mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Delimitation and phylogeny of Aletris (Nartheciaceae) with implications for perianth evolution

Aletris, containing approximately 21 species, is the largest genus in Nartheciaceae, and is disjunctively distributed in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Its delimitation has been controversial because it is uncertain whether Metanarthecium should be included in the genus. Although there are a few molecular phylogenetic studies on Aletris, the interspecific relationships within the genus have never been evaluated in a phylogenetic context. Here we used two cpDNA loci, matK and trnL-F, to delimitate Aletris and discuss the phylogeny within the genus. Phylogenetic analyses showed Metanarthecium might be distantly related to Aletris. This is also supported by morphological, palynological, cytological, and phytochemical data. Therefore, Metanarthecium should be excluded from Aletris. Within Aletris, there are two major clades: A. farinosa and A. lutea of eastern North America and A. glabra of eastern Asia form clade A; and the remaining Asian species form clade B. The Asian clade includes three subclades: subclade I (two varieties of A. pauciflora, and A. glandulifera and A. megalantha), subclade II (three samples of A. laxiflora), and subclade III (all other sampled Asian species). Based on phylogenetic relationships, A. pauciflora var. khasiana deserves a specific status, and A. gracilipes, formerly a synonym of A. laxiflora, should be reinstated. The reconstruction of the perianth evolution indicates that perianth connate halfway and glabrous on abaxial surface are plesiomorphic for Aletris and Nartheciaceae. Farinose-glutinous perianth is a diagnostic character for clade A.
Periodic radio variability in NRAO 530:phase dispersion minimization analysis

A periodicity analysis of the radio light curves of the blazar NRAO 530 at 14.5,8.0,and 4.8 GHz is presented employing an improved phase dispersion minimization technique.The result,which shows two persistent periodic components of ~ 6 and ~ 10 yr at all three frequencies,is consistent with the results obtained with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and weighted wavelet Z-transform algorithms.The reliability of the derived periodicities is confirmed by the Monte Carlo numerical simulations which show a high statistical confidence.(Quasi-)Periodic fluctuations of the radio luminosity of NRAO 530 might be associated with the oscillations of the accretion disk triggered by hydrodynamic instabilities of the accreted flow.
Teleseismic receiver function using stacking and smoothing of multi seismic-records at a single station

Receiver functions(RFs)obtained using teleseismic wave records at a seismic station and synthetic seismograms indicate that RF with a single teleseismic wave record is related to the selection of record section and to the calculating parameters of the RF.The scatter noise contained in the seismogram also affects the quality of RF.A new method for calculating receiver function,stacking and smoothing multi-seismic records in a single station,is presented in this paper.The RF results using some records and some synthetic seismograms with different noises indicate prominent mantle discontinuity and thus prove that the method is effective and satisfied.
Peeling linear inversion of upper mantle velocity structure with receiver functions

A peeling linear inversion method is presented to study the upper mantle(from Moho to 800 km depth)velocity structures with receiver functions.The influences of the crustal and upper mantle velocity ratio error on the inversion results are analyzed,and three valid measures are taken for its reduction.This method is tested with the IASP91 and the PREM models,and the upper mantle structures beneath the stations GTA,LZH,and AXX in northwestern China are then inverted.The results indicate that this inversion method is feasible to quantify upper mantle discontinuities,besides the discontinuities between 3hM(hM denotes the depth of Moho)and 5hM due to the interference of multiples from Moho.Smoothing is used to overcome possible false discontinuities from the multiples and ensure the stability of the inversion results,but the detailed information on the depth range between 3hM and 5hM is sacrificed.
Numerical simulation on the influences of Wenchuan earthquake on the surrounding faults

