mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High-resolution 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in Chinese Wrists: Correlation with Cross-sectional Anatomy

Background: The injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could demonstrate the detailed complex anatomy of TFCC in Chinese. Methods: Fourteen Chinese cadaveric wrists (from four men and three women; age range at death from 30 to 60 years; mean age at 46 years) and forty healthy Chinese wrists (from 20 healthy volunteers, male/female: 10/10; age range from 21 to 53 years with a mean age of 32 years) in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were included in this study. All cadavers and volunteers had magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the wrist with coronal T1-weighted and proton density-weighted imaging with fat suppression in three planes, respectively. MR arthrography (MRAr) was performed on one of the cadaveric wrists. Subsequently, all 14 cadaveric wrists were sliced into 2 mm thick slab with band saw (six in coronal plane, four in sagittal plane, and four in axial plane). The MRI features of normal TFCC were analyzed in these specimens and forty healthy wrists. Results: Triangular fibrocartilage, the ulnar collateral ligament, and the meniscal homolog could be best observed on images in coronal plane. The palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments were best evaluated in transverse plane. The ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligaments were best visualized in sagittal plane. The latter two structures and the volar and dorsal capsules were better demonstrated on MRAr. Conclusion: High-resolution 3T MRI is capable to show the detailed complex anatomy of the TFCC and can provide valuable information for the clinical diagnosis in Chinese.
全科全人照顾防控老年患者在病房和家庭中的风险

2013年我国60岁及以上人口占总人口的比例已达14.8%,进入快速老龄化阶段。老化与慢病导致的老年综合征,如跌倒、坠床,噎呛、误吸,失能,衰弱及多重用药、心理问题(抑郁,痴呆)、社会问题(独居,无社会支持,受虐),严重威胁了老人的生命健康及生活质量,是导致老年人失能和死亡的重要原因,而现代的医院和病房管理模式则忽略了老年人这一系列问题和潜在风险,导致医源性伤害。美国老年学会(AGS)提出“促进健康和维持功能是卫生保健机构的基本任务”。并将其视为第六大生命体征(疼痛为第五大生命体征)。我们要尽一切努力,采取各种措施,使老年人晚得病、少得病,病而不残、残而不废,最大限度维持或改善其功能状态和生活品质。要从整体性、连续性上进行管理,从全人、全程上去创新模式。现就老年人在病房和家庭中常见的3种风险及其防控策略进行概述。
右美托咪定长时间用药诱发停药综合征1例

本例患者连续静脉输注右美托咪定10d后,减药过程中及停药后即出现血压升高和躁动,恢复右美托咪定给药时症状消失,再次减药及停药又出现相似症状,符合停药综合征的表现。右美托咪定不良事件中包括停药后血压升高和躁动。右美托咪定停药综合征的机制可能为长时间用药使受体数量反馈性增加或受体对内源性配体的敏感度下降,减药及停用后致受体对内源性配体的反应性增大,交感神经兴奋性增强有关。
年终盘点:2016年《Cell》发表麻醉领域相关研究亮点精粹

自1846年10月16日Dr.Morton在美国麻省总医院成功公开演示乙醚麻醉以来,麻醉学科经历了飞速发展,正由“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”,麻醉医生也由过去的“技师”转变为围术期患者生命安全的“守护神”。要推动麻醉学科继续前进,除了持续提高临床麻醉管理水平外,进行相关领域的科学研究也是十分必要的。本文精选《Cell》2016年发表的与麻醉领域相关的基础研究文章6篇与同行分享。
Macro- and micromechanical evaluation of cyclic simple shear test by discrete element method

Direct simple shear tests are considered to be simple laboratory tests that are capable of imposing a cyclic loading that is analogous to that induced by earthquakes. A realistic evaluation of the test results demands a profound micromechanical investigation of specimens. Three-dimensional discrete element method models of a stacked-ring simple shear test were constructed, in which monotonic and cyclic loadings were applied under constant-volume conditions, and good agreement between the monotonic and cyclic macromechanical behaviors was noted. Micromechanical properties of specimens that were subjected to a cyclic loading are discussed in terms of lateral and intermediate principal stress development, fabric anisotropy, and principal stress rotation. The stress and strain states inside the specimen were investigated and it was shown that despite the uniform stress distribution inside the specimen, the volumetric strain distributes non-uniformly during loading and the non-uniformity grows with cycling, which leads to localized zones of dilative and contractive behavior.
Emission of organic carbon, elemental carbon and water-soluble ions from crop straw burning under flaming and smoldering conditions

