mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ZnWO_(4–x) nanorods with oxygen vacancy for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) especially tetracycline pose a great threat to human health,and the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by ZnWO_4 nanomaterials has drawn much attention.To improve the photo-response range and photoactivity,we prepared ZnWO_(4–x) sample with oxygen vacancies by solvothermally treating Zn(NO_3)_3 and Na_2WO_4 in water/ethanol/PEG-400 mixture where ethanol could act as a reducing agent to selectively remove some oxygen atoms from ZnWO_4.ZnWO_(4–x) sample is composed of nanorods with length of ~50 nm and diameter of ~20 nm.Furthermore,ZnWO_(4–x) nanorods are brown and exhibit the obviously broadened photoabsorption from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) region,compared with the tradition white ZnWO_4 nanorod without oxygen vacancies and with UV absorption edge of 365 nm.Under the irradiation of UV or ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) light,ZnWO_(4–x) nanorods can photocatalytically degrade 91% or 78% tetracycline,higher than those (67% or 71%) by ZnWO_4 nanorods.The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies which have been found to reduce photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination and narrow band gap.
Effect of B sites on the catalytic activities for perovskite oxides La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_xFe_(1-x)O_(3-δ) as metal-air batteries catalysts

The effect of B sites on the catalytic activities of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for perovskite oxides La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_xFe_(1-x)O_(3-δ) (x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1,denoted as LSF,LSCF-28,LSCF-46,LSCF-64,LSCF-82 and LSC,respectively) prepared by a convenient and simple method of electrospinning technique is reported.The prepared La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_xFe_(1-x)O_(3-δ) catalysts possess almost same crystal structures,similar morphologies (except for the LSC catalyst) and slightly different BET surface areas.Upon the optimization of the Co/Fe atomic ratio,the optimal LSCF-82 catalyst exhibits the OER performance with a low onset potential of 1.541 V,a small Tafel slope of 80.56 mV dec~(-1),a high charge-transfer rate and a large electrochemical surface area in 0.1 M KOH solution.LSCF-82 catalyst exhibits the long-term stability under the catalytic operation condition for 12 h.Such catalytic activity may mainly cause by the synergy of higher catalytic activity Co and lower catalytic activity Fe.Thus,the reasonable optimization of the transition metal composition in B sites for the perovskite oxides is in favor of the improvement of OER performance.
Microfabricated intracortical extracellular matrix-microelectrodes for improving neural interfaces

Intracortical neural microelectrodes, which can directly interface with local neural microcircuits with high spatial and temporal resolution, are critical for neuroscience research, emerging clinical applications, and brain computer interfaces (BCI). However, clinical applications of these devices remain limited mostly by their inability to mitigate inflammatory reactions and support dense neuronal survival at their interfaces. Herein we report the development of microelectrodes primarily composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which act as a bio-compatible and an electrochemical interface between the microelectrodes and physiological solution. These ECM-microelectrodes are batch fabricated using a novel combination of micro-transfer-molding and excimer laser micromachining to exhibit final dimensions comparable to those of commercial silicon-based microelectrodes. These are further integrated with a removable insertion stent which aids in intracortical implantation. Results from electrochemical models and in vivo recordings from the rat's cortex indicate that ECM encapsulations have no significant effect on the electrochemical impedance characteristics of ECM-microelectrodes at neurologically relevant frequencies. ECM-microelectrodes are found to support a dense layer of neuronal somata and neurites on the electrode surface with high neuronal viability and exhibited markedly diminished neuroinflammation and glial scarring in early chronic experiments in rats.
Oxidation behavior of high-strength FeCrAl alloys in a high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide environment

The oxidation behavior of three high-strength FeCrAl alloys was investigated in supercritical carbon dioxide environment at 650 °C. After exposure for 500 h, the weight gains of the FeCrAl alloys gradually decreased with increasing Al content. The oxide scales are primarily composed of α-Al_2O_3 and spinel oxides. With increasing Al content, the amount of α-Al_2O_3 increases and the C content decreased in the oxide scale and sub-scale matrix. Moreover, larger (Nb,Mo)C carbides formed in the sub-scale matrix and their number decreased with the increase of Al content.
Facile ball-milled synthesis of SnS_2-carbon nanocomposites with superior lithium storage

