mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for optimizing sugar metabolism and transport during fruit development

Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops.They not only provide "sweetness" as fruit quality traits, but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli.Therefore, the understanding to the molecular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors.Here, we provide a review for molecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport, crosstalk with hormone signaling, and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.Moreover, we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
Bn.YCO affects chloroplast development in Brassica napus L.

Mature chloroplasts,as the main sites of photosynthesis,are essential for seedling growth in higher plants.Loss of function of genes involved in chloroplast development changes plant phenotype.We obtained a YELLOW COTYLEDON (YCO) mutant in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using CRISPR-Cas9.Bn.YCO,a gene of unknown function,has two homologous copies (BnaA01.YCO and BnaC01.YCO) in B.napus.Homozygous mutation of these two homologs resulted in yellow cotyledons and chlorotic true leaves.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the formation of thylakoid membranes was inhibited in yellow cotyledons.Sequence similarity search revealed that YCO was conserved in different species,and a subcellular location assay verified that Bn.YCO was located in the chloroplast.Bn.YCO was expressed in multiple tissues,most highly in cotyledons.Knockout of Bn.YCO blocked the transcription of plastid genes,especially those of photosystem genes transcribed by plastid-encoded polymerase.Transcriptome sequencing showed that the majority of genes involved in ribosome assembly and photosynthesis were down-regulated in Bn.yco mutants.These results suggested that loss of function of Bn.YCO affected plastid gene transcription,which influenced chloroplast biogenesis in rapeseed seedlings.
Yield performance and optimal nitrogen and phosphorus application rates in wheat and faba bean intercropping

Yield performance in cereal and legume intercropping is related to nutrient management, however, the yield response of companion crops to nitrogen (N) input is inconclusive and only limited efforts have focused on rationed phosphorous (P) fertilization. In this study, two multi-year field experiments were implemented from 2014-2019 under identical conditions. Two factors in a randomized complete block design were adopted in both experiments. In field experiment 1, the two factors included three planting patterns (mono-cropped wheat (MW), mono-cropped faba bean (MF), and wheat and faba bean intercropping (W//F)) and four N application rates (N0, 0 kg N ha~(-1); N1, 90 and 45 kg N ha~(-1) for wheat and faba beans, respectively; N2, 180 and 90 kg N ha~(-1) for wheat and faba beans, respectively; and N3, 270 and 135 kg N ha~(-1) for wheat and faba beans, respectively). In field experiment 2, the two factors included three P application rates (P0, 0 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1); P1, 45 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1); and P2, 90 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1)) and the same three planting patterns (MW, MF, and W//F). The yield performances of inter- and mono-cropped wheat and faba beans under different N and P application rates were analyzed and the optimal N and P rates for intercropped wheat (IW) and MW were estimated. The results revealed that intercropping favored wheat yield and was adverse to faba bean yield. Wheat yield increased by 18-26%, but faba bean yield decreased by 5-21% in W//F compared to MW and MF, respectively. The stimulated IW yield drove the yield advantage in W//F with an average land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.12. N and P fertilization benefited IW yield, but reduced intercropped faba bean (IF) yield. Nevertheless, the partial LER of wheat (pLER_(wheat)) decreased with increasing N application rates, and the partial LER of faba bean (pLER_(faba bean)) decreased with increasing P application rates. Thus, LER decreased as N input increased and tended to decline as P rates increased. IW maintained a similar yield as MW, even under reduced 40-50% N fertilizer and 30-40% P fertilizer conditions. The estimated optimum N application rates for IW and MW were 150 and 168 kg ha~(-1), respectively, and 63 and 62 kg ha~(-1) for P_2O_5, respectively. In conclusion, W//F exhibited yield advantages due to stimulated IW yield, but the intercropping yield benefit decreased as N and P inputs increased. Thus, it was concluded that modulated N and P rates could maximize the economic and ecological functions of intercropping. Based on the results, rates of 150 kg N ha~(-1) and 60 kg P_2O_5 ha~(-1) are recommended for IW production in southwestern China and places with similar conditions.
The sex peptide receptor in the Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is involved in development and stress resistance

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulates downstream genes by binding to a heterotrimeric G protein. However, the function of sex peptide receptor (SPR) in lepidopteran species is mostly unknown. Understanding the physiological functions of SPR in insects is essential for exploring new insecticidal targets. In the present study, the functions of an SPR in Lymantria dispar (Asian gypsy moth; LdSPR) were investigated. The expression of LdSPR was the highest in the 6th instar larval stage, and there was a large difference in expression between male and female adults. After LdSPR gene silencing, L. dispar larvae showed increased sensitivity to high temperature, starvation, and oxidative stress, indicating that LdSPR enhances stress resistance. These results enrich our knowledge of the function of the insect SPRs, which will lead to a better understanding of other insect GPCR family members and the identification of new targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides.
Magnetically controllable metasurface and its application

