mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Alkaline phosphatase predicts relapse in chronic hepatitis C patients with end-of-treatment response

AIM:To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment.METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated a spectrum of predictors of relapse after PegIFN-α and ribavirin treatment in 86 CHC patients with ETR. Viral loads were determined with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus genotyping was performed by sequencing analysis. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 1000 mg/d for those under 75 kg or 1200 mg/d for those over 75 kg. Patients with genotypes 2 and 3 were treated for 24 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 800 mg/d. RESULTS: In all ETR patients, binary logistic regression analysis identified absence of complete early virological response (cEVR) (OR 27.07, 95% CI: 3.09-237.26, P <0.005), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels prior to therapy < 75 U/L (OR: 6.16, 95% CI: 2.1-18.03, P < 0.001) and body mass index > 26 kg/m2 (OR: 8.27,95% CI: 2.22-30.84, P < 0.005) as independent predictors of relapse. When cEVR patients were analyzed exclusively, ALP prior to therapy < 75 U/L remained the only predictor of relapse. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of ALP prior to, during and after therapy seem to be associated with a higher risk of relapse in CHC patients with ETR.
男性腹膜后及睾丸双原发苗勒瘤1例

患者,性,43 岁.主因左侧阴囊坠胀不适伴有胀痛及腰痛半年于2009 年10 月入院.CT 示腹膜后巨大囊性占位.B 超示左睾丸顶部囊性占位.行腹膜后肿物切除术及左侧睾丸切除术.术后病理:膜后送检为破碎囊壁样组织数块,8cm×6cm×5cm ,壁内面粗糙,有乳头状突起,内为黄绿色黏稠液体.镜下:瘤囊壁为纤维及平滑肌组织,衬单层或复层不同分化程度的良性、交界性和恶性柱状、立方状腺上皮.
全反式维甲酸增强顺铂对A549细胞化疗敏感性及对Survivin mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA表达的影响

目的:体外观察全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid , ATRA)增强顺铂(cisplatin , DDP)对人类非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549 细胞的增殖抑制及对凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin mRNA 和环氧化酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2 , COX-2) mRNA 表达的影响.方法:应用不同浓度组DDP (0.5 、5 、50mg/L)、ATRA (0.1 、1 、10 μ mol/L)以及联合用药组(ATRA 1 μ mol/L , DDP 5mg/L),处理肺腺癌细胞株A549 细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法观察不同浓度DDP 组、不同浓度ATRA 组及联合用药组对A549 细胞生长的影响;应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction , RT-PCR)检测DDP 组、ATRA 组及联合用药组处理前后A549 细胞中Survivin mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA 表达变化;应用流式细胞术观察DDP 组、ATRA 组及联合用药组处理前后细胞凋亡率.结果:与空白对照组相比,单独应用DDP 、ATRA 处理A549 细胞均诱导细胞凋亡,且呈浓度依赖性.与单独应用DDP 的作用相比,联合用药组可更显著抑制A549 的增殖,增加细胞的凋亡率(P<0.05),并增强对A549 细胞Survivin mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA 表达的抑制作用(P<0.05);并且,流式细胞术测定结果显示联合用药组的早期凋亡率(7.37±3.83) %、中晚期凋亡率(34.37± 2.08) %、继发性坏死率(7.44±0.46) %均较单独应用DDP 组高(3.55±0.75) %、(6.62±0.33) %、(3.03±0.05) %, P 均<0.05 .结论:全反式维甲酸能够明显提高非小细胞肺癌对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞Survivin mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA 的表达有关.
肝细胞癌切除术标准及其临床意义

