mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of generation of large (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)-type precipitates in H13 + Nb tool steel

The characteristics and generation mechanism of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates larger than 2 μm in Nb-containing H13 bar steel were studied. The results show that two types of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) phases exist—a Ti-V-rich one and an Nb-rich one—in the form of single or complex precipitates. The sizes of the single Ti-V-rich (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates are mostly within 5 to 10 μm, whereas the sizes of the single Nb-rich precipitates are mostly 2-5 μm. The complex precipitates are larger and contain an inner Ti-V-rich layer and an outer Nb-rich layer. The compositional distribution of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) is concentrated. The average composition of the single Ti-V-rich phase is (Ti_(0.511)V_(0.356)Nb_(0.133))(C_xN_y), whereas that for the single Nb-rich phase is (Ti_(0.061)V_(0.263)Nb_(0.676))(C_xN_y). The calculation results based on the Scheil-Gulliver model in the Thermo-Calc software combining with the thermal stability experiments show that the large phases precipitate during the solidification process. With the development of solidification, the Ti-V-rich phase precipitates first and becomes homogeneous during the subsequent temperature reduction and heat treatment processes. The Nb-rich phase appears later.
Accuracy and effectiveness of self-gating signals in free-breathing three-dimensional cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging

Conventional multiple breath-hold two-dimensional (2D) balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) presents many difficulties in cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, a self-gated free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) SSFP technique has been proposed as an alternative in many studies. However, the accuracy and effectiveness of selfgating signals have been barely studied before. Since self-gating signals are crucially important in image reconstruction, a systematic study of self-gating signals and comparison with external monitored signals are needed. Previously developed self-gated free-breathing 3D SSFP techniques are used on twenty-eight healthy volunteers. Both electrocardiographic (ECG) and respiratory bellow signals are also acquired during the scan as external signals. Self-gating signal and external signal are compared by trigger and gating window. Gating window is proposed to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of respiratory self-gating signal. Relative deviation of the trigger and root-mean-square-deviation of the cycle duration are calculated. A two-tailed paired t-test is used to identify the difference between self-gating and external signals. A Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to identify the difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers. The results demonstrate an excellent correlation (P=0, R>0.99) between self-gating and external triggers. Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is no significant difference between peak and valley self-gating triggers for both cardiac (H = 0, P > 0.10) and respiratory (H = 0, P > 0.44) motions. The difference between self-gating and externally monitored signals is not significant (two-tailed paired-sample t-test: H = 0, P > 0.90). The self-gating signals could demonstrate cardiac and respiratory motion accurately and effectively as ECG and respiratory bellow. The difference between the two methods is not significant and can be explained. Furthermore, few ECG trigger errors appear in some subjects while these errors are not found in self-gating signals.
Structure-dependent behaviors of diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier under electrostatic discharge stress

The comprehensive understanding of the structure-dependent electrostatic discharge behaviors in a conventional diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier (DTSCR) is presented in this paper. Combined with the device simulation, a mathematical model is built to get a more in-depth insight into this phenomenon. The theoretical studies are verified by the transmission-line-pulsing (TLP) test results of the modified DTSCR structure, which is realized in a 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process. The detailed analysis of the physical mechanism is used to provide predictions as the DTSCR-based protection scheme is required. In addition, a method is also presented to achieve the tradeoff between the leakage and trigger voltage in DTSCR.
Array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array: An experimental study

An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-tonoise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.
Developments of parabolic equation method in the period of 2000–2016

Parabolic equation (PE) method is an efficient tool for modelling underwater sound propagation, particularly for problems involving range dependence. Since the PE method was first introduced into the field of underwater acoustics, it has been about 40 years, during which contributions to extending its capability has been continuously made. The most recent review paper surveyed the contributions made before 1999. In the period of 2000–2016, the development of PE method basically focuses on seismo-acoustic problems, three-dimensional problems, and realistic applications. In this paper, a review covering the contribution from 2000 to 2016 is given, and what should be done in future work is also discussed.
Electronic structure of O-doped SiGe calculated by DFT+U method

