mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High-speed photographic observation of collapse of two cavitation bubbles

Cavitation as a hydrodynamic phenomenon exists widely in water conservancy, shipbuilding, chemical and many other industries. Previous cavitation bubble dynamic studies mainly focused on single cavitation bubbles and their interaction with the wall. This paper studies the interaction between two cavitation bubbles under conditions with or without a wall. The results show that if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is not synchronized, the cavitation bubble of early inception collapse backwards the cavitation bubble of later inception; if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is synchronized, the two bubbles collapse towards each other; if a wall exists nearby, no matter whether the line connecting the centers of the two cavitation bubbles is vertical or parallel to the wall, the two cavitation bubbles collapse towards each other and then gradually merge, and the merged collapse body quickly moves to the wall. It is suggested that, as the number of cavitation bubbles increases, the cavitation erosion effect is not simply increased proportionally. Instead, mutual inhibitory effect may be demonstrated.
Design and testing of micro-tribometer with macro applied load

With the development of superlubricity, the requirement for the accuracy of measuring super low friction force becomes more and more high. In this study, a novel micro-tribometer has been designed. The resolution and accuracy of friction force are 0.01 mN by using the dual frequency laser interferometer. Experiments were performed to investigate the ability of measuring friction force from different aspects. The interference signal mixed in the measured friction force curve was analyzed and can be removed by a designed filter. The results of experiment show that the tribometer is capable of measuring a super low friction force in the order of magnitude of 0.01 mN with an applied load up to 1 N.
F-box gene FOA2 regulates GA- and ABA- mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis

GA and ABA antagonize each other in controlling seed germination, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. The F-box proteins act as the most important SCF (SKP1, cullin/CDC53, F-box protein) complex subunit of the ubiquitin (Ub)- 26S proteasome system, mediate diverse physiological processes ranging from hormonal signaling cascades to environmental stress responses (Santner and Estelle, 2010). We previously demonstrated that FOA1 (F-box overexpressed/oppressed ABA signaling) is an ABA signaling-related gene, and plays a negative role in ABA signaling (Peng et al., 2012). Our preliminary results showed that F-box protein (AT3G16740), homologous to FOA1, named as FOA2, is highly expressed in silique (Duan et al., 2013), suggesting it may be involved in seed development.
Cyprininae phylogeny revealed independent origins of the Tibetan Plateau endemic polyploid cyprinids and their diversifications related to the Neogene uplift of the plateau

Origin and diversification of the Tibetan polyploid cyprinids(schizothoracins) may help us to explore relationships between diversification of the cyprinids and the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Cyprininae phylogeny was analyzed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to trace origins of polyploidy and diversifications of schizothoracins. Ancestral states reconstruction for ploidy levels indicated that the Cyprininae was diploid origin and the schizothoracin clades tetraploid origins. There were two diversification rate shifts along with diversification of the cyprinine fishes in response to the Tibetan uplift. The unusual diversification shifts were located to branches subtending the clades of Tibetan polyploid cyprinids. Our analyses suggested that(i) phylogeny of Cyprininae recovered two independent origins of the Tibetan polyploidy schizothoracins;(ii) diversifications of the schizothoracins were closely related to the Neogene uplift of the Tibetan plateau in the following ways: the relatively ancient Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene adaptive radiation may be associated with the uplift of the southern Tibet and Himalaya; the Middle Miocene-Early Pleistocene lineage-specific diversification broadly coincident with major phase of the Neogene Tibetan uplift; and the most recent Pleistocene diversification shift in Schizothorax closely coincident with the successive Kunlun-Huanghe and Gonghe movements of the Tibetan uplift and the glaciation-induced climate oscillations on the plateau.
Self-doped n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers ETL for high-performance polymer and perovskite solar cells

Electron transporting layer (ETL) materials have attracted much attention in recent years in the research fields of organic/ polymer solar cells (OSCs/PSCs) and planar perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs), because ETL materials play very important role in improving the photovoltaic performance of devices. Among the ETL materials reported in literatures, conjugated polymer poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) show good film-forming property and excellent device performance for the small area PSCs. But the ETL of PFN should be very thin (less than 7 nm) due to its poor electron mobility, which hinders its application in large area fabrication of PSCs. Therefore, it is critical to develop new n-type conjugated polymer ETLs with high electron mobility/conductivity and good film-forming property for large-area coating processing fabrication of PSCs and pero-SCs for future application.
游离态Fe(II)驱动赤铁矿晶相重组的Fe原子交换机制:稳定Fe同位素示踪研究

