mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Alanine racemase is essential for the growth and interspecies competitiveness of Streptococcus mutans

D-alanine (D-Ala) is an essential amino acid that has a key role in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Alanine racemase (Alr) is a unique enzyme that interconverts L-alanine and D-alanine in most bacteria, making this enzyme a potential target for antimicrobial drug development. Streptococcus mutans is a major causative factor of dental caries. The factors involved in the survival, virulence and interspecies interactions of S. mutans could be exploited as potential targets for caries control. The current study aimed to investigate the physiological role of Alr in S. mutans. We constructed alr mutant strain of S. mutans and evaluated its phenotypic traits and interspecies competitiveness compared with the wild-type strain. We found that alr deletion was lethal to S. mutans. A minimal supplement of D-Ala (150 μg·mL~(-1)) was required for the optimal growth of the alr mutant. The depletion of D-alanine in the growth medium resulted in cell wall perforation and cell lysis in the alr mutant strain. We also determined the compromised competitiveness of the alr mutant strain relative to the wild-type S. mutans against other oral streptococci (S. sanguinis or S. gordonii), demonstrated using either conditioned medium assays or dual-species fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Given the importance and necessity of alr to the growth and competitiveness of S. mutans, Alr may represent a promising target to modulate the cariogenicity of oral biofilms and to benefit the management of dental caries.
阵发性高血压(也称一过性高血压)有哪些危害,如何防治?

本次提出这个主题,其实是源于对BPV的研究认识。从BPV角度来说,笔者也同意一些专家的意见,即阵发性高血压是BPV增加的一种类型。一些学者也已经提出,血压最高值、最高值和最低值的差都可以作为BPV增加的指标。所以,今后不妨把研究的目标和方向转到BPV上,争取把BPV整合到高血压的诊治指南和专家共识中去。未来要实现高血压的精准防治,这是不二法门。
Oscillatory Strongly Singular Integral Associated to the Convex Surfaces of Revolution

Here we consider the following strongly singular integral where Ω∈L~p(S~(n-1), p>1, n>1, a>0 and γ is convex on (0,∞). We prove that there exists A(p,n) >0 such that if β > A(p,n)(1+α), then T(Ω,γ,α,β) is bounded from L~2 (R~(n+1)) to itself and the constant is independent of γ. Furthermore, when Ω∈C~∞(S~(n-1)), we will show that T_(?,γ,α,β) is bounded from L~2(R~(n+1)) to itself only if β>2α and the constant is independent of γ.
前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌1例并文献复习

前列腺小细胞癌(small cell carcinoma of prostate, SCPCa)又叫神经内分泌前列腺癌,其为罕见恶性肿瘤,进展快,早期易转移,预后极差。检索Pubmed、万方及中国知网等数据库,全世界近20年关于前列腺小细胞癌报到不足400例,而国内报到不足40例,且大部分前列腺小细胞癌常与前列腺腺癌混合存在,完全性前列腺小细胞癌不足2%。2015年我院收治1例完全性前列腺小细胞癌,现报到如下,并复习相关文献,了解该病的临床、病理特征,以及目前的治疗方式,从而提高对该病的全面认识。
圆弧插值在测井资料处理中的应用

具有圆周阵列型探头的测井仪器数据处理中,运用圆弧插值方法可以获得井筒横截面圆周上任意多个测量值,达到增加测井信息量的目的,为井眼状况和套管损伤评价提供技术支撑。利用适用于圆弧处理的余弦函数和第一类边界条件的三次样条函数组合插值法,将井筒横截面上分布的多个测井仪器探头测量值模拟成一个类圆周上的多个均匀排列的数据点,将类圆周模拟为余弦函数,通过第一类边界条件的三次样条函数插值法获得系数矩阵为三对角阵的方程组,使用追赶法求解方程组,得到井筒横截面圆周上的插值点数据。CIFLog-GeoMatrix软件声电成像和多臂井径成像测井资料解释结果表明,插值法形成的圆弧边界具有圆滑性,与实际井壁情况相吻合,且在井眼变形严重的区域能够避免出现与钻头尺寸不匹配的尖弧段,圆弧保形度较高。现场应用表明,经圆弧插值法处理后的多臂井径成像测井资料能够鉴定多种类型的套管损伤,且鉴定效果较好,效率较高。
高孔高渗断鼻构造油藏油水倒置成因分析

