mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of heavy metal (Pb) concentration on some growth parameters of plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment

This study investigated morphological variation and biomass accumulation that occurred in Sida acuta and Chromolaena odorata plants grown in lead polluted soil under organic fertilizer amendment. The study was carried out in the screen house at the Biological Gardens of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. The experiment was a factorial combination of one heavy metal (Pb) at five levels of concentration (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 mg/kg) in a completely randomized design, and were replicated three times for each of the two plants and two levels (0 g/kg and 9.4 g/kg) of organic fertilizer (OBD-Plus). Each pot was filled with 5 kg of air-dried and sieved soil and placed on a plastic tray for the collection of excess water. Two weeks after planting, seedlings of uniform height were transplanted from the nursery to experimental pots at the rate of one seedling per pot and grown for 10 weeks. The growth parameters of the plants were biomonitored for 7 weeks. After 10 weeks of treatment, the plants were harvested and dried to calculate the biomass accumulation. The two plant species performed better under fertilizer application than without it. For each of the plant species the growth parameters decreased as the levels of Pb concentration increased. Furthermore, the plants' biomass decreased significantly (p <0.05) as the levels of Pb concentration increased. The organic fertilizer helped to improve the plants' performance in lead-polluted soil.
Characterization of contemporary aeolian dust deposition on mountain glaciers of western China

From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrations and dust deposition fluxes in western China. The results show that the mass concentrations of insoluble particles exhibit high spatial variation and strongly decrease (by a factor of approximately 50) from the north (Tienshan Mountains) to the south (Himalayas). However, the insoluble particles concentrations at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) sites are also high and approximately 30 times greater than those in the Himalayas. The spatial distribution of the dust flux is similar to that of the mass concentrations; however, the high dust deposition rate in the southeastern TP is very significant as a result of the extensive snow accumulation (precipitation) in this region. The average sizes of the insoluble particles at each site generally exhibit bimodal distributions with peaks at approximately 5 μm and 10 μm, which can be explained as resulting from dust emissions from regional and local sources, respectively. The enrichment factors for most of the elements measured in insoluble particles are less than 10 at all of the study sites, indicating primarily crustal sources. However, the sites located in the peripheral mountains of western China, such as the Tienshan Mountains and the Himalayas, are characterized by high levels of certain enrichment elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, Cr, and V) indicative of sources related to the long-range transport of pollutants.
A de novo transcriptomic analysis to reveal functional genes in Apolygus lucorum

The widespread planting of genetically engineered cotton producing the Cry1Ac toxin has led to significantly reduced pesticide applications since 1997. However, consequently, the number of green mirid bugs (GMB), Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur) has increased. So far the GMB, instead of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), has become the major pest in the transgenic Bt cotton field and has influenced cotton yield. Disproportionately, only a few studies on GMB at molecular level have been reported. Libraries from both third instar nymphs and adults were sequenced using Illumina technology, producing more than 106 million short reads and assembled into 63 029 unigenes of mean length 597 nt and N50 813 nt, ranging from 300 nt to 9771 nt. BLASTx analysis against Nr, Swissprot, GO and COG was performed to annotate these unigenes. As a result, 26 478 unigenes (42.01%) matched to known proteins and 107 immune-related, 320 digestive-related and 53 metamorphosis-related geneswere detected in these annotated unigenes. Additionally, we profiled gene expression using mapping based differentially expressed genes (DEGs) strategy between the two developmental stages: nymph and adult. The results demonstrated that thousands of genes were significantly differentially expressed at different developmental stages. The transcriptome and gene expression data provided comprehensive and global gene resources of GMB. This transcriptome would improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of various underlying biological characteristics, including development, digestion and immunity in GMB. Therefore, these findings could help elucidate the intrinsic factors of the GMB resurgence, offering novel pest management targets for future transgenic cotton breeding.
颈动脉内膜切除术后认知功能障碍相关因素的研究进展

