mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
北京市红十字血液中心信息化升级实施及应用

1背景1.1软件现状北京市红十字血液中心承担着向首都近300家医院提供医疗和急救用血的任务,全年采供血量超过100吨,每年接待35万人次以上献血者,承担着为献血者提供优质服务的业务任务,这些业务工作的开展离不开信息化系统建设的强大支持,信息化管理是提高血站科学管理水平、提升服务质量和效率的有力手段。当前北京市红十字血液中心有血液管理信息系统、实验室检验系统、移动外采管理系统、招募系统、呼叫中心、首都义务献血服务网站、短信平台等子系统,这些业务系统要求运行稳定、高效和很高的可用性。
应急供血保障体系建设策略在“11 ? 22”事故中的成效

对青岛市近几年应急供血保障建设相关方案、措施及其在处理“11 ·22”事故中的成效进行汇总分析。总结出突发事件应急供血保障建设的主要策略及其在“11 ?22”事故中取得成效。探讨科学合理的应急供血保障体系建设策略,以期为我国突发事件应急供血处置提供理论和实践依据。
Precise determination of fundamental parameters of six exoplanet host stars and their planets

The aim of this paper is to determinate the fundamental parameters of six exoplanet host(EH) stars and their planets. Because techniques for detecting exoplanets yield properties of the planet only as a function of the properties of the host star, we must accurately determine the parameters of the EH stars first. For this reason, we constructed a grid of stellar models including diffusion and rotation-induced extra-mixing with given ranges of input parameters(i.e. mass, metallicity and initial rotation rate). In addition to the commonly used observational constraints such as the effective temperature T_(eff), luminosity L and metallicity [Fe/H], we added two observational constraints, the lithium abundance log N(Li) and the rotational period P_(rot).These two additional observed parameters can set further constraints on the model due to their correlations with mass, age and other stellar properties. Hence, our estimations of the fundamental parameters for these EH stars and their planets have a higher precision than previous works. Therefore, the combination of rotational period and lithium helps us to obtain more accurate parameters for stars, leading to an improvement in knowledge about the physical state of EH stars and their planets.
Pharmacogenomics of Cisplatin Sensitivity in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, has been used for over 30 years in a wide variety of cancers with varying degrees of success. In particular, cisplatin has been used to treat late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the standard of care. However, therapeutic outcomes vary from patient to patient. Considerable efforts have been invested to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict cisplatin sensitivity in NSCLC. Here we reviewed current evidence for cisplatin sensitivity biomarkers in NSCLC. We focused on several key pathways, including nucleotide excision repair, drug transport and metabolism. Both expression and germline DNA variation were evaluated in these key pathways. Current evidence suggests that cisplatin-based treatment could be improved by the use of these biomarkers.
以眼部转移为首诊的乳腺癌1例报道

乳腺癌眼眶转移的发生率较低为8%~10%,且仅有3%~10%的患者以眼部症状为首诊。因其症状缺乏特异性易误诊漏诊。现报道1例以眼眶转移为首发症状的乳腺癌病例。
第2胎抗HPA-3a抗体可使新生儿同种免疫血小板减少症患儿病情加重

目的观察1例第2胎抗HPA-3a抗体致新生儿同种免疫血小板减少症(NAIT)患儿的病情与治疗情况。方法观察患儿症状和体征,并记录血小板(PLT);筛查并鉴定患儿及其母亲血清中血小板特异性抗体;检测患儿及其父母HPA-1~21bw系统基因分型;监测患儿体内抗体效价波动情况并筛选配合性血小板给予输注治疗。结果患儿出生后15 min内出现瘀斑、皮下出血点,脑部B超提示左侧室管膜下出血。患儿及母亲血清中均含与患儿父亲血小板反应的特异性抗体,经鉴定为抗HPA-3a抗体。HPA-1~21bw系统基因分析显示患儿与其父母HPA-3不相容:母亲为HPA-3bb、父亲为HPA-3aa、患儿为HPA-3ab。患儿共输注了4次相容血小板(HPA-3bb),并给予静脉输注γ球蛋白及类固醇激素治疗,于出生后第29天PLT恢复正常后出院。结论第2胎抗HPA-3a抗体致NAIT患儿经对症治疗及输血治疗PLT恢复正常后出院,但临床表现及诊治过程较该产妇上一个患儿严重及复杂。
Mapping sea surface velocities in the Changjiang coastal zone with advanced synthetic aperture radar