To more in depth understand the doping effects of oxygen on SiGe alloys, both the micro-structure and properties of O-doped SiGe (including: bulk, (001) surface, and (110) surface) are calculated by DFT +U method in the present work. The calculated results are as follows. (i) The (110) surface is the main exposing surface of SiGe, in which O impurity prefers to occupy the surface vacancy sites. (ii) For O interstitial doping on SiGe (110) surface, the existences of energy states caused by O doping in the band gap not only enhance the infrared light absorption, but also improve the behaviors of photo-generated carriers. (iii) The finding about decreased surface work function of O-doped SiGe (110) surface can confirm previous experimental observations. (iv) In all cases, O doing mainly induces the electronic structures near the band gap to vary, but is not directly involved in these variations. Therefore, these findings in the present work not only can provide further explanation and analysis for the corresponding underlying mechanism for some of the experimental findings reported in the literature, but also conduce to the development of μc-SiGe-based solar cells in the future.
Selective generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers

In this paper, we describe a modal expansion approach for the analysis of the selective generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). With the modal expansion approach for waveguide excitation, an analytical expression of the Lamb wave’s mode expansion coefficient is deduced, which is related to the driving frequency and the geometrical parameters of the EMAT’s meander coil, and lays a theoretical foundation for exactly analyzing the selective generation of Lamb waves with EMATs. The influences of the driving frequency on the mode expansion coefficient of ultrasonic Lamb waves are analyzed when the EMAT’s geometrical parameters are given. The numerical simulations and experimental examinations show that the ultrasonic Lamb wave modes can be effectively regulated (strengthened or restrained) by choosing an appropriate driving frequency of EMAT, with the geometrical parameters given. This result provides a theoretical and experimental basis for selectively generating a single and pure Lamb wave mode with EMATs.
Large adsorption energies for CO on Sc_n (n = 2 8, 13) nanoclusters

In order to seek a transition metal cluster with high ability to adsorb CO molecule, the author performs a density function theory calculation on COSc_n (n = 2–8, 13) clusters. The results demonstrate that COSc_n (n = 2–8, 13) clusters have the large adsorption energies of which the values are over 3.6 eV, and the elongations of C–O bond length exceed 20% in most calculated sizes. Adsorbing CO contributes to the improvement of the chemical activity, but reduces the magnetic moment of corresponding Sc_n cluster.
熵权TOPSIS法综合评价直播与移栽当归药材的质量

目的综合评价直播与移栽当归药材的质量,分析引起质量差异的主要原因。方法以当归药材中总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、挥发油、多糖及4种化学成分(阿魏酸、Z-藁本内酯、正丁基苯酞、正丁烯基苯酞)为指标,建立评价当归药材质量的TOPSIS模型,利用SPSS软件对各指标成分进行t检验。结果移栽当归排名靠前,质量较好,直播与移栽当归的浸出物、挥发油、阿魏酸及Z-藁本内酯的含量呈极显著差异。结论结合熵权TOPSIS法及SPSS软件,可客观、准确的评价直播与移栽当归药材的质量,对比分析当归质量差异来源,以期为直播与移栽当归质量评价提供一定理论依据。
复方番石榴制剂对超重肥胖2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗影响的临床研究

目的研究复方番石榴制剂对超重肥胖2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法选取广州中医药大学附属中山医院诊治的超重肥胖2型糖尿病患者120例,将入组患者随机分为2组,治疗组予复方番石榴制剂联合二甲双胍肠溶片,对照组予二甲双胍肠溶片,两组均用药12周,于治疗前、治疗12周后分别记录其空腹血糖(FBG) 、餐后2h血糖(P2BG) 、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c) 、胆固醇(TC) 、甘油三酯(TG) 、低密度脂蛋白(LDL - C) 、高密度脂蛋白(HDL - C) 、脂联素(APN) 、C -反应蛋白(CRP) 、空腹胰岛素(FINS)等指标,根据公式计算患者胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA - β), 并对以上指标进行统计学分析。结果治疗组治疗后FBG、P2BG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL - C、CRP较治疗前明显下降(P < 0.05);两组比较,治疗12周后治疗组患者的FBG、P2BG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL - C与对照组比较有显著性差异(P < 0.05), 但CRP与对照组比较无显著性差异(P > 0.05);治疗后,两组的FINS、HOMA - β、APN均有一定程度的上升,治疗组治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 两组治疗后比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P < 0.05) 。结论复方番石榴制剂联合二甲双胍具有较好的降糖、降脂作用,且能改善胰岛素抵抗。其对脂联素水平的调控可能是纠正胰岛素抵抗的重要机制。
核受体家族4A(NR4A)与免疫细胞及相关疾病关系的研究进展

