mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Calculating pH-dependent free energy of proteins by using Monte Carlo protonation probabilities of ionizable residues

Protein folding, stability, and function are usually influenced by pH. And free energy plays a fundamental role in analysis of such pH-dependent properties. Electrostatics-based theoretical framework using dielectric solvent continuum model and solving Poisson-Boltzmann equation numerically has been shown to be very successful in understanding the pH-dependent properties. However, in this approach the exact computation of pH-dependent free energy becomes impractical for proteins possessing more than several tens of ionizable sites (e.g. > 30), because exact evaluation of the partition function requires a summation over a vast number of possible protonation microstates. Here we present a method which computes the free energy using the average energy and the protonation probabilities of ionizable sites obtained by the well-established Monte Carlo sampling procedure. The key feature is to calculate the entropy by using the protonation probabilities. We used this method to examine a well-studied protein (lysozyme) and produced results which agree very well with the exact calculations. Applications to the optimum pH of maximal stability of proteins and protein-DNA interactions have also resulted in good agreement with experimental data. These examples recommend our method for application to the elucidation of the pH-dependent properties of proteins.
Overexpression of sigma-1 receptor inhibits ADAM10 and ADAM17 mediated shedding in vitro

The sigma-1 receptor is a molecular chaperone protein highly enriched in the brain. Recent studies linked it to many diseases, such as drug addition, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, depression, and even cancer. Sigma-1 receptor is enriched in lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains essential in signaling processes. One of those signaling processes is ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent ectodomain shedding. By using an alkaline phosphatase tagged substrate reporter system, we have shown that ADAM10-dependent BTC shedding was very sensitive to both membrane lipid component change and sigma-1 receptor agonist DHEAS treatment while ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF shedding was not; and overexpression of sigma-1 receptor diminished ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent shedding. Our results indicate that sigma-1 receptor plays an important role in modifying the function of transmembrane proteases.
广东省出口农产品质量安全基地化管理实践与对策

总结了广东出口农产品基地建设情况,在分析现阶段广东出口农产品基地管理优势和存在问题的基础上,指出提高广东农产品出口竞争力的有效对策之一是继续建设完善出口农产品基地,并提出四大对策措施以破解出口农产品备案基地少、影响农产品出口、阻碍外向型经济发展等问题。
从吉林省增产“百亿斤”商品粮目标探讨耐密玉米品种选育

针对吉林省政府提出的增产"百亿斤"商品粮的目标,结合吉林省玉米育种实际,提出在土地面积有限的情况下必须提高玉米产量。分析了吉林省玉米育种的方向、存在问题,确定了新时期吉林省玉米育种的目标为高产稳产、耐密株型、生育期适宜、雌雄开花同步、穗长中等、抗逆性强、适应区广、制种产量高、适合机械化;提出实现这一目标的有效途径。
Enoplus taipingensis,a new species of marine nematode from the rocky intertidal seaweeds in the Taiping Bay,Qingdao

One new species of free-living marine nematodes Enoplus taipingensis sp.nov.from the rocky intertidal seaweeds in the Taiping Bay,Qingdao is described and illustrated with scanning electron microscopy observation and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Enoplus taipingensis is characterized by special arrangement of lateral setae on the tail,three cervical setae,distal structure on the supplement,and much longer body length with bigger De Man ratio "a".Type specimens are deposited in the College of Marine Life Science,Ocean University of China.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of a photovoltaic system based on dual carrier chaotic search

The output power of the photovoltaic (PV) array changes with the change in external environment and load. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is needed to maximize the efficiency of the PV device. At present, existing methods have realized MPPT to some extent. However, the tracking precision and speed remain to be improved. In the current paper, the chaos search theory is first applied on the MPPT technology of the PV system. The chaos search algorithm based on dual carrier increases the adequacy of chaos search and overcomes the blindness of the traditional chaos search, thereby improving the search efficiency. Comparative tests show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately track the step response, and can obtain better optimization results. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed method.
Newton-conjugate gradient (CG) augmented Lagrangian method for path constrained dynamic process optimization

