mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Test-retest reliability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form(MNA-SF)in older patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation

Malnutrition is described as a state of insufficient intake of energy, protein and other nutrients leading to changes in body composition(weight loss, reduced fat-free mass)as well as adverse functional and clinical outcomes.Depending on the assessments and definition used, the prevalence in older patients ranges between 12% in communitydwelling adults to 60% of patients in geriatric care facilities.Older populations are at high risk of nutritional deficiencies because of risk factors such as multimorbidity,polypharmacy, cognitive and physical decline, poor appetite,depressive syndromes and socioeconomic changes.
Mitochondrial Ca~(2+) regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications

Heart failure (HF) represents one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases with high rates of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ample evidence has consolidated a crucial role for mitochondrial injury in the progression of HF. It is well established that mitochondrial Ca~(2+) participates in the regulation of a wide variety of biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Nonetheless, mitochondrial Ca~(2+) overload stimulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial swelling, resulting in mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, cardiac remodeling, and ultimately development of HF. Moreover, mitochondria possess a series of Ca~(2+) transport influx and efflux channels, to buffer Ca~(2+) in the cytoplasm. Interaction at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) may also participate in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca~(2+) homeostasis and plays an essential role in the progression of HF. Here, we provide an overview of regulation of mitochondrial Ca~(2+) homeostasis in maintenance of cardiac function, in an effort to identify novel therapeutic strategies for the management of HF.
Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper–Drawn Steel for Grounding Grids in the Acidic Red Soil Simulated Solution

The influence of pH and metallographic structure on the corrosion behavior of copper–drawn steel is studied with the simulated system. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of copper–drawn steel has been investigated using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, galvanic current measurement, scanning electron microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique techniques. The steel is corroded as anode, while the corrosion of copper plate is protected as cathode. All the results revealed that pH and metallographic structure had a significant influence on the corrosion behavior of copper– drawn steel. With the decrease in pH value from 6 to 2.4, the corrosion rate of copper–drawn steel galvanic couple (Cu–Fe GC) obviously increased in the simulated solution of acidic red soil. The electric field formed by the Cu–Fe GC changes the direction of ion migration between the copper and drawn steel electrodes, which impacts the composition and microstructure of corrosion products formed on the electrode surface.
Influence of Zn Content on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Behavior of AA5083 Aluminum Alloy

To enhance the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance, Zn was utilized as an alloy element to add in the AA5083 aluminum alloys. The effects of Zn content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and SCC resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that in the studied range adding Zn can significantly improve the SCC resistance of the AA5083 alloys. This is related to the relatively low amount of continuous β (Al_3Mg_2) phase along grain boundary and the formation of Zn-containing phase such as Al_5 Mg_(11)Zn_4 phase. Based on the results, the optimal Zn content with respect to SCC resistance is approximately 0.50 wt.%. Further increasing Zn content results in coarse precipitates discontinuously distributed along grain boundaries.
原发性肺神经内分泌肿瘤伴全身转移1例

讨论肺NET为异质性肿瘤,约占肺原发恶性肿瘤的25%,好发于有吸烟史的老年男性,临床可表现为咳嗽、咯血,症状和体征缺乏特异性。依据肿瘤Ki-67增殖指数及核分裂象占比,NET分为G1级、G2级、G3级;依据发病位置分为中央型与周围型。目前对于本病的PET/CT报道较少,已有研究显示肿瘤标准摄取值与恶性程度呈正相关。本例肺NET位于左肺门及左肺下叶,与左下肺血管分界不清,局部葡萄糖代谢明显增高,SUV_(max)13.60,提示病变分化程度低,并伴双肺、胸膜、淋巴结、肝、骨多发转移。本病需与以下疾病相鉴别:①肺鳞癌,多呈厚壁偏心性空洞,实性病灶代谢明显增高,空洞坏死组织代谢缺损;②肺腺癌,肿块多可见短毛刺征,代谢明显增高,磨玻璃样及囊性病灶代谢呈轻度增高;③淋巴瘤,多表现为全身淋巴结肿大,可相互融合,代谢明显增高,多合并脾大,脾脏代谢增高;④肺部慢性肉芽肿性炎,多发淋巴结肿大,SUV_(max)值较高。
Digitalization of inverting filter shaping circuit for nuclear pulse signals

