mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A New 1-D Organic-inorganic Hybrid Polyoxotungstate Constructed from Sandwich-type Polyanions and Copper~II-organoamine Complexes

A new organic-inorganic hybrid sandwich-type polyoxotungstate [Cu(dien)-(H_2O)_2]_2[{Cu(dien)(H_2O)}_3{Cu_(4.5)W_(0.5)(B-α-SbW_9O_(33))_2}](OH)_4·7H_2O (1, dien = diethylenetriamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spec-troscopy, TG analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 31.527(3), b = 13.9309(13), c = 24.297(2) A,β= 1108.269(2)°, V= 10133.2(17) A~3, D_c = 4.024 g/cm~3 and Z = 4. X-ray crystallographic study shows that the molecular structure of 1 contains an infrequent penta-nuclearity {Cu_(4.5)W_(0.5)} cluster sandwiched polyanion [{Cu_(4.5)W_(0.5)(B-α-SbW_9O_(33))_2}]~(6-), on which three [Cu(dien)(H_2O)]~(2+) complexes decorated as pendants. Interestingly, two [Cu(dien)(H_2O)]~(2+) pendants linked the two neighboring sandwich-type polyanions via double Cu—μ_2-O-W bridges, resulting in a 1-D chain. The magnetic measurements show compound 1 exhibits obvious antiferromagnetic interactions.
Annealing Temperature Effects of TiO_2 Nanofiber Anodes for the Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

TiO_2 nanofibers (Ti02/NFs) have been synthesized through an electrospinning method and annealed at 400, 500 and 600 ℃ to optimize their systems. The effects of annealing temperature on the electrochemical properties for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are assessed. The obtained LIB properties for TiO_2 nanofiber anodes annealed at 400℃ (denoted as TiO_2/NFs-400) are much better than those of TiO_2/NFs-500 and TiO_2/NFs-600. The TiO_2/NFs-400 anodes show good LIB performance with capacities of 180 and 150 mAh/g tested at 200 and 600 mA/g after 100 cycles with almost no capacity loss and superb rate performance. The XRD results show that the pure anatase phase TiO_2 can form at 400 °C for TiO_2/NFs-400, while mixed phases of anatase and rutile are emerged at TiO_2/NFs-500 and TiO_2/NFs-600. Furthermore, the TiO_2 nanoparticles are combined in nanofibers, and their corresponding crystal particle size for TiO_2/NFs-400 was smaller than that of the other two samples. It is concluded that the superior electrochemical performance of the TiO_2/NFs-400 anodes could be due to their pure crystal of anatase, small nanoparticles and non-ideal crystal lattices.
Monoclinic KNbO_3 Nanowires for Photocatalytic Methane Production and Dye Degradation

The room temperature stabled monoclinic KNbO_3 nanowires were found to act as photocatalyst for photocatalytic methane production and dye degradation in this work. Higher activities have been observed for monoclinic phase compared to the reference (orthorhombic phase). In the photoreduction of CO_2 reaction, the monoclinic KNbO_3 nanowires exhibited a CH_4 evolution rate of 0.025 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1), which was higher than 0.021 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1) of orthorhombic KNbO_3 nanowires. In the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB), almost all the RhB were degraded after 90 min light illumination for monoclinic KNbO_3 nanowires. But for orthorhombic KNbO_3 nanowires, the concentration of RhB only decreased to 62% of the initial value.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-en-28-oate-13β, 28-olide as a potent anti-inflammatory agent for intervention of LPS-induced acute lung injury

The present study was designed to synthesize 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-en-28-oate-13β, 28-olide (1),a lactone derivative of oleanolic acid (OA) and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 significantly diminished nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-a in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further in vivo studies in murine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) showed that 1 possessed more potent protective effects than the well-known anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reducing total cells and neutrophils, and suppressing inflammatory cytokines expression, and thus ameliorating the histopathological conditions of the injured lung tissue. In conclusion, compound 1 could be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for intervention of LPS-induced ALI.
Palaeogeographic variation in the Permian-Triassic boundary microbialites: A discussion of microbial and ocean processes after the end-Permian mass extinction

