mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis Galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) 13 and GAUT14 Have Redundant Functions in Pollen Tube Growth

Cell wall biosynthesis is indispensable for pollen tube growth. Despite its importance to sexual reproduction, the molecular mechanisms of pollen tube wall biosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report functional characterization of two putative Arabidopsis galacturonosyltransferase genes, GAUT13 and GAUT14, which are essential for pollen tube growth. GAUT13 and GAUT14 encode the proteins that share a high amino acid sequence identity and are located in the Golgi apparatus. The T-DNA insertion mutants, gaut13 and gaut14, did not exhibit any observable defects, but the gaut13 gaut14 double mutants were defective in pollen tube growth; 35.2-37.3% pollen tubes in the heterozygous double mutants were swollen and defective in elongation. The outer layer of the cell wall did not appear distinctly fibrillar in the double mutant pollen tubes. Furthermore, distribution of homogalacturonan labeled with JIM5 and JIM7 in the double mutant pollen tube wall was significantly altered compared to wild-type. Our results suggest that GAUT13 and GAUT14 function redundantly in pollen tube growth, possibly through participation in pectin biosynthesis of the pollen tube wall.
Transport Logistics in Pollen Tubes

Cellular organelles move within the cellular volume and the effect of the resulting drag forces on the liquid causes bulk movement in the cytosol. The movement of both organelles and cytosol leads to an overall motion pattern called cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis. This streaming enables the active and passive transport of molecules and organelles between cellular compartments. Furthermore, the fusion and budding of vesicles with and from the plasma membrane (exo/endocytosis) allow for transport of material between the inside and the outside of the cell. In the pollen tube, cytoplasmic streaming and exo/endocytosis are very active and fulfill several different functions. In this review, we focus on the logistics of intracellular motion and transport processes as well as their biophysical underpinnings. We discuss various modeling attempts that have been performed to understand both long-distance shuttling and short-distance targeting of organelles. We show how the combination of mechanical and mathematical modeling with cell biological approaches has contributed to our understanding of intracellular transport logistics.
H3K36 Methylation Is Involved in Promoting Rice Flowering

Histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark in all eukaryotes (Berr et al., 2011; Wagner and Carpenter, 2012). Reverse genetic analysis in Arabidopsis had uncovered a crucial role of H3K36 di- and tri-methylation (H3K36me2 and H3K36me3) in flowering-time regulation (reviewed in Berr et al., 2011). The Arabidopsis SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 (SDG8), also known as EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS), encodes a SET-domain protein showing similarity to the yeast SET2 and the Drosophila ASH1 and the human NSD1 proteins. The sdg8 loss-of-function mutants exhibit an early-flowering phenotype associated with reduced levels of H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 at chromatin and suppression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a key flowering repressor in Arabidopsis (Kim et al., 2005; Zhao et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2008). Flowering time is a critical trait in plant life history and is fine-tuned by complex gene networks (Tsuji et al., 2011; He, 2012). Because of a lack of FLC homolog in rice, it is of great interest to examine the role of H3K36 methylation in flowering-time control in this economic important plant.
The Integrity of the Plant Golgi Apparatus Depends on Cell Growth-Controlled Activity of GNL1

Membrane traffic and organelle integrity in the plant secretory pathway depend on ARF-GTPases, which are activated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs). While maintenance of conserved roles, evolution of unique functions as well as tissue-specific roles have been shown for a handful of plant ARF-GEFs, a fundamental yet unanswered question concerns the extent to which their function overlaps during cell growth. To address this, we have characterized pao, a novel allele of GNOM-like 1 (GNL1), a brefeldin A (BFA)-insensitive ARF-GEF, isolated through a confocal microscopy-based forward genetics screen of the Golgi in Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we have analyzed the dependence of the integrity of trafficking routes and secretory organelles on GNL1 availability during expansion stages of cotyledon epidermal cells, an exquisite model system for vegetative cell growth analyses in intact tissues. We show that Golgi traffic is influenced largely by GNL1 availability at early stages of cotyledon cell expansion but by BFA-sensitive GEFs when cell growth terminates. These data reveal an unanticipated level of complexity in the biology of GNL1 by showing that its cellular roles are correlated with cell growth. These results also indicate that the cell growth stage is an important element weighting into functional analyses of the cellular roles of ARF-GEFs.
Recent Progress in Understanding PAMP- and Effector-Triggered Immunity against the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The rice-M. oryzae pathosystem has become a model in the study of plant-fungal interactions because of its scientific advancement and economic importance. Recent studies have identified a number of new pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effectors from the blast fungus that trigger rice immune responses upon perception. Interaction analyses between avirulence effectors and their cognate resistance proteins have provided new insights into the molecular basis of plant-fungal interactions. In this review, we summarize the recent research on the characterization of those genes in both M. oryzae and rice that are important for the PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity recognition and signaling processes. We also discuss future directions for research that will further our understanding of this pathosystem.
Biliverdin Reductase-A correlates with inducible nitric oxide synthasein in atorvastatin treated aged canine brain

