mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
一起下水道窨井内发生的急性硫化氢中毒事件调查

硫化氢中毒在许多行业中时有发生。因其可造成“电击型”死亡的特性,发生中毒事件时,社会关注度较高,但在实际调查中将正规实验室检测和快速现场检测相结合的报道并不多见。近期余杭某开发区内发生一起多人中度硫化氢中毒事件,现将该事件报告如下。
Adjoint Sensitivity Study on Idealized Explosive Cyclogenesis

The adjoint sensitivity related to explosive cyclogenesis in a conditionally unstable atmosphere is investigated in this study. The PSU/NCAR limited-area, nonhydrostatic primitive equation numerical model MM5 and its adjoint system are employed for numerical simulation and adjoint computation, respectively. To ensure the explosive development of a baroclinic wave, the forecast model is initialized with an idealized condition including an idealized two-dimensional baroclinic jet with a balanced three-dimensional moderateamplitude disturbance, derived from a potential vorticity inversion technique. Firstly, the validity period of the tangent linear model for this idealized baroclinic wave case is discussed, considering different initial moisture distributions and a dry condition. Secondly, the 48-h forecast surface pressure center and the vertical component of the relative vorticity of the cyclone are selected as the response functions for adjoint computation in a dry and moist environment, respectively. The preliminary results show that the validity of the tangent linear assumption for this idealized baroclinic wave case can extend to 48 h with intense moist convection, and the validity period can last even longer in the dry adjoint integration. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicates that the rapid development of the idealized baroclinic wave is sensitive to the initial wind and temperature perturbations around the steering level in the upstream. Moreover, the moist adjoint sensitivity can capture a secondary high sensitivity center in the upper troposphere, which cannot be depicted in the dry adjoint run.
Decadal Variation of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode and Its Influence on the East Asian Trough

We analyze the decadal variation of the stratosphere–troposphere coupled system around the year 2000 by using the NCEP reanalysis-2 data. Specifically, the relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) and the tropospheric East Asian trough is investigated in order to find the effective stratospheric signals during cold air outbreaks in China. Statistical analyses and dynamic diagnoses both indicate that after 2000, increased stratospheric polar vortex disturbances occur and the NAM is mainly in negative phase. The tropospheric polar areas are directly affected by the polar vortex, and in the midlatitudes, the Ural blocking high and East Asian trough are more active, which lead to enhanced cold air activities in eastern and northern China. Further investigation reveals that under this circulation pattern, downward propagations of negative NAM index are closely related to the intensity variation of the East Asian trough. When negative NAM anomalies propagate down to the upper troposphere and reach a certain intensity (standardized NAM index less than –1), they result in apparent reinforcement of the East Asian trough, which reaches its maximum intensity about one week later. The northerly wind behind the trough transports cold air southward and eastward, and the range of influence and the intensity are closely associated with the trough location. Therefore, the NAM index can be used as a measure of the signals from the disturbed stratosphere to give some indication of cold air activities in China.
Comparison of the Multi-Scale Features in Two Persistent Heavy Rainfall Events in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Two persistent heavy rainfall (PHR) events in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR) occurring in June 1982 and 1998 are studied in this paper. Though both events happened in the Meiyu season, their large-scale background and developing processes were quite different. During the PHR event in 1982, the Lake Baikal area was occupied by a strong westerly trough and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was stronger and more westward-extending than the normal years. Under such a condition, the cold–dry air and warm–moist air were continuously transported to the MLYR and favored the PHR there. For the event in 1998, the WPSH was similar to that in 1982, while the westerly trough in the Lake Baikal area was comparatively weak and a shortwave trough situating in East China contributed to advect cold–dry air to the MLYR. It is found that the high-latitude trough was closely related to the 10– 30-day low-frequency oscillation while the anomaly of WPSH was linked with the combined effect of both 30–60- and 10–30-day low-frequency oscillations in the PHR event in 1982. By contrast, the 60-day low-pass perturbation demonstrated positive impact on the westward extension of WPSH and development of the Baikal trough while the 30–60-day oscillation played a role in strengthening the shortwave trough in East China and the WPSH in the case of 1998. Though the low-latitude 30–60-day oscillations contributed to the intensification and westward extension of the WPSH in both PHR events, their evolution exhibited evident differences. In the 1982 case, the 30–60-day anomalies originated from the western Indian Ocean were much more like the Madden–Julian Oscillation, while its counterpart in the 1998 case was much more similar to the first mode of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation.
Vertical Distributions of Aerosol Optical Properties during Haze and Floating Dust Weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar. There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions. Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50 km~(–1) on haze days. In contrast, aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients (0.20–0.35 km–1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days. The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth (AOD) for both haze and floating dust cases were similar—greatest in winter, smaller in spring, and smallest in autumn. More than 85% of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather. The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon, and at nightfall, respectively. The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather. Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up, but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface. The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze. The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.
Ultra-thin single-layer transparent geometrical phase gradient metasurface and its application to high-gain circularly-polarized lens antenna

