mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Power Fluctuation Damping of Thermostatically Controlled Loads Based on State Estimation

As a kind of important demand side resource, the thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) play an important role in the peak load shifting and load balancing programs. This paper establishes a state-queuing (SQ) model for the large-scale TCLs, and estimates the system states based on the Kalman-filtering. Based on state estimation, the control strategy, whose parameters are optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA), is designed to damp the power fluctuation of the TCLs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Approaches for Optimal Planning of Energy Storage Units in Distribution Network and Their Impacts on System Resiliency

In the recent decade, a significant increase in the penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the distribution grid is evident due to the world's shift towards clean energy and to increase the reliability or inboard manner resiliency of electrical distribution system. RES based microgrids are the most favorable option available, especially to enhance resiliency. However, the integration of RES over the distribution grid would hamper the grid stability due to its stochastic nature under normal conditions. During extreme weather conditions, RES behavior is completely uncertain. Hence there is a need to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the RES and make the distribution grid more reliable and stable under normal and resilient conditions. To address these issues, many researchers proposed several methods to place energy storage units (ESUs) and microgrids (RES integrated), which can support critical loads at an optimal location in the distribution system during normal and extreme conditions, respectively. The aim of this article is to consolidate and review the research towards various approaches to formulate the problem (optimal location, allocation, and operation of ESU and microgrids to face regular and extreme weather condition) and tools to solve it for enhanced system flexibility and resiliency. Based on the review, a generalized methodology has been designed to adapt the inputs and address both conditions. At the end of the review, future aspects for ESU to strengthen resistance and resiliency of its own are presented, which can be helpful to further improve the reliability and resiliency of the distribution system.
Coordinated Modulation Strategy Considering Multi-HVDC Emergency for Enhancing Transient Stability of Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems

This paper presents a multi-HVDC emergency coordinated modulating strategy to enhance the transient stability of hybrid AC/DC power systems. First, the main factors that affect the unbalanced energy distribution during a fault are analyzed, and the dominant generators are determined online. Next, considering the influence on both generators in the sending and receiving ends, the assessment index that evaluates the effects of DC power support is established. On the basis of this, a dynamic DC power support strategy is put forward, and the DC support sequence table is promptly updated by the changing dominant generators. The AC/DC hybrid power system with multi-DC lines is built and used as a test system. The simulation results of different scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method could follow the dominant generator dynamically and adjust the DC participating in modulation to enhance the transient stability effectively and quickly.
Coordinated Demand Response of Rail Transit Load and Energy Storage System Considering Driving Comfort

Electric trains typically travel across the railway networks in an inter-provincial, inter-city and intra-city manner. The electric train generally serves as a load/source in tractive/brake mode,through which power networks and railway networks are closely coupled and mutually influenced. Based on the operational mode of rail trains and the characteristics of their load power, this paper proposes a coordinated optimal decisionmaking method of demand response for controllable load of rail trains and energy storage systems. First, a coordinated approach of dynamically adjusting the load of the controllable rail train in considering the driving comfort and energy storage battery is designed. Secondly, under the time conditions that satisfy the train's operational diagram,the functional relationship between the train speed and the load power is presented. Based on this, in considering the constraints of the train's arrival time, driving speed, motor power, and driving comfort, the capacity of energy storage batteries and other constraints, an optimization model for demand response in managing the traction power supply system under a two-part price and time-of-use (TOU) price is proposed. The objective is to minimize the energy consumption costs of rail transit trains, and optimize the speed trajectory of rail trains, the load power of traction system, and the output of energy storage batteries.
Coordinated Dispatch of Integrated Electricity-Natural Gas System and the Freight Railway Network

With the significant development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) rail transport, the railway system is increasingly more closely connected with the integrated electricity-natural gas system (IEGS). To coordinate the economic operations of the two systems, this paper innovatively proposes a coordinated dispatch model of IEGS with LNG infrastructures and a freight railway network with LNG transport. First, an operational scheduling model of the railway network, considering energy consumption, is put forward for both LNG transmission and ordinary freight transport. Then, the coordinated dispatch problem of IEGS and the railway network is formulated into a mixed-integer linear programming model via the big M method and a modified incremental linearization approach. Finally, a bi-level optimization algorithm based on generalized benders decomposition (GBD) is presented to solve the coordinated dispatch problem due to the restrictions on exchanging private information. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm as well as the potential benefit for wind power accommodation.
High-Resolution Projections of Mean and Extreme Precipitation over China by Two Regional Climate Models

