mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A comparison of decomposition dynamics among green tree leaves, partially decomposed tree leaf litter and their mixture in a warm temperate forest ecosystem

Decomposition dynamics were compared among green tree leaves, partially decomposed tree leaf litter (i.e., decayed tree leaf litter on forest floor) and a mixture of the two in a warm temperate forest ecosystem in central China to test the influence of litter chemical quality on the degree of decomposition. The study was conducted in situ at two contrasting forest sites, an oak forest dominated by Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim., and a mixed pine and oak forest dominated by Pinus armandii Franch. and Q. aliena var. acuteserrata. We found marked differences in the rate of decomposition among litter types at both forest sites; the litter decomposition constant, k, was about 39 % greater at the oak forest site and more than 70 % greater at the pine-oak forest site, for green leaves than for partially decomposed leaf litter. The decomposition dynamics and temporal changes in litter chemistry of the three litter types also greatly differed between the two forest sites. At both forest sites, the higher rate of decomposition for the green leaves was associated with a higher nitrogen (N) content and lower carbon to N ratio (C/N) and acid-unhydrolyzable residue to N ratio (AUR/N). We did not find any nonadditive effects when mixing green leaves and partially decomposed leaf litter. Our findings support the contention that litter chemical quality is one of the most important determinants of litter decomposition in forest ecosystems at the local or regional scale, but the effect of litter chemical quality on decomposition differs between the contrasting forest types and may vary with the stage of decomposition.
Host-environment mismatches associated with subalpine fir decline in Colorado

Subalpine fir decline (SFD) has killed more trees in Colorado’s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.
Structural Phase Transitions of ZnTe under High Pressure Using Experiments and Calculations

The pressure-induced structural transitions of ZnTe are investigated at pressures up to 59.2GPa in a diamond anvil cell by using synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction method. A phase transition from the initial zinc blende (ZB, ZnTe-I) structure to a cinnabar phase (ZnTe-II) is observed at 9.6GPa, followed by a high pressure orthorhombic phase (ZnTe-III) with Cmcm symmetry at 12.1GPa. The ZB, cinnabar (space group P3_121), Cmcm, P3_1 and rock salt structures of ZnTe are investigated by using density functional theory calculations. Based on the experiments and calculations, the ZnTe-II phase is determined to have a cinnabar structure rather than a P3_1 symmetry.
An Open Rectangular Waveguide Grating for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes

Millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube (TWT) prevails nowadays as the amplifier for radar, communication and electronic countermeasures. The rectangular waveguide grating is a promising all-metal interaction circuit for the millimeter-wave TWT with advantages of high power capacity, fine heat dissipation, scalability to smaller dimensions for shorter wavelengths, compact structure and robust performance. Compared with the traditional closed structure, the open rectangular waveguide grating (ORWG) has wider bandwidth, lower cut-off frequency, and higher machining precision for higher working frequencies due to the open transverse. It is a potential structure that can work in the millimeter wave and even Terahertz band. The rf characteristics including dispersion and interaction impedance are investigated by both theoretic calculation and software simulation. The influences of the structure parameters are also discussed and compared, and the theoretical results agree well with the simulation results. Based on the study, the ORWG will favor the design of a broadband and high-power millimeter-wave TWT.
Nonadiabatic Effect on the Rescattering Trajectories of Electrons in Strong Laser Field Ionization Process

The important features of the rescattering trajectories in strong field ionization process such as the cutoff of the return energy at 3.17U_p and that of the final energy at 10Up are obtained, based on the adiabatic approximation in which the initial momentum of the electron is assumed to be zero. We theoretically study the nonadiabatic effect by assuming a nonzero initial momentum on the rescattering trajectories based on the semiclassical simpleman model. We show that the nonzero initial momentum will modify both the maximal return energy at collision and the final energy after backward scattering, but in different ways for odd and even number of return trajectories. The energies are increased for even number of returns but are decreased for odd number of returns when the nonzero (positive or negative) initial momentum is applied.
Wavelength-Tunable Rectangular Pulses Generated from All-Fiber Mode-Locked Laser Based on Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror

The wavelength-tunable rectangular mode-locking operation is demonstrated in an all-fiber laser based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. As the dissipative soliton resonance signature, the pulse duration varies from 580 ps to 2.1 ns as a function of the increasing pump power. Correspondingly, the maximum pulse energy is 9.11 nJ. Moreover, it is found that the wavelength tunable operation with a range of approximately 10nm could be obtained by properly adjusting the polarization controllers. The characteristics of the rectangular pulses at different wavelengths are similar to each other. The demonstration of the wavelength tunable rectangular pulses would be beneficial to some applications for many fields such as spectroscopy and sensing research.
The biological function of type I receptors of bone morphogenetic protein in bone

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors (BMPRI and BMPRII). In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor), activin-like kinase 3 (ALK3, also called BMPRIA), and activin-like kinase 6 (ALK6, also called BMPRIB). The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.
保留乳头乳晕乳房切除-重建术研究进展

保留乳头乳晕乳房切除-重建术是近年来乳腺癌外科治疗的新方向和热点问题。相比于传统改良根治术,保留乳头乳晕乳房切除-重建术保留乳腺癌患者形体上完整,弥补了患者乳房缺失的心理缺失。然而保留乳头乳晕乳房切除-重建术在乳腺癌外科治疗上的安全性一直广受争议,手术适应证也未完全明确,手术切口选择、切缘处理及重建方式选择失当导致的乳头坏死等问题也亟须进一步探讨。笔者将从以上几个角度探讨一下保留乳头乳晕乳房切除-重建术研究的最新进展。
Generation of high-energy 284 ps laser pulse without tail modulation by stimulated Brillouin scattering

We obtain the output of a 284 ps pulse duration without tail modulation based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compression pumped by an 8 ns-pulse-duration, 1064 nm-wavelength Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. To suppress the tail modulation in SBS pulse compression, proper attenuators, which can control the pump energy within a rational range, are added in a generator-amplifier setup. The experimental result shows that the effective energy conversion efficiency triples when the pump energy reaches 700 mJ to 51%, compared with the conventional generator-amplifier setup.
Adaptive modulation system for liquid crystal phase modulator

An adaptive modulation system for a liquid crystal (LC) phase modulator is demonstrated. The phase retardation may be modulated by resetting the driving voltage automatically by matching the measured and ideal transmittance of an LC cell sandwiched by crossed polarizers. By using this system, an LC phase modulator can get a low error function of 0.25% in a short modulation time, which is less than the 10% obtained using a conventional modulation method.
与子女交流对老年人身体健康状况的影响

随着年龄的增长,疾病随之出现,老年人对照护和精神抚慰的需求越来越多,目前状况下,老年人的子女大多不在身边,或居住较远,虽可能得到子女的经济资助,却不能及时得到子女的精神慰藉和生活上的照料,从而形成一个具有独特需要的老年人群体〔1~3〕。本研究旨在了解与子女交流对老年人身心健康状况的影响。
城市居家与养老院老年人心理健康、幸福感状况比较

目的探讨城市居家与养老院老年人心理健康状况和幸福感的差异。方法采用老年心理健康量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表为研究工具,随机选取192名老年人进行问卷调查。结果居家老年人心理健康水平显著高于养老院(t=2.43,P<0.05);在幸福感方面居家老年人显著高于养老院(t=3.89,P<0.05);居家老年人的情绪体验和自我认识对幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(R2=0.49,P<0.05)。养老院老年人的情绪体验和适应能力对幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(R2=0.77,P<0.05)。结论针对不同养老方式的老年人,应采用不同方式提升其幸福感。
老年直肠癌手术中肠系膜下动脉根部离断平面的分析

目的探讨以腹膜返折为界限的老年人直肠癌肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部淋巴结转移规律,进而决定手术离断平面。方法行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的136例患者,术中根据肿瘤所在部位分为腹膜返折上组(上组)85例及腹膜返折下组(下组)51例。术中常规游离裸化IMA并清除淋巴结,以IMA起始部为中心,清除周围3 cm范围内的脏层腹膜及脂肪组织;检测清除组织淋巴结数量并计算转移率。结果上组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为3/85(3.5%);下组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为1/51(1.9%),两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。第3站淋巴结转移与肿瘤局部进展及分期有关。结论对老年患者无须根据肿瘤位置进行D3淋巴结清扫。
Klippel-Trenaunay综合征一例眼部表现

