mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Recent advances towards single biomolecule level understanding of protein adsorption phenomena unique to nanoscale polymer surfaces with chemical variations

Protein adsorption onto polymer surfaces is a very complex and ubiquitous phenomenon whose integrated process impacts essential applications in our daily life such as food packaging materials, health devices, diagnostic tools, and medical products. Increasingly, novel polymer materials with greater chemical intricacy and reduced dimensionality are used for various applications involving adsorbed proteins on their surfaces. Hence, the nature of protein–surface interactions to consider is becoming much more complicated than before. A large body of literature exists for protein adsorption. However, most of these investigations have focused on collectively measured, ensemble-averaged protein behaviors that occur on macroscale and chemically unvarying polymer surfaces instead of direct measurements at the single protein or sub-protein level. In addition, interrogations of protein–polymer adsorption boundaries in these studies were typically carried out by indirect methods, whose insights may not be suitably applied for explaining individual protein adsorption processes occurring onto nanostructured, chemically varying polymer surfaces. Therefore, an important gap in our knowledge still exists that needs to be systematically addressed via direct measurement means at the single protein and sub-protein level. Such efforts will require multifaceted experimental and theoretical approaches that can probe multilength scales of protein adsorption, while encompassing both single proteins and their collective ensemble behaviors at the length scale spanning from the nanoscopic all the way to the macroscopic scale. In this review, key research achievements in nanoscale protein adsorption to date will be summarized. Specifically, protein adsorption studies involving polymer surfaces with their defining feature dimensions and associated chemical partitions comparable to the size of individual proteins will be discussed in detail. In this regard, recent works bridging the crucial knowledge gap in protein adsorption will be highlighted. New findings of intriguing protein surface assembly behaviors and adsorption kinetics unique to nanoscale polymer templates will be covered. Single protein and sub-protein level approaches to reveal unique nanoscale protein–polymer surface interactions and protein surface assembly characteristics will be also emphasized. Potential advantages of these research endeavors in laying out fundamentally guided design principles for practical product development will then be discussed. Lastly, important research areas still needed to further narrow the knowledge gap in nanoscale protein adsorption will be identified.
Excipient-free porphyrin/SN-38 based nanotheranostics for drug delivery and cell imaging

Nanotheranostics with comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities show exciting cancer treatment potentials.Here, we develop an excipient-free drug delivery system for cancer diagnosis as well as therapy, in which a near infra-red photosensitizer and a chemotherapeutic drug can be self-delivered without any carriers.The building block of the drug delivery system was synthesized by covalently conjugating four anticancer drugs (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin, SN-38)with a photosensitizer (porphyrin)via hydrolyzable ester linkage, which endows the drug delivery system with 100% active pharmaceutical ingredients, excellent imaging, and therapeutic functionalities.The conjugates can readily self-assemble into nanosheets (PS NSs)and remain stable for at least 20 days in aqueous solution.In PS NSs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)dominates the fluorescence of SN-38 and enables to monitor the drug release fluorescently.The PS NSs also show excellent anticancer activity in vitro, due to the increased cell uptake with the synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
Effects of sunlight on tundra nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in maritime Antarctica

The relationships of nitrous oxide (N_2O) and methane (CH_4) emissions to other environmental parameters have been studied extensively in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of sunlight on soil N_2O and CH_4 fluxes are neglected across the Antarctic tundra. Here, fluxes of N_2O and CH_4 from maritime Antarctic tundra soils were measured in the absence and presence of sunlight during three summers. The N_2O fluxes averaged –4.6±1.2 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1) in the absence of sunlight and 5.7±1.5 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1) in its presence; CH_4 fluxes averaged 119.8±24.5 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1) (absence) and –40.5±28.3 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1) (presence). The correlations between N_2O and CH_4 fluxes and other environmental variables (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, organic and inorganic material) were not statistically significant (P>0.05) at all sites. On average, sunlight significantly increased N_2O emissions and CH_4 uptake by 10.3 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1) and 160.3 μg·m~(–2)·h~(–1), respectively. This study indicates that sunlight is critical for accurately estimating N_2O and CH_4 budgets from maritime Antarctica and necessary for constraining the role of their emissions from tundra soil.
Carbon dioxide fluxes of tundra vegetation communities on an esker top in the low-Arctic

