mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
年轻科研人员如何走向成功(12)——数据的表述与分析

在上文~([1])谈了"实验数据记录"以后,本文要谈一谈数据的表述与分析.你通过研究和实验可以得到值得你高兴的一系列数据和有关结果,但你还不能过于陶醉.对科研人员来说,更富有挑战意义的工作是你如何表述和分析这些实验结果.多数实验结果都会以某种总结式的形式得到呈现,分析也会是客观的.这样的例子有平均数、中位数.跟着这些分析来的还有该组实验的观察次数和变化情况,比如范围、标准误差或标准偏差.但要记住,简单的算术平均值,即使给出偏差,也可能并不反映数据的真实性质.
关于建立国家航空应急救援体系的建议

2008年5月12日,四川汶川发生特大地震.在党中央、国务院、中央军委的号令下,军地各部门迅速调集力量,全力展开抗震救援;其中,航空救援发挥了十分重要的作用.但是,航空应急救援同时也暴露出了管理体制不完善,基础设施不健全,救援装备数量太少、机型不配套,缺乏救援专业队伍等一系列问题.这些问题已引起中央的高度重视,还引发了社会各界对建立我国航空应急救援体系的关注与期盼.
日本诺贝尔物理学奖获奖谱系的反思

日本人获得诺贝尔奖最多的领域是物理学.日本物理学家汤川秀树(Yukawa Hideki)干1949年因提出介子理论而获得诺贝尔物理学奖.此后,日本科学家先后多次获诺贝尔物理奖,进入21世纪,日本科学家在8年中5次获得包括物理学奖、化学奖以及医学生理学奖的诺贝尔科学奖,在自然科学领域日本获得诺贝尔奖的总数已经达到了12个.
冶炼厂固体废弃物的资源化利用途径及存在问题的对策分析

分析了中国工业固体废弃物的现状及造成的危害.简单说明了工业固体废弃物资源化利用的重要性.以浙汀省某冶炼厂为例,通过对冶炼厂原料和冶炼后残渣的成分、毒性分析,探索冶炼厂固体废弃物无害化、减量化、资源化处理的途径,并指出存在的问题及解决对策.
尼卡地平注射剂及缓释胶囊联合应用治疗高血压急症临床分析

目的 观察高血压急症患者使用尼卡地平注射剂有效控制血压后逐渐减量并过渡为尼卡地平缓释胶囊的临床有效性及安全性.方法 入选住院高血压急症患者103例使用尼卡地平注射剂降压至目标血压后,随机分为口服尼卡地平缓释胶囊和硝苯地平缓释片组,逐渐减少注射荆用量直至停用,继续监测血压5日.结果 入选患者使用尼卡地平注射剂后,血压下降显著(P<0.01),显效率81.6%,有效率16.5%.心率较治疗前无明显变化(P>0.05),无明显不良反应.尼卡地平缓释胶囊组患者血压平稳过渡率及平稳过渡且良好控制率分别为90%和81.7%,明显高于硝苯地平缓释片组71.7%(P<0.05)和48.8%(P<0.01).结论 尼卡地平注射剂及缓释胶囊可良好控制高血压急症和平稳维持血压.
A Study of Properties of the Photonic Band Gap of Unmagnetized Plasma Photonic Crystal

In this study,the propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals (PPCs),namely,superlattice structures consisting alternately of a homogeneous unmagnetized plasma and dielectric material,is simulated numerically using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm.A perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing technique is used in this simulation.The reflection and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic (EM) waves through PPCs are calculated.The characteristics of the photonic band gap (PBG) are discussed in terms of plasma density,dielectric constant ratios,number of periods,and introduced layer defect.These may provide some useful information for designing plasma photonic crystal devices.
特发性室性早搏病案

1 病历摘要王某某,女,70岁.2008年8月7日主因"心悸反复发作10年,伴胸闷憋气2个月,加重1天"收入院.患者10年前无明显诱因出现心悸、汗出,在某医院就诊,诊断为心律失常,曾予口服黄杨宁片,每次2mg,每日3次.
藿朴夏苓汤治疗胆囊切除术后综合征45例

