mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
中国1990~2010年城市扩张卫星遥感制图

根据同一数据源的陆地卫星TM和ETM+影像,首次从1990,2000和2010年基准年图像上以人工解译方法为主获得我国所有城市20年间建成区分布范围,最后由专人按统一标准,对照三期城市数据逐个修改完成并建立了中国城市扩展数据库.结果表明我国城市化在过去20年间呈指数增长了2倍多;我国城市建成区面积由1990年东北较高,转变为2010年东南沿海的江苏、广东、山东、浙江领先的格局;我国城市化所占的土地主要来自耕地,大约有17750km~2的耕地被城市化,而且21世纪最初10年比20世纪最后10年增加了近1.5倍;20年来,我国城市扩展速度最快的省份是江苏、广东、山东、浙江等.对2009年超过50万人口的147座城市单位建成区面积的国民经济总产值和人口分析表明,建成区经济效益高的城市由沿海城市辅以部分资源型内地城市组成,而人口密度高的城市主要由内地资源型城市组成;东部沿海省区建成区的经济效益低于中部和广东等省区.这个数据库将对研究我国城市建成区变化规律及其对耕地和其他用地的转化趋势、模拟城市发展动态、研究城市发展与我国人口增长和迁移的关系以及与碳排放和气候变化的关系、制定国家应对气候变化、国土资源利用以及城市规划与管理政策发挥重要作用.
TCR基因修饰T细胞研究进展

在TCR基因治疗中，抗原特异TCR基因修饰T细胞过继输注治疗肿瘤及感染性疾病已取得了振奋人心的结果，被证明是一种有前景的治疗策略[48]。抗原特异TCR基因修饰T细胞已取代传统的效应细胞成为这一领域研究的热点，虽然离大规模应用于临床及成为一种常规的治疗方法尚有一定距离，相信随着研究的不断深入，TCR基因治疗会越来越完善，发挥更大的治疗作用。
康复训练联合氟西汀治疗中轻度抑郁症患者的疗效观察

康复训练是临床常用辅助治疗手段。有研究证实，通过指导患者主动参与康复训练，可增强其机体调节功能，对改善患者抑郁情绪、提高沟通能力等方面均具有显著疗效~([6-7])。一项涉及150例抑郁症患者的研究结果表明，中等强度体育锻炼可改善那些对药物不敏感抑郁症患者的抑郁症状~([6])；杨松涛等~([7])研究也证实，太极拳锻炼对中老年人群抑郁心理及自主神经功能均具有显著改善作用。另外还有研究报道，机体大脑海马神经再生障碍及神经可塑性异常与抑郁症发生具有相关性；而康复训练不但可提高神经系统调节功能，还可促进神经组织再生，对改善抑郁病情具有重要意义~([8])。本研究结果也表明，2组人选抑郁症患者分别经6周干预后，发现实验组抑郁症状较人选时及对照组均明显改善，提示中轻度抑郁症患者在常规药物干预基础上辅以康复训练，可进一步提高抑郁治疗效果，缓解躯体症状，临床疗效满意，并且还具有治疗方便、不良反应少、患者依从性好等优点。关于康复训练改善患者抑郁症状的确切机制，还有待进一步研究。
前房灌注玻璃体视网膜手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离一例

讨论CDA-RD治疗原则是一旦确诊,及时应用糖皮质激素控制葡萄膜反应,减轻脉络膜脱离,提高眼压,限期行视网膜脱离复位手术~⑴。目前多数学者采用标准的三通道闭合式经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术(PPV)P~([2-5])。但在玻璃体切割手术初始,由于患者眼压低,脉络膜和视网膜隆起较高,虽然多种不同的手术技巧一定程度解决了眼内灌注和低眼压下脉络膜上腔放液的难题,但手术步骤却显得冗长,费时且费事~([1,3,4.6-8])我们就此做了相应的技术改良。具体如下:(1)灌注针进人前房即进行眼内灌注,不仅眼压能快速提升,而且能通过调整灌注液吊瓶的高度来调整眼压。此灌注方法避免了灌注管误人脉络膜上腔的风险和并发症,同时持续的眼内灌注使眼压保持平稳;(2)眼压升高后行脉络膜上腔放液,不仅巩膜穿刺容易,放液充分,而且避免了低眼压情况下放液易出血、视网膜下液不易流出等不利因素;(3)前房灌注使标准的三通道闭合式PPV只需2个切口即能完成,减小了手术创伤;同时解决了PPV中灌注管放置困难、费时费事,眼压低,脉络膜放液不充分等弊端。我们认为,这种手术方式减少了手术并发症,且操作简便容易掌握,更能体现PPV治疗CDA-RD的优势。是一种值得推广采用的手术方式。
血清胱抑素C对诊断早期肾功能损害的临床价值