Previous studies have shown that carbon dioxide fluxes vary considerably among Arctic environments and it is important to assess these differences in order to develop our understanding of the role of Arctic tundra in the global carbon cycle. Although many previous studies have examined tundra carbon dioxide fluxes, few have concentrated on elevated terrain (hills and ridge tops) that is exposed to harsh environmental conditions resulting in sparse vegetation cover and seemingly low productivity. In this study we measured carbon dioxide (CO_2) exchange of four common tundra communities on the crest of an esker located in the central Canadian low-Arctic. The objectives were to quantify and compare CO_2 fluxes from these communities, investigate responses to environmental variables and qualitatively compare fluxes with those from similar communities growing in less harsh lowland tundra environments. Measurements made during July and August 2010 show there was little difference in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) among the three deciduous shrub communities, Arctous alpina, Betula glandulosa and Vaccinium uliginosum, with means ranging from –4.09 to –6.57 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1) and –7.92 to –9.24 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively. Empetrum nigrum communities had significantly smaller mean NEE and GEP (–1.74 and –4.08 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1), respectively). Ecosystem respiration (ER) was similar for all communities (2.56 to 3.03 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1)), except the B. glandulosa community which had a larger mean flux (4.66 μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1)). Overall, fluxes for these esker-top communities were near the upper range of fluxes reported for other tundra communities. ER was related to soil temperature in all of the communities. Only B. glandulosa GEP and ER showed sensitivity to a persistent decline in soil moisture throughout the study. These findings may have important implications for how esker tops would be treated in construction of regional carbon budgets and for predicting the impacts of climate change on Arctic tundra future carbon budgets.
Investigating the morphology of the supernova remnant G349.7+00.2 in the medium with a density gradient

G349.7+ 00.2 is a young Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) with a mushroom morphology in radio and X-rays, and it has been detected across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to high energy -rays. Moreover, the remnant is interacting with a molecular cloud based on the observations in the radio and infrared band. The reason for the formation of the periphery and the dynamical evolution of the remnant is investigated using 3D hydrodynamical (HD) simulations. Under the assumption that the supernova ejecta is evolved in the mediumwith a density gradient, the shell is composed of two hemispheres with different radii, and the smaller hemisphere is in relatively dense media. The resulting periphery of remnant is consistent with detected ones, and it can be concluded that the peculiar periphery of G349.7+00.2 can be reproduced as the remnants interacting with the medium with a density gradient.
In memory of Professor Tang Yan-Cheng: New perspectives in systematic and evolutionary biology

In China, three institutes for botanical research were established in the 1920s, namely the Department of Botany, Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China (1922, Nanjing), the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology (1928, Peiping), and the Institute of Botany, Peiping Academy of Sciences (1929, Peiping).Since then, plant taxonomy, plant systematics, and phytogeography have advanced and prospered as scientific disciplines in China.Among the great botanists who studied at those institutes, and at others that were established over the following 100 years, was Prof.Tang (surname)Yan-Cheng (given name)(汤彦承, abbreviated Y.C.Tang)(7 July 1926-6 August 2016).Professor Tang was a well-known and highly respected plant taxonomist and an influential professor at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.Prof.Tang played a pivotal role in leading taxonomic/systematic research in China from the 1970s into the 1990s.He not only provided new insights into the Chinese flora, but also helped to develop Chinese botany according to what were then new cladistic methods and to train the following generations of Chinese botanists.During his career, Prof.Tang keenly promoted novel theories and taxonomic and systematic methods, and he encouraged the application of up-to-date experimental approaches and analytical methodologies to study Chinese plants.His research had global implications for large, widely distributed plant families and provided a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the East Asian flora (see Wang et al., 2020a and more details below).
Comparison of sampling schemes for spatial prediction of soil organic carbon in Northern China

Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys, and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC). Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer (0 to 20 cm) in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone, we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), inverse distance weighting (IDW) and radial basis function (RBF) and random subsampling (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500) on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation. When the Shannon's Diversity Index (SHDI) and Shannon's Evenness Index (SHEI) was 2.01 and 0.67, the OK method appeared to be a superior method, which had the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean error (ME) nearest to zero. On the contrary, the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study. The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction; 50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy. Thus, we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density (SOCD) by the OK method. The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt, and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m~2. The SOCD kg/(C·m~2) of different land use types were in the following order: woodland (3.29) > grassland (2.35) > cropland (2.19) > sandy land (1.55).
Observational evidence of magnetic reconnection in a coronal bright point

Magnetic reconnection is considered to be the fundamental process by which magnetic energy is converted into plasma or particle kinetic energy.Magnetic reconnection is a widely applied physicsmodel to explain the solar eruption events, such as coronal bright points (CBPs). Meanwhile, it is an usual way of the solar physics research to look for the observational evidences of magnetic reconnection in the solar eruption events in order to support the model. In this paper, we have explored the evidences of magnetic reconnection in a CBP observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) at NOAA No. 11163 on 2011 March 5. Our observations show that this event is a small-scale loop system in active regions that have similar size as a traditional CBP and it might shed light on the physics of a traditional CBP. This CBP is bright in all nine AIA wavelengths and displays a flaring development with three bursts intermittently. Each burst exhibits a pair of bi-directional jets almost along a line. They originate from the same position (CBP core), then move in the opposite directions. Our findings are well consistent with themagnetic reconnection process by which the bi-directional plasma outflows are produced and radiate the bi-directional jets detected by SDO/AIA. These facts further support the conclusion that the CBP is produced by the magnetic reconnection process.
Comparative efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) entomopathogens on transgenic blight-tolerant and wild-type American, Chinese, and hybrid chestnuts (Fagales: Fagaceae)

American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) was once the dominant hardwood species in Eastern North America before an exotic fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, functionally eliminated it across its range. One promising approach toward restoring American chestnut to natural forests is development of blighttolerant trees using genetic transformation. However, transformation and related processes can result in unexpected and unintended phenotypic changes, potentially altering ecological interactions. To assess unintended tritrophic impacts of transgenic American chestnut on plant–herbivore interactions, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) caterpillars were fed leaf disks excised from two transgenic events, Darling 54 and Darling 58, and four control American chestnut lines. Leaf disks were previously treated with an LD_(50) dose of either the species-specific Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) or the generalist pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk). Mortality was quantified and compared to water blank controls. Tree genotype had a strong effect on the efficacies of both pathogens. Larval mortality from Btk-treated foliage from only one transgenic event, Darling 54, differed from its isogenic progenitor, Ellis 1, but was similar to an unrelated wild-type American chestnut control. LdMNPV efficacy was unaffected by genetic transformation. Results suggest that although genetic modification of trees may affect interactions with other nontarget organisms, this may be due to insertion effects, and variation among different genotypes (whether transgenic or wild-type) imparts a greater change in response than transgene presence.
Florigen trafficking integrates photoperiod and temperature signals in Arabidopsis

The transition to flowering is the most dramatic phase change in flowering plants and is crucial for reproductive success.A complex regulatory network in plants has evolved to perceive and integrate the endogenous and environmental signals.These signals perceived,including day length and temperature,converge to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT),which encodes a mobile stimulus required for floral induction in Arabidopsis.Despite the discovery of modulation of FT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ambient temperature,whether the trafficking of FT protein is controlled in response to changes in growth temperature is so far unknown.Here,we show that FT transport from companion cells to sieve elements is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner.This process is mediated by multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) and a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE).Our findings suggest that ambient temperatures regulate both FT mRNA expression and FT protein trafficking to prevent precocious flowering at low temperatures and ensure plant reproductive success under favorable environmental conditions.
Traveler’s Willingness to Accept and Provide Carpooling Services: A Case Study in Beijing

Carpooling as a transportation demand management (TDM) tool is currently being prevalent in major Chinese cities and producing much diminishment in the frequency of solo-driving trips. Meanwhile, much disputes relating to carpooling is arising. To better understand the acceptance and the influence factors of carpooling, this paper investigates travelers’ willingness to provide and accept carpooling services. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Secondly, we proposed a theoretical model, both car-owners and non-car-owners were sampled as respondents, and a multi-variable regression method was employed to analyze the survey data. Finally, we found that the higher acceptance, the more positive reactions to carpooling. The results indicate that it is necessary to improve the public’s acceptance of carpooling, because lower acceptance will lead to more negative reactions towards the carpooling, which may weaken its effectiveness.
中药质量生物学评价的思考