A facile high-energy ball-milling method was developed to synthesize SnS_2-carbon (SnS_2/C-x (x=40, 50, 60 wt %)) nanocomposites. The results showed that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the SnS_2-C nanocomposites exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability. For the optimized SnS_2/C- 50 wt %nanocomposite, a discharge capacity as high as 700 mA h g~(–1) and the initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8 %were achieved at a current density of 100 mA g~(–1). The unique structure with SnS2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded into carbon network provided abundant Li-ion storage sites, high electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion. The ball-milled synthesis is applicable for large-scale preparation of new sulfide-based anode materials with good performance for LIBs.
Zr~(4+)/F~– co-doped TiO_2(anatase) as high performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

Zr~(4+)and F~– co-doped TiO_2 with the formula of Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_(1.98)F_(0.02)was facilely synthesized by a sol-gel template route. The crystal structure, morphology, composition, surface area, and conductivity were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that Zr4+ and F– homogeneously incorporated into TiO_2, forming solid solution with an anatase structure. Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_(1.98)F_(0.02)shows outstanding electrochemical properties as Li-ion battery anode in comparison with Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_2. In particular, upon 35-fold cycling at 1C-rate Zr~(4+)/F~– co-doped TiO_2 delivers a reversible capacity of 163 mAh g–1, whereas Zr~(4+)-doped TiO_2 gives only 34 mA h g~(–1). Additionally, Zr~(4+)/F~– co-doped TiO_2 retains a capacity of 138 mA h g~(–1)during cycling even at 10 C. The enhance performance originates from improved conductivity of Zr~(4+)/F~– co-doped TiO_2 material through generation of Ti~(3+)(serving as electron donors)into the crystal lattice and, possibly, due to F-doping blocked the anode surface from attack of HF formed as electrolyte decomposition product.
Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: A review

Lithium-ion batteries, with high energy density (up to 705 Wh/L) and power density (up to 10,000 W/L), exhibit high capacity and great working performance. As rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries serve as power sources in various application systems. Temperature, as a critical factor, significantly impacts on the performance of lithium-ion batteries and also limits the application of lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, different temperature conditions result in different adverse effects. Accurate measurement of temperature inside lithiumion batteries and understanding the temperature effects are important for the proper battery management. In this review, we discuss the effects of temperature to lithium-ion batteries at both low and high temperature ranges. The current approaches in monitoring the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries via both contact and contactless processes are also discussed in the review.
中药穴位熏蒸改善卒中后下肢痉挛的疗效观察

肢体痉挛是脑卒中常见并发症,80% ~ 90%卒中患者伴有不同程度痉挛,国外报道为65%。痉挛限制了脑卒中患者肢体活动,降低了患肢运动再学习能力,甚至因肌张力过高而导致关节僵硬、挛缩、疼痛,严重影响患者运动功能恢复,延缓康复治疗进程。我科在常规康复干预基础上采用中药穴位熏蒸治疗卒中后下肢痉挛患者,取得满意临床疗效。
强化生活方式干预对老年帕金森病患者便秘的影响

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种较常见的神经系统变性疾病,常多发于中老年人群,其临床表现包括静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直、姿势步态异常等。便秘是PD患者非运动症状之一,临床上较常见。有研究表明,50%甚至超过70%的PD患者有便秘情况,严重影响患者生活质量,给患者、家属带来沉重心理及经济负担。相关文献报道,PD患者便秘大多与生活习惯、抑郁、Hoehn-Yahr分期有关。为提高PD患者生活质量,改善便秘状况,我科在应用通便药物基础上对老年PD便秘患者实施生活方式干预,获得满意疗效。
富血小板血浆在慢性疼痛中的应用及机制研究