Range Doppler velocities derived from the Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) wide swath images are analyzed and assessed against the numerically simulated surface current fields derived from the finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) for the Changjiang Estuary. Comparisons with the FVCOM simulations show that the European Space Agency (ESA) Envisat ASAR based Doppler shift anomaly retrievals have the capability to capture quantitative information of the surface currents in the Changjiang Estuary. The uncertainty analysis of the ASAR range Doppler velocity estimates are discussed with regard to the azimuthal and range bias corrections, radar incidence angles, inaccuracy in the wind field corrections and the presence of rain cells.The corrected range Doppler velocities for the Changjiang Estuary area are highly valuable as they exhibit quantitative expressions related to the multiscale upper layer dynamics and surface current variability around the East China Sea, including the Changjiang Estuary.
An estimation of nutrient fluxes to the East China Sea continental shelf from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters in summer

According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991-2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate (PO_4-P), silicate (SiO_3-Si) and nitrate (NO_3-N) fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density (i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section) of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.
The study on seasonal characteristics of water masses in the western East China Sea shelf area

On the basis of the CTD data and the modeling results in the winter and summer of 2009, the seasonal characteristics of the water masses in the western East China Sea shelf area were analyzed using a cluster analysis method. The results show that the distributions and temperature-salinity characteristics of the water masses in the study area are of distinct seasonal difference. In the western East China Sea shelf area, there are three water masses during winter, i.e., continental coastal water (CCW), Taiwan Warm Current surface water (TWCSW) and Yellow Sea mixing water (YSMW), but four ones during summer, i.e., the CCW, the TWCSW, Taiwan Warm Current deep water (TWCDW) and the YSMW. Of all, the CCW, the TWCSW and the TWCDW are all dominant water masses. The CCW, primarily characterized by a low salinity, has lower temperature, higher salinity and smaller spatial extent in winter than in summer. The TWCSW is warmer, fresher and smaller in summer than in winter, and it originates mostly from the Kuroshio surface water (KSW) northeast of Taiwan, China and less from the Taiwan Strait water during winter, but it consists of the strait water and the KSW during summer. The TWCDW is characterized by a low temperature and a high salinity, and originates completely in the Kuroshio subsurface water northeast of Taiwan.
内镜辅助下血肿清除加去骨瓣减压术治疗重症高血压基底节脑出血的疗效

重症高血压脑出血常见的发病部位为基底节区。是比较凶险的急症,病程进展快、血肿大,短时间内可发生脑疝。采用何种手术方式,既能有效地清除血肿,又能尽可能地减少手术创伤,一直是神经外科医师关注的热点。近年来尽管显微神经外科有了长足的发展,但当血肿量较大时,由于不能清楚地观察到血肿腔的每个角落,仍未能解决重症脑出血时血肿残留的问题。随着微侵袭手术概念的提出,神经内镜由于光源充足、可直视的特点,已逐渐受到关注。本文采用神经内镜辅助下显微外科手术治疗重症高血压基底节脑出血观察临床疗效。
补肾活血方对H_2O_2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨补肾活血方对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用H_2O_2诱导损伤的方法,建立神经细胞氧化损伤体外模型。MTT法测定细胞存活率,电镜观察细胞的超微结构,ELISA法检测SOR的含量及CAT、GSH、GPx-1等抗氧化酶的活力;Western印迹检测HO-1、CAT、GPx-1、Caspase-3的蛋白;RT-PCR检测HO-1、CAT、GPx-1的mRNA。结果H_2O_2处理的PC12细胞存活率降低;细胞的形态发生改变;SOR含量明显升高,CAT、GSH、GPx-1活力明显降低;HO-1、CAT、GPx-1蛋白、mRNA表达降低,Caspase-3蛋白表达升高;以上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。补肾活血方水提液、醇提液处理细胞后可显著提高细胞的存活率;细胞形态基本正常;SOR的含量降低,CAT、GSH、GPx-1水平升高; HO-1、CAT、GPx-1蛋白、mRNA表达升高,Caspase-3蛋白表达降低,以醇提组较为明显;以上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论补肾活血方可通过提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性来改善PC12细胞H_2O_2损伤。
不同午睡状况下夜间睡眠时长与2型糖尿病的关系

