mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Jasmonic acid-isoleucine formation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by two enzymes with distinct transcription profiles

The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs, but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear. Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-Ile is recognized by the jasmonate receptor. The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases, belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) proteins. Here, in vitro studies of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz) GH3 enzymes, VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9, demonstrated JA-conjugating activities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates, including isoleucine. Expression studies of the corresponding genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-Ile measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process. In response to methyl JA (MeJA) treatment, and in wounded and unwounded (distal) leaves, VvGH3-9 transcripts accumulated, indicating a participation in the JA response. In contrast, VvGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding, demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of VvGH3-7 and VvGH3- 9. The transient induction of VvGH3-7 in unwounded, distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal.
一对胸腹部联体婴儿分离后巨大软组织缺损的修复

联体双胎是一种罕见的先天性畸形,患病率约1/(5 ~ 10)万,分为对称性与非对称性2种,联体可发生于头、颈、胸、腹、臀等部位,以胸腹部联体最多见,分娩后成活率为1/20万,成功分离并双双成活者更为罕见。2013年8月,我们为一对称性胸腹联体婴儿进行分体手术并获得成功,术后随访10个月,皮瓣成活良好且外观平整。
伤寒杆菌引起化脓性髋关节炎1例报告

伤寒杆菌是肠道沙门氏菌的一个血清型,主要经粪口途径传播,常引起急性肠胃炎。感染伤寒杆菌可出现各种表现,如伤寒热、败血症、肠胃炎及病菌携带状态等。败血症可以伴或不伴局部化脓性病灶,局部化脓灶可以侵犯人体各个部位,也包括骨关节组织。虽然人类容易感染伤寒杆菌,但是由其引起的化脓性关节炎则非常罕见。作者在临床上遇到一例系统性红斑狼疮患者并发伤寒杆菌性化脓性髋关节炎,现将病例报告如下。
McCune - Albright综合征2例报道并文献回顾

McCune - Albright Syndrome(MAS)又称为多发性骨纤维发育不良伴性早熟综合征,以皮肤咖啡斑、性早熟、多发性骨纤维发育不良为特点。临床上较为少见,该病呈散发性,女性发病率是男性的两倍。2014年6 ~7月,本科分别收治了2例McCune - Al-bright综合征患者,报道如下。
肾病综合征合并黄斑水肿一例

NS是一组典型表现为蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、高度水肿、高脂血症的临床症候群。大量蛋白尿是NS患者水肿产生的直接原因。大量蛋白自尿液排出,血浆中蛋白浓度降低,导致血浆胶体渗透压的下降,血液中水分渗透到组织间隙中导致水肿;此外,钠离子潴留造成血容量增加,使组织间液滤过提高,水肿进一步加剧。这可能也是导致视网膜层间水肿的原因。
早期玻璃体切割手术治疗眼后节受累的开放性眼外伤疗效观察

玻璃体切割手术是治疗眼后节受累的开放性眼外伤的有效方法,但手术时机选择及其对预后的影响存在不同观点。有学者认为,在受伤1周后,待伤情相对稳定时行玻璃体切割手术较好,可避免过早手术带来的更多并发症;也有学者认为,在伤后1周内即早期行玻璃体切割手术能有效遏制眼内炎症发展,抑制增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)的发生发展。为了评价早期玻璃体切割手术治疗眼后节受累的开放性眼外伤的临床疗效,我们对比观察了受伤1周内与1周后行玻璃体切割手术治疗者视力恢复及视网膜复位率的差异。现将结果报道如下。
子宫内膜癌早期诊断专题讨论-子宫内膜癌的流行病学及高危因素

子宫内膜癌在美国、欧洲等发达地区,目前已接近新发妇科恶性肿瘤的50%,2015年美国子宫内膜癌的新发病例54870例,死亡病例10170例。近二十年,英国的子宫内膜癌发病率上升1.5倍,美国同期子宫内膜癌的发病率和死亡率分别升高1.1%和0.3%。在日本,近二十年来子宫内膜癌与宫颈癌的比例由1∶9现已接近1∶1,且有向年轻化发展的趋势。近年来,我国随着经济快速发展,人们的生活习惯及饮食结构发生了很大改变,随着代谢性疾病的增加,子宫内膜癌也出现了发病率升高和发病年轻化的趋势。我国2004~2008年中国肿瘤登记的数据表明,子宫肿瘤发病率上升为1.5倍。北京市肿瘤登记办公室数据显示,2001年以来子宫内膜癌发病率明显高于宫颈癌,2008年后已成为发病率最高的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤。
子宫内膜癌早期诊断专题讨论-子宫内膜细胞块在子宫内膜癌筛查和早期诊断中的作用

