mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
舌尖音构音障碍的临床特点及语音训练

目的探讨腭咽闭合不全患者和功能性语音障碍患者舌尖音构音障碍的临床特点及其语音训练方法。方法分析108例功能性语音障碍患者和112例腭咽闭合不全患者舌尖音构音障碍的临床特点;再各选择21例患者进行语音训练,并探讨两种类型患者语音训练的方法。结果功能性语音障碍患者舌尖音构音障碍的临床语音特点常表现为置换、舌后音化和侧化,108例功能性语音障碍患者中,舌尖音置换、舌后音化和侧化异常语音分别有89例(82.4%)、19例(17.6%)和12例(11.1%)。腭咽闭合不全患者舌尖音构音障碍的临床语音特点常表现为[1]音的浊化代偿和[zh]、[ch]、[sh]、[z]、[c]、[s]的浊化代偿、[i]和[u]的鼻音构音、舌尖中音[d]、[t]的脱落以及[zh]、[ch]、[sh]、[z]、[c]、[s]的侧化;112例腭咽闭合不全患者中,表现为这4种语音障碍类型的患者分别有85例(75.9%)、67例(59.8%)、47例(42.0%)和22例(19.6%)。21例功能性语音障碍患者经1 ~2个疗程的语音训练后,舌尖音发音错误的个数由训练前的(20.48 ±8.52)个减少到训练后的(5.33 ±4.78)个,且差异有统计学意义(t=9.602,P=0.000);21例腭咽闭合不全患者经2 ~ 3个疗程的语音训练后,舌尖音发音错误的个数由训练前的(26.29 ±6.88)个减少到训练后的(8.29 ±5.30)个,差异亦有统计学意义(t = 24.430,P = 0.000)。结论功能性语音障碍和腭咽闭合不全患者舌尖音构音障碍的临床特点具有很大差异性,应根据患者语音障碍的临床特点对患者采取个性化语音训练方案;语音训练效果显著。
中国科学的发展离不开本土期刊--庆祝《华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)》创刊六十周年

光阴荏苒。不觉之间,我们的《学报》已走过60年的风雨历程。10年前,当时的华东师范大学校长兼《学报》主编王建磐教授,为刊庆50周年撰文,回顾了《学报》50年来曲折的发展道路和所取得的可喜成就。自那以后,《学报》在不断面临新挑战的局面下,积极变革,努力探索现代化办刊的新路,取得了新的成就。在这里,我们先回顾《学报》近10年来的发展。
大都市自然环境、环境健康和经济价值

[背景]近40年来,关于城市附近的自然环境给人类带来的健康、福祉以及好处,已经有大量的研究提供了广泛的证据基础。 [目的]我们认为,如何把大都市自然环境、人类健康和福祉指标与经济价值联系在一起,在未来的研究中仍有广阔的前景。 [方法]回顾城市中基于自然条件的健康和福祉收益的相关文献。在本文中,我们提供了一个分类策略,并提出与大都市自然环境服务相关的潜在经济价值。 [讨论]在环境和自然资源经济学领域,已经开展了很多研究以估计从城市绿地系统中获得的经济利益,但是这些研究通常不涉及健康结果。城市树木、公园、庭院、露天场地以及其他附近的自然元素,统称为大都市自然环境,它们产生了许多积极的外部效益,但在城市的经济和政策中基本被忽视。在本综述中,我们提出了一系列的健康益处,包括效益范围和受益者。虽然目前对这些益处的认识尚不一致,而且在尝试把城市生态系统的服务价值和经济价值联系在一起的努力中可能不会包括所有文化和社会价值的表现形式,但我们急需发展新的跨学科方法,将环境健康和经济整合在一起。 [结论]大都市自然环境为生活在城市中的人群提供了多样化和实实在在的好处。在本综述中,我们强调需要建立评估方法和新的技术,以了解这些益处的潜在经济价值。
Multiplexed microRNA TG-FRET assay with isothermal and amplification-free single-step

Human genome encodes more than 2000 distinct microRNAs (MicroRNA database: http://www.mirbase.org/), a class of single-strand noncoding RNAs with a short length of 19 to 25 nucleotides [1]. They take part as regulatory factors in almost all biological processes from cell proliferation, differentiation to death. Since the alternation in the microRNA expression level can be associated with a number of pathological conditions like diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and cancer development, actual expression levels of one or more microRNAs can be regarded as next-generation biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, various methods and materials have been developed for the analysis of microRNAs [2].
Mantle-derived magmas:intraplate, hot-spots and mid-ocean ridges

