mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Head-to-head comparison of plasma and PET imaging ATN markers in subjects with cognitive complaints

Background Gaining more information about the reciprocal associations between different biomarkers within the ATN (Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) framework across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum is clinically relevant. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive head-to-head comparison of plasma and positron emission tomography (PET) ATN biomarkers in subjects with cognitive complaints. Methods A hospital-based cohort of subjects with cognitive complaints with a concurrent blood draw and ATN PET imaging (~(18)F-florbetapir for A, ~(18)F-Florzolotau for T, and ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose [~(18)F-FDG] for N) was enrolled (n= 137). The β-amyloid (Aβ) status (positive versus negative) and the severity of cognitive impairment served as the main outcome measures for assessing biomarker performances. Results Plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) level was found to be associated with PET imaging of ATN biomarkers in the entire cohort. Plasma p-tau181 level and PET standardized uptake value ratios of AT biomarkers showed a similarly excellent diagnostic performance for distinguishing between Aβ+and Aβ- subjects. An increased tau burden and glucose hypometabolism were significantly associated with the severity of cognitive impairment in Aβ+ subjects. Additionally, glucose hypometabolism - along with elevated plasma neurofilament light chain level -was related to more severe cognitive impairment in Aβ- subjects. Conclusion Plasma p-tau181, as well as ~(18)F-florbetapir and ~(18)F-Florzolotau PET imaging can be considered as interchangeable biomarkers in the assessment of Aβ status in symptomatic stages of AD. ~(18)F-Florzolotau and ~(18)F-FDG PET imaging could serve as biomarkers for the severity of cognitive impairment. Our findings have implications for establishing a roadmap to identifying the most suitable ATN biomarkers for clinical use.
扩展性携带者筛查病种纳入的研究进展

扩展性携带者筛查是出生缺陷一级预防的主要措施之一,在过去数年取得了长足发展,实现了单基因遗传病由被动诊治模式向主动预防模式的突破性转变,其可行性及临床应用价值得到了广泛认可。随着技术的进步,可筛查的单基因遗传病达千余种。但是,哪些单基因遗传病适合临床大规模筛查一直是产前诊断领域内争论的焦点。本文针对扩展性携带者筛查病种纳入的数量、疾病属性、受试者的意见、社会伦理学影响等方面的国内外研究进展进行综述,为扩展性携带者筛查在临床规范有序的开展提供依据。
胡桃夹综合征并发急性肾静脉血栓形成1例

综上所述,急性肾静脉血栓是胡桃夹综合征较为少见但严重的并发症,临床上建议积极处理,首要任务是清除肾静脉血栓,避免肾功能受损,做到个体化治疗。是否需要解除肾静脉压迫,则要根据具体病情以及患者意愿做出最佳决定。
司美替尼治疗儿童1型神经纤维瘤病1例

患儿女,5岁5月龄,因"皮肤咖啡牛奶斑5年余,跛行伴易跌倒1年余"就诊,临床表现为运动障碍、颈部包块、全身多处咖啡牛奶斑、脊柱侧弯,超声和影像学检查提示多发不规则团块状软组织信号,诊断1型神经纤维瘤病。口服司美替尼(2次/d,早20 mg,晚10 mg)治疗第37天颈部包块肉眼可见缩小,走路易跌倒明显减少,跛行、脊柱侧弯减轻,咖啡牛奶斑颜色变淡、范围缩小;治疗第57天后走路再无跌倒现象。
基于电子听诊器的呼吸音分析及其在儿童呼吸系统疾病中的应用现状和展望

传统听诊器存在不能连续监测、容易受到临床医生经验影响、不够客观和不能保存等不足。电子听诊器开辟了"计算机辅助听诊"的新领域,通过采集呼吸音信号,并由计算机对呼吸音信号进行客观测量、分析和管理。基于电子听诊器的呼吸音分析,已实现在呼吸系统部分疾病的转化应用。本文介绍基于电子听诊器的呼吸音分析方法及其在儿童呼吸系统疾病中的应用现状。
白花蛇舌草对肾癌Renca细胞体外增殖侵袭及小鼠体内移植瘤生长影响机制的探讨

