mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotubes/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites for all-solid-state supercapacitors

All-solid-state supercapacitors with high power density and working stability are high-efficiency energy storage devices for smart electronic equipment. Developing electrode materials with fast ions and electrons transport is critical to improving the energy storage capability. Here, we report carbon nanotubes/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites with large specific surface area, porous structure and high electrical conductivity toward high-performance supercapacitors. The large surface area with porosity provides reservoir for ion accommodation during charge-discharge processes, and the high conductivity facilitates electrons and ions transport. Furthermore, nitrogen sites in electrodes contribute significant pseudocapacitance for supercapacitors. The nanocomposites based device gives a high specific capacity of 148 F g~(–1) at current density of 1 A g~(–1) with good rate capability from 1 to 10 A g~(–1). Additionally, the device displays excellent working stability with capacitance retention of 93% even after 10000 cycles at 1 A g~(–1) under 0.8 V in air. This study sheds light on design of nanocomposites with highly efficient charge transfer and will accelerate development of next-generation solid state energy devices.
Applicability of cosmic-ray neutron sensor for measuring soil moisture at the agricultural-pastoral ecotone in northwest China

Accurate monitoring of soil moisture is crucial in hydrological and ecological studies.Cosmic-ray neutron sensors(CRNS)measure area-average soil moisture at field scale,filling a spatial scale gap between in-situ observations and remote sensing measurements.However,its applicability has not been assessed in the agricultural-pastoral ecotone,a data scarce semiarid and arid region in Northwest China(APENC).In this study,we calibrated and assessed the CRNS(the standard N_0 method)estimates of soil moisture.Results show that Pearson correlation coefficient,R_P,and the root mean square error(RMSE)between the CRNS soil moisture and the gravimetric soil moisture are 0.904 and less than 0.016 m~3 m~(-3),respectively,indicating that the CRNS is able to estimate the area-average soil moisture well at our study site.Compared with the in-situ sensor network measurements(ECH_2O sensors),the CRNS is more sensitive to the changes in moisture in its footprint,which overestimates and underestimates the soil moisture under precipitation and dry conditions,respectively.The three shape parameters a_0,a_1,a_2 in the standard calibration equation(N_0 method)are not well suited to the study area.The calibrated parameters improved the accuracy of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Due to the lack of low gravimetric soil moisture data,performance of the calibrated N_0 function is still poor in the extremely dry conditions.Moreover,aboveground biomass including vegetation biomass,canopy interception and widely developed biological soil crusts adds to the uncertainty of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Such biomass impacts need to be taken into consideration to further improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation by the CRNS in the data scarce areas such as agricultural-pastoral ecotone in Northwest China.
Zircon U-Pb geochronology of tuffite beds in the Baishugou Formation:Constraints on the revision of Ectasian System at the southern margin of the North China Craton

The Xiamaling Formation of 1.4-1.35 Ga in Jixian Section and adjoining areas represents a unique Ectasian Period(Mesoproterozoic)sedimentary sequence in the North China Craton(NCC).Studies carried out during the last decade have contributed significantly in improving our understanding about the Ectasian sedimentation tectonics in the NCC during this transitional interval between the breakup of Supercontinent Columbia and the assembly of Rodinia.The present study reports,for the first time,tuffite beds interlayered with carbonaceous-siliceous slate-phyllite in the upper Baishugou Formation(western Henan Province),at the southern margin of NCC.The LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology of zircons from two tuffite samples has yielded almost identical ages of 1330±10 Ma(MSWD=0.43,N=38)and 1332±10 Ma(MSWD=0.90,N=24),that constrain a 1.33 Ga depositional age(Ectasian Period)for the Baishugou Formation.A close similarity in lithological characteristics and their respective superimposed lithostratigraphic relationships of the Baishugou and Xiamaling formations,underline a comparable depositional environment for them.The high-precision geochronology data on the Baishugou Formation would stimulate a relook into the Meso-Neoproterozoic chronostratigraphic framework of the NCC,and further research would lead to a comprehensive understanding of the geological evolution of the NCC during Ectasian Period and its correlation with analogous global events.
Isotopic fingerprinting of dissolved iron sources in the deep western Pacific since the late Miocene