目的分析血清胱抑素C(Cyst C)含量与早期肾功能损害之间的关系,探讨Cyst C测定对诊断肾功能损害的临床价值。方法选择2型糖尿病患者100例、高血压患者100例,并按肾功能是否出现早期异常进一步分为两个亚组,分析比较各亚组患者血清Cyst C水平。结果2型糖尿病患者和高血压患者早期肾功能损害的发生率差异无统计学意义;在男性高血压患者中,早期肾功能损害者的Cyst C水平高于肾功能正常者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.040);2型糖尿病各亚组Cyst C水平比较差异均无统计学意义。结论血清Cyst C对诊断早期肾功能损害具有一定的价值,在实际临床工作中可以考虑引入此指标,以提高诊断的准确性。
尼妥珠单抗联合适形放疗及化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效

目的探讨尼妥珠单抗联合同期适形放疗及紫杉醇铂剂化疗方案治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效及不良反应。方法经组织病理确诊的Ⅲ、Ⅳa期(2008分期)鼻咽癌初诊患者123例随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组(n=60)采用三维适形放疗或调强适形放疗及同期和序贯紫杉醇铂剂方案化疗;观察组(n=63)除上述治疗外,每周一放疗前行尼妥珠单抗静脉滴注100 mg治疗,共6~7次。结果放疗结束后2个月原发灶完全缓解率、颈部淋巴结完全缓解率观察组为98.4%、96.8%,高于对照组的81.7%、78.3%(P<0.05);观察组及对照组治疗后1年的局部控制率、无转移生存率分别达到100%、97.4%和94.1%、85.3%,治疗后1年总评价为97.4%、79.4%(P<0.05);随后的治疗后2年、3年局部控制率、无转移生存率观察组均高于对照组。两组主要不良反应为放射性咽喉炎、放射性皮炎和恶心呕吐、白细胞减少、疲乏等,无皮疹及过敏反应发生,不良反应耐受性好。发生3度以上放射性咽喉炎观察组较对照组偏高(P<0.05)。结论尼妥珠单抗联合适形放疗及紫杉醇及铂剂同期和序贯化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌完全缓解率及局部控制率、无远处转移生存率提高,耐受性好。
气候变暖的归因研究

总之，人类活动是现代气候变暖的主要原因这一命题，得到了越来越多的证据。因此，尽管其他自然因子如太阳活动、火山活动对气候的影响也不可忽视，气温在年际到年代际尺度也可能有一定波动，但是全球变暖的趋势看来仍将继续。
新一代温室气体排放情景

温室气体排放情景,是对未来气候变化预估的基础。过去应用的情景设计是在2000年完成的,早就需要更新与补充了,IPCC第4次评估报告已经提出了这个要求。对于这种必要性Moss等在2010年就进行了深入的讨论。通过2~3年的工作,新一代排放情景已经形成,这里综合评估模式协作（IAMC）计划发挥了关键的作用。2011年Climatic Change出版了专号]，介绍了新一代情景的设计，并对4种情景分别作了详细的分析。新一代情景称为“典型浓度目标”（Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs）。这里representative表示只是许多种可能性中的一种可能性，用concentration而不用辐射强迫是要强调以浓度为目标，pathways则不仅仅指某一个量，而且包括达到这个量的过程。4种情景分别称为RCP8.5、RCP6、RCP4.5及RCP2.6。其中前3个情景大体同2000年方案中的SRES A2、A1B和B1相对应。
体外膜肺氧合治疗心内直视术后心肺功能衰竭患者的护理

体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal memberane oxygenation,ECMO)是将血液从体内引到体外,经膜肺氧合后再用血泵或体外循环机将血液灌入体内,对一些呼吸或循环衰竭的患者进行有效支持的技术,它可使心肺得到充分的休息,为心功能和肺功能的恢复赢得宝贵的时间。本科2007年12月至2011年10月,对12例心内直视术后心肺功能衰竭患者进行ECMO支持治疗,现报道如下。
125例耻骨后根治性前列腺切除术并发症分析

