mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
New Progress of Oil and Gas Research in the Tonghua Area, East of the Songliao Basin

The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas source and the low exploration degree have constrained the further study of petroleum geological conditions and exploration deployment. Based on outcrop and core observations, geological section survey, trench exploration, high-precision gravity and magnetism and geological survey wells, this work discussed the basic geological conditions, main hydrocarbon source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and the oil and gas source.
The Identification and Modeling of the Volcanic Weathering Crust in the Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin

Through the analysis of core descriptions, well-logs, seismic data, geochemical data and structural settings of the volcanic rock of the Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin,and the geological section of the Yingcheng Formation in the southeast uplift area, this work determined the existence of volcanic weathering crust exists in the study area. The identification marks on the volcanic weathering crust can be recognized on the scale of core, logging, seismic, geochemistry, etc. In the study area, the structure of this crust is divided into clay layer, leached zone, fracture zone and host rocks, which are 5-118 m thick (averaging 27.5 m). The lithology of the weathering crust includes basalt, andesite,rhyolite and volcanic breccia, and the lithofacies are igneous effusive and extrusive facies. The volcanic weathering crusts are clustered together in the Dashen zone and the middle of the Xuzhong zone,whereas in the Shengshen zone and other parts of the Xuzhong zone, they have a relatively scattered distribution. It is a major volcanic reservoir bed, which covers an area of 2104.16 km~2. According to the geotectonic setting of the Songliao Basin, the formation process of the weathering crust is complete. Combining the macroscopic and microscopic features of the weathering crust of the Yingcheng Formation in Xujiaweizi with the logging and three-dimensional seismic sections, we established a developmental model of the paleo uplift and a developmental model of the slope belt that coexists with the sag on the Xujiaweizi volcanic weathering crust. In addition,the relationship between the volcanic weathering crust and the formation and distribution of the oil/gas reservoir is discussed.
冲上云霄的中国科技

飞机承载着人类的梦想,是20世纪最重要的发明之一。一个多世纪以来,随着航空工业的发展,飞机不断突破和超越,深刻改变了我们的日常生活。中国航空工业在很长时间里都处于相对落后的位置,但伴随着一系列大飞机计划的实施,中国航空工业近年来正迎头赶上,取得令人瞩目的成绩。
未来水资源回收厂的关键要素:灵活性和适应性

污水处理目标、出水标准和技术都在不断演变,这要求WRRF在设计上要更具灵活性来适应这些持续的变化。WRRF的厂房布局和工艺反应池的设计不应该仅限于现在的处理要求和技术,而是应该具有应对未来政策要求和技术的包容性。只有能帮助污水厂应对变化的设计规划,才是通往未来水资源回收厂的正道。
哀牢山金矿带北段马邓岩群外麦地岩组浅变质岩系中发现金矿体群

哀牢山金矿带处于哀牢山双变质带南西侧的含金低级变质带中,夹持于北西向的哀牢山断裂与九甲—阿墨江断裂之间(图1a)。该金矿带可分为北矿段和南矿段,以往将北矿段划分为九甲—老王寨—金厂金成矿亚带(西亚带)和大乾树—二台坡金成矿亚带(东亚带)。其中,西亚带为主要的成矿带,已知矿床产出较为集中,主要有镇沅老王寨、东瓜林、浪泥塘、和平丫口、库独木、搭桥箐及墨江金厂等矿床(点),其成矿时代较为相近,是对喜马拉雅期印—亚大陆碰撞造山作用响应的成矿产物,赋矿围岩均为志留系—石炭系具浅变质板岩化特征的浊积岩系。然而,在西亚带以外的其他浅变质岩区,建有古生界马邓岩群的转马路岩组和外麦地岩组,以往尚未显示出找矿潜力。由于多期造山作用的挤压影响,导致岩石发生强烈的脆韧性剪切变形和受变质作用的改造,原生层理发生多期构造置换,难以厘定地层的时代。笔者在参与该地区矿产地质调查和商业性找矿勘查过程中发现,外麦地岩组中赋存大量脉状金矿(化)体,属于新的含矿层位。
新辅助化疗后中低位直肠癌患者手术时机的选择

