mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Anthropogenic Forcings and El Nino on Chinese Extreme Temperatures

This study investigates the potential influences of anthropogenic forcings and natural variability on the risk of summer extreme temperatures over China. We use three multi-thousand-member ensemble simulations with different forcings (with or without anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions) to evaluate the human impact, and with sea surface temperature patterns from three different years around the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 2015/16 event (years 2014, 2015 and 2016) to evaluate the impact of natural variability. A generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is used to fit the ensemble results. Based on these model results, we find that, during the peak of ENSO (2015), daytime extreme temperatures are smaller over the central China region compared to a normal year (2014). During 2016, the risk of nighttime extreme temperatures is largely increased over the eastern coastal region. Both anomalies are of the same magnitude as the anthropogenic influence. Thus, ENSO can amplify or counterbalance (at a regional and annual scale) anthropogenic effects on extreme summer temperatures over China. Changes are mainly due to changes in the GEV location parameter. Thus, anomalies are due to a shift in the distributions and not to a change in temperature variability.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Elastic Anisotropy of Pd at Extreme Conditions

It is very interesting to discover the elastic properties of engineering material palladium, especially its elastic anisotropy along Hugoniot states. We here investigate the evolution of its high pressure and temperature (PT) elastic ansotropy along Hugoniot using molecular dynamics simulations based on accurate classical interatomic potential. In order to testify the validity of the interatomic potential of Pd in describing the high PT elastic properties, we calculate its isothermal and adiabatic elastic moduli using molecular dynamics method. The obtained data are in good agreement with experimental data. From the isothermal elastic constants, we deduce the Hugoniot acoustic velocities and find that the resulting data are in good agreement with experimental acoustic velocity data. Based on the reliable elastic constants, we further investigate the spacial elastic ansotropy along Hugoniot PT states. It is found that the spacial elastic anisotropy of Pd increases along Hugoniot states.
Global Asymptotics of Orthogonal Polynomials Associated with a Generalized Freud Weight

In this paper, the authors consider the asymptotic behavior of the monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to the weight function w(x) = |x|~(2α) e~(-(x4+tx2)), x 2 R, where is a constant larger than -1 2 and t is any real number. They consider this problem in three separate cases: (i) c > -2, (ii) c = -2, and (iii) c < -2, where c := tN-1/2 is a constant, N = n + and n is the degree of the polynomial. In the first two cases, the support of the associated equilibrium measure μt is a single interval, whereas in the third case the support of μ_t consists of two intervals. In each case, globally uniform asymptotic expansions are obtained in several regions. These regions together cover the whole complex plane. The approach is based on a modified version of the steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problems introduced by Deift and Zhou (1993).
Characteristic of tradeoffs between timber production and carbon storage for plantation under harvesting impact: A case study of Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem

The tradeoffs and optimizations of ecosystem services are the key research fields of ecology and geography. It is necessary to maximize the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage for forest ecological development in China. We selected the Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem as our study area, and used InVEST model to evaluate timber production and carbon storage quantitatively. The results showed that: (1) While timber production increased with harvesting intensity over the planning horizon, carbon storage decreased. There were tradeoffs between timber production and carbon storage according to the significant negative relationship. (2) While the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage increased with harvesting intensity, the value of tradeoffs decreased. T1 and T2 scenarios, with harvesting intensity of 10%–20% every 10 years, are the optimum management regimes for the two ecosystem services to gain more benefit and less tradeoffs. (3) The current harvesting intensity in Huitong County was slightly higher than the optimum harvesting intensity. On practical dimension, these findings suggested that obvious objectives are needed to formulate the corresponding countermeasures of tradeoffs, in order to realize the improvement of ecosystem services and the optimization of ecosystem structures.
Spatio-temporal simulation of the geopolitical environment system

Geographical circumstances are the fundamental background for all kinds of geopolitical events. The geopolitical environment system (GES) refers to a system that combines both physical and anthropogenic subsystems. Research on the geopolitical environment system simulation is a key to understanding the international geopolitical phenomenon. The theory of GES arose from the integration of the traditional geopolitics and earth system sciences. As an interdisciplinary system composed of many different fields, integrated reviews and a metadata study of GES are urgently needed. This paper presents a comprehensive view into the origination and advance of the GES theory. The conceptual framework of the GES is described in detail. The methodology for simulating and forecasting geopolitical events is also provided. It is proposed that the core topics of the GES science may include, but are not limited to, issues as data acquisition technologies; principles on the interactions between multiple subsystems (or factors) at different scales; evaluating and mitigating the global geopolitical risks, including the political risks, economic risks, the social risks, the environmental risks and the technological risks; and forecasting the geopolitical events with machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques.
Phenology of Ficus spp. in a tropical dry forest, Mudumalai, south India

