mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A Laplace Decomposition Method for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Nonlinear Term of Any Order

A Laplace decomposition algorithm is adopted to investigate numerical solutions of a class of nonlinear partial differential equations with nonlinear term of any order, u_(tt) + au_(xx) + bu + cu~p + du~(2p-1) = 0, which contains some important equations of mathematical physics. Three distinct initial conditions are constructed and generalized numerical solutions are thereby obtained, including numerical hyperbolic function solutions and doubly periodic ones. Illustrative figures and comparisons between the numerical and exact solutions with different values of p are used to test the efficiency of the proposed method, which shows good results are achieved.
利用高精度遥感信息进行地面风险识别及评估

高难山地地震勘探,地表条件复杂,地势险峻,悬崖峭壁众多,风险识别采用地形图和现场踏勘相结合的办法。由于我国大面积1∶ 50 000地形图绘制于20世纪50—80年代,地面信息有限,特别是经过近20年的快速发展,当年绘制的地面障碍和地形与目前实地有较大差异。现场踏勘,受时间限制不可能覆盖全部工区,且耗时耗力,真正完成工区地面风险源的识别并作出正确评估,往往要测量工序完成后才能实现,严重影响项目安全作业。如果在施工前就能够准确识别工区地表风险并进行评估,制定针对性较强的应急措施,将极大地降低地震勘探作业风险,达到安全、环保、健康作业的目标。
面向SOA 的信息系统设计及应用研究

面向SOA 的信息系统设计与开发成为目前信息系统开发的主流模式。本文对面向SOA 的信息系统设计开发的Web Services设计原则、系统开发流程进行研究与阐述,并以旧城区改造信息管理系统为例,进行应用研究,给出SIGDAS 的接口设计及信息系统的开发框架,可为基于SOA 的信息系统开发提供参考。
T_C-Gorenstein Projective, L_C-Gorenstein Injective and H_C-Gorenstein Flat Modules

The authors introduce and investigate the T_C-Gorenstein projective, L_C-Gorenstein injective and H_C-Gorenstein flat modules with respect to a semidualizing module C which shares the common properties with the Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules, respectively. The authors prove that the classes of all the T_C-Gorenstein projective or the H_C-Gorenstein flat modules are exactly those Gorenstein projective or flat modules which are in the Auslander class with respect to C, respectively, and the classes of all the L_C-Gorenstein injective modules are exactly those Gorenstein injective modules which are in the Bass class, so the authors get the relations between the Gorenstein projective, injective or flat modules and the C-Gorenstein projective, injective or flat modules. Moreover, the authors consider the T_C(R)-projective and L_C(R)-injective dimensions and T_C(R)-precovers and L_C(R)-preenvelopes. Finally, the authors study the H_C-Gorenstein flat modules and extend the Foxby equivalences.
基于城乡统筹发展的土地综合整治分区研究

在统筹城乡发展的要求下,以陕西省为例,运用专家咨询法选取影响因素,借助层次分析法确定各影响因素的单因素图层权重,应用GIS 的空间叠置分析功能将各单因素图层进行叠加分析并计算叠加后分值,确定土地综合整治分区。研究结果可为因地制宜确定各分区土地整治的重点方向,作好新一轮土地整治规划及顺利开展土地整治工作,为统筹城乡发展提供科学依据。
在海浪影响下的海岛动态三维建模

采用凸凹纹理映射和基于Perlin噪声有机结合的方法建立了海浪多尺度模型,实现了海浪的动态三维表示; 基于海陆动态交互实现了海岛在海浪动态变化影响下的动态三维模型。并以舟山群岛地区海岛地形和海浪数据为例,在GeoGlobe等平台上进行试验,试验表明,本文方法可以有效地建立海岛在海浪影响下的动态三维模型。
Linear Stability Analysis on the Influences of the Spatial Variations in Thermal Conductivity and Expansivity on the Flow Patterns of Thermal Convection with Strongly Temperature-Dependent Viscosity

A series of linear stability analysis is carried out on the onset of thermal convection in the presence of spatial variations of viscosity, thermal conductivity and expansivity. We consider the temporal evolution of an infinitesimal perturbation superimposed to a static (motionless) and conductive state in a basally-heated planar layer. From the changes in flow patterns with increasing the amplitudes of temperature dependence of viscosity, we identified the transition into the “stagnant-lid” (ST) regime, where the convection occurs only beneath a thick and stagnant-lid of cold fluid at the top surface. Detailed analysis showed a significant increase of the aspect ratio of convection cells in ST regime induced by the spatial variations in thermal conductivity and/or expansivity: the horizontal length scale of ST convection can be enlarged by up to 50% with 10 times increase of thermal conductivity with depth. We further developed an analytical model of ST convection which successfully reproduced the mechanism of increasing horizontal length scale of ST regime convection cells for given spatial variations in physical properties. Our findings may highlight the essential roles of the spatial variation of thermal conductivity on the convection patterns in the mantle.
Land consolidation: An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China

