mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in western Serbia using hybrid support vector regression (SVR) with GWO, BAT and COA algorithms

In this study, we developed multiple hybrid machine-learning models to address parameter optimization limitations and enhance the spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility models. We created a geographic information system database, and our analysis results were used to prepare a landslide inventory map containing 359 landslide events identified from Google Earth, aerial photographs, and other validated sources. A support vector regression (SVR) machine-learning model was used to divide the landslide inventory into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. The landslide susceptibility map was produced using 14 causative factors. We applied the established graywolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, bat algorithm(BA), and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) to fine-tune the parameters of the SVR model to improve its predictive accuracy. The resultant hybrid models, SVR-GWO, SVR-BA, and SVR-COA, were validated in terms of the area under curve (AUC) and root mean square error (RMSE). The AUC values for the SVR-GWO (0.733), SVR-BA (0.724), and SVR-COA (0.738) models indicate their good prediction rates for landslide susceptibility modeling. SVR-COA had the greatest accuracy, with anRMSE of 0.21687, and SVR-BA had the least accuracy, with anRMSE of 0.23046. The three optimized hybrid models outperformed the SVR model (AUC = 0.704, RMSE = 0.26689), confirming the ability of metaheuristic algorithms to improve model performance.
Flash flood susceptibility mapping using a novel deep learning model based on deep belief network, back propagation and genetic algorithm

Flash floods are responsible for loss of life and considerable property damage in many countries. Flood susceptibility maps contribute to flood risk reduction in areas that are prone to this hazard if appropriately used by landuse planners and emergency managers. The main objective of this study is to prepare an accurate flood susceptibility map for the Harazwatershed in Iran using a novel modeling approach (DBPGA) based on Deep Belief Network (DBN) with Back Propagation (BP) algorithm optimized by the Genetic Algorithm (GA). For this task, a database comprising ten conditioning factors and 194 flood locationswas created using the One-R Attribute Evaluation (ORAE) technique. Various well-known machine learning and optimization algorithms were used as benchmarks to compare the prediction accuracy of the proposed model. Statistical metrics include sensitivity, specificity accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve (AUC) were used to assess the validity of the proposed model. The result shows that the proposed model has the highest goodness-of-fit (AUC=0.989) and prediction accuracy (AUC=0.985), and based on the validation dataset it outperforms benchmark models including LR (0.885), LMT (0.934), BLR (0.936), ADT (0.976), NBT (0.974), REPTree (0.811), ANFIS-BAT (0.944), ANFIS-CA (0.921), ANFIS-IWO (0.939), ANFIS-ICA (0.947), and ANFIS-FA (0.917). We conclude that the DBPGA model is an excellent alternative tool for predicting flash flood susceptibility for other regions prone to flash floods.
Synergy between the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UNFCCC in China

The Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are the two most important environmental conventions for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Both conventions have carried out a variety of work and established a joint working group to promote synergy. This study reviews the cooperation process between both conventions, and identifies the gaps in the synergistic mechanism by analyzing the status of implementation in China. The following problems in China were found to be associated with convention implementation: 1) shortage of coordination among implementing organization; 2) the existing strategic plans lack planning for synergistic implementation; 3) the monitoring system lacks coordination management, thus making the sharing of monitoring results among each unit challenging; and 4) information sharing from partner ministries is inadequate. Combining the status of China's implementation and the experience of other contracting parties, the following strategies are proposed: 1) a synergistic implementation mechanism should be established at the national level; 2) a national strategic plan should be developed for synergistic implementation; 3) a monitoring system and management mechanism should be developed that comprehensively consider the monitoring indicators of each convention; and 4) an implementation information-sharing platform should be built.
Parameter feature extraction for hyperspectral detection of the shallow underwater target

