mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Particle Densities of the Atmospheric-Pressure Argon Plasmas Generated by the Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Atmospheric-pressure argon plasmas have received increasing attention due to their high potential in many industrial and biomedical applications. In this paper, a 1-D fluid model is used for studying the particle density characteristics of the argon plasmas generated by the pulsed dielectric barrier discharges. The temporal evolutions of the axial particle density distributions are illustrated, and the influences of changing the main discharge conditions on the averaged particle densities are researched by independently varying the various discharge conditions. The calculation results show that the electron density and the ion density reach two peaks near the momentary cathodes during the rising and the falling edges of the pulsed voltage. Compared with the charged particle densities, the densities of the resonance state atom Ar~r and the metastable state atom Ar~m have more uniform axial distributions, reach higher maximums and decay more slowly. During the platform of the pulsed voltage and the time interval between the pulses, the densities of the excited state atom Ar~? are far lower than those of the Ar~r or the Ar~m . The averaged particle densities of the different considered particles increase with the increases of the amplitude and the frequency of the pulsed voltage. Narrowing the discharge gap and increasing the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric also contribute to the increase of the averaged particle densities. The effects of reducing the discharge gap distance on the neutral particle densities are more significant than the influences on the charged particle densities.
Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from wastewater by gamma irradiation in presence of iron ions

The presence of sulfonamide antibiotics in aquatic environments has received increasing attention in recent years. Sulfadiazine (SD), a widely used heterocyclic sulfonamide pharmaceutical, has entered into the receiving water body. In this paper, gamma rays are used to irradiate samples of sulfadiazine antibiotics-containing wastewater. The results demonstrate that SD can be effectively degraded by irradiation, but the mineralization degree of SD (in terms of TOC) is not as efficient as the SD degradation. The addition of Fe2+ can significantly enhance the SD degradation and mineralization through the generation of hydroxyl radical by catalytic decomposition of H_2O_2 from water radiolysis. Ion chromatography analysis indicates that sulfate ions (SO4 2-) and formate (HCOO-) are the main intermediate products. Gamma irradiation is a promising technology for removing low-concentration antibiotics from water and wastewater.
宫内发育迟缓对肾脏结构及功能的影响

宫内发育迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR)儿又称小于胎龄儿(SGA),是指出生体重低于同胎龄平均出生体重减去2个标准差或低于正常出生体重第10百分位数的新生儿。自Barker等首次发现心血管疾病与低出生体重相关以来,成人疾病起源于胎儿(fetal origins of adult disease,FOAD)的假说取得了越来越多的支持。该假说的基础是宫内、甚至生后早期的环境可能通过“发育程序化”的途径,引发机体生理和代谢两方面永久性的改变,增加了某些成年期疾病发生的危险性,如高血压、2型糖尿病、冠状动脉心脏病(冠心病)、慢性肾脏病等。在肾脏领域,生后长期随访发现,IUGR与成年期高血压发生相关,且增加了发生终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)和蛋白尿的风险性,现就IUGR对肾脏结构、肾脏功能的影响及其与肾脏疾病的关系进行综述。
2016中国痛风诊疗指南

痛风是一种单钠尿酸盐(MSU)沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,与嘌呤代谢紊乱及(或)尿酸排泄减少所致的高尿酸血症直接相关,属代谢性风湿病范畴。痛风可并发肾脏病变,严重者可出现关节破坏、肾功能损害,常伴发高脂血症、高血压病、糖尿病、动脉硬化及冠心病等。
Development of a panel of unigene-derived polymorphic EST–SSR markers in lentil using public database information

Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.), a diploid(2n= 14) with a genome size greater than 4000 Mbp, is an important cool season food legume grown worldwide. The availability of genomic resources is limited in this crop species. The objective of this study was to develop polymorphicmarkers in lentil using publicly available curated expressed sequence tag information(ESTs). In this study, 9513 ESTs were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI) database to develop unigene-based simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The ESTs were assembled into 4053 unigenes and then analyzed to identify 374 SSRs using the MISA microsatellite identification tool. Among the 374 SSRs, 26 compound SSRs were observed. Primer pairs for these SSRs were designed using Primer 3 version 1.14. To classify the functional annotation of ESTs and EST–SSRs, BLASTx searches(using E-value 1× 10~(-5)) against the public UniProt(http://www.uniprot.org/) and NCBI(http://www.ncbi.nlh.nih.gov/) databases were performed. Further functional annotation was performed using PLAZA(version 3.0) comparative genomics and GO annotation was summarized using the Plant GO slim category. Among the synthesized 312 primers, 219 successfully amplified Lens DNA. A diverse panel of 24 Lens genotypeswas used to identify polymorphicmarkers. A polymorphic set of 57 markers successfully discriminated the test genotypes. This set of polymorphicmarkers with functional annotation data could be used asmolecular tools in lentil breeding.
Field performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation on tomato crop growth, yield, water use efficiency, quality and profitability

Sustainable irrigation method is now essential for adaptation and adoption in the areas where water resources are limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to test the performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation(AWDFI)on crop growth, yield, water use efficiency(WUE), fruit quality and profitability analysis of tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated thrice during the dry seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Irrigation water was applied through three ways of furrow: AWDFI, fixed wetting and drying furrow irrigation(FWDFI)and traditional(every)furrow irrigation(TFI). Each irrigation method was divided into two levels: irrigation up to 100 and 80% field capacity(FC). Results showed that plant biomass(dry matter)and marketable fruit yield of tomato did not differ significantly between the treatments of AWDFI and TFI, but significant difference was observed in AWDFI and in TFI compared to FWDFI at same irrigation level. AWDFI saved irrigation water by 35 to 38% for the irrigation levels up to 80 and 100% FC, compared to the TFI, respectively. AWDFI improved WUE by around 37 to 40% compared to TFI when irrigated with 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Fruit quality(total soluble solids and pulp)was found greater in AWDFI than in TFI. Net return from AWDFI technique was found nearly similar compared to TFI and more than FWDFI. The benefit cost ratio was viewed higher in AWDFI than in TFI and FWDFI by 2.8, 8.7 and 11, 10.4% when irrigation water was applied up to 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Unit production cost was obtained lower in AWDFI compared to TFI and FWDFI. However, AWDFI is a useful water-saving furrow irrigation technique which may resolve as an alternative choice compared with TFI in the areas where available water and supply methods are limited to irrigation.
Pyramiding of Pi46 and Pita to improve blast resistance and to evaluate the resistance effect of the two R genes

Utilization of R(resistance)genes to develop resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to combat against rice blast disease. In this study, R genes Pi46 and Pita in a resistant accession H_4 were introgressed into an elite restorer line Hang-Hui-179(HH179)using the marker-assisted backcross breeding(MABB)procedure. As a result, three improved lines(e.g., R1791 carrying Pi46 alone, R1792 carrying Pita alone and R1793 carrying both Pi46 and Pita)were developed. The three improved lines had significant genetic similarities with the recurrent parent HH179. Thus, they and HH179 could be recognized as near isogenic lines(NILs). The resistance spectrum of the three improved lines, which was tested at seedling stage, reached 91.1, 64.7 and 97.1%, respectively. This was markedly broader than that of HH179(23.5%). Interestingly, R1793 showed resistance to panicle blast but neither R1791 nor R1792 exhibited resistance at two natural blast nurseries. The results implied that the stacking of Pi46 and Pita resulted in enhanced resistance, which was unachievable by either R gene alone. Further comparison indicated that the three improved lines were similar to HH179 in multiple agronomic traits; including plant height, tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, and 1 000-grain weight. Thus, the three improved lines with different R genes can be used as new sources of resistance for developing variety. There is a complementary effect between the two R genes Pi46 and Pita.
Contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield under rainfed and irrigation conditions for winter wheat cultivars released in the past 30 years in North China Plain