土壤中游离态Fe(II)与铁(氢)氧化物矿物之间的原子交换是最近发现的重要的铁循环化学过程. 但是,结晶度高、性质稳定的赤铁矿, 与游离态Fe(II)之间的原子交换过程及其矿物晶相变化仍然未知. 本研究中, 我们采用控制实验, 以57Fe同位素示踪方法研究厌氧体系中游离态Fe(II)与赤铁矿中结构态Fe(III)之间的原子交换机制. 结果表明, 游离态Fe(II)与赤铁矿中的结构态Fe(III)能发生明显的Fe原子交换, 即游离态Fe(II)进入到赤铁矿结构形成结构态Fe(III), 而赤铁矿中原来的部分结构态Fe(III)被还原释放, 进入到溶液体系形成游离态Fe(II).这一反应体系中Fe原子交换率受pH和游离态Fe(II)初始浓度的影响; 与酸性环境相比, pH 7.5的中性环境更有利于Fe原子交换的发生; 在相同pH条件下, Fe原子交换率首先随游离态Fe(II)初始浓度的升高而提高, 但是过高的Fe(II)浓度导致在赤铁矿表面吸附的Fe(II)超过单层吸附位覆盖量, 在一定程度上抑制Fe原子交换. Fe(II)作用下Fe原子交换发生的同时, 赤铁矿晶相发生重组. 更为重要的是, 通过X射线衍射表征研究发现, 游离态Fe(II)驱动赤铁矿晶相重组过程中形成新的赤铁矿和针铁矿; 进一步通过穆斯堡尔谱研究证实, 新的赤铁矿晶体主要形成机制为晶体同质外延生长, 针铁矿形成机制为异质外延生长. 本研究发现的游离态Fe(II)驱动性质稳定的赤铁矿晶相转变及其Fe原子交换过程, 可为揭示以稳定态铁(氢)氧化物为主要含铁矿物分布的热带亚热带土壤元素环境地球化学过程机制提供重要理论基础.
全球30m空间分辨率耕地遥感制图研究

耕地是全球地表覆盖制图中重要的地表覆盖类型之一, 其变化影响着人类社会经济发展、粮食安全与生态环境保护. 现有全球耕地制图产品空间分辨率较粗, 缺乏高空间分辨率的全球耕地数据产品. 本研究利用全球2000/2010两期30m空间分辨率遥感影像数据集(Landsat TM/ETM+、HJ-1)、MODIS 250m空间分辨率NDVI时间序列数据及多种参考资料, 针对全球尺度30m影像中耕地提取的难点, 提出基于像元、对象和知识3个层次的耕地提取方法, 即基于像元尺度多特征优化的耕地分类提取、基于对象的耕地自动判别以及基于信息服务和先验知识的交互式对象处理, 完成了全球两期30m耕地遥感制图, 并对全球耕地的面积等信息进行统计分析. 结果表明, 全球2000年和2010年耕地总面积分别为19.03亿ha和19.60亿ha. 精度评价结果表明, 两期全球30m耕地遥感制图总体精度均达到92%以上. 本研究研制的2000/2010两期的全球耕地遥感数据产品, 在空间分辨率和分类精度上均优于国际上同类产品, 为全球粮食安全、生态环境监测和全球变化等研究提供了重要基础数据.
中国2050:气候情景与胡焕庸线的稳定性