术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)是指手术麻醉后数天内发生的意识、认知、定向、思维、记忆以及睡眠等方面的紊乱,是一种可逆的、具有波动性的急性精神紊乱综合征,发病率为3% ~ 61% 。颈动脉内膜切除术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)是治疗重度颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的方法,虽然可以有效降低患者卒中发生率,但POCD的发生率可达19.0% ~ 71.6% 。POCD可以导致患者病死率增加、康复延迟,甚至影响患者出院后的生活质量。POCD的发生机制目前仍不清楚。明确CEA后POCD的相关因素对进一步探寻其发生机制及预防POCD的发生具有重要意义。笔者就CEA POCD的相关因素进行综述如下。
风城油田超稠油污油处理技术

以新疆风城油田超稠油联合站污油为研究对象,针对污油难处理问题,通过对污油中胶质、沥青质和固体颗粒杂质等物质含量及污油特性的分析,找出污油破乳脱水困难的原因,最终确定杂质和Zeta电位是超稠油污油脱水困难的主要因素。在污油传统处理技术基础上,结合该联合站污油的特点,进行现场处理技术实验研究,最终确定采用"有机弱酸破乳剂体系下的掺柴油和热化学沉降"处理工艺。该工艺应用后,有效解决了超稠油污油的处理难题,累计处理污油液量23.1×10~4t,节约污油破乳剂34.6 t,产生经济效益4 704.9×10~4t元。
水驱油物理模拟相似准则研究

为确定水驱油物理模拟主要相似准数,运用方程分析法,推导了注采井定压生产的三维水驱油物理模拟相似准则,得到24个物理意义明确的相似准数。通过敏感性数值分析,计算得到敏感因子取值为10~(-5)~10~1,定量确定了各个相似准数的主次关系,发现储层渗透率、流体饱和度在物理模拟实验中占据重要地位。研究表明:敏感因子大小随原油黏度变化而变化,从而划分了不同黏度条件下的主要相似准数,并且所推导的相似准数可以推广到不同构造倾角的油藏。该研究对水驱油物理模拟模型设计和实验运行具有指导意义。
重32井区SAGD开发阶段生产参数优化

重32井区SAGD开发区为风城油田首个SAGD规模化推广区,目前各井组处于蒸汽腔上升阶段。为加速蒸汽腔扩展速度、提高油藏开发效果,需要对生产阶段进行生产参数优化。利用油藏数值模拟技术,通过确定生产阶段的目标函数及生产参数,对"两目标、三因素、三因子"进行敏感性分析,根据注采参数的影响结果进行生产参数优化。研究结果表明,生产阶段高压扩腔、增汽提液、均衡控液的调控思路可有效提高SAGD开发效果。该研究现场应用后,单井组日产油由16.4 t/d上升至21.6 t/d,油汽比由0.19上升至0.24,开发效果显著提升,为同类油藏提高SAGD开发效果提供了借鉴。
一种判别页岩气流动状态的新方法

为探索页岩气开发规律,针对传统数据分析中未考虑气体分子沿孔隙表面发生具有滑脱效应的非达西渗流的情况,基于涪陵焦石坝页岩储层地质特征,运用双重介质渗流理论,分析焦石坝页岩气藏多级压裂水平井产量数据,推导出规整化产量与物质平衡时间双对数曲线,将涪陵页岩分段压裂气井流动阶段分为早期裂缝线性流动、裂缝-基质双线性流动、基质线性流动3个可以识别的阶段。采用该方法对焦石坝区块累计产量超过4 000×10~4m~3的10口井进行预测,生产动态表明,所建模型具有较好的适应性,为页岩气的规模开发提供了指导作用。
长白坳陷白垩系火山岩储层特征

