mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Consistent constitutive modeling of metallic target penetration using empirical, analytical, and numerical penetration models

Historically, there has been little correlation between the material properties used in (1) empirical formulae, (2) analytical formulations, and (3) numerical models. The various regressions and models may each provide excellent agreement for the depth of penetration into semi-infinite targets. But the input parameters for the empirically based procedures may have little in common with either the analytical model or the numerical model. This paper builds on previous work by Riegel and Anderson (2014) to show how the Effective Flow Stress (EFS) strength model, based on empirical data, can be used as the average flow stress in the analyticalWalker-Anderson Penetration model (WAPEN) (Anderson andWalker, 1991) and how the same value may be utilized as an effective von Mises yield strength in numerical hydrocode simulations to predict the depth of penetration for eroding projectiles at impact velocities in the mechanical response regime of the materials. The method has the benefit of allowing the three techniques (empirical, analytical, and numerical) to work in tandem. The empirical method can be used for many shot line calculations, but more advanced analytical or numerical models can be employed when necessary to address specific geometries such as edge effects or layering that are not treated by the simpler methods. Developing complete constitutive relationships for a material can be costly. If the only concern is depth of penetration, such a level of detail may not be required. The effective flow stress can be determined from a small set of depth of penetration experiments in many cases, especially for long penetrators such as the L/D = 10 ones considered here, making it a very practical approach. In the process of performing this effort, the authors considered numerical simulations by other researchers based on the same set of experimental data that the authors used for their empirical and analytical assessment. The goals were to establish a baseline with a full constitutive model and to determine if the EFS could be estimated from a standardized constitutive model. We were unable to accomplish this. Several papers detailing simulations using the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive model were located and used as a basis for comparison. The authors were somewhat surprised to find that the JC parameters employed in those studies were not actually developed for the target materials that were evaluated experimentally. More disconcerting was the fact that a number of different sets of JC parameters were published for presumably the same material. Although not intended to be a critique of the JC model, this research raises a serious concern regarding the manner in which the model has been applied to terminal ballistics problems. The details of the study are included in this paper because the authors believe it helps put the discussion of EFS into proper context.
Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-backed Thrush (Zoothera mollissima) complex (Aves, Turdidae) reveals cryptic species, including a new species

Background: The Plain-backed Thrush Zoothera mollissima breeds in the Himalayas and mountains of central China. It was long considered conspecific with the Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni, until these were shown to be broadly sympatric. Methods: We revise the Z. mollissima–Z. dixoni complex by integrating morphological, acoustic, genetic (two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers), ecological and distributional datasets. Results: In earlier field observations, we noted two very different song types of “Plain-backed” Thrush segregated by breeding habitat and elevation. Further integrative analyses congruently identify three groups: an alpine breeder in the Himalayas and Sichuan, China (“Alpine Thrush”); a forest breeder in the eastern Himalayas and northwest Yunnan (at least), China (“Himalayan Forest Thrush”); and a forest breeder in central Sichuan (“Sichuan Forest Thrush”). Alpine and Himalayan Forest Thrushes are broadly sympatric, but segregated by habitat and altitude, and the same is probably true also for Alpine and Sichuan Forest Thrushes. These three groups differ markedly in morphology and songs. In addition, DNA sequence data from three non-breeding specimens from Yunnan indicate that yet another lineage exists (“Yunnan Thrush”). However, we find no consistent morphological differences from Alpine Thrush, and its breeding range is unknown. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that all four groups diverged at least a few million years ago, and identify Alpine Thrush and the putative “Yunnan Thrush” as sisters, and the two forest taxa as sisters. Cytochrome b divergences among the four Z. mollissima sensu lato (s.l.) clades are similar to those between any of them and Z. dixoni, and exceed that between the two congeneric outgroup species. We lectotypify the name Oreocincla rostrata Hodgson, 1845 with the Z. mollissima sensu stricto (s.s.) specimen long considered its type. No available name unambiguously pertains to the Himalayan Forest Thrush. Conclusions: The Plain-backed Thrush Z. mollissima s.l. comprises at least three species: Alpine Thrush Z. mollissima s.s., with a widespread alpine breeding distribution; Sichuan Forest Thrush Z. griseiceps, breeding in central Sichuan forests; and Himalayan Forest Thrush, breeding in the eastern Himalayas and northwest Yunnan (at least), which is described herein as a new species. “Yunnan Thrush” requires further study.
High-speed waveguide-integrated Ge/Si avalanche photodetector