目的:阐述肝细胞癌(肝癌)切除术标准,为把握手术指征、指导治疗、提高疗效提供依据.方法:使用CNKI 、NCBI 生物信息学数据库,以"肝切除/liver resection 、肝癌/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)"为关键词,检索已发表的文章,排除重复研究和与本研究无关文献后精选纳入分析.总结肝切除标准分类,陈述其关键因素和争议焦点,比较不同标准肝切除患者预后,讨论预后差异的可能原因.结果: HCC 切除术标准的主流分法为二分法,即根治性和姑息性切除,其关键因素包括外科、肿瘤及随访因素,肝切缘大小是否影响根治效果曾是外科因素中争论热点.近年,随着肿瘤分子生物学技术的进步,学者们对HCC 切除术标准的分法有所改变,在三分法(病理根治、临床根治和姑息切除)基础上提出HCC 切除术五分法,将病理根治划分为绝对根治(无潜在转移)和相对根治(有潜在转移),临床根治划分为有反应切除(短期内相关指标下降,如甲胎蛋白)、无反应切除(指标持续异常)和姑息性切除.根治性切除患者预后好于姑息性切除.研究显示,肝切除促进肿瘤侵袭转移潜能可能与HCC 早期播散有关,也可能与术后残余HCC 生物学特性改变相关,目前缺乏有效的干预措施.结论:根治性肝切除是目前公认的治疗HCC 患者最有效的方法之一;确定HCC 切除术标准有利于总结、分析临床资料,也有利于评估患者预后,对选择有效的治疗策略具有重要的临床意义.
银杏内酯B人工抗原及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:制备银杏内酯B的人工抗原与多克隆抗体.方法:以碳化二胺法合成银杏内酯B的人工抗原后,分别以完全弗氏佐剂与不完全弗氏佐剂免疫♀BALB/C小鼠.其共免疫4次.结果:制备成功抗银杏内酯B多克隆抗体.结论:该多克隆抗体,效价达到25 600,竞争抑制率达78%,是一个效价高,特异性高的理想抗体.
标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂治疗195例儿童哮喘安全性的初步评价

目的 评价标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂治疗儿童哮喘的安全性.方法 195例轻、中度过敏性哮喘患儿,男性122例,女性73例,年龄(7.7±s 2.8)岁.采用常规免疫注射疗法,给予皮下注射标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂治疗,疗程1～3年.观察治疗过程中不良反应的表现和处理情况,以及可能与全身不良反应相关的危险因素.结果 195例病人共完成6 004次注射.其中全身不良反应人均发生率为26.7%(52/195),每注射发生率为2.55%(153/6 004);局部不良反应人均发生率为89.7%(175/195),每注射发生率为29.20%(1 753/6 004).剂量递增阶段全身不良反应每注射发生率为0.53%(18/3 374),明显低于维持阶段(5.13%,135/2 630,P<0.01).所有不良反应均较轻微,经对症处理缓解.Logistic回归分析全身不良反应的相关危险因素提示,维持治疗阶段与全身不良反应发生相关(P<0.05).结论 标准化屋尘螨变应原制剂用于治疗儿童哮喘全身不良反应发生率相对较低,安全性较高,维持阶段是免疫治疗的一个独立危险因素.
正态总体均数差异之间差异的研究

在平时应用中,我们并不满足于检验正态总体均数的差异,常常还需要知道这些差异之间的差异是否有统计学意义,进而判断差异的大小.本文将就两种不同的情况,给出检验两对正态总体均数之间差异之间差异的一致最优势无偏检验.
张北县农村住院病人疾病谱现况研究

目的 分析河北省张北县2008年度农村住院患者的疾病谱现状.方法 从新型农村合作医疗管理中心调取2008年度全部的农村住院病案资料,剔除因慢病、肿瘤等反复住院的病案信息后,应用ICD-10进行系统疾病分类,然后分为五个年龄组对数据进行统计分析.结果 农村住院患者前5位系统疾病分别为:呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿生殖系统疾病和肿瘤,但随着年龄的变化系统疾病的构成变化很大;单病种统计肺炎/肺感染居首位,肺气肿/慢支/慢阻肺次之,脑梗/脑出血/脑溢血排位第三;传染病和寄生虫病并未退出疾病谱的前十位,位居第七;肺部恶性肿瘤居恶性肿瘤榜首,占全部恶性肿瘤的26.53%.结论 呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿生殖、肿瘤五类系统疾病是影响农民健康的主要系统疾病,是卫生资源投入的重点,而肺炎/肺感染、肺气肿/慢支/慢阻肺是重中之重;不同年龄组人群的疾病构成不同,必须随着人口谱的变迁实时调整卫生资源的投向与疾病控制策略;当前必须加大结核、布氏杆菌病与水痘/带状疱疹的控制力度.
泊松分布参数的最短置信区间

目的 根据抽样结果估计泊松分布参数λ的最短置信区间.方法 证明了参数λ最短置信区间的存在和唯一性,利用搜索法用Matlab编程求得最短置信区间,将最短置信区间的长度与用一般的方法求得的置信区间的长度进行了比较.结果 对置信度0.90、0.95、0.99和样本总计数1～50给出了最短置信区间表,可作为统计用表使用.结论 最短置信区间估计精度比用一般的方法的精度有显著提高,用最短置信区间作为参数λ的区间估计更精确.
肺吸虫特异性IgG4快速检测方法的建立与应用

