mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Quantifying post logging biomass loss using satellite images and ground measurements in Southeast Cameroon

Forest logging in the Congo Basin has led to forest fragmentation due to logging infrastructures and felling gaps. In the same vein, forest concessions in the Congo Basin have increasing interest in the REDD+ mechanism. However, there is little information or field data on carbon emissions from forest degradation caused by logging. To help fill this gap, Landsat 7 and 8 and SPOT 4 images of the East Region of Cameroon were processed and combined with field measurements (measurement of forest roads widths, felling gaps and log yards) to assess all disturbed areas. Also, measurements of different types of forest infrastructures helped to highlight emission factors. Forest contributes to 5.18 % of the degradation of the annual allowable cut (AAC) (84.53 ha) corresponding to 4.09 % of forest carbon stock (6.92 t ha~(-1)). Felling gaps constitute the primary source of degradation, represented an estimated area of 32.41 ha (2 % of the cutting area) far ahead of primary roads (18.44 ha) and skid trails (16.36 ha). Assessment of the impact of degradation under the canopy requires the use of high resolution satellite images and field surveys.
Preparation and Metallurgical Analysis of High Activity Burnt Lime for Steelmaking

Burnt lime is an important material in steelmaking and its activity degree is a key factor for liquid steel quality. The burnt lime was made by the calcination of limestone in a high pressure electric furnace. The burnt lime mineralogical phases and micro-morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The burnt lime activity degree was determined by acid-base titration, the burnt lime pore distribution was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and the thermal effect of a mixture of burnt lime and slag was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the CaO grain size and pore size of burnt lime made under high pressure were larger than those of burnt lime made under atmospheric pressure. The CaO grain size and pore size increased and the laminate phenomenon also occurred clearly under high pressure. The activity degree of burnt lime made under high pressure was greater than that made under atmospheric pressure. The maximum activity degree was 437 mL for burnt lime made under a pressure of 0.4 MPa. For the same ratio of CaO to SiO_2, the melting temperature, hemisphere temperature and fluidity temperature of slag decreased with increasing burnt lime activity degree. The higher the activity degree the burnt lime had, the better the slag forming occurred. It was advantageous for 2CaO·SiO_2 and 3CaO·SiO_2 forming at lower temperatures if the burnt lime activity degree was increased.
Numerical Simulation of Jet Behavior and Impingement Characteristics of Preheating Shrouded Supersonic Jets

As a novel supersonic jet technology, preheating shrouded supersonic jet was developed to deliver oxygen into molten bath efficiently and affordably. However, there has been limited research on the jet behavior and impingement characteristics of preheating shrouded supersonic jets. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were established to investigate the effects of main and shrouding gas temperatures on the characteristics of flow field and impingement of shrouded supersonic jet. The preheating shrouded supersonic jet behavior was simulated and measured by numerical simulation and jet measurement experiment respectively. The influence of preheating shrouded supersonic jet on gas jet penetration and fluid flow in liquid bath was calculated by the CFD model which was validated against water model experiments. The results show that the uptrend of the potential core length of shrouded supersonic jet would be accelerated with increasing the main and shrouding gas temperatures. Also, preheating supersonic jets demonstrated significant advantages in penetrating and stirring the liquid bath.
Estimation of extreme wind speed in SCS and NWP by a non-stationary model

In offshore engineering design,it is considerably significant to have an adequately accurate estimation of marine environmental parameters,in particular,the extreme wind speed of tropical cyclone (TC) with different return periods to guarantee the safety in projected operating life period. Based on the 71-year (1945-2015) TC data in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of US,a notable growth of the TC intensity is observed in the context of climate change. The fact implies that the traditional stationary model might be incapable of predicting parameters in the extreme events. Therefore,a non-stationary model is proposed in this study to estimate extreme wind speed in the South China Sea (SCS) and NWP. We find that the extreme wind speeds of different return periods exhibit an evident enhancement trend,for instance,the extreme wind speeds with different return periods by non-stationary model are 4.1 %-4.4% higher than stationary ones in SCS. Also,the spatial distribution of extreme wind speed in NWP has been examined with the same methodology by dividing the west sea areas of the NWP 0°-45°N,105°E-130°E into 45 subareas of 5° × 5°,where oil and gas resources are abundant. Similarly,remarkable spacial in-homogeneity in the extreme wind speed is seen in this area: the extreme wind speed with 50-year return period in the subarea (15°N-20°N,115°E-120°E) of Zhongsha and Dongsha Islands is 73.8 m/s,while that in the subarea of Yellow Sea (30°N-35°N,120°E-125°E) is only 47.1 m/s. As a result,the present study demonstrates that non-stationary and in-homogeneous effects should be taken into consideration in the estimation of extreme wind speed.
The optimum layer number of multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns under in-plane compression