The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed “dual-track” structure of rural-urban development in China as well as unstable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural production, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carrying out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land consolidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Finally, the author argues that a “bottom-up” restructuring strategy accompanied by a few “top-down” elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development.
Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau since 1982

Based on the GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data (8 km spatial resolution) for 1982–2000, the SPOT VEGETATION NDVI data (1 km spatial resolution) for 1998–2009, and observational plant biomass data, the CASA model was used to model changes in alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study will help to evaluate the health conditions of the alpine grassland ecosystem, and is of great importance to the promotion of sustainable development of plateau pasture and to the understanding of the function of the national ecological security shelter on the TP. The spatio-temporal characteristics of NPP change were investigated using spatial statistical analysis, separately on the basis of physico-geographical factors (natural zone, altitude, latitude and longitude), river basin, and county-level administrative area. Data processing was carried out using an ENVI 4.8 platform, while an ArcGIS 9.3 and ANUSPLIN platform was used to conduct the spatial analysis and mapping. The primary results are as follows: (1) The NPP of alpine grassland on the TP gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest, which corresponds to gradients in precipitation and temperature. From 1982 to 2009, the average annual total NPP in the TP alpine grassland was 177.2×10~(12) gC yr~(-1)(yr represents year), while the average annual NPP was 120.8 gC m~(-2) yr~(-1). (2) The annual NPP in alpine grassland on the TP fluctuates from year to year but shows an overall positive trend ranging from 114.7 gC m~(-2) yr~(-1) in 1982 to 129.9 gC m~(-2) yr~(-1) in 2009, with an overall increase of 13.3%; 32.56% of the total alpine grassland on the TP showed a significant increase in NPP, while only 5.55% showed a significant decrease over this 28-year period. (3) Spatio-temporal characteristics are an important control on annual NPP in alpine grassland: a) NPP increased in most of the natural zones on the TP, only showing a slight decrease in the Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone. The positive trend in NPP in the high-cold shrub-meadow zone, high-cold meadow steppe zone and high-cold steppe zone is more significant than that of the high-cold desert zone; b) with increasing altitude, the percentage area with a positive trend in annual NPP follows a trend of “increasing-stable-decreasing”, while the percentage area with a negative trend in annual NPP follows a trend of “decreasing-stable-increasing”, with increasing altitude; c) the variation in annual NPP with latitude and longitude co-varies with the vegetation distribution; d) the variation in annual NPP within the major river basins has a generally positive trend, of which the growth in NPP in the Yellow River Basin is most significant. Results show that, based on changes in NPP trends, vegetation coverage and phonological phenomenon with time, NPP has been declining in certain places successively, while the overall health of the alpine grassland on the TP is improving.
Combining LPJ-GUESS and HASM to simulate the spatial distribution of forest vegetation carbon stock in China

It is very important in accurately estimating the forests’ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling (HASM), proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country’s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value (1975–1995), it manifests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this research show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a significant carbon sink.
Recovery of Brachiopod and Ammonoid Faunas Following the End-Permian Crisis: Additional Evidence from the Lower Triassic of the Russian Far East and Kazakhstan

After the End-Permian mass extinction, ammonoids reached levels of taxonomic diversity higher than in the Changhsingian by the Dienerian Substage of the Induan. However, brachiopods exhibit a prolonged delay in recovery, and their taxonomic diversity had not recovered to Late Permian levels even by the Olenekian. The differential patterns of recovery between these two clades may reflect fundamental differences in physiology and behavior. Brachiopods were benthic organisms that were dependent on specific trophic sources, and their general reduction in size during the Early Triassic may have been a response to a relative paucity of food resources. In contrast, ammonoids were sluggish-nektic organisms that utilized a wider range of trophic sources and that suffered no comparable size decrease during the Early Triassic. Brachiopods may have been at a disadvantage also due to vulnerabilities associated with their larval stage, during which they had to locate a suitable substrate for settlement. In contrast, ammonoids had no larval stage and juveniles may have been dispersed widely into favorable habitats. These factors may account for differences in the relative success of ammonoids and brachiopods at high-latitude regions following the End-Permian mass extinction: ammonoids successfully recolonized the Boreal region during the Early Triassic whereas brachiopods did not.
Radiolarian and Planktic Foraminifera Biostratigraphy of the Early Albian Organic Rich Beds of Fahdene Formation, Northern Tunisia

