mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon

The effect of anomalous snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian summer monsoon is investigated by numerical simulations using the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM2) into which gravity wave drag has been introduced. The simulations adopt relatively realistic snow mass forcings based on Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) pentad snow depth data. The physical mechanism and spatial structure of the sensitivity of the South Asian early summer monsoon to snow cover anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau are revealed. The main results are summarized as follows. The heavier than normal snow cover over the Plateau can obviously reduce the shortwave radiation absorbed by surface through the albedo effect, which is compensated by weaker upward sensible heat flux associated with colder surface temperature, whereas the effects of snow melting and evaporation are relatively smaller.The anomalies of surface heat fluxes can last until June and become unobvions in July. The decrease of the Plateau surface temperature caused by heavier snow cover reaches its maximum value from late April to early May. The atmospheric cooling in the mid-upper troposphere over the Plateau and its surrounding areas is most obvious in May and can keep a fairly strong intensity in June. In contrast, there is warming to the south of the Plateau in the mid-lower troposphere from April to June with a maximum value in May.The heavier snow cover over the Plateau can reduce the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon and rainfall to some extent, but this influence is only obvious in early summer and almost disappears in later stages.
The Structure and Rainfall Features of Tropical Cyclone Rammasun (2002)

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data [TRMM Microwave Imager/Precipitation Radar/Visible and Infrared Scanner (TMI/PR/VIRS)] and a numerical model are used to investigate the structure and rainfall features of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Rammasun (2002). Based on the analysis of TRMM data, which are diagnosed together with NCEP/AVN [Aviation (global model)] analysis data,some typical features of TC structure and rainfall are preliminary discovered. Since the limitations of TRMM data are considered for their time resolution and coverage, the world observed by TRMM at several moments cannot be taken as the representation of the whole period of the TC lifecycle, therefore the picture should be reproduced by a numerical model of high quality. To better understand the structure and rainfall features of TC Rammasun, a numerical simulation is carried out with mesoscale model MM5in which the validations have been made with the data of TRMM and NCEP/AVN analysis.
潍北地区深层井眼坍塌原因及处理措施

潍北地区位于山东省昌邑县境内,属昌潍坳陷,是胜利油田的一个重点探区,地质预测含气,主要储集层为沙河街组和孔店组,自上而下钻遇的层位有第四系、上第三系和下第三系.
Assessment of Several Moist Adiabatic Processes Associated with Convective Energy Calculation

Several methods dealing with the moist adiabatic process are described in this paper. They are based on static energy conservation, pseudo-equivalent potential temperature conservation, the strict pseudoadiabatic equation, and the reversible moist adiabatic process, respectively. Convective energy parameters, which are closely related to the moist adiabatic process and which reflect the gravitational effects of condensed liquid water, are reintroduced or defined, including MCAPE [Modified-CAPE (convective available potential energy)], DCAPE (Downdraft-CAPE), and MDCAPE (Modified-Downdraft-CAPE). Two real case analyses with special attention given to condensed liquid water show that the selection of moist adiabatic process does affect the calculated results of CAPE and the gravitational effects of condensed liquid water are not negligible in severe storms. Intercomparisons of these methods show that static energy conservation is consistent with pseudo-equivalent potential temperature conservation not only in physical properties but also in calculated results, and both are good approximations to the strict pseudo-adiabatic equation. The lapse rate linked with the reversible moist adiabatic process is relatively smaller than that linked with other moist adiabatic processes, especially when considering solidification of liquid water in the reversible adiabatic process.
裂缝性泥岩探井水平井取心工具的研制和应用

水平井在开采裂缝互不连通的裂缝性油气藏、有水锥的油气藏、有气锥的油气藏以及薄差油气藏方面具有重大作用,水平岩心为直接研究岩相和储层非均质性的横向变化以及垂直裂缝的间距和流体分布提供了第一性的资料,这些资料是研究水平井动态的基础,对进行油藏模拟有重要意义.
Impacts of Cloud-Induced Mass Forcing on the Development of Moist Potential Vorticity Anomaly During Torrential Rains

