mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
威布尔模型的典型曲线及应用

威布尔模型是一个重要的预测模型,可以用于预测油田的产量和可采储量。该模型具有3个待定常数,属于非线性模型,在以往利用线性迭代试差法或非线性迭代试差法求解时,这2种方法比较繁琐且存在一定的不确定性。基于威布尔模型的基本方程,推导建立了模型的无因次关系式,研制了可用于人工拟合或计算机自动拟合的典型曲线,该典型曲线只有1个待定模型常数。根据拟合求解的模型常数可以对油田的产量、累积产量和可采储量进行预测。通过实例应用表明,研究内容和方法均正确有效。
薄差储层有效动用井距和合理井排距比研究——以大庆油区杏六东块为例

随着油气田开发的深入,水驱开发的主要对象已由中高渗透层转变为薄差储层,薄差储层开发井网部署存在注采关系不完善、地层压力水平低、动用程度低等问题。以大庆油区杏六东块为例,通过油藏工程方法计算出不同渗透率条件下的有效动用井距,以流管模型为基础,求解菱形五点法井网不同井排距比的有效动用系数。结果表明,薄差储层的平均渗透率为l2xl0~(-3)μm~2,对应的有效动用井距为180m,合理井排距比为1.8。数值模拟法验证结果表明,井排距比为1.8时,薄差储层的波及范围最大,见水最早,采出程度最高,与理论计算结果相符。
二次加砂压裂技术在樊131区块樊134-1井的应用

樊134-1井存在隔层条件差、下部水层发育、天然裂缝发育和加砂困难等难题,常规压裂技术难以对其实施充分改造,根据该井储层地质特征和井况条件,确定采用二次加砂压裂技术对其储层进行压裂改造。在分析樊134-1井压裂技术难点的基础上,通过实验和理论分析,分别从加砂规模确定、二次加砂比例优化、中途停泵时间确定、压裂液和支撑剂优选与评价、降滤措施及返排措施等方面进行了研究,从而确定了二次加砂压裂施工的关键参数。于2012年11月26日对樊134-1井实施二次加砂压裂施工,施工历时189min,累积泵入压裂液468.4m~3,支撑剂加入量为46 m~3,中途停泵时间为115 min。压裂2 d后,采用3 mm油嘴自喷,产液量为27.1 t/d,产油量为13.2 t/d,增产效果显著。樊134-1井的实施效果证实,二次加砂压裂技术具有控制缝高、能够形成高导流能力裂缝、降低滤失量和加砂风险等优点,类似井可采用该技术进行压裂改造。
聚合物微球在人造砾岩岩心中的运移性能

聚合物微球是一种可改善油藏非均质性、提高水驱采收率的深部调剖剂。采用多点测压人造砾岩岩心实验和产出液中微球粒度分布测试相结合的方法,研究了粒度分布呈双峰的聚合物微球体系在2种渗透率的人造砾岩岩心中的运移性能。研究结果表明,聚合物微球在渗透率为0.295 7和0.634 5 μm~2的人造砾岩岩心中具有较好的注入性能,且最大阻力系数分别为5.3和8.5;粒度超过16 μm的聚合物微球难以通过渗透率为0.295 7 μm~2的人造砾岩岩心,其产出液中微球粒度呈单峰分布特征,峰值为5 μm;而渗透率为0.634 5 μm~2的人造砾岩岩心产出液中微球粒度呈双峰分布特征,峰值分别为7和150 μm,粒度超过450 μm的聚合物微球难以通过。
基于多次接触特性曲线的二氧化碳驱最小混相压力预测方法

二氧化碳驱是提高采收率的有效方法之一,二氧化碳混相驱可以更大程度地提高原油采收率。最小混相压力是评定二氧化碳驱能否实现混相的关键参数。通过二氧化碳与原油多次接触过程,得到多次接触特性曲线,并对二氧化碳驱混相过程的多次接触特性曲线特征进行分析;综合温度和原油组成等因素的影响,建立了多次接触特性曲线最小值预测的关联公式,进而提出预测最小混相压力的新方法,即通过二氧化碳驱多次接触特性曲线最小值的确定过程来获得最小混相压力。采用该方法对二氧化碳驱的最小混相压力进行预测,其结果与细管实验法预测结果的相对误差小于8%。基于多次接触特性曲线的最小混相压力预测方法,无须确定关键系线,避免了系线分析法和混合单元格法中计算关键系线的算法收敛的不稳定性,并且克服了经验法未考虑多次接触过程的缺点,因此更为实用、准确。
裂谷盆地岩浆活动控制油气概论

