mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Main controlling factors and enrichment area evaluation of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic marine strata in south China

The Lower Paleozoic shale in south China has a very high maturity and experienced strong tectonic deformation. This character is quite different from the North America shale and has inhibited the shale gas evaluation and exploration in this area. The present paper reports a comprehensive investigation of maturity, reservoir properties, fluid pressure, gas content, preservation conditions, and other relevant aspects of the Lower Paleozoic shale from the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. It is found that within the main maturity range (2.5 %
Geological characteristics and "sweet area" evaluation for tight oil

Tight oil has become the focus in exploration and development of unconventional oil in the world, especially in North America and China. In North America, there has been intensive exploration for tight oil in marine. In China, commercial exploration for tight oil in continental sediments is now steadily underway. With the discovery of China's first tight oil field—Xin'anbian Oilfield in the Ordos Basin, tight oil has been integrated officially into the category for reserves evaluation. Geologically, tight oil is characterized by distribution in depressions and slopes of basins, extensive, mature, and high-quality source rocks, large-scale reservoir space with micro- and nanopore throat systems, source rocks and reservoirs in close contact and with continuous distribution, and local "sweet area.'' The evaluation of the distribution of tight oil "sweet area'' should focus on relationships between "six features.'' These are source properties, lithology, physical properties, brittleness, hydrocarbon potential, and stress anisotropy. In North America, tight oil prospects are distributed in lamellar shale or marl, where natural fractures are frequently present, with TOC>4 %, porosity>7 %, brittle mineral content>50 %, oil saturation of 50 %-80 %, API>35°, and pressure coefficient>1.30. In China, tight oil prospects are distributed in lamellar shale, tight sandstone, or tight carbonate rocks, with TOC>2 %, porosity> 8 %, brittle mineral content>40 %, oil saturation of 60 %-90 %, low crude oil viscosity, or high formation pressure. Continental tight oil is pervasive in China and its preliminary estimated technically recoverable resources are about (20-25) × 10~8 t.
Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Tight sandstone gas serves as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource, and outstanding results have been obtained through its discovery both in China and abroad given its great resource potential. However, heated debates and gaps still remain regarding classification standards of tight sandstone gas, and critical controlling factors, accumulation mechanisms, and development modes of tight sandstone reservoirs are not determined. Tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China are generally characterized by tight strata, widespread distribution areas, coal strata supplying gas, complex gas-water relations, and abnormally low gas reservoir pressure. Water and gas reversal patterns have been detected via glass tube and quartz sand modeling, and the presence of critical geological conditions without buoyancy-driven mechanisms can thus be assumed. According to the timing of gas charging and reservoir tightening phases, the following three tight sandstone gas reservoir types have been identified:(a) "accumulation-densification" (AD), or the conventional tight type, (b) "densification-accumulation" (DA), or the deep tight type, and (c) the composite tight type. For the AD type, gas charging occurs prior to reservoir densification, accumulating in higher positions under buoyancy-controlled mechanisms with critical controlling factors such as source kitchens (S), regional overlaying cap rocks (C), gas reservoirs, (D) and low fluid potential areas (P). For the DA type, reservoir densification prior to the gas charging period (GCP) leads to accumulation in depressions and slopes largely due to hydrocarbon expansive forces without buoyancy, and critical controlling factors are effective source rocks (S), widely distributed reservoirs (D), stable tectonic settings (W) and universal densification of reservoirs (L). The composite type includes features of the AD type and DA type, and before and after reservoir densification period (RDP), gas charging and accumulation is controlled by early buoyancy and later molecular expansive force respectively. It is widely distributed in anticlinal zones, deep sag areas and slopes, and is controlled by source kitchens (S), reservoirs (D), cap rocks (C), stable tectonic settings (W), low fluid potential areas (P), and universal reservoir densification (L). Tight gas resources with great resource potential are widely distributed worldwide, and tight gas in China that presents advantageous reservoir-forming conditions is primarily found in the Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim, Junggar, and Turpan-Hami basins of central-western China. Tight gas has served as the primary impetus for global unconventional natural gas exploration and production under existing technical conditions.
Experimental investigation of shale imbibition capacity and the factors influencing loss of hydraulic fracturing fluids

