mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Industrial Agglomeration Externalities, City Size, and Regional Economic Development: Empirical Research Based on Dynamic Panel Data of 283 Cities and GMM Method

Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.
Spatial Patterns of Irrigation Water Withdrawals in China and Implications for Water Saving

By considering numerical features, spatial variation, and spatial association, the spatial patterns of China’s irrigation water withdrawals in 2001 and 2010 were explored at the regional, provincial, and prefectural scales. In addition, an overlay analysis was used to develop specific water-saving guidance for areas under different levels of water stress and with different degrees of irrigation water withdrawals. It was found that at the regional scale, irrigation water withdrawals were highest in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River region in both years, while at the provincial scale, the largest irrigation water withdrawals occurred in Xinjiang. During 2001–2010, the total of irrigation water withdrawals decreased; however, in the Northeast region, especially in Heilongjiang Province, it experienced a dramatic increase. The spatial variation was largest at the prefectural scale, with an apparent effect. The spatial association was globally negative at the provincial scale, and Xinjiang was the only significant high-low outlier. In contrast, the association displayed a significant positive relationship at the prefectural scale, and several clusters and outliers were detected. Finally, it was found that the water stress in the northern part of China worsened and water-saving irrigation techniques urgently need to be applied in the Northeast region, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region, and Gansu-Xinjiang region. This study verified that a multi-scale and aspect analysis of the spatial patterns of irrigation water withdrawals were essential and provided water-saving advice for different areas.
反相高效液相色谱法测定精制冠心颗粒中7种有效成分的含量

精制冠心颗粒是由丹参、川芎、赤芍、红花、降香等5味中药材组成的复方制剂,具有活血化瘀,通脉行气等功效。方中君药丹参的主要有效成分有丹参素、丹酚酸和原儿茶醛等,臣药赤芍的主要成分为芍药苷,川芎的主要成分为阿魏酸、川芎嗪等,红花的主要成分为羟基红花黄色素A。有关冠心颗粒中有效成分的含量测定已有报道,但其中7种有效成分的同时测定鲜见报道。本工作采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)同时测定精制冠心颗粒中7种有效成分的含量,以期对其质量控制提供参考。
A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas: A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace

Airports are being developed and expanded rapidly in China to accommodate and promote a growing aviation market. The future Beijing Daxing International Airport (DAX) will serve as the central airport of the JingJinJi megaregion, knitting the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei regions together. DAX will be a busy airport from its inception, relieving congestion and accommodating growth from Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), currently the second busiest airport in the world in passengers moved. We aim to model terminal airspace designs and possible conflicts in the future Beijing Multi-Airport System (MAS). We investigate standard arrival procedures and mathematically model current and future arrival trajectories into PEK and DAX by collecting large quantities of publicly available track data from historical arrivals operating within the Beijing terminal airspace. We find that (1) trajectory models constructed from real data capture aberrations and deviations from standard arrival procedures, validating the need to incorporate data on historical trajectories with standard procedures when evaluating the airspace and (2) given all existing constraints, DAX may be restricted to using north and east arrival flows, constraining the capacity required to handle the increases in air traffic demand to Beijing. The results indicate that the terminal airspace above Beijing, and the future JingJinJi region, requires careful consideration if the full capacity benefits of the two major airports are to be realized.
走进未知的科学前沿:全麻机制研究进展与思考