子宫内膜癌已成为欧美等发达国家威胁女性生殖健康的首位恶性肿瘤,且发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势。能降低子宫内膜癌的发病率和死亡率的有效方法是对子宫内膜癌进行早期筛查和诊断。国内外多个研究证实子宫内膜细胞学检查(ECT)可能成为高危因素人群子宫内膜癌早期筛查和诊断的可行方法。ECT检查获取子宫内膜细胞标本制备成细胞涂片,镜下观察细胞形态学的特点进行分级评价。一直以来,细胞涂片阅片困难是制约ECT检查临床广泛应用的主要原因之一。细胞块技术作为细胞学的重要辅助方法,常用于细针穿刺细胞学、胸腹水细胞学及宫颈液基细胞学的辅助诊断,收集液基细胞学剩余标本制备成细胞块能提供更多的诊断信息,提高液基细胞学诊断准确性。随着ECT检查的临床推广,收集液基细胞学剩余标本制备成高质量的细胞块,对提高子宫内膜癌的早期筛查和诊断具有重要意义。现就子宫内膜细胞块制备、细胞块优缺点和诊断局限性、液基细胞学和细胞块联合用于子宫内膜癌筛查和早期诊断中的作用进行讨论。
秦艽种质资源主要生物学特性与龙胆苦苷含量的相关分析

目的:分析秦艽种质资源主要生物学特性与龙胆苦苷含量的相关性。方法:基于已建立的高效液相色谱法测定收集的40份秦艽种质资源根中龙胆苦苷的含量,采用SPSS 16.0软件中的Spearman秩相关和回归分析中的最优尺度分析秦艽种质资源主要生物学特性与龙胆苦苷含量的相关性。结果:收集的40份秦艽种质根中龙胆苦苷的含量为7.56%~11.32%,龙胆苦苷含量和莲座叶叶形、顶端花序密度具有极显著的相关性,莲座叶的叶形越窄则根中龙胆苦苷的含量越高,顶端花序越密则根中龙胆苦苷含量越高;根中龙胆苦苷含量和花萼颜色、茎颜色具有显著相关性,颜色越深,龙胆苦苷含量越高。结论:以提高龙胆苦苷含量为目标选育优良单株时,莲座叶为披针形、顶端花序密集、花萼颜色和茎颜色为红色或红绿色的秦艽资源是主要选育对象。
Electrochemical performance of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2 with different synthesis methods

LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2 as a cathode material for Li-ion battery was prepared by the metal acetate decomposition method, sol–gel method, and carbonate co-precipitation method, respectively. The influences of synthesis methods on the physical and electrochemical behaviors of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical tests. XRD patterns show that both the sol–gel and carbonate co-precipitation methods can form single phase of layered structure, while a trace of NiO impurity is observed via the metal acetate decomposition method. SEM results show the as-prepared carbonate particle has a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 10 lm, consisted of primary nano-sized particles with particle diameter of 200 nm. The sample prepared by the carbonate co-precipitation method exhibits the highest discharge specific capacity and the best cycling stability, which results from the steady homogeneity of precursor constant by the fixation of CO_3~(2-) group. It can deliver an initial discharge specific capacity of 186.3 mAh·g~(-1), and retain 170 mAh·g~(-1) after 100 cycles at a current rate of 20 mA·g~(-1) in the voltage range of 2.5–4.7 V at 25 ℃. Moreover, even at the high temperature of 55 ℃, it still delivers a reversible specific capacity of 222.6 mAh·g~(-1) with little capacity loss after 30 cycles.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Ti-doped Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C cathode materials

Ti-doped Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state method. The properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopic (SEM), and electrochemical tests. XRD results indicate that Ti-doping and carbon coating do not alter the structure of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3. SEM images show that Ti-doping could reduce the particle size of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3. Electrochemical tests reveal that Li_3V_(1.95)Ti_(0.05)(PO_4)_3/C possesses the best electrochemical performances. It delivers the first discharge specific capacities of 124.4, 123.5, 120.9, and 114.9 mAh·g~(-1) at 0.1C, 1.0C, 2.0C, and 3.0C rates, respectively, and shows excellent cycling performance. The improved electrochemical performances are attributed to the Ti-doping, which increases the electronic and ionic conductivities of the cathode material.
羊痘1例