慢性疼痛是指持续3个月以上的疼痛,不仅是一种主观感受,更是机体对多种类疾病的共同病理反应。无论在发达国家还是发展中国家,超过20%的人正遭受着疼痛的折磨,其中半数患者的疼痛程度达到中度或者重度水平,65岁以上老年人慢性疼痛的发生率更是超过50%。此外,由于现代社会伏案工作、学习、娱乐等时间的延长,青年发生颈肩腰腿痛的比例也急剧增加。临床上很多疾病均可引起慢性疼痛,如退行性关节炎、职业性腰背痛、神经卡压综合征、韧带或半月板损伤、肌肉损伤等。
Constructing Odd-Variable Rotation Symmetric Boolean Functions with Optimal Algebraic Immunity and High Nonlinearity∗

Rotation symmetric Boolean functions (RSBFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their good cryptographic properties. We present a new construction of RSBFs with optimal algebraic immunity on odd number of variables. The nonlinearity of the new function is much higher than other best known RSBFs with optimal algebraic immunity. The algebraic degree of the constructed n-variable RSBF can achieve the upper bound n-1 when n/2 is odd or when n/2 is a power of 2 for n≥11. In addition, the constructed function can possess almost perfect immunity to fast algebraic attacks for n=11; 13; 15.
矿物药硼砂的近红外光谱快速定性定量研究

目的利用近红外光谱技术建立矿物药硼砂的快速定性定量分析模型,为硼砂的质量控制提供新的快速分析方法。方法采集各样品近红外光谱,以一阶导数为预处理方法,将正品硼砂样品的平均光谱作为参考光谱,在全谱段范围内计算所有样品光谱与参考光谱之间的相关系数,确定正品与非正品之间的相关系数阈值,建立硼砂的定性分析模型。所有正品硼砂均采用酸碱滴定法测定四硼酸钠的含量,并作为参考值,以矢量归一化加一阶导数17点平滑为预处理方法,在9 100~ 5 700 cm~(-1)谱段内,采用偏最小二乘法建立硼砂的定量分析模型。结果硼砂的定性模型,当相关系数(r)≥ 75.45%时为正品硼砂,当r < 75.45%为非正品硼砂,模型的预测准确率为100%。硼砂定量分析模型,在内部交叉验证中,RMSECV为0.36,R2为99.06%,说明建模的效果好;在外部验证中RMSEP为0.37,R2为98.99%,预测结果最大相对偏差为1.02%,平均相对偏差为0.57%,平均回收率为99.74%,说明模型的预测能力强。结论采用近红外光谱技术建立的硼砂定性定量模型效果良好,可以用于硼砂的快速定性定量分析。
石膏配方颗粒的制备工艺研究

目的优化石膏配方颗粒的提取工艺及成型工艺。方法在单因素试验的基础上,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验法,以出膏率和钙离子含量的综合评分为指标,优化石膏水煎煮提取工艺;以颗粒的成型率、流动性及吸湿率为指标,筛选处方中加入辅料的品种、配比,润湿剂的浓度、用量,优选最佳成型工艺。结果石膏配方颗粒的最佳提取工艺为加12倍量水,提取3次,每次60min;以糊精为辅料的颗粒优于其他品种作辅料的颗粒,最佳成型工艺为主药-糊精(1: 0.1),以70%乙醇为润湿剂,主药与润湿剂的用量比(1: 0.5)。结论该提取工艺科学可靠,成型工艺合理,为石膏配方颗粒制备工艺的确定及进一步开发提供了良好的实验依据。
北美车前种子中三种活性成分的含量测定

目的测定北美车前种子中京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷的含量,为北美车前种子的开发利用提供实验依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),C_(18)(4.6mm×250mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇为流动相A,0.5%的乙酸水溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,检测波长254(0~ 40 min),322 nm(40~ 50 min),同时测定京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷三种成分的含量,柱温30℃,流速1mL·min~(-1)。结果京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷浓度分别在3.6~ 360, 1.924~ 192.4,3.24~ 324 μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系。此方法测得北美车前种子中京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷的含量分别是14.594 6,8.381 7,2.265 6 mg·g~(-1)。结论该方法分离效率高,重复性好,准确可靠,可应用于北美车前种子含量测定;北美车前种子中京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷三种成分的含量均较高,具有一定的药用价值。
中西医学双流汇聚

