mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High-performance supercapacitor based on MOF derived porous NiCo_2O_4 nanoparticle

Transition metal oxide is a promising candidate for future supercapacitors due to its pronounced electrical properties and low cost. Unfortunately, the poor cycle stability and low capacitance due to the small lattice spacing and strong volume expansion in dense transition metal oxide impede its practical applications seriously. Herein, a nanoporous electrode of metal oxide has been prepared via the solvothermal and subsequent calcination process of MOF-74 (MOF=metal-organic framework), which shows outstanding cycle reversibility, excellent capacitance. Because of large surface areas with a nanoporous structure which is beneficial to the ion transport and relief to volume expansion. Three samples with different divalent metals (MOF-74-Ni, MOF-74-NiCo2 and MOF-74-Co) were prepared by hydrothermal method. After a facile annealing process, the NiO, NiCo_2O_4 and Co_3O_4 with the large surface area and porous structure were easily obtained and further the electrochemical properties were investigated. As a result, the NiCo_2O_4 electrode exhibits obviously high specific capacity (684 F/g) and excellent cycling stability (86% retention after 3000 cycles) compared with the monometallic oxides.
Theoretical foundations of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs)

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging powerful technology for converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy through the effect of triboelectricity. Starting from the expanded Maxwell's equations, the theoretical framework of TENGs has been gradually established. Here, a review is given about its recent progress in constructing of this general theory. The fundamental mechanism of TENGs is constructed by the driving force—Maxwell's displacement current, which is essentially different from that of electromagnetic generators. Theoretical calculations of the displacement current from a threedimensional mathematical model are presented, as well as the theoretical studies on the TENGs according to the capacitor models. Furthermore, the figure-of-merits and standards for quantifying the TENG's output characteristics are discussed, which will provide important guidelines for optimizing the structure and performance of TENGs toward practical applications. Finally, perspectives and challenges are proposed about the basic theory of TENGs and its future technology development.
Annual 30-m land use/land cover maps of China for 1980–2015 from the integration of AVHRR,MODIS and Landsat data using the BFAST algorithm

Annual land use land cover(LULC)change information at medium spatial resolution(i.e.at 30 m)is required in numerous subjects,such as biophysical modelling,land management and global change studies.Annual LULC information,however,is usually not available at continental or national scale due to reasons such as insufficient remote sensing data coverage or lack of computational capabilities.Here we integrate high temporal resolution and coarse spatial resolution satellite images(i.e.,Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS)normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI))with high spatial resolution datasets(China’s Land-Use/cover Datasets(CLUDs)derived from 30-meter Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI)to generate reliable annual nominal 30 m LULC maps for the whole of China between 1980 and 2015.We also test the performance of a statistical based change detection algorithm(Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend),originally designed for tracking forest change,in classifying all-type LULC change.As a result,a nominal 30 m annual land use/land cover datasets(CLUD-A)from 1980 to 2015 was developed for the whole China.The mapping results were assessed with a change sample dataset,a regional annual validation sample set and a three-year China sample set.Of the detected change years,75.61% matched the exact time of conversion within ±1 year.Annual mapping results provided a detail process of urbanization,deforestation,afforestation,water and cropland dynamics over the past 36 years.The consistent characterization of land change dynamics for China can be further used in scientific research and to support land management for policy-makers.
Cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanodecoys for viruses