Iron(Fe)is a productivity-limiting nutrient in the ocean.However,the sources of dissolved Fe(dFe)in the deep ocean and how they respond to tectonic and climate changes are still poorly understood.In the northern hemisphere,dust flux to the low-latitude western Pacific has increased dramatically since the late Miocene associated with intense aridification of the Asian inland.Meanwhile,the terrigenous material supply to the open ocean might have also changed as a result of the reorganization of the Pacific circulation due to the gradual closure of seaways in the low latitudes.Therefore,the western Pacific is a characteristic region for understanding the sources of dFe in the deep ocean and their responses to long term climate changes.Here,we present data on isotopic evolution of dFe and dissolved Pb since ~8 Ma based on ferromanganese crust METG-03(16.0°N,152.0°E,3850 m water depth)in the western Pacific deep water.Our results show that δ~(56)Fe of the crust remains fairly stable since the late Miocene,i.e.,about –0.32±0.08‰(2SD).We infer that δ~(56)Fe of dFe in the deep western Pacific is relatively invariant at ~0.45 ±0.1‰ based on the Fe isotopic fractionation between hydrogenetic crust and the seawater dissolved component.The reconstructed isotope signature is similar to the measured δ~(56)Fe value(0.37±0.15‰)of the intermediate to deep waters in the modern low-latitude western Pacific region close to the island arcs,but is significantly higher than that of the eastern Pacific deep waters near South America which is controlled by the reductive dissolution of continental shelf sediments and the hydrothermal inputs(δ~(56)Fe<–0.1‰).The deep-water ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb ratio recorded by METG-03 displays systematic increase at about 8-4 Ma,reflecting increased input from sediment dissolution of low-latitude island arcs associated with reorganization of the western Pacific deep circulation.Notably,Fe isotopes of terrigenous materials from different sources are similar,while their dissolved Fe isotopic signatures released to the ocean are mainly controlled by the mechanism of particle dissolution.The stability of δ56Fe and systematic changes in Pb isotopes over the last ~8 Ma thus suggest that Asian dust dissolution and hydrothermal inputs are likely only minor sources of dFe in the low-latitude deep western Pacific,while the acquisition and transport of dFe from shelf sediments by organic ligand binding in the oxic environment is the major dFe source which keeps stable on tectonic time scales since the late Miocene.
Color-tunable ultralong organic phosphorescence materials for visual UV-light detection

Ultralong organic phosphorescence(UOP)materials have roused considerable attention in the field of photonics and optoelectronics owing to the feature of long-lived emission lifetimes.However,to develop UOP materials with color-tunability is still a formidable challenge.Here,we report a class of UOP materials containing carbonyl,amino or amide groups,exhibiting colortunable persistent luminescence ranging from blue(458 nm)to yellow-green(508 nm)under different UV wavelength excitation.Taken theoretical and experimental results together,we conclude that the excitation dependent color-tunable UOP emission is ascribed to multiple emission centers from single molecular and aggregated states in crystal.Given color-tunable UOP feature,these materials are used to successfully realize visual UV-light detection.This finding not only provides a strategy to design new organic phosphorescent molecules with colorful emission,but also extends the scope of the applications of purely organic phosphorescent materials.
Promoting selective electroreduction of nitrates to ammonia over electron-deficient Co modulated by rectifying Schottky contacts

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for selective nitrate contamination reduction into value-added ammonia is significant.Here,heterostructured Co/CoO nanosheet arrays(Co/CoO NSAs)exhibited excellent Faradaic efficiency(93.8%)and selectivity(91.2%)for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia,greatly outperforming Co NSAs.~(15)N isotope labeling experiments and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)quantitative testing methods confirmed the origin of the produced ammonia.Electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)data and density functional theory(DFT)results revealed that the superior performances arose from the electron deficiency of Co induced by the rectifying Schottky contact in the Co/CoO heterostructures.The electron transfer from Co to CoO at the interface could not only suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction,but also increase energy barriers for by-products,thus leading to high Faradaic efficiency and selectivity of ammonia.
洋中脊或海岭俯冲与岩浆作用及金属成矿