The effect of the face thickness to core height ratio on different multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns under in-plane compression is investigated theoretically and numerically. Numerical simulation is in good agreement with theory. Results indicate that one specified face thickness to core height ratio corresponds to one optimum layer number of multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns in consideration of engineering application. This result can guide the sandwich structure design.
Highly efficient PdCu_3 nanocatalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, involving the activation of carbon-halogen bonds, especially C-Cl bonds, have drawn widespread attention because of their huge industrial potential. However, these reactions are dependent on the development of highly active and stable catalysts. Herein, we developed a convenient one-pot wet route to synthesize Pd_xCu_y bimetallic nanocrystals for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. By introducing Cu, an earth-abundant element, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced while the amount of Pd required was reduced. Pd_xCu_y nanocrystals of different compositions, including Pd_3Cu, Pd_2Cu, PdCu, PdCu_2, and PdCu_3, were successfully synthesized by tuning the Pd:Cu ratio. Their catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions between phenylboronic acid and halobenzenes (iodo-, bromo-, or chlorobenzene) showed that PdCu_3 nanocatalyst demonstrated the best efficacy.
Sandwich structured graphene-wrapped FeS-graphene nanoribbons with improved cycling stability for lithium ion batteries

Sandwich structured graphene-wrapped FeS-graphene nanoribbons (G@FeS-GNRs) were developed. In this composite, FeS nanoparticles were sandwiched between graphene and graphene nanoribbons. When used as anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the G@FeS-GNR composite demonstrated an outstanding electrochemical performance. This composite showed high reversible capacity, good rate performance, and enhanced cycling stability owing to the synergy between the electrically conductive graphene, graphene nanoribbons, and FeS. The design concept developed here opens up a new avenue for constructing anodes with improved electrochemical stability for LIBs.
The nucleation and growth of borophene on the Ag (111) surface

B sheets have been intently studied, and various candidates with vacancies have been reported in theoretical investigations, including their possible growth on metal surfaces. However, a recent experiment reported that the borophene formed on a Ag (111) surface consisted of a buckled triangular lattice without vacancies. Our calculations propose a novel nucleation mechanism of B clusters and emphasize the B-Ag interaction in the growth process of borophene, demonstrating the structural evolution of triangular fragments with various profiles and vacancy distributions. Compared with the triangular lattice without vacancies, we have confirmed that the sheet energetically favored during the nucleation and growth is that containing 1/6 vacancies in a stripe pattern, whose scanning tunneling microscopy image is in better agreement with the experimental observation.
Bifurcation Control for a Duffing Oscillator with Delayed Velocity Feedback

In this paper, a Duffing oscillator model with delayed velocity feedback is considered. Applying the time delayed feedback control method and delayed differential equation theory, we establish some criteria which ensure the stability and the existence of Hopf bifurcation of the model. By choosing the delay as bifurcation parameter and analyzing the associated characteristic equation, the existence of bifurcation parameter point is determined. We found that if the time delay is chosen as a bifurcation parameter, Hopf bifurcation occurs when the time delay is changed through a series of critical values. Some numerical simulations show that the designed feedback controllers not only delay the onset of Hopf bifurcation, but also enlarge the stability region for the model.
xBreeze/ADL: A Language for Software Architecture Specification and Analysis

Architecture description languages play an important role in modelling software architectures. However, many architecture description languages (ADLs) are either unable to deal with the verification and dynamic changes directly or too formal to be understood and manipulated. This paper presents xBreeze/ADL, a novel extensible markup language (XML)-based verification and evolution supported architecture description language, which is specifically designed for modelling the software architecture of large, complex systems. Five principle design goals are 1) to separate template from instance to define a loose coupling structure, 2) to present virtual and concrete link to identify service execution flow, 3) to clearly represent component behaviour to specify architecture semantics, 4) to introduce multi-dimension restrictions to define the architecture constraints, and 5) to use the graph transformation theory to implement the architecture configuration management (i.e., reconfiguration and verification). Various advanced features of xBreeze/ADL are illustrated by using an example on online movie ticket booking system.
妊娠期急性胰腺炎43例诊治体会

