mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
EncyCatalogRec: catalog recommendation for encyclopedia article completion

Online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia provide a large and growing number of articles on many topics.However, the content of many articles is still far from complete.In this paper, we propose EncyCatalogRec, a system to help generate a more comprehensive article by recommending catalogs.First, we represent articles and catalog items as embedding vectors, and obtain similar articles via the locality sensitive hashing technology, where the items of these articles are considered as the candidate items.Then a relation graph is built from the articles and the candidate items.This is further transformed into a product graph.So, the recommendation problem is changed to a transductive learning problem in the product graph.Finally, the recommended items are sorted by the learning-to-rank technology.Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on catalog recommendation in both warm- and cold-start scenarios.We have validated our approach by a case study.
Crustal density structures and isostasy beneath the Western North China craton, Trans-North China Orogen, and surrounding regions

To determine the lateral and vertical variations in crustal structure and their influence on the seismicity of the Western North China Craton, the Trans-North China Orogen, and the surrounding regions, the wavelet multi-scale structures, Moho depth, crustal density structures, and isostatic state are modelled using Bouguer gravity anomaly data, topography, and earthquake focal mechanisms.We obtained homogeneous crustal densities and deviations of <1 km between the crustal thicknesses estimated from the isostatic model and those inverted from the Bouguer gravity anomalies in the Ordos Block, the Inner Mongolia Suture Zone, the Sichuan Basin, and the Jizhong Depression.These results provide new evidence for relatively simple and stable continental crustal structures, and indicate that these regions will remain stable in both the vertical and lateral directions.The Hetao Graben,Yinchuan Graben, Weihe Basin, and Shanxi graben system have heterogeneous crustal densities and are isostatically over-compensated.In contrast, the crust beneath the Yinshan Uplift, Lvliang Uplift, and northern and central Taihang Uplift is thin and under-compensated.The heterogeneous crustal densities and non-isostatic state beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Qinling Central China Orogen indicate that these two blocks are unstable in the vertical and lateral directions.Although Cenozoic deformation of the North China Craton is thought to be driven by lithospheric stresses related to the India-Eurasia collision and Pacific slab retreat in South East Asia, we suggest that gravitational potential energy created by the heterogeneous crustal structure modulates these first-order forces.The results of this study could constrain the causes of seismicity in systems surrounding the Ordos Block.
Grain crushing in geoscience materials-Key issues on crushing response,measurement and modeling: Review and preface

Grain crushing is commonly encountered in deep foundation engineering, high rockfill dam engineering, railway engineering, mining engineering, coastal engineering, petroleum engineering, and other geoscience application.Grain crushing is affected by fundamental soil characteristics, such as their mineral strength, grain size and distribution, grain shape, density and specimen size, and also by external factors including stress magnitude and path, loading rate and duration, degree of saturation, temperature and geochemical environment.Crushable material becomes a series of different materials with the change in its grading during grain crushing, resulting in a decrease in strength and dilatancy and an increase in compressibility.Effects of grain crushing on strength,dilatancy, deformation and failure mechanisms have been extensively investigated through laboratory testing,discrete element method(DEM)modelling, Weibull statistics, and constitutive modelling within the framework of the extended crushing-dependent critical state theory or the energy-based theory.Eleven papers summarized in this review article for this special issue addressed the above issues in grain crushing through the advanced testing and modelling.
探讨高血糖患者降压治疗的获益来源:从血压达标到血管保护

高血压合并糖尿病是高血压管理中值得关注的一个常见的患者类型。这类患者属于心血管病风险最高等级的"很高危"人群,心血管病风险是普通人群的近4倍,慢性肾脏病风险是普通人群的6倍多。但是,临床实践中,往往心血管科医生多注重血压的控制,而内分泌科专家侧重于血糖的达标,如何做到血压血糖兼收并治,仍然任重道远。大规模横断面调查结果显示,我国高血压患者70%合并糖尿病,每10例高血压合并糖尿病患者中就有7例血压不达标(<140/90 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。如果采用最新美国指南推荐的更严格的血压目标值(<130/80 mm Hg),我国高血压合并糖尿病的控制现状将变得更为严峻,更何况即便是血压达标,其剩余风险仍然高于普通人群。因此,如何优化降压治疗策略,以更大程度地预防高血压合并糖尿病患者心肾事件发生,是一个极具探讨价值的问题。
Chimera RNA interference knockdown of γ-synuclein in human cortical astrocytes results in mitotic catastrophe

