mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Functional Rehabilitation of the "Soil Reservoir" in Degraded Soils to Control Floods in the Yangtze River Watershed

The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a "soil reservoir" concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River.A "soil reservoir" has a large potential storage capacity and its water can be rapidly "discharged" into the underground water in a timely fashion. The eroded, infertile soils of the Yangtze River Watershed are currently an obstacle to efficient operation of the "soil reservoir". The storage capacity of this "soil reservoir"has been severely hampered due to intensive soil erosion and the formation of soil crusts. Therefore, possible measures to control floods in the Yangtze River Watershed include: rehabilitating the vegetation to preserve soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, enhancing infiltration of the different soil types, and utilizing the large "soil reservoir" of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
RS AND GIS-BASED FOREST FIRE RISK ZONE MAPPING IN DA HINGGAN MOUNTAINS

The Da Hinggan Mountains is one of the most important forest areas in China,but forest fire there is also of high frequency.So it is completely necessary to map forest fire risk zones in order to effectively manage and protect the forest resources.Two forest farms of Tuqiang Forest Bureau (53°34′-52°15′N,124°05′- 122°18′E) were chosen as typical areas in this study.Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) play a vital role and can be used effectively to obtain and combine different forest-fire-causing factors for demarcating the forest fire risk zone map.Forest fire risk zones were described by assigning subjective weights to the classes of all the coverage layers according to their sensitivity to fire,using the ARC/INFO GIS software.Four classes of forest fire risk ranging from low to extremely high were generated automatically in ARC/INFO.The results showed that about 60.33% of the study area were predicted to be upper moderate risk zones,indicating that the forest fire management task in this area is super onerous.The RS and GIS-based forest fire risk model of the study area was found to be highly compatible with the actual fire-affected sites in 1987.Therefore the forest fire risk zone map can be used for guidance of forest fire management,and as basis for fire prevention strategies.
Stochastic modeling of daily precipitation in China

A stochastic model for daily precipitation simulation in China was developed based on the framework of a ′Richardson-type′ weather generator that is an important tool in studying impacts of weather/climate on a variety of systems including ecosystem and risk assessment. The purpose of this work is to develop a weather generator for applications in China. The focus is on precipitation simulation since determination of other weather variables such as temperature is dependent on precipitation simulation. A framework of first order Markov Chain with Gamma Distribution for daily precipitation is adopted in this work. Based on this framework, four parameters of precipitation simulation for each month at 672 stations all over China were determined using daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2000. Compared with previous works, our estimation for the parameters was made for more stations and longer observations, which makes the weather generator more applicable and reliable. Spatial distributions of the four parameters are analyzed in a regional climate context. The seasonal variations of these parameters at five stations representing regional differences are discussed.Based on the estimated monthly parameters at 672 stations, daily precipitations for any period can be simulated. A 30-year simulation was made and compared with observations during 1971-2000 in terms of annual and monthly statistics. The results are satisfactory, which demonstrates the usefulness of the weather generator.
Studies on frozen ground of China

Permafrost in China includes high latitude permafrost in northeastern China, alpine permafrost in northwestern China and high plateau permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau. The high altitude permafrost is about 92% of the total permafrost area in China. The south boundary or lower limit of the seasonally frozen ground is defined in accordance with the 0 ℃ isothermal line of mean air temperature in January, which is roughly corresponding to the line extending from the Qinling Mountains to the Huaihe River in the east and to the southeast boundary of the Tibetan Plateau in the west. Seasonal frozen ground occurs in large parts of the territory in northern China, including Northeast, North, Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau except for permafrost regions, and accounting for about 55% of the land area of China. The southern limit of short-term frozen ground generally swings south and north along the 25° northern latitude line, occurring in the wet and warm subtropic monsoon climatic zone. Its area is less than 20% of the land area of China.
Progress in sandy desertification research of China