Waveguide-integrated Ge/Si heterostructure avalanche photodetectors (APDs) were designed and fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process on 8-inch SOI substrate. The structure of the APD was designed as separate-absorption-chargemultiplication (SACM) using germanium and silicon as absorption region and multiplication region, respectively. The breakdown voltage (V_b) of such a device is 19 V at reverse bias and dark current appears to be 0.71 μA at 90% of the V_b. The device with a 10-μm length and 7-μm width of Ge layer shows a maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 17.8 GHz at the wavelength of 1550 nm. For the device with a 30-μm-length Ge region, gain-bandwidth product achieves 325 GHz.
First-principles study of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of double perovskite Sr_2FeReO_6 containing various imperfections

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of double perovskite Sr_2FeReO_6 containing eight different imperfections of Fe_(Re) or Re_(Fe) antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges, V_(Fe), V_(Re), V_O or V_(Sr) vacancies have been studied by using the first-principles projector augmented wave (PAW) within generalized gradient approximation as well as taking into account the on-site Coulomb repulsive interaction (GGA+U). No obvious structural changes are observed for the imperfect Sr_2FeReO_6 containing Fe_(Re) or Re_(Fe) antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges, or V_(Sr) vacancy defects. However, the six (eight) nearest oxygen neighbors of the vacancy move away from (close to) V_(Fe) or V_(Re) (V_O) vacancies. The half-metallic (HM) character is maintained for the imperfect Sr_2FeReO_6 containing Fe_(Re) or Re_(Fe) antisites, Fe1–Re4 interchange, V_(Fe), V_O or V_(Sr) vacancies, while it vanishes when the Fe1–Re1 interchange or V_(Re) vacancy is presented. S_o the Fe1–Re1 interchange and the V_(Re) vacancy defects should be avoided to preserve the HM character of Sr_2FeReO_6 and thus usage in spintronic devices. In the Fe_(Re) or Re_(Fe) antisites, Fe1–Re1 or Fe1–Re4 interchanges cases, the spin moments of the Fe (Re) cations situated on Re (Fe) antisites are in an antiferromagnetic coupling with those of the Fe (Re) cations on the regular sites. In the V_(Fe), V_(Re), V_O, or V_(Sr) vacancies cases, a ferromagnetic coupling is obtained within each cation sublattice, while the two cation sublattices are coupled antiferromagnetically. The total magnetic moments mtot (mB/f.u.) of the imperfect Sr_2FeReO_6 containing eight different defects decrease in the sequence of V_(Sr) vacancy (3.50), V_(Re) vacancy (3.43), Fe_(Re) antisite (2.74), V_O vacancy (2.64), V_(Fe) vacancy (2.51), Re_(Fe) antisite (2.29), Fe1–Re4 interchange (1.96), Fe1–Re1 interchange (1.87), and the mechanisms of the saturation magnetization reduction have been analyzed.
Lasing dynamics study by femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy

Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy (FNOPAS) is a versatile technique with advantages of high sensitivity, broad detection bandwidth, and intrinsic spectrum correction function. These advantages should benefit the study of coherent emission, such as measurement of lasing dynamics. In this letter, the FNOPAS was used to trace the lasing process in Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solution and organic semiconductor nano-wires. High-quality transient emission spectra and lasing dynamic traces were acquired, which demonstrates the applicability of FNOPAS in the study of lasing dynamics. Our work extends the application scope of the FNOPAS technique.
Daily variation of radon gas and its short-lived progeny concentration near ground level and estimation of aerosol residence time