目的通过体外细胞培养及小鼠体内成瘤实验探讨白花蛇舌草调控EGF - PI3K - AKT - MDM2信号通路对肾癌的治疗作用。方法体外培养肾癌Renca细胞,分对照组、白花蛇舌草低、中、高剂量组;据前期CCK - 8实验,药物浓度分别为0,27.79,44.92,63.88mg/ml,每孔培养基2.5ml;进行CCK - 8、细胞划痕实验及Western blot检测通路蛋白p - pi3k、 p - akt表达情况。建立小鼠肾癌模型,分空白组、模型组、白花蛇舌草组;白花蛇舌草组给药60mg/kg,1次/天,灌胃,空白组、模型组以同等量生理盐水灌胃;末次给药24h后给各组小鼠称体重,并处死动物剥离移植瘤称瘤重,qPCR检测肾癌荷瘤小鼠瘤组织内通路基因EGF、PI3K 、AKT、MDM2表达情况; Western blot检测肾癌荷瘤小鼠脾脏组织内凋亡蛋白Caspase - 3、Caspase - 9表达情况。结果细胞体外实验得到如下结果。CCK - 8细胞实验表明:与对照组相比,白花蛇舌草对肾癌Renca细胞的抑制作用与药物浓度及处理时间成正比,且白花蛇舌草低、中、高剂量组三组间比较差异均具有显著性(P < 0.05); 12h组、24h组、48h组,各自组间比较差异具有显著性(P < 0.05)。细胞划痕实验结果显示:随着药物作用浓度增加,白花蛇舌草抑制肾癌细胞增殖侵袭的作用增强(P < 0.05)。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比白花蛇舌草组p - pi3k、p - akt蛋白表达减少(P < 0.05)。肾癌荷瘤小鼠实验得到如下结果。模型组体重较空白组显著降低(P < 0.05),白花蛇舌草组体重较模型组显著增高(P < 0.05);白花蛇舌草组瘤重较模型组显著降低(P < 0.05)。qPCR显示:与模型组相比,白花蛇舌草组EGF、PI3K 、AKT、MDM2基因表达显著下调(P < 0.05); Western blot显示,与对照组相比白花蛇舌草组Caspase - 3、Caspase - 9蛋白表达显著增高(P < 0.05)。结论白花蛇舌草可促进肾癌细胞凋亡,其作用可能与EGF - PI3K - AKT - MDM2信号通路调控有关。
沉默信息调节因子3在高血压和内皮功能障碍中的研究进展

高血压是急性心肌梗死、脑卒中等严重心血管疾病的重要发病因素,已成为全球重大公共卫生问题和首要的死亡危险因素。目前研究认为,血管功能障碍是高血压的重要病理生理机制,二者具有双向关系。血管功能障碍是高血压最早期和最重要的血管损害,在高血压的发生发展中起重要作用,高血压血管功能障碍可导致靶器官损害。代谢紊乱和氧化应激是高血压和血管功能障碍的发病机制之一,而代谢紊乱、氧化应激与线粒体损伤和高乙酰化有关。线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD)依赖性蛋白脱乙酰酶沉默信息调节因子3(sirtuin-3,SIRT3)在代谢和抗氧化功能的调节中至关重要。因此,本文旨在综述SIRT3和高血压、血管功能障碍的关系及此研究领域的新进展。
Dynamic Analysis of A Deep-Water Compliant Vertical Access Riser with A Variable Length During Installation

Compliant vertical access risers (CVAR) have broad application prospects in deep-water oil and gas transportation. However, the mechanical behaviors of the CVAR with a variable length during installation remains unclear. To address this issue, based on the flexible segment method, a model of CVAR with a variable length during installation is established in this study, which is verified by the comparison with commercial software. Then, the mechanical behaviors of CVAR during installation are investigated. The results reveal that the CVAR configuration is significantly affected by the buoyancy blocks. The streamwise displacement of CVAR increases with the increase of current velocity. When the BOP weight is insuffcient, obvious upbending is observed in the lower region and transition region, leading to local compression. When the platform moves in the opposite direction to the current, the maximum stress is larger than that of the scenario when the platform moves in the same direction as the current.
Laser Surface Texturing of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Biomedical Applications: A Case Study for the Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Properties