Shallow marine carbonate sediments that formed after the end-Permian mass extinction are rich in a thin (maximum ca. 15 m) deposit of microbialites. Microbial communities that constructed the micro-bialites have geographic variability of composition, broadly divisible into two groups: 1) eastern Tethys sites are calcimicrobe-dominated (appearing as thrombolites in the field), with rare occurrence of sediment-constructed microbialites and uncommon cements either within microbial structure or as inorganic precipitates, 2) other Tethys sites are sediment-dominated structures forming stromatolites and thrombolites, composed of micrites and cements, with some inorganic precipitates. These other Tethys locations include western and central Tethys sites but their palaeogeographic positions depend on the accuracy of continental reconstructions, of which there are several opinions. In contrast to geographic variation of microbialites, the conodont Hindeodus parvus, which appeared after the extinction and defines the base of the Triassic, is widespread, indicating easy lateral migration throughout Tethys. Conodont animals were active nekton, although being small animals were presumably at least partly carried by water currents, implying active Tethyan surface water circulation after the extinction event. Post-extinction ammonoid taxa, presumed active swimmers, show poor evidence of a wide distribution in the Griesbachian beds immediately after the extinction, but are more cosmopolitan higher up, in the Dienerian strata in Tethys. Other shelly fossils also have poorly defined distributions after the extinction, but ostracods show some wider distribution suggesting migration was possible after the extinction. Therefore there is a contrast between the geographic differences of microbialites and some shelly fossils. Determining the cause of geographic variation of post-extinction microbialites is problematic and may include one or more of the following possibilities: 1) because calcifying microbial organisms that create calcimicrobes were benthic, they may have lacked planktonic stages that would have allowed migration, 2) eastern Tethyan seas were possibly more saturated with respect to calcium carbonates and microbes, so microbes there were possibly more able to calcify, 3) significant reduction of Tethyan ocean circulation, perhaps by large-scale upwelling disrupting ocean surface circulation, may have limited lateral migration of benthic microbial communities but did not prevent migration of other organisms, and 4) microbes may have been subject to local environmental controls, the mechanisms of which have not yet been recognized in the facies. The difficulty of distinguishing between these possibilities (and maybe others not identified) demonstrates that there is a lot still to learn about the post-extinction microbialites and their controls.
Soft-sediment deformation structures related to volcanic earthquakes of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshan Group in Lingshan Island, Shandong Province, East China

The study on soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) of Lingshan Island has been one of the hot topics of sedimentology researches in China in recent years, and SSDS developed in turbidite system in the Laiyang Group are widely known by domestic researchers. However, few studies were conducted on the SSDS in fan delta system in the Qingshan Group, Lingshan Island. This study analyzes the classification and characteristics of SSDS especially their lithofacies association and lithologic characteristics through field outcrops investigation and thin section analysis as well. A conclusion was acquired that the paleoenvironment was a fan delta system with occurrence of several volcanic eruptions, where the water became gradually shallower. The SSDS types in the Qingshan Group includes load and flame structure, ball and pillow structure, water-escape structure, hydroplastic deformation structure, plastic sandstone breccia structure, volcanic drop stone and V-shaped ground fissure mainly caused by volcanic earthquakes of three types: (1) seismic waves, (2) gravity and inertia effect of pyroclastic flows, (3) instant differential air pressure; which is different from slumping and tectonic earthquakes occurred in the Laiyang Group. In addition, with the lithofacies association analysis between pyroclastic flow and SSDS beds, a distribution model of SSDS related to volcanic earthquakes can be established: SSDS types changed gradually with their distance further away from the volcanic activity core. Brittle deformation which was common in the proximal zone disappeared gradually; liquefied and plastic SSDS continued to dominate in the medial zone; and slightly liquefied SSDS were developed in the distal zone. Meanwhile, the scale and size of SSDS is negatively correlated with the distance of SSDS depositional locations from the volcanic vent.
Blasingame production decline type curves for analysing a multi-fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs

Production decline analysis has been considered as an important method to obtain the flow parameters, reservoir properties and original gas in place. Although advanced Blasingame production decline analysis methods for vertical wells, fractured wells and horizontal wells are widely used, limited study has conducted on Blasingame production decline type curves for multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW). Based on the perpendicular bisection (PEBI) grids, a numerical model was developed and the solution was obtained using control volume finite element method and the fully implicit method. Blasingame production decline-type curves of the infinitely conductive MFHW were plotted through computer programming. A field case was presented to analyse and verify the model developed. Five flow regimes, including early formation linear flow, early radial flow, compound linear flow, transient flow and pseudo-radial flow, are recognized. Fracture spacing is the main factor that affects early radial flow, compound linear flow and transient flow, the distance from the well to the circular boundary affects the pseudo-radial flow, and the type curves are also significantly affected by the formation permeability, fracture number and fracture half-length. The validation of field case suggests that the Blasingame production decline type curves proposed in this work can be applied to the production decline analysis for MFHW in tight gas reservoirs.
127例戊型肝炎肝衰竭的临床特点和预后分析

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染在大多数情况下可呈自限性特征,但一部分人群可发展至重症肝病甚至发展为肝衰竭,具有较高的病死率。作为肝衰竭最有效治疗手段的肝移植术因肝源有限制约了其广泛开展,故探寻HEV相关肝衰竭的临床特点和预后规律对更有效的医疗资源配置显得尤为重要。既往针对肝衰竭研究多集中在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染,针对HEV相关肝衰竭临床预后的研究甚少或样本量过小。本研究对解放军第302医院近10余年127例HEV相关肝衰竭病例进行回顾性分析,旨在寻找与肝衰竭预后相关的临床指标,以期为进一步提高诊治水平提供依据。
针刀治疗带状疱疹后神经痛疗效观察与分析

带状疱疹可引起多种并发症,以带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia, PHN)最常见,带状疱疹后神经痛是水痘带状疱疹病毒感染后累及周围神经导致的一种神经病理性疼痛综合征可持续数月到数年。中老年病人中34%的带状疱疹病人可发生带状疱疹后神经痛,其中60岁以上病人中70%可以出现该并发症。目前对治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的一线药物主要包括抗惊厥、抗抑郁等药物,虽然取得一定的效果,但仍有许多病人不满意疗效或不能耐受药物的不良反应。本研究是在针刀医学解决慢性软组织损伤性疾病粘连、挛缩、瘢痕、堵塞四大病理因素指导下,临床摸索出来的新方法,治疗周期短,疗效显著。我们认为:疱疹后局部的软组织粘连、挛缩、结瘢、堵塞而导致的局部微循环缺血及神经的卡压可能是带状疱疹后神经痛的关键因素。
周超凡谈无毒中药的潜在不良反应

药品不良反应(ADR)是指合格药品在正常用法、用量下出现的与用药目的无关或意外的有害反应,它不仅指药物的毒副作用,还包括药物特异性反应、过敏反应、成瘾性、继发性反应以及引起后代畸形、癌症等。近年来,随着中药不良反应事件在国内外的频繁报道,其安全性问题逐渐引起医学界的广泛关注。周超凡教授为《中国药典》委员会委员,一生致力于中药安全性研究。他强调必须在中医理论的指导下合理使用中药,同时应参考现代药理、毒理学研究成果,在重视药物治疗作用的同时,也不能忽视其潜在的不良反应风险。
股骨近端防旋髓内钉和解剖锁定钢板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果比较