饶阳凹陷路6、路27断块主要含油层段具有高孔、高渗特征,构造形态属于断鼻构造,在实际勘探开发过程中出现油水倒置现象。根据油层、油水同层的解释标准差异性,重新确立砂体解释标准;通过小层等时对比性研究,对油砂体性质进行二次解释;结合实际试油资料分析,验证重新解释结果的正确性;研究沉积体系,分析沉积相特征,了解砂体连通性及油气运移性质;分析水体矿化度高低,明确高低部位水体性质及来源。通过综合研究,分析储层原始状态的油水分布规律,解释出油水倒置分布现象的成因,有效地指导油田进一步勘探开发,为精细油藏分析提供依据。
缝洞型油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策

为研究塔河2区缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏剩余油分布情况,依据实际开发状况,结合静态地质资料和动态开发资料,在储集体类型的基础上对剩余油进行分类,提出了塔河2区缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏3个大类9个亚类剩余油分布模式:岩溶管道型剩余油包括支流管道型、管道末端型、管道局部高部位型、管道侧壁型、管道附近孔缝型以及致密层遮挡型6个亚类;残丘型剩余油包括阁楼型和低幅残丘型2个亚类;断控岩溶型剩余油包括断裂附近孔缝型1个亚类。针对不同类型的剩余油分布模式,分别提出了新井加密、酸化压裂、钻塞下返、排水采油、提液、注水、单井注气及单元注气等挖潜措施,为塔河2区开发方案的调整提供了一定依据。
红河油田长_8致密油成藏机理及"甜点"模式

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长_8油层组致密油成藏条件研究程度低,与盆地中部、北部同类油藏相比,勘探开发效果较差。为了分析其原因,通过对"生、储、盖、运、圈、保"等成藏条件的研究,结合盆地构造演化特征和油田开发动态分析认为,中期成熟油在生烃超压驱动下,向下连续充注进入同期致密化的邻近砂体,形成低丰度致密砂岩岩性油藏,油水基本不分异,晚白垩世以来的构造运动产生了多组断裂,改造调整了原生油藏,原油在局部浮力驱动下沿高角度裂缝进行垂向、侧向运移调整,直至上倾方向裂缝消失或闭合,聚集形成较高丰度次生油藏。建立了长_8油层组7种次生油藏"甜点"模式,明确了盆缘构造区致密砂岩构造-岩性复合油藏的勘探和开发方向。
海上稠油油田火烧油层数值模拟

渤海BHN35油田采用多元热流体吞吐开发,目前已进入第2轮吞吐阶段,表现出井底流压低、气窜等现象,需要积极研究后续接替技术。采用数值模拟技术研究了该油田火烧油层的可行性,建立了考虑重质油、中质油、焦炭和溶解气4组分的化学反应方程式,拟合了室内一维燃烧管实验结果,确定了化学反应方程配平系数、指前因子、活化能、反应热等关键参数;应用矿场模型预测了该油田火烧油层方案的生产效果,推荐采用水平井井网、顶部和中部2条火线同时燃烧的方式开发,并指明了下一步攻关方向。该研究对海上油田火烧油层技术实施具有积极的推动作用。
呵叻盆地L区块裂缝发育特征及形成机理