The impacts of cloud-induced mass forcing on the development of the moist potential vorticity (MPV)anomaly associated with torrential rains are investigated by using NCEP/NCAR 1°× 1° data. The MPV tendency equation with the cloud-induced mass forcing is derived, and applied to the torrential rain event over the Changjiang River-Huaihe River Valleys during 26-30 June 1999. The result shows that positive anomalies are located mainly between 850 hPa and 500 hPa, while the maximum MPV, maximum positive tendency of the MPV, and maximum surface rainfall are nearly collocated. The cloud-induced mass forcing contributes to the positive tendency of the moist potential vorticity anomaly. The results indicate that the MPV may be used to track the propagation of rain systems for operational applications.
Exact Penalty Function and Asymptotic Strong Nonlinear Duality in Integer Programming

In this paper, a logarithmic-exponential penalty function with two parameters for integer programming is discussed. We obtain the exact penalty properties and then establish the asymptotic strong nonlinear duality in the corresponding logarithmic-exponential dual formulation by using the obtained exact penalty properties. The discussion is based on the logarithmic-exponential nonlinear dual formulation proposed in [6].
Studies of Composition and Structure of CO2 Corrosion Film of X56 Steel in the Medium of CO2 and Salt Water

The X56 steel samples was corroded in the medium of salt water solution at the conditions of CO2 partial pressure PCo2 0.5 to 2.0 MPa, temperature 80 ℃ and flow rate 1.4m/s. Corrosion weigh loss, composition and structure, morphology and phase of corrosion films of the samples were investigate by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. The results indicated that the corrosion degree was accelerated with increasing PCo2. The intense localised corrosion occurred on the surface of samples.The corrosion films mainly comprised of FeCO3 and complex phase products (Fe, Ca....)CO3. There exists serious pitting on the metal substrates under the corrosion film. The theoretic and experimental analyses indicate this is caused by existed micropores or micro holes in films, which have the function of mass transportation.
Shear Strength Measurements in LY-12 Aluminium Alloy During Shock Loading

Lateral stress of LY-12 aluminium alloy under plate impact shock loading was measured. Based on the measured data, the Hugoniot relation and shear strength were obtained. The result has demonstrated that the shear strength of the tested material increases remarkably with the increasing longitudinal stress. This means that the assumption of constant shear strength usually adopted in shock stress calculation is not suitable for the present material.
Nanowear of a Zr Based Bulk Metallic Glass/Nanocrystalline Alloy

The hardness, elastic modulus, nano-scratch resistance and wear depth for a bulk metallic glass of Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10 and its partial crystallization alloys have been measured by using nanoindentation method. The results showed that partial crystallization did not influence the reduced elastic modulus but increased the hardness, and then increased the scratch coefficient. The scratch coefficient increased linearly with increasing the hardness H but decreases when H＞6.2GPa. Partial crystallization decreased evidently the wear depth, and when the load was large the wear depth decreased with increasing the hardness.
Possibilities of Increase of Adhesion of the Cubic Boron Nitride Coatings by Applying an Interfacial Layers

In the work the chosen investigations of the adhesion force of thin, superhard coatings to the cutting edges made of cemented carbides are presented. For identification of the adhesion force of coatings to substrate an automatic scratch tester constructed at Poznan University of Technology was applied. The estimation of the adhesion force (value of critical load measured during scratch test) was carried out on the base of the vibration signal. Results of investigations are pointed at the influence of a surface preparation (degreasing, etching, low and high-temperature sputtering) on a critical load values.It was found that the most effective method for surface preparation is low temperature sputtering. The influence of the TiC+Al2O3+TiN interfacial layer on increase of the adhesion force of BN coating to cemented carbides substrate was observed.
Dust Charging in the Sheath of an Electronegative Plasma