Primary or parental magmas act as probes to infer eruption and source temperatures for both mid-ocean ridge (MOR) and ‘hot-spot’ magmas (tholeiitic picrites). The experimental petrogenetic constraints (‘inverse’ experiments) argue for no significant temperature differences between them. However, there are differences in major, minor and trace elements which characterise geochemical, not thermal, anomalies beneath ‘hot-spots’. We suggest that diapiric upwelling from interfaces (redox contrasts) between old subducted slab and normal MOR basalt source mantle is the major reason for the observed characteristics of island chain or ‘hot-spot’ volcanism. Intraplate basalts also include widely distributed volcanic centres containing lherzolite xenoliths, i.e. mantle-derived magmas. Inverse experiments on olivine basalt, alkali olivine basalt, olivine basanite, olivine nephelinite, olivine melilitite and olivine leucitite (lamproite) determined liquidus phases as a function of pressure, initially under anhydrous and CO_2-absent conditions. Under C- and H-absent conditions, only tholeiites to alkali olivine basalts had Ol + Opx ± Cpx as high-pressure liquidus phases. Addition of H_2O accessed olivine basanites at 2.5–3 GPa, ~1,200 °C, but both CO_2 and H_2O were necessary to obtain saturation with Ol, Opx, Cpx and Ga at 2.5–3.5 GPa for olivine nephelinite and olivine melilitite. The forward and inverse experimental studies are combined to formulate a petrogenetic grid for intraplate, ‘hot-spot’ and MOR magmatism within the plate tectonics paradigm. The asthenosphere is geochemically zoned by slow upward migration of incipient melt. The solidus and phase stabilities of lherzolite with very small water contents (<3,000 ppm) determine the thin plate behaviour of the oceanic lithosphere and thus the Earth’s convection in the form of plate tectonics. There is no evidence from the parental magmas of MOR and ‘hot-spots’ to support the ‘deep mantle thermal plume’ hypothesis. The preferred alternative is the presence of old subducted slabs, relatively buoyant and oxidised with respect to MORB source mantle and suspended or upwelling in or below the lower asthenosphere (and thus detached from overlying plate movement).
Numerical investigation of the moving liquid column coalescing with a droplet in triangular microchannels using CLSVOF method

The dynamic behavior of the moving liquid column coalescing with a sessile droplet in triangular microchannels is numerically investigated by using coupled volume of fluid with level set interface tracking method implemented in ANSYS Fluent 14.5 in conjunction with the continuum surface force model. It is found that for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchannels, the coalescence between the moving liquid column and droplet can accelerate the original liquid column movement as a result of the induced curvature that lowers the liquid pressure at the interface. As compared to the rectangular microchannel with the same hydraulic diameter, the triangular microchannel exhibits smaller velocity increment ratio because of stronger viscous effect. Simulation results also reveal that the velocity increment ratio increases with the contact angle in hydrophobic microchannels, but it is reverse in the hydrophilic microchannels. The effects of the droplet size, lengthways and transverse positions are also investigated in this work. It is shown that larger droplet and smaller distance between the droplet and inlet or the substrate center can result in larger velocity increment ratio as a result of higher surface energy and lower viscous dissipation energy, respectively. The results obtained in this study create a solid theoretical foundation for designing and optimizing microfluidic devices encountering such a typical phenomenon.
Nanoplasmonic waveguides:towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits

The properties of propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along one-dimensional metal structures have been investigated for more than 10 years and are now well understood. Because of the high confinement of electromagnetic energy, propagating SPPs have been considered to represent one of the best potential ways to construct next-generation circuits that use light to overcome the speed limit of electronics. Many basic plasmonic components have already been developed. In this review, researches on plasmonic waveguides are reviewed from the perspective of plasmonic circuits. Several circuit components are constructed to demonstrate the basic function of an optical digital circuit. In the end of this review, a prototype for an SPP-based nanochip is proposed, and the problems associated with building such plasmonic circuits are discussed. A plasmonic chip that can be practically applied is expected to become available in the near future.
On the instability of offshore foundations: theory and mechanism

