mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Chemical Characteristics of Snow-Firn Pack in Altai Mountains and Its Environmental Significance

In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone (3 300 m a.s.l.) of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH_4~+>SO_4~(2-)>Ca~(2+)>NO_3~->Na~+ >Cl~->K~+>Mg~(2+). NH_4+is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq·L~(-1), accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, and SO_4~(2-)is the dominant anion, with a medium value of 4.0 ueq·L~(-1), which accounts for 33.9% of the total cations. Compared with Belukha Glacier (Altai), Urumqi Glacier No. 1, and the Inilchek Glacier (Tienshan), there is a lower ion concentrations in the Kanas snow-firn pack. Potential sources of these chemical species are explored using correlation and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses. The analyses indicate that major ion concentrations (except NH_4~+) originate from crustal dust. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to Kanas Glacier. The results suggest that air pollutants emitted by forest fires in Siberia could be transported and influence the NH_4~+, NO_3~-, and SO_4~(2-)concentrations on the Kanas Glacier.
Analysis of Onset and Development of Ore Formation in Dajishan Tungsten Ore Area, Jiangxi Province, China

The “theory of self-similar oscillatory finite-time singularities” of Sornette reflects accurately the spatio-temporal evolution and trends of development of events and processes in complex systems approaching to the singularities, and the effect of prediction for catastrophic events has been tested to be satisfactory. The authors take the contents of the chemical element tungsten as the carrier of positive feedback (or activator) in the ore formation, then try to apply the theory to studying and analyzing the onset and development of ore formation in the Dajishan (大吉山) tungsten ore area, Jiangxi (江西) Province, China. The results of the study show that during the spatio-temporal evolution from outside the ore area to its center, the contents of the chemical element tungsten and their logarithmic derivatives (local fractal dimension) manifest an obvious regularity: by way of the process of oscillation and the transition to power-law accelerating growth, they eventually approach the center of ore formation. The regularity makes clear that in the complex ore-forming system of the Dajishan tungsten ore deposit, the chemical element tungsten plays the role of carrier of positive and negative feedback, and by competing with each other, approaches to singularity in finite time by virtue of self-similar log-periodic oscillations and succeeded by power-law accelerating growth. In this way the onset of ore formation is realized. This regularity reflects correctly the dynamic process of ore formation of the studied ore deposit. The authors hold that Sornette’s theory can be further applied to the prediction of perspective areas.
2.5-D DC Resistivity Modeling Considering Flexibility and Accuracy

We highlighted the flexibility of using unstructured mesh together with the local refinement by a resistivity model with complicated topography. The effect of topography is emphasized. Based on this, we calculated a specific class of layered models and found that the accuracy is not always satisfactory by utilizing the standard approach. As an improvement, we employed the layered earth as the reference model to calculate the wavenumbers. The comparison demonstrates that the accuracy is considerably improved by using this enhanced approach.
Isotope Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks from the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

C, O, H, S and Sr isotopes were investigated to characterize the isotopic composition of the Paleocene-Eocene volcanic rocks in Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. The analyzed samples of volcanic rocks cover a range from basalt to and esite. The δ~(13)C and δ~(18)O values of calcite in volcanic rocks range from -7.5‰ to -3.2‰ and 0.4‰ to 5.1‰, respectively. The homogenous δ~(13)C_(cal)and depleted δ~(18)O_(cal) values relative to primary magmatic values reflect the effect of high temperature alteration of volcanic rocks. The δ~(18)O of volcanic rocks ranges from -1.1‰ to 7.2‰, and the majority of values are significantly lower than those of primary magmatic values. The low δ~(18)O_(WR) values are compatible with high temperature alteration. The initial values of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr of volcanic rocks span a narrow range from 0.703 312 to 0.703 504 which belong to the present mid-oceanic ridge basalt. The values of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr of volcanics in the Barton Peninsula are similar to those determined in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island. The δD_(WR)and H_2O contents of volcanic rocks range from -74‰ to -66‰ and 0.67 wt.% to 2.74 wt.%, respectively. The higher δD_(WR)and H_2O wt.% of volcanic rocks relative to fresh basalts also result from high temperature alteration. Sulfur isotope compositions of the volcanic rocks range from -12.5‰ to -7.0‰; these values may represent fractionation accompanying partial oxidation of magmatic S or incorporation of some bacteriogenic sulfide. The low S contents and negative correlation with C and H_2O reflect the formation of calcite and breakdown of sulfide as a result of high temperature water-rock interaction.
Primary Intergranular Pores in Oolitic Shoal Reservoir of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: Fundamental for Reservoir Formation and Retention Diagenesis

