mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Hydro-mechanical modeling of impermeable discontinuity in rock by extended finite element method

The extended finite element method (XFEM) is a numerical method for modeling discontinuities within the classical finite element framework. The computation mesh in XFEM is independent of the discontinuities, such that remeshing for moving discontinuities can be overcome. The extended finite element method is presented for hydro-mechanical modeling of impermeable discontinuities in rock. The governing equation of XFEM for hydraulic fracture modeling is derived by the virtual work principle of the fracture problem considering the water pressure on crack surface. The coupling relationship between water pressure gradient on crack surface and fracture opening width is obtained by semi-analytical and semi-numerical method. This method simplifies coupling analysis iteration and improves computational precision. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method for modeling hydraulic fracture problems is verified by two examples and the advantages of the XFEM for hydraulic fracturing analysis are displayed.
Lead and zinc geochemical behavior based on geological characteristics in Parkam Porphyry Copper System, Kerman, Iran

Parkam (Sarah) porphyry system is located on the metallogenic belt of Kerman, Iran. Due to existence of some copper-rich resources in this region, finding out the exact statistical characteristics such as distribution of data population, mean, variance and data population behavior of elements like Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn is necessary for interpreting their geological behavior. For this reason, precise calculation of statistical characteristics of Pb and Zn grade datasets was performed and results were interpreted geologically. The natures of Pb and Zn distributions were initially identified and their distributions were normalized through statistical treatment. Subsequently, the variograms were calculated for each exploration borehole and show that both Pb and Zn geochemical variates are spatially correlated. According to the similarity of the behavior of Pb and Zn in these calculations, it is decided to measure their exact behavior applying K-means clustering method. K-means clustering results show that the Zn grade varies linearly relative to that of Pb values and their behavior is similar. Based on the geochemical behavior similarity of Pb and Zn, throughout the pervasive secondary hydrothermal activity, they are remobilized in the similar manner, from the deep to the shallow levels of the mineralization zones. However, statistical analysis suggests that hydrothermal activity associated with secondary waters in Parkam is effective in remobilizing and enriching both Pb and Zn since they have similar geochemical characteristics. However, the process does not result in generation of economic concentrations.
Industrial transformation and green production to reduce environmental emissions: Taking cement industry as a case

Industrial transformation and green production (ITGP) is a new 10-year international research initiative proposed by the Chinese National Committee for Future Earth. It is also an important theme for adapting and responding to global environmental change. Aiming at a thorough examination of the implementation of ITGP in China, this paper presents its objectives, its three major areas, and their progress so far. It also identifies the key elements of its management and proposes new perspectives on managing green transformation. For instance, we introduce a case study on cement industry that shows the positive policy effects of reducing backward production capacity on PCDD/Fs emissions. Finally, to develop different transformation scenarios for a green future, we propose four strategies: 1) policy integration for promoting green industry, 2) system innovation and a multidisciplinary approach, 3) collaborative governance with all potential stakeholders, and 4) managing uncertainty, risks, and long-time horizons.
南北地震带滇西南地区地壳速度结构与构造研究:勐海-耿马-泸水深地震探测剖面结果

位于南北地震带南段的滇西南地区是中国地质构造运动和地震活动较为强烈的地区之一. 该区的地质构造背景和深部物理场特征研究是重要的基础科学问题. 2013年, 在滇西南地区完成了一条长600 km的勐海-耿马-泸水深地震宽角反射/折射和高分辨地震折射联合探测剖面, 利用获得11次爆破地震记录截面上6组清楚的壳内P波震相, 采用有限差分反演和射线走时正演拟合技术构建了该区的基底速度结构和地壳二维P波速度结构模型. 结果显示: 沿剖面地壳厚度由南向北逐渐加厚, 基底形态呈现出明显的横向起伏变化, 在南汀河断裂带附近, 基底结构呈现出凹、隆相间的变化形态, 基底埋深最浅处约为1.0 km, 在腾冲与澜沧附近, 基底埋深约为5.0 km. 该区中、下地壳速度总体呈现出随深度的增加而增大的变化特征, 在块体边界和断裂构造带的下方, 速度等值线出现明显紊乱和P波速度的突变.本区莫霍面深度由南向北逐渐加深, 且横向起伏变化较大, 莫霍面最浅处位于勐海附近, 其深度约为32.0 km, 最深处位于腾冲附近, 深约40.5 km. 在耿马与永德之间, 莫霍面出现快速上隆和下凹的明显变化, 其变化幅度约为4.0 km. 在南汀河断裂带、龙陵-瑞丽断裂、大盈江断裂和腾冲火山区的下方, 基底速度结构、地壳二维P速度结构、剖面平均速度分布和壳内界面展布还出现从基底至莫霍面顶部的明显变化, 显示出断裂构造带下方的地壳速度和介质物性与其两侧的地壳物质具有明显的差异, 暗示这些断裂不但具有一定的规模, 而且可能延伸至下地壳或上地幔顶部. 该区地震主要发生在10~20 km的深度范围内, 且地震活动呈现出与壳内介质速度差异、断裂带分布的相关性. 研究结果可为分析研究滇西南地区地震活动的深部构造背景、地震精确定位、构建发震构造模型等提供重要的壳幔结构数据, 为评价该区的地震危险性和防震减灾规划的制定提供重要参考.
江南东段朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿床的地质特征与成矿背景