In this study, we employ two regional climate models(RCMs or RegCMs), which are RegCM4 and PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies), with a horizontal grid spacing of 25 km, to simulate the precipitation dynamics across China for the baseline climate of 1981-2010 and two future climates of 2031-2060 and 2061-2090. The global climate model(GCM)-Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2-Earth Systems(HadGEM2-ES) is used to drive the two RCMs. The results of baseline simulations show that the two RCMs can correct the obvious underestimation of light rain below 5 mm day-1 and the overestimation of precipitation above 5 mm day-1 in Northwest China and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, as being produced by the driving GCM. While PRECIS outperforms RegCM4 in simulating annual precipitation and wet days in several sub-regions of Northwest China, its underperformance shows up in eastern China. For extreme precipitation, the two RCMs provide a more accurate simulation of continuous wet days(CWD) with reduced biases and more realistic spatial patterns compared to their driving GCM. For other extreme precipitation indices, the RCM simulations show limited benefit except for an improved performance in some localized regions. The future projections of the two RCMs show an increase in the annual precipitation amount and the intensity of extreme precipitation events in most regions. Most areas of Southeast China will experience fewer number of wet days, especially in summer, but more precipitation per wet day(≥ 30 mm day-1). By contrast, number of wet days will increase in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and some areas of northern China. The increase in both the maximum precipitation for five consecutive days and the regional extreme precipitation will lead to a higher risk of increased flooding. The findings of this study can facilitate the efforts of climate service institutions and government agencies to improve climate services and to make climate-smart decisions.
Authigenic titanite in weathered basalts:Implications for paleoatmospheric reconstructions

The stability of titanite is sensitive to temperature and partial pressure of CO_2.The finding of authigenic titanite grains in weathering regolith formed on Parana basalts,Brazil,under tropical climatic conditions,reveals the thermodynamically-driven conversion from calcite to titanite at elevated ambient temperatures.Being unusual nowadays,this phase transition provides important implications for the understanding of silicate weathering in earlier geological epochs.Two types of secondary titanites were identified in the weathering profile of the study area.The tiny grains of 10 μm are forming in the microscopic voids in the rock.Also,large fractures filled with Fe-rich clay minerals contain bigger specimens of up to 170 μm.The titanites of second type often coexist with chalcedony and barite.No carbonate minerals were found in the weathering profile.Weathering sphene can be discriminated from other titanite types by its strong positive Eu anomaly,increased Al_2O_3 content and low content of trace elements.Its specific chemical composition and reactive transport modeling link this secondary mineral with dissolution of plagioclase.The titanite precipitation is controlled by slow diffusion in poorly-aerated,highly-alkaline pore fluids.The subaerial weathering of basaltic rocks provides a significant reservoir for atmospheric CO_2.However,the deposition of carbonate minerals is thermodynamically avoided at the stability field of titanite.We demonstrate a complex feedback between CO_2 and soil carbonates.The rise in pCO_2 triggers the precipitation of calcite in the weathering regolith,but the greenhouse effect increasing the temperature can cease carbonate deposition.Secondary titanites were found in several paleosols and at least a part of them can be of weathering origin.
Fast-transient techniques for high-frequency DC-DC converters

A 30 MHz voltage-mode controlled buck converter with fast transient responses is presented. An improved differential difference amplifier (DDA)-based Type-III compensator is proposed to reduce the settling times of the converter during load transients, and to achieve near-optimal transient responses with simple PWM control only. Moreover, a hybrid scheme using a digital linear regulator with automatic transient detection and seamless loop transition is proposed to further improve the transient responses. By monitoring the output voltage of the compensator instead of the output voltage of the converter,the proposed hybrid scheme can reduce undershoot and overshoot effectively with good noise immunity and without interrupting the PWM loop. The converter was fabricated in a 0.13 μm standard CMOS process using 3.3 V devices. With an input voltage of 3.3 V, the measured peak efficiencies at the output voltages of 2.4, 1.8, and 1.2 V are 90.7%, 88%, and 83.6%, respectively. With a load step of 1.25 A and rise and fall times of 2 ns, the measured 1% settling times were 220 and 230 ns, with undershoot and overshoot with PWM control of 72 and 76 mV, respectively. They were further reduced to 36 and 38 mV by using the proposed hybrid scheme, and 1% settling times were also reduced to 125 ns.
A survey of high-speed high-resolution current steering DACs

