mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
In/ex-situ Raman spectra combined with EIS for observing interface reactions between Ni-rich layered oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte

The interfacial instability between Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes is a serious problem, leading to poor electrochemical properties of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB). The chemical/electrochemical side reactions are considered to be the origin of the interfacial deterioration. However, the influence of chemical and electrochemical side reactions on the interfacial deterioration is rarely studied specifically. In this work, the deterioration mechanism of the interface between LiNi_(0.85-x)Co_(0.15)Al_xO_2 and Li_(10)GeP_2S_(12) is investigated in detail by combining in/ex-situ Raman spectra and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). It can be determined that chemical side reaction between LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2 and Li_(10)GeP_2S_(12) will occur immediately once contacted, and the interfacial deterioration becomes more serious after charge-discharge process under the dual effects of chemical and electrochemical side reactions. Moreover, our research reveals that the interfacial stability and the cycle performance of ASSLB can be greatly enhanced by increasing Al-substitution for Ni in LiNi_(0.85-x)Co_(0.15)Al_xO_2. In particular, the capacity retention of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.25)O_2 cathode after 200 cycles can reach 81.9%, much higher than that of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2 cathode (12.5%@200 cycles). This work gives an insight to study the interfacial issues between Ni-rich layered oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte for ASSLBs.
High crystallinity and photovoltaic performance of CsPbI_3 film enabled by secondary dimension

The photovoltaic performance of perovskite sloar cells (PSCs) is strongly dependent on the crystallinity, morphorlogy and defects of perovskite films. In the present work, a novel strategy was developed to fabricate the high quality CsPbI_3 inorganic perovskite by tuning the growth dynamics of CsPbI_3 by pretreatment of fresh CsPbI_3 films with phenylethylamine iodide (PEAI). The PEAI can mediate the phase transformation from 1D (DMAPbI3) (DMA: dimethylammonium) to 3D CsPbI_3 all-inorganic perovskite films via the PEA_2CsPb_2I_7 of 2D perovskite intermediate phase, resulting in highly crystalline CsPbI_3 perovskite films with remarkably enlarged grains and reduced defects. The as-achieved highly crystalline CsPbI_3 inorganic perovskite not only exhibited improved phase stability but also significant reduced defects. The perovskite solar cells based on these CsPbI_3 thin films exhibited a champion efficiency of 17.08%, much higher than those prepared through posttreatment or direct addition of PEAI into CsPbI_3 precursor solution. This work not only developed an effective strategy to prepare high crystalline CsPbI_3 film and highly efficient CsPbI_3-based all-inorganic PSCs, but also unraveled the mediation mechanism of CsPbI_3 by pre-treatment of PEAI, shedding light for further development of high perfomance perovskite-based optoelectronics.
Electrophoretically deposited binder-free 3-D carbon/sulfur nanocomposite cathode for high-performance Li–S batteries

In the present study, the electrophoretic deposition method was successfully applied as a binder-free and scalable approach to deposit carbonaceous nanomaterials on carbon fiber paper (CFP) for cathode applications in Li–S batteries. The microstructural studies of the EPD-CNT film using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of a crack-free and porous layer of CNTs being uniformly distributed on the CFP surface. The EPD:CFP/CNT/S cathode delivered a capacity around 2.2 times higher than that obtained in the absence of the EPD-CNT film (CFP/S cell) after 50 cycles and a capacity of 935 mAh g~(–1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. The EPD method was then employed to fabricate layer-by-layer structures where the EPD-CNT film was decorated with carbon black particles. The initial capacity as well as the reversible capacity after 100 cycles was further increased by the EPD:CFP/CNT/KB/S layer-by-layer structure to 1473 and 1033 mAh g~(–1), respectively, indicating effective suppression of the shuttle effect. In addition, the rate performance of CFP/S was improved by depositing the EPD-CNT and EPD-CNT/carbon black architectures on CFP surface, and even further enhanced through the co-deposition of CNT and Pt nanoparticles by EPD, delivering a specific capacity of around 730 mAh g~(–1) at 1 C. Finally, the cathodes fabricated by EPD were observed to outperform those made by the conventional casting method in terms of cycling performance, internal resistance, and polarization. This difference was ascribed to the non-uniform microstructure of the Cast-CNT film, which resulted in poor interfacial connection between the CNT agglomerates, hindering uniform sulfide/sulfur deposition during cycling. The obtained results suggested that the binder-free C/S nanocomposite cathode made by EPD is key to further enhance the specific capacity and energy density of Li–S batteries.
Large-scale production of holey graphite as high-rate anode for lithium ion batteries

