mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
儿童视神经炎的研究及治疗进展

儿童视神经炎是一种引起儿童的亚急性视力丧失的疾病。与成人相比,儿童视神经炎鉴别诊断则更进一步,神经影像学和血清学检查是必要的,以便排除感染或肿瘤的发展。目前治疗小儿视神经炎的方法是甲基泼尼松龙静脉注射3-5天,然后是口服皮质类固醇,避免复发。对于这种自限性疾病,儿童能否用高剂量皮质类固醇静滴治疗目前仍存在争议;但对于单、双眼严重视力丧失的儿童,这种治疗方法却是神经眼科标准。
超声诊断右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉1例

讨论肺动脉异常起源是一类较鲜见的肺动脉畸形,指肺动脉起源于非正常部位,通常包括左肺动脉异常起源于右肺动脉、一侧肺动脉异常起源于主动脉等。另一侧肺动脉起源于升主动脉,占所有肺动脉畸形起源的90%。超声心动图可以直接观察起源于升主动脉的异常肺动脉分支,彩色多普勒和频谱多普勒可以显示升主动脉到肺动脉的左向右分流的动态血流变化,且操作简单,重复性好,观察对象免受放射性损伤等。但本病例中动脉导管未闭漏诊,笔者分析了漏诊的原因,认为:(1)由于本病较鲜见,因动脉导管从降主动脉峡部后壁发出后,沿主动脉弓后上方平行走行,大部分走行异常,在同一切面无法显示,导致胸骨上窝主动脉弓长轴切面和大主动脉短轴切面均未发现导管回声,是漏诊的主要原因之一,见图1D。 (2)由于患儿肺动脉压较高,血流分流速度低,也是漏诊的重要的原因。因此,笔者建议,对于较鲜见的复杂先心病的超声诊断,应多切面、多途径反复检查,并仔细观察和分析异常的结构改变,才有可能做出较正确的诊断。
肾淀粉样变合并多发性骨髓瘤和肺部肿瘤一例

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是骨髓内浆细胞克隆性增殖引起的恶性肿瘤,MM导致的肾淀粉样病变约占原发性淀粉样变的10%,但MM合并肾淀粉样变的同时伴有肺部肿瘤的情况少见,现报告1例。
羰基和氨基物质共同作用引起大鼠肾脏功能损伤

近来,甲基乙二醛(methylglyoxal, MG)作为一种高反应性邻二羰基化合物影响肾功能不全的相关研究,受到国际医学界的关注。Nakayama等研究发现,在慢性肾脏病,无论是否有糖尿病,伴随着肾功能的衰退,血浆MG浓度在逐级增加。而在糖尿病肾病患者,血中MG浓度水平是5年后尿蛋白和颈动脉中内膜肥厚的增加及血压上升的独立影响因子。但是,MG和肾脏病之间的病理学意义尚不完全清楚,机制方面也存在很多不明之处。此外,近年来国内外均有因为食用混入三聚氰胺(Mel)的食品和宠物饲料,出现人和动物肾功能下降的报道。虽然致病机制还不明确,但大家通常认为是由于Mel引起的肾脏结石进而导致肾功能低下。但是Dobson等的研究证实,单独大剂量的Mel喂食并不能使大鼠肾脏产生结石也没有产生肾功能低下,然而同样剂量的Mel和羰基化合物三聚氰酸共同喂食,可使大鼠肾脏产生结石并导致严重的肾功能下降。因此,我们推测,结石及肾功能损伤可能是Mel的氨基和三聚氰酸的羰基的共同作用而引起的。为了证明这个推测,我们首先用同样拥有羰基的MG代替三聚氰酸,再用人体内常见的一种氨基化合物尿酸代替Mel,探讨体内羰基和氨基物质共同作用对肾脏功能的影响及其机制,并观察吡哆胺(一种MG特异性清除剂)的效果。
维生素D复合物非钙磷代谢作用在慢性肾脏病中的应用与争议

维生素D复合物在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者以及普通人群中的应用受到越来越多的关注。这是由于维生素D除了具有调节钙等矿物质代谢以外,还具有其他广泛的代谢调控和细胞调节作用。不同的维生素D复合物具有不同的生理作用,可以按是否具有活性将其初步分为营养性维生素D(麦角骨化醇、钙骨化醇、马沙骨化醇、)和活性形式维生素D,按是否为新型的维生素D类似物又分为经典活性维生素D(骨化三醇、阿尔法骨化醇)和新型维生素D类似物(帕立骨化醇、多西骨化醇、奥沙骨化三醇)。某些活性维生素D复合物具有直接抑制肾素基因转录的作用,因此是肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)的负向调节因子;活性维生素D复合物还通过作用于维生素D受体(VDR)发挥免疫调节、抗炎、改善胰岛素抵抗和脂质调节等作用;此外,维生素D或其活性类似物还表现出了潜在的改善肾脏病进展、减少心血管事件,乃至提高患者生存预后的作用。本文将就维生素D复合物在CKD患者中的应用现状以及存在的争议进行相关回顾。
心房颤动患者左心瓣膜置换术后三尖瓣关闭不全的危险因素分析

