mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A Commentary on the International Conference on Land Use Issues and Policy in China under Rapid Rural and Urban Transformation

Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the International Conference on Land Use Issues and Policy in China under Rapid Rural and Urban Transformation was held in Beijing, China, from 20 to 23 October 2012. The Conference was mainly co-organized by the Journal of Land Use Policy (Elsevier); the Center for Regional Agriculture and Rural Development, IGSNRR, CAS; the Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Land and Resources of China (MLRC); and the Key Laboratory of Land Use, MLRC
Tall gastrodis tuber combined with antiepileptic drugs repairs abnormal perfusion foci in focal epilepsy

One hundred patients with focal epilepsy were recruited for the present study and their seizures controlled with antiepileptic drugs. The patients then orally received a capsule of tall gastrodis tuber powder, a traditional Chinese drug, and underwent single photon emission computed tomography, long-term electroencephalogram, and CT/MRI. Blood drug levels were monitored throughout the study. Before treatment with tall gastrodis tuber, 35 of the 100 cases had abnormal CT/MRI scans; 79 cases had abnormal single photon emission computed tomography images; 86 cases had abnormal electroencephalogram; and a total of 146 abnormal perfusion foci were observed across the 100 subjects. After treatment, the number of patients with normal single photon emission computed tomography images increased by 12; normal electroencephalogram was observed in an additional 27 cases and the number of patients with epileptiform discharge decreased by 29 (34% of 86); the total number of abnormal perfusion foci decreased by 52 (36%) and changes in abnormal foci were visible in 65 patients. These changes indicate that the administration of tall gastrodis tuber in combination with antiepileptic drugs repairs abnormal perfusion foci in patients with focal epilepsy. Our results demonstrate that traditional Chinese drugs can repair abnormal perfusion foci and, as such, are a promising new pathway in the treatment of focal epilepsy.
Viscosity prediction in selected Iranian light oil reservoirs: Artificial neural network versus empirical correlations

Viscosity is a parameter that plays a pivotal role in reservoir fluid estimations. Several approaches have been presented in the literature(Beal, 1946; Khan et al, 1987; Beggs and Robinson, 1975; Kartoatmodjo and Schmidt, 1994; Vasquez and Beggs, 1980; Chew and Connally, 1959; Elsharkawy and Alikhan, 1999; Labedi, 1992) for predicting the viscosity of crude oil. However, the results obtained by these methods have significant errors when compared with the experimental data. In this study a robust artificial neural network(ANN) code was developed in the MATLAB software environment to predict the viscosity of Iranian crude oils. The results obtained by the ANN and the three well-established semi-empirical equations(Khan et al, 1987; Elsharkawy and Alikhan, 1999; Labedi, 1992) were compared with the experimental data. The prediction procedure was carried out at three different regimes: at, above and below the bubble-point pressure using the PVT data of 57 samples collected from central, southern and offshore oil fields of Iran. It is confirmed that in comparison with the models previously published in literature, the ANN model has a better accuracy and performance in predicting the viscosity of Iranian crudes.
A new diagnostic method for identifying working conditions of submersible reciprocating pumping systems

The submersible pumping unit is a new type of pumping system for lifting formation fluids from onshore oil wells, and the identification of its working condition has an important influence on oil production. In this paper we proposed a diagnostic method for identifying the working condition of the submersible pumping system. Based on analyzing the working principle of the pumping unit and the pump structure, different characteristics in loading and unloading processes of the submersible linear motor were obtained at different working conditions. The characteristic quantities were extracted from operation data of the submersible linear motor. A diagnostic model based on the support vector machine(SVM) method was proposed for identifying the working condition of the submersible pumping unit, where the inputs of the SVM classifier were the characteristic quantities. The performance and the misjudgment rate of this method were analyzed and validated by the data acquired from an experimental simulation platform. The model proposed had an excellent performance in failure diagnosis of the submersible pumping system. The SVM classifier had higher diagnostic accuracy than the learning vector quantization(LVQ) classifier.
A study of hydrate plug formation in a subsea natural gas pipeline using a novel high-pressure flow loop

