mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Lateral bipolar photoresistance effect in the CIGS heterojunction and its application in position sensitive detector and memory device

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based multilayer heterojunction, as one of the best high efficiency thin film solar cells, has attracted great interest due to its outstanding features. However, the present studies are primarily focused on the structure optimization and modulation in order to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Here, we exploit another application of this multilayer heterostructure in photoresistance-modulated position sensitive detector by introducing lateral photoresistance effect. The lateral photoresistance measurements show that this multilayer heterojunction exhibits a wide spectral response (~330 to ~1150 nm) and excellent bipolar photoresistance performances (position sensitivity of ~63.26 X/mm and nonlinearity <4.5%), and a fast response speed (rise and fall time of ~14.46 and ~14.42 ms, respectively). More importantly, based on the lateral photoresistance effect, the CIGS heterostructure may also be developed as a position-dependent resistance memory device, which can be modulated by changing laser intensity, wavelength, and bias voltage with excellent stability and repeatability, and the position resolution reaches up to 1 lm. These results can be well explained by considering the diffusion and the drift model of carriers in the CIGS multilayer heterojunction. This work provides a new approach of achieving novel photoelectric sensors and memory devices based on the traditional photovoltaic heterostructures.
DMF stabilized Li3N slurry for manufacturing self-prelithiatable lithium-ion capacitors

Li3N is an excellent zero-residue positive electrode pre-lithiation additive to offset the initial lithium loss in lithium-ion capacitors. However, Li3N has an intrinsic problem of poor compatibility with commonly used aprotic polar solvents in electrode manufacture procedure due to its high reactivity with commonly used solvents like N-methy-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and etc. It is the Valley of Death between research and large-scale commercialization of Li-ion capacitors using Li3N as prelithiation agent. In this work, Li3N containing electrode is prepared by a commercially adoptable route for the first time, using N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) to homogenate the electrode slurry. The DMF molecular stabilizing mechanism is confirmed via experiment analysis and DFT simulation, indicating that the dehydrogenation energy for DMF is obviously larger than other commonly used solvents such as NMP and etc. The soft package lithium-ion capacitors (LIC250) with only 12 wt% Li3N addition in AC positive electrode exhibits excellent rate capability, cyclic stability and ultrahigh specific energy. Its specific energy is 2.3 times higher than the Li3N-free devices, with energy retention as high as 90% after 10,000 cycles.
18% Efficiency organic solar cells

In 1995, Yu et al. [1] first reported bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene acceptor as the active materials. From then on, BHJ organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 17% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been achieved in the state-of-the-art OSCs [2,3]. The remarkable progress in OSCs relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies, and the understanding on film morphology and device physics [4,5].
Interface-enhanced organic solar cells with extrapolated T80 lifetimes of over 20 years

With recent advances in the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on novel donor and non-fullerene acceptor(NFAs), improving the stability of these systems has become the most important issue for their practical applications. Herein, an efficient and highly stable OSC, containing a novel polymer donor and a non-fullerene acceptor system, is reported. The OSC is based on an inverted device structure that utilizes a self-assembled fullerene monolayer(C60-SAM) as the cathode modification layer, and an efficient and highly stable OSC composes of a polymer donor of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothie-no[3,4-b]thiophene-2-c arboxylate](PTB7-Th) and a non-fullerene acceptor of(2,20-((2Z,20Z)-(((4,4,9,9-Tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)- 4,9-dihydro-sindaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-((2ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene-5,2-diyl)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene -2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile)(IEICO-4F) is presented, showing a PCE of 10%. It further achieves an extrapolated T_(80) lifetime(the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of 34,000 h, operating under one sun illumination equivalent. Based on an estimated solar irradiance of 1500 kWh/(m~2 year) for China, a potential lifetime of 22 years is inferred for the OSC. Further investigation reveals that the reported C60-SAM modification stabilizes the OSC active layer morphology by lowering the surface energy of the underlying ZnO electron transport layer and suppressing trap-assisted recombination, thereby improving photostability. The results of this work establish important guidelines for the development of non-fullerene based OSCs with enhanced stability and pave the way for the commercialization of OSC technology.
Hybrid electrolyte for advanced rechargeable batteries

