mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Novel methanol-tolerant Ir-S/C chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in DMFC fuel cell

Novel methanol-tolerant oxygen-reduction catalysts,iridium-sulphur(Ir-S)chalcogenides with different Ir/S atomic ratios,were synthesized via a precipitation method using H2IrCl6 and Na2SO3 as the Ir and S precursors.Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were used to characterize the IrxS1-x/C chalcogenide catalysts.Particle size ranging from 2.5 to 2.8 nm though obvious agglomeration was found on carbon support.However,these chalcogenide catalysts showed strong catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and high methanol tolerance,strongly suggesting these novel catalysts as promising candidates for direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)cathode applications.
Magnetization of mixed ferri-ferrimagnets composed of Prussian blue analogs Al_xA2_(1-x)B

The magnetization of ternary metal Prussian blue analogues Al_xA2_(1-x)B,formed by three different sublattices Al,A2 and B,is studied by using the effective-field theory with self-spin correlations.Effects of the mole fraction x,the anisotropy and the transverse magnetic field on the magnetization are discussed.
Engineering the light propagating features through the two-dimensional coupled-cavity photonic crystal waveguides

This paper studies the propagating characteristics of the electromagnetic waves through the coupled-resonator optical waveguides based on the two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystals by the finite-difference time-domain method.When the traditional circular rods adjacent to the centre of the cavities are replaced by the oval rods,the simulated results show that the waveguide mode region can be adjusted only by the alteration of the oval rods' obliquity.When the obliquity of the oval rods around one cavity is different from the obliquity of that around the adjacent cavities,the group velocities of the waveguide modes can be greatly reduced and the information of different frequencies can be shared and chosen at the same time by the waveguide branches with different structures.If the obliquities of the oval rods around two adjacent cavities are equal and they alternate between two values,the group velocities can be further reduced and a maximum value of 0.0008c (c is the light velocity in vacuum)can be acquired.
Solvent-vapour treatment induced performance enhancement of amplified spontaneous emission based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-l,4-phenylene vinylene]

In this work,performance enhancements of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)from poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV)have been achieved via solvent vapour treatment.Correlations between the morphology of the film and the optical performance of polymer-based ASE are investigated.The active layers are characterised by atomic force microscopy and optical absorption.The results show that the solvent-vapour treatment can induce the MEH-PPV self-organisation into an ordered structure with a smooth surface,leading to enhanced optical gain.Thus the solvent-vapour treatment is a good method for improving the optical properties of the MEH-PPV.
Observation of chaotic ELMs in HL-2A tokamak

The high confinement mode (H-mode)operation is recently obtained in HL-2A divertor configuration,the corresponding edge localized mode (ELM)is recognized as being of type III.Time intervals in ELM time series are analysed to obtain the information about the ELM process.Signatures of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs)are detected,which are indicators of chaos and may be used to control the big ELM events.
Theoretical calculations of thermophysical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube bundles

Carbon nanotube bundles are promising thermal interfacial materials due to their excellent thermal and mechanical characteristics.In this study,the phonon dispersion relations and density of states of the single-wall carbon nanotube bundles are calculated by using the force constant model.The calculation results show that the inter-tube interaction leads to a significant frequency raise of the low frequency modes.To verify the applied calculation method,the specific heat of a single single-wall carbon nanotube is calculated first based on the obtained phonon dispersion relations and the results coincide well with the experimental data.Moreover,the specific heat of the bundles is calculated and exhibits a slight reduction at low temperatures in comparison with that of the single tube.The thermal conductivity of the bundles at low temperatures is calculated by using the ballistic transport model.The calculation results indicate that the inter-tube interaction,i.e.van der Waals interaction,hinders heat transfer andl cannot be neglected at extremely low temperatures.For (5,5)bundles,the relative difference of the thermal conductivity caused by ignoring inter-tube effect reaches the maximum value of 26% around 17 K,which indicates the significant inter-tube interaction effect on the thermal conductivity at low temperatures.
Photon tunneling and transmittance resonance through a multi-layer structure with a left-handed material

