mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province

Gold deposits in Jiaodong, termed Jiaodong-type, are tectonically located in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton. Their major features are reviewed in this paper to highlight the differences between Jiaodong deposits and other genetic types of gold deposits. The mineralization was synchronized with asthenosphere upwelling indicated by syn-ore OIB-like mafic dike and large-scale crustal thinning suggested by decrease of Sr/Y from pre-ore to syn-ore granites. Asthenosphere upwelling induced by the roll-back of Paleo-Pacific Plate drove partial melting of lithospheric mantle and devolatilization, which induced the release of the ore-forming fluids. In concomitant with magmatic records, mineralization migrated from the western Jiaobei terrane (133–127 Ma) to the eastern Sulu orogenic belt (114–108 Ma), corresponding to the eastward roll-back of Paleo-Pacific Plate. Gold mineralization in Jiaodong formed in the transitions of ductile to brittle deformation, rapid to slow crustal uplift, and regional compression to extension. In the regional-scale, the gold deposits in the Jiaobei terrane are mostly situated at intersections between NE-trending faults and EW-trending basement faults, and gold orebodies dominantly controlled by the lithologic contacts between Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites. The mineralization was dominated by the disseminated-veinlet ores related to quartz–sericite alteration in strong cataclasite-breccia zone, with subsidiary thick quartz-sulfide veins developed in secondary fault zones. The ore-forming fluids belong to a H_2O–CO_2–NaCl±CH_4 system and show minor variations in salinity among different types of ore. Structure-fluid feedback involving fluid-rock reaction and hydrofracturing triggered the fluid phase separation and resultant gold deposition. The Jiaodong gold deposits are distinct from orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits in terms of tectonic setting, origin of ore-forming fluids, and mechanism of gold deposition.
Data-Driven Discovery of Stochastic Differential Equations

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are mathematical models that are widely used to describe complex processes or phenomena perturbed by random noise from different sources. The identification of SDEs governing a system is often a challenge because of the inherent strong stochasticity of data and the complexity of the system's dynamics. The practical utility of existing parametric approaches for identifying SDEs is usually limited by insufficient data resources. This study presents a novel framework for identifying SDEs by leveraging the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) technique to search for a parsimonious, yet physically necessary representation from the space of candidate basis functions. More importantly, we use the analytical tractability of SBL to develop an efficient way to formulate the linear regression problem for the discovery of SDEs that requires considerably less time-series data. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated using real data on stock and oil prices, bearing variation, and wind speed, as well as simulated data on well-known stochastic dynamical systems, including the generalized Wiener process and Langevin equation. This framework aims to assist specialists in extracting stochastic mathematical models from random phenomena in the natural sciences, economics, and engineering fields for analysis, prediction, and decision making.
Modulational Instability of Optical Vortices in Engineered Saturable Media

Propagation of light beams in turbid media such as underwater environments, fog, clouds, or biological tissues finds increasingly important applications in science and technology, including bio-imaging, underwater communication, and free-space communication technologies. While many of these applications traditionally relied on conventional, linearly polarized Gaussian beams, light possesses many degrees of freedom that are still largely unexplored, such as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here, we present nonlinear light-matter interactions of such complex light beams with "rotational" degrees of freedom in engineered nonlinear colloidal media. By making use of both variational and perturbative approach, we consider non-cylindrical optical vortices, elliptical optical vortices, and higher-order Bessel beams integrated in time (HOBBIT) to predict the dynamics and stability of the evolution of these beams. These results may find applications in many scenarios involving light transmission in strongly scattering environments.
Hacking Contests Offer Big Payouts for Exposing Security Flaws

Like any competitor, Yueqi Chen was anxious as he awaited the chance to demonstrate his skill in public. It was the afternoon of 19 May 2022, and Chen, then a visiting fellow in computer science at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, USA, was sitting at a cloth-draped table in front of a small audience at Pwn2Own 2022 Vancouver, a computer hacking competition held at the Vancouver Sheraton Wall Centre in Canada. This session of the competition would test an exploit—invasive code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability—that Chen and his colleague Zhenpeng Lin, a Northwestern University doctoral student, had devised to seize control of the Ubuntu Desktop, a widely used operating system.
Unconventional Petroleum Sedimentology: A Key to Understanding Unconventional Hydrocarbon Accumulation