Digital to analog converters (DAC) play an important role as a bridge connecting the analog world and the digital world. With the rapid development of wireless communication, wideband digital radar, and other emerging technologies, better performing high-speed high-resolution DACs are required. In those applications, signal bandwidth and high-frequency linearity often limited by data converters are the bottleneck of the system. This article reviews the state-of-the-art technologies of high-speed and high-resolution DACs reported in recent years. Comparisons are made between different architectures, circuit implementations and calibration techniques along with the figure of merit (FoM) results.
A comparative study of digital low dropout regulators

Granular power management in a power-efficient system on a chip (SoC) requires multiple integrated voltage regulators with a small area, process scalability, and low supply voltage. Conventional on-chip analog low-dropout regulators (ALDOs) can hardly meet these requirements, while digital LDOs (DLDOs) are good alternatives. However, the conventional DLDO, with synchronous control, has inherently slow transient response limited by the power-speed trade-off. Meanwhile, it has a poor power supply rejection (PSR), because the fully turned-on power switches in DLDO are vulnerable to power supply ripples. In this comparative study on DLDOs, first, we compare the pros and cons between ALDO and DLDO in general. Then, we summarize the recent DLDO advanced techniques for fast transient response and PSR enhancement. Finally, we discuss the design trends and possible directions of DLDO.
Design of CMOS active pixels based on finger-shaped PPD

To improve the full-well capacity and linear dynamic range of CMOS image sensor, a special finger-shaped pinned photodiode(PPD) is designed. In terms of process, the first N-type ion implantation of the PPD N buried layer is extended under the transfer gate, thereby increasing the PPD capacitance. Based on TCAD simulation, the width and spacing of PPD were precisely adjusted. A high full-well capacity pixel design with a pixel size of 6 × 6 μm~2 is realized based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulation results indicate that the pixel with the above structure and process has a depletion depth of 2.8 μm and a charge transfer efficiency of 100%. The measurement results of the test chip show that the full-well capacity can reach 68650e-. Compared with the conventional structure, the proposed PPD structure can effectively improve the full well capacity of the pixel.
Effect of Ti content on microstructure and mechanical properties of CuCoFeNi high-entropy alloys

We prepared (CuCoFeNi)Ti_x (x = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,and 1.0) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by vacuum arc melting and then investigated the effects of Ti on their microstructure and mechanical properties.When x was inreased to 0.6,the structure of the alloy transformed from their initial single face-centered cubic (fcc) structure into fcc+Laves mixed structure.The Laves phase was found to comprise Fe_2Ti and be mainly distributed in the dendrite region.With increasing Ti content,both the Laves phase and the hardness of the alloy increased,whereas its yield and fracture strengths first increased and then decreased,reaching their highest value when x was 0.8.The (CuCoFeNi)Ti_(0.8) alloy exhibited the best overall mechanical properties,with yield and fracture strengths of 949.7 and 1723.4 MPa,respectively,a fracture strain of 27.92%,and a hardness of HV 461.6.
Auxin-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling in Somatic Embryogenesis

Plant cells are totipotent in nature during their life cycle and have the capacity to regenerate a whole plant from somatic cells through somatic embryogenesis (Ikeuchi et al., 2016). An appropriate chemical or mechanical induction is sufficient to induce this process. Compared with the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts in animal system by Shinya Yamanak’s group in 2006, somatic embryogenesis in plants was first reported almost 70 years ago independently by Waris et al. in 1957, Steward et al. in 1958, and Reinert in 1958.
Fitness costs of reflex bleeding in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis: the role of parental effects