核受体家族4A(NR4A)是核受体亚家族成员,其转录活性很大程度上由其表达水平决定。NR4A参与多种信号转导通路,如核因子κB(NF-κB)通路等,调控相关靶基因的表达,在T淋巴细胞、造血干细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)等免疫细胞的分化、发育中发挥重要作用。它还参与机体自身免疫耐受及免疫自稳态的形成,可以通过调节免疫细胞极化作用控制机体炎症应答的强度。NR4A基因缺失可以导致严重的自身免疫反应。此外,NR4A受体在机体代谢、免疫功能、心血管疾病、神经系统功能、炎症性疾病、恶性肿瘤中扮演重要角色。
脉络膜前动脉梗死的临床研究进展

脉络膜前动脉(AChA)为颈内动脉的重要分支,解剖结构变异较多,供血范围广泛,其梗死机制尚无定论,临床表现多样,易导致严重后果,结合影像学检查是其获得诊断的关键。本文综述近年来国内外关于AChA梗死的临床研究情况。
重组人p53腺病毒治疗肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效

目的观察短期内胸腔内注射重组人p53腺病毒缓解肺腺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的效果和毒副作用。方法纳入肺腺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的患者226例,随机分成Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,均给予胸腔置管,反复引流并尽可能排净胸腔积液。Ⅰ组76例,胸腔内注入重组人p53腺病毒注射液1×10~(12)VP;Ⅱ组82例,胸腔内注入顺铂30 mg/m~2;Ⅲ组68例,注入重组人p53腺病毒注射液1×10~(12)VP 72 h后注入顺铂30 mg/m~2,1次/w,共注射4 w。结果Ⅰ组有效率(CR+PR)84.2%,Ⅱ组46.3%,Ⅲ组85.3%,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组比较具有显著差异(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组间无明显差异(P>0.05);3组生活质量均有提高,而Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组提高幅度明显优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);副作用方面,除发热外,食欲下降、白细胞下降Ⅰ组明显少于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论重组人p53腺病毒注射液短期内注射入胸腔对于缓解肺腺癌所致恶性胸腔积液有效,毒副作用较少,可提高生活质量,是一种治疗肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液的新方法。
光敏剂喜泊分对H22肝癌小鼠移植瘤的放射增敏效果

目的观察光敏剂喜泊分对H22肝癌小鼠移植瘤的放射增敏效果。方法建立H22肝癌细胞小鼠移植瘤模型,将荷瘤小鼠随机分为对照组、放疗1组、联合治疗1组、放疗2组、联合治疗2组、放疗3组、联合治疗3组,观察第14天瘤体积、抑瘤率、增敏系数、小鼠生存时间、病理、细胞凋亡等指标。结果喜泊分联合放疗能够抑制小鼠移植瘤生长,尤其联合治疗2组,第14天瘤体积明显减小、增敏系数>1,有最佳增敏效果,能够明显延长小鼠生存时间,病理HE染色显示,联合治疗2组肿瘤细胞坏死数量最多,坏死范围最大,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡显示联合治疗2组凋亡率最高。结论喜泊分联合放疗可以有效减小瘤体积,提高抑瘤率,延长小鼠生存时间,促使细胞凋亡,具有良好的放射增敏效果。
当前长江生态环境修复重点

长江经济带生态优先、绿色发展方针已经明确,但对当前河流生态环境问题产生的主要原因与修复重点,认识上还很模糊。讨论这一问题对落实中央精神、顺利推进长江经济带建设具有重要意义。
深腹式呼吸矫正孕晚期臀位2例

总之,臀位的发生不仅与胎儿和母体生殖系统异常有关,也可能与母体的身心压力明显相关。通过适当的心理学放松技术,诱导孕妇放松后深腹式呼吸,可以促进母体气道与子宫松弛、改善子宫血供与胎儿氧供、激发胎儿活动,从而实现臀位矫正。
PAX1基因及其甲基化在宫颈癌作用的分子机制研究进展

PAX1隶属于配对盒基因家族,是一种重要的转录调控因子,PAX1通过调控细胞增殖,诱导细胞定向迁移等参与胚胎发育过程中重要器官的形成。新近研究表明,PAX1在宫颈癌组织中的甲基化频率非常高,且随病情的演变呈现明显的上升趋势。PAX1甲基化检测与HPV检测相比具有更高的敏感性和特异性。开展PAX1基因的甲基化检测有助于提高宫颈癌的检出率。目前,PAX1与其他一些甲基化基因联合应用检测宫颈癌的方法成为研究热点。但是,PAX1甲基化在宫颈癌中作用的分子机制研究还尚处于初步阶段。
工欲解黑臭必先治管道———《城市黑臭水体整治———排水口、管道及检查井治理技术指南》解读