This study presents a comprehensive approach to applying texturing processes created by engraving on the surface of CoCr_(28)Mo alloy workpieces using a 20 W pulsed nanosecond fiber laser. The hatch strategy and distance, frequency, and scan speed were control parameters for texturing applications. The effectiveness of the parameters in terms of roughness and contact angle of the texturized surface was investigated. Surface roughness and contact angle were analyzed using variance analysis to identify each variable's influence. It has been determined that the roughness of the texture defined by the hatch strategy plays a decisive role in the wettability behavior of the surface; however, the scan speed, frequency, and hatch distance which are among the laser surface texturing conditions are influential in the roughness and contact angle. Increasing scan speed and hatch distance while decreasing frequency resulted in smoother surfaces, increasing the contact angle. Textures having rough surfaces produced with different processing conditions exhibit a super hydrophilic behavior. The contact angle is most sensitive to the hatch distance; however, the frequency has the least influence on the contact angle. The most and least efficient surface roughness parameters are revealed to be scan speed and hatch distance, respectively.
Numerical analysis of bending property of bi-modulus materials and a new method for measurement of tensile elastic modulus

In nature,there are widely distributed bi-modulus materials with different deformation characteristics under compressive and tensile stress states,such as concrete,rock and ceramics.Due to the lack of constitutive model that could reasonably consider the bi-modulus property of materials,and the lack of simple and reliable measurement methods for the tensile elastic parameters of materials,scientists and engineers always neglect the effect of the bi-modulus property of materials in engineering design and numerical simulation.To solve this problem,this study utilizes the uncoupled strain-driven constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montans (2020) to systematically study the distributions and magnitudes of stresses and strains of bi-modulus materials in the three-point bending test through the numerical method.Furthermore,a new method to synchronously measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli of materials through the four-point bending test is proposed.The numerical results show that the bi-modulus property of materials has a significant effect on the stress,strain and displacement in the specimen utilized in the three-point and four-point bending tests.Meanwhile,the results from the numerical tests,in which the elastic constitutive model proposed by Latorre and Montans (2020) is utilized,also indicate that the newly proposed measurement method has a good reliability.Although the new measurement method proposed in this study can synchronously and effectively measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli,it cannot measure the tensile and compressive Poisson's ratios.
Nonlinear chirped pulse amplification for a 100-W-class GHz femtosecond all-fiber laser system at 1.5 μm

In this work, we present a high-power, high-repetition-rate, all-fiber femtosecond laser system operating at 1.5 μm. This all-fiber laser system can deliver femtosecond pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 10.6 GHz with an average output power of 106.4 W - the highest average power reported so far from an all-fiber femtosecond laser at 1.5 μm, to the best of our knowledge. By utilizing the soliton-effect-based pulse compression effect with optimized pre-chirping dispersion, the amplified pulses are compressed to 239 fs in an all-fiber configuration. Empowered by such a high-power ultrafast fiber laser system, we further explore the nonlinear interaction among transverse modes LP01, LP11 and LP21 that are expected to potentially exist in fiber laser systems using large-mode-area fibers. The intermodal modulational instability is theoretically investigated and subsequently identified in our experiments. Such a high-power all-fiber ultrafast laser without bulky free-space optics is anticipated to be a promising laser source for applications that specifically require compact and robust operation.
Fine mapping of a major QTL qHYF_B06 for peanut yield

High yield is a major objective for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide.However,fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa),wheat (Triticum aestivum),and maize (Zea mays).This study aimed to identify stable major-effect QTL associated with pod yield per plant,hundred-pod weight for double-seeded pods,hundred-seed weight,shelling percentage,and pod number per plant,allowing us to predict candidate genes by means of transcriptome and genome sequencing.To this end,we used a population of recombinant inbred lines comprising 192 F9:11 families derived from a JH6 × KX01-6 cross to construct a highresolution genetic map (1705.7 cM) consisting of 2273 polymorphic SNPs,with 0.75 cM (on average) between adjacent SNPs.We identified two high-confidence,yield-related QTL,qHYF_A08 and qHYF_B06,explaining 5.78%-31.40% of phenotypic variation and with LOD values of 5.10-24.48,in six environments.qHYF_A08 mainly explained the variation in shelling percentage,whereas qHYF_B06 explained variation in hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight and accounted for 8.77%-31.40% of the variation in effective pod number per plant,pod number per plant,and shelling percentage.We narrowed down qHYF_B06 to an 890-kb interval using an advanced mapping population.Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that only Arahy.129FS0 and Arahy.3R9A5K in the candidate mapping interval were differentially expressed between JH6 and KX01-6,with substantial structural variations in their promoter and coding regions.Genotypes of 208 peanut accessions determined using a diagnostic CAPS marker suggested that the two haplotypes of Arahy.3R9A5K were highly associated with hundred-seed weight and hundred-pod weight;this diagnostic CAPs marker could therefore be useful for selecting high-yielding lines during peanut breeding.Overall,our results provide valuable information for cloning alleles with favorable effects on peanut yield.
Synergistic Effect of Dual-Doped Carbon on Mo_2C Nanocrystals Facilitates Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