讨论 KTS是一种罕见的先天性毛细血管-淋巴-静脉联合畸形。病因不明,以葡萄酒色痣、静脉曲张或静脉畸形和肢体软组织或骨组织肥大为主要特征。病变常以下肢为主,较少累及躯干。具备3个特征中的两点即可确诊。本例患儿全身体征符合其诊断标准。严重的血管畸形可能是其足月却出生体重低的原因。KTS常见的眼部特征包括眼部静脉曲张、视网膜血管纡曲、脉络膜血管瘤等。Olcaysu等报道了1例 KTS合并玻璃体视网膜病变及脉络膜血管瘤。Bothun等报道了1例KTS合并双眼视盘玻璃疣。Alomari报道了1例 KTS合并永存玻璃体动脉伴结膜血管和巩膜外静脉曲张。与 Alomari报道病例相似,本例患儿表现为双眼巩膜表层静脉曲张。但值得注意的是,巩膜外静脉压升高可能会引起青光眼。提示临床应密切观测该类患儿眼压以防青光眼的发生发展。
质子泵抑制剂对儿童哮喘的治疗并无益处

近来多有报道,患有哮喘的儿童常常具有反流性食管炎(GER)的症状.既往非随机非盲法的临床研究结果显示,质子泵抑制剂(PPI)治疗可使患有哮喘和GER儿童的哮喘症状得到缓解.但关于GER是否是引起顽固性哮喘的原因之一,尚无定论.最近一项随机、双盲、对照的临床试验结果发表在《美国医学会杂志》上(JAMA,2012,307:373-381).
一例HBV/HDV重叠感染患者血清中HDAg的基因克隆、表达及细胞内定位

丁型肝炎病毒(hepatitis D virus, HDV)属于缺陷病毒，其借助乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的核壳蛋白完成自身生命周期。研究已证实，HDV感染可抑制机体内HBV的复制，但临床上却加剧病情迅速恶化。HDV的基因组仅含1个开放读码框架，分别编码S-HDAg和L-HDAg两种功能蛋白。尽管两者在蛋白结构上基本相似，但功能截然相反，因此探讨HDAg某些特殊或重要功能结构域仍是该领域研究热点。基于此，我们从1例HBV/HDV重叠感染患者血清中成功克隆出了HDAg基因，并对其蛋白的生物学特点进行了初步分析。
乳腺癌转移抑制基因1在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,全世界每年的新发病例超过120万,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。肿瘤的转移是导致患者死亡的主要原因,目前控制肿瘤转移是乳腺癌研究的重点之一。乳腺癌转移抑制基因1(BRMS1)是近年新发现的一种抑制肿瘤转移和扩散的基因。本研究拟通过检测BRMS1蛋白在乳腺癌组织、癌旁组织及乳腺良性病变组织中的表达情况,初步探讨其与乳腺癌各临床病理因素之间的关系。
多因子联合调控致胆道闭锁炎症通路研究进展

围产期胆道闭锁(biliary atresia,BA)是一种由于围生期外界刺激因素诱导发生的渐进性炎症并最终导致了患儿肝内外胆道闭塞及肝硬化和门脉高压。目前全球范围内的平均发生率在1/1500和1/1800之间（东方人发病率较西方发病率偏高且发病率有上升趋势）。由于渐进性胆管破坏和继发的肝内广泛纤维化导致70%~80%患儿需要肝移植才能获得良好的远期生存质量[1].Petersen等于1997年首次成功复制了BA动物模型。他们给80只新生小鼠腹腔注射经扩增纯化后的MMU18006型恒河猴轮状病毒(rotavirus,RRV)，结果有46只发生胆道闭锁，其病理改变与人类BA完全相同，是迄今为止最为成功和准确的BA动物模型。华中科技大学附属同济医院小儿外科与南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院小儿外科亦参照Petersen等的方法，已成功复制了该动物模型。随着新生鼠胆道闭锁动物模型的成功建立以及国内外学者对其炎症发生过程中各种介质和细胞因子的深入研究，使我们对胆道闭锁的炎症调控机制有了更客观、准确的认识，现将多种因子调控新生鼠胆道闭锁的研究进展作一综述。
徐农紫药大垄双行全程机械化栽培技术