Sandy desertification is land degradation characterized by wind erosion mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in northern China. The research on sandy desertification has experienced more than 5 decades of arduous course of the struggle along with the establishment and development of China′s desert science. Researches in this field have made a great contribution to the national economic construction, and environmental protection. This paper focuses on presenting the major progress and achievements in the sandy desertification research during the last 50 years, including the stages of study on sandy desertification,background environment of sandy desertification and its changes, the conception, causes, process,monitoring and assessment of sandy desertification, the vegetation succession, landscape ecology, plant physiology, impacts on ecosystem, high-effective use of water and land resources and sustainable development in sandy desertified regions, sandy desertification control models and techniques etc.
The Characteristics of Climate Change over the Tibetan Plateau in the Last 40 Years and the Detection of Climatic Jumps

Through analyzing the yearly average data obtained from 123 regular meteorological observatories located in the Tibetan Plateau (T-P), this article studies the characteristics of climate change in T-P in the last 40 years. From the distribution of the linear trend, it can be concluded that the southeastern part of T-P becomes warmer and wetter, with an obvious increase of rainfall. The same characteristics arc found in the southwestern part of T-P, but the shift is smaller. In the middle of T-P, temperature and humidity obviously increase with the center of the increase in Bangoin-Amdo. The south of the Tarim Basin also exhibits the same tendency. The reason for this area being humid is that it gets less sunshine and milder wind. The northeastern part of T-P turns warmer and drier. Qaidam Basin and its western and southern areas are the center of this shift, in which the living environment is deteriorating. Analyzing the characteristics of the regional average time series, it can be found that in the mid-1970s, a significant sudden change occurred to annual rainfall, yearly average snow-accumulation days and surface pressure in the eastern part of T-P. In the mid-1980s, another evident climatic jump happened to yearly average temperature, total cloud amount, surface pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration in the same area. That is, in the mid 1980s, the plateau experienced a climatic jump that is featured by the increase of temperature, snow-accumulation days, relative humidity, surface pressure, and by the decrease of sunshine duration and total cloud amount. The sudden climatic change of temperature in T-P is later than that of the global-mean temperature. From this paper it can be seen that in the middle of the 1980s, a climatic jump from warm-dry to warm-wet occurred in T-P.
A Numerical Study of Tropospheric Ozone in the Springtime in East Asia

The Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is applied to East Asia to study the transport and photochemical transformation of tropospheric ozone in March 1998. The calculated mixing ratios of ozone and carbon monoxide are compared with ground level observations at three remote sites in Japan and it is found that the model reproduces the observed features very well. Examination of several high episodes of ozone and carbon monoxide indicates that these elevated levels are found in association with continental outflow,demonstrating the critical role of the rapid transport of carbon monoxide and other ozone precursors from the continental boundary layer. In comparison with available ozonesonde data, it is found that the model-calculated ozone concentrations are generally in good agreement with the measurements, and the stratospheric contribution to surface ozone mixing ratios is quite limited.
Damaging Effect of Cigarette Smoke Extract on Primary Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Its Mechanism

Objective To investigate the cellular effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on primarily cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods The effects of CSE (5%-20%) and nicotine (10-4 mol/L) on HUVEC viability, proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis were observed. Results CSE decreased HUVEC survival rate and angiogenesis after 24 h as well as its proliferation after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE induced apoptosis of HUVEC as indicated in condensation of nuclear chromatin and the presence of hypodiploid DNA. HUVEC incubated with CSE for 24 h gave a significant decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 as well as the decline in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio accompanied with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and excess cytosolic calcium. Our study also observed that p53 protein level decreased, rather than increased in cells treated with CSE. Nicotine had no discernible inhibitory effects on the above indices of HUVEC. Conclusion Exposure to CSE other than nicotine causes inhibition of viability, proliferation and differentiation of HUVEC. CSE-induced HUVEC injury is mediated in part through accelerated apoptosis but independent of p53 pathway. It appears that mitochondria have played a key role in the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by CSE.
Sterilization of Escherichia coli cells by the application of pulsed magnetic field