On 12 May 2008,the devastating Wenchuan earthquake struck the Longmenshan fault zone,which comprised the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,and this fault zone was predominantly a convergent boundary with a right-lateral strike-slip component.After such a large-magnitude earthquake,it was crucial to analyze the influences of the earthquake on the surrounding faults and the potential seismic activity.In this paper,a complex viscoelastic model of western Sichuan and eastern Tibet regions was constructed including the topography.Based on the findings of co-seismic static slip distribution,we calculated the stress change caused by the Wenchuan earthquake with the post-seismic relaxation into consideration.Our preliminary results indicated that:(1) The tectonic stressing rate was relatively high in Kunlun mountain pass-Jiangcuo,Ganzi-Yushu,Xianshuihe and Zemuhe faults;while in the east Kunlun and Longriba was medium;also the value was less in the Minjiang,Longmenshan,Anninghe and Huya faults.As to the Longmenshan fault,the value was 0.28×10 3MPa/a to 0.35×10 3MPa/a,which is coincident with the previous long recurrence interval of Wenchuan earthquake;(2) The Wenchuan earthquake not only caused the Coulomb stress decrease in the source region,but also the stress increase in the two terminals,especially the northeastern segment,which is comparatively consistent with the aftershock distribution.Meanwhile,the high concentration areas of the static slip distribution were corresponding to the Coulomb stress reductions;(3) The Coulomb stress change caused by Wenchuan earthquake showed significant increase on five major faults,which were northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault,eastern Kunlun fault,Longriba fault,Minjiang fault and Huya fault respectively;also the Coulomb stress on the fault plane of the Yushu earthquake was faintly increased;(4) We defined the recurrence interval as the time needed to accumulate the magnitude of the stress drop,and the recurrence interval of Wenchuan earthquake was estimated about 1 714 a to 2 143 a correspondingly.
Relocation of the 10 March 2011 Yingjiang,China,earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications

An earthquake with MS5.8 occurred on 10 March 2011 in Yingjiang county,western Yunnan,China.This earthquake caused 25 deaths and over 250 injuries.In order to better understand the seismotectonics in the region,we collected the arrival time data from the Yunnan seismic observational bulletins during 1 January to 25 March 2011,and precisely hand-picked the arrival times from high-quality seismograms that were recorded by the temporary seismic stations deployed by our Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration.Using these arrival times,we relocated all the earthquakes including the Yingjiang mainshock and its aftershocks using the double-difference relocation algorithm.Our results show that the relocated earthquakes dominantly occurred along the ENE direction and formed an upside-down bow-shaped structure in depth.It is also observed that after the Yingjiang mainshock,some aftershocks extended toward the SSE over about 10 km.These results may indicate that the Yingjiang mainshock ruptured a conjugate fault system consisting of the ENE trending Da Yingjiang fault and a SSE trending blind fault.Such structural features could contribute to severely seismic hazards during the moderate-size Yingjiang earthquake.
Temperature dependence of birefringence in olarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibres

In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres(PMPCFs) is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PCF samples in the experiment,two effects leading to the birefringence variation under different temperatures are analysed,which are the thermal expansion of silica material and the refractive index variation due to the temperature variation.The actual birefringence variation of the PM-PCF is the combination of the two effects,which is in the order of 10~(-9) K~(-1) for both fibre samples.Calculation results also show that the influence of refractive index variation is the dominant contribution,which determines the tendency of the fibre birefringence variation with varying temperature.Then,the birefringence beat lengths of the two fibre samples are measured under the temperature,which varies from -40℃ to 80℃.A traditional PANDA-type polarization maintaining fibre(PMF) is also measured in the same way for comparison.The experimental results indicate that the birefringence variation of the PM-PCF due to temperature variation is far smaller than that of the traditional PMF,which agrees with the theoretical analysis.The ultra-low temperature dependence of the birefringence in the PM-PCF has great potential applications in temperature-insensitive fibre interferometers,fibre sensors,and fibre gyroscopes.
Fabrication and optical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light emitting diodes with amorphous BaTiO_3 ferroelectric film