Molybdenum carbide (Mo_2C) materials are promising electrocatalysts with potential applications in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to low cost and Pt-like electronic structures.Nevertheless,their HER activity is usually hindered by the strong hydrogen binding energy.Moreover,the lack of water-cleaving sites makes it difficult for the catalysts to work in alkaline solutions.Here,we designed and synthesized a B and N dual-doped carbon layer that encapsulated on Mo_2C nanocrystals (Mo_2C@BNC) for accelerating HER under alkaline condition.The electronic interactions between the Mo_2C nanocrystals and the multiple-doped carbon layer endow a near-zero H adsorption Gibbs free energy on the defective C atoms over the carbon shell.Meanwhile,the introduced B atoms afford optimal H_2O adsorption sites for the water-cleaving step.Accordingly,the dual-doped Mo_2C catalyst with synergistic effect of non-metal sites delivers superior HER performances of a low overpotential (99 mV@10 mA cm~(-2)) and a small Tafel slope (58.1 mV dec~(-1)) in 1 M KOH solution.Furthermore,it presents a remarkable activity that outperforming the commercial 10% Pt/C catalyst at large current density,demonstrating its applicability in industrial water splitting.This study provides a reasonable design strategy towards noble-metal-free HER catalysts with high activity.
Flow-through胫后动脉皮瓣联合Orthofix单臂轨道式外固定支架在治疗小腿离断伤中的应用

目的探讨应用Flow-through胫后动脉穿支皮瓣联合Orthofix单臂轨道式外固定支架治疗小腿严重离断伤的临床疗效和技术要点,评估保肢技术的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年9月至2021年6月在徐州仁慈医院足踝外科收治的10例小腿中下段离断伤患者的临床资料,其中男6例,女4例;年龄23~56岁,平均40.6岁;致伤原因:车祸伤6例,重物砸伤2例,挤压伤2例;离断处创面缺损面积9.0 cm×5.0 cm~24.0 cm×6.0 cm,血管缺损长度3.0~10.0 cm,平均5.7 cm,胫、腓骨缺损4.0~8.0 cm,平均5.6 cm;均急诊手术,一期采用游离对侧Flow-through胫后动脉皮瓣覆盖创面、桥接血管重建血运,供区一期拉拢缝合;胫骨缺损用抗生素骨水泥填充安装Orthofix单臂轨道式外固定支架。再植术后1个月行骨缺损区域骨水泥去除加胫骨高位截骨骨搬运,带架时间为10~15个月,平均12.1个月,术后观察再植肢体及游离皮瓣成活情况、再植肢体功能及供区外形功能恢复情况;末次随访时记录患者骨折愈合的质量Paley评分、骨延长区域矿化时间、骨延长长度、带架时间、骨性愈合指数(BHI)、Likert满意度量表进行满意度评价。结果10例患者皮瓣均一期成活,2例因皮瓣臃肿后期行皮瓣修整,血管彩超检查桥接的血管通畅;所有患者骨搬运延长段骨矿化良好,6例搬运骨会师断端清理加压骨性愈合,4例搬运骨会师后行软组织清理并植骨加压内固定后骨性愈合,所有患者均来院复诊随访12~18个月,平均14.6个月。末次随访时Paley评分,优5例、良4例、一般1例,末次随访时Likert满意度调查显示:非常满意3例,满意6例,一般1例。骨延长区域矿化平均300 d,骨延长长度平均5.6 cm,带架时间平均12个月,BHI平均30 d/cm。供区仅留线形瘢痕,无增生。结论Flow-through胫后动脉穿支皮瓣联合Orthofix单臂轨道式外固定支架治疗小腿离断伤,安全有效,既恢复了血供,又覆盖了创面,骨搬运治疗长段骨缺损安全性更高,非短缩再植下肢功能恢复更好。
孤立性二尖瓣瓣叶裂合并异位腱索附着超声心动图表现1例

