mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the West Section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt

As an important part of South China Old Land, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt plays a significant role in explaining the assembly and the evolution of the Upper Yangtze Block and Cathaysia, as well as the structure and growth mechanism of continental lithosphere in South China. The Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups are the base strata of the west section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt. Thus, the research of geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups is significant. The maximum sedimentary age of the Lengjiaxi Group is ca. 862 Ma, and the minimum is ca. 822 Ma. The Zhangjiawan Formation, which is situated in the upper part of the Banxi Group is ca. 802 Ma. The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata should thus belong to the Neoproterozoic in age. The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt consisting of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as important constituents is not a Greenville Orogen Belt (1.3 Ga–1.0 Ga). The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a recyclic orogenic belt, and the prototype basin is a foreland basin with materials derived from the southwest and the sediments belong to the active continental sedimentation. By combining large amounts of dating data of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as well as equivalent strata, the evolutionary model of the western section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is established as follows:Before 862 Ma, the South China Ocean was subducted beneath the Upper Yangtze Block, while a continental island arc was formed on the side near the Upper Yangtze Block. The South China Ocean was not closed in this period. From 862 Ma to 822 Ma, the Upper Yangtze Block was collided with Cathaysia; and sediments began to be deposited in the foreland basin between the two blocks. The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata were thus formed and the materials might be derived from the recyclic orogenic belt. From 822 Ma to 802 Ma, Cathaysia continued pushing to the Upper Yangtze Block, experienced the Jinning-Sibao Movement (Wuling Movement); as result, the folded basement of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was formed. After 802 Ma, Cathaysia and the Upper Yangtze Block were separated from each other, the Nanhua rift basin was formed and began to receive the sediments of the Banxi Group and equivalent strata. These large amounts of dating data and research results also indicate that before the collision of the Upper Yangtze Block with Cathaysia, materials of the continental crust became less and less from the southwest to the east in the Jiangnan Orogeneic Belt; only island arc and neomagmatic arc were developed in the eastern section. Ocean-continent subduction or continent-continent subduction took place in the western and southern sections, while intra-oceanic subduction occurred in the eastern section. Comprehensive analyses on U-Pb ages and Hf model ages of zircons, the main provenance of the Lengjiaxi Group is Cathaysia.
Intestinal Microbiota Metabolism and Atherosclerosis

Objective: This review aimed to summarize the relationship between intestinal microbiota metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to propose a novel CVD therapeutic target. Data Sources: This study was based on data obtained from PubMed and EMBASE up to June 30, 2015. Articles were selected using the following search terms: "Intestinal microbiota", "trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)", "trimethylamine (TMA)", "cardiovascular", and "atherosclerosis",. Study Selection: Studies were eligible if they present information on intestinal microbiota metabolism and atherosclerosis. Studies on TMA-containing nutrients were also included. Results: A new CVD risk factor, TMAO, was recently identified. It has been observed that several TMA-containing compounds may be catabolized by specific intestinal microbiota, resulting in TMA release. TMA is subsequently converted to TMAO in the liver. Several preliminary studies have linked TMAO to CVD, particularly atherosclerosis; however, the details of this relationship remain unclear. Conclusions: Intestinal microbiota metabolism is associated with atherosclerosis and may represent a promising therapeutic target with respect to CVD management.
盐酸氨溴索在脑出血老年患者气管切开术后肺部感染中的应用

高血压脑出血患者常因意识障碍误吸、吞咽、咳嗽功能受损易继发肺不张、肺部感染而需行气管切开术,对该类患者有效控制肺部并发症可缩短住院时间、降低费用。我们对46例脑出血老年患者气管切开术后并发的肺部感染进行治疗,现将结果报道如下。
INTEGRABLE DISCRETISATION OF THE LOTKA-VOLTERRA SYSTEM