1846年全麻药物首次公开应用于临床,从而拉开了现代外科学发展的序幕,并与无菌术和输血技术一起推动了现代医学的进步。2015年《The Lancet》报道数据显示,全球每年完成超过3亿例手术及麻醉,其中多数患者都会使用全麻药物。随着医学的发展,麻醉药物在无痛胃肠镜等临床检查术及内科介入治疗方面的应用也越来越广泛。而近十年来,与麻醉相关的问题,如术后认知功能障碍、儿童术后学习记忆缺陷等引起了国际医学界的深切关注。这些临床问题的解决,必须解答一个重要的科学问题:全麻药物是如何产生作用,实现可逆性的意识消失与恢复的?更为重要的是,认识全麻药物的作用特点并阐明其核心机制不仅决定麻醉药物发展的未来,也对理解和阐明认知、意识等复杂神经活动的机制产生深远影响。正因如此,《Science》杂志在其创刊125周年之际,将"How do general anesthetics work?"这一问题列为全世界"125个尚待解答的重大科学问题"之一。并进一步指出,如何理解全麻药物引起意识消失的机制是问题的核心与难点。近几十年来,全麻药物作用机制的研究虽然取得了一些进展,但这其中一些核心问题的回答尚存在巨大争议,谜底的揭开尚待时日。
Boundedness in Asymmetric Quasi-periodic Oscillations

In the paper, by applying the method of main integration, we show the boundedness of the quasi-periodic second order differential equation $x'' + a{x^ + } - b{x^ - } + \phi \left( x \right) = p\left( t \right)$, where $a \ne b$ are two positive constants and $\phi \left( s \right)$, $p\left( t \right)$ are real analytic functions. Moreover, the $p\left( t \right)$ is quasi-periodic coefficient, whose frequency vectors are Diophantine. The results we obtained also imply that, under some conditions, the quasi-periodic oscillator has the Lagrange stability.
早期乳腺癌的影像学筛查现状与进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见、最多发的恶性肿瘤,严重威胁着女性的身心健康和生活质量。当前,随着各种影像技术的发展,超声检查和乳腺X线摄影已成为早期乳腺癌的基本筛查手段,另有 MRI、CT以及乳腺热层析扫描,均有效提高了乳腺癌的早期诊断率。目前,这些手段都已应用于乳腺癌的筛查、诊断、治疗和随访。因此,综合应用以上各种影像学检查方法必将成为乳腺癌早期筛查的主要发展趋势。笔者将系统分析以上各种筛查方法的应用现状与进展,为早期乳腺癌的甄辨提供合理的个体化筛查方案。
Applicability of Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube for Fish Waste Removal from Fish Cages in Sanggou Bay, P. R. China

The present study investigated the applicability of integrated polychaete-fish culture for fish waste removal to offset negative impact induced by organic benthic enrichment. A field study demonstrated that deposition rate was significantly higher underneath the fish farm than that in control area. The material settling under the farm was characterized by a high amount of fish feces(45%) and uneaten feed (27%). Both feeding rate (FR) and apparent digestibility rate (ADR) increased with decreasing body weight, as was indicated by significantly a higher rate observed for the groups containing smaller individuals in a lab study. The nutrient in fresh deposited material (De) was higher than that in sediments collected under the farm (Se), resulting in lower feces production but higher apparent digestibility rate for the De group as feeding rate was similar. Consequently, higher nutrient removal efficiency was observed in the De group. A mass balance approach indicated that approximately 400-500 individuals m-2 is required for removing all waste materials deposited underneath the fish farm, whereas abundance can be lower (about 300-350 individuals m-2) when only the fish waste needs to be removed. The results showed that a significant amount of waste had been accumulated in the fish cages in Sanggou Bay. The integration of fish with P. aibuhitensis seems promising for preventing organic pollution in the sediment and therefore is an effective strategy for mitigating negative effect of fish farms. Thus such integration can become a new IMTA (integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) model in Sanggou Bay.
Geochemical Features of Trace and Rare Earth Elements of Pumice in Middle Okinawa Trough and Its Indication of Magmatic Process