Spontaneous imbibition of water-based fracturing fluids into the shale matrix is considered to be the main mechanism responsible for the high volume of water loss during the flowback period. Understanding the matrix imbibition capacity and rate helps to determine the fracturing fluid volume, optimize the flowback design, and to analyze the influences on the production of shale gas. Imbibition experiments were conducted on shale samples from the Sichuan Basin, and some tight sandstone samples from the Ordos Basin. Tight volcanic samples from the Songliao Basin were also investigated for comparison. The effects of porosity, clay minerals, surfactants, and KCl solutions on the matrix imbibition capacity and rate were systematically investigated. The results show that the imbibition characteristic of tight rocks can be characterized by the imbibition curve shape, the imbibition capacity, the imbibition rate, and the diffusion rate. The driving forces of water imbibition are the capillary pressure and the clay absorption force. For the tight rocks with low clay contents, the imbibition capacity and rate are positively correlated with the porosity. For tight rocks with high clay content, the type and content of clay minerals are the most important factors affecting the imbibition capacity. The imbibed water volume normalized by the porosity increases with an increasing total clay content. Smectite and illite/smectite tend to greatly enhance the water imbibition capacity. Furthermore, clay-rich tight rocks can imbibe a volume of water greater than their measured pore volume. The average ratio of the imbibed water volume to the pore volume is approximately 1.1 in the Niutitang shale, 1.9 in the Lujiaping shale, 2.8 in the Longmaxi shale, and 4.0 in the Yingcheng volcanic rock, and this ratio can be regarded as a parameter that indicates the influence of clay. In addition, surfactants can change the imbibition capacity due to alteration of the capillary pressure and wettability. A 10 wt% KCl solution can inhibit clay absorption to reduce the imbibition capacity.
带状疱疹后神经痛的疼痛、中枢敏化和焦虑之间的关系

急性带状疱疹常伴有感染相关性神经病理性疼痛。疼痛持续时间超过3 ～ 6个月时称为带状疱疹后神经痛（postherpetic neuralgia，PHN）。病程6个月以上、疼痛评分> 3分的PHN的发生率为2% ～ 5.1%。接种过水痘疫苗和抗病毒药物治疗的患者 PHN的发生率较低。
鼓室注射类固醇激素为初始疗法治疗突发性聋文献的Meta分析

目的系统评价鼓室内注入类固醇激素作为初始疗法治疗突发性聋的有效性与安全性。方法应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI) 、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM) 、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP) 、数字化期刊全文数据库(万方) 、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆(2014年第1期) 、Embase、Medline中关于鼓室内注入类固醇激素作为初始疗法治疗突发性聋的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trid,RCT)的文献,采用Cochrane评价员手册5.0.1提供的前瞻性对照研究(RCT)方法学质量评价标准进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的 RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入4篇RCT文献(235例患者)进行Meta分析,结果显示,鼓室内注入类固醇激素作为初始疗法治疗突发性聋有效,其RR=1.72,95%CI(1.12,2.65),P=0.01。4篇文献中仅英文文献报道了不良反应的出现情况,主要是轻微疼痛(4例)和短暂眩晕(6例) 。结论与安慰剂和其它疗法相比较,鼓室内注入类固醇激素作为初始疗法治疗突发性聋具有一定的效果,但安全性有待进一步研究,尚需更多严谨的大样本的前瞻性随机双盲对照试验进一步验证。
从名家验案探讨卵巢早衰的中医证治

卵巢早衰大都病因不清,治疗棘手,是一种严重影响妇女生殖健康及身心健康的卵巢功能衰退性疾病,其发病率呈逐年升高且向低龄化发展的趋势。中医学注重整体观念、辨证论治,临床治疗本病取得较满意的效果。故通过对近年来中医名家治疗该病的验案进行分析研究,归纳总结其病机特点以肾虚为主,且与脾虚气弱、肝郁血瘀、心肾不交密切关联,治疗用药以补肾填精为主,兼以健脾舒肝、活血宁心,同时注重身心同调。
变应原分子诊断研究进展

变应原分子(molecular-based allergy,MA)诊断是利用提取天然变应原组分和重组技术在分子层次上来辨别致敏的MA 诊断,也称组分解决诊断(component resolved diagnostics,CRD)。随着19世纪80年代DNA 技术的发展和应用,MA 不断被识别克隆,很多过敏性疾病的致病因素也被识别,促进了人类对变应原特征的了解和疫苗的发展,还给变态反应免疫机制的研究带来极大的进步。本文对MA 的主要致敏作用及其与变应性疾病临床症状之间的关系进行综述。
Search Space Pruning Based on Image Tools for Preliminary Interplanetary Trajectory Design