In this paper, a Newton-conjugate gradient (CG) augmented Lagrangian method is proposed for solving the path constrained dynamic process optimization problems. The path constraints are simplified as a single final time constraint by using a novel constraint aggregation function. Then, a control vector parameterization (CVP) approach is applied to convert the constraints simplified dynamic optimization problem into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem with inequality constraints. By constructing an augmented Lagrangian function, the inequality constraints are introduced into the augmented objective function, and a box constrained NLP problem is generated. Then, a linear search Newton-CG approach, also known as truncated Newton (TN) approach, is applied to solve the problem. By constructing the Hamiltonian functions of objective and constraint functions, two adjoint systems are generated to calculate the gradients which are needed in the process of NLP solution. Simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
外阴恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例及文献复习

对于本例患者,理想的治疗方式应进一步行广泛切除术,同时行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,术后可不考虑放疗;或者单纯行边缘切除术,术后应补充放疗,密切随访。术后随访除了注意局部病变的复发,还要注意肺部转移病灶的发生。
广西面向基层卫生的医学文献共享平台的分析

医学文献是介绍医学科学发展动态,反映医学学术水平,传递医学学术信息和开展医学学术讨论的重要载体[1]。关注和学习医学文献有助于提高医生的诊疗水平。但这些医学文献通常只存在于图书馆或专业性数据库中,基层医院资料室存在藏书少、馆藏陈旧及经费拮据等问题,一些乡镇卫生院甚至没有图书馆或相应的学习条件。而许多城市的大、中院校以及科研机构建立了完整、丰富的文献信息资源体系,但这些资源通常只面向内部人员使用,很少对外交流。
右下腹精原细胞瘤1例的报道

1临床资料患者,男,41岁,因体检发现右下腹包块1个月,于2010年12月2日来本院就诊。既往体健,有"慢性胃炎"病史1年,余无特别。入院查体:体温36.3℃,脉搏72次/min,呼吸19次/min,血压110mm Hg/70mm Hg;神志清楚,精神尚可,营养中等;心、肺未见明显异常;腹平软,无胃肠型及蠕动波,全腹无明显压痛,无反跳痛及肌紧张;右下腹可扪及一个约8cm×6cm大小包块,质中,边界尚清,活动度欠佳,包块区无压痛;肝、脾肋下未扪及,肝、肾区无明显叩击痛;移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音3~4次/min;肛门指检未见明显异常。
支撑喉镜、纤维喉镜下手术切除声带息肉的疗效观察

目的比较支撑喉镜和纤维喉镜下手术切除声带息肉的临床疗效。方法选择该院2008年7月至2010年7月收治的声带息肉患者180例,均经病理组织学检查证实。患者随机分为两组,即支撑喉镜组(n=90)和纤维喉镜组(n=90),分别采用支撑喉镜组、纤维喉镜下手术切除声带息肉。随访患者半年以上,采用纤维喉镜复查声带情况,观察声带边缘光滑及整齐程度、声带的闭合情况和患者发声的主观感受。结果支撑喉镜组治愈率为90.0%(81/90),纤维喉镜组治愈率为70.0%(63/90),两组患者的治愈率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论纤维喉镜下和支持喉镜下手术切除声带息肉均能获得满意治疗效果,但支撑喉镜手术治愈率高于纤维喉镜。
PKCθ的结构和功能及其在免疫相关疾病中的研究进展

PKCθ是一种不依赖Ca~(2+)激活的nPKC亚型之一,主要在T细胞、骨骼肌细胞和造血系统中表达。它是抗原刺激T细胞后唯一转位于免疫突触的PKC亚型,通过参与胞内信号转导进而调控T细胞的活化和存活以及肿瘤的发生和发展。此外,PKCθ在不同的组织中发挥不同的生理作用。PKCθ参与骨骼肌内胰岛素信号通路的调控,与胰岛素抵抗相关联;PKCθ与血小板的激活和血栓形成密切相关。本文对近年来PKCθ及其在相关疾病中的最新研究作一综述。
进行大体标本取材时自身性防御方案的研究