基于NCAR/PSU的RegCM4.0, 取A1B情景对中国未来气候变化作了模拟估计, 结合1981~2000年数据和中国未来时期(2041~2060年)的温度、降水模拟值, 计算获得了中国相应时期及未来时期的蒸发量模拟值,并且计算了中国的农业生产潜力, 得到了中国各地区可能达到的期望农业产量. 通过比较1981~2000年和未来(21世纪中叶)时期农业生产潜力的变化, 发现届时秦岭淮河一线仍然是中国农业生产潜力变化的重要分界线,淮河以南地区农业生产潜力呈下降态势, 而淮河以北地区农业生产潜力呈上升趋势, 未来农业生产潜力的南北差距将有明显的缩小, 对中国东部地区而言未来以秦岭淮河作为中国水稻和小麦的地理分界线可能会北推到黄河一线. 更为重要的是, 中国传统上农业生产潜力分界线——胡焕庸线对中国农业的锁定正在被突破. 突破主要在云南省北部地区和川西地区, 农业生产潜力明显提高, 秦岭淮河以北的黄淮海平原地区的农业生产潜力也有了提高. 农业生产潜力降低最大的区域集中在长三角地区、浙江、福建、贵州等南方省份. 胡焕庸线以东秦岭淮河线以北的东北、华北、关中地区, 以及秦岭淮河线以南、四川盆地地区的农业生产潜力上升幅度最为明显. 此外, 本文研究了气候变化下农业生产潜力的变化对中国人口分布的冲击, 发现由于气候变化导致农业生产潜力提高的原因, 胡焕庸线以西省区的人口占比将增长1.03%. 气候变化虽在一定程度上可以缓解中国东西部人口分布不均衡的现象, 但并没有从根本上破坏胡焕庸线的人口分布规律.
血水互结证与当归芍药散的应用探析

血水互结证最早见于《金匮要略》,其形成途径主要有3种,治疗方剂有大黄甘遂汤、赤小豆当归散等,其中当归芍药散临床应用较为广泛。徐世杰研究员临证治疗各科病证常辨病与辨证相结合,现仅以其运用当归芍药散治验二则探析血水互结证。
张学文未病先防的学术经验

张学文认为正邪斗争理论是中医治未病的理论基础,扶正祛邪治则是中医治未病的基本法则。病邪有内外,预防外邪致病须防邪祛邪,预防内邪致病应袪邪防变。认为流行性出血热的外在病因是温热毒邪,内在易感因素是素体阴虚,故以养阴凉血、化瘀解毒为原则研制出血热预防片,在陕西省的流行性出血热预防中取得了良好效果。提出治疗中风先兆以预防中风的思路,认为血瘀是中风形成的关键病理环节,肝热血瘀是中风先兆的常见证候,研制出以活血化瘀、清肝通络为治法的小中风片,治疗中风先兆获得较好效果。
补充维生素K2对骨质疏松蒙古族老人血清胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的影响

目的探讨补充维生素K2对蒙古族老年原发性骨质疏松患者骨密度及血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)-1的影响。 方法所有老年骨质疏松患者均在服药前进行前臂远端密质骨、松质骨骨密度的测量,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IGF-1的浓度。受试者每日口服90 μg维生素K2,疗程3个月。服药后复查骨密度及血清IGF-1水平。 结果老年骨质疏松患者松质骨及密质骨骨密度均有不同程度提高(P<0.05)。所有受试者血清IGF-1水平显著高于用药前(P<0.01)。 结论维生素K2补充有助于提高老年原发性骨质疏松患者的骨密度及血清IGF-1水平。
核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能和步行能力的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能和步行能力的影响。方法将60例脑卒中患者随机分为对照组和观察组,两组均采用常规康复治疗,观察组同时施加核心稳定性训练。治疗前后分别采用躯干损害量表、Berg量表、步行功能分级和10 m最大步行速度进行指标测评。结果经6 w康复训练治疗后,观察组及对照组各测评指标较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05);观察组各项指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.001)。结论核心稳定性训练可以更好地改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡及步行功能,并且疗效持续性好。
二维斑点追踪显像技术评估缺血性心肌病患者左心房功能的应用价值

目的探讨二维斑点追踪显像(2D-STI)技术评估缺血性心肌病(ICM)患者左心房功能的临床应用价值。方法确诊为ICM的患者35例为ICM组,另选同期来院体检的健康人群32例为对照组。运用2D-STI技术检测两组受试者的收缩期应变(Ss)和应变率(SRs),舒张早期应变(Se)和应变率(SRe),舒张晚期应变(Sa)和应变率(SRa),计算得到相应房壁的平均应变(mSs、mSe和mSa)及平均应变率(mSRs、mSRe和mSRa);采用双平面面积-长度法(L-A法)测量两组受试者的左心房容积,包括左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVp)、被动射血分数(LAPEF)、主动射血分数(LAAEF)、左心房总射血分数(LATEF),并分析左心房射血分数指标与应变率之间的相关性。结果ICM组LAVmax、LAVp和LAVmin容积指标均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);而其LATEF、LAPEF与LAAEF指标则明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。ICM组患者左心房mSs、mSRs、mSe、mSRe、mSa和mSRa指标均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。ICM患者中,LAPEF、LAAEF、LATEF分别与|SRe|、|SRa|、SRs呈正相关(r=0.73、0.70、0.69;P均<0.05)。结论2D-STI技术能够测量ICM患者左心房在整个心动周期不同时相的应变及应变率,准确评估其左心房功能,值得推广。
原发性癫痫的功能磁共振成像研究进展

