mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Casein kinase signaling in axon regeneration

Recent studies suggest that cell cycle pathways may contain therapeutic targets important for neurotrauma. An example of this is the finding that the vertebrate cell cycle exploits proteolysis pathways, yet these activities persist in fully differentiated cells that have exited the cell cycle such as neurons. We have known for some time that a ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) required for progression through the M and G1 phases of the cell cycle, is also active in fully differentiated neurons that are no longer dividing (Penas et al., 2011). Several studies demonstrated roles for APC/C in restraining neurite outgrowth in fully differentiated neurons (Stegmuller and Bonni, 2005). Depleting the APC/C activator Cdh1 increased neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule cells (Stegmuller and Bonni, 2005). Similarly, overexpression of nondegradable APC/C substrates such as SnoN and Id2 promoted neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule cells (Lasorella et al., 2006; Stegmuller et al., 2006). Interestingly, nondegradable Id2 overexpression increased axonal growth after spinal cord injury (Yu et al., 2011), suggesting that modulating protein levels by affecting degradation rates may be therapeutically attractive in preclinical models of neurotrauma.
纳米抗体应用的研究进展

纳米抗体是一种新型抗体,与普通抗体相比较特异性更高、亲和力以及结合抗原的能力更强。纳米抗体呈椭圆形、体积小,相对分子质量仅为单克隆抗体的1 /10。纳米抗体可用于肿瘤等疾病的治疗、疾病的检测、疫苗的研发等。本文主要从纳米抗体发展史、研究现状、纳米抗体作为治疗和诊断工具以及纳米抗体的新产品和生产方式进行阐述,为纳米抗体在畜牧兽医领域的应用提供一定的理论基础和借鉴。
单克隆抗体药物研究新进展

治疗性抗体作为一种具有独特优势的生物靶向药物,其临床疗效显著且占据着巨大的市场份额。抗体药物可谓是目前人类疾病治疗中发展最快的领域之一,仅在2014年度就有6个新品种上市。而诸如程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1) 、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF) 、枯草溶菌素转换酶9 (PCSK9)等新靶点的开发又将抗体药物拓展至更广阔的领域; 同时胞外偶联系统(EDC) 、蛋白水解活化性抗体(Probody)和糖基化抗体等技术的发展可弥补该类药物所存在的不足。探寻新型分子靶点,开发高效、无毒、低副作用的抗体仍是该领域努力的方向。本文从市场、靶点和技术三个层面概括了近年来抗体药物的新进展,并着重介绍其研发的新动向,旨在为同行提供一些新的借鉴与思路。
下调盘状结构域受体1(DDR1)基因抑制4T-1小鼠乳腺癌细胞的迁移

目的通过短发夹RNA(shRNA)下调小鼠盘状结构域受体1(DDR1)基因的表达,并观察DDR1下调后对4T-1小鼠乳腺癌细胞迁移的影响。方法针对鼠的DDR1基因设计并合成2对shRNA干涉序列连入pLKO. 1慢病毒表达载体中。测序正确后利用慢病毒包装系统包装表达shRNA的重组病毒,用获得的病毒感染4T-1细胞,用嘌呤霉素(puromycin)筛选并建立稳定细胞系。采用实时定量PCR和Western blot法确定DDR1基因的下调效果。利用Transwell~(TM)小室迁移实验观察DDR1下调后的4T-1细胞迁移能力的变化。结果经测序鉴定后,成功构建了慢病毒pLKO-shDDR1-1、pLKO-shDDR1-2以及阴性对照慢病毒pLKO-shNT。用重组病毒感染4T-1细胞,建立稳定细胞系,实时定量PCR和Western blot法结果表明DDR1基因的明显下调。Transwell~(TM)小室实验显示,与感染pLKO-shNT的对照细胞相比,感染pLKO-shDDR1-1和pLKO-shDDR1-2的细胞迁移能力明显降低。结论下调DDR1基因的表达可以抑制4T-1乳腺癌细胞的迁移。
人Six1基因缺失突变体对上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)启动子活性的影响

