mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climate change on drought risk of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Drought is a major natural disaster causing crop yield losses, while its occurrence mechanism and spatiotemporal variations in a changing climate are still not clear. Based on a long-term climatic dataset (during 1958–2015) from weather stations in the North China Plain (NCP), the influencing mechanism of various climatic factors on drought risk of winter wheat was quantified by using sensitivity analysis, Mann-Kendall trend test and slope estimation. The results indicated that climatic factors have changed considerably over the past six decades in the growth season of winter wheat. As a result, winter wheat suffered from severe droughts (with 350 mm of water deficit during its growth season), particularly at the jointing–heading and heading–mature stages, which were critical to crop yield formation. There were large spatial and temporal variations in drought risk and climatic change factors at different growth stages of winter wheat. Despite precipitation playing a vital role in determining the spatiotemporal patterns of drought risk, high temperature and low humidity along with other climatic factors at key growth stages of winter wheat aggravated drought risk. Particularly, temperature at nearly 90% weather stations showed a notablely upward trend, which exacerbated water deficit and drought risk of winter wheat. Given the complexity and high uncertainty of climate change, these findings provide important information for adapting crop production to future climate change and accompanied droughts while ensuring food security and agricultural sustainability.
Genome-wide analysis of the invertase genes in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa)

Sugar is an important material basis in fruit development, and strawberry fruit flavour and sweetness largely depend on the sugar content and variety. Invertases (INVs) play an important role in the regulation of sugar accumulation because they irreversibly catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose into the corresponding nucleoside diphosphate-glucose, glucose or fructose in fruit. In this work, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the INV gene family in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), including the gene structure, chromosomal locations, conserved domains, and gene evolution and expression profiles during strawberry fruit development. Our study revealed that polyploid events resulted in the abundant amplification (almost three-or four-fold) of the INV gene in the F.×ananassa genome, and these amplified INV genes showed dominant expression in strawberry fruit. More than half of the FaINVs transcripts with low expression had incomplete coding sequences by alternative splicing. Previous studies have shown that cell wall invertases (CWINV) are involved in the regulation of phloem unloading and sink strength establishment. The expression of FaCWINV1 was markedly upregulated during fruit development and strongly expressed in ripe fruit. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the total sugar content and the FaCWINV1 expression level. These findings suggest that FaCWINV1 may be involved in sugar accumulation in strawberry fruit. Taken together, the results of our study will be beneficial for further research into the functions of INVs in the regulation of fruit ripening.
Correlation-Aware Replica Prefetching Strategy to Decrease Access Latency in Edge Cloud

With the number of connected devices increasing rapidly, the access latency issue increases drastically in the edge cloud environment. Massive low time-constrained and data-intensive mobile applications require efficient replication strategies to decrease retrieval time. However, the determination of replicas is not reasonable in many previous works, which incurs high response delay. To this end, a correlation-aware replica prefetching (CRP) strategy based on the file correlation principle is proposed, which can prefetch the files with high access probability. The key is to determine and obtain the implicit high-value files effectively, which has a significant impact on the performance of CRP. To achieve the goal of accelerating the acquisition of implicit highvalue files, an access rule management method based on consistent hashing is proposed, and then the storage and query mechanisms for access rules based on adjacency list storage structure are further presented. The theoretical analysis and simulation results corroborate that CRP shortens average response time over 4.8%, improves average hit ratio over 4.2%, reduces transmitting data amount over 8.3%, and maintains replication frequency at a reasonable level when compared to other schemes.
Random stability for lateral vibration on footbridge based on IEVIE–PDE method

The pedestrian-induced lateral vibration of footbridges is essentially classified as a nonlinear stochastic vibration. Accordingly, bridge vibration stability falls within the field of nonlinear stochastic vibration stability. At present, the Lyapunov method is mainly used to analyze such stability. However, this method is qualitative, and it cannot quantitatively analyze the vibration stability probability. In this study, a new analytical method based on a comparison of the input energy and the variation of intrinsic energy (IEVIE) is used to analyze the nonlinear stochastic vibration stability of the lateral vibration of the footbridge. The improved Nakamura model is used to describe the lateral nonlinear stochastic vibration of the footbridge. A combination of the IEVIE method and the probability density evolution (PDE) method is then proposed, in which the IEVIE method is utilized to determine vibration stability. The PDE method is used to obtain the reliability of vibration stability. The proposed method is successfully applied to the Millennium Bridge, and its effectiveness is verified by comparing the Monte Carlo and Lyapunov methods. The proposed method can obtain the dynamic probability of the vibration as stable or instable and provide a reference for quantitative analysis of lateral nonlinear stochastic vibration stability of footbridges.
Hybrid Protocol for Wireless-Powered Untrusted Relay Networks with Imperfect Channel Reciprocity