癫痫是由不同病因引起的脑部神经元高度同步化异常放电的临床综合征,以发作性、短暂性及重复性的中枢神经系统功能失常为特征。本病除遗传因素外无其他确切病因,仅有脑电生理学改变者称为原发性癫痫。目前,由于药物治疗并不能很好地控制癫痫发作,神经外科手术成为控制其发作的重要手段,而其疗效有赖于癫痫灶的准确定位。近年来,功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)的迅速发展为癫痫灶的精确定位提供了更多的方法。目前使用较多的fMRI技术包括血氧水平依赖的功能磁共振成像(blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI,BOLDfMRI) 、扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)、磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)等。本文旨在阐述近年原发性癫痫的fMRI研究进展。
Aging Behavior of Nano-SiC/2014Al Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy and Hot Extrusion Techniques

The aging-hardening kinetics of powder metallurgy processed 2014Al alloy and its composite have been studied. The existence of n-SiC particulates leads to the increase of peak hardness. Interestingly, the aginghardening peak of the composite takes place at earlier time than that of the unreinforced alloy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicated that the major precipitation phases are Al_5Cu_2Mn_3 and θ′ (Al_2Cu). Besides, Ω phase appeared in both specimens at peak hardening condition, which has been rarely observed previously in aluminum metal matrix composites without Ag. Accelerated aging kinetics and increased peak hardness may be attributed to the higher dislocation density resulted from the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion between n-SiC and 2014Al matrix. The results are beneficial to fabricating high performance composites for the application in automobile field such as pistons, driveshaft tubes, brake rotors, bicycle frames, railroad brakes.
不同通气方式下急性上消化道出血胃镜诊治的比较

急性上消化道出血是临床常见急症,早期诊断和治疗关系着抢救的成败。快速出血导致休克甚至误吸,苏醒期各种并发症及苏醒延迟影响术后恢复。因此,急诊胃镜辅助诊疗的麻醉选择应力求循环稳定、呼吸道通畅,同时苏醒迅速平稳。本研究通过比较自主呼吸下静脉全麻与气管插管全麻辅助急诊胃镜诊疗过程中患者循环与呼吸参数的改变以及苏醒期并发症的发生及苏醒时间的影响因素,为临床救治上消化道急性出血患者提供参考。
超声诊断腹膜假性黏液瘤

腹膜假性黏液瘤是一种临床较少见的黏液外分泌性细胞在腹膜种植,并于腹腔内产生大量胶冻状腹腔积液的疾病。本文回顾性分析我院经病理确诊的9例腹膜假性黏液瘤的声像图。
儿童脾脏隐球菌感染影像学表现一例

讨论隐球菌广泛分布于自然界中,尤其常见于禽类的粪便(鸽粪)。存在免疫功能缺陷或患有基础疾病的儿童是隐球菌的易感人群,但研究发现有相当比例的隐球菌病患儿免疫功能正常。隐球菌感染多局限于颅内或肺部,也可播散至全身其他部位,如肝脏、脾脏、皮肤、淋巴结、肾上腺等,其早期的病理表现为弥漫的浸润性渗出病变,晚期则表现为肉芽肿形成。
An efficient synthesis of novel pyridothieno-fused thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinones via Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient method for the synthesis of novel pyrido[3",2":4',5']thieno[3',2':2,3]pyrido [4,5:d][1,3]thiazolo[ 3,2-a]pyrimidine-4-one derivatives (5) has been developed using a Pictet–Spengler reaction between 2-(3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidin-5-one (3), which could be obtained from the condensation of 7-(chloromethyl)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one (1) with 3-cyanopyridine-2-thione (2) via Thorpe–Ziegler isomerization, and aromatic aldehydes under NH_2SO_3H as catalysis in good yields.
The fabrication of hollow magnetite microspheres with a nearly 100% morphological yield and their applications in lithium ion batteries