阐述了中药质量评价方法的发展现状及存在的关键问题,基于中药多成分、多靶点及功效的复杂性特点,现有的评价方法多为单一、定性的指标,所能表征的质量信息局限性较大,无法全面反映中药的内在质量及其有效性与安全性,表明了促进生物学评价方法发展的必要性。生物学评价具有整体可控、紧密关联临床疗效和安全性等独特优势,系统全面反映中药的整体质量,体现中医药特色,是一种合理有效的中药质量评价方法,对建立中药质量控制体系具有指导意义。生物学评价势必是中药质量评价标准未来发展的一个重要方向。
太子参的形态组织学鉴别研究

目的进行太子参药材的形态组织学鉴别。方法采用生药学常规方法,对其进行显微特征的观察,并拍摄照片或进行显微摄影。结果确定了太子参显微上的主要鉴别特征。结论研究结果可为太子参的鉴别及完善现行药典标准提供参考。
通元针法介入CC周期排卵障碍性不孕的机制探究

目的探讨通元针法对克罗米芬( CC)促排卵周期排卵障碍性不孕治疗效应的机制。方法将70例排卵障碍性不孕患者随机分为对照组与治疗组。对照组在月经第5天开始连续5天服用CC 50 mg。治疗组在对照组基础上加用通元针法治疗,留针30 min,隔日1次。两组疗程均为3个月经周期,妊娠则停止治疗。观察比较两组周期结局、HCG日、卵泡最大直径、子宫内膜厚度及类型、妊娠率。结果治疗组妊娠率为73.5%( 25 /34),优于对照组的43.8%( 14 /32),治疗组周期排卵率为70.3%( 52 /74),高于对照组的53.9%( 41 /76),治疗组卵泡最大直径、子宫内膜厚度及类型优于对照组(均P < 0.05);治疗组HCG日长于对照组( P < 0.01);治疗组和对照组周期取消率、周期黄素化率无统计学差异( P > 0.05) 。结论通元针法通过协调CC周期排卵障碍性不孕患者胚胎和子宫内膜的同步性,改善子宫内膜容受性,从而提高临床妊娠率。
酶解对石淋通片工艺过程中黄酮类成分的影响

目的探讨酶解与否对石淋通片工艺过程中黄酮类成分的影响。方法以广金钱草总黄酮的提率为指标,正交试验优化酶法提取工艺条件;以总黄酮的提率和3种黄酮类成分的转移率为指标,对传统的水提醇沉法与酶解后水提醇沉法进行比较。结果酶解法的最佳提取工艺条件为纤维素酶用量为0.6%,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH为6,酶解时间1h。酶解后水提醇沉法主要工艺步骤中的总黄酮得率及3种有效成分的总转移率均高于传统的水提醇沉法。结论酶解后再提取,可以大大提高石淋通片工艺过程中总黄酮及其有效成分的得率,该方法条件温和、简单易行,可为石淋通片的工艺改进及质量控制提供一定参考。
新疆一枝蒿栽培品与野生品中挥发油成分及其对小鼠胃肠功能影响的对比研究

目的比较野生及栽培一枝蒿挥发油提取率及成分差异,探究它们对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进功能的影响,比较野生及栽培品种在挥发油层面的优劣,为规范化种植新疆一枝蒿提供一定的理论依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油中主要成分,改良酚红法测定小鼠胃排空率和小肠推进率。结果新疆一枝蒿栽培品挥发油提取率显著高于野生品( P < 0.001);野生品挥发油成分种类略高于栽培品;野生品与栽培品挥发油都对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进有正向促进作用,其中野生品作用更显著。结论新疆一枝蒿栽培品与野生品挥发油成分及药理作用类似但存在差异,栽培品一定程度上可以替代野生品。
Application of Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Fault Ride-Through of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Storage System