胆囊切除术后综合征是胆囊切除术后原有的症状没有消失,或在此基础上又有新的症状发生,是一组症状组合.以腹痛、腹胀、消化不良、胆道感染或胆道梗阻等症状为主要临床表现.据文献报道大约有25%～30%的患者出现一过性症状,很快消失.但仍有约2%～8%患者因症状持续,需要积极治疗[1].笔者近年来应用藿朴夏苓汤加减治疗胆囊切除术后综合征45例,疗效满意,现报告如下.
中药洗剂治疗糖尿病下肢神经痛40例

1 临床资料1.1 一般资料70例均为我院糖尿病科2007年8月～2008年10月间住院的2型糖尿病合并多发性末梢神经病变患者,采用随机方法将其分为两组.治疗组40例,男16例,女24例;年龄35～69岁,平均55.64岁;糖尿病病程2～18年,平均5.36年.对照组30例,男13例,女17例;年龄39～72岁,平均56.32岁;糖尿病病程2.5～21年,平均5.62年.两组一般资料差异无显著性(P＞0.05).
亲属活体供肾移植后并发自发性回肠穿孔二例

肾移植受者术后发生自发性小肠穿孔的报道较少见.自2006年以来我院实施了130余例亲属活体供肾移植,有2例术后2周内发生自发性单发回肠穿孔,现报告如下.
消毒供应中心承接手术敷料准备工作的实践

为保证手术敷料的品质,减少院内感染,消毒供应中心承担了部分手术敷料包装、灭菌和发放工作,与手术室达成共识,并共同制作各种手术敷料包的明细单,完善了各项规章制度,加强了科室之间的协作,确保了手术敷料准备工作的顺利进行.
保留灌肠插管深度对药物保留时间影响的Meta分析

目的 评价增加保留灌肠插管深度对延长药物保留时间的有效性.方法 采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索国内相关文献,纳入符合标准的随机时照试验,进行Meta分析.结果 共检索到11篇合格文献,828例病例.Meta分析结果显示,纳入研究存在异质性(χ~2=16.52,P=0.09,ρ=39%),采用随机效应模型分析,结果显示,增加保留灌肠插管深度对延长药物保留时间的有效性具有统计学意义(RR=4.42).结论 改进的保留灌肠方法在延长药物保留时间方面的效果优于传统保留灌肠方法,但需要今后高质量的大样本随机对照试验进一步验证.
Duchenne肌营养不良患儿抗肌萎缩蛋白基因突变的检测

Duchenne肌营养不良(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)是X连锁隐性遗传引起的严重的神经肌肉疾病,男性新生儿的发生率为1/3500.临床表现以进行性肌肉无力和萎缩为特征,通常在12岁左右不能行走,20岁左右死于呼吸或心脏衰竭.
多西他赛致严重过敏性休克1例

患者,女,65岁,因反复便血10 d入院.患者10d前无明显诱因,发现便中带血,于2008年4月15日以"直肠癌"收住入院.既往有"高血压"病史10年,平素血压控制良好.4年前因"子宫颈癌"行"子宫颈癌根治术".
赈灾药品后勤保障工作体会

以我院赈灾救助工作的实际出发,探讨如何顺利开展赈灾急救药品后勤保障工作,以便应对类似突发事件.我们体会是捐赠物资管理使用工作应从物资接受、管理、使用等各环节加以重视,逐步建立实用高效的捐赠物资工作模式.
人血管内皮抑素抗肿瘤基因治疗的研究进展

早在20世纪70年代初,FOLKMAN就提出:肿瘤的生长有赖于血管的生成,需要血管为之提供养料并运走代谢废料,没有血管,肿瘤一般只能生长到1～2 mm~([1]).到20世纪90年代,又有研究发现:肿瘤组织>1～2 mm时,需要生成新血管为其继续增殖提供足够的氧气和营养物质.
罗伯逊易位携带者进行胚胎植入前遗传学诊断6例临床分析

罗伯逊易位(Robertsonian translocation)是一种涉及2条近端着丝粒染色体(D/G组染色体)的易位类型,其断裂发生在着丝粒部位或着丝粒附近,整个染色体臂发生了相互易位,形成2条中着丝粒染色体 [1].其中由染色体短臂形成的小染色体往往丢失,虽然染色体数目减少了1条,但由于主要基因没有丢失,个体的表型是正常的.
PADI4单核苷酸多态性与中国河北汉族人群类风湿关节炎的相关性研究

肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4(Peptidylarginine deiminase 4,PADI4)是一种能够催化抗原性蛋白多肽脱去亚胺基形成瓜氨酸的酶,有研究发现这一被称为"瓜氨酸化"的过程可能与类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)发病有关[1,2],目前尚无我国人群PADI4基因多态性的相关报道.
小粒野生稻与栽培稻杂种及回交后代的特征分析

小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta),是栽培稻遗传改良的宝贵资源,本研究通过杂交和回交,结合胚拯救技术获得了小粒野生稻与栽培稻的种间杂种及回交后代,调查了杂种与各回交后代的交配率和染色体数目,并运用175对均匀分布的SSR标记对双亲和92份二倍体的BC_3F_1植株进行了分析.结果表明,杂种F_1,BC_1,BC_2和BC_3的交配率分别为5.58%,0.11%,0.37%和1.62%;杂种染色体数目为36(ABC),回交后代的染色体数目为24～48;小粒野生稻与栽培稻间SSR标记的多态性概率为93.2%;在92份二倍体的BC_3F_1植株中,小粒野生稻渗入片段的数目、长度、总的大小及其所占全基因组的百分数分别为24.1,17.8,438.4cM和26.2%.同时还评价了杂种和回交后代的部分农艺性状和对水稻白叶枯病的抗性表现.这些材料可以用于鉴定来自于小粒野生稻的有利基因和产量相关性状的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci,QTL),为栽培稻的遗传改良提供新的操作平台.
富勒烯膦酸衍生物纳米水悬液对DNA限制性内切酶的抑制作用及其机理

富勒烯纳米颗粒水悬液的生物学效应正在引起人们的极大关注.采用具有EcoR Ⅰ、BamHⅠ、Cfr9Ⅰ和Xma Ⅰ单一酶切位点的pEGFP-N1超螺旋型质粒为底物,检测了单加成亚甲基富勒烯[60]二膦酸四乙酯(mono-methanophosphonatefullerene,MMPF)和二加成亚甲基富勒烯[60]二膦酸四乙酯(bis-methanophosphonnate fullerene,BMPF)的纳米水悬液(分别表示为,n-MMPF和,n-BMPF)对各种DNA限制性内切酶的抑制作用.实验发现,n-MMPF和n-BMPF均对EcoR Ⅰ有抑制作用,但后者的作用更强些.加入,n-BMPF后,对BamHⅠ酶切反应的半抑制浓度IC_(50)值大于30μmol/L,面对EcoR Ⅰ的半抑制浓度IC_(50)值仅为4.3 μmol/L,对同工酶Cfr9Ⅰ和Xma Ⅰ的半抑制浓度IC_(50)值分别为11.7和8.3 μmol/L.当EcoR Ⅰ酶切反应完全被n-BMPF抑制时,在反应体系中增加底物pEGFP-N1的量,并不能观察到酶切产物线型质粒,但是在酶切体系中增加酶的量则能拮抗,n-BMPF的作用.两种活性氧清除剂甘露醇和叠氮化钠在浓度为2～10 mmol/L时,不能拮抗,n-BMPF的作用,说明n-BMPF的抑制活性与活性氧无关.这些结果首次表明,富勒烯纳米颗粒水悬液具有作为DNA限制性内切酶抑制剂的生物活性.
黄体(yellow~0)是果蝇小体重的一个标记