For the detection of shallow underwater targets by the hyperspectrum,the information of the target is carried in the water-leaving radiation.However,the differences between the water-leaving radiation of the underwater target and the ocean background radiation are not significant,and the spectrum of the water-leaving radiation is sensitive to the changes of the marine environment.Therefore,taking the spectrum as the feature is not stable for hyperspectral detection of the underwater target.In this paper,we propose a parameter feature extraction method for hyperspectral detection of the shallow underwater target.The presence of an underwater target would change the optical properties of seawater in a local place.Based on that,a quasianalytical model of the water-leaving radiation is adopted to inverse the properties of the marine environment from the radiated spectrum.Then the inversed water depth and bottom reference reflectance are taken as the features.Simulation results show that the samples which belong to the water-leaving radiation of underwater target have higher inversed depth and reference reflectance than that belong to the ocean background radiation.Furthermore,these two kinds of samples can be separated significantly and stably in a 2-dimension feature space.
One-step laser induced conversion of a gelatin-coated polyimide film into graphene:Tunable morphology,surface wettability and microsupercapacitor applications

Latest advances have witnessed the laser induction process on polyimide (PI) films for the formation of porous graphene.Herein,a fully converted graphene film was prepared by Nd:YAG laser scribing a gelatin coated PI film.It was found that the gelatin played the role of “shield” well in absorbing intense laser impact and benefit for the surface morphology modulation.Laser treatment lower than a critical fluence point of ~4.00 J mm~(-2) contributed to a crater-like surface morphology due to the dispersed nature of Nd:YAG laser beam.By tuning laser fluence above the threshold,carbonized surface turned into continuous morphology.A fluid dynamics process accompanied by outgassing occurred during the carbonization,and the surface morphology gradually varied from stretched droplets to porous strips and finally to amorphous porous structures.The morphology evolution in combination with surface chemistry is responsible for the significant wettability transition from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic,and a Janus superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface wettability was achieved under a laser fluence of ~8.00 J mm~(-2).Eventually,microsupercapacitors (MSCs) were fabricated to show the great potential of our prepared graphene in flexible electronics.
Spectroscopic investigation of defects mediated oxidization of single-layer MoS_2

Due to the extremely large surface to bulk ratio,the properties of single layer (SL) MoS_2 are largely determined by its interaction with environment.One critical interaction process that has been intensively investigated is the oxidation process of MoS_2.Despite numerous previous explorations,the detailed mechanism regarding how MoS_2 reacts with oxygen is still not well understood.In this work,we systematically investigate the impact of intrinsic and pre-created defects on the oxidation process of SL MoS_2.For pristine SL MoS_2,the oxidation is found to initiate near point defects and grain boundaries,leading to the formation of triangle pits in the basal plane and cracks near the grain boundaries.The pre-created defects introduced by ion irradiation are found to serve as the oxidation center,resulting in a more uniform oxidation process.The oxidation is found to introduce p-type doping in the SL MoS_2,leading to the blue shift of Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra.The shift is found to be more for the region near the grain boundary and for the samples with more pre-created defects.Our results suggest that the presence of defects can strongly promote the oxidation reaction of SL MoS_2 in ambient condition,which significantly affects the stability and functionality of materials.
Quartz crystallinity index: New quantitative evidence for biogenic silica of the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian organic-rich shale in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas, China

Quartz crystallinity index(QCI) was used to reflect the crystallisation of silica in the Late Ordovician Wufeng(WF) and Early Silurian Longmaxi(LM) Formation shale, as well as the airborne volcanic ash-derived silica in the Lucaogou Formation tuffaceous shale, to distinguish the two types of silica.The silica in different graptolite biozones exhibited different crystallisation.The WF2-3, LM1-4 graptolite biozones showed obviously lower QCI values than the LM5-9 graptolite biozones and the Lucaogou Formation samples.The graptolite organisms played the role of adsorption, fixation, and precipitation in silicon accumulation and enrichment in stratum.The biogenic origin caused the poorest quartz crystallisation in WF2-3 and LM1-4 graptolite biozones samples.The airborne volcanic ash-derived silica in the Lucaogou Formation tuffaceous shale exhibited relatively poor quartz crystallisation because of weaker diagenesis intensity.Generally, although the WF2-3 and LM1-4 graptolite biozones underwent strong diagenesis and contained a small amount of detrital quartz, the silica still exhibited lower QCI values than the airborne volcanic ash-derived silica in the Lucaogou Formation tuffaceous shale.The biogenic silica crystallisation was much poorer than that of the airborne volcanic ash-derived silica.QCI is an effective quantitative index to demonstrate the biogenic silica in the organic-rich and silica-rich shale.
A Malvaceae-specific miRNA targeting the newly duplicated GaZIP1L to regulate Zn~(2+) ion transporter capacity in cotton ovules