住房和城乡建设部按照国务院《水污染防治行动计划》确定的城市黑臭水体整治目标和工作要求,为指导各地准确把握当前整治城市黑臭水体的核心和关键问题,科学有效实施控源截污措施,在《城市黑臭水体整治工作指南》的基础上,近期又组织编制了《城市黑臭水体整治———排水口、管道及检查井治理技术指南(试行)》(以下简称技术指南)。该技术指南发布的目的就是在技术层面深化和细化工作指南中的“控源截污”和“就地处理”两项重要任务;指导各地能够在有限的时间,抓住导致水体黒臭的关键点和核心,采取有针对性的措施,实现有限目标。
低位消防水池有效容积设计计算

《消防给水及消火栓系统技术规范》(GB 50974-2014)2014年10月1日实施后,改变了以往没有独立的消防给水及消火栓系统设计、施工、验收规范的情况,使得水消防系统设计更有依据。根据新规范要求分析了一个住宅小区内各个单体建筑的室内外消防用水量,最终计算出消防水池有效容积。
关于桂林市建设备用水源的思考

桂林市属于供水水源单一型城市,针对桂林市饮用水水源现状和存在的安全隐患,论述了建立城市应急备用水源工程的必要性和可行性,提出了建立以漓江水源为主,以周边水库、漓江支流和地下水水源为辅的城市饮用水供水体系,以保障城市供水安全。
宁波市江东水厂改造工程设计

江东水厂是一座有60年历史的老厂,工程通过实施就地改造、保留现状构筑物的主体结构,将原10万m~3/d虹吸滤池改造为20万m~3/d超滤膜池,实现了提标改造,水量翻倍的目标。在确定净水工艺的设计参数前,进行了相关中试,验证了超滤膜工艺对当地水质和水厂现有沉淀出水的适应性,为设计选择合理的膜通量、过膜压差、过滤周期及膜清洗等参数提供了依据。
携带腓肠外侧皮神经的游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足前部软组织缺损

足前部即跖趾关节及以远的部位,包括第1,5跖趾关节,有重要负重功能。足前部损伤临床上常见且常伴肌腱及骨质外露,需皮瓣移植修复创面。足前部修复不仅要求满足外观也要求其耐磨,更需重建皮瓣感觉。足部带蒂皮瓣、足背皮神经营养皮瓣虽与前足颜色、质地相近,但穿支细小,难以修复大面积创面。而使用足底、足背岛状皮瓣,需牺牲主干血管,对供区损伤较大。游离股前外侧皮瓣虽能修复大面积创面,但皮瓣臃肿且术后感觉功能恢复差,限制其应用。而携带腓肠外侧皮神经的游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣,能很好重建皮瓣感觉且厚薄适中,是修复足前部皮肤软组织缺损的较好选择之一。笔者回顾性分析我科2009年1月-2012年12月应用携带腓肠外侧皮神经的游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足前部软组织缺损5例,获得较好的临床疗效,皮瓣成活良好,感觉恢复满意。现报告如下。
手术治疗基底节丘脑区巨大海绵状血管畸形一例报告并文献复习

幕上颅内海绵状血管畸形(cavernous malformation,CM),是颅内常见的血管畸形之一。对于有明显症状的浅表非功能区CM病灶,以手术治疗为主,但对于幕上深部(尤其是位于丘脑、基底节区)累及功能区的CM病灶,由于手术后出现合并症的风险较高,治疗方式的选择一直困扰着临床医生。首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科于2012年3月手术治疗1例有伽玛刀治疗及手术切除史的基底节、丘脑区域的巨大海绵状血管畸形的患者,其疗效满意。现报道如下。
燃煤烟气体积热值比的提出及应用

火电厂炉后环保系统设计中,烟气量是一项重要参数,正常设计中无法判断设计取用烟气量的大小。本论文通过燃煤分析,提出燃煤烟气体积热值比,即每千克燃煤产生的烟气量与收到基低位发热量的比值。湿基燃煤烟气体积热值比按照无烟煤、贫煤、烟煤、褐煤的顺序呈现逐渐变大的趋势,影响不同煤种烟气体积差别的主要因素为燃煤中收到基全水分。干基燃煤烟气体积热值比与燃煤成份关系不大,在较小范围内变化。在设计过程中,通过计算燃煤烟气体积热值比可以判断本工程设计采用的烟气量是偏小还是偏大,从而指导后续设备选型中烟气量裕量选择。
基于窄带模型的新灰气体加权和模型关联式