心房颤动(房颤)患者左心瓣膜置换术后常见的并发症有晚期三尖瓣关闭不全(TR)或原有TR加重。引起TR的原因很多:继发性三尖瓣环扩张、右心室功能障碍、三尖瓣面积和右心室扩张的比例失衡等。研究表明房颤也是左心瓣膜置换术后引发TR的危险因素。1994年1月至2008年12月,我们为163例房颤患者实施了左心瓣膜置换手术,现总结报道如下。
应重视静脉血栓栓塞症的临床治疗研究

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)主要是包括深静脉血栓形成(DVT)和肺栓塞(PE)。在未形成大面积完全阻塞的情况下,VTE可以是无症状的。在国外有报道统计美国VTE发病率每年为104~117/10万人次,欧洲国家为(110~183)/10万人次,而亚洲地区为13~57/10万人次。早期诊断治疗VTE,有助于改善疾病的预后,预防血栓后综合征(PTS),降低疾病的死亡风险。特别是VTE的临床治疗,可选择的方法和药物都较多,近年来不断有新的发法和药物面世,这就要求我们重视VTE临床治疗方法的选择和研究,才能不断提高VTE的治疗水平。
老年人头晕的初步诊断流程

头晕是常见的临床症状而非疾病诊断,老年人头晕是常见的临床主诉,其发作导致的继发性损害大于头晕本身不适的感觉。多数老年人存在不同程度的骨质疏松,无预兆性头晕可导致跌倒甚至引起骨折,如股骨颈骨折需要老年人长期卧床休息,或可能引起褥疮、静脉血栓、肺炎等,均为致命性损害;其次,一些相关疾病引发的头晕伴有剧烈恶心、呕吐,所导致的电解质紊乱同样危及老年人健康。头晕涉及耳鼻咽喉科、神经内科、神经外科、骨科、眼科、内科、老年科和精神心理科等诸多学科,由于各临床学科专业化或可能引起多学科联系的割裂,而老年患者病情复杂,面对老年人头晕的诊治如何人手,需要了解相关头晕疾病的分类和临床特点,需要简洁的、实用的诊断流程。
胸椎背伸肌群软组织损伤引发恶心呕吐嗳气1例报道

本研究患者无胸背部疼痛症状,给予内科常规治疗无明显疗效;问吋该患者项枕部无压痛点,仅T_(4-7)棘突及其两侧背伸肌群附着处有敏感压痛点。根据软组织外科学原理,当某一部位软组织出现明显无菌性炎性损伤时,该部位常有敏感的压痛点存在,故我科提出“胸椎背伸肌群软组织损伤性恶心呕吐嗳气”即是根据上述软組织外科学的基本原理推理而来,从治疗效果分析,支持该诊断结果,这提示我们在曰常临床工作中应髙度重视压痛点检查的重要性,从而帮助医师及时正确诊断和治疗。
杭州市餐厅室内空气尼古丁浓度监测分析

大量科学研究证实,二手烟没有所谓的安全暴露水平。二手烟中的尼古丁(nicotine)被认为是对人体健康危害性最大的物质之一。它最大的危害是其成瘾性,同时还会促进动脉粥样硬化及血栓的形成,影响和(或)损伤大脑功能。采集环境空气中的尼古丁是指利用尼古丁在空气中的自由扩散作用,透过采样器的扩散窗滤膜,吸附于采样器腔内玻璃纤维滤膜上的过程。相比较于其他评价二手烟的暴露方式,检测环境空气中的尼古丁浓度具有较高的灵敏性与特异性,用于评价场所控烟效果有明显的优势。2013年1月,杭州市CDC对全市10家餐厅进行了为期7 d的尼古丁浓度监测,现将结果报道如下。
腹腔镜辅助肠癌根治术后戳孔疝嵌顿一例

