mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Conversion between solid and beam element solutions of finite element method based on meta-modeling theory: development and application to a ramp tunnel structure

In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.
2015年辽阳市结核病耐药现状分析

分析辽阳市耐药结核病的现状和特点,为制定和完善耐药结核病防控规划提供科学依据。收集辽阳市2015年1月1日~12月31日新登记涂阳肺结核患者痰样本,培养阳性结核分枝杆菌菌株282例,采用比例法对利福平(R)、异烟肼(H)、链霉素(S)、乙胺丁醇(E)、对氨基水杨酸钠(P)5种药物进行药物敏感性试验。采用SPSS 18.0进行统计学分析,率的比较采用χ~2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果显示,辽阳市2015年涂阳肺结核患者的总耐药率为26.60%,初治患者耐药率为9.65%,复治患者耐药率为98.15%;总耐多药率为4.96%,初治患者耐多药率为0.44%,复治患者耐多药率为24.07%。辽阳市复治结核病患者耐药结核病疫情较为严重,面临新的问题,需采用更全面的干预措施遏制耐药结核病疫情。
小针刀治疗髂腰韧带损伤120例

依据针刀医学关于人体弓弦力学系统及疾病原理构架的网眼理论,髂腰韧带损伤后,引起粘连、瘢痕、挛缩,造成髂腰部的力学平衡失调而产生腰部一侧或两侧疼痛,活动受限,不能翻身、坐立或行走。髂腰韧带损伤主要是起点和止点,髂腰韧带损伤还可以导致机化、增生、粘连等继发性改变。用针刀既能松解粘连、硬化、解除肌肉痉挛,使髂腰韧带的力学平衡得到恢复,又可以疏通经络,加速局部气血流通,促进局部炎症吸收及氧和血红蛋白的结合。
中国内镜超声引导下细针穿刺临床应用指南

内镜超声引导下的细针吸取细胞学检查(endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration, EUS-FNA)应用于临床诊断已近20年,成为许多疾病的重要诊断依据。内镜超声检查可发现消化道周围几毫米大小的病变,通过对病变穿刺取得细胞和组织进行病理学的研究,帮助确定病变的性质、组织学来源和病理学特征。当肿瘤的性质已经确定时,EUS-FNA有助于鉴别淋巴结和其他器官的转移病灶,分期的准确性对治疗方案的选择至关重要。EUS-FNA准确、安全、简便、快捷,近年来国内广泛开展了此种检查术。为了提高EUS-FNA的阳性率,规范EUS-FNA的操作,制定中国EUS-FNA的临床应用指南,以供临床医师参考。
Performance of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Concentrated Acids

Nickel alloys containing optimum amounts of chromium (Cr),molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) are widely used in the chemical processing industries due to their tolerance to both oxidizing and reducing conditions. Unlike stainless steel (SS),Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloys exhibit remarkably high uniform corrosion resistance in major concentrated acids, like hydrochloric acid (HC1) and sulfuric acid (H_2SO_4). A higher uniform corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloys, compared to other alloys, in concentrated acids can be attributed to the formation of protective oxide film of Mo and W in reducing acids, and Cr oxide film in oxidizing solutions. The localized corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloys, containing high amount Cr as well as Mo (or Mo + W), is also significantly higher than that of other commercially available alloys. The present study investigates the role of alloying elements, in nickel alloys, to uniform corrosion resistance in concentrated acids (HC1,HC1 + oxidizing impurities and H_2SO_4)and localized corrosion performance in chloride-rich environments using ASTM G-48 test methodology. The corrosion tests were conducted on various alloys, and the results were analyzed using weight loss technique and electrochemical techniques, in conjunction with surface characterization tools.
Corrosion Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Highly Alkaline Environment

