military hospital study

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains one of the most common bacterial infections seen in hospitalized patients of all ages. Prevalence of UTIs increases with age and is often accompanied by higher resistance rates. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of resistance of most common enterobacterial uropathogens isolated from patients at Central Military Hospital and compare this resistance with the results found by the North America and Europe Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) study during 2009–2010.
Surgery for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: 33-year of a single center experience

Background Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare anomaly and few large or long-term series are well established. This study was designed to review 33-year surgical experience of SVA in one center. Methods From August 1980 to December 2013, patients with SVA underwent surgical repair were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 160 patients were identified with mean age of (30±12) years and 112 (70%) of them were males. The right coronary sinus origin of SVA was found in 108 patients (67.5%), the non-coronary sinus in 51 patients (31.9%), and the left coronary sinus in one patient (0.6%). The rupture of SVA into the right ventricle was identified in 89 (55.6%) cases, the right atrium in 61 (38.1%), the left ventricle in 2 (1.3%) and no rupture in 8 (5.0%). Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic regurgitation (AR) were found in 59 (37%) and 45 (28%) patients respectively. An approach via the involved chamber was used in 86 patients (54%), aortotomy in 8 (5%), and a combined approach in 66 (41%). Either direct suture (56, 35%) or patch (104, 65%) closure were used to repair the SVA. The VSD was closed with a patch (44/59, 75%) or direct suture (15/59, 25%). aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in 23/45 (51%) and aortic valvuloplasty (AVP) in 9/45 (20%) patients combined with AR. There were 3 hospital deaths (1.9%) and 2 late deaths and 84% of the patients were followed up for (17.6±4.2) years. New York Heart Association functional class improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.01). Actuarial survival was 94% at 10 years, and 88% at 20 years. Conclusions Surgical treatment of SVA is safe and effective, ruptured SVA or unruptured SVA with VSD and/or AR should be repaired surgically as early as possible. However, late progressive AR is still a risk during long-term follow-up, and early aggressive measures are recommended. These include more use of a combined approach to achieve optimal evaluation of lesions, more patch repairs to reduce the chance of recurrence, and more AVR in patients with moderate to severe AR.
Surgical treatment of 21 patients with spinal metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer

Background Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a common primary cancer for spinal metastases (SM). The treatments for DTC spinal metastases (SM) have evolved from simple surgery and radiotherapy to a multidisciplinary comprehensive therapeutic strategy of combined spinal surgery, general surgery, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and endocrinology. The purpose of this study was to discuss the efficacy and prognosis associated with different surgical treatments of SM patients with DTC. Methods A total of 21 consecutive patients with SM of DTC that were treated between 1999 and 2013 were studied. Biopsy was routinely performed to achieve the pathological diagnosis before treatment. Three patients underwent total spondylectomy intralesionally or piecemeally, and 18 had curettage. Postoperative recurrence and survival times were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Nineteen patients (90%) had an average of 42.7 months (range, 7–170 months) follow-up. The median visual analogue scale for pain reduced from 5 points to 1 point (P <0.01), and the median Karnofsky performance score increased from 70 to 90 points after surgery (P <0.01). Seventeen patients with neurological deficits attained improvements after surgeries, of at least one level according to the Frankel classification (P <0.01). Eight patients with curettage had recurrence. Four patients died of DTC, 12 patients lived with disease, and three patients were disease-free. No significant effects on postoperative recurrence or survival were observed between surgery combined with conservative treatment, total spondylectomy, the number of bone metastases and visceral metastasis. Conclusions DTC-SM have a relatively favorable prognosis, and curettage and stabilization can effectively relieve the pain and improve the quality of life and neurological status of the patients. For patients with Tomita scores of ≤3, total spondylectomy may have better clinical outcomes. Comprehensive therapeutic strategies including surgery, radioiodine, external beam radiation therapy and embolization should be considered for most patients.
绝经后女性高血压患者血压水平与雌激素、糖化血红蛋白的相关性