A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface (GPGM).With an accuracy control of the transmission phase and also the high transmission amplitude, the GPGM is capable of manipulating an electromagnetic wave arbitrarily. A focusing transmission lens working at Ku band is well optimized with the F/D of 0.32. A good focusing effect is demonstrated clearly by theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation. For further application, an ultra-thin single-layer transmissive lens antenna based on the proposed focusing metasurface operating at 13 GHz is implemented and launched by an original patch antenna from the perspective of high integration, simple structure, and low cost. Numerical and experimental results coincide well, indicating the advantages of the antenna system, such as a high gain of 17.6 dB, the axis ratio better than 2 dB, a high aperture efficiency of 41%, and also a simple fabrication process based on the convenient print circuit board technology. The good performance of the proposed antenna indicates promising applications in portable communication systems.
Magic wavelengths for the 7s_(1/2) 6d_(3/2,5/2) transitions in Ra~+

The dynamic polarizabilities of the 7s and 6d states of Ra~+ are calculated using a relativistic core polarization potential method. The magic wavelengths of the 7s_(1/2)–6d_(3/2,5/2) transitions are identified. Comparing to the common radiofrequency (RF) ion traps, using the laser field at the magic wavelength to trap the ion could suppress the frequency uncertainty caused by the micromotion of the ion, and would not affect the transition frequency measurements. The heating rates of the ion and the powers of the laser for the ion trapping are estimated, which would benefit the possible precision measurements based on all-optical trapped Ra~+.
Electron trapping properties at HfO_2/SiO_2 interface, studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy and theoretical analysis

Electron trapping properties at the HfO_2/SiO_2 interface have been measured through Kelvin Probe force microscopy, between room temperature and 90 ℃. The electron diffusion in HfO_2 shows a multiple-step process. After injection, electrons diffuse quickly toward the HfO_2/SiO_2 interface and then diffuse laterally near the interface in two sub-steps: The first is a fast diffusion through shallow trap centers and the second is a slow diffusion through deep trap centers. Evolution of contact potential difference profile in the fast lateral diffusion sub-step was simulated by solving a diffusion equation with a term describing the charge loss. In this way, the diffusion coefficient and the average life time at different temperatures were extracted. A value of 0.57 eV was calculated for the activation energy of the shallow trap centers in HfO_2.
Collective diffusion in carbon nanotubes: Crossover between one dimension and three dimensions

Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, we study the collective diffusion of helium in carbon nanotubes. The results show that the collective diffusion coefficient (CDC) increases with the dimension of the channel. The collective diffusion coefficient has a linear relationship with the temperature and the concentration. There exist a ballistic transport in short carbon nanotubes and a diffusive transport in long carbon nanotubes. Fick's law has an invalid region in the nanoscale channel.
Stable structure and optical properties of fused silica with NBOHC-E' defect

First-principles method is used to simulate the stable structure and optical properties of a 96-atom fused silica. The preferable structure of NBOHC-E' (non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) and E0 center) pair defect is predicted to be located at 2.4 °A for the Si-O bond length. The quasi-particle G0W0 calculations are performed and an accurate band gap is obtained in order to calculate the optical absorption properties. With the stretching of the Si1-O1 bond, an obvious redshift can be observed in the absorption spectrum. In the case of NBOHC-E' pair, the p-orbital DOS of Si1 atom will shift to the conduction band. Two obvious absorption peaks can be observed in the absorption spectrum. The calculation reproduced the peak positions of the well-known optical absorption bands.
Diode laser using narrow bandwidth interference filter at 852 nm and its application in Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter

We demonstrate an 852-nm external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system whose wavelength is mainly determined by an interference filter instead of other wavelength selective elements. The Lorentzian linewidth measured by the heterodyne beating between two identical lasers is 28.3 kHz. Moreover, we test the application of the ECDL in the Faraday atomic filter. Besides saturated absorption spectrum, the transmission spectrum of the Faraday atomic filter at 852 nm is measured by using the ECDL. This interference filter ECDL method can also be extended to other wavelengths and widen the application range of diode laser.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of quantum broadcast communication and authentication protocol with a quantum one-time pad

The security of quantum broadcast communication (QBC) and authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and quantum one-time pad is analyzed. It is shown that there are some security issues in this protocol. Firstly, an external eavesdropper can take the intercept-measure-resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on 0.369 bit of every bit of the identity string of each receiver without being detected. Meanwhile, 0.524 bit of every bit of the secret message can be eavesdropped on without being detected. Secondly, an inner receiver can take the intercept-measure-resend attack strategy to eavesdrop on half of the identity string of the other's definitely without being checked. In addition, an alternative attack called the CNOT-operation attack is discussed. As for the multi-party QBC protocol, the attack efficiency increases with the increase of the number of users. Finally, the QBC protocol is improved to a secure one.
Capturing the interaction types of two Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab on suppressing the cotton bollworm by using multi-exponential equations

Transgenic crops are increasingly promoted for their practical effects on suppressing certain insect pests, but all transgenic crops are not equally successful. The insect pests can easily develop resistance against single Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin transgenic crops. Therefore, transgenic crops including two or more mixed Bt-toxins can solve this problem by delaying the resistance development and killing the majority of targeted pests before the evolution of resistance. It is important to test the controlling effects of transgenic crops including multiple mixed toxins on a particular insect pest. Previous research has checked the cross-resistance and interactions between Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against one susceptible and four resistant strains of cotton bollworm. The results showed that independence was themain interaction type between two toxins for the susceptible strain, whereas synergism was the main interaction type for any one resistant strain. However, the optimal combinations of two toxins were not obtained. In the present study, we developed two multi-exponential equations (namely bi- and tri-exponential equations) to describe the combination effects of two Bt toxins. Importantly, the equations can provide predictions of combination effects of different continuous concentrations of two toxins.We compared these two multi-exponential equations with the generalized linear model (GLM) in describing the combination effects, and found that the bi- and tri-exponential equations are better than GLM. Moreover, the bi-exponential equation can also provide the optimal dose combinations for two toxins.
Kinetics and mechanisms of the catalytic thermal cracking of asphaltenes adsorbed on supported nanoparticles

The production of heavy and extra-heavy oil is challenging because of the rheological properties that crude oil presents due to its high asphaltene content. The upgrading and recovery processes of these unconventional oils are typically water and energy intensive, which makes such processes costly and environmentally unfriendly. Nanoparticle catalysts could be used to enhance the upgrading and recovery of heavy oil under both in situ and ex situ conditions. In this study, the effect of the Ni-Pd nanocatalysts supported on fumed silica nanoparticles on post-adsorption catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7 asphaltenes was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR. The performance of catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7 asphaltenes in the presence of NiO and PdO supported on fumed silica nanoparticles was better than on the fumed silica support alone. For a fixed amount of adsorbed n-C_7 asphaltenes (0.2 mg/m~2), bimetallic nanoparticles showed better catalytic behavior than monometallic nanoparticles, confirming their synergistic effects. The corrected Ozawa– Flynn–Wall equation (OFW) was used to estimate the effective activation energies of the catalytic process. The mechanism function, kinetic parameters, and transition state thermodynamic functions for the thermal cracking process of n-C_7 asphaltenes in the presence and absence of nanoparticles are investigated.
Catalytic aquathermolysis of Shengli heavy crude oil with an amphiphilic cobalt catalyst