Sine oculis homeobox homolog (Six)基因为同源盒基因,最早发现于果蝇,是一种在多种生物中均有表达且高度保守的转录因子,不仅参与调控胚胎的正常发育和器官形成,还参与多种肿瘤的发生发展。胃癌细胞Six1高表达增加胃癌细胞的侵袭能力。在胰腺癌细胞中,Six1能够通过上调细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达促进胰腺癌细胞的增殖。Six1的过表达是结直肠癌的一个独立预后标志。上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)在肿瘤的发生与迁移过程中起着十分重要的作用,而上皮钙黏素(epithelial-cadherin, E-cadherin)和神经钙黏素(nerve-cadherin,N-cadherin)是EMT过程中的关键因子,在EMT中,常伴有E-cadherin的功能缺失。 Six1的过表达既能够下调上皮相关的基因,又能上调间质细胞相关的基因,即Six1的过表达能够引起EMT。Six1基因的表达产物是283个氨基酸的蛋白,其氨基酸序列的第125 ~ 183位为DNA结合结构域。本研究拟构建pCMV-2B-FLAG-Six1 (Δ125-183)真核表达质粒,并探讨当Six1的DNA结合结构域缺失时是否对E-cadherin启动子活性产生影响,为进一步研究Six1在E-cadherin调控EMT中的作用奠定基础。
A Comparative Analysis on Weibo and Twitter

Weibo is the Twitter counterpart in China that has attracted hundreds of millions of users. We crawled an almost complete Weibo user network that contains 222 million users and 27 billion links in 2013. This paper analyzes the structural properties of this network, and compares it with a Twitter user network. The topological properties we studied include the degree distributions, connected components, distance distributions, reciprocity, clustering coefficient, PageRank centrality, and degree assortativity. We find that Weibo users have a higher diversity index, higher Gini index, but a lower reciprocity and clustering coefficient for most of the nodes. A surprising observation is that the reciprocity of Weibo is only about a quarter of the reciprocity of the Twitter user network. We also show that Weibo adoption rate correlates with economic development positively, and Weibo network can be used to quantify the connections between provinces and regions in China. In particular, point-wise mutual information is shown to be accurate in quantifying the strength of connections. We developed an interactive analyzing software framework for this study, and released the data and code online.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced 6061Al Alloy Matrix Composites by an In Situ Synthesis Method Combined with Hot Extrusion Technique

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced 6061Al alloy matrix composites were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) combined with hot extrusion technique. During the preparation process, the 6061Al flakes obtained by ball milling of the 6061Al spherical powders were subjected to surface modification to introduce a hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane on their surface (6061Al@PVA) to bond strongly with nickel acetate [Ni(II)]. Then the 6061Al@PVA flakes bonded with Ni(II) were calcined and reduced to Ni nanoparticles, which were then heat-treated at 580 °C to remove PVA for obtaining even Ni/6061Al catalyst. After that, the as-obtained Ni/6061Al catalyst was employed to synthesize CNTs on the surface of the 6061Al flakes by CVD. After hot extrusion of the CNT/6061Al composite powders, the as-obtained CNT/6061Al bulk composites with 2.26 wt% CNTs exhibited 135% increase in yield strength and 84.5% increase in tensile strength compared to pristine 6061Al matrix.
武汉市社区人群结核病防治核心知识知晓情况及影响因素分析

目的了解武汉市社区居民的结核病防治核心知识知晓现状及其影响因素,为更好地开展社区结核病健康教育工作提供参考数据。方法随机整群抽取武汉市2社区内的2751名居民,进行面对面询问式问卷调查。结果获得有效问卷2515份,对5条结核病防治核心知识的总知晓率为73.0%,对每条核心知识(“传播途径”、“症状”、“求医地点”、“国家免费政策”、“疗效”)的知晓率依次分别为83.0%、82.5%、82.1%、49.9%、67.6%。经多因素logistic回归分析,筛选出影响总知晓率的主要因素为文化程度和职业类型,“小学及以下”及非“专业技术及管理人员”的知晓率明显偏低(P < 0.01) 。结论社区居民对结核病防治知识的认知仍存在漏洞,应加强对国家免费政策及治疗疗效方面的信息传播,并以文化程度低、非专业技术及管理人员为重点健康教育对象。
UC/DC luminescence of Ho~(3+) doped pyrochlore structured La_(2(1-x))Yb_(2x)TiO_5 phosphor synthesized by sol-gel method