裂谷盆地岩浆活动强烈,岩浆岩区油气资源丰富、物化性质异常、分布复杂。为了深入研究侵入岩区的油气分布规律,通过岩心观察和地球化学等方法,对沾化凹陷中东部地区侵入岩及其附近油气藏进行了分析。结果表明,岩浆的高温、高压及活跃的化学性质不仅显著促进了周围烃源岩的生排烃,而且使烃源岩内产生大量的裂缝和孔隙,成为良好的储层;岩浆岩的边缘相发育气孔、溶孔和收缩裂缝,为较好的储层;岩浆活动形成的异常高压场增强了地层对油气的吸附能力,且岩浆活动还可以形成多种类型的油气藏。岩浆活动不仅促进了油气生成,而且控制了油气的分布。岩浆活动对油气的控制作用主要取决于岩浆类型、活动强度、活动方式、活动时间、岩浆岩与烃源岩的空间关系以及烃源岩发育及其中有机质和碳酸盐岩含量等。
东营凹陷北部沙四段下亚段盐湖相烃源岩特征及展布

对东营凹陷北部沙四段下亚段盐湖相烃源岩特征及展布缺乏系统研究,尤其对盐湖沉积物中普遍发育的含膏泥岩、含盐泥岩、膏质泥岩和盐质泥岩的生烃潜力认识不清。首先利用有机碳、岩石热解等实验分析手段,对不同岩相烃源岩的生烃潜力进行研究;然后基于实验分析数据,建立了盐湖相烃源岩有机碳含量测井评价模型,利用评价结果分析了烃源岩展布特征,结合埋藏史和热演化史研究了烃源岩生烃史。结果表明:研究区沙四段下亚段烃源岩有机质以腐泥型为主,有机质类型主要为I一 II1型,少量为II2型,都是优质的生油母质;证实了含膏泥岩、含盐泥岩、膏质泥岩和盐质泥岩都具备生烃潜力,可孕育有效烃源岩。民丰地区、利津地区和胜坨下降盘是有效烃源岩发育的有利位置,这些地区有效烃源岩累积厚度大,有机碳含量高。研究区沙四段下亚段烃源岩普遍经历了“快一慢一快”的埋藏过程,生油高峰持续时间长,目前处于烃源岩热解和原油裂解生气阶段,有利于烃源岩热解气和原油裂解气成藏。
X射线元素录井技术在胜利油区泥页岩脆性评价中的应用

泥页岩脆性是泥页岩油气勘探开发过程中最关键的评价因素之一,目前主要通过岩石力学实验对其进行评价,虽然精度高,但成本亦高且实验周期长。X射线元素录井技术可以定性和定量确定岩样中的元素含量,具有分析速度快、准确度高等特点,能够满足泥页岩勘探过程中随钻快速、准确评价的要求。基于胜利油区泥页岩元素组成特征及元素含量与矿物含量的相关性研究,认为Si,Ca和Mg等元素的含量可以反映石英、碳酸盐岩等刚性矿物的含量。通过X射线元素录井技术测定的元素含量计算得到的硅质指数、灰质指数和脆性指数,可以用于针对不同地区的泥页岩脆性进行现场快速定量评价。根据泥页岩岩石学特征及中外泥页岩脆性评价标准,建立了胜利油区利用灰质指数(C/)定量评价泥页岩脆性的四级标准:当CI≥0.6时,泥页岩脆性高;0.4≤CI<0.6时,泥页岩脆性中等;0.2≤CI< 0.4时,泥页岩脆性较低;CI< 0.2时,泥页岩脆性低。
胜坨油田二区沙二段3砂组高温高盐油藏低张力氮气泡沫驱单井试验

针对高温高盐油藏的特点,采用分子模拟和室内实验等手段,研制了低张力氮气泡沫体系.室内评价结果表明,当温度为80℃时,不同质量分数的氮气泡沫体系在吸附前后发泡体积均保持在200 mL左右,半衰期大于5 000s,表明其具有良好的起泡性能和泡沫稳定性能。为了验证该体系在高温高盐油藏中的起泡性能、泡沫稳定性能及对高渗透条带的封堵性能,优选合理的注入方式和气液比,于2011年8月30日在胜坨油田二区沙二段3砂组高温高盐油藏开展了为期1个月的低张力氮气泡沫驱单井试验,30d累积注入泡沫剂溶液2 087 m~3,3口受效油井平均综合含水率由试验前的98.5%降至试验结束后的97.8%,平均单井产液量保持稳定,产油量由6.3 t/d上升到9.2 t/d。油水井动态变化及吸水剖面变化结果表明:低张力氮气泡沫体系在高温高盐油藏条件下能够形成稳定的泡沫,且封堵高渗透条带性能好;气液混合注入渗流阻力大,封堵效果好;试验条件下最佳气液比为1 :1。
非均质水驱油藏开发指标预测方法