目的探讨绝经后女性高血压患者血压水平与雌激素及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的关系。方法选取2011年3月至2012年3月在四川省人民医院体检中心体检的绝经后女性高血压患者408例,根据血压水平分为1、2、3级高血压组,每组136例。同时入选同期体检正常血压的绝经后女性150名为对照组。采取放射免疫分析法测定血清雌激素,高压液相离子交换色谱层析法测定HbA1c,同时检测其他生化指标。比较各组雌激素和HbA1c差异;采用Logistic回归筛选平均动脉压的影响因素。结果随着血压的升高,雌激素水平降低,而HbA1c升高。与对照组比较,1、2、3级高血压组雌激素[(219.7±64.4)、(161.2±57.2)、(87.8±47.2)比(298.8±70.3)pmol/L]较低,而HbA1c[(5.3±0.5)%、(5.6±0.6)%、(6.0±0.4)%比(5.0±0.7)%]较高(均P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,雌激素与收缩压、舒张压和HbA1c呈负相关(分别r=-0.641、-0.487和-0.773,均P<0.01)。Logistic回归结果显示,雌激素和HbA1c是平均动脉压独立的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论绝经后女性高血压患者血清雌激素水平下降,HbA1c水平升高;雌激素和HbA1c是平均动脉压独立的影响因素。
精神障碍患者康复后权益保护

新的《精神卫生法》虽已出台,但精神障碍患者的权益仍未受到切实的保护。据中国网新闻中心2013年7月12日报道,仅在北京海淀区精神卫生防治院1家,经评估符合出院标准的患者约150?160人,但其中约80%的人被留在精神病院里,占到全院患者数量约40%。直接导致近一半的医疗资源被占用,而更需要康复治疗的患者无法人院。《法制晚报》2013年9月13日报道,在珠海有7名符合出院条件的精神障碍患者被医院留置在东莞一汽车站。院方并未通知患者家属也未通知送患者前来治疗的公安机关,甚至未给患者办理出院手续。浙江老年报2013年9月11日报道,杭州市第七人民医院老年精神科主任医师陈梅芳表示,很多康复的精神障碍患者出院后病情反复的一个重要因素是出院后的精神康复没有做好:患者未能按时服药,家属朋友对患者的精神支持鼓励不够。
重症监护室革兰阴性杆菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解重症监护室(ICU)革兰阴性(G-)杆菌构成和耐药情况,为合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月云南省第一人民医院ICU G-杆菌分布情况,并用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)法和双纸片扩散法进行药敏实验。结果636株G-杆菌检出率最高的是鲍曼不动杆菌(45. 3%),其次为肺炎克雷伯菌(17. 1%)、铜绿假单胞菌(14.3%)和大肠埃希菌(13.4%)。标本来源以痰标本为主,分离率为84.9%。非发酵菌中鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌均呈现多重耐药,仅对多黏菌素、阿米卡星和米诺环素敏感;嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对抗菌药物中介率较高。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)分离率分别为70. 6%和69. 7%,产ESBLs株对亚胺培南、美罗培南和阿米卡星敏感性较高,对其余抗菌药物耐药。产ESBLs株对抗菌药物耐药率和中介率明显高于非产ESBLs株。结论 ICU分离到的G-杆菌以非发酵菌为主,并具有多重耐药特征,临床可选择多黏菌素或与氨基糖苷类联合用药进行治疗。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs分离率高。
早期诊断和优化治疗是改善结缔组织病相关肺间质病变预后的关键

结缔组织病相关肺间质病变(interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease, CTD-ILD)不仅是CTD中常见的并发症,更是CTD患者预后不良的重要原因之一。但是,由于ILD的起病隐匿又无特异症状,加之治疗手段有限,大多对其认识不足。近10年来的研究表明:不同的CTD中ILD的发生率不相同,不同的CTD合并ILD的病理类型也不同,不同的病理类型对药物的反应也不同。例如在硬皮病,合并ILD的发病率最高达45%,病理以非特异性或寻常型间质性肺炎为主,糖皮质激素反应差;而SLE合并ILD较低(约为2%~8%),病理分型以急性间质性肺炎多见,糖皮质激素反应相对较好。由此可见加强认识ILD的临床特点对有效控制ILD的非常重要,尤其早期发现CTD-ILD和个体化的治疗,是改善CTD-ILD这类疾病预后的关键所在。
华北地区某污水处理厂升级改造设计总结

