mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Environmental change since mid-Pleistocene recorded in Shangshan achaeological site of Zhejiang

At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the cli-mate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173?75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80?100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the tem-perature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0?1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene (11500 a BP?), temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace (11,400?8600 a BP), which is one of the most important archaeo-logical sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be as-sumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cul-tivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.
Lake evolution and its implication for environmental changes in China during 1950-2000

Lakes in China have undergone considerable environmental changes during the past 50 years,e.g. lake level,water area changes,as did in the past several thousands years. The enhanced human activities,such as land reclamation,application of chemical fertilizer,land use and cover,irrigation and industrialization in the catchment etc.,have played an im-portant role on the recent decades’ changes of these lakes,although constrained to a great extent by the natural impact. Comparative study on variations of lake volume (water level,depth and area) in the eastern and western lake regions of China during 1950–2000 indicated that,lake volume in the eastern region had approximately undergone a two-stage change,i.e. a dramatic decrease from the 1950s to 1970s,and a continuous increase between the 1980s and 1990s; while,in the western region,lake volume had been decreasing nearly all the time. Further studies on some typical lakes concluded that,climatic change was a primary factor for the variations of lake volume during the past 50 years,although human activities showed important effect.
Cloudiness variations over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1971-2004

With Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and trend analysis method adopted,the spatio-temporal variation of total cloud amount is analyzed for 75 stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the period 1971–2004. Analysis indicates that the total cloud amount decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the plateau,and that the annual and seasonal variations in total cloud amount both show an apparent declining tendency over the past decades. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the total cloud amount is negative with sunshine duration and diurnal temperature range (DTR),and is positive with precipitation and the relative humidity,respectively. The negative correlation is consistent with the radiative effect of cloud,while the positive correlation between total cloud amount and precipitation is obscured because of the influence of topographic factors. Discussion implies that the decrease of total cloud amount is possibly due to the variation of atmospheric aerosol content and ozone concentration over the plateau,although it is difficult to quantify the driving force mechanism up to now.
Regional features of the temperature trend in China based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

By the Empirical Mode Decomposition method,we analyzed the observed monthly average temperature in more than 700 stations from 1951–2001 over China. Simultaneously,the temperature variability of each station is calculated by this method,and classification chart of long term trend and temperature variability distributing chart of China are obtained,supported by GIS,1 km×1 km resolution. The results show that: in recent 50 years,the temperature has increased by more than 0.4℃/10a in most parts of northern China,while in Southwest China and the middle and lower Yangtze Valley,the increase is not significant. The areas with a negative temperature change rate are distributed sporadically in Southwest China. Meanwhile,the temperature data from 1881 to 2001 in nine study regions in China are also analyzed,indicating that in the past 100 years,the temperature has been increasing all the way in Northeast China,North China,South China,Northwest China and Xinjiang and declining in Southwest China. An inverse ‘V-shaped’ trend is also found in Central China. But in Tibet the change is less significant.
Stable isotopes of summer monsoonal precipitation in southern China and the moisture sources evidence from δ~(18)O signature

Summer monsoons (South Asian monsoon,South China Sea monsoon and Sub-tropical monsoon) are prominent features of summertime climate over southern China. Dif-ferent monsoons carry different inflow moisture into China and control the temporal and spa-tial distributions of precipitation. Analyses of meteorological data,particularly wind,tempera-ture and pressure anomalies are traditional methods of characterizing moisture sources and transport patterns. Here,we try to utilize the evidence from stable isotopes signatures to trace summer monsoons over southern China. Based on seven CHNIP (Chinese Network of Iso-topes in Precipitation) observatory stations located in southern China,monthly composite precipitation samples have been collected and analyzed for the composition of δ~(18)O during July,2005. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of δ~(18)O in precipitation could properly portray the moisture sources together with their transport pathways. Moreover,the amount effect,altitude effect,temperature effect and the correlation between δ~(18)O vs. relative humidity were discussed.
Trans-scale mechanics: looking for the missing links between continuum and micro/nanoscopic reality

Problems involving coupled multiple space and time scales offer a real challenge for conventional frameworks of either particle or continuum mechanics. In this paper, four cases studies (shear band formation in bulk metallic glasses, spallation resulting from stress wave, interaction between a probe tip and sample, the simulation of nanoindentation with molecular statistical thermodynamics) are provided to illustrate the three levels of trans-scale problems (problems due to various physical mechanisms at macro-level, problems due to micro-structural evolution at macro/micro-level, problems due to the coupling of atoms/molecules and a finite size body at micro/nano-level) and their formulations. Accordingly, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, coupled trans-scale equations and simultaneous solutions, and trans-scale algorithms based on atomic/molecular interaction are suggested as the three possible modes of trans-scale mechanics.
Purified polysaccharide from Ginkgo biloba leaves inhibits P-selectin-mediated leucocyte adhesion and inflammation