江西朱溪白钨(铜)多金属矿是近年发现的一个特大型矿床, 发育在富含钨铜元素的新元古代泥砂质岩石基底之上, 产在燕山期花岗岩与石炭-二叠纪灰岩的接触带. 与矿化有关的花岗岩主要是等粒状、中-粗粒状花岗岩和花岗斑岩. 存在矽卡岩白钨(铜)矿和花岗岩白钨矿两种矿化类型, 前者规模大, 品位富, 后者规模小, 品位低. 在塔前-赋春盆地, 其NW边界呈逆断层、SE边界呈角度不整合与元古代基底接触, 而石炭-二叠纪多个岩组中灰岩的钨铜元素含量都很高. 矿区外围与矿区内花岗岩类的主量元素含量差别不大, 其A/CNK值均>1.1, 属富钾的强过铝质花岗岩. 在微量元素上, 矿区内花岗岩比外围花岗岩的d Eu值更小, 更具显著的Eu负异常, 富集Rb, U, Ta, Pb和Hf, 亏损Ba, Ce, Sr, La和Ti, 属于演化程度更高的高分异S型花岗岩. 受流体作用的影响, 矿区内岩体硫化物矿化明显, SO_3平均含量0.2%. 和外围岩体相比, 矿区内花岗岩d Eu和稀土总量均偏低, 暗示外围与矿区花岗岩具有一定演化继承关系. 外围与矿区岩体中的锆石U-Pb年龄为152~148 Ma. 通过花岗岩中原位锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析, 计算得到的eHf(t)值均为负值, 多数在-6~-9之间, T_(DM2)值集中在1.50~1.88 Ga(峰值1.75 Ga), 表明花岗质岩浆来自古老地壳物质的部分熔融. 本文还从地层中和含矿岩体中的矿质含量、热液蚀变、控矿构造等方面对其成矿、控矿条件进行了讨论, 提出朱溪矿床经历了花岗岩浆斜向侵位、矽卡岩矿化、降温蚀变、硫化物金属沉淀等多阶段演化的认识, 总结出该矿床“东铜西钨、铜浅钨深、早钨晚铜”的成矿规律.
高血压控制需要落实5个处方

中国心脏康复提出的5个处方:药物、运动、营养、心理(含睡眠)和戒烟限酒,同样适用于高血压的治疗和控制。大多数高血压患者需要长期服用抗高血压药物,药物处方包括3项内容:①个体化选择抗高血压药物类别和滴定剂量,降血压达标。②药物相互作用和不良反应的管理。高血压患者尤其老年患者常并存其他、甚至多种疾病,药物的相互作用有可能影响抗高血压药物的疗效,也可能引发或加重药物的不良反应,需主动管理,及早发现,及时处理,避免严重后果。③提高服药依从性。目前高血压患者药物处方的落实远远不够得力。高血压的治疗控制绝不限于药物,必须加强生活方式治疗,即其他4个处方。如果生活方式治疗不到位,难以更好实现抗高血压药物的降压效果,可能盲目增多药物品种,增大药物剂量,增加药物不良反应的风险和医疗成本,并且可能使难治性高血压诊断扩大化,导致尚不成熟的肾动脉交感神经射频消融术的过度使用,甚至滥用。
Model and method of permeability evaluation based on mud invasion effects

