mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Study of He-induced nano-cavities as sinks of oxygen for forming silicon-on-insulator

In the present work, a Cz–Silicon wafer is implanted with helium ions to produce a buried porous layer, and then thermally annealed in a dry oxygen atmosphere to make oxygen transport into the cavities. The formation of the buried oxide layer in the case of internal oxidation (ITOX) of the buried porous layer of cavities in the silicon sample is studied by positron beam annihilation (PBA). The cavities are formed by 15 keV He implantation at a fluence of 2 × 10~(16) cm~(-2) and followed by thermal annealing at 673 K for 30 min in vacuum. The internal oxidation is carried out at temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K for 2 h in a dry oxygen atmosphere. The layered structures evolved in the silicon are detected by using the PBA and the thicknesses of their layers and nature are also investigated. It is found that rather high temperatures must be chosen to establish a sufficient flux of oxygen into the cavity layer. On the other hand high temperatures lead to coarsening the cavities and removing the cavity layer finally.
Deceleration of a continuous-wave (CW) molecular beam with a single quasi-CW semi-Gaussian laser beam

We propose a promising scheme to decelerate a CW molecular beam by using a red-detuned quasi-cw semi-Gaussian laser beam (SGB). We study the dynamical process of the deceleration for a CW deuterated ammonia (ND_3) molecular beam by Monte–Carlo simulation method. Our study shows that we can obtain a ND_3 molecular beam with a relative average kinetic energy loss of about 10% and a relative output molecular number of more than 90% by using a single quasi-cw SGB with a power of 1.5kW and a maximum optical well depth of 7.33mK.
Cathodoluminescent and electrical properties of an individual ZnO nanowire with oxygen vacancies

A single ZnO nanowire with intrinsic oxygen vacancies is utilized to fabricate four-contact device with focus ion beam lithography technique. Cathodoluminescent spectra indicate strong near-UV and green emission at both room temperature and low temperatures. Experimental measurement shows the temperature-dependent conductivity of the ZnO nanowire at low temperatures (below 100 K). The further theoretical analysis confirms that weak localization plays an important role in the electrical transport, which is attributed to the surface states induced by plenty of oxygen vacancies in ZnO nanowire.
Distribution characteristic of scattering field for an ellipsoidal target irradiated by an electromagnetic wave from an arbitrary direction

It is of great importance for engineering applications to obtain the expression of scattering field for an ellipsoidal target irradiated by an electromagnetic wave from an arbitrary direction. Literature relevant to this problem is seldom found. In this paper, the scattering field for an ellipsoidal target is presented by utilizing the scale transformation of electromagnetic field and the rotation of coordinate system, with an electromagnetic wave projecting on the target from an arbitrary direction. The obtained result is in good agreement with the solution available from the literature if we consider the scale factors to be unity. Taking a conducting ellipsoidal target for sample, we perform the partial simulations of the ellipsoidal model and a plant leaf model by choosing different scale factors. The obtained results show that the distribution characteristic of scattering field is sensitively affected by the polarization of the incident wave and varies not much with the incident wave angle but changes with the observation point. At some points the scattering energy arrives at its maximum.
Novel four-wing and eight-wing attractors using coupled chaotic Lorenz systems

This paper presents the problem of generating four-wing (eight-wing) chaotic attractors. The adopted method consists in suitably coupling two (three) identical Lorenz systems. In analogy with the original Lorenz system, where the two wings of the butterfly attractor are located around the two equilibria with the unstable pair of complex-conjugate eigenvalues, this paper shows that the four wings (eight wings) of these novel attractors are located around the four (eight) equilibria with two (three) pairs of unstable complex-conjugate eigenvalues.
Temporal Characteristic of M--M Transition Lasers in Strontium Atom Vapour

The kinetic process of Sr atom metastable--metastable transition lasers in He--Sr longitudinal pulsed discharge is analysed and a concise self-consistent physical model is developed. The temporal evolutions of discharge parameters, main particle densities, the electron temperature, and the lasing pulses are numerically calculated. The results provided by the model agree well with the experiment, and the temporal behaviour of each laser pulse is explained successfully by the simulation results.
Ionization Energies of Ions in Hot and Dense Plasma: Beryllium-Like Ions for Z=26-36

Ionization energies of beryllium-like ions for Z=26-36 in hot and dense plasmas (ne=10~(22)-10~(24)cm~(-3), kT=500-2000eV) are obtained by using an approach developed for electronic structure and transition property of ions in hot and dense plasmas based on the multi-configuration Dirac--Fock model. Influence of the plasma environment is considered by introducing a correction to the one-electron potential to account for the screening of the ionized electrons. This correction is calculated from the ionized electron micro-space distribution, which is obtained based on an average atom model for the temperature and density-dependent average ionization of atoms in plasmas. Comparison between the present and the ion sphere models is made to display the significance of the ionized electron micro-space distribution.
Reissner-Nordstrom-de-Sitter-type Solution by a Gauge Theory of Gravity