基于窄带模型计算得到了不同H_2O和CO_2的摩尔比、不同温度、不同行程下的总黑度,以此为基础,提出了可用于富氧燃烧条件下气体辐射换热计算的新的灰气体加权和模型关联式。该关联式中,灰气体的吸收系数和权值均是气体温度以及H_2O和CO_2的摩尔比的函数,而在传统的灰气体加权和模型中气体的灰吸收系数为定值。新的关系式可以提高灰气体加权和模型的准确性,与用统计窄带模型计算得到的总黑度相比,最大相对误差在5%以内。
分布式冷热电联供系统变工况性能实验研究

在分布式冷热电联供系统试验平台上,实验分析了系统各单元设备及系统随内燃机输出功率变化的变工况运行特性。该实验平台动力机采用柴油机,额定功率为50 kW,随着柴油机输出功率的增加,系统一次能源利用率和相对节能率先增加后减少,存在最大值。当柴油机输出功率为40 kW左右,一次能源利用率达到最大为76.0%,相对节能率最大达到29.5%;当负荷过低时,相对节能率为负值,系统相对于分产系统不节能。探讨了提高冷热电联供系统变工况性能的措施。
白鲜皮化学成分及药理活性研究进展

白鲜皮是芸香科植物白鲜的干燥根皮,为多年生草本植物,主要分布在中国北方,其化学成分包括生物碱、柠檬苦素、黄酮、倍半萜及其苷类、甾体等化合物,具有多种药理活性,主要包括抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、抗虫、抗过敏、止血、抗氧化等。本文通过CNKI、PubMed等数据库检索,共参考1986 ~ 2015年间发表的18篇中文文献和30篇外文文献,对白鲜皮化学成分及药理活性的研究进展进行综述,为该植物的进一步研究与应用提供参考。
Mapping of long-range chromatin interactions by proximity ligation-assisted ChIP-seq

Formation of long-range chromatin loops is a crucial step in transcriptional activation of target genes by distal enhancers [1-2]. Mapping such structural features can help define target genes for enhancers and annotate non-coding sequence variants linked to human diseases [1-3]. Study of the higher-order chromatin organization has been facilitated by the development of chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based technologies [4,5]. Among the commonly used high-throughput 3C approaches are Hi-C [6] and chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) [7]. Global analysis of long-range chromatin interactions using Hi-C has been achieved at kilobase resolution but requires billions of sequencing reads [8]. High-resolution analysis of long-range chromatin interactions at selected genomic regions can be attained cost-effectively through either ChIA-PET [7,9] or targeted capture and sequencing of Hi-C libraries [10]. ChIA-PET has been used to identify long-range interactions at promoters and enhancers at high resolution in various cell types and species [11]. However, this procedure requires hundreds of million cells as starting materials, likely because chromatin immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation are performed after chromatin shearing, which potentially leads to great disruption of protein/DNA complexes. To reduce the amount of input materials and improve the sensitivity and robustness of the assay, we developed Proximity Ligation-Assisted ChIP-seq (PLAC-seq), in which proximity ligation is conducted in nuclei prior to chromatin shearing and immunoprecipitation (Figure 1A, Supplementary information, Figure S1A and Data S1). We demonstrated that by switching the order of proximity ligation and chromatin shearing steps, PLAC-seq greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy over ChIA-PET [7, 9] in detection of long-range chromatin interactions in mammalian cells.
远程耦合世界的可持续性框架

远距离之间的相互作用及其影响日益广泛。这种远程相互作用往往会对可持续发展产生深远的影响并会造成意想不到的结果。很多可持续性研究都是针对某个特定地点进行的,很少注重多个地点之间远程相互作用对可持续性所产生的影响。虽然有些研究涉及到远程因素,但通常都把它们看作外在变量,而未把它们看作反馈。为了更好地理解和综合各种远程相互作用,本文提出了一种基于远程耦合的综合框架,它是一个远距离社会经济和环境相互作用的总体概念。人类与自然耦合系统是研究在特定地点发生的相互作用,远程耦合概念是对人类与自然耦合系统研究的自然延伸。远程耦合框架包括五个相关的组成部分,即:人类与自然耦合系统、流、代理、原因、和影响。本文通过农产品贸易和物种入侵两个远程相互作用的例子来解释远程耦合框架,重点阐述远程耦合框架的影响,并讨论促进远程耦合研究发展的研究条件和方法。这个框架有助于分析系统内各组成部分以及它们之间的相互关系,找出研究差距,探索其中的隐含成本以及尚未开发的优势,提供引入反馈及多系统(发送、接收和外溢系统)之间权衡和协同的有效手段,从本地到全球各个层面加深对远程相互作用的认识,并提高社会经济和环境可持续发展政策的有效性。
肺内A型胸腺瘤一例

