mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water and Sediment of A Multi-level Ditch System in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The multi-level ditch system developed in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China has sped up water drainage process hence transferred more pollutants from farmlands into the rivers of this region.Understanding the seasonal dynamics of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)transportation in the ditch system and the role of different ditch size is thus crucial for water pollution control of the rivers in the Sanjiang Plain.In this study,an investigation was conducted in the Nongjiang watershed of the Sanjiang Plain to study the nutrient variation and the correlation between water and sediments in the ditch system in terms of ditch level.Water and sediments samples were collected in each ditch level in growing season at regular intervals(once per month),and TN,NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N,TP,and PO_4~(3-)-P were analyzed.The results show that nutrient contents in water were higher in June and July,especially in July,the contents of TN and TP were 3.21 mg/L and 0.84 mg/L in field ditch,4.04 mg/L and 1.06 mg/L in lateral ditch,2.46 mg/L and 0.70 mg/L in branch ditch,1.92 mg/L and 0.63 mg/L in main ditch,respectively.In August and September,the nutrient contents in the water were relatively lower.The peak value of nutrient in ditch water had been moving from the field ditch to the main ditch over time,showing a remarkable impact of ditch system on river water environment.The nutrient transfer in ditch sediments could only be found in rainfall season.Nutrient contents in ditch sediment had effect on that in ditch water,but nutrients in ditch water and sediments had different origination.Ditch management in terms of the key factors is hence very important for protecting river water environment.
Responses of Spatial-temporal Variation of Karst Ecosystem Service Values to Landscape Pattern in Northwest of Guangxi,China

The responses of spatiotemporal variation of ecosystem service values(ESVs)to landscape pattern from 1985 to 2005 in a typical Karst area of the northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,were examined using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in this paper.The total ecosystem service values declined significantly from 1985 to 1990,and then increased slowly from 1990 to 2005,almost equaled to the 1985 level.The ecosystem service values tended to decline from the west to the east and from mountainous regions to peak-cluster depression areas in 1985,1990,2000 and 2005 respectively.During the period from 1985 to 2005,the ecosystem service values have increased in the middle and eastern parts of the study area.Landscape pattern indices,such as total area,largest patch index,contagion,aggregative index,effective mesh and proportion of like adjacencies,are significantly correlated with ecosystem service values.This suggests that ecosystem service values tend to increase with the growth of patch area and patch connectivity.However,there are negative correlations between ecosystem service values and landscape pattern indices,such as division index and patch richness.It indicates that ecosystem service values decrease with patch fragmentation and patch size shrinkage.The ecosystem conditions in the typical Karst area have been improved because of the control measures of rocky desertification.It is important to protect key landscape types,such as woodland,shrub and grassland,and to increase patch size and connectivity to avoid further fragmentation.Furthermore,it is necessary to reduce disturbances to ensure the growth of ecosystem service values and to facilitate the sustainable development in this region.
Effect of Reclamation Time and Land Use on Soil Properties in Changjiang River Estuary,China

The objective of this study is to analyze soil physical and chemical properties,soil comprehensive functions and impact factors after different years of reclamation.Based on the survey data taken from 216 soil sampling points in the Fengxian Reclamation Area of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Estuary,China in April 2009 and remotely sensed TM data in 2006,while by virtue of multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA),geo-statistical analysis(GA),principal component analysis(PCA)and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA),it was concluded that:1)With the increase in reclamation time,soil moisture,soil salinity,soil electric conductivity and soil particle size tended to decline,yet soil organic matter tended to increase.Soil available phosphorous tended to increase in the early reclamation period,yet it tended to decline after about 49 years of reclamation.Soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonia nitrogen and pH changed slightly in different reclamation years.Soil physical and chemical properties reached a steady state after about 30 years of reclamation.2)According to the results of PCA analysis,the weighted value(0.97 in total)that represents soil nutrient factors(soil nitrate nitrogen,soil organic matter,soil available phosphorous,soil ammonia nitrogen,pH and soil particle size)were higher than the weighted value(0.48 in total)of soil limiting factors(soil salinity,soil electric conductivity and soil moisture).The higher the F value is,the better the soil quality is.3)Different land use types play different roles in the soil function maturity process,with farmlands providing the best contribution.4)Soil physical and chemical properties in the reclamation area were mainly influenced by reclamation time,and then by land use types.The correlation(0.1905)of the composite index of soil function(F)with reclamation time was greater than that with land use types(-0.1161).
Responses of Tree Species to Climate Warming at Different Spatial Scales

