mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Main issues in research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China

In this paper, we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades. First, the adverse impacts of these projects since the technical guidelines were proposed in 2006 are analyzed. Then, combined with projects and experience from 2006 to 2014, the four main issues are summarized: (1) There exist many questions in the design and construction of fishways, which are useful for fish migration, and the migration effects are not as expected. (2) Temperature stratification affecting the downstream fish is the major impact of temperature, and alters fish spawning in the reproduction season. (3) Ecological base flow has been one of the primary questions of the last 30 years in China, the greatest related difficulty being quantification of the amount and flow process necessary to satisfy fish life history. (4) Fish habitat protection and restoration are popular topics in recent years with the development of river ecosystem restoration. Fish habitat loss due to the impacts of dam construction and habitat fragmentation has become more and more serious. These four issues are now the main difficulties in water project management, and interact with one another to bear combined effects on river ecosystems. The issues of eco-hydraulic consideration in the design period are the key factors. Finally, future priorities for research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China are proposed. The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the scientific research, monitoring, and assessment of operating effectiveness.
Application of isotopic information for estimating parameters in Philip infiltration model

Minimizing parameter uncertainty is crucial in the application of hydrologic models. Isotopic information in various hydrologic components of the water cycle can expand our knowledge of the dynamics of water flow in the system, provide additional information for parameter estimation, and improve parameter identifiability. This study combined the Philip infiltration model with an isotopic mixing model using an isotopic mass balance approach for estimating parameters in the Philip infiltration model. Two approaches to parameter estimation were compared: (a) using isotopic information to determine the soil water transmission and then hydrologic information to estimate the soil sorptivity, and (b) using hydrologic information to determine the soil water transmission and the soil sorptivity. Results of parameter estimation were verified through a rainfall infiltration experiment in a laboratory under rainfall with constant isotopic compositions and uniform initial soil water content conditions. Experimental results showed that approach (a), using isotopic and hydrologic information, estimated the soil water transmission in the Philip infiltration model in a manner that matched measured values well. The results of parameter estimation of approach (a) were better than those of approach (b). It was also found that the analytical precision of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes had a significant effect on parameter estimation using isotopic information.
《肥胖相关性高血压管理的中国专家共识》的关键点及亮点

目前随着城市化进程,肥胖已经成为现代文明病。肥胖在高血压患者中普遍存在。中国健康与营养调查(China Health and Nutrition Survey,CHNS)监测9个省市的人群显示,超重率和肥胖率分别达到27.5%和8.7%,2015年《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告》显示,年龄≥18岁成人超重率为30.1%、肥胖率为11.9%,6~17岁青少年超重率为9.6%、肥胖率为6.4%。肥胖与超重可显著增加儿童高血压患病风险, 2012年中国6城市儿童血压调查结果显示,肥胖、超重和正常体质量组的高血压患病率分别为29.1%、 17.4%和7.8%。
Low complexity robust linear transceiver design for MIMO interference channel

This paper focuses on the linear transceiver design for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) interference channel (IC), in which a bounded channel error model is assumed. Two optimization problems are formulated as minimizing maximum per-user mean square error (MSE) and sum MSE with the per-transmitter power constraint. Since these optimization problems are not jointly convex on their variable matrices, the transmitter and receiver can be optimized alternately respectively. For each matrix, an approximated approach is presented where the upper bound of constraint is derived so that it has less semidefinite, thus the problem can be viewed as second-order-cone programming (SOCP) and gets less computational complexity. Compared with the conventional S-procedure method, the proposed approach achieves similar performance, but reduces the complexity significantly, especially for the system with large scale number of antennas.
水泥窑协同处置不同类型危险废物时二噁英排放特性研究

水泥窑协同处置固废在减量化、无害化和资源化方面具有显著的优势,然而,焚烧过程中不可避免地生成二噁英,而二噁英的排放量可能受固废的种类和处置量等影响。本文系统地研究某4 000 t/d的水泥窑单独处置电镀污泥、有机溶剂、含镍废物和医疗废物时废气中二噁英的排放水平,同时计算其排放因子,并且与已有的研究进行对比分析。结果表明,水泥窑协同处置不同危险废弃物时对二噁英排放的影响较小,所有排放数据均满足国家标准;二噁英主要通过从头合成反应生成,并以高氯代为主;各排放因子与国外水泥窑协同处置的企业的排放水平相当。该技术是一种切实可行的危险废物处置方式。
不同煤种低温干燥特性的实验研究

