mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Flame Tomography

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants,a range of new combustion technologies are being developed or refined,including oxy-fuel combustion,co-firing biomass with coal and fluidized bed combustion.Flame characteristics under such combustion conditions are expected to be different from those in normal air fired combustion processes.Quantified flame characteristics such as temperature distribution,oscillation frequency,and ignition volume play an important part in the optimized design and operation of the environmentally friendly power generation systems.However,it is challenging to obtain such flame characteristics particularly through a three-dimensional and non-intrusive means.Various tomography methods have been proposed to visualize and characterize flames,including passive optical tomography,laser based tomography,and electrical tomography.This paper identifies the challenges in flame tomography and reviews existing techniques for the quantitative characterization of flames.Future trends in flame tomography for industrial applications are discussed.
Cyclonic Separation Technology:Researches and Developments

Centered on the techniques and industrial applications of the reinforced cyclonic separation process,its principles and mechanism for separation of ions,molecules and their aggregates using polydisperse droplets are discussed generally;the characteristics and influential factors of fish-hook phenomenon of the grade efficiency curve in cyclonic separation for both gas and liquid are analyzed;and the influence of shear force on particle behavior(or that of particle swarm) is also summarized.A novel idea for cyclonic separation is presented here:enhancing the cyclonic separation process of ions,molecules and their aggregates with monodisperse microspheres and their surface grafting,rearranging the distribution of particles by size using centrifugal field,reinforcing the cyclonic separation performance with orderly arranged particle swarm.Also the investigation of the shortcut flow,recirculation flow,the asymmetric structure and non-linear characteristics of the cyclonic flow field with a combined method of Volumetric 3-component Velocimetry(V3V) and Phase-Doppler Particle Anemometer(PDPA) are elaborated.It is recommended to develop new systems for the separation of heterogeneous phases with cyclonic technology,in accordance with the capture and reuse of CO 2,methanol to olefins(MTO) process,coal transfer,and the exploitation of oil shale.
Adsorptive Thermodynamic Properties and Kinetics of trans-1,2-Cyclohexandiol onto AB-8 Resin

AB-8 resin was used as an adsorbent for the removal of trans-1,2-cyclohexandiol(CHD) from aqueous solutions.Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time and temperature on sorption efficiency.The adsorptive thermodynamic properties and kinetics of CHD from water onto AB-8 resin were studied.The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to discuss the adsorption behavior.Thermodynamic parameters such as G,H and S were calculated.The results indicate that the equilibrium data are perfectly represented by Langmuir isotherm model.Thermodynamic study reveals that it is an exothermic process in nature and mainly physical adsorption enhanced by chemisorption with a decrease of entropy process.The kinetics of CHD adsorption is well described by the pseudo second-order model.The adsorbed CHD can be eluted from AB-8 resin by 5% ethanol aqueous solution with 100% elution percentage.
磁悬浮列车交通事故死亡1例

磁悬浮列车交通事故致人死亡的案件极少发生，一旦发生，由于尸体毁损严重且距第一现场较远，现场零乱，造成影响较大，易被误认为抛尸案件。因此，此类案件的法医学鉴定应注意细致的尸体检验与大范围的现场勘验相结合，综合分析附近各类交通设施的位置，才能得到准确而全面的鉴定结果。
在顶板上固定膨胀螺栓的新方法

对在顶板上固定膨胀螺栓方法进行了技术创新,使用电锤固定架和紧固螺栓专用工具,实现了工人无需梯子即可在地面上安装层高4m以上顶板的膨胀螺栓,提高了工作效率,降低了工人安全风险。介绍了该方法中电锤固定架和紧固螺栓专用工具的制作和使用。
地铁车站给排水及消防设计的细部优化

地铁车站具有建筑结构复杂,涉及专业繁多,安装空间受限,专业协调难度较大等特点。给排水专业经常遇到水池空间受限,管线预埋穿梁,水管、风管"打架"等问题,结合经验对地铁给排水及消防的细部问题提出优化建议。
间叶性软骨肉瘤6例临床病理分析