Hollow Fe_3O_4 (H-Fe_3O_4) microspheres were fabricated through a facile one-step solvothermal synthesis, which was performed in an ethylene glycol (EG)–diethylene glycol (DEG) mixed solvent using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the stabilizer. The addition of DEG increased the viscosity of the system, which caused the Fe_3O_4 primary crystal to aggregate slower and the morphological yield to approach nearly 100%. The as-prepared hollow Fe_3O_4 microspheres show promise for application in lithium ion battery anodes and showed a reversible specific capacity of 453.3 mAh g~(-1) after 50 cycles at 100 mA g~(-1).
Synthesis of renewable isosorbide-based monomer and preparation of the corresponding thermosets

Two kinds of difunctionalized isosorbide derivatives containing norbornene groups were designed and synthesized by a facile one-step reaction under mild conditions. ~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the distinct curing behaviors between conventional petroleum-based dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and synthesized renewable isosorbided-based monomer (ISN). In contrast to DCPD, ISN was low viscous liquid at room temperature and had even higher reactivity to perform ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of Grubbs’ catalyst. Due to the presence of flexible and elastic Si–C long chains, the cured poly(ISN) thermosets not only had good mechanical properties but also exhibited much higher storage modulus at the rubbery state in comparison with traditional poly(DCPD).
Development of new potentiometric sensors for the determination of proguanil hydrochloride in serum and urine

Potentiometric electrodes were developed for the rapid determination of proguanil hydrochloride in pure samples, pharmaceutical preparations and spiked serum and urine samples using PVC membrane, screen printed (SPE), coated wired (CWE), carbon paste (CPE) and modified carbon paste (MCPE) electrodes based on the ion-exchanger of proguanil with phosphotungestic acid (Pr-PT) as a chemical modifier. The prepared electrodes showed Nernestian slopes of 59.7, 58.1, 58.5, 58.5 and 57.0 for the PVC, SPE, CWE, CPE and MCPE for the proguanil ions in a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10~(-5)–1.0 × 10~(-2) mol L~(-1) at 25 °C with detection limits of 7.94 × 10~(-6), 1.0 × 10~(-5), 1.0 × 10~(-6), 7.07 × 10~(-6) and 2.5 × 10~(-6) mol L~(-1), respectively. The prepared electrodes exhibited high proguanil selectivity in relation to several inorganic ions and sugars and they could be successfully utilized for its determination in pure solutions, pharmaceutical preparations and serum and urine samples using the direct potentiometry and standard addition methods with very good recovery values.
High loading Pt nanoparticles on ordered mesoporous carbon sphere arrays for highly active methanol electro-oxidation

Three-dimensionally (3D) ordered mesoporous carbon sphere arrays (OMCS) are explored to support high loading (60 wt%) Pt nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The OMCS has a unique hierarchical nanostructure with ordered large mesopores and macropores that can facilitate high dispersion of the Pt nanoparticles and fast mass transport during the reactions. The prepared Pt/OMCS exhibits uniformly dispersed Pt nanoparticles with an average size of ~2.0 nm on the mesoporous walls of the carbon spheres. The Pt/OMCS catalyst shows significantly enhanced specific electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) (73.5 m~2 g~(-1)) and electrocatalytic activity (0.69 mA cm~(-2)) for the MOR compared with the commercial 60 wt% Pt/C catalyst.
Isolated supramolecules on surfaces studied with scanning tunneling microscopy

To date, supramolecular chemistry is an ever growing research field owing to its crucial role in molecular catalysis, recognition, medicine, data storage and processing as well as artificial photosynthetic devices. Different isolated supramolecules were prepared by molecular self-assembly on surfaces. This review mainly focuses on supramolecular aggregations on noble metal surfaces studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, including dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, wire-like assemblies and Sierpinski triangular fractals. The variety of self-assembled structures reflects the subtle balance between intermolecular and molecule–substrate interactions, which to some extent may be controlled by molecules, substrates and the molecular coverage. The comparative study of different architectures helps identifying the operative mechanisms that lead to the structural motifs. The application of these mechanisms may lead to novel assemblies with tailored physicochemical properties.
Using Computational Intelligence Algorithms to Solve the Coalition Structure Generation Problem in Coalitional Skill Games