Industrial components made with a magnesium-aluminum alloy AZ31 are often used in diverse engineering applications where component weight, strength, and durability are critical. Similarly as other Mg alloys, however, the AZ31 is susceptible to corrosion in alkaline environments. In this work, corrosion of commercial grade AZ31 alloy plate was examined in potassium hydroxide (KOH) using immersion and potentiodynamic studies. The results suggest that the concentration of Al and Mn in the alloy may govern the kinetics of micro-galvanic corrosion and the initiation of corrosion pits. Further, trace amounts of Ni in the AZ31 alloy were seen to enable formation of Ni(OH)2 surface layer, which may have further accelerated alloy corrosion due to its cracking and void coalescence. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 was studied with reference to Pourbaix diagrams.
Eteplirsen (Exondys 51)

Eteplirsen由美国Sarepta Therapeutics公司开发,用于治疗杜氏肌营养不良症(Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD),商品名为Exondys 51。该药获得FDA罕见儿童疾病优先审查认证资格,并于2016年9月19日获批上市,成为第一个获批治疗DMD的药物。
拳击致甲状软骨、舌骨骨折1例

本例伤者被他人拳击中左颈部后,局部挫伤明显,喉结左侧略塌陷,甲状软骨右软骨板粉碎性骨折,左舌骨体、舌骨大角骨折,会厌、喉腔、声带充血,吞咽疼痛,声音嘶哑。符合甲状软骨被冲击力压向右后方与颈椎碰撞挤压,致甲状软骨变形超过其弹性限度而引起甲状软骨右软骨板前侧断裂;甲状软骨被压向右后方时甲状舌骨韧带、甲状舌骨肌、皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜层、舌骨下肌群等向右后牵拉超出了舌骨的应力限度引起左舌骨体与左舌骨大角骨折,喉腔软组织挫伤出血水肿并出现临床症状。
新生儿肝破裂法医学鉴定2例

通过2例案件的分析,笔者认为在尸检中发现新生儿肝破裂比较容易,但分析其发生原因仍需充足的病历资料,尤其是产程和处理记录。亦以此提醒临床工作者,如遇新生儿发生面色苍白、考虑失血可能时,应警惕内部器官出血,及时进行相关检查及处理。
带掌长肌腱的控制皮下静脉属支动脉化静脉皮瓣在修复手部复合组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨带掌长肌腱的控制皮下静脉属支动脉化静脉皮瓣在修复手部复合组织缺损中的方法及临床疗效。方法2011年5月至2016年10月在佛山市第五人民医院收治19例19指复合皮肤、肌腱缺损患者,男12例,女7例,年龄19 ~ 51岁(平均35.8岁),其中拇长伸肌腱缺损5例、拇长屈肌腱缺损3例,示指伸肌腱指背腱膜并侧束缺损4例、示指伸肌腱侧束缺损3例、中指指深屈肌腱缺损2例,环指伸肌腱侧束缺损2例,所有病例均复合皮肤缺损,缺损面积3.5 cm×2.5 cm ~ 7.5 cm×4.5 cm。在同侧前臂掌侧设计带掌长肌腱的控制皮下静脉属支动脉化静脉皮瓣修复复合组织缺损。术后对19例病例进行6个月的随访,并观察皮瓣颜色、皮温、张力及根据TAM法疗效评定。结果19例19指皮瓣全部成活,3例出现局限性边缘张力性水泡,采取拆除局部张力大处2 ~ 3条缝线,水泡消失,1周左右肿胀渐消退,水泡干瘪塌陷,其余病例皮瓣及供区植皮创面均无明显水泡。19例患者皮瓣外观、成活良好,其中16例来我院门诊随访6个月并根据TAM法进行疗效评定,优为5例,良为8例,中为2例,差为1例;3例患者进行3个月门诊随访后因工作地点转换而丢失,最后一次随访时根据TAM法进行疗效评定均为中。结论带掌长肌腱的控制皮下静脉属支动脉化静脉皮瓣在修复手部复合组织缺损中疗效确切,有推广价值。
股方肌骨瓣移植联合螺钉内固定治疗中青年陈旧性股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股方肌骨瓣移植联合加压空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年陈旧性股骨颈骨折的临床疗效,证实此术式的可行性。方法2009年3月至2015年3月,对中青年陈旧性股骨颈骨折11例患者,手术采用髋关节后外侧人路,骨折复位满意后,用3枚空心加压螺钉倒三角固定骨折。于股方肌止点处切取适合大小的股方肌骨瓣,沿股骨颈纵轴向头内及颈部开槽,将骨瓣插入股骨头内,无张力移植固定于股骨颈部。术后随访、分析临床效果。结果通过术后1 ~ 3年的随访,11例患者骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为4 ~ 10个月,平均愈合时间6个月,根据Harris髋关节功能评分,平均为92.5分,1例患者术后2年出现了I期股骨头坏死,予以取出空心螺钉配合活血化淤药物应用,扶双拐不负重下床功能锻炼等综合治疗1年,股骨头坏死程度未进展,髋关节功能评分为73分。结论股方肌骨瓣移植联合加压空心螺钉内固定治疗中青年陈旧性股骨颈骨折,能显著提高其愈合率,降低股骨头坏死及骨不连的发生率,是较好的一种治疗方法。
Dynamic Stability Analysis of Linear Time-varying Systems via an Extended Modal Identification Approach