Ho~(3+) doped La_(2(1-x))Yb_(2x)TiO_5 samples were prepared by sol-gel method. Pyrochlore structured powders were obtained under the annealing of the as-prepared samples at 1100 °C for 3 h in the air. All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescent spectroscopy. When x=0, we obtained La_2TiO_5 phosphors. Monitored at 546 nm, the excitation spectrum of Ho~(3+) activated La_2TiO_5 phosphors consisted of a broad band originating from the charge-transfer band (CTB) between Ho~(3+) ions and the nearest neighboring O~(2-) ions at 250-280 nm and four sharp bands associated to f-f transitions of Ho~(3+) ions at 350-500 nm. Under the blue light excitation at 461 nm, Ho~(3+) ion in La_2TiO_5 emitted an intense green emission band at 546 nm due to the transition of ~5S_2, ~5F_4→~5I_8. Two intense bands were observed at 490 nm (blue, ~5F_3→I_8) and 663 nm (red, ~5F_5→~5I_8) in the up-conversion (UC) spectrum under 980 nm NIR laser excitation in La_2TiO_5 phosphors activated with Ho~(3+) alone, whereas they were much different from the down-conversion (DC) luminescent samples. When x=7.5 mol.%-17.5 mol.%, the UC emission spectra of them dominated at 546 nm (green, ~5S_2,~5F_4→~5I_8) and enhanced significantly with the dose of Yb~(3+) ion. The decay curve also confirmed that the transitions of ~5F_4→~5I_8 and ~5S_2→~5I_8 were merged into one emission band at 546 nm.
臂丛神经改良切口全程松解术患者的术后护理

目的总结胸廓出口综合征行改良切口全程松解术患者的术后护理经验。方法对77侧胸廓出口综合征患者行改良切口全程松解术后患者,给予周密细致的体位护理、生活护理、疼痛护理,严密观察并发症,做好常规及专科护理,重视康复训练指导。结果患者手术均顺利,术后48h症状明显改善者68例,3例改善不明显,1例自觉症状加重。手术切口均一期愈合,无1例感染。患者平均住院11.8d。6个月有效随访49侧,功能优良率为87.76%。结论实施全面、系统的术后护理,注重心理护理及康复指导护理,可减少并发症的发生,保证手术效果。
Utilizing Probabilistic Linear Equations in Cube Attacks

Cube attacks, proposed by Dinur and Shamir at EUROCRYPT 2009, have shown huge power against stream ciphers. In the original cube attacks, a linear system of secret key bits is exploited for key recovery attacks. However, we find a number of equations claimed linear in previous literature actually nonlinear and not fit into the theoretical framework of cube attacks. Moreover, cube attacks are hard to apply if linear equations are rare. Therefore, it is of significance to make use of probabilistic linear equations, namely nonlinear superpolys that can be approximated by linear expressions effectively. In this paper, we suggest a way to test out and utilize these probabilistic linear equations, thus extending cube attacks to a wider scope. Concretely, we employ the standard parameter estimation approach and the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for linearity test in the preprocessing phase, and use maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) for solving the probabilistic linear equations in the online phase. As an application, we exhibit our new attack against 672 rounds of Trivium and reduce the number of key bits to search by 7.
Pragma Directed Shared Memory Centric Optimizations on GPUs