Elevated levels of γ-synuclein(γ-syn) expression have been noted in the progression of glioblastomas, and also in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. γ-Syn can be either internalized from the extracellular milieu or expressed endogenously by human cortical astrocytes. Internalized γ-syn results in increased cellular proliferation, brain derived neurotrophic factor release and astroprotection. However, the function of endogenous γ-syn in primary astrocytes, and the relationship to these two opposing disease states are unknown. γ-Syn is expressed by astrocytes in the human cortex, and to gain a better understanding of the role of endogenous γ-syn, primary human cortical astrocytes were treated with chimera RNA interference(RNAi) targeting γ-syn after release from cell synchronization. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated an increase in endogenous γ-syn expression 48 hours after release from cell synchronization, while RNAi reduced γ-syn expression to control levels. Immunocytochemistry of Ki67 and 5-bromodeoxyuridine showed chimera RNAi γ-syn knockdown reduced cellular proliferation at 24 and 48 hours after release from cell synchronization. To further investigate the consequence of γ-syn knockdown on the astrocytic cell cycle, phosphorylated histone H3 pSer10(pHH3) and phosphorylated cyclin dependent kinase-2 pTyr15(pCDK2) levels were observed via western blot analysis. The results revealed an elevated expression of pHH3, but not pCDK2, indicating γ-syn knockdown leads to disruption of the cell cycle and chromosomal compaction after 48 hours. Subsequently, flow cytometry with propidium iodide determined that increases in apoptosis coincided with γ-syn knockdown. Therefore, γ-syn exerts its effect to allow normal astrocytic progression through the cell cycle, as evidenced by decreased proliferation marker expression, increased pHH3, and mitotic catastrophe after knockdown. In this study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of γ-syn within primary human cortical astrocytes using chimera RNAi leads to cell cycle disruption and apoptosis, indicating an essential role for γ-syn in regulating normal cell division in astrocytes. Therefore, disruption to γ-syn function would influence astrocytic proliferation, and could be an important contributor to neurological diseases.
MicroRNAs as disease progression biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by pronounced inflammatory infiltrates entering the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve leading to demyelination. Focal demyelination is associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, while progressive forms of the disease show axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. The tests currently used in the clinical diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis have limitations due to specificity and sensitivity. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are dysregulated in many diseases and disorders including demyelinating and neuroinflammatory diseases. A review of recent studies with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model(mostly female mice 6–12 weeks of age) has confirmed miRNAs as biomarkers of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease and importantly at the pre-onset(asymptomatic) stage when assessed in blood plasma and urine exosomes, and spinal cord tissue. The expression of certain miRNAs was also dysregulated at the onset and peak of disease in blood plasma and urine exosomes, brain and spinal cord tissue, and at the post-peak(chronic) stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease in spinal cord tissue. Therapies using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to delay the induction and alleviate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease. Interestingly, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease severity was reduced by overexpression of miR-146a, miR-23b, miR-497, miR-26a, and miR-20b, or by suppression of miR-182, miR-181c, miR-223, miR-155, and miR- 873. Further studies are warranted on determining more fully miRNA profiles in blood plasma and urine exosomes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animals since they could serve as biomarkers of asymptomatic multiple sclerosis and disease course. Additionally, studies should be performed with male mice of a similar age, and with aged male and female mice.
Transcriptional regulation of adult neural stem/ progenitor cells: tales from the subventricular zone

In rodents, well characterized neurogenic niches of the adult brain, such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, support the maintenance of neural/stem progenitor cells(NSPCs) and the production of new neurons throughout the lifespan. The adult neurogenic process is dependent on the intrinsic gene expression signatures of NSPCs that make them competent for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. At the same time, it is receptive to regulation by various extracellular signals that allow the modulation of neuronal production and integration into brain circuitries by various physiological stimuli. A drawback of this plasticity is the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to alterations of the niche environment that can occur due to aging, injury or disease. At the core of the molecular mechanisms regulating neurogenesis, several transcription factors have been identified that maintain NSPC identity and mediate NSPC response to extrinsic cues. Here, we focus on REST, Egr1 and Dbx2 and their roles in adult neurogenesis, especially in the subventricular zone. We review recent work from our and other laboratories implicating these transcription factors in the control of NSPC proliferation and differentiation and in the response of NSPCs to extrinsic influences from the niche. We also discuss how their altered regulation may affect the neurogenic process in the aged and in the diseased brain. Finally, we highlight key open questions that need to be addressed to foster our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms controlling adult neurogenesis.
PKM2-dependent glycolysis promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells during atherosclerosis