在钻井取心及测井资料分析基础上,结合盆地构造演化特征,对呵叻盆地L区块二叠系碳酸盐岩裂缝发育特征及形成机制进行了分析。研究结果表明:目的层碳酸盐岩共发育早期充填缝及晚期张开缝2期构造裂缝。张开缝主要为低角度裂缝及水平裂缝,呈半充填-未充填特征,其形成演化与印支期造山运动有关,为印支Ⅰ、Ⅱ幕2期构造运动叠加的产物;在Ⅱ幕印支运动强烈构造挤压作用下,低角度正断层F1发生挤压变形,2号断块被推覆到1号断块之上,导致灰岩断块内部沿较脆弱的沉积纹理面破裂,形成低角度缝及水平裂缝;岩心裂缝统计及常规测井识别表明,该套裂缝在垂向上以薄层为主,裂缝密度较小。从构造作用改造程度来看,研究区碳酸盐岩目的层地层厚度较大,受区域构造应力改造相对较小,断层断面曲率及地层曲率小,导致构造裂缝发育密度较小,不利于油气规模性成藏。该研究可为呵叻盆地L区块有利区的预测提供重要依据。
南堡5号构造火成岩地质特征及识别技术

南堡5号构造火成岩发育区是油气勘探的重点区域,但火成岩识别面临岩性复杂、蚀变严重、井眼垮塌、储层横向变化快等难题。利用岩心、薄片资料确定了南堡5号构造火成岩的类型及特征,利用常规测井分析、FMI图像资料、ECS地层元素俘获测井方法分3步进行岩性测井解释:通过自然伽马与ECS元素曲线交会识别法识别砂岩、泥岩、玄武质火成岩、流纹质火成岩;通过铁钛交会图识别法识别出玄武质凝灰岩和流纹质凝灰岩;利用成像测井识别技术识别玄武岩、玄武质角砾岩、流纹岩、流纹质角砾岩。最后,利用BP神经网络地震多属性分析技术对火成岩与砂岩储层空间展布特征进行了预测,预测火山熔岩的符合率为100%,预测火山碎屑岩的符合率为73.3%,预测砂岩储层的符合率为80.9%。研究结果对南堡5号构造火成岩油气勘探开发具有一定的借鉴意义。
Effect of Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Heterogeneous Mg_(88)Y_8Zn_4 Alloy

The microstructure evolutions and mechanical properties of a heterogeneous Mg_(88)Y_8Zn_4 (in at.%) alloy during multi-pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)were systematically investigated in thiswork. The results show that four phases, i.e. α-Mg, 18R long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, Mg_(24)Y_5 and Y-rich phase, are present in cast alloy. During ECAP, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs and the diameter of DRXed α-Mg grains decreases to 0.8 μm. Moreover, precipitation of lamellar 14H LPSO structure is developed within α-Mg phase. Both the refinement of α-Mg grains and precipitation of 14H LPSO contribute to the increase in micro-hardness from 98 HV to 135 HV for α-Mg. In addition, a simplified model describing the evolution of 18R LPSO phase is established, which illustrates that 18R undergoes a four-step morphological evolution with increasing strains during ECAP, i.e. original lath→bent lath→cracked lath→smaller particles. Compression test results indicate that the alloy has been markedly strengthened after multi-pass ECAP, and the main reason for the significantly enhanced mechanical properties could be ascribed to the DRXed α-Mg grains, newly precipitated 14H lamellas, 18R kinking and refined 18R particles.
Drag Effects of Solute and Second Phase Distributions on the Grain Growth Kinetics of Pre-Extruded Mg-6Zn Alloy

In order to control the grain size during hot forming, grain growth behavior of a pre-extruded Mg-6Zn magnesium alloy and its correlation with solute and second phase distribution were investigated. Isothermal annealing was conducted on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The mean grain size D_g of each annealed specimenwas measured by the quantitative metallography technique. The grain growth kinetics of theMg-6Zn alloy annealed at 473–623 K was obtained as D_g~4-D_(g0)~4=2.25×10~(11)exp(–95450/RT)t by the least square linear regression method. The deviation of grain growth exponent n = 4 from the theoretical value of 2 may be attributed to the presence of solute zinc and second phases which will retard the boundary migration. Microscopic observations show that the non-uniform distribution of grain size for samples pre-extruded or annealed at low temperatures is closely related to the non-uniform distribution of fine and dispersed second phases but not to the non-uniform distribution of solute zinc. This indicates that second phase pinning effect plays an important role in microstructure refinement.
腰椎硬脊膜下血肿引起腰痛及双下肢麻痛一例