The commercial exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources (e.g., shale oil/gas and tight oil/gas) has drastically changed the global energy structure within the past two decades. Sweet-spot intervals (areas), the most prolific unconventional hydrocarbon resources, generally consist of extraordinarily high organic matter (EHOM) deposits or closely associated sandstones/carbonate rocks. The formation of sweet-spot intervals (areas) is fundamentally controlled by their depositional and subsequent diagenetic settings, which result from the coupled sedimentation of global or regional geological events, such as tectonic activity, sea level (lake level) fluctuations, climate change, bottom water anoxia, volcanic activity, biotic mass extinction or radiation, and gravity flows during a certain geological period. Black shales with EHOM content and their associated high-quality reservoir rocks deposited by the coupling of major geological events provide not only a prerequisite for massive hydrocarbon generation but also abundant hydrocarbon storage space. The Ordovician–Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shale of the Sichuan Basin, Devonian Marcellus shale of the Appalachian Basin, Devonian–Carboniferous Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin, and Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are four typical unconventional hydrocarbon systems selected as case studies herein. In each case, the formation of sweet-spot intervals for unconventional hydrocarbon resources was controlled by the coupled sedimentation of different global or regional geological events, collectively resulting in a favorable environment for the production, preservation, and accumulation of organic matter, as well as for the generation, migration, accumulation, and exploitation of hydrocarbons. Unconventional petroleum sedimentology, which focuses on coupled sedimentation during dramatic environmental changes driven by major geological events, is key to improve the understanding of the formation and distribution of sweet-spot intervals (areas) in unconventional petroleum systems.
Identification of a class of potent USP25/28 inhibitors with broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity

Dear Editor,An increasing body of evidence suggests that USP28 could be a target for cancer treatment.To identify its inhibitors,we screened a 100-thousand synthetic compound library and found 3 lead compounds,CT1001-1003,that showed significant inhibitory activity (Supplementary Fig.1a).The optimization of these compounds led to CT1018,a much stronger inhibitor (Supplementary Fig.1b).CT1018 is almost the same as CT1002 except that it is semi-methylated at the 3-amino group.Interestingly,fully methylating the 3-amino group (CT1038,Supplementary Fig.1c) almost killed the inhibitory activity,and replacing the methyl group with an ethyl group (CT1047,Supplementary Fig.1c) also led to a weaker inhibitor.These results indicate that the semi-methylation of the 3-amino group is critical for the inhibitory activity.However,CT1018 was inactive in cell-based assays.Continued optimization resulted in CT1073 and CT1113 (Fig.1 a).These two compounds are potent against USP28 as well as the closely-related USP25 (Supplementary Fig.1f).The importance of the semi-methylation at the 3-amino group is also true for CT1073,as its unmethylated version,CT1008,is a much weaker inhibitor (Supplementary Fig.1d).CT1113 contains a chiral center and one enantiomer is much more potent than another (Supplementary Fig.1e).The specificity of these compounds was demonstrated by the lack of activities of as much as 10 µM CT1073 or CT1113 against other deubiquitinases and SENP1 (Supplementary Fig.1g).Furthermore,we measured the interaction kinetics between the inhibitors and USP25/28 with an SPR instrument.As shown in Supplementary Fig.1h,i,CT1073 and CT1113 have similar KDs for USP25 and USP28.
High-response n-butanol gas sensor based on ZnO/In_2O_3 heterostructure

In this study,ZnO/In_2O_3-heterostructured nano-sheets were prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method.The effects of ZnO content on the gas-sensing performance were discussed,with ZnO/In_2O_3-2 exhibiting the highest performance among the prepared sensors.The response of ZnO/In_2O_3-2 to n-butanol was 302 at 26 °C,which was 11.93 times higher than that of pure In_2O_3.Among the eight tested gases,ZnO/In_2O_3-2 displayed the highest response to n-butanol.Moreover,the lower detection limit of the ZnO/In_2O_3 nanosheets was reduced from 10 × 10~(-6) to 0.1 × 10~(-6) (for pure In_2O_3 nanosheets) toward n-butanol.This is because the doping of Zn~(2+) increases the number of oxygen vacancies on the sensor surface and allows the formation of an n-n heterostructure between ZnO and In_2O_3,which increases the initial resistance of the sensor.
Effect of contamination and relative humidity on the function of thyristor voltage monitoring board

In recent years, shutdown accidents caused by thyristor voltage monitoring (TVM) board failure have occurred several times in converter stations. With the increase of operation time, the working reliability problem of TVM board becomes a challenge to the safe operation. This paper studies the effects of pollution severity and relative humidity (RH) on the function of TVM board. The results show that the increase of RH can lead to the advance or even disappearance of check-back signals. Furthermore, the increase of pollution severity can decrease the failure RH threshold. Through simulation and equivalent experiment, it is verified that the resistance decrease of the voltage balancing resistor under the combined effect of contamination and RH is the main reason for the advance of check-back signals. According to the experiments, it is found that the upper surface contamination has a greater effect on the function of TVM board than the lower surface contamination, resulting in more decrease of the failure RH threshold. In addition, leakage current at different RH is also measured. Results show that the pulse peak of leakage current is closely related to check-back signals. When the pulse peak is too small or disappears, check-back signals also disappear, indicating that the TVM board fails.
A simple method considering the synergetic effect of space charge and inhomogeneous material conductivity for DC electric field computation