A novel gravity assist space pruning(GASP)algorithm based on image tools is proposed for solving interplanetary trajectory optimization problem.Compared with traditional GASP algorithm,the concept of image is introduced to avoid missing interesting solutions with appropriate number of function evaluations.Image tools allow us to evaluate the objective function in regions in place of points and provide an effective way to evaluate the forward and backward constraints for the multi-gravity assist trajectory optimization problem.Since the interesting solutions of the interplanetary trajectory optimization problem are often clustered in a small portion of the search space rather than being overall evenly distributed,the regionwise evaluations with image tools make the little large interval with the proper Lipschitzian tolerances sampling effective.The detailed steps of the proposed method are presented and two examples including Earth Venus Mars(EVM)transfer and Earth Venus Venus Earth Jupiter Saturn(EVVEJS)transfer are given.Finally,a comparison with solutions given by the literature demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Design of Ballistic Consistency Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine and Particle Swarm Optimization

In order to improve the firing efficiency of projectiles,it is required to use the universal firing table for gun weapon system equipped with a variety of projectiles.Moreover,the foundation of sharing the universal firing table is the ballistic matching for two types of projectiles.Therefore,a method is proposed in the process of designing new type of projectile.The least squares support vector machine is utilized to build the ballistic trajectory model of the original projectile,thus it is viable to compare the two trajectories.Then the particle swarm optimization is applied to find the combination of trajectory parameters which meet the criterion of ballistic matching best. Finally,examples show the proposed method is valid and feasible.
Generation Mechanism of Inhomogeneous Minority Carrier Lifetime Distribution in High Quality mc-SiWafers and the Impacts on Electrical Performance of Wafers and Solar Cells

To find out the causation of inhomogeneous minority carrier lifetime distribution in high quality multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers, impurities and lattice defects were systematically studied by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and metallography. Inhomogeneously distributed oxygen impurity and dislocations were demonstrated to be key leading factors, and the restriction mechanism was discussed. Scattering process caused by ionized impurities and dislocations decreased carrier mobility, while carrier concentration was not significantly affected. Measurements showed that resistivity was higher and more dispersive in low lifetime area. Solar cells were fabricated with these wafers. Cells' efficiency of inhomogeneous ones exhibited averagely 0.27% lower than the regular ones in absolute terms. Recombination centers and leakage loss induced by dislocations and impurities led to the reduction in shunt resistors and open-circuit voltage, and then affected the performance of cells.
羟基多氯联苯对大鼠磺基转移酶1A1和2A3抑制作用的差异

目的多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是一类具有重要毒理学作用的持久性有机污染物,经肝脏代谢可形成羟基多氯联苯(hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls,OH-PCBs); 本研究旨在探讨OH-PCBs 对大鼠磺基转移酶(SULT) 1A1和SULT2A3活性的影响。方法大鼠SULT1A1和SULT2A3分别从重组表达的大肠杆菌制备,以亲和层析法纯化; 在SULT1A1和SULT2A3催化其底物2-萘酚和脱氢表雄酮形成硫酸基结合物(以3',5'-二磷酸腺苷的形成测定酶活性)的基础上,观察7个OH-PCBs 对上述反应的影响。结果受试物均能明显抑制大鼠SULT1A1活性,尤以3,5-二氯-4-羟基结构的OH-PCBs 作用(以半数抑制浓度衡量)作用强度为高。相反,各受试OH-PCBs 对大鼠SULT2A3缺乏强烈作用,仅3个化合物在溶解度范围达到对其完全抑制。结论OH-PCBs 可能选择性抑制大鼠SULT 中的 SULT1A1亚型,而3,5-二氯-4-羟基结构与特别强的抑制作用有关。本研究结果提示在PCBs 染毒大鼠的试验中 SULT1A1的作用可能受到抑制。
微波辐射对家兔心肌细胞氧化应激及凋亡的影响