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants,yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown.Here,we acquired small RNA profiles from G.arboreum ovules and fibers collected at different growth stages,and identified 46 novel miRNAs that accounted for 23.7% of all miRNAs in G.arboreum reported in the latest plant sRNA database.Through analysis of 84 (including 38 conserved) differentially expressed G.arboreum miRNAs,we detected 215 putative protein-coding genes in 26 biological processes as their potential targets.A Malvaceae-specific novel miRNA named gar-miRN44 was found to likely regulate cotton ovule growth by targeting to a newly duplicated Zn~(2+) ion transporter gene GaZIP1L.During cotton ovule development,gar-miRN44 transcript level decreased sharply after 10 to 15 days post-anthesis (DPA),while that of the GaZIP1L increased significantly,with a concomitant increase of Zn~(2+) ion concentration in late ovule developmental stages.Molecular dynamics simulation and ion absorption analysis showed that GaZIP1L has stronger Zn~(2+) ion binding ability than the original GaZIP1,indicating that the newly evolved GaZIP1L may be more suitable for maintaining high Zn~(2+) ion transport capacity that is likely required for cotton ovule growth via enhanced cellulose synthase activities.Our systematic miRNA profiling in G.arboreum and characterization of gar-miRN44 not only contribute to the understanding of miRNA function in cotton,but also provide potential targets for plant breeding.
Achieving 16.68% efficiency ternary as-cast organic solar cells

State-of-the-art organic solar cells(OSCs) often require the use of high-boiling point additive or post-treatment such as temperature annealing and solvent vapor annealing to achieve the best efficiency.However, additives are not desirable in largescale industrial printing process, while post-treatment also increases the production cost.In this article, we report highly efficient ternary OSCs based on PM6:BTP-ClBr1:BTP-2O-4Cl-C12(weight ratio=1:1:0.2), with 16.68% power conversion efficiency(PCE) for as-cast device, relatively close to its annealed counterpart(17.19%).Apart from obvious energy tuning effect and complementary absorption spectra, the improved PCE of ternary device is mainly attributed to improved morphological properties including the more favorable materials miscibility, crystallinity, domain size and vertical phase separation, which endorse suppressed recombination.The result of this work provides understanding and guidance for high-performance as-cast OSCs through the ternary strategy.
Improving current and mitigating energy loss in ternary organic photovoltaics enabled by two well-compatible small molecule acceptors

Ternary organic photovoltaic(OPV) strategy is an effective but facile approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance for single-junction devices.Herein, a series of ternary OPVs were fabricated by employing a wide bandgap donor(PBDB-TF) and two acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)-type nonfullerene small molecule acceptors(NF-SMAs, called F-2Cl and 3TT-OCIC).As the third component, the near-infrared SMA, 3TT-OCIC, has complementary absorption spectrum, narrow bandgap and wellcompatible crystallization property to the host acceptor(F-2Cl) for efficient ternary OPVs.With these, the optimal ternary devices yield significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.23%, one of the very few examples with PCE higher than 15% other than Y6 systems.This is mainly attributed to the increased short-circuit current density of 24.92 mA cm~(-2) and dramatically decreased energy loss of 0.53 eV.This work presents a successful example for simultaneously improving current, minimizing energy loss and together with modifying the morphology of active layers in OPVs, which will contribute to the further construction of high performance ternary OPVs.
Suppressing trap states and energy loss by optimizing vertical phase distribution through ternary strategy in organic solar cells