This paper investigates the photon tunneling and transmittance resonance throu h a multi-layer structure including a left-handed material(LHM).An analytical expression for the transmittance in a five-layer structure is given by the analytical transfer matrix method.The transmittance is studied as a function of the refractive index and the width of the LHM layer.The perfect photon tunneling results from the multi-layer structure,especially from the relation between the magnitude of the refractive index and the width of the LHM layer and those of the adjoining layers.Photons may tunnel through a much greater distance in this structure.Transmittance resonance happens,the peaks and valleys appear periodically at the resonance thickness.For an LHM with inherent losses,the perfect transmittance is suppressed.
Smith-Purcell free electron laser based on the semi-elliptical resonator

A novel Smith-Purcell (S-P)free electron laser composed of an electron gun,a semi-elliptical resonator,a metallic reflecting grating and a collector,is presented for the first time.This paper studies the characteristics of this device by theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulation method.Results indicate that tunable coherent S-P radiation with a high output peak power at millimeter wavelengths can be generated by adjusting the length of the grating period,or adjusting the voltage of the electron beam.The present scheme has the following advantages:the semi-elliptical resonator can reflect all radiation with the emission angle 0 and random azimuthal angles,back onto the electron beam with same-phase and causes the electrons to be modulated,so the output power and efficiency are improved.
Analysis of 19-nortestosterone residue in animal tissues by ion-trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid sample treatment procedure for the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS)determination of 19-nortestosterone(19-NT)in animal tissues has been developed.In our optimized procedures,enzymatic hydrolysis withβ-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli was performed in an acetate buffer(pH 5.2,0.2 mol/L).Next,the homogenate was mixed with methanol and heated at 60°C for 15 min,then placed in an ice-bath at-18°C for 2 h.After liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane,the analytes were subjected to a normal-phase solid phase extraction(SPE)C18 cartridge for clean-up.The dried organic extracts were derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA),and then the products were injected into GC-MS.Using electron impact mass spectrometry(EI-MS)with positive chemical ionization(PCI),four diagnostic ions(m/z 666,453,318,and 306)were determined.A standard calibration curve over the concentration range of 1-20 ng/g was reached,with Y=467084X-68354(R~2 =0.9997)for 19-NT,and the detection limit was 0.3 ng.When applied to spiked samples collected from bovine and ovine,the recoveries ranged from 63%to 101%with relative standard deviation(RSD)between 2.7%and 8.9%.The procedure is a highly efficient,sensitive,and more economical method which offers considerable potential to resolve cases of suspected nandrolone doping in husbandry animals.
Effect of mating status on the fecundity of a cricket,Teleogryllus emma

Fecundity in some insects is affected by mating status.The effect of mating status on the fecundity and total egg production of Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsumura)(Orthoptera:Gryllidae)was examined in this study.The results showed that the pre-oviposition period was shorter for amphigonic females than that for virgin females.However,no significant difference in pre-oviposition was found between amphigonic females and those that had mated with a male with either the phallodeum or testes extirpated.There is no difference in adult longevity between the above four groups.The fecundity and total egg production were much higher in amphigonic females than in those controlled under the three non-amphigonic treatments.The females of T.emma that mated with the testes-extirpated males produced more eggs (up to two-fold more)than both the virgin females and those that mated with the phallodeum-extirpated males,but there was no difference between them.The fecundity-enhancing substances transferred from male to female can stimulate the female to produce more eggs,but this stimulation has to occur in collaboration with sperm.
Value of T-tube in biliary tract reconstruction during orthotopic liver transplantation:a meta-analysis

Objective:To compare biliary complications after biliary tract reconstruction with or without T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:Randomized control trials(RCTs)and comparative studies were identified by a computerized literature search of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE(1966/1-2010/4),Scopus(1980/1-2010/4),ClinicalTrials.gov(2010/4),the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Studies and data were extracted and assessed independently.Dichotomous outcomes were reported as odds ratios(ORs)and weighted mean difference with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Five RCTs and eight comparative studies with a total of 1608 subjects were identified.The data showed that the operation with T-tube had better outcomes for duct stenosis(P=0.01,OR=0.45,95%CI 0.24-0.85).The operations with or without T-tube had equivalent outcomes as follows:overall biliary complications(P=0.85,OR=1.15,95%CI 0.28-4.72),bile leaks(P=0.38,OR=0.75,95%CI 0.39-1.42),and cholangitis(P=0.24,OR=4.64,95%CI 0.36-60.62).These results were strengthened by the analysis of all thirteen non-randomized and randomized studies.Conclusions:Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the insertion of a T-tube reduces the incidence of biliary stenosis without increasing the incidence of other biliary complications.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Feature Selection

