mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Measurement and analysis of fission rates in a spherical mockup of uranium and polyethylene

Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber (PMFC). The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of ~(238)U and ~(235)U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. Then, the fission count of ~(238)U and ~(235)U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Because the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of ~(238)U and ~(235)U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones.
First neutron spectrometry measurement at the HL-2A Tokamak

A compact neutron spectrometer based on the liquid scintillator is presented for neutron energy spectrum measurements at the HL-2A Tokamak. The spectrometer was well characterized and a fast digital pulse shape discrimination software was developed using the charge comparison method. A digitizer data acquisition system with a maximum frequency of 1 MHz can work under an environment with a high count rate at HL-2A Tokamak. Specific radiation and magnetic shielding for the spectrometer were designed for the neutron spectrum measurement at the HL-2A Tokamak. For pulse height spectrum analysis, dedicated numerical simulation utilizing NUBEAM combined with GENESIS was performed to obtain the neutron energy spectrum. Subsequently, the transportation process from the plasma to the detector was evaluated with Monte Carlo calculations. The distorted neutron energy spectrum was folded with the response matrix of the liquid scintillation spectrometer, and good consistency was found between the simulated and measured pulse height spectra. This neutron spectrometer based on a digital acquisition system could be well adopted for the investigation of the auxiliary heating behavior and the fast-ion related phenomenon on different tokamak devices.
复方乳酸涂剂联合盐酸特比萘芬治疗甲癣疗效观察

目的探讨复方乳酸涂剂联合盐酸特比萘芬治疗甲癣的临床疗效。方法选择甲癣患者临床98例,随机分为单一治疗组和联合治疗组。单一治疗组将复方乳酸涂剂涂,直接涂在病甲上,2次/d,6个月后判定疗效。联合治疗组:在单一治疗组治疗的基础上同时给予盐酸特比萘芬片0.25 g口服1次/d,连服6周为1个疗程。两组进行疗效对比。结果两组治疗前后有显著差异,单一治疗组有效率为62.5%,联合治疗组有效率为94%。结论复方乳酸涂剂联合盐酸特比萘芬片对甲癣的治疗和预防复发效果满意。
Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity Based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Data in Tibet, China

Rainfall erosivity in Tibet from 2000 to 2010 was estimated based on simplified erosion prediction model using daily rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Misssion (TRMM) 3B42 rainfall measurement algorithm. Semi-monthly erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were validated using weather station data. The spatial distribution of annual rainfall erosivity as well as its seasonal and annual variation in Tibet was also examined. Results showed that TRMM 3B42 data could serve as an alternative data source to estimate rainfall erosivity in the area where only data from sparsely distributed weather stations are available. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in Tibet generally resembles the distribution of multi-year average of annual rainfall. Annual rainfall erosivity in Tibet decreased from the southeast to the northwest. The concentration degree of rainfall erosivity shows an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. High rainfall erosivity accompanies low rainfall erosivity concentration degree and vice versa. Rainfall erosivity increased in the middle and western Tibet and decreased in the southeastern Tibet during the 11 years of this study.
脑动脉瘤破裂后脑出血的中西医结合疗效观察

目的探讨中西医结合治疗脑动脉瘤破裂后脑出血的疗效。方法收治的脑动脉瘤破裂后脑出血患者病例资料中随机抽取70例,32例单纯给予西医疗法治疗的设为对照组,38例给予中西医结合疗法治疗的设为观察组,对比两组近期生存率并根据随访记录对比其远期疗效。结果观察组生存率94.74%,与对照组生存率93.75%比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组远期疗效总有效率100.00%,优于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合疗法治疗脑动脉瘤破裂后脑出血,以血管内栓塞介入治疗有效减少再出血,以中医中药预防继发脑血管痉挛,保证患者生存率的同时提高远期疗效,值得继续研究及临床推广。
高上林辨证论治亚急性甲状腺炎32例