The evaluation of permeability in reservoir assessment is a complex problem. Thus, it is diffi cult to perform direct evaluation permeability with conventional well-logging methods. Considering that reservoir permeability signifi cantly affects mud invasion during drilling, we derive a mathematical model to assess the reservoir permeability based on mud invasion. A numerical model is fi rst used to simulate the process of mud invasion and mud cake growth. Then, based on Darcy’s law, an approximation is derived to associate the depth of mud invasion with reservoir permeability. A mathematical model is constructed to evaluate the reservoir permeability as a function of the mud invasion depth in time-lapse logging. Sensitivity analyses of the reservoir porosity, permeability, and water saturation are performed, and the results suggest that the proposed model and method are well suited for oil layers or oil–water layers of low porosity and low permeability. Numerical simulations using fi eld logging and coring data suggest that the evaluated and assumed permeability data agree, validating the proposed model and method.
Fracture identifi cation based on remote detection acoustic refl ection logging

Fracture identification is important for the evaluation of carbonate reservoirs. However, conventional logging equipment has small depth of investigation and cannot detect rock fractures more than three meters away from the borehole. Remote acoustic logging uses phase-controlled array-transmitting and long sound probes that increase the depth of investigation. The interpretation of logging data with respect to fractures is typically guided by practical experience rather than theory and is often ambiguous. We use remote acoustic reflection logging data and high-order finite-difference approximations in the forward modeling and prestack reverse-time migration to image fractures. First, we perform forward modeling of the fracture responses as a function of the fracture–borehole wall distance, aperture, and dip angle. Second, we extract the energy intensity within the imaging area to determine whether the fracture can be identifi ed as the formation velocity is varied. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the fracture–borehole distance, fracture aperture, and dip angle on fracture identifi cation.
Review of the 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS2014) -Advanced Machine Systems, Superior Drive Control and Cleaner Power Energies for a Better Future World

The 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS2014) was successfully held in Hangzhou, China on October 22~25, 2014. It was sponsored by the China Electrotechnical Society (CES), co-sponsored by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan-Industry Applications Society (IEEJIAS), the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (KIEE) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and also technically co-sponsored by the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IEEE-IAS). It was organized by Zhejiang University (ZJU).
Discrete element modeling on the crack evolution behavior of brittle sandstone containing three fissures under uniaxial compression

Based on experimental results of brittle, intact sandstone under uniaxial compression, the micro-parameters were firstly confirmed by adopting particle flow code (PFC~(2D)). Then, the validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the experimental results of brittle sandstone containing three parallel fissures under uniaxial compression. The simulated results agreed very well with the experimental results, including the peak strength, peak axial strain, and ultimate failure mode. Using the same microparameters, the numerical models containing a newgeometry of three fissures are constructed to investigate the fissure angle on the fracture mechanical behavior of brittle sandstone under uniaxial compression. The strength and deformation parameters of brittle sandstone containing new three fissures are dependent to the fissure angle.With the increase of the fissure angle, the elastic modulus, the crack damage threshold, and the peak strength of brittle sandstone containing three fissures firstly increase and secondly decrease. But the peak axial strain is nonlinearly related to the fissure angle. In the entire process of deformation, the crack initiation and propagation behavior of brittle sandstone containing three fissures under uniaxial compression are investigated with respect to the fissure angle. Six different crack coalescence modes are identified for brittle sandstone containing three fissures under uniaxial compression. The influence of the fissure angle on the length of crack propagation and crack coalescence stress is evaluated. These investigated conclusions are very important for ensuring the stability and safety of rock engineering with intermittent structures.
An experimental study on seepage behavior of sandstone material with different gas pressures

The seepage evolution characteristic of brittle rock materials is very significant for the stability and safety of rock engineering. In this research, a series of conventional triaxial compression and gas seepage tests were carried out on sandstone specimens with a rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between permeability and deformation is firstly analyzed in detail. The results show that the permeability-axial strain curve can be divided into the following five phases: the phase of micro-defects closure, the phase of linear elastic deformation, the phase of nonlinear deformation, the phase of post-peak stress softening and the phase of residual strength. The seepage evolution characteristic is also closely correlated with the volumetric deformation according to the relationship between permeability and volumetric strain. It is found that the gas seepage pressure has a great effect on the permeability evolution, i.e. permeability coefficients increase with increasing gas seepage pressures. Finally, the influence of gas seepage pressures on the failure behavior of brittle sandstone specimens is discussed.
脉博指示连续心排量监测在脓毒症休克患儿护理中的应用