We theoretically investigate the dust charging in the sheath of an electronegative plasma, by using a single dust grain model based on a previous sheath structure [Chin. Phys. Lett 20 (2003) 1537] in which cold positive ions and hot negative ions have been assumed. It is found that dust grains are first charged negatively at the sheath edge and then begin to be charged positively in the sheath. Moreover, both the temperature ratio of electrons to negative ions and the density ratio of negative ions to positive ions have effects on the neutral point of the dust charge.
Adaptive finite element method for high-speed flow-structure interaction

An adaptive finite element method for high-speed flow-structure interaction is presented. The cell-centered finite element method is combined with an adaptive meshing technique to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for high-speed compressible flow behavior. The energy equation and the quasi-static structural equations for aerodynamically heated structures are solved by applying the Galerkin finite element method. The finite element formulation and computational procedure are described. Interactions between the high-speed flow, structural heat transfer, and deformation are studied by two applications of Mach 10 flow over an inclined plate, and Mach 4 flow in a channel.
Preliminary Study to Identify Criterion for Quench Crack Prevention by Computer Simulation

A criterion for preventing quench cracks has not been established although much research has been conducted in this field. A few predictions of cracking have been recently reported using simulated results of heat treatment processes.However, these results were insufficient to predict crack generation clearly because the mechanism relates not only to stress distributions in the parts but also to material characteristics. Systematic studies by the combination of experiment and simulation are therefore required to reliably identify a criterion for crack prevention by computer simulation. As a preliminary work before starting the full-scale research, a review of quench cracking research was conducted and existing test methods were classified. Several test results for cylindrical specimens were simulated for considering a cause of the crack generation. Lastly a tentative plan was made for the future research.
Pharmacokinetics of magnesium lithospermate B after intravenous administration in beagle dogs

AIM: To develop a specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the pharmacokinetic study of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), and study the pharmacokinetics of MLB after iv administration in beagle dogs. METHODS: Each beagle dog was iv administered MLB 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg random. The serum drug concentration was determined by specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Drug and Statistics version 1.0 program. RESULTS: The calibration curve for MLB was linear over a range of 16-4096 μg/L with coefficients of correlation >0.999. The intra- and inter-day precisions (CV) of analysis were <10 %, and accuracy ranged from 90 % to 113 %. After iv administration of MLB at the doses of 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg, the C0 values for MLB were estimated to be of 24, 47, and 107 mg/L, respectively. The AUC increased with the increasing doses for iv administration, and the mean AUC0-t values were 109.3, 247.9, and 582.4 mg·min·L-1, respectively. MLB was distributed and eliminated quickly from central compartment, the mean T1/2α values for MLB at doses of 3, 6, 12 mg/kg were 2.2, 2.7, and 2.9 min, and the mean T1/2β values were 43, 42, and 42 min, respectively. CONCLUSION: This LC-MS/MS method is rapid, sensitive, and specific for the pharmacokinetic study of MLB. The kinetic process of MLB in beagle dogs in vivo was best fitted to a two-compartment model. For iv administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters of C0 and AUC have good linearity among the doses, and MLB was distributed and eliminated quickly in beagle dogs.
Active Loss of Light Yield of PbWO4:Y Scintillation Crystals After Irradiation

PWO crystals doped with yttrium were grown with the Bridgman method in platinum crucible and by using an indigenously developed resistive heating furnace. After an exposure of γ-ray from a 60Co source, with the dose rate of 15 rad/h for 20 h, the light output increases for about 15%, accompanied with vanishing of an optical absorption band at 420 nm. The excitation and emission spectra of PWO crystals were measured before and after irradiation with different dose rates. The optical absorption band at 420 nm was also found in the PWO sample annealed in oxygen-rich atmosphere. It is suggested that the absorption band at 420 nm is related to Pb3+ point defects existing in the PWO crystal. The unusual change of light output after irradiation probably results from the transformation of lead ions from Pb3+ to Pb2+.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE RE- FLECTING SURFACE SYSTEM OF A LARGE ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE

The reflecting Schmidt plate system of the large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope (LAMOST) serves active optical correction with a reflecting surface of segmented mirror. An azimuth-altitude mounting is adopted with two self-aligning ball bearings for altitude axis and hydrostatic bearings for azimuth. With static and modal analyses, finite element modeling of the full Schmidt plate system is discussed. Conventional seismic response spectrum has been adapted for particular application for telescope engineering before a seismic response spectrum analysis is performed, and results have confirmed that the design of the reflecting Schmidt plate manifests good performance and can survive the seismic intensity of up to 7 magnitude specified by technical requirements.
Preparation of Nano-Graphite Films and Field Emission Properties

Nano-graphite films have been deposited on n-Si substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition. The surface morphology and microstructure of the films were tested by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In the field emission measurement, a turn-on field of 0.5 V/μm and a high emission-site density of 105/cm2 on a tested emission area of (34×35 mm2) have been obtained.
Influence of External Magnetic Field on Anomalous Skin Effects in Inductively Coupled Plasmas

Using a one-dimensional slab model, we study the influence of the external static magnetic field on the anomalous skin effects in the inductively coupled plasma. The rf electromagnetic field in the plasma is determined by solving the linearized Boltzmann equation incorporating the Maxwell equations. The numerical results show that, due to the existence of the external magnetic field, the anomalous skin effects are greatly enhanced and the number of regions with negative absorption is decreased.
Effects of Ag Doping on Magnetoresistance of La0.833 K0.167MnO3 Polycrystalline Perovskite Manganites

The microstructure, magnetic and transport properties of the heterogeneous system with a nominal composition (1/m)Ag2O-La0.833K0.167MnO3 (1/m is molar ratio with m = 32, 16, 8, 4, and 2) have been studied. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that all the samples are two-phase composite and consist of a magnetic La0.833K0.167MnO3 (LKMO) perovskite phase and a nonmagnetic metal Ag phase. The room-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) effect is enhanced significantly due to the addition of Ag. For the m = 4 sample, we obtain MR values up to 32% under a lower field of 0.5 T and 67 % under a higher field of 5.5 T at the temperature of 300 K, which are much larger than the corresponding MR values (10% and 35%) of the LKMO sample without Ag. In the low-temperature range from 4.2 K to 250 K, the MR values of the Ag-added samples however decrease with the increasing Ag content in the samples. This effect is discussed qualitatively by using the relative contribution from the intrinsic MR effect and the extrinsic MR effect including the spin-polarized-tunnelling and spin-dependent scattering effects in different temperature regions.
Compression Behaviour and Equation of State of Zr44.4Nb7Cu13.5Ni10.8Be24.3 Bulk Metallic Glass up to 39 GPa

The compression of Zr44.4Nb7Cu13.5Ni10.8Be24.3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated at room temperature up to 39 GPa using {in situ} high-pressure energy dispersive x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron radiation source. The equation of state of the BMG is obtained by the calculation of the radial distribution function. Pressure-induced structural relaxation is exhibited. It is found that below about 6 GPa, the existence of excess free volume contributes to the rapid structural relaxation, which gives rise to rapid volumetric change, and the structural relaxation results in structural stiffness under higher pressure.
Identification of Heat Transfer Coefficients by Use Conditions of Quenching Oil

Heat transfer coefficients of the quench medium are necessary for heat-treatment simulation. Cooling characteristics of quenching oil vary with kinds and usage greatly. Users are selecting oil solutions that come up to their desired hardness and quenching distortion requirements. In particular cooling performance rises by agitation and decompression. Therefore we identified a heat transfer coefficient by usage and kinds of quenching oil. Cooling characteristics are different greatly by a kind of quenching oil. A difference of a cooling characteristic by a kind of oil depends on a temperature range of a boiling stage and the maximum heat transfer coefficient mainly. On the other hand, in a convection stage, there are few changes in a boiling stage. Even if quenching oil temperature is changed, heat transfer coefficients do not change greatly. When quenching oil stirred, heat transfer coefficients of vapor blanket stage and a convection stage rise, but there are a few changes in a boiling stage. When quenching oil is decompressed a temperature range of a high heat transfer coefficient moves to the low temperature side. In addition, a heat transfer coefficient in a vapor blanket stage comes down. For precision improvement of heat-treatment simulation, it is important that the heat transfer coefficient is calculated in conformity to the on-site use reality.
Ceramic Conversion Treatment of Titanium Aluminide for Improved Tribological Properties