利用辐射诱变育种技术筛选出优质、高效、专用并适于机械化栽培的紫山药新品种——徐农紫药。农机、农艺相配套,应用苏鲁2个厂家生产的4种机械可完成旋耕、起垄、播种、中耕、追肥、施药、除草、培土、切蔓和收获等10种主要生产工序。大垄双行单件机械的作业效率为4~5hm~2/d,山药主产区、特菜区节本增效为3.75万元/hm~2以上。该机械化栽培技术操作简单,切实可行,易于推广。
覆膜玉米后茬免耕栽培向日葵技术

针对普通地膜覆盖具有显著的增产增收作用,但大量使用导致农田土壤污染的现实问题,通过生产实践和科学试验,总结出一套适合内蒙古河套及相似地区使用的覆膜玉米后茬地膜再利用免耕栽培向日葵技术,主要包括:覆膜玉米前茬准备(留茬、护膜和秋浇),后茬向日葵播前准备(浇水、封闭除草、品种选择、种子处理、播种)、田间管理及收获与贮藏等内容。
螺旋CT诊断腹茧症的临床价值

腹茧症(abdominal cocoon, AC)是以小肠被茧状包裹在一层异常的纤维膜内为其特征，故又名先天性小肠禁锢症、腹腔茧状包裹症等。本病为一种罕见的、原因不明的腹部疾病。临床上对其缺乏认识，诊断时常较困难。我院2002—2011年收治腹茧症11例，现结合相关文献探讨本病的临床特点及多层螺旋CT征象。
An Efficient Way for the Recognition of Zinc Ion via the Fluorescence Enhancement

This study concentrates on the spectral and complexing properties of a tetraoxycalix[2]arene[2]triazine derivative bearing two bipyridines (Calix-BIPY2) in a mixture of acetonitrile:chloroform (4:1, V:V). The results show that Calix-BIPY2 has a highly selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn~(2+) over various competing cations (K+, Cu~(2+), Cd~(2+), Co~(2+), Fe~(2+), Hg~(2+), Ag~+, Al~(3+) and Pb~(2+)). The complexation of Zn~(2+) induces a remarkable fluorescence enhancement due to combination effects of the binding strength, electron spins state of metal ions, photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) and the rigidity of the complexing unit offered by calixarene-based hosts.
内异症合并胸腹水一例报告及文献复习

内异症是育龄期妇女常见的疾病之一,人群发病率为10%左右,而在不孕的妇女中发病率高达30%,在痛经和(或)盆腔疼痛妇女中的发病率更是达40% ~ 50%.内异症在病理学上表现为宫腔外出现子宫内膜上皮和间质,临床上常表现为盆腔疼痛、痛经、不孕等.内异症还可表现为体质量减轻、食欲不振、盆腔内肿块及血清肿瘤标志物水平升高,使诊断更加困难.大多数妇科医师都没有意识到内异症也可以表现为腹水,甚至胸水.也正因为如此,内异症合并胸水、腹水的患者通常被误诊为卵巢恶性肿瘤.自1954年Brews报道首例内异症合并胸腹水患者以来,目前共有57篇文献报道了60余例内异症合并腹水的患者,其中24例合并胸水,而国内尚无内异症合并胸腹水的报道.本文报道1例内异症合并胸腹水患者的诊治情况,并对既往文献进行复习总结,以提高对该病的认识.
Low Power and High Sensitivity MOSFET-Based Pressure Sensor

Based on the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) stress sensitive phenomenon, a low power MOSFET pressure sensor is proposed. Compared with the traditional piezoresistive pressure sensor, the present pressure sensor displays high performances on sensitivity and power consumption. The sensitivity of the MOSFET sensor is raised by 87%, meanwhile the power consumption is decreased by 20%.
Flow Visualization of Supersonic Flow over a Finite Cylinder