本例患者,临床表现较轻微,无大小便失禁,无抗凝药应用病史及凝血障碍,无偏瘫,临床预后好。临床上引起腰腿痛的疾病多见于腰椎相关疾病,如腰椎间盘突出、腰椎管狭窄等,但由腰椎SSDH引起者实在罕见。临床上需注意鉴别,以免误诊误治,延误病情。
围术期低张液体容量治疗致婴儿低钠血症诱发术后惊厥1例

低张液体应用和抗利尿激素(ADH)分泌异常是发生低钠血症的主要原因。静脉输注低张液体是医院获得性低钠血症最重要的原因。本例婴儿从术前禁食到惊厥发生的9 h内,静脉输注的300 ml液体均是低张液体。惊厥发生时血浆钠离子浓度为120 mmol/L。小儿围术期液体和输血管理指南(2014版)指出,使用无糖等张平衡盐溶液对围术期的患儿是比较理想的,术中输液总量应包括生理所需的维持性输液量和补充性输液量(术前禁食的缺失量和手术创伤带来的体液丢失量)。研究表明,血浆钠离子浓度低于130 mmol/L可以引起神经元水肿。当血浆钠离子浓度快速下降低于125 mmol/L时,可出现低钠血症的临床症状。低钠血症临床症状轻者可有恶心、呕吐、意识模糊,重者可导致惊厥、呼吸骤停,甚至死亡。未对本例婴儿尿液进行化验,无法判断是否发生ADH分泌异常。通常情况下,患儿术后血浆ADH浓度都会升高。本例婴儿惊厥发生后有水肿和少尿的症状出现,提示可能与ADH分泌异常有关。
Integrated water resources management for emergency situations: A case study of Macau

Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95 days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79 days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential.
Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method

A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference systemand water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches' assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.
Transformation of hydroxylated and methoxylated 2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-99) in plants

The occurrence and fate of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have received significant attention. However, there is limited information on the metabolism relationship between OH-pentaBDEs and MeO-pentaBDEs that were frequently detected with relatively high concentrations in the environment. In this study, the biotransformation between OH-BDE-99 and MeO-BDE-99 was investigated in rice, wheat, and soybean plants. All the three plants can metabolize OH-BDE-99 to corresponding homologous methoxylated metabolites, while the transformation fromMeO-BDE-99 toOH-BDE-99 could only be found in soybean. The conversion of parent compounds was the highest in soybean, followed by wheat and rice. Transformation products were found mainly in the roots, with few metabolites being translocated to the shoots and solution after exposure. The results of this study provide valuable information for a better understanding of the accumulation and transformation of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in different plants.
Occurrence and formation potential of nitrosamines in river water and ground water along the Songhua River, China

The presence of mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrosamines in water is of great concern. In this study, seven nitrosamines including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosodi-n-butyl-amine (NDBA) were investigated in river water and ground water samples collected from 5 representative cities (Jilin, Songyuan, Harbin, Jiamusi and Tongjiang) along the Songhua River. The total concentrations of nitrosamines in ground water were n.d. (not detected) to 60.8 ng/L, NDMA was the most frequently detected nitrosamines in ground water, followed by NDEA and NPip. Relatively high detected frequency and concentrations of NDMA were also observed in river water samples, and the total nitrosamines' concentration at midstreamis always higher than that at upstream and downstream. After 24 hr chlorination, concentration of NDMA, NDBA was obviously increased but NDEA was reduced. Furthermore, UV_(254) showed a better relationship with NDMA-FP rather than dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH_4-N, and TDN.
数字PCR技术在临床诊断中的应用进展

数字PCR(dPCR)作为核酸检测和定量的新方法,在病原微生物检测、肿瘤相关基因检测、产前诊断等方面应用日益广泛。该文就其在HBV DNA、HIV DNA、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)突变、胎儿游离DNA等检测中的研究进展作一综述。
Selective Synthesis of 1,2-Diarylpyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-diones via Cyclization Reaction of β-Enamino Imides with Cinnamaldehydes

The novel l,2-diaryl substituted pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-diones were selectively synthesized in high yields by the base catalyzed cyclization reaction of 3-arylamino-l-methyl-lH-pyrrole-2,5-diones with cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives in acetonitrile at room temperature. However,when piperidinium trifluoroacetate was employed as catalyst,the reaction afforded a mixture of l,2-diaryl and l,4-diaryl substituted pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-diones in comparable yields.
New risk factors and new tendency for central nervous system relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study

Background: In patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), central nervous system (CNS) relapse is uncommon but is nearly always fatal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for CNS relapse in DLBCL patients and to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis for CNS relapse reduction. Methods: A total of 511 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2003 and December 2012 were included in the study. Among these patients, 376 received R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment, and 135 received CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis (methotrexate plus cytarabine) was administered to those who were deemed at high risk for CNS relapse. In the entire cohort and in the R-CHOP set in particular, the Kaplan–Meier method coupled with the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Differences were evaluated using a two-tailed test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: At a median follow-up of 46 months, 25 (4.9%) patients experienced CNS relapse. There was a trend of reduced occurrence of CNS relapse in patients treated with rituximab; the 3-year cumulative CNS relapse rates were 7.1% in CHOP group and 2.7% in R-CHOP group (P = 0.045). Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis did not confer much benefit in terms of preventing CNS relapse. Bone involvement [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–12.77], renal involvement (HR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.05–14.19), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >110 U/L (HR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.25–10.34), serum albumin (ALB) <35 g/L (HR = 3.63, 95% CI 1.25–10.51), treatment with rituximab (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.96), and a time to complete remission ≤ 108 days (HR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.78) were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the entire cohort. Bone involvement (HR = 4.44, 95% CI 1.08–18.35), bone marrow involvement (HR = 11.70, 95% CI 2.24–60.99), and renal involvement (HR = 10.83, 95% CI 2.27–51.65) were independent risk factors for CNS relapse in the R-CHOP set. Conclusions: In the present study, rituximab decreased the CNS relapse rate of DLBCL, whereas intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis alone was not sufficient for preventing CNS relapse. Serum levels of ALB and ALP, and the time to complete remission were new independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the patients with DLBCL. In the patients received R-CHOP regimen, a trend of increased CNS relapse was found to be associated with extranodal lesions.
17-[16,17-Dihydroxycyclooctatinyl]-hexaketide ester from Streptomyces sp. SR107

A new hexaketide acid esterified by the 17-hydroxyl group of 16,17-dihydroxycyclooctatin, namely 17-[16,17-dihydroxycyclooctatinyl]-hexaketide ester (1), a member of the group of rare bacterial diterpenes with a fused 5-8-5 ring system was isolated from strain Streptomyces sp. SR107. The structure was determined on the basis of its spectral data (~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR, ~1H-~1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, IR and HR-ESI-MS). The antibacterial activity was also evaluated in this paper.
Identification of two novel mutations in the GALNT3 gene in a Chinese family with hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis

Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease is characterized by the progressive calcification of soft tissues leading to symptoms of pressure and hyperphosphatemia but normal concentrations of serum calcium with or without an elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels.HFTC is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the GALNT3, FGF23 or KL genes. Here, we identified two novel mutations in the GALNT3 gene in a Chinese family with HFTC. Identification of a novel genotype in HFTC provides clues for understanding the phenotype–genotype relationships in HFTC and may assist not only in the clinical diagnosis of HFTC but also in the interpretation of the genetic information used for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Nonlinear chaotic characteristic in leaching process and prediction of leaching cycle period