[目的]探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation, PFNA)和解剖型锁定钢板(proximal anatomic locking plate, PFLAP)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2013年2月~2015年2月本院收治的86例老年股骨转子间骨折患者资料,依据治疗手术方法将其分为两组。PFNA组46例,PFLAP组40例。观察两组患者围术期资料(术中出血量、手术时间、术后负重时间、骨折愈合时间)、髋关节功能优良率及并发症情况。[结果]术后随访3~12个月,随访期间无死亡病例。PFNA组术中出血量、术中输血量、术后输血量、术后引流量分别为(121.20±25.60) ml、(0.80±0.30) U、(1.40±0.30) U、(73.40±23.30) ml,均明显低于PFLAP组的(207.40±23.50) ml、(2.00±0.40) U、(2.20±0.60) U、(82.80± 21.20) ml,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); PF-NA组的切口长度、手术时间、术后负重时间分别为(8.60±1.50) cm、(38.20±2.40) min、(12.60±3.70) d均,低于PFLAP组的(9.10±1.60) cm、(45.30±3.20) min、(18.10±3.30) d,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); PFNA组的骨折愈合时间为(12.80±2.10) d低于PFLAP组的(13.30±3.70) d,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PFNA组Harris评分优良率为82.6%,高于PFLAP组的80%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]两种内固定方法都是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的有效术式,其中股骨近端防旋髓内钉的手术时间、中出血量和术后负重时间低于解剖型锁定钢板。
眼外伤玻璃体切割手术后脉络膜上腔硅油一例

患者在我院行硅油取出并再次硅油填充手术前、手术中见颞上方脉络膜隆起,此时患者无眼痛,眼压正常,结合手术前UBM检查示睫状体分离,玻璃体腔与脉络膜上腔相通,我们推测该隆起由硅油进入脉络膜上腔引起。手术中经隆起部位对应的巩膜穿刺,可见硅油自穿刺口处流出,证实该推测。硅油进入脉络膜上腔是玻璃体切割手术少见并发症,周边部少量硅油残留可暂时随访观察。但大量硅油长期残留于脉络膜上腔,会导致长期低眼压及睫状体脱离,且后极部硅油的存在会严重影响视力,且硅油残留易导致增生膜增生、出现硅油乳化,所以需取出。既往文献报道,认为手术中眼内压波动、严重前部玻璃体视网膜增生病变等可使灌注针头误人脉络膜上腔。结合本例患者手术前UBM检查结果,我们考虑第一次手术中脱离的睫状体缝合范围不足以及缝针稀疏,导致硅油经睫状体分离处进入脉络膜上腔。因此眼外伤首次手术时,虹膜和睫状体的损伤应得到重视和处理,特别是睫状体的分离应给予正确缝合,减少硅油进入脉络膜上腔的风险。通常每个时钟位的解离范围需缝合3~4针,确保睫状体环形肌重新贴附到巩膜突的位置。手术中利用顶压器顶压巩膜直视下确认脉络膜隆起部位并定位脉络膜下硅油,20G巩膜隧道刀近水平于定位处巩膜穿刺,可以避免损伤脉络膜及视网膜。严重的增生膜收缩可引起视网膜脱离,应剥除,但剥除过程中应小心操作,避免医源性损伤。此外,本例患者视网膜增生膜位于黄斑区,所以剥除增生膜后,给予了内界膜剥除,可以减少增生膜的复发,减轻或预防黄斑水肿,提高视力。
皮脂腺痣综合征合并脉络膜骨瘤一例

皮脂腺痣综合征为皮脂腺痣伴脑、眼部或骨骼缺陷。中枢神经系统异常包括精神发育迟滞、癫痫发作。眼组织缺损是与皮脂腺痣综合征相关的最常见眼部表现。骨骼缺陷包括颅面缺陷、骨骼发育不全、身材矮小及维生素D抵抗性低磷血症性佝偻病。Shields等报道5例皮脂腺痣综合征患者,眼底均有黄色或橘红色病灶,其中1例患者行眼球摘除病理检查证实黄色病灶为巩膜软骨成分;伴有虹膜、眼睑缺损分别各有1例。本例患儿左侧头皮及颜面部病变表现符合皮脂腺痣诊断。左眼眼底视盘周围橘红色病灶,CT检查眼环后缘条形高密度影以及CDFI检查视神经周围强回声光带等均提示符合脉络膜骨瘤诊断。患儿精神状态良好,头颅CT检查中枢神经系统未见明显异常,家长叙述未发现患儿有癫痫发作症状。有无中枢神经系统异常还有待进一步观察。临床上对于疑似皮脂腺痣综合征的患者,应进行全面的神经系统和眼科检查。
超声诊断婴儿先天性膈膨升1例

