mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The Initial Errors in the Tropical Indian Ocean that Can Induce a Significant “Spring Predictability Barrier” for La Nina Events and Their Implication for Targeted Observations

Initial errors in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO-related initial errors) that are most likely to yield the Spring Prediction Barrier (SPB) for La Nina forecasts are explored by using the CESM model. These initial errors can be classified into two types. Type-1 initial error consists of positive sea temperature errors in the western Indian Ocean and negative sea temperature errors in the eastern Indian Ocean, while the spatial structure of Type-2 initial error is nearly opposite. Both kinds of IO-related initial errors induce positive prediction errors of sea temperature in the Pacific Ocean, leading to underprediction of La Nina events. Type-1 initial error in the tropical Indian Ocean mainly influences the SSTA in the tropical Pacific Ocean via atmospheric bridge, leading to the development of localized sea temperature errors in the eastern Pacific Ocean. However, for Type-2 initial error, its positive sea temperature errors in the eastern Indian Ocean can induce downwelling error and influence La Nina predictions through an oceanic channel called Indonesian Throughflow. Based on the location of largest SPB-related initial errors, the sensitive area in the tropical Indian Ocean for La Nina predictions is identified. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments show that applying targeted observations in this sensitive area is very useful in decreasing prediction errors of La Nina. Therefore, adopting a targeted observation strategy in the tropical Indian Ocean is a promising approach toward increasing ENSO prediction skill.
Seasonal Variations of CH_4 Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China Are Driven by Agricultural Activities

Developed regions of the world represent a major atmospheric methane (CH_4) source, but these regional emissions remain poorly constrained. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China is densely populated (about 16% of China's total population) and consists of large anthropogenic and natural CH_4 sources. Here, atmospheric CH_4 concentrations measured at a 70-m tall tower in the YRD are combined with a scale factor Bayesian inverse (SFBI) modeling approach to constrain seasonal variations in CH_4 emissions. Results indicate that in 2018 agricultural soils (AGS, rice production) were the main driver of seasonal variability in atmospheric CH_4 concentration. There was an underestimation of emissions from AGS in the a priori inventories (EDGAR—Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 or v50), especially during the growing seasons. Posteriori CH_4 emissions from AGS accounted for 39% (4.58 Tg, EDGAR v432) to 47% (5.21 Tg, EDGAR v50) of the total CH_4 emissions. The posteriori natural emissions (including wetlands and water bodies) were 1.21 Tg and 1.06 Tg, accounting for 10.1% (EDGAR v432) and 9.5% (EDGAR v50) of total emissions in the YRD in 2018. Results show that the dominant factor for seasonal variations in atmospheric concentration in the YRD was AGS, followed by natural sources. In summer, AGS contributed 42% (EDGAR v432) to 64% (EDGAR v50) of the CH_4 concentration enhancement while natural sources only contributed about 10% (EDGAR v50) to 15% (EDGAR v432). In addition, the newer version of the EDGAR product (EDGAR v50) provided more reasonable seasonal distribution of CH_4 emissions from rice cultivation than the old version (EDGAR v432).
The First Global Carbon Dioxide Flux Map Derived from TanSat Measurements

Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux. Here, the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon surface fluxes inferred from dry-air CO_2 column (XCO_2) measurements by the Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite (TanSat) are presented. An ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation system coupled with the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model is used to optimally fit model simulations with the TanSat XCO_2 observations, which were retrieved using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing (IAPCAS). High posterior error reduction (30%–50%) compared with a priori fluxes indicates that assimilating satellite XCO_2 measurements provides highly effective constraints on global carbon flux estimation. Their impacts are also highlighted by significant spatiotemporal shifts in flux patterns over regions critical to the global carbon budget, such as tropical South America and China. An integrated global land carbon net flux of 6.71 ± 0.76 Gt C yr–1 over 12 months (May 2017–April 2018) is estimated from the TanSat XCO_2 data, which is generally consistent with other inversions based on satellite data, such as the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 XCO_2 retrievals. However, discrepancies were found in some regional flux estimates, particularly over the Southern Hemisphere, where there may still be uncorrected bias between satellite measurements due to the lack of independent reference observations. The results of this study provide the groundwork for further studies using current or future TanSat XCO_2 data together with other surfacebased and space-borne measurements to quantify biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange.
Numerical investigation of granular mixing in an intensive mixer: Effect of process and structural parameters on mixing performance and power consumption