目的 创建简易、快速、准确的肺吸虫病免疫诊断方法.方法 用卫氏并殖吸虫成虫粗提液为抗原,以胶体金标记抗人IgG4单抗为检测探针,采用自行设计的垂直流渗滤装置,创建快速检测人血清肺吸虫特异性IgG4方法(P-IgG4-DIGFA),平行检测IgG作比较分析;以经典ELISA为对照,评价其诊断价值,应用P-IgG4-DIGFA检测有效治疗后病人血清,评价其疗效考核价值.结果 P-IgG4-DIGFA检测人血清中肺吸虫特异性IgG4的敏感性和特异性分别为95.2%(40/42)、100%(50/50),与血吸虫病患者血清的交叉反应率仅为2%(1/50),未发现与华支睾吸虫病有交叉反应.P-IgG4-DIGFA的敏感性和特异性略高于经典ELISA,差异无统计学意义(χ2 =0.25, P>0.05 );应用P -IgG4-DIGFA检测有效治疗后3个月、6个月和12个月病人血清特异性IgG4,阴转率分别为0%、16.7%(1/6)和100%.结论 金标渗滤法快速检测肺吸虫特异性IgG4,不仅操作简便、快速,而且敏感性高、特异性强,适用于临床检验和现场查病,对治疗后1年病人具有疗效考核价值,有待进一步开发应用.
细胞松弛素D与钙通道阻滞剂拮抗吡喹酮作用对血吸虫超微结构的影响

目的 通过观察细胞松弛素D(cytochalasin D,CyD)与钙通道阻滞剂(calcium channel blockers, CCBs)拮抗吡喹酮( praziquantel, PZQ)体外杀日本血吸虫效应的虫体体表超微结构变化,探讨PZQ对血吸虫的药物靶点及作用机制.方法 在日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S j)单性尾蚴感染昆明小鼠6w后,采用门静脉灌注法收集雄性成虫,体外培养.将虫体分别与CyD及CCBs预孵育1h,然后在培养液内加入临界致死剂量的PZQ(14μmol/L)孵育过夜(16h ).次晨,洗涤、更换培养液,继续培养48h收集虫体作扫描电镜观察.结果 超微结构显示,经CyD拮抗PZQ复活后虫体皮层无损害,抱雌沟内壁轻微改变.CCBs组尼群地平和尼非地平拮抗PZQ复活虫体,皮层及抱雌沟内壁仅有轻度损伤.结论 CyD与CCBs组尼群地平和尼非地平均可拮抗PZQ对日本血吸虫体表超微结构的损伤效应,提示PZQ对虫体体表的损伤并非药物直接作用所致,而是PZQ作用于血吸虫钙通道诱导虫体痉挛性麻痹后的继发效应,实验结果进一步证明了PZQ抗血吸虫的药物靶点可能与血吸虫的钙通道有关.
甘肃省分离的版纳病毒具有显著地域特征

目的 对2007年在甘肃省平凉地区农村人房、猪舍和牛棚采集的蚊虫中分离的版纳病毒进行鉴定并对病毒基因组第12片段进行测序和分析.方法 2007年8月在平凉市采集蚊虫标本,对标本进行病毒分离并对分离物进行系统鉴定,测定分离到的版纳病毒第12片段序列,以软件进行病毒的序列比对、同源性和系统发生分析.结果 共采集到蚊虫标本2 926只,从中分离到11株致C6/36细胞产生规律病变的分离物,其中3株能引起BHK-21细胞病变.鉴定结果显示共分离到9株版纳病毒.RNA-PAGE结果显示9株版纳病毒基因组带型与对照株 BJ95-75的一致,但第6片段与对照相比稍小.新分离版纳病毒第12片段核苷酸序列同源性在99.5%～100%之间,与其他分离株的同源性为88.6%～97.6%(核苷酸)和85.5%～97.1%(氨基酸).基于版纳病毒第12片段核苷酸序列的系统发生分析显示,甘肃省分离株处于中国株进化支中的一个独立分支,与其它地区分离株具有明显的差异.结论 再次从甘肃省的蚊虫标本中分离到多株版纳病毒,基因序列和系统发生分析显示甘肃省分离株在进化上相对独立,具有显著的地域特征,可能属于版纳病毒中的一个新亚型.
实时超声弹性成像在亚急性甲状腺炎中的初步应用