华北地区某大型城镇污水处理厂改造工程设计规模45万m3/d,通过升级二级生物处理系统,新增污泥水、污泥处理、污泥深度脱水系统等改造措施,使处理出水、污泥达到设计要求。对主要构筑物改造内容进行了总结,针对改造中的关键性问题及难点作重点介绍,并简要分析了改造后的出水水质。
iSafe次声波管道泄漏监控系统的应用

用次声波管道泄漏监测系统(acoustic leak detection system)对压力管道进行泄漏监测是目前最先进、最可靠的泄漏监测技术。次声波管道泄漏监测系统具有灵敏度高、误报率低、定位精度高等优点。中海达iSafe次声波管道泄漏监测系统采用次声波管道泄漏监测技术,能准确迅速发现泄漏,并确定油气管道泄漏位置。iSafe次声波管道泄漏监测系统的推出和应用,必将大大提高管道泄漏监测的性能和质量,为管道的安全运行提供强有力的保障。
艺术地形图及其编制方法探讨

传统地形图专业化太强、抽象程度高,适用范围小,已成为地理信息技术广泛应用的障碍。为此,本文提出并研究了艺术地形图的概念和编制方法,探讨了通过细化和美化编制艺术化地形图的方法,并以制作大比例尺艺术地形图为例进行了试验说明。结果证明,艺术地形图既保持了普通地形图的精度,又具有效果图的艺术性;它不仅形象美观,而且信息更丰富,具有更好的实用性,在智慧城市建设中可发挥独特的作用,可有力地推动地理信息技术的广泛应用。
航道冲淤分析的可视化增强方法研究

在航道冲淤分析过程及其可视化存在问题的基础上,从数据建模处理、空间分辨率设定、图形综合处理、显示重采样设置、分级设色处理5个方面研究了航道冲淤分析可视化效果增强方法,并结合航道地形数据进行了试验。试验结果表明,本文提出的可视化效果增强方法不仅有效地避免了传统可视化方法中的锯齿效应、图斑零碎和色彩分布不均等现象,而且能更加清晰、直观、准确地表达航道冲刷与淤积的空间分布状态与变化规律。
基于GIS的山区农用地定级方法研究

为探索提高山区县级农用地定级结果精度,以柞水县为例,基于GIS技术,运用特尔菲法及直线法、缓冲区法和最短路径法,建立定级因素体系,采用相应方法对各因素进行赋分和量化,在此基础上求算定级指数,初步划分农用地级别,通过级差收益检验、相关性检验及相关专家论证确定级别划分结果。研究结果表明,该方法可快速、准确划分出农用地级别。研究结果可为山区农用地定级的开展提供思路和参考方法,也可为全面掌握和科学量化农用地质量、促进其合理利用提供科学依据。
多源遥感影像及处理方法在城市发展普查中应用的对比研究

利用多种遥感影像处理技术从不同分辨率影像中提取城市绿地及城镇居民地,以同时期航片中对应的地物为基准进行误差统计。研究结果表明:IKONOS影像利用植被指数提取城市绿地的精度高于其他方法及影像;分辨率越高的影像,提取城镇居民地的精度越高;IKONOS使用比值变换融合的影像提取城镇居民地的精度最高,但是处理过程花费时间较长。
Molecular cytogenetics of Leymus: Mapping the Ns genome-specific repetitive sequences