Emissions from major agricultural residues were measured using a self-designed combustion system. Emission factors (EFs) of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble ions (WSIs) (K~+, NH_4~+, Na~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+), CI~-, NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-)) in smoke from wheat and rice straw were measured under flaming and smoldering conditions. The OC_1 /TC (total carbon) was highest (45.8% flaming, 57.7% smoldering) among carbon fractions. The mean EFs for OC (EF_(OC)) and EC (EF_(EC)) were 9.2 ± 3.9 and 2.2 ± 0.7g/kg for wheat straw and 6.4± 1.9 and 1.1 ± 0.3g/kg for rice straw under flaming conditions, while they were 40.8 ± 5.6 and 5.8 ± 1.0 g/kg and 37.6 ± 6.3 and 5.0 ± 1.4 g/kg under smoldering conditions, respectively. Higher EC ratios were observed in particulate matter (PM) mass under flaming conditions. The OC and EC for the two combustion patterns were significantly correlated (p<0.01,R=0.95 for wheat straw; p<0.01,R=0.97 for rice straw), and a higher positive correlation between OC3 and EC was observed under both combustion conditions. WSIs emitted from flaming smoke were dominated by Cl~- and K~+, which contributed 3.4% and 2.4% of the PM mass for rice straw and 2.2% and 1.0% for wheat straw, respectively. The EFs of Cl~- and K~+ were 0.73 ±0.16 and 0.51 ±0.14g/kg for wheat straw and 0.25 ±0.15 and 0.12 ± 0.05 g/kg for rice straw under flaming conditions, while they were 0.42 ± 0.28 and 0.12 ± 0.06 g/kg and 0.30 ± 0.27 and 0.05 ± 0.03 g/kg under smoldering conditions, respectively. Na~+, Mg~(2+), and NH_4~+ were vital components in PM, comprising from 0.8% (smoldering) to 3.1% (flaming) of the mass. Strong correlations of CI~- with K~+, NH_4~+, and Na~+ ions were observed in rice straw and the calculated diagnostic ratios of OC/EC, K~+/Na~+ and Cl~-/Na~+ could be useful to distinguishing crop straw burning from other sources of atmospheric pollution.
CFD study: Effect of pulsating flow on gas-solid hydrodynamics in FCC riser

Gas-solid flow in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser exhibits poor mixing in the form of a core-annulus flow pattern and a dense bottom/dilute top distribution of solids. To enhance gas-solid mixing, studies on dense fluidized beds have suggested using a pulsating flow of gas. The present study investigates the effect of pulsating flow on gas-solid hydrodynamics inside the FCC riser employing computational fluid dynamics. Two flow conditions are investigated: a cold flow of air-FCC catalyst in a pilot-scale riser and a reactive flow in an industrial-scale FCC riser. In the cold-flow riser, pulsating flows cause the slug flow of solids and thus increase the average solid accumulation in the flow domain and solid segregation towards the wall. In the industrial FCC riser, pulsating flows produce radial profiles that are more homogeneous. Pulsating flows further improve the conversion and yield in the initial few metres of height. At 7 m, the conversion from pulsating flow is 59%, compared with 44% in without pulsating flow. The results and analysis presented here will help optimize flow conditions in the circulating fluidized bed riser, in not only FCC but also applications such as fast pyrolysis and combustion.
Fluid Inclusion and Geochemistry Studies of Calcite Veins in Shizhu Synclinorium, Central China: Record of Origin of Fluids and Diagenetic Conditions

