mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Strategies of Removing Residual Lithium Compounds on the Surface of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials

Ni-rich cathode materials have become one of the most promising cathode materials for advanced high-energy Li-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high specific capacity. However, Ni-rich cathode materials are sensitive to the trace H_2O and CO_2 in the air, and tend to react with them to generate LiOH and Li_2CO_3 at the particle surface region(named residual lithium compounds, labeled as RLCs). The RLCs will deteriorate the comprehensive performances of Ni-rich cathode materials and make trouble in the subsequent manufacturing process of electrode, including causing low initial coulombic efficiency and poor storage property, bringing about potential safety hazards, and gelatinizing the electrode slurry. Therefore, it is of considerable significance to remove the RLCs. Researchers have done a lot of work on the corresponding field, such as exploring the formation mechanism and elimination methods. This paper investigates the origin of the surface residual lithium compounds on Ni-rich cathode materials, analyzes their adverse effects on the performance and the subsequent electrode production process, and summarizes various kinds of feasible methods for removing the RLCs. Finally, we propose a new research direction of eliminating the lithium residuals after comparing and summing up the above. We hope this work can provide a reference for alleviating the adverse effects of residual lithium compounds for Ni-rich cathode materials' industrial production.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of Novel Anthranilic Diamides Derivatives Containing 4-Chlorine Substituted N-Pyridylpyrazole

To search for potent insecticides targeting at ryanodine receptors(RyRs), a series of novel anthranilic diamides analogs containing 4-chlorine N-pyridylpyrazole were designed and synthesized. Their insecticidal activities were evaluated and the preliminary structure-activity relationships(SARs)were discussed. The insecticidal results showed that some of the compounds(8a-8h, 8m, 8n)exhibited good larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm at 2.5 mg·L~(-1), and compound 8m possessed 60% insecticidal activity at 0.5 mg·L~(-1). For diamondback moth, 8m exhibited better activity than Chlorantraniliprole at a hundred fold preference. The calcium imaging technique experiment results suggested that compound 8m could increase the intracellular [Ca~(2+)]_i. With the neurons preincubated experiment, the results confirmed that the target of this series of compounds could be RyRs in the central larvae neurons of oriental armyworm. The results indicated that compound 8m could respond as a potential modulator of the insect ryanodine receptor.
Synthesis of [2,2']Bifuranyl-5,5'-dicarboxylic Acid Esters via Reductive Homocoupling of 5-Bromofuran-2-carboxylates Using Alcohols as Reductants

Herein, we describe an environmentally benign and cost-effective protocol for the synthesis of valuable bifuranyl dicarboxylates, starting with a-bromination of readily accessible furan-2-carboxylates by LiBr and K_2S_2O_8. Furthermore, the bromination intermediate product 5-bromofuran-2-carboxylates were then conducted in a palladium-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reactions in the presence of alcohols to afford bifuranyl dicarboxylates. One of the final products in this protocol, [2,2']bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid esters, are essential monomers of poly(ethylene bifuranoate), which can be served as an green and versatile alternative polymer for traditional poly(ethylene terephthalate)that is currently common in technical plastics.
软磁磁粉芯和烧结软磁材料:结构、性能、特点和应用

压制好生坯之后,就可根据工艺要求对生坯进行热处理了。热处理是磁粉芯的制造工艺中最关键的一步,因为通过这个工艺过程,产品将获得最终的磁性和机械性能等。热处理过程的三个主要因素是时间、温度和气氛。材料不同,热处理温度也不相同。所使用的热处理炉的不同、最终产品的尺寸大小不同,所需的烧结时间也很不相同。对于粉末烧结软磁体,这个过程也叫烧结过程。对于磁粉芯,有时也叫退火,但习惯上也叫烧结,虽然温度远达不到烧结温度。但由于经过这个过程,磁粉芯将最终成型,这个过程也涉及到磁粉芯中粘结绝缘剂的固化,使磁粉芯获得足够的强度,因此,不严格地,也叫烧结过程。有时烧结结束,还要进行二次退火。在烧结过程中磁粉芯将收缩到最终的尺寸。
未定带的神经纤维联系及其功能的研究进展