Pumice, the most widely distributed volcanic rock in Okinawa Trough, is loose and porous. Since its formation, it has definitely suffered from the denudation of the sea to different degrees. In order to truly reveal the geochemical features of pumice, we choose the method of mineral separation. Firstly, the phenocryst is separated from glass. Then the phenocryst is divided into light and heavy mineral compositions. By ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analytical technology, the contents of trace and rare earth elements in the whole pumice, the glass and the heavy and light mineral compositions are determined respectively. By researching the elemental geochemical features, the magma dynamic processes are found. It shows that the initial magma for the pumice in Okinawa Trough came from the depleted mantle, from which the N-MORB (normal type of mid-ocean ridge basalt) is formed, homologous with the local basalts. But they are formed in different periods of magma crystal fractionation. Featured with sufficient crystal fractionation for pumice, it is found that the earlier crystallizing minerals are olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene. The pumice magma, formed from the depleted mantle, was mixed with additional subduction-related materials (components), and contaminated with the mass from upper crust when it rose up into the crust. As the Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin in its early back-arc spreading stage, its magmatism has a series of its own unique characteristics, different from not only the mid-ocean ridge expansion, but also the mature back-arc basin.
Expression Characteristics of Odf3 in Gonad Are Different Between Chlamys farreri and Vertebrates

Outer dense fibers are specific subcellular components of mammal sperm flagella,apart from the axoneme and its associated proteins. As one of the outer dense fibers components, ODF3 is essential for the formation of mammal sperm flagella. In the present study, we isolated the Odf3 gene, 1033 bp in length, from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri, which was named as Cf-Odf3. It was predicted that Cf-Odf3 encodes a protein of 240 amino acids which contains 5 discontinuous Pro-Gly-Pro repeats. The Cf-Odf3 transcripts were detected in both testis and ovary of C. farreri at various stages through qRT-PCR. The Cf.ODF3 protein synthesized by prokaryotes was purified using Ni~(2+)-NTA affinity chromatography and used to produce its polyclonal antibody. The antibody product was effective and specific as was examined by Western blotting. The Cf-Odf3 transcript and Cf.ODF3 protein were located in intragonadal somatic cells (ISCs), spermatogonia and spermatocytes of C. farreri testes, while no transcription of Cf-Odf3 and synthesis of Cf-ODF3 were detected in spermatids and spermatozoa. The location of Odf3 expression is different from that of vertebrates where ODF3 is synthesized specifically in spermatids and sperm flagella. Moreover, the Cf-Odf3 expression was also detected in ISCs, oogonia and oocytes of the scallop ovaries. Our finding revealed a different characteristic of Odf3 expression between scallop and vertebrates, which implied that Cf-Odf3 played a role in the gametogenesis of C. farreri.
Analysis of DNA Methylation Level by Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism in Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) Subjected to Salinity Stress

Increasingly arisen environmental constraints may contribute to heritable phenotypic variation including methylation changes, which can help the animals with development, growth and survival. In this study, we assessed the DNA methylation levels in three tissues (gonad, kidney and gill) of half smooth tongue sole under the salinity stress. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was applied to illustrate the regulation of epigenetic mechanism in environmental stimuli. Fish were subjected to 15 salinity treatment for 7 and 60 days, respectively. A total of 11259 fragments were amplified with 8 pairs of selective primers. The levels of methylated DNA in different tissues of females and males without salinity stress were analyzed, which were 32.76% and 47.32% in gonad; 38.13% and 37.69% in kidney; 37.58% and 34.96% in gill, respectively. In addition, the significant difference was observed in gonad between females and males, indicating that discrepant regulation in gonadal development and differentiation may involve sex-related genes. Further analysis showed that total and hemi-methylation were significantly decreased under 15 salinity for 7 days, probably resulting in up-regulating salt-tolerance genes expression to adjust salt changing. With the adjustment for 60 days, total and hemi-methylation prominently went back to its normal levels to obtain equilibrium. Particularly, full methylation levels were steady along with salinity stress to maintain the stability of gene expression. Additionally, the data showed that gonads in females and gills in males were superior in adaptability. As a result, DNA methylation regulates tissue-specific epiloci, and may respond to salinity stress by regulating gene expression to maintain animal survival and activity.
肝移植治疗血管肉瘤的应用价值探讨:附2例病例报道

肝血管肉瘤临床较为罕见,手术切除等治疗效果较差.随着国内肝移植手术技术的不断成熟,本院2006年7月至2010年1月对2例肝血管肉瘤患者成功实施了原位肝移植手术.这2例分别是肝血管肉瘤行肝肿瘤切除术后肝内复发和肝移植术后新发肝脏血管肉瘤患者.现将2例病例报道如下.
剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的诊治进展

