mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Joint 2D-DOA and polarization estimation for sparse nonuniform rectangular array composed of spatially spread electromagnetic vector sensor

In this paper, a sparse nonuniform rectangular array based on spatially spread electromagnetic vector sensor(SNRASSEMVS) is introduced, and a method for estimating 2D-direction of arrival(DOA) and polarization is devised. Firstly, according to the special structure of the sparse nonuniform rectangular array(SNRA), a set of accurate but ambiguous direction-cosine estimates can be obtained. Then the steering vector of spatially spread electromagnetic vector sensor(SSEMVS) can be extracted from the array manifold to obtain the coarse but unambiguous direction-cosine estimates. Finally, the disambiguation approach can be used to get the final accurate estimates of 2DDOA and polarization. Compared with some existing methods, the SNRA configuration extends the spatial aperture and refines the parameters estimation accuracy without adding any redundant antennas, as well as reduces the mutual coupling effect. Moreover, the proposed algorithm resolves multiple sources without the priori knowledge of signal information, suffers no ambiguity in the estimation of the Poynting vector, and pairs the x-axis direction cosine with the y-axis direction cosine automatically. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Automatic fuzzy-DBSCAN algorithm for morphological and overlapping datasets

Clustering is one of the unsupervised learning problems. It is a procedure which partitions data objects into groups. Many algorithms could not overcome the problems of morphology, overlapping and the large number of clusters at the same time. Many scientific communities have used the clustering algorithm from the perspective of density, which is one of the best methods in clustering. This study proposes a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN) algorithm based on the selected high-density areas by automatic fuzzy-DBSCAN(AFD) which works with the initialization of two parameters. AFD, by using fuzzy and DBSCAN features, is modeled by the selection of high-density areas and generates two parameters for merging and separating automatically. The two generated parameters provide a state of sub-cluster rules in the Cartesian coordinate system for the dataset. The model overcomes the problems of clustering such as morphology, overlapping, and the number of clusters in a dataset simultaneously. In the experiments, all algorithms are performed on eight data sets with 30 times of running. Three of them are related to overlapping real datasets and the rest are morphologic and synthetic datasets. It is demonstrated that the AFD algorithm outperforms other recently developed clustering algorithms.
In situ synthesis of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles confined in 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst

The rational exploitation of non-precious metal catalyst with high activity,strong durability and low cost for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of vital importance for metalair batteries.Herein,a composite of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles confined in three-dimensional (3D) N-doped porous carbon (Co-NpCs) was prepared by a simple freeze-drying and in situ pyrolysis method.The effect of different dosages of Co(NO_3)_2 on the catalytic performance was discussed.The Co-NpC-12% exhibits the best catalytic performance (E_(1/2) =0.78 V,better stability than 20% Pt/C) in ORR and in OER among all the as-synthesized samples.Furthermore,it also exhibits the best bifunctional activity (∆E = 0.849 V).The excellent properties of Co-NpCs are mainly due to the synergy between Co_3O_4 and carbon.Firstly,a high Co_3O_4 loading amount can boost the defect level of the N-doped hierarchical porous carbon and expose more active sites.Secondly,the unique in situ pyrolysis guarantees a large-area contact between Co_3O_4 and carbon as well as a strong C-O-Co bonding,which promotes charge transfer,avoids the peeling of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles and effectively improves the stability of the material.This work is expected to offer a feasible strategy to produce metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite and push forward the development of bifunctional electrocatalyst with high activity and stability.
Recent progress on FeS_2 as anodes for metal-ion batteries

The ever-growing demand for advanced battery technologies with high energy and power density, high security, prolonged cycle life, and sustainably low cost requires the development of novel electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), as well as the alternative electrochemical energy storage technologies of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) for their abundant alkali metal elements resources. Among various anode materials, such as graphite, organic compounds, metal oxides, and chalcogenides, iron sulfides have attracted substantial interests for their high theoretical capacity and low price. Specifically, as a common mineral that has been already applied as electrode for primary battery, ferrous disulfide(FeS_2) has been regarded as one of the promising candidate anode materials and studied widely. Unfortunately, there are some inherent problems handicapping its practical application for alkali-ion batteries, including limited ionic/electrical conductivity, the formation of soluble polysulfides, and large volume change. In the last decade, massive efforts have been devoted to solving those problems. In this review, the various synthesis strategies, the effect of morphologies and particle sizes, the energy storage mechanisms, and the electrochemical performances of FeS_2 as anode for alkaliion batteries(LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) are summarized. Furthermore, the existing challenges and prospects of the development of FeS2-based anode materials for alkali-ion batteries are presented at last.
Cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are a new type of drug for the treatment of diabetes, and they have been proven to have a good hypoglycemic effect. Several lines of clinical evidence have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can significantly reduce the risks of atherosclerosis, hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Because of the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the heart and kidney, they are being studied for the treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary for cardiologists, patients with diabetes, and nephrologists to fully understand this type of drug. In this review, we summarize the following three aspects of SGLT2 inhibitors: the recent clinical evidence of their cardiovascular benefits, their mechanisms of action, and their safety.
Amphiphilic peptide dendrimer-based nanovehicles for safe and effective siRNA delivery