To understand the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield and its response to water supply in the improvement of winter wheat, 15 cultivars released from 1980 to 2012 in North China Plain(NCP)were planted under rainfed and irrigated conditions from 2011 to 2013, and the ear photosynthesis was tested by ear shading. During the past 30 years, grain yield significantly increased, the flag leaf area slightly increased under irrigated condition but decreased significantly under rainfed condition, the ratio of grain weight:leaf area significantly increased, and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield changed from 33.6 to 64.5% and from 32.2 to 57.2% under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Grain yield, yield components, and ratio of grain weight:leaf area were positively related with contribution of ear photosynthesis. The increase in grain yield in winter wheat was related with improvement in ear photosynthesis contribution in NCP, especially under rainfed condition.
Linking a farmer crop selection model (FCS) with an agronomic model (EPIC) to simulate cropping pattern in Northeast China

In this paper, authors established a farmer crop selection model(FCS)for the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang of the Northeast China. With linking to the environmental policy integrated climate model(EPIC), the simulated results of FCS model for maize, rice and soybean were spatialized with 1 km×1 km grids to obtain cropping pattern. The reference map of spatial distribution for the three staple crops acquired by remote sensing imageries was applied to validate the simulated cropping pattern. The results showed that(1)the total simulation accuracy for the study area was 78.62%, which proved simulation method was applicable and feasible;(2)simulation accuracy for Jilin Province was the highest among the three provinces with a rate of 82.45% since its simple cropping system and not complex topography;(3)simulation accuracy for maize was the best among the three staple crops with a ratio of 81.14% because the study area is very suitable for maize growth. We hope this study could provide the reference for cropping pattern forecasting and decision-making.
The Effect of Speed on the Hindlimb Kinematics of the Reeves' Butterfly Lizard, Leiolepis reevesii (Agamidae)

We recorded locomotor performance of Reeves' butterfly lizards (Leiolepis reevesii) on a racetrack and to describe hindlimb kinematic patterns and to evaluate the effect of speed on hindlimb kinematics. The studied lizards predominantly used quadrupedal locomotion at relatively low speeds, but ran bipedally with a digitigrade posture at high speeds. Speed was positively correlated with both stride length and stride frequency, and was negatively correlated with duty factor. Lizards modulated speed probably by a combination of changing frequency and amplitude of limb movements. Within the range of standardized speeds from 50 to 150 cm/s, speed effects on 28 out of a total of 56 kinematic variables were significant. The hip height at footfall increased as speed increased, whereas the amplitude of vertical oscillations of the hip did not vary with speed. The total longitudinal and dorsoventral movements relative to the hip varied with speed for all parts of the limb that were distal to the knee, whereas the lateral movements did not. The knee and ankle angle at footfall varied with speed, but did not at the end of stance. The degree of pelvis rotation during the entire stride cycle did not vary with speed. Our results suggest that pelvic rotation and femoral protraction/retraction have a minor role in modulating speed in L. reevesii.
Protection against water or mud inrush in tunnels by grouting: A review

Grouting is a major method used to prevent water and mud inrush in tunnels and underground engineering. In this paper, the current situation of control and prevention of water and mud inrush is summarized and recent advances in relevant theories, grout/equipment, and critical techniques are introduced. The time-variant equations of grout viscosity at different volumetric ratios were obtained based on the constitutive relation of typical fast curing grouts. A large-scale dynamic grouting model testing system (4000 mm × 2000 mm × 5 mm) was developed, and the diffusions of cement and fast curing grouts in dynamic water grouting were investigated. The results reveal that the diffusions of cement grouts and fast curing grouts are U-shaped and asymmetric elliptical, respectively. A multiparameter real-time monitoring system (ф =1.5 m, h = 1.2 m) was developed for the grouting process to study the diffusion and reinforcement mechanism of grouting in water-rich faulted zone. A high early strength cream-type reinforcing/plugging grout, a high permeability nano-scale silica gel grout, and a high-expansion filling grout were proposed for the control of water hazards in weak water-rich faulted zone rocks, water inrush in karst passages, and micro-crack water inrush, respectively. Complement technologies and equipment for industrial applications were also proposed. Additionally, a novel full-life periodic dynamic water grouting with the critical grouting borehole as the core was proposed. The key techniques for the control of water inrush in water-rich faulted zone, jointed fissures and karst passages, and micro-crack water inrush were developed.
Probabilistic prediction of expected ground condition and construction time and costs in road tunnels

