mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
数据中心10kV供电自动投切控制系统

随着信息技术的迅速发展和互联网+时代的到来,社会各界对信息系统的应用越来越广泛,信息和数据量呈几何级增长,由此对数据中心的需求日益增加。因为大型数据中心在这些行业中承载着企业的核心业务,其供电系统的规模越来越大,结构也越来越复杂,性能要求越来越高,自动投切控制系统的起到了举足轻重的作用。控制系统针对数据中心供电系统满足Uptime Tier4标准下进行研究,采用PLC冗余配置的方法搭建系统,同时搭配触摸屏,实现本地的在线可视化监控。可以保证数据中心供电系统满足容错要求和实现安全可靠的不间断供电功能。
Case report: A 10 years follow-up of periprosthetic femoral fracture after total hip arthroplasty in osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis is an inherited disorder characterized by increased bone density and brittle bone quality. Degenerative changes often occur after the age of 40 in patients with osteopetrosis. Operative intervention is the primary treatment option if the clinical manifestation of secondary osteoarthritis is severe. A 44-year-old male suffering autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and progressive unilateral hip osteoarthritis required a total hip arthroplasty. However, there were several technical challenges associated with this procedure including creating a femoral medullary canal and developing a Vancouver type B2 periprosthetic femoral fracture postoperatively. To afford some experience for the management of similar cases, we here present our technical solutions to these problems.
Widely linear UKF constant modulus algorithm for blind adaptive beamforming

Based on a uniform linear array, a new widely linear unscented Kalman filter-based constant modulus algorithm (WLUKF-CMA) for blind adaptive beamforming is proposed. The new algorithm is designed according to the constant modulus criterion and takes full advantage of the noncircular property of the signal of interest (SOI), significantly increasing the output signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), enhancing the convergence speed and decreasing the steady-state misadjustment. Since it requires no known training data, the proposed algorithm saves a large amount of the available spectrum. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate its superiority over the conventional linear least mean square-based CMA (LLMS-CMA), the conventional linear recursive least square-based CMA (L-RLS-CMA), WL-LMS-CMA, WL-RLS-CMA and L-UKFCMA.
原发性进行性失语症1例报告

原发性进行性失语症(primary progressive aphsia, PPA), 属额颞叶变性(frontotem poral lobe degeneration, FTLD)的一种类型,又称语言变异性FTLD。PPA的临床诊断必须具备早期出现显著的语言障碍,突出表现为语言清晰度、语言生成、命名、语法和词语理解障碍,起病隐匿并进行性加重。随着病情进展逐渐累及其他领域的认知功能。 PPA作为特殊类型的认知功能障碍,为罕见疾病,起病隐匿,早期仅仅表现为轻度语言障碍,极易被临床医生忽视,延误治疗。国内报道的PPA仅10余例(去除重复报道病例)。本文报告1例原发性进行性失语症,并复习相关文献,对其临床症状及诊疗进行深入探讨,以期提高临床医生对该类疾病的认识,早期诊断并改善其临床转归。
股前外侧穿支分叶皮瓣修复肢体复杂创面的疗效

烧、创伤所致的肢体软组织缺损合并骨、肌腱、神经等深部组织外露,应用皮瓣是其主要修复方式。对于肢体邻近创面、不规则宽大创面这类复杂创面,I期如何合理有效地修复对于修复重建外科医师具有一定的挑战性。若直接根据创面特点切取皮瓣势必造成供区难以I期直接缝合,从而造成第二供区的损伤,同时供区若植皮会导致一系列的并发症;若两个供区组合皮瓣移植需吻合两组血管,在增加创面修复程序的同时,额外增加了手术难度、风险及患者的痛苦。股前外侧穿支分叶皮瓣根据旋股外侧动脉降支沿途发出的多个穿支进行分叶并共用一个血管蒂,通过灵活的组合排列修复复杂创面,只牺牲一个供区且供区可I期直接缝合,减少了供区并发症的发生,是修复重建外科较为理想的一种方法。笔者采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2013年9月- 2016年10月应用股前外侧穿支分叶皮瓣修复21例肢体复杂创面患者的临床资料,为临床修复这类复杂缺损创面提供经验。
电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定哈氏合金中Cr、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni的含量