根治性前列腺切除术是目前局限性前列腺癌(PCa)有效的标准治疗方法[1-3],但有一定的手术并发症,围手术期死亡率为0~2.1%[2]。本文总结1999年7月至2010年10月近11年125例耻骨后根治性前列腺切除术(radical retropublic prostatectomy,RRP)的并发症。
全膝关节置换术后腓总神经麻痹的原因及治疗

[目的]探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后腓总神经麻痹产生的原因及治疗。[方法]对1996年1月~2009年12月本院有完整记录的550例初次TKA患者中术后出现腓总神经麻痹的4例患者进行回顾分析,3例随访15个月,1例随访3个月后失访。[结果]术后出现腓总神经麻痹的4例患者(0.91%),2例保守治疗后完全恢复;1例行神经探查松解术后,完全恢复;1例随访3个月感觉功能恢复而运动功能未恢复,继续保守治疗后失访。[结论]TKA术后腓总神经麻痹是多因素造成的,预防是关键,且需重视围手术期相关危险因素的识别并谨慎操作。早期保守治疗效果满意,晚期神经功能恢复差者可行神经探查松解手术。
颈椎压力固定器治疗单间隙脊髓型颈椎病疗效观察

[目的]了解颈椎压力固定器治疗单间隙脊髓型颈椎病疗效,探讨影响颈椎前路手术疗效的技术因素。[方法]2007年1月~2010年2月,共收治单间隙脊髓型颈椎病56例,随访1~3年,平均1.5年。采用JOA 17分法对手术前后的神经功能进行评定,观察术后患者的颈部症状并进行分级。[结果]单节段融合无假关节发生,术后平均神经功能改善率为90%,颈部症状的发生率为82%。[结论]颈椎病前路手术提高疗效的关键操作是彻底减压,颈椎压力固定器操作简单、置入方便、能起到良好的作用,而达到确切的临床疗效。
截瘫后双膝巨大对称性异位骨化性肌炎1例

鉴别诊断：异位骨化性肌炎难以和有恶性肿瘤基础上合并外伤以后的出血、肿瘤迅速增大鉴别，一般来说，这些恶性肿瘤的钙化和骨化都不均匀，很少出现环形钙化，且钙化的时间变化也不大，还可引起邻近骨质的继发改变，如骨皮质侵蚀、骨膜反应。对与骨、关节无直接联系的关节周围软组织肿块要考虑到异位骨化性肌炎的可能。追问外伤史，分析病程，综合分析影像特点等就可以作出综合判断。
利妥昔单抗治疗70岁以上老年非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效与安全性

目的观察利妥昔单抗治疗70岁以上老年非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效及安全性。方法70岁以上老年NHL患者15例接受利妥昔单抗联合CHOP治疗,具体用法为:利妥昔单抗375 mg/m~2静脉滴注(第1天),环磷酰胺800 mg/m~2、盐酸吡柔比星40 mg/m~2、长春新碱1.5 mg/m~2静脉滴注(第3天),醋酸泼尼松龙片60mg/d口服(第3~7天),7 d为1个周期,每4周重复1次,共6~8次。结果15例NHL患者均达到完全缓解,1例出现急性黄疸性肝炎,其他主要不良反应为相关血液学毒性,患者均可耐受。结论利妥昔单抗对70岁以上老年NHL患者疗效肯定,且安全性佳。
ANALYSIS OF FIRST TRANSIENT PRESSURE OSCILLATION FOR LEAKDETECTION IN A SINGLE PIPELINE

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently,attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methodssometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditions in testing. This paperproposes a method that does not require transient simulations over the whole or an extended period of time, but uses the first transientpressure oscillation to detect leaks. The method considers the propagation of the pressure oscillation wave created from a fast valveclosure and the reflected damp wave from the leak. A leak in the pipe gives rise to reflected waves which in turn creatediscontinuities in the observed signal at the measurement section. The timing of the reflected damp wave and the magnituderepresent the location and the size of the leak, respectively. An analytical expression is derived based on the Method OfCharacteristic (MOC) for the relationship between the leakage and the reflected magnitude. The leak detection procedure based onthe method is also given. Then the reliability of the method is tested on numerically simulated pressure signals and experimentalpressure signals with calibrated leak parameters, and the results indicate a successful application and the promising features of themethod.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-(1-Naphthalenylamino)-4-thiazolidinone