Discrete element method (DEM) simulations of particle mixing process in an intensive mixer were conducted to study the influence of structural and process parameters on the mixing performance and power consumption. The DEM model was verified by comparing the impeller torque obtained from simulation with that from experiment. Impeller and vessel torque, coordination number (CN) and mixing index (Relative standard deviation) were adopted to qualify the particle dynamics and mixing performance with different parameters. A method based on cubic polynomial fitting was proposed to determine the critical mixing time and critical specific input work during the mixing process. It is found that the mixing performance and energy efficiency increases with the decrease of impeller offset. The mixing performance is improved slightly with the increase of blade number and the impeller with 3 blades has the highest energy efficiency due to its low input torque. Results indicate that the energy efficiency and the mixing performance increase with the decrease of filling level when the height of granular bed is higher than that of blade.
An experimental study on the choked flow characteristics of CO_2 pipelines in various phases

High pressure pipeline transportation has been an established technology for economically transporting large amounts of CO_2. However, there are still issues and associated risks that have to be effectively addressed and adequately understood. It is well known that a strong Joule-Thomson Cooling effect can occur when pressurized CO_2 flows through a choke valve. Thus, to investigate the choking characteristics especially the temperature drop of high pressure CO_2, a new laboratory scale experimental setup (total length of 14.85 m and the inner diameter of 15 mm) was constructed. Steady choked flow and transient choked flow tests were carried out respectively for pressurized CO_2 in various initial phases. The phase transitions and temperature drop characteristics were then studied following the choked flow and the results show that the phase transitions in steady choked flow differs significantly from that in transient choked flow. For transient choked flow of various initial phases, all the flows downstream would transfer from single phase to gas-liquid two-phase flow. Furthermore, the effect of water on transient choked flow of supercritical CO_2 pipeline was investigated, and the phenomena of solid particles deposition was captured which was paramount importance of ensuring the safety operation of CO_2 pipelines when throttling by the choke valves.
Controllable synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by ionic liquids encapsulated in mesoporous SBA-16

The promising combustion and emission properties of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE_n) are of significant interest. However, the synthesis of PODE_n products with desired chain lengths is still a problem facing synthetic PODE_n. Herein, a series of unique IL@SBA-16-Cx solid catalysts are prepared by encapsulation of ionic liquids (ILs) within the nanocage of SBA-16 through a silylation method. The structure of the encapsulated catalyst was characterized by UV-vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Elemental analysis. The encapsulated catalysts show similar catalytic activity to the homogeneous counterparts and display higher selectivity to the targeted PODE_(3-5) products than their homogeneous counterparts in the synthesis of PODE_n from methanol (MeOH) and trioxymethylene (TOM). The encapsulated catalysts exhibit a superior PODE_(3-5) selectivity and could be the promising catalysts for PODE_n synthetic reaction.
Aging of PVDF and PES ultrafiltration membranes by sodium hypochlorite: Effect of solution pH