The problem of linear time-varying(LTV) system modal analysis is considered based on time-dependent state space representations, as classical modal analysis of linear time-invariant systems and current LTV system modal analysis under the "frozen-time" assumption are not able to determine the dynamic stability of LTV systems. Time-dependent state space representations of LTV systems are first introduced, and the corresponding modal analysis theories are subsequently presented via a stability-preserving state transformation. The time-varying modes of LTV systems are extended in terms of uniqueness, and are further interpreted to determine the system's stability. An extended modal identification is proposed to estimate the time-varying modes, consisting of the estimation of the state transition matrix via a subspace-based method and the extraction of the time-varying modes by the QR decomposition. The proposed approach is numerically validated by three numerical cases, and is experimentally validated by a coupled moving-mass simply supported beam experimental case. The proposed approach is capable of accurately estimating the time-varying modes, and provides a new way to determine the dynamic stability of LTV systems by using the estimated time-varying modes.
3D FEM Simulation of Milling Force in Corner Machining Process

To optimize milling force and machining accuracy quality in corner milling process, the changing law of milling force is revealed by Finite Element Method(FEM). Based on DEFORM software a serial of 3D FEM models for corner milling process are devloped. Tool curved trajectory is achieved by establishing accurate relationship of tool location with milling time. Adaptive remeshing technique and iterative algorithm are adopted to ensure convergence of FEM model. Component force characteristics are revealed by analyzing FEM simulation results. It indicates that the milling force in Y direction becomes negative comparing with forces in X and Z direction. Magnitude of forces in three directions decreases with increase of spindle speed, while it increases with increase of milling feedrate. The simulation results for cutting force are in good agreement with those obtained from experiment. The FEM simulation model is first successfully established for corner milling process in this study, and the results provide a guide for optimizing cutting parameters in cutting process.
加强多学科协作提升垂体促甲状腺激素腺瘤的诊治水平

在《中国垂体促甲状腺激素腺瘤诊治专家共识(2017)》(以下简称本共识)发表之际,应中国垂体瘤协作组组长王任直教授之约撰写本文。一方面祝贺本共识的发表,另一方面也想从主要参与和撰写者的角度上,介绍撰写本共识目的、撰写过程以及未来需要解决问题,以便各地区、各级别医院的医师在临床实践中能够更全面地了解本共识,更加恰当的使用本共识,使其在临床诊治中发挥更大的价值,最终实现提高我国垂体促甲状腺激素(TSH)腺瘤诊治水平的目的。
Analytical analysis for vibration of longitudinally moving plate submerged in infinite liquid domain