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)is a popular and bionic algorithm based on the social behavior associated with bird flocking for optimization problems.To maintain the diversity of swarms,a few studies of multi-swarm strategy have been reported.However,the competition among swarms,reservation or destruction of a swarm,has not been considered further.In this paper,we formulate four rules by introducing the mechanism for survival of the fittest,which simulates the competition among the swarms.Based on the mechanism,we design a modified Multi-Swarm PSO (MSPSO)to solve discrete problems,which consists of a number of sub-swarms and a multi-swarm scheduler that can monitor and control each sub-swarm using the rules.To further settle the feature selection problems,we propose an Improved Feature Selection (IFS)method by integrating MSPSO,Support Vector Machines (SVM)with F-score method.The IFS method aims to achieve higher generalization capability through performing kernel parameter optimization and feature selection simultaneously.The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the standard PSO based,Genetic Algorithm (GA)based and the grid search based methods on 10 benchmark datasets,taken from UCI machine learning and StatLog databases.The numerical results and statistical analysis show that the proposed IFS method performs significantly better than the other three methods in terms of prediction accuracy with smaller subset of features.
Spectroscopic ellipsometric properties and resistance switching behavior in Si_x(ZrO_2)_(100-x)films

We prepare Si_x(ZrO_2)_(100-x)composite films using the co-sputtering method.The chemical structures of the films which are prepared under different conditions are analyzed with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.Thermal treatment influences on optical property and resistance switching characteristics of these composite films are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and semiconductor parameter analyzer,respectively.With the proper Si-doped Si_X(ZrO_2)_(100-x)interlayer,the Al/ Si_x(ZrO_2)_(100-x)/Al device cell samples present very reliable and reproducible switching behaviors.It provides a feasible solution for easy multilevel storage and better fault tolerance in nonvolatile memory application.
Parallel sub-neural network system for hand vein pattern recognition

A hand vein authentication system in which the identity of an individual can be readily confirmed upon gripping a handle is proposed.This recognition method incorporates infrared light-emitting diode (LED)onto a door handle and sets a charge-coupled device (CCD)camera on the other side of the hand.It builds on fuzzy c-means clustering and parallel neural networks (NNs); moreover,it is expected to solve the pattern recognition problem in large-scale databases using NNs due to its self-learning and parallel processing capabilities and by effectively incorporating training patterns.The experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
PAd-shRNA-PTN reduces pleiotrophin of pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits neurite outgrowth of DRG

AIM:To investigate the silencing effects of pAdshRNA-pleiotrophin (PTN)on PTN in pancreatic cancer cells,and to observe the inhibition of pAd-shRNA-PTN on neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG)neurons in vitro.METHODS:PAd-shRNA-PTN was used to infect pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells; assays were conducted for knockdown of the PTN gene on the 0th,1st,3rd,5th,7th and 9th d after infection using immunocytochemistry,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and Western blotting analysis.The morphologic changes of cultured DRG neurons were observed by mono-culture of DRG neurons and co-culture with BXPC-3 cells in vitro.RESULTS:The real-time quantitative PCR showed that the inhibition rates of PTN mRNA expression in the BxPC-3 cells were 20%,80%,50% and 25% on the 1st,3rd,5th and 7th d after infection.Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting analysis also revealed the same tendency.In contrast to the control,the DRG neurons co-cultured with the infected BxPC-3 cells shrunk; the number and length of neurites were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:Efficient and specific knockdown of PTN in pancreatic cancer cells and the reduction in PTN expression resulted in the inhibition of neurite outgrowth from DRG neurons.
Mallory-Denk Bodies in chronic hepatitis