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a commonly applied cleaning agent for ultrafiltration membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Long-term exposure to NaClO might change the properties and performance of polymeric membranes, and ultimately shorten membrane lifespan. Active species in NaClO solution vary with solution pH, and the aging effects can change depending on the membrane material. In this study, the aging of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by NaClO at pH 3–11 was investigated by examining variations in chemical composition, surface charge, surface morphology, mechanical strength, permeability, and retention ability. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), which was blended in both membranes, was oxidized and dislodged due to NaClO aging at all investigated pH values, but the oxidation products and dislodgement ratio of PVP varied with solution pH. For the PVDF membrane, NaClO aging at pH 3–11 caused a moderate increase in permeability and decreased retention due to the oxidation and release of PVP. The tensile strength decreased only at pH 11 because of the defluorination of PVDF molecules. For the PES membrane, NaClO aging at all investigated pH resulted in chain scission of PES molecules, which was favored at pH 7 and 9, potentially due to the formation of free radicals. Therefore, a decrease in tensile strength and retention ability, as well as an increase in permeability, occurred in the PES membrane for NaClO aging at pH 3–11. Overall, the results can provide a basis for selecting chemical cleaning conditions for PVDF and PES membranes.
Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin. To date, there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream. Moreover, little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) by the game theory. Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019. Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution, and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution. Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors. In terms of this study, an improved comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities, and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments. By contrast, water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation. The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data, but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators, whose results are relatively reasonable. All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.
桑瓜饮口服液对2型糖尿病大鼠降糖调脂的作用研究

目的探讨桑瓜饮口服液对2型糖尿病大鼠降糖调脂的作用。方法将72只Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为正常组和造模组。造模组大鼠采用高脂高糖饲料喂养联合腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导模型组建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组(Model组)、桑瓜饮口服液低剂量组(SHYL组)、桑瓜饮口服液中剂量组(SGYM组)、桑瓜饮口服液高剂量组(SGYH组)、桑瓜饮水煎剂组(SGYW组)、二甲双胍组(Metformin组)和二甲双胍+辛伐他汀组(Metformin + Simvastatin组)并予相应处理。检测比较各实验组糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹血糖(FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)、胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。结果桑瓜饮口服液低、中、高剂量均有降低血糖血脂的效果。在降低HbAlc、FBG和HOMA- IR上,桑瓜饮口服液各剂量组均有显著性差异;在提高OGTT上,SGYH组有显著性差异;在降低TG和T-CHO上,SGYM和SGYH组有显著性差异;在降低LDL-C上,SGYL、SGYM和SGYH组有显著性差异。桑瓜饮口服液降低HbAlc、FBG、HOMA-IR、TG、T-CHO、LDL-C以及提高OGTT、HDL-C方面作用强于桑瓜饮水煎液组。结论桑瓜饮口服液有较好调节2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂水平的作用。
嗓音训练治疗声带小结的临床疗效观察

目的探讨嗓音训练对声带小结的治疗效果。方法对23例声带小结患者进行嗓音训练,包括嗓音卫生教育、放松训练、呼吸训练、共鸣腔训练,每周一次,每次1小时,共10周。训练前及训练结束后1周对患者进行嗓音障碍指数量表(VHI)评估、动态喉镜检查、计算机嗓音声学分析,比较治疗前后结果,评估疗效。结果训练结束后1周动态喉镜检查显示,23例患者声带闭合、运动的对称性、粘膜波、振动规律性均改善;8例患者声带小结消失,12例患者声带小结较训练前明显缩小,3例患者变化不明显。23例患者经过嗓音训练后,自觉嗓音质量较训练前明显改善,发声无力及发声易疲劳症状减轻或消失,VHI评分(21.5±2.1分)较训练前(58.4±7.2分)明显降低(P<0.05);计算机嗓音声学分析结果显示,基频微扰由0.62%±0.13%降至0.21%±0.07%,振幅微扰由3.42%±0.56%降至1.35%±0.08%,标准化噪声能量由-5.2±1.2dB降至-9.9±1.1dB,最长发声时间由10.3±1.6s延长至18.8±2.5s,训练前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论嗓音训练可以通过改变患者发声习惯和方式,有效改善声带小结患者的嗓音质量。
84例紧急宫颈环扎术临床疗效分析