The current continuity equation is usually applied to solve DC electric field distribution when there is inhomogeneous material conductivity due to temperature gradient or multi-layer dielectrics. However, in the presence of charge accumulation, which may result from the process of electrode injection, impurity ionisation or charge trapping, the material conductivity is in tangled relationship with local field strength, and the current continuity equation can be hardly applied due to the ignorance of conductivity distribution. Thus, quantitative analysis on the effect of space (surface) charge for DC apparatus with inhomogeneous material conductivity has been a difficult problem, which requires a complicated physical model to solve. This paper has proposed a simple method to compute the synergetic influence of inhomogeneous conductivity and the space charge on the DC field distribution; through assigning bulk (interface) charge as functions of local material conductivity and field strength, the effect of inhomogeneous conductivity can be incorporated in Gauss' law and the space charge accumulation can be further included in the equation. The effect of space (surface) charge on electric field distribution in DC apparatus with temperature gradient as well as multiple-layer dielectrics is simulated through the proposed method, which shows that the method has offered a convenient approach for investigating the effect of charge accumulation on DC field distribution under various insulation structure and working conditions.
The synergistic effect of micro structure/nanofiller/superhydrophobicity on the surface flashover

The surface flashover is affected by many factors, such as surface roughness, nanofillers and chemical functional groups. In this research study, polyamide mesh was utilised as a scaffold to systematically study the synergistic effect of micro structure/nanofiller/superhydrophobicity on the surface flashover. Based on the dissolution and resolidification method, nanofillers were partially embedded into the mesh fabrics. Here, Al_2O_3 nanoparticles were used as a typical non-conductive nanofiller, and carbon nanotubes were used as a typical conductive nanofiller. Moreover, the micro structure was determined by altering the mesh size, and chemical fluorination was utilised to change the surface chemical group. It was found that the polyamide mesh with 300# demonstrated best anti-flashover properties. Chemical fluorination could effectively improve the flashover voltage. By further adjusting the ratio of Al_2O_3 to carbon nanotubes, the flashover voltage can be increased by up to 30%.
Chinese science diplomacy in Arctic climate governance based on a survey and interviews with Chinese scientists

Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature. This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance. It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency. A multi-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review, participant interviews, and questionnaires, is adopted. Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings, the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists’ understandings of the topic. In contrast to the participants’ vague theoretical responses, the outlines of China’s Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework. The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict. Moreover, it is suggested that, to further develop China’s Arctic science diplomacy, it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China’s science diplomacy. The study’s empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.
Adaptive strategies to fast multipole method in photoionisation calculations for streamer discharges

Recently, a new framework to compute the photoionisation rate in streamer discharges accurately and efficiently using the integral model and the fast multipole method (FMM) was presented. This paper further improves the efficiency of this framework with adaptive strategies. The adaptive strategies are based on the magnitude of radiation and the electric field during the streamer propagation, and are applied to the selection of the source and target points. The accuracy and efficiency of this adaptive FMM are studied quantitatively for different domain sizes, pressures and adaptive criteria, in comparison with some existing efficient approaches to compute the photoionisation. It is shown that appropriate adaptive strategies reduce the calculation time of the FMM greatly, and maintain the high accuracy that the numerical error is still much smaller than other methods based on partial differential equations. The performance of the proposed adaptive method is also studied for a three-dimensional positive streamer interacting problem with a plasma cloud, which shows that the FMM with proper adaptive strategies is even faster than the partial differential equation based methods with efficient boundary conditions for the ionisation calculation.
pPeOp inhibits HGC-27 cell proliferation, migration and invasion by upregulating miR-30b-5p and down-regulating the Rac1/Cdc42 pathway

Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently occurring and the fourth most lethal malignant cancer worldwide. A bioactive protein (pPeOp) from Omphalia lapidescens exhibits significant inhibitory effects on gastric cancer cells. miRNA deep sequencing analysis shows that miR-30b-5p is significantly upregulated in HGC-27 cells treated with pPeOp. Verification results show that the expression level of miR-30b-5p is significantly increased in HGC-27 cells after pPeOp treatment. Additionally, miR-30b-5p is significantly downregulated in clinical gastric cancer tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Following pPeOp treatment and/or transfection with miR-30b-5p mimic, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC-27 cells are significantly impaired. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that pPeOp and/or miR-30b-5p destroy(s) microfilaments and microstructures and inhibit(s) the formation of pseudopodia. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and western blot analysis confirm that miR-30b-5p downregulates Rac1/Cdc42 expression and activation by targeting RAB22A. Available data indicate that miR-30b-5p plays an anti-gastric cancer role in mediating pPeOp. pPeOp upregulates miR-30b-5p expression, which in turn inhibits RAB22A expression, resulting in a reduction in the expression and activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and their downstream targets, thus destroying the cytoskeletal structure and inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells.
Construction of CoNi_2S_4 nanocubes interlinked by few-layer Ti_3C_2T_x MXene with high performance for asymmetric supercapacitors