手术是治疗本症的唯一方法,目的是将膈肌恢复到正常的部位,以减轻对心肺的压迫,改善其功能。本例的特点是以呼吸系统为首发和主要症状,临床诊断为支气管炎所致,既往无特殊病史,彩色多普勒超声发现膈膨升,临床仅给予对症治疗,暂无特殊处置。
结肠腺瘤癌变过程中MTA1、RECK的表达及意义

目的分析MTA1、RECK在结肠腺瘤及结肠癌组织中的表达,探讨MTA1、RECK在结肠腺瘤癌变过程中的作用。方法应用免疫组化SABC法检测104例结肠癌组织、114例结肠腺瘤组织、30例正常结肠组织中MTA1、RECK蛋白表达,并复习相关文献。结果正常结肠组织、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤至结肠癌组织中MTA1的阳性率呈逐渐增高趋势(P<0.05);结肠腺瘤(中重度异型增生)组中MTA1的阳性率高于结肠腺瘤(轻度异型增生)组(P<0.05);MTA1在结肠癌中的阳性率随肿瘤临床Dukes分期的提高、淋巴结转移及肿瘤分化程度的降低而升高(P <0.05)。RECK在正常结肠组织、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、结肠癌组中的阳性率分别为100%、78.57%、77.27%、53.85%;正常结肠组织、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤至结肠癌组中RECK的阳性率呈逐渐降低趋势;中重度异型增生结肠腺瘤组中RECK的阳性率明显低于轻度异型增生结肠腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);RECK在结肠癌中的阳性率随肿瘤临床Dukes分期的提高、淋巴结转移及肿瘤分化程度的降低而降低(P <0.05)。结论结肠癌组织中MTA1呈高表达,RECK表达缺失。MTA1、RECK参与正常组织、癌前病变、癌组织的发生、发展,在结肠腺瘤的癌变过程中起着重要作用。
食管胃结合部腺癌中RAD51蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的探讨RAD51蛋白在食管胃结合部腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化和Western blot法检测141例正常胃黏膜、112例胃黏膜上皮内瘤变及141例食管胃结合部腺癌中RAD51蛋白的表达,并分析其表达与食管胃结合部腺癌的临床病理学征特的关系。结果免疫组化检测RAD51蛋白在正常胃黏膜组、低级别瘤变组、高级别瘤变组、食管胃结合部癌组织中的阳性率分别为8.51%、20.45% 、44.12% 和72.34% (P < 0.05); Western blot检测结果分别为1、2.29 ± 0.08、4.97 ± 0.24、8.13 ± 1.03(P < 0.05),提示RAD51蛋白表达为逐渐升高的趋势。RAD51蛋白表达与食管胃结合部腺癌的病理分化程度、Lauren分型及有无淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。结论RAD51在食管胃结合部腺癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。
Defect Formation Mechanisms in Selective Laser Melting: A Review

Defect formation is a common problem in selective laser melting (SLM). This paper provides a review of defect formation mechanisms in SLM. It summarizes the recent research outcomes on defect findings and classification, analyzes formation mechanisms of the common defects, such as porosities, incomplete fusion holes, and cracks. The paper discusses the effect of the process parameters on defect formation and the impact of defect formation on the mechanical properties of a fabricated part. Based on the discussion, the paper proposes strategies for defect suppression and control in SLM.
Detection of Picric Acid by Terpy-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Fluorescent Coordination Polymers in Aqueous Media