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuropathology. Recent preclinical and epidemiological studies proposed statins as a possible therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease, but the exact mechanisms of action are still unknown. Biliverdin reductase-A is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in cellular stress responses. It not only transforms biliverdin-IX alpha into the antioxidant bilirubin-IX alpha but its serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity is able to modulate cell signaling networks. We previously reported the beneficial effects of atorvastatin treatment on biliverdin reductase-A and heme oxygenase-1 in the brains of a well characterized pre-clinical model of Alzheimer's disease, aged beagles, together with observed improvement in cognition. Here we extend our knowledge of the effects of atorvastatin on inducible nitric oxide synthase in parietal cortex, cerebellum and liver of the same animals. We demonstrated that atorvastatin treatment (80 mg/day for 14.5 months) to aged beagles selectively increased inducible nitric oxide synthase in the parietal cortex but not in the cerebellum. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels were significantly decreased in the liver. Significant positive correlations were found between biliverdin reductase-A and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as heme oxygenase-1 protein levels in the parietal cortex. The opposite was observed in the liver. Inducible nitric oxide synthase up-regulation in the parietal cortex was positively associated with improved biliverdin reductase-A functions, whereas the oxidative-induced impairment of biliverdin reductase-A in the liver negatively affected inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, thus suggesting a role for biliverdin reductase-A in atorvastatin-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase changes. Interestingly, increased inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in the parietal cortex were not associated with higher oxidative/nitrosative stress levels. We hypothesize that biliverdin reductase-A-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase regulation strongly contributes to the cognitive improvement observed following atorvastatin treatment.
MYC2: The Master in Action

Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most aspects of the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellins (GAs), and auxin (IAA). MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock. MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ‘master switches’ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.
Abnormal activation of the occipital lobes during emotion picture processing in major depressive disorder patients

A large number of studies have demonstrated that depression patients have cognitive dysfunction. With recently developed brain functional imaging, studies have focused on changes in brain function to investigate cognitive changes. However, there is still controversy regarding abnormalities in brain functions or correlation between cognitive impairment and brain function changes. Thus, it is important to design an emotion-related task for research into brain function changes. We selected positive, neutral, and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Patients with major depressive disorder were asked to judge emotion pictures. In addition, functional MRI was performed to synchronously record behavior data and imaging data. Results showed that the total correct rate for recognizing pictures was lower in patients compared with normal controls. Moreover, the consistency for recognizing pictures for depressed patients was worse than normal controls, and they frequently recognized positive pictures as negative pictures. The consistency for recognizing pictures was negatively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Functional MRI suggested that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, limbic lobe, and cerebellum was enhanced, but that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe was weakened while the patients were watching positive and neutral pictures compared with normal controls. The activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and limbic lobe was enhanced, but the activation of some areas in the occipital lobe were weakened while the patients were watching the negative pictures compared with normal controls. These findings indicate that patients with major depressive disorder have negative cognitive disorder and extensive brain dysfunction. Thus, reduced activation of the occipital lobe may be an initiating factor for cognitive disorder in depressed patients.
Photosynthetic and Molecular Markers of CO_2-mediated Photosynthetic Downregulation in Nodulated Alfalfa

Elevated CO_2 leads to a decrease in potential net photosynthesis in long-term experiments and thus to a reduction in potential growth. This process is known as photosynthetic downregulation. There is no agreement on the definition of which parameters are the most sensitive for detecting CO_2 acclimation. In order to investigate the most sensitive photosynthetic and molecular markers of CO_2 acclimation, the effects of elevated CO_2, and associated elevated temperature were analyzed in alfalfa plants inoculated with different Sinorhizobium meliloti strains. Plants (Medicago sativa L. cv. AragOn) were grown in summer or autumn in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). At the end of the experiment, all plants showed acclimation in both seasons, especially under elevated summer temperatures. This was probably due to the lower nitrogen (N) availability caused by decreased N_2-fixation under higher temperatures. Photosynthesis measured at growth CO_2 concentration, rubisco in vitro activity and maximum rate of carboxylation were the most sensitive parameters for detecting downregulation. Severe acclimation was also related with decreases in leaf nitrogen content associated with declines in rubisco content (large and small subunits) and activity that resulted in a drop in photosynthesis. Despite the sensitivity of rubisco content as a marker of acclimation, it was not coordinated with gene expression, possibly due to a lag between gene transcription and protein translation.
Transcriptome-wide Analysis Of Vernalization Reveals Conserved and Species-specific Mechanisms in Brachypodium