目的探讨高上林辨证论治亚急性甲状腺炎的疗效。方法根据亚急性甲状腺炎不同的病程表现和特点分为初期、中期、恢复期三期采用中医辨证施治。结果总有效率为96.90%。结论采用中医辨证论治亚急性甲状腺炎具有疗效好、副作用小、复发率低等优点。
疏肝解郁胶囊与艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的临床研究

近年来,随着经济的迅速发展和社会竞争的日趋激烈,抑郁症的患病率呈现出逐渐上升的趋势,并且开始朝着年轻化的方向发展,对人们的身心健康构成了极大的威胁,患者有着相当高的自杀率。以往传统的抵抗抑郁的西医治疗和中医治疗均疗效较差,起效缓慢,或者有着较大的副作用,导致抑郁症患者在治疗依从性上不理想,进而使得疾病反复发作甚至加重病情。艾司西酞普兰是有着最强选择性的一种抗抑郁新型药物,大量的医学研究及实践表明,艾司西酞普兰在抑郁症治疗上具备着有效率高以及起效较快等诸多优点,本文通过对疏肝解郁胶囊与艾司西酞普兰在不同程度抑郁症治疗效果的比较分析,得出了一致的结论,现报道如下。
非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药物临床试验: 现状和未来

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)已是目前全球最为普遍的慢性肝病,尽管多数呈良性进程,但20%~30%的NAFLD患者仍可能出现肝损伤, 伴随炎症、肝细胞坏死和凋亡,其疾病谱中的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)有进展为肝硬化甚至肝癌的风险。此外,现有证据显示,独立于肝损伤程度,NAFLD患者肝细胞脂肪变的影响远大于肝脏病变本身,不仅使2型糖尿病发病率增加,使其与肥胖、糖尿病等代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MS)密切关联、互为因果,还增加了心脑血管疾病及死亡的风险。因此,有效进行药物干预以减少疾病进展就显得尤为重要。
墨蝶呤还原酶缺乏症

1998年Blau等报道了1例不伴有高苯丙氨酸血症的中枢性二氢蝶啶还原酶(DHPR)缺乏症,后证实其为墨蝶呤还原酶缺乏症(sepiapterin reductase deficiency, SRD),该病是一种可导致多巴反应性肌张力障碍(DRD)的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,占所有DRD的3%,与经典的DRD类似, 也是一种四氢生物蝶呤(BH_4)合成异常所致的单胺类神经递质合成缺陷的疾病。由于同样不伴有高苯丙氨酸血症, 故新生儿苯丙酮尿症的筛查也不易发现此病。目前其他类型的DRD,包括常染色体显性遗传的三磷酸鸟苷环化水解酶1缺乏症(Segawa病)、常染色体隐形遗传的酪氨酸羟化酶缺乏症、6-丙酮酰四氢蝶呤合成酶缺乏症,国内已有报道,但是查阅文献SRD国内尚未见报道,可能是由于本病易误诊为脑瘫、癫痫或Segawa病,这与临床医生对本病的认识不足及缺乏相关的检测硬件有关。国际上2013年BIODEF统计资料(www. biopku.org)已有至少46例SRD, 本文将对该病各方面特点做一简要综述,以提高临床医生对SRD的认识。
扶正口服液对气阴两虚型Ⅲ-Ⅳ期肺癌患者化疗毒副反应的影响

目前,化疗是肺癌的重要治疗手段之一,对抑制瘤体生长、控制全身症状有重要作用,但同时也给机体带来严重的毒副反应用。随着WHO健康新概念的提出和医学模式的转变,生活质量的研究在肿瘤学领域越来越受到重视,成为衡量和评价疗效的重要指标之一。化疗药物具有易耗气伤阴的特性,扶正口服液主要由益气养阴类中药组成,与化疗协同应用,可起到缓解化疗毒副反应的作用。现将临床观察报道如下。
循证医学与医学循证的随想

从20世纪90年代开始,我国医务界开始引进和认识了医学领域中的一个新理念——循证医学(evidence based medicine),并逐步推广在临床的诊治方案选择和临床科学研究之中。循证医学正式命名于1992年,由David Sackett提出,并于1996年加以文字定义。
大孔树脂富集纯化丹参地上部分丹酚酸B的工艺研究