A conventional design of each rechargeable lithium-ion battery contains a cathode and an anode with an electrolyte that transfers Li-ions inside the battery. The electrochemically stable potential window of the electrolyte determines the maximum voltage of the battery, thus limiting a variety of choices for electrode materials [1]. A hybrid electrolyte strategy has been smartly proposed to break the routine of a single electrolyte, where the catholyte and anolyte are isolated with a Li-ion exchange membrane. This strategy effectively ensures both electrodes reactions conduct in their corresponding electrolyte within the electrolyte stability window (Fig. 1a). Li et al. [2] initiated the concept of hybrid electrolyte rechargeable battery that aqueous catholyte and organic anolyte were separated by a superionic conductor glass ceramic film (LISICON). Following this, the hybrid electrolyte system was further extended to a series of prototype batteries, such as Li-air, Li-S, Li-Cu metal, Li-AgO and Li-redox flow batteries, et al. [3–7]. Moreover, hybrid electrolytes have also been configured with a rigid inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) and a rationally engineered interfacial with solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) or liquid electrolytes, to effectively overcome the high interfacial resistance between SSEs and electrodes [8]. In spite of many advantages brought by hybrid electrolytes, the stiff and expensive properties of commonly used LISICON separator impede its practical application.
Semitransparent polymer solar cells with 12.37% efficiency and 18.6% average visible transmittance

A series of opaque and semitransparent polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated with PM6:Y6 as active layers, and 100 nm Al or 1 nm Au/(20, 15, 10 nm) Ag layer as electrode, respectively. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of opaque PSCs arrives to 15.83% based on the optimized active layer with a thickness of 100 nm, resulting from the well-balanced photon harvesting and charge collection. Meanwhile, the 100 nm PM6:Y6 blend film exhibits a 50.5% average visible transmittance (AVT), which has great potential in preparing efficient semitransparent PSCs. The semitransparent electrodes were fabricated with 1 nm Au and different thick Ag layers, exhibiting a relatively high transmittance in visible light range and relatively low transmittance in near infrared range. The PCE and AVT of the semitransparent PSCs can be adjusted from 14.20% to 12.37% and from 8.9% to 18.6% along with Ag layer thickness decreasing from 20 to 10 nm, respectively, which are impressive values among the reported semitransparent PSCs.
Global trends in water and sediment fluxes of the world’s large rivers

Water and sediment transport from rivers to oceans is of primary importance in global geochemical cycle.Against the background of global change,this study examines the changes in water and sediment fluxes and their drivers for 4307 large rivers worldwide (basin area ≥1000 km~2) based on the longest available records.Here we find that 24% of the world’s large rivers experienced significant changes in water flux and 40% in sediment flux,most notably declining trends in water and sediment fluxes in Asia’s large rivers and an increasing trend in suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River.In particular,nine binary patterns of changes in water-sediment fluxes are interpreted in terms of climate change and human impacts.The change of precipitation is found significantly correlated to the change of water flux in 71% of the world’s large rivers,while dam operation and irrigation rather control the change of sediment flux in intensively managed catchments.Globally,the annual water flux from rivers to sea of the recent years remained stable compared with the long-time average annual value,while the sediment flux has decreased by 20.8%.
Polyaniline-TiO_2 composite photocatalysts for light-driven hexavalent chromium ions reduction

In order to develop efficient photocatalysts, great efforts have been made to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The photocatalytic efficiency of this reduction depends largely on the adsorption and diffusion of hexavalent chromium ions on the surface of the photocatalyst. In this paper, polyaniline-TiO_2 composite can effectively improve the photocatalytic reduction performance and stability of hexavalent chromium ion. The effect of polyaniline (PANI) thickness on Cr(VI) activity and stability of photocatalytic reduction was studied by adjusting the content of PANI on Mesoporous TiO_2 (MT) surface. Under the irradiation conditions, the reaction results showed that the reduction rate was 100%, and the maximum reaction rate reached 0.62 min~(-1) when the PANI modification was 3.0%. Moreover, the results showed that the reduction performance remained 100% after ten cycles. The main reason is that the PANI modified on the surface of TiO_2 is rich in positively charged amino group, which can efficiently adsorb the reactant Cr(VI), and make the product Cr(III) leave the reaction interface quickly, thus ensuring the performance of photocatalyst.
Room-temperature reduction of NO_2 in a Li-NO_2 battery:a proof of concept

Although considerable effort has been devoted to purifying nitrogen oxides (NO_x),it is still challenging to effectively reduce NO_x at room temperature and ambient pressure without catalysts.In this study,as a proof-of-concept,we have for the first time demonstrated the room-temperature reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO_2) using a rechargeable lithium-nitrogen dioxide (Li-NO_2) battery.The battery shows a capacity of 884 mAh g~(-1) at 50 mA g~(-1) (an actual energy density of 666 Wh kg~(-1)) and a promising electrochemical Faraday efficiency (FE) of 67%.The unique properties of Li-NO_2 rechargeable batteries not only provide a way to reduce and recycle NO_2 but also highlight the potential of oxidative air pollutants as energy sources for next-generation electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems.
Oscillatory-like expansion of a Fermionic superfluid