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based RNA interference has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of incurable diseases. However, the safe and effective delivery of siRNA therapeutics into the interior of target cells remains challenging. Here, we disclosed novel amphiphilic peptide dendrimers (AmPDs) that composed of hydrophobic two lipid-like alkyl chains and hydrophilic poly(lysine) dendrons with different generations (2C_(18)-KK_2 and 2C_(18)-KK_2K_4) as nanovehicles for siRNA delivery. These AmPDs are able to self-assemble into supramolecular nanoassemblies that are capable of entrapping siRNA molecules into nanoparticles to protect siRNA from enzymatic degradation and promote efficient intracellular uptake without evident toxicity. Interestingly, by virtue of the optimal balance of hydrophobic lipid-like entity and hydrophilic poly(lysine) dendron generations, AmPD 2C_(18)-KK_2K_4 bearing bigger hydrophilic dendron can package siRNA to form stable, but more ready to disassemble complexes, thereby resulting in more efficient siRNA releasing and better gene silencing effect in comparison with AmPD 2C_(18)-KK_2 bearing smaller dendron. Additional studies confirmed that 2C_(18)-KK_2K_4 can capitalize on the advantages of lipid and peptide dendrimer vectors for effective siRNA delivery. Collectively, our AmPD-based nanocarriers indeed represent a safe and effective siRNA delivery system. Our findings also provide a new perspective on the modulation of selfassembly amphiphilic peptide dendrimers for the functional and adaptive delivery of siRNA therapeutics.
Profile and development of microsatellite primers for Acanthogobius ommaturus based on high-throughput sequencing technology

Acanthogobius ommaturus, a fish species of the Family Gobiidae, is a marine commercial fish perched on the bottom of seawater. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to obtain the candidate microsatellite markers of A. ommaturus. A total of 4 746 microsatellite-rich fragments were found, of which 4 542 microsatellites are with primer fragments, containing 971 dinucleotide sequences, 2 643 trinucleotide sequences, 569 tetranucleotide sequences, 406 pentanucleotide sequences, and 212 hexanucleotide sequences. Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, a total of 141 pairs of the microsatellite primers were designed and screened. And then 24 polymorphic primers were finally obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In total, 271 alleles were detected in the 24 pairs of primers. The number of alleles for different primers ranged from 5 to 19. The average number of effective alleles (N_a) was 11.292; the average observed heterozygosity (H_o) of the 24 pairs of primers was 0.665, the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.880, and the average polymorphic information content was 0.846. All sites were highly polymorphic (PIC>0.50).
Spatio-temporal variation of subtidal macrobenthic fauna and the ecological assessment of Longkou Artificial Island construction in Bohai Sea, China

To evaluate the status and changes of macrobenthic communities related to the construction of the Longkou Artificial Island (LAI) in the Bohai Sea, China, four annual surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2013. Significant changes on environmental variations and macrobenthic communities were observed in 2013 after the LAI construction a couple of years later. The changing environment was primarily presented by lower values of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic material (OM) percentage, and higher salinity, suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration and oil concentration. The main dominant species shifted from Polychaeta taxa in 2010 to Mollusca taxa in 2013 due to the changes of environmental variables. An apparent miniaturization tendency in body size of macrobenthic species was presented from 2010 to 2013. The biodiversity indices increased yearly from 2010 to 2013. However, inter-site homogenization was observed in both the community structure and health status. Multivariate AZTI Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI) analysis showed that the health status of stations changed depending on its original status and distance to the LAI. However, no significant differences were found in the spatial distribution of either environmental variables or abundance, biomass and biodiversity of macrobenthic communities. All the results will provide a basis for the long-term ecological assessment of reclamation.
Projections of changes in marine environment in coastal China seas over the 21~(st) century based on CMIP5 models