利用热天平对4种不同煤样进行了等温干燥脱水实验,实验表明:对于同一煤样,温度升高会导致煤样干燥速率增大。不同煤样、不同温度的干燥速率曲线趋势基本一致,经历升速干燥阶段、恒速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段。对干燥实验数据使用薄层干燥模型理论中的15种不同模型进行数据拟合,计算并比较不同模型的相关系数从而确定了Yag-cioglu模型为等温干燥最为适宜的机理模型。在最佳干燥机理模型的基础上进行动力学分析,在相同干燥温度条件下,干燥速率常数k随着煤样含水量增加而减少,而在同一煤样中,k则呈现出随着干燥温度升高而增加的趋势。4种煤样在低温情况下等温干燥的表观活化能分别为E_(CZ) =37.40 kJ/mol、E_(TS) =28.41 kJ/mol、E_(DF) = 53.52 kj/mol和E_(HY)=33.53 kj/mol。
热电联产集中供热方案的分析对比

集中供热是当前供热领域的趋势,为了提高供热系统的能源利用效率和降低供热成本,在现有电厂的基础上,针对现存的不同供热配置方式,提出了4种天然气热电联产集中供热方案以进行对比分析。采用Cycle-Tempo软件建立了这4种热电联产的热力学模型,对联产系统进行热力学模拟。分析了各个方案的能源利用效率和?效率,从系统内部分析影响系统能源利用效率和?效率的主要因素。建立了各个方案的供热经济性模型,分析了影响其供热经济性的主要因素。最后,讨论了天然气价格、电价格、供热负荷和供热距离的变化对系统经济性的影响。
Cross section and Higgs mass measurement with Higgsstrahlung at the CEPC

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a future Higgs factory proposed by the Chinese high energy physics community. It will operate at a center-of-mass energy of 240-250 GeV. The CEPC will accumulate an integrated luminosity of 5 ab~(-1) over ten years of operation, producing one million Higgs bosons via the Higgsstrahlung and vector boson fusion processes. This sample allows a percent or even sub-percent level determination of the Higgs boson couplings. With GEANT4-based full simulation and a dedicated fast simulation tool, we have evaluated the statistical precisions of the Higgstrahlung cross section σ_(zH) and the Higgs mass m_H measurement at the CEPC in the Z → μ~+μ~- channel. The statistical precision of σ_(ZH) (m_H) measurement could reach 0.97% (6.9 MeV) in the model-independent analysis which uses only the information from Z boson decays. For the standard model Higgs boson, the m_H precision could be improved to 5.4 MeV by including the information from Higgs decays. The impact of the TPC size on these measurements is investigated. In addition, we studied the prospect of measuring the Higgs boson decaying into invisible final states at the CEPC. With the Standard Model ZH production rate, the upper limit of B(H→inv.) could reach 1.2% at 95% confidence level.
Orchestrating Network Functions in Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networking (SDN) enables third-part companies to participate in the network function innovations. A number of instances for one network function will inevitably co-exist in the network. Although some orchestration architecture has been proposed to chain network functions, rare works are focused on how to optimize this process. In this paper, we propose an optimized model for network function orchestration, function combination model (FCM). Our main contributions are as following. First, network functions are featured with a new abstraction, and are open to external providers. And FCM identifies network functions using unique type, and organizes their instances distributed over the network with the appropriate way. Second, with the specialized demands, we can combine function instances under the global network views, and formulate it into the problem of Boolean linear program (BLP). A simulated annealing algorithm is designed to approach optimal solution for this BLP. Finally, the numerical experiment demonstrates that our model can create outstanding composite schemas efficiently.
高压氧综合治愈严重足部软组织感染一例