人民卫生出版社出版的第8版《妇产科学》教材中“剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠” (cesarean scar pregnancy, CSP)是指有剖宫产史孕妇,胚胎着床于子宫下段剖宫产切口瘢痕处,是一种特殊部位的异位妊娠,为剖宫产的远期并发症之一。如不及时诊治,大部分CSP患者可能出现大出血等严重并发症,甚至危及生命,近年以来CSP的诊治已受到妇产科同仁的一致重视,本文就CSP的诊治进展进行讨论。
外科治疗成人Morgagni疝5例

Morgagni疝疝囊相对较小,易发生嵌顿、绞窄,导致肠穿孔、肠坏死,甚至危及生命,一经确诊,应立即手术治疗。对于难以排除的肿块阴影,亦应探查。手术多经腹进行,肋下、上腹正中、旁正中切开均能完成手术。上腹正中切口是疝修补术的最佳入路,手术创伤小,并发症相对少,疝内容物容易还纳,脏器出现损伤或肠坏死时容易处理。经胸手术指征为:(1)诊断不明确或不能排除纵隔肿瘤者;(2)疝内容物较多、与胸腔粘连较重,经腹手术难以将疝内容物还纳者。亦可经腹腔镜完成手术。无论采取何种手术入路,都要动作轻柔,将疝内容物复位时尽量避免损伤疝内脏器。无论经胸或经腹,首先应探查疝内容物有无缺血坏死,坏死脏器应予以处理。若缺损面积较小,可游离边缘,直接关闭缺损部位。若缺损较大,直接缝合张力大时,应采用人工补片修补。术后进行胃肠减压,预防腹腔内压增大导致膈疝再次发生。Morgagni疝术后并发症较多,肺部感染、肺不张常见,术后鼓励患者咳嗽、排痰,促进肺复张。该病手术不复杂,术后能否顺利恢复,很大程度决定于术后护理及管理。
Comparison between the electrocoagulation and the intraluminal filament technique in making the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion of the mouse

Objective: Cell transplantation is a promising strategy to treat cerebral ischemia. Here,outcomes of electrocoagulation and the intraluminal filament techniques were judged in order to find more feasible technique in modeling of cerebral ischemia in mice with purpose of evaluating effectiveness of cell therapy. Methods : The electrocoagulation and the intraluminal filament technique were applied to develop the model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. And triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of brain slices and behavior evaluation of animals were performed. Results : The electrocoagulation produced invariable ischemia in the cerebral cortex, while the intraluminal filament technique resulted in fewer survivals and variable ischemia. Scores of corner test and cylinder test in model mice with electrocoagulation statistically changed compared to those from sham animals. Conclusion : The electrocoagulation technique holds excellent feasibility to make model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, especially with purpose of judging the outcomes of cell transplantation.
X连锁遗传糖原累积病IXa一例

