mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Study on the measurement of temperature field using laser holographic interferometry

The temperature field of an axisymmetric ethylene diffusion flame is measured using laser holographic interferometry.Temperature field inversion is completed with the aid of components distribution divided from numerical simulation of combustion and air components assumption.Error analysis of key steps is conducted using the theoretical formula of interference temperature measurement and characteristic structure of fringes obtained from optical simulation.Based on the calculation and analysis,air components assumption will not cause significant error in the low temperature region but will result in high error in the high temperature region.Moreover,the small error in environmental temperature measurement transfer to a high temperature range will expand more than tenfold.Results of temperature measurement using air components assumption relative to combustion simulation require the greatest amendment amounting to seven percent.
A new performance evaluation method and its application in fin-tube surface design of small diameter tube

In this paper,a simple yet efficient performance comparison method is proposed based on the assumptions of constant properties and identical frontal area.For this method,no correlations are required,and a small number of discrete data are sufficient.To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach,a new slotted fin with 4 mm tubes is designed to replace the original louvered fin with tubes of 7 mm.The orthogonal design method is adopted in the fin design to reduce the number of computational cases significantly,and yet a nearly optimum combination of major geometric factors can still be obtained.The reasonable parametric combination of 3 global parameters is obtained by analyzing the numerical results of 16 plain plate fins.Based on this result,3 new slotted fins with different fin pitches are studied.The slotted fin with a fin pitch of 1.4mm is recommended after considering the heat transfer,comprehensive performance,and cost of material and operation.The result shows that compared with the original louvered fin,the recommended fin not only increases the heat transfer rate by 2.2%,22.5%,and 13.7% under an identical flow rate,identical pressure drop,and identical pumping power constraint,respectively,but also saves approximately 36% of the copper tube materials.
Experimental study of the effects of structured surface geometry on water spray cooling performance in non-boiling regime

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of enhanced surfaces on heat transfer performance during water spray cooling in non-boiling regime.The surface enhancement is straight fin.The structures were machined on the top surface of heated copper blocks with a cross-sectional area of 10mmx10mm.The spray was performed using Unijet full cone nozzles with a volumetric flux of 0.044-0.053 m3/(m2 s)and a nozzle height of 17mm.It is found that the heat transfer is obviously enhanced for straight fin surfaces relative to the flat surface.However,the increment decreases as the fin height increases.For flat surface and enhanced surfaces with a fin height of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm,as the coolant flux increases,the heat flux increases as well.However,for finned surface with a height of 0.4 mm,the heat flux is not sensitive to the coolant volumetric flux.Changed film thickness and the form of water/surface interaction due to an enhanced surface structure (different fin height)are the main reasons for changing of the local heat transfer coefficient.
Multispecies communities:interspecies interactions influence growth on saliva as sole nutritional source

Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque.This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient.Community formation in biofilms in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin G,and images are captured by confocal microscopy.Early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review of interspecies interactions in saliva as a critical genus that guides the development of multispecies communities.Highly selective interspecies recognition is evident as initial colonizers pair with early and middle colonizers to form multispecies communities that grow on saliva.
Nitrifying population dynamics in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR)for treating ammonium-rich wastewater

Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying population dynamics were investigated in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR)under oxygen limited condition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater.When the NH4+-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37.2 ± 3.2 gNH4+-N m-2 d-1,the nitrogen removal in the RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN d-' to 128.9±61.7mgN·d-1.Shortcut nitrogen removal was achieved with nitrite accumulation of about 22.3 5.3 mgNO2-N·L-1.Confocal micrographs showed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms (MABs)at day 120,i.e.,ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB)were dominant in the region adjacent to the membrane,while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at the top of the biofilm.Real-time qPCR results showed that the abundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs.However,the nxrA gene was always detected during the operation time,which indicates the difficulty of complete washout of NOB in MABs.The growth of heterotrophic bacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers in biofilm communities,but it enhanced the denitrification performance of the RSMBR system.Applying a high ammonia loading together with oxygen limitation was found to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation in MABs,but other approaches were needed to sustain or improve the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion in MABs.
足月儿缺氧缺血性脑病循证治疗指南(2011-标准版)