This work investigates the security issue of the energy-constrained untrusted relay network with imperfect channel reciprocity, where the relay without the built-in power supply can only scavenge energy from radio-frequency signals radiated by the source and destination. A hybrid power-splitting (PS)- and time-switching (TS)-based relaying (HPTR) protocol is presented to improve the degraded secrecy performance due to the incomplete self-interference cancellation at the destination. To evaluate the secrecy throughput (ST) of the studied system, the analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability under the delay-limited transmission mode and the closed-form lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity under delay-tolerant transmission mode are derived. Both linear and nonlinear models for the energy harvester at the relay are compared. The optimal PS and TS ratios are evaluated numerically. The theoretical derivations are validated by numerical results, revealing that the residual jamming has a negative effect on the secrecy performance of untrusted relay networks, which can be alleviated by the HPTR protocol. Besides, we compare the ST performance of the HPTR protocol with that of the PS and TS relaying schemes, and the results show that the HPTR protocol outperforms both PS and TS relaying protocols in terms of the ST.
Molecular characterization of an extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a corn culture soil

Soil is the most biodiverse habitat on Earth and it has been estimated that one gram of soil can contain up to one billion bacterial cells (Fierer, 2017). The microorganisms of soil produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. However, soil is also a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) (Zhu et al., 2019). The natural ARGs in soil form an intrinsic resistome, which means that they have arisen independently of human activity. In addition, many soil functions from chemical, physical, and biological perspectives have a direct impact on human health (Galan et al., 2013).
Soil carbon availability affects nitrogen transformation under irrigated lucerne

Approximately 55% of the agricultural land in New Zealand is grazed grassland to support the expanding dairy and meat industries. Intensified management practices such as irrigation, nitrogen (N) fertiliser application, and of forage crop provision are increasingly being adopted to meet the growing production demands. Given its ability in fixing N from symbiont rhizobia, thereby reducing the reliance on inorganic N fertilisers, lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) has been promoted as a forage species for dryland systems. Moreover, its deep roots can gain access to water during dry periods (Moot, 2012). Although grazing systems are economically profitable, 14% of national greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand are accounted for by agriculturally derived nitrous oxide (N_2O) emission. Furthermore, intensified management has been linked to nitrate (NO_3~- ) leaching (Cameron et al., 2013) and losses of soil carbon (C) (Whitehead et al., 2018). Accordingly, identifying management practices that can promote reduction in N_2O emission whilst maintaining or enhancing soil C has become a priority.
Effect of biochar applied with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on soil microbial community composition and nitrogen utilization in tomato

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent an important microbial community group and have beneficial effects on plant growth and development. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochar applied with PGPR on the soil microbial community composition and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of tomato, which could provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization. Six treatments were designed: no nitrogen (N), PGPR, or biochar control (CK); biochar without N or PGPR (BCK); N without PGPR or biochar (U); N and PGPR without biochar (UP); N and biochar without PGPR (UB); and N, PGPR, and biochar (UBP). The tomato yield in the UP treatment was 9.09% lower than that in the U treatment, whereas that in the UB treatment was 19.93% higher than that in the U treatment. The tomato yield in the UBP treatment was 32.45%, 45.69%, and 10.44% higher than those in the U, UP, and UB treatments, respectively. Biochar combined with PGPR increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira and Bradyrhizobium in the soil. At the tomato maturity stage, the soil NO_3~–-N content in the UBP treatment was 87.12%, 88.12%, and 31.04% higher than those in the U, UP, and UB treatments, respectively. The NUE in the UP treatment was 4.03% lower than that in the U treatment, and that in the UBP treatment was 13.63%, 17.66%, and 10.77% higher than those in the U, UP, and UB treatments, respectively. This study showed that biochar combined with PGPR can improve soil microbial community structure and increase the NUE of tomato.
Recent advances of hydrogel network models for studies on mechanical behaviors

Current constitutive theories face challenges when predicting the extremely large deformation and fracture of hydrogels, which calls for the demands to reveal the fundamental mechanism of the various mechanical behaviors of hydrogels from bottom up. Proper hydrogel network model provides a better approach to bridge the gap between the micro-structure and the macroscopic mechanical responses. This work summarizes the theoretical and numerical researches on the hydrogel network models, aiming to provide new insights into the effect of microstructure on the swelling-deswelling process, hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity and fracture of hydrogels. Hydrogel network models are divided into full-atom network models, realistic network models and abstract network models. Full-atom network models have detailed atomic structure but small size. Realistic network models with different coarse-graining degree have large model size to explain the swelling-deswelling process, hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. Abstract network models abstract polymer chains into analytical interactions, leading to the great leap of model size. It shows advantages to reproduce the crack initiation and propagation in hydrogels by simulating chain scission. Further research directions on the network modeling are suggested. We hope this work can help integrate the merits of network modeling methods and continuum mechanics to capture the various mechanical behaviors of hydrogels.
Thermoelectromechanical instability of dielectric elastomer undergoes polarization saturation and temperature variation