目的探讨不同强度微波辐射对家兔心肌细胞氧化损伤和凋亡的影响,并初步分析其作用机制。方法分别以强度为50、100、150和200 mW/cm~2,频率为2 450 MHz 微波照射家兔20 min,照射后6 h,取家兔心脏,检测心肌细胞SOD 活性、MDA 含量和GSH-Px 活性的变化。细胞分析仪检测心肌细胞凋亡的情况,Western blot 检测心肌细胞内 p65、IκB-α 蛋白表达的变化。结果同对照组相比,随着微波辐射强度(100、150和200 mW/cm~2)的增加,辐射组心肌细胞SOD 活性呈现降低趋势(P < 0. 05),MDA 含量呈现升高趋势(P < 0. 05),GSH-Px 活性呈现下降趋势(P < 0. 05),心肌细胞早期凋亡率明显升高(P < 0. 05) 。Western blot 结果显示,微波辐射后心肌细胞p65蛋白表达明显升高(P < 0. 05),而IκB-α 蛋白的表达呈现降低趋势(P < 0. 05) 。结论微波辐射能够引起家兔心肌细胞氧化应激水平的改变,从而导致细胞凋亡,该过程可能与NF-κB 信号通路的激活有关。
稻草必克对牛蛙心脏功能和红细胞的影响

目的研究稻草必克对牛蛙心脏功能和血红细胞的影响。方法以任氏液作为对照溶液,通过蛙心灌流、生物机能采集系统和微核实验研究了0. 0004 g /L 到0. 0128 g /L 等不同浓度的稻草必克溶液对牛蛙心脏的收缩频率、收缩力、外周血红细胞数和红细胞微核率的影响。结果较高浓度(≥0. 0032 g /L)稻草必克对牛蛙心脏收缩频率有较大的影响,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P !0. 05或P !0. 001) 。牛蛙心脏的收缩力随着稻草必克浓度(0. 0004 ~ 0. 0128 g /L)的增加而下降。当稻草必克浓度超过0. 0016 g /L 时,牛蛙外周血红细胞数减少,而血红细胞微核率上升,具有一定的剂量-效应,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05; P < 0. 01) 。结论除草剂稻草必克对牛蛙心脏功能和血细胞具有一定的影响。
固本平喘汤对老年哮喘患者肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的:观察老年哮喘慢性持续性发作期采用中药方剂固本平喘汤治疗的临床疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法:根据就诊顺序将贵州省人民医院呼吸内科2012年8月至2014年3月收治的89例老年支气管哮喘患者分为观察组(45例)和对照组(44例),对照组采用常规疗法,观察组在对照组基础上加用固本平喘汤,比较两组患者治疗4周后的临床疗效及生活质量差异。结果:治疗后两组患者各项肺功能指标、中医证候积分、ACT评分较治疗前均显著改善(P < 0. 05),观察组改善较对照组更加显著(P < 0. 05);治疗后两组患者各项生活质量评分均显著高于治疗前(P < 0. 05),观察组患者心理情绪、自我健康关心显著高于对照组(P < 0. 05);观察组总有效率为93. 33%,显著高于对照组的77. 27%(P < 0. 05) 。结论:老年哮喘慢性持续性发作期采用固本平喘汤结合常规疗法能显著改善患者肺功能、哮喘症状及生活质量,进一步提高临床疗效。
气滞胃痛颗粒防治反流性胃炎的药效及作用机制初步研究

目的:从胃黏膜保护及促进胃肠蠕动角度阐述气滞胃痛颗粒防治反流性胃炎的作用,并从代谢组学角度初步阐述其作用机制。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、莫沙必利组及气滞胃痛颗粒低、中、高剂量组,采用幽门结扎法结合胃内注射小肠液复制反流性胃炎模型,观察各组胃黏膜病理损伤程度及胃系数,并采用ELISA法测定血清GAS、MTL的含量。应用HPLC-MS /MS技术,初步确定各组血清中内源性代谢物差异及相关代谢通路。结果:模型组较正常对照组胃系数升高,胃黏膜损伤严重,血清GAS、MTL含量显著降低(P < 0. 05),气滞胃痛颗粒中、高剂量组及莫沙必利组较模型组胃系数降低,损伤程度低,血清GAS、MTL含量升高,且与正常对照组相近。同时确定气滞胃痛颗粒可通过调控D-Tryptophan、Sphinganine等内源性代谢物变化,影响体内色氨酸、苯丙氨酸及鞘磷脂代谢。结论:气滞胃痛颗粒具有明显的胃黏膜保护及促进胃肠蠕动作用,从内源性代谢角度确定其具有多靶点,抗耐药等优势,可作为防治反流性胃炎的潜在药物。
板蓝根丰产优质高效栽培适宜密度研究