现代研究表明,高压氧在辅助治疗软组织感染方面已取得了满意的疗效。这主要与(1)改善循环:高压氧能够通过提高血液氧含量、升高氧分压、促进侧枝循环建立等途径改善感染部位氧气供应。(2)抑制细菌生长:高压氧可以通过增强白细胞吞噬功能,抑制细菌的糖类、脂质、核苷的合成,促进蛋白水解,降低硫胺素水平、降低辅酶及氧化辅酶的水平等来抑制细菌生长。(3)增加抗菌素疗效:高压氧治疗可以增加抗生素的作用效果,(4)促进表皮生长:高压氧可促进创面血管内皮细胞生长因子的分泌,促进创面局部血管再生从而促进创面愈合。此外,高压氧通过改善局部微循环,加强有氧代谢,促进上皮胶原纤维的产生及毛细血管再生,加速皮肤损伤修复。研究还发现,高压氧通过增加血氧含量、提高氧分压,增加氧弥散距离等途径增强肝细胞解毒功能,有利于肝细胞再生和肝功能恢复。在对该患治疗过程中,笔者通过对比发现在足部感染常规治疗上与之前两所医院并无本质区别,只是本科较之前医院治疗增加了高压氧治疗。通过3个疗程的高压氧治疗后,患者足部感染痊愈,同时肝损伤、败血症、肺炎也都痊愈,患者一般状况也较入院时明显好转,治疗效果良好,这进一步证明高压氧在治疗皮肤软组织感染方面具有很好的效果,值得在临床广泛开展。
高容量血液滤过在脓毒症治疗中的临床应用及进展

脓毒症是感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征,临床上证实有细菌存在或有高度可疑感染灶。细胞因子的瀑布样反应,导致促炎/抗炎介质之间的失衡,是脓毒症发生发展的主要病理机制之一。脓毒症可进一步发展为严重脓毒症/脓毒性休克,甚至多器官功能衰竭,近年来,尽管临床医生尝试多种治疗手段,严重脓毒症病死率仍达30% ~ 50%。
An Equilibrium Version of Set-Valued Ekeland Variational Principle and its Applications to Set-Valued Vector Equilibrium Problems

By using Gerstewitz functions, we establish a new equilibrium version of Ekeland variational principle, which improves the related results by weakening both the lower boundedness and the lower semi-continuity of the objective bimaps. Applying the new version of Ekeland principle, we obtain some existence theorems on solutions for set-valued vector equilibrium problems, where the most used assumption on compactness of domains is weakened. In the setting of complete metric spaces (Z, d), we present an existence result of solutions for set-valued vector equilibrium problems, which only requires that the domain X ? Z is countably compact in any Hausdorff topology weaker than that induced by d. When (Z, d) is a Fechet space (i.e., a complete metrizable locally convex space), our existence result only requires that the domain X ? Z is weakly compact. Furthermore, in the setting of non-compact domains, we deduce several existence theorems on solutions for set-valued vector equilibrium problems, which extend and improve the related known results.
交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨多节段骨折的疗效

胫骨多段骨折属于小腿严重创伤中的一种,多为高能量损伤造成的不稳定性骨折,常合并有明显的软组织损伤。由于血供受破坏且骨折愈合时间长,治疗不当易发生术后感染、内置物断裂、骨不连、畸形愈合等并发症,因此,如何保护胫骨血供、选择合适的内固定治疗骨折和减少术后并发症一直是临床治疗的难题。髓内钉固定一直是治疗长骨干骨折的“金标准”。笔者采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2008年5月- 2014年5月解放军第一七五医院全军骨科中心采用自制便携式下肢手术支架辅助交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨多节段骨折46例患者资料,探讨交锁髓内钉内固定治疗的效果。现报告如下。
穿支皮瓣技术在四肢组织缺损重建中的临床应用