腹腔镜术后戳孔疝少见,周晓光等报道一例,而肠段嵌顿坏死更罕见。戳孔疝是因为戳孔部位的腹壁存在缺损,致使腹腔内容物通过缺损处进人腹壁缺损的间隙内。进人内容物多,未及时发现可发生嵌顿坏死。笔者认为此例出现此并发症可能的原因是:(1)右下腹为主操作孔,操作频繁,建立穿剌道时过于斜行,致内口组织撕裂破坏,肠管疝入皮下层时,自外口处未能及时发现。(2)拔除引流管后未加筋膜缝合完全关闭戳孔,可能将部分小肠拖入戳孔。(3)术后出现腹胀。肠管嵌顿后可引起严重的并发症。为预防此并发症,我们的体会是:(1)建立戳孔时应避免反复穿刺腹壁,穿刺时应与腹壁垂直,避免斜行穿刺。(2)操作要轻柔,粗暴强行操作易致内口组织破坏。(3)及时处理腹胀等引起腹内压骤变的因素。(4)戳孔>10 mm时仅缝合皮肤层是不够的,应将筋膜等深层组织一并缝合关闭戳孔。(5)临床医生在思想上应重视,用常见并发症的表现无法满意解释时,应考虑少见、罕见并发症的可能。在临床上密切观察,及时处理,避免造成严重的后果。
Th17细胞与再生障碍性贫血关系的研究进展

再生障碍性贫血是一种以免疫介导的造血受抑导致全血细胞减少及骨髓增生低下为特征的血液系统疾病。近年来由于免疫抑制疗法的广泛应用,再生障碍性贫血的预后得到明显改善,但仍有部分患者需靠药物及输血等维持,给患者及其家庭带来沉重的经济负担;有些患者甚至出现心理障碍如紧张、焦虑、忧郁、恐惧等,严重影响到患者的生存质量。因此,再生障碍性贫血一直是血液学领域中重点研究的疾病之一。大量的研究工作发现Treg细胞(regulatory T cells)在再生障碍性贫血中是被抑制的,很多研究均证实Th17与Treg细胞在自身免疫性疾病中呈相互对立的状态。有相关研究证实由Th17细胞产生的IL-17在再生障碍性贫血患者的骨髓及外周血中均增高。因此有理由认为Th17细胞可能与再生障碍性贫血的发生、发展有关,本文将就目前Th17细胞与再生障碍性贫血关系的研究进展做一简要综述。
多学科协作模式在多重耐药菌医院感染控制中应用的效果观察

目的探讨多学科协作模式在多重耐药菌(MDRO)医院感染控制中的应用效果。方法以临床培养出MDRO的住院患者为观察对象,比较实施MDRO医院感染多学科协作模式管理前期与后期MDRO的检出率、医院感染率、医院感染构成比。结果实施多学科协作模式管理后,MDRO医院感染控制措施得到有效落实,住院患者的MDRO检出率由21.9%降至16.9%(χ~2=4.017,P<0.05),MDRO医院感染率由0.37%降至0.26%(χ~2=2.791,P>0.05),MDRO医院感染构成比由56.2%降至41.1%(χ~2=4.175,P<0.05)。结论采用多学科协作模式管理可有效控制MDRO医院感染。
高压氧会诊患者不遵医嘱行为与控制对策

目的探讨高压氧会诊患者不遵医嘱行为的原因,寻求控制对策。方法收集2003年9月至2009年5月305例不遵医嘱行为的高压氧(HBO)会诊患者,分析其不遵医嘱行为原因的构成比。结果患者未遵医嘱行为的原因构成比中,占首位的是患者拒绝(17.0%),其次是家属不支持(16.0%),其他的依次为出院、病情变化、认为不方便、患者吵闹不配合、主管医生改变决定、认为HBO疗效不佳等。结论医患双方应共同努力,充分认识高压氧治疗的作用与地位,控制高压氧会诊患者的不遵医嘱行为。
Zero drift of intraventricular and subdural intracranial pressure monitoring systems

Objective:To assess zero drift of intraventricular and subdural intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring systems.Methods:A prospective study was conducted in patients who received Codman ICP monitoring in the neurosurgical department from January 2010 to December 2011.According to the location of sensors,the patients were categorized into two groups:intraventricular group and subdural group.Zero drift between the two groups and its association with the duration of ICP monitor were analyzed.Results:Totally,22 patients undergoing intraventricular ICP monitoring and 27 receiving subdural ICP monitoring were enrolled.There was no significant difference in duration of ICP monitoring,zero drift value and its absolute value between intraventricular and subdural groups (5.38 d±2.58 d vs 4.58 d±2.24d,0.77 mmHg±2.18 mm Hg vs 1.03 mmHg±2.06mmHg,1.68 mmHg±155 mmHg vs 1.70mmHg±153 mmHg,respectively; all P>0.05).Absolute value of zero drift in both groups significantly rose with the increased duration of ICP monitoring (P<0.05) while zero drift value did not.Moreover,daily absolute value in the intraventricular group was significantly smaller than that in the subdural group (0.27 mm Hg±0.32 mm Hg vs 0.29 mm Hg±0.18 mm Hg,P<0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that absolute value of zero drift significantly correlates with duration of both intraventricular and subdural ICP monitoring.Due to the smaller daily absolute value,ICP values recorded from intraventricular system may be more reliable than those from subdural system.
Predictors of early outcome in unstable pelvic fractures