As the offshore engineering moving from shallow to deep waters, the foundation types for fixed and floating platforms have been gradually evolving to minimize engineering costs and structural risks in the harsh offshore environments. Particular focus of this paper is on the foundation instability and its failure mechanisms as well as the relevant theory advances for the prevailing foundation types in both shallow and deep water depths. Piles, spudcans, gravity bases, suction caissons, and plate anchors are detailed in this paper. The failure phenomena and mechanisms for each type of foundations are identified and summarized, respectively. The theoretical approaches along with sophisticated empirical solutions for the bearing capacity problems are then presented. The major challenges are from flow-structure-soil coupling processes, rigorous constitutive modeling of cyclic behaviors of marine sediments, and the spatial variability of soil properties for large-spreading structures. Further researches are suggested to reveal the instability mechanisms for underpinning the evolution of offshore foundations.
Probabilistic total transfer capability analysis based on static voltage stability region integrated with a modified distributed-level nodal-loading model

In this paper, a new evaluation method of probabilistic TTC based on SVSR calculation is developed through a hierarchical simulation. A smooth technology based on the non-parametric kernel estimator is adapted to obtain the time-dependent probabilistic density function of the feeder-head load data. In order to describe possible operating change directions of the operating point, the original hyper-cone-like (HCL) model is constructed to consider the probabilistic distribution function (PDF) extracted from feeder-head load data to replace the simple Normal Distribution model and the uncertain generator outputs. To realize the fast TTC calculation of the current operating point in random conditions, a sub-hyper-cone-like (SHCL) model in full power injections space is proposed, which is a similarity transformation of the original one.
Development and experimental validation of a novel hybrid powertrain with dual planetary gear sets for transit bus applications

Given that energy conservation and environmental protection are two important goals for the automotive industry, the application of a hybrid electric powertrain can improve vehicle energy efficiency while decreasing fuel consumption and engine emissions. Planetary gear-based power-split hybrid powertrains have become widely used in passenger vehicles, but remain rarely employed on transit buses. This study proposes a novel hybrid powertrain based on two planetary gear sets (CHS) and presents its operating principles along with development of a control strategy for the powertrain. The CHS hybrid powertrain operates in electric mode when the driving power demand is low, and changes to a hybrid electric mode according to the power-split principle of the planetary gear set. To validate the feasibility of the designed CHS hybrid powertrain, a prototype transit bus equipped with the designed hybrid powertrain system was built, and the operating characteristics of the system were analyzed through a performance test conducted on a chassis dynamometer. Compared with a conventional powertrain, the CHS hybrid powertrain can reduce fuel consumption by 39%. Thus, the CHS hybrid powertrain is a good solution for heavy-duty applications such as hybrid transit buses because of its simple structure and excellent fuel efficiency.
On the material dependence of experimental shear fracture orientation

It is not uncommon to observe shear fractures in ductile rocks oriented at more than 45° with respect to the maximum compression direction. Since these orientations cannot be explained with the classic Mohr-Coulumb or Tresca yield criteria, Zheng et al. (Journal of Structural Geology, 35: 1394-1405, 2011) proposed the maximum effective moment (MEM) failure criterion. This rule suggests that shear fractures in ductile rocks form at ~55° with the maximum compression axis and that this orientation is material-independent and, therefore, universal. Zheng et al. (Science China: Earth Sciences, 57(11): 2819-2824, 2014) used data from our own experiments as supporting evidence of their failure criterion. In this contribution we discuss why shear fracture formation in ductile rocks indeed strongly depends on the mechanical properties of the deforming medium, and why experimental data should not be taken to prove the validity of the MEM criterion. The formation mechanisms and orientations of shear fractures in our experiments significantly vary depending on the material strength and degree and type of anisotropy (composite and intrinsic). We therefore demonstrate using experimental data that a universal failure angle in ductile and anisotropic rocks does not apply. Additionally, we highlight some inconsistencies of the MEM criterion.
Oxidation characteristics of boron particles