自从1989年Koshima和Soeda在国际上首先报告不带肌肉的腹壁下动脉皮瓣,从临床角度率先提出仅以穿支血管营养的皮肤组织瓣概念以来,无论是对穿支皮瓣供区的研究,还是对其应用形式的改良都有了更为深入的发展。与传统皮瓣相比,穿支皮瓣凭借其“受区修复重建好、供区破坏损失小”的优势,不仅能用于深部组织外露创面的覆盖,而且还可被用来行骨、肌肉、皮肤软组织三维复合缺损的重建,已经成为四肢组织缺损修复的重要选择。在临床实践中,术前精准而经济地设计皮瓣;术中微创而安全地转移皮瓣;术后及时而有效地挽救皮瓣是穿支皮瓣手术能够成功的关键。在穿支皮瓣出现并持续发展近30年后,此技术已不再是重建阶梯的最后选择,而是应与各项传统皮瓣技术、组织扩张和骨延长技术一样,根据患者的具体情况和肢体重建的需求灵活选择。笔者结合本期专题论文对穿支皮瓣在肢体组织缺损重建中的应用进行总结,提出穿支皮瓣设计和切取的技术要点及前沿进展。
胃混合性腺神经内分泌癌61例临床病理特征及其预后分析

目的探讨胃混合性腺神经内分泌癌(mixed adenon-euroendocrine carcinomas, MANEC)的临床病理特征及预后分析。方法回顾61例胃MANEC的临床病理资料,重新阅片及免疫组化检测,并进行随访。结果光镜下所有肿瘤均由腺癌和神经内分泌癌两种成分构成,且两种成分各占比例均>30%。免疫表型:腺癌成分CK、CEA均阳性,神经内分泌成分15例Syn、CD56、CgA均阳性;20例CgA、Syn均阳性,CD56阴性;24例CD56、Syn均阳性,CgA阴性;2例CD56、CgA均阳性,Syn阴性。61例中5例失访,18例健在,38例死亡。结论胃MANEC临床症状缺乏特异性,预后较差,结合免疫组化结果可做出准确诊断,并对制定合理治疗方案、改善患者预后具有重要意义。
中国壮、蒙、哈萨克族群体30个InDels的遗传多态性

本文对中国地区广西壮族、蒙族、哈萨克族三个健康无关个体进行遗传多态性调查。采用Investigator DIPplex试剂盒对广西壮族、蒙族、哈萨克族的150名无关个体的30个InDel位点进行复合扩增,统计分析各位点的频率数据、群体遗传学参数。经Bonferroni校正,30个InDel位点不存在连锁不平衡现象:基因型在三个民族的分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;各位点在蒙族、哈萨克族、广西壮族三个人群中的累积个体识别率分别为0.999 999 999 991 9、0.999 999 999 999 32、0.999 999 999 969,累积非父排除率(CPE)均大于0.98; 30个InDels在蒙族、哈萨克族、广西壮族分别有中2个、1个、6个位点的He<0.3。通过Genepop 4.2软件计算Fst值,除D118 (0.126)、D64 (0.071)外,其余位点均小于0.06。所调查人群具有较高的多态性,能达到较高的个体识别能力,可以作为现有STR检验体系的补充。
基于核极端学习机的短期风电功率预测研究

随着风力发电的大规模发展和并网运行,风电场输出功率的精确预测对电力系统的运行具有重大意义。针对风力发电功率具有非线性和非平稳的特性,利用经验模态分解和核极端学习机结合的方法对短期风力发电功率预测进行研究。通过经验模态分解把风电功率时间序列分解成为一系列相对平稳的子数据序列,对每个子数据序列采用核极端学习机算法分别进行模型建立与预测,把每个预测模型得到的子数据序列预测值相加获得最终的风电功率预测值。基于此方法的某风电场输出功率实例数据预测仿真结果表明,该方法的预测模型能更好地跟踪风电功率的变化,预测误差比单独KELM方法减小7.6%,比EMD-SVM方法减小1.7%,能够在一定程度上提高风电功率预测的准确性。
精准医学时代肿瘤治疗决策:大数据与小随机

肿瘤治疗决策经历了从经验医学、循证医学到精准医学的变革,临床试验的成熟、组学技术的进步及大数据分析工具的出现正是促进历次医学发展的核心要素。传统的临床研究,特别是随机对照研究(RCT)优化了治疗方案,推动了治疗指南的制定和修改,带来了新的医学策略的思考,但其在现实世界中的外推效能仍需得到检验,真实世界研究(RWS)应运而生,与小随机共同构建大数据平台,完善临床治疗决策。
Increased Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southwest China