Mallory-Denk Bodies(MDB)are important as investigators,suggesting MDB as an indicator of the histologic severity of chronic hepatitis,causes of which include hepatitis C,primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Matteoni et al scored MDB in patients with NAFLD as none,rare and many,and reported that MDB plays a prominent role in this classification scheme in an earlier classification system.In this study,we evaluated 258 patients with chronic hepatitis due to metabolic,autoimmune and viral etiologies.Liver biopsy samples were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid-Schiff-diastase,Gordon and Sweet’s reticulin,Masson’s trichrome,and iron stains.Both staging and grading were performed.Additionally,MDB were evaluated and discussed for each disease.We examined patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH;50 patients),alcoholic hepatitis(10 patients),PBC(50 patients),Wilson disease(WD;20 patients),hepatitis B(50 patients),hepatitis C(50 patients)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC;30 patients).Frequency of MDB was as follows;NASH:10 patients with mild in 60%and moderate in 40%and observed in every stage of the disease and frequently seen in zone 3.PBC:11 patients with mild in 10%,moderate in 70%,and cirrhosis in 20%,and frequently seen in zone 1.WD:16 patients with moderate and severe in 60% and cirrhosis in 40%and frequently seen in zone 1.Hep B:3 patients with mild in 66%and severe in 34%.Hep C:7 patients with mild in 40%and moderate in 60% and observed in every stage.HCC:3 patients with hep B in 2 patients.We found that there is no relationship between MDB and any form of chronic hepatitis regarding histologic severity such as alcoholic steatohepatitis and NAFLD and variable zone distribution by etiology.
松龄血脉康对高血压患者脉搏波传导速度及血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨松龄血脉康对高血压患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)及血管内皮功能的影响。方法 58例高血压患者分为常规治疗组(n=30)和常规治疗+松龄血脉康治疗组(n=28)。常规组口服缬沙坦降压,松龄血脉康在常规组治疗的基础上加服松龄血脉康胶囊,疗程均为8周。分别于治疗前后检测baPWV,同时检测血浆中内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)。结果常规组、松龄血脉康组治疗后,baPWV明显下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者经治疗后ET均明显下降、NO均明显上升;松龄血脉康组下降更为显著,下降幅度与常规治疗组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论松龄血脉康可改善高血压患者血管内皮功能,降低血管僵硬度,从而改善动脉弹性。
丹参多酚酸盐对急性心肌梗死溶栓再通患者血清h-FABP、IMA水平的影响

急性心肌梗死(AMI)可导致部分心肌发生缺血性坏死，其发病迅速，死亡率高，早期溶栓可以挽救濒死的心肌细胞，缩小梗死面积，改善心功能是重要治疗手段。但溶栓再通后，存在心肌再灌注损伤。本研究旨在观察丹参多酚酸盐对AMI溶栓再通后，血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(h-FABP)、缺血性修饰白蛋白(IMA)水平的影响，探讨其在心肌梗死溶栓再通后的心肌保护作用。
充血性心力衰竭患者血清甲状腺激素变化特点和左甲状腺素片干预的意义

目的探讨在常规抗心衰治疗的基础上加用小剂量左甲状腺素片治疗难治性心力衰竭(RHF)患者的临床疗效。方法RHF患者 194例随机分为对照组(常规抗心衰治疗组)和治疗组(常规抗心衰治疗的基础上加用口服左甲状腺素片)，左甲状腺素片口服剂量为6．25- 12．5μg／d。治疗2 w后，比较两组治疗前后心脏超声心动图测量的左室射血分数(LVEF)以及心功能NYHA分级的变化。结果 对照组患者治疗期间2例死于严重心律失常，其余92例患者治疗前后血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)，游离甲状腺素(FT4)，促甲状腺素(TSH)的浓度、LVEF值均未见明显改善(P>0．05)。治疗组患者治疗期间无发生死亡或严重心律失常，血清F13，FT4，TSH的浓度、LVEF值均明显改善(P<0．01)，治疗期间无发生甲状腺功能亢进。结论RHF患者在常规抗心衰治疗的基础上加用甲状腺素治疗，可显著提高疗效。
脑缺血和阿尔茨海默病

<正>阿尔茨海默病(AD)是导致老年人发病和死亡的重要原因。大量的研究表明,血管性的危险因素是中老年意识下降的重要原因,且患过急性脑卒中的病例中继发AD的概率极高。很多危险因素对于AD和缺血性脑卒中是交叉的,常见的有高龄、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟、心肌梗死、房颤、ApoE4等位基因等。临床病例研究也显示超过1/3的AD
过敏性休克死者类胰蛋白酶和嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子的免疫组化染色观察

目的观察过敏性休克死者各器官组织中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶(MCT)和嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子变化,探讨过敏性休克死亡法医鉴定的形态学依据。方法机械性损伤死者8例(对照组),明确诊断为过敏性休克死亡者27例的尸体,取其肺、心、肝、脾、肾、小肠和咽喉组织,石蜡切片,HE染色及免疫组化染色和甲苯胺蓝染色。结果过敏性休克组肺、小肠、肾MCT增多,肺、小肠肥大细胞增多(P<0.01),小肠嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子增多(P<0.01)。结论过敏性休克死亡的尸体,其肺、小肠、肾MCT增多,肺、小肠肥大细胞增多,小肠嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子增多。
基于DcR3的树突细胞疫苗对CD8~+ T细胞的免疫抑制效应