运用数值模拟法预测非均质油藏开发指标及剩余油饱和度分布的工作量大,耗时长,技术要求高考虑实际油田井网布置的不规则性及储层的非均质性,基于油藏工程理论,推导并建立了考虑储层非均质性的水驱油藏开发指标预测方法。该方法根据注采井配置关系和渗流阻力,将油田动态劈分为多个注采单元,对各注采单元的渗透率、孔隙度、储层厚度等非均质参数进行等效处理,再将各注采单元转化为均质单元;采用物质平衡原理和Buck-ley-Leverett径向水驱油理论预测各单元开发动态,计算含水率和剩余油饱和度等指标,进而得到整个油藏的开发指标。与传统油藏数值模拟方法相比,新方法占用内存少、速度快、效率高对断块老油田进行实例验证分析表明,新方法预测单井和全油田10 a含水率变化与数值模拟结果的相关系数达0.993 4~0.999 6,预测10 a剩余油饱和度与数值模拟结果吻合。
基于序列二次规划算法的油藏动态配产配注优化

油藏动态配产配注已经成为实现油田效益最大化的有效措施之一。为提高优化运算速度,处理非线性不等式约束,将序列二次规划算法应用到油藏动态配产配注求解过程中。应用序列二次规划算法将求解变量最优值的非线性优化问题转化为一系列的求解变量搜索方向的二次规划子问题,控制变量的搜索方向采用伴随方法和Broy-den-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno(BFGS)方法得到,迭代求取控制变量最优值。实例验证结果表明,总注入量等式约束条件下的最优开发方案,累积产油量增加12.8%,累积注水量下降11.1%,累积产水量下降22.3%,含水率下降4.16%;总注入量不等式约束下的最优开发方案,累积产油量增加29.1%,累积注水量下降26.9%,累积产水量下降30.3%,含水率下降4.16%。但是,在不等式约束情况下,由于注采失衡,油藏压力大幅下降,易造成后期开发能量不足;需对总注入量及采出量进行等式约束或在不等式约束的基础上添加约束下限。运用该方法对胜利油区埕岛油田27A区块进行方案调整优化,结果表明,优化后的采出程度相对于优化前提高0.92%,净现值增长35%。
泪槽解剖及泪槽畸形治疗进展

泪槽畸形是眶周老化较早出现的标志,泪槽凹陷处的阴影通常被认为是眼睛下的黑眼圏,很难被化妆品掩盖,并导致面部疲劳、老化的外观。眶周其他老化表现如:眶脂由眶隔薄弱区假性疝出引起的下睑袋外观,局部皮肤的老化改变如皮肤松弛、皱纹形成、日光性老化、色素沉着等,都凸显了泪槽畸形。国内外众多学者对泪槽的解剖形态进行了深入的研究,丰富了泪槽区域的解剖学知识及理论,同时也促进了治疗效果的提高。
以右手反复冻伤为首发症状的儿童脊髓空洞症1例报告

讨论: 脊髓空洞症是一种缓慢进展的脊髓变性疾病,其病理特征为脊髓中央管附近空洞形成和胶质增生,病因和发病机制尚未明确。其临床症状与病变节段有关,最早症状常为节段性分离性感觉障碍,后逐渐出现肌无力、肌肉萎缩和皮肤、关节营养障碍,多为单侧性,90%合并Chiari畸形。
有机溶剂中毒性脑病研究进展

有机溶剂中毒性脑病属于中毒性脑白质病的一种,病理上主要表现为弥漫性脑白质病变及髓鞘破坏,临床表现多样,急性中毒性脑病多表现为头痛、头晕、嗜睡等,严重者出现意识模糊、抽搐、昏迷甚至死亡;高级脑功能障碍为慢性中毒性脑病较为突出的临床症状,包括精神行为改变、情绪障碍、认知功能下降及意识障碍等,运动及感觉障碍相对少见。由于有机溶剂中毒性脑病临床表现缺乏特异性,慢性中毒的患者起病症状隐匿,故易被临床医师误诊漏诊。随着我国现代工业化的不断发展,有机溶剂中毒性脑病患者数也有所增加,我们拟对有机溶剂中毒性脑病作一综述,以提高对本病的认识。
左胫骨骨神经鞘瘤一例