We study the expansion behaviors of a Fermionic superfluid in a cigar-shaped optical dipole trap for the whole BEC-BCS crossover and various temperatures.At low temperature (0:06(1)T_F),the atom cloud undergoes an anisotropic hydrodynamic expansion over 30 ms,which behaves like oscillation in the horizontal plane.By analyzing the expansion dynamics according to the superfluid hydrodynamic equation,the effective polytropic indexc γ of Equation-of-State (EoS) of Fermionic superfluid is extracted.Thec γ values show a non-monotonic behavior over the BEC-BCS crossover,and have a good agreement with the theoretical results in the unitarity and BEC side.The normalized quasi-frequencies of the oscillatory expansion are measured,which drop significantly from the BEC side to the BCS side and reach a minimum value of 1.73 around 1=k_Fa = -0:25.Our work improves the understanding of the dynamic properties of strongly interacting Fermi gas.
Probing the active sites of site-specific nitrogen doping in metal-free graphdiyne for electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions

The development of highly active and low-cost catalysts for electrochemical reactions is one of the most attractive topics in the renewable energy technology.Herein,the site-specific nitrogen doping of graphdiyne (GDY) including grap-N,sp-N(I) and sp-N(II) GDY is systematically investigated as metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalysts via density functional theory (DFT).Our results indicate that the doped nitrogen atom can significantly improve the oxygen (O_2) adsorption activity of GDY through activating its neighboring carbon atoms.The free-energy landscape is employed to describe the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both O_2 dissociation and association mechanisms.It is revealed that the association mechanism can provide higher ORR onset potential than dissociation mechanism on most of the substrates.Especially,sp-N(II) GDY exhibits the highest ORR electrocatalytic activity through increasing the theoretical onset potential to 0.76 V.This work provides an atomic-level insight for the electrochemical ORR mechanism on metal-free N-doped GDY.
A useful approach to sensitivity and predictability studies in geophysical fluid dynamics:conditional non-linear optimal perturbation

In atmospheric and oceanic studies,it is important to investigate the uncertainty of model solutions.The conditional non-linear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method is useful for addressing the uncertainty.This paper reviews the development of the CNOP method and its computational aspects in recent years.Specifically,the CNOP method was first proposed to investigate the effects of the optimal initial perturbation on atmosphere and ocean model results.Then,it was extended to explore the influences of the optimal parameter perturbation,model tendency perturbation and boundary condition perturbation.To obtain solutions to these optimal perturbations,four kinds of optimization approaches were developed:the adjoint-based method,the adjoint-free method,the intelligent optimization method and the unconstrained optimization method.We illustrate the calculation process of each method and its advantages and disadvantages.Then,taking the Zebiak-Cane model as an example,we compare the CNOPs related to initial conditions (CNOP-Is) calculated by the above four methods.It was found that the dominant structures of the CNOP-Is for different methods are similar,although some differences in details exist.Finally,we discuss the necessity and possible direction for designing amore effective optimization approach related to the CNOP in the future.
Scalable and safer printed Zn//MnO_2 planar micro-batteries for smart electronics

The rapidly growing field of miniaturized smart electronics has forced us to search for compatible microscale power sourceswith reliable electrochemical performance,various form factors,manufacturing scalability,and safety.Among the several power sources reported to date,planar micro-batteries,which are characterized by geometrical superiority over simple-stacked ones,have recently garnered considerable attention due to the simpleminiaturization,facile serial/parallel integration,mechanical flexibility,and removal of conventional separator membranes.Lithium-based thin-film micro-batteries have been extensively investigated;however,the complex manufacturing processes and flammable organic electrolyteinduced safety concerns pose a formidable barrier to their practical applications.To address this issue,aqueous-based non-lithium planar micro-batteries are suggested as a promising alternative beyond the aforementioned lithium-based ones.They can be fabricated through various printing techniques including inkjet,screen,gravure,and 3D printing.
Scalable fabrication of printed Zn//MnO_2 planar micro-batteries with high volumetric energy density and exceptional safety

The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance,applicable scalability,and exceptional safety,but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry.Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based,high-safety Zn//MnO_2 MBs,with outstanding performance,aesthetic diversity,flexibility and modularization,is demonstrated,based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO_2 ink as cathode,with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector,fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique.The planar separator-free Zn//MnO_2 MBs,tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte,deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm~3 (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm~3,and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm~3,outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm~3).Furthermore,our Zn//MnO_2 MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C,which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO_2 batteries previously reported.Also,Zn//MnO_2 planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation,and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output.Therefore,low-cost,environmentally benign Zn//MnO_2 MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy,safe,scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics.
Giant magnetic field from moire induced Berry phase in homobilayer semiconductors