长白坳陷是一个典型多旋回叠合型盆地,蕴藏数量可观的油气资源。基于30余口探井资料、煤田钻井的地质及测井资料和145块岩石样品的测试结果,结合火山岩岩相图和产能资料分析,系统研究了长白坳陷白垩系火山岩储层特征及其影响因素。综合分析认为,长白坳陷的有利储层主要发育在断裂交汇部位、火山口-近火山口相带中爆发相的火山碎屑岩及凝灰质砂岩岩层中。研究为综合评价长白坳陷有利火山岩储层提供了一定的依据。
湘鄂西下志留统龙马溪组页岩含气性测井评价

测井评价技术具有纵向上信息连续且分辨率高的优势,利用测井技术评价页岩含气性,能经济并有效地指导页岩气勘探。遴选了与湘鄂西龙马溪组页岩地质参数密切相关的测井曲线,应用合适的计算模型对有机地球化学、储层物性和含气性参数进行预测和评价。测井评价结果显示该地区龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度高,孔隙度较低,含气饱和度高,吸附气含量较游离气多,总含气量较高,平均为1.705 m~3/t。通过对3段页岩气层的研究,认为含气量与TOC和孔隙度成正相关关系,且单位TOC的含气量和孔隙度在页岩底部会明显升高,为页岩底部储集空间大、封闭性强、天然气逸散能力弱所致,说明该地区龙马溪组页岩层底部具有较强的页岩气富集能力。
富林、青东地区中生界火山岩储层特征

为了明确济阳坳陷东部富林、青东地区中生界火山岩储层特征,利用岩心、薄片及分析化验资料对该区火山岩进行了研究。研究表明:该区主要发育玄武粗安岩、粗安岩、凝灰岩及火山角砾岩4种火山岩储层岩石类型,玄武粗安岩、粗安岩属高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列,具有壳幔混源的地球化学特征;该区古火山具有点式喷发的特点,形成的火山岩相以爆发相和溢流相为主,原生储集空间主要为粒间孔和残余气孔,次生储集空间主要为裂缝和基质溶孔;受岩相、构造活动、风化及溶蚀作用、充填作用的控制,火山岩有利储层平面上分布于裂缝发育带与古火山口周缘叠加区域,垂向上发育在风化淋滤带与熔岩顶底冷凝带内。利用研究成果厘定了平面上有利勘探区带,为研究区下一步油气勘探部署奠定了基础。
齐家南地区高台子油层致密油成藏模式

近年来,大庆齐家南地区高台子油层致密油显示了较大的资源潜力,但其源储关系不明,成藏模式不清,难以确定甜点,增加了勘探风险。为了弄清研究区的源储关系及对应的成藏模式,利用钻井、测井和实验资料数据,结合沉积微相分析、油藏类型分析等综合研究,总结出致密油源储组合类型和成藏模式。结果表明,研究区发育4种类型的源储组合成藏模式:三明治型源储组合成藏模式、下源上储复合型源储组合成藏模式、上源下储型源储组合成藏模式和薄互层型成藏模式。该区致密油藏以三明治型源储成藏模式和下源上储型源储成藏模式为主,油气富集程度最高;薄互层类型的源储组合不利于石油的富集。该认识在一定程度上指导了研究区的勘探开发工作。
徐东地区营城组一段火山岩储层综合定量评价

针对火山岩储层非均质性较强,有效评价难度大等问题,以松辽盆地徐东地区白垩系营城组一段火山岩储层为例,运用SPSS聚类分析软件,利用10口井60块岩心分析测试资料、23口井206块压汞资料和32口井的精细测井解释成果,对储层进行了综合定量评价。结果表明,研究区目的层火山岩可以划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ等4类储层,其中I类储层最少,储层以II类和III类(中等至差储层)为主,有利储层发育的部位主要位于研究区的中北部和西南部,层位主要为YC1I1小层和YC1II1小层,储层分类评价的结果为开发方案设计提供了重要的地质依据。
Equilibrium and kinetics of copper ions removal from wastewater by ion exchange