讨论糖原累积病是一组糖原代谢异常的隐性遗传病。根据所缺乏的酶的不同可分为12种亚型,糖原累积病的发病率为1/2万~ 1/4.3万活产婴儿。其中I、Ⅲ、IV、VI、 IX型以肝脏病变为主,称为肝糖原累积病,其临床表现为肝大、空腹低血糖、高乳酸血症、高甘油三酯血症等。糖原累积病Ⅸ是由于缺乏磷酸化酶b激酶所致,磷酸化酶b激酶在糖原分解成葡萄糖起关键性调节作用。磷酸化酶b激酶缺乏所致的糖原累积病Ⅸ占糖原累积病的25%,发生率为活产婴儿1/10万。本例患儿以肝脏肿大、肝功能异常、空腹低血糖、高甘油三酯血症、高尿酸血症为主要表现,临床拟诊糖原累积病,可行肝穿刺检查或糖原累积病基因分析。肝穿刺检查可能发生肝脏出血的并发症,目前逐渐被糖原累积病的基因分析所取代。1966年文献报道了第1例磷酸化酶b激酶缺陷病例。磷酸化酶b激酶含有4个亚单位,分别由PHKA1或PHKA2、PHKB和PHKG2所编码。PHKA2(Xp22.1)突变可以引起肝糖原累积病Ⅸa (OMIM 306000)。目前为止已报道PHKA2编码区91种以上的突变类型(人类基因突变数据库;http://www. hgmd. cf. ac. uk)。本例患儿c.883C > T突变导致氨基酸改变p. R295C,为致病突变(HGMD ID CM034260 ) 。该突变是日本学者Ban等2003年首次报道。糖原累积病Ⅸa临床过程通常是良性的,生化指标的异常逐渐趋于正常,并于成人期症状消失,罕见出现肝纤维化、脾脏肿大和肝硬化。糖原累积病Ⅸ无需特异性治疗,但是富含碳水化合物及蛋白食物可以预防低血糖。夜间补充玉米淀粉可以延缓夜间低血糖发作。本例诊断明确后予口服玉米淀粉,未出现过低血糖发作,门诊长期随访肝功能和肝脏B超。总之,对于临床怀疑糖原累积病的患儿进行相关基因筛查,不仅可以早期诊断疾病,而且可以区分糖原累积病的亚型,有助于对疾病的预后的判断。
损伤性胆管狭窄的外科治疗

自1882年Carl Langenbuch教授成功实施了全球首例开腹胆囊切除术以后,医源性胆管损伤也就随之而来。目前,胆管损伤发生率波动于0.1%左右。随着1987年Philippe Mouret教授成功实施第一例腹腔镜胆囊切除术,开启了腹腔镜时代,腹腔镜胆囊切除术得到了广泛的开展,并成为当今胆囊切除术的“金标准”。在开展腹腔镜初期,国内外研究表明胆管损伤发生率较高,接近0.5%左右,但是随着腹腔镜技术逐渐成熟,腹腔镜胆囊切除术所致胆管损伤率有所下降,但仍维持于0.2%左右,高于开腹胆囊切除术。黄志强院士曾经说过,医源性胆管损伤是肝胆外科之痛。因为胆道损伤后所致的胆管良性狭窄可引起梗阻性黄疸,复发性胆管炎,并继发肝内胆管结石,胆汁性肝硬化、门静脉高压,甚至终末期胆道病,丧失手术机会。这是普通外科医生甚至肝胆外科的专科医生都无法回避的问题。目前外科手术治疗是损伤性胆管狭窄的主要治疗方式,但胆管损伤患者常接受了一次甚至数次的手术,致使解剖更加复杂,手术并发症率高,严重影响患者的预后。因此损伤性胆管狭窄是肝胆外科永恒的议题。
大剂量阿糖胞苷巩固治疗初治急性髓系白血病患者的疗效和安全性分析

急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的长期疗效在近20年得到了明显改善柔红霉素(DNR)或去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-C) (DA或IDA)方案(又称“3+7方案”)目前已经是公认的AML的标准诱导化疗方案。然而诱导后的最佳巩固治疗,目前尚无定论。-项随机对照研究证实4个疗程大剂量(HD)Ara-C(3g/m~2,每日2次,共3d)作为巩固治疗,患者的总体生存(OS)和无病生存(DFS)均优于400 mg/m~2 Ara-C和100 mg/m~2 Ara-C的巩固治疗组。因此,HD-Ara-C巳经成为国际上AML较为标准的一线巩固治疗方案。国内关于HD-Ara-C巩固治疗的研究较少。因此,我们回顾性分析我院使用HD-Ara-C方案作为巩同治疗的初治AML患者的安全性和长期疗效。
Effects of B addition on glass forming ability and thermal behavior of FePC-based bulk metallic glasses