扩张洋中脊、无震海岭或大洋高原和残余弧脊是现代海洋的重要组成部分,其面积超过当今世界海洋总面积的20~30%.它们均可以发生俯冲,可称为脊或海岭俯冲,这是现代大洋板块动力学系统中十分普遍且非常重要的一种地质过程,并可能与岛弧岩浆作用的产生及物质循环、大陆地壳生长与演化、上覆板块变形以及金属成矿相关,受到广泛关注.现代典型扩张洋中脊在正向或高角度俯冲时,会形成板片窗,并形成特殊的埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武岩-洋岛玄武岩型或洋中脊玄武岩型玄武岩组合,且与金成矿关系密切.无震海岭或大洋高原由于其厚的地壳(大于正常洋壳厚度6~7km)、高的地形,传统上被认为很难发生俯冲或只能发生碰撞或平坦(低角度<10°)俯冲.但是,新生代太平洋东西两岸的无震海岭或大洋高原发生了俯冲,其中太平洋东岸无震海岭或大洋高原俯冲一般为平坦或相对小角度俯冲,这时往往会形成岩浆间歇期,但是在板片回卷或板片撕裂过程,板片会发生熔融,并形成一些埃达克岩或埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-埃达克质安山岩-富Nb玄武岩组合,伴随俯冲作用的进行,也会形成一些重要的铜金矿床;在太平洋西岸,无震海岭或大洋高原大多发生了较高角度(>30°)的俯冲,且形成了较大规模的玄武岩-玄武安山岩-安山岩组合,其与俯冲流体交代地幔楔熔融产生的岩浆经过分离结晶有关.日本西南部有残余弧脊发生了俯冲,产生了玄武岩、高镁安山岩和埃达克岩,同时有金矿伴生.除了岩浆作用和铜金成矿之外,脊或海岭的俯冲也可能会导致俯冲带俯冲侵蚀作用发生.需要进一步关注的前沿领域包括脊或海岭俯冲的形式及其动力学机制与物质循环过程、岩浆和金属作用产生的深部机制及影响因素、前新生代的脊或海岭俯冲作用的识别以及板块构造启动时间与太古代大陆地壳生长机制等.
青藏高原东南缘地壳上地幔三维S波速度结构及动力学意义

青藏高原东南缘地形地貌复杂,构造运动强烈,是研究青藏高原地下变形和物质运移的重点区域.文章通过该区域132个固定台站的10年地震瑞利面波的双台法频散分析,并融合背景噪声方法的面波频散数据,获得了周期为5~150s的瑞利面波相速度频散资料,然后使用面波直接反演方法得到了该区域从地壳到上地幔顶部的三维S波速度结构模型.观测到该区域中下地壳存在两条低速带,分别分布在松潘-甘孜块体与川滇菱形块体西北部地区,以及小江断裂带及其东侧的云贵高原地区.小江断裂带及东侧的低速体很可能是其地壳本身增厚导致了壳内长英质物质发生塑性变形甚至部分熔融而造成的.此外,该区域中下地壳呈现显著的正径向各向异性(V_(SH)>V_(SV))也增强了V_(SV)结构的低速异常幅度.小江断裂带的壳内低速异常体向南跨过红河断裂带延伸到越南北部,其形成可能与上地幔热源密切相关.两条壳内低速带在安宁河-则木河断裂带附近被一个高速体所隔开,其正好位于峨眉山大火成岩省的内带和中带区域.在云南中部峨眉山大火成岩省内带地壳中观测到了一个非常明显的柱状高速体,可能是峨眉山大火成岩省形成时残留在地壳中的基性-超基性物质.在上地幔顶部,红河断裂以南的印支和华南块体中出现了大范围的低速异常,并随着深度增加逐渐沿着小江断裂带向北延伸进入扬子克拉通.基于成像结果,认为青藏高原东南缘正同时经历三种不同模式的构造运动:(1)上地壳物质强度较大,在大型走滑断层的控制下呈刚性挤出;(2)中下地壳存在被较高强度物质分隔开的两片黏塑性物质区域,在区域应力场和断裂带的控制下向南发生塑性运移;(3)红河断裂以南的上地幔主要受控于大规模的软流圈物质上涌,与岩石圈拆沉和缅甸下方印度板块的东向俯冲与后撤密切相关.
模型与观测的和弦:地球系统科学中的数据同化