The removal of copper ions from wastewater by ion exchange has been studied using an iminodiacetate resin. The capacity of the resin for the copper ions has been determined to be 2.30 mmol·g~(-1) by measuring the equilibrium isotherm at 25 °C and initial pH value of 3.5 where the final equilibrium pH value is 5. An analysis of equilibrium isotherm models showed that the best fit model was the Langmuir-Freundlich. The kinetics of the ion exchange process have been investigated and four kinetic models have been tested namely: Ritchie model, pseudo-second order model, pseudo-first order model and the Elovich model. The pseudo-second order model provides the best fit to the kinetic data.
A computational analysis of the impact of mass transport and shear on three-dimensional stem cell cultures in perfused micro-bioreactors

In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate and compare the impact of bioreactor parameters (such as its geometry, medium flow-rate, scaffold configuration) on the local transport phenomena and, hence, their impact on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) expansion. The geometric characteristics of the TissueFlex? (Zyoxel Limited, Oxford, UK) microbioreactor were considered to set up a virtual bioreactor containing alginate (in both slab and bead configuration) scaffolds. The bioreactor and scaffolds were seeded with cells that were modelled as glucose consuming entities. The widely used glucose medium, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), supplied at two inlet flow rates of 25 and 100 μl·h~(-1), was modelled as the fluid phase inside the bioreactors. The investigation, based on applying dimensional analysis to this problem, as well as on detailed three-dimensional transient CFD results, revealed that the default bioreactor design and boundary conditions led to internal and external glucose transport, as well as shear stresses, that are conducive to hMSC growth and expansion. Furthermore, results indicated that the ‘top-inout’ design (as opposed to its symmetric counterpart) led to higher shear stress for the same media inlet rate (25 μl·h~(-1)), a feature that can be easily exploited to induce shear-dependent differentiation. These findings further confirm the suitability of CFD as a robust design tool.
In-situ design and construction of lithium-ion battery electrodes on metal substrates with enhanced performances: A brief review

For the ever-growing demand of advanced lithium-ion batteries, it is highly desirable to grow self-supported micro-/nanostructured arrays onmetal substrates as electrodes directly. The in-situ growth of electrode materials on the conducting substrates greatly simplifies the electrode fabrication process without using any binders or conductive additives. Moreover, the well-ordered arrays closely connected to the current collectors can provide direct electron transport pathways and enhanced accommodation of strains arisen from lithium ion lithiation/ delithiation. This article summarizes our recent work on design and construction of lithium-ion battery electrodes on metal substrates. An aqueous solution-based process and a microemulsion-mediated process have been respectively presented to control the kinetic and thermodynamic processes for the micro-/ nanostructured array growth on metal substrates, with particular attention to CuO nanorod arrays and microcog arrays successfully prepared on Cu foil substrates. They can be directly used as binder-free electrodes to build advanced lithium-ion batteries with high energy, high safety and high stability.
Plasmon-driven reaction controlled by the number of graphene layers and localized surface plasmon distribution during optical excitation

Graphene-plasmonic hybrid platforms have attracted an enormous amount of interest in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); however, the mechanism of employing graphene is still ambiguous, so clarification about the complex interaction among molecules, graphene, and plasmon processes is urgently needed. We report that the number of graphene layers controlled the plasmon-driven, surface-catalyzed reaction that converts para-aminothiophenol (PATP)-to-p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) on chemically inert, graphene-coated, silver bowtie nanoantenna arrays. The catalytic reaction was monitored by SERS, which revealed that the catalytic reaction occurred on the chemical inertness monolayer graphene (lG)-coated silver nanostructures. The introduction of 1G enhances the plasmon-driven surface-catalyzed reaction of the conversion of PATP-to-p,p'-DMAB. The chemical reaction is suppressed by bilayer graphene. In the process of the catalytic reaction, the electron transfer from the PATP molecule to lG-coated silver nanostructures. Subsequently, the transferred electrons on the graphene recombine with the hot-hole produced by the localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanostructures. Then, a couple of PATP molecules lost electrons are catalyzed into the p,p'-DMAB molecule on the graphene surface. The experimental results were further supported by the finite-difference time-domain method and quantum chemical calculations.
Effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on P-wave duration, P-wave dispersion and left atrial size