目的探讨间叶性软骨肉瘤(mesenchymal chondrosar-coma,MC)的临床特点、病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法采用HE及免疫组化EnVision两步法对6例MC进行观察,并复习相关文献。结果6例MC分别位于股骨、骶骨、肱骨、锁骨、颈部和腹股沟。临床表现主要是疼痛和肿胀。影像学表现与普通软骨肉瘤无明显差别。组织学显示肿瘤由原始未分化小细胞和分化较成熟的透明软骨小岛构成,即双相图像。免疫组化显示未分化小细胞CD99呈不同程度的膜阳性,vimentin也有阳性表达,软骨区S-100蛋白可有阳性表达。结论MC是一种少见的高度恶性肿瘤,其诊断要点是在未分化的小细胞区找到分化较成熟的软骨组织,结合临床资料、免疫组化等特点进行诊断。
凝血酶成功封堵血液透析患者左侧股动脉假性动脉瘤

讨论血液透析时，股静脉穿刺常见并发症为出血、感染，误穿股动脉形成假性动脉瘤并非罕见。假性动脉瘤治疗可选介人放支架，但我们考虑患者下肢功能的恢复，采用凝血酶一次成功封堵，既为患者节省大笔费用，又保证患者下肢行走功能的恢复。
基于对数平均迪氏分解法的中国大气污染治理投资效果的影响因素探讨

识别大气污染治理投资效果的影响因素并分析其各自所带来的影响程度具有重要意义。以工业二氧化硫削减变化量表征大气污染治理投资效果，通过对数平均迪氏分解(LMDI)法，探讨了投资规模、地区分布结构和污染治理的技术效率等3个因素对中国大气污染投资效果的影响。结果表明，从全国层面来看，投资规模增加是大气污染治理投资效果提升的主要因素，而投资的地区分布结构和污染治理的技术效率对投资效果的提升作用均逐渐增强，中国大气污染治理投资的地区分布结构逐渐趋于合理，污染治理的技术效率有所提高；从区域层面来看，投资规模的增加是引起东部、中部、西部大气污染治理投资效果提升的主要因素，但东部地区投资规模增加对投资效果的提升作用在逐渐变小，中部地区的污染治理技术效率对投资效果存在负效应，而西部地区的污染治理技术效率带来的效应由负转正。
A screen-printed, amperometric biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples

An amperometric biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. The extent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deactivation was determined and quantified for pesticide concentrations in water samples. An enzyme immobilization adsorption procedure and polyacrylamide gel matrix polymerization were used for fabrication of the biosensor, with minimal losses in enzyme activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme catalytic reaction on the SPEs surfaces were acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) concentration of 5 mmol/L, pH 7 and reaction time of 4 min. The detection limits for three organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, monocrotophs and parathion) were in the range of 4 to 7 μg/L when an AChE amount of 0.1 U was used for immobilization.
Endogenous nitric oxide mediates alleviation of cadmium toxicity induced by calcium in rice seedlings

The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on rice seedling growth under cadmium chloride (CdCl2) stress, as well as the possible role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in this process, was studied. The growth of rice seedlings was seriously inhibited by CdCl2, and the inhibition was significantly mitigated by CaCl2. However, hemoglobin (Hb) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline- l-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) weakened the promotion effect of CaCl2. The results of NO fluorescence localization suggest that growth accelerated by CaCl2 might be associated with elevated NO levels. The content of Cd, protein thiols (PBT), and nonprotein thiols (NPT) in cell walls, cell organelles, and soluble fractions, respectively, of rice seedlings decreased considerably in the presence of CaCl2, whereas the content of pectin, hemicellulose 1 (HC1), and hemicellulose 2 (HC2) increased significantly. Elimination of endogenous NO in Cd+Ca treatment could promote the transportation of Cd2+ to cell organelles and soluble fractions and increase the content of NPT and PBT in leaves. In addition, transportation of Cd2+ to cell organelles and soluble fractions was retarded in roots, the content of NPT increased, and the content of PBT decreased. With elimination of endogenous NO in Cd+Ca treatment, the content of pectin, HC1, and HC2 decreased significantly. Thus, Ca may alleviate Cd toxicity via endogenous NO with variation in the levels of NPT, PBT, and matrix polysaccharides.
Absorption characteristics of new solvent based on a blend of AMP and 1,8-diamino-p-menthane for CO_2 absorption