1981年毕业于湖南医科大学(现中南大学湘雅医学院)生物化学专业,获硕士学位.1986年毕业于中国协和医科大学生物化学与分子生物学专业,获博士学位.1987至1990年在美国加州大学旧金山分校做博士后研究工作.主要从事基因表达调控、基因治疗与心血管疾病发病机制研究.在基因表达调控与基因治疗研究中,发现β珠蛋白基因簇红系增强子HS2及其关键位点,建立BAC介导的α /β珠蛋白基因簇转基因动物模型,发现α-基因簇活性染色质构象( ACH)中珠蛋白基因与看家基因共用转录工厂,发现β基因簇MAR间协同染色质高级构象,发现马利兰可显著增强贫血恒河猴与地贫患儿的胎儿型珠蛋白表达,用杂合寡核苷酸实现了β基因的定点修复,并提出复制叉渗漏寡核苷酸掺入假说等.在心血管疾病发病机制研究中,建立ApoAI /CIII /AIV载脂蛋白基因簇转基因动物模型并发现ApoCIII增强子的调控机制,发现对氧磷酶( PON)基因簇能抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块形成并稳定斑块,系统研究Sirtuins基因家族成员在心血管疾病中的作用.发表综述阐述衰老四层.迄今发表论文200多篇,被引用5000余次.
特殊健康状态儿童预防接种专家共识之十二——感染性疾病与预防接种

感染性疾病是由于细菌、病毒、支原体等病原微生物感染引起的呼吸系统、消化系统、神经系统、泌尿系统等各系统病变。儿童时期常见的有急性上呼吸道感染、中耳炎、鼻窦炎、肺炎、急性胃肠炎、泌尿道感染、腹腔感染、脑炎脑膜炎等。
有机硼小分子受体材料

有机太阳能电池具有柔性、重量轻、溶液加工、成本低的突出优势,适合未来在便携式能源中应用,是当前的国际科学研究热点1–4.有机太阳能电池以有机/高分子给体材料和受体材料的共混物作为光电活性层.受益于稠环芳烃类小分子受体材料的开发,近几年来有机太阳能电池领域迅速发展,其单结器件的效率已经超过了14%,展现了巨大的应用潜力3.
A Composite Risk Measure Framework for Decision Making Under Uncertainty

In this paper, we present a unified framework for decision making under uncertainty. Our framework is based on the composite of two risk measures, where the inner risk measure accounts for the risk of decision if the exact distribution of uncertain model parameters were given, and the outer risk measure quantifies the risk that occurs when estimating the parameters of distribution. We show that the model is tractable under mild conditions. The framework is a generalization of several existing models, including stochastic programming, robust optimization, distributionally robust optimization. Using this framework, we study a few new models which imply probabilistic guarantees for solutions and yield less conservative results compared to traditional models. Numerical experiments are performed on portfolio selection problems to demonstrate the strength of our models.
Determination of fire risk to assist fire management for insular areas: the case of a small Greek island

Forest fire risk estimation constitutes an essential process to prevent high-intensity fires which are associated with severe implications to the natural and cultural environment. The primary aim of this research was to determine fire risk levels based on the local features of an island, namely, the impact of fuel structures, slope, aspects, as well as the impact of the road network and inhabited regions. The contribution of all the involved factors to forest fires ignition and behavior highlight certain regions which are highly vulnerable. In addition, the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors to forest fire phenomena is explored. In this study, natural factors play a dominant role compared to anthropogenic factors. Hence essential preventative measures must focus on specific areas and established immediately. Indicative measures may include: the optimal allocation of watchtowers as well as the spatial optimization of mobile firefighting vehicles; and, forest fuel treatments in areas characterized by extremely high fire risk. The added value of this fire prediction tool is that it is highly flexible and could be adopted elsewhere with the necessary adjustments to local characteristics.
Environmental parameters and tree physiology in two semiarid land use systems in Brazil

