mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Amorphous and humidity caking: A review

Caking of products is a common and undesired phenomenon in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and fertilizer industries which leads to extra cost and irregular quality. In general, caking processes could be identified as amorphous caking or humidity caking. In this review, history of studying caking, formation, methods, and prospects of these two caking processes are summarized and discussed. The relevant studies fromthe 1920s to today are mentioned briefly. According to the different properties (i.e. hygrocapacity, hygrosensitivity, mechanical properties, and diffusion behavior) of amorphous powders and crystals, the conditions and mechanisms ofamorphous and humidity caking are discussed. It is summarized that glass transition, moisture sorption, quantitative methods characterizing caking, accelerated caking tests, and simulation of caking behaviors are the main aspects that should be studied for a caking process. The methods for these five aspects are reviewed. Potential research points are proposed including caking of mixed particles, caking with phase transition or polymorph transition, non-homogenous caking, and simulation of caking.
Magnetically responsive porous materials for efficient adsorption and desorption processes

Magnetically responsive porous materials possess unique properties in adsorption processes such as magneticinduced separation and heat generation in alternating magnetic fields, which greatly facilitates recycling procedures, favors long-term operation, and improves desorption rate, making conventional adsorption processes highly efficient. With increasing interest in magnetic adsorbents, great progress has been made in designing and understanding of magnetically responsive porous materials varying from monoliths to nanoscale particles used for adsorption including oil uptake, removal of hazardous substances from water, deep desulfurization of fuels, and CO_2 capture in the past few years. Therefore, a review summarizing the advanced strategies of synthesizing these magnetically responsive adsorbents and the utilization of their magnetismin practical applications is highly desired. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of this emerging field, highlighting the strategies of exquisitely incorporating magnetismto porous materials and subtly exploiting their magnetic responsiveness. Further innovations for fabricating or utilizing magnetic adsorbents are expected to be fueled. The potential opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
喉罩间断自主呼吸行McKeown食管癌根治术麻醉管理一例

相对于常规双腔管气管插管胸腹腔镜联合McKeown三切口食管癌根治术,非气管插管麻醉时麻醉用药少,使用喉罩能够避免气管插管所致气道损伤,减少机械通气带来的呼吸道并发症,减少肌松药不良反应,同时能够提供更为稳定的血流动力学和良好的术后镇痛,避免术后带气管导管回病房及镇静镇痛药物使用,减少炎性因子等指标,患者可早期活动及下床,有助于术后快速康复[12]。然而,不足之处在于诱导后神经阻滞部分可实施患者颈部左侧颈浅丛阻滞,从而将镇痛区域覆盖整个手术区域,做到与非插管胸科手术类似的优化镇痛管理[13]。通过该本例的尝试,间断保留自主呼吸喉罩下行胸腹腔镜联合三切口食管癌根治术临床可行,从而扩大了非气管插管胸科手术麻醉所涉及的治疗范围。
超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞的临床应用进展

竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)是一种新的筋膜间平面阻滞方法,2016年Forero等[1]首次发表ESPB在胸部神经性疼痛中的镇痛应用,描述ESPB作为一种简单有效又安全的技术,可以用于胸部慢性神经性疼痛以及胸部急性术后或创伤后疼痛的止痛。此后,ESPB受到广泛关注,被逐步应用在胸部、腹部、髋关节、妇科和脊柱手术及其术后镇痛等方面。
超声误诊甲状腺癌背部转移1例

讨论甲状腺乳头状癌恶性程度相对较低,以颈部淋巴结转移最为常见,远处转移概率较低,较常见的转移部位为骨、肺、脑等,转移至背部肌肉者罕见,声像图表现以低或极低回声为主,并可有囊性变或钙化。本例超声误诊为神经源性肿瘤的原因:①肿物位置较特殊,位于胸背部正中偏左侧,为脊神经走行部位,结合声像图中类似"鼠尾征"表现,易考虑为神经源性肿瘤;②医师对"鼠尾征"认识不足,误将横纹肌纤维认为神经纤维,且检查时未详细询问甲状腺癌切除病史;③肿物未出现液化坏死或钙化等典型的甲状腺乳头状癌转移征象。本例提示,对于背部肌层肿物需仔细、全面扫查,辨认其与周边组织的关系,并详细询问病史。背部肌层肿物需与横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤等鉴别,诊断困难时可行超声引导下穿刺组织学或细胞学检查,以明确诊断。
可视化超声技术在肌肉骨骼系统疾病中的应用