随着对“以当前最佳的研究证据、医生技能和经验、患者意愿和价值观”为要素的循证医学[1～3]在中国儿科医生中的普及和深入,也随着对临床研究医学伦理学认识的逐步深化,以负责和明智的态度,评价当前的足月儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)治疗方法的疗效和安全性(尤其是对于发育中的脑损伤),既是对中国过分积极的足月儿HIE特殊神经保护治疗的反思,也是对未来更科学的足月儿HIE治疗方法的探索。[取自正文]
Effect of propofol on the reactivity of acetylcholinesterase,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the hippocampus of aged rats after chronic cerebral ischemia

We induced ischemic brain injury in aging rats to examine the effects of varying doses of propofol on hippocampal activities of acetylcholinesterase,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,andγ-aminobutyric acid receptors.Propofol exhibited no obvious impact on acetylcholinesterase activity,but directly activated theγ-aminobutyric acid receptor.The neuroprotective function of propofol on the hippocampus of aging rats following cerebral ischemic injury may be related to altered activities ofγ-aminobutyric acid receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
Surveys of harvest technology of winter bamboo shoots

Winter bamboo shoots are widely used in Asian cuisine.We surveyed growth depth(tail depth and root depth),harvest speed,and harvest processes to provide information for developing new harvest technology.The tail depth of most winter bamboo shoots was 100-350 mm below the soil surface,and the root depth was 200-500 mm below the soil surface.Most winter bamboo shoots were difficult to locate with only the naked eye.The digging depth was 200-500 mm to cut winter bamboo shoots from the root.The highest harvest rate was 7.75 times faster than the slowest one and the average harvest speed ratio of men:women was about 1.71:1.The harvest process of winter bamboo shoots was divisible into three steps:searching,digging a hole(around the shoot)and cutting the root.The ratio of searching time to the sum of digging and cutting time was about 8:1,showing that searching required more time than digging and cutting together.
Assessment of genetic diversity in Dalbergia sissoo clones through RAPD profiling

We studied the genetic polymorphism among 29 clones of shisham(Dalbergia sissoo Roxb)belonging to different geographic regions using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)markers.Out of 30 primers used,only 20 primers generated polymorphism in amplified product.In total 232 bands were amplified with 20 primers,of which 192(82%)were polymorphic with an average of 9.6 bands/primer.The resolving power(Rp)ranged from 2.14(Primer 5)to 11.93(Primer 4).Primer 4 and Primer 3 possessed high Rp value.Polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.15(Primer 5)to 0.37(Primer 4).Primer 4 amplified total 18 bands in 29 genotypes with PIC value of 0.37 hence;this set of primer was most informative.The similarity coefficient analysis revealed two clusters.The first cluster comprised of only 10 clones and the second major cluster comprised of 19 clones.The genetic similarity among 29 clones ranged from 25.86%(clone 10 and 235)to 100%(clone 19 and 59),suggesting a wide genetic base in shisham clones.
Performance and variability patterns in wood properties and growth traits in the parents,F1 and F2 generation hybrid clones of Populus deltoides

The performance and variability patterns in the wood element’s dimensions,specific gravity and growth parameters namely ramet height and GBH were evaluated in 16 clones of parents,F1 and F2 hybrids of Populus deltoides Bartr.ex Marsh.Ramet radial variations were non-significant,while inter-clonal variations due to interaction of clone/replication were significant for all the wood traits except vessel element length.Inter-clonal variations were significant only for fiber length and fiber wall thickness.Fiber length and specific gravity were significantly higher in female,while wall thickness and vessel element length were higher in male clones.Female parents(G48 and S7C8)showed higher fiber length and specific gravity than of the male parent (G3),while vessel diameter and wall thickness were higher in male parent(G3).There is not much difference in fiber length and vessel element’s dimensions among the parents,F1 and F2 generation hybrid clones.Specific gravity did not showed any trend for parents,F1 and F2 generations.Generally female clones showed higher growth rate.Broad sense heritability for wood traits ranged from 0.143(fiber length)to 0.505(fiber wall thickness),while for growth traits it was 0.374(GBH)and 0.418(height).Genetic gain for all the wood and growth traits was positive for most of the wood traits.The highly divergent male clone(78)and female clones(S7C8,G48,W/A 49)in number of combinations could be used for developing new hybrids of desired wood traits to develop new clones.
Cloning of vacuolar H~+-ATPase subunit c genes from Japanese iris,and functional characterization in yeast