The natural gas pipeline from Platform QK18-1 in the southwest of Bohai Bay to the onshore processing facility is a subsea wet gas pipeline exposed to high pressure and low temperature for a long distance. Blockages in the pipeline occur occasionally. To maintain the natural gas flow in the pipeline, we proposed a method for analyzing blockages and ascribed them to the hydrate formation and agglomeration. A new high-pressure flow loop was developed to investigate hydrate plug formation and hydrate particle size, using a mixture of diesel oil, water, and natural gas as experimental fluids. The influences of pressure and initial flow rate were also studied. Experimental results indicated that when the flow rate was below 850 kg/h, gas hydrates would form and then plug the pipeline, even at a low water content(10%) of a water/oil emulsion. Furthermore, some practical suggestions were made for daily management of the subsea pipeline.
Genesis of the high gamma sandstone of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China: A reply

The authors of 'Genesis of the high gamma sandstone of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China' questioned the viewpoint that high-gamma-ray sandstone might be caused by homochronous sedimentary volcano tuff ash or previous tuff. The authors argued that the main reason for the high-gamma-ray sandstone should be from high Th and U contents in zircon. In reply, we discuss the problems with the authors from the category of high-gamma-ray sandstones, rock characteristics, and possible sources of radioactivity. The results still indicate that the high gamma ray characteristics might be caused by homochronous sedimentary volcano tuff ash or reworked previous tuffs.
Evaluation of oil sands resources-A case study in the Athabasca Oil Sands, NE Alberta, Canada

Oil sands are the most important of the oil and gas resources in Canada. So the distribution and evaluation of oil sands form a critical basis for risk investment in Canada. Distribution of oil sands resources is severely controlled by the reservoir heterogeneity. Deterministic modeling is commonly used to solve the heterogeneity problems in the reservoir, but rarely used to evaluate hydrocarbon resources. In this paper, a lithofacies based deterministic method is employed to assess the oil sands resources for a part of a mining project in northern Alberta. The statistical analysis of Dean Stark water and oil saturation data and study of the core description data, regional geology and geophysical logs reveal that the lithofacies in the study area can be classified into reservoir facies, possible reservoir facies and non-reservoir facies. The indicator krigging method is used to build a 3D lithofacies model based on the classification of sedimentary facies and the ordinary krigging method is applied to petrophysical property modeling. The results show that the krigging estimation is one of the good choices in oil sand resources modeling in Alberta. Lithofacies-grade based modeling may have advantages over the grade-only based modeling.
Influence of Non - Axisymmetric Terms on Circumferentially Averaged Method in Fan/Compressor

The governing equations are derived by circumferentially averaging the three - dimensional (3D) Navier - Stokes equations, which are solved using a time marching finite volume approach. Both Euler throughflow model and Navier - Stokes (N - S) throughflow model are employed to investigate the performance and flow fields of a highly loaded transonic single - stage fan ATS - 2 and a four - stage fan. The results are compared with the experimental and three-dimensional computational results. It shows that the throughflow models can provide reasonable performance characteristics and N-S throughflow model gives better predictions in endwall regions. A throughflow computation in which all the non-axisymmetric terms are included has been performed at off-design condition and the radial distributions of the flow field can be well described.
Enzyme Activity in Water-Stable Soil Aggregates as Affected by Long-Term Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertiliser

The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The long-term application of organic manure (OM) with chemical fertiliser (CF) significantly increased macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate percentages, enhanced the mean weight diameter, and significantly increased soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of WSA in different size fractions. Combined fertilisation with OM and CF also increased invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities of WSA in different size fractions. Enzyme activities were higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates. The distribution of enzyme activities generally followed the distribution of TC and TN in WSA. The geometric mean of the enzyme activities in different WSA of OM-treated soils was significantly higher than that in soils treated with 100% CF or no fertiliser. The results indicated that the long-term combined application of OM with CF increased the aggregate stability and enzyme activity of different WSA sizes, and consequently, improved soil physical structure and increased soil microbial activity.
Effect of Fe/Al Hydroxides on Desorption of K+ and NH_4~+ from Two Soils and Kaolinite

Potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients for plants. Adsorption and desorption in soils affect K~+ and NH _4~+ availabilities to plants and can be affected by the interaction between the electrical double layers on oppositely charged particles because the interaction can decrease the surface charge density of the particles by neutralization of positive and negative charges. We studied the effect of iron (Fe)/aluminum (Al) hydroxides on desorption of K~+ and NH _4~+ from soils and kaolinite and proposed desorption mechanisms based on the overlapping of diffuse layers between negatively charged soils and mineral particles and the positively charged Fe/Al hydroxide particles. Our results indicated that the overlapping of diffuse layers of electrical double layers between positively charged Fe/Al hydroxides, as amorphous Al(OH)3 or Fe(OH)3, and negatively charged surfaces from an Ultisol, an Alfisol, and a kaolinite standard caused the effective negative surface charge density on the soils and kaolinite to become less negative. Thus the adsorption affinity of these negatively charged surfaces for K~+ and NH _4~+ declined as a result of the incorporation of the Fe/Al hydroxides. Consequently, the release of exchangeable K~+ and NH _4~+ from the surfaces of the soils and kaolinite increased with the amount of the Fe/Al hydroxides added. The greater the positive charge on the surfaces of Fe/Al hydroxides, the stronger was the interactive effect between the hydroxides and soils or kaolinite, and thus the more release of K~+ and NH _4~+ . A decrease in pH led to increased positive surface charge on the Fe/Al hydroxides and enhanced interactive effects between the hydroxides and soils/kaolinite. As a result, more K~+ and NH _4~+ were desorbed from the soils and kaolinite. This study suggests that the interaction between oppositely charged particles of variable charge soils can enhance the mobility of K~+ and NH _4~+ in the soils and thus increase their leaching loss.
Predicting Soil Moisture Characteristic Curves from Continuous Particle-Size Distribution Data

Soil moisture characteristic curve (SMC) is a fundamental soil property and its direct measurement is tedious and time consuming. Therefore, various indirect methods have been developed to predict SMC from particle-size distribution (PSD). However, the majority of these methods often yield intermittent SMC data because they involve estimating individual SMC points. The objectives of this study were 1) to develop a procedure to predict continuous SMC from a limited number of experimental PSD data points and 2) to evaluate model predictions through comparisons with measured values. In this study, an approach that allowed predicting SMC from the knowledge of PSD, parameterized by means of the closed-form van Genuchten model (VG), was used. Through using Mohammadi and Vanclooster (MV) model, the parameters obtained from fitting of VG to PSD data were applied to predict SMC curves. Since the residual water content (θ_r) could not be obtained through fitting of VG-MV integrated model to PSD data, we also examined and compared four different methods estimating θ_r. Results showed that the proposed equation (MV-VG integrated model) provided an excellent fit to all the PSD data and the model could adequately predict SMC as measured in forty-two soils sampled from different regions of Iran. For all soils, the method in which θ_r was obtained through parameter optimization procedure provided the best overall predictions of SMC. The two methods estimating θ_r with Campbell and Shiozawa (CS) model resulted in less accuracy than the optimization procedure. Furthermore, the proposed model underestimated the moisture content in the dry range of SMC when the value of θ_r was assumed to equal zero. θ_r could be attributed to the incomplete desorption of water coated on soil particles and the accurate estimation of θ_r was critical in prediction of SMC, especially for fine-textured soils at high suction heads. It could be concluded that the advantages of our approach were the continuity, robustness, and independency of model performance on soil type, allowing to improve predictions of SMC from PSD at the field and watershed scales.
High Aluminum Tolerance of Rhodotorula sp. RS1 is Associated with Thickening of the Cell Wall Rather than Chelation of Aluminum Ions

Aluminum (Al) is very toxic to many living organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. However, despite many studies on Al tolerance in plants, little has been reported concerning these mechanisms in microorganisms. In this study, a red yeast, which could tolerate Al~(3+) concentrations as high as 200 mmol L~(?1), was isolated from acidic soils, identified as Rhodotorula sp. and designated as RS1. As the medium compositions can greatly affect the responses of microorganisms to Al, two culture mediums, glucose medium (GM) and lysogeny broth medium containing soil extract (S-LBM), were used. During growth of RS1, the pH of medium decreased in GM but increased in S-LBM. These changes in the pH of the media were not induced by Al addition. No or little secretion of organic acids was observed in RS1 growth media. Importantly, the thickness of the cell walls and the ratio of cell wall to biomass of RS1 significantly increased in GM with high Al~(3+) concentrations. In the presence of 100 mmol Al L~(?1), 78.0% of the total Al of whole cells was present in the thickened cell walls. The Al in cell walls was mostly bound to OH, amide and CO groups of polysaccharides. These results suggest that thickening of the cell wall in response to the high Al~(3+) concentrations may play an important role in the high tolerance of RS1 to Al and that pH increase of the medium and chelation of Al ions are not involved in Al tolerance of this organism.
上下牙尖窝接触关系的生物力特征

