mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Concentrated solar energy – the path for efficient thermal conversion to power and fuels

Concentrated solar energy provides an unlimited clean source of high-temperature process heat. It can be therefore used for power generation by driving heat engines, as well as for fuel production by driving endothermic chemical transformations [1]. Currently, the main optical configurations to concentrate the direct (beam) solar radiation at large scale are the line-focussing parabolic trough and linear Fresnel systems, and the point-focussing solar tower and dish systems. They are characterized in terms of their solar flux concentration ratio C – the solar radiative power over the solar receiver’s aperture area at the focal plane, normalized with respect to the direct normal irradiation (DNI). C is typically at the level of 100 and 1,000 suns for line-focusing and point-focusing optical configurations, respectively. These solar concentrating systems have been proven to be technically feasible in large-scale commercial applications aimed at electricity generation in which a heat transfer fluid, typically air, water, synthetic oil, helium, sodium, or molten salt, is solar-heated and further used to drive conventional Rankine, Brayton, and Stirling heat engines in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. On the other hand, solar thermochemical fuel processing, referred here as concentrated solar fuel (CSF) plants, are not as far developed as CSP, but they employ the same aforementioned solar concentrating systems.
Tackling on environmental changes in Tibetan Plateau with focus on water, ecosystem and adaptation

The Tibetan Plateau represents a unique landform with an average elevation that is higher than 4,000m above sea level. Also known as the roof of the world and the AsianWater Tower, this topography preserves the largest ice mass as the solid water outside the Arctic and Antarctica. The Tibetan Plateau is a natural laboratory for research on multi-sphere interactions and for the study of humannature relationship. China conducted the first large and longstanding scientific expedition to this area between the 1970s and the 1990s and achieved fruitful scientific results.
Superconductivity above 28 K in single unit cell FeSe films interfaced with GaO_(2-δ) layer on NdGaO_3(1 1 0)

The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in single unit cell (UC) FeSe on TiO_(2-δ) terminated perovskite SrTiO_3(0 0 1) substrates [1] has attracted intensive attention on searching for new superconducting systems with engineered interfaces as well as understanding the mechanism of interface high temperature superconductivity. In stark contrast to bulk FeSe—a superconductor with transition temperature T_c ~ 8 K at ambient pressure [2], the single UC FeSe on SrTiO_3(0 0 1) becomes superconducting at T_c ~ 65 K [3–5] or higher [6,7], holding the record T_c among all known Fe-based superconductors. The superconducting gap is enhanced by one order of magnitude compared to the value of bulk FeSe, i.e. 20 meV [1] vs. 2.2 meV [8]. What is more interesting is that monolayer FeSe on several TiO_(2-δ) terminated substrates, such as BaTiO_3 [9], SrTiO_3(1 1 0) [10–12] and TiO_2 [13,14], exhibit similarly high transition temperatures, despite the variation of lattice constant [15,16]. The common features shared by all these 1-UC FeSe/TiO_(2-δ) systems are the enlarged electron pockets at the Brillouin zone (BZ) corners [3,17,18] and emergent replica bands 90–100 meV from the main bands [11,14,18]. They indicate that FeSe is electron-doped and the electrons therein couple with Ti-O stretching phonons [19,20], respectively. On the other hand, electron-doped FeSe systems, such as K-coated multilayer FeSe, exhibit similar Fermi surfaces but universally lower T_c (<45 K) and smaller superconducting gaps (<14 meV) [21–24]. This difference indicates that interface electron-phonon interaction plays an important role in further enhancing superconductivity by cooperatively mediating the cooper pairing [15,16,18,22,25].
CsPbI_(2.25)Br_(0.75) solar cells with 15.9% efficiency

Organic-inorganic perovskite (ABX_3) solar cells (PSCs) have attracted wide interest in recent years [1]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased up to 23.7% (NREL Best Research- Cell Efficiency Chart, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html, Accessed January 2019). However, organic-inorganic PSCs suffer from poor thermal stability due to the volatile organic A-site cations. Recently, all-inorganic perovskite materials CsPbX_3 (X = I, Br) have received great attention due to their remarkable thermal stability [2]. The inorganic perovskites without volatile components now become promising materials for PSCs. Besides, CsPbI_(3-x)Br_x perovskite materials show tunable bandgaps from 1.73 to 2.3 eV when x changes from 0 to 3. This makes it possible to fabricate tandem solar cells by combining with silicon solar cells or narrow bandgap organic solar cells.
A dendrite-free Li plating host towards high utilization of Li metal anode in Li–O_2 battery