未定带(ZI)是位于丘脑网状核旁的丘脑下核团,主要由抑制性γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元构成,并与许多大脑区域相互连接。ZI参与调控内脏活动、意识、注意力和运动等功能,但具体机制不明。随着特异性操控神经元技术的发展,明确ZI的神经纤维联系及其功能成为可能。本文结合ZI的神经纤维联系的研究进展,对这些纤维联系的功能进行综述。
GNB5基因变异致智力障碍伴特发性病态窦房结综合征一例

小儿特发性病态窦房结综合征是在儿童时期起病,表现为窦房结功能障碍的心律失常综合征,通常认为与遗传性因素有关。随着基因测序技术的发展,与特发性病态窦房结综合征相关的基因变异位点陆续被发现,人们对其发病机制的认识已深入到分子水平。本文报道1例智力障碍伴特发性病态窦房结综合征的病例,为GNB5基因移码变异c.136delG。该基因变异临床罕见,丰富了特发性窦房结综合征的基因和临床表型谱,为该病的精准诊断及遗传咨询提供依据。
Translocation and distribution of mercury in biomasses from subtropical forest ecosystems: evidence from stable mercury isotopes

To understand its source, distribution, storage, and translocation in the subtropical forest ecosystems, mercury (Hg) concentrations and stable isotopes in forest biomass tissues (foliage, branch, bark, and trunk) were investigated at Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Southwest China. The total Hg (THg) concentrations in the samples show the following trend: mature foliage (57 ± 19 ng g~(-1))>bark (11 ± 4.0 ng g~(-1))>branch (5.4 ± 2.5 ng g~(-1))>trunk (1.6 ± 0.7 ng g~(-1)). Using the measured THg concentrations and the quantity of respective biomasses, the Hg pools in the forest are: wood (60 ± 26 lg m-2)>bark (51 ± 18 lg m-2)>foliage (41 ± 11 lg m-2)>branch (26 ± 8.3 lg m-2). The tree biomasses displayed negative δ~(202)Hg (-1.83% to-3.84%) and ∆~(199)Hg (-0.18% to-0.62%). The observed ∆~(200)Hg (-0.08% to 0.04%) is not significantly from zero. A ∆~(199)Hg/∆~(201)Hg ratio of 1.05 was found in tree biomasses, suggesting that mercury has undergone Hg(II) photoreduction processes. A Hg-isotope based binary mixing model suggests that Hg in the tree biomasses mainly originated from foliage uptake of atmospheric Hg~0, constituting 67%, 80%, and 77% of Hg in wood, branch, and bark, respectively. Our study sheds new light on the transportation and sources of Hg in the subtropical forest ecosystems.
A red herring: An unusual case of pneumothorax

A 67-year-old Chinese man presented to our emergency department (ED) complaining of right-sided chest wall pain. He noticed these symptoms three hours prior to arrival. He denied any shortness of breath or recent injury. Past medical history was signifi cant only for hypertension. Social history was signifi cant for a history of smoking (40 packs per year). On examination, the patient appeared calm and in no acute distress. No central or peripheral cyanosis was seen, nor any peripheral edema. Vital signs at triage were blood pressure 148/79 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), heart rate 95 beats per minute, respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, temperature 37.4 °C, and oxygen saturation (SpO_2) 95% on room air. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood count, electrolytes, troponin, and D-dimer tests were unremarkable.
Impacts of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Vertical Structure on Haze Pollution Observed by Tethered Balloon and Lidar