The flow structures of a supersonic flow over a cylinder with a finite height are investigated using the method of flow visualization with nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS), in a supersonic quiet wind tunnel at Ma = 2.68. The complex structures of shock waves and three-dimensional vortices in a supersonic flow over a finite cylinder are visualized. Based on the time correlation of NPLS images, the time-space evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structures in a supersonic flow over a finite cylinder are studied, and the evolutionary characteristics of the coherent structure in the flow direction are obtained, which are used to identify the model and rotation direction of shedding vortices.
Self-Consistent Approach for Mapping Interacting Systems in Continuous Space to Lattice Models

We propose a general variational principle for mapping the interacting systems in continuous space to lattice models. Based on the principle, we derive a set of self-consistent nonlinear equations for the Wannier functions (or, equivalently for the Bloch functions). These equations show that the Wannier functions can be strongly influenced by the interaction and be significantly different from their non-interacting counterparts. The approach is demonstrated with interacting bosons in an optical lattice, and illustrated quantitatively by a simple model of interacting bosons in a double well potential. It is shown that the so-determined lattice model parameters can be significantly different from their non-interacting values.
喹诺酮类药物致药疹2例

药疹的发病多数与变态反应有关，喹诺酮类药物进入人体后，在光线诱导下可转变为抗原性物质，所引起的变应性药疹称光变态反应性药疹。与药疹发生有关的变态反应包括Ⅰ至Ⅳ型变态反应。药疹的免疫性反应相当复杂，某些药物(如青霉素等)所致药疹既可以Ⅰ型变态反应为主，亦可以Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型变态反应为主，也可能为两种或两种以上的变态反应同时参与，其具体机制尚未完全阐明。
桥梁健康监测海量数据分析与评估——“结构健康监测”研究进展

详细介绍了国家杰出青年科学基金项目"结构健康监测"(项目号:50725828)研究进展.该项目针对桥梁环境荷载和静动力响应等海量监测数据的处理分析与评估迫切需求,并紧密结合大跨斜拉桥和悬索桥的结构特点,系统地研究了大跨斜拉、悬索桥梁服役环境作用监测与效应模拟技术、动力性能监控与异常预警技术以及关键构件状态评估与运营维护技术.主要包括:①基于温度、日常风和台风监测数据提出了大跨桥梁服役环境作用模型与模型参数确定方法,并结合大跨桥梁多尺度基准有限元模拟方法研究了桥梁服役荷载效应模拟技术;②基于振动监测数据建立了大跨桥梁整体动力特性参数以及斜拉桥拉索索力、悬索桥主缆和吊杆内力的在线识别方法,形成了"环境条件归一化"的桥梁运营状态监控与异常预警技术;③基于应变、梁端位移等监测数据开展了服役环境下钢箱梁焊接细节疲劳荷载效应、主梁伸缩缝的温度和车载效应分析方法研究,形成了桥梁关键构件服役性能监控和寿命评估技术.
基于动态调谐实现感应耦合无线电能传输系统的最大功率传输

感应耦合无电能传输技(ICWPT)是一崭新的研究领域,近年来受了广泛关注.本文主要研究了其四种基本拓扑构(SS,SP,PS和PP)的最大能量传输特性.通过建立高频下四种拓扑构的等效电路并推最大能量传输下级回路谐振补偿电容的表达式,发现SP,PS和PP三种拓扑构中该谐振补偿电容均随负载电阻的变化而变化,这一弊端不利于该三种拓扑构的实际应用.为此本文又设计了一种控电感电路,通过触发角的调节可以实现实时动态调谐控制,保证系统最大能量的传输.最后仿真和实验果表明了上方法是有效、可靠的,决了谐振补偿电容随负载变化的问,为种拓扑构的灵活应用供了有效的保障.
基于成对曲线组合的柔顺机构设计