目的探讨不同午睡情况下夜间睡眠时长与2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病的关系。方法采用病例对照研究法。病例为2009年9月至2011年3月收集的新发T2DM患者,年龄40~78岁。对照为同期住院非糖尿病(DM)患者,年龄与患者相同。以1∶1匹配。病例与对照各348例,采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行访谈式问卷调查。采用分级分析χ~2检验计算出不同睡眠时长组与7 h/晚组的关系,采用多元条件Logistic回归分析计算各组OR值和95%CI。 结果与睡眠7 h/晚组相比,全部研究对象中,夜睡≤5 h/晚组和>8 h/组与T2DM相关性强于其他组(OR_(≤5 h/晚)=5.615,95%CI 1.689~ 18.665;OR_(>8 h/晚)=2.387,95%CI:1.609~3.542),睡眠不足强于睡眠过长组。不午睡群体中,趋势与上述相同〔(OR_(≤5 h/晚)=6.500,95%CI:1.127~37.484);(OR_(>8 h/晚)=6.356,95%CI:1.749~23.098)〕。午睡群体中仅夜间睡眠>8 h/晚组差异有统计学意义(P=0.001,OR_(>8 h/晚)= 2.042,95%CI:1.336~3.119)。结论夜间睡眠时间过短(≤5/晚,6 h/晚)或过长(>8 h/晚)均可增加T2DM的发病风险,夜间睡眠时长与T2DM发病呈U型关系,睡眠不足相对睡眠过长危害更大,不午睡群体这种趋势更明显;午睡群体,夜睡时间过长(>8 h/晚)增加T2DM发病风险,睡眠不足及正常者差异不明显。
静脉输注硝酸酯类药物对输液侧指尖血糖的影响

目的探讨输注硝酸酯类扩血管药物时,输液侧与非输液侧指尖血糖是否存在差异。方法选择40例静脉输注硝酸酯类药物治疗的不稳定性心绞痛并存糖尿病患者,分别检测输液侧和非输液侧指尖血糖。结果输液侧与非输液侧指尖血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论外周静脉输注硝酸酯类扩血管药物时,输液侧与非输液侧指尖血糖检测结果无差异。
氧化苦参碱抑制异丙肾上腺素诱导心衰大鼠心肌肥厚及对血清 ET-1及NO 的影响

目的探讨氧化苦参碱抑制异丙肾上腺素(ISO)致心力衰竭大鼠心肌肥厚及其对血清内皮素(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)表达的影响。方法雄性 SD 大鼠,连续7 d 皮下注射5 mg /(kg · d)ISO 诱发大鼠心力衰竭。氧化苦参碱(100和50 mg / kg)于 ISO 注射前7 d 灌胃给药,共计14 d。第14天末次给药24h后,乌拉坦麻醉大鼠行颈动脉取血并开胸摘取心脏。检测血清学指标、全心质量与体质量比值(HW / BW)、左心室质量与体质量比值(LVW / BW)和心肌组织 NO 水平并观察心肌组织病理改变。采用 Western Blot 方法检测心肌 eNOS 的蛋白表达。结果氧化苦参碱(100和50 mg / kg)可分别降低 ISO 诱导的心力衰竭大鼠 HW / BW 及 LVW / BW(mg / g)(P <0. 01),改善心肌肥厚和心肌组织病理变化;降低血清内皮素(ET-1)水平(P <0. 01),升高心肌组织NO 水平(P <0. 01);增加 eNOS 蛋白表达(P <0. 01),但对升高的血清 NO 水平无显著影响。结论氧化苦参碱抑制 ISO 致心力衰竭大鼠心肌肥厚的机制与其减少血清 ET-1生成,增加心肌 NO 水平和上调 eNOS表达有关。
基于近红外光谱和多维谱效研究中药产地加工 “ 发汗 ”

利用近红外光谱技术快速鉴别中药材 “发汗 ” 与否,采用多维谱效关系阐明药材 “发汗 ” 的物质基础,为中药产地加工——— “发汗” 机理的研究提供了新的思路与方法,为制定规范合理的药材产地加工技术标准提供科学依据。
居家养老服务利用研究进展

居家养老能降低照料成本，提高老年人的生活质量，更重要的是更能符合老年人的心理和情感需求。因此，许多国家都在致力于建立一个完善的居家养老服务体系。本文综述了居家养老服务利用时常用的理论模型、研究方法和主要研究结论。
椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效对比