The FePC-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been demonstrated to possess high plasticity and good soft magnetic properties. However, the relatively poor glass forming ability (GFA) and thermal stabilities limited their application in industries. The effects of microalloying with B in FePC-based BMGs on the GFA and thermal behaviors were systematically investigated. It was found that a small amount of B addition can dramatically enhance the GFA of FePC-based BMGs, which in turn leads to the critical maximum diameter up to 2 mm for full glass formation even using low cost raw materials. The underlying mechanism of the enhancement of GFA from the competing crystalline phase with amorphous phase, the average thermal expansion coefficient and dynamic viscosity were discussed in detail.
An Effective Indirect Trefftz Method for Solving Poisson Equation in 2D

In the solution domain, the inhomogeneous part of Poisson equation is approximated with the 5-order polynomial using Galerkin method, and the particular solution of the polynomial can be determined easily. Then, the solution of the Poisson equation is approximated by superposition of the particular solution and the T-complete functions related to the Laplace equation. Unknown parameters are determined by Galerkin method, so that the approximate solution is to satisfy the boundary conditions. Comparison with analogous results of others numerical method, the two calculating examples of the paper indicate that the accuracy of the method is very high, which also has a very fast convergence rate.
子宫内膜异位症患者种植窗期子宫内膜容受性的研究进展

胚胎的成功着床取决于子宫内膜容受性和胚胎的侵入能力,子宫内膜容受性是胚胎着床的关键因素,是指子宫内膜处于接受胚胎着床的特殊状态,允许胚胎黏附、穿透而诱导子宫间质发生一系列细胞及分子水平的改变,胚胎通过“母胎对话”植入于子宫内膜;这段时间称“种植窗期”,即正常女性月经周期的第20 ~ 24天,子宫内膜在此时表现出最大的容受性,提前或超过此期,胚胎着床都会失败,既有时间性,又有空间性,但至今机制不明。在临床上,子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者往往存在着不同程度的子宫内膜容受性下降,以及导致的着床失败或妊娠流产,如何提高内异症患者的子宫内膜容受性成为辅助生殖领域的难题之一。
The polarimetric features of oil spills in full polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images

Compared with single-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, full polarimetric SAR images contain not only geometrical and backward scattering characteristics, but also the polarization features of the scattering targets. Therefore, the polarimetric SAR has more advantages for oil spill detection on the sea surface. As a crucial step in the oil spill detection, a feature extraction directly influences the accuracy of oil spill discrimination. The polarimetric features of sea oil spills, such as polarimetric entropy, average scatter angle, in the full polarimetric SAR images are analyzed firstly. And a new polarimetric parameter P which reflects the proportion between Bragg and specular scattering signals is proposed. In order to investigate the capability of the polarimetric features for observing an oil spill, systematic comparisons and analyses of the multipolarization features are provided on the basis of the full polarimetric SAR images acquired by SIR-C/X-SAR and Radarsat-2. The experiment results show that in C-band SAR images the oil spills can be detected more easily than in L-band SAR images under low to moderate wind speed conditions. Moreover, it also finds that the new polarimetric parameter is sensitive to the sea surface scattering mechanisms. And the experiment results demonstrate that the new polarimetric parameter and pedestal height perform better than other polarimetric parameters for the oil spill detection in the C-band SAR images.
Effect of decarburization annealing temperature and time on the carbon content, microstructure, and texture of grain-oriented pure iron

In this study, the effect of decarburization annealing temperature and time on the carbon content, microstructure, and texture of grain-oriented pure iron was investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with electron-backscatter diffraction. The results showed that the efficiency of decarburization dramatically increased with increasing decarburization temperature. However, when the annealing temperature was increased to 825°C and 850°C, the steel’s carbon content remained essentially unchanged at 0.002%. With increasing decarburization time, the steel’s carbon content generally decreased. When both the decarburization temperature and time were increased further, the average grain size dramatically increased and the number of fine grains decreased; meanwhile, some relatively larger grains developed. The main texture types of the decarburized sheets were approximately the same: {001}<110> and {112~115}<110>, with a γ-fiber texture. Furthermore, little change was observed in the texture. Compared with the experimental sheets, the texture of the cold-rolled sheet was very scattered. The best average magnetic induction (B_(800)) among the final products was 1.946 T.