一直以来，进行甲醛气体防御研究方面总是不能脱离排气与隔离的常规思路，而加强排气与隔离的措施不仅单一，还受许多因素的制约。如隔离得太好会影响取材的操作，而加强排气会因为不断地打开标本而导致整个排气的滞后性和局限性。在卫生部颁发的《病理科建设与管理指南(试行) 》中明确提出，病理科应当严格执行《使用有毒物品作业场所劳动保护条例》，应当按照生物防护级别配备必要的安全设备和个人防护用品[1]。文件对病理取材医师和记录医师的防护要求是严格的、明确的。如何能最大限度地减少大体标本取材时甲醛气体对病理工作者的伤害，笔者认为，除了常规的隔离和排气外，换一种防御思路是病理医师自身防御取得突破的关键，而多种思路、多种措施并行是病理医师自身防御的必然之路。
浆细胞样树突状细胞与调节性T细胞在移植免疫研究中的新进展

浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)是一类在病毒入侵时分泌Ⅰ型IFN并介导细胞免疫应答的抗原提呈细胞,除了启动获得性免疫应答,它们在扩增调节性T细胞及介导免疫耐受方面也发挥着重要的作用。结合最新研究,此文着重介绍pDC诱导、扩增调节性T细胞及其介导免疫耐受的分子机制,并对pDC来源在介导耐受中的作用进行了介绍,其对于免疫耐受的影响与受者所处的免疫环境、免疫效应发生部位密切有关。深入研究pDC与移植免疫耐受间的密切联系将有助于探讨临床细胞免疫治疗的更多可能性。
微创介入疗法治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症38例

青少年腰椎间盘突出症较少见,发病率为1%~5%[1,2],其治疗方法仍存在争仪。有学者提倡青少年腰椎间盘突出症应以非手术治疗为主;而另有学者认为,青少年椎间盘突出症多数患者软骨终板破裂,且常与局部骺环一起突入椎管内,突出物内常含有软骨及骨的成分, 因此提倡尽早开放手术治疗。我院在2005年10月~ 2011年3月间用微创介入方法治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症38例, 现报告如下。
生脉注射液治疗19例扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者的血流动力学观察

将38例扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者随机均分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组在综合治疗基础上加用生脉注射液静滴,对照组给予西医综合治疗。两组治疗前后分别用无创血流动力学监测仪,选取心率(HR)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量(SV)、收缩时间比率(STR)、胸腔液体水平(TFC)等血流动力学参数,做血流动力学定量评估。生脉注射液治疗3 d后,治疗组与对照组比较,CO、SV、CI升高,STR、TFC下降(P<0.05)。生脉注射液可改善扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者的血流动力学。
超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流在重症急性胰腺炎治疗价值的探讨:附57例报告

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)在治疗重症急性胰腺炎急性液体积聚的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析1998年1月—2008年12月57例重症急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,57例患者均有急性液体积聚,28例行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗(引流治疗组),29例未穿刺引流行保守治疗(保守治疗组);两组患者在年龄,性别,CT严重指数(CTSI),APACHEⅡ评分等方面无统计学差异,具可比性。结果:引流治疗组与保守治疗组病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);引流治疗组与保守治疗组比较,胰腺假性囊肿的发生率低(P=0.033),住院时间短(P=0.002),中转手术率低(P=0.043)。结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎可降低并发症,在治疗重症急性胰腺炎急性液体积聚有一定的治疗价值。
尾骨反弓畸形1例

通常尾骨数目3~6块不等，以4块多见~([1])。原始尾椎由一个中心开始骨化，婴幼儿1~12个月出现第1尾骨，3~10岁出现第2尾骨，10~13岁出现第3尾骨，第4尾骨出现于15~18岁。一般情况下，成年人第1尾椎常与骶骨融合，部分尾椎分段融合也较多见，但整个尾椎融合为一体，并发反弓畸形较少见。正常情况下，骶骨存在一定的生理曲度。可用Radilauer骶骨测量法测定，骶骨曲度指数=骶骨最大深度（B）/腹侧弦（A）×100%，正常指数>12%。此患者为8.9%，提示骶骨曲度较差。尾骨曲度应延顺骶骨指向前下方，但此患者却表现为反弓，向后外突出，致使局部皮肤隆突，形成“短尾征”，平卧硬板床时受压引起疼痛。出现疼痛时，可进行保守治疗，如局部理疗、封闭等。患者应尽量改变坐姿，即用大腿坐，以减少臀部的持重和压力。睡眠时取侧卧位，避免硬板床直接压迫患处。如果疼痛反复发作，并发尾骨韧带或筋膜慢性炎症，则首选手术切除尾骨，效果良好。
宫腔镜的消毒与保养