Objective:To define the preoperative and intraoperative variables which may affect the immediate postoperative outcome in surgically managed patients with unstable pelvic fractures.Methods:This study was performed prospectively from January 2009 to June 2011 on 36 consecutive patients admitted to the trauma ward of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,with unstable pelvic injuries.Results:In the present study of 36 patients,29 were managed surgically.Surgical duration was 2 hours in patients operated on within 1 week and 3.4 hours in those operated on after 1 week.The blood loss was 550 ml when surgery was done after a week,but when done within a week it was 350 ml.The average blood loss through Pfanenstial approach was 360 ml,through posterior approach was 408 ml and through combined approach was 660 ml which was significantly high.Conclusion:Anterior approach to the pelvis would cause significantly more amount of blood loss than posterior approach and external fixation.Surgical approaches do not have any influence on the surgical duration or the infection rate.The blood loss significantly increases when the surgical time is more than 1 h.The infection rate is not influenced by the duration of surgery.Presence or absence of associated injuries to the head,chest or abdomen is the main determinants of patient's survival and it greatly influences the duration of hospital stay.
Management of limb fractures in a teaching hospital: comparison between Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes

Objective:To comparatively analyze the medical records of patients with limb fractures as well as rescue strategy in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes so as to provide references for post-earthquake rescue.Methods:We retrospectively investigated 944 patients sustaining limb fractures,including 891 in Wenchuan earthquake and 53 in Yushu earthquake,who were admitted to West China Hospital (WCH) of Sichuan University.Results:In Wenchuan earthquake,WCH met its three peaks of limb fracture patients influx,on post-earthquake day (PED) 2,8 and 14 respectively.Between PED 3-14,585 patients were transferred from WCH to other hospitals outside the Sichuan Province.In Yushu earthquake,the maximum influx of limb fracture patients happened on PED 3,and no one was shifted to other hospitals.Both in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes,most limb fractures were caused by blunt strike and crash/burying.In Wenchuan earthquake,there were 396 (396/942,42.0%) open limb fractures,including 28 Gustilo Ⅰ,201 Gustilo Ⅱ and 167 Gustilo Ⅲ injuries.But in Yushu earthquake,the incidence of open limb fracture was much lower (6/61,9.8%).The percent of patients with acute complications in Wenchuan earthquake (167/891,18.7%) was much higher than that in Yushu earthquake (5/53,3.8%).In Wenchuan earthquake rescue,1 018 surgeries were done,composed of debridement in 376,internal fixation in 283,external fixation in 119,and vacuum sealing drainage in 117,etc.While among the 64 surgeries in Yushu earthquake rescue,the internal fixation for limb fracture was mostly adopted.All patients received proper treatment and survived except one who died due to multiple organs failure in Wenchuan earthquake.Conclusion:Provision of suitable and sufficient medical care in a catastrophe can only be achieved by construction of sophisticated national disaster medical system,prediction of the injury types and number of injuries,and confirmation of participating hospitals' exact role.Based on the valuable rescue experiences after Wenchuan earthquake,the rescue was faster,more orderly and effective in Yushu earthquake.Nevertheless,there is still a long way to go in the development of a stronger emergent response to the disasters.
高校女生痛经与中医体质相关性的初步研究

目的:探讨痛经患者的体质类型分布规律及痛经发病特点与体质的相关性。方法:采用流行病学病例对照设计,对418例痛经患者和248例无痛经史者进行体质分类及统计分析。结果:痛经患者体质类型分布中,出现频率最高为气虚质,其次为阳虚质、气郁质;无痛经者体质类型以平和质为主;各体质类型间痛经程度及发作频率的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:气虚质、阳虚质、气郁质是痛经的好发体质,偏颇体质痛经程度较重,发作频率较高。
中西医结合治疗糖尿病视网膜病变临床观察

目的:观察复方血栓通胶囊联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗单纯型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的2型糖尿病单纯型视网膜病变病例78例(122只眼)采用简单随机单盲分为治疗组和对照组,治疗12周。观察治疗前后视力、眼底、中医证候疗效、血液流变学。结果:治疗前后比较,复方血栓通治疗组可明显改善视力、眼底、中医证候疗效和血液流变学,治疗组优于对照组。结论:复方血栓通胶囊联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗单纯型糖尿病视网膜病变疗效较好。
《沈芊绿医案》学术思想探析

