mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Contamination, Fractionation and Availability of Metals in Urban Soils in the Vicinity of Former Lead and Zinc Smelters, France

Soil contamination by metals from anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining and smelting) is a major concern for the environment and human health. Environmental availability of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and indium (In) in 27 urban soils located around two former Pb and Zn smelters in Northern France were studied by analysing the chemical forms of these metals and evaluating their phytoavailability. These metals were determined using flame or electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry (FAAS or ETAAS), depending on their concentration levels. After optimisation of the ETAAS method, characteristic mass of In in water and aqua regia were 9.9 and 18 pg, respectively, showing the high sensitivity of the analytical procedure. Metal partitioning was conducted using a four-step sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that Cd and Zn were mainly in the acid-extractable and reducible forms in the urban soils studied. In contrast, Pb and In were largely in the reducible fraction. However, in some samples, the amount of In extracted in the residual or exchangeable fraction was higher than that in the reducible fraction. Copper was mainly found in the reducible and residual fractions. A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse with seven soils (six contaminated and one uncontaminated) and two plant species, ryegrass and lettuce. The results showed transfer of metals from the contaminated soils to the shoots of ryegrass and the edible part of lettuce. The metal bioconcentration factor was in the order of Cd ? Cu > In > Zn ? Pb for lettuce leaves, whereas for ryegrass shoots, three orders were found, Cd > Zn > Cu ? In > Pb, Cd ≥ In > Zn > Cu ? Pb, and Zn > Cd > Cu > In > Pb, depending on the physico-chemical properties of the soils, such as pH, cation exchange capacity, carbonates, and organic matter. It was established that the metal toxicity was related to the contamination levels and the physico-chemical properties, including pH, organic matter, and in a lesser extent, Ca, Mg, and phosphorus contents, of the soils. However, it was shown that lettuce could grow on soils having high Cd and CaCO_3 contents. Cadmium was one of the most available metals while Pb was always the least available in the soils studied.
特早熟双低油菜杂交种青杂7号高产制种技术研究

青杂7号的高产制种适宜区域为海拔2 500 -2 700 m，年平均气温2 ~ 3℃的冷凉地区，制种隔离距离不小于1000m，父母本行比2:6，田间制种密度52.5万~57万株/hm~2，尿素施用量150 ~ 187.5 kg/hm~2，磷酸二铵施用量450 ~ 525 kg/hm~2为宜。制种区花期必须要有蜜蜂辅助授粉。
杂交稻香两优875制种技术示范

香两优875是用香型恢复系黔香恢875，与香型两系不育系360s组配而成的全香型两系杂交香稻。2008年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定（审定编号：2008010). 2010年在贵州省印江县进行32 hm2制种技术示范，实施合理的管理方法。父、母本的叶龄错期为5. 7 ~ 6. 5叶。父、母本的播差期为25 ~ 32 d，父本播期分别为4月18日和4月25日，母本的播期为5月20日。父、母本的栽插行比为2:10。母本密度穴距21.5 cm × 27cm，每穴栽插2~3苗。具体制种产量，按高、中、低3类田块分别为3 567.2 kg/hm~2、3 193.8 kg/hm~2、3 017.2 kg/hm~2，平均3 210.2/hm~2。本文详细介绍了该组合在贵州省制种生产中的特点和有关问题。
高产、大穗型玉米新品种卓玉818的选育

卓玉818（高登818）是贵州卓豪农业科技有限公司利用自育自交系H511与自交系JM-2组配的优质高产、大穗型杂交玉米新品种，于2007 ~ 2008年度进入贵州省玉米区试，并完成生产试验；在区试中平均单产624.4 kg/667m~2，比对照遵玉3号增产9.56%，生产试验中平均单产621.6 kg/667m~2，较对照增产11.78%。株高257 cm，穗位高104 cm，成株叶片数23 ~ 26片。果穗长筒型，穗长21.6 cm，穗粗5.8cm，穗行数17.3行，行粒数36.7粒，穗轴红色。出苗至成熟124 d，比对照长1d，中抗大斑、纹枯和茎腐病，感小斑病和丝黑穗病，抗倒性较强。
南校糯96春季不同播种期试验初探

以新育成的鲜食型糯玉米杂交种南校糯96为试材进行春季播期试验，结果表明：随着播期的推迟，糯玉米的各生育阶段及全生育期缩短；鲜食糯玉米在南宁地区春季适宜的播种时间为3月8日到3月26日，此期间播种各个性状表现较优，鲜苞产量可达1 000 kg/667 m~2以上。
桃叶卫矛种子发芽影响因素研究