The vibration of a longitudinally moving rectangular plate submersed in an infinite liquid domain is studied analytically with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The liquid is assumed to be incompressible,inviscid,and irrotational,and the velocity potential is used to describe the fluid velocity in the whole liquid field. The classical thin plate theory is used to derive mechanical energies of the traveling plate. As derivative of transverse displacement with respect to time in the compatibility condition equation exists,an exponential function is introduced to depict the dynamic deformation of the moving plate. It is shown that this exponential function works well with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. A convergence study shows a quick convergence speed for the immersed moving plate. Furthermore,the parametric study is carried out to demonstrate the effect of system parameters including the moving speed,the plate location,the liquid depth,the plate-liquid ratio,and the boundary condition. Results show that the above system parameters have significant influence on the vibration characteristics of the immersed moving plate. To extend the study,the method of added virtual mass incremental (AVMI) factor is used. The results show good agreement with those from the Rayleigh-Ritz method.
桡动脉掌浅支缺如型腕横纹皮瓣改为静脉网状皮瓣成功一例

我们尝试将变异的腕横纹生理性皮瓣改变为非生理性皮瓣,除具有腕横纹皮瓣的切取方便、供受区在同一手术区域、直接缝合、皮肤质地相近、可切取复合皮瓣等优点,且皮下浅静脉与动脉管径相差不大,也避免了因血管变异改行其他皮瓣的二次供区损伤,或一定程度上弥补了因术前血管穿支确定工作准备的不足。无论是否存在掌浅支动脉的变异均可按原设计方案进行切取,我们缺少长期随访的结果,尚需大宗病例证实。因静脉皮瓣的营养系统早期属非生理性状态,存在皮瓣存活后有肿胀、皮瓣内积血、晚期皮瓣收缩率偏大等缺点,限制了其临床应用。
应用游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复手部小面积皮肤缺损

目的应用游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复手部小面积皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法自2014年3月至2015年4月,对6例手部小面积皮肤缺损,均为手背、手掌或手指皮肤缺损创面,利用游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复。缺损面积为3 cm × 2 cm~6 cm × 5 cm。结果6例皮瓣全部存活,伤口均I期愈合,术后随访1~15个月,外形及功能较满意,皮瓣质地柔软、外观自然、饱满,无明显色素沉着,供区外观及功能无明显影响,其中1例修复手指皮肤缺损的皮瓣外观稍臃肿,需二期行皮瓣修整。手部经康复治疗功能训练后,按照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:优3例,良2例,可1例,功能恢复满意。结论游离尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣修复手部小面积皮肤缺损,安全可靠,术后手部功能恢复良好。
桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣修复手指指腹软组织缺损

目的探讨应用桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指指腹软组织缺损的手术方法及治疗效果。方法自2013年10月至2016年1月,我们采用桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指指腹软组织缺损患者28例。皮瓣切取面积为1.8 cm × 2.2 cm~2.2 cm × 2.8 cm。结果本组28例皮瓣全部成活,其中1例出现皮瓣远端表皮坏死,经创面换药治疗后愈合,供受区均未并发深部感染。腕部皮瓣供区全部直接缝合。术后随访时间为5~18个月,平均9个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形满意,两点分辨觉达8~11 mm,患指功能根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定优17例,良9例,可2例。皮瓣供区无疼痛,无严重瘢痕增生,腕关节屈伸活动良好。结论应用桡动脉掌浅支皮瓣游离移植修复手指指腹软组织缺损,皮瓣外形满意,供区相对隐蔽且损伤小,是一种较为理想的手术方式。
伴有颅颈交界结构畸形的寰枢椎脱位后路手术策略进展