骨质疏松导致老年人骨组织的力学强度下降，在遭受轻微外力或者甚至无明显外伤的情况下，就可能发生椎体压缩骨折。此类骨折的治疗，切开手术往往因老年人全身情况差、基础疾病多、骨质疏松内固定易失效而受到限制，只能采用传统的保守治疗方法，如严格卧床休息防止椎体塌陷、口服止痛药物、腰围保护等，但是卧床休息导致失用性骨质疏松，加速骨质脱钙，形成恶性循环。作为微创技术，椎体成形术(VP)和后凸成形术(PKP)可起到迅速止痛和稳定脊柱力学结构的作用，打破恶性循环，患者可早期下床活动，有利于脊柱功能恢复。本文对比PKP和VP治疗老年性骨质疏松性单椎体压缩骨折患者临床疗效和安全性。
pcIL-18-MAGE-l共表达基因疫苗对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、Hepal-6增殖的影响

目的观察pcIL-18-MAGE-l共表达基因疫苗接种小鼠所引起的免疫应答情况以及对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、Hepal-6增殖抑制情况,探究pcIL-18-MAGE-l共表达基因疫苗抗肿瘤作用。方法用pcIL-18-MAGE-l基因疫苗免疫小鼠，同时设空白对照组和阴性对照组，免疫后收集脾细胞作为效应细胞，分别作用于靶细胞即肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、Hepal-6。应用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测小鼠T细胞亚群情况及自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性，MTT法检测肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)对靶细胞的杀伤作用。结果与对照组比较，共表达pcIL-18-MAGE-l基因疫苗对靶细胞均有明显的杀伤作用(P<0. 01 )；对SMMC-7721细胞杀伤作用高于Hepal-6细胞(P<0. 05 )。免疫组CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8!~+均高于阴性对照组(P<0. 05)。结论pcIL-18-MAGE-l共表达基因疫苗通过同时激活CD4~+T细胞及CD8~+T细胞、增加NK细胞活性及诱导肿瘤特异性CTL直接杀伤肿瘤细胞，发挥抗肿瘤作用。
不同血液透析方法对老年维持性血液透析患者体内微炎症和营养不良状态的影响

目的探讨不同血液透析方法对老年维持性血液透析患者体内微炎症和营养不良状态的影响。方法选择老年维持性血液透析患者100例，随机分为高通量血液透析组和低通量血液透析组，测定和比较两组治疗前后的血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞容积(Hct)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)，C反应蛋白(CRP)，铁蛋白(SF)，测定患者肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂围(AC)、上臂肌围(AMC)，测量身高、体重，计算体重指数(BMI)等值，观察治疗前后效果。结果维持性血液透析患者平均C反应蛋白为(8.82±4.21)mg/L(正常值0~6 mg/L），其中>6 mg/L 68例；<6 mg/L 2例；高通量患者AC、AMC、BMI、SF、PA、25-(OH)VitD等指标与低通量患者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05);高通量患者TSF、Hb、Scr、BUN、Alb、TC、TG、CRP、ALB、B2-MG、AGEs、IL-6等指标与低通量患者比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05 )；高通量患者Hb, Hct, Alb, BUN, Scr, TC,TG均显著高于低通量组患者，而CRP水平显著低于年轻组患者，SF二者没有区别。CRP与Hb、Hct、Alb、TSF、AC、AMC、BMI呈显著负相关(r=-0.414，P<0，01；r=-0.367，P<0.01；r= -0. 154，P<0. 05 ），与TC、TG不相关。结论尿毒症维持性血液透析患者CRP水平可反映患者营养不良及感染的状态，CRP与营养不良和贫血指标呈负相关。
Value of ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in diagnosing primary endometrial small cell carcinoma

Primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a group of aggressive neoplasms that mainly arise from the lung and digestive tract. Endometrial small cell carcinoma (ESCC) is extremely rare. To our knowledge, less than 90 cases have been reported, and most of these reports were dedicated to describing the clinicopathologic or immunochemical features of ESCC. Herein, we present a new case of ESCC involving a 51-year-old woman and mainly focus on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings. MRI showed that the uterus was significantly enlarged (11.6 cm x 11.1 cm x 14.4 cm), and a giant irregular mass (7.5 cm x 8.4 cm x 8.5 cm) was observed in the uterine cavity. The lesion demonstrated an extremely low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value [(0.553±0.088)×l0~(-3) mm~2/s] and a high FDG uptake value (22.7). Multiple metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) were identified at different positions, with diameters ranging from 0.3 to 2.8 cm and a maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_(max)) ranging from 6.9 to 19.3.
The effects of the identity of shrub species on the distribution and diversity of ground arthropods in a sandy desert ecosystem of northwestern China