The compound 2-(1-naphthalenylamino)-4-thiazolidinone was synthesized by the reaction of 1-(naphthalene-1-yl)thiourea with ethyl chloroacetate in an ionic liquid, and its structure was characterized by IR, ~1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group P2_1 /c with a=10.0081(3), b=14.5312(4), c=7.8739(2) A, β=99.425(3)°, Z=4, V=1129.64(5)A~3, D_c=1.425 g/cm~3, μ=0.269 mm~(-1), F(000)=504, the final R=0.0519 and wR=0.1507. X-ray analysis indicated that the five-membered ring is essentially planar in this molecule, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds N(1)-H(1)…N(2), C(3)-H(3)…O(1), C(4)-H(4)…O(1) and C(12)-H(12a)…O(1) were observed. π-π Stacking interactions contribute to the stability of the structure. DSC-TG analysis showed that the title compound experienced a phase change at 190 ℃ and began to decompose above 240 ℃.
HLA配型和DSA对移植肾功能的影响研究

器官移植中良好的供受者间HLA配型对预防移植肾早期排斥和移植肾的长期存活具有重要意义。肾移植术后发生排斥的重要因素之一是群体反应性抗体(PRA)的参与，特别是肾移植术后产生抗供者特异性抗体(DSA)。因此本文对肾移植供受者HLA分型和DSA对移植肾急性排斥反应和近期肾功能进行研究。现报道如下。
A niche model to predict Microcystis bloom decline in Chaohu Lake, China

Cyanobacterial blooms occur frequently in lakes due to eutrophication. Although a number of models have been proposed to forecast algal blooms, a good and applicable method is still lacking. This study explored a simple and effective mathematical-ecological model to evaluate the growth status and predict the population dynamics of Microcystis blooms. In this study, phytoplankton were collected and identified from 8 sampling sites in Chaohu Lake every month from July to October, 2010. The niche breadth and niche overlap of common species were calculated using standard equations, and the potential relative growth rates of Microcystis were calculated as a weighted-value of niche overlap. In July, the potential relative growth rate was 2.79 (a.u., arbitrary units) but then rapidly declined in the following months to -3.99 a.u. in September. A significant correlation (R=0.998, P<0.01) was found in the model between the net-increase in biomass of Microcystis in the field and the predicted values calculated by the niche model, we concluded that the niche model is suitable for forecasting the dynamics of Microcystis blooms. Redundancy analysis indicated that decreases in water temperature, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved phosphorus might be major factors underlying bloom decline. Based on the theory of community succession being caused by resource competition, the growth and decline of blooms can be predicted from a community structure. This may provide a basis for early warning and control of algal blooms.
An improved method for detection of Edwardsiella tarda by loop-mediated isothermal amplification by targeting the EsrB gene

Edwardsiella tarda is a major pathogen in aquatic environments that can cause heavy economic losses. An improved method for quick and accurate detection of E. tarda by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with two additional loop primers was developed by targeting the EsrB gene (EsrB-LAMP). In this method, the Mg~(2+) concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time were optimized to 8 mmol/L, 61°C, and 40 min, respectively. The detection limit with the EsrB gene was as low as 10 copies, which is 100 times more sensitive than that of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The EsrB-LAMP assay was shown more sensitive and rapid than previously reported LAMP assays targeting the hemolysin gene (hemolysin-LAMP) for detection of E. tarda. The EsrB-LAMP was also highly specific to E. tarda and had no cross-reaction with 13 other strains of bacteria. The assay can be carried out in a simple heating device and the EsrB-LAMP products can be visually detected by adding fluorescent dye to the reaction mixture. Taken together, the improved EsrB-LAMP diagnostic protocol has the potential for detection of E. tarda from indoor and outdoor samples.
Displacement mechanisms of enhanced heavy oil recovery by alkaline flooding in a micromodel