超声定位及超声引导穿刺已成为临床医师的"第3只眼",在手法治疗、康复仪器治疗、注射治疗及运动康复等方面具有不可替代的作用。可视化是利用计算机图形学和图像处理技术,将数据转换为图形或图像在屏幕上显示,再行交互处理的理论、方法和技术。超声医学包括超声诊断与超声治疗。人体组织对超声波的作用可使超声波的某些特性发生改变。超声诊断将超声波作为信息载体,通过检测超声波某些相关特性的改变,并将其以图像的形式显示出来,从而为临床提供相关诊断信息,亦称可视化超声(visual ultrasound imaging, VUI)。狭义的超声治疗指利用超声波对人体病变部位的机械能作用以治疗疾病和促进康复;广义的超声治疗的概念还包括利用超声可视化工具完成穿刺、抽吸、分离、注射等操作及治疗后评估。
Warthin瘤样甲状腺乳头状癌2例并文献复习

目的探讨Warthin瘤样甲状腺乳头状癌(Warthinlike variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma,WVPTC)的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析2例WVPTC的临床病理学特征、免疫表型,对患者进行随访,并复习相关文献。结果2例均为老年女性,年龄分别为55岁和71岁。临床以颈部肿块就诊。大体均为边界不清质硬结节,切面呈灰白色或灰黄色。镜下肿瘤处于乔本甲状腺炎的背景中,瘤细胞呈乳头状排列,胞质丰富嗜酸性,具有经典型甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的毛玻璃样核等特征。肿瘤间质被大量淋巴细胞、少量浆细胞及少许朗格汉斯细胞浸润,局部可见次级淋巴滤泡。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞CK19、Galectin-3、BRAF-V600E弥漫强(+), CD21淋巴滤泡树突细胞网(+),间质内淋巴组织CD20、 CD3均(+) 。结论WVPTC是一种罕见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤,独特形态学构象有助于诊断和鉴别诊断,预后相对较好,手术方式和术后处理与经典型PTC相似。
Intragenic antagonistic roles of protein and circRNA in tumorigenesis

circRNAs arise from back splicing events during mRNA processing, and when deregulated can play an active role in cancer. Here we characterize a new circRNA (circPOK) encoded by the Zbtb7a gene (also kown as POKEMON, LRF) in the context of mesenchymal tumor progression. circPOK functions as a non-coding proto-oncogenic RNA independently and antithetically to its linear transcript counterpart, which acts as a tumor suppressor by encoding the Pokemon transcription factor. We find that circPOK regulates proproliferative and pro-angiogenic factors by co-activation of the ILF2/3 complex. Importantly, the expression of Pokemon protein and circRNA is aberrantly uncoupled in cancer through differential post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, we identify a novel type of genetic unit, the iRegulon, that yields biochemically distinct RNA products, circular and linear, with diverse and antithetical functions. Our findings further expand the cellular repertoire towards the control of normal biological outputs, while aberrant expression of such components may underlie disease pathogenesis including cancer.
人体微生态在特应性皮炎发病及治疗中的作用

特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)是一种慢性复发性瘙痒性炎症性皮肤病,是儿童最常见的皮肤疾病之一,严重影响患儿及其家庭的生活质量。AD通常在婴儿早期开始,约45%的病例始于生命前6个月, 60%始于第一年,85%始于5岁前[1]。AD发病机制复杂,具体尚未明确。微生态在AD发病机制中起着关键作用,尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌更是微生态在AD领域研究的重点。随着近年来宏基因组学、代谢组学、转录组学获得极大发展,微生态及代谢产物与免疫系统、神经内分泌系统之间相互作用的研究逐步深入。本文将综述近年来皮肤和肠道微生态在AD发病中所起的作用及AD微生物治疗等方面取得的研究成果。
教育领先行为改变终身管理——《国家基层糖尿病防治管理指南(2018)》生活方式干预章节的解读

糖尿病患者一经诊断就应该接受自我管理教育,并且持续终生的为其自我管理提供支持。生活方式管理包括合理营养膳食、积极运动、减盐、限酒和戒烟。每一项均有科学证据支持和具体的方法,在基层从事糖尿病管理的医生要掌握相应的方法为患者提供正确的指导。
Solitary extra-medullary plasmacytoma of the true vocal cord

