mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
An applicable calorimetric method for measuring AC losses of 2G HTS wire using optical FBG

We present a new calorimetric method for measuring alternative current(AC)losses of high-temperature superconducting(HTS)tapes by optical fiber Bragg grating(FBG), which is particularly well suited for the AC loss measurement of Re BCO wires, so-called the second generation(2G)HTS wires.Compared with conventional calorimetric methods, the suggested method is both free of electromagnetic disturbance, magnetic field, and fast as well as simple.Self-field AC losses are measured by the optical FBG method and the conventional lock-in-amplifier(LIA)technique, respectively.The results show that the measured AC loss is in good agreement with those measured by the electric method, thus the presented calorimetric method would be available for measuring the AC loss of 2G wire and is expected to be generalized for the measurement of AC loss or thermal performances of HTS bulk.
Circuit model based design and analysis for a four-structure-switchable wireless power transfer system

The four-coil wireless power transfer(WPT)technology can effectively improve the transfer efficiency.The high efficiency, however, cannot be obtained along the whole transfer distance due to the phenomenon of frequency splitting in the over coupled region.Aiming at this limitation, this paper presents a switchable WPT system to improve the overall efficiency by changing the number of working coils.The switching conditions for the designed system are determined based on the analysis of the transfer efficiencies of four structures, which is deduced through modeling the equivalent circuits.The simulation results well comply with the experimental results and both of them indicate that the switchable system can greatly improve the overall transfer efficiency along the whole transfer distance.The overall efficiency of the experimental system can reach above 70%at9.97 MHz without additional complexity, which is higher than any single structure system.
Effects of foundation damage and water-level change on vibration modal parameters of gravity-type caisson structure

In this paper, the effects of foundation damage and water-level change on vibration characteristics of gravity-type caisson structure are examined by analyzing modal parameters extracted from output-only information.To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented.Firstly, vibration response analysis methods are selected to estimate power spectral density and modal parameters such as natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape of a lab-scale caisson structural system.Secondly, vibration tests on the lab-scale caisson system are performed under a series of test scenarios which include three water-level changes and three damage levels.Thirdly, experimental modal parameters corresponding to the damaging cases as well as the water level cases are extracted by frequency domain decomposition method and stochastic subspace identification method.Finally, the effects of the water-level variation and foundation damage on the extracted modal parameters are examined to assess the feasibility of the vibration-based damage detection in gravity-type caisson structures under water-level uncertainty.
Reconstruction of plasmoid and traveling compression region in the near-Earth magnetotail

Cluster spacecraft observed an earthward flowing plasmoid along with a travelling compression region(TCR)structure in southern plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL)at 21:09 UT of September 19, 2001.We have reconstructed the two-dimensional topology of the magnetic field structure observed by C1 using Grad-Shafranov reconstruction method.Results show that C1passed through part of a plasmoid, which compressed the lobe magnetic field and formed a TCR.The size of the whole plasmoid structure in X direction is estimated to be about 3 R_E.Furthermore, using multi-spacecraft observations, we have found some detailed information about this structure.First, C1 observed bi-streaming electron components, which supports our suggestion that the spacecraft passed through closed field lines.Second, a small magnetic field perturbation within this plasmoid accompanied by slight decrease in electron flux suggests that a flux rope core might exist at the center of the plasmoid.
Feasibility study on application of satellite formations for eliminating the influence from aliasing error of ocean tide model

Currently, aliasing error of temporal signal model becomes the main factor constraining the accuracy of temporal gravity field. In provision of three types of satellite formations, i.e., GRACE-type, Pendulum-type and n-s-Cartwheel-type, which are suitable for gravity mission and composed of observation in different directions, here we design two cases and conduct a simulation experiment on the feasibility to apply satellite formations for eliminating the influence from the aliasing error of ocean tide models. The result of our experiment shows that, when the aliasing error is disregarded, n-s-Cartwheel formation can provide the best conditions for gravity field determination, which, compared with GRACE-type, can improve the accuracy by 43%. When aliasing error of the ocean tide model acts as the main source of error, the satellite formation applied in dynamic method for gravity field inversion cannot eliminate aliasing or improve the accuracy of gravity field. And due to its higher sensitivity to the high-degree variation of gravity field, the Cartwheel-type formation, which includes the radial observation, can result in the gravity field containing more high-frequency signals for the ocean tide model error, and lead to a dramatically larger error.
Real-time visualization of 3D city models at street-level based on visual saliency