目的:对大孔树脂富集纯化丹参地上部分丹酚酸B的工艺条件及参数进行优化。方法:以丹酚酸B吸附量、吸附率和解吸率为指标,通过静态吸附与解吸试验对7种型号树脂进行筛选,再通过动态吸附与解吸试验对富集纯化工艺参数进行全面优化。结果:LS-303树脂对丹酚酸B的吸附与解吸性能较好,确定最佳吸附条件为:样品溶液浓度以丹酚酸B计为7.5 mg/mL,pH值为4,吸附流速2 BV/h和最大上样量为36 mg丹酚酸B/mL树脂;最佳解吸条件为:40%乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速2 BV/h和溶剂用量4 BV。结论:LS-303树脂可有效地对丹参地上部分丹酚酸B进行富集纯化。
与低级别胶质瘤预后有关的分子标记物的研究进展

WHO I级和II级胶质瘤被统称为低级别胶质瘤(lowgrade gliomas,LGGs)。与LGGs预后有关的肿瘤分子标记物如异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因的突变(Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation,IDHmut)、染色体1p和19q的联合缺失(lp/19qloss of heterozygosity,1p19qloh)、MGMT基因启动子甲基化(MGMT gene promoter methylation,MGMTmet)、v-raf鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源体BI(BRAF)~(V600E)的突变等近年来被广泛探索。本文综述目前与LGG预后关系最为密切的几种分子改变形式及其在诊断和治疗方面的重要价值。
高级别胶质瘤治疗反应评判的新标准

胶质瘤是成人最常见原发性脑肿瘤,年发病率大约在4~5/100000。对高级别胶质瘤治疗效果的评价目前主要依据患者生存时间,或是无进展生存时间及影像学缓解率,后者在复发病变中更常用。90年代初Macdonald等提出了高级别胶质瘤治疗反应的判定标准。该标准利用增强CT及肿瘤二维治疗反应评定标准测量强化区域的肿瘤大小,提供了客观的影像评判标准,同时患者的激素使用及神经功能改善情况也被考虑在内。该标准被提出后便在高级别胶质瘤研究中得到广泛应用,使得各临床试验间的治疗反应率可以相互比较。对于中枢神经系统,磁共振成像技术(MRI)较CT有更高的分辨率,且增强区域同样反应的是肿瘤血管重建及血脑屏障被破坏的区域。因此随后Macdonald标准多利用MRI进行判定。
钼酸钠添加剂对ZL108铝合金微弧氧化膜组织结构和硬度的影响

为了系统研究钼酸钠对ZL108铝合金微弧氧化膜性能的影响,在30A/dm~2大电流密度下改变电解液中钼酸钠的添加量,对ZL108铝合金试样进行微弧氧化,通过微弧氧化电压-时间曲线、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、测厚仪、硬度仪等考察钼酸钠添加量对微弧氧化电压及膜层相组成、成分、表面形貌、厚度、硬度的影响。结果表明,在大电流密度下,随着钼酸钠添加量的增加,氧化膜表面吸附物增加,起弧电压和氧化电压先升高后降低;钼酸钠的添加对陶瓷膜层相结构的影响较小,钼以MoO_3形式存在于陶瓷膜层中;随着钼酸钠添加量的增加,氧化膜表面先出现孔径较大的微孔,随后微孔数量减少,孔径变小。
一种简便易行的筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的问卷:STOP-Bang问卷

OSAHS是最常见的睡眠呼吸障碍(sleep-disordered breathing,SDB),在人群中的发病率为2% ~4%。诊断 OSAHS的金标准为整夜多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG),其监测较为耗时费力,因此通过问卷筛查高危OSAHS 患者是一种简单和实用的方法。本文中介绍一种新型的简单易行的筛查OSAHS的问卷——STOP-Bang问卷。
西藏色季拉山典型植被类型土壤活性有机碳分布特征