Viruses cause numerous acute,chronic and life-threatening infectious diseases,and remain a major public health problem worldwide.The wide-spreading and highly pathogenic viruses,including hepatitis virus,human immune deficiency virus(HIV),Zika virus(ZIKV),influenza and Ebola,bring huge medical burden(Guo et al.,2019;Holmes et al.,2016).Currently,there are 250 million chronic HBV carriers(Yuen et al.,2018)and 37.9 million HIV carriers worldwide(WHO,2018,https://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/).As a global killer,seasonal epidemics of influenza could result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 200,000 to 650,000 deaths annually(Woyessa et al.,2018).Up to date,SARS-CoV-2 has caused over two million cases in more than 213 countries,areas or territories with over 150,000 deaths(WHO,2020,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus- 2019/situation-reports/).Although anti-pathogenic agents and vaccines were introduced into modern medicine in the last century,an estimated 25% of annual deaths worldwide are directly attributed to infectious diseases(Morens et al.,2004).These epidemiological data signal a clear urgency and highlight the importance of developing anti-infection approaches to address the resistance or deficiencies of antiviral formulations and vaccines(Bricarello et al.,2012).For most viruses,interaction with attachment factors and receptors expressed on the host cell membrane is an essential process to establish infection(Marsh and Helenius,2006).Such pathogenic binding and entry mechanisms offer opportunities for developing broadly applicable antiviral strategy,which subvert the interaction of specific membrane proteins and viruses.
Rhizobial infection triggers systemic transport of endogenous RNAs between shoots and roots in soybean

Legumes have evolved a symbiotic relationship with rhizobial bacteria and their roots form unique nitrogen-fixing organs called nodules.Studies have shown that abiotic and biotic stresses alter the profile of gene expression and transcript mobility in plants.However,little is known about the systemic transport of RNA between roots and shoots in response to rhizobial infection on a genome-wide scale during the formation of legume-rhizobia symbiosis.In our study,we found that two soybean(Glycine max)cultivars,Peking and Williams,show a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms;this allowed us to characterize the origin and mobility of transcripts in hetero-grafts of these two cultivars.We identified 4,552 genes that produce mobile RNAs in soybean,and found that rhizobial infection triggers mass transport of mRNAs between shoots and roots at the early stage of nodulation.The majority of these mRNAs are of relatively low abundance and their transport occurs in a selective manner in soybean plants.Notably,the mRNAs that moved from shoots to roots at the early stage of nodulation were enriched in many nodule-related responsive processes.Moreover,the transcripts of many known symbiosis-related genes that are induced by rhizobial infection can move between shoots and roots.Our findings provide a deeper understanding of endogenous RNA transport in legume-rhizobia symbiotic processes.
Formic acid oxidation by iridium single-atom catalysts on nitrogendoped carbon

The challenge of the depletion of traditional fossil fuels forces researchers to develop sustainable and highly effective energy storage and conversion technologies.Direct formic acid fuel cells(DFAFCs)exhibit great potential applications in small,lightweight and long-lasting portable power sources,due to the inherent advantages of formic acid,e.g.,safer and easier to store and handle than hydrogen,faster electro-oxidation kinetics than ethanol and lower fuel crossover through the Nafion membrane than methanol.However,the fast deactivation and slow kinetics of the electrocatalysts seriously restrict the wide commercialization of DFAFCs.
Synthesis,characterization,and tunable semiconducting properties of aza-BODIPY derived polycyclic aromatic dyes

Azadipyrromethene derived polycyclic aromatic complexes(HBPs)containing thirteen fused rings have been synthesized,which show highly selective intense absorption in the near infrared spectrum(NIR)region with high photo- and thermo-stability.The periphery alkoxy and alkyl substituents greatly affect their molecular packing structures in thin films and their thin film transistor performances.With the simple changes of the alkyl substituents,the packing structures changed from discrete-grain with H-aggregation type absorption to lamellar packing with J-aggregation type absorption,and the semiconducting properties were modulated from p-type to interesting ambipolar-type in solution-processed organic field effect transistors(OFETs)with hole and electron mobilities reaching to 0.42 and 0.17 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1),respectively.
Fine-tuning HOMO energy levels between PM6 and PBDB-T polymer donors via ternary copolymerization