颅颈交界区域包括枕骨至C_(2~3)间盘水平,该区域可伴有相关结构畸形,包括颅底凹陷、寰椎枕骨化、游离齿突、C_(2~3)先天融合、寰椎前弓和(或)后弓先天性分裂等骨性结构畸形,而骨性结构的畸形往往合并有椎动脉的畸形。可复性寰枢椎脱位和不可复性寰枢椎脱位经过前路松解、减压都需要后路融合内固定术。寰枢椎后路固定技术可分为六类,Gallie、 Brooks技术、椎板夹技术、Magerl经关节螺钉技术、钉板技术(Goel技术)、钉棒技术(Harms-Melcher技术)。Gallie、Brooks技术和椎板夹技术因其诸多局限性逐渐退出临床,Magerl经关节螺钉技术仍是寰枢椎融合的金标准,钉棒系统中寰椎侧块(椎弓根)螺钉技术+枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术为目前最常用的技术。如颅颈交界不稳合并相应结构畸形,将给外科治疗带来一定的困难,现对伴有不同结构畸形的寰枢椎不稳后路手术的治疗策略进展综述如下。
Interfacial and Electrical Properties of GaAs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitor with ZrAlON as the Interfacial Passivation Layer

The ZrTiON gate-dielectric GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with or without ZrAlON as the interfacial passivation layer (IPL) are fabricated and their properties are investigated. The experimental results show that the GaAs MOS capacitor with the ZrAlON IPL exhibits better interfacial and electrical properties, including lower interface-state density (1.14 × 10~(12) cm eV~(-1)), smaller gate leakage current (6.82 × 10~(-5) A/cm~2 at V_(fb)+1 V), smaller capacitance equivalent thickness (1.5 nm), and larger k value (26). The involved mechanisms lie in the fact that the ZrAlON IPL can effectively block the diffusion of Ti and O towards the GaAs surface, thus suppressing the formation of interfacial Ga-/As-oxides and As-As dimers, which leads to improved interfacial and electrical properties for the devices.
Two-Photon Excited State Dynamics of Dark Rydberg and Bright Valence States in Furan

Two-photon absorption in systems with parity permits access to states that cannot be directly prepared by one-photon absorption. Here we investigate ultrafast internal conversion (IC) dynamics of furan by using this strategy in combination with femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The dark Rydberg S_1 and bright valence S_2 states are simultaneously excited by two photons of 405 nm, and then ionized by two photons of 800 nm. The IC from S_2 to S_1 is clearly observed and extracted from the time dependence of the higher photoelectron kinetic energy (PKE) component. More importantly, the internal conversions to hot So from directly-prepared S_1 and secondarily-populated S_1 are unambiguously identified by the time-dependence of the lower PKE component. The average lifetime of the S_2 and S_1 states is measured to be 29 fs. The internal conversions of S_2 to S_1, S_1 to hot S_0 occur on estimated timescales of 15.4 fs and 38 fs, respectively.
湖南株洲市药店中药饮片真伪调研报告

目的:反映湖南株洲市区药店中药饮片真伪情况,为监管部门及药店管理人员制定监管制度提供参考。方法:从株洲市区单体药店和连锁药店共28家各购进25个同类中药饮片品种,通过来源鉴定、性状鉴定等方法进行真伪鉴定。结果:所调研品种中有9个正品率为100%,2个正品率为0%,整体正品率为73%,连锁药店正品率明显高于单体药店。结论:株洲市药店的中药饮片质量状况整体较好,伪品率较高的通草、大青叶、金钱草主要原因为地方习用所致,另有朱砂、皂角刺等品种亟待监管。
HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins

Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germlineencoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca~(2+)-binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.
Research on the attribution evaluating methods of dynamic effects of various parameter uncertainties on the in-structure floor response spectra of nuclear power plant

Consideration of the dynamic effects of the site and structural parameter uncertainty is required by the standards for nuclear power plants (NPPs) in most countries. The anti-seismic standards provide two basic methods to analyze parameter uncertainty. Directly manually dealing with the calculated floor response spectra (FRS) values of deterministic approaches is the first method. The second method is to perform probability statistical analysis of the FRS results on the basis of the Monte Carlo method. The two methods can only reflect the overall effects of the uncertain parameters, and the results cannot be screened for a certain parameter's influence and contribution. In this study, based on the dynamic analyses of the floor response spectra of NPPs, a comprehensive index of the assessed impact for various uncertain parameters is presented and recommended, including the correlation coefficient, the regression slope coefficient and Tornado swing. To compensate for the lack of guidance in the NPP seismic standards, the proposed method can effectively be used to evaluate the contributions of various parameters from the aspects of sensitivity, acuity and statistical swing correlations. Finally, examples are provided to verify the set of indicators from systematic and intuitive perspectives, such as the uncertainty of the impact of the structure parameters and the contribution to the FRS of NPPs. The index is sensitive to different types of parameters, which provides a new technique for evaluating the anti-seismic parameters required for NPPs.
Spring tube braces for seismic isolation of buildings