目的探讨中低位直肠癌患者新辅助化疗后进行手术的时间选择。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2016年6月在山东省枣庄市立第四医院外科进行手术的中低位直肠癌153例患者的临床资料,根据当时新辅助化疗后至手术的间隔时间,分为6~8周组(49例),9~11周组(51例)和12~ 14周组(53例)。观察患者手术和术后并发症情况,同时于术后1月和术后1年检测3组患者的肿瘤血清标志物并进行前后比较。结果3组患者手术时间(P=0.629)、术中出血量(P=0.806)、清扫淋巴结数(P=0.772)、手术保肛率(P=0.419)和术后肛门排气时间(P= 0.331)差异均无统计学意义。术后并发症发生率6 ~ 8周组6.1%例(3/49),9~11周组5.9%(3/51),12~14周组7.5%(4/53),3组差异无统计学意义(P= 0.201)。9~11周组术后1月CEA、CA19-9和CA125检测水平较手术后1年检测结果差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05);而6 ~ 8周组和12 ~ 14周组患者术后1年CEA、CA19-9和CA125检测水平明显高于术后1月检测结果(均P< 0.05)。结论新辅助化疗后9~11周行手术治疗可能会使中低位直肠癌患者获益较大。
Distribution and Speciation of Chromium and Cadmium in an Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Chernozem

Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and quality. However, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants. A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Province, China. Various proportions of inorganic nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P),and organic (manure) fertilizers were applied. Soil samples were collected four times over 2 years, and the total concentrations and speciation of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) were analyzed. Inorganic fertilizer addition had little effect on the total concentration of Cr and Cd, while organic fertilizer addition reduced the total concentrations of both Cr and Cd. Inorganic fertilizers increased the concentration of Cr in the exchangeable form, but decreased that of the residual form (P < 0.05). Addition of inorganic or organic fertilizer alone decreased concentrations of exchangeable Cd (P < 0.05), but the combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers had the opposite effect. High concentration of total Cd exceeding the upper limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China could result in an environmental risk, and fertilizer application could lower that risk. Results of risk assessment code calculated as the percentage of the sum of metal concentrations in the exchangeable and carbonate-associated form in total metal concentration showed that Cr and Cd risks were lowered when organic fertilizer was applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. Our study highlighted that organic fertilizer should be applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers to lower the environmental risks of Cr and Cd pollution in the chernozem.
Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematode Grazing and Tea Saponin Addition on the Enhanced Bioremediation of Pyrene-Contaminated Soil Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strain

As one of the most widely distributed bacterial predators in the soil,the role of bacterivorous nematodes on the enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is crucial, but remains to be investigated. A microcosm-level study was conducted to examine the effects of bacterial-feeding nematode grazing and tea saponin (TS) addition on bioremediation of a pyrene-contaminated soil enhanced by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterial strain Sphingobium sp. PHE9. After 180 d of incubation, the highest pyrene dissipation (71.3%) was achieved through a combination of Sphingobium sp. PHE9 inoculation with nematode and TS addition. Meanwhile, high counts of culturable PAH-degrading bacteria, soil enzyme activity, and biodiversity indices were observed under the combined treatment, implying that the microbiological function of the contaminated soil was significantly restored. Additionally, the results of Tenax~® extraction with the first-order three-compartment model indicated that rate-limiting factors varied among treatments. The lack of degrading microorganisms was the main rate-limiting factor for the treatments involving TS/nematode addition, and inadequate bioaccessible pyrene was the vital rate-limiting factor in the treatments involving Sphingobium sp. PHE9 inoculation. The proposed combined clean-up strategy proved to be a promising bioremediation technology for aged pyrene-contaminated soils.
Kinetics of Soil Potassium Release Under Long-Term Imbalanced Fertilization in Calcareous Soils

