mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
NOVEL HYPERBRANCHED POLY（AMINE-ESTER） FILMS： PREPARATION,CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES

Crosslinked film of hyperbranched poly（amine-ester） （HPAE） was prepared by crosslinking its terminal hydroxyl groups with glutaraldehyde （GA）. Atom force microscope （AFM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） reveals that they have smooth surfaces, dense and homogenous matrices. It was found that the water static contact angle is smaller than 41.7°, the tensile strength is higher than 8.9 MPa, the elongation at break is higher than 5.1%, the swelling degree is higher than 42% in water, and the Bovine hemoglobin （Hb） adsorption is relatively low. These results indicate that the crosslinked HPAE films might have some potential applications in many areas.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYPROPYLENE MICROPOROUS MEMBRANES BY THE ADSORPTION OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS

Surface modification by physical adsorption of a series of non-ionic surfactants including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80 and Tween 85, was accomplished on polypropylene microporous hollow fiber and flat membranes. The adsorption curve of the membrane surface was analyzed by weight measurements and the typical results showed a two-platform character similarly. Differences in the degree and curve shape of adsorption resulting from such factors as concentration, temperature, as well as water cleaning time were observed for Tween 85 among other Tweens. Attenuated total reflection — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the adsorption of Tween on polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) is effective and occurs mainly in the pores of PPMMs at low adsorption amount, and on the membrane surface also at high adsorption value.
Effect of N Fertilization on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Apparent N Losses

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content (Nmin) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels (average 212 kg N ha-1). The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin (average 155 kg N ha-1) before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha-1,whereas the farmers' conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.
Environmental Problems From Tea Cultivation in Japan and a Control Measure Using Calcium Cyanamide

A field experiment, involving lime N (calcium cyanamide, CaCN2) fertilization as a control measure, was conducted to study environmental problems induced by long-term heavy N application in Japanese tea fields. Long-term tea cultivation caused serious soil acidification. Seventy-seven percent of the 70 tea fields investigated had soil pH values below 4.0, and9% below 3.0, with the lowest value of 2.7. Moreover, excess N application in tea fields put a threat to plant growth,induced serious nitrate contamination to local water, and caused high nitrous oxide loss. Compared with the conventional high N application treatment (1 100 kg N ha-1) without lime N, the low N application (400 kg N ha-1) with calcium cyanamide effectively stopped soil acidification as well as achieved the same or slightly higher levels in tea yield and in total N and amino acid contents of tea shoots. The application of calcium cyanamide could be a suitable fertilization for the prevention of environmental problems in tea cultivation.
Annual and Monthly Variations in Litter Macronutrients of Three Subalpine Forests in Western China

Macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) in litter of three primarily spruce (Picea purpurea Masters) (SF), fir (Abies faxoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson) (FF), and birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) (BF) subalpine forests in western China were measured to understand the monthly variations in litter nutrient concentrations and annual and monthly nutrient returns via litterfall. Nutrient concentration in litter showed the rank order of Ca ＞ N ＞ Mg ＞ K ＞ S ＞ P. Monthly variations in nutrient concentrations were greater in leaf litter (LL) than other litter components. The highest and lowest concentrations of N, P, K, and S in LL were found in the growing season and the nongrowing season, respectively, but Ca and Mg were the opposite. Nutrient returns via litterfall showed a marked monthly pattern with a major peak in October and one or two small peaks in February and/or May, varying with the element and stand type, but no marked monthly variations in nutrient returns via woody litter, reproductive litter, except in May for the BF, and moss litter. Not only litter production but also nutrient concentration controlled the annual nutrient return and the monthly nutrient return pattern. The monthly patterns of the nutrient concentration and return were of ecological importance for nutrient cycling and plant growth in the subalpine forest ecosystems.
C333H, a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist, has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism

Aim： To examine the effects of novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR）α/γ dual agonist C333H on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Methods： An established dual-luciferase reporter gene assay system was used in vitro to test the activity of C333H with respect to the transcription of human PPARα and PPARγ. A preadipocyte differentiation assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the functional activities of C333H. In db/db mice, the effects of C333H were investigated with respect to lowering of blood glucose and lipid levels. Results： C333H was determined to be a novel PPARct/）, dual agonist because it strongly induced luciferase activity on human PPARα and PPARγ promoting the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, and functioning in upregulating the expression of some glucose and lipid metabolic target genes of the PPAR. In addition, C333H efficiently reduced blood lipid and glucose concentrations in db/db diabetic mice. Conclusion： C333H has dual action on both PPARα and PPARγ and might be of interest for the amelioration of lipid metabolic disorders and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes.
Spatial Patterns of Soil Heavy Metals in Urban-Rural Transition Zone of Beijing

To identify the main sources responsible for soil heavy metal contamination, 70 topsoils were sampled from the Daxing County in the urban-rural transition zone of Beijing. The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni,As, Se, Hg, and Co; the soil texture; and the organic matter content were determined for each soil sample. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data, and Kriging analysis was used to estimate the unobserved points and to map the spatial patterns of soil heavy metals. The results showed that the concentrations of all the soil heavy metals exceeded their background levels with the exception of As and Se. However, only the Cd concentration in some areas exceeded the critical value of the national soil quality standard. The semivariance analysis showed that the spatial correlation distances for soil Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Ni, and Co ranged from 4.0 to 7.0 km, but soil Se, Pb, and Hg had a larger correlation distance. Soil Co, Se, Cd, Cu and Zn showed a strong spatial correlation, whereas the other soil heavy metals showed medium spatial correlation. Soil heavy metal concentrations were related to soil texture, organic matter content, and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soils, which was because of air deposition and use of water from the Liangshui, Xinfeng, and Fenghe rivers that are contaminated by wastewater and sewage for the purpose of irrigation of fields. Hence, a comprehensive treatment plan for these rivers should be formulated.
Organic Matter Enrichment and Aggregate Stabilization in a Severely Degraded Ultisol After Reforestation

Three types of soils: an eroded barren soil under continuous fallow, an eroded soil transplanted with Lespedeza shrubs(Lespedeza bicolor), and an eroded soil transplanted with camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) were investigated to quantify organic matter pools and aggregates in reforested soils using physical fractionation techniques and to determine aggregate stability in relation to the enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil organic matter (SOM) was physically fractionalized into free particulate organic matter (fPOM), occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM), and mineralassociated organic matter (mOM). The SOM was concentrated on the surface soil (0-5 cm), with an average C sequestration rate of 20-25 g C m-2 year-1 over 14 years. As compared to the eroded barren land, organic C content of fPOM, oPOM,and mOM fractions of the soil under Lespedeza and under camphor tree increased 12-15, 45-54, and 3.1-3.5 times,respectively. A linear relationship was found between aggregate stability and organic C (r2 = 0.45, P ＜ 0.01), oPOM(r2 = 0.34, P ＜ 0.05), and mOM (r2 = 0.46, P ＜ 0.01) of aggregates. The enrichment of organic C improved aggregate stability of the soil under Lespedeza but not that under camphor tree. However, further research is needed on the physical and biological processes involved in the interaction of soil aggregation and SOC sequestration in ecosystem.
Effects of molybdenum on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni

The effects of Mo on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti（C,N）-based cermets with low Ni have been studied systematically. Different contents of Mo （4-12 wt.%） were added into Tl（C,N）-based cermets. Specimens were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy and vacuum sintered at temperatures of 1440, 1450, and 1460℃ individually. The microstructure and fracture morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties such as transverse strength and hardness were measured. The results show that the microstructure is uniform and the thickness of rim phase is moderate when the content of Mo is 8 wt.%; the mechanical properties of the specimens sintered at 1450℃ are better than those sintered at 1440 and 1460℃. The integrated properties of transverse strength and hardness are the best when the content of Mo is 8 wt.% and the sintering temperature is 1450℃.
Magnetron sputtering deposition of [FePt/Ag]n multilayers for perpendicular recording

[FePt/Ag]n multilayers were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and ex situ annealed at 550℃ for 30 min. The effects of inserted Ag layer thickness and the number of bilayer repetitions （n） on the structure and magnetic properties of the multilayers were investigated. It was found that the difference between in-plane and out-of-plane coercivities varied with an increase of inserted Ag layer thickness in the [FePt 2 nm/Ag x nm]10 multilayers. The ratio of out-of-plane coercivity to in-plane coercivity reached the maximum value with the Ag layer thickness of 5 nm, indicating that the Ag layer thickness plays an important role in obtaining perpendicular orientation. For the [FePt 2 nm/Ag 5 um]n multilayers, perpendicular orientation is also influenced by n. The maximum value of the ratio of out-of-plane coercivity to in-plane coercivity appeared when n was given as 8. It was found that the [FePt 2 nm/Ag 5 nm]8 had a high perpendicular coercivity of 520 kA/m and a low in-plane one of 88 kA/m, which shows a strong perpendicular anisotropy.
D-B-Preinvex Type Mappings

In this paper, such new definitions as D-B-preinvexity, strictly D-B-preinvexity and explicitly D-B-preinvexity for vector-valued mappings are firstly introduced. Then, a sufficient condition of D-B-preinvex mappings is shown. And then the relationship between the explicitly D-B-preinvexity and the strictly D-B-preinvexity is discussed. Finally, some properties of D-B-preinvex type mappings are given.
Soft Control on Collective Behavior of a Group of Autonomous Agents By a Shill Agent

This paper asks a new question: how can we control the collective behavior of self-organized multi-agent systems? We try to answer the question by proposing a new notion called ‘Soft Control’, which keeps the local rule of the existing agents in the system. We show the feasibility of soft control by a case study. Consider the simple but typical distributed multi-agent model proposed by Vicsek et al. for flocking of birds: each agent moves with the same speed but with different headings which are updated using a local rule based on the average of its own heading and the headings of its neighbors. Most studies of this model are about the self-organized collective behavior, such as synchronization of headings. We want to intervene in the collective behavior (headings) of the group by soft control. A specified method is to add a special agent, called a ‘Shill’, which can be controlled by us but is treated as an ordinary agent by other agents. We construct a control law for the shill so that it can synchronize the whole group to an objective heading. This control law is proved to be effective analytically and numerically. Note that soft control} is different from the approach of distributed control}. It is a natural way to intervene in the distributed systems. It may bring out many interesting issues and challenges on the control of complex systems.
Modeling Density and Anisotropy of Energetic Electrons Along Magnetic Field Lines

The electromagnetic wave growth or damping depends basically on the number density and anisotropy of energetic particles as the resonant interaction takes place between the particles and waves in the magnetosphere. The variance of both the number density and anisotropy along the magnetic field line is evaluated systematically by modeling four typically prescribed distribution functions. It is shown that in the case of ＂the positive anisotropy＂ （namely, the perpendicular temperature T⊥ exceeds the parallel temperature T｜｜）, the number density of energetic electrons always decreases with the magnetic latitude for a regular increasing magnetic field and the maximum wave growth is therefore generally confined to the equator where the resonant energy is minimum, and the number density is the largest. However, the ＂loss-cone＂ anisotropy of the electrons with a ＂pancake＂ distribution or kappa distribution keeps invariant or nearly invariant, whereas the ＂temperature＂ anisotropy with a pure bi-Maxwellian distribution or Ashour-Abdalla and Kennel＇s distributions decreases with the magnetic latitude. The results may provide a useful approach to evaluating the number density and anisotropy of the energetic electrons at latitudes where the observation information is not available.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOIL MOISTURE USING DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

An experiment of measuring soil moisture was carried out by using dual-frequency microwave radiometer designed by the authors. The measured data were analyzed by using statistical regression method and the empirical regression model of retrieving soil moisture in L-band and C-band was developed. The soil moisture in a rainfall event was retrieved using the experiential regression model, which is consistent well with the field sampling value. The results show that when soil moisture is lower than 75%, the brightness temperature is linear with soil moisture. However, when soil moisture is higher than 75%, the brightness temperature is not linear with soil moisture, so it is difficult for microwave radiometer to measure the changes of soil moisture. The experiment verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of microwave remote sensing soil moisture, Although this method for linear regression based on the data measured with the radiometer is simple, and has strong adaptability, generally it has only local application value, and lacks universal applicability for different areas and different conditions.
STATUS AND DYNAMIC CHANGE OF REGIONAL MANLAND SYSTEM IN VIEW OF MICRO-LEVEL QUANTITATIVE ASPECT--Case Study of Gongyi City of Henan Province

A micro-level analysis on man-land system is important in understanding the content of human geography in rural areas, particularly in the different regions. This paper is based on a survey undertaken in the three villages of Wugou Village, Hutuo Village, and Xiaonan Village of Gongyi City, ltenan Province in April 2003. The survey covers three types of economic and social activities from 214 households. Data collected include 120 attributes for each household. By using theories from the relevant disciplines such as geography, mathcmatics, physics, ecology, and system sciences, this paper develops a framework employing the concept of system entropy in the status function of the man-land system. In this framework, the entropy change is used to show the evolution of the system, and the entropy flow to express the flow among the spatial parts of the system. Following the framework, and using a large set of household data from surveys, the paper makes a quantitative analysis of the village-level man-land system from a micro-perspective. After a theoretical investigation, the corresponding strategies in the paper are then put forward in order to adjust the unbalanced trend of the village man-land system from both perspectives of small-area and individual actors.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF CHINA'S VEGETATION