宫腔镜作为侵入性医疗器械,由于其材质特殊,结构复杂,且价格昂贵,使用后消毒灭菌的难度较大,在进行检查、切割、分离等操作时,如无菌观念不强或消毒不彻底,易造成医院感染,故宫腔镜的清洗、消毒尤显重要。
洁净手术室人为因素对控制医院感染的重要性

洁净手术室的使用和管理离不开医务工作者,人为的因素是洁净手术室洁净度的重要因素。因此,预防和控制医院感染,提高治愈率,人为的因素至关重要。我院自2008年1月使用洁净手术室以来,为了保障手术室的洁净度,分析了很多的原因,采取了科学的方法和严谨的管理措施,有效地降低了手术感染率,提高了手术质量。
2011版美国儿科学会《儿童青少年注意缺陷多动障碍诊断、评估和治疗临床实用指南》解读

2011年10月美国儿科学会(AAP)发布了新的注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)指南——《儿童青少年ADHD诊断、评估和治疗临床实用指南》[1]。AAP首次发表的临床指南是2000年的《ADHD儿童诊断与评估指南》[2];随后,2001年发表了《ADHD儿童治疗指南》[3]。ADHD是儿童时期最常见的一种神经行为障碍,美国学龄期儿童ADHD患病率为3%~5%[4]。中国人群ADHD发生率也在逐渐增高,但目前尚无大样本流行病学调查资料。ADHD患儿主要临床表现为注意力障碍、活动过度、冲动、控制力差等,对其学业成绩、适应能力、社会交往能力等造成广泛影响,70%~80%的ADHD患儿症状可持续至青少年期甚至成年期,易发展为反社会人格、品行障碍、药物或酒精滥用、青少年违法、成年期就业不良,并易发生安全事故(如车祸等),这也引起患儿家长、老师乃至全社会关注。目前针对ADHD的治疗主要包括药物治疗和行为治疗。近年来,随着新的信息和证据不断涌现,AAP依照循证医学原理重新修订了已发指南以指导临床工作。本文就该指南的重点内容进行解读如下。
应用SAS和SPSS进行复杂抽样

目的介绍如何应用SAS和SPSS进行复杂抽样,并比较SAS和SPSS两种统计分析软件在处理复杂抽样数据上的准确性和一致性。方法采用SAS和SPSS对同一抽样总体实施分层随机重复抽样,并利用这两种工具中的复杂抽样数据处理模块分析复杂抽样样本并比较其结果。结果两种工具对应的参数估计值基本接近,SAS得到的标准误略高于SPSS的标准误;全样本估计值的变异系数均在5%以下,而子总体估计值的变异系数较全总体高。重复抽样过程显示,SAS程序运行速度更快。结论两种工具均善于灵活处理复杂抽样数据,现有模块也都能满足大多数复杂抽样调查数据的分析要求。其中,SPSS可采用图形化用户操作界面,操作简单;SAS运行速度更快,在重复抽样及模拟实验上显示出一定的优势。
辽宁省朝阳市2005~2009年度甲型肝炎发病特征的研究

甲型肝炎是由甲型肝炎病毒引起的一种重要的肠道传染病。该病发病率高且易引起水型或食物型的爆发、流行,是我国法定管理的乙类传染病。本文将辽宁省朝阳市2005~2009年度甲型肝炎发病特征报告如下。
2004~2009年隆林各族自治县法定报告乙丙类传染病疫情分析