Increased glycolysis is involved in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2),a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis,accelerates the proliferation and migration of tumor cells.Although the intracellular mechanisms associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration have been extensively explored,it is still unclear whether oxLDL promotes the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by enhancing PKM2-dependent glycolysis.In the present study,we detected PKM2 expression and pyruvate kinase activity in oxLDL-treated VSMCs and explored the regulation of PKM2 in oxLDL-treated VSMCs and apoE~(–/–) mice.The results showed that PKM2 expression in VSMCs was higher in the intima than in the media in plaques from atherosclerotic rabbits.Moreover,PKM2 level in VSMCs was increased during atherosclerosis progression in apoE~(–/–) mice.Both PKM2 expression and pyruvate kinase activity were found to be upregulated by oxLDL stimulation in VSMCs.Shikonin (SKN),a specific inhibitor of PKM2,was found to inhibit the oxLDL-induced proliferation and migration in VSMCs,in addition to delaying the atherosclerosis progression in apoE~(–/–) mice.More importantly,oxLDL increased glucose uptake,ATP and lactate production,and the extracellular acidification rate in VSMCs,which could be reversed by SKN.Meanwhile,oxygen consumption rate was unchanged after oxLDL stimulation,suggesting that glycolysis is the main contributor to the energy supply in oxLDLtreated VSMCs.Our results suggest that oxLDL induces VSMC proliferation and migration by upregulating PKM2-dependent glycolysis,thereby contributing to the atherosclerosis progression.Thus,targeting PKM2-dependent glycolysis might provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Recent advances in dopaminergic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide.However,there is no available therapy reversing the neurodegenerative process of PD.Based on the loss of dopamine or dopaminergic dysfunction in PD patients,most of the current therapies focus on symptomatic relief to improve patient quality of life.As dopamine replacement treatment remains the most effective symptomatic pharmacotherapy for PD,herein we provide an overview of the current pharmacotherapies,summarize the clinical development status of novel dopaminergic agents,and highlight the challenge and opportunity of emerging preclinical dopaminergic approaches aimed at managing the features and progression of PD.
Dynamic response of an alluvial valley consists of three types of soil

Dynamic response of an alluvial valley consisting of three different types of soil was studied. In the twodimensional model, the alluvial valley was assumed to have half-cylindrical shape. The alluvial valley contained three different types of soil with different shapes. The valley was surrounded by a half-space. All of the soil types and the half-space were assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous and linear elastic. The half-space was excited by simple harmonic SH-waves radiated from a strike-slip fault. The fault was assumed to have circular-arc shape in the mathematical model. The governing equations were solved by using wave function expansion method where boundary conditions were relatively simple. In the regions where boundary conditions were more complex, finite difference method was employed. Consequently, the wave propagation problem was solved semi-analytically. The obtained numerical results showed that surface displacement amplitudes are significantly affected by the material properties of the different soil types of the alluvial valley. It was also observed that the shapes of the soil types in the alluvial valley played a considerable role in surface displacements.
Application of wavelet transform in structural health monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a process of implementing a damage detection strategy in existing structures to evaluate their condition to ensure safety. The changes in the material, geometric and/or structural properties affect structural responses, which can be captured and analyzed for condition assessment. Various vibration-based damage detection algorithms have been developed in the past few decades. Among them, wavelet transform (WT) gained popularity as an efficient method of signal processing to build a framework to identify modal properties and detect damage in structures. This article presents the state-of-the-art implementation of various WT tools in SHM with a focus on civil structures. The unique features and limitations of WT, and a comparison of WT and other signal processing methods, are further discussed. The comprehensive literature review in this study will help interested researchers to investigate the use of WT in SHM to meet their specific needs.
Oxidation of petroleum-based byproducts diformyltricyclodecanes (DFTD) with O_2 under catalyst-free and ultra-low temperature