羊痘又名传染性脓疱性皮炎,由羊痘病毒感染所致。羊痘病毒属副牛痘病毒组,是一种对乙醚敏感的双链DNA病毒,有亲表皮特性。本病主要侵犯绵羊和山羊,特别是羔羊。羊感染后可在嘴唇及口周形成结痂的脓疱,故而获得“结痂的嘴唇”的描述。人主要是由于直接接触了病羊或接触了病羊污染的物品而被感染,故多见于牧羊人、兽医及屠宰工人等。人与人之间的相互传染尚未有报道。本病潜伏期五六天。皮损好发于手及前臂,初起为红色或紫红色小丘疹,单个或多个,质硬,可扩展增大至直径2~5 cm,变为平顶出血性大疱,随后中央结痂,痂皮脱落后不断渗血,故临床上易误诊为化脓性肉芽肿或角化棘皮瘤。皮损可伴有瘙痒或疼痛,外周有红晕。较严重者可出现泛发性水疱、淋巴管炎、淋巴结炎和发热等症状。病程自限,皮损常3周内消退,一般不留瘢痕。本病传染后有终生免疫力,二次接种感染少见。皮损组织病理表现为棘层有明显的细胞内及细胞间水肿,空泡形成,以及气球样变,真皮内有致密炎性细胞浸润,血管增多,血管内皮肿胀及增生。为明确病羊的存在及病羊皮损特点,作者到畜牧场进行了实地调查,观察发现病羊唇部及口周有脓疱及结痂,符合“结痂的嘴唇”的描述。本例患者发病前有明确接触史,皮损临床表现和组织病理改变均符合羊痘特点,故诊断明确。本病需与化脓性肉芽肿、角化棘皮瘤相鉴别,通过病史及组织病理检查可以鉴别。本例患者给予抗病毒治疗,预防继发感染,并随诊观察。
雄激素性秃发和代谢综合征

雄激素性秃发(AGA)是临床上最常见的一种脱发类型,其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明。近年来国内外越来越多的流行病学研究发现AGA和代谢综合征关系密切,可能与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、性激素结合球蛋白减少、慢性炎症反应以及神经内分泌异常等有关。
窄谱中波紫外线联合复方卡力孜然酊治疗白癜风临床疗效观察

白癜风是一种临床常见的色素脱失性皮肤病,我国发病率为0.1%~2.0%,白癜风的病因和发病机制目前尚不完全清楚,有自身免疫病学说、黑素细胞自毁学说、神经化学因子学说及遗传学说等。白癜风的治疗比较困难,虽然治疗方法及药物种类很多,但疗效不一,建议采用综合疗法。我科自2011年10月起采用窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)光疗联合复方卡力孜然酊治疗白癜风患者,进行临床疗效和不良反应评价,取得较满意疗效,现报告如下。
Numerical Study on the 3-D Complex Characteristics of Flow Around the Hull Structure of TLP

Vortex-induced motion is based on the complex characteristics of the flow around the tension leg platform (TLP) hull. By considering the flow field of the South China Sea and the configuration of the platform, three typical flow velocities and three flow directions are chosen to study the numerical simulation of the flow field characteristics around the TLP hull. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations combined with the detached eddy simulation turbulence model are employed in the numerical study. The hydrodynamic coefficients of columns and pontoons, the total drag and lift coefficients of the TLP, the formation and development of the wake, and the vorticity iso-surfaces for different inlet velocities and current directions are discussed in this paper. The average value of the drag coefficient of the upstream columns is considerably larger than that of the downstream columns in the inlet direction of 0°. Although the time history of the lift coefficient demonstrates a “beating” behavior, the plot shows regularity in general. The Strouhal number decreases as the inlet velocity increases from the power spectral density plot at different flow velocities. The mean root values of the lift and drag coefficients of the front column decrease as the current direction increases. Under the symmetrical configuration of 45°, the streamwise force on C4 is the smallest, whereas the transverse force is the largest. The broken vortex conditions in current directions of 22.5° and 45° are more serious than that in the current direction of 0°. In addition, turbulence at the bottom of the TLP becomes stronger when the current direction changes from 0° to 45°. However, a high inlet velocity indicates a large region influenced by the broken vortex and shows the emergence of the wake behind the TLP under the same current angle.
特发性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症诊治专家共识

特发性/孤立性低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症(idiopathic/isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, IHH)是一种逐渐被认识的内分泌疾病。因发病机制、临床表现和治疗方法较复杂,因此很多临床医生对其正确诊治存在诸多疑惑。为规范和提高IHH诊治水平,中华医学会内分泌学分会性腺学组组织专家进行了专题讨论,制订本共识,以供临床参考。
脑膜血管周细胞瘤临床病理观察

