mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
关于常规肺功能测定程序标准化和质量控制的建议

肺功能测定的内容很多,而常规肺功能仅包括肺容积、通气和弥散功能,其中潮气容积、肺活量、通气功能参数主要通过肺量计和(或)流量计测定,功能残气量(FRC)或肺总量和弥散功能主要通过气体分析仪测定。传统上用单筒肺量计测定肺活量、用力肺活量(FVC)及相关参数,用流量计测定最大呼气流量-容积曲线(MEFV曲线)及其相关参数,用功能残气量测定仪测定FRC,用弥散功能测定仪测定一氧化碳弥散量(D_LCO),即大约4台仪器完成常规肺功能测定。现代肺功能仪应用电子流量计(简称流量计,测定肺容积时也称为流量型肺量计;若无特殊说明,本文通称为肺量计)取代传统单筒肺量计(也称为容积型肺量计)和机械流量计,测定流量并同步自动计算肺容积(流量对时间的积分为容积),由计算机显示结果;目前广义上的"肺量计法"实指此流量计法。现代容积和流量测定可通过简易肺功能仪完成,也可以用常规肺功能仪或体容积描计仪(体描仪)完成,其中常规肺功能仪的气路上不仅安装流量计,也安装采样室和气体分析仪,故能测定包括肺总量(或FRC)和D_LCO在内的所有常规肺功能参数,即用1台设备取代既往至少3~4台仪器完成全部测定,其中测定容积的标示气体主要为氮气、氦气和甲烷;测定弥散功能的标示气体为一氧化碳(CO), 此时测定容积的标示气体就成为测定D_LCO的示踪气体,从而可最终完成肺总量(或FRC)和D_LCO的同步测定。有鉴于此,沿用传统方法割裂描述各种参数测定的"指南"或"规范"已不符合现状,不能满足临床需求;作者结合呼吸生理学规律、现代仪器特点、实际操作程序提出可操作性的应用方法,期望有助于常规肺功能测定的标准化,进而促进检测的同质化。
环境因素控制与哮喘

近年来,支气管哮喘(哮喘)发病率及急性加重率明显增高,环境因素与遗传基因相互作用是其发病的主要原因。随着我国城镇化及工业化进程的加速,不可避免地出现环境尤其是空气质量的恶化,这与哮喘的发生及恶化息息相关。体外环境因素包括室内外空气污染和吸入性变应原、食物过敏等。室外空气污染主要来源于交通污染(如汽车尾气、扬尘等)和燃料燃烧后的废物(如发电和取暖用的煤炭或燃油,麦秸燃烧等),室内空气污染则来自烟草烟雾、家用生物燃料(烹饪、取暖和蜡烛等)、室内装修物和进入室内的室外污染空气。控制室内外环境因素是哮喘管理的重要组成部分。
慢性鼻炎及鼻窦炎对哮喘控制的影响

目前,全球哮喘防治创议(GINA)推荐的以吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)为主的治疗方案对大多数支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者都可以获得良好的或可以接受的哮喘临床控制。但仍有部分重症哮喘或难治性哮喘仍达不到基本的哮喘控制。我国的"难治性哮喘诊断与处理专家共识"称这部分患者被为"难治性哮喘"。2014年欧洲呼吸学会(ERS)和美国胸科协会(ATS)联合发表的"重症哮喘的国际指南",将这部分患者称为"重症哮喘"。重症哮喘占哮喘人群的比例为5% ~ 10%,虽然所占比例并不高,但重症哮喘急性加重需要急诊就医或住院治疗的比例是轻中度哮喘的15 ~20倍,所消耗的卫生资源却几乎占到哮喘的50%。而且,目前对重症哮喘仍没有很好的治疗方法,医学的发展还未能满足这部分患者的需要。
The Application of an Anatomical Database for Fetal Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Fetal congenital heart anomalies are the most common congenital anomalies in live births. Fetal echocardiography (FECG) is the only prenatal diagnostic approach used to detect fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). FECG is not widely used, and the antenatal diagnosis rate of CHD varies considerably. Thus, mastering the anatomical characteristics of different kinds of CHD is critical for ultrasound physicians to improve FECG technology. The aim of this study is to investigate the applications of a fetal CHD anatomic database in FECG teaching and training program. Methods: We evaluated 60 transverse section databases including 27 types of fetal CHD built in the Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Peking University People's Hospital. Each original database contained 400-700 cross-sectional digital images with a resolution of 3744 pixels × 5616 pixels. We imported the database into Amira 5.3.1 (Australia Visage Imaging Company, Australia) three-dimensional (3D) software. The database functions use a series of 3D software visual operations. The features of the fetal CHD anatomical database were analyzed to determine its applications in FECG continuing education and training. Results: The database was rebuilt using the 3D software. The original and rebuilt databases can be displayed dynamically, continuously, and synchronically and can be rotated at arbitrary angles. The sections from the dynamic displays and rotating angles are consistent with the sections in FECG. The database successfully reproduced the anatomic structures and spatial relationship features of different fetal CHDs. We established a fetal CHD anatomy training database and a standardized training database for FECG. Ultrasound physicians and students can learn the anatomical features of fetal CHD and FECG through either centralized training or distance education. Conclusions: The database of fetal CHD successfully reproduced the anatomic structures and spatial relationship of different kinds of fetal CHD. This database can be widely used in anatomy and FECG teaching and training.
Commentary on the special topic: nanoenergy and nanosystem