Shrub is an important factor on structuring ground arthropod communities in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and their species influence ground arthropod distribution patterns in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, the ground arthropods were sampled with pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn. At the community level, total arthropod abundance was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare areas in spring; similar patterns occurred in terms of the richness of arthropod groups in the spring and over three seasons, suggesting season-specific shrub presence effects on arthropod activity. In addition, more arthropods were found under N. sphaerocarpa shrubs than under C. mongolicum shrubs in autumn, suggesting season-specific effects of shrub species of arthropod activity, whereas more arthropods taxa were captured under C. mongolicum than N. sphaerocarpa. At the trophic group level, the abundances of predator and herbivore arthropods were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas herbivore arthropods were more abundant under N. sphaerocarpa than C. mongolicum, and an opposite rule was detected for predator arthropods. At the family level, the mean abundances of Carabidae, Curculionidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae were significantly higher in the shrub microhabitats than in the intershrub bare habitat, there was no significant difference between habitats on the mean abundances of Formicidae and Tenebrionidae. The study results suggested that shrub presence and shrub species variation are important determinants of ground arthropod assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of arthropods differed among trophic and taxonomic groups.
Synergistic actions of olomoucine and bone morphogenetic protein-4 in axonal repair after acute spinal cord contusion

To determine whether olomoucine acts synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein-4 in the treatment of spinal cord injury, we established a rat model of acute spinal cord contusion by impacting the spinal cord at the T8 vertebra. We injected a suspension of astrocytes derived from glial-restricted precursor cells exposed to bone morphogenetic protein-4 (GDAs~(BMP)) into the spinal cord around the site of the injury, and/or olomoucine intraperitoneally. Olomoucine effectively inhibited astrocyte proliferation and the formation of scar tissue at the injury site, but did not prevent proliferation of GDAs~(BMP) or inhibit their effects in reducing the spinal cord lesion cavity. Furthermore, while GDAs~(BMP) and olomoucine independently resulted in small improvements in locomotor function in injured rats, combined administration of both treatments had a significantly greater effect on the restoration of motor function. These data indicate that the combined use of olomoucine and GDAs~(BMP) creates a better environment for nerve regeneration than the use of either treatment alone, and contributes to spinal cord repair after injury.
Tunable frequency upconversion based on a directly modulated DFB-LD and FP-LD injection

We show a simple,convenient,and cost-effective scheme for tunable frequency upconversion at millimeterwave band without a local oscillator. By launching a 2.5-Gb/s directly modulated baseband signal into a Fabry–Perot laser diode(FP-LD),the mode of the FP-LD is locked by the high-order sideband of the injected signal. The beating frequency of the injection-locked mode and the injected signal can generate upconversion subcarriers. In our experiment,tunable frequency subcarriers of 28.4,29.3,and 30.5 GHz are obtained without any radio-frequency local oscillator. The single sideband phase noises of-83.88,-76.36,and-78.54 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz(at 28.4-,29.3-,and 30.5-GHz subcarriers,respectively) are shown. The proposed scheme has potential to generate much higher frequency carriers.
Linear polarization characteristics for terrain identification at millimeter wave band

We experimentally research linear polarization characteristics of various terrains at millimeter wave band for image interpretation. We measure and discuss the polarization phenomena,and consider as well the incident angle which also affects terrain radiometric temperature. An economic single-channel radiometer is used in measurements,and changes to the linear polarization are produced by manually rotating its waveguide. We demonstrate that the characteristic in polarization is a decisive advantage of terrain identification in ways beyond that which can be achieved using an intensity radiometer alone.
Propagation characteristics of biphotons in cold atomic vapor

We investigate the propagation characteristics of the narrowband Stokes/anti-Stokes photons in cold atomic vapor. The four-wave mixing process results from parametric amplification of the anti-Stokes photons. We find that the process of parametric amplification is very similar to the light pulse propagating through an anomalous dispersion gain medium. Finally,we obtain the general solutions of the Glauber biphoton correlation functions,which are in good agreement with the experiment results.
澳大利亚Danielle Mazza教授全科医疗案例分析--尿失禁