In this paper, we apply Hirota's discretisation to a three-dimensional integrable Lotka-Volterra system. By analyzing the three-dimensional modified equation of the resulting numerical method, we show that it is volume-preserving, and has two independent first integrals. Moreover, it can be formally reduced to a system in one dimension via a volumepreserving transformation. If the given initial value is located in the positive octant, we prove that the numerical solution is confined to a one-dimensional connected and compact space which is diffeomorphic to a circle.
甲钴胺球旁注射联合电刺激治疗外伤性动眼神经麻痹的MRI观察

目的观察甲钴胺球旁注射联合电刺激治疗完全性外伤性动眼神经麻痹的疗效及MRI改变。方法共选取外伤性动眼神经麻痹患者16例,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组(10例)及对照组(6例)。2组患者均给予常规治疗,包括激素抗炎、改善微循环药物、营养神经药物、B族维生素、针灸及心理干预等;治疗组在此基础上辅以甲钴胺球旁注射及调制中频电疗,甲钴胺球旁注射每次注射500 μg,每天治疗1次,每周治疗5 d,调制中频电疗每次持续20 min,每天治疗1次,每周治疗5 d。上述治疗均以治疗1个月为1个疗程,根据患者恢复情况持续治疗1 ~3个疗程。于治疗前、治疗后分别观察2组患者患侧上眼睑睁开时间、瞳孔大小、对光反射及眼球运动情况,其中治疗组患者于治疗前、后进行动眼神经MRI快速小角度激发三维成像(3D-FLASH)序列平扫和增强检查,采用多平面重建技术(MPR)显示动眼神经脑池段影像,从而了解受损神经恢复情况。结果治疗组有8例痊愈,2例显效,对照组有1例痊愈,5例显效,治疗组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患眼睁开距受伤时间平均为(2.55 ±0.69)个月,明显短于对照组患眼睁开距受伤平均时间[(5.08 ±0.74)个月](P <0.05);治疗组患者经3 D-FLASH序列平扫和增强扫描后,发现其脑池段动眼神经由之前增强、增粗、粗糙逐渐恢复至正常形态。结论甲钴胺球旁注射联合调制中频电刺激治疗外伤性动眼神经麻痹具有显著疗效,另外3D-FLASH序列增强检查结合MPR技术能清楚显示外伤性动眼神经麻痹损伤程度,具有重要临床意义。
游离带神经的(足母)趾腓侧动脉皮瓣修复指端缺损

指端皮肤缺损在手外伤中常见,修复方法多种多样,各有优缺点。自2013年3月至2014年6月,我科对21例指端皮肤缺损患者,采用游离带神经的同侧(足母)趾腓侧动脉皮瓣修复创面,取得满意的临床效果。
上臂内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复肘部及前臂皮肤缺损

肘关节周围及前臂近、中段皮肤软组织缺损在临床中较为常见,处理起来较为棘手。经扩张后的上臂内侧皮瓣因可供切取皮瓣面积较大,厚薄适中,肤色与头面部近似,因此在修复面、颈部等皮肤缺损中得到广泛应用,而修复肘部及前臂近、中段皮肤缺损的报告尚不多见。2012年6月至2014年5月,我们应用上臂内侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复肘部及前臂近、中段皮肤软组织缺损患者9例,取得了满意的临床效果。
Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Carboniferous and Permian in the Qinshui Basin, Shanxi Province, China