The phenology of figs (Ficus spp. Moraceae) is being monitored in the dry forests of Mudumalai, southern India and individuals belonging to the genus are marked with unique tag numbers and their vegetative and reproductive phenologies have been monitored since August 2000 on a monthly basis. The influence of abiotic factors on fig phenology and the differences between fig and nonfig phenologies are being examined. The seasonality of different phenophases of fig phenology is also being examined. The maximum intensity of leaf flush occurred in drier months. Fig and non-fig species showed significant differences with expansion and senescence phenophases of leafing. Flowering also occurred in drier months. There were significant differences between fig and non-fig species with reproductive phenophases. As with non-fig species, leafing was influenced by maximum temperatures. Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were significantly seasonal.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Pistacia species revealed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene markers and implications for conservation

Information on population genetic structure and crop genetic diversity is important for genetically improving crop species and conserving threatened species. The PAL gene sequence is part of a multigene family that can be utilized to design DNA marker systems for genetic diversity and population structure investigation. In the current study, genetic diversity and population structure of 100 accessions of wild Pistacia species were investigated with 78 PAL markers. A protocol for using PAL sequences as DNA markers was developed. A total of 313 PAL loci were recognized, showing 100 %polymorphism for PAL markers. The PAL markers produced relatively more observed and effective alleles in Pistacia falcata and Pistacia atlantica, with a higher Shannon's information index and expected heterozygosity in P. atlantica, Pistacia vera and Pistacia mutica. Pairwise assessment of Nei's genetic distance and genetic identity between populations revealed a close association between geographically isolated populations of Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia chinensis. The accessions of wild Pistacia species had more genetic relationship among studied groups of species. Analysis of molecular variance indicated 19 %amongpopulation variation and 81 %within-population variation for the PAL gene based DNA marker. Population structure analysis based on PAL revealed four groups with high genetic admixture among populations. The results establish PAL markers as a functional DNA marker system and provide important genetic information about accessions from wild populations of Pistacia species.
Variation of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in poplar plantations of different genotypes and stem spacings

To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial. Soil enzyme activities, in most cases, were significantly higher in topsoil (0–10 cm) than in lower horizons (10–20 cm). Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend. Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not. Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5 × 5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings. The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6 × 6 m spacing. At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings. Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone. The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern. Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities (p<0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities (p<0.01). Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities. Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity.
Effects of soil fauna on leaf litter decomposition under different land uses in eastern coast of China

Soil fauna decompose litter, whereas land use changes may significantly alter the composition and structure of soil fauna assemblages. However, little is known of the effects of land-use on the contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition. We studied the impacts of soil fauna on the decomposition of litter from poplar trees under three different land uses (i.e. poplar-crop integrated system, poplar plantation, and cropland), from December 2013 to December 2014, in a coastal area of Northern Jiangsu Province. We collected litter samples in litterbags with three mesh sizes (5, 1 and 0.01 mm, respectively) to quantify the contribution of various soil fauna to the decomposition of poplar leaf litter. Litter decomposition rates differed significantly by land use and were highest in the cropland, intermediate in the poplar-crop integrated system, and lowest in the poplar plantation. Soil fauna in the poplar-crop integrated system was characterized by the highest numbers of taxa and individuals, and highest Margalef's diversity, which suggested that agro-forestry ecosystems may support a greater quantity, distribution, and biodiversity of soil fauna than can single-species agriculture or plantation forestry. The individuals and groups of soil fauna in the macro-mesh litterbags were higher than in the meso-mesh litterbags under - the same land use types. The average contribution rate of meso- and micro-fauna to litter decomposition was 18.46%, which was higher than the contribution rate of macro-fauna (3.31%). The percentage of remaining litter mass was inversely related to the density of the soil fauna (P<0.05) in poplar plantations; however, was unrelated in the poplar-crop integrated system and cropland. This may have been the result of anthropogenic interference in poplar-crop integrated systems and croplands. Our study suggested that when land-use change alters vegetation types, it can affect species composition and the structure of soil fauna assemblages, which, in turn, affects litter decomposition.
Elevational diversity gradients across seed plant taxonomic levels in the Lancang River Nature Reserve: role of temperature, water and the mid-domain effect

It remains unclear whether the elevational diversity gradients observed in seed plants across different taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species) are driven by the same macro-environmental variables. In this study, seed plant elevational distribution data from the Lancang River Nature Reserve (Yunnan, China) were used to investigate spatial patterns in diversity and their environmental correlates, comparing across taxonomic levels. Environmental variables included energy availability, climate seasonality and environmental heterogeneity. All taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species) were found to have strong elevational richness gradients, with the strength of the gradient weakening at higher taxonomic levels. Spatial patterns in richness were explained by a combination of contemporary environmental variables and the mid-domain effect at all taxonomic levels. The independent effects of temperature- and precipitation-related variables were similar in explaining geographical patterns of family, genus and species richness. Energy, seasonality and heterogeneity variables influenced seed plant spatial richness at different taxonomic levels in similar ways.
Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption of woody species in response to climatic conditions and soil nutrients: a meta-analysis