采用拓扑优化技术进行柔顺机构设计成功与否在很大程度上取决于所采用的机构几何表述方式.本文提出了一种全新的基于成对曲线组合(对线组)的表述方式.这种几何表述方式,首先确定机构的输入输出区域.虽然在初始阶段不知道机构在设计域的分布,但是载荷加载需要借助机构输入输出点,因此必须有至少一个加载区域,一个支撑区域和一个输出区域.将这些输入输出区域利用成对Bezier曲线直接或间接连接起来形成一种可以承载负荷的柔顺机构.这种几何表述方式生成的机构边界为曲线函数之组合,解决了拓扑优化设计中的锯齿和模糊边界问题,并且可以同时进行形状和拓扑优化并且保持结构边界的光滑,没有棋盘格现象和中间密度单元等.基于对线组进行柔顺机构表征,会产生一些复杂的结构,基于FG-FEM有限元法进行仿真分析求得响应.研究柔顺机构拓扑优化设计理论与方法,采用图的形式对机构对象进行编码,利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力寻找全局最优解,数据算例的结果表明,提出的方法正确有效.
土石坝渗透破坏溃决机理及数值模拟

提出了一个能正确反映土石坝渗透破坏溃决机理,合理描述土石坝从渗透通道发展坝体坍塌和漫顶溃决全过程数值模拟方法.该方法通过分析土体颗粒在渗透通道中受力情况,出了渗透破坏发生时临界起动流速;分别建议了可合理反映筑坝材料颗粒级配、密度、强度、渗透通道倾角和坝坡、摩阻流速水流速度对冲量影响计算渗透通道扩展大坝漫顶溃决后溃口发展过程坝体冲公式.应用该方法对两座因渗透破坏溃决典型土石坝溃坝过程进行了反馈计算分析,计算出溃口发展规律、溃口流量过程与溃坝洪峰流量值与测结果接近,验证了其合理性.该方法可用于土石坝渗透破坏溃决致灾后果评估和溃坝防洪应预案制定.
碱液刻蚀的多晶硅不同晶面微结构实验研究

多晶硅碱液刻蚀技术一直是多晶硅太阳能电池研究的关键性技术之一.在普通的碱刻蚀液中加入一种添加剂,在温度78~80°C之间刻蚀多晶硅表面20min,用SEM观察多晶体硅表面结构.在多晶硅表面上首次观察到了碱液刻蚀出的密集均匀分布的陷阱坑,只是样品不同晶面上的陷阱坑形貌稍有不同.[100]晶面上主要由纵横交错的致密的小硅山脉构成,小硅山脉之间存在长长的峡谷式的陷阱坑(沟);[110]晶面上密布大量的畸变三角形陷阱坑或矩形坑(洞);[111]晶面则分布蚯蚓状的陷阱坑.用积分反射仪测量了样品表面光反射率,在400~900nm波段平均反射率下降到20.5%.实验研究表明:添加剂能调节碱的刻蚀特性,经过添加剂调剂的碱液能在多晶硅表面刻蚀出具有良好陷光效应的绒面,添加剂调节的碱液刻蚀技术是一种有前途的多晶硅制绒技术.
基于安全性价值的含大风电的电力系统扩展规划

以大规模风电中接入为背景,建立了计系统态和动态安全性价值电源、电网统一规模型.在安全性价值评估中,以日前组组合为工具,以预测规水平年时序负荷和风电出力数据为础,通过全年逐时段仿真,评估对可能发生预事故进行预防控制和紧控制带来发电燃料成本、环成本以切、切负荷成本,同时计入负荷和风电出力不确定性引起控制措施无效时社会损失,从而为规方案安全性评估提供了一个系统方法,也将电力系统规视角从传统技术经济评估拓宽为社会价值评估.预防控制与紧控制中对连事故考虑为规方案安全性评估中嵌入连事故影提供了有力工具,也使系统安全性评估更为全面、合理.通过于新英格兰1039节点系统图两个规方案评估验证了本文提模型与方法,并表明了在规中计安全性价值和对规水平年时序逐小时地模拟系统运行重要影.
辐射带高能粒子通量演化与宇宙线强度的相关特性分析

从美国NOAA/SWPC制定的内辐射带指数出发,统计分析了内辐射带指数的演化特征及其与太阳活动、宇宙线通量的相互关系,对内辐射带长期和扰动时段的变化特征和产生原因进行了阐述.通过数据分析和论证,初步结论认为:1)银河宇宙线的通量变化是内辐射带涨落的主要原因;2)太阳高能质子可引起内辐射带的短时通量增长,但不是内辐射带的主要成因;3)内辐射带的衰减主要来自高层大气的吸收.
南方海相不同类型烃源生烃模拟气态烃碳同位素变化规律及成因判识指标

