mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism and sex-differential migration of Little Buntings (Emberiza pusilla) at an East Asian stopover site

Sex differences in morphology provide key information for understanding a species' morphological adaptations in relation to the evolution of sexual selection. In migratory birds, morphological traits have adapted to longdistance travel, and sexual dimorphism is typically related to sex-differential migration phenology. Little Buntings (Emberiza pusilla) have one of the longest migrations and are the least dichromatic species among the Emberiza buntings. In this study, we measured sexual size dimorphism and sexual dichromatism of Little Buntings in relation to the spring arrival dates at a stopover site in Korea. Wing length was the most important predictor for identifying sex; the wings of males were longer than those of females. Males also had a significantly stronger chestnut color of the head feathers than females, but this color difference was more prominent in the spring than in the fall. Males arrived earlier than females by four days. Arrival dates correlated with both size and color, but unlike other bunting species previously studied in the same area, there was no clear sex-differential trend in the relationship between arrival date and morphological characteristics. Seasonal differences in the degree of sexual dichromatism suggest that chestnut plumage coloration can be used as a social or sexual signal of males in the breeding season. The correlation of size and color to early arrival regardless of sex may indicate that a preference for assortative mating exists or that a sex-differential migration strategy is not clearly defined in the early stages of northward migration. Our findings on the sexual dimorphism of Little Buntings provide insight into the evolution of the sex-differential migration of buntings in the East Asian Flyway.
Seed rain and soil seed bank compensatory roles on Nassella tenuis(Phil.) Barkworth seedling recruitment in ungrazed and grazed sites

In semi-arid lands, vegetation is distributed in shrub patches immersed in a less vegetated interpatch matrix. Grazing affects perennial grass seed bank through a decrease in seed rain and an increase in seed predation and soil compaction. Nevertheless, some species with anchorage mechanisms in their seeds might overcome this, such as Nassella tenuis(Phil.) Barkworth. This is an important species in grazing paddocks because it has an intermediate palatability and its relatively tolerant to grazing. These characteristics allow N. tenuis to increase its abundance in grazed sites. Our objective was to assess how grazing affects the key palatable species from seeds to seedlings: i.e., seed rain, soil seed bank, and seedling recruitment in different microsites along a windward-leeward transect across shrub canopy. We hypothesized that:(1) the negative effects of grazing on N. tenuis fructification are reflected in its seed rain, soil seed bank, and seedling recruitment, especially in interpatches;(2) Nassella tenuis seed rain reduction, soil compaction by cattle in grazed sites, and removal of seeds by wind decrease its soil seed bank, especially in microsites exposed to the predominant wind;and(3) the decrease in N. tenuis soil seed bank and cover increase in annual species in grazed sites have negative effects on its seedling recruitment, especially in microsites exposed to predominant wind. We placed seed traps, collected soil samples, and monitored seedling recruitment in different locations around shrub canopy to address our hypotheses. Also, we established a manipulative experiment in which we sow N. tenuis seeds and followed its recruitment in different microsites. We compared the seed rain, soil seed bank, natural seedling recruitment, and sown seeds recruitment of N. tenuis between grazed and ungrazed sites. We analyzed differences between microsites along a windward-leeward transect across shrubs patches. Seed rain and soil seed bank had the same density in patches and interpatches both in ungrazed and grazed sites. But seed rain was higher, and soil seed bank was lower in ungrazed sites than in grazed sites. Almost all under-canopy microsites showed greater soil seed bank abundance and natural seedling recruitment in ungrazed sites. Sown seeds recruitment was the same between grazed and ungrazed sites, but it showed protective effects of shrubs in leeward microsites under grazed sites. As a conclusion, seed rain and soil seed bank are complementary under grazed sites.
Application of the InVEST model for assessing water yield and its response to precipitation and land use in the Weihe River Basin,China

With realizing the importance of ecosystem services to society,the efforts to evaluate the ecosystem services have increased.As the largest tributary of the Yellow River,the Weihe River has been endowed with many ecological service functions.Among which,water yield can be a measure of local availability of water and an index for evaluating the conservation function of the region.This study aimed to explore the temporal and spatial variation of water yield and its influencing factors in the Weihe River Basin (WRB),and provide basis for formulating reasonable water resources utilization schemes.Based on the InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs) model,this study simulated the water yield in the WRB from 1985 to 2019,and discussed the impacts of climatic factors and land use change on water yield by spatial autocorrelation analysis and scenario analysis methods.The results showed that there was a slight increasing trend in water yield in the WRB over the study period with the increasing rate of 4.84 mm/10a and an average depth of 83.14 mm.The main water-producing areas were concentrated along the mainstream of the Weihe River and in the southern basin.Changes in water yield were comprehensively affected by climate and underlying surface factors.Precipitation was the main factor affecting water yield,which was consistent with water yield in time.And there existed significant spatial agglomeration between water yield and precipitation.Land use had little impact on the amount of water yield,but had an impact on its spatial distribution.Water yield was higher in areas with wide distribution of construction land and grassland.Water yield of different land use types were different.Unused land showed the largest water yield capacity,whereas grassland and farmland contributed most to the total water yield.The increasing water yield in the basin indicates an enhanced water supply service function of the ecosystem.These results are of great significance to the water resources management of the WRB.
Wavelength-tunable mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear Kerr beam clean-up effect