When the electric field caused by voltage reaches a certain level, the charge on the compliant electrodes will not increase owing to the polarization saturation, which would limit the deformation of the dielectric elastomer. Some experiments show that temperature also has a significant effect on the deformation of dielectric elastomer. In this work, a free energy model coupling temperature and polarization saturation is developed to characterize the thermoelectromechanical instability of dielectric elastomer. The results reveal that both the polarization saturation parameters and electric field have a significant influence on the actuation ability of the dielectric elastomer, and the increase of temperature enhances thermoelectromechanical stability. It is hoped that this work could guide the development of dielectric elastomer materials and application devices operating in variable temperatures.
Influence of strain rate and crystallographic orientation on dynamic recrystallization of pure Zn during room-temperature compression

This work investigates the strain rate dependence of dynamic recrystallization behaviour of high-purity zinc in room temperature compression under strain rates of 10~(–4) s~(-1),10~(-2) s~(-1) and 0.5 s~(-1).Results from electron backscatter diffraction provide insight into the deformation and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms operative.Continuous dynamic recrystallization,twin-induced dynamic recrystallization,and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization are all active under compressive deformation at room temperature.Due to the high stacking fault energy of Zn,continuous dynamic recrystallization is the dominant mechanism while discontinuous dynamic recrystallization only operates in the early stages of compression at 10~(–4) s~(-1).Dynamic recrystallization kinetics are enhanced at higher strain rates(10~(-2) s~(-1) and 0.5 s~(-1))due to an increased contribution from twin-induced dynamic recrystallization.The present study reveals that the controlling mechanisms for continuous dynamic recrystallization are basal
Dually-functionalized Ni-rich layered oxides for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

Layered lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese oxides(NCM)have been highlighted as advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs);however,their low interfacial stability must be overcome to ensure stable cycling performance of the cell.In this work,we propose a one-step surface modification method that uses a task-specific precursor,N,N,N,N-tetraethylsulfamide(NTESA),to improve interfacial stability of Ni-rich NCM cathode materials.The unstable surface properties of Ni-rich NCM cathode material are improved by embedding an artificial cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)layer on the cathode surface by heat treatment of the Ni-rich NCM cathode material with an NTESA precursor at low temperature.Our material analyses indicate that this approach allows the formation of amine-and sulfone-functionalized CEI layers on the surface of Ni-rich NCM cathode material without changing the layered structure of the cathode material.NTESA-functionalized Ni-rich NCM cathode materials exhibit improved cycling retention after 100 cycles:for example,a cell cycled with a 3.0 NTESA-modifiedNCM811 cathode presents the highest retention ratio of 88.3 %,whereas a cell cycled with a non-functionalized NCM811 cathode suffers from rapid fading of the cycling performance(68.4 %).Our additional SEM,XPS,and EIS analyses indicate that electrolyte decomposition is suppressed during electrochemical cycling,thereby leading to smaller increases in the internal resistances.ICP-MS analyses of the cycled anodes also indicate that the NTESA-based artificial CEI layer inhibits the dissolution of transition metal components from the Ni-rich NCM cathode materials,thereby contributing to an improved overall electrochemical performance of the cell.
Thermophysical properties of a novel high entropy hafnate ceramic

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are considered promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials due to their unique thermophysical performances induced by the entropy effects. In this work, (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2Hf_2O_7 high entropy hafnate, as a thermal barrier coating (TBC) material, was successfully synthesized by solution combustion method for the first time. From the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy results, it is confirmed that (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2Hf_2O_7 has pure single-phase ordered pyrochlore structure with highly homogeneous composition at both micrometer and nanometer scales. The synthesized (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2Hf_2O_7 possesses excellent phase stability at 1600 ℃ and demonstrates a low thermal conductivity (1.0-1.24W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)) which is lower than those of rare earth hafnates (RE_2Hf_2O_7, RE = La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu). Therefore, it provides a new perspective and potential to prompt the next generation TBC materials with better performance.
High performance flexible energy storage device based on copper foam supported NiMoO_4 nanosheets-CNTs-CuO nanowires composites with core-shell holey nanostructure