标记辅助选择(marker-assisted selection,MAS)是现代育种的一种重要手段,但是在研究中经常发现与数量性状基因座位(quantitative trait loci,QTL)连锁的标记效应不稳定,这使得MAS在动物育种中成功应用的报道很少,人们甚至怀疑MAS在实际应用中的效果.本研究首次利用模式生物果蝇来研究是否能够找到应用到MAS中的有效标记.采用F_2设计将带有黄体(y~0)标记(X染色体上yellow基因的一个隐性突变)的品系分别与3个不带此标记的品系进行正反杂交,结果发现F_2代中,y~0标记与小体重显著相关(P<0.001),而且这种相关不随遗传背景的改变而消失.标记效应在雌雄中分别达到了0.95_(σP)(表型标准差)和0.68_(σP).以y~0为标记,通过20代标记辅助导入(marker-assisted introgression,MAI),将y~0所处的DNA区段导入到野生型品系中,结果使野生型雌雄体重分别降低了13%和7%(P<0.0001),从而成功建立了小体重果蝇品系,实验证明确实存在一个与y~0紧密连锁的小体重QTL.利用y~0标记和白眼(white)标记进行深度MAI,进一步将一个小于1.5 cM的y~0标记区段导入到野生型品系中,同样导致了野生型果蝇相同程度的体重降低.可见,果蝇的小体重QTL位于y~0标记区段,遗传距离不超出1.5 cM的范围.PCR和Southern杂交的结果显示,此标记处的y基因发生了缺失,可能影响了果蝇的正常生长发育.本实验充分证明,应用到MAS育种中的QTL有效标记是存在的,并且可以用于培育新的品系.
谷胱甘肽对铜绿假单胞菌的抑制及对四环素敏感性的影响

谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)在肺部疾病中扮演重要的角色,用吸入GSH的方法来治疗肺囊肿性纤维化病(cystic fibrosis,CF)已进入临床实验.本研究结果表明,GSH可以改变铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)对不同抗生素的敏感性,但其作用机理可能与普遍认同的氧化压力无关.同时,GSH和它的氧化形式可以抑制铜绿假单胞菌的生长.
Preparation, characterization and combustion properties of Zr/ZrH_2 particles coated with α-FeOOH crystal grains

Zr/ZrH_2 particles with irregular morphologies and broad size distribution were uniformly coated with aci-cular α-FeOOH crystal grains via a facile route without using polymers or surfactants.The as-synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray (EDX),UV-vis diffusion reflection (UV-vis) and Raman spectrometry.Based on these char-acterizations,the synthesis mechanism was explained in terms of combined heterogeneous nucleation and solid state transformation reaction.The presence of α-FeOOH coating greatly changed the combustion behavior of Zr/ZrH_2 particles: the combustion lasting time decreased from 32 s for un-coated Zr/ZrH_2 par-ticles to 0.2 s for coated particles while the maximum temperature in the combustion process increased from 1510℃ to 2036℃.
Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM_(10) aerosol in Hangzhou,China

Aerosol observation was conducted for four seasons from September 2001 to August 2002 at five sampling sites in Hangzhou,South China,on PM10 mass,22 elements (Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,K,Ca,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Br,Cd,Ba,and Pb),5 major ions (F~-,Cl~-,NO_3~-,SO_(4~(2-)),and NH_4~+),and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC),showing that PM10 mass ranged from 46.7 to 270.8 μg/m~3,with an annual average of 119.2 μg/m~3.Na,AI,Si,S.K,Ca,and Fe were the most abundant elements in PM_(10),most ors being in the form of SO_(4~(2-)).SO_(4~(2-)),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+ were the major ions,which contributed to about 20%; of the PM_(10) mass.The mean seasonal concentrations for SO_(4~(2-)) ,averaged over all sites,were found to be 18.0,18.5,24.Z and 21.4 μg/m~3.for spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively,while the corresponding Ioadings for NO_(3-) were 72,4.7,7.1,and 11.2μg/m~3.and for NH_4~+ were 6.0,5.9,8.2.and 9.3 μg/m~3,in the form mostly of NH_4NO_3 in spring,autumn,and winter,and mostly of (NH_4)_2SO_4 in summer.The low NO_3~-/SO_(4~(2-)) ratio found indicates coal combustion as the major source throughout the year.The mean annual concentrations of OC and EC in PM10 were found to be 21.4,and 4.1 μg/m~3,respectively.Material balance calculation indicated that fugitive dust,the secondary aerosol,and carbonaceous matter were the most abundant species in PM_(10) for the four seasons,as is characteristic for cities in South China.
Particle Measurement Sensor for in situ determination of phase structure of fluidized bed