In the internationally renowned journal—Science China Technological Sciences—a good selection of articles dedicated to the field of micro-/nanotechnologies have reported several advanced technologies in nanoenergy and nanosystems. Five papers written with great care by international experts are targeting to address technical challenges in self-powered chaotic signal generators and new batteries based on nanomaterials. I read these papers and found them interesting and beneficial to researchers working in the above-mentioned areas.
Efficacy of insect-resistance Bt/CpTI transgenes in F_5–F_7 generations of rice crop–weed hybrid progeny: implications for assessing ecological impact of transgene flow

Ecological impact of transgene flow into populations of wild/weedy relatives is associated with fitness effects in hybrid progeny. Most studies assessing fitness effects focus essentially on early-generation hybrid progeny. However, whether the transgenes remain effective and durable in advanced generations of hybrid progeny remains unclear. We conducted a common garden experiment with F_5–F_7 hybrid progeny derived from crosses between insect-resistant transgenic (Bt/CpTI) rice and weedy rice, to examine their insect resistance and fitness effects of transgenes on progeny. Hybrid progeny were grown under different insect pressures and cultivation modes where insect damage and fitness-related traits were measured in the same growth season. Plants with transgenes showed significantly lower insect damage (10 % vs. 32 %) and higher fecundity (551 vs. 392 seeds/plant) than those without transgenes in F_5–F_7 populations, suggesting the efficacy of transgenes for insect resistance. Fitness benefits of the transgenes were similar among the F_5–F_7 populations, indicating the stability of transgenic effects. A positive correlation between insect index and fecundity change was detected, stressing the important role of ambient insect pressures in assessing fitness effects caused by insect-resistance transgenes. Our results have important implications for assessing ecological impacts caused by transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives. For cost-effectiveness, the experimental estimation of fitness effects is probably sufficient based on data from hybrids in early generations. Given that fitness effects of insect-resistance transgenes are associated with ambient insect pressure, ecological risk assessment on transgene flow should consider this variable in experimental design, reasonably reflecting actual situations in wild/weedy populations.
Increased working voltage of hexamine-coated porous carbon for supercapacitors

Highly porous carbon, both unmodified and hexamine-coated on the pore surfaces, is tested at high working voltages in organic electrolyte for supercapacitors in order to enhance the energy density and power density. Sol–gel processing allows for excellent control of the porous structure and chemical composition of carbon, resulting in a material with high surface area and a low level of impurities. This porous carbon can be modified using a simple solution-based method to enhance capacitance. Increasing the working voltage from 2.0 to 3.0 V significantly improves performance for both unmodified and hexamine-coated carbon. The energy density and power density increase at higher working voltage, and under certain conditions, the capacitance increases as well. Cyclic stability is also investigated, with hexamine-coated carbon retaining more of its initial capacitance than unmodified carbon at all working voltages.
Discovery of two broad absorption line quasars at redshift about 4.75 using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope

The ultraviolet broad absorption lines have been seen in the spectra of quasars at high redshift, and are generally considered to be caused by outflows with velocities from thousands kilometers per second to one tenth of the speed of light. They provide crucial implications for the cosmological structures and physical evolutions related to the feedback of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Recently, through a dedicated program of optically spectroscopic identifications of selected quasar candidates at redshift 5 by using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope, we discovered two luminous broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) at redshift about 4.75. One of them may even have the potentially highest absorption Balnicity Index (BI) ever found to date, which is remarkably characterized by its deep, broad absorption lines and sub-relativistic outflows. Further physical properties, including the metal abundances, variabilities, evolutions of the supermassive black holes (SMBH) and accretion disks associated with the feedback process, can be investigated with multi-wavelength follow-up observations in the future.
Mechanics of flexible and stretchable piezoelectrics for energy harvesting

As rapid development in wearable/implantable electronic devices benefit human life in daily health monitoring and disease treatment medically, all kinds of flexible and/or stretchable electronic devices are booming, together with which is the demanding of energy supply with similar mechanical property. Due to its ability in converting mechanical energy lying in human body into electric energy, energy harvesters based on piezoelectric materials are promising for applications in wearable/ implantable device’s energy supply in a renewable, clean and life-long way. Here the mechanics of traditional piezoelectrics in energy harvesting is reviewed, including why piezoelectricity is the choice for minor energy harvesting to power the implantable/wearable electronics and how. Different kinds of up to date flexible piezoelectric devices for energy harvesting are introduced, such as nanogenerators based on ZnO and thin and conformal energy harvester based on PZT. A detailed theoretical model of the flexible thin film energy harvester based on PZT nanoribbons is summarized, together with the in vivo demonstration of energy harvesting by integrating it with swine heart. Then the initial researches on stretchable energy harvesters based on piezoelectric material in wavy or serpentine configuration are introduced as well.
Dual reciprocity boundary element based block model for discontinuous deformation analysis

This paper presents a further development of the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with stepwise updating to pave the way for the introduction of boundary element mesh into the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). The advantage of the proposed method lies in its adoption of static fundamental solutions and reduction in the size of the governing equations by transforming the inertial term domain integrals to boundary integrals in the dynamic large displacement analysis. The unconditionally stable Newmark-β time integration method involving numerical damping to enhance the numerical stability is implemented for the dynamic analysis. In order to be coupled with the DDA to improve the deformability of the DDA block domains, a stepwise updating algorithm of the system variables is introduced. The stress updating in the analysis involved in the calculation of a domain integral and internal cells are used for the integration of the initial stress term. Several examples are used to verify the geometry-updated DRBEM model and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Vertically ordered silica mesochannels as preconcentration materials for the electrochemical detection of methylene blue

Silica mesochannels (SMCs) vertically and regularly oriented to the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were prepared and utilized for preconcentration and detection of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The positively charged MB can be adsorbed to the SMCs by following the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The negative value of ΔG=-34.73 kJ/mol derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicated the thermodynamic feasibility of the adsorption and the spontaneous nature of the process. Moreover, the adsorbed MB can undergo an electrochemical reaction on the ITO electrode at a suitable potential and the resulting electrical current can be utilized to quantify the MB in aqueous solution. A good analytical performance for MB with a linear range from 10 nmol/L to 1.0 μmol/L and a detection limit at the nmol/L level was obtained. We believe that such a platform consisting of SMCs perpendicularly tethered to the underlying electrode surface simultaneously allows enrichment and electrochemical detection and can be extended for the detection of various charged dyes, as well as many other charged species.
Synthesis of dispersed long single-crystalline TiO_2 paste and its application in DSSC as a scattering layer

TiO_2 nanowire (NW) is one of the potential scattering layer materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) owing to its fast electron conductivity and excellent light scattering property resulting from its one-dimensional (1D) morphology. However, TiO_2 NWs used as scattering layers in previous work were either aggregated or shortened into shuttles that cannot use their unique 1D properties. In this paper, we present the preparation of a well-dispersed long NW paste (exceeding 1 mm) by a mild method and used as a scattering layer in DSSC. The paste achieved a photoconversion efficiency of 5.73% and an efficiency enhancement of 12% compared with commercial scattering layer (P200 paste). Compared with the DSSC without a scattering layer, an efficiency enhancement of 54.9% was achieved. Also, the largest efficiency of 6.89% was obtained after optimization of photoanode thickness. The photoanodes were investigated through dye desorbed experiments and transmission spectra, which suggested that P25 nanoparticles with the as-prepared NW scattering layer loaded more dye than those with P200 paste. These results indicate that well-dispersed long NW paste has a potential application in scattering layers.
BiVO_4 semiconductor sensitized solar cells