The intense interest of Li–O_2 battery stems from its ultrahigh theoretical energy density, but its application is still hindered by the issues of Li anode. Herein, RuO_2-CNTs composite, a conventional O_2 cathode catalyst in Li–O_2 battery, is first utilized as an anode host for dendrite-free Li plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency. It is demonstrated that such excellent plating/stripping performance arises from the lithiophilicity characteristic of Ru nanoparticles (that is derived from the in-situ electrochemical conversion from RuO_2 to Ru/Li2O) and buffer space provided by CNTs. Furthermore, the RuO_2-CNTs electrode pre-deposited with limited Li (RuO_2-CNTs@Li anode) is coupled with a RuO_2-CNTs catalytic cathode to form a Li–O_2 full cell, which displays an extended cycle life with dramatically improved energy density.The achieved cell shows a high stability of 200 cycles with RuO_2-CNTs@Li anode (1 mg Li) that sheds light on the efficient utilization of Li anode in Li–O_2 batteries.
A novel undifferentiated spermatogonia-specific surface protein 1 (USSP1) in neonatal mice

Mammalian spermatogenesis is maintained by a rare population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are important for male fertility. SSCs remain a subset of undifferentiated spermatogonia, which can be isolated by a combination of surface markers. Specific markers to identify and isolate undifferentiated spermatogonia are lacking. Ussp1, a transcript previously annotated as long noncoding RNA (RIKEN cDNA 4933427D06, Gene ID: 232217), virtually encodes a membrane protein, USSP1, in a highly testisspecific manner in mouse. We demonstrate its expression on the membrane of undifferentiated spermatogonia by a homemade polyclonal rabbit antibody against the protein. In vivo, USSP1~+ clusters consist mainly of As, Apr (GFRα1~+) and Aal (PLZF~+) cells. USSP1~+ cells exhibit enrichment of undifferentiated spermatogonia, as shown by increased expression of SSC self-renewal molecular markers and the potential to form SSC clones in vitro and in vivo. However, Ussp1 knockout did not affect the number of SSCs or spermatogenesis in mice. Thy1~+ cells from Ussp1 null mice did not show any defect in the SSC colony formation capacity, indicating that USSP1 is not essential for SSC self-renewal. Our data demonstrate that Ussp1 is specifically expressed in undifferentiated murine spermatogonia, indicating the potential to sort undifferentiated spermatogonia with USSP1 antibodies. Ussp1 might be a good maker for SSC enrichment in neonatal mice.
Rapid thermal sensors with high resolution based on an adaptive dual-comb system

We report a high-resolution rapid thermal sensing based on adaptive dual comb spectroscopy interrogated with a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(PFBG). In comparison with traditional dual-comb systems, adaptive dual-comb spectroscopy is extremely simplified by removing the requirement of strict phase-locking feedback loops from the dual-comb configuration. Instead, two free-running fiber lasers are adopted as the light sources. Because of good compensation of fast instabilities with adaptive techniques, the optical response of the PFBG is precisely characterized through a fast Fourier transform of the interferograms in the time domain. Single-shot acquisition can be accomplished rapidly within tens of milliseconds at a spectral resolution of 0.1 pm, corresponding to a thermal measurement resolution of 0.01 ℃. The optical spectral bandwidth of the measurement also exceeds 14 nm, which indicates a large dynamic temperature range. It shows great potential for thermal sensing in practical outdoor applications with a loose self-control scheme in the adaptive dual-comb system.
Optical properties of Weyl semimetals

The behavior of electrons in ordinary metals is dominated by physics near the Fermi surface. Indeed, many of the first successes of the quantum theory of solids, such as understanding the large specific heat of metals, followed from applications of the Fermi surface concept. Great effort has been devoted in recent years to semimetals in which the Fermi surface shrinks to a set of Dirac or Weyl points, where four or two bands cross respectively. 3D crystals with both kinds of band structure have been found in recent years, which completes a search that began in the 1930s with the work of Conyers Herring.
Molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides for lithium/sodium-ion batteries: Beyond MoS_2

Molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage and conversion due to their outstanding physicochemical and electrochemical properties. There are intensive studies on molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides for energy storage and conversion, however, there is no systematic review on the applications of WS_2, MoSe_2 and WSe_2 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), except MoS_2. Considering the importance of these contents, it is extremely necessary to overview the recent development of novel layered WS_2, MoSe_2 and WSe_2 beyond MoS_2 in energy storage. Here, we will systematically overview the recent progress of WS_2, MoSe_2 and WSe_2 as anode materials in LIBs and SIBs. This review will also discuss the opportunities, and perspectives of these materials in the energy storage fields.
Electrospun CoSe@N-doped carbon nanofibers with highly capacitive Li storage

