mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The beaming effect and -ray emission for Fermi blazars

We study the -ray luminosity and beaming effect for Fermi blazars. Our results are as follows. (i) There are significant correlations between -ray luminosity and radio core luminosity, and between -ray luminosity and R_v, which suggests that the -ray emissions have a strong beaming effect. (ii) Using the L_(ext)/M_(abs) as an indicator of environment effects, we find that there is no significant correlation between -ray luminosity and L_(ext)/M_(abs) for all sources when we remove the effect of redshift. Flat spectrum radio quasars considered alone also do not show a significant correlation, but BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) still show a significant correlation when we remove the effect of redshift. These results suggest that the -ray emission may be affected by the environment on a kiloparsec scale for BL Lacs.
Effects of Boundary Current on Electromagnetic Dispersion Characteristics for a Relativistic Electron Beam

With betatron oscillation characteristics of the electron beam and ion channel effect taken into account, dispersion characteristics of electrostatic modes and TM modes for a relativistic electron beam guided by ion channel are studied. Dispersion relations are derived and solved numerically to investigate the dependence of the dispersion characteristics for electrostatic modes and TM modes on the betatron oscillation frequency and the ratio of the relativistic electron beam radius to the waveguide radius. The effects of the boundary current on the dispersion characteristic of the TM modes and the interaction between the betatron modes and TM modes are analyzed. When considering the boundary current, for a strong ion channel, a new low-frequency branch of the TM modes arises and the interaction frequency between the betatron modes and the TM01 modes is increased with the same parameters.
白藜芦醇对炎症反应microRNA调节作用

微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)是在真核生物中发现的一类可调控基因表达且高度保守的非编码小分子RNA,由约22个核苷酸构成。1993年, miRNA在秀丽隐杆线虫内首次被发现,至今已发现的miRNA超过1 000种。作为一种新的基因表达调控因子,miRNA主要通过与靶基因3'端非翻译区(3' Untranslated Regions,3'-UTR)不完全配对,对mRNA进行切割或抑制翻译,促进mRNA降解或抑制其转录发挥其蛋白水平的调节功能。除能够调控宿主细胞内基因表达外,受到刺激的细胞还可以选择性分泌miRNA,通过微粒体(microvesicles)、外泌体(exosomes)、高密度脂蛋白或RNA结合蛋白如Argonaute2、nucleophosmin 1在细胞间进行传递,进而影响靶细胞的生物学功能。
从医药产业链维度寻找医药工业发展之契机

虽然医药行业在我国所有工业中一枝独秀,并且即将出台的国家“十三五”规划也对医药工业发展有明显的支持力度,但随着新医改的深入及相关政策的相继出台,使医药产业链的上游医药工业发展受到了一定影响。比如,政府有关部门对公立医院的医院用药与医保用药实行2个总量控制;在医改试点城市中,社保部门对医院用药金额实行总额预付制;分级诊疗组成各种医联体推进中实行按人头付费,临床治疗路径按病种付费的趋势更为明朗;政府主管部门又宣布对医院实施药占比的限制;抗菌药物分级管理已成为常态化且更趋严厉;各省市药品招标中的药品价格还是呈下降态势等,使医药工业的发展举步维艰。国家又对药品审评趋严,药品一致性评价进展速度加快,对GMP、GSP、GLP、 GAP监管力度加大,医保支付标准向通用名靠拢,互联网销售药品的目录清单至今未能出台等。这些政策制度迫使我国医药工业一定会在产品结构、药物创新、企业管理、销售模式等方面出现根本性变化,而这些医药产业链出现的变化肯定会给制药企业带来机遇与挑战。
超声波辅助纤维素酶解法提取马尾松花粉中的总黄酮

目的采用超声波辅助纤维素酶解法提取马尾松花粉中的总黄酮,并优化工艺条件。方法以马尾松花粉中的总黄酮量为指标,通过考察纤维素酶质量分数、乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间、超声温度等因素的影响,并采用正交试验优化提取工艺参数。结果最优提取工艺参数组合为纤维素酶质量分数0.2%,溶剂乙醇体积分数60%,液固比25 ∶ 1,超声时间30 min,总黄酮含有量12.02 mg/g。结论该方法不仅提取时间短,提取条件温和,溶剂用量少,提取率高,提取成本低,而且减少了有机溶剂带来的环境污染。
Evaluation Method on Steering for the Shape-shifting Robot in Different Configurations