Calcite veins in carbonate fracture have been investigated by petrographic, fluid inclusion, geochemical analyses and coupled with basin modeling techniques to provide useful insights into fluid activity and deformation conditions of the Cambrian to Triassic Shizhu synclinorium from the western region of Mid-Yangtze, central China. The results of the fluid inclusion microthermometry show a wide range of homogenization temperatures (78.6–215.5 °C) and salinities (0.18–23.11 wt.% NaCl equivalent), indicating the formation under diverse fluid conditions. All the calcite veins have negative Ce anomalies, which are the typical characteristic of marine carbonate sediments; it is therefore plausible that calcite veins were precipitated from the marine basin fluid. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of calcites (δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-2.5‰–4.26‰) and host limestones (δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-3.56‰–5.80‰) are very similar with a correlation coefficient of 0.86, however, four calcites from the Lower Permian and Lower Triassic show lower δ~(13)C values relative to the host limestones, and they are depleted in total REE concentrations (ΣREE ratio varies from 0.74 to 2.06), suggesting the derivation of dissolved carbon from marine carbonates hosting the calcite veins and, less commonly, from the degradation of organic matter. Calculated δ~(18)O of the fluids-precipitating calcites (δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=-0.41‰–14.42‰), ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios varying in the range of coeval seawater and the distinct REE pattern simultaneously suggest calcite-forming fluids in each stratigraphic unit could have formed from the involvement of fluids that originated from coeval seawater and evolved through different degrees of water rock interaction. However, the presence of more radiogenic ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios than coeval seawater and pronounced positive Eu anomalies in calcites of Lower to Middle Ordovician rocks indicate that terrestrial input from upper strata mudstone and siliciclastic rocks could be involved in the precipitation of the Ordovician calcite. Fluid-inclusion data combined with burial and thermal history modeling indicate there was large-scale flow of evolved basinal fluids through the carbonate formation fractures spanning a time frame from 135 to 50 Ma (Early Cretaceous–Eocene). Therefore, the geochemical characteristics of calcite veins can provide the basis for deformation events in Late Yanshanian and Early Himalayan orogeny.
The Parkam Exploration District, Kerman, Iran: Geology, Alterations, and Delineation of Cu- and Mo-Mineralized Zones Using U-Spatial Statistic with Associated Software Development

The Parkam exploration district represents an area of approximately 4 km~2 located 50 km north of Shahr-E-Babak (Kerman Province, Iran), and has several traces of old copper mining and smelting activities. This area lies in the Kerman Copper Belt which is part of the larger Sahand- Bazman igneous and metallogenic zone hosting numerous known porphyry copper deposits and systems. The geology of the Parkam exploration district demonstrates that the area contains a diorite- type porphyry copper system hosted by volcanic and pyroclastic rocks of predominantly andesitic composition. Based on field and microscopic investigation, it was determined that the dominant types of alteration were propylitic, phyllic, argillic, and potassic, and the alteration map of the study area was produced. Expect for the propylitic alteration which was observed mainly in the host rocks, the other types of alteration are associated mainly with the dioritic subvolcanic body. Accompanied by subordinate amounts of primary sulfides, fracture-filling malachite is widespread in the potassic and phyllic zones and comprises the dominant style of mineralization at the surface of the porphyry system. Lithogeochemical data resulting from 377 samples were analyzed, and the results of background and anomaly separation by means of conventional and the U-spatial statistic method were compared. The Cu and Mo mineralizations were subsequently delineated using the U-spatial statistic. The delineated Cu mineralization is closely associated with the defined zone of potassic alteration, which is also consistent with the field and microscopic observation of the Cu mineralization in this alteration zone. The Mo mineralization delineated by the U-statistic method is mostly associated with the phyllic alteration and is spatially conformable with the zone defined for it. The source code for a software program, which was developed in the MATLAB programming language in order to perform the calculations of the U-spatial statistic method, is additionally provided. This software is compatible with geochemical variates other than Cu and Mo and can be used in similar exploration projects.
Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of the Early Carboniferous Gabbro and Diorite Plutons in West Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia

Early Carboniferous gabbros and diorites are distributed in West Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the gabbro and diorite samples are 321±2 Ma (MSWD=0.65) and 319.4±1.5 Ma (MSWD=0.42), respectively. In addition, new geochemistry data from three gabbro and three diorite samples are presented. All six samples show high Al_2O_3 contents but low-TiO_2 contents, belonging to tholeiitic and calc-alkali basalt series. All of the samples have similar chondrite normalized REE patterns characterized by moderate depletion in LREE similar to normal middle oceanic ridge basalt (MORB). The MORB and PM-normalized trace element patterns show the enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Rb, Ba and Sr), depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) and distinctly negative Nb and Ta anomalies similar to volcanic arc basalt. Furthermore, as shown in the correlation plots of La/Ba vs. La/Nb, Ba/La vs. Ce/Pb, Th/La vs. Ce/Pb, Nb/La vs. Ba/Rb, and Nb/Y vs. La/Yb, the magma source has underwent contamination and metasomatism from the subduction fluid. According to the Zr/Nb, La/Nb, and La/Ta ratios and the Nb/Y vs. Zr/Y and Sm/Yb vs. La/Sm diagrams, the magma was derived from shallow depleted lithospheric mantle and formed by moderate (5%~20%) partial melting of spinel lherzolites. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams reveal that the gabbros and diorites display both characteristics of MORB and volcanic arc basalt, which is consistent with their geochemical characteristics. On the basis of the geochemical features of these samples, combined with regional geological data and many previous researches in the study area, the Early Carboniferous gabbros and diorites of West Ujimqin are suggested to be formed in an intensely extensional rift setting, and a limited immature ocean basin probably formed after subsequent development.
Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronologyof Sinian–Cambrian Strata in the Eastern Guangxi Area, China

The Eastern Guangxi area locates in the southwestern part of the transition zone between Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, which is an important region because the boundary between two blocks probablycrosses there. We determined LA-ICPMS U-Pb ages for detrital zircons extracted from three sandstone samples in the Sinian-Cambrian strata in this region. The resulting ages are in the range of the Archeozoic and Neoproterozoic, with three notable concentrates at 991 Ma, 974 Ma, and 964 Ma, all of which are coeval to the Grenvillian magmatic activity. The new age distribution is similar to the data reported in the Precambrian strata of the adjacent southwestern Cathaysia Block, suggesting that most of our detrital zircons are likely derived from the Cathaysia Block. Combined with others' research, we are more inclined to accept the opinion that there was not an ocean basin between the two blocks during the Sinian-Cambrian period in Eastern Guangxi area if the timing of collision is the Early Neoproterzoic. But if the timing of collision is the Early Paleozoic, we conclude that Luzhai uplift (i.e., the uplift between Guilin-Yongfu faultand Lipu fault) beyond the west of Dayaoshan regoin might be one part of southwestern sedimentation boundary of Cathaysia Block and Yangtze Block. We also get a few of detrital zircons with ages of ~590 Ma which probably sourced from northeastern Gondwana and 13 detrital zircons with over 3 000 Ma U-Pb ages which record the early formation of the earth.
The basic characteristics and spatial patterns of global cultivated land change since the 1980s

In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of cultivated land change between 1982 and 2011 using global vector-based land use/land cover data. (1) Our analysis showed that the total global cultivated land area increased by 528.768×10~4 km~2 with a rate of 7.920×10~4 km~2/a, although this increasing trend was not significant. The global cultivated land increased fastest in the 1980s. Since the 1980s, the cultivated land area in North America, South America and Oceania increased by 170.854×10~4 km~2, 107.890×10~4 km~2, and 186.492×10~4 km~2, respectively. In contrast, that in Asia, Europe and Africa decreased by 23.769×10~4 km~2, 4.035×10~4 km~2 and 86.76×10~4 km~2, respectively. Furthermore, the cultivated land area in North America, South America and Oceania exhibited significant increasing trends of 7.236×10~4 km~2/a, 2.780×10~4 km~2/a and 3.758×10~4 km~2/a, respectively. On the other hand, that of Asia, Europe and Africa exhibited decreasing trend rates of -5.641 ×10~4 km~2/a, -0.831×10~4 km~2/a and -0.595×10~4 km~2/a, respectively. Moreover, the decreasing trend in Asia was significant. (2) Since the 1980s, the increase in global cultivated lands was mainly due to converted grasslands and woodlands, which accounted for 53.536% and 26.148% of the total increase, respectively. The increase was found in southern and central Africa, eastern and northern Australia, southeastern South America, central US and Alaska, central Canada, western Russia, northern Finland and northern Mongolia. Among them, Botswana in southern Africa experienced an 80%-90% increase, making it the country with the highest increase worldwide. (3) Since the 1980s,the total area of cultivated lands converted to other types of land was 1071.946×10~4 km~2. The reduction was mainly converted to grasslands and woodlands, which accounted for 57.482% and 36.000%, respectively. The reduction occurred mainly in southern Sudan in central Africa, southern and central US, southern Russia, and southern European countries including Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Hungary. The greatest reduction occurred in southern Africa with a 60% reduction. (4) The cultivated lands in all the continents analyzed exhibited a trend of expansion to high latitudes. Additionally, most countries displayed an expansion of newly increased cultivated lands and the reduction of the original cultivated lands.
经皮椎间孔后外侧入路内窥镜下减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的进展