哈氏合金(Hastelloy alloy)由Ni、Cr、Mo、Fe等元素组成,属于高等镍基合金,镍为面心立方结构,晶体学上的稳定性使得它能够比铁基合金容纳更多的合金元素。哈氏合金作为高级镍基合金,在湿氧、亚硫酸、强氧化盐介质中都有优异的抗腐蚀性能,同时具有优良的强度、塑性、韧性、冶金稳定性、可加工性及可焊接性,已广泛应用于航空航天、核电及船舶等领域。
脑深部电刺激术后电极周围水肿的临床观察

脑深部电刺激术(deep brain stimulation,DBS)因其微创、可调节和可逆性已成为治疗中枢性运动障碍性疾病的有效手段。出血、感染、皮肤破溃及程控相关的不良反应已有较多的文献报道。而对DBS术后发生电极周围水肿(peri-electrode edema,PEE)的相关文献较少。目前,对于DBS术后PEE的描述和认识尚不一致,引发的可能原因和机制也不清楚。2008年5月至2015年5月新疆军区总医院神经外科共对90例患者行DBS,本研究对术后影像学显示PEE的情况进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。
以急性肺水肿为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤一例

嗜铬细胞瘤起源于肾上腺髓质、交感神经节或其他部位的嗜铬组织,能持续或间断地释放大量儿茶酚胺,引起持续性或阵发性高血压和多个器官功能及代谢紊乱。嗜铬细胞瘤患者合并急性儿茶酚胺心肌病的发生率约为11%,也是嗜铬细胞瘤患者死亡的原因之一。本院成功抢救1例以急性肺水肿为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤患者,经手术治疗并随访5年预后良好,现报道如下。
Active Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions with Neural Network Technology

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is unintended injuries caused by the drug at normal doses during normal use. ADR monitoring is a long-term work of medical institutions. Medical institutions at all levels have their corresponding requirements of reporting ADRs. On December 12,2010, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the "Administration of adverse drug reaction report and monitoring". The aims were to enhance drug postmarketing surveillance, standardize ADR monitoring and reporting, and control drug risks in a timely and effective manner to ensure the safety of patients. It was suggested that local pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments should establish an ADR monitoring institution responsible for timely ADR reporting and monitoring within their respective administrative areas. Currently, there are three main methods used to monitor ADRs namely regular review, patient follow-up, and spontaneous reporting which is widely used in local hospitals. However, due to the lack of incentives for local medical staff in reporting ADRs and shortage of personnel in pharmacy departments monitoring ADRs, the most critical step in the reporting and monitoring system does not work effectively. Thus, problems have emerged that ADR monitoring is not timely, accurate and comprehensive, which posts a direct threat to people's health.
Stabilities of Flexible Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Polypyrrole/Carbon Fibers in Different Gel Electrolytes

Flexible electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are vitally important as the emerging flexible electronics. We have prepared polypyrrole doped with counter ion of Cl~- on carbon fibers (PPy-Cl/CFs) via the simple electrochemical deposition method. The flexible ECs based on PPy-Cl/CFs electrodes have been assembled by using H_3PO_4/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), H_2SO_4/PVA, LiCIO_4/PVA, KC1/PVA and LiCl/PVA as gel electrolytes. The capacitive properties of ECs have been systematically evaluated with electrochemical methods. The results show that the cells with H_3PO_4/PVA electrolyte exhibit good cyclic stability (91.5% retention after 15000 cycles) although PPy-Cl/CFs has moderate specific capacitance in H_3PO_4/PVA (41.6 mF·cm~(-1) or 52.0 F·cm~(-3)). However, the ECs in other electrolytes have poor cyclic stability. Further electrochemical analysis reveals that the doping/dedoping processes of PPy-Cl/CFs are different in the five electrolytes, and X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrate that the ratios of counter anions in PPy's oxidized states to those in reduced states are obviously different when PPy-Cl/CFs are kept in reduced or oxidized states in the five electrolytes. The results also illustrate why the capacitors using H_3PO_4/PVA as electrolyte exhibit good cyclic stability. Furthermore, a light emitting diode (LED) with a threshold voltage of 2.5 V can be lighted by three ECs connected in series.
胰肾联合移植受者术后横纹肌溶解症一例

横纹肌溶解症是一种较少见的临床急症,是骨骼肌的急速损伤导致细胞膜破坏,随后肌红蛋白渗漏,受累肌肉出现疼痛、压痛、收缩力下降及肿胀,尿液可呈深棕色。病情轻微者数日内痊愈,严重者可能导致急性肾功能衰竭和死亡。器官移植后横纹肌溶解症极为少见,2000—2016年间全球仅有10余例报道。2016年6月我院及时诊治了1例胰肾联合移植受者在术后第13年发生横纹肌溶解症,现报告如下。
多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血髓源抑制性细胞的初步研究

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma, MM)是一种克隆性浆细胞异常增殖的最常见血液系统恶性肿瘤,年发病率约为4.3/10 000。其临床症状主要表现为贫血、骨质破坏、肾损伤和高钙血症等,尤其好发于中老年人群。髓源抑制性细胞(myeloid derived suppressor cells,MDSC)是一群髓系来源的具有免疫抑制功能的异质性细胞群体,根据分化来源不同可分为粒细胞系MDSC(PMN-MDSC)和单核细胞系MDSC (M-MDSC),其表面标记分别为CDllb~+CD33~+CD14~-CD15~+和CDllb~+CD33~+CD14~-CD15~-。近年来研究发现多种实体瘤患者外周血MDSC表达明显上调,但其在MM中的表现尚不清楚。本研究我们采用流式细胞术检测32例MM患者和20名健康人外周血PMN-MDSC和M-MDSC表达,并用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测MDSC相关细胞因子精氨酸酶1 (ARG1)、诱发型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因mRNA表达水平,同时检测MM患者外周血滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)、调节性T细胞(Treg)、辅助性T细胞(Th)、细胞毒性T细胞(Tc)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)及B淋巴细胞的比例。
我如何治疗年轻的多发性骨髓瘤患者

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)治疗的历程可分成三个阶段:传统化疗、造血干细胞移植、新药或新药序贯移植时代。传统化疗的完全缓解(CR)率小于10%,中位总体生存(OS)期仅为33个月左右。自体造血干细胞移植(autologous stem cell transp1antation,ASCT)技术的应用将MM患者的CR率提高到20%~40%,中位OS期延长至48个月。新药如免疫调节剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂等的应用使MM的疗效得到进一步的提高。新药的出现曾经使ASCT的地位一度受到质疑,但研究证实即使在新药年代ASCT在年轻MM患者中的地位仍旧不能被取代。因此,新药诱导序贯ASCT已经成为治疗年轻的MM患者公认的一线选择,美国梅奥医学中心的结果显示新药诱导序贯ASCT可使患者中位OS期延长至88个月⑴。但MM是一种异质性很大的疾病,一种治疗方法或策略不可能解决所有类型MM患者的问题,因此,理想的治疗方法应该是针对MM进行分层治疗。本中心自2006年即开始采用含硼替佐米的方案诱导序贯ASCT治疗年轻的MM患者。我们发现,大部分患者采用该治疗策略后预计中位OS期可长达10年以上,而有三分之一的患者在移植后2年内仍很快复发,我们将这些患者定义为超高危MM患者。临床上还观察到有一小部分患者疾病进展迅速,甚至没有机会进行移植而很快死亡。同期也发现有一些患者,虽然没有进行含新药的治疗方案和ASCT治疗,却能生存长达10年之久。这也进一步说明MM患者应该根据危险因素进行分层治疗,从而达到精准治疗和最大限度延长患者生存期的目的。本文介绍几例典型患者的诊疗过程,就如何对年轻的MM患者进行分层治疗谈谈笔者的认识和经验。
PSCA, Cox-2, and Ki-67 are independent, predictive markers of biochemical recurrence in clinically localized prostate cancer: a retrospective study

Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer, with half of all patients going on to develop metastases. To better identify patients at high risk for prostate cancer progression and reduce prostate cancer-related mortality, improved prognostic factors are required. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the prognostic values of multiple tissue biomarkers in hormone-naive prostatectomy specimens of prostate cancer. Using 510 prostatectomy specimens collected between 2002 and 2012, IHC analysis was performed for Cerb-2, Cyclin D1, VEGF, EGFR, Rb, PSCA, p53, Bcl-2, Cox-2, PMS2, and Ki-67 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the predictive risk factors for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer. During a median 44-month follow-up, 128 (25.1%) patients developed BCR. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that Ki-67 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.60, P= 0.033), PSCA (HR: 0.42, P< 0.001), and Cox-2 (HR: 2.05, P= 0.003) were the only significant prognostic tissue markers of BCR. Resection margin status (HR: 1.67, P= 0.010), pathologic pT0/1/2 stage (vs pT3/4; HR: 0.20, P= 0.002), preoperative PSA levels (HR: 1.03, P< 0.001), biopsied (HR: 1.30, P= 0.022) and pathologic (HR: 1.42, P= 0.005) Gleason scores, and prostate size (HR: 0.97, P= 0.003) were significant clinicopathologic factors. The expression of Ki-67, PSCA, and Cox-2 biomarkers along with other clinicopathologic factors were prognostic factors for BCR in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy.
循环肿瘤细胞在非小细胞肺癌个体化诊疗中应用的研究进展