目的:回顾分析宫颈口已开大和(或)伴有羊膜囊脱出的宫颈机能不全患者实施紧急宫颈环扎术的临床疗效,探讨影响紧急宫颈环扎术成功率的因素。方法:将2016年6月至2019年6月于山东大学齐鲁医院行紧急宫颈环扎术的患者分成3组:宫颈口扩张<3cm组、≥3cm且<5cm组与≥5cm组,对比分析3组的延长孕周、新生儿存活率和绒毛膜羊膜炎感染率。结果: 84例患者行紧急宫颈环扎术,其中成功66例(单胎妊娠55例,双胎妊娠11例),手术成功者延长孕龄16~146天;32例足月分娩,33例早产,1例早早产(分娩孕周27~(+1)周),共得到77例存活新生儿。宫颈口扩张<3cm组、≥3cm且<5cm组与≥5cm组的延长孕周[( 11.5±6.2)周,( 8.1±6.3)周,( 2.5±3.0)周) ]、新生儿存活率( 86.2%,68.4%,42.9%) ]、绒毛膜羊膜炎感染率( 3.45%,21.05%,71.43%)组间比较,差异有统计学意义( P均<0.05) 。结论:紧急宫颈环扎术是宫颈机能不全患者宫颈口已扩张时的有效治疗手段,在宫颈口扩张<3cm时临床疗效最佳。随着宫颈口扩张严重程度的增加导致绒毛膜羊膜炎感染率显著升高,手术成功率降低。
2002-2019年天津市蓟州区缺血性脑卒中死亡率趋势分析

目的了解2002-2019年天津市蓟州区居民缺血性脑卒中死亡率及其变化趋势,为缺血性脑卒中的预防控制提供依据。方法通过"天津市全死因监测管理系统"和"国家人口死亡信息登记管理系统"收集2002-2019年蓟州区户籍居民全死因监测数据。使用SPSS 24.0软件进行χ~2检验和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验。用JoinPoint 4.3回归的年度变化百分比(APC)对缺血性脑卒中死亡率年度变化趋势进行分析。结果天津市蓟州区居民缺血性脑卒中粗死亡率由2002年的43.75/10万上升到2019年的153.08/10万,上升趋势有统计学意义(APC=4.39%,z=31.61,P<0.01);标化死亡率由2002年的32.54/10万上升到2019年的75.14/10万,上升趋势有统计学意义(APC=2.75%,z=15.14,P<0.01)。以2007年为节点,2002-2007年全人群粗死亡率和标化死亡率均呈上升趋势(APC分别为23.12%、18.04%,P<0.01);2007- 2019年粗死亡率在不同性别及全人群中呈上升趋势,均有统计学意义(APC分别为2.23%、0.78%和1.57%,P<0.05),标化死亡率的变化趋势均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。汇总18年数据,缺血性脑卒中男性年均标化死亡率(71.99/10万)高于女性(66.54/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.33,P<0.01)。随着年龄的增长缺血性脑卒中死亡率逐渐升高,趋势有统计学意义(P<0.01)。35~64岁人群缺血性脑卒中死亡率随时间呈升高趋势(APC=4.90%),65岁及以上人群死亡率自2007年开始呈下降趋势(APC=-0.88%),均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论2002-2019年天津市蓟州区居民缺血性脑卒中标化死亡率先上升后进入平稳期。男性和老年人为缺血性脑卒中死亡重点关注人群,应进一步采取有针对性的干预措施,降低缺血性脑卒中的死亡率。
2000-2019年上海市普陀区户籍居民主要慢性病早死情况及寿命损失