BaTiO_3(BTO) ferroelectric thin films are prepared by the sol-gel method.The fabrication and the optical properties of an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light emitting diode(LED) with amorphous BTO ferroelectric thin film are studied.The photoluminescence(PL) of the BTO ferroelectric film is attributed to the structure.The ferroelectric film which annealed at 673 K for 8 h has the better PL property.The peak width is about 30 nm from 580 nm to 610 nm,towards the yellow region.The mixed electroluminescence(EL) spectrum of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well LED with 150-nm thick amorphous BTO ferroelectric thin film displays the blue-white light.The Commission Internationale De L’Eclairage(CIE) coordinate of EL is(0.2139,0.1627).EL wavelength and intensity depends on the composition,microstructure and thickness of the ferroelectric thin film.The transmittance of amorphous BTO thin film is about 93% at a wavelength of 450 nm-470 nm.This means the amorphous ferroelectric thin films can output more blue-ray and emission lights.In addition,the amorphous ferroelectric thin films can be directly fabricated without a binder and used at higher temperatures(200℃-400℃).It is very favourable to simplify the preparation process and reduce the heat dissipation requirements of an LED.This provides a new way to study LEDs.
Texture and self-biased property of an oriented M-type barium ferrite thick film by tape casting

In this paper,the oriented M-type barium ferrite(BaM) thick films with different thicknesses are prepared by tape casting.It is found that the crystallographic alignment degree(f),the pore and the squareness ratio(M_r/M_s) are not affected by the thickness of the film.XRD and SEM results show that the thick film has hexagonal morphology with a crystal texture of c-axis grains perpendicular to film plane.The hysteresis curve indicates that the BaM thick film exhibits a self-biased property with a remanent magnetization of 3.30 T,a squareness ratio(M_r/M_s) of 0.81,and a coercivity of 0.40 T.The results show that the BaM thick film has potential for use in self-biasing microwave devices,and also proves that the tape casting technique is capable of fabricating high-quality barium ferrite films,thus providing a unique opportunity to realize the large area production of thick film.
Study on the electromagnetic properties of a coated radar absorbent

The sol-gel method is used to fabricate Fe crystalline powders coated with SiO_2.By controlling the molar ratio R of diluted water to tetraethoxysilane(TEOS),Fe powders coated with SiO_2 with different morphological characteristics are fabricated.The influence of the core diameter on electromagnetic parameters is investigated.The effect of the amount of the coating material SiO_2 on electromagnetic parameters is given.Radar wave absorbing properties of Fe coated with SiO_2 and TiO_2 respectively are compared.
High temperature thermal behaviour modeling of large-scale fused silica optics for laser facility

High temperature annealing is often used for the stress control of optical materials.However,weight and viscosity at high temperature may destroy the surface morphology,especially for the large-scale,thin and heavy optics used for large laser facilities.It is necessary to understand the thermal behaviour and design proper support systems for large-scale optics at high temperature.In this work,three support systems for fused silica optics are designed and simulated with the finite element method.After the analysis of the thermal behaviours of different support systems,some advantages and disadvantages can be revealed.The results show that the support with the optical surface vertical is optimal because both pollution and deformation of optics could be well controlled during annealing at high temperature.Annealing process of the optics irradiated by CO_2 laser is also simulated.It can be concluded that high temperature annealing can effectively reduce the residual stress.However,the effects of annealing on surface morphology of the optics are complex.Annealing creep is closely related to the residual stress and strain distribution.In the region with large residual stress,the creep is too large and probably increases the deformation gradient which may affect the laser beam propagation.
The research of optical windows used in aircraft sensor systems

The optical windows used in aircrafts protect their imaging sensors from environmental effects.Considering the imaging performance,flat surfaces are traditionally used in the design of optical windows.For aircrafts operating at high speeds,the optical windows should be relatively aerodynamic,but a flat optical window may introduce unacceptably high drag to the airframes.The linear scanning infrared sensors used in aircrafts with,respectively,a flat window,a spherical window and a toric window in front of the aircraft sensors are designed and compared.Simulation results show that the optical design using a toric surface has the integrated advantages of field of regard,aerodynamic drag,narcissus effect,and imaging performance,so the optical window with a toric surface is demonstrated to be suited for this application.
The crystal structure,magnetism,and colossal magnetoresistance of Y_2CrS_4