妊娠期急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis in pregnancy, APIP)是指特发于妊娠女性的急性胰腺炎(AP),其发病急、进展迅速、病程复杂、并发症多、临床处理棘手,严重地威胁了母婴健康,是妊娠合并的主要外科急腹症之一。本研究通过回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院1999年4月至2015年6月收治的43例APIP病人的临床资料,总结、归纳诊治经验供临床参考。现报告如下。
乳腺恶性腺肌上皮瘤2例报告

乳腺腺上皮和肌上皮同时出现肿瘤性增生形成境界明显的肿块,称为腺肌上皮瘤(adenomyoepithelioma,AME);二者分别或同时恶变,则为恶性腺肌上皮瘤。乳腺恶性腺肌上皮瘤较罕见,国内外多为个案报道,无相关诊疗指南及成熟的临床经验可供参考和借鉴。首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科收治2例乳腺恶性腺肌上皮瘤病人,本文总结其诊治过程中的失败经验和教训。现报告如下。
后肾腺瘤超声表现1例

有文献报道后肾腺瘤在声像图上可表现为高回声、等回声及低回声团块,因此与肾癌、血管平滑肌脂肪瘤及嗜酸细胞腺瘤等病变在二维图像上较难鉴别。但在超声造影增强模式上,血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声造影表现为渐进性延迟强化;而典型嗜酸细胞腺瘤表现为轮辐状强化或强化后中央出现星芒状瘢痕结构;典型的肾癌血供丰富,超声造影呈“快进快出”模式,与后肾腺瘤“慢进快出”均匀低增强模式均不同,通过超声造影可以提供鉴别诊断信息。但对于乏血供肾癌,无论是二维图像还是超声造影,其鉴别诊断均存在困难,此时需结合病史,必要时对病灶进行穿刺活检明确诊断,以免误诊。
职业应激和基因多态性关系的研究进展

职业应激的产生源于人与环境的不协调,是一个高度个体化的现象。在同样的情况下,人与人之间职业应激水平的差异非常大,个体应对职业应激的反应程度可能与基因多态性有关。同时,职业应激和遗传因素可能共同作用于机体引起应激相关疾患,研究发现,职业应激和遗传因素都是心血管疾病和精神疾病重要危险因素,职业应激程度相同或相异的人群心血管疾病、睡眠障碍等的罹患水平存在差异。因此,探讨职业人群的职业应激与基因交互作用机制,对减轻职业人群的职业应激和应激相关疾病(主要为原发性高血压和睡眠障碍)的发生具有重要意义。我们围绕基因多态性与职业应激易感性关系、基因多态性与职业应激共同存在对原发性高血压、睡眠障碍影响的研究现况进行综述。
他汀类药物相关的间质性肺病

他汀类药物是3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A (HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制剂,不仅能有效地降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C),还能轻度降低甘油三酯和轻度升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),为当前临床应用最广泛的调脂药物。国内现有的他汀类药物有洛伐他汀、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和匹伐他汀。因其在临床应用广泛,其安全性也备受关注,总体上他汀类药物的安全性和耐受性较好,近年来关注较多的是他汀在肝脏、肌肉、肾脏、新发糖尿病及认知功能改变和神经系统损害方面的安全性。临床医生发现他汀类药物和间质性肺病(interstitial lung disease.ILD)的发生可能存在相关性,虽然尚无确凿的证据,但应引起临床重视。
血管老化概述

血管老化在人体衰老过程中的表现最为突出。Framingham心脏研究证实,对于心脑血管疾病,年龄始终是最不可忽视的危险因子,且这一危险因素构成的威胁超过其他绝大多数传统危险因子;另一方面,对其他发生于老年人的退行性改变而言,如阿尔茨海默病、骨质疏松,它们往往和血管老化同受相似危险因素的影响,甚至共用同一致病通路。尽管年龄具有不可变更性,但这并不意味衰老过程的不可干预性。因此,对血管老化进程中的重要靶点进行干预或可成为临床上防治衰老一个可利用的策略。本文力图以临床现象作为入口,回溯基础研究在血管老化方面的进展,旨在使临床工作者更深刻地理解血管老化这一过程。
若干未受重视的腰椎管狭窄的MRI表征