目的研究诱骗受体3(decoy receptor3,DcR3)修饰的树突细胞(DC)疫苗对CD8+T细胞的免疫抑制效应。方法将含有DcR3全长cDNA的重组腺病毒转染小鼠DC,制备DcR3基因修饰的DC疫苗,并与同种异体的CD8+T细胞共培养,分析CD8+T细胞的增殖和细胞因子分泌情况。结果重组DcR3腺病毒能成功转染DC,并能抑制同种异体的CD8+T细胞的增殖和细胞因子的分泌。结论重组DcR3腺病毒转染的DC对CD8+T细胞具有免疫抑制效应,为自身免疫性疾病的治疗提供了理论基础。
磁共振扫描评价米诺环素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用

目的探讨米诺环素对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后的脑保护作用。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组,预处理组,30 m in组,4 h组,每组6只。采用线栓法制作大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型。用DW I,T2W I,T1W I增强扫描评估各组大鼠脑缺血体积,细胞毒性水肿,血管性水肿和血脑屏障破坏情况。结果预处理组及30 m in组能明显缩小脑梗死体积,减轻细胞毒性水肿,血管源性水肿及血脑屏障破坏程度,4 h组亦能减小脑梗死的体积,减轻血管源性脑水肿及血脑屏障破坏程度,但对细胞毒性水肿效果不明显。结论米诺环素能减轻局灶性脑缺血损伤后细胞毒性、血管源性脑水肿及血脑屏障破坏程度,缩小脑梗死体积,起到神经保护作用。
误吸干预整体护理在防治老年吸入性肺炎中的意义

目的探讨误吸干预整体护理在防治老年吸入性肺炎中的意义。方法选择有高危误吸因素并伴呼吸道感染的老年患者112例,随机分为干预组74例,对照组38例。干预组在常规治疗护理的基础上,进行误吸干预整体护理(包括护理评估和诊断、宣教、口腔护理、呼吸道护理、早期给予管饲、吞咽障碍功能康复指导、咳嗽训练等),对照组进行常规治疗护理。结果通过综合护理程序干预,干预组反复呼吸道感染人次、平均病程、平均住院时间和死亡率均明显低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论优化的误吸干预整体护理降低了老年吸入性肺炎的发生率,有辅助治疗的效果。
血浆脑钠肽结合组织多普勒超声对老年左室肥厚患者的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)结合组织多普勒超声对老年高血压性肥厚型心肌病(HHCME)、肥厚型心肌病(HCM)和高血压性心脏病(或高血压性左室肥厚,H-LVH)鉴别诊断的价值。方法分析比较年龄均>60岁的HHCME(29例)、HCM(25例)、H-LVH(34例)患者的一般临床特征、心电图、超声心动图及血浆BNP的差异。其中心脏超声指标有左房内径(LAd),室间隔厚度(IVST),左室后壁厚度(LVPWT),左室舒张末内径(LVEDd),左室射血分数(LVEF),主动脉瓣钙化,收缩期二尖瓣前叶向前运动(SAM)现象,E峰/A峰,E峰/E’峰。结果三组患者年龄、性别组成、心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);HHCME组高血压病史较HCM组长(P<0.05),但二者血压水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);H-LVH组的房性心律失常及室性心律失常明显少于另两组(P<0.05)。HHCME组中LVEF、E/A<1的例数、E/E’、BNP大于HCM组、H-LVH组(P<0.05),其中E/E’与BNP有较好的相关性(r=0.62,P<0.05)。HCM组中LAd、IVST、SAM例数大于HHCME组、H-LVH组(P<0.05)。H-LVH组中LVEDd、主动脉瓣钙化例数大于HHCME组、HCM组(P<0.05),其中IVST与LVPWT有较好的相关性(r=0.77,P<0.05)。结论血浆BNP结合组织多普勒对老年左室肥厚患者的鉴别具有重要的价值,HHCME组舒张功能明显减退,老年HCM组也有舒张功能不全,而老年H-LVH组舒张功能尚可,其中HHCME组的血浆BNP明显升高,可能是诊断HHCME的独立标志物。
甲状腺手术颈丛阻滞辅以瑞芬太尼的麻醉效果

