mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effect of supporting materials on the electrocatalytic activity, stability and selectivity of noble metal-based catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions

Carbonaceous and alternative supporting materials for platinum(Pt) and palladium(Pd) have been explored for the cathodic electrocatalysis in low-temperature fuel cells. Pd and Pt are widely used for catalysis owing to their remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward water splitting and fuel cell reactions. Supporting materials play a paramount role in defining electrocatalytic properties such as durability, selectivity, and activity. The conventional supporting material such as carbon black is unable to fit all the requirements under the severe operating conditions of fuel cells due to its poor corrosion resistance and limited mass transport of fuels to active catalyst sites. Nowadays the scientific research is being concentrated on devising different altered carbonic and carbonfree supporting materials for catalysts to improve the catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity of noble metal electrocatalysts. Lately, Pt, Pd and their alloy catalysts supported on modified carbonaceous and carbon-free materials have attracted solid interest owing to their prominent characteristics contributing to the remarkable fuel cell efficacy. Therefore, it is reasonable to explore this theme, regarding a variety of supporting materials, their advantages, drawbacks and future perspectives. In this mini-review, we selectively summarize recent advancements on several types of key supporting materials: carbon(graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, and doped carbon nanostructures), non-carbon(transition metals oxides, borides, nitrides, and carbides) and hybrid nanocomposites.
药品研发企业开展MAH委托生产的影响因素研究

为探究药品研发企业选择委托生产的影响因素,本文采用问卷调查法对具有研发业务的医药企业进行调研。结果显示药品研发企业最注重产品独家拥有的保障,其次为委托生产质量,委托生产成本与委托生产协议的职责划分也是研发企业的重点考虑因素。建议药品监管部门加快出台知识产权保护等配套措施,加强委托生产规范指导,促使委托生产行业走向成熟;引导研发企业开展委托生产,指导受托生产企业规模化生产,促进产业资源合理配置,以期为进一步完善药品上市许可持有人(MAH)制度提供建议。
海南地区结直肠癌中错配修复蛋白及多药耐药蛋白的表达及意义

目的探讨错配修复(mismatch repair deficent,MMR)蛋白与多药耐药(multidrug resistance, MDR)蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达及意义。方法收集海南省人民医院2017年1月~ 2019年6月存档的707例结直肠癌标本,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测结直肠癌中MSH2、MSH6、MLH1、PMS2、Pgp、GSTπ、Topo Ⅱ蛋白的表达,分析MMR蛋白和MDR蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果707例结直肠癌中,MMR蛋白表达缺失率为7.8%;MMR蛋白表达与MDR蛋白表达无相关性(P >0.05);MMR蛋白表达缺失与患者发病年龄、发病部位、肿瘤大小、分化程度、组织类型、神经侵犯、淋巴结转移等有关(P<0.05);P-gp蛋白表达与组织类型、淋巴结转移等有关(P<0.05),GSTπ蛋白表达与分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移等有关(P<0.05),TopoⅡ蛋白表达与发病部位、分化程度等有关(P<0.05)。结论结直肠癌中MMR蛋白及MDR蛋白表达与临床病理特征关系密切,对评估结直肠癌的恶性程度及预后有重要意义。
Numerical simulation of single roller melt spinning for NdFeB alloy based on finite element method

The numerical simulation model of single roller melt spinning for rapid quenching process of NdFeB alloy was built, and the vacuum chamber, cooling roller and sample were taken into account as a system. The existing mature technology was in order to verify the correctness of simulation. The rapid quenching ribbons with different roll speeds were used as the simulation objects. The results of the numerical simulation and experiments show that the validity of the model has been testified and the reasons of the formation of complete quenching ribbons and by-product have been explained. The experimental thickness of the ribbons is proportional to the theoretical thickness. In the same spray condition, with the roll speed increasing, the thickness decreases linearly. At the speed range of 25-30 m·s~(-1), the simulated calculation date is close to the experimental date, which can be considered as an ideal technological parameter.
Towards designing efficient catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reaction