Knowledge on potassium ion (K+) release from soils makes K fertilizer recommendation more efficient and profitable. Kinetics of K+ release under continuous fertilization of no fertilizer (CK),urea (N), triple superphosphate (P),and urea + triple superphosphate (NP) without K fertilizer was investigated in calcareous (chloritic and kaolinitic) soils on the Miandarband Plain in Kermanshah Province of Iran. The results showed that the kinetics of K+ release included an initial reaction and a slow reaction. The phosphateand NH_4~+-induced K+ release followed the same rate process during the rapid (2-192 h) and slow release periods (192-1 090 h). There were no significant differences in the cumulative K+ released from the chloritic and kaolinitic soils among all the treatments. The cumulative K+ released was positively correlated with P adsorption capacity for the chloritic (r = 0.461, P < 0.05) and kaolinitic soils (r = 0.625, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with K fixation potential for the chloritic (r = 0.720, P < 0.01) and kaolinitic soils (r = -0.513,P < 0.01). There was a significant (P < 0.001) interactive effect of K fixation potential × P adsorption capacity on the cumulative K+ released for both soil groups. The initial release rate (IRR) index (a·b,where a and b are the rate coefficients of the power function equation) for the chloritic soils was significantly (P < 0.05) higher under applications of P and NP than N and CK. The IRR index values among different fertilization treatments were in the order of NP = P > N = CK for the chloritic soils, and N = P > NP > CK for the kaolinitic soils. This study showed that K fixation potential and P adsorption capacities controlled K+ release from soils. This information will be helpful for precise fertilizer recommendations for the studied soils.
Use of Bio char as an Amendment for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: Prospects and Challenges

Biochar (BC), known as the new black gold, is a stable, novel carbonaceous by-product that is synthesized through pyrolysis of biological materials in the absence of O_2. Recently,an emerging interest in the application of BC as a robust soil amendment has given rise to a broad research area in science and technology. It is considered a promising remediation option for heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soils to reduce HM bioavailability to plants. Remediation efficacy of BC depends on the porosity, composition, pyrolysis temperature, feedstock, and residence time of pyrolysis. This review article aimed to present an overview of BC use in the immobilization of HMs, i.e., Cd, As,Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Sb, in contaminated soils. The remaining uncertain factors, including the specific soil HM immobilization mechanisms,long-term beneficial effects, and potential environmental risks associated with BC application are analyzed. Future research must be conducted to ensure that the management of environmental pollution is in accord with ecological sustainability and adaptation of the black gold biotechnology on a commercial basis for immobilization of HMs in contaminated soils.
New Geochronologic Evidence of Diabases and Their Metallogenic Relationship with the Makeng-Type Iron Deposits in Southwest Fujian, SE China

The Makeng-type iron deposits are located in Late Paleozoic depression of southwest Fujian Province in the southeast edge of Cathaysia, which are famous for their huge scale and specific ore genesis. Previous studies mainly focus on the ore characteristics, metallogenic setting and the granites in the mining area, and there is still controversy on the ore genesis. Recent research has revealed that the iron ore bodies are spatially closely related to diabase rocks, especially those in the Makeng Fe deposit. Diabase dykes are widely distributed in the Makeng, Luoyang, Zhangkeng and other iron deposits, but they are little documented about their diabase rocks and their relationship with the mineralization, which has hindered the understanding about the genesis of Makeng-type iron deposits. This study conducted a new geochronologic study on diabase rocks in the Makeng-type iron mine areas to provide new constraints on ore genesis and metallogenic age of Makeng-type iron deposits in southwest Fujian Province.
Re-Os Dating of Bitumen from Paleo-Oil Reservoir in the Qinglong Antimony Deposit,Guizhou Province, China and Its Geological Significance

Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo-oil reservoir was found in the Qinglong antimony deposit. In view of similar components of gaseous hydrocarbon, we propose that the organic matters observed in inclusions in Qinglong antimony deposit would come from this paleo-oil reservoir. We used the Re-Os dating method to determine the age of the bitumen from this paleo-oil reservoir, and obtained an isochron age of 254.3±2.8 Ma. The age indicates that the oil-generation from source rock occurred in the early Late Permian, earlier than the Sb mineralization age (~148±8.5 Ma) in the Qinglong antimony deposit area. After oil generation from Devonian source rock, first and secondary migration, the crude oil have probably entered into the fractures and pores of volcanic rocks and limestone and formed a paleo-oil reservoir in the western wing of Dachang anticline. As burial process deepened,the crude oil has turned into natural gas, migrates into the core of Dachang anticline and formed a paleo-gas reservoir. The hydrocarbons (including CH_4) in the reservoirs can serve as reducing agent to provide the sulfur required for Sb mineralization through thermal chemical reduction of sulfates. Therefore, the formation of oil-gas in the area is a prerequisite for the Sb mineralization in the Qinglong antimony deposit.
造血干细胞移植后ADAMT13活性缺失血栓性微血管病一例报告附文献复习

