mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Toward the development of process plans with reduced environmental impacts

Manufacturing process planning serves as a pivotal link between design and manufacturing. Process planning decisions play a critical role in determining the cost and environmental impacts associated with manufacturing. Past efforts to address environmental issues during process planning are briefly reviewed and potential approaches that can achieve reduced environmental impacts are then discussed. A proposed method is presented for environmentally conscious process planning. The method begins with an existing process plan, and then identifies impactful process steps, and associated design features, in terms of manufacturing cost and environmental impact. Alternative processes that can achieve these features are then considered to generate alternative process plans. These alternatives are then evaluated in terms of economic and environmental performance. The results of these evaluations are then used to generate a set of process plans that are non-dominated with respect to manufacturing cost and environmental impact objectives to produce a Pareto frontier. The proposed method is demonstrated using the manufacturing of a prosthetic hip shell as a case study.
Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofolremifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.
Development and prospects of the fire space monitoring system in Kazakhstan

This article provides a brief description of the fire space monitoring system in Kazakhstan, including the GIS-technology incorporated in its structure. The system performs operative space monitoring of fire areas and burnt areas, mapping of large fire areas, analysis of seasonal and long-term dynamics of burnt areas, and estimation of fire risk zones. Examples of output information obtained from space monitoring of fires are given. Possible directions of development of fire space monitoring in Kazakhstan are specified.
Coupling hydrodynamic models with GIS for storm surge simulation: application to the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay, China

Storm surge is one of the most serious oceanic disasters. Accurate and timely numerical prediction is one of the primary measures for disaster control. Traditional storm surge models lack of accuracy and time effects. To overcome the disadvantages, in this paper, an analytical cyclone model was first added into the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) consisting of high resolution, flooding and drying capabilities for 3D storm surge modeling. Then, we integrated MarineTools Pro into a geographic information system (GIS) to supplement the storm surge model. This provided end users with a friendly modeling platform and easy access to geographically referenced data that was required for the model input and output. A temporal GIS tracking analysis module was developed to create a visual path from storm surge numerical results. It was able to track the movement of a storm in space and time. MarineTools Pro’ capabilities could assist the comprehensive understanding of complex storm events in data visualization, spatial query, and analysis of simulative results in an objective and accurate manner. The tools developed in this study further supported the idea that the coupled system could enhance productivity by providing an efficient operating environment for accurate inversion or storm surge prediction. Finally, this coupled system was used to reconstruct the storm surge generated by Typhoon Agnes (No. 8114) and simulated typhoon induced-wind field and water elevations of Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay. The simulated results show good correlation with actual surveyed data. The simple operating interface of the coupled system is very convenient for users, who want to learn the usage of the storm surge model, especially for first-time users, which can save their modeling time greatly.
Transcriptional regulators that differentially control dendrite and axon development

Neurons are the basic units of connectivity in the nervous system. As a signature feature, neurons form polarized structures: dendrites and axons, which integrate either sensory stimuli or inputs from upstream neurons and send outputs to target cells, respectively. The separation of dendritic and axonal compartments is achieved in two steps during development: 1) dendrite and axon specification: how neurites are initially specified as dendrites and axons; and 2) dendrite and axon commitment: how dendrites and axons are committed to distinct compartmental fates and architectures. To understand neural circuit assembly and to correct erroneous dendrite or axon growth in a compartment-specific manner, it is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying dendrite and axon commitment. Compared to extensive studies on dendrite and axon specification, little is known about the molecular mechanisms exclusively dedicated to dendrite or axon commitment. Recent studies have uncovered the requirement of transcriptional regulation in this process. Here, we review the studies on transcriptional regulators: Dar1, p300-SnoN, NeuroD, which have been shown to separate dendrite- and axon-specific growth of the same neuron type after compartmental fates are specified.
Choosing between a rock and a hard place: Camouflage in the round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum

The round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum is cryptically colored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs close to its body and elevates its back. We investigated effectiveness of camouflage in P. modestum and its dependence on stones by placing a lizard in one of two microhabitats (uniform sand or sand with surface rocks approximately the same size as lizards). An observer who knew which microhabitat contained the lizard was asked to locate the lizard visually. Latency to detection was longer and probability of no detection within 60 s was higher for lizards on rock background than on bare sand. In arenas where lizards could choose to occupy rock or bare sand, much higher proportions selected rocky backgrounds throughout the day; at night all lizards slept among stones. A unique posture gives P. modestum a rounded appearance similar to many natural stones. Lizards occasionally adopted the posture, but none did so in response to a nearby experimenter. Stimuli that elicit the posture are unknown. That P. modestum is better camouflaged among rocks than on bare sand and prefers to occupy rocky areas suggests that special resemblance to rocks (masquerade) enhances camouflage attributable to coloration and immobility.
Kinetics of Coil-to-Globule Transition of Dansyl-Labeled Poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) Chains in Aqueous Solution

The coil-to-globule transition of thermally sensitive linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) labeled with dansyl group is induced by 1.54 μm laser pulses (width≈10 ns). The dansyl group is used to follow the transition kinetics because its fluorescence intensity is very sensitive to its micro-environment. As the molar ratio of NIPAM monomer to dansyl group increases from 110 to 300, the effect of covalently attached dansyl fluorophores on the transition decreases. In agreement with our previous study in which we used 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonic acid ammonium salt free in water as a fluorescent probe, the current study reveals that the transition has two distinct stages with two characteristic times, namely, τfast≈0.1 ms, which can be attributed to the nucleation and formation of some "pearls" (lo-cally contracting segments) on the chain, and τslow≈0.5 ms, which is related to the merging and coarsening of the "pearls". τfast is independent of the PNIPAM chain length over a wide range (M_w=2.8×10~6-4.2×10~7 g/mol). On the other hand, τ_(slow) only slightly increases with the chain length.
Photodissociation of 2-Bromobutane at ~265 nm by Ion-velocity Map Imaging Technique

The photodissociation dynamics of 2-bromobutane has been investigated at 264.77 and 264.86 nm by ion-velocity map imaging technique coupled with resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization. The speed and angular distributions have been derived from the velocity map images of Br and Br~*. The speed distributions of Br and Br~* atoms in the photodis-sociation of 2-bromobutane at ~265 nm can be fitted using only one Gaussian function indicating that bromine fragments were produced via direct dissociation of C-Br bond. The contributions of the excited ~3Q_0, ~3Q_1, and 1Q1 states to the products (Br and Br~*) were discussed. It is found that the nonadiabatic ~1Q_1←~3Q_0 transition plays an important role for Br photofragment in the dissociation of 2-C4H9Br at ~265 nm. Relative quantum yield of 0.621 for Br(~2P_(3/2)) at ~265 nm in the photodissociation of 2-bromobutane is derived. By comparing the photodissociation of 2-C_4H_9Br at ~265 nm and that that at ~234 nm, the anisotropy parameter β(Br) and β(Br~*), and relative quantum yield Ф(Br) decrease with increasing wavelength, the probability of curve crossing between ~3Q_0 and ~1Q_1 decreases with increasing laser wavelength.
Characterization of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases encoded by Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai: an initial biochemical study for leptospiral gluconeogenesis via anaplerotic CO_2 assimilation

Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis. The in vitro growth of L. interrogans requires CO_2 and a partial 3-hydroxypropionate pathway involving two acyl-CoA carboxylases was suggested by genomic analysis to assimilate CO_2. Either set of the candidate genes heterologously co-expressed in Escherichia coli was able to demonstrate both acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activities. The tri-subunit holoenzyme (LA_2736-LA_2735 and LA_3803), although failed to be purified, was designated ACC based on its substrate preference toward acetyl-CoA. The partially purified bi-subunit holoenzyme (LA_2432-LA_2433) has a considerably higher activity against propionyl-CoA as the substrate than that of acetyl-CoA, and thus, designated PCC. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that this PCC has a molecular mass of around 669 kDa, suggesting an α_4β_4 quaternary structure and both structural homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis analysis of its carboxyltransferase subunit (LA_2433) indicated that the A431 residue located at the bottom of the putative substrate binding pocket may play an important role in substrate specificity determination. Both transcriptomic and proteomic data indicated that enzymes involved in the suggested partial 3-hydroxypropionate pathway were expressed in vivo in addition to ACC/PCC and the homologous genes in genomes of other Leptospira species were re-annotated accordingly. However, as the in vitro detected specific activity of ACC in the crude cell extract was too low to account for the growth of the bacterium in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris minimal medium, further systematic analysis is required to unveil the mechanism of gluconeogenesis via anaplerotic CO_2 assimilation in Leptospira species.
Follicular helper T cells in immune homeostasis