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs) have attracted increasing research efforts in the past decade due to the advantageous nature of using Pt-free catalysts and cheap components that bring its cost closer to the target of US$30 kW~(-1). On the aspect of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), several Pt-free catalysts(such as M-N-C [2] and transition metal oxides [3,4]) are developed, and their performance can be comparable to that of Pt-based catalysts. Yet anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR) is still challenging, due to the main reliance on Pt-based catalysts and two-order slow kinetics in alkaline electrolyte. It has been proved that the HOR activity is in a positive correlation with the oxophilicity and hydrogen binding energy(HBE) of catalysts [5]. In order to construct efficient HOR catalysts, regulating the d-band of metals can be potentially used to moderate the binding affinity towards O and H species. Tuning the adsorption of intermediate species is very effective to enhance the electrocatalysis [6]. Particularly for HOR, nickel is a potential alternative to Pt-based catalysts, but its unfavourable d-band can cause the strong binding affinity towards H and O species, which block the active sites. By means of electron transfer effect, the d-band centre of Ni is downshifted by N-coupling,which weakens the binding energy of H and O species and thus results in remarkable HOR activity and stability [7,8]. However, the HOR activities of Ni-based catalysts are still far away from that of Pt, insufficient rendering them practically viable. Notably, the strong interaction between active sites and support(metal oxides) can also regulate the electronic structure [6,9], which further optimizes the adsorption of intermediate species and ultimately enhances the catalytic performance. Recently, one paper published in Nature Catalysis reported an efficient Ru HOR catalyst whose activity approaches Pt [10].
外用糖皮质激素治疗银屑病的疗效与糖皮质激素受体的关联

银屑病是一种常见、易复发并以角质形成细胞异常增殖及分化不全为特征的慢性炎症性皮肤病。其中外用糖皮质激素(GC)以其良好的抗炎、抗过敏及免疫抑制等作用,成为长期以来皮肤科医师治疗银屑病的重要手段之一。近年来针对银屑病的外用治疗进行了各种相关研究,发现GC与糖皮质激素受体(GR)结合并发挥抗炎作用时受到多种因素影响。该文就银屑病外用GC治疗时对GR的影响因素作一综述。
降胸椎动脉的三维影像解剖三例

降胸椎动脉是椎动脉起始段发出的分支变异,走行于上胸部肋横突间隙内。通过对3例患者的颈部CT血管造影进行三维影像重建,观察降胸椎动脉的解剖特点。3例患者均为检查意外发现,其中2例为双侧变异,1例为单侧变异。因降胸椎动脉可发出根髓动脉和支气管动脉,具有重要临床意义,在外科手术和介入诊疗时应注意识别。
Different distributions of nerve demyelination in chronic acquired multifocal polyneuropathies

Background: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS), and many chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (CIDPs) are representative of acquired multifocal polyneuropathy and are characterized by conduction block (CB). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the demyelinating distribution and the selective vulnerability of MMN, LSS, and CIDP with CB (CIDP-CB) in nerves. Methods: Fifteen LSS subjects (107 nerves), 24 MMN subjects (176 nerves), and 17 CIDP-CB subjects (110 nerves) were included. Their clinical information was recorded, blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests were conducted, and nerve conductions of the median, ulnar, radial, peroneal, and tibial nerves were evaluated. CB, temporal dispersion, distal motor latency (DML), and F-wave latency were recorded, and nerve conduction velocity, terminal latency index, and modified F-wave ratio were calculated. Results: CB was more likely to occur around the elbow in CIDP-CB than in MMN (78.6% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.01) but less likely to occur between the wrist and the elbow than in LSS (10.7% vs. 39.3%, P < 0.05). Tibial nerve CB was most frequently observed in MMN (47.4%, P < 0.05). CIDP-CB was characterized by a prolonged DML in all nerves, and slow motor nerve velocity of the upper limb was significant when CB nerves were excluded (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We report the different distributions of segmental and diffuse demyelination of the ulnar and tibial nerves in LSS, MMN, and CIDP-CB. These distinct distributions could help in differentiating among these conditions.
Distr ibution, r isk and bioavailability of metals in sediments of Lake Yamdrok Basin on the Tibetan Plateau, China