Aqueous 1,8-diamino-p-menthane (KIER-C3) and commercially available amine solutions were tested for CO2 absorption. A 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution with an addition of KIER-C3 showed 9.3% and 31.6% higher absorption rate for CO2 than the AMP solution with an addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia (NH3), respectively. The reaction rate constant for CO2 absorption by the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was determined by the following equation: k2,AMP/C3 = 7.702×106 exp (-2248.03/T). A CO2 loading ratio of the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was also 2 and 3.4-times higher than that of the AMP/NH3 solution and the AMP/MEA solution, respectively. Based on the experimental results, KIER-C3 may be used as an excellent additive to increase CO2 absorption capability of AMP.
Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride by chemical synthesis-membrane distillation method with self-made hollow fiber membrane

A method of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a self-made hollow polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was applied to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high Alb content based on chemical synthesis. The permeate flux and Al species distribution were investigated. The experimental results showed that the permeate flux decreased from 14 to 6 kg/(m2·hr) at the end of the DCMD process, which can be mainly attributed to the formation of NaCl deposits on the membrane surface. The Alb content decreased slightly, only from 86.3% to 84.4%, when the DCMD experiment finished, correspondingly the Alc content increased slightly from 7.2% to 8.5%, and the Ala content remained at 7% during the whole DCMD process. A PACl with Alb content of 84% at total aluminum concentration 2.2 mol/L was successfully prepared by the chemical synthesis-DCMD method.
Size distribution and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol formed from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene was investigated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution and chemical composition of SOA particles were measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer and the aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS), respectively. According to a large number of single aerosol diameter and mass spectra, the size distribution and chemical composition of SOA were obtained statistically. Experimental results showed that SOA particles created by Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene is predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 μm (i.e., PM2.5), and glyoxal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzoquinone, benzoic acid, benzyl hydroperoxide and benzyl methyl nitrate are the major products components in the SOA. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products are also proposed.
Degradation kinetics and mechanism of aniline by heat-assisted persulfate oxidation

Oxidation of aniline by persulfate in aqueous solutions was investigated and the reaction kinetic rates under different temperature, persulfate concentration and pH conditions were examined in batch experiments. The results showed that, the aniline degradation followed pseudo first-order reaction model. Aniline degradation rate increased with increasing temperature or persulfate concentration. In the pH range of 3 to 11, a low aniline degradation rate was obtained at strong acid system (pH 3), while a high degradation rate was achieved at strong alkalinity (pH 11). Maximum aniline degradation occurred at pH 7 when the solution was in a weak level of acid and alkalinity (pH 5, 7 and 9). Produced intermediates during the oxidation process were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. And nitrobenzene, 4-4’-diaminodiphenyl and 1-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylhydrazine have been identified as the major intermediates of aniline oxidation by persulfate and the degradation mechanism of aniline was also tentatively proposed.
职业性汞中毒相关性肾病误诊1例

长期暴露于汞作业主要因汞以蒸气形式经呼吸道进入人体，或液态汞通过皮肤吸收，随血液分布于肝、肾、脑等。研究发现，慢性汞中毒以神经系统及肾脏损害为主。而肾脏慢性汞中毒表现在以下两方面：①肾小球慢性汞中毒，临床出现中等量以上蛋白尿、血尿、逐渐出现肾功异常。目前报道有膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症、微小病变肾病，而系膜增生肾炎少见报道；②肾小管慢性汞中毒，临床出现中等量以下蛋白尿伴尿N乙酰βD葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿β2微球蛋白(β2MG)、 尿α1微球蛋白(α1MG)浓度增高。
Different sensitivities to rocuronium of the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve in rats: the role of the presynaptic acetylcholine quantal release