In recent years, follicular helper T (T_(FH)) cells have become a hot topic for immunologists due to their pivotal role in modulating antibody-mediated immune responses. Although helper T (T_H) 2 cells have long been known to provide help for B-cell responses, T_(FH) cells have been identified only recently as a distinct lineage of T_H cells that is specific for the provision of help to B cells to generate antibody responses. T_(FH) cells are distinguished by their unique surface marker expression (CXCR5~(high), PD-1~(high), ICOS~(high) and CCR7~(low)), cytokine profile (IL-21 and IL-6) and, more importantly, transcriptional factor expression (Bcl6). Furthermore, T_(FH) cells are endowed with the capacity to migrate to B-cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs and closely interact with B cells to promote the formation of germinal centers (GCs). The stable cognate interaction between T_(FH) and B cells in the GC is mutually beneficial to them for their development and function. Specifically, T_(FH) cells help B cells produce long-lived memory B cells and high-affinity antibodies and, in reciprocation, they are helped by B cells for further differentiation through cell cognation. This is how effective antibody responses are generated to provide protection against pathogenic microbes.
Discovery of structurally diverse and bioactive compounds from plant resources in China

This review describes the major discoveries of structurally diverse and/or biologically significant compounds from plant resources in China, mainly from the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) since the establishment of our research group in 1999. In the past decade, a large array of biologically significant and novel structures has been identified from plant resources (or TCM) in our laboratory. The structural modification of several biologically important compounds led to more than 400 derivatives, some of which exhibited significantly improved activities and provided opportunities to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the related compound class. These findings are important for drug discovery and help us understand the biological basis for the traditional applications of these plants in TCM.
消毒供应中心对呼吸机管道实行集中消毒处理

呼吸机管道通过气管插管或气管切开与患者的呼吸道黏膜相接触,属于中度危险性因素。长期以来,医院临床科室,处理程序不规范,呼吸机管道的消毒质量难以保障,故对呼吸机管道及其配件彻底清洗消毒,使之安全、有效地使用,以避免医院交叉感染。我院于2009年6月,依据《医院消毒供应中心管理规范》有关规定,对呼吸机管道进行集中消毒处理。其方法:(1)呼吸机管道的回收:下收工人用标明科室的透明密闭盒将污染的呼吸机管道统一收回消毒供应中心,按照清单物品内容,清点核对,确定无误后于无菌间护士联系并登记。(2)清洗消毒:将管道及配件、零件进行拆卸。对有痰或明显血迹的管道,采用清水冲洗后,浸泡于含酶容器收稿日期:2012-07-15内5~10min后,再使用500mg/ml含氯消毒剂浸泡后在软化水下冲洗。将以上预处理后的呼吸机管道使用专业清洗架,必须将管道口与清洗架喷水孔连接牢固。(3)检查包装:包装对于维持物品的无菌状态有着重要的作用。包装前,检查每根管道的清洁度、功能是否完好,并将管道装入合适的纸塑包装袋,包外标签注明科室、品名、数量、工作人员的代号及有效期。规范包装后交予消毒员灭菌。
革兰阴性杆菌β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展

细菌在地球上生存已>30亿年,擅长保护自身免受毒物的损害。细菌细胞壁是维持细菌细胞外形完整的结构,它能适应多样的环境变化,并与机体互相作用。本世纪新兴的6种威胁性的ESKAPE微生物:屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、不动杆菌属、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属,其中4种是革兰阴性杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌、不动杆菌属、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属。铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌可对大部分甚至所有的目前临床使用的抗菌药物耐药。
一次性输液器纸塑外包装替代快速过敏皮试仪绑带预防医院感染