The Qinshui Basin in the southeastern Shanxi Province is an important area for coalbed methane (CBM) exploration and production in China, and recent exploration has revealed the presence of other unconventional types of gas such as shale gas and tight sandstone gas. The reservoirs for these unconventional types of gas in this basin are mainly the coals, mudstones, and sandstones of the Carboniferous and Permian; the reservoir thicknesses are controlled by the depositional environments and palaeogeography. This paper presents the results of sedimentological investigations based on data from outcrop and borehole sections, and basin-wide palaeogeographical maps of each formation were reconstructed on the basis of the contours of a variety of lithological parameters. The palaeogeographic units include the depositional environments of the fluvial channel, flood basin(lake), upper delta plain, lower delta plain, delta front, lagoon, tidal flat, barrier bar, and carbonate platform. The Benxi and Taiyuan Formations are composed mainly of limestones, bauxitic mudstones, siltstones, silty mudstones, sandstones, and economically exploitable coal seams, which were formed in delta, tidal flat, lagoon, and carbonate platform environments. The Shanxi Formation consists of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coals; during the deposition of the formation, the northern part of the Qinshui Basin was occupied mainly by an upper delta plain environment, while the central and southern parts were mainly occupied by a lower delta plain environment and the southeastern part by a delta front environment. Thick coal zones occur in the central and southern parts, where the main depositional environment was a lower delta plain. The thick coal zones of the Taiyuan Formation evidently occur in the sandstone-rich belts, located mainly in the lower delta plain environment in the northern part of the basin and the barrier bar environments in the southeastern part of the basin. In contrast, the thick coal zones of the Shanxi Formation extend over the mudstone-rich belts, located in the areas of the lower delta plain environments of the central and southern parts of the Basin. The Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, and Shiqianfeng Formations consist mainly of red mudstones with thick-interbedded sandstones. During the deposition of these formations, most areas of the basin were occupied by a fluvial channel, resulting in palaeogeographic units that include fluvial channel zones and flood basins. The fluvial channel deposits consist mainly of relatively-thick sandstones, which could have potential for exploration of tight sandstone gas.
Correction of two Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic units in the Tianshan Mountains region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and implications on the Late Paleozoic evolution of Tianshan tectonic complex, Northwest China

The present paper addresses two tectonostratigraphic concerns on the Late Paleozoic Tianshan tectonic complex (TTC), Xinjiang, Northwest (NW) China: (1) stratigraphic succession and age constraint of the Bayingou ophiolite melange, eastern Tianshan Mountains and (2) timing of closure of the southern Tianshan ocean and accretion of the Siberian craton recorded in the Aiweiergou (AWEG) area, eastern Tianshan Mountains by integrating stratigraphy, palaeontology, tectonopalaeogeography and palaeobiogeography. In the Bayingou area, the detailed palaeontological survey denies the presence of brachiopod Gigantoproductus fauna, typical of the Early Carboniferous faunas in central-south Tianshan complex, in the Anjihai Formation. In contrast, the Anjihai brachiopod assemblage, as a whole, appears to have a high affinity with the Late Devonian faunas of the eastern Junggar Basin, northern Xinjiang, suggesting a Late Devonian age for the Anjihai Formation. The overlying Shadawang Formation yields the Early Carboniferous radiolarians. These two units form the main part of the Bayingou ophiolite melange, which therefore is likely Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous in age. The Bayingou area has been likely part of the northern Tianshan-Junggar block since the Late Devonian, although it may have been part of the Central Tianshan tectonostratigraphic province prior to the Late Devonian. The topmost strata of the Bayingou ophiolite melange are characterized by alternation of volcanics, conglomerate and mudstone, and are better re-assigned to the Taoxigou Group rather than the Keguqingshan Formation. The Bayingou ophiolite melange comprises the Late Devonian Anjihai Formation, the Carboniferous Bayingou and Shadawang Formations, and the Early Permian Taoxigou Group. In the AWEG area, the Permian and Triassic rocks were previously misinterpreted as the Late Permian turbidites and Late Triassic red beds, respectively. In fact, the Permian successions in AWEG consist of the Early Permian Taoxigou Group and early Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation. The former represents a foreland molasse succession, while the latter yields abundant non-marine fossils of plants, bivalves, and gastropods, and represents typical lacustrine facies deposits. The unconformity between the Permian and the Triassic rocks cannot represent the closure of the Tianshan Ocean, but indicates tectonic uplifts in the foreland basins. In contrast, the molasse-type sediments of the Lower Permian Taoxigou Group may have resulted from the post-orogenesis uplifting and mark the closure of the Tianshan Ocean prior to the Early Permian. Thus, the closure of the Tianshan Ocean and the final tectonic accretion of the South Tianshan block might have taken place over the Permo-Carboniferous transition, strengthened by faunal assemblages obtained from both southern and northern sides of the TTC.
Responses of plant diversity and primary productivity to nutrient addition in a Stipa baicalensis grassland, China