The oxidation characteristics of boron particles, boron-A with the diameter of 2.545 mm and boron-B with the diameter of 10.638 mm, at low temperature (<1500 K) have been investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared and mass spectra. A rapid oxidation stage of boron particles, followed by a slow oxidation stage of sintered particles, is found from the TG and DSC curves. The onset temperatures of the oxidation process of boron-A particles are in the range of 806-889 K, which are at least 105 K lower than those of boron-B at the same condition. As the partial pressure of oxygen increases from 5% to 35%, the onset temperature of boron-A or boron-B particles decreases. However, when the partial pressure of oxygen is above 35%, the onset temperature becomes constant, implying a saturation effect of oxygen on the reaction rate. It indicates that the chemical adsorption of oxygen, i.e. chemical reaction, on the particle surface is the rate-limited step at the beginning of the rapid oxidation stage. Therefore, the first-order chemical reaction model is used to simulate the oxidation of boron particles, even that of the sinter. The average activation energies of the particles are 291.3 kJ/mol for boron-A and 338.4 kJ/mol for boron-B. While the average activation energies of the sintered particles are 36.35 kJ/mol for boron-A and 31.87 kJ/mol for boron-B. The pre-exponential factor of the particles is ~10~4, while that of the sinter is 10~(-1). The oxidation rate constant of boron is qualitatively mainly affected by the specific surface of the sample and the thickness of the oxide layer.
In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.
Observations and analysis of environment and acoustic field changed by the passage of typhoon Damrey in the Yellow Sea in 2012

In order to investigate the environment and acoustic filed change induced by typhoon in shallow sea, we conducted two experiments just before and after the passage of typhoon Damrey, which is the strongest to affect the area north of the Yangtze River since 1949, in the Yellow sea in 2012. The data show that the temperature of the whole water column increases dramatically except the sea surface layer after the passage of Damrey while the salinity decreases obviously. The thermocline deepens and weakens, which leads to a change of internal wave activity. The transmission losses (TL) of the two experiments show that the environment change induced by typhoon can increase the TL as large as 8 dB at a distance of 9.2 km and depth of 15 m. The scintillation index (SI) of the sound intensity is simulated to estimate the change of the effect of internal wave activity on acoustic field showing that the SI decreases to a half after the typhoon's passage. The normal mode structures of the two experiments are also significantly different due to the thermocline changes. In addition, the signal arrives earlier after the typhoon's passage due to the water temperature increase.
An investigation into the three-dimensional cloud structure over East Asia from the CALIPSO-GOCCP Data

The spatial distribution of clouds and their seasonal variations, and the three-dimensional (3D) cloud structures over East Asia have been analyzed with the CALIPSO-GOCCP data during the period from 2007 to 2012. The results show that there is a large cloud fraction greater than 0.7 over southern China, and the largest cloud fraction appears in southwest China. Besides, a large cloud fraction occurs over the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. The total and high cloud fractions show notable variations with seasons, while the middle and low cloud fractions vary a little. As for cloud vertical structure, significant differences of the cloud vertical distributions are observed between over land and ocean. Cloud fractions and the height of the maximum cloud fractions decline gradually with the increasing latitude, except for the vertical-latitude profiles over the Tibetan Plateau regions. The longitude-vertical cross sections show similar patterns from the longitude 70° E to 140° E, except the profiles with large cloud fractions over the Tibetan Plateau. From the horizontal distribution patterns and vertical structures of the clouds over East Asia, it is concluded that the huge terrain of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impacts on the cloud formation over the Tibetan Plateau region and the areas to the east. At last, the clouds from the CALIPSO-GOCCP observations are compared to those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results indicate that the ERA-Interim reanalysis data provide reasonable spatial distribution patterns and the vertical structures in terms of the total cloud fraction over East Asia. However, the total cloud fraction was underestimated about 20% by the ERA-Interim reanalysis data over most parts of East Asia, especially over the neighboring areas east of the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, the ERA-interim reanalysis data overestimate the cloud fractions at each level in the vertical direction.
Opening new doors for understanding eukaryotic RNA splicing

Since the central dogma of molecular biology was proposed by Francis Crick in 1956, many fundamental discoveries have been made to strengthen or expand the theory for gene expression. Nowadays, we know that genetic information flow in a cell is a far more complicated process than the original succinct but explicit version. We now know that besides DNA duplication, DNA to RNA transcription, RNA to protein translation, there are also RNA to DNA transcription(reverse transcription), RNA to RNA replication, and RNA splicing and processing between the transcription and translation steps. Modifications and other processes to regulate and fine-tune gene expression have also been discovered in most recent years. All of these events are executed by multiple supramolecular machineries such as DNA and RNA polymerases, ribosomes, and spliceosomes. These machineries are normally multi-functional complexes composed of dozens of protein and RNA molecules and their activities are regulated by many other co-factor proteins or RNA molecules.
Study on the velocity structure of the crust in Southwest Yunnan of the north-south seismic belt-Results from the Menghai-Gengma-Lushui deep seismic sounding profile