目的:分析清代医家沈金鳌所著《沈芊绿医案》,从而总结沈金鳌先生之学术成就与思想。方法:通过沈金鳌集数十载临证心得之《沈芊绿医案》所载医案,并结合沈氏其他著作如《妇科玉尺》、《幼科释谜》等,探索其临证思路,分析其理、法、方、药之运用经验。结论:《沈芊绿医案》短小精简,反映了沈金鳌个人的治病思想及临床经验,具有其独到之处,不少内容还能与其名著《沈氏尊生书》相印证,具有独特的学术价值。其治学态度上,辨证论治思想贯穿始终,学术上尊古又重创新,诊断上审证求因,脉证互参,各科均有精彩验案存世,可谓后学者继承和发扬中医学术精髓的阶梯,值得我们进一步学习和体会。
尼莫地平联合立止血在高血压脑出血中的疗效观察

高血压是一种常见的老年性疾病,高血压脑出血因其起病急骤、病情凶险、死亡率非常高,救治后常遗留瘫痪、失语等严重残疾。高血压的发病呈逐年增多的趋势,高血压脑出血也正逐渐成为一种广泛发生的急症重症。脑出血对脑的损害主要是是血肿的占位效应以及继发的脑水肿和脑缺血,因此对脑出血尽早积极有效的治疗是阻止疾病进一步发展的关键,可以显著改善患者的预后。研究已证实钙离子通道阻滞剂可减轻脑缺血及继发的脑水肿,尼莫地平是一种新型的钙离子拮抗剂,其可以选择性的作用于脑血管平滑肌细胞膜上的受体依赖性钙通道,增加脑血流量,改善脑循环。本研究就使用尼莫地平联合立止血治疗老年患者高血压脑出血的临床疗效进行观察分析。
FOLFIRI方案用于晚期胃腺癌二线化疗的疗效

以化疗为主的综合治疗能明显提高晚期胃癌患者的生活质量,延长生存期。目前晚期胃癌的治疗仍缺乏标准的化疗方案,尤其一线治疗失败后二线治疗的选择更是难点。研究表明伊立替康联合持续静点5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)(即FOLFIRI方案)在晚期胃腺癌治疗中无论作为一线还是二线治疗,均有一定疗效。本文就FOLFIRI方案作为二线化疗方案对晚期胃腺癌患者的疗效进行了观察。
农村老年居民健康状况及保健需求情况调查

目的了解江苏省高邮市农村地区老年居民的健康现状及保健需求,为加强乡村两级医疗机构服务,开展针对性的老年保健服务提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取样本户,用自行设计调查问卷对户中60岁及以上老年人进行调查。结果受访老年居民2 w患病率为35.2%,慢性病患病率为30.5%,住院率为5.1%。有26.3%的老年人存在不同程度的听力障碍,22.7%的老年人视力存在中度或重度困难,7.7%的老年人说话有困难。累计10.9%的老年人存在中度及重度焦虑或沮丧。结论基层医疗机构应切实了解老年人生活与健康需求的基本情况及特点,为他们提供多形式、全方位、更有针对性满足老年人生活与健康需求的服务。
蒲公英水提物对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用

目的探讨蒲公英水提物对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠疗效。方法将大鼠随机分成正常对照组,模型组,柳氮磺胺嘧啶(SASP)组,蒲公英水提物高、中、低剂量组,治疗14 d,测定血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平以及结肠组织转录因子核因子(NF)-κB p65表达。结果用药后,大鼠组织大体评分和病理组织学评分显著下降,血清TNF-α、IL-6和组织NF-kBp65表达降低,IL-10水平升高(P<0.05)。结论蒲公英水提物对溃疡性结肠炎具有一定的疗效。
黄尧洲治疗寻常型银屑病经验

银屑病是一种以皮肤红斑鳞屑伴瘙痒为主要表现的难治性皮肤疾病,其西医病理机制尚不明确。本病属中医"白疕"、"松皮癣"、"白壳疮"等范畴。本院黄尧洲教授从事中西医临床40余年,衷中参西,内科、皮科诊疗经验丰富,治疗寻常型银屑病思路独特,认为其发病离不开热邪,以内热为其基本病机。现将其相关经验总结如下。
外耳道原发性皮肤间变性大细胞淋巴瘤1例

C-ALCL 约占皮肤淋巴瘤的0. 9%,多发于老人,平均年龄约60岁,男性略多,大多数患者表现为局限性病变,本例患者为80岁老年男性。最常累及的部位包括躯干、面部、四肢和臀部。瘤组织由CD30阳性的大细胞构成,瘤细胞弥漫性或富有黏附性,呈片状排列。组织学上有经典型、小细胞变型及富于嗜中性粒细胞/嗜酸性粒细胞变型。
岩石的时温等效效应及其在高放废物处置库中的应用