Semiconductor sensitized solar cells (SSSCs) are promising candidates for the third generation of cost-effective photovoltaic solar cells and it is important to develop a group of robust, environment-friendly and visible-light-responsive semiconductor sensitizers. In this paper, we first synthesized bismuth vanadate (BiVO_4) quantum dots by employing facile successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) deposition technique, which we then used as a sensitizer for solar energy conversion. The preliminary optimised oxide SSSC showed an efficiency of 0.36%, nearly 2 orders of magnitude enhancement compared with bare TiO_2, due to the narrow bandgap absorption of BiVO_4 quantum dots and intimate contact with the oxide substrate. This result not only demonstrates a simple method to prepare BiVO_4 quantum dots based solar cells, but also provides important insights into the low bandgap oxide SSSCs.
Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Ammonia (NH_3) plays vital roles in new particle formation and atmospheric chemistry. Although previous studies have revealed that it also influences the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from ozonolysis of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the influence of NH_3 on particle formation from complex mixtures such as vehicle exhausts is still poorly understood. Here we directly introduced gasoline vehicles exhausts (GVE) into a smog chamber with NH_3 absorbed by denuders to examine the role of NH_3 in particle formation from GVE. We found that removing NH_3 from GVE would greatly suppress the formation and growth of particles. Adding NH_3 into the reactor after 3 h photo-oxidation of GVE, the particle number concentration and mass concentrations jumped explosively to much higher levels, indicating that the numbers and mass of particles might be enhanced when aged vehicle exhausts are transported to rural areas and mixed with NH_3-rich plumes. We also found that the presence of NH_3 had no significant influence on SOA formation from GVE. Very similar oxygen to carbon (O:C) and hydrogen to carbon (H:C) ratios resolved by aerosol mass spectrometer with and without NH_3 indicated that the presence of NH_3 also had no impact on the average carbon oxidation state of SOA from GVE.
Evaluation of an automated spike-and-wave complex detection algorithm in the EEG from a rat model of absence epilepsy

The aim of this prospective blinded study was to evaluate an automated algorithm for spike-andwave discharge (SWD) detection applied to EEGs from genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). Five GAERS underwent four sessions of 20-min EEG recording. Each EEG was manually analyzed for SWDs longer than one second by two investigators and automatically using an algorithm developed in MATLAB?. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the manual (reference) versus the automatic (test) methods. The results showed that the algorithm had specificity, sensitivity, PPV and NPV >94%, comparable to published methods that are based on analyzing EEG changes in the frequency domain. This provides a good alternative as a method designed to mimic human manual marking in the time domain.
胡国华教授从“虚”论治慢性盆腔炎经验

慢性盆腔炎是妇科常见病和多发病,病程较长,迁延难愈,易反复发作,甚至导致不孕等,严重降低患者生活质量。胡国华教授对本病的治疗有着丰富的临床经验,认为慢性盆腔炎的病机主要为湿、热、瘀、虚,后期治疗尤应强调“补虚”;强调分阶段治疗:首先应当清热解毒,化湿祛瘀,其次应养阴清热、理气止痛,最后应滋养肝肾、温阳通络。总体注重从“虚”论治。
湖北省中药材规范化种植现状及技术研究体系

在阐述中药材GAP研究背景和实施必要性的基础上,介绍了湖北省中药资源概况和中药材规范化种植及GAP基地建设现状,并总结了已通过国家食品药品监督管理局GAP认证的中药材品种的技术研究体系,为其他品种中药材规范化种植技术研究提供参考。
论陆渊雷肝脾新理论在针灸治疗消化系统疾病上的启示

著名海派名医陆渊雷先生擅用中西医结合的方式科学的解释中医学。其对“肝”“脾”及“肝病传脾”的解释颇为新颖透彻,临床意义重大。笔者通过对其肝脾理论的详细阐述,探讨了此理论对于针灸治疗神经系消化系统疾病的指导意义,并提出“治肝当先实脾”“治脾当先理肝”等神经系消化系统疾病的针灸治则。
三叶青基因组DNA 提取与ISSR 体系构建