脑膜血管周细胞瘤(meningeal haemangiopericytoma,M-HPC)是一种罕见的脑膜间叶组织源性肿瘤,其形态与软组织的血管周细胞瘤相似。瘤细胞密度高,富于血管,与硬脑膜相连,易复发和转移到中枢神经系统外。我们回顾33例M-HPC,分析其临床表现、组织病理形态、免疫学表型,并复习相关文献,探讨其临床病理特征及鉴别诊断,旨在为临床治疗及预后判断提供帮助。
当前淋巴瘤诊断中的几个问题

全球范围内,淋巴瘤仍是严重危害人类健康的疾病。据美国癌症协会资料显示,2015年美国非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病率排在第6位,病死率男性排第9位,女性为第8位;在我国,淋巴瘤的发病和/或病死率一直处于恶性肿瘤的前10位。张玉玲等报告的中国2009年恶性淋巴瘤发病与死亡分析中,中国恶性淋巴瘤发病粗率为6.68/10万,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的2.34%。城市的发病率高于农村,男性发病率高于女性,且发病率有所上升。
Glycemic Variation in Tumor Patients with Total Parenteral Nutrition

Background: Hyperglycemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes and mortality in several patients. However, studies evaluating hyperglycemia variation in tumor patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between glycemia and tumor kinds with TPN by monitoring glycemic variation in tumor patients. Methods: This retrospective clinical trial selected 312 patients with various cancer types, whose unique nutrition treatment was TPN during the monitoring period. All patients had blood glucose (BG) values assessed at least six times daily during the TPN infusion. The glycemic variation before and after TPN was set as the indicator to evaluate the factors influencing BG. Results: The clinical trial lasted 7.5 ± 3.0 days adjusted for age, gender, family cancer history and blood types. There were six cancer types: Hepatic carcinoma (HC, 21.8%), rectal carcinoma (17.3%), colon carcinoma (CC, 14.7%), gastric carcinoma (29.8%), pancreatic carcinoma (11.5%), and duodenal carcinoma (DC, 4.8%). The patients were divided into diabetes and nondiabetes groups. No statistical differences in TPN glucose content between diabetes and nondiabetes groups were found; however, the tumor types affected by BG values were obvious. With increasing BG values, DC, HC and CC were more represented than other tumor types in this sequence in diabetic individuals, as well as in the nondiabetic group. BG was inclined to be more easily influenced in the nondiabetes group. Other factors did not impact BG values, including gender, body mass index, and TPN infusion duration time. Conclusions: When tumor patients are treated with TPN, BG levels should be monitored according to different types of tumors, besides differentiating diabetes or nondiabetes patients. Special BG control is needed for DC, HC and CC in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. If BG overtly increases, positive measurements are needed to control BG values. The ClinicalTrials.gov ID is NCT02024321.
Comparison of C_(50) for Propofol-remifentanil Target-controlled Infusion and Bispectral Index at Loss of Consciousness and Response to Painful Stimulus in Elderly and Young Patients

Background: In this prospective randomized study, we compared the predicted blood and effect-site C_(50) for propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) and the bispectral index (BIS) values at loss of consciousness (LOC) and response to a standard noxious painful stimulus (LOS) in elderly and young patients, respectively. We hypothesized that the elderly patients will require lower target concentration of both propofol and remifentanil at above two clinical end-points. Methods: There were 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II unpremedicated patients enrolled in this study, they were divided into elderly group (age >65 years, n = 40) and young group (aged 18-64 years, n = 40). Propofol was initially given to a predicted blood concentration of 1.2 μg/ml and thereafter increased by 0.3 μg/ml every 30 s until Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation score was 1. The propofol level was kept constant, and remifentanil was given to provide a predict blood concentration of 2.0 ng/ml, and then increased by 0.3 ng/ml every 30 s until loss of response to a tetanic stimulus. BIS (version 3.22, BIS Quattro sensor) was also recorded. Results: In elderly group, the propofol effect-site C_(50) at LOC of was 1.5 (1.4-1.6) μg/ml, was significantly lower than that of young group, which was 2.2 (2.1-2.3) μg/ml, the remifentanil effect-site C_(50) at LOS was 3.5 (3.3-3.7) ng/ml in elderly patients, was similar with 3.7 (3.6-3.8) ng/ml in young patients. Fifty percent of patients lost consciousness at a BIS value of 57.3 (56.4-58.1), was similar with that of young group, which was 55.2 (54.0-56.3). Conclusion: In elderly patients, the predicted blood and effect-site concentrations of propofol at LOC were lower than that of young patients. At same sedation status, predicted blood and effect-site concentrations of remifentanil required at LOS were similar in elderly and young patients. BIS were not affected by age. Low-propofol/high-opioid may be optional TCI strategy for elderly patients.
突发中毒事件应急医学救援中国专家共识2015