目的 探讨亚急性甲状腺炎(SAT)的实时超声弹性图像特征.方法 对26例SAT患者共53个病灶的实时超声弹性图像进行分级,测量并比较弹性图和灰阶超声图显示的病灶面积大小,分析SAT血清T3、T4、TSH水平与病灶超声弹性分级的关系.结果 53个SAT病灶的实时超声弹性图像中32个病灶评为Ⅲ级,21个病灶评为Ⅳ级.弹性图显示的病灶面积大于灰阶超声图显示的病灶面积,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).SAT血清T3升高组与正常组、T4升高组与正常组、TSH减低组与正常组之间病灶的超声弹性分级差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 SAT的超声弹性图像具有一定的特征性表现,实时超声弹性成像对SAT的诊断及鉴别诊断能提供一定信息,但SAT的超声弹性分级不能反映血清T3、T4、TSH水平.
宫颈感染与IVF-ET及自然妊娠先兆流产的相关性研究

目的:研究宫颈感染与体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)及自然妊娠先兆流产之间的关系,从而探讨其治疗方案;方法:对IVF-ET和自然妊娠两组先兆流产患者的宫颈分泌物进行细菌、支原体培养.结果:IVF-ET组宫颈分泌物培养阳性16例,阳性率为61.54%;自然妊娠流产组宫颈分泌物培养阳性8例,阳性率为26.67%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),以厌氧菌及支原体多见,光滑假丝酵母菌也可见.结论:IVF-ET组比自然妊娠组宫颈管内感染多见,但两组先兆流产的患者都可见病原菌培养阳性,提示在先兆流产治疗中应常规行宫颈分泌物培养,提高保胎成功率.
辅助生殖技术后异位妊娠82例临床分析

目的:探讨接受辅助生殖技术(ART)后异位妊娠患者的临床情况及高危因素.方法:对我院2005年1月至2008年10月接受体外受精一胚胎移植(IVF-ET)、卵母细胞内单精子注射(ICSI)、冻融胚胎移植(F-ET)治疗后发生异位妊娠的病例进行回顾性分析.结果:ART治疗5141个周期获临床妊娠1176例的患者中异位妊娠82例,占6.97%(82/1176),其中输卵管妊娠72例,占临床妊娠的6.12%(72/1176),占总异位妊娠的比例为87.8%(72/82).因输卵管因素行ART共3101周期,发生异位妊娠63例,发生率2.03%(63/3101);非输卵管因素行ART 2040周期,发生异位妊娠19例,发生率0.93%(19/2040).3种ART方式(IVF-ET、ICSI、F-ET)异位妊娠发生率比较,IVF显著高于ICSI和F-ET.结论:输卵管因素是ART后发生异位妊娠的高危因素.
Relationships between Weight Status and Bullying Victimization among School-aged Adolescents in Guangdong Province of China

Objective To examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The relationships between weight status and bullying victimization (physical, verbal, and relational) were examined utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Youth Health Behavior Survey. Data on height, weight, and victimization behaviors were collected by self-reporting from 12 439 subjects. X2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze relationships between weight and bullying victimization. Results The incidence of victimization for adolescents aged 11-18 years was 8.6%, with higher rates for boys (12.4%) than for girls (4.7%). For children with normal, overweight and obese body mass index (BMI), the incidence rates of victimization were 8.2%, 17.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Compared to normal weight, overweight was a risk factor for bullying victimization(OR=l.60, 95% O:1.18-2.17), and it also increased children's risk of being teased in a hurtful way (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.41-3.24) and being made fun of due to physical appearance (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 2.27-5.67). Obesity only increased the risk for children of being made fun of due to physical appearance (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.44-4.15). Conclusions The victimization for children at school is common in Guangdong province, China. Overweight and obese children are more likely to be victims of bullying behaviors, especially verbal victimization.
Molecular Analysis of Legume Nodule Development and Autoregulation

Legumes are highly important food,feed and biofuel crops.With few exceptions,they can enter into an intricate symbiotic relationship with specific soil bacteria called rhizobia.This interaction results in the formation of a new root organ called the nodule in which the rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into forms of nitrogen that are useable by the plant.The plant tightly controls the number of nodules it forms,via a complex root-to-shoot-to-root signaling loop called autoregulation of nodulation(AON).This regulatory process involves peptide hormones,receptor kinases and small metabolites,Using modern genetic and genomic techniques,many of the components required for nodule formation and AON have now been isolated.This review addresses these recent findings,presents detailed models of the nodulation and AON processes,and identifies gaps in our understanding of these process that have yet to be fully explained.
河北省18岁及以上人群自杀未遂流行病学调查