土壤有机碳库特别是森林土壤有机碳库贮量的微小变化,均可引起大气CO_2浓度的显著改变。土壤活性碳指受植物、动物、微生物影响强烈,具有一定溶解性,在土壤中移动快、稳定性差、 易氧化、矿化,并具有较高植物和土壤微生物活性的那部分有机碳,研究发现,土壤碳库的变化主要发生在活性碳库里,活性有机质较非活性有机质敏感得多,又直接参与土壤生物化学转化过程,同时也是土壤微生物活动的能源和土壤养分的驱动力,对于土壤活性有机碳的研究是森林土壤碳库动态及调控机理研究的重要方面。
残胃重建消化道治疗食管癌的临床经验

远端胃大部分切除术后食管癌的外科治疗常因残胃体积大小及血液供应,切除肿瘤范围及消化道重建方式等诸因素,导致手术治疗困难。自2005年3月至2013年3月,我科对23例胃大部切除术后食管癌患者采用残胃代替食管,行食管-残胃吻合术,取得满意的疗效,现报道如下。
Synthesis of poly(glutamic acid-co-aspartic acid) VIA combination of N-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerization with debenzylation

The random copolymers of glutamic acid (LG) and aspartic acid (ASP), poly(LG- co-ASP), with designed compositions could be successfully synthesized via combination of N-carboxyanhydride ring opening copolymerization with debenzylation. Ring opening copolymerizations of β-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) and -benzyl-Laspartate N-carboxyanhydride (BLA-NCA) were carried out by using different amines including triethylamine (TEA), diethylamine, n-hexylamine (NHA), triphenylamine, diphenylamine or aniline as initiators. All the 6 amines were highly efficient to get well-defined poly(BLG- co-BLA) copolymers with designed compositions although the polymerizations proceeded via different mechanisms (normal amine mechanism or/and activated monomer mechanism), which are based on chemical structure of amines. The molecular weights of poly(BLG- co-BLA) copolymers could be mediated by both TEA concentration and polymerization time. Then, debenzylation of poly(BLG- co-BLA) copolymers was conducted to prepare the corresponding hydrophilic random copolymers of poly(LG- co-ASP) with α-subunit structure in ASP structural units. The contents of LG structural units in poly(LG- co-ASP) copolymers matched with those of BLG-NCA in NCA-monomer feeds in ring opening copolymerizations initiated by NHA or TEA and were closed to the theoretical line. The diblock copolymer of poly(BLG- b-BLA) could also be synthesized via living NCA ring opening copolymerization by sequential addition of BLGNCA and BLA-NCA.
Expected Present Value of Total Dividends in the Compound Binomial Model with Delayed Claims and Random Income

In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the main claim and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The premium income is assumed to another binomial process to capture the uncertainty of the customer's arrivals and payments. A system of difference equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin is derived and solved. Explicit results are obtained when the claim sizes are K_n distributed or the claim size distributions have finite support. Numerical results are also provided to illustrate the impact of the delay of by-claims on the expected present value of dividends.
Some Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions

Let ? be a family of functions meromorphic in a domain D, let n ≥ 2 be a positive integer, and let a ≠ 0, b be two finite complex numbers. If, for each f ∈ ?, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k + 1, and f + a(f~((k)))~n ≠ b in D, then ? is normal in D.
射频辅助胰腺体尾部切除预防胰漏的临床观察

我们利用射频切割器辅助胰腺体尾部切除17例,与既往常规胰腺体尾部切除21例进行对照分析,以期寻找防止胰漏的有效方法,现总结报道如下。
Optical total reflection and transmission with mode control in a dielectric subwavelength nanorod chain

We report a polarization dependent reflection phenomenon beyond the normal incidence with a subwavelength nanorod chain. Light waves of the transverse electric mode will be totally reflected while those of the transverse magnetic mode will transmit through. The total reflection or transmission phenomenon can be seen as a constructive or destructive interference of the incident field with the transverse mode field of the chain. With the low-loss feature and the ultra-compact characteristic, this structure may find applications in photonic circuits.
Analytical thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field

Analytical expressions for the thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field are derived. This is accomplished by first deriving the general expression for the thermodynamical potential, and then employing this result to obtain the corresponding expression for the two-dimensional gas. The chemical potential and magnetization are studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field, and shown to be in agreement with prior work. It is also shown that the results are close to those obtained by assuming a Gaussian density of states for the Landau levels.
Recent progress in perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloy films