目的了解主要慢性病对普陀区户籍居民寿命的影响,为采取更具针对性防控措施、尽早实现早死概率控制目标提供参考。方法通过普陀区户籍居民死因登记与报告系统收集2000-2019年死因资料,按照国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)进行死因编码并归类。采用Access 2010及Excel 2010建立死亡数据库,计算心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病的死亡率、早死概率、早死所致寿命损失(YLL)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标,并拟合模型,计算年度变化百分比(APC)或平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),评估4类慢性病所致的死亡及寿命损失变化趋势。结果2000- 2019年,普陀区户籍居民4类慢性病早死概率从14.09%下降至9.11%(AAPC=-2.16%,t=-3.83,P<0.01),其中男性心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性呼吸系统疾病早死概率分别从6.94%、9.98%、1.40%下降至4.57%、6.85%、0.45%(AAPC分别为-1.88%、-1.54%,APC=-4.71%,P<0.01),糖尿病早死概率从0.29%上升至1.01%(AAPC=6.62%,t=4.25,P<0.01);女性心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病早死概率分别从4.43%、5.39%、0.49%、0.49%下降至1.09%、4.27%、 0.11%、0.30%(APC分别为-5.24%、-1.61%、-6.83%和-3.65%,P<0.01)。男性心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病的YLL率分别从52.82‰、64.46‰、2.34‰上升至66.35‰(AAPC=1.38%,P<0.01)、71.89‰(APC=0.83%,P<0.01)、10.51‰(AAPC= 8.38%,P<0.01),其中糖尿病的上升速度最快,慢性呼吸系统疾病的YLL率从15.08‰下降至9.76‰(APC=-2.35 %,P<0.01)。女性心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病的YLL率变化趋势均无统计学意义(P>0.05),慢性呼吸系统疾病的YLL率从7.60‰下降至3.77‰(APC=-3.47%,P<0.01)。男、女性4类疾病的AYLL均呈下降趋势(男性心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤APC分别为-1.32%、-0.92%,慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病AAPC分别为-1.41%、-0.92%,P<0.01;女性4类疾病APC分别为-2.44%、-1.20%、-2.01%、-1.94%,P<0.01),女性下降速度均高于男性。结论普陀区20年慢性病防控工作对减少主要慢性病过早死亡取得一定成效。今后应通过加强危险因素监测、完善肿瘤筛查方案、开展差异化健康教育等,形成更为有效的疾病综合管理模式,确保早死概率达标。
人工智能在呼吸疾病诊治中的应用进展

随着计算机技术的发展,以专家系统和深度学习为代表的人工智能技术逐渐应用于呼吸疾病的诊治中,特别是以卷积神经网络为代表的深度学习技术。在呼吸系统领域,人工智能技术在疾病流行预测、协助诊断、指导治疗、慢性病管理和预测预后等方面应用成效斐然,成为了临床医生的有力诊断工具。本文就人工智能技术在呼吸系统疾病诊治中的应用、挑战和展望进行综述。
I ~Ⅱ期肺腺癌PD-L1表达的临床病理意义

目的探讨PD-L1在I~Ⅱ期肺腺癌的表达情况及其与临床病理参数和常见基因突变的相关性。方法选取2019年4-11月北京大学第一医院胸外科手术切除I~Ⅱ期的肺腺癌病例共253例。依据临床病理特征进行分组,采用免疫组织化学方法检测标本中PD-L1的表达,计算肿瘤比例评分(tumor proportion score,TPS)。 TPS<1%为无表达,TPS≥1%为有表达,TPS≥50%为高表达。采用二代测序技术对其中85例样本的13个肺癌常见基因突变进行全外显子检测。比较PD-L1的表达在各临床病理分组间的差异以及与基因突变状态的相关性。结果PD-L1表达阳性率为9.9% (25/253),高表达率为2.0%(5/253)。Ⅱ B期病例PD-L1表达率高于I ~ Ⅱ A期,浸润性癌PD-L1表达率高于微小浸润性癌,PD-L1表达率随着浸润性癌病理学分级的升高而升高。PD-L1的表达显示出与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变具有负相关趋势。结论PD-L1在I ~Ⅱ期肺腺癌的表达明显低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期;在I ~Ⅱ期病例内部,其阳性率随着肿瘤分期和分级的升高而升高。PD-L1的表达与EGFR基因突变具有负相关趋势,可能是EGFR突变型肺腺癌预后好于野生型的原因之一。
第543例乏力-转氨酶异常-气短-嗜酸性粒细胞升高