The increases of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have caused fundamental changes to the physical and biogeochemical properties of the oceans, and it will continue to occur in the foreseeable future. Based on the outputs of nine Earth System Models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), in this study, we provided a synoptic assessment of future changes in the sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), seawater pH, and marine net primary productivity (NPP) in the coastal China seas over the 21~(st) century. The results show that the mid-high latitude areas of the coastal China seas (East China Seas (ECS), including the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea) will be simultaneously exposed to enhanced warming, deoxygenation, acidification, and decreasing NPP as a consequence of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The magnitudes of the changes will increase as the greenhouse gas concentrations increase. Under the high emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5), the ECS will experience an SST increase of 3.24±1.23°C, a DO concentration decrease of 10.90±3.92 μmol/L (decrease of 6.3%), a pH decline of 0.36±0.02, and a NPP reduction of -17.7±6.2 mg/(m 2 ·d) (decrease of 12.9%) relative to the current levels (1980–2005) by the end of this century. The co-occurrence of these changes and their cascade effects are expected to induce considerable biological and ecological responses, thereby making the ECS among the most vulnerable ocean areas to future climate change. Despite high uncertainties, our results have important implications for regional marine assessments.
Identification of adrafinil and its main metabolite modafinil in human hair.Self-administration study and interpretation of an authentic case

For several years,the misuse of stimulant substances is increasingly observed both in the field of sport,to improve the functions of the body and therefore to be more performant,and also by non-athletes to make life more tolerable on a daily basis.Adrafinil,2-((diphenylmethyl) sulfinyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide,is a drug designed for the treatment of narcolepsy by promoting an awakened state,and to treat alertness and neurological symptoms in the elderly.It is primarily metabolized in vivo to an active form,i.e.modafinil,2-((diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl) acetamide.The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned these two drugs in sports in 2004.The authors report an authentic case involving adrafinil and modafinil.The laboratory was requested to test for adrafinil in a hair strand collected from a woman found in possession of vials of adrafinil and suspected of trafficking.A specific method was developed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Unlike modafinil (varying from 6.8 to 13.9ng/mg),adrafinil was not identified in the strand.The interpretation of the results was difficult because this is the first case describing human hair analysis.In order to be able to interpret the results,a self-administration study was conducted after an oral administration to a volunteer (200 mg) whose beard hair was collected 10 days after administration.The analysis of this specimen highlighted the presence of adrafinil at 0.8 ng/mg and modafinil at 0.5 ng/mg.These results demonstrate the dual identification of both compounds after a single consumption,even after administration of a low dose.According to these results,the analysis of the hair strand from the authentic case does not match with a consumption of adrafinil,in accordance with abuse of modafinil alone.Intelligence considered that this was a trafficking case of adrafinil,with no self-consumption.
Self-cleaning semiconductor heterojunction substrate: ultrasensitive detection and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation

Emerging technologies in the field of environmental remediation are becoming increasingly significant owing to the increasing demand for eliminating significant amounts of pollution in water, soil, and air. We designed and synthesized MoS_2/Fe_2O_3 heterojunction nanocomposites (NCs) as multifunctional materials that are easily separated and reused. The trace detection performance of the prepared sample was examined using bisphenol A (BPA) as the probe molecule, with limits of detection as low as 10~(-9) M; this detection limit is the lowest among all reported semiconductor substrates. BPA was subjected to rapid photocatalytic degradation by MoS_2/Fe_2O_3 NCs under ultraviolet irradiation. The highly recyclable MoS_2/Fe_2O_3 NCs exhibited photo-Fenton catalytic activity for BPA and good detection ability when reused as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate after catalysis. The SERS and photocatalysis mechanisms were proposed while considering the effects of the Z-scheme charge-transfer paths, three-dimensional flower-like structures, and dipole-dipole coupling. Moreover, the prepared MoS_2/Fe_2O_3 NCs were successfully applied in the detection of BPA in real lake water and milk samples. Herein, we present insights into the development of MoS_2/Fe_2O_3 materials, which can be used as multifunctional materials in chemical sensors and in photocatalytic wastewater treatments for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants.
Clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags for identification and authentication