Background Muscles present different responses to muscle relaxants, a mechanism of importance in surgeries requiring facial nerve evoked electromyography under general anaesthesia. The non-depolarizing muscle relaxants have multiple reaction formats in the neuromuscular junction, in which pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine was one of the important mechanisms. This study was to compare the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junctions innervated by normal/damaged facial nerves and somatic nerve under the effect of rocuronium in rats in vitro. Methods Acute right-sided facial nerve injury was induced by nerve crush axotomies. Both sided facial nerve connected orbicularis oris strips and tibial nerve connected gastrocnemius strips were isolated to measure endplate potentials (EPP) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPP) using an intracellular microelectrode gauge under different rocuronium concentrations. Then, the pre-synaptic quantal releases of acetylcholine were calculated by the ratios of the EPPs and the MEPPs, and compared among the damaged or normal facial nerve innervated orbicularis oris and tibial nerve innervated gastrocnemius. Results The EPP/MEPP ratios of the three neuromuscular junctions decreased in a dose dependent manner with the increase of the rocuronium concentration. With the concentrations of rocuronium being 5 μg/ml, 7.5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml, the decrease of the EPP/MEPP ratio in the damaged facial nerve group was greater than that in the normal facial nerve group. The decrease in the somatic nerve group was the biggest, with significant differences. Conclusions Rocuronium presented different levels of inhibition on the pre-synaptic quantal release of acetylcholine in the three groups of neuromuscular junctions. The levels of the inhibition showed the following sequence: somatic nerve > damaged facial nerve > normal facial nerve. The difference may be one of the reasons causing the different sensitivities to rocuronium among the muscles innervated by the normal/injured facial nerves and the somatic nerve. The results may provide some information for the proper usage of muscle relaxants in surgeries requiring electromyographic monitoring for the pre-surgically impaired facial nerves.
Serum uric acid levels correlate with atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic systolic heart failure

Background Studies have shown that increased levels of serum uric acid (SUA) are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, less is known about the prognostic value of SUA levels for AF in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of the study was to examine the prognostic value of SUA levels for AF in patients with CHF. Methods Sixteen thousand six hundred and eighty-one patients diagnosed with CHF from 12 hospitals were analyzed. Patients were categorized into AF group and non-AF group, death group, and survival group according to the results of the patients’ medical records and follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the risk of AF. The sensitivity and specificity of SUA level in predicting the prognosis were examined by multivariate Cox models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The results of univariate predictors in overall patients showed that the higher SUA level was associated with AF. SUA level (HR, 1.084; 95% CI, 1.017–1.144; P <0.001), diuretics (HR, 1.549; 95% CI, 1.246–1.854; P <0.001), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) (HR, 1.237; 95% CI, 1.168–1.306; P <0.001) function class were the independent risk factors for AF. The sensitivity and specificity of the models were 29.6% and 83.8% respectively for predicting AF. When SUA level was added to these models, it remained significant (Wald χ~2, 1494.88; P <0.001 for AF); 58.8% (95% CI, 57.7%–60.0%) of the observed results were concordant with the separate model. Conclusion Higher SUA level is associated strongly with AF in patients with CHF. SUA level can increase the sensitivity and specificity in predicting AF.
不同内固定方式结合康复训练治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的疗效观察

目的比较不同内固定方式结合早期康复治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折术的临床疗效。方法将52例老年高龄股骨转子间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组，每组26例。观察组行闭合复位股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA-II)内固定治疗，对照组行切开复位动力髋螺钉（DHS)内固定，2组患者均行术后早期康复，使用改良Barthel指数（MBI)评估患者术后3个月和6个月时日常生活活动能力（ADL);评定各组患者平均下床时间。结果观察组患者术后3个月的MBI评分为56. 67 ± 11. 92，对照组患者术后3个月的MBI评分为44. 35 ± 8.56，前者明显高于后者，差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05);而术后6个月时，2组患者的MBI评分差异没有统计学意义。观察组患者术后平均下床时间要短于对照组患者，且观察组患者治疗效果优良率高于对照组患者，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PFNA-II内固定方式较DHS内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折，更有助于早期恢复ADL能力，提高治疗效果的优良率。
遵循指南进一步规范冠心病介入治疗