咬合接触的生物力特性对于咀嚼功能是否得以正常发挥有非常重要的意义。无论在静态（例如：最大牙尖交错（左牙右合）时的咬合接触）还是在动态咬合（例如：咀嚼运动中的咬合接触）时，尖窝关系都是上下牙之间的经典的咬合接触关系。最大牙尖交错位时多向倾斜的牙尖斜面将所承受的咬合力向多个方向分散，从而避免个别牙出现应力集中现象。咀嚼运动中下颌从工作侧运动到最大牙尖交错位、再到非工作侧，该运动的途径以及运动过程中的咬合接触主要由上颌牙的（左牙右合）面形态决定。咬合接触的紧密程度与咀嚼肌的收缩活动情况密切相关。为采集可重复性的、由牙合面形态所决定的静态咬合和动态咬合接触信息时，建议对最大紧咬和最大范围咀嚼运动的相关指标进行检测。总之在功能性正常咬合的概念中，除经典的正中关系/正中牙合、组牙功能牙合/尖牙保护牙合等的内容外，还应包括静态/动态咬合中尖窝接触关系的生物力特征等内容。
Recurrence Characteristics of Major Earthquakes in the Tangshan area, North China

The Tangshan area lies in the North China plain where an Ms 7.8 earthquake occurred in 1976, which is associated with a hidden active fault. To reveal the recurrence characteristics of major quakes in this area over a relatively long time, we have conducted a comprehensive study using geological investigations, shallow seismic exploration, boreholes, trench observations and geological dating. Five paleoearthquakes were recognized in a 6.4m-deep trench west to the Tangshan Asylum. Among them, the former three events occurred between 56.784.83ka and 89.397.60ka, and the fourth event occurred around 6.9ka, respectively, and then followed by the fifth in 1976. Seven boreholes were deployed crossing the ground fissure formed by the 1976 Tangshan earthquake at the site of No. 10 Middle School, where we have identified 25 liquefaction events in the boreholes TZC6C5 and 6C7. By the comprehensive analysis of the trench, the liquefaction events from the boreholes and the depth-time curves of drill cores, we suggest a new recurrence model of major quakes in this area. It is not a constant recurring cycle since 210ka, instead consisting of six alternating seismically quiet and active stages. Of them, stage I (>177ka) was a quiescent period in seismicity, stage II (from 143ka to 177ka) was an active one, stage III (from 102ka to 143ka) was quiescent again, stage IV (from 56ka to 102ka) had many quakes, stage V (from 6.9ka to 56ka) became quiet, and stage VI (from 6.9ka to now) was the beginning of a new seismically active period.
Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Metallogenic Rocks in the Chagandeersi Molybdenum Deposit in Wulatehouqi, Inner Mongolia

Geochemical characteristics of the Chagandeersi molybdenum deposit in Inner Mongolia and its genesis were analyzed in this study using rock mineralography and rock geochemical testing. The mineralized country rocks of the Chagandeersi molybdenum deposit consist mainly of medium-to fine-grained monzogranite, medium-to fine-grained rich-K granite, with minor fine-grained K-feldspar granite veins and quartz veins. The rocks are characterized by high silica, rich alkali, high potassium, which are favorable factors for molybdenum mineralization. The rocks have the Rittmann index ranging from 1.329 to 1.961, an average Na_2O+K_2O value of 7.41, and Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O+K_2O)>1, suggesting that the rocks belong to the high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous granite. The typical rock samples are enriched in Rb, Th, K and light rare earth elements, depleted in Sr, Ba, Nb, P and Ti, and these features are similar to that of the melt granite resulting from collision of plate margins. The Eu of the rocks falls the zone between the crust granite and crust-mantle granite, and are close to that of the crust granite; (La/Lu)N indicates the formation environment of granite is a continental margin setting. The Nb/Ta ratios are close to that of the average crust (10); the Zr/Hf ratios of monzogranite are partly below the mean mantle (34C60), while the Zr/Hf ratio of K-feldspar granite are close to the mean value in the crust. Comprehensive analyses show that the granite in this area formed during the transition period between tectonic collision and post-collision. During the plate collision and orogeny, the crust and mantle material were mixed physically, remelting into lava and then crystal fractionation, finally gave rise to the formation of the rock body in this area. This has close spatial and temporal relation with the molybdenum mineralization.
Study of Distal Pyroclastic-flow Stratum from Tianchi Volcano in 1215 (15) Eruption: Pyroclastic-flow Over Water