To the Editor: Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon plasma cell neoplasm that accounts for 5% to 10% of all plasma cell neoplasms. It is divided into two categories based on location: solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) which occurs in bone and solitary extra-medullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in soft tissue. SBP is 40% higher than EMP. Although EMP can arise throughout the body, 90% arise in the head and neck, especially the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.[1] Nevertheless, EMP of the larynx is a rare situation, accounting for 0.04% to 0.19% of all malignant laryngeal lesions. And the variant appearances of laryngeal EMP make the accurate diagnosis quite difficult without the final pathologic result. Herein, we reported a case of EMP that was misdiagnosed as a vocal cord polyp.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasome pathway involvement in human podocyte injury with a truncated COL4A3 mutation

Background: Collagen type IV(COL4)-related nephropathy includes a variety of kidney diseases that occur with or without extra-renal manifestations caused byCOL4A3-5 mutations. Previous studies revealed several novelmutations, including threeCOL4A3 missense mutations (G619R, G801R, and C1616Y) and the COL4A3 chr:228172489delA c.4317delA p.Thr1440ProfsX87 frameshift mutation that resulted in a truncated NC1 domain (hereafter named COL4A3 c.4317delA); however, the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury remain unclear. This study aimed to further explore the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and four mutant COL4A3 segments were constructed into a lentiviral plasmid, then stably transfected into human podocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)- and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein levels. Then, human podocytes were treated with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and brefeldin A (a transport protein inhibitor). The human podocyte findings were verified by the establishment of a mus-Col4a3 knockout mouse monoclonal podocyte using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology. Results: Our data showed that COL4A3 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in the lentivirus stably transfected podocytes. Moreover, the COL4A3 protein level was significantly increased in all groups except the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Compared to the other test groups, the COL4A3 c.4317delA group showed excessive ERS and apoptosis. Podocytes treated with MG132 showed remarkably increased intra-cellular expression of the COL4A3 c.4317delA mutation. MG132 intervention improved higher ERS and apoptosis levels in the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Mouse monoclonal podocytes with COL4A3 chr:82717932insA c.4852insA p.Arg1618ThrfsX4 were successfully acquired; this NC1-truncated mutation suggested a higher level of ERS and relatively remarkable level of apoptosis compared to that of the WT group. Conclusions: We demonstrated that excessive ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis were involved in the podocyte injury caused by the NC1-truncated COL4A3 mutation. Furthermore, proteasome pathway intervention might become a potential treatment for collagen type IV-related nephropathy caused by a severely truncated COL4A3 mutation.
使用碱性蛋白酶去除人体骨骼标本软组织的技术研究

未防腐的人体骨骼标本的常用制备方法包括自然腐蚀法、水煮法和药液浸泡法。1989年开始有动物解剖学者尝试使用蛋白酶分解蛋白的方式来去除(仓鼠和家兔)肌肉组织来获取骨骼标本,他们使用蛋白酶的浓度为0.3%~0.5%。然而这一方法是否适用于人体骨骼标本的制备尚未见明确报道,为此,笔者尝试选用不同浓度的碱性蛋白酶对四肢骨(尺骨、桡骨、手骨)、躯干骨(肋骨和颈椎)和颅骨等3组标本进行去软组织试验,并观察在不同的时间里不同浓度的蛋白酶混合液对不同部位的骨骼的软组织的分解效果,以期建立一种适合于制备人体骨骼标本的蛋白酶分解配方。
Layer-modulated two-photon absorption in MoS_2: probing the shift of the excitonic dark state and band-edge

Questions hovering over the modulation of bandgap size and excitonic effect on nonlinear absorption in twodimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) have restricted their application in micro/nano optical modulator, optical switching, and beam shaping devices. Here, degenerate two-photon absorption(TPA) in the near-infrared region was studied experimentally in mechanically exfoliated MoS_2 from single layer to multilayer. The layer-dependent TPA coefficients were significantly modulated by the detuning of the excitonic dark state(2p). The shift of the quasiparticle bandgap and the decreasing of exciton binding energy with layers were deduced, combined with the non-hydrogen model of excitons in TMDCs and the scaling rule of semiconductors. Our work clearly demonstrates the layer modulation of nonlinear absorption in TMDCs and provides support for layer-dependent nonlinear optical devices, such as optical limiters and optical switches.
Equilibrium thallium isotope fractionation and its constraint on Earth's late veneer