Suppressing the trap-state density and the energy loss via ternary strategy was demonstrated.Favorable vertical phase distribution with donors(acceptors) accumulated(depleted) at the interface of active layer and charge extraction layer can be obtained by introducing appropriate amount of polymer acceptor N2200 into the systems of PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-TF:Y6.In addition, N2200 is gradiently distributed in the vertical direction in the ternary blend film.Various measurements were carried out to study the effects of N2200 on the binary systems.It was found that the optimized morphology especially in vertical direction can significantly decrease the trap state density of the binary blend films, which is beneficial for the charge transport and collection.All these features enable an obvious decrease in charge recombination in both PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-TF:Y6 based organic solar cells(OSCs), and power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of 12.5% and 16.42% were obtained for the ternary OSCs, respectively.This work indicates that it is an effective method to suppress the trap state density and thus improve the device performance through ternary strategy.
Oxygen-promoted synthesis of armchair graphene nanoribbons on Cu(111)

We report the systematic investigation of the effects of oxygen on the synthesis of 3p sub-family armchair graphene nanoribbons(3p-AGNRs), which revealed a strong catalytic effect with a reduction in the reaction temperature by approximately 180 K without degradation of the AGNRs.Poly(para-phenylene)(3-AGNR) was generated through Ullmann-type coupling of 4,4''-dibromo-p-terphenyl on Cu(111), which was then converted into wider 3p-AGNRs via lateral fusion.Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of different ribbons up to 12-AGNR, which contained regions exhibiting increased STM contrast that we attribute to the intercalation of Br atoms during lateral fusion.
Arylazopyrazole-functionalized photoswitchable octanuclear Zn(II)-silsesquioxane nanocage

Photoswitchable organic materials have shown significant advancement for photonic applications, however, the polynuclear metal clusters conjugated with photoswitching properties are still formidable.Herein, a novel octanuclear Zn(II) nanocage {[Zn_8-(Me_4Si_4O_8)_2(azopz)_8]·4CH_2Cl_2·MeOH·MeCN}(SD/Zn8)(Hazopz=3,5-dimethyl-4-(phenyldiazenyl)-1H-pyrazole), based on multidentate silsesquioxane and pyrazole modified by photoisomerizable azo group has been designed and synthesized to realize the reversible photoswitching behavior.X-ray crystallographic study reveals that the unique metal core consists of two annular Me_4Si_4O_8~(4-)sandwiching a ring of eight Zn atoms where the pyrazole end of azopz~- bridges them together.The azopz-ligands diverge above and below the plane defined by eight Zn atoms.Importantly, SD/Zn_8 shows quick trans-to-cis transformation upon 365 nm light irradiation, which can be easily changed back by 450 nm light, but slow cis-to-trans reversibility at room temperature as confirmed by UV-Vis and ~1H NMR spectroscopies.This process, which presumably regulates the spaces, acts like a pump and is completely repetitive.As such, it can be considered as a molecular pump energized by light.Importantly, the molecule is an energy reservoir where it absorbs the light energy and releases it slowly with time.
Single-wall carbon nanotube-containing cathode interfacial materials for high performance organic solar cells

Water/alcohol soluble cathode interfacial materials(CIMs) are playing important roles in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes, perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein, n-doped solution-processable single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)-containing CIMs for OSCs are developed by dispersing SWCNTs to the typical CIMs perylene diimide(PDI) derivatives PDIN and PDINO.The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) measurement results illustrate the ndoped behavior of SWCNTs by PDIN/PDINO in the blend CIMs.The blended and n-doped SWCNTs can tune the work function and enhance the conductivity of the PDI-derivative/SWCNT(PDI-CNT) composite CIMs, and the composite CIMs can regulate and down-shift the work function of cathode, reduce the charge recombination, improve the charge extraction rate and enhance photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.High power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 17.1% and 17.7% are obtained for the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and ternary PM6:Y6:PC71BM respectively with the PDI-CNT composites CIMs.These results indicate that the ndoped SWCNT-containing composites, like other n-doped nanomaterials such as zero dimensional fullerenes and two dimensional graphenes, are excellent CIMs for OSCs and could find potential applications in other optoelectronic devices.
15.4% Efficiency all-polymer solar cells