快速过敏皮试仪因无创性、零刺激、时间短、自动计时、不易出现假阳性等优点,应用于日均皮试100例次的门诊儿科输液室。笔者在临床实践中,发现其绑带存在医院感染安全隐患(一台仪器只配备3条绑带),采用一次性输液器外包装做绑带(纸塑绑带)替代传统绑带,获得良好效果。
合作伙伴在湘杂棉品种F_1制种利用中精诚协作共创效益浅议

浅议了湘杂棉品种选育方要向开发商提供高标准的杂交亲本种子和技术服务。开发商、经销商、制种棉农要互相配合协作,向广大棉农提供优质的湘杂棉生产种子,以促进棉花生产的发展。合作伙伴之间较公平合理的利益分配是搞好协作的前提。
思茅松良种利用方法的探讨

思茅松良种利用,根本是对思茅松优良性状资源的利用。思茅松资源收集是进行性状改良的前提;通过有性改良可获得优良性状;无性是对优良性状的直接利用。比较各类无性繁殖方法,目前,思茅松良种利用最有效的方式是通过嫁接方式建立采穗圃,生产幼化穗条,扦插利用。
紫外辐射增强对茄子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以茄子品种"金山长茄"为材料,对茄子种子和幼苗进行人工紫外辐射(UV-B)增强处理,研究其对茄子种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。实验结果表明,茄子在UV-B增强处理后,其生长受到明显抑制,种子发芽率下降,幼苗成活率降低,子叶叶片皱缩、生长缓慢,失绿,真叶出现的时间延长;这些危害随处理时间加长而趋于严重。
山楂总黄酮的逆流提取研究

目的比较逆流提取与传统回流提取方法,确定山楂总黄酮的最适提取方法。方法分别采用三级逆流提取与三效逆流提取工艺模型的实验室模拟方法提取山楂中总黄酮,并与常规回流提取方法进行比较。结果三级逆流、三效逆流提取与常规回流提取相比,山楂总黄酮提取得率结果相近,但溶剂用量明显减少,提取时间也大大缩短。结论逆流提取较传统回流提取具有显著优势,其中三级逆流提取方法操作相对简便,更适于山楂黄酮的大规模提取。
甘草黄酮阿魏酸环糊精包合物制备及其评价

目的制备一种甘草黄酮和阿魏酸的环糊精复合包合物,将其应用于外用制剂中,并对其功效进行评价。方法采用研磨法制备甘草黄酮阿魏酸环糊精复合包合物;分别采用乳化法和溶胀法制备复合包合物的乳膏剂和凝胶剂;对4种不同组成的药物和外用制剂进行性状、功效、稳定性、经皮通透性评价。结果包合物加入基质中可改善制剂的外观;增加阿魏酸的稳定性;甘草黄酮和阿魏酸组合后可提高药物的抗氧化作用和抑菌抗炎作用。阿魏酸的加入可促进甘草苷的皮肤透过量,包合之后可以提高阿魏酸的皮肤滞留量。结论甘草黄酮和阿魏酸二者合并使用,可以增强二者的药理作用,制成环糊精包合物后更适于局部给药。
高乌甲素贴剂的体外释放度与经皮渗透研究

目的采用3种不同分子聚合度的聚异丁烯为基质,研究高乌甲素贴剂的体外释放和经皮渗透行为。方法按中国药典方法考察高乌甲素贴剂的体外释放度,高效液相色谱法测定接受液中高乌甲素含有量。采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体大鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,比较3种高乌甲素贴剂的经皮渗透特性。结果3种高乌甲素贴剂的体外平均释放速率分别为170.040μg/(cm~2.h)、122.060μg/(cm~2.h)、88.740μg/(cm~2.h),体外平均经皮渗透速率分别为96.786μg/(cm~2.h)、32.033μg/(cm~2.h)、33.270μg/(cm~2.h)。结论3种高乌甲素贴剂在20 h内体外释放曲线和经皮渗透曲线均以Higuchi动力学方程拟合较好,该制剂属于骨架型释药系统。药物从贴剂基质中的释放速率均大于渗透通过皮肤的速率,其透皮过程以皮肤限释方式进行。贴剂的累积释药量与累积透皮量具有因聚异丁烯分子聚合度的增加而减小的趋势。
龙胆泻肝丸溶出特性研究