讨论骨内神经鞘瘤为一种较为罕见的良性骨肿瘤,起源于骨神经鞘的SchWann细胞,占原发性骨肿瘤的0.25%。好发于下颌骨、骶尾骨,长骨发病多位于骨干,病程缓慢,多为单发,多伴有高密度硬化缘和突向病灶内的骨嵴,肿瘤可穿破骨皮质侵入软组织内。
地龙舒腰胶囊中有毒生物碱的检查

目的地龙舒腰胶囊(地龙,穿山龙,制川乌)中有毒生物碱的检查。方法以制川乌中所含生物碱为研究对象,采用HPLC 法,Xtimate C_(18)色谱柱(4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),以0. 26% 醋酸铵(氨水调pH 至9. 5) -乙腈(55 ∶ 45)为流动相,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为235 nm,体积流量为0. 8 mL/min,对方中双酯型生物碱进行含有量限度测定。结果所建立方法专属性良好,新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的稳定性、精密度、日间精密度良好,新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的平均加样回收率在90% ~ 110%之间,而在胶囊中的3种有毒生物碱未检出。结论地龙舒腰胶囊中的有毒生物碱符合标准。
中国饮用水标准的现状

将现行的饮用水国标GB 5749-2006、WHO第4版《饮用水水质准则》、美国饮用水水质标准EPA816-F-09-0004以及欧盟委员会2009年修订的饮用水水质指令98/83/EC做了比对,探讨了今后进一步完善饮用水水质标准的一些建议。
林蛙油对运动训练小鼠糖代谢的影响

目的研究林蛙油对运动训练小鼠糖代谢的影响,探讨其对小鼠运动能力的影响及其作用机制。方法将100只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为5组:安静组、运动组、林蛙油低、中和高剂量组。安静和运动组灌胃生理盐水,林蛙油各剂量组灌不同剂量(0.1,0.5和1 g/kg BW)的林蛙油匀浆液。通过建立小鼠递增游泳训练模型,连续28 d,于末次灌胃1 h后,每组进行无负重力竭游泳实验。测定小鼠血糖、血乳酸、肝糖原和肌糖原的含量。结果即刻组:与运动组比较,林蛙油各剂量组血糖有所增高,但各剂量组之间差异无显著性;林蛙油中、高剂量组血乳酸差异有显著性(P<0.05);林蛙油中、高剂量组肝糖原差异有显著性(P<0.01);林蛙油各剂量组肌糖原差异均无显著性。恢复组:与运动组比较,林蛙油中、高剂量组血糖差异有显著性(P<0.05);血乳酸与林蛙油各剂量组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);肝糖原与林蛙油各剂量组比较差异均无显著性;肌糖原林蛙油中剂量组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论服用林蛙油对运动训练小鼠有利于糖原的储存,加速代谢废物的清除。
5-氨基酮戊酸光动力治疗老年表浅基底细胞癌患者的疗效观察

皮肤基底细胞癌(basalcellcarcinoma,BCC)是常见皮肤肿瘤之一,常发生在表皮基底细胞或皮肤附属器的一种低度恶性肿瘤,以老年人多见,其临床表现多样,可为结节、斑块或侵蚀性溃疡。溃疡向周围及深部侵袭,破坏局部软组织和骨骼,造成毁容。以往多采用手术、放疗、化疗、冷冻、激光等传统治疗方法,虽然这些方法效果尚可,但在美容和副作用方面存在局限性。
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tianagliflozin Triacetate①

The title compound tianagliflozin triacetate 1 was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system (C_(27)H_(31)ClO_8, M_r = 518.97),space group P2_1 with a = 5.3913(11),b = 16.137(2), c = 15.411(3) A,β = 94.15(3)°, V= 1337.3(5) A~3,Z = 2,D_c= 1.289 g/cm~3,F(000) = 548,μ = 0.190 mm~(-1), the final R = 0.0374 and wR = 0.0809 for 3981 observed reflections (I>2σ(I)). The structure of 1, triacetate of a highly potent SGLT2 inhibitor tianagliflozin, was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which helped to confirm the desired β configuration at the anomeric center and the position where the deoxylation occurred. The two benzene rings in the lattice are basically orthogonal to each other. There are four intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal, which helps to further stabilize the crystal.
Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence of a New Zn(II) Dimer Constructed by l,10-Phenanthroline Derivative and Flexible Dicarboxylate①