Atmospheric concentrations of radon (~(222)Rn) gas and its short-lived progenies ~(218)Po, ~(214)Pb, and ~(214)Po were continuously monitored every four hours at the ground level in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The measurements were performed three times every week, starting from November 2014 to October 2015. A method of electrostatic precipitation of positively charged ~(218)Po and ~(214)Po by a positive voltage was applied for determining ~(222)Rn gas concentration. The short-lived ~(222)Rn progeny concentration was determined by using a filter holder connected with the alpha-spectrometric technique. The meteorological parameters (relative air humidity, air temperature, and wind speed) were determined during the measurements of ~(222)Rn and its progeny concentrations. ~(222)Rn gas as well as its short-lived progeny concentration display a daily and seasonal variation with high values in the night and early morning hours as compared to low values at noon and in the afternoon. The observed monthly atmospheric concentrations showed a seasonal trend with the highest values in the autumn/winter season and the lowest values in the spring/summer season. Moreover, and in parallel with alphaspectrometric measurements, a single filter-holder was used to collect air samples. The deposited activities of ~(214)Pb and the long-lived ~(222)Rn daughter ~(210)Pb on the filter were measured with the gamma spectrometric technique. The measured activity concentrations of ~(214)Pb by both techniques were found to be relatively equal largely. The highest mean seasonally activity concentrations of ~(210)Pb were observed in the autumn/winter season while the lowest mean were observed in the spring/summer season. The mean residence time (MRT) of aerosol particles in the atmospheric air could be estimated from the activity ratios of ~(210)Pb/~(214)Pb.
Triple optomechanical induced transparency in a two-cavity system

We theoretically investigate the optomechanical induced transparency (OMIT) phenomenon in a two-cavity system which is composed of two optomechanical cavities. Both of the cavities consist of a fixed mirror and a high-Q mechanical resonator, and they couple to each other via a common waveguide. We show that in the presence of a strong pump field applied to one cavity and a weak probe field applied to the other, a triple-OMIT can be observed in the output field at the probe frequency. The two mechanical resonators in the two cavities are identical, but they lead to different quantum interference pathways. The transparency windows are induced by the coupling of the two cavities and the optical pressure radiated to the mechanical resonators, which can be controlled via the power of the pump field and the coupling strength of the two cavities.
Carrier envelope phase effect on the spatial distribution of high-order harmonic generation in asymmetric molecule

The spatial distribution in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from the asymmetric diatomic molecule HeH~(2+) is investigated by numerically solving the non-Born–Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE). The spatial distribution of the HHG spectra shows that there is little contribution in HHG around the geometric center of two nuclei (z = 1.17 a.u.) and the equilibrium internuclear position of the H nucleus (z = 3.11 a.u.). We demonstrate the carrier envelope phase (CEP) effect on the spatial distribution of HHG in a few-cycle laser pulse. The HHG process is investigated by the time evolution of the electronic density distribution. The time–frequency analysis of HHG from two nuclei in HeH~(2+) is presented to further explain the underlying physical mechanism.
Two-point resistance of an m×n resistor network with an arbitrary boundary and its application in RLC network

A rectangular m×n resistor network with an arbitrary boundary is investigated, and a general resistance formula between two nodes on an arbitrary axis is derived by the Recursion-Transform (RT) method, a problem that has never been resolved before, for the Green’s function technique and the Laplacian matrix approach are inapplicable to it. To have the exact solution of resistance is important but it is difficult to obtain under the condition of arbitrary boundary. Our result is directly expressed in a single summation and mainly composed of characteristic roots, which contain both finite and infinite cases. Further, the current distribution is given explicitly as a byproduct of the method. Our framework can be effectively applied to RLC networks. As an application to the LC network, we find that our formulation leads to the occurrence of resonances at h_1 = 1-cosф_i-sinф_i cotnф_i. This somewhat curious result suggests the possibility of practical applications of our formulae to resonant circuits.
Anti-inflammatory properties of lipoxin A4 protect against diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Lipoxin A4 can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing the inflammatory reaction, but it is currently unclear whether it has a protective effect on diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we established rat models of diabetes mellitus using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We then induced focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. After administration of lipoxin A4 via the lateral ventricle, infarction volume was reduced, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor-kappa B in the cerebral cortex were decreased, and neurological functioning was improved. These findings suggest that lipoxin A4 has strong neuroprotective effects in diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and that the underlying mechanism is related to the anti-inflammatory action of lipoxin A4.
Phylogenetic utility of LEAFY gene in Cinnamomum (Lauraceae): Gene duplication and polymerase chain reaction-mediated recombination