We demonstrate a novel approach to achieve wavelength-tunable ultrashort pulses from an all-fiber mode-locked laser with a saturable absorber based on the nonlinear Kerr beam clean-up effect. This saturable absorber was formed by a single-mode fiber spliced to a graded-index multimode fiber, and its tunable band-pass filter effect is described by a numerical model. By adjusting the bending condition of the graded-index multimode fiber, the laser could produce dissipative soliton pulses with their central wavelength tunable from 1040 nm to 1063 nm. The pulse duration of the output laser could be compressed externally to 791 fs, and the signal to noise ratio of its radio frequency spectrum was measured to be 75.5 dB.
Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting Using Random Forest Model with Parameters Tuned by Grey Wolf Algorithm Optimization

Accurately forecasting short-term electricity prices is of great significance to electricity market participants. Compared with the time series forecasting methods, machine learning forecasting methods can consider more external factors. The forecasting accuracy of machine learning models is greatly affected by the parameters, meanwhile, the manual selection of parameters usually cannot guarantee the accuracy and stability of the forecasting. Therefore, this paper proposes a random forest(RF) electricity price forecasting model based on the grey wolf optimizer(GWO) to improve the accuracy of forecasting. Among them, RF has a good ability to deal with the problem of non-linear and unstable electricity prices. The optimization of model parameters by GWO can overcome the instability of the forecasting accuracy of manually tune parameters. On this basis, the short-term electricity prices of the PJM power market in four seasons are separately predicted. Experimental results show that the RF algorithm can better predict the short-term electricity price, and the optimization of the RF forecasting model by GWO can effectively improve the accuracy of the RF forecasting model.
Optimal Power Flow Calculation of Active Distribution Network Based on Improved Comprehensive Technology

Comprehensive unified power flow controller (UPFC) technology can calculate voltage control parameters of UPFC, but it increases the nonlinearity of Newton power flow calculation. When the comprehensive technology is combined with the intelligent algorithm, the control parameters can only be optimized through the active and reactive power of UPFC on the branch, which makes the optimization convergence worse. Therefore, an optimal power flow calculation method for active distribution network based on improved comprehensive technology is proposed. First, based on the analysis of the influence of UPFC on branch power flow, an improved UPFC model is proposed. The accuracy of UPFC control parameters is enhanced by adjusting the voltage phase angle and regulation radius of series side transformer. Second, the optimal control model considering UPFC is established. Finally, the corresponding self-admittance and mutual admittance elements are extracted from the constructed UPFC model and introduced into the Jacobian matrix, so that while the comprehensive technology maintains the dimension of the Jacobian matrix, the intelligent algorithm can directly optimize the control parameters to reduce the search space. The IEEE33 bus system is used for example simulation, the results before and after the improvement are compared, and the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the two algorithms 50 times respectively based on the installation number of UPFC, which verifies that the proposed optimization method has better convergence and operation speed.
Improved adaptive genetic algorithm based RFID positioning

The existing active tag-based radio frequency identification(RFID) localization techniques show low accuracy in practical applications. To address such problems, we propose a chaotic adaptive genetic algorithm to align the passive tag arrays. We use chaotic sequences to generate the intersection points, the weakest single point intersection is used to ensure the convergence accuracy of the algorithm while avoiding the optimization jitter problem. Meanwhile, to avoid the problem of slow convergence and immature convergence of the algorithm caused by the weakening of individual competition at a later stage, we use adaptive rate of change to improve the optimization efficiency. In addition, to remove signal noise and outliers, we preprocess the data using Gaussian filtering. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher localization accuracy and improves the convergence speed.
Interaction between Neighboring Supercritical Water Molecules and Density Fluctuation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Supercritical water (scW) is important for various engineering applications. The structure and distribution of scW is key to dominate the related processes and phenomena. Here, scW is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with controlled pressure and temperature. Density oscillation is observed to occur in a 1 nm thickness bin, indicating mass exchange of particles across the bin interface. We show that the low density scW behaves strong heterogeneity. Quantitative analysis of system density fluctuations is performed by square root error and maximum structure factor, demonstrating the agreement between the two methods. The scW molecules are tightly gathered to form “liquid island” locally, but are very sparse in other regions, which are similar to the gas-liquid mixture in subcritical pressure. A target molecule is tracked to plot 3D displacements and rotating angles, with the former indicating large amplitude ballistic (diffusing) motion and small amplitude oscillation, and the latter displaying two scales of angle jumping. Both translation and rotating motion are related to hydrogen bond break up and reorganization. The low density scW behaves isolated molecules with few combinations of hydrogen bonds between molecules, while the high density scW behaves more combinations of molecules via hydrogen bonds. The two scales motion is expected to influence thermal/chemical process in supercritical state, deepening the fundamental understanding of scW structure.
Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Station Self-powered by Fire Thermoelectric Generator