Nutrient addition can affect the structure and diversity of grassland plant communities, thus alter the grassland productivity. Studies on grassland plant community composition, structure and diversity in response to nutrient addition have an important theoretical and practical significance for the scientific management of grassland, protection of plant diversity and the recovery of degraded grassland. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six blocks of eight treatments each: control (no nutrient addition) and K, P, N, PK, NK, NP, and NPK addition. We evaluated plant composition, height,coverage, density, and aboveground biomass to estimate primary productivity and plant diversity. Results showed that all treatments increased primary productivity significantly (P<0.05) with the exception of the K and the NPK treatments had the greatest effect, increasing aboveground biomass 2.46 times compared with the control (P<0.05). One-way ANOVA and factorial analysis were used for the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and aboveground biomass,and the relationships between the diversity indices and aboveground biomass were determined through linear regression. We found that fertilization altered the community structure; N (but not P or K) addition increased the proportion of perennial rhizome grasses and significantly reduced that of perennial forbs (P<0.05), thus it presented a trend of decrease in species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexex, respectively. Only the main effects of N had significant impacts on both the diversity indices and the aboveground biomass (P<0.05), and the interactions between N-P, N-K, P-K and N-P-K could be neglected. With fertilization, plant diversity (correlation coefficient, –0.61), species richness (–0.49), and species evenness (–0.51) were all negatively linearly correlated with primary productivity. The correlations were all significant (P<0.01). Scientific nutrient management is an effective way to improve grassland productivity, protect the plant diversity as well as recover the degraded grassland.
Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages (15 broilers per cage) for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50,75, or 100 mg of XOS kg~(–1) of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate (feed/gain, F/G) during days 22–42 and 1–42 (P<0.03), drip loss in thigh muscle (P=0.02), and duodenal crypt depth (P=0.005) on day 42, but had no effect (P>0.05) on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg~(-1) had the lowest (P<0.05) F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly (P=0.003) as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased (P<0.05) at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg~(-1). The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg~(-1) are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.
Cry1Ab rice does not impact biological characters and functional response of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis preying on Nilaparvata lugens eggs

One concern about the use of transgenic plants is their potential risk to natural enemies. In this study, using the eggs of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, as a food source, we investigated the effects of Cry1Ab rice on the biological characteristics and functional response of an important predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. The results showed that the survival ability (adult emergence rate and egg hatching rate), development (egg duration, nymphal developmental duration), adult fresh weight, adult longevity and fecundity of C. lividipennis on Bt rice plants were not significantly different compared to those on non-Bt rice plants. Furthermore, two important parameters of functional response (instantaneous search rate and handling time) were not significantly affected by Bt rice. In conclusion, the tested Cry1Ab rice does not adversely impact the biological character and functional response of C. lividipennis.
Physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers in winter wheat

The quality or structure of a wheat population is significantly affected by the compositions of tillers. Little has been known about the physiological basis for the differences of productive capacity among tillers. Two winter wheat cultivars, Shannong 15 (SN15) and Shannong 8355 (SN8355), were used to investigate the differences of productive capacity among tillers and analyze the physiological mechanisms that determine the superior tiller group. Low-position tillers (early initiated tillers) had a higher yield per spike than high-position tillers (late initiated tillers) in both cultivars, which was due to their more grain number per spike, more fertile spikelet per spike, less sterile spikelet per spike and higher grain weight. According to cluster analysis, tillers of SN15 were classified into 2 groups: superior tiller group including main stem (0), the first primary tiller (I) and the second primary tiller (II); and inferior tiller group including the third primary tiller (III) and the first secondary tiller (I-p). Tillers of SN8355 were classified into 3 groups: superior tiller group (0 and I), intermediate tiller group (II and III) and inferior tiller group (I-p). In comparison with other tiller groups, the superior tiller group had higher photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, higher antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD and CAT) activities and lower levels of lipid peroxidation in leaves,higher grain filling rate in both superior and inferior grains during grain filling, higher single-stem biological yield and larger single-stem economic coefficient. Correlation analysis showed that yield per spike was positively and significantly correlated with the flag leaf photosynthetic rate, grain filling rate, the antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content (except for SN15 at 5 days post-anthesis (DPA)) of flag leaf, the single-stem biological yield, and the single-stem economic coefficient. Remarkable negative correlation was also found between yield per spike and MDA content of flag leaf. These results suggested that superior tiller group had stronger leaf photosynthetic capacity, more predominance in terms of grain filling,slower senescence rate, higher biological yield and larger economic coefficient, and therefore, showed greater productive capacity than other tiller groups.
The effects of high temperature level on square Bt protein concentration of Bt cotton