The Lower Triassic Feixianguan (飞仙关) Formation oolitic shoal reservoir in the Sichuan (四川) basin (Southwest China) is currently an exploration and research highlight in China. The reservoir is widely believed to be formed mainly by burial dissolution and/or dolomitization on the basis of primary intergranular pores. In this study, through a comprehensive geological study on the whole basin, the dissolution and dolomitization are suggested not to be the fundamental factor of reservoir formation and there thus may be a possible new fundamental mechanism—the preservation of primary intergranular pores, i.e., the retention diagenesis. Based on this, a complex and multi-stage reservoir evolution and formation model is proposed. In the model, the depositional environment is the basis of reservoir initial formation. Subsequently, early compaction and shallow burial cementation result in the primary reservoir differentiation. Then, multi-stage burial dissolution alters and adjusts the reservoir. Because the last stage gaseous hydrocarbons have little diagenetic impact, the reservoir is formed finally. Therefore, this study presents a possible new fundamental mechanism and evolution model for the reservoir formation. The results can be applied in the regional reservoir predication and shaping exploration strategies, and provide reference for the study of shoal reservoirs in other areas.
Three-Dimensional S-Wave Velocity Structure in Eastern Tibet from Ambient Noise Rayleigh and Love Wave Tomography

We apply ambient noise tomography to continuous three-component broadband seismic data between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008 from the regional networks of 76 stations deployed by China Earthquake Administration. Ambient noise cross-correlations were performed to produce the Green’s functions of each station-pair. Within the period from 6 to 50 s, Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves were measured using the multiple filter analysis method. Then threedimensional (3-D) S-wave velocity structures from the surface down to 70 km are inverted from both Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion results. The obtained S-wave velocity maps show strong lateral variations and correlate well with the distinct geological and tectonic features in the study area. The Sichuan basin displays low velocity in shallow depth due to thick sedimentary deposits but high velocity in the mid-lower crust; the eastern Tibetan plateau is clearly featured with a low-velocity zone in its mid-to-lower crust which is consistent with the crustal flow model proposed to explain the mechanism of uplift and pattern of deformation for the Tibetan plateau. Meanwhile, our results also exhibit that the crustal thickness decreased from the eastern Tibetan plateau to the Sichuan basin.
Rayleigh Wave Group Velocity Distribution in Ningxia

In this article, seven months ambient noise data and 10 events recorded at seven digital stations from the Ningxia (宁夏) regional seismic network and 5 500-t controlled source explosion data recorded by 15 temporary and 7 permanent seismic stations are used to measure dispersion curves of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. The study region was divided into grids with 0.1°×0.1°; group velocity distributions of Rayleigh waves from 6-22 s were determined with the Occam’s inversion technique. These velocity distribution maps show the lateral velocity variations in the study area, and the velocity structures are correlated with surface geology and tectonic units. The Yinchuan (银川) basin is clearly featured with low velocities, and the Helan (贺兰) Mountain and southern mountain areas are revealed with high velocities.
Temporal variability of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the sea during 1950-2008

Based on hydrological data observed at Lijin gauging station from 1950 to 2008,the temporal changes of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the sea were analyzed by the wavelet analysis,and their impacts on the estuary were investigated in different periods based on the measured coastline and bathymetry data.The results show that: (1)there were three significant periodicities,i.e.annual(0.5-1.0-year),inter-annual (3.0-6.5-year)and decadal(10.1-14.2-year),in the variations of water discharge and sediment load into the sea,which might be related to the periodic variations of El Nino and Southern Oscillation at long-term timescales.Variations of water discharge and sediment load were varying in various timescales,and their periodic variations were not significant during the 1970s-2000s due to strong human disturbances.(2)The long-term variation of water discharge and sediment load into the sea has shown a stepwise decrease since the 1950s due to the combined influences of human activities and precipitation decrease in the Yellow River Basin,and the human activities were the main cause for the decrease of water discharge and sediment load.(3)The water discharge and sediment load into the sea greatly influenced the evolution of the Yellow River Estuary,especially the stretch rate of coastline and the deposition rate of the sub-aqueous topography off the estuary which deposited since 1976.
Where medicine meets the boundaries of manhood and womanhood