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by alkaline flooding for conventional oils has been extensively studied. For heavy oils, investigations are very limited due to the unfavorable mobility ratio between the water and oil phases. In this study, the displacement mechanisms of alkaline flooding for heavy oil EOR are investigated by conducting flood tests in a micromodel. Two different displacement mechanisms are observed for enhancing heavy oil recovery. One is in situ water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion formation and partial wettability alteration. The W/O emulsion formed during the injection of alkaline solution plugs high permeability water channels, and pore walls are altered to become partially oil-wetted, leading to an improvement in sweep efficiency and high tertiary oil recovery. The other mechanism is the formation of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Heavy oil is dispersed into the water phase by injecting an alkaline solution containing a very dilute surfactant. The oil is then entrained in the water phase and flows out of the model with the water phase.
The Distortion of Energy Deposit Distribution of ~(12)C Ions in Water

The transport process of ~(12)C ions in water was studied with SRIM code and Geant4 toolkit. The SRIM results indicate that the transverse diffusion of ~(12)C ion beam causes distortion of energy deposit along the beam direction. The distortion becomes more notable as the transverse diffusion increases. The simulation results of Geant4 indicate that the influence of secondary fragments on energy deposit distribution would be the main factor causing the distortion in higher energy range. In the region adjacent to the beam line where the contribution from ~(12)C ions dominates, the contributions from secondary fragments are ignorable. The further from the beam axis the region locates, the larger the contributions from secondary fragments, until the contributions from secondary fragments are ignorable. The further from the beam axis the region locates, the larger the contributions from secondary fragments, until the contributions from secondary fragments exceed that of ~(12)C. Among all the secondary fragments, the contributions of H, He and B ions are mostly notable. It is also found that some positron-emitting secondary fragments could be very useful for position emitting tomography (PET).
Analysis of Residual Thermal Stress in CVD-W Coating as Plasma Facing Material

Chemical vapor deposition-tungsten (CVD-W) coating covering the surface of the plasma facing component (PFC) is an effective method to implement the tungsten material as plasma facing material (PFM) in fusion devices. Residual thermal stress in CVD-W coating due to thermal mismatch between coating and substrate was successfully simulated by using a finite element method (ANSYS 10.0 code). The deposition parametric effects, i.e., coating thickness and deposition temperature, and interlayer were investigated to get a description of the residual thermal stress in the CVD-W coating-substrate system. And the influence of the substrate materials on the generation of residual thermal stress in the CVD-W coating was analyzed with respect to the CVD-W coating application as PFM. This analysis is beneficial for the preparation and application of CVD-W coating.
Standardization of Tritium Water by TDCR Method

The triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method of liquid scintillation counting is an absolute measurement method of radioactivity. The formulation of the TDCR method and the established TDCR liquid scintillation counter are presented in this paper. The NIST standard reference material (SRM) of tritium water was measured to verify the performance of the TDCR liquid scintillation counter.
Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion Strength and Thermal Stability of Cu/p-SiC:H/SiOC:H Film Stack by Plasma Treatment on the Surface of Cu Film

A highly reliable interface of self-aligned barrier CuSiN thin layer between the Cu film and the nano-porous SiC:H (p-SiC:H) capping barrier (k=3.3) has been developed in the present work. With the introduction of self-aligned barrier (SAB) CuSiN between a Cu film and a p-SiC:H capping barrier, the interfacial thermal stability and the adhesion of the Cu/p-SiC:H film are considerably enhanced. A significant improvement of adhesion strength and thermal stability of Cu/p-SiC:H/SiOC:H film stack has been achieved by optimizing the pre-clean step before cap-layer deposition and by forming the CuSiN-like phase. This cap layer on the surface of the Cu can provide a more cohesive interface and effectively suppress Cu atom migration as well.
水杨酸钠耳蜗毒性与Src的关系

水杨酸盐是临床上常用的解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗风湿药物,但其对听觉系统的副作用如可导致耳鸣、可逆性的30~40dB的听力下降等仍是临床上亟待解决的问题。研究已发现,水杨酸钠的耳毒性机制与谷氨酸受体N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-metlyl-d-aspartate,NMDA)介导的兴奋毒性有关,并且能通过内源性Src激酶家族调节。本文就水杨酸钠的耳蜗兴奋毒性及其与Src的关系进行综述。
偏头痛性眩晕

偏头痛(migraine)是一种原发性头痛,临床表现以神经系统、胃肠道以及自主神经的多种症状为特征,是一种复杂的神经性疾病。偏头痛的患病率为13%~16%,27%~33%的患者有发作性眩晕。大量文献报道了与偏头痛相关的耳神经科症状,都以眩晕为主要临床表现,包括青少年良性阵发性眩晕和成人复发性眩晕。偏头痛与眩晕之间的密切联系引起广大临床医生的关注。偏头痛性眩晕(migrainous vertigo, MV)是偏头痛引起的眩晕疾病,认识MV对于眩晕的诊断、鉴别及治疗有重要意义。现对MV的国内外相关研究进行综述。
牙源性角化囊肿的基础与临床之我见