Total contents of metals in soil and sediments on the Tibetan Plateau of China have been widely analyzed, but existing information is insufficient to effectively evaluate metal ecological risk because of a lack of metal bioavailability data. In this study, distribution, potential risk, mobility and bioavailability of metals in sediments of Lake Yamdrok Basin in Tibet of China were explored by combined use of total digestion, sequential extraction and the diffusive gradient in thin-films(DGT). Average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in surface sediments were 31.25, 30.31, 22.00, 45.04, 31.32, 0.13 and 13.39 mg/kg, respectively. Higher levels of metals were found near the inflowing rivers. Residual form was dominant in Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb, and reducible form was dominant in As and Cd. Metals in surface sediments showed a low enrichment degree overall, but Cd and As had higher ecological risk levels than the other metals. Furthermore, there was a larger average proportion of exchangeable form of As(20.4%) and Cd(9.0%) than the other metals(1.7%-3.3%), implying their higher mobility and release risk. Average DGT-labile concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were 0.5, 4.5, 0.7, 25.1, 60.0, 0.22 and 1.0 μg/L, respectively. The DGT-labile As was significantly correlated with extractable As forms( p < 0.01), suggesting that extractable As in sediments acts as a “mobile pool” for bioavailable As. These results suggest potential risks of As and Cd, especially As, deserve further attention in Lake Yamdrok Basin.
游离第二足趾修饰性再造甲弧影以远指尖缺损

目的探讨游离第二足趾修饰性再造甲弧影以远指尖缺损的临床疗效。方法自2017年4月至2019年6月,我们切取第二足趾指尖复合组织瓣,携带部分末节趾骨游离移植,吻合胫侧(双侧)趾底动脉、神经及趾背静脉重建再造8例8指指尖缺损患者的指尖血运、感觉及外形。保留部分趾甲甲板,剥离并剔除甲基质,与患指残甲拼接。足趾供区直接缝合。结果术后8例8再造指尖全部存活,其中1例术后30 h出现静脉危象,及时换药拆线后,顺利存活。术后随访时间为5 ~20个月,其中5例术后4 ~10个月行指腹微修整术。再造指指腹饱满、皮纹接近,两点分辨觉为4~6 mm,手指功能接近正常,指甲生长外观良好,甲体无畸形。供区足趾无疼痛,行走功能无影响。结论第二足趾部分移植修饰再造指尖甲弧影以远缺损,具有患指外形及感觉恢复佳、供区创伤小等优点,是一种较好的指尖缺损修复重建术式。
Formation of Functional Cyclooctadiene Derivatives by Supramolecularly-Controlled Topochemical Reactions and Their Use as Highly Selective Fluorescent Biomolecule Probes

Controlling the regio- and stereochemistry of the photoproducts in solution is far more challenging for polyenes than for monoalkenes. Herein, a supramolecularly-controlled topochemical reaction of conjugated dienes in homogeneous system is developed, ultimately providing two cyclooctadiene-cored tetraimidazolium molecular receptors exclusively. These cyclooctadiene derivatives exhibited highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensing for thymine relative to other biologically relevant species in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Both the cyclooctadiene moieties and imidazolium units play important roles in the selective recognition observed. The presented supramolecularly-controlled method allows the simple yet rare selective photoconversion of flexible cyclooctadiene derivatives in solution. This study offers a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of functional molecules with potential for use in biological applications.
A Novel Approach for Evaluating Nonstationary Response of Dynamic Systems to Stochastic Excitation

The transient state of a dynamic system, such as offshore structures, to random excitation is always nonstationary. Many studies have contributed to evaluating response covariances at the transient state of a linear multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system to random excitations, but a closed-form solution was not available unless the excitation was assumed to be a physically unrealizable white noise process. This study derives explicit, closed-form solutions for the response covariances at the transient state by using a pole-residue (PR) approach operated in the Laplace domain when the excitations are assumed to be stationary random processes described by physically realizable spectral density functions. By using the PR method, we can analytically solve the triple integral in evaluating the nonstationary response covariance. As this approach uses the poles and residues of system transfer functions, rather than the conventional mode superposition technique, the method is applicable to MDOF systems with non-classical damping models. Particular application of the proposed method is demonstrated for multi-story shear buildings to stochastic ground acceleration characterized by the Kanai–Tajimi spectral density function model, and a numerical example is provided to illustrate the detailed steps. No numerical integrations are required for computing the response covariances as the exact closed-form solution has been derived. The correctness of the proposed method is numerically verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
女性上生殖道微生物群特征及其对生殖与辅助生殖的影响

人体微生物群是指存在于人体内部和表面的微生物的总体。据估计,人体内部和表面的细菌数量与构成人体的总细胞数具有相同的数量级。随着人类基因组计划(Human Genome Project,HGP)的完成,“第二个人类基因组计划”这一概念又被提出,2007年美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)发起了人类微生物组计划(Human Microbiome Project,HMP),对正常健康志愿者身体不同部位的微生物组进行特征分析,其中就包括女性阴道。
中药在干细胞治疗心肌梗死中的作用及机制