In this paper, the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) vertical structure over the North China Plain (NCP) during a comprehensive observation experiment conducted during 15–21 December 2018 were investigated. Observational data were obtained with a large tethered balloon, Doppler wind lidar, and ground-level instruments. The maximum concentration of PM_(2.5) exceeded 200 μg m–3, and the ratio of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) was approximately 0.4 (its maxi-mum was approximately 0.8) during the whole observation period, indicating the explosive growth of dominant fine-mode aerosols in the winter heating season. Elevated concentrations of pollutants decreased the solar irradiance received by the ground, resulting in lower temperature at ground level. Our results illustrate three distinct types of vertical profiles: Type 1 (convective state)—the concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased nearly linearly with increase of the height below approximately 600 m; Type 2 (stable state)—the PM_(2.5) concentration sharply decreased from the ground to approximately 200 m; and Type 3 (multilayer structure)—some pollutants were suspended aloft in the upper air layer. Diurnal evolution of the vertical profiles of PM_(2.5) and their relationship with the changes in meteorological factors were identified. From daytime to nighttime, the vertical profiles evolved from Type 1 to Type 2 or Type 3. All the 33 vertical PM_(2.5) profiles that we obtained showed a strong relationship with elements of the ABL structure, such as the distributions of winds, the inversion layer, and turbulence activities. A light-wind layer and weak turbulence activity, especially within the inversion layer, contributed greatly to the accumulation of pollutants. Vertical PM_(2.5) concentration patterns were also greatly affected by local ground-level emission sources and regional transport processes.
Inconsistency of changes in uniaxial compressive strength and P-wave velocity of sandstone after temperature treatments

It is generally accepted that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and P-wave velocity of rocks tend to decrease simultaneously with increasing temperature.However,based on a great number of statistical data and systematic analysis of the microstructure variation of rocks with temperature rising and corresponding propagation mechanism of elastic wave,the results show that (1) There are three different trends for the changes of UCS and P-wave velocity of sandstone when heated from room temperature (20 ℃ or 25 ℃) to 800 ℃:(i) Both the UCS and P-wave velocity decrease simultaneously;(ii) The UCS increases initially and then decreases,while the P-wave velocity decreases continuously;and (iii) The UCS increases initially and then fluctuates,while the P-wave velocity continuously decreases.(2) The UCS changes at room temperaturee400 ℃,400 ℃e600 ℃,and 600 ℃e800 ℃ are mainly attributed to the discrepancy of microstructure characteristics and quartz content,the transformation plasticity of clay minerals,and the balance between the thermal cementation and thermal damage,respectively.(3) The inconsistency in the trends of UCS and P-wave velocity changes is caused by the change of quartz content,phase transition of water and certain minerals.
A two-dimensional limit equilibrium computer code for analysis of complex toppling slope failures

Evaluation of blocky or layered rock slopes against toppling failures has remained of great concern for engineers in various rock mechanics projects.Several step-by-step analytical solutions have been developed for analyzing these types of slope failures.However,manual application of these analytical solutions for real case studies can be time-consuming,complicated,and in certain cases even impossible.This study will first examine existing methods for toppling failure analyses that are reviewed,modified and generalized to consider the effects of a wide range of external and dead loads on slope stability.Next,based on the generalized presented formulae,a Windows form computer code is programmed using Visual C# for analysis of common types of toppling failures.Input parameters,including slope geometry,joint sets parameters,rock and soil properties,ground water level,dynamic loads,support anchor loads as well as magnitudes and forms of external forces,are first loaded into the code.The input data are then saved and used to graphically draw the slope model.This is followed by automatic identification of the toppling failure mode and a deterministic analysis of the slope stability against this failure mode.The results are presented using a graphical approach.The developed code allows probabilistic introduction of the input parameters via probability distribution functions (PDFs) and thus a probabilistic analysis of the toppling failure modes using Monte-Carlo simulation technique.This allows calculation of the probability of slope failure.Finally,several published case studies and typical examples are analyzed with the developed code.The outcomes are compared with those of the main references to assess the performance and robustness of the developed computer code.The comparisons demonstrate good agreement between the results.
Innovation and future of mining rock mechanics

The 121 mining method of longwall mining first proposed in England has been widely used around the world.This method requires excavation of two mining roadways and reservation of one coal pillar to mine one working face.Due to considerable excavation of roadway,the mining roadway is generally destroyed during coal mining.The stress concentration in the coal pillar can cause large deformation of surrounding rocks,rockbursts and other disasters,and subsequently a large volume of coal pillar resources will be wasted.To improve the coal recovery rate and reduce excavation of the mining roadway,the 111 mining method of longwall mining was proposed in the former Soviet Union based on the 121 mining method.The 111 mining method requires excavation of one mining roadway and setting one filling body to replace the coal pillar while maintaining another mining roadway to mine one working face.However,because the stress transfer structure of roadway and working face roof has not changed,the problem of stress concentration in the surrounding rocks of roadway has not been well solved.To solve the above problems,the conventional concept utilizing high-strength support to resist the mining pressure for the 121 and 111 mining methods should be updated.The idea is to utilize mining pressure and expansion characteristics of the collapsed rock mass in the goaf to automatically form roadways,avoiding roadway excavation and waste of coal pillar.Based on the basic principles of mining rock mechanics,the “equilibrium mining” theory and the “short cantilever beam” mechanical model are proposed.Key technologies,such as roof directional presplitting technology,negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) high-prestress constant-resistance support technology,and gangue blocking support technology,are developed following the “equilibrium mining” theory.Accordingly,the 110 and N00 mining methods of an automatically formed roadway (AFR) by roof cutting and pressure releasing without pillars are proposed.The mining methods have been applied to a large number of coal mines with different overburdens,coal seam thicknesses,roof types and gases in China,realizing the integrated mode of coal mining and roadway retaining.On this basis,in view of the complex geological conditions and intelligent mining demand of coal mines,an intelligent and unmanned development direction of the “equilibrium mining” method is prospected.
Seamless maps of major elements of the Moon: Results from high-resolution geostationary satellite

Major elements such as Fe, Ti, Mg, Al, Ca and Si play very important roles in understanding the origin and evolution of the Moon. Previous maps of these major elements derived from orbital data are based on mosaic images or low-resolution gamma-ray data. The hue variations and gaps among orbital boundaries in the mosaic images are not conducive to geological studies. This paper aims to produce seamless and homogenous distribution maps of major elements using the single-exposure image of the whole lunar disk obtained by China's high-resolution geostationary satellite, Gaofen-4, with a spatial resolution of ~ 500 m. The elemental contents of soil samples returned by Apollo and Luna missions are regarded as ground truth, and are correlated with the reflectance of the sampling sites extracted from Gaofen-4 data. The final distribution maps of these major oxides are generated with the statistical regression model. With these products, the average contents and proportions of the major elements for maria and highlands were estimated and compared. The results showed that SiO_2 and TiO_2 have the highest and lowest fractions in mare and highland areas, respectively. Moreover, the relative concentrations of these elements could serve as indicators of geologic processes, e.g., the obviously asymmetric distributions of Al_2O_3, CaO and SiO_2 around Tycho crater may suggest that Tycho crater was formed by an oblique impact from the southwest direction.
GPS Spoofing Attack Detection in Smart Grids Based on Improved CapsNet

This paper analyzes the influence of the global positionong system(GPS)spoofing attack(GSA)on phasor measurement units(PMU)measurements.We propose a detection method based on improved Capsule Neural Network(CapsNet)to handle this attack.In the improved CapsNet,the gated recurrent unit(GRU)is added to the front of the full connection layer of the CapsNet.The improved CapsNet trains and updates the network parameters according to the historical measurements of the smart grid.The detection method uses different structures to extract the temporal and spatial features of the measurements simultaneously,which can accurately distinguish the attacked data from the normal data,to improve the detection accuracy.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out on IEEE 14-,IEEE 118-bus systems.The experimental results show that compared with other detection methods,our method is proved to be more efficient.
RIS-Aided Constant-Envelope Beamforming for Multiuser Wireless Power Transfer:A Max-Min Approach

As a revolutionary hardware technology that can reconfigure the propagation environment,reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)have been regarded as a promising solution to enhance wireless networks.In this paper,we consider a multiuser multiple-input single-output(MISO)wireless power transfer(WPT)system,which is assisted by several RISs.In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce hardware cost,we consider that the energy transmitter(ET)in the WPT system is equipped with a constant-envelope analog beamformer,instead of a digital beamformer.Focusing on user fairness,we study a minimum received power maximization problem by jointly optimizing the ET beamforming and the RIS phase shifts,subject to the constant-envelope constraints.We iteratively solve this non-convex maxmin problem by leveraging both the successive convex approximation(SCA)method and the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show attractive performance gain brought by RISs.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Network with Grouping D2D

In this paper,a new communication model is built named grouping D2D(GD2D).Different from the traditional D2D coordination,we proposed GD2D communication in licensed and unlicensed spectrum simultaneously.We formulate a resource allocation problem,which aims at maximizing the energy efficiency(EE)of the system while guaranteeing the quality-of-service(Qos)of users.To efficiently solve this problem,the non-convex optimization problem is first transformed into a convex optimization problem.By transforming the fractional-form problem into an equivalent subtractive-form problem,an iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the system EE.Moreover,the optimal closedform power allocation expressions are derived by the Lagrangian approach.Simulation results show that our algorithm achieves higher EE performance than the traditional D2D communication scheme.
Inter-Carrier Interference-Aware Sparse Time-Varying Underwater Acoustic Channel Estimation Based on Fast Reconstruction Algorithm

In this paper,a fast orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)algorithm based on optimized iterative process is proposed for sparse time-varying underwater acoustic(UWA)channel estimation.The channel estimation consists of calculating amplitude,delay and Doppler scaling factor of each path using the received multi-path signal.This algorithm,called as OIP-FOMP,can reduce the computationally complexity of the traditional OMP algorithm and maintain accuracy in the presence of severe inter-carrier interference that exists in the time-varying UWA channels.In this algorithm,repeated inner product operations used in the OMP algorithm are removed by calculating the candidate path signature Hermitian inner product matrix in advance.Efficient QR decomposition is used to estimate the path amplitude,and the problem of reconstruction failure caused by inaccurate delay selection is avoided by optimizing the Hermitian inner product matrix.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the computational complexity of the OIP-FOMP algorithm is reduced by about 1/4 compared with the OMP algorithm,without any loss of accuracy.
Disintegration of uncertainties associated with real-time multi-satellite precipitation products in diverse topographic and climatic area in Pakistan

Satellite-based Precipitation Estimates (SPEs) have gained importance due to enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, particularly in Indus basin, where raingauge network has fewer observation stations and drainage area is laying in many countries. Formulation of SPEs is based on indirect mechanism, therefore, assessment and correction of associated uncertainties is required. In the present study, disintegration of uncertainties associated with four prominent real time SPEs, IMERG, TMPA, CMORPH and PERSIANN has been conducted at grid level, regional scale, and summarized in terms of regions as well as whole study area basis. The bias has been disintegrated into hit, missed, false biases, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) into systematic and random errors. A comparison among gauge- and satellite- based precipitation estimates at annual scale, showed promising result, encouraging use of real time SPEs in the study area. On grid basis, at daily scale, from box plots, the median values of total bias (-0.5 to 0.5 mm) of the used SPEs were also encouraging although some under/over estimations were noted in terms of hit bias (-0.15 to 0.05 mm/day). Relatively higher values of missed (0.3 to 0.5 mm/day) and false (0.5 to 0.7 mm/day) biases were observed. The detected average daily RMSE, systematic errors, and random errors were also comparatively higher. Regional-scale spatial distribution of uncertainties revealed lower values of uncertainties in plain areas, depicting the better performance of satellite-based products in these areas. However, in areas of high altitude (>4000 m), due to complex topography and climatic conditions (orographic precipitation and glaciated peaks) higher values of biases and errors were observed. Topographic barriers and point scale gauge data could also be a cause of poor performance of SPEs in these areas, where precipitation is more on ridges and less in valleys where gauge stations are usually located. Precipitation system’s size and intensity can also be a reason of higher biases, because Microwave Imager underestimate precipitation in small systems (<200 km~2) and overestimate in large systems (>2000 km~2). At present, use of bias correction techniques at daily time scale is compulsory to utilize real time SPEs in estimation of floods in the study area. Inter comparison of satellite products indicated that IMERG gave better results than the others with the lowest values of systematic errors, missed and false biases.
Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death~(FA)

Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean; its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner. Fg12 possessed ribonuclease (RNase) activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death.