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable and smart devices because of their high energy densities, long cycle life and environmental friendliness. In order to meet the evergrowing demand for human-beings utilizing electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage grids, it requires LIBs with much higher power and energy densities. As a core of LIBs, the electrode (including cathode and anode) materials largely determine the development of LIBs. Over the past decades, a large number of anode candidates have been developed to replace graphite, the most commonly used commercial anode, with the limited theoretical capacity (372 mAh g~(–1)) and poor rate capability. Among the candidates, graphene and its analogues (e.g., graphene derivatives and their related composites) have attracted great attention owing to their overwhelming physical properties of large surface areas, high electrical conductivities, excellent mechanical flexibilities, as well as chemical stabilities. Despite the high theoretical capacity and promising electrochemical performances reported, the charge/mass-transfer capability of graphene based materials as anodes for LIBs remains challenges. One of the great challenges is the strong van der Waals interactions between graphene nanosheets leading to the easy restack and agglomeration during the electrode preparation and discharge-charge process.
Ultrahigh electrical conductivities and low lattice thermal conductivities of La, Dy, and Nb Co-doped SrTiO_3 thermoelectric materials with complex structures

Microstructural modifications and appropriate element doping are necessary to simultaneously enhance the electrical conductivities and reduce the lattice thermal conductivities of thermoelectric materials.Herein, we propose a strategy of multielement doping combined with a burial sintering process to promote thermoelectric properties.Three-element doped Sr_(0.9)La_(0.05)Dy_(0.05)Ti_(1-x)Nb_xO_3(x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20)powders were synthesized by high-energy ball milling, and corresponding bulk samples were prepared by carbon burial sintering.In the bulk samples, we obtained the desired microstructures composed of shell-vesicular architectures with dense dislocations and second phase particles.These materials had ultrahigh electrical conductivities(~5300 S cm~(-1) at 300 K), low lattice thermal conductivities(~1.6 Wm~(-1) K~(-1) from 700 to 1100 K when x = 0.2)and low total thermal conductivities(minimum value of 2.95Wm~(-1) K~(-1) when x = 0.05 at 1100 K).The maximum zT values were 0.28 when x = 0.05 and 0.27 when x = 0.2 at 1100 K.This strategy provides a possible direction for improving the thermoelectric properties of SrTiO_3 based materials.
Characterization of lattice parameters gradient of Cu(In_(1-x)Ga_x)Se_2 absorbing layer in thin-film solar cell by glancing incidence X-ray diffraction technique

In or Ga gradients in the Cu(In_(1-x)Ga_x)Se_2(CIGS)absorbing layer lead to change the lattice parameters of the absorbing layer, giving rise to the bandgap grading in the absorbing layer which is directly associated with the degree of absorbing ability of the CIGS solar cell.We tried to characterize the depth profile of the lattice parameters of the CIGS absorbing layer using a glancing incidence X-ray diffraction(GIXRD)technique, and then investigate the bandgap grading of the CIGS absorbing layer.When the glancing incident angle increased from 0.50 to 5.00°, the a and c lattice parameters of the CIGS absorbing layer gradually decreased from 5.7776(3)to 5.6905(2)A, and 11.3917(3)to 11.2114(2)A, respectively.The depth profile of the lattice parameters as a function of the incident angle was consistent with vertical variation in the compositionof In or Ga with depth in the absorbing layer.The variation of the lattice parameters was due to the difference between the ionic radius of In and Ga co-occupying at the same crystallographic site.According to the results of the depth profile of the refined parameters using GIXRD data, the bandgap of the CIGS absorber layer was graded over a range of 1.222-1.532 eV.This approach allows to determine the In or Ga gradients in the CIGS absorbing layer, and to nondestructively guess the bandgap depth profile through the refinement of the lattice parameters using GIXRD data on the assumption that the changes of the lattice parameters or unit-cell volume follow a good approximation to Vegard's law.
Data-driven optimal cooperative adaptive cruise control of heterogeneous vehicle platoons with unknown dynamics

This paper considers the cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)problem of heterogeneous vehicle platoons and proposes a data-driven optimal CACC approach for the heterogeneous platoon with unknown dynamics.To cope with the unknown dynamics of the vehicle CACC platoon system,the adaptive dynamic programming is used to design an online iteration policy for optimal CACC of the platoon.Using the predecessor-following topology,the CACC controllers are computed by employing the desired spacing errors,relative velocities,and accelerations of the vehicles.The stability of the closed-loop CACC system and the iteration algorithm are presented.Furthermore,the string stability of the platoon with the CACC system is established in terms of the acceleration transfer function between adjacent vehicles in frequent domain.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in two complex scenarios of varying speed cruise.
Aging effect of non-evaporable getter coatings