发芽试验作为种子质量检验的重要项目，其主要目的是测定和评估种子的最大发芽潜力。对桃叶卫矛种子温度、光照、浸种、砂藏处理的发芽试验表明，在黑暗条件下发芽率明显高于光照条件下的发芽率；干播的种子发芽率高于浸种处理的种子发芽率。在4℃下砂藏20 d后转入25℃高温条件下桃叶卫矛种子发芽率高达90.75%。
模拟酸雨对几种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了模拟酸雨（pH值分别为2.5、3.0、4.0、5.0和6.5）对三种农作物（大麦、水稻和油菜）和2种蔬菜作物（棒菜和儿菜）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：随着pH值的下降，5种作物种子的最终发芽率、幼苗的根长和苗长均呈降低的趋势，均受到不同程度的抑制。当pH值降到最低2.5（酸度最强）时，5种作物种子均有部分种子发生霉烂现象。
望谟红球油茶优树因子分析与评价

为更好选择望谟红球优良单株，对2009 ~ 2011年望谟红球油茶复选34株优树经济性状与形态构成的12个指标的联系因子进行矩阵关联分析。优树调查指标经关联因子分析、KMO和Bartlett's检验后，望谟红球油茶优树特征多个指标之间贡献值相当。通过标准化处理后，KMO值达到0.638，得到1个简单的单位矩阵。进一步进行总方差分析，前3个因子的贡献率达到78.933%，正交旋转的因子负荷矩阵和因子转化矩阵得到3组公因子，根据因子权重得分选定了优树编号为1018、1011、1007、1022、1016等4个候选优株，研究结果为望谟红球良种选育奠定基础。
Association Between Diurnal Temperature Range and Respiratory Tract Infections

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between emergency‐room visits for respiratory tract infection (RTI) with diurnal temperature range (DTR), a weather parameter closely associated with urbanization and global climate change. Methods We conducted a semiparametric time‐series analysis to estimate the percentage increase in emergency‐room visits for RTI associated with changes in DTR after adjustment for daily weather conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and outdoor air pollution. Results DTR was significantly associated with daily emergency‐room visits for RTI. An increase of 1 °C in the current‐day (L0) and in the 2‐day moving average (L01) DTR corresponded to a 0.94% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34%‐1.55%] and 2.08% (95% CI, 1.24%‐2.93%) increase in emergency‐room visits for RTI, respectively. Conclusion DTR was associated with increased risk of RTI. More studies are needed to understand the impact of DTR on respiratory health.
COMPOSITION AND RHEOLOGY OF POLYAMIDE-6 OBTAINED BY USING BI- AND TRI-FUNCTIONAL COUPLING AGENTS

A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam (an AB-type monomer) and of a di-acid (A_2 type) or a tri-acid (A_3 type) as coupling agents. For this composition, the linear rheological behavior of these systems is predicted using a tube-based theory. This allows us to show that while coupling agents of type A_2 can be seen as flow improver, the effect of branching agents of type A_3, depending on the synthesis recipe and the conversion level, can lead either to an increase or to a decrease of the viscosity. By adding specific amount of these agents, we also show that it is possible to obtain materials with the same zero-shear viscosity but with different shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, the polydispersity of linear samples of the same average number molecular weight, M_n, is discussed in function of the amount of A_2 monomers they contain. Ranging from 2 to 1.5, this difference in polydispersity is expected to have a significant influence on the processing behavior of such materials.
ANIONIC SYNTHESIS OF A “CLICKABLE” MIDDLE-CHAIN AZIDE-FUNCTIONALIZED POLYSTYRENE AND ITS APPLICATION IN SHAPE AMPHIPHILES

“Click chemistry” is, by definition, a general functionalization methodology (GFM) and its marriage with living anionic polymerization is particularly powerful in precise macromolecular synthesis. This paper reports the synthesis of a “clickable” middle-chain azide-functionalized polystyrene (mPS-N_3) by anionic polymerization and its application in the preparation of novel shape amphiphiles based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The mPS-N_3 was synthesized by coupling living poly(styryl)lithium chains (PSLi) with 3-chloropropylmethyldichlorosilane and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the chloro group in the presence of sodium azide. Excess PSLi was end-capped with ethylene oxide to facilitate its removal by flash chromatography. The mPS-N3 was then derived into a giant lipid-like shape amphiphile in two steps following a sequential “click” strategy. The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition between mPS-N_3 and alkyne-functionalized vinyl-substituted POSS derivative (VPOSS-alkyne) ensured quantitative ligation to give polystyrene with VPOSS tethered at the middle of the chain (mPS-VPOSS). The thiol-ene reaction with 1-thioglycerol transforms the vinyl groups on the POSS periphery to hydroxyls, resulting in an amphiphilic shape amphiphile, mPS-DPOSS. This synthetic approach is highly efficient and modular. It demonstrates the “click” philosophy of facile complex molecule construction from a library of simple building blocks and also suggests that mPS-N_3 can be used as a versatile “clickable” motif in polymer science for the precise synthesis of complex macromolecules.
POLYROTAXANE WITH π-CONJUGATED PORPHYRIN AND POLYAZOMETHINE SYSTEMS PREPARED FROM A TYPE OF PORPHYRIN-DIALDEHYDE AND COMPLEX OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN WITH 1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