Coalitional skill games (CSGs) are a simple model of cooperation in an uncertain environment where each agent has a set of skills that are required to accomplish a variety of tasks and each task requires a set of skills to be completed, but each skill is very hard to be quantified and can only be qualitatively expressed. Thus far, many computational questions surrounding CSGs have been studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, the coalition structure generation problem (CSGP), as a central issue of CSGs, is extremely challenging and has not been well solved. To this end, two different computational intelligence algorithms are herein evaluated: binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and binary differential evolution (BDE). In particular, we develop the two stochastic search algorithms with two-dimensional binary encoding and corresponding heuristic for individual repairs. After that, we discuss some fundamental properties of the proposed heuristic. Finally, we compare the improved BPSO and BDE with the state-of-the-art algorithms for solving CSGP in CSGs. The experimental results show that our algorithms can find the same near optimal solutions with the existing approaches but take extremely short time, especially under the large problem size.
Quaternion-based robust trajectory tracking control for uncertain quadrotors

This paper presents a robust nonlinear controller design approach for uncertain quadrotors to implement trajectory tracking missions. The quaternion representation is applied to describe the rotational dynamics in order to avoid the singularity problem existing in the Euler angle representation. A nonlinear robust controller is proposed, which consists of an attitude controller to stabilize the rotational motions and a position controller to control translational motions. The quadrotor dynamics involves uncertainties such as parameter uncertainties, nonlinearities, and external disturbances and their effects on closed-loop control system can be guaranteed to be restrained. Simulation results on the quadrotor demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control approach.
Quality control and homogenization of daily meteorological data in the trans-boundary region of the Jhelum River basin

Many studies such as climate variability, climate change, trend analysis, hydrological designs, agriculture decision-making etc. require long-term homogeneous datasets. Since homogeneous climate data is not available for climate analysis in Pakistan and India, the present study emphases on an extensive quality control and homogenization of daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation data in the Jhelum River basin, Pakistan and India. A combination of different quality control methods and relative homogeneity tests were applied to achieve the objective of the study. To check the improvement after homogenization, correlation coefficients between the test and reference series calculated before and after the homogenization process were compared with each other. It was found that about 0.59%, 0.78% and 0.023% of the total data values are detected as outliers in maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation data, respectively. About 32% of maximum temperature, 50% of minimum temperature and 7% of precipitation time series were inhomogeneous, in the Jhelum River basin. After the quality control and homogenization, 1% to 11% improvement was observed in the infected climate variables. This study concludes that precipitation daily time series are fairly homogeneous, except two stations (Naran and Gulmarg), and of a good quality. However, maximum and minimum temperature datasets require an extensive quality control and homogeneity check before using them into climate analysis in the Jhelum River basin.
Tolterodine reduces veratridine-augmented late I_(Na), reverse-I_(NCX) and early afterdepolarizations in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes

Aim: The augmentation of late sodium current (I_(Na.L)) not only causes intracellular Na~+ accumulation, which results in intracellular Ca~(2+) overload via the reverse mode of the Na~+/Ca~(2+) exchange current (reverse-I_(NCX)), but also prolongs APD and induces early afterdepolarizations (EAD), which can lead to arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction. Thus, the inhibition of I_(Na.L) is considered to be a potential way for therapeutic intervention in ischemia and heart failure. In this study we investigated the effects of tolterodine (Tol), a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist, on normal and veratridine (Ver)-augmented I_(Na.L), reverse-I_(NCX) and APD in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, which might contribute to its cardioprotective activity. Methods: Rabbit ventricular myocytes were prepared. The /Na.L and reverse-/NCX were recorded in voltage clamp mode, whereas action potentials and Ver-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) were recorded in current clamp mode. Drugs were applied via superfusion. Results: Tol (3-120 nmol/L) concentration-dependently inhibited the normal and Ver-augmented I_(Na.L) with IC_(50) values of 32.08 nmol/L and 42.47 nmol/L, respectively. Atropine (100 μmol/L) did not affect the inhibitory effects of Tol (30 nmol/L) on Ver-augmented I_(Na.L). In contrast, much high concentrations of Tol was needed to inhibit the transient sodium current (I_(Na.T)) with an IC_(50) value of 183.03 μmol/L. In addition, Tol (30 nmol/L) significantly shifted the inactivation curve of I_(Na.T) toward a more depolarizing membrane potential without affecting its activation characteristics. Moreover, Tol (30 nmol/L) significantly decreased Ver-augmented reverse-/NCX. Tol (30 nmol/L) increased the action potential duration (APD) by 16% under the basal conditions. Ver (20 μmol/L) considerably extended the APD and evoked EADs in 18/24 cells (75%). In the presence of Ver, Tol (30 nmol/L) markedly decreased the APD and eliminated EADs(0/24 cells). Conclusion: Tol inhibits normal and Ver-augmented /NaL and decreases Ver-augmented reverse-/NCX. In addition, Tol reverses the prolongation of the APD and eliminates the EADs induced by Ver, thus prevents Ver-induced arrhythmia.
择期结直肠癌手术后院内死亡分析