治疗与预后:治疗首选手术完整切除,无法完整切除者可辅以放疗。肺内胸腺瘤有局部复发可能,应坚持长期随访。肺内胸腺瘤生物学行为与原发于纵隔的胸腺瘤类似,生长缓慢。新版WHO(2015)胸腺上皮性肿瘤分类直接将A型胸腺瘤归人(低度)恶性肿瘤范畴,因为它也会发展为进展期肿瘤甚至发生转移。该例患者行肺段切除术后未给予任何治疗,已随访2年未见复发及转移。
钱令希院士毕生的重要贡献

2016年7月16日是中国科学院钱令希院士(1916—2009年)诞生100周年纪念日,在深切怀念他老人家之时,难忘他的生平业绩.恩师钱先生是力学家和工程师,也是教育家.钱先生长期从事应用力学的教学和研究,一直进行工程力学的研究与应用,是中国计算力学和结构优化设计领域的开拓者,在中国的桥梁工程、水利工程、舰船工程、港湾工程等领域都做出了重要贡献.钱先生善于教书育人,爱护人才,培养出了几代优秀的力学家.钱先生毕生的重要贡献体现在五大类:科学技术、学科建设、教育教学、人才培育、大学管理.
高山草甸牧草内生细菌研究

内生细菌对其寄主植物有防病、促生、固氮等多方面的有益生物学作用,能够增强植物抗病和抗逆能力,近年来已成为生防菌剂研制开发的重要资源。针茅属Stipa为多年生草本植物,主要分布于我国北方干旱地区,是高寒草甸类草地的优势牧草,在退化草地的生态系统恢复中也起着重要作用。王玉琴等发表的论文《针茅内生细菌菌株265ZY4的鉴定及其生物学功能》研究了分离自针茅Stipa capillata的内生细菌菌株265ZY4对马铃薯坏疽病、炭疽病和枯萎病等3种真菌病害的抗菌机制,发现该菌株对其病原菌均有较好的抑制作用,可引起病原菌菌丝出现膨大、扭曲等异常形态,导致菌丝停止生长;其中对马铃薯炭疽病Colletotrichum coccodes的拮抗作用显著,抑菌率达83.03%;该菌株还可分泌IAA,并具有较好的溶解无机磷的能力;形态特征观察和16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,菌株265ZY4为Bacillus subtilis。
闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗中节指骨A2.3型骨折

目的探讨闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗中节指骨A2.3型骨折的手术方法和临床效果。方法自2013年1月至2015年1月,对我院收治的20例20指中节指骨A2.3型骨折患者,采用闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定术治疗,术后在医师指导下进行康复功能锻炼。结果术后随访12~ 24个月,平均16.3个月。全部患指均获得骨性愈合,时间4~ 6周,平均4.5周,均未出现骨折畸形愈合、克氏针断裂、针道感染。按手指关节总活动度(TAM)系统评价标准评定:优20指。结论闭合复位克氏针交叉内固定治疗中节指骨A2.3型骨折,固定牢靠,操作简便,可早期功能锻炼,避免肌腱粘连和关节僵硬,可获得满意的疗效。
趾底固有动脉弓上动脉岛状皮瓣塑形再造指的解剖学及临床研究

目的探讨趾底固有动脉弓及其弓上动脉的解剖学基础,并研究利用趾底固有动脉弓上动脉岛状皮瓣改善再造指外形的临床效果。方法新鲜成人足标本8只,分别经足背动脉灌注红色乳胶,对第二趾趾底固有动脉进行显微解剖,并观察趾底固有动脉弓的位置及其发出弓上动脉的起始部位,走行方向及分支的数目情况。临床上设计应用趾底固有动脉弓上动脉岛状皮瓣嵌入再造指中节狭窄处改善再造指外形13例15指。结果8只成人足标本中均出现趾底固有动脉弓,发出5支恒定的分支,即趾底固有动脉弓上动脉,口径为0.4~0.6 mm。皮瓣及再造指体全部存活。术后随访3~ 18个月,平均9个月。再造指外形较术前改善明显,指腹感觉恢复良好,再造指无明显瘢痕增生,伸屈活动良好。结论趾底固有动脉弓及其发出的弓上动脉解剖恒定,血供可靠,应用趾底固有动脉弓上动脉岛状皮瓣改善再造指外形是一种较理想的方法。
第二趾胫侧皮瓣与(足母)趾趾背皮瓣瓦合修复手指Ⅱ度套脱伤