Reflex bleeding is an important antipredator defense mechanism in Coccinellidae. We examined the costs of reflex bleeding in larval and adult stages of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis on offspring fitness and reproductive performance through the comparisons between bled and control larvae, reciprocal crosses of bled/control beetles,and early and late clutch phenotypes. Beetles bled during their larval stage spent a longer time in development and weighed less than controls. Egg fertility was reduced for crosses where either one or both parents had been bled during the larval or adult stage. Offspring crosses that included a parent bled during the larval stage suffered fitness costs in development and female body mass, while those bled during the adult stage suffered no transgenerational costs. Males that suffered bleeding during their larval stage accelerated progeny development of nonbled females in early clutches, suggesting a positive transgenerational effect of larval bleeding, while males that did not suffer bleeding accelerated progeny development of bled females in later clutches. As the underlying effects of bleeding on females' offspring in the early clutches were diminished in the late ones, suggesting another transgenerational effect. The strengths of maternal and paternal effects on progeny development of parents bled at the larval stage were higher in earlier clutches. This study suggests that H. axyridis adults are less affected than larvae by the frequent use of the defensive secretions in their stressful habitats.
积极开展胃超声检查创新发展胃癌防治研究

胃癌是世界范围内第三大致死性的恶性肿瘤[1],具有农村人群发病率和病死率高于城市的区域性差异特点[2]。我国胃癌占全球每年新发胃癌病例和死亡病例的近50%,是危害人民健康的重大疾病和重点防控癌症之一[3-4]。因此,胃癌防治研究持续成为临床关注重点。胃癌的预后与诊治时机密切相关,进展期胃癌即使接受以外科手术为主的综合治疗,患者的5年生存率仍低于30%[5]。早期诊断胃癌可使肿瘤临床分期前移[6],减少向进展期癌的转化,提升早治率,改善胃癌总体治愈率,既能节约医疗资源又能提高医疗质量。因此,聚焦胃癌早期发现和早期诊断的方法学创新与研究更加具有临床科学意义。
卵巢睾丸支持-间质细胞瘤1例

卵巢SLCT是罕见的性索-间质类肿瘤,约占卵巢肿瘤的0.5%,好发于年轻女性单侧卵巢,约1/3患者可见男性化体征。病理学上SLCT分为高、中、低分化及网状型,后3类可伴异源性成分并可具有恶性肿瘤生物学行为。MRI发现卵巢囊性为主肿块、实性成分表现为囊壁及分隔增厚或沿其生长的宽基底实质区时,提示SLCT可能。治疗本病以手术切除为主,对晚期、低分化、或术后复发者术后宜辅以化学治疗。本例为中分化网状型SLCT,较少见,后行腹腔镜下左侧输卵管-卵巢切除术。SLCT需与卵巢其他肿瘤鉴别:①卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤,为多房或蜂窝房样囊性肿块,囊壁或分隔不均匀增厚,囊液信号混杂;②卵泡膜细胞-纤维瘤,T2WI卵泡膜细胞呈等或稍高信号,纤维成分呈低信号,增强后轻度延迟强化;③颗粒细胞瘤,呈多房分隔、典型蜂窝状改变,增强后中等强化;④硬化性间质瘤,为实性或囊实性肿块,囊变时平扫见"湖岛征",增强后呈向心性填充强化。最终确诊依赖病理学检查。
Morphology evolution of ZnO by controlling solvent and electrochemical sensing of hexagonal nanotablets toward amines

Organic amines are important solvent and raw material in laboratory and industry, as well as releasing from cigarette smoke. It is significant to detect low-concentration amines for environment and public health. Here we reported that as-synthesized zinc oxide is an effective electrode material of electrochemical sensor for the detection of amines. The characterization results reveal that the ZnO morphologies experienced a change from hexagonal bowl-like microparticles, cones, prisms to nanoparticles by adjusting the reaction time, temperature, solvents and additives. Interestingly, ZnO material possessing hexagonal shapes and different sizes exhibits distinct electrochemical response in various amines solution, suggesting that there is a better dependent relationship between different morphological ZnO and amines detection. Particularly, regular hexagonal ZnO nanotablets exhibit a detectable electrochemical response and selectivity to ammonia, implying it can be serve as electrode material for highly effective detection of organic amines.
Preparation of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for NO_2 detection at room temperature

In this work, the two-dimensional MoS_2 film was prepared by sulfuring the molybdenum atomic layer on SiO_2/Si substrate. The reaction temperature, heating rate, holding time and carrier gas flow rate were investigated comprehensively. The quality of MoS_2 film was characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that the optimum synthesis parameters were heating rate of 25℃/min, reaction temperature of 750 ℃,holding time of 30 min and carrier gas velocity of 100 sccm. The MoS_2 gas sensor was fabricated and its gas sensing performance was tested. The test results indicated that the sensor had a good response to both reducing gas (NH_3) and oxidizing gas (NO_2) at room temperature. The sensitivity to 100 ppm of NO_2 was 31.3%, and the response/recovery times were 4 s and 5 s, respectively. In addition, the limit of detection could be as low as 1 ppm. This work helps us to develop low power and integrable room temperature NO_2 sensors.
老年患者照顾者与护士合作的研究进展