In this article, we review the recent progress in growth, structural characterizations, magnetic properties, and related spintronic devices of tetragonal Mn_xGa and Mn_xAl thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. First, we present a brief introduction to the demands for perpendicularly magnetized materials in spintronics, magnetic recording, and permanent magnets applications, and the most promising candidates of tetragonal Mn_xGa and Mn_xAl with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Then, we focus on the recent progress of perpendicularly magnetized Mn_xGa and Mn_xAl respectively, including their lattice structures, bulk synthesis, epitaxial growth, structural characterizations, magnetic and other spin-dependent properties, and spintronic devices like magnetic tunneling junctions, spin valves, and spin injectors into semiconductors. Finally, we give a summary and a perspective of these perpendicularly magnetized Mn-based binary alloy films for future applications.
Effects of thermal radiation on Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching surface subjected to suction/blowing

The unsteady flow of a Casson fluid and heat transfer over a stretching surface in presence of suction/blowing are investigated. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the shooting method. The exact solution corresponding to the momentum equation for the steady case is obtained. Fluid velocity initially decreases with the increase of unsteadiness parameter. Due to an increasing Casson parameter the velocity field is suppressed. Thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and the temperature rises.
Charge state effect on the K-shell ionization of iron by xenon ions near the Bohr velocity

Fe K-shell ionization cross sections induced by 2.4–6.0 MeV Xe~(20+) are measured and compared with different binaryencounter-approximation (BEA) models. The results indicate that the BEA model corrected both by the Coulomb repulsion and by the effective nuclear charge (Z_(eff)) agrees well with the experimental data. Comparison of Fe K-shell X-ray emission induced by 5 MeV xenon ions with different initial charge states (20+, 22+, 26+, 30+) verifies the applicability of the effective nuclear charge (Z_(eff)) correction for the BEA model. It is found that Zeff correction is reasonable to describe direct ionization induced by xenon ions with no initial M-shell vacancies. However, when theMshell is opened, the Z_(eff) corrected BEA model is unable to explain the inner-shell ionization, and the electron transfer by molecular-orbital promotion should be considered.
Quantitative analysis of the self-absorption and reemission effects on the emission spectrum of photoluminescence in right-angle excitation–detection configuration

A theoretical approach based on differential radiative transport is proposed to quantitatively analyze the selfabsorption and reemission effects on the emission spectrum for right angle excitation–detection photoluminescence measurements, and the wavelength dependence of the reemission effect is taken into account. Simulations and experiments are performed using rhodamine 6G solutions in ethanol as model samples. It is shown that the self-absorption effect is the dominant effect on the detected spectrum by inducing pseudo red-shift and reducing total intensity; whereas the reemission effect partly compensates for signal decrease and also results in an apparent signal gain at the wavelengths without absorption. Both effects decrease with the decrease in the sample concentration and the propagation distance of the emission light inside the sample. We therefore suggest that diluted solutions are required for accurate photoluminescence spectrum measurements and photoluminescence-based measurements.
Site response in the Qionghai Basin in the Wenchuan earthquake