Based on the fractal theory, the spatial structure of China＇s vegetation has been analyzed quantitatively in this paper. Some conclusions are drawn as the following. 1） The relationships between size and frequency of patch area and patch shape index exist objectively for China＇s vegetation. 2） The relationships between perimeter and area exist objectively for China＇s vegetation. 3） The fractal dimension of evergreen needleleaf forests on mountains in subtropical and tropical zones is the largest, while the smallest for deciduous broadleafand evergreen needleleaf mixed forests in temperate zone, reflecting the most complex spatial structure for evergreen needleleaf forests on mountains in subtropical and tropical zones and the simplest for deciduous broadleaf and evergreen needleleaf mixed forests in temperate zone. 4） The fractal dimensions of China＇s vegetation types tend to decrease from thc subtropics to both sides. 5） The stability of spatial structure of deciduous broadleaf and evergreen needleleaf mixed forests in temperate zone is the largest, while the smallest for double-cropping rice, or double-cropping rice and temperate-like grain, and tropical evergreen economic tree plantations and orchards, reflecting the steadiest for deciduous broadleaf and evergreen needleleaf mixed forests in temperate zone and the most unstable for double-cropping rice, or double-cropping rice and temperate-like grain, and tropical evergreen economic tree plantations and orchards in spatial structure. 6） The stability of spatial structure of China＇s vegetation tends to decrease from the temperate zone to both sides, it is significantly pertinent to understand the formation, evolution, dynamics and complexity rule of ecosystem of vegetation.
Refractive Focusing by Interstellar Clouds and the Rapid Polarization Angle Swing in QSO 1150＋812

A very rapid polarization position angle swing of -180° （with a time scale of ,-6 hours） observed at 2 cm in QSO 1150＋812 （z = 1.25） was reported by Kochenov ＆ Gabuzda. This very rare event is difficult to explain. We found a possible interpretation in the framework of a source model consisting of three polarized components, in which two compact polarized components are nearly simultaneously occulted by an interstellar cloud, with consequent focusing-defocusing effects. A specific plasma-lens model is proposed which can reasonably fit the polarized flux density curve with results derived for the two lensed components. Some physical parameters of the plasma-lens and the source components are estimated. The two compact polarized components are estimated to have brightness temperatures of -6 ×10^12 K. Thus a bulk relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor less than 10 is required to meet the inverse-Compton limit.
Dependence of Upper Atmosphere Photochemistry on the Shape of the Diurnal Cycle of the Photolysis Rates

A photochemical model of the atmosphere constitutes a non-linear, non-autonomous dynamical system, enforced by the Earth＇s rotation. Some studies have shown that the region of the mesopause tends towards non-linear responses such as period-doubling cascades and chaos. In these studies, simple approximations for the diurnal variations of the photolysis rates are assumed. The goal of this article is to investigate what happens if the more realistic, calculated photolysis rates are introduced. It is found that, if the usual approximations-sinusoidal and step fiunctions—are assumed, the responses of the system axe similar： it converges to a 2-day periodic solution. If the more realistic, calculated diurnal cycle is introduced, a new 4-day subharmonic appear.
Glacial Thermohaline Circulation and Climate：Forcing from the North or South？

Based on the evidence available from both observations and model simulations, the author proposes a view that may provide a unified interpretation of the North Atlantic thermohaline variability. Because of the slow response time of the Southern Ocean （millennia） and the relatively faster response time of the North Atlantic （centuries）, the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation is controlled predominantly by the climate forcing over the Southern Ocean at the long glacial cycle timescales, but by the North Atlantic climate forcing at the short millennial timescaies.
Correlated Noises in a Prey-Predator Ecosystem

We investigate a Volterra ecosystem driven by correlated noises. The fluctuation in the death rate of the predator induces an increase of population density of the predators. The fluctuation in the growth rate of the prey, however, leads the predators to decay. It is reported that the predators undergo sensitivity to a random environment, whereas the preys exhibit a surprising endurance to the same stochastic factor. The predators are of better stability under strong correlation of noises.
A MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Power Generator for Low Frequency Vibration  Energy Harvesting

A novel power generator has been achieved to convert vibration to electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. The generator obtained by micro fabrication process mainly consists of silicon based frame and composite cantilever. The prototype tested at resonant vibration generates 1.15μW of effective power to a 20.4-kΩ resistance load. The potential of this work is to offer miniaturization solutions for power generators, and with the proposed method the ambient ubiquitous vibration can be harvested effectively as endless energy source to form an integrated self-powering system.