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its characteristic symptoms have been associated with physical and psychological issues in women of reproductive age. The current study was conducted in response to the dearth of systematic research related to psychological functioning and quality of life in patients with PCOS in Southwest China, and to determine whether patients with PCOS exhibit poorer mental health (MH) compared to healthy women of the same age and living in the same region, without a PCOS diagnosis. Methods: We enrolled 120 outpatients with PCOS and 100 healthy controls in this study. Standardized questionnaires were administered to assess general MH conditions (General Health Questionnaire-12-item version), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the 36-item short-form health survey. The independent samples t-test was conducted for continuous study variables. For categorical variables, the Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were performed. Results: The prevalence of anxiety (13.3% vs. 2.0%) and depression (27.5% vs. 3.0%) was higher in patients with PCOS compared to the controls (both P < 0.05). Patients with PCOS had decreased HRQoL. Patients with PCOS who had fertility requirements were more likely to be anxious and depressed than those without fertility requirements (anxiety: 22.6% [12/53] vs. 5.9% [4/67],χ~2= 7.117,P=0.008;depression: 37.7% (20/53) vs. 19.4% (13/67),χ~2 = 4.988,P=0.026). Conclusions: PCOS and related symptoms may be risk factors for depression and anxiety. Professionals should be concerned with the MH of women with PCOS, and psychological therapy should be considered.
Viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability with and without diffusion effect

The approximate but analytical solution of the viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) has been widely used recently in theoretical and numerical investigations due to its clarity. In this paper, a modified analytical solution of the growth rate for the viscous RTI of incompressible fluids is obtained based on an approximate method. Its accuracy is verified numerically to be significantly improved in comparison with the previous one in the whole wave number range for different viscosity ratios and Atwood numbers. Furthermore, this solution is expanded for viscous RTI including the concentration-diffusion effect.
All-dielectric metasurface beam deflector at the visible frequencies

Beam deflectors are important optical elements which can control the propagation direction of the beam in free space. However, with the development of miniaturization of the optical systems, conventional reflector-based mechanical beam deflectors confront a huge challenge due to their large sizes and incompatibility to the device integration. Here we propose an all-dielectric flat metasurface beam deflector which is composed of a single layer array of TiO_2 nanoantennas resting on a fused-silica substrate. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate that the proposed deflectors are able to efficiently deflect the incident beam for different angles with transmission efficiency higher than 80% at visible frequencies. This ultrathin all-dielectric metasurface deflector may have great potential applications in integrated optics.
Moments of discounted dividend payments in a risk model with randomized dividend-decision times

We consider a perturbed compound Poisson risk model with randomized dividend-decision times. Different from the classical barrier dividend strategy, the insurance company makes decision on whether or not paying off dividends at some discrete time points (called dividend-decision times). Assume that at each dividend-decision time, if the surplus is larger than a barrier b>0, the excess value will be paid off as dividends. Under such a dividend strategy, we study how to compute the moments of the total discounted dividend payments paid off before ruin.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of N-(2,2-Dimethyl-7-alkoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-(4-arylxoyphenoxy)propionamides

In order to find novel herbicidal active compounds, a series of N-(2,2-dimethyl-7-alkoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofnran-5 -yl)-2-(4-arylxoyphenoxy)propionamides was designed, prepared and evaluated for their herbicidal activity. Bioassay results showed that most of the title compounds had excellent and selective herbicidal activity against the monocotyledonous grasses. In particular, compounds 1g and 1m showed 100% inhibition against the growth of three monocotyledonous grasses under both postemergence and preemergence treatments at the dose of 2250 g/hm~2 (1 hm~2=10~4 m~2), and could be used as lead compounds for further development of novel potential herbicidal agents.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel N-Phenylacetamide Bearing l,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

A new series of 1-substituted phenyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)ethanone derivatives 3a—3f was synthesized and their structures were characterized by IR, ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and HRMS spectral analysis. Antimicrobial activities of the derivatives were measured against both bacteria and fungi. In vitro antifungal evaluation showed that five compounds(3b—3f) had growth inhibitory effects on the tested fungus, and three of them(3b, 3c and 3e) showed special efficacy against Gram negative bacteria.
HMGB1胞外分泌在石棉致恶性间皮瘤中的分子机制