目的了解隆林各族自治县近6年法定传染病的发病态势,分析其流行特征和规律,为制定防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法收集该县2004~2009年的乙类和丙类法定传染病疫情资料,采用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果全县近6年报告乙类和丙类传染病共22种5184例,人群年均发病率为233.21/10万,其中乙类传染病14种4545例,人群年均发病率为204.46/10万。年发病率居前5位的是肺结核、病毒性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、痢疾、淋病。传染病死亡人数共57例,人群死亡率为2.56/10万,其中狂犬病患者占总死亡人数的82.46%,新生儿破伤风死亡占12.28%。结论该县近6年乙丙类传染病发病率呈逐年增多趋势,旧病种复燃且不断出现新病种,狂犬病是导致当地人群死亡的主要传染病病种,应进一步加强传染病的监控和预防。
The Excellent Extensions of Rings and Copure Dimensions

Let R be a noetherian ring and S an excellent extension of R.cid(M) denotes the copure injective dimension of M and cfd(M) denotes the copure flat dimension of M.We prove that if M S is a right S-module then cid(M S)=cid(M R) and if S M is a left S-module then cfd(S M)=cfd(R M).Moreover,cid-D(S)=cid-D(R) and cfd-D(S)=cfdD(R).
亚硝酸钠对小鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的细胞保护作用

过去人们普遍认为亚硝酸盐是一种致癌剂,但这种观点一直未得到实验证实~([1])。亚硝酸盐对人体的另一种危害是导致高铁血红蛋白血症,但这需要一次摄入大量亚硝酸盐。最近人们对亚硝酸盐的生物学作用又有了新的认识,发现亚硝酸盐是一种一氧化氮供体,可特异性的在缺氧酸性环境被还原为一氧化氮~([2])。合适浓度的一氧化氮对过氧化损伤的肝细胞有保护作用~([3])。由此，课题组联想到酒精也是经过氧化损伤肝细胞，慢性酒精作用可以导致肝纤维化甚至肝硬化，从而导致肝脏内部呈现缺氧酸性环境。从理论上推测，补充少量的亚硝酸钠(sodium nitrite，SN)，可以使亚硝酸根离子在慢性酒精损伤的肝脏组织内被还原为一氧化氮，拮抗酒精对肝细胞的损伤。为此，课题组选用C57BL/6 ♂小鼠制作了慢性酒精肝损伤模型，初步观察了亚硝酸钠对慢性酒精肝损伤的影响，为扩展亚硝酸盐药理作用提供实验依据。
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的免疫重塑——中药抗肿瘤治疗的新靶点

近年来研究表明,肿瘤间质中的巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAM)具有抗肿瘤和促进肿瘤的双向作用,其密度与多数肿瘤的血管生成、肿瘤的发生、发展及预后等相关[1]。目前,中医药对表型及功能调节、逆转促肿瘤生长作用等方面研究尚缺乏相关资料，但依据TAM来源及不同活化表型转换的内在机制，中医药对其的免疫重塑过程可能是免疫调节作用的新靶点。
50例顺产后阴道松弛症的手术治疗及功能锻炼的临床疗效观察

目的探讨手术结合功能锻炼对顺产后阴道松弛症的治疗效果。方法选取2006年9月至2010年12月在本科就诊的50例患者进行回顾性分析,采用手术恢复损伤肛提肌的解剖结构,并进行功能康复锻炼。结果50例受术者均愈合良好,没有出现阴道直肠瘘或感染并发症。术后随访6个月至2年,多数受术者自诉对术后效果满意,感觉阴道收缩有力,无下垂感,排尿、排便控制自如,夫妻性生活和谐。结论顺产后阴道松弛症是由于肌肉损伤引起,根据肛提肌损伤的情况,手术收紧肛提肌,保留阴道黏膜的完整性,并配合功能康复锻炼促进肌肉及阴道的弹性恢复,可以矫正阴道松弛,提高患者性生活质量,效果确切。
原发性心脏肿瘤的生物遗传学进展

心脏肿瘤是一种少见的肿瘤性疾病。尸体解剖显示,原发性心脏肿瘤的发生率为0.02%,其中75%为良性肿瘤,25%为恶性肿瘤~([1])。由于肿瘤生长于心脏,即使是良性肿瘤也可因心腔阻塞而导致心力衰竭,或因肿瘤和血栓栓子脱落发生肺循环或体循环栓塞,乃至猝死等严重并发症。且其在发病早期缺乏特异性表现,易被误诊及延误诊断,导致预后不良,所以对心脏肿瘤的早期认识和靶向诊断至关重要。近年来,随着分子生物学技术的发展,基因诊断技术为肿瘤的临床诊断、预后判断和治疗提供了新依据。目前,对于心脏肿瘤的特异性基因型也展开了相关研究,并获得了进一步的认识,现综述如下。
以偏侧肢体无力起病的低钾型周期性瘫痪误诊1例报道

低钾型周期性瘫痪是以反复发作的对称性骨骼肌迟缓性瘫痪、伴血清钾降低、补钾后能迅速缓解为特征的疾病。但以偏侧肢体无力起病的低钾型周期性瘫痪尚未见报道,现将我院收治的这例患者报道如下。
优质红香稻桂红一号的选育与应用

桂红一号是广西农业科学院水稻研究所以湖南农家传统红米为母本,广东农家传统红米为父本,配组杂交,经过多代定向选择育成的早晚兼用型红香米新品种。该品种表现株叶型好、分蘖力强、产量高、米质优、适应性广、生育期适中。2009年5月通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜桂南、桂中稻作区早晚稻种植。
北疆滴灌小麦平衡施用氮磷效应研究

为了提高滴灌冬小麦产量,降低氮磷肥料的浪费,采用两因素不完全随机设计,研究了北疆中高产田氮磷对滴灌冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:在一定的范围内,施氮磷肥能够促进滴灌冬小麦增产,且二元二次拟合的相关系数达到了0.99。冬小麦的最高产量区间为氮水平200~360kg/hm~2,磷水平为0~100kg/hm~2。因此,北疆中高产田滴灌冬小麦生产中应适量施用氮肥,控施磷肥,配施锌等微量元素肥料,以保证获得高产并取得较好的经济效益。
关于我国农业科技创新体系建设几个问题的思考

以农作物育种和种业为例,讨论农业产业共性技术研发的社会需求及组织管理特点,并对科技体制改革要素做粗浅分析,包括对社会公益性和市场竞争性两种研发系统的区别管理。阐述了科研机构分类改革、科学家岗位设置、经费来源和行为约束等需要进一步探讨的问题,明确了国家农业科技创新体系的合理定位。
无痛人工流产术中B超监测的应用

人工流产手术仅凭术者根据宫腔的缩小、子宫壁粗糙及吸管紧贴宫壁的包裹感判断吸宫是否完全存在很大隐患。尤其对于复杂的人工流产，如早孕并发子宫畸形、子宫肌瘤、瘢痕子宫等更容易造成子宫穿孔、吸宫不全、大出血、感染及宫腔黏连等。无痛技术和B超监测的结合使人工流产术日益完善。B超引导下的人工流产术，实时监测手术操作的全过程，提高了手术的一次性成功率与安全性。术中由超声医生引导手术医生准确确定孕囊位置、大小，完整吸取孕囊;吸管在宫腔内运行轨迹完全在B超监控中，避免穿出子宫外造成穿孔;吸刮宫腔蜕膜组织时可以观察到子宫收缩情况，随时处理出血;随着子宫的收缩，宫腔线也渐变清晰，显示吸宫完全干净，无需反复吸宫，避免宫腔黏连等并发症的发生。
新生儿败血症病原菌构成及耐药性分析

新生儿免疫功能较差,易发生细菌感染而导致败血症。血培养成为其诊断和病情监测的重要手段。本文回顾性分析本院新生儿败血症患者血培养分离菌株的分布及耐药性,以期指导临床医生合理用药。
多发性骨髓瘤患者M蛋白水平的回顾性分析

目的回顾分析113例多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者的血清免疫固定电泳(IFE)及血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)的M蛋白的测定结果,探讨M蛋白在MM诊断中的应用。方法对113例确诊为MM的患者同时做免疫固定电泳(IFE)、血清蛋白质电泳和Ig定量测定,并对结果进行分析比较。结果113例MM患者年龄≥50岁者居多(95人),50岁以下较少(18人),男性略多于女性(66∶47);IgG类MM所占比例最高(51.3%),IgM类MM最低(4.4%);无论是Kappa型还是Lambda型M蛋白,κ/λ比值均显著异常。各指标检出M蛋白的阳性率κ/λ最高(73.5%),血清Ig定量最低(47.8%)。结论M蛋白分类和分型对临床MM的诊断和治疗可提供重要依据。
KIR的检测技术及其与自身免疫病的研究进展