面对妇女健康领域的诸多问题,全科医生需要学习并掌握全面的、最新的妇女保健知识。澳大利亚Monash大学医学、护理和卫生科学部全科医学系主任丹尼尔·马扎(Danielle Mazza)教授为我们提供了一本很实用的学习用书,其主编的《Women's Health in General Practice》,涵盖了从少女至更年期妇女的整个生命周期中可能遇到的所有问题,包括月经问题、避孕、流产、不孕不育、孕前及产后保健、乳腺疾病、泌尿系疾病以及家庭暴力等。本书以病例解析的形式详细阐述了全科医生是如何对上述疾病进行诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗、评估和管理的。为方便广大全科医生学习,中国全科医学杂志社委托海淀区妇幼保健院对此书进行了翻译,其中文版《全科医学之妇女保健》现已在国内出版发行,并受到了全科医生的广泛关注和认可。本刊对该书中的部分病例进行了整理并陆续刊出,以供国内全科医生借鉴,使其在全科医疗中为来诊者提供具有最新证据支持的高质量的保健咨询服务。更多案例分析详见本刊网站(http://www. chinagp. net)“期刊检索---电子期刊”版块。
澳大利亚Danielle Mazza教授全科医疗案例分析--尿路感染

蔓越莓果汁预防或治疗尿路感染的有效性如何?一项Cochrane 回顾性研究发现蔓越莓产品相对于安慰剂或对照组在12个月内显著减少了尿路感染的发生〔RR = 0. 65,95% CI (0. 46,0. 90) 〕。与其他组相比,其能更有效地减少复发性尿路感染女性患者症状的出现。
脑微出血患者的抗栓治疗:一个两难选择

对脑微出血的认识始于20世纪90年代核磁共振梯度回波 T_2* (Gradient recall echo T_2*,GRE T_2*)序列的应用。在GRE T_2*及后续开发的磁敏感加权序列的脑部影像中经常可以发现一种小圆形、均匀一致的低信号改变,尸检资料证实陈旧性出血是这种影像改变的病理基础,局部沉积的含铁血黄素产生顺磁性效应,使病变局部呈现低信号。除信号特征外,脑微出血的定义中强调出血灶的“微小”特征,但并无公认一致的界定标准,病灶最大径<5、< 7及<10 mm是3种比较常用的标准。随着GRE T_2*和磁敏感加权成像日益广泛地得到应用,脑微出血也成为近年来脑血管病领域的研究热点,相关研究涉及脑微出血的发生率、危险因素和临床意义等多个方面。其中脑微出血对抗栓治疗安全性的影响是关注的焦点之一。
肾腹横截面积比值在胎儿肾超声评估中的应用

目前,国内对胎儿肾发育的超声评估多凭借经验或半定量测量,虽然已有学者对胎肾长径、厚径、体积等参数进行了定量研究,但此类指标在整个妊娠期变化较大,以此评价胎肾发育,方法复杂、记忆量大,较难推广。本项目组的前期研究证实,肾腹横截面积比值(KA/AA)是一种更为理想且便于应用的胎肾超声评估指标,并推荐了KA/AA的正常参考值范围。本研究在此基础上进一步将一些常见胎肾疾患纳入研究范围,对其KA/AA的分布情况进行了回顾性统计学分析,旨在评估新指标KA/AA在临床应用中的价值。
3D腔镜在食管癌手术治疗中的应用

随着微创外科的发展,腔镜下食管癌切除技术已日趋成熟。近来,3D(Three Dimensions)腔镜技术开始逐渐应用于临床。2013年10月至2013年11月,我科选择临床分期在T_3N_1M_0以下的6例患者,采用KARL STOROZ 3D腔镜在侧俯卧位下行食管根治切除术,现总结报道如下。
连续正中神经阻滞预防多条屈指肌腱吻合术后粘连

目的评价连续正中神经阻滞在多条屈指肌腱吻合术后镇痛及早期康复训练中的作用。方法2006年1月至2013年8月,收治多条屈指肌腱断裂吻合术患者84例,根据入院顺序随机分为两组:神经阻滞组42例术后连续正中神经阻滞镇痛,静脉镇痛组42例术后静脉自控镇痛。比较两组术后不同时间点VAS疼痛评分、不良反应发生率、术后肌腱功能评价、高频超声肌腱组织学评价。结果神经阻滞组患者术后6、12、24、48、72、96 h的VAS评分明显低于静脉镇痛组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率低,术后肌腱粘连发生率,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高频超声评价神经阻滞组肌腱粘连轻。结论连续正中神经阻滞镇痛效果良好,是多根屈指肌腱吻合术后较为理想的镇痛方法,有利于患者早期功能锻炼,减少肌腱粘连并发症的发生。
改良掌背动脉筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