Equilibrium isotope fractionation of thallium (Tl) includes the traditional mass-dependent isotope fractionation effect and the nuclear volume effect (NVE). The NVE dominates the overall isotope fractionation, especially at high temperatures. Heavy Tl isotopes tend to be enriched in oxidized Tl~(3+)-bearing species. Our NVE fractionation results of oxidizing Tl~+ to Tl~(3+) can explain the positive enrichments observed in ferromanganese sediments. Experimental results indicate that there could be 0.2–0.3 e-unit fractionation between sulfides and silicates at 1650 ℃. It is consistent with our calculation results, which are in the range of 0.17–0.38 e-unit. Importantly, Tl's concentration in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) can be used to constrain the amount of materials delivered to Earth during the late veneer accretion stage. Because the Tl concentration in BSE is very low and its Tl isotope composition is similar with that of chondrites, suggesting either no Tl isotope fractionation occurred during numerous evaporation events, or the Tl in current BSE was totally delivered by late veneer. If it is the latter, the Tl-contentbased estimation could challenge the magnitude of late veneer which had been constrained by the amount of highly siderophile elements in BSE. Our results show that the lateaccreted mass is at least five-times larger than the previously suggested magnitude, i.e., 0.5 wt% of current Earth's mass. The slightly lighter 205Tl composition of BSE relative to chondrites is probable a sign of occurrence of Tlbearing sulfides, which probably were removed from the mantle in the last accretion stage of the Earth.
关节创伤后功能康复的再思考:微创康复理念与实践

关于功能康复包括手术或其他创伤后,其目的是将关节功能恢复至原来的水平,让患者回归正常生活和工作.衡量关节功能是否恢复的客观指标是膝关节的活动范围(range of motion ,ROM)、肌肉力量,更重要的是关节的控制能力(灵活力和平衡性).本文旨再结合我们的临床实践和相关文献,阐述关节创伤后(包括手术后)功能康复的微创理念.
Femtosecond fiber laser at 780 nm for two-photon autofluorescence imaging

We present an Er-doped fiber (Er:fiber)-based femtosecond laser at 780 nm with 256 MHz repetition rate, 191 fs pulse duration, and over 1 W average power. Apart from the careful third-order dispersion management, we introduce moderate self-phase modulation to broaden the output spectrum of the Er:fiber amplifier and achieve 193 fs pulse duration and 2.43 W average power. Over 40 %frequency doubling efficiency is obtained by a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Delivering through a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber, this robust laser becomes an ideal and convenient light source for two-photon autofluorescence imaging.
Costunolide alleviates HKSA-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of macrophage activation

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infection leads to a severe inflammatory response and causes acute lung injury (ALI),eventually threatening human life.Therefore,it is of importance to find an agent to inhibit inflammation and reduce ALI.Here,we found that costunolide,a sesquiterpene lactone,displays anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorates heat-killed S.aureus (HKSA)-induced pneumonia.Costunolide treatment attenuated HKSA-induced murine ALI in which pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was inhibited,lung edema was decreased,and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced.In addition,costunolide dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC),as well as the expression of iNOS,in HKSA-induced macrophages.Furthermore,costunolide attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB).Collectively,our findings suggested that costunolide is a promising agent for alleviating bacterialinduced ALI via the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathways.
Simvastatin improves olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia in rats through inhibiting hepatic mTOR signaling pathway

Second-generation antipsychotic drug (SGA)-induced metabolic abnormalities,such as dyslipidemia,are a major clinical problem for antipsychotic therapy.Accumulated evidences have shown the efficacy of statins in reducing SGA-induced dyslipidemia,but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.In this study,we explored whether mTOR signaling was involved in olanzapine (OLZ)-induced dyslipidemia as well as the lipid-lowering effects of cotreatment of simvastatin (Sim) in rats.Model rats received OLZ (1.0mg/kg,t.i.d.) for 7 weeks;from the third week a group of model rats were cotreatment of Sim (3.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.) for 5 weeks.We found that OLZ treatment significantly increased the plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels,and promoted lipid accumulation in the liver,whereas cotreatment of Sim reversed OLZ-induced dyslipidemia.Hepatic mTORC1 and p-mTORC1 expression was accelerated in the OLZ treatment group,with upregulation of mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and its target genes,whereas these alterations were ameliorated by Sim cotreatment.In HepG2 cells,rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor) significantly reduced the OLZ-stimulated hepatocellular lipid contents and weakened the ability of Sim to lower lipids via a mechanism associated with the upregulation of SREBP1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis.Our data suggest that OLZ induces lipid accumulation in both plasma and liver,and Sim ameliorates OLZ-induced lipid metabolic dysfunction through its effects on mTOR signaling via reducing SREBP1c activation and the downregulation of gene expression involved in lipogenesis.These data provide a new insight into the prevention of metabolic side effects induced by antipsychotic drugs.
麻风分枝杆菌在无症状家庭接触者中的感染