Ternary yttrium chromium sulfide,Y_2CrS_4,prepared by the solid-state reaction of Y_2S_3,Cr,and S,was found to exhibit an antiferromagnetic transition at about 64 K.The X-ray diffraction pattern at 300 K was refined with space group Pca2_1,and the structure parameters were determined to be a = 12.51 A,b = 7.53 A,and c = 12.49 A.We investigated the magnetotransport properties,and observed negative colossal magnetoresistance reaching up to 2.5 × 10~4% in the semiconducting compound of Y_2CrS_4.
Transient optical modulation properties in the terahertz metamaterial of split ring resonators

The ultrafast optical modulation properties of split ring resonators are characterized by utilizing optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy.The experimental results show that when the terahertz electric vector is perpendicular to the gap of the split ring resonator,resonant absorption can be quenched significantly under high pump excitation.However,when the terahertz electric vector is parallel to the gap,the resonant absorption is less sensitive to pump excitation due to the structural properties of the metamaterial.Our numerical simulations also demonstrate that the pump pulse significantly influences the split ring resonator current by generating carriers in the substrate.
Linear stability analysis on a spherical particle growing from a binary melt under the far-field flow

The solutions of temperature and solute fields around a spherical crystal growing from a binary melt under the far-field flow are obtained.Based on the results,a linear stability analysis on the spherical interface growing from the binary melt under the far-field flow is performed.It is found that the constitutional supercooling effect ahead of the spherical crystal interface under the far-field flow is enhanced compared with that without the flow.The growth rate of the perturbation amplitude at the up-wind side of the spherical crystal interface is larger than that at the down-wind side.The critical stability radius of the crystal interface decreases with the increasing far-field flow velocity.Under the far-field flow,the whole spherical interface becomes more unstable compared with that without the flow.
Analytical evaluation of the plasma dispersion function for a Fermi-Dirac distribution

An efficient method for the analytic evaluation of the plasma dispersion function for the Fermi-Dirac distribution is proposed.The new method has been developed using the binomial expansion theorem and the Gamma functions.The general formulas obtained for the plasma dispersion function are utilized for the evaluation of the response function.The resulting series present better convergence rates.Several acceleration techniques are combined to further improve the efficiency.The obtained results for the plasma dispersion function are in good agreement with the known numerical data.
Impact of back-gate bias on the hysteresis effect in partially depleted SOI MOSFETs

The hysteresis effect in the output characteristics,originating from the floating body effect,has been measured in partially depleted(PD) silicon-on-insulator(SOI) MOSFETs at different back-gate biases.I_D hysteresis has been developed to clarify the hysteresis characteristics.The fabricated devices show the positive and negative peaks in the I_D hysteresis.The experimental results show that the I_D hysteresis is sensitive to the back gate bias in 0.13-μm PD SOI MOSFETs and does not vary monotonously with the back-gate bias.Based on the steady-state Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH) recombination theory,we have successfully interpreted the impact of the back-gate bias on the hysteresis effect in PD SOI MOSFETs.
Mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica by using a non-evaporative technique

