mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Multi-reservoir joint operating rule in inter-basin water transfer-supply project

The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply (IBWTS) project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water from exporting reservoir. In this study, a joint operating rule is proposed for the purpose of solving such complex operation problem. This rule is composed of a set of sub-rules, including hedging rule curves of virtual aggregation reservoir (i.e. equivalent reservoir) and other individual reservoirs, water-transfer rule curves of each individual reservoir, as well as some of important assisted rules. These assisted rules refer to allocation models for water transfer-supply. In the proposed rule, an equivalent reservoir is established to determine under what condition the water supply should be reduced and specify the total supplied water for joint water demand (i.e. aggregation method). Allocation models are developed to distribute the total transferred water into each importing reservoir and determine the water releases for joint water demand by each member reservoir of the aggregation system (i.e. decomposition method). And these models are integrated with a set of influence factors such as hydrologic characteristics, reservoir storage or vacant storage, regulating ability, water-supply pressure, and so on. The aggregation of multi-reservoirs and the disaggregation of water quantities are taken into a whole consideration to reduce the complexity in reallocation of water target storage or water release. Finally, the proposed rule is applied to the North-line IBWTS Project in Liaoning Province, China. The results indicate that the proposed rule can take full advantage of hydrologic compensation in basins and capacity compensation in reservoirs. Thus it can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in system.
A comprehensive method for joint wear prediction in planar mechanical systems with clearances considering complex contact conditions

A comprehensive method to predict wear in planar mechanical systems with clearance joints is presented and discussed in this paper. This method consists of a system dynamic analysis and a joint wear prediction. As the size and shape of the clearance are dictated by wear and evolve with the dynamic response of the system, the contact between the journal and bearing could be conformal or non-conformal, which makes the contact conditions in clearance joints quite complicated. Therefore a modified contact force model is employed to evaluate the joint reaction force in this study. As the nonlinear stiffness coefficient is related to the physical and geometrical properties of contact bodies and varies with the deformation, this contact force model is applicable to different contact conditions between the journal and bearing. Furthermore, based on the Archard’s wear model, the amount of wear can be quantified in the joint. And the geometry is updated to reflect the evolving contact boundary. Then, the wear process and the contact force model are integrated into the motion equations of the system to perform coupled iterative analyses between system dynamic response and joint wear prediction. In addition, a slider-crank mechanism is simulated as an example to demonstrate efficiency of the proposed method and to carry out a parametric study on mechanical systems considering joint wear. The influence of clearance size and driving power are discussed and compared respectively. The index of concordance is introduced to quantify contributions of contact pressure and sliding distance to wear rate under different types of journal motion. This study could help to predict joint wear in mechanical systems with clearances and optimize mechanisms in design.
Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of global evaporation revealed by eight reanalyses

On the basis of eight atmospheric reanalyses, we analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of global evaporation and also briefly evaluated the eight reanalyses. The results indicate that the long-term mean annual evaporation obtained from different reanalyses are consistent over most regions, with significant maritime-continental contrasts, as well as differences in meridional directions, and the land evaporation generally decreases with the increase of altitude. In addition, the temporal evolution of global evaporation varies significantly among the datasets, MERRA, ERA-Interim, NCEP-NCRA, and NCEP-DOE are very similar, whereas CFSR agrees best with ERA-40. Comparison of the inter-annual to inter-decadal variability of land evaporation reveals large differences among the reanalyses, whereas MERRA, CFSR, and NCEP-DOE are exactly similar. The temporal variation of evaporation over the oceans showed a relatively high consistency, which indicates that the quality of the reconstructed evaporation values over the oceans is higher, and even greater uncertainties lie in the estimates of evaporation over the land. In general, MERRA and NCEP-DOE may appropriately reflect the spatial-temporal characteristics of global evaporation, showing strong representativeness. The CFSR and ERA-40 are capable of revealing the characteristics of land evaporation, whereas ERA-Interim, NCEP-NCAR, OAFlux, and HOAPS are relatively applicable for research focused on the evaporation over the oceans. According to ERA-40, NCEP-NCAR, and OAFlux, global evaporation significantly decreased for the period of 1958–1978. In contrast, most of the eight reanalyses show a significant linear increase for the period of 1979–2011, and evaporation over the oceans was even more pronounced. Furthermore, the results are presented for the mean annual cycle of global evaporation, the changes at the low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere are most distinct, and the monthly variation amplitude of the land evaporation was higher than that of the evaporation over the oceans.
The Changing Cold Regions Network: Observation, diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins, Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes, with widespread cryospheric, ecological, and hydrological impacts globally, and especially in high northern latitudes. This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management. The Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand, diagnose, and predict changing land, water, and climate, and their inter-actions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada. The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water, Ecosystem, Cryosphere and Climate (WECC) observatories within this region, which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction, as well as develop and test numerical simulation models, and provide validation data for remote sensing products. This paper describes this network and its observational, experimental, and modelling programme. An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided, and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described. Several of the model products being developed are discussed, and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular, the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted. Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum elucidates its drought adaptation mechanisms