The objective of this paper is to summarize the work in my group on FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) mapping of Ns-specific repetitiveDNAsequences from Leymus and discuss the results in the context of classification based on the genome system currently used among Triticeae researchers. The key question here is whether the genome composition of a tetraploid Leymus species should be NsXm or NsNs (Ns_1Ns_2). Different types of Leymus-specific dispersed retroelement-like repeats have been isolated and characterized. Because the sequences occur in significantly high copy number in Leymus, based on strong hybridization signal in Southern blots, they are considered essentially specific to Leymus. They are also abundant in Psathyrostachys, the progenitor of Ns genome in Leymus. These dispersed repeats are found to distribute over the whole of all Leymus chromosomes, without any differentiation between chromosomes that have been suggested to be of different genomic origins, meaning that all genomes in Leymus are the same. GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) experiments on Leymus chromosomes using Psathyrostachys genomic DNA as probes further support the NsNs (Ns_1Ns_2) genome constitution for Leymus. The Xm genome of an unknown origin might have been there in the beginning of the allopolyploidization process, but the Ns genome-specific elements must have spread predominantly and rapidly across genomes, thus homogenizing the nuclear genomes of Leymus. I present here for the first time evidence that Ns-specific dispersed repeats can spread in a very short time, from Leymus over to wheat in Triticum×Leymus hybrids growing in artificial conditions.
An Overview of Anti-Collision Protocols for Radio Frequency Identification Devices

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a new type of non-contact automatic identification technology. Due to its low energy consumption, low cost, and its adaptability to harsh environments, it has been applied to many fields. In the RFID systems, data collision is inevitable when the reader sends a communication request and multiple tags respond with simultaneous data transmission. Data collision is prone to causing problems such as: identification delay, spectrum resource waste, a decreased system throughput rate, etc. Therefore, an efficient, stable anti-collision protocol is crucial for RFID systems. This research analysed the current research into RFID anticollision protocols and summarised means for its improvement through the mechanism of implementation of different types anticollision protocols. Finally, a new direction is proposed for the future development of RFID anti-collision protocol systems.
视交叉海绵状血管瘤一例报道并文献复习

讨论海绵状血管瘤是脑血管畸形的一种病理类型,占脑血管畸形的23.2%~25.1%。海绵状血管瘤不同于海绵状血管畸形,为良性真性血管增殖性肿瘤。该病在1958年由Uihlein和Rucker第一次报道.临床最常见的症状是视力障碍,可表现为急性或慢性视力下降,另外也有海绵状血管瘤卒中导致蛛网膜下腔出血或脑内出血,垂体功能紊乱。表现为垂体功能紊乱者目前只见4例报道,术前均误诊为颅咽管瘤。视神经海绵状血管瘤和同一病理类型的脑内海绵状血管瘤可能具有相同的临床病理特点,即病灶反复出血和增大。笔者在国内外共共检索到数十例,国内报道的视交叉海绵状血管瘤临床资料见表1。临床主要表现为急性或慢性出血性症状,可表现为突发性头痛、视力障碍,称为视交叉卒中。慢性起病者病变表现为多次隐匿性出血,以头痛及其他鞍区病变等症状为主。本例表现为典型的视交叉卒中症状。急性起病者易于鉴别,而慢性起病者需与鞍区病变相鉴别,主要与鞍上池的颅咽管瘤、视交叉胶质瘤、鞍上池动脉瘤并血栓形成以及鞍上区脑膜瘤相区别。
New design of triplexer based on metal–insulator–metal plasmonic ring resonators

In this work, we propose a new design of all-optical triplexer based on of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide structures and ring resonators. By adjusting the radii of ring resonators and the gap distance, certain wavelengths can be filtered out and the crosstalk of each channel can also be reduced. The numerical results show that the proposed MIM plasmonic waveguide structure can really function as an optical triplexer with respect to the three wavelengths, that is, 1310, 1490, and 1550 nm, respectively. It can be widely used as the fiber access network element for multiplexer–demultiplexer wavelength selective in fiber-to-the-home communication systems with transmission efficiency higher than 90%. It can also be a potential key component in the applications of the biosensing systems.
地佐辛复合芬太尼用于晚期乳腺癌骨转移痛的效果评估

在临床上,晚期乳腺癌患者易并发全身多处骨转移,虽然使用了诸如:多瑞吉、奥斯康定等镇痛药物,但是依旧不能有效控制晚期癌痛,而成为难治性疼痛。寻找更有效的镇痛方法是临床所需,本文主要评估地佐辛复合芬太尼对乳腺癌难治性骨癌痛的效果及安全性。
婴幼儿听力诊断评估:只是时间问题