Background P-wave dispersion (PWD), a measure of heterogeneity of atrial refractoriness, is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum P-wave duration. In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), P-wave duration and PWD were shown to be increased,indicating atrial electrical remodeling. However, the effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on P-wave morphology has not been established yet. The aim of this study is to assess the short and long-term effects of TAVR with two types of bioprosthetic valves on P-wave duration and PWD in association with left atrial (LA) size. Methods Fifty-two (36 female) eligible patients in sinus rhythm who underwent transfemoral TAVR between June 01, 2012 and July 31, 2014 with either a Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) (n = 32) or an Edwards SAPIEN XT Valve (n = 20) were enrolled. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and echocardiographic evaluations were performed pre-procedurally, post-TAVR day one and 6 months post-TAVR. P-wave duration and PWD were measured and correlation analyses with echocardiographic variables were performed. Results P-wave duration and PWD were significantly decreased on post-TAVR day one(P < 0.05). They continued to decrease during the six month follow-up period, but were not significantly different from short-term values (P > 0.05). The decrease of LA diameter was found significant at the sixth-months of follow-up (P < 0.05). These changes were independent from the types of bioprosthetic valves implanted (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was detected between minimum P-wave duration and maximum aortic valve gradients at post-TAVR day one (r = 0.297, P = 0.032). Conclusions P-wave duration and PWD were significantly reduced early after TAVR indicating early reverse atrial electrical remodeling. Moreover, structural reverse remodeling of atrium was detected at the 6-months of follow-up. The effects of two types of bioprosthetic valves on atrial remodeling were similar.
不同干燥方法对柴胡有效成分含量的影响及评价

目的:研究不同干燥条件、处理方法对柴胡新鲜根有效成分含量的影响,为确定柴胡最佳干燥方法、提高柴胡品质提供依据。方法:采用晒干、阴干、50 ℃烘干、100 ℃烘干、微波干燥5种方法对柴胡样品进行干燥处理。采用热浸法测定醇溶性浸出物含量;HPLC法测定柴胡中柴胡皂苷a、d含量;分光光度法测定柴胡中柴胡总皂苷含量;利用隶属函数分析对不同干燥方法下柴胡的有效成分含量进行综合评价。结果:不同干燥条件、处理方法对柴胡有效成分含量影响显著;综合评价结果表明,不同干燥方法下柴胡有效成分含量由高至低的排序为:100 ℃烘干>微波干燥 > 阴干 > 晒干>50℃ 烘干。结论:100 ℃烘干为5种干燥方法中最优的柴胡干燥方法,其次是微波干燥。
UPLC-MS/MS法测定南方山荷叶与八角莲中4种木脂素类成分的含量

目的:建立UPLC-MS/MS法测定南方山荷叶与八角莲中鬼臼毒素-4-O-葡萄糖苷、4'-去甲鬼臼毒素、鬼臼毒素、4-去氧鬼臼毒素的含量。方法:采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm ×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(10 mmol/L乙酸铵)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃;质谱条件:采用正离子的模式,以MRM配对离子方式进行定量分析。结果:4种木脂素类成分均在4 min内出峰且分离良好,鬼臼毒素4-0-葡萄糖苷、4'-去甲鬼臼毒素、鬼臼毒素、4-去氧鬼臼毒素分别在156.25 ~ 10 000 ng/mL、40.63 ~2 600 ng/mL、159.38 ~ 10 200 ng/mL、8.13 ~520 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r >0.998),平均加样回收率为98.2% ~ 105.0%, RSD均小于4.2% (n = 3)。结论:该方法专属性强、快速灵敏,可用于南方山荷叶与八角莲中多种成分含量的测定。
橘核柠檬苦素葡萄糖基转移酶基因(lgt)的克隆与表达分析