The lower part of Fahdene Formation outcropping in northeastern Tunisia is represented by pelagic sequences and characterized by an important siliciclastic fraction that includes radiolarian and organic-rich beds of Allam Member. Litho-biostratigraphic analysis based on planktic foraminifera and radiolaria shows that deposition of organic-rich beds of Allam Member is confined to the Microhedbergella rischi Zone through the lower part of Ticinella primula Zone. Age diagnostic radiolaria recovered from these beds has been identified to constrain a direct age of black shale deposition. The assemblages can be correlated with the radiolarian biochronozone U.A.10–11 indicating an Early Albian to early Middle Albian in age. Radiolarian assemblages composed of species characteristic of U.A.10 biochronozone (A. montisserei, D. gracilis) are associated with radiolarian taxa belonging to Costata Zone (U.A.9 Pseudoeucyrtis hanni and Thanarla pseudodecora), which can be correlated with Dercourt Member in the Ionian Zone and Paquier level of the Vocontian Basin (southeast of France). Biostratigraphic and abundance curves analysis has demonstrated significant diversification of cryptocephalic Nassellaria and Archaeodictyomitrae, probably adapted to eutrophic conditions that characterized the Aptian-Albian transition. Ecological conditions may have governed the stratigraphic range of many cosmopolitan taxa (i.e., Pseudodictyomitrae lodogaensis) compared with stratigraphic distributions schemes reported from other domains. The timing of black shales deposition was diachronic due to local geodynamic conditions and upwelling currents distribution. The Allam black shales are correlative with the oceanic anoxic event OAE1b which is characterized by the widespread of supraregionnally organic-rich beds in the Mediterranean Tethys basins across the Aptian-Albian transition.
Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns, and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s

Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China’s Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990–2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; (2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; (3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and (4) effectiveness of the “Grain for Green” project in the southern agricultural–pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The “dynamic regionalization method” was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed “the pattern of the change process,” namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the “pattern” and “process” of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.
Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000–2011

The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR), which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore, “The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions” was established, and “The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve” was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following: (1) In the past 12 years (2000–2011), the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. (2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. (4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. (5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. (6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project.
Organic Matters and Lipid Biomarkers in Surface Sediments from the Northern South China Sea: Origins and Transport

In this study, content and distribution of organic matters (OM) and lipid biomarkers in surface sediments from northern South China Sea (SCS) were identified to reveal the sources and transport of fine-grained sediments. Organic matters and lipid biomarkers exhibited distinct spatial variation in northern SCS. Terrestrial discharge from the Pearl River and some mountainous rivers in southwestern Taiwan may contribute to the relatively high organic matters in the corresponding sea areas. The detection of unsaturated fatty acid homologues suggested the algal and/or bacterial OM contribution to surface sediments. The composites and distribution of lipid biomarkers indicate their mixed sources from terrestrial plants, marine algae and bacterial. Together with the proof of clay mineral composites in the sediments, the results suggested that the currents, including the Guangdong Coastal Current and Kuroshio Current, control the transport and distribution of terrestrial sediment and the sedimentary environment in the northern SCS.
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children: a review of epidemiological studies

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.
Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Xishuangbanna, with its typical tropical rainforest, is one of China’s biodiversity hotspots. Through several years of extensive survey work on the spiders in rainforest and adjacent habitats, 32 genera and 101 species, including 33 new species, of the family Theridiidae were collected. Four genera, Allothymoites Ono, 2007, Nojimaia Yoshida, 2009, Tekellina Levi, 1957 and Yunohamella Yoshida, 2007, are newly recorded from China. The 33 new species are diagnosed, described and illustrated. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).
经皮椎间孔镜与椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效对比

腰椎间盘突出症是常见疾病,随着微创技术在脊柱外科领域的开展及应用,通过内窥镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法日趋成熟,并以其微创优势和良好的疗效获得了越来越多的关注。本院于2012年7月引进并开展经皮椎间孔镜技术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD),对比椎板开窗椎间盘髓核摘除术,报告如下。
奥美拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗老年消化性溃疡35例

近年来,老年消化性溃疡发病率逐年增高,多采取抑酸、保护胃黏膜、抗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)等方法治疗,但耐药性、毒副反应等问题较多;尤其是老年患者各器官、系统功能减退,溃疡愈合时间长,易反复,并发症多,死亡率高。据文献报道,老年消化性溃疡大出血占20%~40%,穿孔占16%~18%,病死率高达10%。本文观察我院近期采用奥美拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗老年消化性溃疡患者的效果。
马斯洛需要理论视阈下的失独中老年人个案调查分析

目的了解失独中老年人的需求。方法采用问卷调查、个案访谈和机构访谈的研究方法对135名失独中老年人的现实需要和期望、认知等进行描述性分析。结果失独中老年人最大变化是心理层面,生理、安全、社交、尊重和自我实现的需要均难以满足。结论失独中老年人是一个特殊群体,必须坚持物质补偿和精神抚慰、宏观调控和微观干预相结合的原则满足失独者的需要。
不同起始治疗方案对老年哮喘患者的疗效评估

目的对不同起始方案治疗老年哮喘的疗效进行评估。方法选取初次治疗的老年哮喘患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组采用药物选择丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂(ICS)治疗,观察组采用ICS/LABA治疗,观察两组的哮喘控制水平、症状消失所需时间及肺功能改善情况。结果观察组的控制率为74%,明显高于对照组(42%,P<0.05);观察组症状改善所需时间明显小于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肺功能改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对初次治疗的老年哮喘患者采用ICS/LABA治疗可提高控制率,缩短症状改善时间,有效地改善肺功能。