A new compound, [Zn(L)(l,4-chdc)]_2·2H_2O (1,1,4-chdc = 1,4-cyclohexanedicar-boxylate and L = ll-fluoro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine),has been synthesized under hydro-thermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 1 belongs to triclinic, space group Pi with a = 9.4679(19),b = 10.915(2), c = 12.577(3) A, a = 77.22(3), β = 74.73(3),y = 65.47(3)°,C_(52)H_(39)F_2N_8O_(10)Zn_2,M_r = 1104.65,V = 1131.4(4) A~3,Z = 1, D_c = 1.621 g/cm~3, S = 1.091,μ(MoKa) = 1.143 mm~(-1),F(000) = 565, R = 0.0426 and wR = 0.1171. In 1,two 1,4-chdc anions bridge two Zn(II) atoms to form a dimer. The neighboring dimers are further extended by π-π stacking interactions to form a 2D supramolecular layer. The luminescent property of the compound has also been investigated.
继发孔型房间隔缺损患者存活至高龄一例

讨论房间隔缺损是成人中常见的一种先天性心脏病,在超过40岁的未手术非发绀型分流患者中占40% 。患者的平均自然寿命为50岁,偶有存活至70岁者。未手术患者存活至50 ~ 60岁通常不超过50%,随后每年大约死亡6%。据国外报道,至今存活时间最长的继发孔型房间隔缺损患者在95岁生日前3个月死亡。存活至93岁而至今尚存活者目前国内未有报道。本例患者在第1次住院及之前未发现房间隔缺损的原因可能为:(1)患者尚未出现肺动脉高压、心力衰竭或心律失常的相关症状;(2)随着年龄增长,左向右分流导致肺动脉高压,发展至双向分流时,原分流量减少,杂音也相应减轻,容易漏诊。该患者于年长时病情出现明显恶化,考虑有以下原因:(1)左心室顺应性呈年龄相关性降低,进而增加了左向右分流;(2)出现室上性快速心律失常,可增加左向右分流,加重右心衰竭;(3)持续左向右大量分流,导致中度肺动脉高压,右心室面临长期容量及压力双重超负荷;(4)出现年龄相关性二尖瓣关闭不全,出现左心衰竭,左心房压力增加,导致左向右分流增加,加重右心衰竭。外科手术修补和介入封堵术是目前常用的治疗方法。研究表明,对于心房水平双向分流而以左向右为主的房间隔缺损患者,仍有可能通过手术治疗而好转。但对于高龄患者,封闭缺损后左心室容量负荷急剧增加,左心室有可能不能代偿,而出现左心功能不全,甚至出现致命性肺水肿。该患者未行手术治疗而长期存活与其40岁从部队退伍后长期在家中休养,较少从事体力活动,无高血压病、糖尿病等基础疾病有关。
促进健康服务业发展落实心血管病预防康复

2011年联合国高峰会议发布了应对非传染性疾病(NCD)挑战的政治宣言。之后在世界卫生组织协调组织下,形成了25/25的阶段性目标,即到2025年,因NCD所致过早死亡下降25%。心血管病的防控到位是实现25/25的重中之重。
麻省理工学院通过新方法提高锂-空气电池性能

虽然锂离子电池已经设法使混合动力汽车成为汽车市场的一个重要部分,然而,采用锂离子电池技术的全电动汽车一直是定制产品。锂离子电池不具有长的充电寿命,或者短时间充电的性能,而这是使全电动汽车适合大多数人的驾驶习惯所必须的。而且,全电动汽车的起火事故也不利于汽车制造商的营销形象。
子痫前期患者血浆晚期氧化蛋白产物水平及其与肾功能的相关性

子痫前期是妊娠期特发和常见的并发症,严重威胁母儿健康,是孕产妇和新生儿的重要死亡原因。目前认为,子痫前期发病的中心环节为广泛的血管内皮损伤。氧化应激及氧自由基的产生是内皮细胞受损的重要因素。发生于子痫前期的氧化应激与内皮功能障碍之间有密切联系。晚期氧化蛋白产物(advanced oxidation protein products,AOPP)于1996年由法国学者Witko-Sarsat等首次报道,是血浆白蛋白被自由基等氧化后形成的蛋白交连产物,相对于既往被普遍关注的脂质过氧化标志物形成早,且存在时间长,更加稳定,是反映氧化应激蛋白损伤的可信指标,同时也是氧化应激时重要的促炎介质。鉴于蛋白氧化产物与子痫前期发病相关性的研究较少,本研究通过比较轻度及重度子痫前期孕妇与健康孕妇血浆中AOPP的水平,探讨AOPP水平与子痫前期疾病严重程度的相关性及其与肾功能指标的相关性,拟为进一步阐明蛋白氧化应激对子痫前期患者孕期肾功能改变的影响提供理论依据。
二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后左心室假性室壁瘤成功修补一例