A new low-cost seismic isolation system based on spring tube bracings has been proposed and studied at the Structural and Earthquake Engineering Laboratory of Istanbul Technical University. Multiple compression-type springs are positioned in a special cylindrical tube to obtain a symmetrical response in tension and compression-type axial loading. An isolation floor, which consists of pin-ended steel columns and spring tube bracings, is constructed at the foundation level or any intermediate level of the building. An experimental campaign with three stages was completed to evaluate the capability of the system. First, the behavior of the spring tubes subjected to axial displacement reversals with varying frequencies was determined. In the second phase, the isolation floor was assessed in the quasi-static tests. Finally, a 1/4 scaled 3D steel frame was tested on the shake table using actual acceleration records. The transmitted acceleration to the floor levels is greatly diminished because of the isolation story, which effects longer period and higher damping. There are no stability and self-centering problems in the isolation floor.
Study on seismic performance enhancement in bridges based on factorial analysis

The seismic performance of bridges depends on the ductile behavior of its column, as the deck and other substructural components except pile foundations are normally designed to be elastic to facilitate bridge retrofitting. Codes such as AASHTO, Caltrans, IRC: 112 etc. give guidelines for the seismic performance enhancement of columns through ductile detailing. In the present study, a methodology for the seismic performance enhancement of bridges is discussed by using a "Parameter-Based Influence Factor" (PIF) developed from factorial analysis. The parameters considered in the factorial analysis are: percentage of longitudinal reinforcement (P_t), compressive strength of concrete (f′_c), yield strength of steel (f_y), spacing of lateral ties (S) and column height (H). The influence of each parameter and their combination on the limit states considered is estimated. Pushover analysis is used to evaluate the capacity of columns, considering shear failure criteria. A total of 243 (3~5 combinations) analysis results are compiled to develop 'PIF' used in the performance enhancement process. The study also encompasses other sub-objectives such as evaluating the discrepancies in using the Importance Factor (/) in designing bridges of varied functional importance; and estimating the aspect ratio and slenderness ratio values of bridge columns for its initial sizing.
鱼舱内硫化氢气体中毒致缺氧性脑病的早期干预体会

夏季鳀鱼在离开海水后会很快分解并释放出硫化氢等有害气体,致使鱼舱内有害气体浓度很高,反而氧含量很低,可对卸鱼的渔民造成急性中毒。卸鱼时如果不注意做好通风、换气等准备工作,进鱼仓后很快因缺氧、中毒而诱发疾病。因中枢神经系统对缺氧最为敏感,将首先受到损害,其中以缺氧性脑病表现最为显著,且发病迅速,危险性非常高,故及时、有效的救护是抢救成功的关键。笔者总结了2011年8月至2016年8月收治的鱼舱内硫化氢气体中毒致缺氧性脑病患者33例早期干预救治成功的经验。现报道如下。
论乳为肝窍

通过分析整理古今关于乳与肝的文献资料,探讨乳为肝窍的中医学理论依据,发现乳房的发育、乳汁的形成、分泌以及乳痈、乳癖、乳岩、乳痰、乳衄、乳汁异常分泌等常见乳腺疾病的发生均与肝相关。肝失疏泄、肝不藏血是乳病发生的基本病机,前人治疗乳病在辨证论治的基础上多注重从肝调理。故通过对乳为肝窍理论的探讨,阐明乳的生理病理特性,完善中医藏窍理论,为临床治疗乳腺疾病提供理论指导。
染色体复杂易位一例