恶性间皮瘤(malignant mesothelioma,恶性间皮瘤)是一种发生在胸腔或腹腔内壁单层扁平上皮组织上的侵袭性肿瘤。研究表明,恶性间皮瘤具有3个重要特点(1)与长期石棉纤维暴露相关,是石棉接触人群的职业性肿瘤之一。 (2)平均潜伏期长达20~40年,且肿瘤发生及浸润机制不明确。(3)缺乏特异性临床表现,早期诊断困难,尚无有效治疗方案,故大多数患者发现时已处于晚期,预后差,一般中位生存期只有4~12个月。基于石棉所致间皮瘤严重危害性,国际癌症研究中心(IARC)已将石棉列为人类致癌物。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,全球约有1.25亿人职业接触石棉,每年约有10.7万人死于石棉相关疾病,其中死于恶性间皮瘤的约为每年4.3万人随着石棉的生产和使用,石棉产品给人类健康带来的危害也逐渐显现。世界各国先后出台法律禁止使用石棉,但禁用时间均较晚,加之间潜伏期长,故石棉接触人群恶性间皮瘤的发病人数仍不断增加。中国是世界上最大的石棉原料输入国和石棉制品生产国,直到2005年我国才开始禁止使用青石棉,但温石棉仍然大量使用。据此预测,我国恶性间皮瘤的病例数将持续快速增加,防治任务艰巨。因此,充分了解恶性间皮瘤肿瘤发生机制和提高防治工作水平具有很高的科学研究价值和临床意义。
倾向评分匹配过程中的若干问题

PSM是个复杂的统计过程,从适用范围、倾向评分的计算、匹配方法等到匹配成功与否的检验都要根据研究的实际情况进行检查,某些过程需要进行编程处理,最好在统计学专家的参与下进行。
第143例—发热,心功能不全,腹痛,黄疸

出院随访:出院后2个月复诊,体温正常,无不适;复查血、尿常规、肝酶、胆红素正常;铁蛋白、出凝血时间及纤维蛋白原均正常;C3 0.71 g/L较前上升,C40.09 g/L;ANA(+)(1: 1 000),抗Sm(+ + +),抗RNP(+ + +),抗dsDNA(±),抗Rib(+ +);心电图、腹部B超正常。UCG较前无明显变化。并准备心外科行心瓣膜置换术。
Qualitative Analysis and Approximate Damped Oscillatory Solutions for a Kind of Nonlinear Dispersive-dissipative Equation

This paper makes qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for a kind of nonlinear dispersive-dissipative equation, and considers its solving problem. The relation is investigated between behavior of its solution and the dissipation coefficient. Further, all approximate damped oscillatory solutions when dissipation coefficient is small are presented by utilizing the method of undetermined coefficients according to the theory of rotated vector field in planar dynamical systems. Finally, error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation which reflects the relation between approximate and exact damped oscillatory solutions applying the idea of homogenization principle.
无创性产前基因检测技术筛查策略的卫生经济学分析

无创性产前基因检测(non-invasive prenatal test, NIPT)技术是通过分析孕妇外周血中的游离胎儿DNA(cell-free fetal DNA,cffDNA),对胎儿染色体非整倍体进行分析以评估唐氏综合征发生的风险;其检出率>99%,假阳性率低(0.1% ~ 1.0%),且能够减少行侵入性产前诊断孕妇的例数。目前,在我国临床上,唐氏综合征孕中期三联血清学筛查的应用广泛,其检出率为50% ~ 70%,假阳性率约为5%NIPT技术最早可在孕9周时进行,而孕中期三联血清学筛查最早只能在孕14周进行。国际上,NIPT技术由于其优势逐渐被广泛应用,专业学会也发布了指南。国内有关NIPT技术筛查策略的研究,尤其是经济学评价研究较少。本研究以决策树模型为基础,从社会学角度对NIPT技术筛查进行成本-效果分析,为NIPT技术在我国临床上的使用提供依据。
Shenmai injection enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs against colorectal cancers via improving their subcellular distribution