Gamma-based titanium aluminides have great potential in the automotive industries (e.g. valves in a car engine),but tribological property could be one of the crucial factors in determining the life and performance of a titanium aluminide part. A surface modification technique, namely ceramic conversion (CC) treatment has been developed to improve the tribological properties of a γ-based titanium aluminide (Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr-B), and the surface properties were fully characterised. The results indicate that ceramic conversion treatment can produce an oxide layer consisting of a top TiO2 surface followed by a mixture of TiO2 and Al2O3. Such hardened layer has significantly improved the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the intermetallics, as evidenced by an increase of scuffing load up to 4 times and a wear rate reduction of two orders of magnitude. The coefficient of friction has also been reduced from 0.5-0.7 for the untreated to an average of 0.22 for the CC-treated alloy under dry sliding contact conditions.
Thin-Film Enhanced Goos–H?nchen Shift in Total Internal Reflection

It is reported that the Goos–H?nchen (GH) shift of both TE and TM light beams totally reflected from a dielectric interface can be greatly enhanced by a dielectric thin film without changing the property of total internal reflection. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretical analysis and show that the enhanced GH shift can be as large as the width of the beam for beam's width up to 820 times of the wavelength. This may stimulate investigations in other areas of physics and may lead to interesting applications in optical devices. The enhancement of the GH shift is accompanied by the enhancement of the intensity of the decaying field in the optically thin medium and of the propagating field inside the film.
Optical Design of Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells

In nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) the absorption of a large fraction of the incident solar radiation is important for achieving high efficiencies. We develop a model to include both the optical process and the electrochemical process. This model allows us to calculate the performance of the different optical designs (for example the different scattering layers and the different reflecting plane). It is found that appropriate optical designs can improve the performance of DSSCs greatly.
Improved Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloys AZ31 and AZ91HP by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment

Surface treatment of magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ91HP by a high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB)was investigated in the present paper. The corrosion resistance of treated samples was tested in a 5% (wt%) NaCl solution,showing remarkably improvement as manifested by polarization curves. According to EPMA analysis, the intermetallic Mg17Al12 in the surface layer of AZ91HP sample almost disappeared after the treatment of HCPEB, leaving the surface layer in a state of supersaturated solid solution. Both the augmentation of aluminum content and the formation of supersaturated structure in the surface layer are believed to contribute to the improved corrosion resistance of AZ31 and AZ91HP.
Research on the Formation of Metal-Ceramic Surface Composite Coating by Wide-Band Laser Cladding

Large-area in-situ synthesized TiB2 (TiB, Fe2B)-Fe metal-ceramic composite coating has been fabricated on medium carbon steel by laser cladding with the optimal laser parameters and overlapping coefficient. The bonding interfaces between the cladding layer and the matrix and among different tracks are excellent. Microanalysis on the cladding layer shows that the morphology is a little different from each other and the element distribution and the mechanical properties are unanimous in each track while the mechanical property of the cladding layer shows a gradual change from the surface to the matrix. The in-situ separating out thin ceramic phases in the coating contribute to the improving of its properties greatly.
Generation of an Entangled State of Two Multilevel Atoms in Cavity QED

We present a simple scheme to generate a maximally entangled state of two four-level Rydberg atoms with a nonresonant cavity by cavity-assisted collisions. By using this scheme, the maximally entangled state of two N-level (N>4) Rydberg atoms can also be obtained. During the passage of the atoms through the cavity field, they are only virtually excited. There is no quantum information that will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity in this case.