In the design of filter shaping circuits for nuclear pulse signals, inverting filter shaping circuits perform better than non-inverting filter shaping circuits.Because these circuits facilitate changing the phase of a pulse signal, they are widely used in processing nuclear pulse signals.In this study, the transfer functions of four types of inverting filter shaping circuits, namely the common inverting filter shaping, improved inverting filter shaping, multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping, and third-order multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping, in the Laplacian domain, are derived.We establish the numerical recursive function models and digitalize the four circuits, obtain the transfer functions in the Z domain, and analyze the filter performance and amplitude-frequency response characteristics in the frequency domain.Based on the actual nuclear pulse signal of the Si-PIN detector, we realize four types of inverting digital shaping.The results show that under the same shaping parameters, the common inverting digital shaping has better amplitude extraction characteristics, the third-order multiple feedback low-pass digital shaping has better noise suppression performance, and the multiple feedback digital shaping takes into account both pulse amplitude extraction and noise suppression performance.
吸入烟雾联合经鼻滴入肺炎链球菌建立大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型

慢性阻塞性肺疾病( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种不完全可逆的以气流受限为特征的疾病,病情呈进行性发展,不仅会影响呼吸功能,也会对循环系统造成影响,甚至危及生命。研究显示,COPD与颗粒吸入,慢性炎性反应等有关。但是目前,临床对COPD的发病机制并不是很清楚。因此,建立可靠的COPD动物模型对COPD发病机制及治疗方案的研究具有重要价值。本研究采用吸入烟雾与肺炎链球菌经鼻滴入建立SD大鼠COPD模型。结果显示该方法建立COPD模型效果较好,且可以建立相应细菌感染的COPD动物模型。
System of Multigrid Nonlinear Least-squares Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction (SNAP): System Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation

A new forecasting system—the System of Multigrid Nonlinear Least-squares Four-dimensional Variational (NLS-4DVar) Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction (SNAP)—was established by building upon the multigrid NLS-4DVar data assimilation scheme, the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)–based data-processing and observation operators, and the widely used Weather Research and Forecasting numerical model. Drawing upon lessons learned from the superiority of the operational GSI analysis system, for its various observation operators and the ability to assimilate multiple-source observations, SNAP adopts GSI-based data-processing and observation operator modules to compute the observation innovations. The multigrid NLS-4DVar assimilation framework is used for the analysis, which can adequately correct errors from large to small scales and accelerate iteration solutions. The analysis variables are model state variables, rather than the control variables adopted in the conventional 4DVar system. Currently, we have achieved the assimilation of conventional observations, and we will continue to improve the assimilation of radar and satellite observations in the future. SNAP was evaluated by case evaluation experiments and one-week cycling assimilation experiments. In the case evaluation experiments, two six-hour time windows were established for assimilation experiments and precipitation forecasts were verified against hourly precipitation observations from more than 2400 national observation sites. This showed that SNAP can absorb observations and improve the initial field, thereby improving the precipitation forecast. In the one-week cycling assimilation experiments, six-hourly assimilation cycles were run in one week. SNAP produced slightly lower forecast RMSEs than the GSI 4DEnVar (Four-dimensional Ensemble Variational) as a whole and the threat scores of precipitation forecasts initialized from the analysis of SNAP were higher than those obtained from the analysis of GSI 4DEnVar.
分布式信息能源系统理论与应用专题序言