为了研究近似地质温度和压力双重作用下有机质成气演化过程及其产物的地球化学特征,利用常规高压釜热压模拟仪和仿真地层热压生烃模拟仪对比研究了南方海相干酪根、固态和液态有机质成气过程及其地球化学特征,发现不同类型原油(轻质油、凝析油)的模拟烃气产率最高,分散可溶有机质(固体沥青、重质油)烃气产率次之,产率最低的为不同类型干酪根,在相同温度下烃气产率高低依次为:轻质油(凝析油)>固体沥青>重质油>干酪根.不同类型干酪根与分散可溶有机质模拟气CO_2组分和同位素演化规律具有明显区别,分散可溶有机质模拟产物气的δ~(13)CCO_2-δ~(13)C_1几乎都大于20‰,而不同类型干酪根模拟产物气δ~(13)CCO_2-δ~(13)C_1小于20‰.不同类型烃源模拟气甲烷碳同位素组成具有随模拟温度增加不断变重的演化规律,但无论何种类型气源,在任何演化阶段产物气δ~(13)C_1都不会重于其源碳同位素组成.乙烷等碳同位素组成也随温度增高逐渐变重,演化至生烃高峰阶段时,碳同位素组成接近其源的碳同位素组成,可以作为其母质类型的示踪指标.当演化至高-过成熟阶段,乙烷等重烃δ~(13)C组成会重于其烃源的碳同位素组成,往往会显示出类似煤型气重烃气碳同位素组成偏重的特征,故不能简单地用重烃碳同位素组成判断天然气母质类型.Ln(C_2/C_3)是判断干酪根热解气与原油(分散可溶有机质)裂解气的有效指标,提出了Ln(C_1/C2)-(δ~(13)C_1-δ~(13)C2)为判断原油裂解气与分散可溶有机质裂解气的有效指标.
渤海海域新生代盆地演化的重要转折期——证据及区域动力学分析

渤海湾盆地海域在新生代演化中经历了多旋回断陷作用,沉积地层中形成了多期不整合界面.这些不整合面所代表的构造变动在表现形式和对盆地演化的影响上不尽相同.利用渤海大量的油气勘探资料与成果对渤海海域各凹陷的构造演化特点综合分析表明,沙三期末(38Ma±)和东营期末(24Ma±)的两期构造变革反映出前后盆地面貌、构造格局与属性的明显变化,是盆地演化中的两次重要构造转折期.对该两次构造转折期形成的区域动力学背景分析认为,沙三期末的构造变革是在欧亚大陆与周缘太平洋板块、印度板块等发生的重大运动学调整的背景下形成,在同一动力学背景下,郯庐走滑断裂由左旋性质转为右旋性质;古近纪末期(24Ma±)构造变革是喜马拉雅造山作用对中国乃至亚洲大陆影响的反映,同时喜马拉雅造山作用有关的逸(挤)出效应产生的应力场与先存构造应力场的叠加,也加剧了区内郯庐断裂带晚期的右旋走滑作用.
中国菌根研究60年:过去、现在和将来

菌根(真菌根系)存在于大约90%的植物中,在促进土壤结构、植物养分与生长、元素生物地球化学循环和陆地生态系统结构与功能等方面具有重要作用.过去60年尤其是近30年,中国菌根研究成果举世瞩目,如共鉴定出20种新种与120余种新记录种丛枝菌根真菌、30种新种与800余种新记录种外生菌根真菌以及10种新种与100余种新记录种兰花菌根真菌.同时,在菌根真菌菌种丰富度与遗传结构、菌种生态分布与植物种群,植物养分摄取与生长、植物修复与土地复垦、植物抗病性和与其他土壤微生物相互作用、菌根植物酶学性质及大气CO_2和O_3浓度升高对丛枝菌根多样性的影响等方面也取得重大进展.本文选介中国菌根主要研究成就,进行研究前景展望,以促进我国菌根研究的深入开展.
学科交叉为化学发展注入新活力——第二届“化学的创新与发展论坛”概述