血栓性微血管病(TMA)是以微血管性溶血、血小板减少、微血管血栓形成和多器官功能损害为表现的临床综合征,常引起肾功能损害及中枢神经系统异常,主要包括血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)、溶血性尿毒综合征(HUS)等。移植相关TMA(TA-TMA)是造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后的严重并发症之一,其特点为起病隐匿、进展迅速、病死率高、早期诊断困难。TA-TMA患者的血管性血友病因子(VWF)蛋白裂解酶(ADAMTS13)活性正常或轻度降低,目前普遍认为ADAMTS13缺失不是TA-TMA的主要发病机制。近期我院成功治疗一例ADAMTS13活性缺失的异基因HSCT(allo-HSCT)后并发TMA急性粒-单核细胞白血病患者,报告如下并进行文献复习。
CCLG-2008方案治疗424例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效分析

随着免疫学、细胞遗传学及分子生物学的发展以及化疗方案的改进,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)已不再被认为是致死性疾病。儿童ALL的5年无事件生存(EFS)率已达80%以上。我们对本中心以CCLG-2008方案治疗的424例初诊儿童ALL的临床资料进行回顾性分析。
Cytogenetic Analysis for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities by Amniocentesis: Review of Over 40,000 Consecutive Cases in a Single Center

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the 18-year experience of prenatal diagnosis of fetal karyotype analysis by amniocentesis. Methods: In this study,the authors reviewed the cytogenetic results of40,208 fetuses with indications for amniocentesis enrolled from December 1998 to December 2015. Cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid was performed in all these pregnancies. Eight indications for amniocentesis were included. The detection rate and distribution of abnormal karyotypes were observed in each indication. Results: Among all these samples,abnormal maternal serum screening test was the most common indication for amniocentesis (17,536,43.67%),followed by advanced maternal age (11,734,29.18%),abnormal ultrasound findings (5,328,13.25%),and required by pregnant women (2,557,6.36%). Chromosomal abnormality was detected in 1,349 (3.36%) samples,63.01% of the abnormalities were numerical,and 36.99% were structural. The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 55.60% in one of the couple with chromosomal abnormality,4.43% in the pregnant women with pathological ultrasound finding,2.83% in the pregnant women with advanced age,and 2.73% in women with abnormal maternal serum screening tests. Of the fetuses with chromosome aberrations,680 (50.41%) had trisomy 13,trisomy 18,or trisomy 21,and 138 (10.23%) had sex chromosome disorder. The other 531 abnormal samples included translocation,mosaicism,inversion,deletion,addition,and marker chromosome. Conclusions: Cytogenetic analysis,therefore,remained an effective approach to decrease the birth defects of fetuses with indications for amniocentesis. These results could provide meaningful suggestions for clinical genetic consulting and prenatal diagnosis.
Design of a hybrid magnetomotive force electromechanical valve actuator

We propose a novel axis-symmetric modified hybrid permanent magnet (PM)/electromagnet (EM) magnetomotive force actuator for a variable valve timing camless engine. The design provides a large magnetic force with low energy consumption, low coil inductance, PM demagnetization isolation, and improved transient response. Simulation and experimental results confirm forces of about 200 N (in the presence of coil current) at the equilibrium position and 500 N (in the absence of coil current) at the armature seat. We compared our proposed design with a double solenoid valve actuator (DSVA). The finite element method (FEM) designs of the DSVA and our proposed valve actuator were validated by experiments performed on manufactured prototypes.
Jointly optimized congestion control, forwarding strategy, and link scheduling in a named-data multihop wireless network

As a promising future network architecture, named data networking (NDN) has been widely considered as a very appropriate network protocol for the multihop wireless network (MWN). In named-data MWNs, congestion control is a critical issue. Independent optimization for congestion control may cause severe performance degradation if it can not cooperate well with protocols in other layers. Cross-layer congestion control is a potential method to enhance performance. There have been many cross-layer congestion control mechanisms for MWN with Internet Protocol (IP). However, these cross-layer mechanisms for MWNs with IP are not applicable to named-data MWNs because the communication characteristics of NDN are different from those of IP. In this paper, we study the joint congestion control, forwarding strategy, and link scheduling problem for named-data MWNs. The problem is modeled as a network utility maximization (NUM) problem. Based on the approximate subgradient algorithm, we propose an algorithm called ‘jointly optimized congestion control, forwarding strategy, and link scheduling (JOCFS)’ to solve the NUM problem distributively and iteratively. To the best of our knowledge, our proposal is the first cross-layer congestion control mechanism for named-dataMWNs. By comparison with the existing congestion control mechanism, JOCFS can achieve a better performance in terms of network throughput, fairness, and the pending interest table (PIT) size.
Design of high performance linear feedback laws for operation that extends into the nonlinear region of AMB systems