When quasiparticles move in condensed matters,the texture of their internal quantum structure as a function of position and momentum can give rise to Berry phases that have profound effects on the material’s properties.Seminal examples include the anomalous Hall and spin Hall effects from the momentum-space Berry phases in homogeneous crystals.Here,we explore a conjugate form of the electron Berry phase arising from the moire pattern:the texture of atomic configurations in real space.In homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides,we show that the real-space Berry phase from moire patterns manifests as a periodic magnetic field with magnitudes of up to hundreds of Tesla.This quantity distinguishes moire patterns from different origins,which can have an identical potential landscape,but opposite quantized magnetic flux per supercell.For low-energy carriers,the homobilayer moires realize topological flux lattices for the quantum-spin Hall effect.An interlayer bias can continuously tune the spatial profile of the moiremagnetic field,whereas the flux per supercell is a topological quantity that can only have a quantized jump observable at a moderate bias.We also reveal the important role of the non-Abelian Berry phase in shaping the energy landscape in small moire patterns.Our work points to new possibilities to access ultra-high magnetic fields that can be tailored to the nanoscale by electrical and mechanical controls.
Stop-and-go waves induced by correlated noise in pedestrian models without inertia

Stop-and-go waves are commonly observed in traffic and pedestrian flows. In most microscopic traffic models, they occur through a phase transition and instability of the homogeneous solution after fine tuning of parameters. Inertia effects are believed to play an important role in this mechanism. In this article, we present a novel explanation for stop-and-go waves based on stochastic effects in the absence of inertia. The model used is a first order optimal velocity (OV) model including an additive stochastic noise. A power spectral analysis for single-file pedestrian trajectories highlights the existence of Brownian speed residuals. We use the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to describe such a correlated noise. The introduction of this specific colored noise in the first order OV model allows describing realistic stop-and-go behavior without requiring instabilities or phase transitions, the homogeneous configurations being systematically stochastically stable. We compare the stochastic model to deterministic unstable OV models and analyze individual speed autocorrelation to describe the nature of the waves in stationary states. We apply the approach to pedestrian single-file motion and compare simulation results to real pedestrian trajectories. The simulation results are quantitatively very similar to the real trajectories. We discuss plausible values for the model parameters and their meaning.
State of charge estimation by finite difference extended Kalman filter with HPPC parameters identification

State of charge (SOC) is a key parameter of lithium-ion battery.In this paper,a finite difference extended Kalman filter (FDEKF) with Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) parameters identification is proposed to estimate the SOC.The finite difference (FD) algorithm is benefit to compute the partial derivative of nonlinear function,which can reduce the linearization error generated by the extended Kalman filter (EKF).The FDEKF algorithm can reduce the computational load of controller in engineering practice without solving the Jacobian matrix.It is simple of dynamic model of lithium-ion battery to adopt a secondorder resistor-capacitor (2RC) network,the parameters of which are identified by the HPPC.Two conditions,both constant current discharge (CCD) and urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS),are utilized to validate the FDEKF algorithm.Comparing convergence rate and accuracy between the FDEKF and the EKF algorithm,it can be seen that the former is a better candidate to estimate the SOC.
Atmospheric deposition of ~7Be,~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po during typhoons and thunderstorm in Shanghai,China and global data synthesis

Atmospherically-delivered ~7Be,~(210)Po and ~(210)Pb in bulk precipitation and air samples collected around the globe have provided valuable quantification on the rates of removal,as well as proportional mixing of attendant air masses;however,such studies during thunderstorm and typhoon events are limited.We report the first continuous time-series rainwater sampling and analysis of ~7Be,~(210)Pb and ~(210)Po from two typhoons and one thunderstorm during 2015 summer in Shanghai.The depositional fluxes within individual rain events of typhoons and thunderstorms varied by a factor of 10 for ~7Be,5.7 for ~(210)Pb,7.4 for ~(210)Po,and 7.0 for ~7Be/~(210)Pb activity ratios (AR).Such large observed variations in the depositional fluxes of ~7Be,~(210)Pb,~(210)Po and ~7Be/~(210)Pb activity ratios were attributed to air masses injected from surrounding high pressure system adjoining the typhoon to low pressure system within the typhoon.Based on ~7Be/~(210)Pb activity ratios,we estimated the variations in the fraction of maritime and continental air masses into the typhoon.Observed constancy in the ~(210)Po/~(210)Pb AR indicates that the residence times of air masses contributing to the typhoon during heavy rain are similar.From a synthesis of global fallout of ~7Be and ~(210)Pb during pulse events (precipitation≥50 mm from single rainout event),we quantify the importance of pulse events in the atmospheric fallout of these radionuclides.