处置库围岩力学性质的长期演化规律及其数学表示是高放废物处置库长期安全性预测的关键科学问题之一。然而受试验时间的客观限制,能够方便获得的岩石试验数据必然在一个有限的时间范围之内,因而亟待解决的问题是:如何利用短时间内获得的试验数据去分析预测岩石力学性质的长期演化规律。基于线黏弹性和非线性黏弹性本构方程,建立岩石时温等效效应的一般理论;通过试验研究形成表征花岗岩长期蠕变力学性质的主曲线,建立反映花岗岩蠕变力学性质长期演化规律的本构方程;在此基础之上,将研究结果应用到高放废物处置库长期稳定性的分析预测中。
近年来美国地理学研究热点问题

美国地理学家协会(Association of American Geographers, AAG)成立100多年来,致力于提高对地理学及其相关领域的研究以及推进地理学的发展。AAG拥有10000多名会员,遍布全球60多个国家和地区;现设有60多个专门委员会,涵盖了自然地理,人文地理,区域地理等地理学各个分支,另有9个区域性机构,以及30个工作委员会;主办有《Annals of the Association of American Geographers》、《The Professional Geographer》等著名学术期刊和系列出版物;举办有大型学术年会——美国地理学家协会年会(AAG年会)。AAG年会每年召开一次,是全世界地理学家分享和交流知识与成果的平台。近年来,AAG年会吸引了7000-8000名与会者参加,提交近4000篇论文,并且研究从地方到全球各尺度的地理学问题。其中,城市地理、经济地理、亚洲研究、政治经济与文化地理,以及地理学最新技术和应用则是近年来AAG年会学术讨论和展览的热点话题。
内镜直视联合X线导向介入治疗食管气管瘘一例

本文报道1例食管癌术后并发食管气管瘘(esophagotracheal fistula,ETF)患者,该患者中上段食管癌行手术切除后出现食管-胃吻合口瘘,后进展为ETF。现将治疗过程及体会报道如下。
射频消融联合骨成形术治疗髂骨巨细胞瘤一例

患者女,45岁。主因"右侧骶髂部酸痛伴下腹部坠胀感2个月"入院。患者2个月前右侧骶髂部无明显诱因下出现酸痛伴下腹部坠胀感,行走时右下肢无力。2012年4月CT提示:右髂骨骨质破坏灶,建议进一步检查。PET-CT示:右髂骨病灶,考虑嗜酸性肉芽肿可能,转移瘤不除外。2012年5月2日门诊以"右髂骨肿瘤,良恶性待定"收入院。一般检查无特殊。患者甲状腺功能亢进病史半年余,现服药控制,病情稳定。否认肿瘤病史,否认家族遗传病史。经患者与家属知情同意,于2012年5月3日在DSA 监控下行右髂骨活检、射频消融联合骨成形术(POP)。
Nutrient composition of pill millipede manure of the Western Ghats, India

Nutrient composition of the manure of four pill millipedes (Arthrosphaera dalyi, A. davisoni, A. fumosa and A. magna) inhabiting in semi-evergreen forests and plantations of the Western Ghats of Southwest India was evaluated. The quantity and quality of fecal pellets differed between millipedes and their habitats (forest and plantation). Organic carbon content in manure was lower in plantations than in forests, while nitrogen content was elevated in plantations. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of manure was lower in plantations compared to forests. The phosphorus content in manure was elevated in plantations in all except for A. dalyi. Calcium content of manure was increased in plantations than in forests. The contents of magnesium, potassium and phenolics in manure showed varied results. The mass of fecal pellets was correlated only with volume in forests (r=0.882; p <0.01) and pH in plantations (r=0.616; p <0.05), while the volume of fecal pellets was correlated with nitrogen content in forests (r=0.751; p <0.01) and calcium in plantations (r= 0.619; p <0.05). The conductivity was positively correlated with phosphorus and potassium, while magnesium was negatively correlated in forests as well as plantations. Potassium and magnesium were negatively correlated in forests (r= 0.920; p<0.001) and plantations (r=0.692; p <0.05). Overall, the physicochemical characteristics and nutrient composition of fecal pelets differed between millipedes as well as habitats. The low carbon to nitrogen ratio and the increased nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium content in the manure of millipedes inhabiting in plantations indicates possibilities for successfully employing them for in situ composting of forest or plantation residues.
Land-use change and carbon stocks: A case study, Noor County, Iran