The evaluation method on steering is based on qualitative manner in existence, which causes the result inaccurate and fuzziness. It reduces the efficiency of process execution. So the method by quantitative manner for the shape-shifting robot in different configurations is proposed. Comparing to traditional evaluation method, the most important aspects which can influence the steering abilities of the robot in different configurations are researched in detail, including the energy, angular velocity, time and space. In order to improve the robustness of system, the ideal and slippage conditions are all considered by mathematical model. Comparing to the traditional weighting confirming method, the extent of robot steering method is proposed by the combination of subjective and objective weighting method. The subjective weighting method can show more preferences of the experts and is based on five-grade scale. The objective weighting method is based on information entropy to determine the factors. By the sensors fixed on the robot, the contract force between track grouser and ground, the intrinsic motion characteristics of robot are obtained and the experiment is done to prove the algorithm which is proposed as the robot in different common configurations. Through the method proposed in the article, fuzziness and inaccurate of the evaluation method has been solved, so the operators can choose the most suitable configuration of the robot to fulfil the different tasks more quickly and simply.
家庭动态图对儿童社会能力及行为问题的预测作用

家庭动态图的研究现状显示,通过家庭动态图可了解绘画者在处理家庭关系中的态度,了解其人与人之间的互动模式以及沟通方法等等。社会能力是儿童为顺利的适应社会而具备的社会情绪和认知方面的技能和行为。问题行为是指任何一种引起麻烦的行为或者说这种行为所产生的麻烦。以往研究多倾向于将绘画测验用于某一单体行为问题或社会能力,其结果也较单一。研究工具多选用房树人,学校动态画等测验工具,对儿童家庭动态图的使用频率较少。本研究尝试利用问卷调查和儿童家庭动态图,探索当前儿童绘画特点与其社会能力和问题行为的关系。
Progress on quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change and human activities on cropland change

It is important to study the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes in the fields of both climate change and land use change. Relationships between cropland changes and driving forces were qualitatively studied in most of the previous researches. However, the quantitative assessments of the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes are needed to be explored for a better understanding of the dynamics of land use changes. We systematically reviewed the methods of identifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to cropland changes at quantitative aspects, including model analysis, mathematical statistical method, framework analysis, index assessment and difference comparison. Progress of the previous researches on quantitative evaluation of the contributions was introduced. Then we discussed four defects in the assessment of the contributions of climate change and human activities. For example, the methods were lack of comprehensiveness, and the data need to be more accurate and abundant. In addition, the scale was single and the explanations were biased. Moreover, we concluded a clue about quantitative approach to assess the contributions from synthetically aspect to specific driving forces. Finally, the solutions of the future researches on data, scale and explanation were proposed.
Mapping the bathymetry of shallow coastal water using singleframe fine-resolution optical remote sensing imagery

This paper presents a bathymetry inversion method using single-frame fine-resolution optical remote sensing imagery based on ocean-wave refraction and shallow-water wave theory. First, the relationship among water depth, wavelength and wave radian frequency in shallow water was deduced based on shallow-water wave theory. Considering the complex wave distribution in the optical remote sensing imagery, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and spatial profile measurements were applied for measuring the wavelengths. Then, the wave radian frequency was calculated by analyzing the long-distance fluctuation in the wavelength, which solved a key problem in obtaining the wave radian frequency in a single-frame image. A case study was conducted for Sanya Bay of Hainan Island, China. Single-frame fine-resolution optical remote sensing imagery from QuickBird satellite was used to invert the bathymetry without external input parameters. The result of the digital elevation model (DEM) was evaluated against a sea chart with a scale of 1:25 000. The root-mean-square error of the inverted bathymetry was 1.07 m, and the relative error was 16.2%. Therefore, the proposed method has the advantages including no requirement for true depths and environmental parameters, and is feasible for mapping the bathymetry of shallow coastal water.
Adaptive WiFi-offloading algorithm based on attractor selection in heterogeneous wireless networks