2011年5月至2012年9月,我科对手指中、末节皮肤缺损的患者采用改良掌背动脉筋膜蒂皮瓣修复15例,并行3~9个月随访,效果满意,现报道如下。
指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣推进修复指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣供区创面

目的探讨应用指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣向前推进修复指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣指根部供区的手术方法及其临床效果。方法对20例指端缺损的患者,在指根部切取指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复,指根部供区创面设计指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣V-Y推进修复。切取指动脉岛状皮瓣面积1.2 cm×2.0 cm~1.8 cm×2.5 cm,切取指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣面积1.2 cm×2.0 cm~1.5 cm×2.5 cm。结果术后创区及供区共计40块皮瓣全部成活,创面一期愈合。随访3~28个月,平均14.6个月,皮瓣质地柔软,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣两点辨别觉为6~8 mm,指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣两点辨别觉7~9 mm,指蹼无挛缩,最大外展角35°~45°,与健侧相近。结论指蹼穿支蒂皮瓣血供恒定,操作简便,创伤小,是修复指根部逆行岛状皮瓣供区较理想办法之一。
历史长河中的一滴水(2)

两年前我在本刊写过一篇题为《历史长河中的一滴水》的短文。尽管时光飞逝,我心中的一个谜团一直没有解开过:在过去的30多年中,我隐隐约约地听人说过:当年向邓小平同志提出恢复77年高考的就是我们电池行业内知名度极高的查全性院士,我曾多次委托查院士身边、我所熟悉的武汉大学的老师们向他约稿,请查院士谈谈这些往事,可惜都被婉言谢绝了。
Temperature effect on buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube subjected to axial compression

This paper seeks to outline the temperature effect on the buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube (LCCT) subjected to axial compression. The buckling tests of the LCCT specimens subjected to axial compression were carried out on INSTRON-500N servo-hydraulic machine in dry state and at the temperatures of 25 °C, 100 °C and -80 °C. The load–displacement curves and buckling initiation loads were measured and the buckling initiation mechanism was discussed from experimental observations. Experiments show that the buckling initiation load, on average, is only about 2.2% greater at the low temperature of -80 °C than at the room temperature of 25 °C due to the material hardening, demonstrating an insignificant increase in the buckling initiation load, whereas it is about 19.5% lower at the high temperature of 100 °C than at the room temperature owing to the material softening, implying a significant decrease in the buckling initiation load. The failure mode of the LCCT in axial compression tests at three different temperatures can be reckoned to be characteristic of the buckling initiation and propagation around the central region until rupture. The finite element (FE) model is presented to simulate the buckling initiation mechanism based on the eigenvalue-based methodology. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.
Experiment on Wear Behavior of High Pressure Gas Seal Faces

Current researches show that mechanical deformation of seal ring face makes fluid film clearance decrease at high pressure side, thus a divergent clearance is formed and face wear occurs more seriously at the high pressure side than that on the low pressure side. However, there is still lack of published experimental works enough to prove the theoretical results. In this paper, a spiral groove dry gas seal at high pressures is experimentally investigated so as to prove the face wear happened at the high pressure side of seal faces due to the face mechanical deformation, and the wear behavior affected by seal ring structure is also studied. The experimental results show that face wear would occur at the high pressure side of seal faces due to the deformation, thus the leakage and face temperature increase, which all satisfies the theoretical predictions. When sealed pressure is not less than 5 MPa, the pressure can provide enough opening force to separate the seal faces. The seal ring sizes have obvious influence on face wear. Face wear, leakage and face temperature of a dry gas seal with the smaller cross sectional area of seal ring are less than that of a dry gas seal with bigger one, and the difference of leakage rate between these two sizes of seal face width is in the range of 24%-25%. Compared with the effect of seal ring sizes, the effect of secondary O-ring seal position on face deformation and face wear is less. The differences between these two types of dry gas seals with different secondary O-ring seal positions are less than 5.9% when the rotational speed varies from 0 to 600 r/min. By linking face wear and sealing performance changes to the shift in mechanical deformation of seal ring, this research presents an important experimental method to study face deformation of a dry gas seal at high pressures.