Tree species respond to climate change at multiple scales,such as species physiological response at fine scale and species distribution(quantified by percent area)at broader spatial scale.At a given spatial scale,species physiological response and distribution can be correlated positively or negatively.The consistency of such correlation relationships at different spatial scales determines whether species responses derived from local scales can be extrapolated to broader spatial scales.In this study,we used a coupled modeling approach that coupled a plot-level ecosystem process model(LINKAGES)with a spatially explicit landscape model(LANDIS).We investigated species physiological responses and distribution responses to climate warming at the local,zonal and landscape scales respectively,and examined how species physiological response and distribution correlated at each corresponding scale and whether the correlations were consistent among these scales.The results indicate that for zonal and warming-sensitive species,the correlations between species physiological response and distribution are consistent at these spatial scales,and therefore the research results of vegetation response to climate warming at the local scale can be extrapolated to the zonal and landscape scales.By contrast,for zonal and warming-insensitive species the correlations among different spatial scales are consistent at some spatial scales but at other scales.The results also suggest that the results of azonal species at the local scale near their distribution boundaries can not be extrapolated simply to broader scales due to stronger responses to climate warming in those boundary regions.
Landscape Ecology:Coupling of Pattern,Process,and Scale

Landscape ecology provides new theoretical frameworks and methodologies for understanding complex ecological phenomena at multiple scales.Studies of landscape ecology focus on understanding the dynamics of ecological patterns and processes,and highlight the integration of multiple disciplines.In this paper,we discussed the problems and challenges that landscape ecology is currently facing,emphasizing the limitations of current methods used to describe dynamic landscape patterns and processes.We suggested that the focus should be on the integration of ground-based observation,mobile monitoring,transect survey,and remote-sensing monitoring,as well as improved coupling of experimental and model simulations.In addition,we outlined the research frontiers in landscape ecology,including scaling,integrated pattern and process modeling,and regional synthesis.Lastly,a brief review of pattern-process-scale coupling studies in China was provided.We concluded by pointing out that pattern-process-scale interactions,correlations between natural,economic,and social processes,and the coupling of human and natural systems will be major research areas in landscape ecology in the future.
Melamine-(H_2SO_4)_3 and PVP-(H_2SO_4)n as solid acids:Synthesis and application in the first mono- and di-nitration of bisphenol A and other phenols

Melamine and poly vinylpyrrolidone (PVP)reacted with neat sulfuric acid readily to form two new organic solid acids namely melamine-(H_2SO_4)_3 and PVP-(H_2SO_4)_n.These solid acids were used for the first nitration of bisphenol A as well as other phenols in the presence of NH_4NO_3.Mono- and di-nitro bisphenol A have been characterized with IR and 'H NMR techniques.
贵州药用观赏植物在园林绿地中的应用

贵州有药用植物约4290种。其中多种植物除了具有药用价值之外,还具有很高的观赏价值。本文根据药用观赏植物各自特点和特性,探讨了适宜贵州地区的不同药用观赏植物在园林绿地中的选择和应用。
观赏辣椒种子萌发特征研究

研究了6种美国观赏辣椒(capstcumspp.)品种的种子萌发特征。结果表明:6种辣椒品种在发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和平均发芽天数四项指标上均达到显著差异。其中Explosive Ember品种发芽率、发芽势、平均发芽天数和发芽指数分别是 100％、75％、9.5、22.92,四项指标均优于其余品种。
Effects of Crop Growth and Development on Land Surface Fluxes

In this study,the Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis model(CERES3.0)was coupled into the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme(BATS),which is called BATS CERES,to represent interactions between the land surface and crop growth processes.The effects of crop growth and development on land surface processes were then studied based on numerical simulations using the land surface models.Six sensitivity experiments by BATS show that the land surface fluxes underwent substantial changes when the leaf area index was changed from 0 to 6 m2m-2.Numerical experiments for Yucheng and Taoyuan stations reveal that the coupled model could capture not only the responses of crop growth and development to environmental conditions,but also the feedbacks to land surface processes.For quantitative evaluation of the effects of crop growth and development on surface fluxes in China,two numerical experiments were conducted over continental China:one by BATS CERES and one by the original BATS.Comparison of the two runs shows decreases of leaf area index and fractional vegetation cover when incorporating dynamic crops in land surface simulation,which lead to less canopy interception,vegetation transpiration,total evapotranspiration,top soil moisture,and more soil evaporation,surface runo?,and root zone soil moisture.These changes are accompanied by decreasing latent heat flux and increasing sensible heat flux in the cropland region.In addition,the comparison between the simulations and observations proved that incorporating the crop growth and development process into the land surface model could reduce the systematic biases of the simulated leaf area index and top soil moisture,hence improve the simulation of land surface fluxes.
Evolution of the Total Lightning Activity in a Leading-Line and Trailing Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System over Beijing

Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform(LLTS)mesoscale convective system(MCS)over Beijing on 31 July 2007.Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud(IC)lightning,while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground(+CG)lightning to-CG lightning was 1:4,which was higher than the average value from previous studies.The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo,particularly at the leading edge of the front.Little IC lightning and little+CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region.The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure.During the storm’s development,most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km,the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm.When the thunderstorm began to dissipate,the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually.The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground,although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.
豌豆新品种银豌1号的选育及栽培技术

银豌1号是甘肃省白银市农业科学研究所从青海省农业科学院引进的高代品系,按照系谱选择法,经多年系统选育而成,原品系代号为86-2。1选育经过1994年将分离的后代品系混合种植,以生育期、株高和叶卷须为主要目标选择300个株系;1995年进行单株优选,选择生育期95d、株高60cm、叶卷[取正文]
保山市饲料大麦新品种选育和高产高效栽培技术集成及示范

保山市是云南省典型的山地农业区,当地农业科研和推广部门从实际出发,结合产业发展的需要,在认真搞好新品种选育的基础上,加快高产高效栽培技术集成研究及示范推广,取得了显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。
高抗丰产优质冬小麦品种陇鉴386的选育

冬小麦新品种陇鉴386是甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所于1995年用抗锈丰产亲本1321作母本,综合农艺性状优良、抗旱、抗寒、抗锈好的陇鉴127作父本,在连续旱作条件下经6年选育而成,原系号959-5-1-2-3。2001～2002年度参加新品系鉴定试验,较对照增产13.4%;2002～2004年度参加新品系比较试验,2004～2006年区域试验结果表明较对照品种增产4.7%;2006～2007年生产试验较对照增产10.72%,证明是高抗丰产优质的更新换代品种,适宜在甘肃陇东旱塬及同类地区种植。
肿瘤患者多重耐药菌感染的护理体会

多重耐药菌(MDR)是指同时对两类或两类以上抗菌药物产生耐药性的细菌。临床上常见的MDR主要有耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌、多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌。MDR感染现已遍布全球,在社区或医院中可引起散发、交叉传播,甚至爆发流行。对婴幼儿、免疫缺陷者和老年人的威胁尤大[1]。MDR感染应用常用抗生素,如β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和四环素类等,效果欠佳,故已成为治疗上的棘手问题,并伴有较高的病死率[2]。因此,如何采取有效的措施,预防和控制MDR的传播,已势在必行。现将大连医科大学第二临床学院肿瘤科对MDR患者的护理体会报告如下。[取正文]
下行神经源性诱发电位及其在脊柱矫形手术中的应用进展

脊柱矫形手术中，内固定物置入、截骨、矫形等过程可能会造成脊髓一过性或永久性损伤。为了保证患者安全，常在术中开展诱发电位监护。目前临床应用较多的是体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential，SSEP)和运动诱发电位(motor evoked potential，MEP)，前者能够监护脊髓感觉通路[1]，后者能够监护脊髓运动通路[2、3]。但是目前还没有一种能够同时监测脊髓感觉和运动通路的监测手段[4、5]。由Owen等[6]提出的下行神经源性诱发电位(descending neurogenic evoked potential，DNEP)被认为能够反映脊髓感觉和运动传导束的信息[6]，笔者就该技术的原理、方法及其临床应用做一综述。[取正文]
脊柱转移性肿瘤的诊疗原则

随着肿瘤综合治疗措施的进步，肿瘤患者的生存期不断延长，同时肿瘤发生远处转移的几率也随之增加。恶性肿瘤的骨转移最常累及脊柱，其中胸椎最多见，腰椎和颈椎次之。绝大多数脊柱转移瘤侵犯硬膜外的骨组织和相邻软组织，只有极少数转移瘤位于硬膜下髓外或脊髓内。脊柱转移瘤可破坏椎骨、压迫脊髓和神经，引起疼痛和/或不同程度的瘫痪症状，因此需要及时发现，早期治疗。[取正文]
免疫抑制剂治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury，SCI)是一种严重的中枢神经系统创伤性疾病，包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤[1]。原发性损伤不可逆，继发性损伤是有可能减轻或预防的，且多数脊髓组织细胞损害并非直接由原发性机械损伤造成，而是由继发性损伤导致。因此减轻继发性损伤成为治疗SCI的重点。近年来对SCI的研究取得了长足的进步，尤其在使用免疫抑制剂治疗的研究中取得了比较好的结果。笔者针对目前常用的几种免疫抑制剂治疗SCI的进展综述如下。[取正文]
叶氏益气软坚方结合西医常规疗法治疗糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期疗效观察