The lichen-forming fungus was isolated from the desert lichen Endocarpon pusillum that is extremely drought resistant. To understand the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in the fungus, we employed RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR to compare and characterize the differentially expressed genes in pure culture at two different water levels and with that in desiccated lichen. The comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1781 genes were differentially expressed between samples cultured under normal and PEG-induced drought stress conditions. Similar to those in drought resistance plants and non-lichenized fungi, the common drought-resistant mechanisms were differentially expressed in E. pusillum. However, the expression change of genes involved in osmotic regulation in E. pusillum is different, which might be the evidence for the feature of drought adaptation. Interestingly, different from other organisms, some genes involved in drought adaption mechanisms showed significantly different expression patterns between the presence and absence of drought stress in E. pusillum. The expression of 23 candidate stress responsive genes was further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using dehydrated E. pusillum lichen thalli. This study provides a valuable resource for future research on lichen-forming fungi and shall facilitate future functional studies of the specific genes related to drought resistance.
Electro-catalytic role of insulator/conductor interface in MgO/PEDOT composite electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

MgO has not been explored as a counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its lack of electrical conductivity. However, herein, it is reported that MgO insulator with conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polysty-renesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) exhibited excellent performance as a counter electrode for DSSCs, leading to a high power conversion efficiency of 7.45%. Furthermore, it was revealed that the interface between MgO and PEDOT:PSS plays an important electro-catalytic role in the MgO/PEDOT composite counter electrodes.
Multiple solutions for weighted nonlinear elliptic system involving critical exponents

In this paper, by using the idea of category, we investigate how the shape of the graph of h(x) affects the number of positive solutions to the following weighted nonlinear elliptic system: where 0 ∈ Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R~N (N≥3), λ,σ > 0 are parameters, 0 ≤ μ < μ_a ((N–2–2a)/2)~2; h(x), K_1(x) and K_2(x) are positive continuous functions in Ω, 1≤q >2, α, β > 1 and α +β = 2~*(a, b) (2~*(a, b) (2N)/(N–2(1+a–b)), is critical Sobolev-Hardy exponent). We prove that the system has at least k nontrivial nonnegative solutions when the pair of the parameters (λ, σ) belongs to a certain subset of R~2.
Single image haze removal via depth-based contrast stretching transform

Under the weather of haze, fog, or smoke, outdoor images show poor visibility and low contrast. Low contrast results in the difficulty for carrying out basic local feature (e.g., interest points and edges) detection algorithms, which are necessary procedures in some computer vision applications. Hence, increasing contrast of degraded images is very important since it is helpful in finding more distinct features from haze images. However, few single image haze removal methods can simultaneously achieve clear visibility, sufficiently high contrast, and simplicity. In this paper, we propose an intuitive and effective method, called the depth-based contrast stretching transform (DCST), to simultaneously obtain clear visibility and enhance contrast of a single haze gray image. The DCST stretches the contrast of haze images based on the coarse depth layers of scenes. Our method is simple and almost real time and can be extended to color images. We analyze in detail that the image stretched by the DCST has a higher local contrast than the image recovered via the physical-based model. Experiments demonstrate that images stretched by the DCST have excellent visibility and contrast compared with a few existing algorithms. Compelling performance is also presented by comparing the proposed method with other representative methods in the application of local feature detection.
腹膜外腹腔镜治疗精索静脉曲张合并腹股沟斜疝的疗效研究