对PICU中25例脓毒症休克患儿进行脉搏指示连续心排量监测(PICCO),并给予从导管到心理护理等全方面的护理措施。25例患儿均病情好转出院。提示对于脓毒症休克的患儿,应及早使用PICCO并做好导管护理及数值测量等,可更准确直接地提供患儿循环系统各项指标,更好地指导临床用药,提高危重患儿的抢救成功率。
Significant wave height estimation using azimuth cutoff of C-band RADARSAT-2 single-polarization SAR images

This paper proposes two simple models, look-up table (LUT) model and empirical model, to directly retrieve significant wave height (H_s) using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) azimuth cutoff (λ_c). Both models aim at C-band VV, HH, VH, and HV single-polarization SAR images. The LUT model relates H_s to λ_c, while the empirical model relates H_s to both λ_c and SAR range-to-velocity (β). The LUT model coefficients are derived by simulation under different sea states and observation conditions, which depend on incidence angle (θ), wave direction (d_w), and β but are independent of polarization. The empirical model coefficients are obtained by fitting the collocated data, which only depend on polarization. To fit empirical model coefficients and validate the two models, C-band RADARSAT-2 fine quad-polarization (VV+HH+VH+HV) single-look complex (SLC) SAR images and collocated buoy data are collected. Retrieved H_s, using Yang model and the two models proposed in this paper from four kinds of polarization SAR data, are compared with buoy H_s. Results show that both LUT and empirical models have the capacity of retrieving H_s from C-band RADARSAT-2 co-polarization SAR data, while Yang model is not suitable for these kinds of SAR data. Moreover, the empirical model is also valid for cross-polarization SAR data showing clear ocean wave stripes.
Roles of initial ocean states on predicting the 2002/03 central Pacific El Nino

The 2002/03 El Nino event, a new type of El Nino with maximum warm anomaly occurring in the central equatorial Pacific, is known as central-Pacific (CP) El Nino. In this study, on the basis of an El Nino prediction system, roles of the initial ocean surface and subsurface states on predicting the 2002/03 CP El Nino event are investigated to determine conditions favorable for predicting El Nino growth and are isolated in three sets of hindcast experiments. The hindcast is initialized through assimilation of only the sea surface temperature (SST) observations to optimize the initial surface condition (Assim_SST), only the sea level (SL) data to update the initial subsurface state (Assim_SL), or both the SST and SL data (Assim_SST+SL). Results highlight that the hindcasts with three different initial states all can successfully predict the 2002/03 El Nino event one year in advance and that the Assim_SST+SL hindcast performs best. A comparison between the various sets of hindcast results further demonstrates that successful prediction is significantly affected by both of the initial surface and subsurface conditions, but in different developing phases of the 2002/03 El Nino event. The accurate initial surface state can easier trigger the prediction of the 2002/03 El Nino, whereas a more reasonable initial subsurface state can contribute to improving the prediction in the growth of the warm event.
Optimization of stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives

Fishery-independent surveys are often used for collecting high quality biological and ecological data to support fisheries management. A careful optimization of fishery-independent survey design is necessary to improve the precision of survey estimates with cost-effective sampling efforts. We developed a simulation approach to evaluate and optimize the stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple goals including estimation of abundance indices of individual species and species diversity indices. We compared the performances of the sampling designs with different stratification schemes for different goals over different months. Gains in precision of survey estimates from the stratification schemes were acquired compared to simple random sampling design for most indices. The stratification scheme with five strata performed the best. This study showed that the loss of precision of survey estimates due to the reduction of sampling efforts could be compensated by improved stratification schemes, which would reduce the cost and negative impacts of survey trawling on those species with low abundance in the fishery-independent survey. This study also suggests that optimization of a survey design differed with different survey objectives. A post-survey analysis can improve the stratification scheme of fishery-independent survey designs.
A numerical investigation into the long-term behaviors of Fukushima-derived ~(137)Cs in the ocean