目的探讨应用第二趾胫侧皮瓣与(足母)趾趾背皮瓣瓦合修复手指Ⅱ度套脱伤的手术方法及临床效果。方法自2013年2月至2015年2月,应用第二趾胫侧皮瓣与(足母)趾趾背皮瓣瓦合修复手指Ⅱ度套脱伤15例17指。11例12指为自指根部至指尖套脱,4例5指为自近指间关节水平至指尖套脱。皮瓣供区采用一期皮耐克覆盖创面,二期行腹部中厚皮片植皮修复。术后观察受区皮瓣外形、两点分辨觉、手指功能及供区修复情况。结果术后皮瓣均存活,创口均I期愈合,随访5~ 24个月,平均13.6个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形满意,两点分辨觉达6~11 mm,末次随访手指功能按中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定:优11指,良5指,可1指。皮瓣供区无植皮坏死,无瘢痕增生及破溃,无疼痛,行走活动功能无影响。结论应用第二趾胫侧皮瓣与(足母)趾趾背皮瓣瓦合修复手指Ⅱ度套脱伤是一种良好的手术方式。
妊娠合并主动脉夹层致急性下壁心肌梗死1例

急性心肌梗死和主动脉夹层是孕妇心源性死亡的主要原因。急性心肌梗死发生在妊娠期间常导致母亲和胎儿发病和死亡,主要因素为高龄产妇、肥胖、妊娠期高血压和糖尿病等。与同龄的非妊娠女性相比,孕期由于血液呈高凝状态,心肌梗死危险因素的等级由3级增加到4级,心肌梗死的症状比心绞痛更强烈,一般持续15~20 min,患者主述通常为胸痛或压迫感(有可能放射到下颌、颈部或胸前壁)、窒息感、呕吐、腹泻、眩晕。严重的病例可能表现为低血压和心源性休克。肌钙蛋白是心肌坏死最敏感和最特异的指标,通常在症状发生后的4~6 h内,在血清中可以测出,而正常妊娠期间,肌钙蛋白不会升高,另外结合特异性心电图表现可确诊为心肌梗死。如果急性心肌梗死患者合并妊娠不应该因考虑对胎儿的辐射而延迟冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗时间。
Enhancing phosphorus uptake efficiency through QTL-based selection for root system architecture in maize

Root system architecture (RSA) plays an important role in phosphorus (P) acquisition, but enhancing P use efficiency (PUE) in maize via genetic manipulation of RSA has not yet been reported. Here, using a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, we investigated the genetic relationships between PUE and RSA, and developed P-efficient lines by selection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that coincide for both traits. In low-P (LP) fields, P uptake efficiency (PupE) was more closely correlated with PUE (r = 0.48 e0.54), and RSA in hydroponics was significantly related to PupE (r = 0.25e0.30) but not to P utilization efficiency (PutE). QTL analysis detected a chromosome region where two QTLs for PUE, three for PupE and three for RSA were assigned into two QTL clusters, Cl-bin3.04a and Cl-bin3.04b. These QTLs had favorable effects from alleles derived from the large-rooted and high-PupE parent. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) identified nine advanced backcross-derived lines carrying Cl-bin3.04a or Cl-bin3.04b that displayed mean increases of 22%e26% in PUE in LP fields. Furthermore, a line L224 pyramiding Clbin3.04a and Cl-bin3.04b showed enhanced PupE, relying mainly on changes in root morphology, rather than root physiology, under both hydroponic and field conditions. These results highlight the physiological and genetic contributions of RSA to maize PupE, and provide a successful study case of developing P-efficient crops through QTL-based selection.
肝癌术中联合右膈肌部分切除预防肿瘤右侧胸腔播散研究

医源性播散是肿瘤诊治过程中不容忽略的重要问题。膈肌是阻碍肿瘤播散的天然屏障,虽然肝癌合并膈肌部分切除使得膈顶肝癌的手术切除变得更加安全、更加彻底,但是当右侧膈肌部分切除而致胸腹腔自然屏障破坏时,如果保护措施不当,腹腔内的癌播散致右侧胸腔的概率及危险性也必然大增。因此,探索简单实用的预防肿瘤向右侧胸腔播散的新方法具有重要的临床意义。本文介绍笔者的经验如下。
Research progress in ionic liquids catalyzed isobutane/ butene alkylation