Five different isoforms(IrlVHA-c1-c5)of V-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c)were cloned from a Japanese iris(Iris lactea Pall.var.chinensis Fisch.Koidz)cDNA library using degenerate primers PCR and the 5'-RACE technique.The sequence analysis showed the open reading frame(ORF)of the IrlVHA-c1-c5 to be 495 bp,corresponding to a protein of 164 amino acids.Among the five isoforms,IrlVHA-c1 and IrlVHA-c2 are completely homologous.The IrlVHA-c protein is localized at the vacuolar membrane as indicated by a green fluorescent protein (GFP)marker.Its over-expression in yeast could enhance yeast tolerance to NaCl stress.These results show that there are at least five genes encoding different isoforms of IrlVHA-c in Japanese iris and IrlVHA-c is important for the function of V-ATPase.
Roasting Properties of Pellets With Iron Concentrate of Complex Mineral Composition

Investigation was conducted on roasting properties of pellets with an iron concentrate of complex mineral composition.The results indicated that the pellets of complex mineral composition concentrate required higher preheating temperature and longer preheating time than that of single magnetite concentrate.Therefore,it is difficult for preheated pellets to withstand the mechanical collision in the roasting process in rotary kiln.It was found that after the iron concentrate being subjected to high pressure roll grinding,the specific surface area reached 2029.1 cm2/g.Consequently,the preheating and roasting temperature of pellets were decreased by 70 and 50 ℃ and preheating and roasting time were decreased by 2 and 4 min,respectively.Meanwhile,the compression strength of preheated and roasted pellets were increased by 200 N for a pellet and 220 N for a pellet,respectively.The mechanism lied in that the increase of specific surface area activated thermal reaction and promoted formation of inter-grain bridge.
Solidification Properties of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 Based Mold Fluxes

In continuous casting of peritectic steel grades sensitive to longitudinal cracking,the solidification properties of mold fluxes play an important role in keeping smooth running of continuous casting process and achieving high surface quality of casting strands.To reduce fluorine pollution in molten slag,types of CaO-SiO2-TiO2 (CTS)based mold fluxes were investigated.The solidification and crystallization properties,including viscosity η at 1573 K,break temperature Tbr,crystallization ratio Rc and solidification mineragraphy were measured,which were compared with those of CaO-SiO2-CaF2 based mold fluxes.The experiments show that there are unstable viscosity-high temperature properties and high Tbr in part of CTS slag system,which are bad for lubrication between liquid flux film and strand.And when temperature is below Tbr,the viscosities change slowly during cooling in some part of this slag system,which imply that liquid mold fluxes solidify slowly and it is easy to cause surface longitudinal cracks on strand.Major mineragraphy of the CaO-SiO2-TiO2 based mold fluxes are CaO · TiO2 or CaO · TiO2 and CaO · SiO2· TiO2.TiN and Ti(C,N)can be formed in mold fluxes bearing high TiO2 during the continuous casting.
Hot Deformation Behavior of P92 Steel Used for Ultra-Super-Critical Power Plants

Hot compression tests of P92 steel at temperatures in the range of 1173 to 1523 K and at strain rates in the range of 0.1 to 10 _s ~(-1) were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator,and the corresponding flow curves were measured.The results showed that the flow stress and the peak strain increase with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate.The critical Z value,below which the complete dynamic recrystallization may occur,was determined to have 4.61 X 10~(18).The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was about 437 kJ/mol.The hot deformation equation and the microstructure diagram of P92 steel were obtained.For the convenience of the practical application,the empirical equation for the peak stress can be described as σ_p = 17.171nε+ 902499/T- 524.1.
低碳农业发展路径探析