The synthesis of 5,15-bis[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (2) and its reduction to 5,15-bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (3), and so its oxidation to provide 5,15-bis(4-formylphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin (4) are reported. The copolymer possessing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), π-conjugated porphyrin and polyazomethine systems was synthesized by the polycondensation of porphyrin-dialdehyde monomer (4) and β-cyclodextrin/1,4-phenylenediamine complex (5). The monomers and the copolymer were characterized by UV-Vis, ~1H-NMR and IR spectra. Furthermore, ~1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed locating the aromatic ring of 1,4-phenylenediamine molecule in the center of β-cyclodextrin cavity.
Effects of temperature, algae biomass and ambient nutrient on the absorption of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate by Rhodophyte Gracilaria asiatica

Gracilaria asiatica, being highly efficient in nutrient absorption, is cultivated in sea cucumber ponds to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate. It was cultured in a laboratory simulating field conditions, and its nutrient absorption was measured to evaluate effects of environmental conditions. Ammonia nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) uptake rate and removal efficiency were determined in a 4×2 factorial design experiment in water temperatures (T) at 15°C and 25°C, algae biomass (AB) at 0.5 g/L and 1.0 g/L, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) at 30 μmol/L and 60 μmol/L, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) at 3 and 6 μmol/L. AB and ambient TIN or SRP levels significantly affected uptake rate and removal efficiency of AN, NN, TIN, and SRP (P< 0.001). G. asiatica in AB of 0.5 g/L showed higher uptake rate and lower removal efficiency relative to that with AB of 1.0 g/L. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rate rose with increasing ambient nutrient concentrations; nutrient removal efficiency decreased at higher environmental nutrient concentrations. The algae preferred to absorb AN to NN. Uptake rates of AN, NN, and SRP were significantly affected by temperature (P< 0.001); uptake rate was higher for the 25°C group than for the 15°C group at the initial experiment stage. Only the removal efficiency of AN and SRP showed a significant difference between the two temperature groups (P< 0.01). The four factors had significant interactive effects on absorption of N and P, implying that G. asiatica has great bioremedial potential in sea cucumber culture ponds.
COPOLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE AND 1-HEXENE WITH TiCl_4/MgCl_2 CATALYSTS MODIFIED BY 2,6-DIISOPROPYLPHENOL

A supported TiCl_4/MgCl_2 catalyst without internal electron donor (O-cat) was prepared firstly. Then it was modified by 2,6-diisopropylphenol to make a novel modified catalyst (M-cat). These two catalysts were used to catalyze ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and 1-hexene homopolymerization. The influence of cocatalyst and hydrogen on the catalytic behavior of these two catalysts was investigated. In ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization, the introduction of 2,6-~iPr_2C_6H_3O-groups did not deactivate the supported TiCl_4/MgCl_2 catalyst. Although the 1-hexene incorporation in ethylene/1-hexene copolymer prepared by M-cat was lower than that prepared by O-cat, the composition distribution of the former was narrower than that of the latter. Methylaluminoxane (MAO) was a more effective activator for M-cat than triisobutyl-aluminium (TIBA). MAO led to higher yield and more uniform chain structure. In 1-hexene homopolymerization, the presence of 2,6-~iPr_2C_6H_3O-groups lowered the propagation rate constants. Two types of active centers with a chemically bonded 2,6-~iPr_2C_6H_3O-group were proposed to explain the observed phenomena in M-cat.
肾活检术后排尿困难患者行抬高床头排尿的护理

对肾活检术6h后出现排尿困难的46例患者，在进行充分评估后，采取利用手摇柄抬高床头30~45°的方法诱导自行排尿，在操作中尽量避免患者腰腹部肌肉主动收缩。结果37例患者成功完成了自行排尿，9例需行导尿术，其中5例出现一过性肉眼血尿，未观察到肾周血肿等严重并发症。
21世纪初中国人工建设不透水地表遥感监测与时空分析