Oxidation of petroleum-based byproduct dicyclopentadiene derived diformyltricyclodecanes (DFTD) to dicarboxyltriclodecanesacids (DCTDA) was conducted under catalyst-free and ultra-low temperature conditions with O_2 as oxidant. In the perspective of industry process, oxygen pressure and contents, solvent and raw material initial concentrations were screened to evaluate their influence on DCTDA generation. Results indicate that DFTD oxidation can occur rather easily under no-catalyst and ultra-low temperature conditions with O2 as oxidant. Oxygen content and pressure had positive effect on DCTDA production, γ-valerolactone (GVL) behaved best on DFTD generation in dynamics, while methanol could be used as a protective solvent to preserve DFTD. Besides, the existence of water in solventwas not beneficial to DCTDA production because of poor DFTD compatibilitywithwater. Themechanisms ofO2 and solvent influence on DCTDA generationwere discussed.Meanwhile, the oxidation route of DFTD–Intermediate–DCTDA was proposed. The presentwork exhibits the valued potential of DFTD, which will have a positive effect on high added value of petroleum based by-products.
Zwitterionic polymer-coated porous poly(vinyl acetate–divinyl benzene) microsphere: A new support for enhanced performance of immobilized lipase

Enzyme immobilization has attracted great attention for improving the performance of enzymes in industrial applications. This work was designed to create a new support for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization. A porous poly(vinyl acetate–divinyl benzene) microsphere coated by a zwitterionic polymer, poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivative, was developed for CRL immobilization via hydrophobic binding. The catalytic activity, reaction kinetics, stabilities and reusability of the immobilized CRL were investigated. It demonstrated the success of the zwitterionic polymer coating and subsequent CRL immobilization on the porous microsphere. The immobilized lipase (p2-MS-CRL) reached 27.6 mg·g~(-1) dry carrier and displayed a specific activity 1.5 times higher than free CRL. The increase of Vmax and decrease of K_m were also observed, indicating the improvement of catalytic activity and enzyme-substrate affinity of the immobilized lipase. Besides, p2-MS-CRL exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability and pH tolerance. The improved performancewas considered due to the interfacial activation regulated by the hydrophobic interaction and stabilization effect arisen by the zwitterionic polymer coating. This study has thus proved the advantages of the zwitterionic polymer-coated porous carrier for lipase immobilization and its potential for further development in various enzyme immobilizations.
Transformation of phthalic acid diesters in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic leachate treatment process

Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different when the DBP initial concentration is different, the overall system DBP removal efficiencies are high (N94%). DEHP is much more difficult to remove than DBP. The removal efficiency of DEHP is approximately 75%–78%. The results of mass balance calculations indicate that approximately 33.7%–50.7% of the DBP is degraded by the activated sludge, 48.9%–64.9% accumulates in the system, and 0.4%–1.4% is contained in the final effluent. Approximately 15.0%–19.0% of the DEHP is degraded by activated microcosms, 75.8%–79.0% accumulates in the system, and 5.2%–6.0% is contained in the final effluent. Biodegradation and adsorption to the activated sludge are the main mechanisms for DBP removal and adsorption to the activated sludge is the main mechanism for DEHP removal. The different removal mechanisms of the two PAEs may be related to their different molecular structures. However, PAEs are not really removed when they adsorb onto the sludge. Therefore, methods for decreasing PAEs adsorption and increasing the biodegradation efficiencies of the leachate treatment processes should be further investigated.
Effect of salts and their interaction with ingenious surfactants on the interfacial tension of crude oil/ionic solution

Understanding the roles of asphaltene and resin as natural surfactants existed in crude oil can enlighten contradicting reported results regarding interfacial tension (IFT) of crude oil/aqueous solution as a function of salinity and ion type. In this way, this study is aimed to investigate the effect of these natural surface active agents on IFT of with special focus on SO_4~(2-) anion and Mg~(2+) cation. Two different synthetic oil solutions of 8 wt% of the extracted asphaltene and resin dissolved in toluene are prepared, and then IFT values are measured. After that, the obtained results are compared with the IFT of intact crude oil in contact with the same saline solutions examined in the previous stage. The obtained results showed a synergistic effect ofNa_2SO_4+MgCl_2 solution unlike the MgSO_4~+ MgCl_2 and CaSO_4~+ MgCl_2 solutions on IFT reduction of resin at MgCl_2 concentration of 15000 mg·kg~(-1). In summary, it is found that the affinity of asphaltene molecules towards the interface of oleic phase/ionic solution leads to higher IFT variation.
Microscopic and macroscopic atomization characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer, injecting a viscous fuel oil

Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOx and SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers. The atomization characteristics of HFO (Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer (PSA) are studied for different pressures difference (Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizermass flowrate (m), discharge coefficient (C_D), spray cone angle (θ), breakup length (L_b), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet (λ_s), global and local SMD (sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced fromthe shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO (as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far fromthe atomizer. The measurement forSMD and θwere compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD and θ showa good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results showthat the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.