分布式信息能源系统(Distributed cyber energy system, DCES)是能源互联网(Energy internet, EI)顺应新时代、新机遇与新挑战的产物,是能源发展的新阶段与新形态.能源作为信息的载体催生出海量能源数据,而信息技术的发展又将反哺能源网络的改造和升级. DCES通过信息流与能量流的交互影响,实现能源互联网的计算、优化、控制与管理的深度融合,以安全、高效、可靠和实时的方式感知与管控能源系统,实现多能源系统之间的自治与协作.
Analysis of Time-domain Electromagnetic Scattering Problem by Multiple Cavities

The time-domain multiple cavity scattering problem, which arises in diverse scientific areas, has significant industrial and military applications. The multiple cavities, embedded in an infinite ground plane, is filled with inhomogeneous media characterized by variable dielectric permittivities and magnetic permeabilities. Corresponding to the transverse electric, the scattering problem can be studied by the Helmholtz equation in frequency domain and wave equation in time-domain respectively. A novel transparent boundary condition in time-domain is developed to reformulate the cavity scattering problem into an initial-boundary value problem in a bounded domain. The well-posedness and stability of the reduced problem are established. Moreover, a priori energy estimates for the electric field is obtained with minimum regularity requirement for the data and an explicit dependence on the time by studying the wave equation directly.
Microstructural analyses of all-solid-state Li–S batteries using LiBH4-based solid electrolyte for prolonged cycle performance

Complex hydride materials have been widely investigated as potential solid electrolytes because they have good compatibility with the lithium metal anodes used in all-solid-state batteries. However, the development of all-solid-state batteries utilizing complex hydrides has been difficult as these cells tend to have short cycle lives. This study investigated the capacity fading mechanism of all-solid-state lithium– sulfur (Li–S) batteries using Li_4(BH_4)_3I solid electrolytes by analyzing the cathode microstructure. Crosssectional scanning electron microscopy observations after 100 discharge–charge cycles revealed crack formation in the Li_4 (BH_4)_3I electrolyte and an increased cathode thickness. Raman spectroscopy indicated that decomposition of the Li_4(BH_4)_3I solid electrolyte occurred at a constant rate during the cycling tests. To combat these effects, the cycle life of Li–S batteries was improved by increasing the amount of solid electrolyte in the cathode.
Feasible engineering of cathode electrolyte interphase enables the profoundly improved electrochemical properties in dual-ion battery

Dual-ion battery (DIB) composed of graphite cathode and lithium anode is regarded as an advanced secondary battery because of the low cost, high working voltage and environmental friendliness. However, DIB operated at high potential (usually ≥ 4.5 V versus Li+/Li) is confronted with severe challenges including electrolyte decomposition on cathode interface, and structural deterioration of graphite accompanying with anions de-/intercalation, hinder its cyclic life. To address those drawbacks and preserve the DIB virtues, a feasible and scalable surface modification is achieved for the commercial graphite cathode of mesocarbon microbead. In/ex-situ studies reveal that, such an interfacial engineering facilitates and reconstructs the formation of chemically stable cathode electrolyte interphase with better flexibility alleviating the decomposition of electrolyte, regulating the anions de-/intercalation behavior in graphite with the retainment of structural integrity and without exerting considerable influence on kinetics of anions diffusion. As a result, the modified mesocarbon microbead exhibits a much-extended cycle life with high capacity retention of 82.3% even after 1000 cycles. This study demonstrates that the interface modification of electrode and coating skeleton play important roles on DIB performance improvement, providing the feasible basis for practical application of DIB owing to the green and scalable coating procedures.
A new catalyst for urea oxidation: NiCo_2S_4 nanowires modified 3D carbon sponge

Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is a new kind of fuel cell employing urea as fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant which possesses a larger cell voltage. Herein, this work tries to promote the kinetics process of urea oxidation by preparing low-cost and high-efficient NiCo_2S_4 nanowires modified carbon sponge electrode. The carbon sponge used in this work with a similar three-dimensional multi-channel structure to Ni foam, is prepared by carbonizing recycled polyurethane sponge which is also a process of recycling waste. The performance of the prepared catalyst in an alkaline solution is investigated in a three-electrode system. With the introduction of Co element to the catalyst, a reduced initial urea oxidation potential and a high performance are obtained. Furthermore, a direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is assembled using the NiCo_2S_4 nanowires modified carbon sponge anode. Results indicate that the prepared catalyst provides a chance to solve the current problems that hinder the development of urea electrooxidation (high initial urea oxidation potential, low performance, and high electrode costs).
High-loading Co-doped NiO nanosheets on carbon-welded carbon nanotube framework enabling rapid charge kinetic for enhanced supercapacitor performance

Developing high power and energy supercapacitors (SCs) is a long-pursued goal for the application in transportation and energy storage station. Herein, a rationally-designed Co-doped nickel oxide nanosheets@carbon-welded carbon nanotube foam (Co-doped NiO@WCNTF) as freestanding electrode is successfully prepared for high power and energy SCs. The WCNTF framework with high specific surface area provides three dimensional highly conductive network for fast charge transport and ensures high loading of active materials (9.2 mg/cm~2). Moreover, porous Co-doped NiO nanosheets uniformly anchored on the WCNTF framework enable rapid charge kinetics due to the high intrinsic conductivity of Co-doped NiO nanosheets and their good contact with conductive WCNTF substrate. As a result, the unique integrated electrode with 3D architecture exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 11.45 F/cm~2 at 5 mA/cm~2, outstanding rate capability (11.45 F/cm~2 at 5 mA/cm~2 and a capacitance retention of 86.2% at 30 mA/cm~2) and good cycling stability, suggesting great potential for high performance supercapacitor.
Visualizing the importance of oxide-metal phase transitions in the production of synthesis gas over Ni catalysts

Synthesis gas, composed of H_2 and CO, is an important fuel which serves as feedstock for industrially relevant processes, such as methanol or ammonia synthesis. The efficiency of these reactions depends on the H_2: CO ratio, which can be controlled by a careful choice of reactants and catalyst surface chemistry. Here, using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and online mass spectrometry, direct visualization of the surface chemistry of a Ni catalyst during the production of synthesis gas was achieved for the first time. The insertion of a homebuilt quartz tube reactor in the modified ESEM chamber was key to success of the setup. The nature of chemical dynamics was revealed in the form of reversible oxide-metal phase transitions and surface transformations which occurred on the performing catalyst. The oxide-metal phase transitions were found to control the production of synthesis gas in the temperature regime between 700 and 900 °C in an atmosphere relevant for dry reforming of methane (DRM, CO_2: CH_4 =0.75). This was confirmed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and C_(18)O_2 labelled experiments. Our dedicated operando approach of simultaneously studying the surface processes of a catalyst and its activity allowed to uncover how phase transitions can steer catalytic reactions.
Systematic approaches to improving the performance of polyoxometalates in non-aqueous redox flow batteries

Polyoxometalates have been explored as multi-electron active species in both aqueous and non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Although non-aqueous systems in principle offer a wider voltage window for redox flow battery operation, realization of this potential requires a judicious choice of solvent as well as polyoxometalate properties. We demonstrate here the superior performance of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) compared to acetonitrile as a solvent for redox flow batteries based on Li_3PMo_(12)O_(40). This compound displays two 1-electron transfers in acetonitrile but can access an extra quasi-reversible 2-electron redox process in DMF. A cell containing 10 mM solution of Li_3PMo_(12)O_(40) in DMF produced a cell voltage of 0.7 V with 2-electron transfers (State of Charge = 60%) and showed a good cyclability. As a means to boost energy density, operation of the redox flow battery at a higher concentration of 0.1 M Li_3PMo_(12)O_(40) produced cells with cell voltage of 0.6 V in acetonitrile and a cell voltage of 1.0 V in DMF; both showed excellent coulombic efficiencies of more than 90% over the course of 30 cycles. Energy density was also increased by employing an asymmetric cell with different polyoxometalates on each side to extend cell voltage. Li6P2W18O62 exhibited 3 quasi-reversible 2-electron transfers in the potential range between –2.05 V and –0.5 V vs. Ag/Ag~+. 10 mM Li_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/Li_3PMo_(12)O_(40) in DMF produced a cell with cell voltage of 1.3 V involving 4-electron transfers (State of Charge = 50%) with coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% and energy efficiency of nearly 70% throughout the test with more than 20 cycles. These promising results demonstrate proof-of-concept approaches to improving the performance of polyoxometalates in non-aqueous redox flow batteries.
Ligand engineering of colloid quantum dots and their application in all-inorganic tandem solar cells