脊柱微创技术、理论体系的发展与显微镜、内窥镜等硬件设备的研发和完善密不可分,其中经皮椎间孔后外侧入路内窥镜技术作为脊柱内窥镜系统的一项开拓性成果,在脊柱微创手术领域得到广泛关注及开展。该技术在早期主要应用于突出髓核的摘除~[1、2],随着相关设备及技术的不断改进,逐渐拓展到对腰椎管狭窄症的减压,称为经皮椎间孔入路内窥镜下减压术(percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression,PTED)。现就其治疗腰椎管狭窄症的历史、现状以及对未来应用的展望综述如下。
Power loss reduction of distribution systems using BFO based optimal reconfiguration along with DG and shunt capacitor placement simultaneously in fuzzy framework

In distribution systems, network reconfiguration and capacitor placement are commonly used to diminish power losses and keep voltage profiles within acceptable limits. Moreover, the problem of DG allocation and sizing is great important. In this work, a combination of a fuzzy multi-objective approach and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) as a meta-heuristic algorithm is used to solve the simultaneous reconfiguration and optimal sizing of DGs and shunt capacitors in a distribution system. Each objective is transferred into fuzzy domain using its membership function. Then, the overall fuzzy satisfaction function is formed and considered a fitness function inasmuch as the value of this function has to be maximized to gain the optimal solution. The numerical results show that the presented algorithm improves the performance much more than other meta-heuristic algorithms. Simulation results found that simultaneous reconfiguration with DG and shunt capacitors allocation (case 5) has 77.41%, 42.15%, and 56.14% improvements in power loss reduction, load balancing, and voltage profile indices, respectively in 33-bus test system. This result found 87.27%,35.82%, and 54.34% improvements of mentioned indices respectively for 69-bus system.
Soft measurement model of ring's dimensions for vertical hot ring rolling process using neural networks optimized by genetic algorithm

Vertical hot ring rolling (VHRR) process has the characteristics of nonlinearity, time-variation and being susceptible to disturbance. Furthermore, the ring's growth is quite fast within a short time, and the rolled ring's position is asymmetrical. All of these cause that the ring's dimensions cannot be measured directly. Through analyzing the relationships among the dimensions of ring blanks, the positions of rolls and the ring's inner and outer diameter, the soft measurement model of ring's dimensions is established based on the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). A mass of data samples are obtained from VHRR finite element (FE) simulations to train and test the soft measurement NN model, and the model's structure parameters are deduced and optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the soft measurement system of ring's dimensions is established and validated by the VHRR experiments. The ring's dimensions were measured artificially and calculated by the soft measurement NN model. The results show that the calculation values of GA-RBFNN model are close to the artificial measurement data. In addition, the calculation accuracy of GA-RBFNN model is higher than that of RBFNN model. The research results suggest that the soft measurement NN model has high precision and flexibility. The research can provide practical methods and theoretical guidance for the accurate measurement of VHRR process.
Galvanic corrosion behavior of plain carbon steel-B_4C composite in 3.5% NaCl solution with electrochemical noise

The galvanic corrosion behavior of metal-matrix composite plain carbon steel/boron carbide (B_4C) in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied. The composite was locally produced as a weld band on carbon steel by means of the gas tungsten arc welding process and using nickel as the wetting agent. Samples from the weld band, heat-affected zone and parent metal region were extracted precisely and DC/AC electrochemical tests in combination with techniques such as scanning electron microcopy and energy dispersive spectrometry were conducted. The results of the electrochemical tests show that the corrosion resistance of the parent metal sample is higher than that of the welded composite and the HAZ samples. However, as the corrosion potential (E_(Corr)) of the parent metal is more positive than other two samples, this becomes the cathode in galvanic couples with two other samples. On the other hand, the weld composite sample is also cathodic due to its more positive E_(Corr) compared to HAZ sample. This means that the HAZ can be particularly at risk of preferential dissolution. The approach can be used in specific areas on plain carbon steel to locally increase hardness and resistance to abrasion and reduce manufacturing costs.
A fully on-chip fast-transient NMOS low dropout voltage regulator with quasi floating gate pass element

This paper presents a fully on-chip NMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) for portable applications with quasi floating gate pass element and fast transient response. The quasi floating gate structure makes the gate of the NMOS transistor only periodically charged or refreshed by the charge pump, which allows the charge pump to be a small economical circuit with small silicon area. In addition, a variable reference circuit is introduced enlarging the dynamic range of error amplifier during load transient. The proposed LDO has been implemented in a 0.35 μm BCD process. From experimental results, the regulator can operate with a minimum dropout voltage of 250 mV at a maximum 1 A load and I_Q of 395 μA. Under full-range load current step, the voltage undershoot and overshoot of the proposed LDO are reduced to 50 and 26 mV, respectively.