The unforeseen mobile data explosion poses a major challenge to the performance of today's cellular networks, and cellular networks are in urgent need of novel solutions to handle such voluminous mobile data. Obviously, data offloading through third-party WiFi access points (APs) can effectively alleviate the data load in the cellular networks with a low operational and capital expenditure. In this paper, we propose and analyze an adaptive WiFi-offloading algorithm based on attractor selection in heterogeneous wireless networks. In the proposed WiFi-offloading algorithm, the WiFi system throughput and cellular throughput in the coverage area of WiFi, are mapped into the activity of the attractor, which is the reflector of the current network environment. When the current attractor activity is low, the network is dominated by the noise. Then, the noise triggers the controller to select adaptive attractor, an optimal WiFi-offloading ratio ф, to adapt to the dynamic network environment. And users offload the specific portion of traffic to the WiFi networks with the ratio of ф, which improves the throughput of heterogeneous wireless networks and alleviates the load of cellular networks. Through simulation, we show that the proposed WiFi-offloading algorithm outperforms the existing ones with 21% higher heterogeneous network throughput in a dense traffic environment.
右额叶孤立性纤维瘤术后复发一例

讨论孤立性纤维瘤(solitary fibrous tumor,SFT)是一种少见的间叶源性梭形细胞肿瘤,起源于树突状细胞,1931年Klemperer和Coleman首先报道。SFT分为胸膜SFT、胸膜外SFT,形态学难区分。胸膜外SFT以皮下组织最多见(约40%),也可见于四肢深部软组织、头颈部、脑膜、胸壁、纵隔、心包、腹膜、腹盆腔。多无症状,少数有压迫或神经损害症状,部分见副瘤综合征:杵状指(趾)、骨关节病、低血糖症等。中枢神经系统SFT(central nervous system SFT,cSFT)起源于硬脑膜,好发于后颅窝及椎管内,脑内或脑室内发病罕见。cSFT CT表现:边界清楚,卵圆形/分叶状,等密度,增强扫描可轻度/无强化,或中度/显著强化;进行性延迟强化是其特征性表现,持续时间长,本例即为进行性延迟强化。MR表现:T_1Wl低/等信号;T_2WI信号多样:高信号(黏液样变区);略高信号(肿瘤细胞密集区);低信号区(致密胶原纤维),增强呈不均一/结节状强化,T_2WI等/略高信号区存在片状低信号即"阴阳征"是其特征改变。本病应与以下疾病鉴别:(1)脑膜瘤:中年女性好发,矢状窦旁,大脑镰、大脑凸面等处好发。CT表现:可钙化,均匀明显强化,瘤周水肿轻,颅骨增厚/变薄。MRI表现:明显强化,硬膜尾征。(2)血管外皮细胞瘤:单发,可见于任何年龄(中年多),男性多于女性,好发于颅底、大脑镰旁、小脑幕等处。CT表现:坏死显著,无钙化,显著强化,颅骨破坏。MRI表现:显著强化,水肿轻/无,T_2WI无低信号区,MRS肌醇波升高。(3)脑原发性淋巴瘤:国内报道多见于50岁以下者,深部白质脑室旁及脑表面多见。CT表现:密度均匀,无钙化及出血,强化明显。MRI表现:T_1WI稍低信号,T_2WI稍高信号,DWI高信号,ADC值明显低于高级别胶质瘤,均质显著强化。cSFT诊断最终依靠病理及免疫组织化学,CT、MRI可指导手术并帮助决定是否放疗,并对诊断有一定提示作用。cSFT唯一根治方法是完整切除,恶性倾向者建议放疗。术前放疗可使瘤体缩小,血管减少,有利于完全切除。本例患者未行放化疗,术后3年肿瘤复发。
Dr.Hadoop: an infinite scalable metadata management for Hadoop-Howthe baby elephant becomes immortal

In this Exa byte scale era, data increases at an exponential rate. This is in turn generating a massive amount of metadata in the file system. Hadoop is the most widely used framework to deal with big data. Due to this growth of huge amount of metadata, however, the efficiency of Hadoop is questioned numerous times by many researchers. Therefore, it is essential to create an efficient and scalable metadata management for Hadoop. Hash-based mapping and subtree partitioning are suitable in distributed metadata management schemes. Subtree partitioning does not uniformly distribute workload among the metadata servers, and metadata needs to be migrated to keep the load roughly balanced. Hash-based mapping suffers from a constraint on the locality of metadata, though it uniformly distributes the load among NameNodes, which are the metadata servers of Hadoop. In this paper, we present a circular metadata management mechanism named dynamic circular metadata splitting (DCMS). DCMS preserves metadata locality using consistent hashing and locality-preserving hashing, keeps replicated metadata for excellent reliability, and dynamically distributes metadata among the NameNodes to keep load balancing. NameNode is a centralized heart of the Hadoop. Keeping the directory tree of all files, failure of which causes the single point of failure (SPOF). DCMS removes Hadoop's SPOF and provides an efficient and scalable metadata management. The new framework is named 'Dr. Hadoop' after the name of the authors.
Validation of numerical simulation tools for wind-driven natural ventilation design

This paper presents a validation of airflow network (AFN) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a naturally ventilated office building using wind tunnel measurements as the reference for external pressure coefficients and effective airflow rate prediction. The CFD simulation model is also used to study the effect of partially open windows on the effective flow rate. This study also includes a design exercise for a naturally ventilated office building that analyses the differences in predicted average window open area for a typical weather year. The results obtained show that, for simple isolated buildings, CFD can predict pressure coefficients with less than 20% average error. For cases with interfering surrounding buildings or more complex building geometries the average error is less than 40%. Average errors in bulk flow rates are lower:typically less than 25%. The largest errors occur in effective flow rate predictions for cases where the openings are exposed to recirculations and shear driven flows.
Numerical investigation of particle transport characteristics in an isolated room with single-sided natural ventilation

Single-sided natural ventilation has been common in multi-family residential buildings. Current research usually presumes that the outdoor air is clean, which is not realistic under the outdoor pollution situations. In this study, the particle transport and airflow pattern in an isolated living room with the single-sided natural ventilation are numerically investigated by means of Eulerian drift-flux model combined with the Eulerian fluid method. The results indicate that larger wind speed does not necessarily achieve better ventilation effect and higher air change rate (ACH). At high wind speeds, the effect of wind direction on the room average concentration becomes more conspicuous. Small particles tend to disperse in the room more uniformly while large particles exhibit stratified distributions. The results would be useful for optimizing single-sided natural ventilation in buildings.
Full field reservoir modeling of shale assets using advanced data-driven analytics

Hydrocarbon production from shale has attracted much attention in the recent years. When applied to this prolific and hydrocarbon rich resource plays, our understanding of the complexities of the flow mechanism (sorption process and flow behavior in complex fracture systems - induced or natural) leaves much to be desired. In this paper, we present and discuss a novel approach to modeling, history matching of hydrocarbon production from a Marcellus shale asset in southwestern Pennsylvania using advanced data mining, pattern recognition and machine learning technologies. In this new approach instead of imposing our understanding of the flow mechanism, the impact of multi-stage hydraulic fractures, and the production process on the reservoir model, we allow the production history, well log, completion and hydraulic fracturing data to guide our model and determine its behavior. The uniqueness of this technology is that it incorporates the so-called "hard data" directly into the reservoir model, so that the model can be used to optimize the hydraulic fracture process. The "hard data" refers to field measurements during the hydraulic fracturing process such as fluid and proppant type and amount, injection pressure and rate as well as proppant concentration. This novel approach contrasts with the current industry focus on the use of "soft data" (non-measured, interpretive data such as frac length, width, height and conductivity) in the reservoir models. The study focuses on a Marcellus shale asset that includes 135 wells with multiple pads, different landing targets, well length and reservoir properties. The full field history matching process was successfully completed using this data driven approach thus capturing the production behavior with acceptable accuracy for individual wells and for the entire asset.
Soil organic matter amendments in date palm groves of the Middle Eastern and North African region: a mini-review

Countries in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region are among the most water-scarce regions in the world, and their dryland soils are usually poor in organic carbon content (<0.5%). In this study, we summarize examples of how people in the few oases of the MENA region overcome environmental challenges by sustainably managing economically important date production. On the basis of the limited studies found in the existing literature, this mini-review focuses on the role of traditional soil organic matter amendments beneath the soil surface as a key tool in land restoration. We conclude that soil organic matter amendments can be very successful in restoring soil water and preventing the soil from salinization.
Rangelands of Central Asia: challenges and opportunities