We use the theory based on a gravitational gauge group (Wu's model) to obtain a spherical symmetric solution of the field equations for the gravitational potential on a Minkowski spacetime. The gauge group, the gauge covariant derivative, the strength tensor of the gauge field, the gauge invariant Lagrangean with the cosmological constant, the field equations of the gauge potentials with a gravitational energy--momentum tensor as well as with a tensor of the field of a point like source are determined. Finally, a Reissner--Nordstr?m--de Sitter-type metric on the gauge group space is obtained.
Selective adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface

The adsorption of bacteria on sulfide minerals surface was studied, and the selective adsorption mechanism of cells on the sulfide minerals was investigated by means of FTIR, UVS and XPS. The results show that the three strains of bacteria adsorbed more preferentially on pyrite than on other two sulfide minerals surface at neutral and alkaline pH conditions. FTIR and UVS of three strains of bacteria indicate that there are more functional groups on their surface, such as O—H, C=O, N—H, C—O, and the content of saccharide is more than that of protein. The state of every element on sulfide minerals surface was analyzed by XPS. The empty orbital number of electronic shell of metal ions on minerals surface is important in selective adsorption process, and some stable constants of metal coordinates can be used to explain the contribution of some groups in saccharide of cell wall to the selective adsorption.
Identification and Characterization of Proteins Associated with Plant Tolerance to Heat Stress

Heat stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Understanding mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress would facilitate the development of heat-tolerant cultivars for improving productivity in warm climatic regions. Protein metabolism involving protein synthesis and degradation is one of the most sensitive processes to heat stress. Changes in the level and expression pattern of some proteins may play an important role in plant adaptation to heat stress. The identification of stress-responsive proteins and pathways has been facilitated by an increasing number of tools and resources, including two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the rapidly expanding nucleotide and amino acid sequence databases. Heat stress may induce or enhance protein expression or cause protein degradation. The induction of heat-responsive proteins, particularly heat shock proteins (HSPs), plays a key role in plant tolerance to heat stress. Protein degradation involving various proteases is also important in regulating plant responses to heat stress. This review provides an overview of recent research on proteomic profiling for the identification of heat-responsive proteins associated with heat tolerance, heat induction and characteristics of HSPs, and protein degradation in relation to plant responses to heat stress.
Salt Tolerance in Soybean

Soybean is an important cash crop and its productivity is significantly hampered by salt stress. High salt imposes negative impacts on growth, nodulation, agronomy traits, seed quality and quantity, and thus reduces the yield of soybean. To cope with salt stress, soybean has developed several tolerance mechanisms, including: (i) maintenance of ion homeostasis; (ii) adjustment in response to osmotic stress; (iii) restoration of osmotic balance; and (iv) other metabolic and structural adaptations. The regulatory network for abiotic stress responses in higher plants has been studied extensively in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Some homologous components involved in salt stress responses have been identified in soybean. In this review, we tried to integrate the relevant works on soybean and proposes a working model to describe its salt stress responses at the molecular level.
Dynamic changes of microbial community diversity in a photohydrogen producing reactor monitored by PCR-DGGE

A PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction) protocol was used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the microbial population during photohydrogen production. Total DNA was extracted directly from the mixed bacterial community in the reactor and subjected to PCR with V3-16S rDNA and pufM gene primers, and the amplifications were then analyzed by DGGE. The DGGE patterns demonstrated the dynamics of community structure and the shift of microbial diversity, which corresponded to di erent running periods of the reactor. The optimal hydrogen producing community formed on day 10. Using DGGE analysis with the pufM gene fragments was superior to V3-16S rDNA region genes for detecting the dynamic variations of the photosynthetic bacteria population during hydrogen production. The comparative sequence analysis of excised DGGE bands showed the relationship between specific population structures and system performance. Rhodopseudomonas palustris was presumed as one of the dominant community members for hydrogen production in the reactor. The PCR-DGGE protocol was proven to be a good tool for monitoring the photohydrogen production in real time and o ered the available information to improve the photohydrogen producing system.
On sums of a prime and four prime squares in short intervals

In this paper, we prove that each sufficiently large integer N ≠ 1 (mod 3) can be written as N=p + p_1~2 + p_2~2 + p_3~2 + p_4~2, with |p-n/5|≤U, |p_j -N~(1/2)/5|≤U, j = 1,2,3,4, where U = N 9/20 + ε and p, p_j are primes.
Influences of the clearness index on UV solar radiation for two locations in the Tibetan Plateau-Lhasa and Haibei 

Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation has a significant influence on human health, the environment and climate. A series of measurements, including UV radiation (290–400 nm) and global solar radiation (R_s), were continuously recorded from August 2004 at the Lhasa and Haibei sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Both observation sites’ altitudes are above 3000 m and have similar meteorological conditions. The data from 2005–2006 was used to identify the varying characteristics of UV radiation. It’s relation to the clearness index K_s, the relative optical mass m r, and R_s were established. The annual mean values of total daily UV radiation are 0.92 and 0.67 MJ m~(-2) at Lhasa and Haibei, respectively. The UV radiation in Lhasa represented 4.6% of the global solar radiation while in Haibei this percentage was 4.2%. In the case of clear days (K_s > 0.8), these percentages ranged between 4.0% and 4.5% in Lhasa and between 5.1% and 5.5% in Haibei. In the case of cloudy days (K_s < 0.4), these percentages ranged from 4.4% to 6.8% in Lhasa and from 5.1% to 5.5% in Haibei. The maximum values of UV radiation for each relative optical mass diminished exponentially with m r. Thus, for Lhasa and Haibei, UV=46.25m 4~(-1).29, and UV=51.76m r~(-1).42, respectively. The results of this study can be used to obtain more UV radiation data for the study of UV climate characteristics, the effects of UV on ecological processes and the feedback of the thinning of the stratospheric ozone, from more routine measurements R_s data.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 4-Chloromethyl-3-anilino-2-(4-methylbenzoylimido)thiazole

The title compound 2,4-chloromethyl-3-anilino-2-(4-methyl-benzoylimido)thiazole,was prepared by the reaction of 1-p-methylbenzoyl-3-phenylaminothiourea 1 with 1,3-dichloroacetone.The crystal is of monoclinic,space group P2_1/c,with a = 8.1712(15),b = 10.998(2),c = 19.134(4),β = 94.610(5)o,C_(18)H_(16)ClN_3OS,Mr = 357.85,Z = 4,V = 1714.0(6) 3,D_c = 1.387 g/cm~3,μ(MoKα) = 0.354 mm~(-1),F(000) = 744,the final R = 0.0518 and wR = 0.1167 for 3189 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)).Its formation mechanism was proposed.
Sensitivity of East Asian climate to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the mid-Pliocene boundary conditions

A global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform eleven idealized numerical experiments, i.e., TP00, TP10, ..., TP100, corresponding to different percentages of the Tibetan Plateau altitude. The aim is to explore the sensitivity of East Asian climate to the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the reconstructed boundary conditions for the mid-Pliocene about 3 Ma ago. When the plateau is progressively uplifted, global annual surface temperature is gradually declined and statistically significant cooling signals emerge only in the Northern Hemisphere, especially over and around the Tibetan Plateau, with larger magnitudes over land than over the oceans. On the contrary, annual surface temperature rises notably over Central Asia and most parts of Africa, as well as over northeasternmost Eurasia in the experiments TP60 to TP100. Meanwhile, the plateau uplift also leads to annual precipitation augmentation over the Tibetan Plateau but a reduction in northern Asia, the Indian Peninsula, much of Central Asia, parts of western Asia and the southern portions of northeastern Europe. Additionally, it is found that an East Asian summer monsoon system similar to that of the present initially exists in the TP60 and is gradually intensified with the continued plateau uplift. At 850 hPa the plateau uplift induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau in summertime and two anomalous westerly currents respectively located to the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau in wintertime. In the mid-troposphere, similar-to-modern spatial pattern of summertime western North Pacific subtropical high is only exhibited in the experiments TP60 to TP100, and the East Asian trough is steadily deepened in response to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.
Effects of irrigation on nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in an Inner Mongolian steppe

Increased precipitation during the vegetation periods was observed in and further predicted for Inner Mongolia. The changes in the associated soil moisture may affect the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases. Therefore, we set up an irrigation experiment with one watered (W) and one unwatered plot (UW) at a winter-grazed Leymus chinensis-steppe site in the Xilin River catchment, Inner Mongolia. UW only received the natural precipitation of 2005 (129 mm), whereas W was additionally watered after the precipitation data of 1998 (in total 427 mm). In the 3-hour resolution, we determined nitrous oxide (N_2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes at both plots between May and September 2005, using a fully automated, chamber-based measuring system. N_2O fluxes in the steppe were very low, with mean emissions (±s.e.) of 0.9±0.5 and 0.7±0.5 μg N m~(-2) h~(-1) at W and UW, respectively. The steppe soil always served as a CH4 sink, with mean fluxes of ~(~(-2))4.1±3.9 and -31.1±5.3 μg C m~(-2) h~(-1) at W and UW. Nighttime mean CO2 emissions were 82.6±8.7 and 26.3±1.7 mg C m~(~(-2)) h~(~(-1)) at W and UW, respectively, coinciding with an almost doubled aboveground plant biomass at W. Our results indicate that the ecosystem CO2 respiration responded sensitively to increased water input during the vegetation period, whereas the effects on CH4 and N_2O fluxes were weak, most likely due to the high evapotranspiration and the lack of substrate for N_2O producing processes. Based on our results, we hypothesize that with the gradual increase of summertime precipitation in Inner Mongolia, ecosystem CO2 respiration will be enhanced and CH4 uptake by the steppe soils will be lightly inhibited.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of α,α,β,β-5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin

The title compound,α,α,β,β-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin,has been obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a = 31.804(6),b = 19.314(4),c = 12.872(3)A,β = 90.592(3)°,Z = 4,V = 7907(3)A~3,D_c = 1.193 g/cm3,Mr = 1419.67,λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 A,μ = 0.073 mm-1,F(000) = 2984,R = 0.0773 and wR = 0.2045.The crystallographic analysis indicates the existence of N-H···π intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonds which link the complex molecules into a 3D network structure.
Impact of Gully on Soil Moisture of Shrubland in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau

The most serious erosion on the Loess Plateau of China exists in the wind-water erosion crisscross region where the annual precipitation is about 400 mm, the ecological environment is very fragile, and water is the key limiting factor for improving the environment. In this study, changes of soil moisture content for Caragana korshinskii Kom. shrubland in the gully bank of the Loess Plateau were studied using the methods of soil sampling and neutron probe. A typical gully (75 m long, 28 m wide, and 10 m deep) was selected, and six neutron probe access tubes (6 m long) were installed at points 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 cm from the gully border for obtaining soil moisture data from July to October 2004 at approximately 10 d intervals. Soil samplings were simultaneously carried out for moisture determination at the six points. Results showed that the soil moisture of the shrubland in the gully bank significantly varied between 300 and 400 cm in the horizontal direction and up to 600 cm in vertical direction of the gully. Seasonal changes in soil moisture revealed a curve with a single peak that occurred at the end of August or early September. A linear regression equation was fit for soil water storage and the distance from the gully border, with coefficients depending on rainfall characteristics, sampling point, and time of measurement.
Soil Microbial Community Structure in Diverse Land Use Systems: A Comparative Study Using Biolog, DGGE, and PLFA Analyses

Biolog, 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses were used to assess soil microbial community characteristics in a chronosequence of tea garden systems (8-, 50-, and 90 year-old tea gardens), an adjacent wasteland, and a 90-year-old forest. Biolog analysis showed that the average well color development (AWCD) of all carbon sources and the functional diversity based on the Shannon index decreased (P < 0.05) in the following order: wasteland > forest > tea garden. For the DGGE analysis, the genetic diversity based on the Shannon index was significantly lower in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland. However, compared to the 90-year-old forest, the tea garden soils showed significantly higher genetic diversity. PLFA analysis showed that the ratio of Gram positive bacteria to Gram negative bacteria was significantly higher in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland, and the highest value was found in the 90-year-old forest. Both the fungal PLFA and the ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly higher in the three tea garden soils than in the wasteland and forest, indicating that fungal PLFA was significantly affected by land-use change. Based on cluster analysis of the soil microbial community structure, all three analytical methods showed that land-use change had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than tea garden age.
Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in a Black Soil as Affected by Long-Term Fertilization

Black soil (Mollisol) is one of the main soil types in northeastern China. Biolog and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methods were used to examine the influence of various fertilizer combinations on the structure and function of the bacterial community in a black soil collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Biolog results showed that substrate richness and catabolic diversity of the soil bacterial community were the greatest in the chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer+manure treatments. The metabolic ability of the bacterial community in the manure treatment was similar to the control. DGGE fingerprinting indicated similarity in the distribution of most 16S rDNA bands among all treatments, suggesting that microorganisms with those bands were stable and not influenced by fertilization. However, chemical fertilizer increased the diversity of soil bacterial community. Principal component analysis of Biolog and DGGE data revealed that the structure and function of the bacterial community were similar in the control and manure treatments, suggesting that the application of manure increased the soil microbial population, but had no effect on the bacterial community structure. Catabolic function was similar in the chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer+manure treatments, but the composition structure of the soil microbes differed between them. The use of chemical fertilizers could result in a decline in the catabolic activity of fast-growing or eutrophic bacteria.
Langevin study of neutron emission in the reactions ~(16)O+~(181)Ta and ~(19)F+~(178)Hf

The pre-scission neutrons measured in the reactions ~(16)O+~(181)Ta and ~(19)F+~(178)Hf are studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model. We find that because of the mass asymmetry of different entrance channels, the spin distributions of compound nuclei would be different, consequently, the measured neutrons in these two reactions would also different. This means that the entrance channel will affect the particle emission in the fission process of hot nuclei.