The dynamic control of the metasurface opens up a vital technological approach for the development of multifunctional integrated optical devices. The magnetic field manipulation has the advantages of sub-nanosecond ultra-fast response, non-contact, and continuous adjustment. Thus, the magnetically controllable metasurface has attracted significant attention in recent years. This study introduces the basic principles of the Faraday and Kerr effect of magneto-optical (MO) materials. It classifies the typical MO materials according to their properties. It also summarizes the physical mechanism of different MO metasurfaces that combine the MO effect with plasmonic or dielectric resonance. Besides, their applications in the nonreciprocal device and MO sensing are demonstrated. The future perspectives and challenges of the research on MO metasurfaces are discussed.
Energy and economic analysis of a point-focus concentrating photovoltaic system when its installation site varies

The concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a promising technology to obtain clean energy.However, these systems are not equally convenient worldwide due to different climatic conditions.The main aim of this paper is to analyze energy and economic performances of a point-focus CPV system for a residential user when its installation site varies.Three locations, Riyadh, Copenhagen, and Palermo, characterized by very different weather conditions are chosen.A model that links the electrical power of a triple-junction (TJ) cell with its temperature and concentrated radiation incident on it is experimentally developed to evaluate the energy performance of the CPV system.A comparison of the three localities for typical winter and summer sunny days indicates that the higher values of the TJ cell temperature are reached in summer, over 70°C at Riyadh, and its electrical power is reduced compared to a winter day.In winter, a TJ cell in Riyadh supplies an electric power of about 20% higher than that in other two cities, while in summer, the maximum power is observed at Copenhagen.On the contrary, the electrical producibility also depends on the sunlight daily hours number during the year.Hence, considering the real distribution of direct normal irradiance (DNI) and the environmental temperature for each locality, a CPV system composed of modules of 90 cells adopted for a residential user is sized.The electric producibility of the CPV system, by varying its module number, is evaluated for different localities together with the optimal number of the modules which is able to maximize the investment profitability.
The “Traditional Chinese medicine regulating liver regeneration” treatment plan for reducing mortality of patients with hepatitis B-related liver failure based on real-world clinical data

On the basis of real-world clinical data, the study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of the treatment plan of “traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) regulating liver regeneration.” A total of 457 patients with HBV-related liver failure were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into three groups: the modern medicine control group (MMC group), patients treated with routine medical treatment; the control group combining traditional Chinese andWestern medicine (CTW), patients treated with routine medical treatment plus the common TCM formula; and the treatment group of “TCM regulating liver regeneration” (RLR), patients treated with both routine medical treatment and the special TCM formula of RLR. After 8 weeks of treatment, the mortality of patients in the RLR group (12.31%) was significantly lower than those in the MMC (50%) and CTW (29.11%) groups. Total bilirubin level significantly decreased and albumin increased in the RLR group when compared with the MMC and CTW groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the expression of several cytokines related to liver regeneration in the RLR group compared with the MMC group. RLR treatment can decrease jaundice, improve liver function, and significantly reduce the mortality in patients with HBV-related liver failure. The mechanism may be related to the role of RLR treatment in influencing cytokines related to liver regeneration.
Role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of intracranial non- Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula

Background and purpose The safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment for non- Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula (NGPAVF) is inadequately known.The aim of this study is to explore the role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of NGPAVF.Materials and methods Patients with NGPAVF underwent endovascular treatment from January 2011 to November 2019 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed.Demographics,clinical information,treatment details and clinical outcomes were collected.Factors associated with clinical outcomes were statistically analysed.Results Twenty patients were included,with a total of 22 (2 patients have 2 fistulas) lesions.A total of 25 procedures were performed and 5 patients underwent 2 procedures.Follow- up ranged from 3 to 84 months (mean=34.5 months).Thirteen (59.1%) lesions in 12 (60.0%) patients acquired immediate occlusion after initial treatment (immediately occluded group) and follow- up confirmed the complete obliteration.A total of 17 (77.3%) lesions in 15 (75.0%) patients were cured at last follow- up.The maximal diameter of feeding arteries (p=0.04) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p=0.01) in immediately occluded group was smaller than non- immediately occluded group.The number of feeding artery (p=0.004) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p<0.001) were much smaller in curative group than non- curative group.Seven patients suffered procedure- related complications.No patients had an increased Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and all patients had favourable clinical outcome (mRS ≥2) at last follow- up.Conclusions Endovascular therapy plays an important role in curative treatment of NGPAVF.Patients with less feeding arteries and small varix may be easier to be cured by endovascular embolisation.
Whole genome sequencing of 10K patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack:design,methods and baseline patient characteristics