目的　观察益气软坚方结合西医常规疗法治疗Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法　采用随机对照研究方法,将60例Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病病例分为治疗组(30例)与对照组(30例),对照组给予西医常规疗法治疗,治疗组在西医常规疗法基础上予益气软坚方口服,两组疗程均为12周;观察两组西医疗效、中医证候疗效以及治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆白蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿素氮。结果　治疗前症候总积分以及各主症的积分基本无差别。而治疗后两组症候平均总积分比较,治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.01);中医疗效分别为86.7%、53.3%,西医疗效分别为80.0%、53.3%,组间差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。治疗组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量降低(P<0.05),每一组治疗前后及两组间尿素氮、肌酐差异无统计学意义。结论　益气软坚方结合西医常规疗法能够减少尿蛋白排泄。
Constrained Traffic of Particles on Complex Networks

We study the traffic of particles on complex networks under constraints.The constraints we propose are the different interactions between particles and the limited capability of node holding particles.We give the grand partition function of the system and find the distributions of particles at the dynamically balanced point.Then,we investigate the internal relations among the theories of classical statistics,quantum statistics and the zero range process.Finally,we find the finite temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation.Numerical results verify our theoretical expectations.
Demonstration of a High Open-Circuit Voltage GaN Betavoltaic Microbattery

A high open-circuit voltage betavoltaic microbattery based on a GaN p-i-n diode is demonstrated.Under the irradiation of a 4x4 mm2 planar solid 63Ni source with an activity of 2mCi,the open-circuit voltage Voc of the fabricated single 2x2mm2 cell reaches as high as 1.62V,the short-circuit current density Jsc is measured to be 16nA/cm2.The microbattery has a fill factor of 55%,and the energy conversion efficiency of beta radiation into electricity reaches to 1.13%.The results suggest that GaN is a highly promising potential candidate for long-life betavoltaic microbatteries used as power supplies for microelectromechanical system devices.
Ground-State Density Profiles of One-Dimensional Bose Gases with Anisotropic Transversal Confinement

We investigate the ground-state density distributions of interacting one-dimensional Bose gases with anisotropic transversal confinement.Combining the exact ground state energy density of homogeneous bose gases with local density approximation,we determine the density distribution in each interacting regime for different anisotropic parameters.It is shown that the transversal anisotropic parameter changes the density distribution obviously,and the observed density profiles on each orientation exhibit a difference of a factor.
Coevolution of Structure and Strategy Promoting Fairness in the Ultimatum Game

We try to figure out how the structure evolution and strategy evolution commonly affect the emergence of fair behaviors in the ultimatum game under a complex network framework.By allowing the players to change their neighbors in the network as well as their strategies,several experiments have been conducted.Results of the simulations show that the coevolution has substantial impacts on the resulting outcomes for the strategy adopted as well as the ultimate structure.With increasing structure updating rate,players offer more in the ultimatum game,but players will offer less with increasing strategy updating rate.In particular,the ratio of structure updating to strategy updating also affects the emergence of fairness substantially because the larger the ratio,the more the players offer.In addition,the mutation in strategies plays a promoting role in the emergence of fairness..Moreover,the initial random network is evolved into the structure with small-world effects.By comparison with the traditional models of static structures,we show that allowing the network structure and strategy to coevolve generally promotes the emergence of fairness.
Community responses to extreme climatic conditions

Species assemblages and natural communities are increasingly impacted by changes in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events.Here we propose a brief overview of expected and demonstrated direct and indirect impacts of extreme events on animal communities.We show that differential impacts on basic biological parameters of individual species can lead to strong changes in community composition and structure with the potential to considerably modify the functional traits of the community.Sudden disequilibria have even been shown to induce irreversible shifts in marine ecosystems,while cascade effects on various taxonomic groups have been highlighted in Mediterranean forests.Indirect effects of extreme climatic events are expected when event-induced habitat changes (e.g.soil stability,vegetation composition,water flows altered by droughts,floods or hurricanes)have differential consequences on species assembled within the communities.Moreover,in increasing the amplitude of trophic mismatches,extreme events are likely to turn many systems into ecological traps under climate change.Finally,we propose a focus on the potential impacts of an extreme heat wave on local assemblages as an empirical case study,analysing monitoring data on breeding birds collected in France.In this example,we show that despite specific populations were differently affected by local temperature anomalies,communities seem to be unaffected by a sudden heat wave.These results suggest that communities are tracking climate change at the highest possible rate
Copulatory pattern and behavior in a semi-captive population of Eld's deer