进入21世纪中国快速的城市化、工业化受到世界瞩目.基于国家资源环境遥感时空信息平台动态更新的中国土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)数据集以及人工建设不透水地表(ISA)空间数据集,在国家尺度监测21世纪初(2000~2008年)人工建设用地与不透水地表的增长.结果表明,我国21世纪初8年间受新一轮国土开发战略、社会经济高速增长等因素的影响,全国人工建设用地与不透水地表面积分别以3468.30,2212.24 km~2/a的速度高速增长,到2008年不透水地表面积占国土总面积的0.86%.2000~2008年城市用地扩张速度是20世纪90年代的2.18倍,以1788.22 km~2/a的平均速度扩张了2000年面积的43.46%,其中城市不透水地表面积以1348.85 km~2/a的速度增长了2000年面积的53.30%.总体上,8年间中国城市不透水地表面积呈现高速增长的态势,京津冀、珠三角与长三角三大城市群以及西部地区属于快速增长的区域.8年间,我国七大流域地表水环境均不同程度地受到不透水地表增长的潜在影响,而且不透水地表面积比例大于10%的子流域面积显著增加,集中分布在海河、长江、珠江三大流域.到2008年我国国土流域面积的14.42%不同程度地受到不透水地表分布的影响.
我国沙区人工植被系统生态-水文过程和互馈机理研究评述

土壤水分是沙区主要的生态限制因子,沙区植被组成、格局和过程取决于水文过程,植被的演替又改变着水文过程.本文评述了干旱沙区人工固沙植被生态-水文过程研究所取得的进展,并以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区人工固沙植被的演变为例,分析了50余年来我国在该领域的主要研究成果,进而结合沙区植被建设存在的主要科学问题,提出了未来研究的重点.
基于AMSR-E的微波波段地表发射率反演——以青藏高原为例

青藏高原以其独特的特征在气候变化中起着重要的作用,而地表发射率对地表参数和大气参数的准确反演也非常重要,因此本文发展了青藏高原微波波段地表发射率的反演算法.首先通过辐射传输方程对地表发射率的反演算法进行了推导,并利用被动微波一维大气辐射模拟器的模拟数据对算法进行了验证,结果显示了较高的精度.接着结合微波辐射计AMSR-E的亮温数据和MODIS提供的大气廓线数据,利用本文发展的算法反演了青藏高原微波波段的地表发射率.最后,分析了青藏高原地表发射率的时空分布特征:从空间特征上分析,反演结果的空间分布符合青藏高原地表覆盖类型的变化,植被湖泊等可以在反演结果中很明显的显现;从时间特征上分析,在一个月的时间尺度上,发射率随时间变化并不明显,每天的变化值在0.01之内.另外通过对青藏高原裸露地表发射率的时间序列研究发现,地表发射率对降雨有非常敏感的响应.反演结果的合理性表明本文的算法具有可行性,可以利用该算法反演青藏高原的地表发射率并建立长时间序列的地表发射率数据库,为青藏高原其他地球系统参数的遥感反演提供基础,为青藏高原的相关地学研究提供数据支持.
决定北半球冬季哈得莱环流年际变率的三维大气环流图像:观测分析和数值模拟

本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了1979~2008年北半球冬季哈得莱(Hadley)环流年际变化的特征,在此基础上,讨论了在观测海温驱动下大气环流模式的模拟结果.观测分析表明,近30年北半球冬季哈得莱环流年际变率的主导模态呈现出空间上的非均匀变化,哈得莱环流圈位于热带部分与其位于副热带部分的强度变化符号相反,这在表征其年际变化特征的另一指标——经向风垂直切变中亦有显著体现.大气环流模式AMIP积分试验结果表明,北半球冬季哈得莱环流强度的上述年际变化源于海温强迫.分析发现,热带中东太平洋和南印度洋暖海温距平强迫导致了哈得莱环流强度年际变化的主导模态呈现出空间上的非均匀变化.ElNio的局地作用和大气桥作用激发的太平洋局地哈得莱环流(30°S~30°N,150°E~90°W)和大西洋局地哈得莱环流(30°S~30°N,90°W~10°W)并非呈现出整体一致的变化,尽管二者纬向平均后分别使气候平均的哈得莱环流圈强度加强和减弱.ElNio遥强迫作用激发的西北太平洋反气旋(0°~30°N,100°E~150°E)使北半球Hadley环流圈强度减弱,ElNio和南印度洋暖海温距平共同强迫出的南印度洋反气旋(30°S~0°,60°E~100°E)使南半球Hadley环流圈的强度亦减弱.上述局地哈得莱环流的变化叠加后,因纬向平均的太平洋局地哈得莱环流强度在(副)热带部分的增强大(小)于纬向平均的大西洋局地哈得莱环流和西北太平洋、南印度洋局地哈得莱环流在(副)热带地区的减弱,结果使得哈得莱环流圈的强度在(副)热带部分偏强(弱);较之南半球,北半球强度变化稍强.因此,北半球冬季哈得莱环流年际变率的主导模态在空间上呈现出非均匀变化.
基于(火积)理论的H形多尺度换热器构形优化