模型与观测是地球系统科学中两种基本的研究手段,它们协同演进、相映成辉;但同时,两者都未臻完美,也因为方法论的差异,表现出相互不协调的一面.数据同化的出现,使得模型与观测协力前行,演奏出一曲和谐的地球系统科学方法论,也因此在地球系统科学中展现出鲜活的生命力和应用价值.文章介绍了数据同化在地球系统科学主要分支领域的应用,追溯了数据同化与理性主义和经验主义方法论的协同演进,分析了它与估计理论和控制论的渊源,回顾了国内数据同化近期研究进展,展望了走向统一的地球系统数据同化所面临的挑战.数据同化理论与方法将不断进化,对增强地球系统的理解和预测提供越来越成熟的方法论.
护理临床路径在低温等离子射频消融术治疗儿童扁桃体和腺样体肥大中的应用

儿童扁桃体肥大是儿童常见的疾病,且多伴有腺样体增生肥大,其发病率最高可达到29.2%。如果儿童出现扁桃体和腺样体肥大的情况,就会引发一系列疾病,如儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、慢性鼻窦炎、分泌性中耳炎等疾病。情况严重的甚至会造成儿童颌面部发育障碍,影响儿童的正常生长发育和智力发育。近年来,低温等离子射频消融技术在儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术中的应用日趋广泛。在开展此类手术时,由于涉及较多的设备与器械,护士往往不能熟练配合医生,从而影响手术效率并可能增加手术风险。因此,本研究通过分析配合要点并制定标准护理临床路径,进行针对性的培训,以增强护士综合应对能力,并提高手术的安全性及效率。
Fatigue limit assessment of a 6061 aluminum alloy based on infrared thermography and steady ratcheting effect

To quickly predict the fatigue limit of 6061 aluminum alloy, two assessment methods based on the temperature evolution and the steady ratcheting strain difference under cyclic loading, respectively, were proposed. The temperature evolutions during static and cyclic loadings were both measured by infrared thermography. Fatigue tests show that the temperature evolution was closely related to the cyclic loading, and the cyclic loading range can be divided into three sections according to the regular of temperature evolution in different section. The mechanism of temperature evolution under different cyclic loadings was also analyzed due to the thermoelastic, viscous, and thermoplastic effects. Additionally, ratcheting strain under cyclic loading was also measured, and the results show that the evolution of the ratcheting strain under cyclic loading above the fatigue limit undergone three stages: the first increasing stage, the second steady state, and the final abrupt increase stage. The fatigue limit of the 6061 aluminum alloy was quickly estimated based on transition point of linear fitting of temperature increase and the steady value of ratcheting strain difference. Besides, it is feasible and quick of the two methods by the proof of the traditional S–N curve.
Early-age strength property improvement and stability analysis of unclassified tailing paste backfill materials

High-density tailings, small cementitious materials, and additives are used for backfill materials with poor early compressive strength (ECS), which may greatly affect the mining and backfill cycle, to prepare paste backfill materials (PBMs) with a high ECS. The effects and mechanisms of different early strength agents on the property of PBM are investigated. The action mechanism of additives on the properties of PBM is also analyzed through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results show that the effects of single-component additives 1, 3, and 6 are better than those of the other additives, and their optimal dosages are 3wt%, 1wt%, and 3wt%, respectively. The optimum multicomponent combinations are 1wt% of additive 1 and 1.5wt% of additive 6. The ECS of the paste with additive 10 increases to a greater extent than that of the other pastes because of the synergistic action of additive 1 with additive 6. The hydration product of Ca(OH)_2 is consumed, and more C –S –H gels are generated with the addition of additives to paste. Tailings particles, ettringite crystals, and gels intertwined with one another form a dense net-like structure that fills the pores. This structure can significantly improve the ECS of PBM.
Rules essential for water molecular undercoordination