目前MRI已广泛应用于腰椎中央管狭窄的诊断。然而,大多临床医师关注的是腰椎管的骨性结构的异常,如椎管面积与前后径,而且门诊患者就诊时往往携带MRI的胶片,由于存在图片缩放比例的问题,很难通过测量胶片进行定量测量诊断。这不仅影响了椎管狭窄的及时和精确诊断,也阻碍了临床医师之间、临床医师与放射科医师之间的工作交流,不利于开展学术讨论和研究。因此,在诊断腰椎管狭窄时,是否存在一些特殊的影像学表现能够客观反映狭窄?我们在长期的临床工作中发现诸如马尾神经冗余、马尾神经沉降征、前方脑脊液空间闭塞以及椎管内脂肪增多等一些较为少见的MRI的表现对腰椎管狭窄的诊断具有重要的临床意义,现结合文献介绍。
儿童肺功能系列指南(四):潮气呼吸肺功能

潮气呼吸流量-容积曲线(tidal breathing flow volume curve,TBFV)法检测婴幼儿肺功能在我国开展20年来,目前国内已有很多医院可进行此项检测,但一直缺乏相关的技术操作指南及检测报告解读指南或共识,供技术人员及临床医师参考使用。本指南主要就TBFV肺功能测定的原理、技术操作、注意事项、可获得的参数及其在不同疾病改变的特点与临床意义等进行阐述。
Core–shell Au@MnO_2 nanoparticles for enhanced radiotherapy via improving the tumor oxygenation

Local hypoxia in solid tumors often results in resistance to radiotherapy (RT), in which oxygen is an essential element for enhancing DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Herein, we developed gold@manganese dioxide (Au@MnO_2) core–shell nanoparticles with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating as a novel radiosensitizing agent to improve RT efficacy during cancer treatment. In this Au@MnO_2 nanostructure, while the gold core is a well-known RT sensitizer that interacts with X-rays to produce charged particles for improved cancer killing under RT, the MnO_2 shell may trigger the decomposition of endogenous H_2O_2 in the tumor microenvironment to generate oxygen and overcome hypoxiaassociated RT resistance. As demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, Au@MnO_2-PEG nanoparticles acted as effective radiosensitizers to remarkably enhance cancer treatment efficacy during RT. Moreover, no obvious side effects of Au@MnO_2-PEG were observed in mice. Therefore, our work presents a new type of radiosensitizer with potential for enhanced RT treatment of hypoxic tumors.
A micro photocatalytic fuel cell with an air-breathing, membraneless and monolithic design

In this study, a membraneless, monolithic micro photocatalytic fuel cell with an air-breathing cathode was developed for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. In this newly-developed micro photocatalytic fuel cell, the photoanode and cathode were arranged with a shoulder-to-shoulder design, forming two planar electrodes. Such design offers several advantages of enhanced mass transfer, uniform light distribution, short light transfer path, membrane elimination and easy fabrication, integration, and compatibility with other microdevices. The performance of this type fuel cell was evaluated by using methanol as a model pollutant under the alkaline condition. Experimental results indicated the developed micro photocatalytic fuel cell was able to show good photo-response to the illumination and satisfactory performance as well as durability. Parametric study on the cell performance was also performed. It was found that increasing the light intensity, methanol concentration and KOH concentration could improve the cell performance. But for the effect of the liquid flow rate, it was shown that the cell performance firstly increased with increasing the liquid flow rate and then decreased with further increasing the liquid flow rate. This study not only opens a new avenue for the design of the micro photocatalytic fuel cell but also is helpful for the optimization of the operating conditions.
High-quality perovskite in thick scaffold: a core issue for hole transport material-free perovskite solar cells

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intense attention in the last few years due to the phenomenal increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), but their low stability has greatly hindered their practical application. By removing unstable hole transport materials (HTM), the device stability of HTM-free PSCs has been greatly improved. However, the PCE has largely lagged behind those of HTM-based PSCs. We contend that deposition of high-quality perovskite into a thick scaffold is the key to achieving high-performance, HTM-free PSCs. Indeed, a few deposition methods have been used to successfully deposit a high-quality perovskite layer into a relatively thick TiO_2 scaffold, hence producing PSCs with relatively high PCEs. In this review, we will introduce the basic working principle of HTM-free PSCs and analyze the important role of thick TiO_2 scaffold. Most importantly, the problems of the conventional perovskite deposition methods in thick TiO_2 scaffold will be examined and some recent successful deposition methods will be surveyed. Finally, we will draw conclusions and highlight some promising research directions for HTM-free PSCs.
Jianguo Hou:major reforms in China’s S&T funding mechanisms