2012年4月13~15日,作为中国化学会第28届学术年会的分会之一,由中国科学院科普和出版工作委员会与《中国科学》杂志社主办,美国物理联合会(AIP)协办的第二届"化学的创新与发展论坛"在四川大学召开.《中国科学:化学》主编黎乐民院士(北京大学)、编委帅志刚教授(清华大学)以及黄震教授(GeorgiaStateUniversity)担任论坛主席.本届论坛的主题是"化学与相关学科的交叉与渗透",旨在促进化学与物理科学、材料科学和生命科学的交叉渗透,进一步发挥化学在解决能源、医药、环境保护与资源利用等领域基本问题中的重要作用.中国科学院科普和出版工作委员会主任及《中国科学》《科学通报》总主编朱作言院士和AIP全球出版总监MarkCassar致开幕词.化学生物学、材料科学、物理学、能源、环境和资源利用等多个领域的15位国内外专家作了主题报告.
Wiedemann effect of Fe-Ga based magnetostrictive wires

(Fe_(83)Ga_(17))_(98)Cr_2 wires each with a diameter of 0.7 mm are prepared by hot swaging and warm drawing from the casting rods directly,because the ductility of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) alloy is improved by adding Cr element.The Wiedemann twists and dependences on magnetostrictions of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and(Fe_(83)Ga_(17))_(98)Cr_2 wires are investigated.The largest observed Wiedemann twists of 245 s·cm~(-1) and 182 s·cm~(-1) are detected in the annealed Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and(Fe_(83)Ga_(17))_(98)Cr_2 wires,respectively.The magnetostrictions of the annealed Fe_(83)Ga_(17) and(Fe_(83)Ga_(17))_(98)Cr_2 wires are 160 ppm and 107 ppm,respectively.The maximum of the Wiedemann twist increases with magnetostriction increasing.However the magnetostriction is just one important factor that affects the Wiedemann effect of alloy wire,and the relationship between magnetostriction and Wiedemann effect is a complex function rather than a simple function.
Electronic and structural properties of N-vacancy in AlN nanowires:A first-principles study

The stability and electronic structures of AlN nanowires with and without N-vacancy are investigated using firstprinciples calculations.We find that there is an inverse correlation between formation energy and diameter in ideal AlN nanowires.After calculating the formation energies of N-vacancy at different sites in AlN nanowires with different diameters,we find that the N-vacancy prefers to stay at the surface of the nanowires and it is easier to fabricate them under Al-rich conditions.Through studying the electronic properties of AlN nanowires with N-vacancies,we further find that there are two isolated bands in the deep part of the band gap,one of them is fully occupied and the other is half occupied.The charge density indicates that the half-fully occupied band arises from the Al at the surface,and this atom becomes an active centre.
Thermal analysis of GaN laser diodes in a package structure

Using the finite-element method,the thermal resistances of GaN laser diode devices in a TO 56 package for both epi-up configuration and epi-down configuration are calculated.The effects of various parameters on the thermal characteristics are analysed,and the thicknesses of the AlN submount for both epi-up configuration and epi-down configuration are optimized.The obtained result provides a reference for the parameter selection of the package materials.
Fractional differential equations of motion in terms of combined Riemann-Liouville derivatives

In this paper,we focus on studying the fractional variational principle and the differential equations of motion for a fractional mechanical system.A combined Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator is defined,and a fractional Hamilton principle under this definition is established.The fractional Lagrange equations and the fractional Hamilton canonical equations are derived from the fractional Hamilton principle.A number of special cases are given,showing the universality of our conclusions.At the end of the paper,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
Absorption of a massless scalar wave from a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence

By using the partial wave method,we investigate the absorption of a massless scalar wave from a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence.We obtained the expression of absorption cross section.Then we numerically carry out the absorption cross section and we find that the larger the angular momentum quantum number l is,the smaller the corresponding maximum value of the partial absorption cross section is,and that the total absorption cross section tends to the geometric-optical limit σ hf abs ≈πb 2 c.We also find that higher value of ω q(state parameter of quintessence) corresponds to the higher value of absorption cross section σ abs.