Street-level visualization is an important application of 3D city models. Challenges to street-level visualization include the cluttering of buildings due to fine detail and visualization performance. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for streetlevel visualization based on visual saliency evaluation. The basic idea of the method is to preserve these salient buildings in a scene while removing those that are non-salient. The method can be divided into pre-processing procedures and real-time visualization. The first step in pre-processing is to convert 3D building models at higher Levels of Detail (LoDs) into LoD1 models with simplified ground plans. Then, a number of index viewpoints are created along the streets; these indices refer to both the position and the direction of each street site. A visual saliency value is computed for each building, with respect to the index site, based on a visual difference between the original model and the generalized model. We calculate and evaluate three methods for visual saliency: local difference, global difference and minimum projection area. The real-time visualization process begins by mapping the observer to its closest indices. The street view is then generated based on the building information stored in those indexes. A user study shows that the local visual saliency method performs better than do the global visual saliency, area and image-based methods and that the framework proposed in this paper may improve the performance of 3D visualization.
Dynamic-statistics combined forecast scheme based on the abrupt decadal change component of summer precipitation in East Asia

Based on the 1983~2011 CMAP data, the precipitation anomaly in East Asia and its nearby sea regions (hereafter called East Asia for short) demonstrates the “+-+” pattern before 1999 and the “-+-” pattern afterwards; this decadal change is contained principally in the corresponding EOF3 component. However, the NCC_CGCM forecast results are quite different, which reveal the “+-+-” pattern before 1999 and the “-+-+” pattern afterwards. Meanwhile, the probability of improving NCC_CGCM's forecast accuracy based on these key SST areas is discussed, and the dynamic-statistics combined forecast scheme is constructed for increasing the information of decadal change contained in the summer precipitation in East Asia. The independent sample forecast results indicate that this forecasting scheme can effectively modify the NCC_CGCM's decadal change information contained in the summer precipitation in East Asia (especially in the area of 30°N-55°N). The ACC is 0.25 and ACR is 61% for the forecasting result based on the V SST area, and the mean ACC is 0.03 and ACR is 51% for the seven key areas, which are better than NCC_CGCM's system error correction results (ACC is -0.01 and ACR is 49%). Besides, the modified forecast results also provide the information that the precipitation anomaly in East Asia mainly shows the “+-+” pattern before 1999 and the “-+-” pattern afterwards.
A SVD-based ensemble projection algorithm for calculating the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation

Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) is an extension of the linear singular vector technique in the nonlinear regime. It represents the initial perturbation that is subjected to a given physical constraint, and results in the largest nonlinear evolution at the prediction time. CNOP-type errors play an important role in the predictability of weather and climate. Generally, when calculating CNOP in a complicated numerical model, we need the gradient of the objective function with respect to the initial perturbations to provide the descent direction for searching the phase space. The adjoint technique is widely used to calculate the gradient of the objective function. However, it is difficult and cumbersome to construct the adjoint model of a complicated numerical model, which imposes a limitation on the application of CNOP. Based on previous research, this study proposes a new ensemble projection algorithm based on singular vector decomposition (SVD). The new algorithm avoids the localization procedure of previous ensemble projection algorithms, and overcomes the uncertainty caused by choosing the localization radius empirically. The new algorithm is applied to calculate the CNOP in an intermediate forecasting model. The results show that the CNOP obtained by the new ensemble-based algorithm can effectively approximate that calculated by the adjoint algorithm, and retains the general spatial characteristics of the latter. Hence, the new SVD-based ensemble projection algorithm proposed in this study is an effective method of approximating the CNOP.
Gas-to-particle conversion of atmospheric ammonia and sampling artifacts of ammonium in spring of Beijing

PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutants (SO_2, HNO_2, HNO_3, HCl, and NH_3) were simultaneously collected by Partisol~? Model 2300 Sequential Speciation Sampler with denuder-filter pack system in the spring of 2013 in Beijing. Water-soluble inorganic ions and gaseous pollutants were measured by Ion Chromatography. Results showed that the concentrations of NH_3, NH_4~+ and PM_(2.5) had similar diurnal variation trends and their concentrations were higher at night than in daytime. The results of gas-to-particle conversion revealed that [NH_3]:[NH_4~+] ratio was usually higher than 1; however, it was less than 1 and the concentration of NH_4~+ increased significantly during the haze episode, indicating that NH_3 played an important role in the formation of fine particle. Research on the sampling artifacts suggested that the volatilization loss of NH_4~+ was prevalent in the traditional single filter-based sampling. The excess loss of HNO_3 and HCl resulted from ammonium-poor aerosols and semivolatile inorganic species had severe losses in the clean day, whereas the mass of NH_4~+ was usually overestimated during the single filter-based sampling due to the positive artifacts. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the influence of meteorological conditions on the volatilization loss of NH_4~+. It was found that the average relative humidity and temperature had great effects on the loss of NH_4~+. The loss of NH_4~+ was significantly under high temperature and low humidity, and tended to increase with the increasing of absorption of gaseous pollutants by denuder. The total mass of volatile loss of NH_4~+, NO_3~- and Cl~- could not be ignored and its maximum value was 12.17 μg m~(-3). Therefore it is important to compensate sampling artifacts for semivolatile inorganic species.
Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses. During the last decade, a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified, and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized. These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts. Here, based on our research experience of more than 20 years, we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses, including iridoviruses, herpesviruses, reoviruses, and rhabdoviruses, and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus-host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.
Fabrication and characterization of BaCe_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2.9)-Ce_(0.85)Sm_(0.15)O_(1.925) composite electrolytes for IT-SOFCs

The BaCe_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2.9)-Ce_(0.85)Sm_(0.15)O_(1.925) composite electrolytes were prepared with BaCe_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2.9) (BCY) and Ce_(0.85)Sm_(0.15)O_(1.925) (SDC). The SDC and BCY powders were mixed in the weight ratio of 95:5, 85:15, and 75:25, respectively (named as BS95, BS85, and BS75). Because of the composite effect between the SDC and BCY phases, the BS95 and BS85 exhibit improved conductivity compared with the pure SDC and BCY. The conductivity of BS95 is higher than that of BS85, indicating that the composite effect of BS95 is greater than that of BS85. Nevertheless, the composite effect in BS75 does not exist. Hence, we conclude that the composite effect in the BCY-SDC composites will decrease with the increase of the amount of BCY and even disappear when the amount of BCY exceeds a certain value. In our case, the optimum composition of the composite electrolyte is 95 wt% SDC and 5 wt% BCY. The BS95 has the highest conductivity (σ_t=0.07808 S cm~(-1), at 800 °C) and the fuel cell based on the BS95 shows the best performance (the maximum power density reaches as high as 526 mw cm~(-2) at 750 °C). The encouraging results suggest that the BCY-SDC composites are the very promising electrolyte materials for IT-SOFCs.
Genetic basis and biotechnological manipulation of sexual dimorphism and sex determination in fish

Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production, especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins. The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish, such as the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis, has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding. A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size, and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes. Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques, the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered, and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes. This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.
A series of novel Zn(II) and Mn(II) metal-organic frameworks constructed by 2, 4-bis-oxyacetate-benzoic acid: syntheses, structures and photoluminescence

A new carboxylic acid ligand, 2, 4-bis-oxyacetate-benzoic acid (H_3BOABA), was designed and introduced to construct novel metal-organic framework materials. [ZnNa(BOABA)(phen)(H_2O)]?H_2O (1), ZnNa(BOABA) (2), Mn3(BOABA)_2(phen)_2 (3), [Mn_2(BOABA)(OH)]·(H_2O)_2 (4) (CCDC: 885138, 885137, 894225, 883094) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and thermal gravimetric analyses. Crystal structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Complex 1 is a one dimensional double edges non-interpenetrated framework decorated by the phen ligands on the surface. Complex 2 is an unique three dimensional open framework, consisting of Zn(II) and Na(I). Complex 3 is an unique double edges one dimensional MOF containing a [Mn_3(BOABA)_2(phen)_2]_n non-interpenetrated structure. Complex 4 is a two dimensional plane structure containing two Mn atoms in the same coordination environment. The interaction between four complexes and DNA were studied by EtBr fluorescence probe. Meanwhile, photoluminescence studies revealed that these four complexes display strong fluorescent emission bands in the solid state at room temperature.
Enhanced release of the poorly soluble drug itraconazole loaded in ordered mesoporous silica