To achieve high-efficiency polymer solar cells(PSCs),it is not only important to develop high-performance small molecule acceptors(SMAs)but also to find a matching polymer donor to achieve optimal morphology and matching electronic properties.Currently,state-of-the-art SMAs mostly rely on a donor polymer named PM6.However,as the family of SMAs continues to expend,PM6 may not be the perfect polymer donor due to the requirement of energy level matching.In this work,we tune the energy level of PM6 via the strategy of ternary copolymerization.We achieve two donor polymers(named PL-1 and PL-2)with upshifted HOMO(the highest occupied molecular orbital)energy level(compared with PM6),and can thus match with the SMAs with upshifted HOMO energy levels compared with Y6.These two copolymers exhibit slightly higher order of molecular packing and similar charge transport properties,which demonstrate that the method of ternary copolymerization can fine tune the HOMO level of donor polymers,while the morphology and mobility of the blend film remain mostly unaffected.Among them,the best device based on PL-1:Y6 exhibits power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 16.37% with lower open circuit voltage(V_(oc))but higher short circuit current voltage(J_(sc))and fill factor(FF)than that of the device based on PM6:Y6.This work provides an effective approach to find polymer matches for the SMAs with upshifted HOMO levels.
High-efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on an organic molecule donor with an asymmetric thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran unit

Two p-type small molecules BDTT-TR and TBFT-TR with benzo[1,2-b′:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT)and thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran(TBF)as central core units are synthesized and used as donors in all-small-molecule organic solar cells(all-SMOSCs)with a narrow-bandgap small molecule Y6(2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo [3,4-e]thieno[2″,3’′:4’,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6- difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile)as the acceptor.In comparison to BDTT-TR with centrosymmetric BDT as the central unit,TBFT-TR with asymmetric TBF as the central unit shows red-shifted absorption,higher charge-carrier mobility and better charge pathway in blend films.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the all-SMOSCs based on TBFT-TR:Y6 reaches 14.03% with a higher short-circuit current density of 24.59 mA cm~(-2) and a higher fill factor of 72.78% compared to the BDTT-TR:Y6 system.The PCE of 14.03% is among the top efficiencies of all-SMOSCs reported in the literature to date.
Reversible light-driven magnetic switching of salen cobalt complex

Spin-crossover(SCO)metal complexes are expected to be widely used in data storage materials,display devices and sensors.Although a lot of spin-crossover photoswitches have been developed,the reversible photomodulation cases that work at room temperature are limited.Herein,a novel cobalt complex o-1-Co(II)wherein the salen unit bridges with bis-diarylethene has been designed as switch to construct “off-on” logic operation at room temperature.The complex o-1-Co(II)displays an abrupt,reversible and hysteretic spin crossover(T_(1/2)↓=166 K,T_(1/2)↑=177 K,and ΔT_(1/2)=11 K)between the high-spin(HS)and low-spin(LS)states.Meanwhile,photocyclization of o-1-Co(II)with UV light produces a photoresponsive closed form c-1-Co(II),which always stays at low-spin without SCO at all.Moreover,the magnetic switching of the complex can also be achieved with redox reactions between Co(II)and Co(III).
A fluorescent probe operating under weak acidic conditions for the visualization of HOCl in solid tumors in vivo

Levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cancer cells or in the tumor microenvironment differ noticeably from those in normal cells and cellular microenvironments because ROS play important roles in all aspects of tumor physiology.However,due to the lack of adequate tools,it is difficult to study the relationship between ROS,especially certain types of ROS(e.g.,HOCl),and cancer.We report herein an HOCl-specific fluorescent probe,FDOCl-20,containing a thiocarbamide group as a receptor,for the visualization of HOCl in solid tumors in vivo.This probe displays high selectivity and sensitivity to HOCl,and is appropriate for use in acidic conditions,including the tumor microenvironment.Using FDOCl-20 as a tool,we can visualize HOCl in solid tumors in vivo.Importantly,the fluorescent intensity of FDOCl-20 is proportional to tumor volume.Thus,FDOCl-20 is a useful tool to investigate the relationship between HOCl and the physiological processes of tumors.
Dopant-free hole transporting materials with supramolecular interactions and reverse diffusion for efficient and modular p-i-n perovskite solar cells