A sequential of concepts developed in the last decade has enabled a resolution to multiple anomalies of water ice and its low-dimensionality, particularly. Developed concepts include the coupled hydrogen bond (O:H-O) oscillator pair, segmental specific heat, three-body coupling potentials, quasisolidity, and supersolidity. Resolved anomalies include ice buoyancy, ice slipperiness, water skin toughness, supercooling and superheating at the nanoscale, etc. Evidence shows consistently that molecular undercoordination shortens the H-O bond and stiffens its phonon while undercoordination does the O:H nonbond contrastingly associated with strong lone pair “:”polarization, which endows the low-dimensional water ice with supersolidity. The supersolid phase is hydrophobic, less dense, viscoelastic, thermally more diffusive, and stable, having longer electron and phonon lifetime. The equal number of lone pairs and protons reserves the configuration and orientation of the coupled O:H-O bonds and restricts molecular rotation and proton hopping, which entitles water the simplest, ordered, tetrahedrally-coordinated, fluctuating molecular crystal covered with a supersolid skin. The O:H-O segmental cooperativity and specific-heat disparity form the soul dictate the extraordinary adaptivity, reactivity, recoverability, and sensitivity of water ice when subjecting to physical perturbation. It is recommended that the premise of "hydrogen bonding and electronic dynamics" would deepen the insight into the core physics and chemistry of water ice.
Methods for simultaneously evaluating reserve and permeability of undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs using production data during the dewatering stage

In this work, a flowing material balance equation(FMBE)is established for undersaturated coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs, which considers immobile free gas expansion effect at the dewatering stage.Based on the established FMBE, five straight-line methods are proposed to determine the control area, initial water reserve, initial free gas reserve, initial adsorbed gas reserve, original gas in place, as well as permeability at the same time.Subsequently, the proposed FMBE methods for undersaturated CBM reservoirs are validated against a reservoir simulation software with and without considering free gas expansion.Finally, the proposed methods are applied in a field case when considering free gas expansion effect.Validation cases show that the straight-line relationships for the proposed five FMBE methods are excellent, and good agreements are obtained among the actual reserves and permeabilities and those evaluated by the proposed five FMBE methods, indicating the proposed five FMBE methods are effective and rational for CBM reservoirs.Results show that a small amount of free gas will result in a great deviation in reserve evaluation;hence, the immobile free gas expansion effect should be considered when establishing the material balance equation of undersaturated CBM reservoirs at the dewatering stage.
A practical prescreening method for sloshing severity evaluation

This paper aims at finding a proper way to estimate sloshing severity.First, the concept of sloshing severity RAO(SSR)is introduced, and the wave elevation on the liquid free surface is chosen as an initial index for the rough prediction of sloshing severity.Then, compared with experimental data from a 3D regular model test, this index is adjusted and a new index is generated.One step further, sloshing severity under irregular sea states can be achieved by nonlinear combinations of the new index.For validation, the same model tank is tested under a set of irregular sea conditions, and peak pressures and impulse areas are taken as comparison standards.It is found that both numerical and experimental results show a similar tendency of sloshing severity.As a real ship application on the new index, the sloshing severity of a liquefied natural gas floating production storage and offloading(LNG-FPSO)is predicted under a low filling condition.Besides, the ship motion responses with and without sloshing effects are considered for the calculation of severity.From the present observation, this proposed methodology and generated new index is expected to be applicable to the selection of severe sea states for sloshing loads analysis.
Characteristics of high-rank coal structure parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane via NMR and X-ray CT

Pores and fractures and their connectivity play a significant role in coalbed methane production.To investigate the growth characteristics and connectivity of pores and fractures in coal parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, the pores and fractures of high-rank coal samples collected from the southern Qinshui Basin were measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray-computed tomography and field emission scanning electron microscopy.Then, the determinants of their connectivity were further discussed.The results show that the high-rank coal samples have similar pore size distributions both parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane.They primarily contain mesopores(2-50 nm in width), followed by macrospores(>50 nm in width).The research indicated that the high-rank coal connectivity parallel to the bedding plane is significantly better than that perpendicular to the bedding plane.The connectivity of high-rank coal is mainly determined by throats, and the orientation of the pores and fractures.The two connectivity modes in high-rank coal are “pore connectivity," in which the throats are mainly pores with a low coordination number, and “microfissure connectivity", in which the throats are mainly microfissures with a high coordination number.
Stability of the formation interface under the impact of hydraulic fracture propagation in the vicinity of the formation interface

Unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in layered formations, such as tight sandstones and shales, are continually being developed.Hydraulic fracturing is a critical technology for the high-efficiency development of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Understanding the stress field and stability of the formation interface is vital to understanding stress propagation, preferably before the growing hydraulic fracture contacts the formation interface.In this study, models are developed for computing the stress field of hydraulic fracture propagation near the formation interface, and the stress fields within and at the two sides of the formation interface are analyzed.Four failure modes of the interface under the impact of hydraulic fracture propagation in its vicinity are identified, and the corresponding failure criteria are proposed.By simulating the magnitude and direction of peak stress at different parameters, the failure mode and stability of the formation interface are analyzed.Results reveal that when the interface strength is weak, the formation interface fails before the growing hydraulic fracture contacts it, and its stability is significantly related to a variety of factors, including the type of formation interface, rock mechanical properties, far-field stress, structural parameters, distance between the hydraulic fracture and formation interface, and fracturing execution parameters.
子宫内膜癌激素治疗新进展

激素治疗是子宫内膜癌治疗体系中的重要组成部分,既可应用于晚期或复发病例的姑息治疗,又可应用于因放疗或手术而绝经女性的激素替代治疗,还可应用于早期年轻患者的保留生育功能治疗。由于激素治疗具有相对严格的适应证,而且治疗作用相对局限,因此,它并未引起临床医生的足够重视。本文重点围绕近年来子宫内膜癌激素治疗的新进展进行综述。
Optimal Feedback Control of Nonlinear Variable-Speed Marine Current Turbine Using a Two-Mass Model

This paper presents a contribution related to the control of nonlinear variable-speed marine current turbine(MCT)without pitch operating below the rated marine current speed.Given that the operation of the MCT can be divided into several operating zones on the basis of the marine current speed, the system control objectives are different for each zone.To deal with this issue, we develop a new control approach based on a linear quadratic regulator with variable generator torque.Our proposed approach enables the optimization of the rotational speed of the turbine, which maximizes the power extracted by the MCT and minimizes the transient loads on the drivetrain.The novelty of our study is the use of a real profile of marine current speed from the northern coasts of Morocco.The simulation results obtained using MATLAB Simulink indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach on the electrical and mechanical parameters with the variations of marine current speed.
中国基因性全面性癫痫临床诊治实践指南

癫痫是常见的神经系统慢性疾病之一,其中特发性全面性癫痫(idiopathic generalized epilepsy,IGE)约占1/4,这些患者智力基本正常,无结构性和代谢性损害,脑电图显示全面性癫痫样放电且背景活动正常,多数对药物治疗反应良好,部分呈自限性病程。根据发病年龄、癫痫发作形式、脑电图表现及预后,国际抗癫痫联盟(International League Against Epilepsy, ILAE)正式承认的经典IGE综合征包含儿童失神癫痫(child absence epilepsy,CAE)、青少年失神癫痫(juvenile absence epilepsy, JAE)、青少年肌阵挛癫痫(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, JME)和仅有全面性强直-阵挛发作的癫痫共4种。临床以失神发作、肌阵挛发作和全面性强直-阵挛发作(generalized tonic-clonic seizures,GTCs)等全面性癫痫发作为主要表现,可单独或以各种组合出现。
内质网应激:特发性肺纤维化的潜在治疗方向

特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)是最常见的特发性间质性肺炎,是一种慢性、进行性、不可逆性和致死性肺部疾病,多发于中老年男性,中位发病年龄为65岁。其病理学主要表现为胸膜下和基底部的纤维化与蜂窝样改变,以及肺纤维化灶周围的胶原和细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉积,最终导致肺组织结构改变,肺通气和弥散功能丧失而危及生命。虽然IPF发病率极低,在欧洲和北美洲每10万人中仅有2.8~18例IPF患者,在亚洲和南美洲每10万人中仅有0.5~4.2例IPF患者,但随着人口老龄化程度日益加深,流行病学调查显示IPF发病率正在逐年升高。 IPF的发病机制至今仍未完全明确,历史上曾一度认为IPF是慢性炎性疾病,但随着抗炎治疗宣告失败,专家们才开始重新评估其发病机制。近年来,IPF的发病机制正逐步被揭示,但是仍缺乏有效的治疗手段,诊断后的中位生存期仅为2~4年。