Ground condition and construction (excavation and support) time and costs are the key factors in decision-making during planning and design phases of a tunnel project. An innovative methodology for probabilistic estimation of ground condition and construction time and costs is proposed, which is an integration of the ground prediction approach based on Markov process, and the time and cost variance analysis based on Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation. The former provides the probabilistic description of ground classification along tunnel alignment according to the geological information revealed from geological profile and boreholes. The latter provides the probabilistic description of the expected construction time and costs for each operation according to the survey feedbacks from experts. Then an engineering application to Hamro tunnel is presented to demonstrate how the ground condition and the construction time and costs are estimated in a probabilistic way. In most items, in order to estimate the data needed for this methodology, a number of questionnaires are distributed among the tunneling experts and finally the mean values of the respondents are applied. These facilitate both the owners and the contractors to be aware of the risk that they should carry before construction, and are useful for both tendering and bidding.
Influence of fault slip on mining-induced pressure and optimization of roadway support design in fault-influenced zone

This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of overlying strata collapse and mininginduced pressure in fault-influenced zone by employing the physical modeling in consideration of fault structure. The precursory information of fault slip during the underground mining activities is studied as well. Based on the physical modeling, the optimization of roadway support design and the field verification in fault-influenced zone are conducted. Physical modeling results show that, due to the combined effect of mining activities and fault slip, the mining-induced pressure and the extent of damaged rock masses in the fault-influenced zone are greater than those in the uninfluenced zone. The sharp increase and the succeeding stabilization of stress or steady increase in displacement can be identified as the precursory information of fault slip. Considering the larger mining-induced pressure in the fault-influenced zone, the new support design utilizing cables is proposed. The optimization of roadway support design suggests that the cables can be anchored in the stable surrounding rocks and can effectively mobilize the load bearing capacity of the stable surrounding rocks. The field observation indicates that the roadway is in good condition with the optimized roadway support design.
Soil properties and herbaceous characteristics in an age sequence of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations in an oasis-desert ecotone of northwestern China

Haloxylon ammodendron, a typical desert shrub with C4 pathway of photosynthesis, possessing a strong ability to adapt to an extreme drought environment, has a rapid growth rate in sandy lands and is widely used in sand-fixing shelter-forest systems in oasis-desert ecotones. To assess the effects of H. ammodendron plantation on the soil, we measured soil properties and herbaceous characteristics along a nearly 40-year chronosequence after H. ammodendron was planted in shifting sand dunes in an oasis-desert ecotone. Results showed that silt and clay fractions increased significantly in the topsoil. The accumulation rates of soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were faster in the early stages(0-9 years)and slower in the late stages(9-39 years). The soil pH and electrical conductivity(EC)were higher than those in the non-vegetation dunes. Moreover, the soil properties in the topsoil(0-5 cm)showed larger variation scope than those in the deeper soil layers(5-20 cm). The significant relationships of the soil silt+clay content with the chemical properties mainly appeared in the topsoil. The wind erosion susceptibility of the soil, evaluated by erodible fraction(EF), decreased significantly with increasing H. ammodendron plantation age. Additionally, the annual pioneer herb, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was gradually substituted by the annual salt-tolerant herb, Bassia dasyphylla, with increasing plantation age. These results showed beneficial effects of H. ammodendron plantation on improving soil conditions. However, the dynamics of the herbaceous species also reminded us that the long-term effects of H. ammodendron plantation, especially on changes in vegetation composition, still need further evaluation.
Leaf N and P stoichiometry of 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China

Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development, as well as the structure and function of ecosystems. Hence, leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep understanding of plant nutrient status, nutrient limitation type of ecosystems, plant life-history strategy and differentiation of functional groups. However, the status and pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometry in N-deficiency desert ecosystems remain unclear. Under this context, the leaf samples from 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, eastern Junggar Desert, China were investigated and the patterns and interrelations of leaf N and P were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the average leaf N concentration, P concentration, and N:P ratio were 30.81 mg/g, 1.77 mg/g and 17.72, respectively. This study found that the leaf N concentration and N:P ratio were significantly higher than those of studies conducted at global, national and regional scales; however, the leaf P concentration was at moderate level. Leaf N concentration was allometrically correlated with leaf P and N:P ratio across all species. Leaf N, P concentrations and N:P ratio differed to a certain extent among plant functional groups. C4 plants and shrubs, particularly shrubs with assimilative branches, showed an obviously lower P concentration than those of C3 plants, herbs and shrubs without assimilative branches. Shrubs with assimilative branches also had lower N concentration. Fabaceae plants had the highest leaf N, P concentrations(as well as Asteraceae)and N:P ratio; other families had a similar N, P-stoichiometry. The soil in this study was characterized by a lack of N(total N:P ratio was 0.605), but had high N availability compared with P(i.e. the available N:P ratio was 1.86). This might explain why plant leaves had high N concentration(leaf N:P ratio>16). In conclusion, the desert plants in the extreme environment in this study have formed their intrinsic and special stoichiometric characteristics in relation to their life-history strategy.
Variation of Zn content in soils under different land-use types in the Hetao oasis, inner Mongolia of China

Understanding the status and distribution of the micronutrient Zn in soils is important for managing plant growth and preventing soil pollution for agricultural irrigation systems in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, a total of 195 soil samples from five soil layers(0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm) in the three land-use types(wasteland, forestland and cropland) after long-term agricultural fertilization and irrigation with Yellow River water were collected in the middle of the Hetao oasis, i.e. the Yongji irrigation sub-oasis. We analyzed the vertical and spatial distributions of Zn content and its relationship with soil properties to determine whether differences of Zn content existed in the soil profiles. The results revealed that the mean content of Zn was 107 mg/kg, 1.9 times higher than the background value(55.7 mg/kg) of the Hetao oasis and much lower than the secondary standard value(300 mg/kg) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils when pH>7.5. Soil Zn contents were not significantly different and the coefficients of variation of Zn contents were less than 50% in the five soil layers. Soil Zn content was similar from southern to northern parts but increased from western to eastern parts in the sub-oasis. Soil Zn contents did not differ significantly among the three land-use types, but soil total nitrogen(TN) contents were significantly higher in the agriculturally managed forestland and cropland than in the wasteland(P<0.05). Zn was significantly and positively correlated with TN(F=36.6, P<0.001). The use of fertilizers may increase the content of Zn in soils, but flooding irrigation may minimize the differences in the spatial distribution of soil Zn content in the whole sub-oasis. This research is of important value for soil pollution control and sustainable land use management in arid and semi-arid regions.
Use of centrifugal-gravity concentration for rejection of talc and recovery improvement in base-metal flotation

The possibility of using a centrifugal-gravity concentrator to reject Mg-bearing minerals and minimize metal losses in the flotation of base metals was evaluated. Sample characterization, batch scoping tests, pilot-scale tests, and regrind-flotation tests were conducted on a Ni flotation tailings stream. Batch tests revealed that the Mg grade decreased dramatically in the concentrate products. Pilot-scale testing of a continuous centrifugal concentrator (Knelson CVD6) on the flotation tailings revealed that a concentrate with a low mass yield, low Mg content, and high Ni upgrade ratio could be achieved. Under optimum conditions, a concentrate at 6.7% mass yield was obtained with 0.85% Ni grade at 12.9% Ni recovery and with a low Mg distribution (1.7%). Size partition curves demonstrated that the CVD also operated as a size classifier, enhancing the rejection of talc fines. Overall, the CVD was capable of rejecting Mg-bearing minerals. Moreover, an opportunity exists for the novel use of centrifugal-gravity concentration for scavenging flotation tailings and/or after comminution to minimize amount of Mg-bearing minerals reporting to flotation.