目的:探索板蓝根丰产优质高效栽培最佳密度。方法:采用等距回归设计,得出板蓝根最佳密度回归方程,计算最高产量合理密度及最佳经济收益。结果:获得板蓝根优化栽培最佳密度回归方程Y = 663. 79 + 16. 53X - 0. 72X~2,最高产量及收益合理密度为1. 5 ~ 2. 2万株/667 m~2,预测鲜根产量为721. 6 kg /667 m~2,经济收益2 270. 77元/667 m~2,(R,S)-告依春含量0. 335% ~ 0. 359%,质量优于中国药典标准。结论:旱作雨养农业区板蓝根高效栽培适宜密度应为1. 5 ~ 2. 2万株/667 m~2,这一研究结果可指导该区域板蓝根丰产优质高效规范化栽培的生产实践。
短瓣石竹茎段诱导及植株再生研究

目的:建立短瓣石竹组织培养及植株再生体系。方法:以短瓣石竹幼嫩茎段为外植体,进行不定芽诱导、增殖、壮苗生根及驯化移栽等组织培养试验研究,探讨了不同生长阶段、不同的基本培养基、不同浓度的生长调节剂等因素对短瓣石竹离体培养再生体系的影响。结果:茎段诱导最佳培养基为6-BA 1. 0 mg /L + NAA 0. 1 mg /L;在试管苗繁殖培养中,应同时添加6-BA、NAA和IAA,较好的激素配比为6-BA 1. 0 mg /L + NAA 0. 5 mg /L + IAA 0. 3 mg /L,短瓣石竹培养30 d繁殖系数为6. 1;在壮苗培养中,激素组合为6-BA 0. 8 mg /L + NAA 1. 0 mg /L效果较为理想,培养30 d二次繁殖系数为2. 9;生根壮苗培养基以1 /2MS + IBA 0. 1 mg /L + NAA 1. 0 mg /L效果最好,组培苗生根率为100%;以珍珠岩∶泥炭土∶黄土(1∶ 1∶ 1)作为移栽基质效果最好, 30 d移栽成活率为89. 41%以上。结论:筛选出各个组织培养阶段的最佳激素组合,总结出短瓣石竹幼苗快速繁殖的方法,促进短瓣石竹离体再生技术的完善。
重型颅脑损伤并发脑积水的治疗体会

从本组治疗结果来看，脑室穿刺外引流术在改善重型颅脑损伤脑室出血急性脑积水患者临床症状、提高抢救成功率和出院后生活质量具有较好的效果。关于重型颅脑损伤脑室出血急性脑积水的临床治疗，认为早发现、早诊断和早治疗是治疗的基本原则。脑室穿刺外引流术是目前临床上治疗重型颅脑损伤脑室出血急性脑积水的可靠方法。该方法操作简单，技术要求相对不高。但是在运用脑室穿刺外引流术前，必须准确掌握颅内压情况。一般在术前，需要头颅CT 检查并结合颅内压测定。在术中，则要密切关注脑脊液外滴滴速变化，防止滴速过快和过慢情况。过快可能会导致颅内压快速下降；过慢则可能导致颅内压降压效果不好，引发继发脑室扩大。术后给予抗炎，脱水，抗癫痫，等药物治疗，拔除引流管后，则需要加强常规监测，要密切观察患者症状，并且注意防止感染等。
芎麻滴丸对血管性认知障碍过程中细胞凋亡及Caspase-3、Fas 蛋白的影响