患者既往有二尖瓣机械瓣置换术病史,术后曾因引流管持续引出血性液体而给予二次手术,故考虑假性室壁瘤形成和原先的二尖瓣机械瓣置换术有关。据报道未经干预的左心室假性室壁瘤形成后破裂发生率可高达30%~45%,因此诊断明确后需积极干预。但假性室壁瘤外科手术本身风险性很大,手术死亡率很高,多发生在术后早期,死亡原因为术后低心排和心脏再破裂。该患者二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后,假性左心室室壁瘤形成诊断明确,且破口与心包相通,仍有逐渐增大甚至破裂的可能,故需尽早手术治疗。本手术方案相比经左心室内缝合破口及经左侧切口入径心脏游离范围小、视野清晰、操作简洁、手术损伤相对较小、体外循环时间短、整个手术时间短,手术反而更安全。因此二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后、在华法林抗凝情况下,假性左心室室壁瘤一旦确诊,虽然围手术期死亡率很高,但仍需积极外科手术治疗。但手术方案需精心设计,选择合适的手术人径,避免不必要的手术损伤。我们认为经股动静脉插管建立体外循环,直接打开假性室壁瘤囊腔找到破口,缝合修补破口的方法较其他方法更简洁、更安全、效果更好。
Nigella sativa is a safe herbal product

We have been conducting research on the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa for more than 15 years. We have conducted several clinical trials and used up to 3 g/d and found no toxic effect, rather N. sativa had positive effects on these patients. N. sativa in three doses (1, 2, and 3 g/d) with 40 mg nexium produced from 50% to 67% eradication of Helicobacter pylori in non-ulcer dyspeptic patients. Furthermore, N. sativa in type 2 diabetic patients with the same doses (1, 2 and 3 g/d) reduced fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c significantly by the end of the three months treatment and all basic indexes were normal. I really think that the investigators should have looked at the composition of the tablets they reported that cause acute renal failure before they attributed this effect to N. sativa. Many herbal products sold in public shops are contaminated with other products that could be sometimes toxic. I would not agree with the conclusion of the investigators and I think their approach should have been more scientific before jumping into such a conclusion. We are currently publishing results on one-year N. sativa treatment in diabetic patients. It showed that N. sativa has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects with no adverse effects.
Calculating single layer production contribution of heavy oil commingled wells by analysis of aromatic parameters in whole-oil GC-MS

Traditional fluid production profile logging is not usually suitable for heavy-viscous crude oil wells. Biodegradation of heavy oil can lead to the loss of n-alkanes, and the use of chromatogram fingerprint techniques in studying the production contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells has limitations. However, aromatic compounds are relatively well preserved. We took the heavy oil commingled wells of small layers NG55 and NG61 in the ninth area of the Gudong oil field as examples. Based on the principle of chromatography, the whole-oil GC-MS was used, and the aromatic parameters which have a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of mixed two end member oils were verified and selected in laboratory. Studies showed that the ratio of (1, 4, 6- + 2, 3, 6-trimethylnaphthalene) to 1, 2, 5-trimethylnaphthalene has a strongly linear relationship with the ratio of the mixed two end member oils (R~2=0.992). The oil contributions from single layers NG55 and NG61 in six commingled heavy oil wells were calculated using established charts and this relationship. The calculated results are consistent with the results of long period dynamic monitoring and logging interpretation in the study area and can provide a scientific basis for monitoring production performance and hierarchical management of reservoirs. The study provides a new geochemical method for calculation of the contributions of single layers in heavy oil commingled wells when conventional fluid production profile logging is not suitable.
Influence of meandering river sandstone architecture on waterflooding mechanisms: a case study of the M-I layer in the Kumkol Oilfield, Kazakhstan

In order to explore the influence of sandstone architecture on waterflooding mechanisms using the architecture method, and taking as an example the M-I layer of the Kumkol oilfield in the South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan, we portrayed the architecture features of different types of sandstones and quantitatively characterized heterogeneities in a single sand body in meandering river facies. Based on the waterflooding characteristics of point bar sand and overbank sand according to waterflooded interpretation results in 367 wells and numerical simulation results of well groups, we finally analyzed the remaining oil potential of the meandering river sandstone and pointed out its development directions at the high water cut stage. The result shows that because lateral accretion shale beds are developed inside single sand bodies, the point bar sand is a semi-connected body. The overbank sand is thin sandstone with poor connectivity, small area and fast lateral changes. The heterogeneity of the overbank sand is stronger than the point bar sand. The sandstone architectures control the waterflooding characteristics. In meandering river sandstones, the bottom of the point bar sand is strongly waterflooded, while the top of the point bar sand and most of the overbank sand are only weakly waterflooded or unflooded. The thickness percentage of unflooded zone and weakly waterflooded zone in point bar sand is 40%, and the remaining oil in its top part is the main direction for future development.
Multifractal analysis of inclined oil-water countercurrent flow