Nutrient resorption before abscission is an important nutrient conservation mechanism regulated by climatic conditions and soil nutrients. However, our current understanding of leaf nutrient resorption is primarily derived from site-specific studies or from the use of greenleaf nutrient concentrations to represent those in soils. It remains unknown how nutrient resorption responds to natural soil-nutrient concentrations at a global scale. The effects of plant functional groups, climatic conditions, and soil nutrients and their interactions on leaf nutrient resorption are also unknown. In this study, we established a global database derived from 85 published papers, including 547 reports of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE), climatic factors (LAT, latitude; MAT, mean annual temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation) and soil-nutrient data (STN, soil total nitrogen; STP, soil total phosphorus) across 111 research sites. The results demonstrated that mean NRE and PRE were 48.4 and 53.3%, respectively. NRE of trees was lower than those of shrubs. NRE and PRE of coniferous species were both higher than those of broad-leaved species. Evergreen species had higher PRE than did deciduous species. NRE was negatively related to STN, but PRE and STP were not related. Both NRE and PRE decreased with increasing MAT and MAP but increased with increasing LAT. Plant functional groups, climate and soil nutrients jointly explained 22 and 32 %of the variations in NRE and PRE, respectively. It is important to note that climate (especially MAT) explained 12 and 29 %of the variations in NRE and PRE, respectively, implying that continuing global warming will exert an increasingly profound influence on plant nutrient cycles.
温热中药对大鼠背根神经节细胞寒、热敏感蛋白TRPM8 、TRPV1的作用研究

目的:探讨温热中药黑顺片、干姜、肉桂、仙茅对大鼠背根神经节细胞中寒、热敏感蛋白TRPM8、TRPV1的影响。方法:培养原代大鼠背根神经节细胞,应用温热中药黑顺片、干姜、肉桂、仙茅进行干预,观察各种细胞的增殖情况,并应用RT PCR、 Westernblot方法检测各组细胞的TRPM8、TRPV1及PPKA的基因、蛋白的表达。结果:与空白对照组比较,温热药可提高细胞TRPV1及PPKA基因、蛋白表达,可降低TRPM8基因、蛋白表达,温热药对背根神经节细胞TRPV1/ TRPM8的增高显著高于空白对照组。结论:温热药可能调控神经的TRPV1和TRPM8表达,TRPV1/ TRPM8可能是反映温热药的温热药性的表达指标之一,一定程度上揭示温热中药的药性生物学机制。
先天性内耳畸形致自发性脑脊液耳漏1例报告

脑脊液耳漏(cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea,CSFO)是指由于各种原因使脑脊液循环系统、特别是蛛网膜下腔与中耳相通,以致脑脊液流入中耳,临床常见于慢性中耳炎、颅底骨折或手术外伤等引起,而先天性内耳畸形致自发性脑脊液耳漏并不常见,并且临床表现缺乏特异性,所以该病容易漏诊和误诊。本文报道我科成功诊治的1例先天性内耳畸形致自发性脑脊液耳漏病例,并复习相关文献,探讨先天性内耳畸形致自发性脑脊液耳漏的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。
Prognostic factors and survival after surgical resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with validation of established and modified staging systems

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) display wide heterogeneity with highly variable prognosis. This study aimed to identify variables related to survival after surgical resection of PNET. Methods: A total of 143 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patient characteristics were analyzed and prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival were evaluated. The WHO, ENETS and AJCC scoring systems were applied to the cohort, and their ability to predict patient outcomes were compared. Results: Multivariate analysis found that female gender, lymph node metastases and increasing WHO 2010 grade to be independently associated with reduced overall survival(P<0.05). Patients requiring multi-visceral resection or debulking surgery found to be associated with shortest survival. ROC analysis found the ENETS and AJCC scoring systems to be similarly predictive of 5-year overall survival. Modified Ki67 significantly improved its accuracy in predicting 5-year overall survival(AUROC: 0.699 vs 0.605; P<0.01). Conclusions: Multi-visceral or debulking surgery is associated with poor outcomes. There seems to be no significant difference between enucleation and anatomical segmental resection. Available scoring systems have reasonable accuracy in stratifying disease severity, with no system identified as being superior. Prognostic stratification with modified grading systems needs further validation before applied in clinical practice.
The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis

Background: Immunotherapy has shown promise against solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the prognostic effect of PD-L1 in PDAC. Data sources: Electronic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed until December 2016. Through database searches, we identified articles describing the relationship between PD-L1 status and PDAC patient prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PD-1 and overall survival(OS). Results: Nine studies with 989 PDAC patients were included for PD-L1 expression analysis. And 5 studies with 688 PDAC patients were included in the prognostic analysis. The PD-L1 positive rate measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) was higher than that measured by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(P<0.001). PDAC patients with high expression levels of PD-L1 had significantly reduced OS(HR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.78–3.08). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic effect of PD-L1 levels was similar between the IHC and PCR methods. The PD-L1 positive rate was associated with PDAC T stages; the PD-L1 positive rate in the T3–4 group was higher than that in the T1-2 group(OR=0.37; P=0.001). Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression levels predicted a poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Thus, PD-L1 status helps determine treatment in PDAC patients.
Characterization and comprehension of corona partial discharge in air under power frequency to very low frequency voltage

For the partial discharge test of electrical equipment with large capacitance, the use of low-frequency voltage instead of power frequency voltage can effectively reduce the capacity requirements of test power supply. However, the validity of PD test under low frequency voltage needs to be evaluated. In order to investigate the influence of voltage frequency on corona discharge in the air, the discharge test of the tip-plate electrode under the frequency from 50 to 0.1 Hz is carried out based on the impulse current method. The results show that some of the main features of corona under low frequency do not change. The magnitude of discharge in a positive half cycle is obviously larger than that in a negative cycle. The magnitude of discharge and interval in positive cycle are random, while that in negative cycle are regular. With the decrease of frequency, the inception voltage increases. The variation trend of maximum and average magnitude and repetition rate of the discharge in positive and negative half cycle with the variation of voltage frequency and magnitude is demonstrated, with discussion and interpretation from the aspects of space charge transportation, effective discharge time and transition of discharge modes. There is an obvious difference in the phase resolved pattern of partial discharge and characteristic parameters of discharge patterns between power and low frequency. The experimental results can be the reference for mode identification of partial discharge under low frequency tests. The trend of the measured parameters with the variation of frequency provides more information about the insulation defect than traditional measurements under a single frequency (usually 50 Hz). Also it helps to understand the mechanism of corona discharge with an explanation of the characteristics under different frequencies.
Electrical treeing behaviors in silicone rubber under an impulse voltage considering high temperature

In this paper, work was conducted to reveal electrical tree behaviors (initiation and propagation) of silicone rubber (SIR) under an impulse voltage with high temperature. Impulse frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 1 kHz were applied and the temperature was controlled between 30 ℃ and 90 ℃. Experimental results show that tree initiation voltage decreases with increasing pulse frequency, and the descending amplitude is different in different frequency bands. As the pulse frequency increases, more frequent partial discharges occur in the channel, increasing the tree growth rate and the final shape intensity. As for temperature, the initiation voltage decreases and the tree shape becomes denser as the temperature gets higher. Based on differential scanning calorimetry results, we believe that partial segment relaxation of SIR at high temperature leads to a decrease in the initiation voltage. However, the tree growth rate decreases with increasing temperature. Carbonization deposition in the channel under high temperature was observed under microscope and proven by Raman analysis. Different tree growth models considering tree channel characteristics are proposed. It is believed that increasing the conductivity in the tree channel restrains the partial discharge, holding back the tree growth at high temperature.
益气通腑方干预老年严重脓毒症患者急性胃肠损伤的临床研究

目的观察益气通腑方对老年严重脓毒症并急性胃肠损伤(AGI)患者的影响并探讨其机制。方法将70例老年严重脓毒症AGI患者,随机分为对照组及观察组各35例。其中观察组女性11例,男性24例,平均年龄(74.58 ± 10.66)岁,APACHE II评分为(24.4 ± 2.6)分,对照组女性10例,男性25例,平均年龄(73.72 ± 10.81)岁,APACHE II评分为(23.8 ± 4.1)分,2组患者的一般资料经对比差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05) 。对照组采用西药常规病因及对症治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用益气通腑方鼻饲或口服,2组疗程均为5天。观察治疗前后2组患者28天死亡率、APACHE - II评分、急性胃肠损伤评分、SOFA评分,以及肠黏膜屏障指标:外周血二胺氧化酶(DAO) 、D -乳酸、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(iFABP) 、内毒素(ET)的变化。结果观察组死亡4例(11.4%) ,对照组13例(37.1%) ,两组患者28 d死亡率比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05) 。治疗后观察组APACHE - II评分、AGI评分、SOFA评分改善明显优于对照组。两组患者外周血DAO、D -乳酸、iFABP、ET与治疗前比均呈下降趋势(P < 0.05) ,但观察组上述指标显著低于对照组,两组间比较差异有显著统计学意义(P < 0.05) 。结论胃肠道给予益气通腑方能改善老年脓毒症患者急性胃肠损伤的症状和降低死亡率,其机制与减轻肠道黏膜损害并降低肠道通透性、促进胃肠蠕动,打断了肠源性感染与MODS之间的恶性循环有关。