Rangelands of Central Asia (referring to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in this study), the largest contiguous area of grazed land in the world, serve as an important source of livelihood for pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in this region. They also play an important role in absorbing CO_2 as a global carbon sink. However, unsustainable management of rangelands has led to their degradation hugely by downgrading their potential agro-ecological, environmental and socio-economical roles. This paper reviewed the rangeland degradation in Central Asia, a topic which so far has received only scant coverage in the international scientific literature. It also provided examples of successful experiences and outlined possible options that land managers can adopt to enhance the sustainable management of these vast degraded rangelands. The experiences and lessons described in this paper may also be relevant for other degraded rangeland areas, especially in the developing countries. The causes of rangeland degradation within the Central Asian region are numerous, complex and inter-related. Therefore, while addressing the factors associated with improper rangeland management may shed some light on the causes of rangeland degradation, the scope of this paper would not be all-encompassing for the major causes of degradation. There is a need to develop and widely apply the viable and locally accepted and adapted packages of technical, institutional and policy options for sustainable rangeland management. Incentivizing the collective action of small-scale pastoralists who group together to facilitate access to remote pastures can reduce the degree of overgrazing within community pastures, such as those near the settlements. We also found that migratory grazing through pooling of resources among small-scale pastoralists can increase household income. After their independence, most Central Asian countries adopted various rangeland tenure arrangements. However, the building of enhanced capacities of pasture management and effective local rangeland governance structures can increase the likelihood, which will be sustainable and equitable. Finally, this paper presented several promising technical options, aiming at reversing the trend of rangeland degradation in Central Asia.
Above- and below-ground biomass and carbon stocks of different tree plantations in central Iran

In arid and semi-arid lands using industrial wastewater for irrigating tree plantations offers a great opportunity to fulfill the purpose of Clean Development Mechanism by sequestering carbon in living tissues as well as in soil. Selection of tree for plantation has a great effect on the goal achievements, especially when the managers deal with afforestation projects rather than reforestation projects. The objective of this study was to quantify the above- and below-ground biomass accumulation and carbon storages of the 17-year-old monoculture plantations of mulberry (Morus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) and Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Greene) planted in central Iran. To assess the potential carbon storage, we destructively measured individual above- and below-ground tree biomass and developed and scaled models at stand level. Furthermore, carbon content at three soil depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 cm), the litter and the understory were assessed in sample plots. The results showed that the total amount of carbon stored by Eldar pine (36.8 Mg/hm~2) was higher than those stored by the trees in the other three plantations, which were 23.7, 10.0, and 9.6 Mg/hm~2 for Arizona cypress, mulberry and black locust plantations, respectively. For all the species, the above-ground biomass accumulations were higher than those of the below-ground. The root mass fractions of the deciduous were larger than those of the coniferous. Accordingly, the results indicate that the potential carbon storages of the coniferous were higher than those of the deciduous in arid regions.
Response of soil water dynamics to precipitation years under different vegetation types on the northern Loess Plateau, China

Implementation of the Grain-for-Green project has led to rapid land cover changes and resulted in a significantly increased vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau of China during the past few decades. The main objective of this study was to examine the responses of soil water dynamics under four typical vegetation types against precipitation years. Soil water contents (SWCs) were measured in 0-4.0 m profiles on a hillslope under the four vegetation types of shrub, pasture, natural fallow and crop in a re-vegetated catchment area from April to October in normal (2010), dry (2011), wet (2014) and extremely wet (2013) years. The results indicated that precipitation and vegetation types jointly controlled the soil water temporal dynamics and profile characteristics in the study region. SWCs in 0-4.0 m profiles of the four vegetation types were ranked from high to low as crop>fallow>pasture>shrub and this pattern displayed a temporal stability over the four years. In the extremely wet year, SWC changes occurred in the 0-2.0 m layer under shrub and pasture while the changes further extended to the depth of 4.0-m deep layers under fallow and crop. In the other three years, SWCs changes mainly occurred in the 0-1.0 m layer and kept relatively stable in the layers deeper than 1.0 m for all the four vegetation types. The interannual variation in soil depth of SWCs was about 0-2.0 m for shrub and pasture, about 0-3.4 m for fallow and about 0-4.0 m for crop, respectively. The dried soil layers formed at the depths of 1.0, 0.6, 1.6 and 0.7 m under shrub, and 1.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 0.9 m under pasture, respectively in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014. The infiltrated rainwater mostly stayed in the 0-1.0 m layer and hardly supplied to soil depth >1.0 m in normal, dry and wet years. Even in the extremely wet year of 2013, rainwater recharge depth did not exceed 2.0 m under shrub and pasture. This implied that soil desiccation was difficult to remove in normal, dry and wet years, and soil desiccation could be removed in 1.0-2.0 m soil layers even in the extremely wet year under shrub and pasture. The results indicated that the natural fallow was the best vegetation type for achieving sustainable utilization of soil water and preventing soil desiccation.