目的:了解河北省自杀未遂的流行病学特点,分析自杀未遂的相关因素.方法:采用2004年10月至2005年3月河北省精神障碍流调样本,以该样本为多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18岁人群,共24000名,以回龙观医院北京心理危机与干预中心编制的自杀未遂调查表记录自杀未遂情况,用美国<精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版(DSM-Ⅳ)>对各类精神障碍进行诊断.结果:(1)自杀未遂终生发生率为0.82%(95%CI:0.70～0.94);女性发生率为1.17%(95%CI:1.02～1.32),男性为0.47%(95%CI:0.38～0.56),女性明显高于男性(χ2=30.45,P<0.001);城市发生率为0.45%(95%CI:0.36～0.54),农村为0.88%(95%CI:0.75～1.00),农村明显高于城市(χ2=5.26,P<0.05).(2)服毒药及治疗药为自杀的主要方式(78.2%),使用的药物或工具来源主要是放在家里(73.5%),最主要目的是解脱痛苦(73.5%),41.8%的自杀行为属冲动性,自杀未遂者中精神疾病患病率为52.9%.(3)Logistic回归分析显示:自杀未遂的危险因素为女性(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.55～3.09)、小学教育程度(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.34～2.65)、年龄30～39岁(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.19～2.34)、离婚(OR=3.28,95%CI:1.57～6.89)、再婚(OR=4.57,95%CI:2.00～10.46)、精神疾病(OR=8.72,95%CI:6.37～11.95).结论:加强农药及治疗药的管理、及时发现、治疗精神疾病对自杀未遂的预防具有重要作用,应对自杀未遂人群进行有效干预,防止再次出现自杀行为.
Cost-utility of molecular adsorbent recirculating system treatment in acute liver failure

AIM: To determine the short-term cost-utility of molecular molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment in acute liver failure (ALF). METHODS: A controlled retrospective study was conducted with 90 ALF patients treated with MARS from 2001 to 2005. Comparisons were made with a historical control group of 17 ALF patients treated from 2000 to 2001 in the same intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in liver diseases. The 3-year outcomes and number of liver transplantations were recorded. All direct liver disease-related medical expenses from 6 mo before to 3 years after ICU treatment were determined for 31 MARS patients and 16 control patients. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before MARS treatment was estimated by a panel of ICU doctors and after MARS using a mailed 15D (15-dimensional generic healthrelated quality of life instrument) questionnaire. The HRQoL, cost, and survival data were combined and the incremental cost/quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was calculated. RESULTS: In surviving ALF patients, the health-related quality of life after treatmeant was generally high and comparable to the age- and gender-matched general Finnish population. Compared to the controls, the average cost per QALY was considerably lower in the MARS years. The incremental cost of standard medical treatment incremental number of QALYs gained by MARS was 0.66. CONCLUSION: MARS treatment combined with standard medical treatment for ALF in an ICU setting is more cost-effective than standard medical treatment alone.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ 34C》G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( PPAR-γ) gene polymorphism 34 C>G and colorectal cancer (CRC), a meta-analysis review was performed in this report. METHODS: A systematic literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies were carried out. Nine independent studies with a total number of 4533 cases and 6483 controls were included in the meta-analysis on the association between polymorphism 34 C>G and CRC. RESULTS: There was no evidence for the association between PPAR-γ 34 C>G and CRC if all of the subjects in the nine studies were included. However, CG + GG showed a marginally significant difference from CC (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69-1.01, P = 0.07) in random-effect model. Stratified meta-analysis indicated that PPAR-γ 34 C>G was associated with colon cancer (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99, P = 0.04) in random-effect model, and the G allele decreased colon cancer risk. No significant association was observed between PPAR-γ 34 C>G and rectal cancer. CONCLUSION: PPAR-γ 34 C>G is associated with colon cancer risk, but not associated with CRC and rectal cancer risk.
Assessment of Vulnerability of Oxisols to Compaction in the Cerrado Region of Brazil