非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,确诊时大多数NSCLC患者已到疾病晚期,导致患者5年生存率低。随着肿瘤个体化治疗的进展,早期诊断以及对患者病情实时监测尤为重要。循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cell,CTC)作为肿瘤血源性转移的生物学标志物之一,是"液体活检"的重要指标,可用于肿瘤患者实时动态监测。检测CTC有助于早期发现NSCLC微转移、重新确定临床分期、实时监测抗肿瘤治疗疗效、评估预后、制定个体化的治疗策略,不仅如此,对其进一步分子鉴定有助于阐明肿瘤的生物学进程及转移机制。然而,由于检测标准不统一、检测阳性率低等多种因素,现阶段CTC仍较难应用到临床工作中。本文对CTC的发展历程及其在NSCLC诊断、治疗及预后等方面的研究新近进展作一综述。
长链非编码RNA在结直肠癌中的研究进展

结直肠癌的发生、发展是一个多步骤、多阶段、多基因参与的细胞遗传性疾病。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度超过200 bp核苷酸,不具备蛋白质编码功能,但具有广泛的基因表达调控作用的非编码RNA分子。研究显示, lncRNA在多种肿瘤中异常表达,其在结直肠癌的发生、发展过程中具有重要的作用,可作为结直肠癌诊断和预后的特异性分子标志物以及有效的治疗靶点。该文就lncRNA在结直肠癌中的研究进展作一综述,以期为其临床研究结直肠癌的诊断和治疗提供依据。
Impact of relocation and environmental cleaning on reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated infection in NICU

Background: Hospital environment remains a risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This was a prospective study to evaluate the comprehensive impact of relocating a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to a new facility and improved environmental cleaning practice on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on inanimate surfaces and the incident rate of HAIs. Methods: New environmental cleaning measures were adopted after the NICU was moved to a new and better-designed location. The effect of moving and the new environmental cleaning practice was investigated by comparing the positive number of MRSA on ward surfaces and the incidence density of HAIs between the baseline and intervention periods. Results: Only 2.5% of environmental surfaces were positive for MRSA in the intervention period compared to 44.0% in the baseline period (P<0.001). Likewise, the total incident rate of HAIs declined from 16.8 per 1000 cot-days to 10.0 per 1000 cot-days (P<0.001). Conclusion: The comprehensive measures of relocating the NICU to a new facility design with improved environmental cleaning practice are effective and significantly reduce the incidence of HAIs.
Illumina-Based Analysis of Bulk and Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Communities in Paddy Fields Under Mixed Heavy Metal Contamination

There is an increasing concern about rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil microbiomes under the influence of mixed heavy metal contamination. We used the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the bacterial diversity and community composition of soils in four paddy fields, exhibiting four degrees of mixed heavy metal (Cd, Pb and Zn) pollution, and examined the effects of these metals on the bacterial communities. Our results showed that up to 2 104 to 4 359 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of the paddy fields, with the dominant bacterial phyla (greater than 1% of the overall community) including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae. A number of rare and candidate bacterial groups were also detected, and Saprospirales, HOC36, SC-I-84 and Anaerospora were rarely detected in rice paddy soils. Venn diagram analysis showed that 174 bacterial OTUs were shared among the bulk soils with four pollution degrees. Rice rhizosphere soils displayed higher bacterial diversity indices (ACE and Chao 1) and more unique OTUs than bulk soils. Total Cd and Zn in the soils were significantly negatively correlated with ACE and Chao 1,respectively, and the Mantel test suggested that total Pb, total Zn, pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus significantly affected the community structure. Overall, these results provided baseline data for the bacterial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils of paddy fields contaminated with mixed heavy metals.
Marigold (Tagetes erecta) : The Potential Value in the Phytoremediation of Chromium