Land-use changes and land cover strongly influence carbon stock and distribution within ecosystems. Changing the land-use from natural forest to other land-uses has been more rapid in the past few decades than at any time in Iran’s history. In this study, we investigated the effects of changing the land-use from natural forest to other land-uses on carbon stocks in northern Iran. We selected five sites for this study: (Ⅰ) a natural forest, (Ⅱ) an agricultural field and (Ⅲ) plantations of three different species (Alnus subcordata.L, Acer velutinum.Boiss and Cupressus sempervirens). We examined the effects of land-use changes on: (Ⅰ) soil carbon stock (0-50 cm depth), (Ⅱ) biomass and carbon content of grassy vegetation and litter and (Ⅲ) aboveand below-ground biomass C in trees. Soil C stock was higher under A. velutinum and C. sempervirens whereas it was lower under A. subcordata and agricultural sites. Biomass and C content of grassy vegetation were significantly higher at A. velutinum and C. sempervirens plantations. However, litter biomass and C content were significantly higher at the natural forest site. Natural forest had the highest amount of C content in aboveand below-ground biomass. Total ecosystem C stocks declined following land-use changes.
Carbon stock estimation for tree species of Sem Mukhem sacred forest in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Carbon stock estimation was conducted in tree species of Sem Mukhem sacred forest in district Tehri of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. This forest is dedicated to Nagraj Devta and is dominated by tree species, including Quercus floribunda, Quercus semecarpifolia and Rhododendron arboreum. The highest values of below ground biomass density, total biomass density and total carbon density were (34.81±1.68) Mg·ha~(-1), (168.26±9.04) Mg·ha~(-1) and (84.13±4.18) Mg·ha~(-1) for Pinus wallichiana. Overall values of total biomass density and total carbon density calculated were 1549.704 Mg·ha~(-1) and 774.77 Mg·ha~(-1) respectively. Total value of growing stock volume density for all species was 732.56 m~3·ha~(-1) and ranged from (144.97±11.98) m~3·ha~(-1) for Pinus wallichiana to (7.78±1.78) m~3·ha~(-1) for Benthamidia capitata.
Vegetation structural characteristics and topographic factors in the remnant moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, south central Ethiopia

For forest ecosystem management to be effective, knowledge of the horizontal and vertical structural diversity of a forest is essential. The moist Afromontane highlands of Wondo Genet in south-central Ethiopia present an opportunity to restore and rehabilitate and enhance the ecosystem services to be obtained from this forest sustainably. We focused on the forest structural characteristics to better understand the current forest conditions to assist in the sustainable management of this resource. A total of 75 (20 m × 20 m) quadrats were sampled and diameter at breast height (DBH)≥2 cm and stem height≥2 m were measured. Species identity and abundance, elevation, slope, and aspect were recorded for each plot. Structural characteristics were computed for each plot. Relationship of topographic factors with vegetation characteristics was conducted using R-Software. A total of 72 woody species was recorded. Whereas, the overall diameter distribution shows an inverted J-shaped curve, the basal area followed a bell-shaped pattern. Five types of population structures are revealed. The mean tree density and basal area was 397.3 stems ha-1 and 31.4 m~2·ha~(-1), respectively. Only 2.8% of the tree species have densities of≥25 stems ha~(-1) and the percentage distribution of trees show 56.2% in the DBH class 2-10 cm, indicating that the forest is dominated by medium-sized trees. Celtis africana (8.81 m~2·ha~(-1)) and Pouteria adolfi-friedericii (5.13 m~2·ha~(-1)) make the highest contribution to the basal area and species importance value index. The families/species with the highest importance value index are Ulmaceae, Fabacea and Sapotaceae. Species abundance (r~2 = 0.32, p <0.001) and species richness (r~2 =0.50, p <0.001) are positively related with tree density. Tree density is negatively related with elevation (r~2 = -0.36, p <0.001), slope (r~2 =-0.15, p <0.001) and aspect (r~2 = -0.07, p <0.05). While basal area is negatively related with elevation (r~2 =-0.14, p <0.001), it has a positive relationship with tree density (r~2 =0.28, p <0.001 and species richness (r~2 =0.098). Species with poor population structure should be assisted by restoration tasks and further anthropogenic disturbance such as illegal logging and fuel wood extraction should be restricted.
全球变化和人类可持续发展:挑战与对策

过去20多年来,国际科学界对全球变化研究不断深化,逐步形成了人类活动产生的碳排放是全球变暖的重要驱动力、全球变化影响人类经济社会可持续发展等共识.为应对全球变化挑战,"共同但有区别的责任"等原则要求发达国家实行强制减排和发展中国家采取自主减缓行动,目标是在21世纪末将由人类活动引起的地表增温控制到不超过工业化前2℃.但是,处理全球变化与可持续发展的关系必须坚持哪些原则,重点开展何种研究,采取什么政策保障还没有明晰的思路.本文提出立足国际和区域平衡发展,依靠科技进步制定全球变化应对对策;必须在人与自然和谐,同时人类社会自身和谐前提下妥善处理应对全球变化与可持续发展之间的关系;坚持减排与增汇并举,减缓与适应并重等原则;加强科学研究,减少全球变化认识的不确定性.应对全球变化挑战实质上为人类发展创造了新机遇,为促进人类能源结构转变、改善和恢复地球生态环境、促进人类生产和生活方式改变、国际与区域间人类社会和谐发展提供了条件.
A revised rotation curve of the Milky Way with maser astrometry