碳元素大量排放是全球气候变暖的主因。高碳农业助推气候变暖并自害,发展不可持续。低碳农业是农业的发展趋势。发展低碳农业应从以下4条路径综合推进:在能源输入时应尽量使用清洁能源,减少化石能源使用,或在使用中尽量减少碳的排放;减少农业固碳系统破坏;增加农业碳汇;对已排放的碳进行捕捉与利用。为此,提出发展低碳农业的减碳、碳固、碳汇和碳利用的综合方案。
高等农业院校竞争力及其培育战略探析

随着高等教育的大众化、国际化以及教育需求的多样化,大学之间的竞争不可避免且会日趋激烈。高等农业院校作为大学中的一个特殊群体,在整个大学竞争体系中处于弱势地位,因而培育竞争力显得更加迫切而紧要。在界定高等农业院校竞争力的基础上,对高等农业院校竞争力的培育进行了论述。
东莞市荔枝产业现状及经营模式探讨

介绍了东莞市荔枝产业的现状及存在的问题,总结了东莞市荔枝产业发展过程中的经验,并探讨了东莞市荔枝产业的经营模式,通过采用荔枝专业合作社统一管理、推广荔枝标准化生产、轻简栽培技术及发展地方特色品种等方式来提升东莞荔枝产业的竞争力。
西南桦人工林优树选择研究

从广西百色市西南桦人工林中选出高大且达到质量标准的候选树65株,采用对比木(平均木)法,以高、径、材积分别超过林分平均值15%、50%和150%为入选数量标准,选出达到入选标准的优树5株,选出接近入选标准的候补优树4株及达到入选标准但树龄小于1/2个轮伐期的候补优树3株,为西南桦良种繁育提供基础材料。
高香红茶品种英红6号的选育

英红6号属乔木型大叶类早芽红茶品种。其树姿开张,发芽密度较大,芽叶黄绿、粗壮,产量高,品比6年平均比云南大叶群体对照种增产59.8%,湛江区试点比对照种增产33.81%,差异均达极显著水平。春梢芽叶内含物丰富,适制红茶。该品种易扦插,育苗及移植成活率高,抗寒旱及主要病虫能力较强,适宜广东红茶产区推广应用。
肝移植围手术期输血研究进展

肝脏移植是终末期肝病患者唯一有效的治疗措施,早期的肝移植适应症主要为肝恶性肿瘤,现在主要是良性终末期肝病,肝硬变导致的肝功能衰竭和急性肝炎导致的爆发性肝功能衰竭的患者,及时进行肝移植是挽救生命的唯一希望。近年来,随着外科学、麻醉学、免疫学和血液学等学科的发展,肝移植的成功率有了显著提高。但是,肝移植围手术期的出血是1个棘手问题,整个围手术期离不开输血,如何对肝移植患者进行科学、合理、有效的输血支持是业内人士普遍关注的环节,我们就肝移植围手术期输血问题综述如下。[取自正文]
病毒感染相关性急性胰腺炎及胰腺功能损害

腮腺炎病毒、肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、柯萨奇病毒等多种病毒可导致胰腺炎及胰腺功能损害。发生机制可能与胰腺自身消化、炎性反应、免疫损伤及胰腺微循环障碍有关。据首都儿科研究所临床资料,2009年秋冬流行的新甲型流感病毒 (H1N1)流感可导致胰腺功能损害,占住院重症甲型H1NI流感患者的2.73%,其发生除与上述机制有关外,还可能与腺组织缺氧损伤及机体应激反应有关。
Treatment outcomes for different subgroups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Although many studies have investigated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),sample sizes in the reported studies are usually small and different in outcomes in different T and N subgroups are seldom analyzed.Herein,we evaluated the outcomes of NPC patients treated with IMRT and further explored treatment strategy to improve such outcome.We collected clinical data of 865 NPC patients treated with IMRT alone or in combination with chemotherapy,and classified all cases into the following prognostic categories according to different TNM stages:early stage group (T1-2N0-1MO),advanced local disease group (T3-4N0-1MO),advanced nodal disease group (T1-2N2-3M0),and advanced locoregional disease group (T3-4N2-3M0).The 5-year overall survival (OS),local relapse-free survival (LRFS),and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS)were 83.0%,90.4%,and 84.0%/ respectively.The early disease group had the lowest treatment failure rate,with a 5-year OS of 95.6%.The advanced local disease group and advanced nodal disease group had similar failure pattern and treatment outcomes as well as similar hazard ratios for death (4.230 and 4.625,respectively).The advanced locoregional disease group had the highest incidence of relapse and death,with a 5-year DMFS and OS of 62.3% and 62.2%,respectively,and a hazard ratio for death of 10.402.Comparing with IMRT alone,IMRT in combination with chemotherapy provided no significant benefit to locoregionally advanced NPC.Our results suggest that the decision of treatment strategy for NPC patients should consider combinations of T and N stages,and that IMRT alone for early stage NPC patients can produce satisfactory results.However,for advanced local,nodal,and locoregional disease groups,a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended.
Accuracy of the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor in healthy term neonates during postnatal circulatory adaptation