据统计,2 016年中国心血管病患病人数为2.9亿,心血管病病死率高举榜首,其中农村和城市心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)死亡率分别为74.72/10万和58.69/10万,并且随着人口老龄化有持续上升趋势。MI发生后,死亡的心肌细胞被成纤维细胞代替,引起心脏结构的重构、室壁变薄和瘢痕形成,最终导致心力衰竭,甚至死亡。目前,临床上对于MI的治疗措施主要包括药物治疗、内科介入治疗、外科手术治疗等,虽可以挽救濒临死亡的心肌,但对已坏死心肌却无能为力。
Optimization of nitrogen fertilizer rate under integrated rice management in a hilly area of Southwest China

China has the world's highest nitrogen(N)application rate,and the lowest N use efficiency(NUE).With the crop yield increasing,serious N pollution is also caused.An in-situ field experiment(2011-2015)was conducted to examine the effects of three N levels,0(i.e.,no fertilizer N addition to soil),120,and 180 kg N ha~(-1),using integrated rice management(IRM).We investigated rice yield,aboveground N uptake,and soil surface N budget in a hilly region of Southwest China.Compared to traditional rice management(TRM),IRM integrated raised beds,plastic mulch,furrow irrigation,and triangular transplanting,which significantly improved rice grain yield,straw biomass,aboveground N uptake,and NUE.Integrated rice management significantly improved ~(15)N recovery efficiency(by 10%)and significantly reduced the ratio of potential ~(15)N loss(by 8%-12%).Among all treatments,the 120 kg N ha~(-1) level under IRM achieved the highest ~(15)N recovery efficiency(32%)and ~(15)N residual efficiency(29%),with the lowest ~(15)N loss ratio(39%).After rice harvest,the residual N fertilizer did not achieve a full replenishment of soil N consumption,as the replenishing effect was insufficient(ranging from -31 to -49 kg N ha~(-1)).Furthermore,soil surface N budget showed a surplus(69-146 kg N ha~(-1))under all treatments,and the N surplus was lower under IRM than TRM.These results indicate IRM as a reliable and stable method for high rice yield and high NUE,while exerting a minor risk of N loss.In the hilly area of Southwest China,the optimized N fertilizer application rate under IRM was found to be 100-150 kg N ha~(-1).
A New Species of Aetheogrammatidae (Insecta:Neuroptera) with a Preserved Proboscis from the Lower Cretaceous of NE China

The Aetheogrammatidae is a small family of extinct Neuroptera,which comprises six species in five genera,described from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous of China and Kazakhstan.They are easily distinguishable due to their highly derived venation with apical portion of R1 branched in the manner of Rs.Because of dense crossveins,broad shaped wings and other shared characters Aetheogrammatidae are thought to be closely related to Kalligrammatidae,the diverse group of butterfly-like Neuroptera with a long proboscis,which could have played a role in pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms.However,until now,no information has been available on the mouthpart morphology of Aetheogrammatidae,except for an undescribed specimen from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province,whose photo was published in the fossil catalogue.Herein,for the first time,we describe a new species of Aetheogrammatidae based on a nearly complete specimen with preserved mouthparts.
Saqez–Sardasht Goldfield,North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone,Iran:A Tectono-Metallogenic Synthesis

The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SSZ),as the metamorphic-magmatic core of the Zagros Orogen in southwestern Iran,contains several styles of gold deposit of Phanerozoic age.The northern SSZ includes an ENE-trending goldfield belt.This area that encompasses the main orogenic gold deposits,e.g.,Qolqoleh,Kervian,Qabaqhlujeh,and the Barika VMS goldfield,was chosen for this research to study the spatial and temporal relationships between gold mineralization and orogenic phases.Regarding the rock unit variations,metamorphism,magmatism and the settings of the structures,the study area is divided into four distinct tectonic blocks,separated by three main NW-trending thrust faults (suture lines) including,from NE to SW,the Tamugheh,the Ebrahim Hesar and the Zagros main thrust (ZMT) faults.The area between the Tamugheh and Ebrahim Hesar faults is a tectonized/uplifted basement of accretionary wedge-originated thrust slivers,hosting the above orogenic gold mineralizations.The other area between the here termed Ebrahim Hesar fault and the ZMT is an island-arc basin,proposed here as the Sardasht–Barika zone,including the only recognized massive sulfide gold district all over the SSZ,named Barika.The Barika goldfield was metamorphosed,deformed and enriched due to the islandarc collision to the Arabian continent,before the closure of Neotethys on the eastern flank.
Timing of Anatexis within the Berere HTHP Complex Belt of Maevatanana Area,North-Central Madgascar,and its Geological Significance