It is known that the energy of the amorphous state of itraconazole loaded in ordered mesoporous materials is high relative to that of the crystalline state and is responsible for enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. We investigated the effects of particle size (0.7-5 μm), mesostructure (2D p6mm, cubic Ia-3d and cubic Fm-3m) and pore size (2.2-15.4 nm) of mesoporous silicas on the release performance of itraconazole. Results indicated that the release performance was not influenced by the particle sizes tested here, that the release performance increased with increasing pore diameter due to the lower probability of drug molecules colliding to recrystallize in large pores, and that the release performance was decreased in the cage-type pore structure (Fm-3m) compared to that in the cylindrical pore structures (p6mm and Ia-3d) because of the small entrance to the cagelike pores that retards the drug release.
Electrochemical synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene sheets for highly efficient oxygen reduction

Sulfur (S)-doped graphene sheets were prepared by a facile electrochemical method, which effectively combined exfoliation of graphite and in situ S doping of graphene together. The metal-free S-doped graphene sheets exhibit high electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and excellent tolerance to cross-over effects of methanol in alkaline media for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), indicating that these S-doped graphene sheets possess great potential for a substitute for Pt-based catalysts in fuel cells.
Photovoltaic efficiency of solution-processable organic molecules reached near 10%

In the family of organic solar cells with the donor materials of organic lecules (vacuum-deposited or solutionprocessed) and conjugated polymers, solution-processable organic molecules possess the advantages of solutionprocessibility in comparison with the vacuum-evaporated unsoluble organic molecules and definite molecular weight and high purity in comparison with the conjugated polymers. But in early stage of the studies, the researchers pay too more attention to the solubility of the molecules and focused on the molecules based on non-planar triphenylamine (TPA) unit and the molecules based on hyperbranched thiophene oligomers for their good solubility. The non-planar structure of the molecules results in poorer absorption and lower hole mobility, leading to lower photovoltaic efficiency. While the photovoltaic efficiency of conjugated polymers has gained steady progress by designing new polymers ith D-A structure, planar structure and side chain engineering (conjugated side chains and electron-withdrawing side chains) and by device optimization.
Over 10% efficiencies achieved for the PSCs with thick active layer based on D-A copolymer donors and various fullerene acceptors

In comparison with inorganic solar cells, polymer solar cells (PSCs) possess the advantages of light weight and potential low-cost production technology such as roll-to-roll printing production. And the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs reached ca. 10% recently. However, the high PCE is limited to the PSCs with the low bandgap polymer PBDTTTs as donor and PC_(70)BM as acceptor, and the optimized active layer thickness of the high efficiency PSCs is usually less than 100 nm. The dominant acceptor of PC_(70)BM places serious limitation on the development of the polymer donor materials to match with PC_(70)BM, andthe thin active layer makes large area fabrication of the PSCs very difficult.
A new oligobenzodithiophene end-capped with 3-ethyl-rhodanine groups for organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

A new solution-processable small-molecule donor material, named DRBDT3, comprised of oligobenzo[1, 2-b:4, 5-b']dithiophene as the backbone and 3-ethyl-rhodanine as the end-capped group has been designed and synthesized for application in organic photovoltaic cells.The oligobenzodithiophene derivative exhibits an absorption band from 300 to 640 nm.The film of DRBDT3 shows highly long-range ordering assembly and high mobility of 1.21×10~(-4) cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1).The new molecule shows a deep highest-occupied molecular orbital energy level.The device based on DRBDT_3 as the donor and PC_(71)BM as the acceptor exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 4.09%with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.99 V under AM.1.5G illumination(100m W cm~(-2)).
Synthesis of two-dimensional π-conjugated polymers pendent with benzothiadiazole and naphtho[1, 2-c:5, 6-c]bis[1, 2, 5]thiadiazole moieties for polymer solar cells

Four new 2D donor-acceptor conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized.These new polymers comprised fluorenealt-triphenylamine or carbazole-alt-triphenylamine as the backbones, and pendants with 2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole(BT)or naphtho[1, 2-c:5, 6-c]bis[1, 2, 5]thiadiazole(NT)in a triphenylamine unit as the side groups.By changing the acceptor BT for a stronger electron-withdrawing unit of NT moiety in the side chain, the energy levels, absorption spectra, band gaps, and charge-transport abilities of the resultant polymers could be effectively tuned.Bulk heterojunction solar cells with these polymers as the electron donors and(6, 6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor exhibited high open-circuit voltage(more than 0.8 e V).The power conversion efficiency can be improved from 1.37%to 3.52%by replacing the BT with an NT moiety, which indicates that introducing NT as the side-chain building block can be an effective strategy to construct efficient 2D conjugated polymers for PSCs.