Environmental pollution with chromium (Cr) is harmful to humans, animals and plants, while in plants it causes diminished growth, anatomical alterations and death. In the present study, the potential value of marigold (Tagetes erecta) in the phytoremediation of Cr has been investigated. The randomized experimental design involved the exposure of plants to nutrient solutions containing 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12,0.16 or 0.24 mmol L~(-1) Cr(III). Chromium toxicity was observed at Cr(III) concentrations ≥ 0.12 mmol L~(-1) as demonstrated by diminished growth of the aerial parts and reduced density of the root system. Increasing Cr(III) concentrations in the nutrient solution resulted in a higher bioaccumulation of total Cr in the tissues, although translocation from roots to aerial parts was not efficient (maximum value of 25% at 0.12 mmol L~(-1) Cr(III)). The Cr bioaccumulation was up to 11-fold greater in roots than in the aerial parts. Tagetes erecta exhibited leaf plasticity when exposed to Cr, indicating the existence of a tolerance mechanism to Cr in this species. Chromium caused a reduction in xilem vases, resulting in a plastic effect in T. erecta leaves that increased the metal tolerance in culture solution. Tagetes spp. are potential Cr hyperaccumulators; at Cr(III) concentrations up to 0.12 mmol L~(-1), the plants accumulated levels above that proposed for hyperaccumulators and still maintained a considerable growth and even flourished. However, this study was conducted in nutrient solution, and studies on species confirmation as Cr hyperaccumulator should be conducted in soils for further clarification.
Contamination of Phthalate Esters in Vegetable Agriculture and Human Cumulative Risk Assessment

Phthalate esters (PAEs), which can disturb human endocrine system, have been widely detected in vegetable greenhouse agriculture in China. To investigate the effects of environmental factors on PAEs in soils, pollution sources were identified, and the cumulative risks of PAEs to humans through vegetables in the diet were evaluated in this study. Ninety-eight vegetable samples were collected from 10 markets along with 128 vegetable and 111 soil samples from agricultural greenhouses and open field. All soil and vegetable samples were contaminated with PAEs, and the total concentrations of the 5 PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP),di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), were in the ranges of 0.26-2.53 mg kg~(-1) for soils and 0.95-8.09 mg kg~(-1) for vegetables. Three components extracted from principle component analysis could explain 51.2%, 19.8%, and 15.3% of the total variance of the 5 PAEs in soils, which may represent three major sources of PAEs, i.e., wastewater irrigation, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and plastic film. Long-term greenhouse cultivation could accumulate DEHP in soils, and a higher soil FeO_x content reduced the DnBP concentration. Based on a survey of vegetables in the diet, the hazard index of PAEs was < 0.15 for individuals in different cities. The exposure of PAEs through vegetable intake was higher than the total exposure from other food stuffs, inhalation, and dermal absorption. More attention should be given to controlling PAEs in greenhouse vegetables.
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Soil Microbial Communities and Bacterial Nitrification in Suburban Vegetable Soils

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used antimicrobial compounds; however, they may pose a threat to non-targeted bacteria in the environment. In this study high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations of AgNPs (10,50,and 100 mg kg~(-1)) on soil microbial community structure during short-term (7 d) exposure. The amounts of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Nitrospirae significantly decreased with increasing AgNP concentration; meanwhile, several other phyla (e.g., Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes) increased and dominated. Nitrosomonas europaea, a well-characterized ammoniaoxidizing bacterium, was used to study the sensitivity of bacteria to AgNPs and ionic silver (Ag~+). Flow cytometry was used to monitor the toxicity of low (1 mg L~(-1)), middle (10 mg L~(-1)), and high concentrations (20 mg L~(-1)) of AgNPs, as well as Ag~+ (1 mg L~(-1)) released into the medium from 20 mg L~(-1) concentration of AgNPs, towards N. europaea. After 12 h of exposure, the survival rate of N. europaea treated with 1 mg L~(-1) Ag~+ was significantly lower than those treated with low (1 mg L~(-1)) and middle concentrations (10 mg L~(_1)) of AgNPs, but the survival rate in the treatment with high concentration (20 mg L~(-1)) of AgNPs was much lower. Additionally, necrosis rates were higher in the treatment with 20 mg L~(-1) AgNPs. Electron microscopy showed that Ag+ caused serious damage to the cell wall of N. europaea, disintegrated the nucleoids, and condensed next to the cell membrane; however, dissolved Ag+ is only one of the antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs.
Comparison of Persulfate Activation and Fenton Reaction in Remediating an Organophosphorus Pesticides-Polluted Soil