The inactivation of microorganisms by pulsed magnetic field was studied. It was improved that theapplication of electromagnetic pulses evidently causes a lethal effect on E. coli cells suspended in phosphate buffersolution Na2 HPO4 / NaH2 PO4 (0.334/0.867 mmol/L). Experimental results indicated that the survivability( N/N0; whereN0 and N are the number of cells survived per milliliter before and after electromagnetic pulses application,respectively) of E. coli decreased with magnetic field intensity B and treatment time t. It was also found that themedium temperatures, the frequencies of pulse f, and the initial bacterial cell concentrations have determinateinfluences in destruction of E. coli cells by the application of magnetic pulses. The application of an magneticintensity B = 160 mT at pulses frequency f = 62 kHz and treatment time t = 16 h result in a considerable destructionlevels of E. coli cells ( N/N0 = 10-4 ). Possible mechanisms involved in sterilization of the magnetic field treatmentwere discussed. In order to shorten the treatment time, many groups of parallel inductive coil were used. Thepracticability test showed that the treatment time was shortened to 4 h with the application of three groups of parallelcoil when the survivability of E. coli cells was less than 0.01%; and the power consumption was about 0.2 kWh/m3.
Characterization of a strain of Sphingobacterium sp.and its degradation to herbicide mefenacet

A bacterium(designated strain Y1) degrading acetanilide herbicide mefenacet was isolated from aerobicsludge. Based on the analyses of partial 16S rRNA gene, cellular fatty acid and BIOLOG-GN, and generalphysiological and biochemical characteristics, strain Y1 was identified as Sphingobacterium multivolum. Strain Y1was able to degrade mefenacet used as sources of carbon and energy. Degradation of mefenacet was accompaniedby producing the metabolites N-methylaniline and an unidentified compound with molecular weight 205, indicating ametabolic pathway of mefenacet initiated by hydrolysis of amido bond.
Influence of Chiral Mean Field on Kaon In-plane Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions

The influence of the chiral mean field on the K+ in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the inmedium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the K+ in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization,which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the K+ in-plane flow.
Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared , and characterized by N2adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) techniques. Thecatalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to bea promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxidereforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalystsupported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-termreaction.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE DRIFT-DIFFUSION SEMICONDUCTOR EQUATIONS

This paper is devoted to the long time behavior for the Drift-diffusion semiconductor equations. It is proved that the dynamical system has a compact, connected and maximal attractor when the mobilities are constants and generation-recombination term is the Auger model; as well as the semigroup S(t) defined by the solutions map is differential. Moreover the upper bound of Hausdorff dimension for the attractor is given.
Growth and phosphate uptake kinetics of Microcystis aeruginosa under various environmental conditions

Growth and uptake of exogenous phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa in batch culture under differenttemperature, photoperiod, and turbulence were studied by the method of phosphate isotope tracer. Relatively hightemperature, long photoperiod and strong turbulence increased the cell density of M. aeruginosa in these batchcultures. The initial rapid uptake of phosphate by M. aeruginosa was independent of the temperature, photoperiod,and turbulence. Similarly, maximum exogenous phosphate uptake was not related to these environmental factors.However, elevated temperature and turbulence shortened the time, required to obtain maximum P accumulation.The growth of M. aeruginosa could alleviate the phosphorous leakage. Total amounts of exogenous phosphateuptake to M. aeruginosa and the phosphorus leakage of M. aeruginosa were significantly influenced by the growthstate of M. aeruginosa closely correlated with the environmental factors. The maximum volume of exogenousphosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa was 46% of added exogenous phosphate in water with 16 hours of photoperiod.Thus, total amounts of exogenous phosphate uptake to M. aeruginosa were more strongly affected by thephotoperiod length than temperature and turbulence.
Separation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorus,pyrethroid pesticides by silicagel fractionation chromatography and their simultaneous determination by GC-MS

A silicagel fractionation procedure for environmental sample extracts, which separates chlorinatedhydrocarbons(CHCs) and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides into two groups for subsequent instrumentalanalysis, was developed in this study. This method was achieved by optimizing the fraction cut-off volume of elutionand different solvents. Using fully activated silica gel and cut-off CHCs collection after 10 mi 10% dichloromethane(DCM) in n-hexane passing through the column resulted in satisfactory separation of CHCs and organophosphorus,pyrethroid pesticides. This procedure had a higher reliability for CHCs than for organophosphorus, pyrethroidpesticides, because there is a relatively reliable recovery for CHCs. This approach is less expensive due to reducingsample pre-treatment time and solvent consumption.
A General Mapping Approach and New Travelling Wave Solutions to (2+1)-Dimensional Boussinesq Equation