Introduction The pumping performance of getter materials has becoming one of the hotspots in accelerator field.The recovery of pumping performance after air venting, also called aging effect, is important for applications in accelerators.Materials and methods In this work, we investigated the aging effect of Ti-V-Zr-Hf-and Ti-V-Zr-coated copper tubular chambers, and the effect of initial air exposure time on the aging properties.The samples presented hierarchically micro/ nano-structures and showed a featured aging curve, giving about 9 effective pumping cycles.Conclusion The pumping performance is inversely correlated with air exposure time suggesting that the getter coated chambers should be properly preserved before applied as a “pump”.
Trees of Panama: A complete checklist with every geographic range

Background: Central America is one of the most diverse floristic provinces in the world, but comprehensive plant lists for the region are incomplete and need frequent updating. Full geographic ranges of individual species are seldom known. Our detailed forest inventory plots of Panama thus lack a global geographic perspective. In order to provide one, we assembled a thoroughly vetted checklist of all tree species of Panama, along with an estimate of each one's range size based on published specimen records. Results: 1) Panama has 3043 tree species in 141 families and 752 genera; 57.6 %were ≥ 10 m tall and 16.9 %were 3-5 m tall. 2) The widest ranges were > 1.5 × 10~7 km~2, covering the entire neotropics and reaching > 30° latitude; 12.4 %of the species had ranges exceeding 107 km~2. The median range was 6.9 × 10~5 km~2.3) At the other extreme, 16.2 %of the species had a range < 20, 000 km~2, a criterion suggesting endangered status. 4) Range size increased with a tree species' height and varied significantly among families. 5) Tree census plots, where we mapped and measured all individuals, captured 27.5 %of the tree species, but a biased selection relative to range size; only 4.5 %of the species in plots had ranges < 20, 000 km~2. Conclusions: Our checklist of the trees of Panama, based on rigorous criteria aimed at matching plot censuses, is 20 %larger than previous. By recording species' maximum heights, we allow comparisons with other regions based on matching definitions, and the range sizes provide a quantitative basis for assessing extinction risk. Our next goal is to merge population density from plot censuses to add rigor to predictions of extinction risk of poorly-studied tropical tree species.
Applicability Assessment of the 1998–2018 CLDAS Multi-Source Precipitation Fusion Dataset over China

Traditional hourly rain gauges and automatic weather stations rarely measure solid precipitation,except for those stations with weighing-type precipitation sensors.Microwave remote sensing has only a low ability to retrieve solid precipitation.In addition,there are no long-term,high-quality precipitation data in China that can be used to drive land surface models.To address these issues,in the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS),we blended the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) precipitation datasets with observed temperature and precipitation data on various temporal scales using multigrid variational analysis and temporal downscaling to produce a multi-source precipitation fusion dataset for China (CLDAS-Prcp).This dataset covers all of China at a resolution of 6.25 km at hourly intervals from 1998 to 2018.We performed dependent and independent evaluations of the CLDAS-Prcp dataset from the perspectives of seasonal total precipitation and land surface model simulation.Our results show that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset represents reasonably the spatial distribution of precipitation in China.The dependent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp performs better than the MERRA2 precipitation,CMORPH precipitation,Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (GLDAS-V2.1) precipitation,and CLDAS-V2.0 winter precipitation,as compared to the meteorological observational precipitation.The independent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset performs better than the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) precipitation dataset and is similar to the CLDAS-V2.0 summer precipitation dataset based on the hydrological observational precipitation.The simulated soil moisture content driven by CLDAS-Prcp is slightly better than that driven by the CLDAS-V2.0 precipitation,whereas the snow depth simulation driven by CLDAS-Prcp is much better than that driven by the CLDAS-V2.0 precipitation.This is because the CLDAS-Prcp data have included solid precipitation.Overall,the CLDAS-Prcp dataset can meet the needs of land surface and hydrological modeling studies.
Parameter Sensitivities of the Community Land Model at Two Alpine Sites in the Three-River Source Region