目的研究龙胆泻肝丸中4种成分的溶出,评价该制剂的溶出特性。方法建立龙胆苦苷、黄芩苷、栀子苷和阿魏酸HPLC测定方法以考察龙胆泻肝丸、龙胆泻肝胶囊的溶出特性,并进行对比;拟合其溶出模型,求算溶出参数。结果4 h时,丸剂中栀子苷、龙胆苦苷溶出较完全,黄芩苷、阿魏酸分别溶出66.51%、61.68%;Weibull模型拟合龙胆泻肝丸中上述4种成分的溶出情况效果最好,Ritger-Peppas模型、Higuchi模型、一级反应模型的拟合效果亦佳。结论丸剂中上述4种成分的溶出速率明显慢于胶囊剂;龙胆泻肝丸中栀子苷、龙胆苦苷溶出较黄芩苷、阿魏酸充分;该过程兼有Fick’s扩散机制和骨架溶蚀机制。
儿童神经母细胞瘤病理学分类及其早期诊断

神经母细胞瘤(neuroblastoma,NB)是儿童中最常见的恶性实体瘤之一,<15岁儿童年发病率10.5/10万,日本、德国、加拿大经婴儿筛选过程可达到10万儿童中20.1的发生率。在儿童中神经母细胞瘤死亡率较高,引起了有关临床、基础研究人员的重视。病理学诊断是儿童NB确诊一个十分重要的手段,除了作为诊断依据外,还可以按照分化情况结合年龄因素作辅助预后的判断。
可变性红斑角化病1例

患者男,20岁.因面部、四肢红斑伴瘙痒20年于2011年3月31日至我院就诊.患者自出生后半年起,面部、四肢出现片状红斑脱屑,并逐渐扩大,部分红斑可在几天内自行消退,皮损形态、大小随季节发生变化,多在冬季加重,夏季可完全缓解.自觉中学时皮损最为严重,后随年龄的增长有所改善.一直按湿疹治疗,外用各种药物(具体不详)治疗效果不佳.父母非近亲结婚,患者系足月顺产,家族中无类似疾病.
5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗寻常疣的临床观察

传统治疗寻常疣疗法(电灼、冷冻、手术等)难以准确掌握其范围和深度,尤其对于一些特殊部位如面部、甲缘,指(趾)关节等部位,其复发率及瘢痕形成率高,达不到美容效果,甚至影响功能,而且治疗过程较痛苦,特别是儿童不易配合。光动力疗法虽费用较贵,但对增生的疣体及亚临床感染有“光到病除”的功效,无增生性瘢痕形成亦无指甲功能形态的改变等不良反应,复发率低,不留后遣症,值得推广应用。
带状疱疹性脑炎1例

有关带状疱疹性脑炎的治疗,陈扬和桂芗湘[10]曾报告无脑炎症状的带状疱疹性脑炎,并提出疱疹感染后半个月左右应该常规脑电图检查,以早期发现和治疗,有利于患者的预后。阿昔洛韦是带状疱疹的首选抗病毒药物,具有高效低毒的特点,早期足量应用可以抑制病毒复制及阻止其播散。采用糖皮质激素联合阿昔洛韦治疗能减少后遗症的发生。必要时转神经内科进行专科治疗,及早有效治疗后,本病预后良好,一般不留后遗症。
儿童感染性心内膜炎皮肤表现1例

感染性心内膜炎是累及多系统的疾病,其临床表现与起病的缓急、基础疾病、局部或全身感染、栓塞症状、免疫反应、病原微生物的种类均密切相关,这种多样性使得正确作出临床诊断较为困难。本例患儿有典型的周围血管征象,而后期趾端皮肤蜕皮类似于川崎病,临床少见,是Osler结节的必然过程或是与铜绿假单胞菌感染血管炎有关,还需进一步探讨。充分认识心内膜炎或不同病原体感染所致的皮肤改变,可尽早作出较为准确的临床诊断,早期开始治疗。
系统性肥大细胞增生症三例并文献复习