目的探讨芎麻滴丸对脑缺血致血管性认知障碍(VCI)发病过程中神经元细胞凋亡和Caspase-3、Fas 凋亡蛋白动态变化的干预机制。方法采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉(2-VO)的方法建立VCI 大鼠模型,于模型建立前3 d给予不同剂量的芎麻滴丸及阳性对照药,分别于术后7、14、28、42 d 采用TUNEL 法检测海马CA1区神经元凋亡,用免疫组织化学法检测脑组织Caspase-3、Fas 蛋白表达。结果与假手术组相比,7、14、28、42 d 模型组大鼠海马中均出现凋亡细胞(P < 0. 01),7、28、42 d 模型组Caspase-3阳性表达显著升高(P < 0. 01),14 d 和28 d 模型组Fas阳性表达显著升高(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01); 与模型组相比,7、28、42 d 时芎麻滴丸0. 375 ~ 1. 5 g /kg 剂量组和银杏叶片组,14 d 芎麻滴丸0. 375 g /kg 剂量组和银杏叶片组凋亡细胞均显著减少(P < 0. 01),与模型组相比,除7 d 银杏叶片组和14 d 芎麻滴丸1. 5 g /kg 组外,7、14、28、42 d 芎麻滴丸0. 375 ~ 1. 5 g /kg 组及银杏叶片组Caspase-3阳性表达均显著降低(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01),14、28 d 芎麻滴丸0. 375 ~ 0. 75 g /kg 量组和银杏叶片组,28 d 芎麻滴丸1. 5 g /kg剂量组Fas 阳性表达显著降低(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01)。结论脑缺血致VCI 过程中会通过Fas 信号途径伴随有诱导细胞凋亡,且Fas 的过度表达时间早于Caspase-3。芎麻滴丸可以抑制VCI 发病过程中细胞凋亡的发生,其机制与抑制凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Fas 有关,以芎麻滴丸0. 375 g /kg 剂量效果最为显著,在脑缺血初期使用药物进行干预更有助于延缓或阻止VCI 的发生。
中药浸膏粉物理性质及其表征方法的研究进展

中药浸膏粉作为中间体,已广泛应用于中成药的生产,其物理性质将直接影响到制剂生产储存的各个环节。本文总结了现阶段国内外关于中药浸膏粉物理性质及其表征方法的研究进展,以期为从事相关研究的科研人员提供参考。
脊椎减压治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

腰椎间盘突出症主要指椎间盘纤维环破裂，突出髓核组织压迫和刺激一侧或双侧坐骨神经、马尾神经，并引起以疼痛、活动受限为主要表现的一系列症状及体征。腰椎间盘突出症是骨科及康复科门诊常见疾病，随着当前人们工作生活方式转变，腰椎间盘突出症患者发病年龄有年轻化趋势。目前研究认为，绝大多数腰椎间盘突出症患者疼痛是由于关节和肌肉组织力学稳定性发生改变所致；牵引是腰椎间盘突出症非手术疗法中最常用方法之一，其疗效已得到临床验证。本研究拟从腰部肌肉生物力学角度量化评定脊椎减压治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效，现报道如下。
THEORY AND APPLICATION OF FRACTIONAL STEP CHARACTERISTIC FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD IN NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SECOND ORDER ENHANCED OIL PRODUCTION

A kind of second-order implicit fractional step characteristic finite difference method is presented in this paper for the numerically simulation coupled system of enhanced (chemical) oil production in porous media. Some techniques, such as the calculus of variations, energy analysis method, commutativity of the products of difference operators, decomposition of high-order difference operators and the theory of a priori estimates are introduced and an optimal order error estimates in l~2 norm is derived. This method has been applied successfully to the numerical simulation of enhanced oil production in actual oilfields, and the simulation results are quite interesting and satisfactory.
ON THE BOUNDEDNESS AND THE NORM OF A CLASS OF INTEGRAL OPERATORS

The boundedness and the norm of a class of integral operators T_(a,b,c) on L_λ~p spaces are studied in this paper. The author not only gives the sufficient and necessary condition for the boundedness of T_(a,b,c) on L_λ~p, but also obtains its accurate norm on L_λ~p for some range under the condition of c = n + a + b.
急性缺氧后肌阵挛2例报道并文献复习

缺氧后肌阵挛(PHM)是由各种原因导致的低氧事件发生后出现的一种非进行性脑病,临床主要表现为面部、肢体和躯干短暂而快速的抽动。根据发生时间可分为急性和慢性,急性者称为肌阵挛状态,多发生于心脏停搏24~72 h,多数预后不良;慢性者发生于心脏停搏后数日或数周之后,称为Lance-Adams综合征,预后较急性好[1]。急性缺氧后肌阵挛(APHM)多见于成人,儿科病例目前仅国外有几例报道[2-3],国内尚未见报道。本研究报道儿童APHM 2例及其脑电图(EEG)改变,探索EEG在APHM诊断及预后中的应用价值。
高原性红细胞增多症及睡眠呼吸暂停综合征致IgA肾病1例报告