Shenmai injection (SMI) is a Chinese patent-protected injection, which was mainly made of Red Ginseng and Radix Ophiopogonis and widely used for treating coronary heart disease and tumors by boosting Qi and nourishing Yin. In this study we examined whether SMI could produce direct synergetic effects on the cytoxicity of adriamycin (ADR) and paclitaxel (PTX) in colorectal cancers in vivo and in vitro, and explored the underlying pharmacokinetic mechanisms. BALB/c nude mice with LoVo colon cancer xenografts were intraperitoneally injected with ADR (2 mg·kg~(-1)·3d~(-1)) or PTX (7.5 mg·kg~(-1)·3d~(-1)) with or without SMI (0.01 mL·g~(-1)·d~(-1)) for 13 d. Co-administration of SMI significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of ADR and PTX, whereas administration of SMI alone at the given dosage did not produce visible anti-cancer effects, The chemosensitizing action of SMI was associated with increased concentrations of ADR and PTX in the plasma and tumors. In Caco-2 and LoVo cells in vitro, co-treatment with SMI (2 μL/mL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADR and PTX, and resulted in some favorable pharmacokinetic changes in the subcellular distribution of ADR and PTX. In addition, SMI-induced intracellular accumulation of ADR was closely correlated with the increased expression levels of P-glycoprotein in 4 colon cancer cell lines (r~2=+0.8558). SMI enhances the anti-cancer effects of ADR and PTX in colon cancers in vivo and in vitro by improving the subcellular distributions of ADR and PTX.
吸入性抗生素治疗成人支气管扩张症的有效性与安全性

支气管扩张症(支扩症)是以咳嗽、咳痰、咯血为主要表现的慢性气道感染性疾病。支扩症一直被误认为是少见病,然而2013年英国的支扩症患病率为女性每年566.1/10万,男性为485.5/10万。我国7省市支扩症的患病率高于1%(1万/10万)。细菌感染可引发气道炎症及结构破坏。支扩症稳定期患者中29.7%d患者痰液中可分离出铜绿假单胞菌,9.5%的患者可分离出流感嗜血杆菌。细菌感染触发气道炎症,损害肺功能,铜绿假单胞菌定植患者的肺功能下降尤为显著,该类患者除血C反应蛋白及痰中IL-8和IL-1β水平升高外,其肺功能更差,急性加重更频繁。清除铜绿假单胞菌可减少急性加重的风险,改善患者的临床症状及预后。
支气管扩张症:需要更多的关注和研究

支气管扩张症(支扩症)自1819年首次由法国学者Laennec描述,其特征性症状包括慢性咳嗽、咯黏液或脓性痰液及咯血等。支扩症属于肺结构破坏性疾病,一旦形成则不可治愈。尽管临床上比较常见,但相关的研究远远滞后于其他肺部疾病。从临床的角度认识一种疾病需要了解其发病率、发病危险因素、发病机制、对患者的影响及合理的治疗方案等,但支扩症的这些问题缺乏足够的研究数据。
中国支气管扩张症诊治现状及面临的挑战

支气管扩张症(支扩症)是一种慢性呼吸道疾病,具有病程长、肺功能进行性下降等特点,可造成巨大的社会经济负担,使患者的生活质量下降。在发达国家,支扩症一度被称为“孤儿病”,但在我国,由于幼儿时感染因素未有效及时控制或疾病早期缺乏统一规范的治疗,支扩症一直是我国的常见病,但支扩症在我国却远不及支气管哮喘和慢阻肺一样受到重视。
Maximum Entropy Approach for Solving Pessimistic Bilevel Programming Problems

Bilevel programming problems are of growing interest both from theoretical and practical points of view. In this paper, we study a pessimistic bilevel programming problem in which the set of solutions of the lower level problem is discrete. We first transform such a problem into a single-level optimization problem by using the maximum-entropy techniques. We then present a maximum entropy approach for solving the pessimistic bilevel programming problem. Finally, two examples illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.