系统性肥大细胞增生症(systemicmastocytosis,SM)是肥大细胞的肿瘤性增生,常累及皮肤、淋巴结、肝、脾、骨髓、胃肠道和骨骼;可有介质释放综合征。SM多见于成人,为少见病,不易被人们所认识。现将中山大学附属第一医院收治的3例SM患者报道如下。
Surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma metastasized to the duodenum

Renal cell carcnoma (RCC) metastasizes to the duodenum is extremely rare. There are only few cases reported to date. Most authors recommended aggressive surgery to improve survival. However, it is dependent on medical and technical feasibility. Herein, we report a case of a 72-year-old woman with duodenum metastasis from RCC 10 years after radical left nephrectomy and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) resection who simultaneously underwent local resection of duodenal mass, and evaluate the isolated surgical management for the unusual condition.
Thioredoxin and impaired spatial learning and memory in the rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause cognitive dysfunction and may be a reversible cause of cognitive loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH), such as encountered in OSA, is marked by neurodegenerative changes in rat brain. We investigated the change of thioredoxin (Trx), spatial learning and memory in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).
Synthesis,Bioactivity and Crystal Structure Analysis of Novel Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-ones

Two compounds,3-oxo-N-o-tolylbenzo[d]isothiazole-2(3H)-carboxamide (1) and N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazole-2(3H)-carboxamide (2),were synthesized from the initial compound benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) and characterized by ~1 H NMR,IR and elemental analysis,respectively.The single crystals of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The preliminary results of biological activity experiment show that some of the title compounds exhibited a favorable antimicrobial activity.
Proteomic characteristics of the liver and skeletal muscle in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

Valid animal models are useful for studying the pathophysiology of specific disorders, such as neural disease, diabetes and cancer. Previous molecular phylogeny studies indicate that the tree shrew is in the same order as (or a close sister to) primates, and thus may be an ideal model in which to study human disease. In this study, the proteome of liver and muscle tissue in tree the shrew was identified by combining peptide fractionation and LC-MS/MS identification. In total, 2146 proteins were detected, including 1759 proteins in liver samples and 885 proteins in skeletal muscle samples from the tree shrew. Further sub-source analysis revealed that nearly half of the identified proteins (846 proteins and 418 proteins) were derived from human database. In this study, we are the first to describe the characteristics of the proteome from the liver and skeletal muscle of the tree shrew. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on these proteomic data showed that the tree shrew is closer to primates (human) than to glires (the mouse and rat).
脊柱硬脊膜外腔“膜椎韧带”的研究进展

第40版格式解剖学中记载,meningovertebral韧带,将硬脊膜连接到衬在椎管内表面的组织上,在前方和侧方发育的较好,相似的条带把神经根鞘固定在它的通道里,本文暂将其译为"膜椎韧带"。
Transfer matrix modeling of avalanche photodiode

In this article, we calculated and modeled the gain of In_(0.53) Ga_(0.47) As/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) based on a device mechanism and carrier rate equations using transfer matrix method (TMM). In fact, a distributed model was presented for calculating impact ionization (I~2) and relating different sections of the multiplication region. In this proposed model, recessive equations were used, and device gain is considered proportional to the number of output photo-electrons and photo-holes. By comparison of simulated results with experimental data available in literature, it has been demonstrated the capability of the developed model as a powerful tool for simulating APDs’ behavior and interpreting their experimentally measured characteristics.
Discovery of six high-redshift quasars with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope and the Multiple Mirror Telescope

Quasars with redshifts greater than 4 are rare, and can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe. Here we report the discovery of six new quasars with i-band magnitudes brighter than 19.5 and redshifts between 2.4 and 4.6 from spectroscopy with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) at the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in February, 2012. These quasars are in the list of z > 3.6 quasar candidates selected by using our proposed J K/i Y criterion and the photometric redshift estimations from the SDSS optical and UKIDSS near-IR photometric data. Nine candidates were observed by YFOSC, and five among six new quasars were identified as z > 3.6 quasars. One of the other three objects was identified as a star and the other two were unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This is the first time that z > 4 quasars have been discovered using a telescope in China. Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program (TAP), the redshift of 4.6 for one of these quasars was confirmed by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) Red Channel spectroscopy. The continuum and emission line properties of these six quasars, as well as their central black hole masses and Eddington ratios, were obtained.