One-dimensional nano-structured materials have attracted attention due to its unique properties afforded such as the across-linked structures and large aspect ratios. In this work, one-dimensional CoSe@Ndoped carbon nanofibers(CoSe@NC NFs) are successfully by combining the techniques of electrospinning and annealing. Selenium powder are directly dispersed in the polyacrylonitrile /N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF) solution containing cobalt salt to form the product. The performance of these materials was investigated in Li-ion batteries after the annealing at different temperatures. The CoSe@NC nanofibers annealed at 550 ℃(CoSe@NC-550) and displayed excellent storage properties, affording a high capacity of 796mAh·g~(–1) at a current density of 1 A·g~(–1) for 100 cycles. Moreover, it is confirmed that the pseudocapacitive contribution of CoSe@NC-550 is up to 72.8% at the scan rate of 1mV/s through the cyclic voltammetry analysis.
Cancer stem-like cells directly participate in vasculogenic mimicry channels in triple-negative breast cancer

Objective: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels that are lined by tumor cells are a functional blood supply in malignant tumors. However, the role of VM-initiating cells remains poorly understood. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are positively correlated with VM. In this study, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) enriched with CSCs was used to investigate the relationship between VM and CSCs. Methods: The expression of several CSC markers was detected by immunohistochemistry in 100 human breast cancer samples. The clinical significance of CSC markers and the relationship between VM, CSCs, breast cancer subtypes, and VM-associated proteins were analyzed. CD133+ and ALDH+ human and mouse TNBC cells were isolated by FACS to examine the ability of VM formation and the spatial relationship between VM and CSCs. Results: CSCs were associated with TNBC subtype and VM in human invasive breast cancer. CSCs in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells formed more VM channels and expressed more molecules promoting VM than the non-TNBC MCF-7 cells in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells that encircled VM channels on Matrigel expressed CD133. Moreover, CSCs were located near VM channels in the 3D reconstructed blood supply system in human TNBC grafts. The CD133+ and ALDH+ cells isolated from TA2 mouse breast cancer formed more VM channels in vivo. Conclusions: CSCs line VM channels directly. Additionally, CSCs provide more VM-related molecules to synergize VM formation. The signaling pathways that control CSC differentiation may also be potential treatment targets for TNBC.
慢性泪囊炎合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎同期手术疗效评估

慢性泪囊炎为眼科常见病,鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术是其主要手术方式。临床上慢性泪囊炎患者多合并不同程度鼻部疾病,需前期先处理鼻部病变,二期再行泪囊鼻腔造孔术,近年来,随着鼻内镜技术的发展,同期鼻内镜下行鼻腔鼻窦手术及泪囊鼻腔造孔术逐渐在临床上展开,但其疗效仍需进一步证实。本研究中对接受鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术的慢性泪囊炎合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的术后疗效进行总结。
Influence of liquid water content on wind turbine blade icing by numerical simulation

In order to research the influence of liquid water content(LWC) on blade icing of wind turbine, a numerical simulation method for blade icing was established. The numerical simulation was based on low speed viscous N-S equation. The trajectory equation of water droplets was established by Lagrangian method. The mass and energy conservation equations of the water droplets impacting on the surface of the blade were solved based on control body theory. Three sections along blade span wise of a 1.5 MW wind turbine were decided to simulate icing. Five kinds of LWC were selected for simulation including 0.2,0 .4,0 .6,0 .8 and 1.0 g /m~3 under two ambient temperatures of -10 ℃ and -20 ℃ . The medium volume droplet diameter(MVD) was 30 "m. The simulations included icing shape on blade surface,dimensionless icing area and dimensionless maximum stagnation thickness. Furthermore,the flow fields around both the iced blade airfoil and the original one were simulated and analyzed. According to the results,the typical icing characteristics of icing shape,icing area and thickness were greatly affected by the difference of LWCs. This study can provide theoretical reference for the research on antiicing and deicing of wind turbine blade.
Science opportunities and challenges associated with SKA big data

The upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio tele-scope will become the largest astronomical observation fa-cility, and is expected to introduce revolutionary changes in major fields of natural sciences. These revolutionary changes help us to answer the fundamental questions related to the origins of the universe, life, cosmic magnetic field, the na-ture of gravity, and to search for extraterrestrial civilizations [1]. The unprecedented power of the SKA is characterized by an extremely high sensitivity, wide field of view, ultra-fast survey speed, and ultra-high time, space, frequency resolutions, which ensures that SKA will have a leading position in radio astronomy in future; this will be accompanied by a vast amount of observational data at exabyte (EB) level. The transportation, storage, reading, writing, computation, curation, and archiving of the SKA-level data and the release of SKA science products are posing serious challenges to the field of information communication technology (ICT). The China SKA science team will work together with the infor-mation, communication and computer industries to tackle the challenges associated with the SKA big data, which will not only promote major original scientific discoveries, but also apply the obtained technological achievements for stimulating the national economy.
High-static-low-dynamic-stiffness vibration isolation enhanced by damping nonlinearity