Based on three-dimensional (3D) acceleration sensing,an intelligent particle spy capable of detecting,transferring,and storing data,is proposed under the name of Particle Measurement Sensor (PMS).A prototype 60-mm-dia PMS was tested to track its freefall in terms of velocity and displacement,and served as a particle spy in a fluidized bed delivering the in situ acceleration information it detects.With increasing superficial gas velocity in the fluidized bed,the acceleration felt by PMS was observed to increase.The variance of the signals,which reflect the fluctuation,increased at first,reaching a maximum at the gas velocity (U_c) which marks the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization.Through probability density distribution (PDD) analysis,the PDD peak can be divided into the emulsion phase peak and the bubble phase peak.The average acceleration of emulsion and bubble phase increased,while the variance of both phases reached a maximum at U_c,at the same time.However,the difference between the variances of two phases reached the maximum at U_c.Findings of this study indicate that PMS can record independent in situ information.Further,it can provide other in situ measurements when equipped with additional multi-functional sensors.
氟乙酰胺中毒后多发性脑及脏器出血死亡1例

1 案例资料简要案情 李某,男,47岁.2003年某日晨,喝下被人投放鼠药的饮料后不久便出现头痛、腹部不适、意识不清、大小便失禁、阵发抽搐等症状,进而昏迷,2d后死亡.
GC/MS法检验人体组织及体液中八角枫

八角枫为八角科八角枫属植物瓜木[1],其有效成分为毒藜碱[2],主要用于治疗风湿关节痛、跌打损伤、精神分裂症,目前也有口服八角枫中毒的案例.本文利用GC/MS方法对人体组织和体液中的八角枫进行检验,效果较好,现报道如下.
中国北方汉族群体TPH-G1066A遗传多态性

色氨酸羟化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase,TPH)广泛分布于体内各组织,是中枢神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)的代谢限速酶,参与多种中枢神经活动[1].本文调查中国北方地区汉族人群TPH-G1066A的遗传多态性,以期提供遗传学基础数据.
Variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126

We report the results of a time-series CCD photometric survey of variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 2126. In about a one square degree field covering the cluster, a total of 21 variable candidates are detected during this survey, of which 16 are newly found. The periods, classifications and spectral types of 14 newly discovered variables are discussed, which consist of six eclipsing binary systems, three pulsating variable stars, three long period variables, one RS CVn star, and one W UMa or δ Scuti star. In addition, there are two variable candidates, the properties of which cannot be determined. By a method based on fitting observed spectral energy distributions of stars with theoretical ones, the membership probabilities and the fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined. As a result, five variables are probably members of NGC 2126. The fundamental parameters of this cluster are determined as: metallicity to be 0.008 Z_⊙, age log(t)=8.95, distance modulus (m - M)_0 = 10.34 and reddening value E(B -V) = 0.55 mag.
Injected spectrum for TeV γ-ray emission from the galactic center

The detection of very high energy γ-ray emission from the Galactic center has been reported by four independent groups. One of these γ-ray sources, the 10TeV γ-ray radiation reported by HESS, has been suggested as having a hadronic origin when relativistic protons are injected into and interact with the dense ambient gas. Assuming that such relativistic protons required by the hadronic model come from the tidal disruption of a star by the massive black hole of Sgr A~*, we explore the spectrum of the relativistic protons. In the calculations, we investigate cases where different types of stars are tidally disrupted by the black hole of Sgr A~*, and we consider that different diffusion mechanisms are used for the propagation of protons. The initial energy distribution of the injected spectrum of protons is assumed to follow a power-law with an exponential cut-off, and we derive the different indices of the injected spectra for the tidal disruption of different types of stars. For the best fit to the spectrum of photons detected by HESS, the spectral index of the injected relativistic protons is about 2.05 when a red giant is tidally disrupted by the black hole of Sgr A~* and the diffusion mechanism is the Effective Confinement of Protons.
Automated estimation of stellar fundamental parameters from low resolution spectra: the PLS method