目的分析结直肠癌患者择期手术后院内死亡的主要原因,以期为临床制定相应对策提供参考。方法2010年1月至2014年12月间第二军医大学附属长海医院肛肠外科行择期手术治疗结直肠癌患者3 557例,其中10例(0.28%)出现术后院内死亡,并纳入本回顾性分析。结果本组10例患者中,2周内死亡者4例,其中3例先后在术后1 ~ 9 d内死于肺栓塞,另1例术后3 d出现吻合口瘘,并因脓毒血症于术后第9天死亡。术后3周左右及以后死亡者6例,其中2例死于吻合口瘘相关性感染(1例为直肠吻合口瘘,1例为胰肠吻合口瘘),2例死于肺部严重感染,1例死于菌群易位导致的脓毒症,另1例死于短路术后肿瘤突发性破裂出血。结论肺栓塞和感染性并发症是择期结直肠癌术后院内死亡的主要原因,有针对性地在围手术期进行积极防范血栓性疾病将有助于进一步降低术后院内死亡的发生风险。
埕岛油田分层防砂提液技术研究及应用

针对埕岛油田前期防砂后未能实现多油层均匀填砂,导致产能过低的问题,对前期防砂工艺中使用的分层防砂管柱进行了优化设计与改进,同时研制了适用于海上油田大排量提液的一趟管柱分层挤压充填防砂技术。分层防砂提液技术已在埕岛油田22口井中成功应用,与笼统防砂技术相比,分层防砂后原油增产30%以上,增液幅度可以达到120%左右,现场应用效果显著。现场应用表明,改进后的分层挤压充填技术可满足埕岛海上油田防砂提液的要求,建议推广应用。
二氧化碳对重质链状烷烃的膨胀效应

目前CO_2对烃类纯组分膨胀效应研究主要针对碳数小于16的轻质中质烷烃,对碳数大于16的重质烷烃并未涉及,为此,选取碳数为20~32的3种重质链状烷烃,分别与CO_2组成不同物质的量之比的二元体系,进行不同温度下的恒质膨胀实验,获取重质链状烷烃-CO_2体系膨胀系数的基础数据,探究CO_2对于重质链状烷烃的膨胀效应。实验结果表明:相同状态时,不同碳数的重质链状烷烃-CO_2体系的膨胀程度影响几乎相同;在CO_2含量较高时,温度和压力对膨胀程度有一定影响,温度越高、压力越小,体系膨胀程度越大;膨胀系数随CO_2物质的量百分含量增加呈抛物线趋势增大。研究结果对于水驱后重组分含量较高的原油开展CO_2驱相态计算具有重要的理论指导意义。
多轮次压降试井求取含油饱和度研究

针对碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏非均质性强,常规测井解释得到的静态含油饱和度不能代表整个缝洞单元的实际情况,利用注水后闷井期间压降试井技术手段,结合多轮次试井数据求解碳酸盐岩缝洞单元的含油饱和度。在忽略溶洞岩石压缩系数的条件下,将2轮次试井解释得到的含油饱和度差值与实际采出量进行试算,确定缝洞单元的控制体积,并精确计算缝洞单元剩余储量。通过实例计算,该方法计算的缝洞体体积与地质建模结果基本吻合,能有效计算缝洞型油藏剩余油饱和度及剩余储量,对于后期挖潜剩余油具有指导意义。