Male copulatory patterns,female multiple copulation and male post-copulatory guarding were studied in Eld's deer Cervus eldi in Datian National Nature Reserve,China.Mating behavior in 18 females and 11 males from a group of 61 semi-captive Eld's deer were observed.The majority (55.8%)of copulations occurred .between 15:00-19:00 h.The ejaculatory mount was preceded by an average of 5.1 prior mounts.Successful copulation consisted of:a single thrust with ejaculation during one intromission,with no lock.This copulatory pattern is classified as pattern No.15 (no lock,no intravaginal thrusting,single intromission,and multiple ejaculation)and No.16 (no lock,no intravaginal thrusting,single intromission,and single ejaculation)under Dewsbury's scheme (1972)and as No.16 (no lock,no thrusting,single and brief intromission)under Dixson's classification (1998).Copulation frequency was 1.5 ± 0.9 times for males/ females with the same female/male per day.The duration of the final mount,which included ejaculation,was brief (3.4 ± 1.3 s),and ejaculation usually terminated copulation.Eleven females copulated more than once in this study:three of them copulated with several males (multi-male copulations)and the remainder copulated with a single male (repeated copulations).Our results indicate that some female Eld's deer may seek multiple copulations to be a strategy to improve the genetic quality of their offspring or to avoid harassment.Post-copulatory guarding of females by males followed all copulations,with dominant males guarding for significantly longer than subordinate males.Dominant males appear to be more effective at post-copulatory guarding than subordinate males.Subordinate males engaged in a quicker pre-copulatory phase to improve their chances of finishing copulation before being forced to accede to dominant males [Current Zoology 57 (3):284-292,2011].
Effect of formulation of alginate beads on their mechanical behavior and stiffness

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of formulation of alginate beads on their mechanical behavior and stiffness when compressed at high speed.The alginate beads were formulated using different types and concentrations of alginate and gelling cations and were produced using an extrusiondripping method.Single wet beads were compressed at a speed of 40 mm/min,and their elastic limits were investigated,and the corresponding force versus displacement data were obtained.The Young’s moduli of the beads were determined from the force versus displacement data using the Hertz’s contact mechanics theory.The alginate beads were found to exhibit plastic behavior when they were compressed beyond 50%with the exception of copper–alginate beads for which yield occured at lower deformation.Alginate beads made of higher guluronic acid contents and gelling cations of higher chemical affinity were found to have greater stiffness.Increasing the concentration of alginate and gelling ions also generated a similar effect.At such a compression speed,the values of Young’s modulus of the beads were found to be in the range between 250 and 900 kPa depending on the bead formulation.
Chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin,China

PM2.5 samples for 24 h were collected during winter in Tianjin,China.The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined.Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatography,while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance(TOR)method,and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer.The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 g/m3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 g/m3.The elevated PM2.5 in winter was mostly attributed to combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust,heating,cooking and industrial emissions,low wind speeds and high relative humidity (RH),which were favorable for pollutant accumulation and formation of secondary pollutants.By chemical mass balance,it was estimated that about 89.1%of the PM2.5 mass concentrations were explained by carbonaceous species,secondary particles,crustal matters,sea salt and trace elements.Organic material was the largest contributor,accounting for about 32.7%of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations.SO42-,NO3-,Cl-and NH4+were four major ions,accounting for 16.6%,11.5%,4.7%and 6.0%,respectively,of the total mass of PM2.5.
APACHEⅡ评分在急性心肌梗死病情评估中的应用价值

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是急诊科的一种常见危重疾病,尽早对患者进行危险分层以评估患者预后、制定合适的治疗方案具有重要意义。急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)是国际上通用的危重病评分系统,其有效性在不同的患者群中得到验证。而在其原始评价对象中却不包括AMI患者,既往关于其在AMI预后判断的效果也存在争议。本研究通过与TIMI危险评分进行比较,以探讨APACHEⅡ评分在AMI患者预后判断和病情评估中的适用性和可行性。