The synthesis of two linear terpy-based metallo-supramolecular fluorescent coordination polymers through 1 : 1 complexation of Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) ions with ditopic terpyridine ligand was reported. The dispersibility of P1 and P2 was significantly improved in organic solvent and water through the introduction of hydrophilic oligo-ethyoxy side chain. Two polymers displayed yellow light emission both in solution and the solid state due to the intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) between the d~(10) metal ions and the conjugated spacer unit. These coordination polymers were explored as fluorescent chemosensors for detecting picric acid in aqueous media, displaying high sensitivity and good selectivity. In addition, test strips were prepared from these polymers and exhibited the practical potential of detecting the NACs pollutants in the outdoor water for public safety and security.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO: B thin films with different thickness for bifacial a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells

Textured surface boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO) thin films were fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition as transparent conductive oxide (TCO) for solar cells. The surface microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrum and scanning electron microscope. The optical transmittance was shown by optical transmittance microscope and the electrical properties were tested by Hall measurements. The thickness of the BZO film has crucial impact on the surface morphology, optical transmittance, and resistivity. The electrical and optical properties as well as surface microstructure varied inconsistently with the increase of the film thickness. The grain size and the surface roughness increased with the increase of the film thickness. The conductivity increased from 0.96×10~3 to 6.94×10~3 S/cm while the optical transmittance decreased from above 85% to nearly 80% with the increase of film thickness from 195 to 1021 nm. The BZO films deposited as both front and back transparent electrodes were applied to the bifacial ptype a-Si:H/i-type a-Si:H/n-type c-Si/i-type a-Si:H/n~+-type a-Si:H heterojunction solar cells to obtain the optimized parameter of thickness. The highest efficiency of all the samples was 17.8% obtained with the BZO film thickness of 829 nm. Meanwhile, the fill factor was 0.676, the opencircuit voltage was 0.63 Vand the short-circuit density was 41.79 mA/cm~2. The properties of the solar cells changing with the thickness were also investigated.
Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.
A genetic algorithm based entity resolution approach with active learning

Entity resolution is a key aspect in data quality and data integration, identifying which records correspond to the same real world entity in data sources. Many existing approaches require manually designed match rules to solve the problem, which always needs domain knowledge and is time consuming. We propose a novel genetic algorithm based entity resolution approach via active learning. It is able to learn effective match rules by logically combining several different attributes' comparisons with proper thresholds. We use active learning to reduce manually labeled data and speed up the learning process. The extensive evaluation shows that the proposed approach outperforms the sate-of-the-art entity resolution approaches in accuracy.
Driving factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China: an empirical study using 2006--2010 provincial data

The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China’s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heterogeneities into account based on an integration of the extended stochastic impacts using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model on population, affluence, and technology. Population size, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption pattern, energy prices, and economy openness are identified as the key driving factors of regional carbon dioxide emissions and examined through the empirical data for 30 provinces during 2006–2010. The results show the driving factors and their spillover effects have distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Most of the estimated time and space coefficients are consistent with expectation. According to the results of this study, the heterogeneous spatial and temporal effects should be taken into account when designing policies to achieve the goals of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in different regions.
Projected hydrologic regime changes in the Poyang Lake Basin due to climate change

Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, and its surrounding sub-basins have suffered frequent floods and droughts in recent decades. To better understand and quantitatively assess hydrological impacts of climate change in the region, this study adopted the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) to downscale the outputs of a Global Climate Model (GCM) under three scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) as recommended by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) during future periods (2010–2099) in the Poyang Lake Basin. A semi-distributed two-parameter monthly water balance model was also used to simulate and predict projected changes of runoff in the Ganjiang sub-basin. Results indicate that: 1) SDSM can simulate monthly mean precipitation reasonably well, while a bias correction procedure should be applied to downscaled extreme precipitation indices (EPI) before being employed to simulate future precipitation; 2) for annual mean precipitation, a mixed pattern of positive or negative changes are detected in the entire basin, with a slightly higher or lower trend in the 2020s and 2050s, with a consistent increase in the 2080s; 3) all six EPI show a general increase under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, while a mixed pattern of positive and negative changes is detected for most indices under the RCP2.6 scenario; and 4) the future runoff in the Ganjiang sub-basin shows an overall decreasing trend for all periods but the 2080s under the RCP8.5 scenario when runoff is more sensitive to changes in precipitation than evaporation.