牙源性角化囊肿(odontogenic keratocyst,OKC)1956年由Philipsen最先报道,是一种好发于上下颌磨牙区及下颌升支部颌骨内的囊性肿物,它的生长方式具有侵袭性、缺乏自限性,容易复发,有某些肿瘤的特征。OKC约占颌骨囊性病变的10%,男性多于女性,多表现为孤立性单发囊肿,约占90%,少数为多发,后者可伴发痣样基底细胞癌综合征(naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome,NBCCS),并有家族史。牙源角化囊肿可转变为或同时伴有成釉细胞瘤,也偶有癌变的报道。2005年WHO在对头颈部肿瘤的新分类中,将OKC划归为良性牙源性肿瘤,并命名为牙源性角化囊性瘤(keratocystic odontogenic tumor)。然而,目前国际上对此新命名还有争议,对本病的早期诊断、治疗方法和相关的基础研究还有待进一步的深入。
手纤维骨性假瘤1例

本病主要需与骨化性肌炎及骨旁骨肉瘤相鉴别。骨化性肌炎在临床上通常有明确的创伤史,X线和显微镜下均显示病变有明显的分层结构,病变中很少有软骨成分。骨旁骨肉瘤好发于长管状骨,边缘光整,常以无蒂的形式附着于骨的外面。治疗及预后:本病患者预后良好,治疗方法为将局部肿块完整切除,肿块切除后无复发倾向,若切除不彻底可复发,复发率为10%,但目前无恶变的报道。尽管FP少见,但其影像表现具有一定的特征性。X线、多普勒超声及MRI可提供本病的发病部位、肿瘤大小,以及瘤体向周围侵犯、病变质地和血供等信息,为临床诊断、鉴别诊断和制订手术方案提供参考依据。
矿物质与骨代谢紊乱增加慢性肾脏病患者病死率

慢性肾脏病-矿物质与古代写紊乱(CKD-MBD)包括在CKD患者中出现的矿物质代谢紊乱、肾性骨营养不良和血管钙化。在CKD患者,矿物质代谢紊乱表现为血钙磷失衡、维生素D缺乏、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)增加;肾性骨营养不良表现为骨质疏松和(或)高转化性、低转化性、混合性骨病;而血管钙化则主要表现为大动脉和中小动脉内膜、中膜的钙沉积。本文分析了以上病理生理异常与CKD患者生存率下降相关的现象及机制,探讨了目前常用的治疗CKD-MBD药物对CKD患者生存率的影响。
A male with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension caused by isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium

Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium (NVM) is a rare disease of endomyocardial morphogenesis characterized by numerous, prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. It is commonly associated with congenital heart disease. Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium (INVM) is thought to be caused by arrest of normal embryogenesis of the endocardium and myocardium. A significant amount of data on INVM are available for the left ventricle but right ventricular involvement is rare. Although congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and systemic thromboemboli have been described as three major clinical manifestations of NVM, pulmonary embolism (PE) is an uncommon event. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) caused by isolated noncompaction of the right entricular myocardium has never been reported. We describe a case of CTEPH associated with INVM and review the literature to improve the physician’s awareness of this disorder.
ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by very late stent thrombosis due to drug-eluting stent fracture

Although the incidence of coronary stent fracture (SF) is relatively rare, the increasing amount of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) indicates more cases of SF. The incidence of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) fracture is reported in 0.89% to 4.4% of patients at 6 to 12 months follow-up angiography post-PCI. Recently, SF has been recognized as a complication that may result in thrombosis, perforation, restenosis, and migration of the stent resulting in morbidity and mortality. Here we describe a rare case presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which was caused by very late stent thrombosis due to SES fracture, in order to help the physicians ensure rapid recognition and treatment of this urgent situation.
Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion as a valid model of schizophrenia: evidence from sensory gating study