High-static-low-dynamic-stiffness (HSLDS) nonlinear isolators have proven to have an advantage over linear isolators,because HSLDS nonlinear isolators allow low-frequency vibration isolation without compromising the static stiffness.Previously,these isolators have generally been assumed to have linear viscous damping,degrading the performance of the isolator at high frequencies.An alternative is to use nonlinear damping,where the nonlinear behavior is achieved by configuring linear dampers so they are orthogonally aligned to the excitation direction.This report compares the performances of single-stage and two-stage isolators with this type of damping with the corresponding isolators containing only linear viscous damping.The results show that both isolators with linear viscous damping and nonlinear damping reduce the transmissibility around the resonance frequencies,but the results show that the isolators with nonlinear damping perform better at high frequencies.
Monte Carlo simulations of the sensor head of imaging energetic electron spectrometer onboard a Chinese IGSO navigation satellite

An imaging energetic electron spectrometer built by the Peking University team (BD-IES) onboard a Chinese navigation satellite in an inclined GEO orbit has been launched successfully in September 2015,which measures the spectra of the energetic electrons with the energy range of 50–600 keV in nine directions.In this study,Monte Carlo simulations of the BD-IES sensor head were performed using Geant4 and the corresponding characteristic responses to the isotropic energetic particles were derived.The effective geometric factors were estimated using the typical electron and proton spectra in the GEO orbit and the corresponding simulated sensor head responses.It was found that the average effective geometric factors of nine directions are close to the nominal geometric factors calculated with the traditional method,but the effective geometric factor decreases as the center energy of the energy channel decreases.The BD-IES sensor head also responses to the energetic protons,but the average contamination rate of all 72 channels is about 2%,which means that the proton contamination is acceptable.The spectra of the energetic electrons measured by BD-IES are derived using the effective geometric factors of the sensor head and are comparable with the spectra measured by the magnetic electron ion spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard Van Allen Probes.
The technology of space plasma in-situ measurement on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite (CSES) was designed to study the ionospheric disturbances associated with earthquakes.Satellite payload includes nine instruments.Among them,we recall instruments for plasma analysis,electric,magnetic fields and high energy particle detectors.Langmuir probe (LP) and plasma analyzer package (PAP) are the in-situ payloads to measure space plasma.Its scientific objective is to research space plasma physics phenomena and the ionosphere changes caused by seismic.It is the first application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration in China.The Langmuir probe and Plasma Analyzer Package have been tested and calibrated to verify the performance in INAF-IAPS.Currently,on-orbit testing is being performed with satellites.
Crustal structure study based on principal component analysis of receiver functions

The receiver function (RF) technique is an effective method for studying crustal structure.For a single station,the average 1-D crustal structure is usually derived by stacking the radial RFs from all back-azimuths,whereas structural variations (such as dipping discontinuities or anisotropy) can be constrained through analysis of waveform dependence on the backazimuth of both the radial and tangential RFs.However,it is often difficult to directly extract information about structural variations from the waveform of RF,due to the common presence of noise in real data.In this study,we proposed a new method to derive structural variation information for individual stations by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to RFs sorted by back-azimuth.In this method (termed as RF-PCA),a set of principal components (PCs),which are uncorrelated with each other and reflect different characteristics of the RF data,were extracted and utilized separately to reconstruct new RFs.Synthetic tests show that the first PC of the radial RFs contains the average structural information of the crust beneath the corresponding station,and the second PC of the radial RFs and the first PC of the tangential RFs both reflect the variations of the crustal structure.Our synthetic modeling results indicate that the new RF-PCA method is valid for a variety of synthetic models with intra-crustal dipping discontinuities and/or anisotropy.We applied this method to the real data from a broadband temporary seismic station (s233) in the central part of the Sichuan Basin.The results suggest that the RF data can be best explained by the presence of two nearly parallel dipping discontinuities within the crust.Combining with previous logging data,seismic exploration and deep sounding observations,we interpret the shallow dipping discontinuity as the top boundary of the Precambrian crystalline basement of the Sichuan Basin and the deep one corresponding to the Conrad interface between the upper and lower crust,consistent with the geological feature of the study area.In this work,both synthetic tests and real data application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the RF-PCA method for studying crustal structures.
Seldom-segment versus multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord gliomas: a comparative clinical study

Glial tumors (80%), astrocytomas, and ependymomas are the most frequent histological types of intramedullary spinal cord tumors (Bansal et al., 2013). Intramedullary tumors spanning three or more vertebral body levels are considered multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors and have a much lower incidence than less involved tumors (Wang et al., 2012). We prospectively studied 81 consecutive patients who underwent resection of intramedullary spinal cord gliomas at a single medical center (The Neurosurgery Department of Peking University Third Hospital) between January 2010 and December 2015 to compare the neurological function and prognosis of patients with seldom-segment and multiple-segment intramedullary spinal cord gliomas.