突发中毒事件是突发公共事件中的一种类型,是指在短时间内,毒物通过一定的方式作用于特定人群,造成严重的群发性健康影响或危害的事件。突发公共事件医疗卫生救援是指对突发公共事件导致的人员伤亡、健康危害的医疗卫生救援工作,其中医学救援是整个医疗卫生救援的一部分,强调的是医护人员在应急救援中应担负的职责与任务。在突发中毒事件的卫生应急处理流程中,医疗卫生活动贯穿整个过程,包括事发前的应急准备,事发时的应急响应,事发中的应急处置,以及事发后的善后处理等。为此,中国毒理学会中毒及救治专业委员会与中国研究型医院学会心肺复苏学专业委员会共同制定了《突发中毒事件应急医学救援中国专家共识2015》,以规范和指导医护人员在突发中毒事件中实施应急医学救援活动。
腹腔镜下胆囊切除治疗胆囊扭转伴坏死一例

早期报道的胆囊扭转手术大都为传统的开腹手术,随着微创技术的普及,腹腔镜手术具有的探查全面、定位准确、损伤小、恢复快、伤口相关并发症低的优势越来越受到外科医师的推崇。本例患者成功行腹腔镜下胆囊切除及胆道造影术,术后短时间内康复出院,因此我们认为腹腔镜下探查应该是该类患者的首选治疗措施。
Gas sensing capabilities of TiO_2 porous nanoceramics prepared through premature sintering

Pure and noble metal (Pt, Pd, and Au) doped TiO_2 nanoceramics have been prepared from TiO_2 nanoparticles through traditional pressing and sintering. For those samples sintered at 550 ℃, a typical premature sintering occurred, which led to the formation of a highly porous microstructure with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 23 m~2/g. At room temperature, only Pt-doped samples showed obvious response to hydrogen, with sensitivities as high as ~500 for 1000 ppm H2 in N_2; at 300 ℃, all samples showed obvious responses to CO, while the responses of noble metal doped samples were much higher than that of the undoped ones. The mechanism for the observed sensing capabilities has been discussed, in which the catalytic effect of Pt for hydrogen is believed responsible for the room-temperature hydrogen sensing capabilities, and the absence of glass frit as commonly used in commercial thick-film metal oxide gas sensors is related to the high sensitivities. It is proposed that much attention should be paid to metal oxide porous nanoceramics in developing gas sensors with high sensitivities and low working temperatures.
Synthesis, characterization and sintering behavior influencing mechanical, thermal and physical properties of pure cordierite and cordierite–ceria

The study of cordierite ceramic is the need of the hour in present technological world for various advanced engineering applications. Cordierite, which has relatively poor mechanical properties, has induced the use of various dopants to study the improvement in mechanical properties. Thirst of seeking new materials with good mechanical properties has revived the research on ceria doped cordierite. Present research conducted on pure cordierite and ceria doped cordierite ceramics has investigated the results of characterization and studied their suitability. Pure cordierite and cordierite–ceria (CeO_2) composite ceramics synthesized for various stoichiometric composition (5–20 wt%) were compacted at 240 MPa and sintered between 600 ℃ and 1350 ℃ for 3 h. The characterization techniques used in this study were X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The density was calculated using the Archimedes principle. Influence of the ceria addition on cordierite’s mechanical properties such as hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness and on thermal properties as thermal expansion was studied. XRD results confirmed the presence of cordierite and ceria in the samples heat treated at 1350 ℃. Results of FTIR and TG analyses revealed the formation of cordierite and the effect of ceria addition. The mechanical properties studied were found to be encouraging and confirmed the suitability of cordierite–ceria as an alternate material for cordierite.
Tribology in metal forming at elevated temperatures