Several temperate cereals need vernalization to promote flowering. Little, however, is known about the vernalization-memory-related genes, and almost no comparative analysis has been performed. Here, RNA-Seq was used for transcriptome analysis in non-vernalized, vernalized and post-vernalized Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. seedlings. In total, the expression of 1,665 genes showed significant changes (fold change ≥4) in response to vernalization. Among them, 674 putative vernalization-memory-related genes with a constant response to vernalization were significantly enriched in transcriptional regulation and monooxygenase-mediated biological processes. Comparative analysis of vernalization-memory-related genes with barley demonstrated that the oxidative-stress response was the most conserved pathway between these two plant species. Moreover, Brachypodium preferred to regulate transcription and protein phosphorylation processes, while vernalization-memory-related genes, whose products are cytoplasmic membrane-bound-vesicle-located proteins, were preferred to be regulated in barley. Correlation analysis of the vernalization-related genes with barley revealed that the vernalization mechanism was conserved between these two plant species. In summary, vernalization, including its memory mechanism, is conserved between Brachypodium and barley, although several species-specific features also exist. The data reported here will provide primary resources for subsequent functional research in vernalization.
Robust Sliding Mode Control Using Adaptive Switching Gain for Induction Motors

A robust sliding mode approach combined with a field oriented control (FOC) for induction motor (IM) speed control is presented. The proposed sliding mode control (SMC) design uses an adaptive switching gain and an integrator. This approach guarantees the same robustness and dynamic performance of traditional SMC algorithms. And at the same time, it attenuates the chattering phenomenon, which is the main drawback in actual implementation of this technique. This approach is insensitive to uncertainties and permits to decrease the requirement for the bound of these uncertainties. The stability and robustness of the closed- loop system are proven analytically using the Lyapunov synthesis approach. The proposed method attenuates the effect of both uncertainties and external disturbances. Experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness and the good performance of the developed method.
The Voltage Distribution Characteristics of a Hybrid Circuit Breaker During High Current Interruption

Hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) technology based on a vacuum interrupter and a SF6 interrupter in series has become a new research direction because of the low-carbon requirements for high voltage switches. The vacuum interrupter has an excellent ability to deal with the steep rising part of the transient recovery voltage (TRV), while the SF6 interrupter can withstand the peak part of the voltage easily. An HCB can take advantage of the interrupters in the current interruption process. In this study, an HCB model based on the vacuum ion diffusion equations, ion density equation, and modified Cassie-Mayr arc equation is explored. A simulation platform is constructed by using a set of software called the alternative transient program (ATP). An HCB prototype is also designed, and the short circuit current is interrupted by the HCB under different action sequences of contacts. The voltage distribution of the HCB is analyzed through simulations and tests. The results demonstrate that if the vacuum interrupter withstands the initial TRV and interrupts the post-arc current first, then the recovery speed of the dielectric strength of the SF_6 interrupter will be fast. The voltage distribution between two interrupters is determined by their post-arc resistance, which happens after current-zero, and subsequently, it is determined by the capacitive impedance after the post-arc current decays to zero.
Estimation of Surface Roughness due to Electrode Erosion in Field-Distortion Gas Switch

Field distortion gas switch is one of the crucial elements in a Marx generator, fast linear transformer driver and other pulsed power installations. The performance of the gas switch, which is dramatically affected by the surface roughness due to electrode erosion during the discharge process, directly influences the output parameters, stability and reliability of the pulsed power system. In this paper, an electrode surface roughness (ESR) calculation model has been established based on a great deal of experimental data under operating current. The discharge current waveform, the peak height of the burr, the radius and the depth of etch pits in the electrode erosion region were used to predict the ESR. Also, experimental results indicate that this calculation model can effectively estimate the ESR of the test gas switch.
膝关节固定带的设计与应用

现代化战争条件下,冲击波、爆炸伤所致的膝关节外伤患者增多,平时车祸及其他意外所致的相关损伤也越来越多.对所有骨折、关节损伤、血管神经伤和广泛软组织伤的伤员,搬运过程中均需要固定.而传统的固定用物零散,一人完成操作困难,不适合紧急状况下的现场急救.新型的野战救护器材应具备操作简单、携带方便、适合野战环境的自救与互救的特点.故我们研制了集中所有固定用物的膝关节制动固定带,并获得国家实用新型专利,专利号:ZL 2011 2 0206925.3.
Dynamic Simulation and Opening Bouncing Analysis of Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnetic Actuator