GPUs become a ubiquitous choice as coprocessors since they have excellent ability in concurrent processing. In GPU architecture, shared memory plays a very important role in system performance as it can largely improve bandwidth utilization and accelerate memory operations. However, even for affine GPU applications that contain regular access patterns, optimizing for shared memory is not an easy work. It often requires programmer expertise and nontrivial parameter selection. Improper shared memory usage might even underutilize GPU resource. Even using state-of-the-art high level programming models (e.g., OpenACC and OpenHMPP), it is still hard to utilize shared memory since they lack inherent support in describing shared memory optimization and selecting suitable parameters, let alone maintaining high resource utilization. Targeting higher productivity for affine applications, we propose a data centric way to shared memory optimization on GPU. We design a pragma extension on OpenACC so as to convey data management hints of programmers to compiler. Meanwhile, we devise a compiler framework to automatically select optimal parameters for shared arrays, using the polyhedral model. We further propose optimization techniques to expose higher memory and instruction level parallelism. The experimental results show that our shared memory centric approaches effectively improve the performance of five typical GPU applications across four widely used platforms by 3.7x on average, and do not burden programmers with lots of pragmas.
Interleukin 8 Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in the Chinese Population

Interleukin 8 (IL8) is an important chemokine that elicits host immune response against tuberculosis (TB). However, whether there is an association between IL8 gene polymorphism and TB susceptibility in the Chinese population is unknown. IL8 gene was amplified and sequenced to search for nucleotide polymorphisms among the Chinese population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, selected, and analyzed in a cohort of 438 patients with TB and 536 healthy controls. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic analysis demonstrated that the distribution of the four IL8 SNPs between patients with TB and healthy controls was not significantly different (P>0.05). The four IL8 SNPs detected in this study were not associated with TB susceptibility in the Chinese population. Secretion of IL8 by peripheral blood cells was greatly stimulated upon exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell extract, but such enhanced secretion was not associated with the IL8 rs4073 alleles.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Primary Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and associated risk factors in China. We also explored factors contributing to the transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods A total of 2794 representative, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from treatment-naive patients were subjected to drug susceptibility testing, and risk factors for drug-resistant TB were analyzed. We also analyzed MDR-TB strain sublineages, drug-resistance-conferring mutations, and risk factors associated with clustered primary MDR strains. Results Among 2794 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from treatment-naive patients, the prevalence of any resistance to first-line drugs was 33.2% and the prevalence of MDR-TB was 5.7%. We did not find any risk factors significantly associated with resistance to first-line drugs. The 93 primary MDR-TB isolates were classified into six sublineages, of which, 75 (80.6%) isolates were the RD105-deleted Beijing lineage. The largest sublineage included 65 (69.9%) isolates with concurrent deletions of RD105, RD207, and RD181. Twenty-nine (31.2%) primary MDR strains grouped in clusters; MDR isolates in clusters were more likely to have S531L rpoB mutation. Conclusion This study indicates that primary drug-resistant TB and MDR-TB strains are prevalent in China, and multiple measures should be taken to address drug-resistant TB.
作物连作障碍的克服——难解的问题

作物连作是近代商品化生产不得已而为之的生产方式,它会劣化土壤而导致作物生长发育障碍。在土地复种指数高、作物连作严重条件下,作物连作障碍已成为农业可持续发展的重大问题之一。
Plane Symmetric Solutions in f(R,T) Gravity

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the exact solutions of plane symmetric spacetime in the context of f(R,T) gravity [Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 024020], where f(R,T) is an arbitrary function of Ricci scalar R and trace of the energy momentum tensor T. We explore the exact solutions for two different classes of f(R, T) models. The Grst class f(R, T) = R+2f(T) yields a solution which corresponds to Taub's metric while the second class f(R,T) = f_1(R) + f_2(T) provides two additional solutions which include the well known anti-deSitter spacetime. The energy densities and corresponding functions for f(R,T) models are evaluated in each case.
Imprints of relic gravitational waves on pulsar timing