A general mapping deformation method is presented and applied to a (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq system. Many new types of explicit and exact travelling wave solutions, which contain solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, Jacobian and Weierstrass doubly periodic wave solutions, and other exact excitations like polynomial solutions, exponential solutions, and rational solutions, etc., are obtained by a simple algebraic transformation relation between the (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation and a generalized cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation.
Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ.Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 atcoastal region, Cape D'Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM10)were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductive CouplePlasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn,As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor( E. F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources ,while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E. F, these elements are related the crust and soil. Theconcentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the Vor noncrustal V(V) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regionaloil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn* /V* and Bi/Al indicate that both TSPand PM10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn*/V* are probably represent fossil combustion andBi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimaxrotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of traceelements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species,although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.
Predicting physico-chemical properties of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs):potential persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers(PCDEs) have received more and more concerns as a category of potentialpersistent organic pollutants( POPs). Modeling its environmental fate and exposure assessment require a number offundamental physico-chemical properties. However, the experimental data are currently limited due to the difficulty inanalysis caused by the complexity of PCDE congeners. As an alternative, the quantitative structure propertyrelationship(QSPR) approach could be used. In this paper, twelve kinds of molecular connectivity indices(MCIs) ofall 209 possible molecular structure patterns of PCDEs were calculated. Based on 106 PCDEs with three observedphysico-chemical properties-vapour pressure(PoL), aqueous solubility(Sw) and n-octanol/water(Kow) and theirMCIs data, a series of QSPR equations were established using multiple linear regression(MLR) method. As aresult, three equations with best performance were selected mainly from the view of high regression coefficient(R)and low standard error( SE). All of them showed significant relationship and high accuracy. With these equationsthe properties of other 103 patterns of PCDEs without the reported observed values were predicted. Furthermore,three partition properties for PCDE congeners-Henry' s Law constants(H), partition coefficients between gas/water(Kgw) and gas/n-octanol ( Kgo ) were calculated according to the internal relationship among these six properties.These observed and predicted values, in contrast with the criteria listed in the Stockholm treaty about POPs whichhas been signed by more than ninety countries in May 2001, illustrated that most of PCDEs congeners are potentialpersistent organic pollutants. As all descriptors/predictors are derived just from the molecular structure itself andwithout the import of any empirical parameters, this method is impersonal and promising for the estimation ofphysico-chemical properties of PCDEs.
A Series of Soliton-like and Double-like Periodic Solutions of a (2+1)-Dimensional Asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Vesselov Equation

We generalize the algebraic method presented by Fan [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 (2003) 7009)] to uniformly construct a series of soliton-like solutions and double-like periodic solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDE). As an application of the method, we choose a (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Vesselov equation and successfully construct new and more general solutions including a series of nontraveling wave and coefficient functions' soliton-like solutions, double-like periodic and trigonometric-like function solutions.
Self-Adaptive Forecasting Method and Its Application in Forecasting Total Telecommunication Service Traffic

The calculating method of Self-Adaptive Forecasting Method (SAFM) is stated in this paper, which is also used in forecasting Total Telecommunication Service Traffic (TTST). It has the advantage that weight selection can be self-adaptive so that it can get better forecasting value compared with the Moving Average Method (MAM) and the Exponential Smoothing Method (ESM).
Decentralized network management based on mobile agent

The mobile agent technology can be employed effectively for the decentralized management of complex networks. We show how the integration of mobile agent with legacy management protocol, such as simple network management protocol (SNMP), leads to decentralized management architecture. HostWatcher is a framework that allows mobile agents to roam network, collect and process data, and perform certain adaptive actions. A prototype system is built and a quantitative analysis underlines the benefits in respect to reducing network load.
Effects of Time-Variant WSSUS Channel on the Performance of OFDM Systems

The long symbol duration makes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) robust against frequency-selective fading, and also makes OFDM sensitive to time-selective fading. First, this paper deduces the Inter-subCarrier Interference (ICI) caused by time-selective fading, and then analyzes in detail how time-selective fading affects the performance of OFDM system, e.g. Bit-Error Rate (BER) and the channel capacity of each subcarrier. At last, some simulation figures are given.