目的:从橘核主要来源品种大红袍Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’的总RNA中克隆获得柠檬苦素葡萄糖基转移酶基因(lgt),并对其进行生物信息学相关表达分析。方法:提取橘核总RNA,克隆获得了lgt基因序列,通过生物信息学对其蛋白的特征进行分析,构建lgt与其相关物种lgt的系统进化树,利用RT-PCR分析橘核不同时期的lgt基因表达量,并进行分析。结果:克隆获得lgt基因的总长度为1 372 bp,编码457个氨基酸,利用生物信息学分析其属于糖基转移酶超家族的亲水性蛋白,有较多的α-螺旋和自由卷曲,存在于真核生物细胞质,通过RT-PCR分析种子在脱水干燥时期表达量最低,其次为形态建成时期,成熟时期表达量最高。结论:首次从大红袍中成功克隆lgt基因,为橘核中柠檬苦素类物质合成及调控机制奠定了基础。
Deep-water carbonate dissolution in the northern South China Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3

The production, transportation, deposition, and dissolution of carbonate profoundly form part of the global carbon cycle and affect the amount and distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (ALK), which drive atmospheric CO_2 changes during glacial/interglacial cycles. These processes may provide significant clues for better understanding of the mechanisms that control the global climate system. In this study, we calculate and analyze the foraminiferal dissolution index (FDX) and the fragmentation ratios of planktonic foraminifera for the 60-25 ka B.P. time-span, based on samples from Core 17924 and ODP Site 1144 in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), so as to reconstruct the deep-water carbonate dissolution during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). Our analysis shows that the dissolution of carbonate increases gradually in Core 17924, whereas it remains stable at ODP Site 1144. This difference is caused by the deep-sea carbonate ion concentration ([CO_3~(2-)]) that affected the dissolution in Core 17924 where the depth of 3440 m is below the saturation horizon. However, the depth of ODP Site 1144 is 2037 m, which is above the lysocline where the water is always saturated with calcium carbonate; the dissolution is therefore less dependent of chemical changes of the seawater. The combined effect of the productivity and the deep-water chemical evolution may decrease deep-water [CO_3~(2-)] and accelerate carbonate dissolution. The fall of the sea-level increased the input of DIC and ALK to the deep ocean and deepened the carbonate saturation depth, which caused an increase of the deep-water [CO_3~(2-)]. The elevated [CO_3~(2-)] partially neutralized the reduced [CO_3~(2-)] contributed by remineralization of organic matter and slowdown of thermohaline. These consequently are the fundamental reasons for the difference in dissolution rate between these two sites.
Thermo-electronic solar power conversion with a parabolic concentrator

We consider the energy dynamics of the power generation from the sun when the solar energy is concentrated on to the emitter of a thermo-electronic converter with the help of a parabolic mirror. We use the modified Richardson-Dushman equation. The emitter cross section is assumed to be exactly equal to the focused area at a height h from the base of the mirror to prevent loss of efficiency. We report the variation of output power with solar insolation, height h, reflectivity of the mirror, and anode temperature, initially assuming that there is no space charge effect. Our methodology allows us to predict the temperature at which the anode must be cooled in order to prevent loss of efficiency of power conversion. Novel ways of tackling the space charge problem have been discussed. The space charge effect is modeled through the introduction of a parameter f (0 < f < 1) in the thermos-electron emission equation. We find that the efficiency of the power conversion depends on solar insolation, height h, apart from radii R of the concentrator aperture and emitter, and the collector material properties. We have also considered solar thermos electronic power conversion by using single atom-layer graphene as an emitter.
Comprehensive and fully self-consistent modeling of modern semiconductor lasers