Relic gravitational waves (RGWs), a background originating during inflation, would leave imprints on pulsar timing residuals. This makes RGWs an important source for detection of RGWs using the method of pulsar timing. In this paper, we discuss the effects of RGWs on single pulsar timing, and quantitatively analyze the timing residuals caused by RGWs with different model parameters. In principle, if the RGWs are strong enough today, they can be detected by timing a single millisecond pulsar with high precision after the intrinsic red noises in pulsar timing residuals are understood, even though simultaneously observing multiple millisecond pulsars is a more powerful technique for extracting gravitational wave signals. We correct the normalization of RGWs using observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which leads to the amplitudes of RGWs being reduced by two orders of magnitude or so compared to our previous works. We obtained new constraints on RGWs using recent observations from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, employing the tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.2 due to the tensor-type polarization observations of CMB by BICEP2 as a reference value, even though its reliability has been brought into question. Moreover, the constraints on RGWs from CMB and Big Bang nucleosynthesis will also be discussed for comparison.
Spectral Synthesis via Mean Field approach to Independent Component Analysis

We apply a new statistical analysis technique, the Mean Field approach to Independent Component Analysis (MF-ICA) in a Bayseian framework, to galaxy spectral analysis. This algorithm can compress a stellar spectral library into a few Independent Components (ICs), and the galaxy spectrum can be reconstructed by these ICs. Compared to other algorithms which decompose a galaxy spectrum into a combination of several simple stellar populations, the MF-ICA approach offers a large improvement in efficiency. To check the reliability of this spectral analysis method, three different methods are used: (1) parameter recovery for simulated galaxies, (2) comparison with parameters estimated by other methods, and (3) consistency test of parameters derived with galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that our MF-ICA method can not only fit the observed galaxy spectra efficiently, but can also accurately recover the physical parameters of galaxies. We also apply our spectral analysis method to the DEEP2 spectroscopic data, and find it can provide excellent fitting results for low signal-to-noise spectra.
门静脉积气一例

门静脉积气(portal venous gas, PVG)是急腹症一种罕见的伴发症,昆山市第一人民医院急诊医学科于2015年6月接诊一例肝门静脉积气病例,原发病为Ⅱ型糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)和急性坏死性肠炎,现报道如下。
综合性三级医院成人急诊分级分诊标准软件的制定与评价

急诊分级分诊是指通过对患者的病情进行简短的临床评估,依据其病情的轻重缓急安排优先诊疗次序,合理分配医疗资源,目标是在正确的时间、地点对患者实施正确的医疗帮助。目前,国内急诊分级分诊系统尚无统一的模式和标准,部分医院参考国外分诊标准,制定了符合各自院情的分级分诊标准,但普遍存在指标不细化、准确性差和信息化落后等问题。2013年以来,复旦大学附属华山医院北院急重症医学科以卫生部《急诊患者病情分级指导原则(征求意见稿)》为基础,制定了可量化的成人急诊分级分诊标准,设计了急诊分级分诊管理软件,应用于临床实践,并持续分诊质量改进,取得良好效果。
风心二尖瓣狭窄左房血栓脱落并发急性腹主动脉骑跨栓塞一例

急性腹主动脉骑跨栓塞是一种较少见的急危重症,其发病急、进展迅速、病死率和截肢率高,早期诊断、及早手术治疗是降低病死率和截肢率的关键,因此需要临床医师对该病的临床表现和诊治方法需要充分认识。浙江大学医学院附属第二医院近期收治1例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者左房血栓脱落并发急性腹主动脉骑跨栓塞,现报道如下。
国内外听诊器消毒措施的研究进展

从听诊器污染率以及污染细菌种类两方面简述了国内外听诊器污染现状,从听诊器消毒方法、消毒剂选择、消毒部位以及消毒频率四个方面提出了目前国内外较为常见的听诊器消毒措施,旨在提高医务人员对听诊器的消毒意识,为医院制定相应消毒技术规范提供参考。
发热及双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影

PCP治疗药物首选SMZ/TMP(0.1 g ? kg~(-1). d~(-1)),疗程21 d,如果合并呼吸衰竭,需静脉用药,同时加用糖皮质激素。磺胺药物过敏患者可行脱敏治疗或选用克林霉素+伯氨奎,棘白菌素类抗真菌药物如卡伯芬净也有一定的疗效。在PCP的早期阶段治疗,效果良好,如果延误诊治,病死率极高。
纵隔纤维化引起肺动脉高压一例