Aim: To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the polysaccharides of Ginkgo biloba leaves (PGBL) by inhibiting leucocyte adhesion. Methods: The rough PGBL were isolated and purified. The anti-inflammatory effects of purified PGBL (p-PGBL) were assayed by ear edema induced by xylol and the acute peritonitis model in mice. The effect of p-PGBL on inhibiting the interaction between P-selectin and its ligands was investigated by flow cytometry and flow chamber. Results: p-PGBL could effectively inhibit the acute inflammation in mice and interfere with the adhesion of HL-60 cells, a human leukaemia cell line, or neutrophils to P-selectin in static conditions, as well as the adhesion of neutrophils to Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human P-selectin and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in flow conditions in a dose-dependant manner. Conclusions: p-PGBL can inhibit the inflammatory process through interfering with the interaction between P-selectin and its ligands.
Establishment and characteristics of two syngeneic human osteosarcoma cell lines from primary tumor and skip metastases

Aim: To characterize and compare the different biological behaviors of 2 novel human osteosarcoma cell lines, Zos and Zos-M, established respectively from the primary tumor and the skip metastasis of an osteosarcoma patient. Methods: In vitro studies included morphological observations, karyotype analysis, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation assay, and cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Subcutaneous and intravenous inoculations into nude mice were carried out to study the tumorigenicity and the metastatic potential. RT-PCR was performed to assess the expression of the osteoblastic markers and some metastasis-related genes. Results: Both cell lines remained stable for more than 100 passages in vitro without interruption. The RT-PCR examination indicated that they retained the molecular characteristics of an osteoblastic lineage. The karyotype analysis displayed aneuploidy and various structural abnormalities. Both cell lines are tumorigenic; Zos-M differs from Zos by the former's ability to develop lung metastasis after intravenous injection. The comparison of the expression patterns of some metastasis-related genes revealed that the decreased expression of cadherin-11 in Zos-M may correlate with a high potential of metastases. Moreover, both cell lines are less sensitive to the current chemotherapy protocols. Conclusion: The establishment of osteosarcoma cell lines, Zos and Zos-M, and related animal models provide a useful resource for studying the aggressive behavior of osteosarcoma and will be helpful for screening effective treatment strategies.
Implementation of upper limit calculation for a Poisson variable by Bayesian approach

The calculation of Bayesian confidence upper limit for a Poisson variable including both signal and background with and without systematic uncertainties has been formulated.A Fortran 77 routine,BPULE, has been developed to implement the calculation.The routine can account for systematic uncertainties in the background expectation and signal efficiency.The systematic uncertainties may be separately parameterized by a Gaussian,Log-Gaussian or flat probability density function (pdf).Some technical details of BPULE have been discussed.
Kinetics of Liquid Structure Transition of Sn-（40wt%）Bi Melt

The kinetics of temperature-induced liquid-liquid structure transition （TI-LLST） process in Sn-（40wt%）Bi melt is investigated in isothermal and continuous heating experiments with electrical resistivity method. The time evolution pattern of the electrical resistivity suggested the transition mechanism of TI-LLST for Sn-（40wt%）Bi melt in accordance with the autocatalytic reaction model, which is an indication of nucleation-growth type. With the calculated reaction rate constant K_T and apparent activation energy Δ E, we deduce the reason for the characteristics of TI-LLST. The present result may be beneficial for further understanding of the nature of TI-LLST.
Polarized Micro-Raman Study of the Temperature-Induced Phase Transition In  0.67 Pb（Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)）O_3-0.33PbTiO_3

Polarized Raman spectra of ferroelectric relaxor 0.67Pb（Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)）O_3-0.33PbTiO_3 （0.67PMN-0.33PT） single crystal are systematically investigated in a wide temperature range from -196 to 600℃ by micro-Raman scattering technique. The results clearly reveal that there are two structural phase transitions in such composite ferroelectric relaxor： the rhombohedral-tetragonal （R- T） phase transition and the tetragonal-cubic （T- C） phase transition. The former occurs at about T_(R-T) =34℃, corresponding to the vanishing of the soft A_1 mode at 106cm~(-1) recorded in the parallel polarization. The latter appears at about T_(T-C) = 144℃, which can be verified with the vanishing of mode at 780cm~(-1) measured in the crossed polarization.
P-BN/n-Si Heterojunction Prepared by Beryllium ion Implantation