The fully self-consistent model of modern semiconductor lasers used to design their advanced structures and to understand more deeply their properties is given in the present paper. Operation of semiconductor lasers depends not only on many optical, electrical, thermal, recombination, and sometimes mechanical phenomena taking place within their volumes but also on numerous mutual interactions between these phenomena. Their experimental investigation is quite complex, mostly because of miniature device sizes. Therefore, the most convenient and exact method to analyze expected laser operation and to determine laser optimal structures for various applications is to examine the details of their performance with the aid of a simulation of laser operation in various considered conditions. Such a simulation of an operation of semiconductor lasers is presented in this paper in a full complexity of all mutual interactions between the above individual physical processes. In particular, the hole-burning effect has been discussed. The impacts on laser performance introduced by oxide apertures (their sizes and localization) have been analyzed in detail. Also, some important details concerning the operation of various types of semiconductor lasers are discussed. The results of some applications of semiconductor lasers are shown for successive laser structures.
A novel loss compensation technique analysis and design for 60 GHz CMOS SPDT switch

A novel loss compensation technique for a series-shunt single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch is presented operating in the 60 GHz. The feed-forward compensation network which is composed of an NMOS, a couple capacitance and a shunt inductance can reduce the impact of the feed forward capacitance to reduce the insertion loss and improve the isolation of the SPDT switch. The measured insertion loss and isolation characteristics of the switch somewhat deviating from the 60 GHz are analyzed revealing that the inaccuracy of the MOS model can greatly degrade the performance of the switch. The switch is implemented in TSMC 90-nm CMOS process and exhibits an isolation of above 27 dB at transmitter mode, and the insertion loss of 1.8-3 dB at 30-65 GHz by layout simulation. The measured insertion loss is 2.45 dB at 52 GHz and keeps < 4 dB at 30-64 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 25 dB at 30-64 GHz and the measured return loss is better than 10 dB at 30-65 GHz. A measured input 1 dB gain compression point of the switch is 13 dBm at 52 GHz and 15 dBm at 60 GHz. The simulated switching speed with rise time and fall time are 720 and 520 ps, respectively. The active chip size of the proposed switch is 0.5 × 0.95 mm~2.
Impact of Cu-rich growth on the Cu_2ZnSnSe_4 surface morphology and related solar cells behavior

In order to study the influence of Cu-rich growth on the performance of the Cu_2ZnSnSe_4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells, a multi-stage co-evaporation process is applied. The CZTSe films are grown at a lower substrate temperature to reduce the existence time of Cu_xSe_y at the first period caused by the volatility of SnSe_x. This study examines the surface morphology and device performance in Cu-rich growth and close-to-stoichiometric growth. Although the grain size of Cu-rich growth film increases a little, the difference was not dramatic as the results of CIGS reported previously. A model based on the grain boundary migration theory is proposed to explain the experimental results. The mechanisms of Cu-rich growth between CZTSe and CIGS might be different.
深圳市空气PM2.5与心脑血管疾病死亡的广义相加模型分析

目的探讨深圳市空气PM2.5对于心脑血管疾病死亡的短期影响。方法收集深圳市居民心脑血管疾病死亡资料及同期大气污染物浓度、气象资料,采用半参数广义相加模型,控制气象因素、长期趋势、短期趋势等因素的基础上,分析深圳市2014年空气污染物与心脑血管疾病死亡之间的关系。结果空气PM2.5滞后7 d、PM10滞后5 d和SO_2滞后5 d分别对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响最强,日均浓度每上升10 μg/m~3,可分别导致深圳市居民心脑血管疾病死亡风险增加0.27% (95% CI:0.06 ~0.48),0.18% (95% CI:0.04 ~0.32)和1.00% (95% CI:0.19~1.81)。当两种或两种以上污染物引入模型后,污染物对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响差异均无统计学意义(均有P>0.05)。结论深圳市空气PM2.5、PM10和SO_2对居民心脑血管疾病存在急性影响,会增加死亡风险。