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are one of the most regular pollutants and frequently detected in the contaminated sites, so developing an efficient method for the treatment of OPs is highly required. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of persulfate (PS) activation and Fenton reaction in remediating the soil polluted with OPs. The polluted soil used in this study was sampled from an abandoned insecticide factory in Nantong, Jiangsu Province of China, mainly containing chloropyrifos (CP) and 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP, the raw material of profenofos) with total concentration of about 30 000 mg kg~(-1). The results showed that both BCP and CP were efficiently degraded by base activation of PS, and increasing the ratio of NaOH/PS enhanced CP degradation, but slightly decreased BCP degradation. The greatest degradation rates for CP and BCP were 92% and 97%, respectively, with 7.0 mol L~(-1) NaOH and 0.21 mol L~(-1) PS and a soil-to-liquid ratio of 1:1. Furthermore, ferrous iron activation of PS also degraded BCP efficiently, but only 60% of CP was degraded under the same reaction conditions. These results indicated that base activation of PS was more feasible than Fe2+ activation and Fenton reaction in remediating the soil polluted with OPs. The high degradation rate for CP may be linked to the initial hydrolyzation of CP by base to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, which can be further rapidly degraded by free radicals generated from base activation of PS.
Fate Processes of Chlorobenzenes in Soil and Potential Remediation Strategies: A Review

Chlorobenzenes (CBs) are a group of organic pollutants that pose a high environmental risk due to their toxicity, persistence and possible transfer in the food chain. Available data in literature show that CBs are detected in different environmental compartments such as soil, water, air and sediment. The widespread presence of CBs in the environment is related to their former extensive use in agriculture and industry. Some CBs are ranked in the list of priority pollutants by the Stockholm Convention, and their reduction or elimination from the environment is therefore of high importance. Environmental risk assessment of CBs requires knowledge on the role and importance of the main environmental fate processes, especially in soil. Furthermore, development of remediation strategies for reduction or elimination of CBs from the environment is related to the enhancement of fate processes that increase their dissipation in various environmental compartments. The main objectives of the current review were to present up-to-date data on fate processes of CBs in the soil environment and to explore possible remediation strategies for soils contaminated with CBs. Dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes is the main degradation pathway under anaerobic conditions, leading to the formation of lower-chlorinated benzenes. Biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes is well documented, especially by strains of adapted or specialized microorganisms. Development of techniques that combine dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes with biodegradation or biomineralization of lower-chlorinated benzenes can result in useful tools for remediation of soils contaminated with CBs. In addition, immobilization of CBs in soil by use of different amendments is a useful method for reducing the environmental risk of CBs.
A New Model for Correlation between the Marine Benthic Oxygen Isotope and Red Clay Magnetic Susceptibility on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Aeolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau contain some of the best continental archives of palaeoclimate change in the Late Cenozoic. The consensus that alternating MS in loess—paleosols in China was due to the strengthening and weakening of the East Asian palaeomonsoon provides an excellent climate record when correlated with global ice volume. Significantly, new basal dates from the red clay underlying the loess-paleosol sequence indicate that wind-blown dust began to accumulate on the Chinese Loess Plateau at least 22 million years ago. There are differences of opinion, however, as to the validity of using the MS record from the red clay as a proxy for palaeomonsoonal intensity or as an index of warm-cold cycling. Here we present the correlation between the magnetic susceptibility record from the pre-Quaternary aeolian red clay sediments underlying the loess, and the marine benthic oxygen isotope records for the period 8-2.6 Ma. Our main focus is on the inverse relationship between precipitation (inferred from the magnetic susceptibility record for the loess and red clay) and global ice volume. We attribute the fluctuating high and low precipitations implied in the aeolian sediments to movement of the rain belt, which penetrated deep into the interior of Asia in north-western China during interglacials and returned during periods of glaciation to central China where the Chinese Loess Plateau is located. Glacial-period rain belts stayed in south-eastern China from 2.6 Ma while the interglacial rain belts occur in CLP. Thus, we found the magnetic susceptibilities depend on the presence or absence of the rain belt.