未通过听力筛查的婴幼儿需要进行快速准确的听力诊断评估,从而决定是否需要助听器放大和早期干预。合适的测试方案,随访的时间,所需的信息量都是必须考虑的因素,以便给出合适的建议。
Evolution, Control, and Effects of Interface in CNT/Al Composites: a Review

This review summarizes the work carried out in the field of interface study in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum (CNT/Al) composites. Much research work has been conducted to reveal the evolution of CNT/Al interface in producing the composite with the purpose of achieving uniform distribution of CNTs and tight interfacial bonding. The effect and principles of coating were reviewed along with the illustration of "intermetallic interphases" design. Different roles of CNT/Al interface in structural and functional application were elucidated, and the future work that needs attention was addressed.
Maffucci综合征2例

Maffucci综合征以多发性内生软骨瘤合并软组织血管瘤为特征,其软骨瘤主要依靠X线平片诊断。在长管状骨中,比较常见于生长最快的骨端如肱骨上端、尺桡骨下端、股骨下端及胫腓骨上端。X线片所见典型表现为:长骨干骺端及指趾骨膨胀性骨质破坏,破坏区呈网状有时呈多囊性改变,其间有骨性间隔,或呈自骨端向骨干延伸的条片状透亮区;囊性区内常见圆形或不规则的钙化;早期多不累及骨骺,晚期可见长骨短缩和畸形发育。尺骨短缩明显者桡骨也发生弯曲,同时患手向尺侧偏斜;同理,腓骨短缩明显者,胫骨也发生弯曲,患足向腓侧偏斜;短管状骨所见与长管状骨相似。除上述多发内生软骨瘤和骨骼畸形外,常见软组织肿块及多数静脉石。Maffucci综合征中骨骼和软组织病变均有恶变的可能,但骨骼恶变的风险更高,尤以软骨肉瘤最常见,风险率为20%~30%。如软骨瘤有恶变,则瘤体迅速增大,骨质破坏增多,皮质被穿破,形成放射性骨膜反应或巨大骨外肿块。多发内生软骨瘤的治疗和预防尚无有效方法,以矫正影响功能的畸形为主,若畸形严重影像功能或有恶变倾向,应截除相应肢体。
急性草酸二甲酯中毒病例分析

2013年8月我市4名农民工因接触草酸二甲酯1例出现接触反应,3例发生急性中毒。目前关于急性草酸二甲酯中毒的病例尚未见报道,为使临床医师了解该毒物中毒的临床表现,以便尽早实施干预措施,现报告如下。
Characteristics of Wind Erosion and Deposition in Oasis-desert Ecotone in Southern Margin of Tarim Basin, China

The oasis-desert ecotone is a fragile ecological zone that is affected both by oasis and desert conditions. To understand the impact of the differences in wind power, and the influence of wind erosion and deposition on the ecotone, meteorological data and contemporaneous wind erosion and deposition data were collected on the southern margin of Tarim Basin with serious sand-blown hazards. The wind velocity, average wind velocity, sand drift potential (DP), resultant sand drift potential (RDP), and sand transportation rate decrease significantly and successively across four landscape types with increasing vegetation coverage (VC). Flat surfaces and areas of shifting sandy ground experience intense wind erosion with fast movement of mobile sand dunes; semi-fixed sand areas experience extensive wind deposition but only slight wind erosion; and fixed sand areas experience only slight wind erosion and deposition. Volume of wind erosion on bare newly reclaimed farmland is up to 6.96 times that of bare shifting sandy ground. Wind erosion volume per unit area and VC follow an exponential function relationship in natural conditions, while wind deposition volume per unit area does not conform to any functions which has close relationship with vary topography and arrangement patterns of vegetation besides for VC. The results indicate that the volume of wind erosion has a close correlation with VC, and different types and distribution patterns of topography and vegetation also profoundly influence the wind deposition volume in the field, and underground water tables in different landscape types control the plant community distribution.
盆腔孤立性纤维瘤合并肝脏转移瘤影像表现一例