In this paper, we describe three strata at the distal part of the pyroclastic-flow from the Tianchi volcano in 1215 (15) eruption. One of the strata with crosslayers that are different from typical pyroclastic-flow strata may come from a ground-surge. The grain-size and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to study the origin of the pyroclastic-flow. Characteristics of grain-size distribution show that it is similar with the ash cloud. Through the SEM analyses, we found some quench structures with less damage on the surfaces of the vitric pumices. These phenomena indicate that there has been hydration in the transportation processes at the distal of pyroclastic-flow. It has partly changed the transportation mechanism of pyroclastic-flow, which transitions form dense flow to diluted flow. This paper develops a new distal pyroclastic-flow model in the Tianchi volcano that can be divided into three stages, i.e. the quench stage, expanding stage and depositing stage.
Geochronological and Geochemical Constrains on Petrogenesis of the Jietebutiao A-type Granite in West Junggar, Xinjiang

Late Paleozoic post-collisional granitoids are widespread in West Junggar, as well as northern Xinjiang. As a representative of those intrusions, the Jietebutiao granite occurs in the southwestern margin of the West Junggar (northwest China), and is mainly composed of mid-coarse-grained monzogranite and syenogranite. In the present study, we report the results of high-precision zircon laser-ablationCinductively-coupled plasma massCspectrometry UCPb dating on the Jietebutiao granite for the first time, and yield weighted mean ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 287 9 Ma and 278 3 Ma for monzogranite and syenogranite, respectively. The Jietebutiao granite has a pronounced A-type affinity; it is metaluminous to slightly peraluminous; has a high-K calc-alkaline composition; high concentrations of Na_2O + K_2O, varying from 6.8 to 8.5 wt%; high FeOt/MgO; 10 000Ga/Al ratios, a low CaO, MgO, and TiO_2 content; enriched in some large ion lithophile elements (LILE, such as Rb and Th) and high field strength elements (HFSE, such as Zr, Hf, and Y); and depleted in Sr, Ba, and Ti. In addition, the granite has a relatively high rare earth element (REE) content (except for Eu), with significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu~* = 0.01C0.72), and showing slight tetrad REE patterns and non-charge and radius controlled (CHARAC) trace element behavior. Petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the parental magma of Jietebutiao intrusions are of mixed origin, and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas in the Early Permian post-collisional tectonic setting. The basaltic magmas underplated and interacted with the lower crust that was dominated by deeply buried arc (and back-arc basin) series and the oceanic crust formed in the Paleozoic, and then triggered the partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, producing voluminous granitic melts and forming the Jietebutiao A2-type monzogranites, with the lithospheric mantle progressively thinning and rifting to form A_1-type granites, such as syenogranites, in the Jietebutiao pluton. This further proves the important contribution of Late Paleozoic granitic magmatism in terms of vertical crustal growth in northern Xinjiang.
胰腺癌肿瘤微环境的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种恶性程度极高的消化系统恶性肿瘤，其发病隐匿，进展快，预后差。大约80%的患者确诊时往往伴有局部的侵犯或者转移，5年生存率仅为4%。胰腺癌死亡率居高不下的主要原因是临床早期诊断的困难性、缺乏有效的临床治疗方法以及对胰腺癌发生发展机制尚未完全清楚。
如何撰写高质量的基金申请书(II)

1拟采取的研究方案及可行性分析拟采取的研究方案一定要具体且让人感觉切实可行。一定要紧紧围绕研究内容来撰写研究方案和技术路线,说明每一个研究内容通过哪几个方面的实验分析去完成,包括用到的方法和理论基础、需要的仪器型号和实验流程、测试分析的样品数量和分析地点等信息都尽可能写详细,否则通常会得到“研究方案不具体”、“技术路线粗略”、“关键仪器设备不落实”等评语。此外,这部分内容与经费预算紧密相关,做多少分析才能预算多少经费,如果没有一个数量或其表述有误,评审专家会给出“分析、试验内容与经费预算不匹配”的评语。