To determine if reduced tree densities (number of trees per unit area) lead to changes in micro-meteorological and tree physiological characteristics, two areas with different tree densities were assessed. One was an agrosilvopastoral system (AGP) with low tree density, and the other, a secondary forest (SF) with greater tree numbers, both located in a semiarid region of Brazil. Data were collected simultaneously by two automated weather stations: rainfall, air (Ta) and soil temperatures (Ts5cm), relative humidity (RHair), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil moisture at two depths (Ms30cm and Ms50cm), and wind velocity (Vw). Net photosynthesis in Cordia oncocalyx Allemao trees was measured with an infrared gas analyzer in February, March, May, July, August and September 2011, which encompasses a rainy period followed by a dry period. Average values of Ta, Ts5cm, Vw and PAR were greater and average values of RHair and Ms50cm were lesser in the AGP. Photosynthetic rates were greater in plants growing under the AGP at the onset of the dry season when Vw, PAR and Ts5cm were greater and Ms50cm was lesser. Photosynthetic rates correlated strongly with physical parameters during the dry season, especially under SF. Differences in tree numbers between AGP and SF led to differences in physical environmental parameters; however, the latter had less influence on photosynthetic rates in C. oncocalyx during the rainy season. During the dry season, all physical parameters had an impact on net photosynthesis under SF but not under AGP. This indicates a certain independence of plants in AGP.
Effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic physiological parameters of Populus × euramericana "Neva"

Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva’’ is the main poplar species in China, where drought stress is becoming extremely urgent. We carried out this research to study the effects of drought stress on the photosynthesis of Populus 9 euramericana ‘‘Neva’’. Drought stress was induced by 58–62% (light), 48–52% (moderate), and 38–42% (severe) relative soil moisture content (RSMC). The effects of drought stress on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and other related physiological parameters were investigated during treatment. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N), and stomatal conductance decreased significantly and intercellular CO_2 concentration initially increased and then declined, whereas the stomatal limitation factors showed opposite trends in the light under moderate drought stress. Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, and photochemical quenching decreased gradually under drought stress, whereas nonphotochemical quenching initially increased and then declined. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities initially increased and then decreased as RSMC was reduced, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electric conductivity (REC) increased gradually. These results suggest that stomatal factors accounted for the decline in P_N under light and moderate drought stress, whereas leaf P_N decreased mainly due to non-stomatal factors under severe drought stress. PSII was damaged; thus, photosynthetic electron transfer was restricted, indicating that heat dissipation is important for the light protection mechanism of plants. Antioxidant enzymes increased at the beginning of treatment, and the increased MDA and REC led to cell membrane damage. These results suggest that poplar seedlings stabilized their photosynthetic apparatus by reducing the light trapping ability under light and moderate drought stress conditions. This helped dissipate heat and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity. Stomatal factors accounted for the decline in P_N, whereas damage to PSII and antioxidant enzymes under severe drought stress suggested that the decline in P_N was caused by non-stomatal restrictive factors.
Laser-Diode Pumped Passive Q-Switched Laser with Quick Tunable Pulse-Width Capability

A laser-diode pumped passive Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr~(4+):YAG laser with quick tunable pulse-width capability is studied and experimentally demonstrated. By focusing the auxiliary controlling laser beam onto a Cr~(4+):YAG crystal and thereby changing the initial transmission of the Cr~(4+):YAG crystal, laser pulses with different pulse widths can be achieved. The obtained laser pulse width is tunable in the range of 550–1492 ps with a fixed cavity length of 7 mm. The laser can be used to achieve different pulse widths between two pulses in the range of sub-nanosecond to a few tens of nanoseconds.
Influence of Precursor Powder Fabrication Methods on the Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Tapes