We report all-polymer solar cells(All-PSCs) with record-high power conversion efficiency(PCE) through tuning the molecular weights of the polymer donor(PBDB-T) to form optimal active layer morphology.By combining the polymer donors with a newly reported polymer acceptor(PJ1), an unprecedented high PCE of 15.4% and fill factor over 75% were achieved for the All-PSCs with the medium molecular weight polymer donor(PBDB-T_(MW)), which is the highest value for All-PSCs reported so far.Detailed morphology investigation revealed that the proper phase separation in the PBDB-T_(MW):PJ1 blend should account for the superior device performance as PBDB-T_(MW) exhibits appropriate miscibility with the polymer acceptor PJ1.These results demonstrated that the device performance of All-PSCs could be fully comparable to that of small molecular acceptor-based PSCs.The formation of optimized morphology via precise control of molecular weights of polymer donors and acceptors is crucial to achieve this goal.
Gross nitrogen transformations and N_2O emission sources in sandy loam and silt loam soils

The soil type is a key factor influencing N (nitrogen) cycling in soil; however, gross N transformations and N_2O emission sources are still poorly understood. In this study, a laboratory 15N tracing experiment was carried out at 60% WHC (water holding capacity) and 25ºC to evaluate the gross N transformation rates and N_2O emission pathways in sandy loam and silt loam soils in a semi-arid region of Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that the gross rates of N mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification were 3.60, 1.90, and 5.63 mg N/(kg·d) in silt loam soil, respectively, which were 3.62, 4.26, and 3.13 times those in sandy loam soil, respectively. The ratios of the gross nitrification rate to the ammonium immobilization rate (n/ia) in sandy loam soil and silt loam soil were all higher than 1.00, whereas the n/ia in sandy loam soil (4.36) was significantly higher than that in silt loam soil (3.08). This result indicated that the ability of sandy loam soil to release and conserve the available N was relatively poor in comparison with silt loam soil, and the relatively strong nitrification rate compared to the immobilization rate may lead to N loss through NO_3~- leaching. Under aerobic conditions, both nitrification and denitrification made contributions to N_2O emissions. Nitrification was the dominant pathway leading to N_2O production in soils and was responsible for 82.0% of the total emitted N_2O in sandy loam soil, which was significantly higher than that in silt loam soil (71.7%). However, the average contribution of denitrification to total N_2O production in sandy loam soil was 17.9%, which was significantly lower than that in silt loam soil (28.3%). These results are valuable for developing reasonable fertilization management and proposing effective greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in different soil types in semiarid regions.
Integrated interface between composite electrolyte and cathode with low resistance enables ultra-long cycle-lifetime in solid-state lithium-metal batteries

We report a three-dimensional(3D) nanofiber-reinforced solid composite electrolyte with a 3D Li~+-conducting ceramic network of Li_(6.25)Ga_(0.25)La_3Zr_2O_(12)(LLZO) nanofibers.Benefiting from the 3D structure, the composite shows a high ionic conductivity of 3.2×10~(-4) S cm~(-1) and Li-ion transference number of 0.32 at room temperature.The interfacial resistance between the composite solid electrolyte and cathode is mitigated by creating an integrated interfacial structure, in which the polyethylene oxide(PEO)-lithiumbis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide(LiTFSI) binder and ionic liquids(ILs) form a viscoelastic interface.Therefore, intimate contact, low interfacial impedance, and fast ion-transport between the cathode and the solid electrolyte are simultaneously achieved.Solid-state lithium metal batteries with the LiFePO_4 cathode deliver a superior capacity(158.0 mA h g~(-1)) and significant capacity retention(90.4% retention after 800 cycles) at 60 °C.Moreover, the smooth and uniform Li surface after long-term cycling confirms the successful suppression of the dendrite formation.The integrated interfacial structure provides a solution to the interfacial problem and improves the cycling performance in solid-state Li-metal batteries.