本指南对新近批准上市的比伐卢定和不久将可能上市的抗血小板新药替格瑞洛和普拉格雷也做了推荐，后两者用于服氯吡格雷后血小板抑制不满意的高危患者更有价值。
CONTINUOUS FRAME WAVELETS

Let π be a unitary representation of a locally compact topological group G on a separable Hilbert space H.A vector ψ∈ H is called a continuous frame wavelet if there exist A,B > 0 such that A||ф||~2 ≤∫_G|<π(g)ψ,ф>|~2dg ≤ B||ф||~2 (ф∈H), in which dg is the left Haar measure of G.Similar to the study of wavelets,an essential problem in the study of continuous frame wavelets is how to characterize them under the given unitary representation.Moreover,we investigate a relation between admissible vectors of π and its components.
HYPERHOLOMORPHIC THEORY ON KAEHLER MANIFOLDS

First of all,using the relations(2.3),(2.4),and(2.5),we define a complex Clifford algebra W n and the Witt basis.Secondly,we utilize the Witt basis to define the operators ? and ?~∧ on Kaehler manifolds which act on W_n-valued functions.In addition,the relation between above operators and Hodge-Laplace operator is argued.Then,the Borel-Pompeiu formulas for W_n-valued functions are derived through designing a matrix Dirac operator D and a 2 × 2 matrix-valued invariant integral kernel with the Witt basis.
MULTIVARIATE WEIGHTED BERNSTEIN-TYPE INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Bernstein inequality played an important role in approximation theory and Fourier analysis.This article first introduces a general system of functions and the socalled multivariate weighted Bernstein,Nikol’ski,and Ul’yanov-type inequalities.Then,the relations among these three inequalities are discussed.Namely,it is proved that a family of functions equipped with Bernstein-type inequality satisfies Nikol’ski-type and Ul’yanov-type inequality.Finally,as applications,some classical inequalities are deduced from the obtained results.
生物有机肥对改善黄瓜幼苗素质的影响

生物有机肥具有对作物的生物防治及促生作用,但其在作物育苗中的应用研究较少。应用1.5%生物有机肥调配营养土进行营养钵黄瓜育苗,结果发现生物有机肥能促进黄瓜幼苗的根系生长,提高根系活力;使黄瓜幼苗叶大色浓,光合效率高,光合产物积累多,从而促进了黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗及植株鲜重显著提高,改善黄瓜幼苗的栽培素质,为黄瓜的高产优质栽培奠定基础。
2011年广东水稻产业发展形势及建议

2011年,广东水稻产业发展继续向前。由于当年生产条件较好,在播种面积减少的情况下,水稻生产依靠单产提升获得了丰收。价格方面,受农业生产资料成本上升和国家粮食收购价格提高的影响,与2010年同期相比,稻谷价格有不同幅度提升。但从产业发展整体来看,依然存在农资成本居高不下、生产效益不高、种业基础研发不足、品牌效益不够显著等问题,亟待引起重视。
农业区域品牌经济体的共生理论解读及形成对策探析

以农产品区域品牌为基础形成的经济共同体具备典型的共生经济态特征.从共生的角度对农产品区域品牌经济体的共生机制及共生态内部共生单元之间的博弈及其对应的各类共生模式进行研究.指出在农产品区域品牌共生态内部培育“合和共生”的共生文化、提高区域品牌价值等对策是有效形成对称互惠共生模式的必经途径.
农产品质量安全责任法研究

农产品质量安全关系公众生命健康和社会和谐稳定.我国现行的农产品质量安全法属于行政监管模式,在此模式下农产品质量安全监管的压力很大.基于农产品质量安全的公私二元性,农产品质量安全责任法具有实施成本低以及减少执法负效应的优势.明确甚至培育责任主体、建立健全农产品质量安全标准、完善农产品质量安全追溯体系是我国农产品质量责任法建立中的核心问题.
黑水虻蛹壳中几丁质的提取及壳聚糖制备研究