We reconstruct the rotation curve of the Milky Way using the new trigonometric parallax and proper motion data for masers in 43 high-mass star-forming regions obtained by VLBI, as well as the existing data from the literature, based on a new set of galactic constants (R_0, Θ_0) = (8.4 kpc, 254 km s~(?1)) measured by Reid et al. The revised rotation curve of the Milky Way is almost flat or slightly rising in the region from about 6 to 15 kpc. The rotation velocities within 5 kpc of the Galactic center, as determined by VLBI, differ from those obtained by measurement of the HI- and CO-line tangent velocities. We fitted the revised rotation curve arising from three mass components: the bulge, disk and dark matter halo. The total mass of the Milky Way is found to be 2.3×10~(11) M_⊙ (20 kpc). This is about 10% larger than that from Sofue et al, and is comparable with the mass of M31, 3.4×10~(11) M_⊙ (35 kpc), given by Carignan et al. The limited accurate observational data, especially the VLBI data, do not permit a fully satisfactory fit to the rotation curve. The extensive parallax and proper motion data that will be produced by the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey project in the next few years should lead to considerable progress in understanding the rotation curve and dark matter halo of the Milky Way.
X-irradiation for inhibiting glial scar formation in injured spinal cord

X-irradiation has a beneficial effect in treating spinal cord injury. We supposed that X-irradiation could improve the microenvironment at the site of a spinal cord injury and inhibit glial scar formation. Thus, this study was designed to observe the effects of 8 Gy X-irradiation on the injury site at 6 hours and 2, 4, 7, and 14 days post injury, in terms of improvement in the microenvironment and hind limb motor function. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of macrophage marker ED-1 and the area with glial scar formation were reduced. In addition, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score was higher at 7 days post injury relative to the other time points post injury. Results indicated that X-irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy can inhibit glial scar formation and alleviate the inflammatory reaction, thereby repairing spinal cord injury. X-irradiation at 7 days post spinal cord injury may be the best time window.
Diffusion Flame of a CH_4/H_2 Jet in a Hot Coflow: Effects of Coflow Oxygen and Temperature

This paper investigates the effects of coflow O_2 level and temperature on diffusion flame of a CH_4/H_2 jet in hot coflow (JHC) from a burner system similar to that of Dally et al. The coflow O_2 mass fraction (y_(O_2)~*) is varied from 3% to 80% and the temperature (T_(cof)~*) from 1200 K to 1700 K. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model with detailed reaction mechanisms GRI-Mech 3.0 is used for all simulations. To validate the modeling, several JHC flames are predicted under the experimental conditions of Dally et al. [Proc. Combust. Inst., 29 (1), 1147-1154 (2002)] and the results obtained match well with the measurements. Results demonstrate that, when y_(O_2)~* decreased, the diffusion combustion is likely to transform from traditional combustion to MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) combustion mode. When T_(cof)~* is higher, the temperature distribution over the whole domain trends to be more uniform. Reducing y_(O_2)~* or Tcof* leads to less production of intermediate species OH and CO. It is worth noting that if y_(O_2)~* is high enough (y_(O_2)~*>80%), increasing y_(O_2)~* does not cause obvious temperature increase.
贵州省县级医院院级领导队伍结构现状研究

医院决策队伍是医院管理组织核心,其组织结构决定管理绩效,直接影响卫生事业的发展。目前不少医院管理者未经卫生管理专业的系统学习、培训,凭资历、经验或行政命令式管理,已严重影响医院生存和发展。贵州省属欠发达民族地区,医院管理决策队伍结构是否合理,管理能力高低是影响省卫生事业发展的重要因素。本研究依据贵州省县级医院院长培训班报名材料,对县级医院院级领导结构进行分析,为我省县级医院院级领导队伍建设提供依据。
多层模型在农村居民医疗服务利用影响因素分析中的应用

目的应用多层模型技术分析新农合监测地区农村居民医疗服务利用的影响因素。方法运用多层分类模型方法,从个体层次和家庭层次两个方面分析影响农村居民医疗服务利用的主要因素,关注由于家庭成员聚类引起的样本非独立性分析群内差异和群间差异。结果性别、年龄等个体因素,以及家庭收入、家庭规模、医疗保障等家庭因素是影响农村居民医疗服务利用的主要因素,且家庭因素的解释程度在25%左右。结论农村居民医疗服务利用影响因素中个体特征影响程度更高。