The three-river source region plays an important role on China's ecological security and Asia's water supply.Historically,the region has experienced severe ecological degradation due to climate change and human activities.Reasonable simulations of the energy and water cycles are essential to predict the responses of land surface processes to future climate change.Current land surface models involve empirical functions that are associated with many parameters.These parameter uncertainties will largely affect the simulation when applied to a new domain.The Community Land Model (CLM) is a widely used land surface model,and version 5.0 is the newest version.Compared to the prior version CLM4.5,CLM5.0 has largely updated plant hydraulic and stomatal conductance schemes.How these changes affect parameter sensitivities is unknown.In our work,we tested 17 key parameters in CLM4.5 and 19 parameters in CLM5.0 at two eddy flux sites in the three-river source region:the Maqu and Maduo sites.We adopted the simplest one-at-a-time changes on each parameter and quantified their sensitivities by the parameter effect (PE).We found that the Maqu site was more sensitive to vegetation parameters,while the Maduo site was more sensitive to the initial soil water content in both CLM4.5 and CLM5.0.This is because Maduo grid cell has wetland that does not respond to vegetation parameters in CLM,which may not reflect the reality.Further model development on wetland vegetation parameterization is important.Our validation on the default simulation showed CLM5.0 did not always improve the simulations.The largest difference between CLM5.0 and CLM4.5 was that soil moisture (SM) showed a much stronger decrease in response to a higher leaf area index (LAI) in CLM5.0 than in CLM4.5,suggesting that SM is more sensitive to vegetation changes in CLM5.0.
Sub-gap defect density characterization of molybdenum oxide:An annealing study for solar cell applications

The application of molybdenum oxide in the photovoltaic field is gaining traction as this material can be deployed in doping-free heterojunction solar cells in the role of hole selective contact.For modeling-based optimization of such contact,knowledge of the molybdenum oxide defect density of states (DOS) is crucial.In this paper,we report a method to extract the defect density through nondestructive optical measures,including the contribution given by small polaron optical transitions.The presence of defects related to oxygen-vacancy and of polaron is supported by the results of our opto-electrical characterizations along with the evaluation of previous observations.As part of the study,molybdenum oxide samples have been evaluated after post-deposition thermal treatments.Quantitative results are in agreement with the result of density functional theory showing the presence of a defect band fixed at 1.1 eV below the conduction band edge of the oxide.Moreover,the distribution of defects is affected by post-deposition treatment.
Accelerated oxygen reduction on Fe/N/C catalysts derived from precisely-designed ZIF precursors

Fe/N/C material is the most competitive alternative to precious-metal catalysts for oxygen reduction. In view of the present consensus on active centers, further effort is directed at maximizing the density of single Fe atoms. Here, the imperfections in commonly used doping strategy of Fe for the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolateframework (ZIF)-derived Fe/N/C catalysts are revealed. More importantly, a strikingly improved catalyst is obtained by a ‘second pyrolysis’ method and delivers a half-wave potential of 0.825 V (vs. RHE) in acidic media. The strong confinement effect of carbonaceous host accounts for the formation of dense single-atom sites and thus the high activity. Our findings will potentially facilitate future improvement of M/N/C catalysts.
Temperature-sensitive polymeric nanogels encapsulating with β-cyclodextrin and ICG complex for high-resolution deep-tissue ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging

One of the thorny problems currently impeding the applications of the fluorescence imaging technique is the poor spatial resolution in deep tissue. Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging is a novel imaging tool that has recently been explored to possibly surmount the above-mentioned bottleneck. Herein, a β-cyclodextrin/indocyanine green (ICG) complex-encapsulated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogel was synthesized and studied for ex vivo /in vivo deep tissue/high-resolution near infrared USF (NIR-USF) imaging. To be specific, our results revealed that the average diameter of the as-prepared nanogels was significantly decreased to ~ 32 nm from ~ 335 nm compared to the reported ICG-PNIPAM nanoparticles. Additionally, the excitation/ emission characteristics of the ICG itself in present nanogels were almost completely retained, and the resultant nanogel exhibited high physiological stability and positive biocompatibility. In particular, the signal-to-noise ratio of the USF image for the PNIPAM/ β-cyclodextrin/ICG nanogel (33.01 ± 2.42 dB) was prominently higher than that of the ICG-PNIPAM nanoparticles (18.73 ± 0.33 dB) in 1.5-cm-thick chicken breast tissues. The NIR-USF imaging in 3.5-cm-thick chicken breast tissues was achieved using this new probe. The ex vivo NIR-USF imaging of the mouse liver was also successfully obtained. Animal experiments showed that the present nanogels were able to be effectively accumulated into U87 tumor-bearing mice via enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the high-resolution NIR-USF imaging of in vivo tumor was efficiently acquired. The metabolism and in vivo biodistribution of the nanogels were evaluated. Overall, the results suggest that the current nanogel is a highly promising NIR-USF probe for deep tissue and high-resolution USF imaging.