甲状腺手术除病变组织对气管及周围组织有明显影响及不合作者外，均可在颈丛神经阻滞下完成。但是，颈丛阻滞尚存在阻滞不全、深部操作时有疼痛不适、心血管系统易发生变化，需要辅用镇静、镇痛药。本研究观察瑞芬太尼用于甲状腺手术颈丛阻滞的麻醉效果，报道如下。
纤维支气管镜检查镇静药物的选择

纤维支气管镜检查在临床中的应用日益普遍，2004年，在美国大约实施了152，830例支气管镜检查操作。由于恐惧、焦虑、疼痛、口咽部激惹、咳嗽、呼吸困难和胸部不适等原因，几乎所有患者均愿意在一定程度的镇静下进行支气管镜检查。适度镇静可使患者感觉更为舒适并愿意接受后续操 作，使检查不会被迫中断，因而有利于顺利获得诊断结果。
帕金森病患者行全髋关节置换术后意识障碍一例

左旋多巴的半衰期一般为1～3h，长时间手术即使在麻醉前给予了一个治疗剂量，如果术中未按时补充左旋多巴，使血药浓度不稳定而出现上述症状。加之术中失血及补液输血可能会使血药浓度稀释。有建议术中给予加倍剂量的左旋多巴保持血药浓度。阻滞麻醉可能优于全麻，而且术后恶心呕吐发生率低，可很快恢复口服用药。如果必须用全麻，应注意合理选用麻醉药物。患者术后意识障碍可能与恩丹西酮和舒芬太尼有关。前者选择性的5-HT3受体拮抗药，使5-羟色胺(5-HT)神经元对外源性左旋多巴脱羧成多巴胺的作用受抑制；而苏芬太尼则可抑制多巴胺释放。因此，PD患者应避免使用这类药物。
先天性锁骨下动静脉瘘超声表现及封堵治疗1例

讨论先天性动静脉瘘多见于脑、肝和肺，往往比较弥散。起源于锁骨下动脉者非常少见[1-5]。本病例为经彩色多普勒超声诊断的发生于左锁骨下动静脉之间、单一瘘口的动静脉瘘。
超声诊断双孔二尖瓣合并二叶主动脉瓣1例

双孔二尖瓣是一种罕见的先天性畸形,与胚胎期二尖瓣瓣膜组织吸收不良有关,分为三型:①完全型:即房室瓣倍增,有两个瓣环和两组瓣膜,每组有独立的瓣下支撑结构,分别由腱索连于相应乳头肌上;②不完全型:纤维组织桥叶横跨二尖瓣口,在瓣缘前后瓣叶之间可见一连接,见双孔样结构,此类型腱索、乳头肌通常无异常;③孔洞型:在正常瓣膜联合处形成一附加孔,常合并瓣叶裂、副乳头肌、融合乳头肌、交叉腱索等异常。本例属于完全型。双孔二尖瓣可无血流动力学改变,也可合并狭窄或关闭不全如本例。双孔二尖瓣常合并其他先天性畸形,较常见的为房室间隔缺损,还可合并主动脉缩窄、动脉导管未闭,三尖瓣畸形,主动脉弓离断。本例合并二叶主动脉瓣,极少见。超声能提供直接形态学及血流动力学改变证据。值得注意的是,在扫查过程中当发现有瓣膜畸形时,要确定是否并存其他瓣膜畸形、房室间隔缺损及其他异常,以防漏诊。
Influence of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Absorption and Balance of Essential Elements of Pinus tabulaeformis Seedlings in Saline Soil

Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were grown under a factorial design to measure biomass accumulation and P,Na and K concentrations of plants,with 3 different ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF)strains (Boletus edulis,Xerocomus chrysenteron and Gomphidius viscidus)and two P treatments (with or without extra P).Growth and mineral nutrition of pine seedlings were stimulated by three EMF under salinity stress.Na concentrations were changed and plant K and P concentrations were increased significantly by EMF.Adding extra P made no difference in accumulation of seedlings biomass,and did not assist element absorption of plants.Although three strains of EMF can all enhance the tolerance of pine seedlings to salinity stress,they may utilize different mechanisms because of different performance in absorption of elements.The increased P and K accumulation and the balance of ion concentrations might be due to the enhanced tolerance of EMF-inoculated plants to saline conditions.