国内文献报道的肝SFT多为单个病例,以原发为主。本例病变原发于盆腔内,无明显伴发症状或体征,发现时肿瘤体积已较大,侵犯邻近膀胱并分界不清,合并坏死区,病理示CD34(+),肝区转移瘤与盆腔SFT病理一致,而Ki-67表达阳性比例> 5%,考虑为低度恶性。对于确诊SFT术后需常规随访。一般建议术后两年内每6个月随访1次,以后每年1次。目前患者肝内转移灶过多且部分病灶边界不清,不允许手术治疗,遂行放化疗并密切随访。
肿瘤特异性T细胞受体转基因T细胞免疫治疗

过继性T细胞免疫治疗已成为一种有效的肿瘤治疗手段,其对于癌灶具有靶向性,单次输注后稳定持续表达使其较单抗类药物更具优越性。T细胞受体(TCR)可特异性识别肿瘤细胞中常见的胞内突变蛋白抗原,使杀伤作用严格限定于肿瘤细胞。恶性肿瘤能通过各种方法来逃避免疫监视,因此很多具有创造性的基因修饰策略被引用于转基因T细胞的研究以促进对肿瘤细胞的特异性识别和杀伤。现对这些策略及其临床实践作一综述。
儿童发展性协调障碍及其康复评定

发展性协调障碍(developmental coordination disorder,DCD)是儿童动作技能协调性的障碍,这是一种常见的儿童发育性问题,但并未被广泛认识和理解。国外学者报道DCD在学龄前期及学龄期的发生率约为2%—10%,有研究显示我国儿童的DCD发生率远高于此。在国外,DCD已受到儿童康复专家、心理学家及教育界的广泛重视,已有关于DCD的系列研究。而在我国,长期以来由于社会经济发展的原因,这类缺陷对儿童产生的深刻影响尚未受到充分重视,本文拟对发展性协调障碍及其康复评定做一综述。
任务导向性训练及情景聚焦疗法在脑瘫患儿中的应用

脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)是导致儿童运动残疾的主要疾患,在欧洲每1000例活产儿中约2例患有脑瘫。2006年Rosenbaum等将脑瘫定义为:“发育中的胎儿或婴儿脑部受到非进行性损伤,出现持续存在的运动和姿势发育异常,并且导致了活动受限。”该定义强调了执行活动有困难。脑瘫的治疗目的就是提高患儿活动能力,最大限度地开发潜能,增强其在日常生活中的独立性。动态多系统发育理论指出,机体、任务特征及环境相互作用,对运动发育产生动态的影响。而目前的脑瘫治疗多关注机体异常,却对任务及环境重视不足,本文将介绍任务及环境方面对脑瘫患儿运动的影响,以任务导向性训练和情景聚焦疗法来具体阐释。
原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤放射、化学治疗后放射性肺炎误诊为肺结核一例

患者误诊的主要原因是依靠经验先入为主,因糖尿病患者发生活动性结核的概率为非糖尿病患者的2?3倍,且患者化学治疗时应用糖皮质激素,感染科及呼吸科医师在3次痰培养抗酸杆菌阴性情况下,因考虑到为恶性淋巴瘤且用糖皮质激素治疗,PPD试验阴性率高,未予PPD试验下结合胸部CT均考虑为肺结核,进行试验性用药;其次是地方医院分科日益精细,但专科医师的诊断思路却逐渐狭隘,3年住院医师规范化培训能提高低年资医师的临床水平,但对高年资医师的诊疗水平还是要靠不断的学习和积累,不能一切以会诊为主要解决方法。
新生儿阵发性室上性心动过速临床分析

新生儿阵发性室上性心动过速(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT)是新生儿期常见的心律失常,也是新生儿期急诊之一。发作时心率可达230~350次/min,不及时处理可引起急性心力衰竭、心源性休克,早期诊断并及时治疗预后好。现回顾性分析我院新生儿科及宁波市妇女儿童医院自2009年1月至2012年12月收治的15例PSVT新生儿临床资料。
继发于胱氨酸病的Fanconi综合征伴角膜病变一例