多发性肌炎发病率低,起病隐匿,容易误诊、漏诊。本文报道了1例以乏力、转氨酶异常起病,疑诊为自身免疫性肝病的患者,由于其肝功能异常与自身免疫性肝病的特点不匹配,进一步发现患者肌力下降且合并肺间质病变,同时结合抗信号肽识别颗粒抗体阳性,确诊为多发性肌炎;患者肌炎治疗有效,但恢复期出现持续嗜酸性粒细胞升高,详细排查未找到原因,直到病程约3年时再次行全身正电子发射计算机断层显像发现左腋下乳腺癌转移灶,未发现原位实体瘤,临床极其少见。最终患者在肌炎维持治疗的情况下,及时行左乳切除及同侧腋下淋巴结清扫,目前病情相对稳定。
多发性骨髓瘤伴胰腺、胃、皮肤多发髓外病变一例

两个月后患者出现全身皮肤黏膜黄染,入院行胸腹部CT示:胰腺头颈部多发软组织肿块影,压迫胆总管下端致胆道系统扩张,胃底部软组织肿块影,腹壁软组织肿块影;肝功能:总胆红素380.77 µmol/L,直接胆红素232.81 µmol/L,间接胆红素147.96 µmol/L;IgA 16.53 g/L,κ轻链6.76 g/L(参考值1.56~4.08 g/L),尿本周蛋白2.4 g/24 h,血β2-微球蛋白5800 µg/L,HGB 85 g/L,肾功能正常;骨髓穿刺:骨髓浆细胞15%,行PTCD术,超声引导下胰腺、腹壁肿块穿刺活检及胃镜下胃内肿物活检,均显示肿块组织由分化程度不同的浆细胞构成,免疫组化染色:CD138(+),CD38(+),κ(+),λ(-),CD43(+),CD20(+),CD3(-),各标本Ki-67阳性指数50% ~ 80%,结合上述结果,考虑浆细胞瘤髓外浸润,遂行胰头颈病灶放射治疗36 Gy/18f,同时予来那度胺+环磷酰胺+地塞米松方案化疗1个周期,治疗后胰头颈部肿块完全消退,黄疸消失,拔除PTCD管,并予原方案化疗2个周期,末次化疗期间全身皮肤多发大小不等结节(从头皮至足背),考虑髓外浸润。患者及家属放弃治疗,随访1个月后患者死亡。
彩超诊断胎儿腹裂畸形伴小肠嵌顿1例

患者女,23岁.孕1产0,孕29周持续下腹隐痛,产前常规彩超检查:宫内一活胎,双顶径(BPD):7.4 cm,胎儿腹围(AC)增大,AC:25.6 cm,腹腔内小肠迂曲扩张,腹壁脐旁见长约1.0 cm的连续中断,腹腔少量积液,腹腔外见迂曲肠襻回声,位置固定,无包膜,腹腔外肠管回声增强.彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)和彩色多普勒能量成像(CDE)腹腔外肠管只有部分显示少许点状血流信号(图1).彩超诊断:单活胎,腹裂畸形(小裂口小肠嵌顿可能),腹腔少量积液.引产后证实了超声诊断.
超声诊断右胸腔异位肾1例

患者男,52岁.因胸闷、胸痛来诊,查体无阳性体征.常规超声检查:肝、胆、左肾形态大小正常,未见异常声像.扫查右肾区未见正常肾脏图像,在对侧、髂腰部及盆腔扫查均未见肾脏图像,在右肋缘下斜切仔细扫查时发现右侧胸腔内可见肾脏图像,大小约92 mm×54 mm,形态正常,集合系统与肾实质分界清楚,肾窦分离约16 mm,其内未见异常(图1).
Phase-Locked Fibre Array for Coherent Combination and Atmosphere Aberration Compensation

We report a fibre amplifier array that not only achieves coherent beam combination by compensation of phase noises of fibre amplifier, but also accomplishes correction of atmosphere aberration. It is of master-oscillator–multiple-amplifier (MOPA) configuration, which can be phase-locked by the multidither principle or heterodyne detection principle. First laboratory experiments of atmosphere aberration compensation of a three-element fibre amplifier array are reported. The atmosphere aberration is created by a phase screen in the experiment. The phase changes of the beam, which are introduced by the fibre amplifier and the phase screen, are both detected by the heterodyne detection method. Phase modulators are controlled to compensate for the phase in the three paths. No matter whether there is a phase screen producing atmosphere aberration or not, the dim dynamic interference fringes in the far field turn to a clear and stable pattern, and the peak intensity is maximized. It is indicated that the fibre amplifier array is phase-locked, and coherent combination of the three beams is achieved. It can be used not only to obtain high power fibre laser array but also in laser space communication.
Heat Transfer for Power Law Non-Newtonian Fluids