Pressure reduction station (PRS) is an essential facility in natural gas transmission, which owns the function of pressure reduction, demand-supply management and flow metering. However, a large number of PRSs are located in off-grid areas and powered by battery equipment resulting in high maintenance costs. So, how to realize the energy independence of these PRSs is an urgent issue to be solved. Therefore, the natural gas fired thermoelectric generation (FTEG) module, including gas flue, cover, TEGs and heat radiators, is designed for PRS in off-grid areas. Phase change material is introduced into the FTEG module to change the operation mode from continuous mode into a periodic mode, and the prototype of the FTEG module is built to discuss the generation performance in different modes. The results show that the generation efficiency of the FTEG module is improved by 63% in periodic mode compared with the continuous mode. Then, the numerical model is established to investigate the impacts of air coefficient, cold-side heat radiator and number of TEGs on the module performance. It found that the impacts of cold-side heat radiator and the number of TEGs are more significant than those of the air coefficient. After adjusting these key parameters, an optimized FTEG module with 32 TEGs is proposed, which has an average power generation of 16.4 W and a heat collection efficiency of 84.6%. Eventually, 3 to 6 modules can be connected in series to meet the power requirement of 50 W to 100 W for PRS. This high-performance FTEG module can accelerate the process of achieving the energy independence of PRS and promote its application in mesoscale equipment.
Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation of Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer Behaviors in Dense Gas-Solid Flows: A Brief Review

Dense gas-solid flows are very common in actual production and industrial fields, so it is significant to understand their hydrodynamic characteristics and heat and mass transfer behaviors. This article provides a brief review of multi-scale numerical simulation of flow, heat and mass transfer behaviors in dense gas-solid flows. It describes multiscale models (direct numerical simulation, discrete particle model, and two-fluid model) and the results of related research. Finally, it discusses possible future developments in research on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of dense gas-solid two-phase flows.
Electrochemical determination of paraquat using a glassy carbon electrode decorated with pillararene-coated nitrogen-doped carbon dots

An electrochemical sensor (carboxylatopillar[5]arene-coated nitrogen-doped carbon dots,namely CCDs) based on carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP[5]) functionalized nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) has been developed in a facile and economic manner.To improve the performance of this electrochemical sensor in pesticide detection,the optimal solution pH (pH 7) and loading amount of CCDs on the electrode (0.50 mg/mL) have been determined.By virtue of the good conductivity of N-CDs and the molecular recognition property of CP[5],CCDs modified glassy carbon electrode,namely CCDs/GCE,shows excellent anti-interference capability,selectivity,stability,and reproducibility in the sensitive detection of paraquat.The peak currents are proportional to the paraquat concentration (from 0.1 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L) with a detection limit of 6.4 nmol/L (S/N = 3),indicating a great potential in pesticide detection.In comparison with the electrochemical sensors that require expensive metal nanoparticles and complex preparation processes,CCDs/GCE exhibits excellent detection capability of paraquat with lower cost and simpler preparation processes.
Copper fluoride as a low-cost sodium-ion battery cathode with high capacity