精索静脉曲张(varicocele, VC)合并腹股沟斜疝的患者临床常见,此两种疾病均需手术治疗。目前腹腔镜治疗精索静脉曲张及腹股沟斜疝技术日益成熟。自2011年6月至2014年4月,我院为12例精索静脉曲张合并腹股沟斜疝患者实施腹膜外入路腹腔镜手术,并取得了成功,现报告如下。
Chemical equilibrium controlled synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers over sulfated titania

The chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetic behavior in the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMM_n) were investigated over sulfated titania in order to reveal the decisive factor controlling the reaction. The results showed that the molar ratio of adjacent DMM_n products in equilibrium solution had the same value, which depended absolutely on the reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the reactions had the same DMM_n products distributions under varied reaction conditions. The equilibrium constants of the related step-wise reactions for DMM_n formation were equal, which were calculated based on the bulk compositions of the reaction solution. And thus, the selectivity to DMM_n was mainly controlled by the chemical equilibrium, i.e., thermodynamic control. In brief, the present results provide some guidance for future synthesis of DMM_n.
New statistical results on the optical IDV data of BL Lac S5 0716+714

This paper reports on the statistical behavior of the optical Intraday Variability of BL Lac S5 0716+714. Available Intraday Variability data in the optical are tested to see whether or not the magnitude is lognormally distributed. Our results consistently indicate that this is not the case. This is in agreement with a previous discussion about data for the same object but in a different observational period.Simultaneously, the spectral slope of the light curves is calculated. The implications of these findings on models that describe both the location and source of Intraday Variability are presented.
The Fitzpat rick- Neville- Type Algorithm for Multivariate Vector-Valued Osculatory Rational Interpolation

In this paper, the authors first apply the Fitzpatrick algorithm to multivariate vector-valued osculatory rational interpolation. Then based on the Fitzpatrick algorithm and the properties of an Hermite interpolation basis, the authors present a Fitzpatrick-Neville-type algorithm for multivariate vector-valued osculatory rational interpolation. It may be used to compute the values of multivariate vector-valued osculatory rational interpolants at some points directly without computing the interpolation function explicitly.
Global Output-Feedback Tracking for Nonlinear Cascade Systems with Unknown Growth Rate and Control Coefficients

This paper deals with the global practical tracking problem by output-feedback for a class of uncertain cascade systems with zero-dynamics and unmeasured states dependent growth. The systems investigated are substantially different from the closely related works, and have zero-dynamics, unknown growth rate, and unknown time-varying control coefficients. This makes the problem much more difficult to solve. Motivated by the authors' recent works, this paper proposes a new adaptive control scheme to achieve the global practical tracking. It is shown that the designed controller guarantees that the state of the resulting closed-loop system is globally bounded and the tracking error converges to a prescribed arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin after a finite time. This is achieved by combining the methods of universal control and dead zone with backstepping technique, and using the framework of performance analysis in the closely related works. A numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
汇集证据提示微小RNA系统异常与精神分裂症关联

精神分裂症在一般人群中患病率约1%,遗传度较高约达80%,但大量遗传学研究未发现一致性的结果。近年来,导致精神分裂症这一常见复杂疾病的罕见变异(rare varitions,RV,人群中频率不足1%)与微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的作用引起了关注。近期,北京大学精神卫生研究所张岱、岳伟华课题组与国内外同行合作,对miRNA通路罕见变异的总体频率与精神分裂症的关联进行了研究,结果提示由于遗传因素造成的miRNA系统的调控异常损害了miRNA原有的抑制效应,导致了精神分裂症发病中的基因组转录水平的异常上调,该研究已发表于Schizophr Bull上。
崔述生治疗小儿肌性斜颈经验总结