The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 released large amounts of radionuclides, including ~(137)Cs, into the Pacific Ocean. A quasi-global ocean radioactive transport model with horizontal grid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° and 21 vertical layers was thereafter established to study the long-term transport of the Fukushima-derived ~(137)Cs in the ocean. The simulation shows that the plume of ~(137)Cs would be rapidly transported eastward alongside the Kuroshio Current and its extensions. Contaminated waters with concentrations lower than 2 Bq/m~3 would reach the west coast of North America 4 or 5 years after the accident. The ~(137)Cs tends to be carried, despite its very low concentration, into the Indian and South Pacific Oceans by 2016 via various branches of ocean currents. Meanwhile, the ~(137)Cs concentrations in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean decrease rapidly with time. Up to now the highly contaminated waters have remained in the upper 400 m, showing no evidence of significant penetration to deeper layers.
Transmission of 200 Tb/s (375 × 3 × 178.125 Gb/s) PDM-DFTS-OFDM-32QAM super channel over lkm FMF

A few-mode fiber (FMF) is designed to support three spatial modes (LP_(01), LP_(11a), and LP_(11b)) and fabricated through plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)and rod-in-tube (RIT) method. Using PDM-DFTS-OFDM-32QAM modulation, wavelength division multiplexing, mode multiplexing, and coherent detection, we successfully demonstrated 200 Tb/s (375 x 3 x 178.125 Gb/s) signal over 1 km FMF using C and L bands with 25 GHz channel spacing. After 1 km FMF transmission, all the tested bit error rates (BERs) are below 20% forward error correction (FEC) threshold (2.0 x 10~(-2)). Within each sub-channel, we achieved a spectral efficiency of 21.375 bits/Hz in the C and L bands.
Compound graph based hybrid data center topologies

In large-scale data centers, many servers are interconnected via a dedicated networking structure, so as to satisfy specific design goals, such as the low equipment cost, the high network capacity, and the incremental expansion. The topological properties of a networking structure are critical factors that dominate the performance of the entire data center. The existing networking structures are either fully random or completely structured. Although such networking structures exhibit advantages on given aspects, they suffer obvious shortcomings in other essential fields. In this paper, we aim to design a hybrid topology, called R3,which is the compound graph of structured and random topology. It employs random regular graph as a unit cluster and connects many such clusters by means of a structured topology, i.e., the generalized hypercube. Consequently, the hybrid topology combines the advantages of structured as well as random topologies seamlessly. Meanwhile, a coloring-based algorithm is proposed for R3 to enable fast and accurate routing. R3 possesses many attractive characteristics, such as the modularity and expansibility at the cost of only increasing the degree of any node by one. Comprehensive evaluation results show that our hybrid topology possesses excellent topology properties and network performance.
An enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system based on fuzzy-set approach:II. Model validation and application

Part I of this study develops an enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system (EMMS) based on fuzzy-set approach. Once the model development is complete, the composite module and the entire modeling system need to be tested and validated to ensure that the model can simulate natural phenomena with reasonable and reliable accuracy. The developed EMMS is first tested in a complete case study. And then verification results are conducted to compare with extensively researched literature data. In the third step, the data from an experimental landfill site is used for a pilot-scale validation. The comparisons between EMMS outputs and the literature data indicate that the EMMS can perform accurate modeling simulation. The modules of EMMS could support the entire environmental multimedia modeling system. Further field-scale validation is finished. The results are satisfactory. Most of the modeling yields closely match the monitoring data collected from sites. In addition, with the aid of fuzzy-set approach, EMMS can be a reliable and powerful tool to address the complex environmental multimedia pollution problems and provide an extensive support for decision makers in managing the contaminated environmental systems.
Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of air pollution control

Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE) to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM_(2.5). The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than US$334 billion of economic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.
Orderly decorated nanostructural photoelectrodes with uniform spherical TiO_2 particles for dye-sensitized solar cells

This study presents a novel nanostructural electrode made of 20-nm-diameter nanoparticles, which orderly decorated with 2-μm TiO_2 particles, deposited by a new gel process. The decorated electrode (DE) is better than the non-decorated electrode (NE) in both light scattering and light harvesting, as confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction reveals that both electrodes have a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on the decorated electrode shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.80% as a result of less recombination demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. From internal power conversion efficiency measurement, the external quantum efficiency of DE cell at 530 nm is 89%, which is higher than that of NE cell (77%).
产后两侧肛提肌张力失衡致压力性尿失禁

该病例选自中华预防医学会妇女保健分会盆底学组秦皇岛疑难病例讨论会。中华预防医学会妇女保健分会盆底学组组长,中华医学会妇产科分会女性盆底学组组长,中国医学科学院北京协和医院朱兰教授主持讨论。