A non-evaporative technique is used to mitigate damage sites with lateral sizes in a range from 50 μm to 400 μm and depths smaller than 100 μm.The influence of the pulse frequency of a CO_2 laser on the mitigation effect is studied.It is found that a more symmetrical and smooth mitigation crater can be obtained by increasing the laser pulse frequency form 0.1 to 20 kHz.Furthermore,the sizes of laser-affected and distorted zones decrease with the increase of the laser pulse frequency,leading to less degradation of the wave-front quality of the conditioned sample.The energy density of the CO_2 laser beam is introduced for selecting the mitigation parameters.The damage sites can be successfully mitigated by increasing the energy density in a ramped way.Finally,the laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) of the mitigated site is tested using 355 nm laser beam with a small spot(0.23 mm~2) and a large spot(3.14 mm~2),separately.It is shown that the non-evaporative mitigation technique is a successful method to stop damage re-initiation since the average LIDTs of mitigated sites tested with small or large laser spots are higher than that of pristine material.
First principles study of the magnetism driven by cation defects in CeO_2:the important role of O2p states

The magnetism driven by cation defects in undoped CeO 2 bulk and thin films is studied by the density functional theory corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (DFT+U) with U = 5 eV for the Ce4f states and U = 7 eV for the O2p states. It is found that the Ce vacancies can induce a magnetic moment of the ~ 4 μ B /supercell, which arises mainly from the 2p hole state of the nearest neighbouring O atom (~ 1 μ B on per oxygen) to the Ce vacancy. The effect of the methodology is investigated, indicating that U = 7 eV for the O2p state is necessary to obtain the localized O2p hole state in defective ceria with cation vacancies.
The influences of model parameters on the characteristics of memristors

As the fourth passive circuit component, a memristor is a nonlinear resistor that can "remember" the amount of charge passing through it. The characteristic of "remembering" the charge and non-volatility makes memristors great potential candidates in many fields. Nowadays, only a few groups have the ability to fabricate memristors, and most researchers study them by theoretic analysis and simulation. In this paper, we first analyse the theoretical base and characteristics of memristors, then use a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis as our tool to simulate the theoretical model of memristors and change the parameters in the model to see the influence of each parameter on the characteristics. Our work supplies researchers engaged in memristor-based circuits with advice on how to choose the proper parameters.
Equation of state for pure fluids at critical temperature

In this paper, we employ the concept of probability for creating a cavity with diameter d in fluid along with the perturbation and variation approach, and develop an equation of state (EOS) for a hard sphere (HS) and Lennard– Jones (LJ) fluids. A suitable axiomatic form for surface tension S(r) is assumed for the pure fluid, with r as a variable. The function S(r) has an arbitrary parameter m. S(r) = A + B(d/r)/[1 + m(d/r)]. We use the condition in terms of radial distribution function G(λd, η) containing the self-consistent parameter λ and the condition of continuity at r = d/2 to determine A and B. A different EOS can be obtained with a suitable choice of m and the EOS has a lower root-mean-square deviation than that of Barker–Henderson BH2 for LJ fluids.
Robustness of quantum discord to sudden death in nuclear magnetic resonance

We investigate the dynamics of the entanglement and quantum discord of two qubits in liquid state homonuclear nuclear magnetic resonance. Applying a phenomenological description for nuclear magnetic resonance under a relaxation process, and taking a group of typical parameters of nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that when a zero initial state experiences a relaxation process, its entanglement disappears completely after a sequence of so-called sudden deaths and revivals, while the quantum discord retains remarkable values after a sequence of oscillations. That is to say, the quantum discord is more robust than entanglement.
Topological structure effect on far-infrared spectra in a GaAs/InAs nanoring

On the basis of the growth mechanism of a GaAs/InAs nanoring,we propose a fine model which reflects the confinement details of real nanoring.Through calculations of the two-electron energy and far-infrared(FIR) spectra,we find that the ring topological structure and electron-electron interaction have great influence on the FIR spectra.The two unknown transition peaks in the experiment are determined theoretically.The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiments.
An effective reflectance method for designing broadband antireflection films coupled with solar cells

The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range,which requires that antireflection coating(ARC) is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell.In this paper,we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO2/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm(dualjunction) and 300-1850 nm(triple-junction),under the solar spectrum AM0.In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer,we use multidimensional matrix data for reliable simulation.A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance(WAR) method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance(EAR) method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.