A laboratory leaching experiment with samples of different grades was carried out, and an analytical method of concentration of leaching solution was put forward. For each sample, respectively, by applying phase space reconstruction for time series of monitoring data, the saturated embedding dimension and the correlation dimension were obtained, and the evolution laws between neighboring points in the reconstructed phase space were revealed. With BP neural network, a prediction model of concentration of leaching solution was set up and the maximum error of which was less than 2%. The results show that there exist chaotic characteristics in leaching system, and samples of different grades have different nonlinear dynamic features; the higher the grade of sample, the smaller the correlation dimension; furthermore, the maximum Lyapunov index, energy dissipation and chaotic extent of the leaching system increase with grade of the sample; by phase space reconstruction, the subtle change features of concentration of leaching solution can be magnified and the inherent laws can be fully demonstrated. According to the laws, a prediction model of leaching cycle period has been established to provide a theoretical foundation for solution mining.
Analysis on differentially expressed genes in watermelon rind color based on RNA–Seq

In order to screen the genes controlling watermelon rind color and luster, the experiment was carried out with yellow watermelon skin mutants as tester and green wild type watermelon as control, and transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were done. The results show that 34.27Gb clean data were got by transcriptome sequencing. There are 261 differentially expressed genes among Y_1_vs_G_1, Y_2_vs_G_2 and Y_3_vs_G_3. The pathways contenting most differentially expressed genes are plant hormone signal transduction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, photosynthesis pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (Cla002942), alcohol dehydrogenase (Cla004992), photosystem I reaction center subunit III, chloroplastic (precursor) (Cla009181), long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase (Cla017341), threonine dehydratase biosynthetic (Cla018352) candidates genes were screened out.
In vivo field recordings effectively monitor the mouse cortex and hippocampus under isoflurane anesthesia

Isoflurane is a widely used inhaled anesthetic in the clinical setting. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on consciousness is under discussion. Therefore, we investigated the effect of isoflurane on the hippocampus and cortex using an in vivo field recording approach. Our results showed that 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.4% isoflurane exerted an inhibitory influence on the mouse hippocampus and cortex. Further, high frequency bands in the cortex and hippocampus showed greater suppression with increasing isoflurane concentration. Our findings suggest that in vivo field recordings can monitor the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on the mouse cortex and hippocampus.
Focusing on caveolin-1 in CNS autoimmune disease: multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading autoimmune disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) that affects over 2.5 million people globally. Clinically, the disease is characterized with severe neurological defects and motor disabilities such as paresis and paralysis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-defined laboratory animal model of MS that mimics key features of disease including aberrant auto-reactive immune activations in the periphery, CNS oriented pathogenic immune infiltrations, the pathological formation of demyelination in the CNS lesions and symptomatic consequences such as motor disabilities (Ontaneda et al., 2012). Although the etiopathogenesis of MS remained largely obscured, it is well recognized that the trafficking of encephalitogenic leukocytes, from the circulating blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltrated into the parenchyma of CNS tissues, is a hallmark process that greatly contributes to disease development. In fact, the efficient trafficking and extravasations of these highly pathogenic immune cells into the CNS tissues are prerequisites for triggering neuroinflammation, the formations of pathological lesions in the CNS and sebsequently the development of the clinical symptoms of MS and EAE (Goverman, 2009).
Multiple sclerosis: integration of modeling with biology, clinical and imaging measures to provide better monitoring of disease progression and prediction of outcome

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $28 billion in the United States. MS is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a variety of locations throughout the brain; therefore, this disease is never the same in two patients making it very hard to predict disease progression. A modeling approach which combines clinical, biological and imaging measures to help treat and fight this disorder is needed. In this paper, I will outline MS as a very heterogeneous disorder, review some potential solutions from the literature, demonstrate the need for a biomarker and will discuss how computational modeling combined with biological, clinical and imaging data can help link disparate observations and decipher complex mechanisms whose solutions are not amenable to simple reductionism.