崔述生教授是北京市鼓楼中医院按摩科主任,系北京市第四批百名名老中医,从事临床与教学工作40余载,善以推拿手法治疗各科疾病,尤善治疗小儿肌性斜颈。笔者有幸师从崔老多年,现将崔老治疗小儿肌性斜颈的经验整理如下。
Pressure-volume-temperature and excess molar volume prediction of amorphous and crystallizable polymer blends by equation of state

In this work the statistical mechanical equation of state was developed for volumetric properties of crystalline and amorphous polymer blends. The Ihm–Song–Mason equations of state (ISMEOS) based on temperature and density at melting point (T_m and ρ_m) as scaling constants were developed for crystalline polymers such as poly(propylene glycol) + poly(ethylene glycol)-200 (PPG + PEG-200), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-300 (PEGME-350) + PEG-200 and PEGME-350 + PEG-600. Furthermore, for amorphous polymer blends containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) + polystyrene (PS) and PS + poly(vinylmethylether) (PVME), the density and surface tension at glass transition (ρ_g and γ_g) were used for estimation of second Virial coefficient. The calculation of second Virial coefficients (B_2), effective van derWaals co-volume (b) andcorrection factor (α) was required for judgment about applicability of this model. The obtained results by ISMEOS for crystalline and amorphous polymer blends were in good agreement with the experimental data with absolute average deviations of 0.84% and 1.04%, respectively.
Using a Two-Liquid-Phase System to Investigate the Biodegradation of Trichlorobenzenes

Due to easy volatilization of volatile organic compounds from water, it is difficult to monitor their aerobic biodegradation in the traditional single water system. Whether a two-liquid-phase system (TLPS) could overcome this obstacle and enhance the degradation of volatile contaminants? In this study, a TLPS composed of silicone oil and water was employed to investigate the biodegradation of volatile compounds, trichlorobenzenes (TCBs), by the adapted microorganisms in an activated soil. The degradation and volatilization of TCBs in TLPS and in a single water system were compared. The results showed that due to volatilization losses of TCBs, the mass balance of TCBs in a single water system was very low. In contrast, using TLPS could effectively inhibit the volatilization losses of TCBs and achieved a very good mass balance during the biodegradation process. Meanwhile, the TLPS could increase microbial activity and microbial growth during the degradation process. With TLPS, the TCB degradation was in descending order of 1,2,4-TCB > 1,2,3-TCB>>1,3,5-TCB, which was related to the exposed concentration of the contaminants in soil. This study showed that TLPS could be employed as an effective tool to evaluate the biodegradation of volatile hydrophobic organic compounds, which could not be achieved with the traditional single water system.
一测多评法测定紫菀中5种黄酮类成分含量

目的:建立一测多评法测定紫菀中5种黄酮类成分的含量,并验证其准确性。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,Agilent Zorbax C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇(A)-0.4%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱;柱温30℃;检测波长360 nm。以槲皮素为内参物,建立槲皮素与橙皮苷、山柰酚、木犀草素和芹菜素的相对校正因子,计算其他4种成分的含量,实现一测多评;同时采用外标法测定这5种黄酮类成分的含量,比较两者的差异。结果:采用一测多评法和外标法测定的含量之间无显著差异,RSD <2.0%,实验所得的校正因子可信。结论:以槲皮素为内标,采用一测多评法可用于紫苑中黄酮类成分的质量控制。
再谈肺部小结节的处理策略

目前,肺癌已位居肿瘤相关死亡原因的首位,有关肺癌的研究结果每年都有变化,但肺癌的早期筛查、早期诊断和早期治疗的观点却始终未变。2011年美国国家肺癌筛查试验(National Lung Screening Trial,NLST)的研究结果证实,肺癌筛查可降低肺癌的病死率。2015年最新的美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)指南中强调,在高危吸烟者中开展低剂量CT筛查可降低肺癌的病死率达20%,但此类筛查的假阳性率也高达24%。肺结节的过度诊断和过度治疗增加了社会医疗的经济负担及患者的心理负担,因此,肺部结节的良恶性判断已成为临床医生面临的重大挑战。
Preparation of Mn_3O_4 from low-grade rhodochrosite ore by chemical bath deposition method