纵隔纤维化(mediastinal fibrosis)又称纤维素性纵隔炎(fibrosing mediastinitis)、硬化性纵隔炎(sclerosing mediastinitis),是一类少见的、以纵隔内纤维组织过度增生为特征的疾病,主要累及中纵隔及肺门周围。尽管纵隔纤维化为良性疾病,但随着病情进展,可压迫或阻塞邻近的解剖结构如支气管、肺血管及食管等,引起相应的临床症状。其病因尚不清楚,目前认为可能是由慢性感染如组织胞浆菌、结核分枝杆菌等引发的机体过度纤维增生性反应造成的。纵隔纤维化也可与其他纤维化性自身免疫性疾病如腹膜后纤维化、硬化性胆管炎及纤维素性甲状腺炎等合并出现。由于纤维组织包裹、压迫肺动脉和(或)肺静脉,可出现肺动脉高压。依据2008年Dana Point分类,纵隔纤维化引起的肺动脉高压属于第五大类,是一种罕见的引起肺动脉高压的疾病。现将北京大学第一医院收治的1例纵隔纤维化引起肺动脉高压的病例报道如下。
Comprehensive profiling reveals mechanisms of SOX2-mediated cell fate specification in human ESCs and NPCs

SOX2 is a key regulator of multiple types of stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Understanding the mechanism underlying the function of SOX2 is of great importance for realizing the full potential of ESCs and NPCs. Here, through genome-wide comparative studies, we show that SOX2 executes its distinct functions in human ESCs (hESCs) and hESC-derived NPCs (hNPCs) through cell type- and stage-dependent transcription programs. Importantly, SOX2 suppresses non-neural lineages in hESCs and regulates neurogenesis from hNPCs by inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. In hESCs, SOX2 achieves such inhibition by direct transcriptional regulation of important Wnt signaling modulators, WLS and SFRP2. Moreover, SOX2 ensures pluripotent epigenetic landscapes via interacting with histone variant H2A.Z and recruiting polycomb repressor complex 2 to poise developmental genes in hESCs. Together, our results advance our understanding of the mechanism by which cell type-specific transcription factors control lineage-specific gene expression programs and specify cell fate.
由乌克兰停电事件看信息能源系统综合安全评估

2015年圣诞节期间,乌克兰国内多个区域的电网因遭遇黑客攻击,导致发生大规模停电。达拉斯信息安全公司iSight Partners的研究人员表示,黑客在乌克兰国家电网中植入的恶意软件导致了这次严重的停电事故。资料显示,这是首次由信息攻击引发的大规模停电事故(见http://news.finance.ua/ua/news/-/366136/hakery-atakuvaly-prykarpat tyaoblenergo-znestrumyvshy-polovynu-regionu-na-6-godyn)。传统网络攻击主要是窃取数据或者财物,而此次则直接诱发了重要公用事业系统的失效。因此,CNET网站的一篇报道称乌克兰停电是网络攻击的"里程碑"(cyberattack milestone)(见http://www.cnet.com/news/cyberattack-causes-widespread-power-blackout-in-ukraine/)。
电力系统防恶意信息攻击的思考

现代电力系统已经发展为由物理电力系统和信息通信系统构成的复杂耦合网络系统。已有研究表明,无论是电力系统本身,还是信息通信系统中的部件发生故障或是被攻击,都可能导致整个耦合网络的瘫痪。
床旁肺脏超声对新生儿肺疾病诊断与鉴别的临床价值