Characterizing countercurrent flow structures in an inclined oil-water two-phase flow from one-dimensional measurement is of great importance for model building and sensor design. Firstly, we conducted oil-water two-phase flow experiments in an inclined pipe to measure the conductance signals of three typical water-dominated oil-water flow patterns in inclined flow, i. e., dispersion oil-in-water pseudo-slug flow (PS), dispersion oil-in-water countercurrent flow (CT), and transitional flow (TF). In pseudo-slug flow, countercurrent flow and transitional flow, oil is completely dispersed in water. Then we used magnitude and sign decomposition analysis and multifractal analysis to reveal levels of complexity in different flow patterns. We found that the PS and CT flow patterns both exhibited high complexity and obvious multifractal dynamic behavior, but the magnitude scaling exponent and singularity of the CT flow pattern were less than those of the PS flow pattern; and the TF flow pattern exhibited low complexity and almost monofractal behavior, and its magnitude scaling was close to random behavior. Meanwhile, at short time scales, all sign series of two-phase flow patterns exhibited very similar strong positive correlation; at high time scales, the scaling analysis of sign series showed different anti-correlated behavior. Furthermore, with an increase in oil flow rate, the flow structure became regular, which could be reflected by the decrease in the width of spectrum and the difference in dimensions. The results suggested that different oil-water flow patterns exhibited different nonlinear features, and the varying levels of complexity could well characterize the fluid dynamics underlying different oil-water flow patterns.
Two highly efficient accumulation models of large gas fields in China

Based on reserve abundance, large gas fields in China can be divided into two types: type one of high abundance large gas fields, dominated by structural gas reservoirs; type two of low abundance large gas fields, dominated by stratigraphic and lithologic gas reservoirs. The formation of these two types of large gas fields is related to the highly efficient accumulation of natural gas. The accumulation of high abundance gas fields is dependent on the rapid maturation of the source kitchen and huge residual pressure difference between the gas source kitchen and reservoir, which is the strong driving force for natural gas migration to traps. Whereas the accumulation of low abundance gas fields is more complicated, involving both volume flow charge during the burial stage and diffusion flow charge during the uplift stage, which results in large area accumulation and preservation of natural gas in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. This conclusion should assist gas exploration in different geological settings.
DT-13, a saponin of dwarf lilyturf tuber, exhibits anti-cancer activity by down-regulating C-C chemokine receptor type 5 and vascular endothelial growth factor in MDA-MB-435 cells

AIM: To investigate the anticancer activity of DT-13 under normoxia and determine the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS: MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion were performed to assess the anticancer activity of DT-13, a saponin from Ophiopogon japonicus, in vitro. In addition, the effects of DT-13 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were evaluated by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-435 cells into nude mice; mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR; and CCR5 protein levels were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS: At 0.01 to 1 μmol?L~(?1), DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion significantly in vitro. DT-13 reduced VEGF and CCR5 mRNAs, and decreased CCR5 protein expression by down-regulating HIF-1α. In addition, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell lung metastasis, and restricted tumor growth slightly in vivo. CONCLUSION: DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo by reducing VEGF, CCR5, and HIF-1α expression.
护理干预在改善孕妇妊娠末期睡眠质量及负性情绪中的作用

睡眠障碍是孕妇孕期的常见现象,尤其是妊娠末期的孕妇。毛亚平对住院待产孕妇睡眠状况调查,睡眠形态紊乱高达69.04%。而研究表明,孕妇睡眠障碍很容易引起情绪波动,产生焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,不仅会诱发或加重某些躯体疾病,造成围产期结局不良,而且会影响产后康复,不利于新生儿喂养。另外,经历长时间的妊娠过程,孕妇担心分娩及孩子安全等问题,产生焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪而影响睡眠质量。据文献报道,4%~15%的孕妇有抑郁症状,5%~13%有焦虑症状。可见,睡眠障碍和负性情绪关系密切,互为伴随,相互加重,对孕妇产生严重的不良影响。为了探讨护理干预对孕妇妊娠末期睡眠质量及负性情绪的影响,2010年6月至2012年6月,本院对65例妊娠末期孕妇实施护理干预,效果满意,现报道如下。
Structure-based ensemble-QSAR model: a novel approach to the study of the EGFR tyrosine kinase and its inhibitors