Background and purpose Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality and long- term disability in China,but its underlying risk genes and pathways are far from being comprehensively understood.We here describe the design and methods of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for 10 914 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR- III).Methods Baseline clinical characteristics of the included patients in this study were reported.DNA was extracted from white blood cells of participants.Libraries are constructed using qualified DNA,and WGS is conducted on BGISEQ-500 platform.The average depth is intended to be greater than 30× for each subject.Afterwards,Sentieon software is applied to process the sequencing data under the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practice guidance to call genotypes of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion- deletions.For each included subject,21 fingerprint SNVs are genotyped by MassARRAY assays to verify that DNA sample and sequencing data originate from the same individual.The copy number variations and structural variations are also called for each patient.All of the genetic variants are annotated and predicted by bioinformatics software or by reviewing public databases.Results The average age of the included 10 914 patients was 62.2±11.3 years,and 31.4% patients were women.Most of the baseline clinical characteristics of the 10 914 and the excluded patients were balanced.Conclusions The WGS data together with abundant clinical and imaging data of CNSR- III could provide opportunity to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and discover novel therapeutic targets for stroke.
Human PRV Infection in China:An Alarm to Accelerate Eradication of PRV in Domestic Pigs

Pseudorabies,also known as Aujeszky's disease,is one of the most economically important viral diseases in pigs and is lethal to other susceptible animals (Ren et al.2020).The causative agent,pseudorabies virus (PRV),is an enveloped virus with a large double-stranded DNA genome encoding at least 70 proteins (Wong et al.2019).PRV belongs to the family Herpesviridae,subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae,genus Varicellovirus and infects multiple animals,such as pigs,dogs,cats,rabbits,cattle,sheep,goats,minks,foxes,wolves,lynxes,etc.(He et al.2019;Laval and Enquist 2020).Pigs are recognized as the natural hosts for the virus,and the PRV infection causes severe neurological symptoms in piglets with almost 100% mortality,respiratory/neurological signs in the nursery,respiratory signs in adult pigs,and reproductive disorders in sows (He et al.2019;Ren et al.2020).Most of the other infected non-natural animal hosts die within 24-48 h of disease onset,which is usually characterized by severe pruritus in the head and neck,accompanied by self-mutilation (Laval and Enquist 2020).
Characterization of tree shrew telomeres and telomerase

The use of tree shrews as experimental animals for biomedical research is a new practice. Several recent studies suggest that tree shrews are suitable for studying cancers, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the telomeres and the telomerase of tree shrews have not been studied to date. Here, we characterize telomeres and telomerase in tree shrews. The telomere length of tree shrews is approximately 23 kb, which is longer than that of primates and shorter than that of mice, and it is extended in breast tumor tissues according to Southern blot and flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. Tree shrew spleen, bone marrow, testis, ovary, and uterus show high telomerase activities, which are increased in breast tumor tissues by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assays. The telomere length becomes shorter, and telomerase activity decreases with age. The tree shrew TERT and TERC are more highly similar to primates than to rodents. These findings lay a solid foundation for using tree shrews to study aging and cancers.
Reprogramming Restores Vision in Mice by Changing DNA Methylation

Cell reprogramming is the process of reverting mature, specialized cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming also refers to the erasure and re-establishment of epigenetic markers during the development of mammalian germ cells, such as DNA methylation [1]. At present, reprogramming mainly refers to two processes: the process of reverting differentiated cells to a pluripotent state, and the process of transforming one type of differentiated cell into another [2]. Reprogramming mainly includes induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, direct transdifferentiation, and indirect lineage conversion.
Apportioning above- and below-ground effects of moss biocrusts on soil detachment by overland flow in a subtropical climate