The realization of truly unclonable identification and authentication tags is the key factor in protecting the global economy from an ever-increasing number of counterfeit attacks. Here, we report on the demonstration of nanoscale tags that exploit the electromechanical spectral signature as a fingerprint that is characterized by inherent randomness in fabrication processing. Benefiting from their ultraminiaturized size and transparent constituents, these clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags provide substantial immunity to physical tampering and cloning. Adaptive algorithms are developed for digital translation of the spectral signature into binary fingerprints. A large set of tags fabricated in the same batch is used to estimate the entropy of the corresponding fingerprints with high accuracy. The tags are also examined under repetitive measurements and temperature variations to verify the consistency of the fingerprints. These experiments highlight the potential of clandestine nanoelectromechanical tags for the realization of secure identification and authentication methodologies applicable to a wide range of products and consumer goods.
Single-electron detection utilizing coupled nonlinear microresonators

Since the discovery of the electron, the accurate detection of electrical charges has been a dream of the scientific community. Owing to some remarkable advantages, micro/nanoelectromechanical system-based resonators have been used to design electrometers with excellent sensitivity and resolution. Here, we demonstrate a novel ultrasensitive charge detection method utilizing nonlinear coupling in two micromechanical resonators. We achieve single-electron charge detection with a high resolution up to 0.197 ± 0.056 e/√Hz at room temperature. Our findings provide a simple strategy for measuring electron charges with extreme accuracy.
In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of mica and wolframite from the Maoping tungsten deposit,southern Jiangxi,China

The Maoping tungsten deposit is located in the Nanling W–Sn metallogenic belt in South China.Greisen and quartz vein types of mineralization developed in this deposit.Protolithionite occurs in the granite.Zinnwaldite is occurs mainly in greisen and wolframite–quartz veins whereas phengite is found in the underground quartz veinlets.In granite and greisen,protolithionite,and zinnwaldite are partly replaced by Li-phengite.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of micas and wolframite are employed to characterize the ore-forming source and evolution of ore-forming fluids.Micas show compositional variation trend in vertical directions with a decrease of W,Sn,Nb,and Ta and an increase of MgO,V,Ni,and Co.Wolframite in greisen has higher Mo,Sn,Nb,Ta,and REEs than those in quartz veins.All wolframites show similar REE patterns with enrichment of HREE.Wolframites in greisen and quartz veins have negative Eu anomalies,while wolframites in quartz veinlet display positive Eu anomalies.Compositions of mica and wolframite from different mining levels of the Maoping deposit suggest that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic hydrothermal fluids in the deep with a slight addition of meteoric water in the shallow.Brittle fractureinduced depressurization and fluid mixing controlled the evolution of ore-forming fluids and possibly lead to the wolframite deposition.
Chemical compositions of sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores,Yangla Cu deposit,Yunnan,China:implication for ore genesis

The Yangla Cu deposit is the largest ore deposit in the Jinshajiang polymetallic metallogenic belt,northwest Yunnan,China.There is no consensus on the genesis of the ore deposit owing to the limited studies on the chemical compositions of sulfides.This study used an electron probe micro-analyzer to constrain the chemical compositions of pyrite,chalcopyrite,molybdenite,and sphalerite in the porphyry Cu ore of the Yangla Cu deposit and compared them with the chemical compositions of sulfides in the skarn Cu ore.The trace element contents and their occurrences were used to estimate the metallogenic temperature and infer the genesis of the Yangla deposit.The results show that the sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores have variations of ore element concentrations relative to their theoretical values.Pyrite is depleted in S but elevated in Fe;chalcopyrite is depleted in Cu,Fe,and S;and molybdenite and sphalerite are enriched in S whilst depleted in Mo and Zn.The concentrations of the main metallogenic elements Cu,Fe,Mo,Zn,and S in the porphyry are generally lower than those in skarn,suggesting that the porphyry ore was formed in a moderate to moderate-high temperature metallogenic environment.The formation time may also be slightly later than that of the skarn Cu ore.Elements such as As,Co,Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Cd,and Ni mainly exist as isomorphic replacements and mineral inclusions in the sulfides of both porphyry and skarn Cu ores.The trace element features of sulfides in the two ore bodies show that the Yangla Cu deposit may be a composite super imposed ore deposit,and its formation has undergone the process of exhalative-sedimentary to skarnporphyry mineralization.
Mechanistic insights for efficient inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes: a synergistic interfacial adsorption and photocatalytic-oxidation process

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health, and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) or free in the environment. However, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_2/graphene oxide (GO), combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was low. Further analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp2 backbones and functional oxygen groups, which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/TiO_2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.