与换热器热有效性定义类比,定义换热器的(火积)耗散有效性为无量纲(火积)耗散率与无量纲总泵功率之比.以(火积)耗散有效性最大为优化目标,分别在换热器管道总体积和总表面积一定的约束条件下,对H形多尺度换热器进行构形优化,得到(火积)耗散有效性最大时的H形多尺度换热器最优构形.结果表明在换热器管道总体积一定的条件下,对于一级T形换热器,当冷、热流体质量流率较小时,热有效性和(火积)耗散有效性最大的一级T形换热器最优构形是明显不同的.对于H形多尺度换热器,给定换热器级数时,(火积)耗散有效性随质量流率的增大而减小;给定无量纲质量流率M(M<32.9)时,(火积)耗散有效性随换热器级数的增加而减小.H形多尺度换热器与H形单尺度换热器相比,多尺度换热器性能得到显著提高.此外,本文还对换热器管道表面积约束的情形进行了讨论.本文优化结果使得换热器的传热和流动性能得到很好的兼顾,可为换热器的优化设计提供参考,有助于丰富(火积)理论内涵.
放置于驻点的合成射流控制圆柱涡脱落模式的实验研究

将合成射流同时放置于圆柱前、后驻点位置,利用PIV测速技术,在水槽中进行了合成射流控制圆柱绕流的实验研究.在来流雷诺数、合成射流激励器振幅为固定值的情况下,使合成射流激励频率fe为尾迹涡固有脱落频率f0的1到3倍,应用频谱分析和本征正交分解(Pro-per Orthogonal Decomposition,简称POD)等方法,研究了合成射流对圆柱绕流结构的控制效果.随着激励频率的增加,合成射流的影响范围沿流向逐渐扩大,并且激励频率逐渐取代尾迹涡脱落的固有频率主控全流场.不施加控制以及fe/f0=1,2时,前两阶POD模态分布规律及模态系数的频谱分析均体现出尾迹涡固有的反对称脱落特性.激励频率fe/f0=2,3时,尾迹涡脱落模式的变化以及激励频率的主频特性在第3,4阶模态分布及模态系数变化中得到了很好的体现.激励频率fe/f0=2时,尾迹涡脱落兼有对称与反对称模式;激励频率fe/f0=3时,合成射流涡对在近尾迹剪切层诱导产生对称的尾迹涡结构,但是在向下游发展过程中逐渐演化为反对称模式.
西南极企鹅栖息地粪土层生物标志物记录和实测群落结构变化与ENSO的响应

采用210Pb进行年代测定,建立了西南极阿德雷岛AD2企鹅粪土地层的类脂生物标志物时间序列,应用粪土层记录的环境冷暖指标脂肪酸分子nC18:2/nC18:0比值变化,反映1931~2006年以来西南极地区几次短期气候冷暖变化事件,它们在年代和形式上与ENSO事件相互对应,且低值出现在2~3和6~7cm处的2个ENSO年结束年(1958和1983年),反映了记录在南极沉积地层中的ENSO信号可能有一个时间滞后效应.研究结果还显示,AD2粪土层正构烷烃主峰碳(MH)C23的相对丰度、C23/C17、轻组分与重组分比值(C21/C22+)、碳优势指数CPI等的变化不仅反映了土壤菌藻微生物与低等植被的相对变化,而且也与气候变化具有密不可分的联系.细菌脂肪酸很好地记录了近75年来该地区经历了两次明显的细菌变化,细菌脂肪酸iC15:0/aC15:0比值敏锐地反映了这一地区在这两个时期微生物作用明显增大,且均发生在ENSO结束年,同时段的脂肪酸组分CPIA值降低,C21/C22+增高,表明微生物为粪土层贡献低碳数的脂肪酸分子,与Pr/Ph没有太大相关性,这种变化反映了微生物及细菌在南极这个相对简单的生态系统中扮演了重要角色,无疑微生物的活动与气候冷暖条件密切关联.另外结合企鹅群落实测研究表明,鸟类数量变化在一定程度上是可以反映全球气候变化对群落生态系统的影响.
遥感反演离散植被有效叶面积指数的空间尺度效应