超声心动图是评估疑似或已知的二尖瓣结构异常的首选技术。它可以初步评价瓣膜的功能、形态、反流的机制和严重程度,以及有无合并其他结构异常等。然而,由于其断层扫描性质,二维超声心动图,包括经胸和经食管,在定义复杂的三维解剖特征,如位置、大小和形态方面的能力有限,并且其很难完整地显示二尖瓣解剖结构,因此对孤立性MVC诊断价值不高。经胸和经食道三维超声心动图,特别是分辨率更高的经食道超声,可以通过三维重建清晰地显示瓣叶和瓣环的非平面几何形状[6],以及复杂的瓣膜下装置及其与瓣周围结构的空间关系,因此能够直观地显示裂缺的位置、形态、范围。
男科护理亚专科模式的探索研究

相较于男科学的飞速发展,男科专科护理才刚刚起步。国家一系列关于护理事业发展政策的出台,为护理事业带来了新的机遇和挑战,护理专业呈横向、纵深、精细化发展,护理亚专科也逐渐起步和发展 。我院男科自2017年开始探索护理亚专科建设,通过完善组织架构、开展特色护理、强化人才培养、重视教学科研、扩大学科品牌影响,保障男科护理亚专科模式逐步完善实施。
Nitrogen-doped carbon-coated hollow SnS_2/NiS microflowers for high-performance lithium storage

Nitrogen-doped carbon-coated hollow SnS_2/NiS (SnS_2/NiS@N-C) microflowers were obtained using NiSn(OH)6 nanospheres as the template via a solventthermal method followed by the polydopamine coating and carbonization process. When served as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, such hollow SnS_2/NiS@N-C microflowers exhibited a capacity of 403.5 mAh·g~(-1) at 2.0 A·g~(-1) over 200 cycles and good rate performance. The electrochemical reaction kinetics of this anode was analyzed, and the morphologies and structures of anode materials after the cycling test were characterized. The high stability and good rate performance were mainly due to bimetallic synergy, hollow micro/nanostructure, and nitrogen-doped carbon layers. The revealed excellent electrochemical energy storage properties of hollow SnS_2/NiS@N-C microflowers in this study highlight their potential as the anode material.
Integrating multi-modal information to detect spatial domains of spatial transcriptomics by graph attention network

Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies have enabled unprecedented opportunities to elucidate tissue architecture and function in situ. Spatial transcriptomics can provide multimodal and complementary information simultaneously, including gene expression profiles, spatial locations, and histology images. However, most existing methods have limitations in efficiently utilizing spatial information and matched high-resolution histology images. To fully leverage the multi-modal information, we propose a SPAtially embedded Deep Attentional graph Clustering (SpaDAC) method to identify spatial domains while reconstructing denoised gene expression profiles. This method can efficiently learn the low-dimensional embeddings for spatial transcriptomics data by constructing multi-view graph modules to capture both spatial location connectives and morphological connectives. Benchmark results demonstrate that SpaDAC outperforms other algorithms on several recent spatial transcriptomics datasets. SpaDAC is a valuable tool for spatial domain detection, facilitating the comprehension of tissue architecture and cellular microenvironment. The source code of SpaDAC is freely available at Github (https://github.com/huoyuying/SpaDAC.git).
Theoretical insights into influence of additives on sulfamethoxazole crystal growth kinetics and mechanisms

In this work, the influence of the initial chemical potential gradient, stirring speed, and polymer type on sulfamethoxazole (SMX) crystal growth kinetics was systematically investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, experimental measurements and the two-step chemical potential gradient model. To investigate the influence of different conditions on the thermodynamic driving force of SMX crystal growth, SMX solubilities in different polymer solutions were studied. Four model polymers effectively improved SMX solubility. It was further found that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) played a crucial role in inhibiting SMX crystal growth. However, polyethylene glycol (PEG) promoted SMX crystal growth. The effect of the polymer on the crystal growth mechanisms of SMX was further analyzed by the two-step chemical potential gradient model. In the system containing PEG 6000, crystal growth is dominated by the surface reaction. However, in the system containing PEG 20000, crystal growth is dominated by both the surface reaction and diffusion. In addition, DFT calculations results showed that HPMC and PVP could form strong and stable binding energies with SMX, indicating that PVP and HPMC had the potential ability to inhibit SMX crystal growth.
Corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni based alloys exposed to molten MgCl_2-KCl-NaCl salt with over-added Mg corrosion inhibitor