Both MXene and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) derivatives are tend to agglomerate during the compound process, which adversely affects their electrochemical properties. To alleviate this phenomenon, few-layer MXene was stripped by mechanical method, and electrostatic self-assembly with ZIF-67 in the presence of cationic surfactants. Furthermore, CoNi_2S_4/MXene composite was synthesized by the facile hydrothermal reaction. CoNi_2S_4 well retained the cube frame structure of the ZIF-67 with the sagging outer frame and rough surface. In the composite,CoNi_2S_4 nanocubes were interlinked by MXene nanosheets,which can effectively improve the structural stability and make full use of the active surface. CoNi_2S_4/MXene composite electrode exhibits an outperforming specific capacitance (751 C·g~(-1) at 1 A·g~(-1)),far higher than that of pure CoNi_2S_4 (600 C·g~(-1) at 1 A·g~(-1)). An asymmetric supercapacitor (CoNi_2S_4/MXene//reduced graphene oxide (RGO)) assembling delivers high energy density of 33.8 Wh·kg~(-1) and excellent cycling performance. This study indicates the potential of MXene/ZIF derivatives in the application of supercapacitor.
Na_3Zr_2Si_2PO_(12) solid-state electrolyte with glass-like morphology for enhanced dendrite suppression

Rechargeable batteries based on solid-state electrolytes are of great interest and importance for the next-generation energy storage due to their high energy output and improved safety. For building the solid-state batteries, Na_3Zr_2Si_2PO_(12) (NZSP) represents a promising candidate as it features high chemical stability against air exposure and a high Na~+ conductivity. NZSP pellets were usually calcined at a high temperature,and the high volatility of Na and P elements easily led to the formation of impurity phase. In this work, the effects of calcination temperature and stoichiometry on the phase purity and ionic conductivity of the NZSP electrolyte were studied. At an elevated sintering temperature, the NZSP electrolyte showed a high ionic conductivity owing to decreased porosity, and the highest ionic conductivity at 30 °C was observed to be 2.75 × 10~(-5) S·cm~(-1) with an activation energy of 0.41 eV. For the stoichiometry, the introduction of 5 mol% excessive P results in formation of more Na_3PO_4 and glass-like phase at the grain boundary, which caused the blurred grain boundary and reduced grain barrier, and effectively suppressed Na dendrite growth,then accounted for improved cycling performance of a NallNa symmetric cell. Our work provided insights on reasonable design and preparation of NZSP electrolyte towards practical realization of solid-state Na-metal batteries.
High performance lithium oxygen batteries based on a phosphorous-doped holey graphene cathode

The sluggish electrochemical kinetics of cathode is one of the critical issues for the development of high performance lithium oxygen batteries (LOBs). Graphene-based materials have attracted great attentions as advanced cathode catalyst for LOBs due to their unique physical and chemical features. The morphology control and heteroatoms-doping have been proven to be efficient ways to modify graphene-based materials with enhanced LOBs performance. Herein, we synthesized a series of holey graphene (hG-x) with different pore sizes and further introduced phosphorus into hG-2 (P-hG-2). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of holey structures and P doping, the P-hG-2 as cathode for LOBs exhibits the outstanding lithium storage properties with a max discharge capacity of 16546 mAh·g~(-1) at 100 mA·g~(-1) and good cycling life of 91 cycles at 1000 mA·g~(-1).
Kinetics study of the N-formylation of aniline with DMF catalyzed by temperature-controlled Bronsted ionic liquids

A series of SO_3-functional Bronsted acidic ionic liquids(SBAILs) were prepared to catalyze the Nformylation of aniline with DMF. The reaction conditions such as ionic liquid type, reaction temperature, catalyst loading and molar ratio of reactants were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, kinetic model for the N-formylation of aniline with DMF using SBAIL was firstly built and simulated. The studies on the reaction order of the reaction were evaluated by initial concentration method, and the kinetic parameters such as reaction rate constant and activation energy were proposed and used to explain the catalytic activities of the SBAILs catalysts. Accordingly, the recycling experiments showed that the SBAIL [Bsmim][HSO_4] can be easily recovered and reused with stable activity. Further, the temperature-controlled study emphasized that the ionic liquid was easy to be separated and environmentally friendly.