Because of the intensified electrochemical activities, mixed metal oxides as a representative for pseudocapacitive materials play a key role for high performance supercapacitor electrodes. Nevertheless, low ion and electron transfer rate and poor cycling performance in the electrode practically restrict further promotion of their electrochemical performance. In order to offset the defect, a novel copper (Cu) foamsupported nickel molybdate nanosheet decorated carbon nanotube wrapped copper oxide nanowire array (NiMoO_4 NSs-CNTs-CuO NWAs/Cu foam) flexible electrode is constructed. The as-prepared electrode demonstrates a unique core-shell holey nanostructure with a large active surface area, which can provide a large number of active sites for redox reactions. Besides, the CNTs networks supply improved conductivity, which can hasten electron transport. Through this simple and efficient design method, the spatial distribution of each component in the flexible electrode is more orderly, short and fast electron transport path with low intrinsic resistance. As a result, the NiMoO_4 NSs-CNTs-CuO NWAs/Cu foam as an adhesiveless supercapacitor electrode material exhibits excellent energy storage performance with high specific areal capacitance of 23.40 F cm~(-2) at a current density of 2 mA cm~(-2), which outperforms most of the flexible electrodes reported recently. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density up to 96.40 mW h cm~(-3) and a power density up to 0.4 W cm~(-3) under a working voltage window of 1.7 V. In addition, outstanding flexibility of up to 100◦ bend and good cycling stability with the capacitance retention of 82.53 % after 10,000 cycles can be obtained.
Defect passivation strategy for inorganic CsPbI_2Br perovskite solar cell with a high-efficiency of 16.77%

All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have acquired great progress, especially CsPbI_2Br. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) remains far below the theoretical predictions. Non-radiative recombination is one of the important issues affecting the photoelectric performance of the PSCs, and the defective lead ions derived from the evaporation of halide ions in the inorganic perovskite are the principal non-radiative recombination centers. Herein, the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed by introducing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a Lewis base molecule to passivate the defective lead ions. Therefore, by adjusting the dosage of NMP, the smooth and pinhole-free CsPbI_2Br perovskite film is obtained and the optimized device exhibits a champion PCE of 16.77% with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 0.80. This work proves the effectiveness of passivation using Lewis base molecules to prevent non-radiative recombination defects in inorganic perovskite.
The effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the structure and fast pyrolysis behaviors of ShengLi lignite

The structure and composition of coal determine its fast pyrolysis characteristics, and the study of the relationship between them can play an important role in the efficient and clean utilization of coal. So, in this work, hydrothermal pretreatment was used to artificially change the structure and composition of ShengLi (SL) lignite, which was used to investigate the influence of structural changes on pyrolysis. The physicochemical structure and composition of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, specific surface area and porosity analyzer, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyzer. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a powderparticle fluidized bed reactor, and the distribution and composition of the pyrolysis products were analyzed. The gasification activity of char was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis with a CO_2 atmosphere. The results show that hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) can destroy the cross-linking structure of SL lignite, and affect its aromaticity, pore structure, functional group, and carbon structure to change the distribution and composition of pyrolysis products of SL lignite, especially the composition of tar. Finally, the structure–activity relationship between the structure, composition, and pyrolysis characteristics of coal was comprehensively studied.
SARS-CoV-2-derived fusion inhibitor lipopeptides exhibit highly potent and broad-spectrum activity against divergent human coronaviruses

Dear Editor,Most members of coronaviruses(CoVs),including four annually circulating human CoVs(HCov-229E,HCoV-OC43,HCoV-NL63,and CoV-HKUl),infect the respiratory tract of mammals and cause mild illness;however,zoonotic CoVs can cross the species barrier from animal reservoirs and lead to epidemics with high morbidity and mortality in humans.Highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV(MERS-CoV)emerged in 2002 and 2012,respectively.The current global COVID-19 epidemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2,which is a novel CoV genetically close to SARS-CoV.It is extremely urgent to develop therapeutics and prophylactics for combating SARS-CoV-2,and ideally,a drug or vaccine will possess broad-spectrum efficacy against divergent CoVs.
Tie2-expressing monocytes/macrophages promote cerebral revascularization in peri-infarct lesions upon ischemic insult

Dear Editor,Strokes cause 5.8 million deaths each year.Among these victims,~30% are from China.Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is the most prevalent subtype of strokes.Although drugs can alleviate the symptoms,the recoveries of functional vessels within ischemic areas are the critical factor determining the prognosis of patients suffering from AIS2.Nevertheless,the mechanisms involved in cerebral revascularization remain largely unknown.Myeloid cells are among the first cells arriving around and within the injured areas after the ischemic assault.A specific subgroup of Tie2-expressing monocytes(TEMs)has demonstrated vessel-repairing properties in tumors and ischemic limbs4,5.But,it is not clear whether TEMs participate in revascularization and neurological recovery in AIS.Hence,we explore the impacts of TEMs on the prognosis of AIS and the potential mechanism beneath with clinical samples and mouse models.