Problems in power quality such as temporary drops in grid voltage and flickers have been caught attention with the increasing capacity of the new energy grid-connected systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic storage. To solve these problems, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for fault ride-through of photovoltaic energy storage systems is presented. We select the appropriate DVR topology and compensation strategy for PV energy storage systems which are used as energy supply equipment for DVR. It proves to be energy-saving and solves the instability of photovoltaic output effectively. The intelligent algorithm that optimized the controller parameter of dynamic voltage restorer is used and the effectiveness of the controller strategy proposed has been assessed by time-domain simulations in the MATLAB/ Simulink platform.
Nonshifted Adiabatic Invariant on Time Scale

Three aspects which include differential equation of motion, Noether symmetry and conserved quantity, perturbation to Noether symmetry and adiabatic invariant are investigated for the nonshifted Birkhoffian system, nonshifted Hamiltonian system and nonshifted Lagrangian system, respectively. Then, some relationships among the three mechanic systems and some special cases of the main results are presented. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the methods and results.
ZIF-67 derived hollow Ni-Co-Se nano-polyhedrons for flexible hybrid supercapacitors with remarkable electrochemical performances

Nano-polyhedral NiSe_2/CoSe_2 (Ni-Co-Se) with hollow architectures are synthesized by selenizing the precursors of Ni-Co bimetallic hydroxides that are directly derived from ZIF-67. The as-fabricated Ni-Co-Se electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance of1668 F/g at 1 A/g accompanying with outstanding rate capability (about 82.8% retention of the initial capacity at 20 A/g). The corresponding Ni-Co-Se//AC all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors are assembled by directly using the Ni-Co-Se on carbon fabric as the positive electrode, which deliver high energy density and power density (38.5 Wh/kg at 802.1 W/kg, 32.0 Wh/kg at 8008.8 W/kg), excellent cyclic stability (82.3% retention after 5000 cycle) and robust mechanical flexibility (no obvious attenuation at bending to different angles). This work will provide a new and smart route for constructing transition metal selenides for supercapacitor devices.
High-efficiency organic solar cells with low voltage-loss of 0.46 V

The recent evolution of active components yielded brilliant progresses for organic solar cells (OSCs), yet the mechanism is needed to be clearly understood. In this work, two electron acceptors, a linear SN6-2Br and a V-shaped BTP-2Br, are developed with nitrogen atoms introduced to replace the traditional sp3-hybridized carbon in the fused ring. BTP-2Br possesses an electron-deficient central core, which exhibits slightly blue-shifted absorption as well as deepened HOMO-level compared with SN6-2Br. The corresponding photovoltaic performance from V-shaped BTP-2Br based devices exhibit superior performance especially in short-circuit current (J_(sc)), despite an enhanced absorption and charge carrier mobilities for SN6-2Br. The primary reason for the higher J_(sc) from BTP-2Br is faster exciton diffusion and dissociation in blends, than those of SN6-2Br. As a result, PBDB-TF:BTP-2Br based devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.84% with an voltage-loss of only 0.46 V, which is one of the lowest values ever reported. Moreover, we fabricated semitransparent OSCs that exhibit an excellent PCE of 9.62% with average visible transparency of 20.1%.
Remarkable improvement of cyclic stability in Li-O_2 batteries using ruthenocene as a redox mediator

Nonaqueous Li-O_2 batteries attract attention for their theoretical specific energy density. However, due to the difficulty of decomposition of Li_2O_2, Li-O_2 batteries have high charge overpotential and poor cycling life. So all kinds of catalysts have been studied on the cathode. Compared to heterogeneous solid catalysts, soluble catalysts achieve faster and more effective transport of electrons by reversible redox pairs. Here, we first report ruthenocene (Ruc) as a mobile redox mediator in a Li-O_2 battery. 0.01 mol/L Ruc in the electrolyte effectively reduces the charging voltage by 610 mV. Additionally, Ruc greatly increases the cycling life by four-fold (up to 83 cycles) with a simple ketjen black (KB) cathode. The results of SEM, XPS and XRD confirm that less discharge product residue accumulated after recharge. To verify the reaction mechanisms of the mediator, free energy profiles of the possible reaction pathways based on DFT are provided.