MgCl_2-NaCl-KCl salts mixture shows great potential as a high-temperature (> 700 °C) thermal energy storage material in next-generation concentrated solar power plants. Adding Mg into molten MgCl_2-NaCl-KCl salt as a corrosion inhibitor is one of the most effective and cost-effective methods to mitigate the molten salt corrosion of commercial Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. However, it is found in this work that both stainless steel 310 and Incoloy 800H samples were severely corroded after 500 h immersion test at 700 °C when the alloy samples directly contacted with the over-added Mg in the liquid form. The corrosion attack is different from the classical impurity-driven corrosion in molten chloride salts found in previous work. Microscopic analysis indicates that Ni preferentially leaches out of alloy matrix due to the tendency to form MgNi2/Mg2Ni compounds. The Ni-depletion leads to the formation of a porous corrosion layer on both alloys, with the thickness around 204 μm (stainless steel 310) and 1300 μm (Incoloy 800H), respectively. These results suggest that direct contact of liquid Mg with Ni-containing alloys should be avoided during using Mg as a corrosion inhibitor for MgCl_2-NaCl-KCl or other chlorides for high temperature heat storage and transfer.
Origin and geological control of desorbed gas in multi-thin coal seam in the Wujiu depression, Hailar Basin, China

To understand the natural gas characteristics of multi-thin coal seam, this study selected the desorbed gas of coal seams in different layers of Well A in the Wujiu depression, Hailar Basin in northeast Inner Mongolia. The results show that the heavy hydrocarbon content of desorbed gas increases significantly with the increasing depth. Methane carbon (δ~(13)C_1) and ethane carbon (δ~(13)C_2) isotope values are vertically become heavier downwards, while the δ~(13)C_(CO_2) values did not change significantly. The kerogen is close to the III-II mixed type with the source rocks mainly deposited in a shore/shallow lake or braidedriver delta front, and the gas produced has certain characteristics of oil associated gas. However, the characteristics of oil associated gas produced by the organic formed in the shallow-water environment (braidedriver delta plain) are not obvious. The sandstone pore and fracture systems interbedded with multi-thin coal seam are well developed. And it is conducive to the migration of methanogenic micro-organisms to coal seams via groundwater, making it easier to produce biogenic gas under this geological condition. During the burial evolution of coal-bearing strata in the study area, when the burial depth reaches the maximum, there are significant differences in the paleotemperature experienced by different vertical coal seams, caused by a highpaleogeothermal gradient, increasing the δ~(13)C_2 of desorbed gas with increasing depth. The above research indicates that there is less biogenic gas in the multi-thin coal seams with relatively developed mudstone, and the multi-thin coal seams with relatively developed sandstones have obvious biogenic gas characteristics. Therefore, for the exploration and development of biogenic gas in low-rank multi-thin coal seams, it is necessary to give priority to the layer with high sandstone content.
Simulating CO_2 profiles using NIES TM and comparison with HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations

We present a study on validation of the National Institute for Environmental Studies Transport Model (NIES TM) by comparing to observed vertical profiles of atmospheric CO_2. The model uses a hybrid sigmaisentropic (σ–θ) vertical coordinate that employs both terrain-following and isentropic parts switched smoothly in the stratosphere. The model transport is driven by reanalyzed meteorological fields and designed to simulate seasonal and diurnal cycles, synoptic variations, and spatial distributions of atmospheric chemical constituents in the troposphere. The model simulations were run for combination of biosphere, fossil fuel, air-ocean exchange, biomass burning and inverse correction fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO_2) by GOSAT Level 4 product. We compared the NIES TM simulated fluxes with data from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) Merged 10-s Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data, including HIPPO-1, HIPPO-2 and HIPPO-3 from 128.0°E to 84.0°W, and 87.0°N to 67.2°S. The simulation results were compared with CO_2 observations made in January and November, 2009, and March and April, 2010. The analysis attests that the model is sufficient to simulate vertical profiles with errors within 1–2 ppmv, except for the lower stratosphere in the northern hemisphere high latitudes.