We are defined by sexual dimorphism. Male and female, the sexes we are (and are perceived to be), affect how we feel, how we behave and how we interact with others. We look around and see all complex creatures, including ourselves, as either male or female. This is so much a part of our daily existence that it reinforces the idea of manhood and womanhood as expressions of a natural order. We regard this division into two sexes as one of the great eternal verities and tend to experience the difference between the sexes as rather absolute. Subjectively, man and woman are seen as opposites, poles apart and mutually exclusive forms of human existence.[取自正文]
Is XMRV a causal virus for prostate cancer

The potential association between xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) and prostate cancer (PCa) has been documented since 2006. It is important for furthering our understanding of the biological mechanisms of PCa to ascertain whether this association is causal. To summarize the available information on the epidemiological and laboratory findings of the association, we conducted a literature search of the PubMed electronic database (from March 2006 to February 2011) to identify relevant published studies that examined the association between XMRV and PCa. Although several studies showed the positive association between XMRV and PCa, more recent studies did not support this conclusion. The positive findings might be due to contamination of human samples. Further studies are needed to clarify this association.
中医四诊在无偿献血征询体检中的初步运用

目的减少无偿献血中献血反应的发生和不合格血液的采集,保证献血者安全和减少血液资源的浪费。方法随机将600名无偿献血者分为中西医结合体检组:300名,将中医四诊(望、闻、问、切)结合西医常规方法(听心、肺及测血压、体重等)对其体检;西医常规体检组:300名,运用西医常规体检方法对其体检;筛选出2组献血者参加无偿献血,观察2组出现献血反应情况,并追踪、比较2组血液检测指标不合格情况。结果中西结合组与西医常规体检组的体检合格率为80．67%(242/300)vs 88．67%(206/300)(P＞0．05);献血反应及血检不合格率。结论中医四诊结合西医常规体检对无偿献血者体检的效果明显好于单纯西医常规体检,有助于减少献血反应的发生,减少血液资源的浪费。
血站建立受者疑似感染经输血传播疾病处置机制的探索

迄今为止，国内外采供血机构对医疗用血筛查输血传播病原体，所采用的无论是酶联免疫、化学发光还是分子生物学方法等，抑或几种方法的配伍，其结果都表明现有的方法尚无法避免经输血传播疾病的“窗口期”感染问题，因而经输血传播疾病的风险始终存在[1，2]。由此，采供血机构建立受者疑似感染经输血传播疾病的处置机制并列入危机管理的范畴的重大课题摆在了血站管理者面前。我们结合血站管理的实践对此课题作了初步探讨，现报告如下。[取自正文]
Bactec MGIT 960系统与改良罗氏培养基法用于培养分枝杆菌的比较

目的评价Bactec MGIT 960 4方法收集临床标本共578,分别接种于Bactec MGIT 960,分离到的分枝杆菌用荧光PCR 4结果578,共分离出171 (29．6%)。105,仅Bactec MGIT 960 54,仅罗氏培养基阳性有12 4 Bactec MGIT 960 27．5%(159/578),罗氏培养基法为20．2%(117/578)。Bactec MGIT 960 10．2 d,罗氏培养基法为27．5 d4 Bactec MGIT 960 7．6%,罗氏培养基法为4．3%4结论Bactec MGIT 960,联合改良罗氏培养基可进一步提高分离率.
新疆地区564例抗核抗体阳性结缔组织病患者的荧光核型及靶抗原分析

目的了解新疆地区结缔组织病(CTD)患者血清中抗核抗体(ANA)荧光核型、靶抗原与CTD之间的相关性。方法采用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测ANA荧光核型;采用免疫印迹法和酶免疫法检测抗核抗体谱和自身抗体。结果新疆地区564例ANA阳性CTD患者中,ANA荧光核型有单一及复合核型。单一核型中核颗粒型最多见(靶抗原依次为SSA、nRNP、Sm),其次核均质型(靶抗原依次为dsDNA、核小体和组蛋白)。复合核型中,双核型以核颗粒型+核均质型,核颗粒型+胞浆颗粒型组合为主。三核型以核颗粒型+核均质型+胞浆颗粒型常见。在荧光核型、靶抗原及疾病关系分析结果中发现:SLE患者单核型以核均质和核颗粒最常见,双核型以核颗粒+核均质、核颗粒+胞浆颗粒组合常见,三核型为核颗粒、核均质、胞浆颗粒同时出现。另外抗核糖体P蛋白以往引起胞浆颗粒荧光,而本研究中核颗粒型检出率为27．03%。抗着丝点抗体在SLE、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、硬皮病及重叠综合征中均能检出。结论新疆地区CTD患者血清ANA荧光核型呈现多样性。以核颗粒为优势核型;靶抗原SSA不仅可以引起经典的核颗粒荧光,还可呈现核均质、核仁型、胞浆颗粒型荧光。核糖体p蛋白呈现核颗粒型荧光。抗着丝点抗体具有较宽的疾病谱;SLE患者荧光核型呈现多样性,自身抗体谱广于其他自身免疫性疾病(AID)。
用全自动血培养仪进行体液病原菌培养