The Berere HTHP Complex belt in Maevatanana area of north–central Madagascar formed in the ~ 2.5 Ga orogeny and underwent high temperature (up to 1050ºC) and high pressure (up to 11.5 kbar) granulite facies metamorphism.Then a widespread anatexis took place and numerous widely distributed felsic leucosomes formed.The majority of these leucosomes are parallel to the schistosity of the complex or are present as stockworks,as thin layers,or as lenses at different scales in the host rocks.Here,we report new petrographic data,zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages,and Lu– Hf isotopic data for felsic leucosomes within this complex.Anatexis,as identified by the petrological study of felsic leucosomes in the field and in thin sections,involved initial ternary feldspar exsolving to produce antiperthite and a quartz + plagioclase ± K-feldspar + sericite mineral assemblage around feldspar grain boundaries.Dissolution is apparent along muscovite grain boundaries,and residual sericite is present around the margins of feldspar and quartz,all suggesting that anatexis was driven by reactions involving muscovite.Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the felsic leucosomes within the complex formed at 2467–2369 Ma.The majority of samples have positive ε_(Hf)(t) values,although a few have negative values,suggesting their formation from magmas predominantly sourced from the depleted mantle,possibly with the involvement of minor amounts of crustal materials.Two-stage Hf model ages and ε_(Hf)(t) values for these samples are consistent with those for gneisses of the basement,indicating that the felsic leucosomes were formed by the anatexis of gneisses and both of their protolith formed during the formation of continental crust in Meso-Neoarchean (ca.3.1–2.7 Ga).As such,the crystallization age of the felsic leucosome (~2.4 Ga) represents the timing of regional anatexis and a change to post-orogenic tectonism.And this anatexis is also corresponds to the thermal event in Dharwar craton in India which has a pronounced similar Precambrian geology with Madagascar,providing an important constraints on the correlation of the two continental fragments.
A New Growth Model of Fault Attributes in a Strike-Slip Fault System in the Tarim Basin

Fault attributes generally display a consistent power–law-scaling relationship.Based on new 3D seismic data,however,we found some exceptional fault attribute relationships of lengths (L)–throw (T) (vertical component of displacement),overlap zone length (Lo)–width (Wo) from a strike-slip fault system of the Ordovician carbonates in the Tarim Basin.The L–T relationship shows two linear segments with breakup at ~40 km in fault length.This presents an exceptional throw increase in the second stage,which is attributed to a localization of vertical displacement and deformation in overlapping zones other than the different fault scales in a mature fault zone.The Lo–Wo relationship in the overlapping zones shows multiply stepped-shape patterns,suggesting multiple fault differential growth and periodic increase in fault size.Therefore,we propose a new alternative growth model of fault attributes in strike-slip fault zones,in which the overlapping zones accumulated localized displacement and deformation in the intracratonic strike-slip fault zone.
Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale,Southern Sichuan

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China.Due to a highly complex topographic area,electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area.Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale,however,the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood.The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction,organic geochemistry,scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements.The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity.Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz.The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite,leading to a high polarization effect in shale.We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation.The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies,which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content,high brittleness mineral content,high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”).This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting.Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas,and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.
Harmonic balance-based approach for optimal time delay to control unstable periodic orbits of chaotic systems

As a classical technique for chaos suppression, the time-delayed feedback controlling strategy has been widely developed by stabilizing unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) embedded in chaotic systems. A critical issue for achieving high controlling precision is to search for an appropriate time delay. This paper proposes a simple yet effective approach, based on incremental harmonic balance method, to determine the optimal time delay in the delayed feedback controller. The time delay is adjusted within the iterative scheme provided by the proposed method, and finally converges to the period of the target UPO. As long as the optimal time delay is fixed, moreover, the attained solution makes it quite convenient to analyze its stability according to the Floquet theory, which further provides the effective interval of the feedback gain.