The Cerrado region of Brazil, one of the fastest-growing agricultural areas in the world, is undergoing very rapid mechanization; this development is good for the country's economy but may also snowball into substantial loss of agricultural land and other environmental degradation if the soil susceptibility and vulnerability to compaction is not well understood. In this study we explored different techniques for estimating soil intrinsic abilities to withstand applied pressure using the prevalent Oxisols of the Cerrado region under native vegetation. Undisturbed samples were collected from three sites within the region and subjected to 1) compressibility test; 2) manual penetration resistance test; 3) automated penetration resistance test; and 4) packing density analysis. The four methods produced analogous results. Our results showed the significant influence of soil structure on the inherent strength and compaction susceptibility of the soils. We also established the association of soil structure with the mineralogy of the soil. It is noteworthy that the packing density which was developed from very simple and easily obtained parameters could give a picture of the tendency of the soil to compact. Thus, this approach would be useful in developing compaction susceptibility maps for the region. It could be concluded that most of the Oxisols in the Cerrado region would support mechanized agricultural production very successfully. However, there is need for careful management of the mechanization process to avert degradation. The management techniques should include conservationist practices such as no till in order to maintain as much as possible the favorable structure and drainage of these very old soils.
Phosphorus Dynamics in Two Poultry-Litter Amended Soils of Mississippi Under Three Management Systems

An experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted on a Lexington soil (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic, Ultic Hapludalfs) and a Loring soil (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic, Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs) in Mississippi from September 1997 to September 2000 on 18 runoff plots under natural rainfall condition to study the phosphorus (P) dynamics in poultry litter amended soils under three management systems combining tillage and planting date treatments to identify effective management practices in southern U.S.A. The management systems in the study were: 1) tillage in the fall prior to litter application followed by a delayed planting of fall forages (CT-DP); 2) tillage followed by immediate planting of the fall forage with subsequent litter application (CT-IP); and 3) no-till with planting prior to litter application (NT-IP). The results indicated that there was significant increase in soil P after 3 years of poultry litter application for both Lexington and Loring soils (F < 0.05). Based on P budget analysis, the majority of P from poultry litter application (> 90%), was accumulated in both soils. In Loring soil, soluble P mass in the runoff was significantly higher from NT-IP than from CT-DP and CT-IP over the entire study period (P < 0.01). For both soils, there were no significant differences in sediment P mass between management systems. For Loring soil, CT-DP and CT-IP were effective management practices to mitigate negative effects due to poultry litter application.
Spatial Variability of Soil Properties at Capulin Volcano, New Mexico, USA: Implications for Sampling Strategy

Non-agricultural lands are surveyed sparsely in general. Meanwhile, soils in these areas usually exhibit strong spatial variability which requires more samples for producing acceptable estimates. Capulin Volcano National Monument, as a typical sparsely-surveyed area, was chosen to assess spatial variability of a variety of soil properties, and furthermore, to investigate its implications for sampling design. One hundred and forty one composited soil samples were collected across the Monument and the surrounding areas. Soil properties including pH, organic matter content, extractable elements such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), as well as sand, silt, and clay percentages were analyzed for each sample. Semivariograms of all properties were constructed, standardized, and compared to estimate the spatial variability of the soil properties in the area. Based on the similarity among standardized semivariograms, we found that the semivariograms could be generalized for physical and chemical properties, respectively. The generalized semivariogram for physical properties had a much greater sill value (2.635) and effective range (7500 m) than that for chemical properties. Optimal sampling density (OSD), which is derived from the generalized semivariogram and defines the relationship between sampling density and expected error percentage, was proposed to represent, interpret, and compare soil spatial variability and to provide guidance for sample scheme design. OSDs showed that chemical properties exhibit a stronger local spatial variability than soil texture parameters, implying more samples or analysis are required to achieve a similar level of precision.
Effect of Land Use Conversion from Rice Paddies to Vegetable Fields on Soil Phosphorus Fractions