Background Echocardiography is regarded as a gold standard for measuring hemodynamic values.The ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM)is a new method for measuring hemodynamics and could provide non-invasive point of care guidance.So far,there are no published USCOM reference values for neonates,nor has USCOM's accuracy been established in this population.We aimed to determine the accuracy and clinical utility of the USCOM in healthy neonates relative to published echocardiographic data,to establish normal hemodynamic parameters that it measures,and to assess the possible role of USCOM as an alternative to echocardiography as a trend monitor.Methods Right and left heart hemodynamics of 90 normal neonates were measured during circulatory adaptation over the first three days of life using the USCOM and automated oscillotonometry.Results Heart rate showed a significant decline from days one to three,from 126 to 120 (P<0.001).Systolic,diastolic and mean arterial pressures all increased significantly from 66 to 71 mmHg,33 to 38 mmHg and 44 to 49 mmHg,respectively (P <0.001 in each case).Right ventricular cardiac index (RV-CI)showed no change with a mean of 5.07 L·min-1·m-2.Left ventricular cardiac index (LV-CI)declined from 3.43 to 3.00 L·minl·m-2 (P <0.001).RV-CI exceeded LV-CI on all three days by a mean of 61%.The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI),based on LV-CI,increased significantly over the three days from 1083 to 1403 dyne.sec.cm-5·m2 (P <0.001)Conclusions Normal neonatal hemodynamic values,as indicated by USCOM,were established.LV-CI measurement showed excellent agreement with published echocardiographic studies.RV-CI was constant and exceeded LV-CI for all three days of this study.It may be falsely high due to flow velocity measurement errors arising from the pulmonary branch arteries,and may represent a limitation of the USCOM method.The progressive rise of arterial pressure and SVRI despite a declining LV-CI may indicate functional closure of the ductus arteriosus,with the greatest change occurring within the first 24 hours.Evidence of closure of the foramen ovale was not observed.
Validation of four different risk stratification models in patients undergoing heart valve surgery in a single center in China

Background Several risk stratification models have been developed for cardiac surgery.This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four existing risk stratification models,the Fuwai System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (FuwaiSCORE),the Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk model for isolated valve surgery (the STS model),the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE)and the initial Parsonnet's score (the Parsonnet model)in predicting prolonged intensive care unit (ICU)stay in Chinese patients undergoing heart valve surgery.Methods Data were collected retrospectively from records of 1333 consecutive patients who received heart valve surgery in a single center between November 2006 and December 2007.Prolonged ICU stay was defined as not less than 124 hours.Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L)goodness of fit test.Discrimination was assessed using the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)curve area.Results The FuwaiSCORE showed good calibration and discrimination compared with other risk models.According to the H-L statistics,the value of the FuwaiSCORE was 12.82,P>0.1.The area under ROC curve of the FuwaiSCORE was 0.81 (95%C/0.78-0.84).Conclusions Our study suggests that the FuwaiSCORE is superior to the other three risk models in predicting prolonged length of ICU stay in Chinese patients with heart valve surgery.Having fewer variables,the system is much easier for bedside use than other systems.