Aim: To develop a novel 3D-QSAR approach for study of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR TK) and its inhibitors. Methods: One hundred thirty nine EGFR TK inhibitors were classified into 3 clusters. Ensemble docking of these inhibitors with 19 EGFR TK crystal structures was performed. Three protein structures that showed the best recognition of each cluster were selected based on the docking results. Then, a novel QSAR (ensemble-QSAR) building method was developed based on the ligand conformations determined by the corresponding protein structures. Results: Compared with the 3D-QSAR model, in which the ligand conformations were determined by a single protein structure, ensemble-QSAR exhibited higher R2 (0.87) and Q2 (0.78) values and thus appeared to be a more reliable and better predictive model. Ensemble-QSAR was also able to more accurately describe the interactions between the target and the ligands. Conclusion: The novel ensemble-QSAR model built in this study outperforms the traditional 3D-QSAR model in rationality, and provides a good example of selecting suitable protein structures for docking prediction and for building structure-based QSAR using available protein structures.
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 mediates LTD_4-induced activation of mouse microglial cells in vitro

Aim: To investigate the roles of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT_1R and CysLT_2R in leukotriene D_4 (LTD_4)-induced activation of microglial cells in vitro. Methods: Mouse microglial cell line BV2 was transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-hCysLT_1R or pcDNA3.1(+)-hCysLT_2R. The expression of relevant mRNAs and proteins in the cells was detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Phagocytosis was determined with flow cytometry analysis. The release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from the cells was measured using an ELISA assay. Results: The expression of CysLT_1R or CysLT_2R was considerably increased in the transfected BV2 cells, and the receptors were mainly distributed in the plasma membrane and cytosol. Treatment of the cells expressing CysLT_1R or CysLT_2R with CysLT receptor agonist LTD_4 (0.1–100 nmol/L) concentration-dependently enhanced the phagocytosis, and increased mRNA expression and release of IL-1β. Moreover, the responses of hCysLT_1R-BV2 cells to LTD_4 were significantly larger than those of hCysLT_2R-BV2 or WT-BV2 cells. Pretreatment of hCysLT_1R-BV2 cells with the selective CysLT_1R antagonist montelukast (1 μmol/L) significantly blocked LTD_4-induced phagocytosis as well as the mRNA expression and release of IL-1β, whereas the selective CysLT_2R antagonist HAMI 3379 (1 μmol/L) had no such effects. Conclusion: CysLT_1R mediates LTD_4-induced activation of BV2 cells, suggesting that CysLT_1R antagonists may exert anti-inflammatory activity in brain diseases.
MILD Combustion for Hydrogen and Syngas at Elevated Pressures

As gas recirculation constitutes a fundamental condition for the realization of MILD combustion, it is necessary to determine gas recirculation ratio before designing MILD combustor. MILD combustion model with gas recirculation was used in this simulation work to evaluate the effect of fuel type and pressure on threshold gas recirculation ratio of MILD mode. Ignition delay time is also an important design parameter for gas turbine combustor, this parameter is kinetically studied to analyze the effect of pressure on MILD mixture ignition. Threshold gas recirculation ratio of hydrogen MILD combustion changes slightly and is nearly equal to that of 10 MJ/Nm~3 syngas in the pressure range of 1-19 atm, under the conditions of 298 K fresh reactant temperature and 1373 K exhaust gas temperature, indicating that MILD regime is fuel flexible. Ignition delay calculation results show that pressure has a negative effect on ignition delay time of 10 MJ/Nm~3 syngas MILD mixture, because OH mole fraction in MILD mixture drops down as pressure increases, resulting in the delay of the oxidation process.
Aerodynamic Loading Distribution Effects on the Overall Performance of Ultra-High-Lift LP Turbine Cascades

The present paper reports the results of an experimental investigation aimed at comparing aerodynamic performance of three low-pressure turbine cascades for several Reynolds numbers under steady and unsteady inflows. This study is focused on finding design criteria useful to reduce both profile and secondary losses in the aero-engine LP turbine for the different flight conditions. The baseline blade cascade, characterized by a standard aerodynamic loading (Zw=1.03), has been compared with two Ultra-High-Lift profiles with the same Zweifel number (Zw=1.3 for both cascades), but different velocity peak positions, leading to front and mid-loaded blade cascade configurations. The aerodynamic flow fields downstream of the cascades have been experimentally investigated for Reynolds numbers in the range 70000