Amplification effects of soil site response can significantly impact ground motions, and must be considered in the seismic fortification of buildings/structures to prevent or mitigate this potential seismic hazard. Utilizing acceleration time histories from the main shock of the Wenchuan earthquake recorded at four stations (i.e., one on bedrock and three on soil) in the Qionghai Basin, the site responses from three soil sites are studied by using the traditional spectral ratio method. The bedrock site is selected as a reference site. This study found that peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the soil sites are much larger than on bedrock, with EW, NS and UD components of 3.96-6.58, 6.27-10.98, and 3.17-6.66 times those of the bedrock site, respectively. The amplification effects of the soil sites on ground motions in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz are significant, depending on the thickness of the soil layer and the frequency content of the site. A significant amplification occurs with high frequency components of ground motion at shallow soil sites, and low and high frequency components of ground motion at intermediate soil sites.
High frequency S wave envelope synthesis using a multiple non-isotropic scattering model: application to aftershocks from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Based on the formulation of a multiple non-isotropic scattering process, a characteristic source time is introduced to define the initial impulse width of energy density at the source. An analytical expression of the initial intensity spectral density of a seismic wave is incorporated into the integral equation of seismic wave energy density. And, a recursive formula of Green’s function is derived to obtain the higher order Green’s function, which is included to describe the stronger non-isotropic scattering process. Then, the effect of the scattering pattern on the energy density envelope is investigated by the modified scattering theory. Significant differences are found in the decay of the energy density envelopes with distances using different scattering patterns. The envelope synthesized by the forward dominated scattering pattern is larger than the results obtained by the isotropic and backward dominated scattering pattern. Different scattering patterns are also used to fit the observation data from the aftershocks of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. It is concluded that the envelopes synthesized by the forward scattering pattern can match the data better than the isotropic and backward dominated scattering cases, and a new interpretation of the coda wave is given. Finally, using the forward dominated scattering pattern, the envelope broadening of the observed data is reproduced.
阴茎背静脉损伤1例报告并文献复习

阴茎折断是较为常见的阴茎外伤性疾病，而阴茎背静脉损伤是一种罕见的阴茎外伤性疾病，两种疾病病因、体征相似。在临床泌尿外科急诊工作中，我们时常会接诊阴茎外伤的患者，罕见的阴茎背静脉损伤病例经常被误诊为阴茎折断。因此，对于阴茎外伤的患者，我们需根据病史、体征及辅助检查充分鉴别两种疾病。本文报道1例阴茎背静脉损伤病例，并借此讨论阴茎背静脉损伤的诊断和治疗，以及与阴茎折断的鉴别诊断。
精浆中锌、果糖和肉碱含量与精液参数的关系

精子在睾丸中生成，经过附睾的成熟和储存，在射精时与精囊腺、前列腺和附睾的分泌物一起排出。因此，附睾及附属性腺的分泌功能可以影响精子的质量，对精子的生育力起到重要的作用。精浆中的锌、果糖和肉碱的含量分别作为前列腺、精囊腺和附睾的功能标志，对男性不育症的诊断和治疗有一定的参考价值。本实验对512例男性不育患者的精液常规和精浆生化结果进行回顾性分析，探讨精浆生化指标与精子浓度、活力、形态等精液参数的关系，为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供一些依据。
暴发性1型糖尿病患者五例的急救和护理

暴发性1型糖尿病是1型糖尿病的一种特殊类型,由日本学者Imagawa等首先报道,其诊断标准为:(1)高血糖症状1周内出现酮症和酮症酸中毒(diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA) ; (2)血清空腹C肽< 0.1 nmol/L(0. 3 ng/ml)和餐后C肽<0. 17 nmol/L (0.5 ng/ml);(3)初诊首次糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c) <8.5%。该病起病急骤,代谢紊乱严重,预后凶险, 抢救不及时常可危及患者生命。2008年5月至2011年8月我科共收治暴发性1型糖尿病患者5例,现将急救与护理报告如下。
抗磷脂综合征并发骨髓坏死一例

APS并发BMN在国外仅有个案报道,较多见于灾难性APS,国内似乎未见相关报道。Paydas等对近8年1083例骨髓活检患者回顾分析发现共有BMN者23例,患病率为2.2%,病因多样,80%有恶性肿瘤,20%是非恶性疾病,在4例非恶性疾病中2例是结核感染,1例是APS,1例有吸毒史。认为恶性肿瘤是BMN最常见的病因,但结核感染和APS也可以出现BMN。BMN是APS少见的一种表现,APS与BMN的关系并不清楚,可能抗磷脂抗体损伤了内皮细胞导致微血栓形成,致使骨髓微循环障碍而导致骨髓坏死,但抗磷脂抗体的滴度与病情活动并无相关性。另外异常的纤维蛋白溶解,血小板活化和抗凝血酶Ⅲ异常活化可能都参与了BMN的发病,有待进一步分析。
关注高尿酸血症和痛风的系统性病变