Southwest Yunnan, located in the southern segment of the north-south seismic belt, is one of the regions with strong tectonic movement and seismic activity in China. Study on the characteristics of tectonic setting and deep geophysical field in the region is an important issue in basic science. In 2013, we conducted a 600-km-long Menghai-Gengma-Lushui profile of deep seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction and high-resolution seismic refraction in Southwest Yunnan. In this paper, we use 6 groups of clear intracrustal P-wave phases picked from the seismic record sections of 11 shots to build a velocity structure model of basement and 2D crustal P-wave of the region by using finite difference inversion and ray travel time forward fitting technology. The results show that, from south to north, the crust gradually thickens along the profile and its basement shows a significant lateral heterogeneity. In the vicinity of the Nanting River fault, the basement structure shows the character of alternate depressions and uplifts, and the shallowest basement is about 1.0 km. In the vicinity of Tengchong and Lancang, the basement is about 5.0 km deep. The velocity of the middle and lower crust in the region generally increases with the increasing of depth. At the block boundary and beneath the fault tectonic belt, the velocity contours show apparent irregularity and the P-wave velocity changes sharply. In this region, the Moho gradually deepens from south to north with relatively large lateral undulations. The shallowest point of the Moho is located near Menghai at a depth of about 32.0 km. The deepest point of the Moho is located near Tengchong at a depth of about 40.5 km. Between Gengma and Yongde, the Moho shows significantly fast uplifting and depressing with an amplitude of about 4.0 km. Beneath the Nanting River fault, Longling-Ruili fault, Dayingjiang fault and Tengchong volcano, the basement velocity structure, 2D crustal P-wave velocity structure, distribution of average profile velocity and intracrustal interface spreading also show significant changes from the basement to the top of the Moho, indicating that the crustal velocity and medium physical properties beneath the fault tectonic belt are apparently different from the crustal materials on its both sides, which suggests that these faults should be in a certain scale and may extend to the lower crust or the top of the upper mantle. The earthquakes in the region mainly occurred at a depth of 10-20 km, and the seismic activity is related to the intracrustal medium velocity difference and fault belt distribution. The results can serve as the important data of the crust-mantle structure for the analysis of the deep tectonic setting, earthquake precise positioning, seismogenic structure modeling of the seismic activities in Southwest Yunnan, as well as the important reference for the evaluation of seismic hazard and the planning of earthquake disaster mitigation of this region.
A significant carbon sink in temperate forests in Beijing:based on 20-year field measurements in three stands

Numerous efforts have been made to characterize forest carbon (C) cycles and stocks in various ecosystems. However, long-term observation on each component of the forest C cycle is still lacking. We measured C stocks and fluxes in three permanent temperate forest plots (birch, oak and pine forest) during 2011-2014, and calculated the changes of the components of the C cycle related to the measurements during 1992-1994 at Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China. Forest net primary production in birch, oak, and pine plots was 5.32, 4.53, and 6.73 Mg C ha~(-1) a~(-1), respectively. Corresponding net ecosystem production was 0.12, 0.43, and 3.53 Mg C ha~(-1) a~(-1). The C stocks and fluxes in 2011-2014 were significantly larger than those in 1992-1994 in which the biomass C densities in birch, oak, and pine plots increased from 50.0, 37.7, and 54.0 Mg C ha~(-1) in 1994 to 101.5, 77.3, and 110.9 Mg C ha~(-1) in 2014;soil organic C densities increased from 207.0, 239.1, and 231.7 Mg C ha~(-1) to 214.8, 241.7, and 238.4 Mg C ha~(-1);and soil heterotrophic respiration increased from 2.78, 3.49, and 1.81 Mg C ha~(-1) a~(-1) to 5.20, 4.10, and 3.20 Mg C ha~(-1) a~(-1). These results suggest that the mountainous temperate forest ecosystems in Beijing have served as a carbon sink in the last two decades. These observations of C stocks and fluxes provided field-based data for a long-term study of C cycling in temperate forest ecosystems.