Existing active magnetic bearings (AMBs) operate in the linear region of the magnetic material flux density, which limits the utilization of the bearing capacity. In order to increase the utilization of the bearing capacity and enhance the performance of the AMB system, this paper develops a method for designing high performance linear feedback laws. The resulting feedback laws allow the AMB to operate in its nonlinear region and hence improve the closed-loop performance. We first establish an approximate nonlinear AMB current force response model, and place this nonlinear curve inside a sector formed by two piecewise linear lines. Based on the linear line segments in these two piecewise linear lines, we determine the maximum disturbance that can be tolerated by solving an optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. For a given level of disturbance under the maximum tolerable disturbance, we formulate and solve the problem of designing the linear feedback that achieves the highest level of disturbance rejection as another LMI problem. Both ${L_2}$ disturbances and ${L_\infty }$ disturbances are considered. Finally, we illustrate our design by both simulation and experimental results.
Nitrogen cycling and environmental impacts in upland agricultural soils in North China: A review

The upland agricultural soils in North China are distributed north of a line between the Kunlun Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River. They occur in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid regions and crop production often depends on rain-fed or irrigation to supplement rainfall. This paper summarizes the characteristics of gross nitrogen (N) transformation, the fate of N fertilizer and soil N as well as the N loss pathway, and makes suggestions for proper N management in the region. The soils of the region are characterized by strong N mineralization and nitrification, and weak immobilization and denitrification ability, which lead to the production and accumulation of nitrate in the soil profile. Large amounts of accumulated nitrate have been observed in the vadose-zone in soils due to excess N fertilization in the past three decades, and this nitrate is subject to occasional leaching which leads to groundwater nitrate contamination. Under farmer's conventional high N fertilization practice in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system (N application rate was approximately 600 kg ha~(-1) yr~(-1)), crop N uptake, soil residual N, NH_3 volatilization, NO_3~- leaching, and denitrification loss accounted for around 27, 30, 23, 18 and 2% of the applied fertilizer N, respectively. NH_3 volatilization and NO_3~- leaching were the most important N loss pathways while soil residual N was an important fate of N fertilizer for replenishing soil N depletion from crop production. The upland agricultural soils in North China are a large source of N_2O and total emissions in this region make up a large proportion (approximately 54%) of Chinese cropland N_2O emissions. The “non-coupled strong ammonia oxidation” process is an important mechanism of N_2O production. Slowing down ammonia oxidation after ammonium-N fertilizer or urea application and avoiding transient high soil NH_4~+ concentrations are key measures for reducing N_2O emissions in this region. Further N management should aim to minimize N losses from crop and livestock production, and increase the recycling of manure and straw back to cropland. We also recommend adoption of the 4R (Right soure, Right rate, Right time, Right place) fertilization techniques to realize proper N fertilizer management, and improving application methods or modifying fertilizer types to reduce NH_3 volatilization, improving water management to reduce NO_3~- leaching, and controlling the strong ammonia oxidation process to abate N_2O emission. Future research should focus on the study of the trade-off effects among different N loss pathways under different N application methods or fertilizer products.
Recent progress and future prospect of digital soil mapping: A review

To deal with the global and regional issues including food security, climate change, land degradation, biodiversity loss, water resource management, and ecosystem health, detailed accurate spatial soil information is urgently needed. This drives the worldwide development of digital soil mapping. In recent years, significant progresses have been made in different aspects of digital soil mapping. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a review for the major progresses of digital soil mapping in the last decade. First, we briefly described the rise of digital soil mapping and outlined important milestones and their influence, and main paradigms in digital soil mapping. Then, we reviewed the progresses in legacy soil data, environmental covariates, soil sampling, predictive models and the applications of digital soil mapping products. Finally, we summarized the main trends and future prospect as revealed by studies up to now. We concluded that although the digital soil mapping is now moving towards mature to meet various demands of soil information, challenges including new theories, methodologies and applications of digital soil mapping, especially for highly heterogeneous and human-affected environments, still exist and need to be addressed in the future.