Gama及其同事利用定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增麻风分枝杆菌的特异性16S核糖体 RNA,用以研究其在巴西高流行地区无症状家庭接触者中的流行情况。采集43例麻风病患者、113例患者家庭接触者和8例阴性对照者的右耳垂皮损涂片和血标本进行检测,结果发现24%的临床麻风病患者(大多数患者正在接受治疗)检测到麻风分枝杆菌核酸,其中25%为少菌型(PB)感染, 69.6%为多菌型(MB)感染;PB患者中细菌指数(BI)均为阴性,而56.5%MB患者的BI为阳性。对19.2% PB患者家庭中的无症状人群和27.9% MB患者家庭中的无症状人群,其血液和/或耳垂皮肤涂片标本的PCR结果呈阳性。所有阴性对照标本的PCR结果均为阴性。
阿尔茨海默病影像生物标志物研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)在所有痴呆疾病中的比例为60%~70%,以逐渐恶化的记忆力和进行性认知损害为特征。AD的发病及进展受多种因素影响,截至目前仍缺乏有效的治疗手段。近年来,随着影像学技术的不断发展,多模态影像分析技术及多种新型示踪剂等的应用,使得患者在临床症状出现前或疾病进展之前就能检测到AD相关的影像变化,为该病的早期诊断、病情监测及预后判断提供了依据。我们将近年来AD领域神经影像方面的研究进展作简要综述。
Two Notes on Automorphisms of Modules over a PID

Let D be a principal ideal domain (PID) and M be a module over D. We prove the following two dual results: (i) If M is finitely generated and x, y are two elements in M such that M/Dx ∼= M/Dy, then there exists an automorphism α of M such that α(x)= y. (ii) If M satisfies the minimal condition on submodules and X, Y are two locally cyclic submodules of M such that M/X ∼= M/Y and X ∼= Y , then there exists an automorphism α of M such that α(X)= Y .
NQ200全自动快速冷冻切片染色机使用体会

病理诊断作为医学诊断的金标准之一,在医院诊疗信息流程中具有重要地位,而术中快速冷冻病理诊断是病理科的急诊工作,需要在30 min内对病变组织定性,从而进一步协助确定临床手术方案及提高医疗质量,这不仅对病理医师、更对病理技术人员提出更高的要求。随着病理技术的发展,HE切片全自动染色机已被各大医院及研究机构所接受并深受好评,我科室今年新引进一台NQ200全自动快速冷冻切片染色机,现将使用体会介绍如下。
多发性骨髓瘤中西医结合诊疗专家共识(2019)

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是克隆性浆细胞异常增殖性疾病,临床以骨痛、病理性骨折、贫血、蛋白尿及肾功能不全等为主要症状。可归属于中医“骨痹”“骨蚀”“骨瘤”“虚劳”“血证”“癥瘕”等范畴。中医将其命名为“骨髓瘤”。随着对MM的深入了解、新的检测项目及新药的开发应用,有必要进一步规范MM的诊断与治疗。中医中药作为祖国医学,在MM的支持治疗中具有重要作用。为此,由中国医药教育协会血液学专业委员会及中国中西医结合学会血液学专业委员会骨髓瘤专家委员会共同编写了此共识,供临床参考。
血管升压药防治剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔麻醉后低血压的研究进展

蛛网膜下腔麻醉或脊椎-硬膜外联合麻醉是剖宫产术常用的麻醉方式,而蛛网膜下腔麻醉后低血压发生率较高,明显高于非妊娠妇女。严重低血压可能引起恶心呕吐,还可引起子宫胎盘血流减少,进而导致新生儿不良结局(如低 Apgar评分和酸血症),且这些副作用与低血压严重程度和持续时间有关。临床上常用血管升压药进行防治,本文就血管升压药的应用进展进行介绍。
活性污泥微生物组:去除污浊,只留清淡

活性污泥法诞生一百多年来,在污水处理特别是城市污水处理中发挥了不可替代的作用。活性污泥微生物是去除污染物包括新型有机和无机污染物的关键角色,活性污泥微生物组为微生物分离培养、功能鉴定和生态互作等方面的研究带来新的活力。
STABILITY OF A PAIR OF BANACH SPACES FOR ε-ISOMETRIES