Biocrusts affect soil detachment through above-ground (top crust's surface covering) and below-ground (sub-crust's binding and bonding, B&B) effects, which might vary with biocrust development or coverage. However, these effects in humid climates are still unclear. This study was conducted to apportion and quantify the surface covering and B&B effects of moss biocrusts with five coverage levels (1%-20%, 20%-40%, 40%-60%, 60%-80%, and 80%-100%) on soil detachment by overland flow in a subtropical humid climate. Two treatments with one being intact moss crusts and one removing the aboveground moss tissues were designed for each coverage level, and bare soil was used as the baseline. The results indicated that soil detachment capacity (Dc) and rill erodibility (Kr) decreased with biocrust coverage. After removing the above-ground moss tissues, the impeding effect of biocrusts on soil detachment weakened, but still increasing soil erosion resistance relative to bare soil. For intact crust, Dc was reduced by 50%-95% compared with bare soil, wherein 36%-55% and 14%-40% were attributed to the surface covering and B&B, respectively. The top crust contributed more than sub-crust to the soil detachment reduction, which were related to but not linear with biocrust coverage. When biocrust coverage reached mid-to-higher level (40%-100%), both top crust and sub-crust steadily contributed to soil detachment reduction with 60% and 40%, respectively. The findings advance a better understanding of the influencing mechanism of biocrusts on soil erosion in humid climates and highlight the importance of saving biocrusts as ecosystem functions.
Robust Estimation for Poisson Integer-Valued GARCH Models Using a New Hybrid Loss

The Poisson integer-valued GARCH model is a popular tool in modeling time series of counts. The commonly used maximum likelihood estimator is strongly influenced by outliers, so there is a need to develop a robust M-estimator for this model. This paper has three aims. First, the authors propose a new loss function, which is a hybrid of the tri-weight loss for relatively small errors and the exponential squared loss for relatively large ones. Second, Mallows' quasi-likelihood estimator (MQLE) is proposed as an M-estimator and its existence, uniqueness, consistency and asymptotic normality are established. In addition, a data-adaptive algorithm for computing MQLE is given based on a datadriven selection of tuning parameters in the loss function. Third, simulation studies and analysis of a real example are conducted to illustrate the performance of the new estimator, and a comparison with existing estimators is made.
Toroidal component of velocity for geodesic acoustic modes in the edge plasmas of the J-TEXT tokamak

The toroidal component of the velocity for geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) is first demonstrated.Multiple Langmuir probe arrays set up near the top tokamak of the J-TEXT were utilized for this study.A significant peak at the GAM frequency is observed in Mach number fluctuations.The toroidal velocity for the GAMs is estimated as ~10-100 m s~(-1) and increases with the poloidal velocity.The ratio of toroidal component to the poloidal one of the velocity is mainly located in the interval between 0.3 and 1.0.With higher safety factors q,the ratio almost does not change with decreasing the safety factor,whereas it goes up sharply at low q.The coherencies between poloidal electric fields and Mach number fluctuations in turbulence frequency bands are also evaluated,and are higher than those between radial electric fields and Mach number fluctuations.
Numerical simulation of the effects of protrusion on DC arc anode attachment

The attachment of the DC arc on the anode is usually affected by surface morphology such as protrusions due to ablation or melting deformation.A three-dimensional thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium model is used to numerically simulate the effect of artificially assumed surface protrusions on the arc anode attachment.The numerical simulation results show that the arc deflects toward the protrusions on the anode and attaches to them in a constricted mode,resulting in an increase in the temperature of the arc attachment region.The analysis shows that the presence of protrusion on the anode surface changes the electric field distribution,intensifies the degree of thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium in its vicinity,further influences the chemical kinetic process of the plasma around it,which is the main reason for the deflection of the arc toward the protrusions and the arc anode attachment in a constricted mode.In order to verify the numerical simulation results,verification experiments are also performed using similar size scale anode protrusion,and the results showed that the presence of protrusion can indeed cause the deflection of the arc and even cause the ablation of the protrusion.
Significance of Stefan blowing effect on flow and heat transfer of Casson nanofluid over a moving thin needle

The current mathematical model explains the influence of non-linear thermal radiation on the Casson liquid flow over a moving thin needle by considering Buongiorno's nanofluid model. The influences of Stefan blowing, Dufour and Soret effects are also considered in the model. The equations which represent the described flow pattern are reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using apt similarity transformations and then they are numerically solved with Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg's fourth fifth-order method (RKF-45) with shooting process. The impacts of pertinent parameters on thermal, mass and velocity curves are deliberated graphically. Skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer are also discussed graphically. Results reveal that, the increase in values of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Dufour number, heating and radiative parameters improves the heat transfer. The increasing values of the Schmidt number deteriorates the mass transfer but a converse trend is seen for increasing values of the Soret number. Finally, the escalating values of the radiative parameter decays the rate of heat transfer.