PLS (Partial Least Squares regression) is introduced into an automatic esti-mation of fundamental stellar spectral parameters. It extracts the most correlative spec-tral component to the parameters (T_(eff), log g and [Fe/H]), and sets up a linear regres-sion function from spectra to the corresponding parameters. Considering the properties of stellar spectra and the PLS algorithm, we present a piecewise PLS regression method for estimation of stellar parameters, which is composed of one PLS model for T_(eff), and seven PLS models for log g and [Fe/H] estimation. Its performance is investigated by large experiments on flux calibrated spectra and continuum normalized spectra at dif-ferent signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and resolutions. The results show that the piecewise PLS method is robust for spectra at the medium resolution of 0.23 nm. For low resolu-tion 0.5 nm and 1 nm spectra, it achieves competitive results at higher SNR. Experiments using ELODIE spectra of 0.23 nm resolution illustrate that our piecewise PLS models trained with MILES spectra are efficient for O ～ G stars: for flux calibrated spectra, the systematic offsets are 3.8%, 0.14dex, and -0.09 dex for T_(eff), log g and [Fe/H], with error scatters of 5.2%, 0.44 dex and 0.38 dex, respectively; for continuum normalized spectra, the systematic offsets are 3.8%, 0.12dex, and -0.13 dex for T_(eff), log g and [Fe/H], with error scatters of 5.2%, 0.49 dex and 0.41 dex, respectively. The PLS method is rapid, easy to use and does not rely as strongly on the tightness of a parameter grid of templates to reach high precision as Artificial Neural Networks or minimum distance methods do.
Comparison between Swift and pre-Swift gamma-ray bursts

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) mission Swift has made a much deeper GRB survey than any previous one. I present a systematical comparison between GRB samples detected with pre-Swift missions and those from Swift, in order to investigate whether they show any statistical difference. Our Swift GRB sample includes the bursts detected by Swift/BAT before 2007 September. With both flux-limited surveys and redshift-known GRB samples, I show that, apparently, the observed distributions of the redshifts, T_(90), and log N-log P are significantly different, but not for the spectral hardness ratio, fluence and E_(iso). The redshifts of the Swift GRB sample are statistically larger than those of pre-Swift GRBs, with a mean of 1.95±0.17 compared to ～ 1 for pre-Swift GRBs. The cosmological effect on the observables is thus considerable. This effect on the spectral hardness ratio, fluence and E_(iso) is cancelled out, and the distributions of these quantities indeed do not show significant differences between the Swift and pre-Swift GRBs. Taking this effect into account, I found that the corrected distributions of T90 for long GRBs and log N - log P observed with Swift/BAT are also consistent with those observed with CGRO/BATSE. These results indicate that the Swift and pre-Swift GRBs are from the same population.
吲哚美辛巴布剂体外释放度的研究

吲哚美辛属于非甾体类抗炎药物,具有解热、镇痛、消炎作用,临应上主要利用其抗炎作用治疗风湿性疾病,常用的剂型主要有片剂、胶囊剂、栓剂、酊剂和肠溶片等[1].近年来又有缓释微囊栓等新的研究成果出现[2].但由于受其剂型的影响,使其在临床外用的发展受到了限制.笔者所用的吲哚美辛巴布剂是针对外用研制的,并进行了释放度方法的研究,作为该制剂释放度质量控制依据.
隐睾不育及癌变的研究进展

不育与癌变一直是治疗的重点和难点.近年来,对隐睾(cryptorchidism)不育和癌变的研究已从组织学和激素学发展到细胞学,即生殖母细胞迁移障碍或延迟可能是隐睾不育与癌变的关键因素:支持细胞及间质细胞发育缺陷直接或间接导致生殖母细胞迁移障碍或延迟.≤4岁行睾丸固定术的隐睾患者预后较好,且近年的趋势主张早期治疗性干预,手术治疗可于出生数月进行,然而对1～3岁患儿行激素治疗,可能会抑制精原细胞的增长.抑制素B和FSH可作为隐睾患者生育潜能的预测指标之一.
半焦脱硫剂脱除烟气中的SO_2

烟气脱硫作为净化大气、遏制酸雨的技术,在过去几十年中得到了迅速发展,并且在工业应用上取得了巨大成功,炭法烟气脱硫技术已经在国外得到商业化应用,能够100%脱除烟气中的SO_2.国内、外在炭法烟气脱硫的工艺研究和机理探讨方面都做了大量的工作,如以多孔炭为物理吸附剂,通过变温吸附来获得纯SO_2;以多孔炭作为催化剂,将SO_2催化氧化变为硫酸.
Interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon and its impacts on general circulation and precipitation