全自动血培养仪广泛用于临床,为血液感染提供了方便快速的检测方法。而脑膜炎、关节炎、心包炎等诊断有赖采用传统培养方法(固体培养基如血平板或巧克力平板培养,或使用脑心浸液增菌)作体液培养,病原菌检出率较低。有作者推荐使用血培养仪进行体液的病原菌培养,对此本文作总结和讨论。[取自正文]
Restrictions on Purely Kinetic K-Essence

We restrict purely kinetic k-essence. Assuming that the equation of state is a power law of the kinetic energy, i.e. w = woXa, we find that a must be positive to obtain accelerated phases, constrained from the conditions for stability and causality. In this case the k-essence behaves like a phantom. We also study the evolutions of the equation of state and the speed of sound with numerical simulations.
Nonlinear Optical Studies of [(C_4H_9)4N][Ni(dmit)_2] by Z-Scan Technique

Nonlinear optical properties of an organo-metallic compound [(C4H_9)_4N][Ni(dmit)_2] (dmit=2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate), abbreviated as BuNi, dissolved in acetone, are investigated using the Z-scan technique with a 40ps pulse width at 1064nm and a 1 ns and 15ns pulse width at 1053 nm. Strong saturable absorption is found when the sample solution is irradiated by 40ps and 1 ns laser pulses. When irradiated with a 15ns laser pulse, a stronger reverse saturable absorption is found. The nonlinear optical absorption coefficients are -1.06 x 10~(-11), -2.02 x 10~(-11) and 2.73 x 10~(-10) m/W, respectively. All the results suggest that BuNi may be a promising candidate in the application of laser pulse compression in the near-infrared waveband.
Thermodynamic Properties of a Reissner-Nordstrom Quintessence Black Hole

The first law of thermodynamics for the three horizons of Reissner-Nordstrom quintessence (RNQ) spacetime is obtained. For a general process of RNQ spacetime, the expressions for the radius changes of the three horizons are derived. When only mass changes, the heat fluxes through the three horizons are equivalent and no heat is left in the black hole region. Finally, a further discussion on the thermal properties of an RNQ black hole is given.
Frequency Stabilization Using Polarization Spectroscopy and Cr-He Hollow Cathode Discharge

Polarization spectroscopy is used to lock a frequency-doubled Ti:Sapphire laser to the 425.5 nm 7S3 →7_P_4~0 transition of 52 Cr. A Cr-He hollow cathode discharge cell is designed and fabricated to produce Cr atom vapor instead of a high temperature cell. Without any modulation devices or lock-in amplifiers, a high signal-to-background level polarization spectroscopy signal is obtained. Moreover, a frequency fluctuation of Ω#295kHz for more than one hour is achieved.
Computer modeling of crystal growth of silicon for solar cells

A computer simulator with a global model of heat transfer during crystal growth of Si for solar cells is developed. The convective, conductive, and radiative heat transfers in the furnace are solved together in a coupled manner using the finite volume method. A three-dimensional (3D) global heat transfer model with 3D features is especially made suitable for any crystal growth, while the requirement for computer resources is kept permissible for engineering applications. A structured/unstructured combined mesh scheme is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation. A dynamic model for the melt-crystal (mc) interface is developed to predict the phase interface behavior in a crystal growth process. Dynamic models for impurities and precipitates are also incorporated into the simulator. Applications of the computer simulator to Czochralski (CZ) growth processes and directional solidification processes of Si crystals for solar cells are introduced. Some typical results, including the turbulent melt flow in a large-scale crucible of a CZ-Si process, the dynamic behaviors of the mc interface, and the transport and distributions of impurities and precipitates, such as oxygen, carbon, and SiC particles, are presented and discussed. The findings show the importance of computer modeling as an effective tool in the analysis and improvement of crystal growth processes and furnace designs for solar Si material.
Intrinsic ZnO films fabricated by DC sputtering from oxygen-deficient targets for Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 solar cell application