The tribo-characteristics of metal forming at high temperatures have not yet been well understood due to the complex nature of thermal, microstructural, interaction, and process parameters. This is a review paper on the effects of temperature, coating, and lubrication to the tribological characteristics in hot forming as well as the tribometers for different metal forming processes at elevated temperatures mainly based on the experimental work. The tribological behaviors of oxides in hot forming, such as rolling and stamping, were reviewed and presented. Some commonly used surface coatings and lubricants in hot forming were given. Many types of tribometer were selected and presented and some of them provided a great potential to characterize friction and wear at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, more testing conditions should be further investigated by developing new tribometers. Eventually, experimental results obtained from reliable tribometers could be used in theory and model developments for different forming processes and materials at high temperatures. The review also showed the great potential in further investigations and innovation in tribology.
Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s

While the yield potential of rice has increased but little is known about the impact of breeding on grain quality, especially under different levels of N availability. In order to investigate the integrated effects of breeding andNlevels on rice quality 12 japonica rice cultivars bred in the past 60 years in the Yangtze River Basinwere usedwith three levels of N: 0 kg N ha~(–1), 240 kg N ha~(–1), and 360 kg N ha~(–1). During the period, milling quality (brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, and head rice percentage), appearance quality (chalky kernels percentage, chalky size, and chalkiness), and eating and cooking quality (amylose content, gel consistency, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback) were significantly improved, but the nutritive value of the grain has declined due to a reduction in protein content. Micronutrients, such as Cu, Mg, and S contents,were decreased, and Fe,Mn, Zn,Na, Ca, K, P, B contents were increased. These changes in grain quality imply that simultaneous improvements in grain yield and grain quality are possible through selection. Overall, application of N fertilizer decreased grain quality, especially in terms of eating and cooking quality. Under higher N levels, higher protein content was the main reason for deterioration of grain quality, although lower amylose contentmight contribute to improving starch pasting properties. These results suggest that further improvement in grain quality will depend on both breeding and cultivation practices, especially in regard to nitrogen and water management.
Using ORYZA2000 to model cold rice yield response to climate change in the Heilongjiang province, China

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops in China. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated climate change may greatly affect rice production. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on cold rice production in the Heilongjiang province, one of China's most important rice production regions. Data for a baseline period (1961-1990) and the period 2010-2050 in A2 and B2 scenarios were used as input to drive the rice model ORYZA2000 with and without accounting for the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_2 concentration. The results indicate that mean, maximum, and minimum temperature during the rice growing season, in the future period considered,would increase by 1.8 °C under the A2 scenario and by 2.2 °C under the B2 scenario compared with those in the baseline. The rate of change in averagemaximumandminimum temperatures would increase by 0.6 °C per 10-year period under the A2 scenario and by 0.4 °C per 10-year period under the B2 scenario. Precipitation would increase slightly in the rice growing season over the next 40 years. The rice growing season would be shortened and the yield would increase in most areas in the Heilongjiang province.Without accounting for CO_2 effect, the rice growing season in the period 2010–2050 would be shortened by 4.7 and 5.8 days, and rice yields would increase by 11.9% and 7.9%, under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. Areaswith simulated rice yield increases greater than 30.0%were in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The simulation indicated a decrease in yield of less than 15% in the southwestern Songnen Plain. The rate of change in simulated rice yield was 5.0%and 2.5% per 10 years under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively.When CO_2 effect was accounted for, rice yield increased by 44.5% and 31.3% under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The areas of increasing yield were sharply expanded. The area of decreasing yield in the western region of Songnen Plains disappeared when increasing CO_2 concentration was considered. The stability of rice yield would increase from2010 to 2050. Overall, the simulation indicates that rice production will be affected positively by climate change in the next 40 years in the Heilongjiang province, China.
淋病奈瑟球菌国家参考品菌株的分子生物学特征分析

目的对中国医学细菌保藏管理中心收集保藏的淋病奈瑟球菌(NG)国家参考品菌株进行分子生物学特征分析。方法对13株NG国家参考品菌株进行16S rRNA和隐蔽性质粒cppB基因扩增和分析,并采用多位点序列分型(MLST)、NG多抗原序列分型(NG-MAST)技术对菌株进行分子分型。结果13株菌种均扩增出预期大小的16S rRNA基因片段,与NG模式菌株参考序列(X07714.1)的相似性均>99%;13株菌种均扩增出预期大小的cppB基因;MLST结果显示,13株菌种共分为10个ST型,其中含7个新的ST型;NG-MAST结果显示,13株菌种含9个por等位基因和9个tbpB等位基因,配对后是10个不同的ST型,其中含6个新的ST型。结论该研究完善了NG国家参考品菌株的分子生物学方面的质控指标,为今后NG参考品候选菌株的选择提供了新的技术手段。