An interfacially active cobalt complex, cobalt dodecylbenzenesulfonate, was synthesized. Elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, and surface/interfacial tension determination were performed to investigate the properties of the catalyst. Results showed that the synthesized catalyst showed active interfacial behavior, decreasing the surface tension and interfacial tension between heavy oil and liquid phase to below 30 and 1.5 mN/m, respectively. The catalyst was not thermally degraded at a temperature of 400 °C, indicating its high thermal stability. Catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by carrying out aquathermolysis. The viscosity determination showed that the viscosity of the heavy oil decreased by 38 %. The average molecular weight, group compositions, and average molecular structure of various samples were analyzed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR MS), and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Results indicated that the catalyst could attack the sulfur- and O_2-type heteroatomic compounds in asphaltene and resin, especially the compounds with aromatic structure, leading to a decrease in the molecular weight and then the reduction in the viscosity of heavy oil. Therefore, the synthesized catalyst might find an application in catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil, especially for the high-aromaticity heavy oil with high oxygen content.
Selective dissolution of eodiagenesis cements and its impact on the quality evolution of reservoirs in the Xing'anling Group, Suderte Oil Field, Hailar Basin, China

Reservoirs in the Xing'anling Group in the Suderte Oil Field, Hailar Basin exhibit ultra-low to low permeability and high tuffaceous material content. This study comprehensively analyzed diagenesis and quality evolution of these low-permeability reservoirs using thin sections, SEM samples, rock physical properties, pore water data, as well as geochemical numerical simulations. Calcite and analcite are the two main types of cements precipitated in the eodiagenetic stage at shallow burial depths in the reservoirs. These two cements occupied significant primary intergranular pores and effectively retarded deep burial compaction. Petrography textures suggest selective dissolution of massive analcite and little dissolution of calcite in the mesodiagenetic stage. Chemical calculations utilizing the Geochemist's Workbench 9.0 indicated that the equilibrium constant of the calcite leaching reaction is significantly smaller than that of the analcite leaching reaction, resulting in extensive dissolution of analcite rather than calcite in the geochemical system with both minerals present. Numerical simulations with constraints of kinetics and pore water chemistry demonstrated that the pore water in the Xing'anling group is saturated with respect to calcite, but undersaturated with analcite, leading to dissolution of large amounts of analcite and no dissolution of calcite. Significant secondary intergranular pores have formed in analcite-cemented reservoirs from selective dissolution of analcite in the mesodiagenetic stage; the analcite dissolution formed preferential flow paths in the reservoirs, which promoted feldspar dissolution; and dissolution of such minerals led to the present reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability. Calcite-cemented tight reservoirs have not experienced extensive dissolution of cements, so they exhibit ultra-low porosity and permeability.
Huoxue Anxin Recipe (活血安心方) Promotes Myocardium Angiogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Rats by Up-Regulating miR-210 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Objective: To investigate the microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) rats and the regulating effects of Huoxue Anxin Recipe (活血安心方, HAR) on angiogenesis-related miRNAs and genes. Methods: Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to a random number table: sham, AMI, and AMI+HAR groups (15 in each group). AMI rats were established by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. HAR was intragastrically administered to rats of the AMI+HAR group for successive 21 days since modeling, meanwhile the same volume of 0.9% normal saline was administered to rats of the sham and AMI groups. Doppler echocardiography was used for noninvasive cardiac function test. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological change. miRNAs expression profile was detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and a target gene of miR-210 was further detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The microvessels density of myocardium was evaluated by CD31 immunostaining. Results: Compared with the sham group, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) values were decreased significantly in the AMI group (P<0.01), while the infarction area and the interstitial collagen deposition were increased obviously. As for the AMI+HAR group, EF and FS values were increased significantly (P<0.05 vs. AMI group), and the infarction area was reduced and the interstitial collagen deposition were alleviated significantly. Total of 23 miRNAs in the AMI group expressed differently by at least 1.5 folds compared with those in the sham group; 5 miRNAs in the AMI+HAR group expressed differently by at least 1.5 folds compared with those in the AMI group. Among them, miR-210 was low in the AMI group and high in the AMI+HAR group. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF were decreased significantly in the AMI group (P<0.05 vs. sham group), and increased significantly in the AMI+HAR group (P<0.01 vs. AMI group). CD31 expression area and optical intensity were decreased significantly in the AMI group (P<0.05 vs. sham group), and increased significantly in the AMI+HAR group (P<0.01 vs. AMI group). Conclusions: HAR could reduce the infarction area, alleviate the interstitial fibrosis and improve the cardiac function of AMI rats. Those effects could be related to promoting myocardium angiogenesis of HAR by up-regulating miR-210 and VEGF.