Low copy nuclear genes show great potential to provide phylogenetic information, but their use has been hampered by several inherent adverse factors. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated recombination ranks among these factors and occurs when high levels of similar paralogs for a low-copy nuclear gene coexist within a single PCR amplification reaction. In this study, the LEAFY gene was cloned and sequenced for 63 Cinnamomum species and two copies of the second intron were found within species of the diploid sect. Cinnamomum. Although these two copies are very similar, they can be distinguished easily due to a specific ca. 47-bp segment that is missing in the "short sequence" copy. The “long sequence" copy performed well in phylogenetic analysis of Cinnamomum and is largely consistent with phylogenetic relationships based on internal transcribed spacer region sequences. In contrast, the “short sequence" copy was problematic for phylogenetic reconstruction and PCR-mediated recombination was detected in 20 of the 38 Cinnamomum species with two LEAFY copies. Thirty-one recombinants were discriminated and the breakpoints suggested by the programs RDP3 and GARD were distributed randomly along the recombination sequences. This study shows that duplication in low-copy nuclear genes and problems associated with PCR-mediated recombination need to be given more attention in phylogenetic studies.
Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe, La Co-doped Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

A series of photocatalysts of un-doped, single-doped and co-doped nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO_2) have been successfully prepared by template method using Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O, La(NO_3)_3·6H_2O,and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors and glucan as template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N_2 adsorption-desorption measurement were employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure and surface structure of the samples. The photo-absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the prepared photocatalysts consisted of anatase phase and possessed high surface area of ca. 163-176 m~2/g. It was shown that the Fe and La co-doped nano-TiO_2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo-oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and La co-doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of co-doped nano-TiO_2 was also confirmed, the photocatalytic activity of codoped nano-TiO_2 remained above 89.6% of the fresh sample after being used four times.
近排腕骨切除术治疗创伤性腕关节炎10例临床观察

[目的]评价近排腕骨切除术治疗创伤性腕关节炎的疗效。[方法]2009年3月~2014年12月,对10例创伤性腕关节炎行近排腕骨切除术。术后测量腕关节的活动度、握力和疼痛程度,腕关节功能评定采用Krimmer评分法。术后拍摄腕关节正侧位X线片,了解腕关节骨性改变情况。[结果]术后随访8~66个月。腕关节屈伸活动度(腕关节掌屈、背伸角度之和)平均为73° (健侧为127°),尺桡偏平均为37° (健侧为67°);握力为24 kg (健侧为48 kg);疼痛值为30 (术前为75);腕关节功能评分为82分(术前为56分)。腕关节X线片示:术后1例桡头关节形成关节炎。[结论]近排腕骨切除可保留腕关节部分功能,减轻腕关节疼痛,是治疗创伤性腕关节炎的有效手段。
头颈部肿瘤IMRT摆位误差测量与分析

头颈部肿瘤(如鼻咽癌)与周围OAR关系密切,IMRT以其剂量学优势成为头颈部肿瘤放疗的主要形式。由于IMRT产生与靶区高度适形的剂量分布,并且在OAR和靶区之间形成陡峭的剂量跌落梯度,如果治疗摆位不准确,不仅会导致靶区得不到足够剂量,还可能使高剂量区移到OAR上,造成严重的放射损伤。本研究介绍我院放疗科应用机载千伏级CBCT对83例头颈部肿瘤患者实施IMRT前初次摆位的验证结果与分析。
Effects of Wetland Utilization Change on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nematodes in Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland (GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland (TW) and crop wetland (CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0-20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW (91.0%) > TW (88.1%) > CW (53.5%). Generic richness (GR) was lower in the TW (16) than that in GW (23) and CW (25). The combination of enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity (H'), Evenness (J'), Richness (GR) and modified maturity index (MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties (pH, Electric conductivity (EC), Total organic carbon (TOC), Total nitrogen (Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen (N-NO_3~-)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.
HP感染、miR-191表达与胃癌的相关性

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)感染、微小核糖核酸-191 (miR-191)表达与胃癌发生、发展的关系。方法采用HE和美蓝染色法检测HP在40例浅表性胃炎及40例胃癌组织中的感染情况;采用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)技术分别检测HP阳性和HP阴性胃炎组和胃癌组中miR-191的表达;分析HP感染、miR-191表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。结果HP感染在胃炎组和胃癌组中的阳性率分别为30%、75%;两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FISH技术检测miR-191在胃炎组和胃癌组中阳性率分别为20%、62.5%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。HP阳性胃炎组miR-191阳性率为33.3%: HP阴性胃炎组miR-191阳性率为7.1%;HP阳性胃癌组miR-191阳性率为73.3%,HP阴性胃癌组miR-191阳性率为50%。HP阳性组miR-191表达均高于同级别病变HP阴性组的水平,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。HP感染、miR-191表达与胃癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无明显相关性(P > 0.05),与肿瘤分化程度、临床病理分期和淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。结论HP感染和miR-191表达是导致胃癌发生、发展的重要因素,miR-191有望成为胃癌诊断和预后判断的客观指标之一。
尿液蛋白质组学在不同病因急性肾损伤早期诊断中的应用