以黑水虻蛹壳作为试验材料,采用6因素3水平、以脱乙酰度为考察指标进行正交试验.结果表明,黑水虻蛹壳中几丁质提取及壳聚糖制备的最佳工艺条件为:盐酸浓度5%,脱蛋白NaOH浓度12%,脱蛋白温度90℃,脱蛋白时间2h,脱乙酰NaOH浓度40%,脱乙酰温度90℃;在最佳工艺条件下,所制备的壳聚糖脱乙酰度平均值为82.76%；在该6个因素中,脱钙时盐酸浓度对最终结果影响最大.
不同生产工艺有机肥施用效应比较

以鸡粪和米糠为原材料生产商品有机肥,在不同生产进程中接种复合芽孢杆菌剂,比较不同生产工艺有机肥在蔬菜上的施用效应.结果表明:堆肥完成后且包装前接种复合芽孢杆菌剂的生产工艺对高温期的延长效果最好,复合芽孢杆菌剂和原材料一起进行堆肥的生产工艺次之,再次是不添加复合芽孢杆菌仅以原材料进行堆肥的生产工艺.堆肥完成后且包装前接种复合芽孢杆菌剂的生产工艺所生产的有机肥最有利于提高蔬菜产量和品质.可见,包装前接种复合芽孢杆菌的商品有机肥肥效明显优于加入复合芽孢杆菌后进行堆肥的商品有机肥.
A Novel Grid Synchronization Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generator

The dynamic performance of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) before and after connection is analyzed based on corresponding mathematical models and transfer functions in decoupled vector control. The parameter tuning methods of rotor current regulator before and after connection are given. To reach same dynamic performance the parameters should take different values and be switched before and after connection. However on one hand the closing moment of stator contactor is difficult to get as the feedback signal is usually twenty millisecond delay or so. The delay in parameter switching will affect rotor current and torque dynamics during the delayed period after connection. On the other hand parameter switching is troublesome. Hence a synchronization control strategy without parameter switching is proposed and analyzed in detail,which has linear rising exciting current to avoid current overshooting. The dynamic performance of the proposed strategy is analyzed in frequency domain and implemented on a DFIG experimental platform subsequently.The proposed synchronization strategy is validated by experimental results.
关节镜治疗SchatzkerⅠ、Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱的临床观察

胫骨平台SchatzkerⅠ、Ⅳ型骨折在下肢外伤中最为常见,然而若同时合并前交叉韧带胫骨平台止点撕脱,易被临床医师忽视。对于胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折处理的好坏直接影响到膝关节的功能恢复,其治疗目的在于使胫骨平台关节面达到或接近解剖复位,修复膝关节韧带,从而最大限度地恢复膝关节功能。随着运动医学理念和关节镜外科技术的逐渐普及,微创治疗胫骨平台骨折成为现代骨科技术发展的方向。我院自2005年1月至2009年6月对17例胫骨平台骨折(SchatzkerⅠ、Ⅳ)合并前交叉韧带胫骨平台止点撕脱的患者在C臂机透视下采用胫骨平台空心加压螺钉固定,同时在关节镜下对前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折复位,取得较好疗效,现报告如下。
标准化患者应用于肿瘤学临床实习教学中的初步探讨