真性红细胞增多症的治疗包括使用药物如马法兰、羟基脲、α-干扰素、阿那格雷及静脉放血疗法等。而继发性红细胞增多症则需去除致病因素,如本例患者可移居平原,给予呼吸机辅助通气改善缺氧,辅以抗凝、改善循环等处理,未使用激素或免疫抑制剂,尿蛋白明显下降,对于该类肾病综合征的患者,不能常规应用激素或免疫抑制剂,治疗原发病因(如红细胞增多症)是关键。
Highly Enantioselective Intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction Catalyzed by Mannose-Based Thiourea-phosphine

The saccharide-based chiral bifunctional thiourea-phosphines were developed as chiral organocatalysts for the intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction of ω-formyl-enones. With only 2 mol% of thiourea-phosphine catalyst 3c, chiral functionalized cyclohexenes were achieved under mild reaction conditions with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Visible Light Excitable SCN~– Selective Fluorescence Probe Derived from Thiophene

An efficient fluorescence probe, 4-methyl-2,6-bis((thiophen-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol (DFPTMA) and its SCN~– adduct has been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques like ~1H NMR,~(13)CNMR, QTOF-MS ES~+, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray structure of DFPTMA is reported. In presence of SCN~–, DFPTMA exhibits significant fluorescence enhancement (λ_(Ex), 455 nm, λ_(Em), 504 nm) in aqueous methanol (water-methanol, 1∶4, V/V, 0.1 mol/L HEPES buffer, pH 7.4). Common bio-relevant anions viz. CH_3COO~–, NO_2~-, NO_3~-, Cl~–, Br~–, I~–, SO_4~(2-), HSO_4~-, N_3~-, HAsO_4~(2-), Cr_2O_7~(2-), H_2PO_4~-, ClO_4~-, NCO~–,CN~–, CO_3~(2-), F~–, PO_4~(3-), S~(2-), HS~- do not interfere in the recognition of SCN~–. Lowest detection limit for SCN~– is 0.88 μmol/L with response time <5 min. The SCN~– assisted enhancement in emission intensity may be attributed to the formation of H-bond which enhances the rigidity of the molecular assembly.
Amodified variable rate particle filter for maneuvering target tracking

To address the problem of maneuvering target tracking, where the target trajectory has prolonged smooth regions and abrupt maneuvering regions, a modified variable rate particle filter (MVRPF) is proposed. First, a Cartesian-coordinate based variable rate model is presented. Compared with conventional variable rate models, the proposed model does not need any prior knowledge of target mass or external forces. Consequently, it is more convenient in practical tracking applications. Second, a maneuvering detection strategy is adopted to adaptively adjust the parameters in MVRPF, which helps allocate more state points at high maneuver regions and fewer at smooth regions. Third, in the presence of small measurement errors, the unscented particle filter, which is embedded in MVRPF, can move more particles into regions of high likelihood and hence can improve the tracking performance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Characterization of Drought and Its Assessment over Sindh, Pakistan During 1951-2010

Drought is one of the complex meteorological disasters affecting water resources, agriculture, livestock, and socioeconomic patterns of a region. Although drought prediction is difficult, it can be monitored based on climatological information. In this study, we provide high spatiotemporal resolution drought climatology, using observational, gridded precipitation data (0.5°x0.5°) from the Global Precipitation Climatological Center and soil moisture data from the Climate Prediction Center for the 60-yr period 1951-2010. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) based on a fitted Gamma distribution and Run method has been calculated from the regional drought identification model (ReDIM) for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. The results show strong temporal correlations among anomalies of precipitation, soil moisture, and SPI. Analysis of long-term precipitation data reveals that the drought vulnerability concentrates on monsoon season (July-September), which contributes 72.4% and 82.1% of the annual precipitation in northern and southern Sindh, respectively. Annual and seasonal analyses show no significant changes in the observed precipitation. The category classification criteria are defined to monitor/forecast drought in the selected area. Further analysis identifies two longest episodes of drought, i.e., 1972-1974 and 2000-2002, while 1969, 1974, 1987, and 2002 are found to be the most severe historical drought years. A drought hazard map of Sindh was developed, in which 10 districts are recognized as highly vulnerable to drought. This study helps to explain the time, duration, intensity, and frequency of meteorological droughts over Sindh as well as its neighboring regions, and provides useful information to disaster management agencies and forecasters for assessing both the regional vulnerability of drought and its seasonal predictability in Pakistan.