We present a theoretical analysis for heat transfer in power law non-Newtonian fluid by assuming that the thermal diffusivity is a function of temperature gradient. The laminar boundary layer energy equation is considered as an example to illustrate the application. It is shown that the boundary layer energy equation subject to the corresponding boundary conditions can be transformed to a boundary value problem of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation when similarity variables are introduced. Numerical solutions of the similarity energy equation are presented.
Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of Oxide Coatings on Aluminium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Silicate and Phosphate Electrolytes

Ceramic coatings are fabricated on pure aluminium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in three kinds of electrolyte systems [E1: 0.05M NaOH+0.033M Na_2SiO_3, E2: 0.025M NaOH+0.008M (NaPO_3)_6 and E3: 0.025M NaOH+0.066M Na_2SiO_3+0.008M (NaPO_3)_6]. The voltage–time responses show that the PEO process of E2 has the highest discharging voltage, which results in the biggest pores and heaviest cracks on the surfaces. X-ray diffraction results show that coatings produced in E1 and E3 are mainly composed of γ-Al_2O_3 and mullite, while coatings produced in E2 are mainly composed of α-Al_2O_3. After PEO treatment the corrosion resistance of aluminium is improved significantly and the coatings produced in E3 perform the best corrosion resistance.
Parallel Switch System with QoS Guarantee for Real-Time Traffic

This paper studies the load-balancing algorithm and quality of service (QoS) control mechanism in a 320Gb/s switch system, which incorporates four packet-level parallel switch planes. Eight priorities for both unicast and multicast traffic are implemented, and the highest priority with strict QoS guarantee is designed for real-time traffic. Through performance analysis under multi-priority burst traffic, we demonstrate that the load-balancing algorithm is efficient, and the switch system not only provides excellent performance to real-time traffic, but also efficiently allocates bandwidth among other traffic of lower priorities. As a result, this parallel switch system is more scalable towards next generation core routers with QoS guarantee, as well as ensures in-order delivery of IP packets.
A Note on the Stopping Redundancy of Linear Codes

In this paper, we study the stopping sets, stopping distance and stopping redundancy for binary linear codes. Stopping redundancy is a new concept proposed by Schwartz and Vardy recently for evaluating the performance of a linear code under iterative decoding over a binary erasure channel (BEC). Since the exact value of stopping redundancy is difficult to obtain in general, good lower and upper bounds are important. We obtain a new general upper bound on the stopping redundancy of binary linear codes which improves the corresponding results of Schwartz and Vardy.
Interface-Optical-Phonon Modes in Quasi-one-dimensional Wurtzite Rectangular Quantum Wires

By employing the dielectric continuum model and Loudon's uniaxial crystal model, the interface optical (IO) phonon modes in a freestanding quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) wurtzite rectangular quantum wire are derived and analyzed. Numerical calculation on a freestanding wurtzite GaN quantum wire is performed. The results reveal that the dispersion frequencies of IO modes sensitively depend on the geometric structures of the Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wires, the free wave-number kz in z-direction and the dielectric constant of the nonpolar matrix. The degenerating behavior of the IO modes in Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wire has been clearly observed in the case of small wave-number kz and large ratio of length to width of the rectangular crossing profile. The limited frequency behaviors of IO modes have been analyzed deeply, and detailed comparisons with those in wurtzite planar quantum wells and cylindrical quantum wires are also done. The present theories can be looked on as a generalization of that in isotropic rectangular quantum wires, and it can naturally reduce to the case of Q1D isotropic quantum wires once the anisotropy of the wurtzite material is ignored.