Mn_3O_4 was prepared with the chemical bath deposition(CBD) method. A Mn SO_4 solution was obtained by the leaching and purifying of low-grade rhodochrosite ore(LGRO), which was used as raw material. The prepa ration procedures were studied and promoted. The result showed that the Mn_3O_4 with the highest purity and highes specific surface area could be obtained under the following processes. An Mn SO_4 solution of 1.0 mol/L was added into a beaker under a flow rate of 30 m L/h. The p H of the reaction solution was adjusted to 10 using NH_3·H_2 O a80 °C. Then the solids were washed and dried at 200 °C fo 2.5 h. The total Mn content(TMC) of Mn_3O_4 was 72.0 %The ionic distributions was formulated as [Mn~(2+)][Mn_(0.3024)~(2+)Mn_(0.2937)~(3+)Mn_(0.3786)~(4+)_□(0.0254)]_2O_4. The average crys tallite size of Mn_3O_4 with a tetragonal hausmannite struc ture was found to be about 35 nm by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The BET specific surface area of the Mn_3O_4 measured was 32 m~2/g.
湖南省桂阳县某铅锌矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

对湖南省桂阳县市黄沙坪某铅锌矿周边的农田土壤进行了监测和评价,结果表明,该区域重金属超标严重,特别是Cd、Zn、Pb在采样区土壤中发生了明显的积累,污染可能较重.Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法计算的综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)的范围为123.5-2791.2,达到了中等及以上的风险程度的点位占78.5%,表明研究区域农田土壤存在很高的生态风险.相关分析结果及聚类分析结果表明,研究区大部分重金属元素来源比较接近,可能主要来自于人为污染,即采矿作业造成的污染.
使用Agilent 5100同步垂直双向观测ICP-OES按照US EPA 200.7方法对水中痕量元素进行超快速测定

采用Agilent 5100同步垂直双向观测(SVDV) ICP-OES结合SPS 3自动进样器和SVS 2+高效率切换阀系统,遵循EPA 200.7方法针对饮用水中的26种元素进行检测,可获得低至μg?L~(-1)(ppb)的出色方法检测限,回收率在90%-110%之间,12 h的方法长期稳定性低于1.3% RSD,只需一次运行即可分析所有元素,该仪器的样品测定时间降至58 s,每个样品的氩气消耗量降低了50%.
The Mysterious Mid-Carnian "Wet Intermezzo" Global Event

Approximately 230 million years ago in the middle of the Carnian stage of the Upper Triassic, the sedimentary records in different regional basins display dramatic changes. Tropical carbonate platforms abruptly ended, and engorged river systems left widespread sand-rich layers across inland basins and coastal regions. This pulse lasted less than a million years in some basins, but constituted a permanent shift in others. Following this event, the Late Carnian has the earliest record of significant dinosaurs on land and the emergence of the calcareous nannoplankton in the oceans that now govern Earth's carbon cycle. This "most distinctive climate change within the Triassic" has been interpreted by some geoscientists as a global disruption of the Earth's land-ocean-biological system. The eruption of the Wrangellia large igneous province may have been the trigger for a sudden carbon-dioxide-induced warming and associated increased rainfall in some of these regions. Indeed, some workers have proposed that this "wet intermezzo" warming event is a useful analog to aid in predicting the effects of our future greenhouse on land ecosystems and ocean chemistry. However, the understanding of the onset, duration, global impacts and relatively rapid termination of this postulated warming pulse has been hindered by lack of a global dataset with inter-calibrated terrestrial and marine biostratigraphy, precise radio-isotopic ages, stable isotope records of temperature and the carbon system, and cycle-calibrated rates of regional and global change.