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(killer cell Ig-like receptor,KIR)是位于天然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)及部分T细胞表面的一种Ig样受体,具有高度多态性。KIR与其配体MHC-I及相关分子结合、相互作用,可调节自身活化阈值,决定NK细胞的活化或者抑制。KIR的检测方法正向高通量、快速、准确方向发展。部分自身免疫病现已证明与KIR及其受体的多态性有关。
Overexpression of Dickkopf-3 induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in human colon cancer

AIM:To investigate the mechanisms of the biological roles of Dickkopf-3(Dkk-3) in cell invasion,survival and apoptosis in colon cancer cells.METHODS:Three human colon cancer cell lines,i.e.,HT-29,LoVo and SW480,were used.Overexpression of Dkk-3 induced by pEGFP-N1-Dkk-3-GFP plasmid in LoVo cells was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of Dkk-3,respectively.Cell proliferation assay,cell cycle analysis,hoechst 33258 assay and Matrigel invasion assay were performed on Dkk-3 overexpressing transfectants.RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expressions of Dkk-3 in HT-29(mRNA:0.06 ± 0.02,protein:0.06 ± 0.01) and LoVo(mRNA:0.07 ± 0.02,protein:0.07 ± 0.02) cells were significantly lower than that in SW480 cells(mRNA:0.92 ± 0.04,protein:0.69 ± 0.13;all P < 0.05),and the greatest levels of invasiveness wasin LoVo cells.Dkk-3 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LoVo cells and induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and subsequent apoptosis,as indicated by increased chromatin condensation and fragments,upregulated Bax and cytochrome c protein,downregulated survivin and Bcl-2 protein,and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9.Furthermore,Dkk-3 overexpression reduced the accumulation of cytosolic fraction of β-catenin.CONCLUSION:Dkk-3 overexpression induced apoptosis in human colon cancer possibly through the mitochondrial pathway.Dkk-3 may be involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in colon cancer.
Branched-chain amino acid treatment before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To examine the significance of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) treatment before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:This study included 99 patients who underwent TACE therapy for HCC at our hospital and were followed up without treatment for at least 6 mo between January 2004 and January 2010.They were divided into 2 groups:those receiving BCAA granules (n=40) or regular diet (n=59,control).Data obtained were retrospectively analyzed (prior to TACE,and 1 wk,1,3,and 6 mo after TACE) in terms of nutritional condition and clinical laboratory parameters (serum albumin level and Child-Pugh score),both of which are determinants of hepatic functional reserve.RESULTS:The BCAA group comprised 27 males and 13 females with a mean age of 69.9 ± 8.8 years.The patients of the BCAA group were classified as follows:Child-Pugh A/B/C in 22/15/3 patients,and Stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ /ⅣA HCC in 12/23/5 patients,respectively.The controlgroup comprised 32 males and 27 females with a mean age of 73.2 ± 10.1 years.In the control group,9 patients had chronic hepatitis,Child-Pugh A/B/C in 39/10/1 patients,and StageⅠ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/ⅣA HCC in 1/11/35/12 patients,respectively.Overall,both serum albumin level and Child-Pugh score improved significantly in the BCAA group as compared with the control 3 and 6 mo after TACE (P < 0.05).Further analysis was performed by the following categorization:(1) child-Pugh classification;(2) liver cirrhosis subgroup with a serum albumin level > 3.5 g/dL;and (3) epirubicin dose.A similar trend indicating a significant improvement of all variables in the BCAA group was noted (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Treatment with BCAA granules in patients who have undergone TACE for HCC is considered useful to maintain their hepatic functional reserve.
Polymorphisms of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes are associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Brazilian population