A boron nitride （BN）/silicon p-n heterojunction is fabricated by implanting beryllium （Be） ions into the BN films deposited by rf sputtering on n-type Si （111） substrates. The FTIR observations indicate that the films deposited have a mixed phase composition of 8p~2 - and sp~3 -hybridized BN. Considering the thickness of the BN layer, the ion implantation is conducted at an ion energy of 100keV with the dose of 5×10~(15) cm~(-2). After annealing at a high temperature, the surface resistance of the BN film decreases significantly by 6 orders down to 1.2×10~5Ω. Space-charge-limited current characteristic, which indicates the existence of shallow traps in the film, is observed. Current-voltage measurements across the BN film and the Si substrate reveal a clear rectification feature, demonstrating the achievement of p-type doping of BN films by Be ion implantation.
Design of Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Using Planar  Metallic Films Closely Coupled to Nanogratings

We investigate the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings. The strong coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances （LSPRs） presenting in metallic nanostructures and surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） propagating at the metallic film surface leads to changes of resonance reflection properties, resulting in enhanced sensitivity of SPR sensors. The effects of thickness of the metallic films, grating period and metal materials on the refractive index sensitivity of the device are investigated. The refractive index sensitivity of nanograting-based SPR sensors is predicted to be about 543 nm/RIU （refractive index unit） using optimized structure parameters. Our study on SPR sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings demonstrates the potential for significant improvement in refractive index sensitivity.
Darboux Transformation and Multi-Solitons for Complex mKdV Equation

An explicR N-fold Darboux transformation with multi-parameters for coupled mKdV equation is constructed with the help of a gauge transformation of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur （AKNS） system spectral problem. By using the Darboux transformation and the reduction technique, some multi-soliton solutions for the complex mKdV equation are obtained.
Copper base materials prepared by gel-casting process

Gel-casting process was developed as a new molding process in the field of copper base powder metallurgy to manufacture metal parts with excellent performance and complex shapes.Through changing the parameters of gel-casting process,such as dispersant and solid loading,the corresponding effects on the rheology of Cu slurries,molding and sintering behaviors were studied.The results show that the viscosity of Cu slurries was significantly reduced with an increase in dispersant.The most appropriate solid loading was found to be 61% and the sintering temperature was 910°C in these experiments.After the optimization of parameters of gel-casting process,copper composite parts with relatively high density and better properties were obtained.
Electron Acceleration by Small-Amplitude Solitary Kinetic Alfvén Wave in a  Low-Beta Plasma

In the case of a low beta plasma β 〈〈 m_e/m_i, the electron acceleration by small amplitude solitary kinetic Alfvén wave is studied. It is found that the electron can be only accelerated along the ambient magnetic field. The maximum velocity of accelerated electron approaches to twice Alfvén velocity. In the perpendicular direction, the dc electric field acceleration term and surfing acceleration term almost cancel each other out.
Low-Frequency Relaxation Oscillations in Capacitive Discharge Processes

Low-frequency （2.72-3.70 Hz） relaxation oscillations at 100 mTorr at higher absorbed power were observed from time-varying optical emission of the main discharge chamber and the periphery. We interpret the low frequency oscillations using an electromagnetic model of the slot impedance with parallel connection variational peripheral capacitance, coupled to a circuit analysis of the system including the matching network. The model results are in general agreement with the experimental observations, and indicate a variety of behaviours dependent on the matching conditions.
FDTD Studies of Metallic Cylinder Arrays： Plasmon Waveguide and Y-Splitter

The plasmon waveguide based on double chain of gold cylinders is studied using the finite-difference time-domain method （FDTD）. The wavelength of the incident Gaussian beam ranges from 650 to 1200nm, and the corresponding attenuation factors are calculated. We also present a Y-splitter with 90° splitting angle, each branch in the form of double chains. The transmission efficiencies for different wavelengths are evaluated.
Strong Correlation and Anticorrelation via Phase-Dependent Coherent  Population Trapping

We present the phase control of photon correlations in a driven four-level system in the double lambda configuration. The strong correlation and the anticorrelation are. obtained when the collective phase of four applied laser fields is varied. The coherent control is based on the phase-dependent coherent population trapping （CPT）. The strong correlation occurs when the system operates near CPT, while the anticorrelation occurs when the system is far away from CPT.
CPT Magnetometer with Atomic Energy Level Modulation

We propose and experimentally investigate a coherent population trapping state based magnetometer prototype with ~(87)Rb atoms. Through modulating Zeeman sublevels with an ac magnetic field, not only a phase sensitive detection scheme suitable for miniature magnetometer is realized, but also the detection resolution of magnetic field intensity could be improved by a factor of two. Our study result indicates that it is a promising low power consumption miniature sensitive low magnetic field sensor offering spatially resolved measurement at the sub-millimetre level.
Fuzzy Impulsive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