Higher boll worm survival rates were detected after high temperature presented during square period in Bt cotton. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high temperature level on the Bt efficacy of two different types of Bt cotton cultivars at squaring stage. During the 2011 to 2013 cotton growth seasons, high temperature treatments ranged from 34 to 44°C in climate chambers, and field experiments under high temperature weather with various temperature levels were conducted to investigate the effects of the high temperature level on square Bt protein concentration and nitrogen metabolism. The climate chamber experiments showed that the square insecticidal protein contents reduced after 24 h elevated temperature treatments for both cultivars, whereas significant declines of the square insecticidal protein contents were detected at temperature >38°C, and only slightly numerical reductions were observed when temperature below 38°C. Similar high temperature responses were also observed at the two field experimental sites in 2013. Correspondingly, high temperature below 38°C seems have little effect on the square amino acid concentrations, soluble protein contents, glutamic- pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities as well as protease and peptidase activities; however, when the temperature was above 38°C, reduced soluble protein contents, enhanced amino acid concentrations,decreased GPT and GOT activities, bolstered protease and peptidase activities in square were detected. In general, the higher the temperature is (>38°C), the larger the changes for the above compound contents and key enzymes activities of the square protein cycle. The findings indicated that the unstable insect resistance of the square was related to high temperature level during square stage.
NASA载人航天传播与教育研究

中国载人航天工程实施二十多年来,取得了大批技术与应用成果,在提高国家威望和综合国力、增强民族自豪感和凝聚力方面发挥了重要作用,有效带动了社会的可持续发展及社会文化进步,赢得了国内和国际社会的广泛关注。在社会多元化发展的时代,这种关注对于载人航天的发展具有多重影响。一方面,民众的热情和支持将为载人航天发展创造良好的社会环境和舆论氛围。另一方面,大众对载人航天活动效益的不同诉求也成为载人航天管理机构必须面对的挑战。尤其是2013年神舟十号开展的中国首次太空授课活动,国家媒体传播资源的集中投入将这次太空授课的影响力提高到新的高度。公众对太空授课好评如潮,同时也对未来空间站阶段开展教育活动寄予更多期望。在此背景下,研究如何提升载人航天公共形象,如何有效发挥载人航天的社会效益及应用效益,如何为载人航天的长远发展创造良好外部环境和积蓄人才力量等传播与教育领域的问题,关系我国载人航天长远与可持续发展,具有较强的紧迫性、重要性与现实意义。
Molten salt synthesis of mullite nanowhiskers using different silica sources

Mullite nanowhiskers with Al-rich structure were prepared by molten salt synthesis at 1000°C for 3 h in air using silica, amorphous silica, and ultrafine silica as the silica sources. The phase and morphology of the synthesized products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis was carried out to determine the reaction mechanism. The results reveal that the silica sources play an important role in determining the morphology of the obtained mullite nanowhiskers. Clusters and disordered arrangements are obtained using common silica and amorphous silica, respectively, whereas the use of ultrafine silica leads to highly ordered mullite nanowhiskers that are 80–120 nm in diameter and 20–30 μm in length. Considering the growth mechanisms, mullite nanowhiskers in the forms of clusters and highly ordered arrangements can be attributed to heterogeneous nucleation, whereas disordered mullite nanowhiskers are obtained by homogenous nucleation.
Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO_2–O_2–H_2S–SO_2 wet–dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO_2–O_2–H_2S–SO_2 wet–dry corrosion environment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N_2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (R_(ct)) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.