目的构建三叶青ISSR反应体系,为三叶青种质资源遗传多样性分析、品种选育与分子鉴定奠定基础。方法用常规CTAB法、SDS法、改良CTAB法、试剂盒法提取三叶青叶片基因组DNA,采用正交设计试验L_(12)(3~4),在4个主要因素的3个水平上进行ISSR体系构建,用12个不同种源三叶青样品验证体系稳定性。结果改良CTAB法提取的三叶青叶片基因组DNA质量最好,纯度高,试剂盒法次之,常规CTAB法与SDS法所提DNA质量较差。构建的ISSR最佳反应体系为:20μl反应体系中,Taq酶用量0.5U,模版DNA20ng,dNTPs0.20mmol/L,引物0.4μmol/L,2μl10× Buffer缓冲液(Mg~(2+)浓度1.5mmol/L)。结论采用正交设计方法构建的三叶青ISSR体系经检验,稳定可靠,可用于三叶青种质资源遗传分析。
樟帮特色升麻炮制工艺的星点设计-效应面法优选

目的优选樟帮特色升麻炮制工艺。方法采用星点设计-效应面法以阿魏酸和异阿魏酸含量为指标进行归一化处理,考察炼蜜用量、麦麸用量、炒制温度、炒制时间4种因素对炮制结果的影响。结果确定最佳炮制工艺为加蜜量10%,加麸量15%,炒制温度130 ℃,炒制时间7 min。实际值与预测值偏差较小,结果有可信度。结论该实验利用星点设计-效应面法优选樟帮特色升麻炮制工艺,精确度高、预测性好。
补肾化痰方对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨补肾化痰方对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法采用皮下注射脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)造模法建立PCOS大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、二甲双胍组、中药(补肾化痰方)低剂量组、中药(补肾化痰方)高剂量组,给予相应药物连续灌胃28天。行阴道涂片、HE染色观察动情周期;用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清胰岛素(INS)水平;用电子精密天平测量脂肪湿重;用血糖仪测定大鼠血糖水平,计算葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUC)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA- IR)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、葡萄糖曲线下面积升高,HOMA指数增高,ISI降低,无规律的动情周期,无排卵,体内脂肪增加。二甲双胍和补肾化痰方两个剂量组可不同程度的改变PCOS大鼠上述病理改变,补肾化痰方用药剂量较高效果较好。结论补肾化痰方可改善多囊卵巢综合征大鼠高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗状态,降低体脂水平,恢复大鼠动情周期及排卵。
天麻真空冷冻干燥粉工艺研究

目的以新鲜天麻为原料,进行真空冷冻干燥工艺研究,考察了天麻真空冷冻干燥工艺中主要影响因素。方法以天麻有效成分天麻素为指标,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交设计法,优选出最佳的冷冻干燥工艺参数。结果最佳工艺为物料切片厚度1 mm、预冻温度-20 ℃、一次干燥时间为3h、干燥温度为40℃。以冻干品的粉体学特征为指标,确定了最佳的粉碎粒度为80目。结论通过正交试验的优化,天麻素的保留率可达0.67%,且确定的冷冻干燥工艺参数稳定、可行、操作性强。
Extractive desulfurization of fuel oil with metal-based ionic liquids

Several metal-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and used as extractants for the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in simulated fuel oil. The effects of several anion and metal ions, n(ILs)/n(metal) as mole ratio, V_(IL)/V_(oil) and extractive times on the removal ratio of DBT were investigated in detail. The results showed that [BMIM]HSO_4/FeCl_3 (BMIM was short for 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole) was superior to the other ILs for the extractive desulfurization. A total of 100% of DBT was removed at room temperature in 5 min with V_([BMIM]HSO_4/FeCl_3) =V_(oil) = 1 : 1. The extractive activity of [BMIM]HSO_4/FeCl_3 IL did not change almost after five runs. Extractive desulfurization of different sulfur compounds and commercial diesel fuel oil were also examined. The removal ratios of the sulfur compounds as the reaction substrates were all over 90% and the sulfur content of commercial diesel oil decreased to 120 ppm from 12,400 ppm.
Bactericidal activity of hydrogel beads based on N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan/alginate complexes loaded with silver nanoparticles