The rational design of dopant-free organic hole-transporting layer(HTL)materials is still a challenge for realizing high-efficient and stable p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs).Here,we synthesized two π-conjugated small-molecule HTL materials through tailoring the backbone and conjugated side chain to carefully control molecular conformation.The resultant BDT-TPAsTh containing a planar fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT)core and a conjugated thiophene side chain showed the planar conformation.X-ray crystallography showed a favorable stacking model in solid states under the parallel-displaced π-π and additional S-π weak-bond supramolecular interactions,thus achieving an obviously increased hole mobility without dopants.As an HTL material in p-i-n planar pero-SCs,the marginal solubility of BDT-TPA-sTh enabled inverse diffusion into the perovskite precursor solution for assisting the subsequent perovskite film growth and passivating the uncoordinated Pb~(2+)ion defects.As a result,the planar p-i-n pero-SCs exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.5% and enhanced moisture stability.Importantly,the BDT-TPA-sTh HTL material also showed weak thickness-photovoltaic dependence,and the pero-SCs with blade-coated BDT-TPA-sTh as a HTL achieved a 15.30% PCE for the 1-cm~2 modularized device.This HTL material design strategy is expected to pave the way toward high-performance,dopant-free and printing large-area planar p-i-n pero-SCs.
Multiple brake orbits of even Hamiltonian systems on torus

In this paper, we establish a relationship between the Morse index at rest points in the saddle point reduction and the brake-orbit-type Maslov index at corresponding brake orbits. As an application, we give a criterion to find brake orbits which are contractible and start at { 0 }×T~n ⊂ T~(2n) for even Hamiltonian on T~(2n) by the methods of the Maslov-index theory and a critical point theorem formulated by Bartsch and Wang (1997). Explicitly, if all trivial solutions of a Hamiltonian are nondegenerate in the brake orbit boundary case, there are at least max { i_(L_0) (z_0) } pairs of nontrivial 1-periodic brake orbits if i_(L_0) (z_0) > 0 or at least max {– i_(L_0) (z_0)– n } pairs of nontrivial 1-periodic brake orbits if i_(L_0) (z_0) <– n. In the end, we give an example to find brake orbits for certain Hamiltonian via this criterion.
Regulating silver nanowire size enables efficient photoelectric conversion

The increasing demand for the state-of-the-art transparent conductive electrodes has received great interest in synthesizing silver nanowires(AgNWs)with a uniform diameter that exhibit excellent conductance,transparency,flexibility and mechanical ductility.Herein,we report the controllable synthesis of ultrathin AgNWs with high aspect ratio via a polyol-assisted process.The diameter of AgNWs can be continuously modulated from 20 to 80 nm by simply adjusting the aging time.The selfassembled films fabricated by using AgNWs with a diameter of 20 nm as building blocks enable an excellent performance and show a sheet resistance of ~30 Ω/sq and an optical transmittance of 94%.In addition,such nanowire-based conductive films can keep the excellent flexibility and resistance after bending 10,000 cycles.Similarly,the intelligent dimming films prepared by this AgNW films also have excellent flexibility and stability.
生态环境曲面建模基本定理及其应用

在高精度曲面建模方法和地球表层系统建模基本定理研究结果基础上,演绎提出了生态环境曲面建模基本定理.以京津冀地区为案例,对基于生态环境曲面建模基本定理的空间升尺度、空间降尺度、空间插值、数据融合和模型-数据同化等算法进行了实证研究,与传统算法精度进行了比较分析.结果表明,由于基于生态环境曲面建模基本定理的各种算法综合了外蕴量信息和内蕴量信息,同时运用了理论上完善的信息综合方法,使海拔高度曲面的升尺度均方根误差至少降低了9m,年平均气温未来情景的降尺度精度至少提高16%,年平均气温过去变化趋势的数据融合精度至少提高70%,年平均降雨量过去变化趋势的空间插值精度至少提高0.2%,碳储量的模型-数据同化精度提高了40%.文章最后讨论了生态曲面建模基本定理亟待解决的五大理论问题和四大应用基础问题.
Highly-rough surface carbon nanofibers film as an effective interlayer for lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery with a new configuration is demonstrated by inserting a flexible nitrogen-doping carbon nanofiber(N-CNFs)interlayer between the sulfur cathode and the separator.The N-CNFs film with high surface roughness and surface area is fabricated by electrospinning and a subsequent calcination process.The N-CNFs film interlayer not only effectively traps the shuttling migration of polysulfides but also gives the whole battery reliable electronic conductivity,which can effectively enhance the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.Finally,Li-S batteries with long cycling stability of 785 mAh/g after 200 cycles and good rate capability of 573 mAh/g at 5 C are achieved.
Recent progress on nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts for water splitting and electroreduction of carbon dioxide