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage considering the abundance and low cost of Na-containing resources.However,the energy density of SIBs has been limited by the typically low specific capacities of traditional intercalation-based cathodes.Metal fluorides,in contrast,can deliver much higher capacities based on multi-electron conversion reactions.Among metal fluorides,CuF_2 presents a theoretical specific capacity as high as 528 mAh/g while its Na-ion storage mechanism has been rarely reported.Here,we report CuF_2 as a SIB cathode,which delivers a high capacity of 502 mAh/g but suffers from poor electrochemical reversibility.As a solution,we adjust the cell configuration by inserting a carbon-coated separator,which hinders the transportation of dissolved Cu ions and improves the reversibility of the CuF_2 cathode.By using in-situ XRD measurements and theoretical calculation,we propose that a one-step conversion reaction occurs during the discharge process,and a reconversion reaction competes with the oxidization of Cu to dissolved Cu ion during the charge process.
Cascading V_2O_3/N-doped carbon hybrid nanosheets as high-performance cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In recent years,especially when there is increasing concern about the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs),aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been getting a lot of attention because of their costeffectiveness,materials abundance,high safety,and ecological friendliness.Their working voltage and specific capacity are mainly determined by their cathode materials.Vanadium oxides are promising cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs owing to their low cost,abundant resources,and multivalence.However,vanadium oxide cathodes still suffer from unsatisfactory capacity,poor stability,and low electrical conductivity.In this work,cascading V_2O_3/nitrogen doped carbon (V_2O_3/NC) hybrid nanosheets are prepared for high-performance aqueous ZIBs by pyrolyzing pentyl viologen dibromide (PV) intercalated V_2O_5 nanosheets.The unique structure features of V_2O_3/NC nanosheets,including thin sheet-like morphology,small crystalline V_2O_3 nanoparticles,and conductive NC layers,endow V_2O_3/NC with superior performance compared to most of the reported vanadium oxide cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs.The V_2O_3/NC cathode exhibits the discharge capacity of 405 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g,excellent rate capability (159 mAh/g at 20 A/g),and outstanding cycling stability with 90% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 20 A/g.
Strategies for constructing manganese-based oxide electrode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

Commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in various energy storage systems.However,many unfavorable factors of LIBs have prompted researchers to turn their attention to the development of emerging secondary batteries.Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) present some prominent advantages with environmental friendliness,low cost and convenient operation feature.MnO_2 electrode is the first to be discovered as promising cathode material.So far,manganese-based oxides have made significant progresses in improving the inherent capacity and energy density.Herein,we summarize comprehensively recent advances of Mn-based compounds as electrode materials for ZIBs.Especially,this review focuses on the design strategies of electrode structures,optimization of the electrochemical performance and the clarification of energy storage mechanisms.Finally,their future research directions and perspective are also proposed.
Preface: Special Topics on Study Progress of Natural Gas Hydrate

Natural gas hydrate is widely distributed in continental slope sediments and permafrost, taken as a potential energy resource due to its gigantic amount. To develop the technologies for the industrial exploitation of natural gas hydrate, several production tests were carried out in permafrost and marine hydrate reservoirs, e.g. tests in permafrost hydrate reservoirs in Mackenzie Delta and Alaskan North Slope (Boswell et al., 2017) in the Antarctic, and those in marine hydrate reservoirs in Nankai Trough, offshore Japan (Yamamoto et al., 2014, 2018), and South China Sea (SCS) (Li et al., 2018; Ye et al., 2020). As encouraged by the results obtained from the production tests, more tests are planned to develop technology for industrial exploitation of natural gas hydrate (Collett et al., 2022). Although production test can be conducted in permafrost hydrate reservoir for cost efficiency, generally it is thought industrial exploitation will be realized in marine hydrate reservoir because it is estimated with over 90% of hydrate resource.
The 2014 Northern Thailand Mw 6.1 Earthquake and its Seismogenic Tectonics

On May 5, 2014, an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 6.1 (the largest earthquake in Thailand so far) occurred in Chiang Rai of the Golden Triangle area in northern Thailand. We had an opportunity to conduct field survey immediately after the earthquake. Serious damage to buildings and casualties of lives were observed, and the estimated Maximum Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of the earthquake is VIII (evaluated according to the MMI scale of the Chinese Standard). No long continuous ground ruptures were produced during the earthquake, but in the epicenter (commonly within MMI VIII extent), massive small linear ruptures (usually several tens of meters long) developed and displayed intriguing structural features, offsetting many roads several centimeters left laterally on NE trending cracks or offsetting right laterally on NW trending ones. The focal mechanism solution of earthquake shows that this is a pure strike-slip event, and two nodal planes in NW and NE directions had the same motion senses respectively as those of breakage associated with the earthquake. The long axis of the isoseismals and aftershock distributions are in NE direction,which is consistent with the strike of Luang Namtha fault. The 230-km-long Luang Namtha fault which starts from the border of China and Laos, runs through northern Laos, and terminates at Chiang Rai of Thailand is predominated by left-lateral strike-slip and active in late Quaternary, and two earthquakes over Ms 6.0 occurred along the fault in 1925 and 2007 respectively. This Mw 6.1 earthquake occurred at the southwestern end of the fault. All related features such as evident structural rupturing, elongated orientation of MMI and aftershock distribution,as well as the location of the epicenter,suggest that the Luang Namtha fault may be responsible for the 2014 Northern Thailand earthquake.