A pair of Banach spaces (X,Y) is said to be stable if for every ε-isometry f:X → Y,there exist γ >0 and a bounded linear operator T:L(f) → X with ||T|| ≤ α such that ||Tf(x)-x|| ≤ γε for all x Є X,where L(f) is the closed linear span of f(X).In this article,we study the stability of a pair of Banach spaces (X,Y) when X is a C(K) space.This gives a new positive answer to Qian's problem.Finally,we also obtain a nonlinear version for Qian's problem.
Spatial-temporal variability of the fluctuation of soil temperature in the Babao River Basin, Northwest China

The Babao River Basin is the “water tower” of the Heihe River Basin. The combination of vulnerable ecosystems and inhospitable natural environments substantially restricts the existence of humans and the sustainable development of society and environment in the Heihe River Basin. Soil temperature (ST) is a critical soil variable that could affect a series of physical, chemical and biological soil processes, which is the guarantee of water conservation and vegetation growth in this region. To measure the temporal variation and spatial pattern of ST fluctuation in the Babao River Basin, fluctuation of ST at various depths were analyzed with ST data at depths of 4, 10 and 20 cm using classical statistical methods and permutation entropy. The study results show the following: 1) There are variations of ST at different depths, although ST followed an obvious seasonal law. ST at shallower depths is higher than at deeper depths in summer, and vice versa in winter. The difference of ST between different depths is close to zero when ST is near 5℃ in March or-5℃ in September. 2) In spring, ST at the shallower depths becomes higher than at deeper depths as soon as ST is above-5℃; this is reversed in autumn when ST is below 5℃. ST at a soil depth of 4 cm is the first to change, followed by ST at 10 and 20 cm, and the time that ST reaches the same level is delayed for 10-15 days. In chilling and warming seasons, September and February are, respectively, the months when ST at various depths are similar. 3) The average PE values of ST for 17 sites at 4 cm are 0.765 in spring > 0.764 in summer > 0.735 in autumn > 0.723 in winter, which implies the complicated degree of fluctuations of ST. 4) For the variation of ST at different depths, it appears that Max, Ranges, Average and the Standard Deviation of ST decrease by depth increments in soil. Surface soil is more complicated because ST fluctuation at shallower depths is more pronounced and random. The average PE value of ST for 17 sites are 0.863 at a depth of 4 cm > 0.818 at 10 cm > 0.744 at 20 cm. 5) For the variation of ST at different elevations, it appears that Max, Ranges, Average, Standard Deviation and ST fluctuation decrease with increasing elevation at the same soil depth. And with the increase of elevation, the decrease rates of Max, Range, Average, Standard Deviation at 4 cm are-0.89℃/100 m,-0.94℃/100 m,-0.43℃/100 m, and-0.25℃/100 m, respectively. In addition, this correlation decreased with the increase of soil depth. 6) Significant correlation between PE values of ST at depths of 4, 10 and 20 cm can easily be found. This finding implies that temperature can easily be transmitted within soil at depths between 4 and 20 cm. 7) For the variation of ST on shady slope and sunny slope sides, it appears that the PE values of ST at 4, 10 and 20 cm for 8 sites located on shady slope side are 0.868, 0.824 and 0.776, respectively, whereas they are 0.858, 0.810 and 0.716 for 9 sites located on sunny slope side.
一穴肛原癌的诊疗进展

一穴肛原癌,又称泄殖腔原癌和基底细胞样癌,好发于齿状线上下方,是极为少见的肛管恶性肿瘤,误诊率极高,术前诊断困难,常延误患者的病情,降低治疗效果。本文通过对近年来一穴肛原癌诊疗模式的进展给予简单阐述,希望提高临床医师对该病的重视程度,降低误诊率,提高治疗效果。
腹壁侵袭性纤维瘤的治疗现状

侵袭性纤维瘤(aggressive fibromatosis, AF)亦被称为硬型纤维瘤或韧带样纤维瘤,是一种间叶来源的少见肿瘤,发病率为百万分之五至六。AF在病理特征上表现为良性,肿瘤不发生远处转移,但局部呈现侵袭性生长。AF可发生于全身肌筋膜组织,根据生长位置的不同将AF分为腹壁型、腹腔内型及腹外型,其中以腹壁型最常见。由于AF生长的位置与其生物学行为相关,故影响到治疗方法的选择和预后。在所有AF中,腹壁型AF预后最好,随后为腹内型AF,而腹外型AF预后最差。以下就腹壁AF的治疗现状作一综述。
Spatial-temporal variations in net primary productivity in the Arctic from 2003 to 2016

The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased; these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity (NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that (1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year; (2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and (3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST. The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months. With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.