The permanent magnet synchronous motors （PMSMs） may experience chaotic behaviours with systemic parameters falling into a certain area or under certain working conditions, which threaten the secure and stable operation of motor-driven. Hence, it is important to study the methods of controlling or suppressing chaos in PMSMs. In this work, the Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy impulsive control model for PMSMs is established via the T-S modelling methodology and impulsive technology. Based on the new model, the control conditions of asymptotieal stability and exponential stability for PMSMs have been derived by the Lyapunov method. Finaily, an illustrated example is also given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Hawking Radiation from Topological Kerr Anti-de-Sitter Black Hole with One  Rotational Parameter via Covariant Anomalies

Using anomalous viewpoint, we study the Hawking radiation from a kind of topological Kerr Anti-de-Sitter （Kerr-AdS） black hole with one rotational parameter. We employ the covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies. The result supports the Robinson-Wilczek opinion and shows that the Hawking temperature can be correctly determined by cancelling covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies at the horizon.
Analysis of Vertex D~＊D~＊ρ with Light-Cone QCD Sum Rules

We analyse the vertex D~＊D~＊ρ with the light-cone QCD sum rules. The strong coupling constant gD~＊D~＊ρ is an important parameter in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the quark-gluon plasmas. Our numerical value for the gD^＊D^＊ρ is consistent with the prediction of the effective SU（4） symmetry and vector meson dominance theory.
Detection of Genetically Modified Crops by Combination of Multiplex  PCR and Low-density DNA Microarray

Objective To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray. Methods Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were used to amplify the target genes in genetically modified （GM） soybean. Seventeen capture probes （PCR products） and 17 pairs of corresponding primers were designed according to the genetic characteristics of Rroundup Ready soybean （GTS40-3-2）, maize （MonS10, Nk603, GA21）, canola （T45, MS1/RF1）, and rice （SCK） in many identified GM crops. All of the probes were categorized and identified as species-specific probes. One negative probe and one positive control probe were used to assess the efficiency of all reactions, and therefore eliminate any false positive and negative results. After multiplex PCR reaction, amplicons were adulterated with Cy5-dUTP and hybridized with DNA microarray. The array was then scanned to display the specific hybridization signals of target genes. The assay was applied to the analysis of sample of certified transgenic soybean （Roundup Ready GTS40-3-2） and canola （MS1/RF1）. Results A combination technique of multiplex PCR and DNA microarray was successfully developed to identify multi-target genes in Roundup Ready soybean and MS 1/RF1 canola with a great specificity and reliability. Reliable identification of genetic characteristics of Roundup Ready of GM soybean from genetically modified crops was achieved at 0.5% transgenic events, indicating a high sensitivity. Conclusion A combination technique of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray can reliably detect and identify the genetically modified crops.
Heavy metals contamination characteristics in soil of  different mining activity zones

Depending upon the polluted features of various mining activities in a typical nonferrous metal mine, the contaminated soil area was divided into four zones which were polluted by tailings, mine drainage, dust deposition in wind and spreading minerals during vehicle transportation, respectively. In each zone, soil samples were collected. Total 28 soil samples were dug and analyzed by ICP-AES and other relevant methods. The results indicate that the average contents of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu and As in soils are 508.6, 384.8, 7.53, 356 and 44.6 mg/kg, respectively. But the contents of heavy metals in different zone have distinct differences. The proportion of oxidizing association with organic substance is small. Difference of the association of heavy metals is small in different polluted zones.
New mining technique with big panels and stopes in deep mine

For the purpose to suit the bad mining technical conditions, such as deep imbed, gentle dip angle, and high initial stress in Dongguashan deposit, the stoping scheme was optimized. The new mining technique, with temporary curtain walls, large panels and stopes, was achieved as well. The deposit model, which was built through the DATAMINE, was led into FLAC~(3D) for numerical simulation. Based on these, the stabilities of pillars and stopes were analyzed. On the other hand, the impact of output stability by new scheme was verified with the help of optimization planning theory. The results show that stopes and curtain walls are safe when the width of temporary curtain walls between panels are 18 m. The length and width of stope increase to 78 m （82 m） and 18 m respectively, and those of panel increase to 300-500 m and 100 m respectively. The commercial test indicates that the new scheme can attain the aims of simpler production organization, better stope ventilation and work condition, smaller quantities of development and cutting, and 2/3 of equipments as before with the stable output. The pillar stoping technique is credible and valuable.