Background The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model has been proposed as an experimental model for schizophrenia. NVHL rats display impaired central nervous system (CNS) inhibition, which may lead to a phenomenon similar to P50 sensory gating deficits observed in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we investigated whether sensory gating deficits occurred in the NVHL rat as a model for schizophrenia. Methods We created the NVHL rat model using ibotenate. The P20 and N40 were measured to assess sensory response and gating in NVHL and sham rats. Epidural electrodes recorded evoked potentials (EPs), from which latencies, amplitudes, difference scores (S1-S2), and gating ratios (S2/S1) were assessed. Results Compared with sham controls, prolonged S1 N40 latency and decreased S2 N40 amplitude were detected in the NVHL group. In neither difference scores nor gating ratios, a significant difference was found between NVHL group and sham controls. Conclusions NVHL rats may be a valid animal model for schizophrenia. This strategy will be useful in future neurobiological studies investigating the etiology of schizophrenia.
Expression and significance of myeloid differentiation factor 88 in marrow dendritic cells in asthmatic rats with cigarette smoke exposure

Background Smoking causes frequent asthma attacks, leading to a rapid decline in lung function in patients with asthma, and it can also reduce the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids in patients with asthma. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in marrow dendritic cells (DCs) in asthmatic rats, and to explore the molecular mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure on asthma by DCs. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, smoke exposure, asthma, and asthma combined with smoke exposure. The animal model was established, and then rat bone marrow-derived DCs were collected. Additionally, rat spleen lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived DCs were cultured together for mixed lymphocyte responses. Interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-12 expressions were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MyD88 expression was determined by Western blotting. The proliferation of lymphocytes was examined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Results MyD88 expression was decreased in the asthma combined with smoke exposure group compared to the asthma group (P <0.01), and IL-10 and IL-12 expressions were decreased in the asthma combined with smoke exposure group compared to control group (P <0.01). In addition, DCs stimulating activity on allogeneic lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the smoke exposure combined with asthma group compared to the control and asthma groups (P <0.01). After allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses, IL-4 expression was increased and IFN-gamma was decreased in the asthma group and the asthma combined with smoke exposure group compared to control group (P <0.01). IL-4 expression was increased and IFN-gamma was decreased in the asthma combined with smoke exposure group compared to the asthma group (P <0.01). The study also showed that MyD88 expression was positively correlated with IL-12 and IFN-gamma expressions and the activity of lymphocytes (P <0.01), and negatively correlated with IL-4 expression (P <0.01). Conclusions Smoking aggravates asthma by weankening immunological mechanism. MyD88-dependent pathways may play a role in the immunological balance and activation of lymphocytes.
Prognostic power of abnormal cytogenetics for multiple myeloma: a multicenter study in China

Background Chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to play an important prognostic role in multiple myeloma (MM). Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-FISH) has been much more effective to identify cytogenetic aberrations in MM than conventional cytogenetic technique (CC). To clearly determine the cytogenetic features of Chinese MM patients and identify their prognostic implications, we designed a multicenter study based on i-FISH including 672 patients from 52 hospitals in China. Methods All 672 patients were systematically screened for the following genomic aberrations: del(13q), IgH rearrangement, del(p53) and 1q21 amplifications. Results The analysis showed that the chromosomal changes were detected in 22.1% patients by CC and in 82.3% patients by i-FISH. The most common abnormalities by CC were chromosome 1 aberrations (48.4%), -13/13q- (37.6%), hyperdiploidy (36.6%), hypodiploidy (30.1%) and IgH rearrangements (23.7%). The most frequent abnormalities by FISH was del(13q), which was found in 60.4% patients, whereas IgH rearrangement, 1q21 amplification and p53 deletions were detected in 57.6%, 49.0% and 34.7% cases, respectively. By statistical analysis, -13/13q- by CC was associated with low level of platelet (P=0.015), hyperdiploidy was associated with low level of serum albumin (P=0.028), and IgH rearrangement by FISH was associated with high level of β2 microglobulin (P=0.019). Moreover, 1q21 amplification and del(p53) by FISH conferred a high incidence of progressive disease (PD) after initial therapy. Metaphase detection of IgH rearrangements and chromosome 1 aberrations concurrently was associated with a short progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.036). No significant prognostic implications of other cytogenetic abnormalities were found associated with overall survival and PFS. Conclusions Chinese MM patients had similar cytogenetic abnormalities compared with the previous reported studies. However, the prognostic significance of FISH aberrations were not clearly determined and further study is required.