Intrinsic zinc oxide films, normally deposited by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, are fabricated by direct current (DC) sputtering. The oxygen-deficient targets are prepared via a newly developed double crucible method. The 800-nm-thick film obtaines significantly higher carrier mobility compareing with that of the 800-nm-thick ZnO film. This is achieved by the widely used RF sputtering, which favors the prevention of carrier recombination at the interfaces and reduction of the series resistance of solar cells. The optimal ZnO film is used in a Cu (ln, Ga) Se_2 (CIGS) solar cell with a high efficiency of 11.57%. This letter demonstrates that the insulating ZnO films can be deposited by DC sputtering from oxygen-deficient ZnO targets to lower the cost of thin film solar cells.
Assimilation of remote sensing and crop model for LAI estimation based on ensemble kaiman filter

Data assimilation in agricultural remote sensing research is of great significance to integrate with remote sensing observations and model simulations for parameters estimation. The present investigation not only designed and realized the Ensemble Kaiman Filtering algorithm (EnKF) assimilation by combing the crop growth model (CERES-Wheat) with remote sensing data, but also optimized and updated the key parameters (LAI) of winter wheat by using remote sensing data. Results showed that the assimilation LAI and the observation ones agreed with each other, and the R2 reached 0.8315. So assimilation remote sensing and crop model could provide reference data for the agricultural production.
Infection behaviour of melampsora larici-populina on the leaf surface of populus purdomii

Behaviours of urediospore germtube in Melampsora larici-populina on the leaf surface of Populus purdomii were studied by light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope. Crab-like fusion cells on leaf surface, intercellular hyphal cells in leaf tissues, as well as nucleus states, were observed and counted up in this study. Under unsaturated humidity, 32% of germinated tubes fused into a distinguishable swollen crab-shaped cell at the merging site, and 10.5% of observed crab-like cells had more than three nuclei. Wedge-shaped mycelia developed and then penetrated the leaf surface directly, or indirectly through stomata. Tips of germtube passed through the intercellular cells of poplar leaves directly were found in TEM. Aniline blue dyeing also showed that the infecting hyphae could invade into the cuticle and epidemic cell wall directly. For the case of infection through stomata, there were two different situations. Short branches and wedge hyphae usually penetrated the leaf surface via opened stomata, whereas, some germtube branches and wedge hyphae penetrated leaves through the guard cell walls or stoma lips. In the latter case, the stomata were always closed. The samples from wild forestlands had the same fused cells and wedge hyphae, but the occurrence rate was much higher than that in the chamber. Even under the saturated air humidity, germtubes could roll back and formed fusion structure, or merged together with their tips. The fusion cells might centralize the plasma of merged germtubes and have a strong survival capacity to protect germtubes from dying under arid circumstances, and provide a chance of genetic variation as well.
Transcript Accumulation Dynamics of Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes in the Maturing Xylem and Phloem of Picea abies during Latewood Formation

In temperate regions, latewood is produced when cambial activity declines with the approach of autumnal dormancy. The understanding of the temporal (cambium activity vs dormancy) and spatial (phloem, cambial region, maturing xylem) regulation of key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway during latewood formation represents a crucial step towards providing new insights into the molecular basis of xylogenesis. In this study, the temporal pattern of transcript accumulation of 12 phenylpropanoid genes (PAL1, C4H3/5, C4H4, 4CL3, 4CL4, HCT1, C3H3, CCoAOMT1, COMT2, COMT5, CCR2) was analyzed in maturing xylem and phloem of Picea abies during latewood formation. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a well-defined RNA accumulation pattern of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway during latewood formation. Differences in the RNA accumulation patterns were detected between the different tissue types analyzed. The results obtained here demonstrated that the molecular processes involved in monolignol biosynthesis are not restricted to the cambial activity timeframe but continued after the end of cambium cell proliferation. Furthermore, since it has been shown that lignification of maturing xylem takes place in late autumn, we argue on the basis of our data that phloem could play a key role in the monolignol biosynthesis process.