How to effectively utilize the energy of the broad spectrum of sunlight is one of the basic problems in the research of tandem solar cells. Due to their size effect, quantum confinement effect and coupling effect, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit new physical properties that bulk materials don't possess. CdX (X = Se, S, etc.) and PbX (X = Se, S, etc.) QDs prepared by hot-injection methods have been widely studied in the areas of photovolitaic devices. However, the surfactants surrounding QDs seriously hinder the charge transport of QDs based solar cells. Therefore, how to fabricate high-performance tandem solar cells via ligands engineering has become a major challenge. In this paper, the latest progress of colloidal QDs in the research of all-inorganic tandem solar cells was summarized. Firstly, the improvement of QDs surface ligands and the optimization of ligands engineering were discussed, and the control of the physical properties of QDs films were realized. From the aspects of colloidal QDs, ligand engineering, and solar cell preparation, the future development direction of colloidal QDs solar cells was proposed, providing technical guidances for the preparation of low-cost and high-efficiency nanocrystalline solar cells.
Hierarchically porous, ultrathin N–doped carbon nanosheets embedded with highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles as efficient sulfur host for stable lithium–sulfur batteries

The sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides intermediate primarily restrict the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. To address this issue, rational design of high–efficiency sulfur host is increasingly demanded to accelerate the polysulfides conversion during charge/discharge process. Herein, we propose a macro–mesoporous sulfur host (Co@NC), which comprises highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedding in N–doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets. Co@NC is simply synthesized via a carbon nitride–derived pyrolysis approach. Owing to the highly conductive graphene–like matrix and well defined porous structure, the designed multifunctional Co@NC host enables rapid electron/ion transport, electrolyte penetration and effective sulfur trapping. More significantly, N heteroatoms and homogeneous Co nanocatalysts in the graphitic carbon nanosheets could serve as chemisorption sites as well as electrocatalytic centers for sulfur species. These Co–N active sites can synergistically facilitate the redox conversion kinetics and mitigate the shuttling of polysulfides, thus leading to improved electrochemical cycling performance of Li–S batteries. As a consequence, the S/Co@NC cathode demonstrates high initial specific capacity (1505 mA h g~(–1) at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability at 1 C over 300 cycles, giving rise to a capacity retention of 91.7% and an average capacity decline of 0.03% cycle~(–1).
Micrometer-sized ferrosilicon composites wrapped with multi-layered carbon nanosheets as industrialized anodes for high energy lithium-ion batteries

Various nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated to be effective to address the issues of high capacity Si anodes. However, the scale-up of these nano-Si materials is still a critical obstacle for commercialization. Herein, we use industrial ferrosilicon as low-cost Si source and introduce a facile and scalable method to fabricate a micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C composite anode, in which ferrosilicon microparticles are wrapped with multi-layered carbon nanosheets. The multi-layered carbon nanosheets could effectively buffer the volume variation of Si as well as create an abundant and reliable conductivity framework, ensuring fast transport of electrons. As a result, the micrometer-sized ferrosilicon/C anode achieves a stable cycling with 805.9 mAh g~(–1) over 200 cycles at 500 mA g~(–1) and a good rate capability of 455.6 mAh g~(–1) at 10 A g~(–1). Therefore, our approach based on ferrosilicon provides a new opportunity in fabricating cost-effective, pollution-free, and large-scale Si electrode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries.