mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Root Endophyte Shift and Key Genera Discovery in Rice under Barnyardgrass Stress

Despite increasing knowledge of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) interference with rice,relatively little is known how endophytes improve the ability of rice against barnyardgrass stress.Here,we provided a detailed temporal characterization of rice root-associated microbiomes during co-cultivation with barnyardgrass and a comparison with the microbiomes of weed-free rice plants.Alpha diversity analysis indicated that barnyardgrass had the opposite effects on endophytic bacteria and fungi in rice roots,in terms of the community diversity,richness and coverage at the rice seedling stage.Principal coordinate analysis showed that barnyardgrass had only a minor effect on the community composition of endophytes in rice roots at the rice seedling stage,but showed a significant and maximum interference at the heading stage.Rice recruited many endophytes to resist biotic stress from barnyardgrass,especially for fungi.PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) predictive analysis indicated that 23 metabolic pathways of bacteria were overrepresented in rice.In addition,the main trophic mode of fungi was pathotroph according to FUNGuild analysis.A positive correlation between bacteria and fungi in rice roots was found via network analysis.Anaeromyxobacter,Azospira and Pseudolabrys were the vital bacteria,Phaeosphaeria and Funneliformis were the dominant fungi in maintaining the stability of the ecological network.These results provided data and a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of what role endophytes play in rice resistance to barnyardgrass stress and will have implications on improving the resistance of rice against biotic stress using root microbiota.
On the Influences of Urbanization on the Extreme Rainfall over Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021: A Convection-Permitting Ensemble Modeling Study※

This study investigates the influences of urban land cover on the extreme rainfall event over the Zhengzhou city in central China on 20 July 2021 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting scale [1-km resolution in the innermost domain (d3)]. Two ensembles of simulation (CTRL, NURB), each consisting of 11 members with a multi-layer urban canopy model and various combinations of physics schemes, were conducted using different land cover scenarios: (i) the real urban land cover, (ii) all cities in d3 being replaced with natural land cover. The results suggest that CTRL reasonably reproduces the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms and the 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region, although the maximum hourly rainfall is underestimated and displaced to the west or southwest by most members. The ensemble mean 24-h rainfall accumulation over the key region of heavy rainfall is reduced by 13%, and the maximum hourly rainfall simulated by each member is reduced by 15-70 mm in CTRL relative to NURB. The reduction in the simulated rainfall by urbanization is closely associated with numerous cities/towns to the south, southeast, and east of Zhengzhou. Their heating effects jointly lead to formation of anomalous upward motions in and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), which exaggerates the PBL drying effect due to reduced evapotranspiration and also enhances the wind stilling effect due to increased surface friction in urban areas. As a result, the lateral inflows of moisture and high-θe (equivalent potential temperature) air from south and east to Zhengzhou are reduced.
Unprecedented Heatwave in Western North America during Late June of 2021: Roles of Atmospheric Circulation and Global Warming

An extraordinary and unprecedented heatwave swept across western North America (i.e., the Pacific Northwest) in late June of 2021, resulting in hundreds of deaths, a massive die-off of sea creatures off the coast, and horrific wildfires. Here, we use observational data to find the atmospheric circulation variabilities of the North Pacific and Arctic-Pacific-Canada patterns that co-occurred with the development and mature phases of the heatwave, as well as the North America pattern, which coincided with the decaying and eastward movement of the heatwave. Climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 6) are not designed to simulate a particular heatwave event like this one. Still, models show that greenhouse gases are the main reason for the long-term increase of average daily maximum temperature in western North America in the past and future.
Serrated flow accompanied with dynamic type transition of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in austenitic stainless steel

In order to further understand high-temperature deformation behavior and its-related mechanical properties,the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect in an Fe-19Cr-13Ni-0.2C austenitic stainless steel was investigated using high-temperature digital image correlation (DIC) analysis.Under the tensile testing at temperatures from 473 to 623 K,different types of serrated flow appeared even at a constant applied strain rate,and the type transition took place dynamically in a certain order with deformation time.DIC analysis revealed that the dynamic type transition of the serrated flow obeys the PLC band propagation behavior,and that the transition of the PLC band propagation behavior could be attributed to the PLC band nucleation manner.Numerical modeling also proved that the nucleation manner of PLC band nucleation is determined by the spatial-temporal coupling effect.
土壤-植被-水文耦合过程与机制研究进展

土壤-植被-水文耦合机制不仅是土壤学、生态水文学、地球系统科学等领域的研究热点,也是可持续发展研究的重要内容.然而,不同学科通常在不同的时空尺度上研究土壤-植被-水文耦合机制,不同尺度之间的机理联系研究较少.本文从不同空间尺度(从叶片气孔到流域/区域尺度)综述了土壤-植被-水文耦合研究的最新进展,总结了土壤-植被-水文耦合过程的空间升尺度方法和建模方法.不同尺度上6个典型的耦合过程与机制包括: (1)叶片气孔及根土界面的碳水交换; (2)植物根系和水分运移引起的土壤团聚体及剖面水力特性变化; (3)植物冠层与根系对降水及土壤水的再分配; (4)植被斑块与局部水文过程的相互作用; (5)植被群落演替与土壤发育的联系; (6)流域/区域水分收支与植被物候及生产力的联系.同时,针对土壤-植被-水文耦合过程的观测、机理、尺度转换方法和建模方法,分别分析了其现有研究存在的局限和认识瓶颈.为了深入整合不同时空尺度上的多种耦合过程,未来研究应加强多尺度、多要素、多过程的土壤-植被-水文耦合机制研究,开发新的尺度转换方法,识别不同的反馈路径,并在建模过程中考虑植物冠层参数和土壤水力参数的时变特性.
无创通气失败风险预测模型的研究进展

随着无创通气的发展和其循证医学证据的积累,无创通气的使用率逐年增加。在重症监护治疗病房(intensive care unit,ICU)中,无创通气作为呼吸衰竭患者的首选治疗手段占比达24%。国内外指南也强烈推荐将无创通气用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)急性加重、急性左心衰竭、免疫抑制等患者,也可选择性用于重症肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)等患者。但在临床实践中,并非所有患者在使用无创通气的过程中均可受益,在无创通气受益有限时最终被认定为无创通气失败。无创通气失败指在无创通气后需要气管插管或者死亡。无创通气失败率从5%到50%不等,并且由于无创通气失败导致气管插管而死亡的患者高达30%,高于一开始就接受机械通气的患者的病死率。在Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者中,无创通气失败者的院内病死率比初始直接行有创通气的患者更高(27%比23%,P<0.01)。在Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中,无创通气失败者的院内病死率也比初始直接行有创通气的患者高(38.4%比31.3%,P<0.01)。由此可见,在进行无创通气治疗时应尽早识别无创通气治疗失败的高风险人群,进而降低无创通气的失败率。近年来有许多学者构建了无创通气失败风险预测模型用于评估和筛查高风险人群,现将近年有关无创通气失败风险预测模型的研究进展综述如下。
解毒活血汤调控肠道菌群干预慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的机制研究

目的研究解毒活血汤调节肠道菌群对慢性前列腺炎作用机制。方法采用去势手术+雌激素皮下注射30天建立慢性前列腺炎大鼠模型。36只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(生理盐水,2ml·kg~(-1))、模型组(生理盐水,2ml· kg~(-1))、前列康片组(2ml· kg~(-1))和解毒活血汤低(2ml· kg~(-1))、中(4ml·kg~(-1))、高剂量组(8ml·kg~(-1)),每组6只,连续给药28天。造模及给药前后每组取3只大鼠新鲜粪便运用16S rRNA测序法检测大鼠肠道菌群丰度;苏木素-伊红染色观察各组大鼠前列腺组织病理炎症反应;RT - PCR方法检测大鼠前列腺组织中INF - γ、TNF - α、IL -1β、IL -2、IL -6表达情况。结果病理结果显示模型组大鼠前列腺组织间质增生及炎性细胞浸润明显,而解毒活血汤组大鼠前列腺组织间质增生减轻、炎症细胞浸润减少。RT - PCR结果示前列康片与解毒活血汤能降低大鼠前列腺组织中INF - γ、TNF - α、IL -1β、IL -2、IL -6等细胞因子表达水平。16S rRNA结果显示,较模型组对比,解毒活血汤能上调菌群丰度,降低物种多样性,提高大鼠肠道拟杆菌门、纲以及普氏菌属的丰度,改善肠道菌群结构。结论解毒活血汤能通过调控慢性前列腺炎模型大鼠肠道菌群P/B比例,调节肠道菌群组成,降低INF - γ、TNF - α、IL -1β、IL -6等细胞的表达,减轻大鼠前列腺组织炎症反应。
冠状动脉介入治疗导丝嵌顿残疾等级评定1例

因各种损伤造成人体组织器官内存留非本组织器官的物质,称异物存留;异物存留于心脏多为盲管性枪弹伤所致,也有少数锐器穿透心脏后留存,或异物沿周围静脉等血流带到心脏者。本例是因导丝嵌顿后采用冠状动脉内旋磨术将导丝磨断遗留于冠状动脉,留置导丝符合心脏异物残留,属于医源性血管腔异物。由于一般医源性血管腔内异物多与介入操作有关,故患者的损害后果与医院的诊疗行为具有因果关系。依《人体损伤致残程度分级》第5.9.3 15)条之规定,戴某的右冠状动脉导丝残留评定为人体损伤九级残疾。
腹部外伤致绞窄性肠梗阻死亡1例

本案例中,未见死者有肠道肿瘤、嵌顿疝、炎性狭窄、肠管及肠系膜解剖结构异常等可造成肠壁血运障碍的肠内外因素,提示外力是造成绞窄性肠梗阻的唯一因素。检查时发现腹腔积液呈血性,肠管肿胀向外膨出并呈暗红色;空回肠多处扭转、卡压,肠扭转处肠管挛缩狭窄;大网膜充血、水肿,并向肠扭转处移位。值得注意的是,肠梗阻发生后,由于梗阻段肠壁充血、水肿,使腹腔内小肠系统体积增大并向外膨出,同时大网膜由于牵拉作用不在位,对法医操作时的视野造成极大干扰,而肠扭转处肠管由于挛缩,隐藏于体积增大的小肠系统中,所以不易被发现。本案例提示,法医在面对腹部遭受外力后死亡的案例时,特别是在体表损伤不明显的情况下,不仅要对腹腔实质性器官进行认真检查,更要有序地对空、回肠进行逐段检查,认真分析腹腔积液产生的原因,才能避免漏诊。
中国农村土地制度改革的逻辑——评《农村土地制度改革的中国故事:地方政府行为的逻辑》

以土地制度改革为核心的要素市场化改革是实现社会主义现代化目标的重要手段之一。农村土地制度作为当代土地制度中的重要组成部分,不仅直接影响到农村土地资源配置及农业的内源发展,还关乎农民的持续增收及农村的长治久安,更决定了国家宏观稳定与经济社会的长远发展。改革开放以来,中国逐步形成了以公有制为基础,以耕地保护和节约用地为主线,以用途管制、农地征收、宅基地无偿分配为主要内容的中国特色农村土地制度。该制度为中国农村地区的稳定和城市地区的经济发展作出了重要历史贡献。但是,随着社会经济的快速发展,城乡发展不均衡、收入差距过大的矛盾愈演愈烈,对农村土地制度改革的呼声也日益高涨。
A novel edible packaging film based on chitosan incorporated with persimmon peel extract for the postharvest preservation of banana

This study aimed to develop a novel edible packaging film for the postharvest preservation of banana based on chitosan (CS) and persimmon peel extract (PPE). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that PPE was evenly distributed in the CS matrix and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that CS and PPE interacted to form hydrogen bonds, demonstrating good compatibility. Simultaneously, the addition of PPE also significantly improved the physical properties and antioxidant activity of the CS film. Among them, the CS film containing 10% PPE (CS-PPE 10) showed the optimal mechanical properties, water vapor barrier properties and oxygen barrier properties. The CS film containing 15% PPE (CS-PPE 15) exhibited the best thermal stability, UV-Vis barrier properties and antioxidant activity. In the experiment on banana preservation, CS-PPE 10 film obtained optimal performance on decreasing senescence spots, weight loss, fruit softening, and cell wall degradation, inhibiting the activities of polyphenol oxidase and cell wall-degrading enzymes and maintaining the content of total soluble sugar and ascorbic acid during the storage period. Consequently, CS-PPE 10 film was expected to be a novel edible packaging material to maintain banana quality and prolong shelf life.
Recent Advances in Non-Precious Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Single-Site Catalysts for CO_2 Electroreduction Reaction to CO

The carbon dioxide electroreduction reaction (CO_2 RR) to fuels and/or chemicals is an efficient prospective strategy to realize global carbon management using intermittent electric energy harvested from renewable sources. Highly efficient inexpensive electrocatalysts are required to achieve high energy and Faradaic efficiencies as well as fast conversion. Metal-nitrogen- carbon (M-N-C) single-site catalysts (SSCs) are highly competitive over precious metal catalysts in the CO_2 RR to CO due to their high performance, easy regulation and low cost. In the past six years, intensive studies of M-N-C SSCs for CO_2 RR to CO have been performed, and great progress has been achieved. This review focuses on the important topic of CO_2 RR to CO with M-N-C SSCs. We first introduce the reaction mechanism of the CO_2 RR to CO and the regulation of the electronic structure from a theoretical viewpoint. Then, the construction of M-N-C SSCs and the regulation of the electronic structure are demonstrated experimentally. The up-to-date electrocatalytic performance of M-N-C SSCs with different metal centers (Ni, Fe, Co and others) is summarized and compared systematically to highlight structure-performance correlations that were considered from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Finally, the opportunities, challenges and future outlooks are summarized to deepen and widen research and applications in this promising field.
Forage offering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofogus forests of southern Patagonia

Background:The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.1758) was introduced into different regions of the world,generating significant trade-offs that critically impacted native vegetation.Here,we evaluate the rabbit's forage intakes in three vegetation types (forests,shrublands,and grasslands) along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native vegetation.We formulated the following questions:(i) what is the forage offer at each vegetation type? (ii) what is the rabbit's forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year? and (iii) which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit's forage intakes? Methods:We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage offer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of pellets.The plant species identified in the field were grouped according to life form classes (tree regeneration,shrubs,forbs,graminoids,orchids,ferns,bryophytes,and hemiparasites).Data were analysed through uni- and multi-variate analyses,determining relationships between forage offer and the rabbit's forage intakes.Results:Forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types,where intake pressure was considerably different for tree regeneration (p = 0.001),graminoids (p = 0.001),and hemiparasites (p = 0.001).Besides,significant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs (p = 0.001),ferns (p = 0.030),and hemiparasites (p = 0.002).Although many species play an important role in the rabbit's forage intake networks (e.g.,Chiliotrichum diffusum,Holcus lanotus),the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses (e.g.,Pooprotensis and Festuco sp.),native hemiparasites (e.g.,Misodendrum sp.),native shrubs (e.g.,Empetrum rubrum),and native trees (e.g.,Nothofogus sp.).The summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons.Furthermore,hemiparasites intake (e.g.,Misodendrum sp.) suggests that rabbits utilize different forage sources depending on the vegetation types.Conclusions:Rabbits regularly inhabit the forest,even though it is not their preferred vegetation type to live.Rabbit management entails isolating regions that are more favourable to intake and emphasizing the year's season for rabbit control efforts.
The prevention role of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) on intestinal health

Spirulina is a popular herbal food that has a preventive effect on health.In the study,it aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) on the morphological properties of the duodenum of rats,and to assign the effect of Spirulina on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the rat duodenum,and thereby to observe the effects on intestinal health.30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups for 45 days.The first group was received the basal diet;the second group was given 500 mg/kg Spirulina daily by oral gavage;the third group was given 1 000 mg/kg Spirulina daily.The duodenum segments were taken at the end of the trial and processed for histological assay.Although the total mucosa,villus height and villus/cript ratio were found higher in high dose Spirulina,the lower cript depth was detected in same group compared to control and low dose group.A significant increase was observed at high dose compared to the control and low dose group in terms of PCNA expression intensity and proliferation index.Findings suggest that high dose of Spirulina may support the duodenal growth,and thereby intestinal health.
Influence of particle size and ionic strength on the freeze-thaw stability of emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate

The influence of particle size and ionic strength on the freeze-thaw (FT) stability of emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated in this study. The destabilization of emulsions during the FT process could be suppressed in a way by decreasing the particle size of the initial emulsions, which was the result of retarding the coalescence between oil droplets. To further improve the FT stability of emulsions, different amounts of NaCl were added before emulsification. The emulsions with the ionic strength at 30-50 mmol/L exhibited good FT stability. Notably, the ionic strength in this range would not lower the freezing point of emulsions below the freezing temperature used in this study. Salt addition could improve the structural properties of proteins, which was available to strengthen the rigidity and thickness of interfacial layers, sequentially building up the resistance that the destruction of ice crystals to emulsions. Moreover, stronger flocculation between emulsion droplets could promote the formation of a gel-like network structure dominated by elasticity in the emulsion system, which might effectively inhibit the movement of droplets, and improve the FT stability of emulsions eventually. The result was of great significance for the preparation of emulsion-based foods with improved FT stability.
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics with angular momentum

Hydrodynamics is a general theoretical framework for describing the long-time large-distance behaviors of macroscopic physical systems. It has many important applications in various branches of physics, from cosmic expansion and galaxy/star evolutions at the very large scales to relativistic nuclear collisions at the very small scales. The core of hydrodynamics is about physical quantities protected by exact conservation laws, such as energy, momentum and conserved charges. Past hydrodynamic studies almost entirely focus on the energy-momentum conservation and charge conservation. Only very recently, there has been a rapidly increasing interest in understanding the role of angular momentum conservation in the hydrodynamic context and its implications for spin transport of underlying constituents. Such interest is strongly fueled by experimental observations of spin polarization in rotating matter, with examples ranging from condensed matter flow systems to subatomic fluids in relativistic nuclear collisions.
Environmental bioavailability: a potentially overlooked element in triggering antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is unquestionably-one of the most severe, international public health crises that mankind faces now and in the next decades, with the latest data indicating global deaths quintuple over the past five years to claim nearly 5 million lives, which seems substantially underestimated the projected health impact (10 million deaths) and economic burden (US$100 trillion) of AMR by 2050. To counteract the burgeoning AMR crisis, the One Health initiative has called for international collective effort in improving human, animal and environmental health through integrated management of this interfacial triad. Among which, the environmental dimension is often underrepresented, especially soil compartment as the origin, reservoir and transmission route for propagating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbiota that exacerbate AMR. Despite a clear correlation between higher antimicrobial exposure to enhanced resistance can be established in the clinical setting, a direct causal dose-response relationship in the natural environment remains indistinct otherwise. It unveils a potential missing link that has been overlooked between the human-animal-environment interfaces while assessing the roles of antimicrobials in triggering resistance, which is bioavailability. This commentary intends to draw on the unique perspective of this often-secluded element, bioavailability, for environmental surveillance to monitor the partition and fate of bioavailable antimicrobials as well as to identify the threshold concentration that contributes to the development of resistance. Taking into account the bioavailability factor might be paramount in striking a balance between the necessity of antibiotic applications for safeguarding human health, preventing the growth of AMR and environmental protection.
Positioning solid-state sodium batteries in future transportation and energy storage

In accordance with the Paris Agreement, China has committed to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2030 and 2060, respectively. This places rechargeable batteries to the central stage because they are at the core of renewable energy technologies such as electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. On one hand, some emerging applications (such as power electric aircrafts and trucks) demand very high energy density. For this, we must solve both energy density and safety problems. Solid-state lithium batteries are the way to go. On the other hand, as a matter of fact, nearly 90% of the battery demand requires an energy density of lower than 200 Wh/kg. The majority of this huge demand is predicted to arise from transportation and energy storage sectors in 2030. This market of low-tomedium energy density is currently dominated by lithium-ion batteries based on a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO_4) cathode and a graphite (C) anode. However, raw materials supply, in particular lithium, is becoming an increasingly critical issue, which is also strongly related to geopolitical security. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rechargeable batteries with energy density similar to that of lithium iron phosphate batteries and at the same time, such batteries also need to have the characteristics of low cost and rich raw materials.
Mismatch between species distribution and climatic niche optima in relation to functional traits

Background: Forecasts of climate change impacts on biodiversity often assume that the current geographical distributions of species match their niche optima. However, empirical evidence has challenged this assumption, suggesting a mismatch. We examine whether the mismatch is related to functional traits along temperature or precipitation gradients. Methods: The observed distributions of 32 tree species in northeast China were evaluated to test this mismatch. Bayesian models were used to estimate the climatic niche optima, i.e. the habitats where the highest species growth and density can be expected. The mismatch is defined as the difference between the actual species occurrence in an assumed niche optimum and the habitat with the highest probability of species occurrence. Species’ functional traits were used to explore the mechanisms that may have caused the mismatches. Results: Contrasting these climatic niche optima with the observed species distributions, we found that the distribution-niche optima mismatch had high variability among species based on temperature and precipitation gradients. However, these mismatches depended on functional traits associated with competition and migration lags only in temperature gradients. Conclusions: We conclude that more relevant research is needed in the future to quantify the mismatch between species distribution and climatic niche optima, which may be crucial for future designs of forested landscapes, species conservation and dynamic forecasting of biodiversity under expected climate change.
Xiao et al.: first in-situ temperature measurements at the far side of the lunar surface

Knowledge of the thermal properties of material forming the near-surface layers of planetary bodies is of utmost importance both from a scientific and a technical point of view. On the Moon, the surface is covered by a several-metres-thick layer of so-called regolith, a fine powder made up mainly of irregular mineral particles in the micrometre size range. Such powders are highly porous and the grain size distribution as well as the geometric shape of the particles controls their thermal properties. In particular, under vacuum conditions, as on the lunar surface, such a regolith layer exhibits an extremely small thermal conductivity, of the order of 10~(-4)-10~(-3) W/m/K, and thus is a very good thermal isolator.