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)发病率高,病死率高,早期诊断困难。传统的血肌酐诊断指标存在明显不足,而新型生物标志物如中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL)、尿肾损伤分子1 (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM -1)、白细胞介素18(IL-18)等也有一定局限,至今尚无一项实用可行的AKI早期诊断模式。近年来尿液蛋白质组学在AKI领域的应用,为建立无创、准确、特异性高的AKI早期诊断模式提供了技术支持。目前尿液蛋白质组学的常用技术有表面增强激光解吸电离-飞行时间-质谱法(SELDI-TOF-MS)、双向凝胶电泳-质谱法(2D-MS)、高效液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS)、毛细管电泳-质谱法(CE-MS)等。SELDI-TOF-MS技术是一种新兴的蛋白质组学技术,可同时进行多样品、多蛋白的检测,全面地反映蛋白质全貌,具有灵敏度高(仅需1 ml尿液)、操作简单(无须特殊标本分离、操作步骤少),同时不会破坏样本蛋白质等优点,是肾脏病领域研究中运用最普遍的蛋白组学技术之一,尤其在心肺旁路手术(cardiopulmonary bypass surgery,CPB)后AKI的运用。2D-MS技术能高效识别差异表达蛋白(包括蛋白亚型如选择性剪接后片段),避免其他尿液蛋白的干扰。HPLC-MS是一种半定量技术,检测蛋白快速、灵敏度高(只需<1 ml尿液),能检测更大数量的蛋白。CE-MS综合毛细管电泳与质谱强大的检测功能,比其他蛋白组学技术更高效、快速,不易受其他因素干扰。本文就近年来有关尿液蛋白质组学在不同病因AKI早期诊断中的应用做一综述。
江西传统炮制技术的研究进展

“樟帮”和“建昌帮”是江西传统炮制技术的代表,因其独特的炮制加工技术,一直在业界享有盛名。该文对樟帮和建昌帮炮制技术近年在文献工作研究、炮制机理、辅料作用研究等方面的进展进行了总结和整理,以提高对“樟帮”和“建昌帮”炮制技术的认识,促进江西传统炮制技术和加工方法的传承和创新。
FeCrNi合金表面MnO薄膜的制备及其抗渗碳性能

为了提高铁铬镍合金(FeCrNi)的抗渗碳性能,在FeCrNi合金表面电镀金属Mn薄膜,然后利用低氧分压氧化法在FeCrNi合金表面制备MnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等研究FeCrNi合金表面MnO薄膜的组织结构、形貌、薄膜与基体界面扩散层情况及MnO薄膜的抗渗碳性能。结果表明:经低氧分压氧化法处理后,金属Mn薄膜完全氧化为MnO薄膜,且在MnO薄膜和基体之间形成扩散层,扩散层中出现了MnCr_2O_4尖晶石相,MnO薄膜具有明显的抗渗碳效果。
2015年介入呼吸病学年度回顾

介入呼吸病学是一门关于呼吸系统疾病的侵入性诊断和治疗的医学科学和技术。随着基础医学、医学工程学等现代科学技术的发展,介人性诊治范围和相关技术在呼吸病学的应用价值日益提高。目前,介入呼吸病学已进入一个稳定健康、快速发展的阶段,在许多领域取得卓越的成就。本文就2015年介入呼吸病学在临床诊疗方面取得的重要技术进展综述如下。
黑皮质素类药物治疗肾病综合征研究进展

肾病综合征(nephrotic syndrome, NS)是常见肾脏疾病,治疗药物有限,存在较多患者对现有治疗无反应最终进展至终末期肾脏病。对于新药开发和传统药物新的应用研究一直在进行中。1999年Berg等意外发现曾在半个世纪前广泛用于儿童NS治疗的黑皮质素类药物——促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal corticotropic hormone, ACTH)可诱导激素耐药的NS患者缓解,使得ACTH及类似药物重新受到关注。近年越来越多的证据显示ACTH可通过肾上腺外黑皮质素途径保护肾脏及降低蛋白尿,尤其是对部分现有治疗耐药的NS患者有效。