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height (GHT) and wind at 850 hPa,GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June-August from 1951 to 2006, and focusing on the East Asia-West Pacific region (10°-80°N, 70°-180°E), interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its correlations with general circulation and precipitation patterns are studied by using statistical diagnostic methods such as 9-point high pass filtering, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, composite analysis and other statistical diagnosis, etc. It is concluded as follows: (1) EOF analysis of SLP in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows the existence of the zonal dipole oscillation mode (APD) between the Mongolia depression and the West Pacific high, and APD index can be used as an intensity index of EASM. (2) EOF analysis of GHT anomalies at 500 hPa in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows that the first EOF mode is characterized with an obvious meridional East Asian pattern (EAP), and EAP index can also be used as an EASM intensity index. (3) The composite analysis of high/low APD index years reveals the close correlation of APD index with EAP at 500 hPa (or 850 hPa). The study shows an obvious opposite correlation exists between APD index and EAP index with a correlation coefficient of -0.23, which passes the confidence test at 0.10 level. (4) Both APD and EAP indexes are closely correlated with precipitation during flood-prone season in China and precipitation rate over the East Asia-West Pacific region. The significant correlation area at 5% confidence level is mainly located from the southern area of the Yangtze River valley to the ocean around southern Japan, and the former is a positive correlation and the latter is a negative one.
The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China

Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm~(-2) and 14.8 t hm~(-2) respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks decreased by 25.6%,28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation, orchard and arable land.After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0-60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%. The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate elevated atmospheric CO_2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous area in mid-subtropics.
The complex nonlinear systems with fractal as well as chaotic dynamics of annual runoff processes in the three headwaters of the Tarim River

This paper attempted to identify fractal and chaotic characteristics of the annual runoff processes in headwaters of the Tarim River. Methods of fractal analyses were used to explore several aspects of the temporal changes from 1957 to 2002. The main findings are as follows: (1) The annual runoff processes of the three headwaters of the Tarim River are complex nonlinear systems with fractal as well as chaotic dynamics. (2) The correlation dimensions of attractor derived from the time series of the annual runoff for the Hotan, Yarkand and Aksu rivers are all greater than 3.0 and non-integral, implying that all three rivers are chaotic dynamical systems that are sensitive to initial conditions, and the dynamic modeling of their annual runoff process requires at least four independent variables. (3) The time series of annual runoff in each river presents a long-term correlation characteristic. The Hurst exponent for the period of 1989 to 2002 suggests that we may expect to see an increasing trend in the annual runoff of the Aksu and Yarkand rivers in the years after 2002, but a decreasing tendency for the Hotan River in the same period.
Design and fabrication of a terminating type MEMS microwave power sensor

A terminating type MEMS microwave power sensor based on the Seebeck effect and compatible with the GaAs MMIC process is presented. An electrothermal model is introduced to simulate the heat transfer behavior and temperature distribution. The sensor measured the microwave power from-20 to 20 dBm up to 20 GHz. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.27 mV/mW at 20 GHz, and the input return loss is less than -26 dB over the entire experiment frequency range. In order to improve the sensitivity, four different types of coplanar waveguide(CPW) were designed and the sensitivity Was significantly increased by about a factor of 2.
Degradation of ultra-thin gate oxide LDD NMOSFET under GIDL stress

The degradation of device under GIDL(gate-induced drain leakage current)stress has been studied using LDD NMOSFETs with 1.4 nm gate oxides. Experimental result shows that the degradation of device parameters depends more strongly on V_d than on V_g. The characteristics of the GIDL current are used to analyze the damage generated during the stress. It is clearly found that the change of GIDL current before and after stress can be divided into two stages. The trapping of holes in the oxide is dominant in the first stage, but that of electrons in the oxide is dominant in the second stage. It is due to the common effects of edge direct tunneling and band-to-band tunneling. SILC(stress induced leakage current)in the NMOSFET decreases with increasing stress time under GIDL stress. The degradation characteristic of SILC also shows saturating time dependence. SILC is strongly dependent on the measured gate voltage. The higher the measured gate voltage, the less serious the degradation of the gate current. A likely mechanism is presented to explain the origin of SILC during GIDL stress.