The exploitation of renewable energy as well as the elimination of the harmful impact of excessive carbon emission are worldwide concerns for sustainable development of the ecological environment on earth.To address that,the technologies regarding energy conversion systems,such as water splitting and electroreduction of carbon dioxide,have attracted significant attention for a few decades.Yet,to date,the production of green fuels and/or high energy density chemicals like hydrogen,methane,and ethanol,are still suffering from many drawbacks including high energy consumption,low selectivity,and sluggish reaction rate.In this regard,nanostructured bimetallic materials that is capable of taking the full benefits of the coupling effects between different elements/components with structure modification in nanoscale are considered as a promising strategy for high-performance electrocatalysts.Herein,this review aims to outline the important progress of these nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts.It starts with the introduction of some important fundamental background knowledge about the reaction mechanism to understand how these reactions happen.Subsequently,we summarize the most recent progress regarding how the nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts manipulate the activity and selectivity of catalytic reactions in the order of bimetallic alloying effect,interface/substrate effect of bi-component electrocatalyst,and nanostructuring effect.
Recent progress in organic electrodes for zinc-ion batteries

Organic zinc-ion batteries(OZIBs)are emerging rechargeable energy storage devices and have attracted increasing attention as one of the promising alternatives of lithium-ion batteries,benefiting from the Zn metal(low cost,safety and small ionic size)and organic electrodes(flexibility,green and designable molecular structure).Organic electrodes have exhibited fine electrochemical performance in ZIBs,but the research is still in infancy and hampered by some issues.Hence,to provide insight into OZIBs,this review summarizes the progress of organic cathode materials for ZIBs and points out the existing challenges and then addresses potential solutions.It is hoped that this review can stimulate the researchers to further develop high-performance OZIBs.
Engineering the photoelectrochemical behaviors of ZnO for efficient solar water splitting

Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and solving the world's crisis of energy and environment.The third-generation direct bandgap semiconductor of zinc oxide(ZnO)with properties of environmental friendliness and high efficiency for various photocatalytic reactions,is a suitable material for photoanodes because of its appropriate band structure,fine surface structure,and high electron mobility.However,practical applications of ZnO are usually limited by its high recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,lack of surface reaction force,inadequate visible light response,and intrinsic photocorrosion.Given the lack of review on ZnO's application in photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,this paper reviews ZnO's research progress in PEC water splitting.It commences with the basic principle of PEC water splitting and the structure and properties of ZnO.Then,we explicitly describe the related strategies to solve the above problems of ZnO as a photoanode,including morphology control,doping modification,construction of heterostructure,and the piezo-photoelectric enhancement of ZnO.This review aims to comprehensively describe recent findings and developments of ZnO in PEC water splitting and to provide a useful reference for the further application and development of ZnO nanomaterials in highly efficient PEC water splitting.
216例感染性皮肤病几种病原体镜检方法对比

湿片法镜检因其具有操作简单、出结果快速及成本低廉等特点而被临床广泛应用,但由于受很多主观因素影响而使其检出率和准确率都不够理想,使得在临床上的应用价值大打折扣,学者们一直在研究和改进技术方法试图解决问题。本研究收集216例感染性皮肤病病例标本,应用湿片法和荧光染色法镜检并对结果进行比较分析。