各种原因的肺脏疾病及其所致呼吸衰竭是新生儿的常见疾病,也是第一位住院原因及死亡原因,因此,有关新生儿肺脏疾病诊断治疗的研究一直是新生儿医学的重点课题。长期以来,肺脏疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断主要依赖传统胸X线与CT检查,甚至被当作多种肺脏疾病诊断的“金标准”而成为在临床中必不可少的影像学检查手段。但胸部X线与CT检查存在明显的局限性:重症患儿因不宜搬动而难以做出及时诊断,并可能因此而延误病情,甚至造成严重后果;难以做到随时检查不便于动态观察,并可能因此而导致某些疾病的漏诊或误诊,尤其当病情突然变化而特别需要检查时更显其局限性;射线损伤难以完全避免,尤其胸部CT扫描射线危害更大,具有导致DNA损伤、癌变等潜在的高风险。由于射线损伤对分化期的细胞更敏感,故对处于快速发育期的新生儿和早产儿可能造成更大的潜在危害。尤其那些身处新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)内的重病新生儿和不成熟早产儿,因所患肺部疾病或需除外其他疾病而经常暴露于射线环境,很难估计住院期间遭受主、被动射线损伤的累积剂量。因此,积极寻找可替代的、适合新生儿临床应用的可靠检查诊断手段刻不容缓。
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Local Resection of Choroidal Melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy in adults, with an annual incidence of 6-7 cases/million people. The choroid is the most common site of involvement occurring in more than 90% patients. We conducted a retrospective study for uveal melanoma at Tongren Eye Center from 1997 to 2011. A total of 682 cases of uveal melanoma were recorded. Among them, 176 (25.8%) cases received local resection surgery. Most of them survived after surgery and had good recovery. However, life-threatening complication of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) occurred in 3 choroidal melanoma patients shortly after surgery. Till now, to the best of our knowledge, there are few reports of severe postsurgical complications of choroidal melanoma.
Randomized Comparison of the Crush Versus the Culotte Stenting for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions

Background: The crush and the culotte stenting were both reported to be effective for complex bifurcation lesion treatment. However, their comparative performance remains elusive. Methods: A total of 300 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions were randomly assigned to crush (n = 150) and culotte (n = 150) treatment. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 12 months including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and target vessel revascularization. Index lesion restenosis at 12 months was a secondary endpoint. The surface integrals of time-averaged wall shear stress at bifurcation sites were also be quantified. Results: There were no significant differences in MACE rates between the two groups at 12-month follow-up: Crush 6.7%, culotte 5.3% (P = 0.48). The rates of index lesion restenosis were 12.7% versus 6.0% (P = 0.047) in the crush and the culotte groups, respectively. At 12-month follow-up, the surface integrals of time-averaged wall shear stress at bifurcation sites in the crush group were significantly lower than the culotte group ([5.01 ± 0.95] × 10-4 Newton and [6.08 ± 1.16] × 10-4 Newton, respectively; P = 0.003). Conclusions: Both the crush and the culotte bifurcation stenting techniques showed satisfying clinical and angiographic results at 12-month follow-up. Bifurcation lesions treated with the culotte technique tended to have lower restenosis rates and more favorable flow patterns.
Effect of Urbanization on the Urban Meteorology and Air Pollution in Hangzhou

Urbanization has a substantial effect on urban meteorology. It can alter the atmospheric diffusion capability in urban areas and therefore affect pollutant concentrations. To study the effects of Hangzhou's urban development in most recent decade on its urban meteorological characteristics and pollutant diffusion, 90 weather cases were simulated, covering 9 weather types, with the Nanjing University City Air Quality Prediction System and high-resolution surface-type data and urban construction data for 2000 and 2010. The results show that the most recent decade of urban development in Hangzhou substantially affected its urban meteorology. Specifically, the average urban wind speed decreased by 1.1 m s~(-1); the average intensity of the heat island increased by 0.5°C; and the average urban relative humidity decreased by 9.7%. Based on one case for each of the nine weather types, the impact of urbanization on air pollution diffusion was investigated, revealing that the changes in the meteorological environment decreased the urban atmosphere's diffusion capability, and therefore increased urban pollutant concentrations. For instance, the urban nitrogen oxides concentration increased by 2.1 μg m~(-3) on average; the fine particulate matter (diameter of 2.5 μm or less;PM_(2.5)) pollution concentration increased by 2.3 μg m~(-3) on average; in highly urbanized areas, the PM_(2.5) concentration increased by 30 μg m~(-3) and average visibility decreased by 0.2 km, with a maximum decrease of 1 km; the average number of daily hours of haze increased by 0.46 h; and the haze height lifted by 100-300 m. The "self-cleaning time" of pollutants increased by an average of 1.5 h.