随着生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变,高尿酸血症和痛风的发病率逐年增高,而且有年轻化趋势,已成为常见病、多发病。痛风的主要临床表现为痛风性关节炎,因关节红肿热痛、疼痛剧烈引起患者和临床医师关注。国内外痛风诊治指南也以控制急性炎症、防止痛风复发为目的,降尿酸的目的为减少痛风发作,但高尿酸血症不仅引起痛风性关节炎,还常伴有肥胖、高血脂症、血糖异常,引起或加重高血压病、肾功能损害、冠心病等;血尿酸还可以直接沉积在眼睛、心脏瓣膜等,导致相应的病变。有越来越多的证据表明,高尿酸血症和痛风是涉及多学科的系统性疾病,临床医师应关注痛风和高尿酸血症的系统损害。
普外科病人围手术期血栓预防——中山共识(2)

围手术期静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism,VTE)已经成为术后常见的并发症,一旦发生,影响术后恢复、增加治疗费用、延长住院时间,严重者会危及病人生命。文献报道,未采取预防措施的普外科大手术后深静脉血栓发生率为15.0%~30.0%,致死性肺栓塞发生率为0.2%~0.9%。随着人口老龄化的到来和心脑血管疾病发生率的增加,VTE 的发生率也逐渐增加。外科医师必须加以重视,并采取相应的防治措施。
Qualitative Land Suitability Evaluation for Main Irrigated Crops in the Shahrekord Plain, Iran: A Geostatistical Approach Compared with Conventional Method

The purity of soil map units and their quality for various uses like land suitability evaluation are always questioned. The main objective of this study was to compare the precision of qualitative land suitability classification based on geostatistical and conventional soil mapping methods for main irrigated crops in the Shahrekord Plain, Central Iran. A regular grid sampling method consisting 104 sample points was designed and soil samples were collected. Ordinary kriged maps were achieved for all studied soil attributes after physico-chemical analyses. Afterward, to combine kriged maps and ecological requirements of the studied crops, a script was designed in ILWIS 3.4 software and consequently, kriged qualitative land suitability maps were generated. Conventional qualitative land suitability was also mapped based on the representative pedon analysis in each soil map unit. Finally, comparison of the conventional and kriged maps was carried out using the statistical method, error matrix. The results showed that the overall accuracies of wheat, sugar beet, potato and alfalfa maps were 39.8%, 24.3%, 18.7% and 18.6% at subclass category, respectively, whereas these values increased to 80.9%, 82.3%, 23.7% and 82.3% at class level, respectively. Hence, it can be stated that thanks to the relative facility of conventional soil survey compared with geostatistical methods, this method can be expressed as a preferable way for handling a usual land suitability evaluation design; but using soil map units as land suitability delineations may lead to unsatisfactory results in estimation of quantity and type of existing limitations.
Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in Two Agricultural Soils to Nitrification Inhibitors DCD and DMPP: A Pot Experiment

Taking two important agricultural soils with different pH, brown soil (Hap-Udic Luvisol) and cinnamon soil (Hap-Ustic Luvisol), from Northeast China, a pot culture experiment with spring maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted to study the dynamic changes in the abundance and diversity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) populations during maize growth period in response to the additions of nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) by the methods of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and construction of clone library targeting the amoA gene. Four treatments were established, i.e., no urea (control), urea, urea plus DCD, and urea plus DMPP. Both DCD and DMPP inhibited growth of AOB significantly, compared to applying urea alone. Soil bacterial amoA gene copies had a significant positive linear correlation with soil nitrate content, but soil archaeal amoA gene copies did not. In both soils, all AOB sequences fell within Nitrosospira or Nitrosospira-like groups, and all AOA sequences belonged to group 1.1b crenarchaea. With the application of DCD or DMPP, community composition of AOB and AOA in the two soils had less change except that the AOB community composition in Hap-Udic Luvisol changed at the last two growth stages of maize under the application of DCD. AOB rather than AOA likely dominated soil ammonia oxidation in these two agricultural soils.