在人口老龄化不断加剧的社会背景下,医疗资源紧张,医养结合、居家照护在保障老年健康上发挥着重要作用。本文从照顾者与护士合作的概述、合作现况、影响因素和干预方案4个方面对家庭合作研究进行综述,提出未来通过医护-患者-照顾者一体化合作意识的普及、方案的制定、合作程度加深,必将有利于提高老年患者获得居家照顾的质量,促进医患关系和谐,保障医养结合的发展。
单侧优势供血小脑后下动脉髓帆扁桃体段动脉瘤二例并文献复习

单侧优势供血小脑后下动脉(PICA)髓帆扁桃体段动脉瘤在临床上罕见。2004年1月至2020年1月联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院神经外科收治2例单侧优势供血PICA髓帆扁桃体段动脉瘤患者,占同期收治颅内动脉瘤患者的0.5%(2/3 700)。CT血管成像容易漏诊,通过多平面重组及最大密度投影技术发现动脉瘤位于延髓背侧并接近枕大孔,采用动脉瘤夹闭术治疗,术后疗效较好。
吻合趾-指血管的足趾移植再造拇指和手指

目的探讨应用吻合趾-指血管的足趾移植进行拇指和手指再造的可行性及临床效果。方法2001年5月至2018年5月,收治拇指和手指缺损270例365指,应用显微外科技术施行吻合趾-指血管的足趾移植进行拇指和手指再造。甲瓣切取供区采用植皮、足背带蒂皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复;足趾供区残端直接缝合。术后通过门诊随访及微信定期随访,对再造拇、手指的成活情况及功能恢复情况进行分析,评定疗效。结果本组再造拇、手指270例365指,术后全部成活。术后出现动脉危象10例12指,静脉危象11例13指,经局部拆线减压或手术探查重建血供后成活。术后3~38个月随访,再造拇、手指外形与健侧相似,痛、温觉恢复良好,TPD为6~18 mm,平均8 mm。再造拇、手指功能恢复良好,对指、对掌灵活。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:结果优178例256指,良89例105指,差3例4指,再造指优良率98.9%。供区愈合良好,负重、行走及跑、跳均无不适。结论应用吻合趾-指血管的足趾移植再造拇指和手指,供区损伤小,不受解剖变异限制,可简化手术,临床效果良好,是一种可行的方法。
Safety and survival outcomes of transanal natural orifice specimen extraction using prolapsing technique for patients with middle- to low-rectal cancer

Objective: The transanal approach to specimen collection, combined with the prolapsing technique, is a wellestablished and minimally invasive surgery for treating rectal cancer. However, reports on outcomes for this approach are sparse. We compared short- and long-term outcomes of conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) vs. transanal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) using the prolapsing technique for patients with middle- to low-rectal cancer. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2017, we enrolled consecutive patients with middle- to low-rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection. Totally, 50 patients who underwent transanal NOSE using the prolapsing technique were matched with 50 patients who received CLS. Clinical parameters and survival outcomes between the two groups were compared. Results: Estimated blood loss (29.70±29.28 vs. 52.80±45.09 mL, P=0.003), time to first flatus (2.50±0.79 vs. 2.86±0.76, P=0.022), time to liquid diet (3.62±0.64 vs. 4.20±0.76 d, P<0.001), and the need for analgesics (22% vs. 48%, P=0.006) were significantly lower for the NOSE group compared to the CLS group. The incidences of overall complications and fecal incontinence were comparable in both groups. After a median follow-up of 44.52 months, the overall local recurrence rate (6% vs. 5%, P=0.670), 3-year disease-free survival (86.7% vs. 88.0%, P=0.945) and 3-year overall survival (95.6% vs. 96.0%, P=0.708), were not significantly different. Conclusions: For total laparoscopic rectal resection, transanal NOSE using the prolapsing technique is effective and safe, and associated with less trauma and pain, a faster recovery, and similar survival outcomes compared to CLS.