标准化患者(standardized patients,SP)是指经过标准化、系统化培训后,能准确表现患者的实际临床问题的健康人。可以评估医生操作技能,能发挥扮演患者、充当评估者和教学指导者三种功能,是一种新的临床教学和能力评估方法。有助于提高医学生临床技能操作能力,临床综合诊断思维能力,以及职业道德和行为规范的养成~([1])。肿瘤科患者由于典型病例较少,加之患者隐私等问题,使临床实习生实践的机会很少,因此,SP在肿瘤学实习教学中尤为重要。为了探讨SP在肿瘤学临床实习教学中的应用价值，本所率先采用了由住院医师扮演SP，应用于临床实习教学中，并与传统教学相比较。
Toll样受体4与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是脑血管疾病、冠脉疾病、周围动脉疾病等诸多血管性疾病的病理基础,心脑血管疾病的发生率随着AS发病率的增高,而不断增加,人类身体健康受到严重威胁。研究表明,AS是一种脂质介导的慢性炎症性疾病[1],以血管壁内脂质沉积、炎症细胞聚集为特征[2],免疫反应贯穿于AS的始终。Toll样受体(toll like receptors,TLR)尤其是Toll样受体4(TLR4)作为一类介导非特异性免疫反应的跨膜信号转导受体蛋白,能够识别多种病原相关的分子模式（PAMPs），并能调控胆固醇的代谢、细胞凋亡、斑块的稳定性、炎症和免疫反应以及血管重塑等病理过程，在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中的作用极其重要，是最近几年研究较多的模式识别受体，其在免疫反应中作用突出。TLR4能识别PAMPs并激活炎症细胞。TLR4既可识别外源性配体-革兰阴性细菌细胞壁成分脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide, LPS)同时也能识别动脉损伤过程中表达的内源性配体。诸多研究表明，TLR与越来越多的临床疾病关系密切~([3])，在AS的发生、发展进程中，TLR4的作用至关重要，本文就TLR4的结构功能、信号转导通路与AS之间的相关性作一综述。
心脏破裂成功救治一例

患者,男,28岁,约70kg,因"车祸致胸腹部闭合性外伤18h"入院。患者18h前发生车祸,出现胸痛、胸闷,无头痛,无腹胀腹痛,无大小便失禁,为进一步治疗入院。入院后予以抗炎、补液、右侧胸腔闭式引流等治疗,因血压下降,腹穿见“不凝血”，怀疑腹腔内出血拟行剖腹探查术。
未婚先孕人工流产妇女妊娠知识认知情况的调查与分析

目的了解未婚先孕妇女对意外妊娠相关知识的认知情况。方法对行人工流产的500名未婚先孕妇女进行问卷调查，调查内容包括一般情况、性生理知识、避孕知识和人工流产知识了解情况。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果未婚先孕妇女中以20~25岁、初中及以下学历和流动人口多见，发生意外妊娠而行人工流产的原因主要是性生理知识、避孕知识及人工流产知识的缺乏。结论加强年轻妇女的避孕教育，普及未婚妇女的性生理知识和避孕知识，提高未婚妇女因意外妊娠而行人工流产的风险意识，可进一步减少和防止意外妊娠的发生。
盐酸托莫西汀合成路线图解

盐酸托莫西汀(atomoxetine hydrochloride,1),化学名为(R)-N-甲基-3-苯基-3-(2-甲基苯氧基)-丙胺盐酸盐,是美国Eli Lilly公司研发的非中枢兴奋剂,2003年首次在美国上市,临床用于治疗注意力缺陷性多动症(ADHD)。本品系选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂,对成人ADHD有效,且能缓解多数儿童和青少年的ADHD症状而不导致失眠。本文综述了1的合成路线(图1)。
Special Problems in Pilot Protections of Transmission Lines Connecting Wind Farms

As the penetration of wind power into power grids increases,higher demands are made on the stability and protection of power systems.Unlike traditional synchronous generators,wind turbines are different on the short-circuit and impedance characteristics,thus some problems exist in pilot protections of transmission lines connecting wind farms.When a single-phase fault occurs on a transmission line,the phase selector based on current-difference sudden-change may mistake the single-phase fault for a phase-to-phase fault.This paper studies the impedance characteristics of an asynchronous wind generator,and analyzes the behavior of a fault phase selector under different conditions.Then,the paper explains that inequality between positive and negative branch coefficients is the cause for the mal-operation of the fault phase selector.Finally,some simulations are done in MATLAB to validate analysis results.
Protection of Large-scale Wind Power Integration

More and more large capacity wind power will be integrated into power system in the future,and certain technical challenges will emerge due to the fluctuation characteristics of wind power and the complex control of power electronic devices inside the wind turbines(e.g.,low voltage ride through(LVRT)).By comparing a wind power integration grid with a hydropower integration grid,the special transient phenomena caused by the wind power integration is studied and simulation results are presented.Furthermore,the potential impacts on the traditional protection are discussed.Results show that the special transient phenomena can decrease the sensitivity,reliability and operation speed of conventional protections.