叶面积指数(LAI)是表征植被几何结构和生长状态的关键生物物理参数,也是气候、能量和碳循环等模型的重要输入参数.遥感反演LAI的尺度效应问题一直备受关注.考虑到尼尔逊参数对离散植被的BRDF模型的影响,我们定义有效叶面积指数LAI_(eff),LAI_(eff)与传统概念下的叶面积指数具有相同的表征植被冠层内叶子浓密程度的主要功能,因此,本文以讨论有效叶面积指数为主.离散植被的空间尺度效应产生机理与连续植被有所不同,本文在方向性二阶微分方法(DSD)反演有效叶面积指数的基础上,讨论了离散植被空间尺度效应产生的原因,并提出了有效叶面积指数的尺度转换公式.理论分析结果表明高分辨率像元有效叶面积指数反演值的平均值总是大于等于同一目标低分辨率像元的有效叶面积指数反演值.另外,本文基于实际航空高光谱遥感影像,反演了中国河北省张家口市怀来县某植被覆盖区的有效叶面积指数,其反演结果验证了该结论的正确性和尺度转换公式的可靠性.
改良B-lynch缝合术在剖宫产中难治性产后出血的临床应用

目的探讨改良B-lynch缝合术在治疗剖宫产术中难治性产后出血的临床实用价值。方法回顾性分析该院2010年1月至2011年12月住院剖宫产的72例难治性产后出血病例的临床资料。结果71例有效止血,保留了子宫及生育功能,术后未发生严重并发症。结论改良B-lynch缝合术操作简单,止血迅速有效,能很大程度上保留子宫,是治疗难治性产后出血的有效方法。
三叉神经微血管减压术后脑脊液鼻漏的治疗和预防

目的三叉神经微血管减压术(MVD)术后出现脑脊液鼻漏的治疗及预防方法。方法总结2009~2011年150例行MVD术的三叉神经病患者。其中有4例出现脑脊液鼻漏,均采用腰池持续引流,取半卧位,伤口行加压包扎,1例在发现脑脊液鼻漏后立即手术行脑膜修补。结果4例患者均在治疗1周后脑脊液鼻漏停止,随访1个月无复发。结论MVD术后脑脊液鼻漏关键在预防,术中修补脑膜行原位缝合并取自体筋膜结合医用胶水进行加固、密封。对于乳突气房在咬除骨质时进行第1次骨蜡封填,在脑膜修补完成,术野冲洗过后骨蜡再次封填乳突气房,通过以上方法可以大大减少MVD术后脑脊液鼻漏的发生。
非骨水泥型全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊椎炎髋部病变近期疗效观察

目的观察强直性脊柱炎(AS)髋关节病变的患者行非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术(THA)的临床疗效。方法对15例(23髋)AS髋关节病变的患者行非骨水泥型THA,并进行了12~36个月,平均18.3个月的随访,通过对手术前后关节疼痛、活动度及患者整体功能改善情况的观察,根据Harris评分系统进行评分。结果患者髋关节屈伸、收展、内外旋总活动度由术前的平均30.4°(0°~98°)提高到术后平均182.8°(55°~210°),术后无感染、脱位等并发症发生。Harris评分术前平均25.5(2~58)分,术后平均78.8(59~92)分,其中优9髋,良11髋,可3髋,优良率87.0%。X线片分析未见假体松动,4髋发生异位骨化,发生率为17.4%。结论非骨水泥型THA治疗AS合并髋关节病变,可以明显缓解疼痛,重建关节功能,改善生活质量,临床疗效显著。
从三焦论治干燥综合征

清代温病学家吴鞠通在继承前人理论和经验的基础上,提出了"治上焦如羽,治中焦如衡,治下焦如权"三焦辨证理论,并强调滋阴应贯穿温病治疗始终。干燥综合征是一种以口干、眼干为主要临床表现,并可累及多个系统的自身免疫性疾病,属中医"燥证"、"痹证"范畴。多年来,笔者临证以滋阴润燥为主,且以三焦辨证分治干燥综合征,取得满意疗效。现结合案例介绍如下。
三伏天灸联合益肺胶囊治疗支气管哮喘疗效观察

支气管哮喘(以下简称"哮喘")是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,吸入糖皮质激素是目前控制哮喘的主要措施,但临床控制情况并不理想,依从性差,很多患者反复发作,导致气流受限逐渐由可逆发展为不可逆,严重危害患者健康。如何预防或减少急性发作、改善患者的生存质量是防治哮喘的关键。笔者采用三伏天灸联合益肺胶囊治疗哮喘患者48例,取得良好效果,现总结报道如下。
“欬”“瘶”及其相关病证名考辨

"咳嗽"一词,《汉语大词典》解作"喉部或气管的黏膜受刺激时迅速吸气,随即强烈地呼气,声带振动发声,这种现象叫咳嗽。是一种保护性的反射动作,也是某些疾病的症状。"这是西医学对该病的认识。作为咳嗽解的"咳""嗽"本字分别作"欬""瘶",我们试图从本字本义、借字借义及古医籍记载等相关内容上探求古人对"欬""瘶"及其相关病证的认识。
Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Promoters in Arabidopsis and Rice

Endogenously-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In plants, miRNAs have increasingly been identified by experiments based on next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, promoter organization is currently unknown for most plant miRNAs, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. This deficiency prevents a comprehensive understanding of miRNA-mediated gene networks. In this study, by analyzing full-length cDNA sequences related to miRNAs, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) for 62 and 55 miRNAs in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. The average free energy (AFE) profiles in the vicinity of TSSs were studied for both species. By employing position weight matrices (PWM) for 99 plant cis-elements, we discovered that three cis-elements were over-represented in the miRNA promoters of both species, while four and ten cis-elements were over-represented in Arabidopsis only and in rice only. Thus, comparison of miRNA promoters between Arabidopsis and rice provides a new perspective for studying miRNA regulation in plants.
Intersection of Hippo/YAP and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways

Traditionally, signaling pathways have been perceived to act in an autonomous manner to regulate tissue morphology, size, differentiation, and development. Recent evidence suggests that these pathways often intersect and regulate one another to elicit an appropriate response to a complex set of stimuli. Two pathways known to be important for development, growth, and homeostasis are the Wnt/β-catenin and the Hippo/YAP pathways. Growing data indicate that these two pathways influence each other in a number of ways to properly regulate tissue growth and repair. Deregulation of these pathways often contributes to tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the points of intersection between the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/YAP pathways and how these interactions contribute to homeostasis, organ repair, and tumorigenesis.
Selective estrogen receptor modulator BC-1 activates antioxidant signaling pathway in vitro via formation of reactive metabolites

Aim: Benzothiophene compounds are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which are recently found to activate antioxidant signaling. In this study the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant signaling activation by benzothiophene compound BC-1 were investigated. Methods: HepG2 cells were stably transfected with antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter (HepG2-ARE cells). The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HepG2-ARE cells was suppressed using siRNA. The metabolites of BC-1 in rat liver microsome incubation were analyzed using LC-UV and LC-MS. Results: Addition of BC-1 (5 μmol/L) in HepG2-ARE cells resulted in a 17-fold increase of ARE-luciferase activity. Pretreatment with the estrogen receptor agonist E_2 (5 μmol/L) or antagonist ICI 182,780 (5 μmol/L) did not affect BC-1-induced ARE-luciferase activity. However, transfection of the cells with anti-Nrf2 siRNA suppressed this effect by 79%. Addition of BC-1 in rat microsome incubation resulted in formation of di-quinone methides and o-quinones, followed by formation of GSH conjugates. BC-1 analogues with hydrogen (BC-2) or fluorine (BC-3) at the 4' position did not form the di-quinone methides. Both BC-2 and BC-3 showed comparable estrogenic activity with BC-1, but did not induce ARE-luciferase activity in HepG2-ARE cells. Conclusion: Benzothiophene compound BC-1 activates ARE signaling via reactive metabolite formation that is independent of estrogen receptors.
旁中心凹视网膜毛细血管扩张症一例

讨论旁中心凹视网膜毛细血管扩张症(Idiopathicpara-fovealtelangiectasis,IPT)是一种罕见的眼病,至今病因仍未明确,1968年由Gass首先报道…,随着经验的积累他与Blodi在1993年重新进行分类乜1:I型(可见毛细血管扩张与渗出)发生于中年男性,单眼发病。因其在性别、眼别上与Coats病相似,故认为它仍属于Coats病的范畴,毛细血管扩张为先天异常,只不过病变局限于黄斑区,且发生在成人而已。眼底检查黄斑区主要在中心凹颞侧,可见到扩张的毛细血管,范围约1-2PD。视网膜轻度水肿,扩张血管的外缘有黄色点状渗出,严重时可排列成环状。视力常为轻至中度下降。荧光造影见到毛细血管扩张,后期有渗漏。Ⅱ型(隐匿性毛细血管扩张与少量渗出)最常见。毛细血管扩张属后天获得性,真正原因不明。发病年龄较大,在40-60岁间,男女性别无差异,累及双眼,病变对称,但表现多样。颞侧中心凹旁有毛细血管扩张,范围常小于1PD,也有累及全部而成环状的。毛细血管扩张在荧光造影早期最为清楚,后期血管扩张区内视网膜有染色。视网膜水肿轻,缺乏黄色点状渗出。黄斑视网膜常呈灰色,中心凹反光消失。约有一半病例血管扩张区视网膜内有金黄色反光点。也有因长期病变黄斑视网膜萎缩而出现板层裂孔。Ⅲ型为黄斑毛细血管闭塞型,眼底镜下可见到中心凹旁毛细血管扩张。荧光造影显示中心凹毛细血管闭塞与中心凹无血管区的扩大和少量渗漏01。最初Gass依据临床特点曾提出IPT是由于自身视网膜毛细血管优先发生异常,导致视网膜和Muller细胞缺乏营养,最终形成IPT的假说。随着对该病的不断认识,又提出新假说:即Muller细胞损伤优先发生于视网膜毛细血管异常,且是导致视网膜毛细血管异常的关键因素。诊断IPT需与Coats病、糖尿病性黄斑病变相鉴别。Coats病早期,糖尿病性黄斑病变,继发视网膜分支静脉阻塞的毛细血管扩张。IPT与Coats病同属视网膜毛细血管扩张,在Coats病早期可出现类似IPT的眼底表现。但Coats病患者多为青年人,有糖尿病病史和分支静脉阻塞的表现;糖尿病性黄斑病变伴黄斑水肿时类似本病。但糖尿病性黄斑病变眼底可见到范围更广的微血管瘤,出血和棉絮斑。视网膜分支静脉阻塞时病变部位发生在动静脉交叉处,交叉远端的全部毛细血管网均会发生改变,这样精确的位置不会发生在IPT[4J。目前IPT应用过的治疗方法包括:激光治疗、光动力疗法、外科切除视网膜下新生血管、糖皮质激素治疗、前列腺素和贝伐单抗。仅贝伐单抗目前治疗效果较好,且未发现副反应。贝伐单抗是美国提供的一种人类重组单克隆抗体,通过抑制VEGF的生物活性,从而抑制新生血管的发生“1。但黄斑水肿不明显的患者,该治疗几乎无效。IPT长期预后的中心视力均不理想。
IgA肾病的遗传学研究新进展

IgA肾病(IgAN)的病理特征是肾活检免疫病理显示在肾小球系膜区以IgA为主的免疫复合物沉积,以肾小球系膜增生为基本组织学改变。IgAN临床表现多种多样,主要表现为血尿,可伴有不同程度的蛋白尿、高血压和肾脏功能受损。IgAN是导致终末期肾脏病最常见的原发性肾小球疾病之一,是肾小球肾炎中最常见的一种病理类型,占原发性肾小球肾炎的25%~50%[1]。长期随访研究表明,大于25%~30%的IgAN患者在20~25年内将进展至终末期肾病[2]。不同人种的IgAN发病率不同、家族性聚集、不同个体间的病程和预后的差异都显示了遗传因素在IgAN发生发展过程中起着重要作用。该病在欧洲、亚洲及非洲裔个体中的发病率存在显著差异,表明这些人群中存在着一些可变频率的易感基因,提示遗传因素在IgAN的发病机制中有重要影响[3-5]。目前IgAN的发病机制仍不清楚,但明确的是,遗传和环境因素都会导致该病的发生发展[6-7]。现代医学认为复杂性疾病是多基因遗传和环境等因素交互形成的,环境对疾病的发生有决定性作用,而表观遗传学机制则能很好地体现环境对基因影响的交互作用。本文将从遗传学和表观遗传学两个方面作一综述。
足部组织缺损的显微外科修复

目的探讨足部组织缺损显微外科修复的临床效果。方法1991年1月至2011年12月,应用显微外科技术修复足部缺损35例,其中跟腱部组织缺损5例,内踝3例,外踝3例,足背16例,足底4例,(足母)趾4例。腓动脉皮瓣10例,腓肠神经营养皮瓣10例,小隐静脉皮瓣8例,胫后动脉皮瓣5例,足背静脉岛状皮瓣2例,皮瓣面积20 cm x 15 cm~3 cm x 2 cm。其中游离皮瓣移植26例,带蒂皮瓣移植9例。结果术后35例皮瓣完全成活33例,2例皮瓣边缘少许表浅坏死,经换药1周愈合,6例皮瓣需二期整形。术后随访3?16个月,皮瓣外形美观,颜色、质地接近正常,耐磨,皮瓣两点分辨觉为5~11 mm。结论显微外科技术是修复足部组织缺损具有满意疗效的方法、技术。
共同开拓显微外科发展的新局面

律回春晖渐,日月开新元。新年的钟声敲响了,我们怀着愉悦的心情,迎来了2013年!1963年的春天,陈中伟在国际学术会议上首先报道了第一例断肢再植成功,引起了世界巨大的震动。这是一个伟大的创举,使我国一跃登上世界医学学术论坛的宝座,为中国争得了巨大的荣誉,十分令人振备~([1])。过去一般认为的近代中国在西方人主导的西医领域比较少原创性发明与创新的观点,瞬间就被打破了,在医学领域也成了历史。