The complicated reaction mechanismand the character of competitive reactions lead to a stringent requirement for the catalyst of C_4 alkylation process. Due to their unique properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are thought to be new potential acid catalysts for C_4 alkylation. An analysis of the regular and modified chloroaluminate ILs, novel Bronsted ILs and composite ILs used in isobutane/butene alkylation shows that the use of either ILs or ILs coupled with mineral acid as homogeneous catalysts can help to greatly adjust the acid strength. Bymodifying the structural parameters of the cations and anions of the ILs, the solubility of the reactants could also be adjusted, which in turn displays a positive effect on improving the activity of ILs. Immobilization of ILs is an effectiveway to modulate the surface adsorption/desorption properties and acid strength distribution of the solid acid catalysts. Such a process has a tremendous potential to reduce the deactivation of catalyst and enhance the activity of the solid acid catalyst. The development of novel acid catalysts for C_4 alkylation is a comprehensive consideration of acid strength and its distribution, interfacial properties and transport characteristics.
乳头状肾细胞癌17例临床病理观察

目的探讨乳头状肾细胞癌(papillary renal cell carcinoma, PRCC)的临床病理特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析17例PRCC的临床病理特征、组织学分型及免疫组化检测结果。结果17例PRCC患者中男性10例,女性7例;中位年龄54岁(18 ~ 64岁),肿瘤直径2 ~ 7 cm。 13例行根治性肾切除术,4例行楔形切除保留肾单位手术。 pTNM分期: pT1aN0M0患者5例,pT1bN0M0患者12例。镜下见PRCC主要由多少不等的乳头状和管状结构构成,被覆单层或假复层柱状肿瘤细胞,乳头或间质内可见多少不等的泡沫样巨噬细胞。组织学分型Ⅰ型11例,细胞呈立方形或短柱状,胞质少,淡染; Ⅱ型6例,细胞高柱状,假复层排列,胞质丰富嗜酸性。Fuhrman分级: Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级14例。免疫表型: 6例表达CD10,13例表达vimentin,14例表达CK(AE1 /AE3), 15例弥漫性表达CK7, 17例均表达AMACR, 17例均不表达CD117、CK34βE12及TFE3。结论PRCC是一种少见的起源于肾小管上皮细胞的肾细胞癌亚型,具有独特的病理形态特征,确诊时需与透明细胞性肾细胞癌、透明细胞PRCC和Xp11.2 /TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌鉴别,联合应用免疫组化标志物CK7、CD10、vimentin及AMACR可协助诊断。
特发性肺动脉高压致慢性心力衰竭一例

IPAH的基础治疗主要针对右心功能不全和肺动脉血栓形成等方面,包括吸氧、利尿、控制心率、抗凝等治疗。靶向治疗包括钙通道受体阻滞剂(CCB)、前列环素类药物、内皮素受体拮抗剂和5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂等。但只有急性肺血管扩张试验阳性的患者适用于CCB类药物,当内科治疗无效的情况下,可选择肺移植等外科治疗方法。
定期心理干预对乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗依从性的影响

选择于中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤内科门诊就诊的病理确诊乳腺癌,并进行内分泌治疗的患者600例。将其随机分为对照组和干预组,每组300例。对照组患者常规门诊就诊,干预组患者门诊就诊时对其进行心理干预,观察随访内分泌治疗中断率,评估依从性。结果发现干预组依从性明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。定期心理干预能有效提高患者内分泌治疗依从性,值得在临床应用推广。
狐疝案

按语:狐疝,最早见于《灵枢·五色》及《灵枢·本脏》,是指腹腔内脏器滑入阴囊,阴囊时大时小,胀痛俱作,如狐之出没无常者。早期可无症状,仅站立劳动、咳嗽时胯腹部或阴囊出现包块,多呈梨形,由外上斜向内下,平卧或用手推压则可回纳腹腔。
Auxiliary Ligand-tuned Structural Variation of Cd(II) Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties

Two new Cd(II) coordination polymers, [Cd(PT)(1,4-BDC)_(0.5)]_n (1) and [Cd(PT) (1,3-BDC)_(0.5)]_n (2) (HPT = 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-H_2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-H_2BDC = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as elemental analysis and IR. Complexes 1 and 2 are both three-dimensional coordination polymers with two-dimensional sheet structures bridged by the deprotonated carboxylate ligands. In 1, 1,4-BDC~(2-) bridges the layered network to generate a quadrangular framework, and 2 owns a sexangular framework, which was caused by the different steric hindrance between 1,4-BDC~(2-) and 1,3-BDC~(2-). Their thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties have been also investigated.