Excess phosphorus (P) from agricultural soils contributes to eutrophication in water bodies. Samples (n = 60) were taken from sites where rice paddies have been converted to vegetable fields for 0, < 10, 10-20, and > 20 years and analyzed for five inorganic P (P_i) fractions, three organic P (P_o) fractions, and several soil parameters to investigate how land use conversion affects Pi and Po fractions in a peri-urban area of China with soils characteristic of many agricultural areas of Asia. Significant increases of 33, 281, 293, and 438 mg kg~(-1) were found for soluble and loosely bound P_i (SL-P_i), aluminum-bound P_i (Al-P_i), calcium-bound P_i (Ca-P_i),and iron-bound P_i(Fe-P_i), respectively, after conversion from rice paddies to vegetable fields. Most of the increase in P_i was in the form of Fe-P_i, which increased from 8% of total P (TP) on paddy soil to 31% on the soil with > 20-year vegetable cultivation, followed by Al-P_i, which increased from 2% to 19% of TP. For Po fractions, there was no significant change in P concentrations. The conversion of land use from paddy fields to high intensity vegetable fields was causing significant changes in soil P fractions. Management practices were causing a buildup of soil P, primarily in the Fe-P_i fraction, followed by Ca-P_i and Al-P_i fractions. If current trends continue, a 30%-70% increase in TP could be expected in the next 20 years. Farmers in the area should reduce P application and use to maximize P uptake.
Soil Organic Carbon, Carbon Fractions and Nutrients as Affected by Land Use in Semi-Arid Region of Loess Plateau of China

Cropland (CP), native grassland (NG) and two shrub land treatments which were converted from cropland in 1985: seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (ST), and branchytamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) (BT) were investigated to evaluate effects of land use conversion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nutrients in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau of China. Total organic carbon (TOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), total N (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO_3~--N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO_2~--N), ammoniurn nitrogen (NH_4~+-N), total P, and available P (AP) were measured. The results showed that SOC in NG, ST and BT were 12.7%, 27.7% and 34.8% higher than that of the cropland, respectively. LFOC, light fraction (LF) dry matter, ratio of TOC to TN (C/N) and the ratio of TOC to AP (C/P) were higher in the shrub land or native grassland than in the cropland. Cropland had the highest TN, the sum of NO_3~--N and NO_2~--N, TP and AP due to the use of chemical fertilizers. TOC significantly correlated with LFOC, HFOC and C/N. LFOC significantly correlated with dry matter of the LF and C/N. TN, the sum of NO_3~--N and NO_2~--N and AP were significantly negatively correlated with TOC and LFOC. Therefore, land use conversion from cropland to shrub land, or maybe grassland, contributed to SOC sequestration and improved soil nutrients stabilization.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Earthworm on Nematode Communities and Arsenic Uptake by Maize in Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Acaulospora spp. And Glomus spp.) and rice straw and earthworms (RE, Eisenia foetida) on nematode communities and arsenic (As) uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in As-contaminated soils were examined in a field experiment conducted in Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, China. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial with the factors of AMF (inoculated or uninoculated) and RE (added or not added). The results demonstrated that AMF inoculation led to significantly higher root colonization of AMF and root dry weight. Plants inoculated with both AMF and RE had the highest As concentrations in root. The number of total nematodes increased with AMF inoculation when RE was absent, and decreased with RE addition when AMF was inoculated. The improved abundance of nematodes with the AMF treatment implied that the tested AMF acted as food sources for fungivores. The abundances of omnivores-predators and plant parasites were reduced by earthworm activity. Twenty-seven genera of nematodes were identified, with Filenchus dominant in all treatments. Trophic diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity, Simpson dominance index, and species richness indicated higher species diversity, more proportionate species composition, evenly distributed species, and more food sources in the AMF, RE, and their interaction treatments. Maturity index showed a moderately disturbed environment due to As pollution. Besides enhancing plant uptake of contaminants, AMF and RE amendments could also improve soil health by restoring the structure of soil communities, as reflected by more stable nematode community structure.
6-MP联合伊马替尼治疗高龄Ph(+)急性淋巴细胞白血病1例

患者,女,74岁,因乏力、体重下降6个月先就诊于我院消化内科,诊断为"十二指肠球部溃疡",予抑酸、护胃、抗炎等治疗效果不佳,多次复查血常规白细胞进行性升高,血红蛋白及血小板降低,后行骨穿检查诊断为急性淋巴细胞白血病,为进一步治疗来我科,于2009年3月8日收住院.
城市老年人养老方式选择及影响因素

目的 分析影响城市老年人选择养老方式的主要因素,为卫生决策者采取相应的策略或措施提供依据.方法 应用自行设计的调查问卷,对河北省石家庄、保定两城市60岁及以上老年398人进行抽样调查;应用Logistic回归分析等方法进行结果分析.结果 经济状况、社会支持系统和年龄层次与城市老年人选择不同的养老方式有密切关系.结论 家庭养老目前仍是老年人养老方式的首选,社区养老理念和服务模式亟待形成和发展.