In late June, the first batch of National MajorR&DProjects was announced on the Public Service Platform of National Science and Technology Management Information System (http://service.most.gov.cn/index/). This signified a new round of major top-down reform of China’s S&T program management reform, a reform generally considered to be unprecedented in both scope and depth. In line with rapid economic growth, China now produces more research articles than any other country except the USA, boasting the world’s highest number of researchers (～3.8 million). Yet, these impressive numbers are insufficient to meet the need for innovation in Chinese economy, which is still relying heavily on imported core technologies.TheS&T program management has long been plagued by fragmentation, duplication and diffuseness, with widespread complaints by researchers on the lack of both openness and transparency in funding review processes. In a recent interview with NSR, the Vice Minister of Science and Technology Jianguo Hou elaborated upon the new reform of S&T program management that aims to address many of these problems, and new polices that impact on how research will be conducted in China.
Highly compact and uniform CH_3NH_3Sn_(0.5)Pb_(0.5)I_3films for efficient panchromatic planar perovskite solar cells

An efficient panchromatic planar perovskite solar cell is developed based on highly uniform, lead-reduced CH_3NH_3Sn_(0.5)Pb_(0.5)I_3 perovskite films with full film-coverage on the substrates. We demonstrate here that full-coverage of the CH_3NH_3Sn_(0.5)Pb_(0.5)I_3 films can be developed by a facile chlorobenzene-assisted spin-coating method.A power conversion efficiency of *7 % is achieved using low-temperature processes, which is among the best-reported performance for panchromatic planar perovskite solar cells with a light-absorption over 1,000 nm.
Breeding high-yield superior quality hybrid super rice by rational design

The challenge of meeting the increasing demand for worldwide rice production has driven a sustained quest for advances in rice breeding for yield. Two breakthroughs that led to quantum leaps in productivity last century were the introduction of semidwarf varieties and of hybrid rice. Subsequent gains in yield have been incremental. The next major leap in rice breeding is now upon us through the application of rational design to create defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cross compatibility and intersubspecific heterosis, combined with rapid genome sequencing and the molecular identification of genes for major yield and quality traits have now unlocked the potential for rational design.
Application of phenonaphthazine derivatives as hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells

Two electron-rich, solution-processable phenonaphthazine derivatives, 5,12-bis{N-[4,4'-bis-(phenyl)-aminophen-4"-yl]}-phenonaphthazine (BPZTPA) and 5,12-bis{N-[4,4'-bis(methoxy-phenyl)aminophen-4"-yl]} -phenonaphthazine (MeO-BPZTPA) have been designed and employed in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells. BPZTPA and MeO-BPZTPA exhibit excellent thermal stabilities, hole mobilities (~10-4 cm2/(V·s)) and suitable HOMO levels (-5.34 and -5.29 eV, respectively) relative to the valence band of the CH3NH3PbI3 and Au work function, showing their potential as alternative hole-transporting materials (HTMs). Meanwhile, the corresponding mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM/Au devices are investigated, and the best power conversion efficiency of 10.36% has been achieved for MeO-BPZTPA without using p-type dopant.
High energy density performance of hydrothermally produced hydrous ruthenium oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite: Design of an asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent cycle life

Hydrous ruthenium oxide (h-RuO_2) nanoparticles and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (h-RuO_2/MWCNT) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and proved to have potential application as hybrid supercapacitor material. The h-RuO_2 and h-RuO_2/MWCNT were characterized for their physico-chemical properties by PXRD, BET surface area, Raman, SEM-EDS and TEM techniques. The electrochemical performance of the materials were investigated, specific capacitance (Cs) of h-RuO_2 and h- RuO_2/MWCNT estimated by their cyclic voltammetric studies were found to be 604 and 1585 F/g respectively at a scan rate of 2 mV/s in the potential range 0-1.2 V. Further, this value was found to be nearly three times higher than that of pure h-RuO_2. An asymmetric supercapacitor (AS) device was fabricated by employing h-RuO_2/MWCNT as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. The device exhibited Cs of 61.8 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. Further, the device showed excellent long term stability for 20,000 cycles with 88% capacitance retention at a high current density of 25 A/g.
Superior supercapacitive performance in porous nanocarbons

Porous nanocarbons with average particle size 20-40 nm were developed using biowaste oil palm leaves as a precursor. Simple pyrolysis was carried out at 700 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. Obtained porous nanocarbons showed excellent porous nature along with spherical shape. Symmetric supercapacitor fabricated from porous nanocarbons showed superior supercapacitance performance where high specific capacitance of 368 F/g at 0.06 A/g in 5M KOH were reported. It also exhibited high stability (96% over 1700 cycles) and energy density of 13 Wh/kg. Low resistance values were obtained by fitting the impedance spectra, thus indicating the availability of these materials as supercapacitors electrode. The presented method is cost effective and also in line with waste to wealth approach.