Polysaccharide-based composite materials (beads) containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully prepared. Hydrogel beads acted as an efficient vehicle for Ag~+ delivery. Beads promoted the AgNPs protection and inhibited their aggregation. Antimicrobial assays showed that the beads/AgNPs concentration can be modulated to deliver an amount of Ag~+ necessary for kill Escherichia coli cells.
An on-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Antarctic ice core samples

An on-line solid phase extraction–high performance liquid chromatography–tandemmass spectrometry method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water samples was developed. The optimal analytical conditions were obtained through the optimization of the extraction efficiency of online solid phase extraction column, sample loading rate and loading volume, and the concentration of ammonium acetate in mobile phase. Under the optimal condition, the analytical method displayed good linearity (r~2 > 0.99) for 12 PFASs (C5–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and C6/C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) over a concentration range of 0.5–100 ng/L. The limits of quantitation for samples were between 0.025 ng/L and 0.5 ng/L and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of five consecutive analyses were less than 10% for 1 ng/L standard solution. Satisfactory results were obtained using this analytical method for the analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in Antarctic ice core samples. The recoveries of all perfluoroalkyl substances were in a range of 73%–117% when the sampleswere spiked with standards at the concentrations of 2.5 ng/L and 25 ng/L.
中医针灸涉外教学的探索与思考

根据多年来在国际教学工作中的探索与思考,从突出特色、因材施教,深入浅出、注重实践,精确表达、统一术语,拓展思路、弘扬文化,打造网络、促进交流5个方面阐述了教学中的体会与困惑,旨在提高教学水平,使中医针灸在世界范围更好地传播。
18CrNiMo7-6钢锥齿轮轴纵裂原因分析

18CrNiMo7-6钢是一种低碳高合金渗碳钢,含有较多的Cr、Mo和Mn元素,其中Mo的含量较多,故该钢有极好的淬透性,加热后即使在空气中冷却也能获得较高的硬度,经渗碳后有良好的综合力学性能,因此一般被选用为重载齿轮用钢。某重载减速器的18CrNiMo7-6钢锥齿轮,在生产过程中有些轴出现磨削纵向开裂,如图1所示。锥齿轮轴的工艺流程是: 下料-锻造-一次正火-粗加工-二次正火-精加工-渗碳淬火-车渗碳层-磨削,渗碳淬火设备是HS-17型密封箱式多用炉,碳势控制精度± 0.05%。本文从原材料、热处理工艺等方面对轴开裂问题进行了分析研究,提出了解决方案。
基于中国文化的“人”的概念解析及对护理的启示

在深入开展“深化护理专业内涵,整体提升护理服务水平”的优质护理服务大背景下,立足于护理学科和中国民族文化,发展中国护理学科的原创性护理理论对于解决中国护理实践中的问题、进一步提升中国护理质量、增强中国与其他国家护理界对话的平等机会具有重要意义。“人、环境、健康和护理”是护理学的四个基本概念,也是护理理论构建的基础。本研究以中华民族文化为背景,对“人”的概念进行系统阐述,为中国护理学者发展中国原创性护理理论提供依据。
Environmental behaviors of phoxim with two formulations in bamboo forest under soil surface mulching

Phoxim (emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and granules (G)) has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environmental safety. The environmental behaviors of the two formulations were investigated in a bamboo forest under soil surface mulching conditions (CP) and non-covered cultivation conditions (NCP). The half-lives of phoxim in soil under the two conditions in soil were 4.1-6.2 days (EC) and 31.5-49.5 days (G), respectively. Phoxim in EC could be leached from the topsoil into the subsoil. A minimized leaching effect was observed for G under NCP. Inversely, an enhanced leaching effect was observed for G under CP. The G formulation resulted in more parent compound (in bamboo shoots) and metabolite (in soil) residues of phoxim than in the case of EC, especially under CP conditions. In addition, the intensity and duration of the formulation effect on soil pH adjustment from G were more obvious than that from EC. Results showed that the environmental behaviors (distribution, degradation, residue) of phoxim in the bamboo forest were significantly influenced by the type of formulation. The prolongation effect from phoxim G might cause persistence and long-term environmental risk. However, bamboo shoot consumption could be considered relatively safe after applying the recommended dose of the two phoxim formulations.