In order to research the dynamic characteristics of circuit breaker(CB) in opening process,taking a 12kV vacuum circuit breaker(VCB) with permanent magnetic actuator as the example,a dynamic model of the VCB is established based on the virtual prototype technology,and dynamic equations of the model are deduced.Simulation and experiment are carried out on the VCB of both opening and closing processes.The simulative opening time and closing time are 39.5ms and 54.6ms respectively.Influencing factors of opening bouncing and their effect principles are analyzed through dynamic simulations of opening bouncing process.Analytic results indicate that the increase in the stiffness coefficient of contact spring limits the opening bouncing;meanwhile increases in the preload of contact spring and the mass of shaft can enlarge the opening bouncing.
CYP1A1基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化疾病相关性的研究进展

细胞色素P450(Cytochrome P450,CYP)是一含血红素的单加氧酶超家族,广泛存在于机体组织中,是外源性化学物质在体内转化第一时相最主要的代谢酶。研究显示,其亚家族成员CYP1A1参与了香烟中最重要的致癌物苯并芘B[a]P和亚硝胺的代谢激活,与吸烟诱导的肿瘤易感性增加密切相关,而Isner研究发现动脉硬化与吸烟相关肿瘤的发生有相似的分子生物学机制,导致不同个体对动脉硬化及其相关疾病的易感性不同。现就CYP1A1基因多态性与吸烟相关的动脉粥样硬化疾病的易感性综述如下。
Phase transfer based synthesis and thermophysical properties of Au/Therminol VP-1 nanofluids

This paper reports a phase transfer based wet chemistry method for the preparation of Au/VP-1 nanofluids. The method involves the transfer of AuCl_4~? ions from water to the base liquid Therminol VP-1, followed by the reduction of AuCl_4~? ions using NaBH4. The prepared nanofluids are characterized for their thermophysical properties and stability. The results show that the mass concentration of Au particles has a significant effect on the stability of Au/VP-1 nanofluids. An increase in the Au concentration results in a higher extent of agglomeration among the particles, leading to a decrease in the nanofluid stability. The results also show that the introduction of 0.005-0.05% Au nanoparticles enhances the thermal conductivity of the fluids by up to 6.5%, whereas the viscosity increase is minimal.
成人型主动脉弓离断一例

总之,成人型IAA非常罕见,大量的侧支血管也随时会遭受萎缩及动脉粥样硬化的危险,所以及时和正确的诊断极其重要。而MSCTA结合ECHO是一个有效的诊断IAA及合并的其他心血管畸形的方法。一旦诊断确立,外科手术是治疗IAA的必要方法。
Fabrication of anode-supported zirconia thin film electrolyte based core-shell particle structure for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

With a view to produce intermediate temperature SOFCs, yttria and scandia doped zirconia with a core-shell structure was prepared, then an anode supported fuel cell was fabricated by a spray method. The influences of the scandia content in the electrolyte and atmosphere conditions used in the testing experiments on phase composition, microstructure and fuel cell performance were investigated. The electrolyte was composed of cubic and tetragonal phases and SEM pictures revealed very fine grain sizes and a smooth surface of the electrolyte film, though some defects were observed in samples with high Scandia content. Coating scandia on partially stabilized zirconium particles improves both ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and power density of the fuel cell distinctly below 750 °C. Anodes were pre-sintered at 1200 °C before co-sintering with the electrolyte film to ensure that the shrinkage percentage was close to that of the electrolyte during co-sintering, avoiding warping of cell.
Understanding electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries via DFT calculations

Rechargeable lithium batteries have achieved a rapid advancement and commercialization in the past decade owing to their high capacity and high power density. Different functional materials have been put forward progressively, and each possesses distinguishing structural features and electrochemical properties. In virtue of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we can start from a specific structure to get a deep comprehension and accurate prediction of material properties and reaction mechanisms. In this paper, we review the main progresses obtained by DFT calculations in the electrode materials of rechargeable lithium batteries, aiming at a better understanding of the common electrode materials and gaining insights into the battery performance. The applications of DFT calculations involve in the following points of crystal structure modeling and stability investigations of delithiated and lithiated phases, average lithium intercalation voltage, prediction of charge distributions and band structures, and kinetic studies of lithium ion diffusion processes, which can provide atomic understanding of the capacity, reaction mechanism, rate capacity, and cycling ability. The results obtained from DFT are valuable to reveal the relationship between the structure and the properties, promoting the design of new electrode materials.