Bi-2223 precursor powders are prepared by both oxalate co-precipitation (CP) and spray pyrolysis (SP) methods. The influence of fabrication methods on the superconducting properties of Bi-2223 tapes are systematically studied. Compared to the CP method, SP powder exhibits spherical particle before calcination and smaller particle size after calcinations with more uniform chemical composition, which leads to a lower reaction temperature during calcination process for Bi-2223 tapes. Meanwhile, the non-superconducting phases in SP powder are more uniformly distributed with smaller particle sizes. These features result in finer homogeneity of critical current in large-length of Bi-2223 tape, higher density of filaments and better texture after heat treatment. Therefore, the SP method could be considered as a better route to prepare precursor powder for large-length Bi-2223 tape fabrication.
Spatial distribution of the potential forest biomass availability in Europe

Background: European forests are considered a crucial resource for supplying biomass to a growing bio-economy in Europe. This study aimed to assess the potential availability of forest biomass from European forests and its spatial distribution. We tried to answer the questions (i) how is the potential forest biomass availability spatially distributed across Europe and (ii) where are hotspots of potential forest biomass availability located? Methods: The spatial distribution of woody biomass potentials was assessed for 2020 for stemwood, residues (branches and harvest losses) and stumps for 39 European countries. Using the European Forest Information SCENario (EFISCEN) model and international forest statistics, we estimated the theoretical amount of biomass that could be available based on the current and future development of the forest age-structure, growing stock and increment and forest management regimes. We combined these estimates with a set of environmental (site productivity, soil and water protection and biodiversity protection) and technical (recovery rate, soil bearing capacity) constraints, which reduced the amount of woody biomass that could potentially be available. We mapped the potential biomass availability at the level of administrative units and at the 10 km × 10 km grid level to gain insight into the spatial distribution of the woody biomass potentials. Results: According to our results, the total availability of forest biomass ranges between 357 and 551 Tg dry matter per year. The largest potential supply of woody biomass per unit of land can be found in northern Europe (southern Finland and Sweden, Estonia and Latvia), central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, and southern Germany), Slovenia, southwest France and Portugal. However, large parts of these potentials are already used to produce materials and energy. The distribution of biomass potentials that are currently unused only partially coincides with regions that currently have high levels of wood production. Conclusions: Our study shows how the forest biomass potentials are spatially distributed across the European continent, thereby providing insight into where policies could focus on an increase of the supply of woody biomass from forests. Future research on potential biomass availability from European forests should also consider to what extent forest owners would be willing to mobilise additional biomass from their forests and at what costs the estimated potentials could be mobilised.
High-throughput quantification of microbial birth and death dynamics using fluorescence microscopy

Background: Microbes live in dynamic environments where nutrient concentrations fluctuate. Quantifying fitness in terms of birth rate and death rate in a wide range of environments is critical for understanding microbial evolution and ecology. Methods: Here, using high-throughput time-lapse microscopy, we have quantified how Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants incapable of synthesizing an essential metabolite (auxotrophs) grow or die in various concentrations of the required metabolite.We establish that cells normally expressing fluorescent proteins lose fluorescence upon death and that the total fluorescence in an imaging frame is proportional to the number of live cells even when cells form multiple layers. We validate our microscopy approach of measuring birth and death rates using flow cytometry, cell counting, and chemostat culturing. Results: For lysine-requiring cells, very low concentrations of lysine are not detectably consumed and do not support cell birth, but delay the onset of death phase and reduce the death rate compared to no lysine. In contrast, in low hypoxanthine, hypoxanthine-requiring cells can produce new cells, yet also die faster than in the absence of hypoxanthine. For both strains, birth rates under various metabolite concentrations are better described by the sigmoidal-shaped Moser model than the well-known Monod model, while death rates can vary with metabolite concentration and time. Conclusions: Our work reveals how time-lapse microscopy can be used to discover non-intuitive microbial birth and death dynamics and to quantify growth rates in many environments.