AIM:To investigate toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)-196 to-174 del,and TLR4(+896A/G rs4986790 and +1196C/T rs4986791) polymorphisms at risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in a Brazilian population and association of gastric lesions with risk factors such as smoking,alcohol intake and Helicobacter pylori infection.METHODS:In this case-control study,polymorphism at TLR2-196 to-174 del was investigated by using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method,while the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was carried out to identify the TLR4(rs4986790 and rs4986791) genotypes in 607 Brazilian individuals(208 with chronic gastritis-CG,174 with gastric cancer-GC and 225 controls-C).RESULTS:The single nucleotide polymorphisms TLR4 +1196C/T was not associated with risk of chronic gastritis or gastric cancer and the homozygous genotypes TLR4 +896GG and TLR4 +1196TT were absent in the studied population.However,the frequency of TLR2-196 to-174 ins/del + del/del and TLR4 +896AG genotypes was significantly higher(P < 0.01 and P = 0.01,respectively) in the cancer group(33.4% and 11.5%,respectively) than in the control group(16.9% and 4.5%,respectively).It was also observed that the G-C haplotype of the TLR4 +896A/G+1196C/T(P = 0.02) and the combination of variant alleles of the TLR2 /TLR4 +896G(P = 0.02) are associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer.In addition,the multiple logistic regression showed that male gender [odds ratio(OR) = 2.70;95% CI:1.66-4.41;P < 0.01],alcohol intake(OR = 2.93;95% CI:1.76-4.87;P < 0.01),TLR2-196 to-174 del(OR = 2.64;95% CI:1.56-4.44;P < 0.01) and TLR4 +896G(OR = 3.19;95% CI:1.347.61;P < 0.01) polymorphisms were associated with a higher susceptibility to developing this neoplasm.CONCLUSION:Our data indicate that TLR2-196 to-174 del and TLR4 +896G may increase the risk of gastric cancer in a Brazilian population.
Magnifying endoscopy in upper gastroenterology for assessing lesions before completing endoscopic removal

Any prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is closely related to the stage of the disease at diagnosis.Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) have been performed as curative treatments for many early-stage GI lesions in recent years.The technologies have been widely accepted in many Asian countries because they are minimally invasive and supply thorough histopathologic evaluation of the specimens.However,before engaging in endoscopic therapy,an accurate diagnosis is a precondition to effecting the complete cure of the underlying malignancy or carcinoma in situ.For the past few years,many new types of endoscopic techniques,including magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (MENBI),have emerged in many countries because these methods provide a strong indication of early lesions and are very useful in determining treatment options before ESD or EMR.However,to date,there is no comparable classification equivalent to "Kudo’s Pit Pattern Classification in the colon",for the upper GI,there is still no clear internationally accepted classification system of magnifying endoscopy.Therefore,in order to help unify some viewpoints,here we will review the defining optical imaging characteristics and the current representative classifications of microvascular and microsurface patterns in the upper GI tract under ME-NBI,describe the accurate relationship between them and the pathological diagnosis,and their clinical applications prior to ESD or en bloc EMR.We will also discuss assessing the differentiation and depth of invasion,defying the lateral spread of involvement and targeting biopsy in real time.
Genetically modified mouse models for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is associated with obesity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.NAFLD represents a large spectrum of diseases ranging from(1) fatty liver(hepatic steatosis);(2) steatosis with inflammation and necrosis;to(3) cirrhosis.The animal models to study NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) are extremely useful,as there are still many events to be elucidated in the pathology of NASH.The study of the established animal models has provided many clues in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis,but these remain incompletely understood.The different mouse models can be classified in two large groups.The first one includes genetically modified(transgenic or knockout) mice that spontaneously develop liver disease,and the second one includes mice that acquire the disease after dietary or pharmacological manipulation.Although the molecular mechanism leading to the development of hepatic steatosis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex,genetically modified animal models may be a key for the treatment of NAFLD.Ideal animal models for NASH should closely resemble the pathological characteristics observed in humans.To date,no single animal model has encompassed the full spectrum of human disease progression,but they can imitate particular characteristics of human disease.Therefore,it is important that the researchers choose the appropriate animal model.This review discusses various genetically modified animal models developed and used in research on NAFLD.