胱氨酸会不断在组织中堆积,由于角膜组织无血管的特性,使用全身药物很难在角膜基质中达到足够的药物浓度,因此结晶会不断出现堆积。有研究者利用半胱氨酸具有恢复电解质作用,使用0.55%半胱氨盐酸盐滴眼液局部点眼发现可有效去除角膜结晶,且药物对患者有良好的耐受性。
A simple and inexpensive method for muddy shore profiling

There are several well-established methods for obtaining beach profiles, and more accurate and precise high-tech methods are emerging. Traditional low-cost methods requiring minimal user skill or training are still popular among professionals, scientists, and coastal zone management practitioners. Simple methods are being developed with a primary focus on sand and gravel beaches. This paper describes a simple, low-cost, manual field method for measuring profiles of beaches, which is particularly suitable for muddy shores. The equipment is a type of flexible U-tube manometer that uses liquid columns in vertical tubes to measure differences in elevation; the supporting frame is constructed from wooden poles with base disks, which hold measuring scales and a PVC tube. The structure was trialed on a mudflat characterized by a 20–40-cm-thick surface layer of silt and clay, located at the Kutubdia Island, Bangladesh. The study results are discussed with notes on the method’s applicability, advantages and limitations, and several optional modifications for different scenarios for routine profiling of muddy shores. The equipment can be used by one person or two people, and the accuracy of the method is comparable to those in other methods. The equipment can also be used on sandy or gravel beaches.
非侵入性脑刺激技术在单侧空间忽略治疗中的应用进展

单侧空间忽略(unilateral spatial neglect, USN)又被称为半侧空间忽略(hemispatial neglect,HN),其在脑卒中人群内的发病率约为30% 。USN是一种神经功能障碍综合征,表现为患者无法意识到病灶对侧空间内的事物,不能对该空间内的事物作出正确的定向、反应及加工。目前常用的治疗方法包括常规作业训练、视动训练、颈部振动、前庭刺激(冷/热水)、半边透光眼镜、棱镜适应等。但上述方法还不足以彻底治愈USN,临床也尚未制订USN的标准化治疗方案。近年来,随着非侵入性脑刺激技术(noninvasive brain stimulation,NIBS)的发展,有部分研究利用重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)和经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)治疗USN,取得了一定疗效。本研究就目前NIBS在USN治疗中的应用进展综述如下。
核心稳定性训练结合闭链运动对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能的影响

目的观察核心稳定性训练结合闭链运动对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能的影响。方法将符合人选条件的恢复期脑卒中偏瘫患者56例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组28例。2组患者均给予常规药物治疗和康复训练。治疗组在常规康复训练的基础上采用不稳定平面(球、平衡垫、平衡板等)结合闭链运动方式进行非稳态下的躯干控制性训练。2组患者均于治疗前和治疗4周后(治疗后)进行偏瘫下肢运动功能评定(FMA)、平衡功能评定(FMB)、步行能力评定(FAC)及日常生活活动能力评定(MBI)。结果治疗后,2组患者各项指标与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),另治疗组患者的FMB评分、FAC分级及MBI评分分别为(12.13 ±1.89)分、(4. 29 ±1.08)级和(55.90 ±13.41)分,与对照组治疗后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论核心稳定性训练结合闭链运动能够促进脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能的恢复。
骨髓增生异常综合征诊断与治疗中国专家共识(2014年版)

骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndromes,MDS)是起源于造血干细胞的一组异质性髓系克隆性疾病,特点是髓系细胞发育异常,表现为无效造血、难治性血细胞减少,高风险向急性髓系白血病(AML)转化。为进一步提高我国MDS的诊治水平,中华医学会血液学分会在《骨髓增生异常综合征诊断与治疗专家共识(2012)》的基础上,结合近年来MDS领域的最新临床研究成果和国内的实际情况,达成以下共识。
Nonlocal Symmetries and Explicit Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation

The nonlocal symmetry of the Boussinesq equation is obtained from the known Lax pair. The explicit analytic interaction solutions between solitary waves and cnoidal waves are obtained through the localization procedure of nonlocal symmetry. Some other types of solutions, such as rational solutions and error function solutions, are given by using the fourth Painleve equation with special values of the parameters. For some interesting solutions, the figures are given out to show their properties.