讨论4条染色体同时发生断裂并形成4条新的衍生染色体属于罕见的复杂易位。本例患儿精神发育迟缓,体格发育落后,其原因可能是染色体易位的过程中有遗传物质丢失,但患儿家属拒绝对患儿进行基因芯片检査,因此无法进一步确定其是否携带染色体微缺失。患儿父母表示不会再生育,并拒绝做染色体检査。复杂易位的患者形成异常配子的比例比一般易位者更高,极易发生流产、死胎和畸胎。该患儿成年后生育时一定要做好产前诊断,防止染色体病患儿的出生。
甲下外生性骨疣

甲下外生性骨疣是一种发生于末端指(趾)骨甲板下的单发性良性骨肿瘤,本病由Dupuytren1847年首先描述。其发病机制尚不明确,之前的研究认为其与慢性感染、基因遗传改变、软骨囊肿等因素有关。近年的研究表明其发生与外伤刺激如摩擦、挤压及踩踏伤等密切相关。有学者认为外伤可导致纤维组织化生为纤维软骨,继而骨化。部分学者认为创伤刺激引起骨膜下间叶组织增生,演变为透明软骨,继而骨化。本病发病年龄多在11~30岁,女性多见,男女比例为1:2。好发于拇趾甲床处,也可发生在其他指(趾)。甲下外生性骨疣多为单发,瘤体增长缓慢,可见指(趾)甲增厚隆起,局部轻度肿胀疼痛,严重者可导致甲沟炎及甲周组织感染。X射线检查对本病的诊断具有重要意义,表现为:末节指(趾)骨远端骨性肿物隆起,肿块顶端形态不一,基底较宽,与骨皮质相连续,为松质骨,骨小梁清晰,无溶骨性破坏及骨膜反应[3]。典型的组织病理学表现为4层,即最表面相当于骨膜的纤维层,其次为纤维母细胞层、纤维软骨或透明软骨层,最下层为软骨化骨所形成的骨小梁。本病临床上主要需与化脓性肉芽肿、甲下疣,甲下骨软骨瘤、甲下鳞状细胞癌、无色素性黑素瘤等鉴别。组织病理检查可以鉴别。本病的首选治疗方法为局部切除,切除应包括增生的骨小梁、软骨帽及上方的纤维组织,并将骨组织创面修平整。复发的病例可再次手术治疗;对于反复发作、肿瘤较大或并发骨髓炎者,可考虑行趾间关节离断术。本病无恶变倾向,预后良好。
品管圈活动对降低临时性中心静脉导管相关血流性感染发生率的影响

中国医科大学附属第一医院血液净化中心成立品管圈活动小组,确立活动课题为降低临时性中心静脉导管相关血流性感染发生率、进行现状调查、分析产生原因、设定目标和制定对策并实施。开展品管圈活动后,临时性中心静脉导管相关血流性感染发生率从16%降到5 %。
Thermo-reversible MWCNTs/Epoxy Polymer for Use in Self-healing and Recyclable Epoxy Adhesive

A self-healing and recyclable carbon tube/epoxy adhesive was prepared by epoxy monomer with Diels-Alder (DA) bonds, diethylenetriamine and polyethyleneimine modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The self-healing and recyclable ability was attained by thermally reversible Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleimide in the epoxy monomer. By controlling the molar ratio of furfuryl glycidyl ether and 4,4'-methylenebis(N-phenylmaleimide), the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of MWCNTs/epoxy adhesives were varied. The self-healing properties of MWCNTs/epoxy polymers were evaluated by lap shear experiment and the results showed that the MWCNTs/epoxy adhesives exhibited enhanced mechanical properties and excellent self-healing ability under heat stimulus. The healing efficiency was related to the molecule mobility and the conversion of DA reaction between furan and maleimide. The MWCNTs/epoxy adhesives also displayed excellent recyclable ability by transforming into soluble polymer under heating. These materials offer a wide range of possibilities to produce materials with healing and recyclable ability and have the potential to bring great benefits to our daily lives by enhancing the safety, performance, and lifetime of products.