mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Optimizations for High Performance Network Virtualization

The increasing requirements of intensive interoperaterbility among the distributed nodes desiderate the high performance network connections, owing to the substantial growth of cloud computing and datacenters. Network I/O virtualization aggregates the network resource and separates it into manageable parts for particular servers or devices, which provides effective consolidation and elastic management with high agility, flexibility and scalability as well as reduced cost and cabling. However, both network I/O virtualization aggregation and the increasing network speed incur higher traffic density, which generates a heavy system stress for I/O data moving and I/O event processing. Consequently, many researchers have dedicated to enhancing the system performance and alleviating the system overhead for high performance networking virtualization. This paper first elaborates the mainstreaming I/O virtualization methodologies, including device emulation, split-driver model and hardware assisted model. Then, the paper discusses and compares their specific advantages in addition to performance bottlenecks in practical utilities. This paper mainly focuses on the comprehensive survey of stateof-the-art approaches for performance optimizations and improvements as well as the portability management for network I/O virtualization. The approaches include various novel data delivery schemes, overhead mitigations for interrupt processing and adequate resource allocations for dynamic network states. Finally, we highlight the diversity of I/O virtualization besides the performance improvements in network virtualization infrastructure.
《人工听觉—新视野》

听觉让我们可以进行言语交流、音乐欣赏、感受环境等声音感知活动。在正常的听觉通路中,声音的机械振动主要通过耳廓、耳道、鼓膜和听骨链的传导进入耳蜗,振动信号在耳蜗中被转换为神经电信号,电信号被听觉神经系统逐渐上传至中枢,经处理形成听觉。
Detecting the Origins of Moisture over Southeast China:Seasonal Variation and Heavy Rainfall

To examine the ability of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to detect the origins and paths of moisture supplied to Southeast China, trajectories of air particles released over Southeast China were traced backward during 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 and three typical regional persistent heavy rainfall events. The HYSPLIT model provides more insightful information than water vapor flux. Analysis of the specific humidity along the trajectories revealed the origins of moisture and their contributions to the moisture supply in Southeast China. In the boreal summer half year, four key moisture transport paths from the eastern Indian Ocean, central Indian Ocean, South China Sea (SCS), and western North Pacific (WNP) contribute 10%, 20%, 31%, and 16% of the moisture to Southeast China, respectively. In the winter half year, the contributions of the paths from the WNP and North China double. Examination of heavy rainfall events showed that under tropical storm conditions, all moisture transport routines are rotated cyclonically before reaching Southeast China. The invasion of cold air can trigger heavy rainfall in both the summer and winter half years but plays different roles:it does not contribute to the moisture supply but plays a key role in converging and uplifting the moisture in the summer half year, while it supplies a great amount of moisture in the winter half year as it absorbs abundant moisture in crossing the WNP.
Observational Facts Regarding the Joint Activities of the Southwest Vortex and Plateau Vortex after Its Departure from the Tibetan Plateau

Using atmospheric observational data from 1998 to 2013, station rainfall data, TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) data, as well as annual statistics for the plateau vortex and shear line, the joint activity features of sustained departure plateau vortexes (SDPVs) and southwest vortexes (SWVs) are analyzed. Some new and useful observational facts and understanding are obtained about the joint activities of the two types of vortex. The results show that:(1) The joint active period of the two vortexes is from May to August, and mostly in June and July. (2) The SDPVs of the partnership mainly originate near Zaduo, while the SWVs come from Jiulong. (3) Most of the two vortexes move in almost the same direction, moving eastward together with the low trough. The SDPVs mainly act in the area to the north of the Yangtze River, while the SWVs are situated across the Yangtze River valley. (4) The joint activity of the two vortexes often produces sustained regional heavy rainfall to the south of the Yellow River, influencing wide areas of China, and even as far as the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Vietnam. (5) Most of the two vortexes are baroclinic or cold vortexes, and they both become strengthened in terms of their joint activity. (6) When the two vortexes move over the sea, their central pressure descends and their rainfall increases, especially for SWVs. (7) The two vortexes might spin over the same area simultaneously when there are tropical cyclones in the eastern and southern seas of China, or move southward together if a tropical cyclone appears near Hainan Island.
Teleconnected Influence of the BorealWinter Antarctic Oscillation on the Somali Jet:Bridging Role of Sea Surface Temperature in Southern High and Middle Latitudes

The teleconnection impact of the boreal winter Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) on the Somali Jet (SMJ) intensity in the following spring and summer is examined in this paper. The variability of the boreal winter AAO is positively related to the SMJ intensity in both spring and summer. The analyses show that the SST in southern high and middle latitudes seems to serve as a bridge linking these two systems. When the AAO is in strong positive phase, SST over the Southern Ocean cools in the high latitudes and warms in the middle latitudes, which persists into summer; however, the variability of SST in southern high and middle latitudes is also closely correlated to SMJ intensity. A possible mechanism that links SST variability with the AAO–SMJ relationship is also discussed. The AAO in boreal winter produces an SST anomaly pattern in southern high and middle latitudes through the air–sea coupling. This AAOrelated SST anomaly pattern modulates the local Ferrel cell anomaly in summer, followed by the regional Hadley cell anomaly in tropics. The anomalous vertical motion in tropics then changes the land–sea thermal contrast between the tropical Indian Ocean and the Asian continent through the variability of low cloud cover and downward surface longwave radiation flux. Finally, the land–sea thermal contrast anomaly between the tropical Indian Ocean and the Asian continent changes the SMJ intensity. The results from Community Atmosphere Model experiments forced by the SST anomaly in southern high and middle latitudes also confirm this diagnostic physical process to some extent.
电针治疗功能性肛门直肠痛35例

目的:观察电针治疗功能性肛门直肠痛的疗效。方法:对35例功能性肛门直肠痛患者采用针刺长强、大肠俞、上巨虚、承山、太冲、百会,并于大肠俞与上巨虚、承山与太冲行电针,每天治疗1次,治疗10次为一疗程,治疗2个疗程。观察治疗前后肛门直肠压、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及SF-36生活质量评分,并评价疗效。结果:治疗后患者VAS评分、肛管静息压和最大缩榨压均显著降低(均P<0.01),SF-36量表调查显示,除一般健康项目外,其余评分均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);临床治愈2例,显效9例,有效19例,无效5例,总有效率为85.7%。结论:电针治疗功能性肛门直肠痛效果良好,能降低肛门直肠压,提高患者生存质量。
Traveling Wave Solutions for Nonlinear Differential-Difference Equations of Rational Types

Differential-difference equations are considered to be hybrid systems because the spatial variable n is discrete while the time t is usually kept continuous. Although a considerable amount of research has been carried out in the field of nonlinear differential-difference equations, the majority of the results deal with polynomial types. Limited research has been reported regarding such equations of rational type. In this paper we present an adaptation of the (G'/G)-expansion method to solve nonlinear rational differential-difference equations. The procedure is demonstrated using two distinct equations. Our approach allows one to construct three types of exact traveling wave solutions (hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational) by means of the simplified form of the auxiliary equation method with reduced parameters. Our analysis leads to analytic solutions in terms of topological solitons and singular periodic functions as well.
Latitudinal variation of leaf morphological traits from species to communities along a forest transect in eastern China

Comprehensive information on geographic patterns of leaf morphological traits in Chinese forests is still scarce. To explore the spatial patterns of leaf traits, we investigated leaf area (LA), leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) across 847 species from nine typical forests along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) between July and August 2013, and also calculated the community weighted means (CWM) of leaf traits by determining the relative dominance of each species. Our results showed that, for all species, the means (± SE) of LA, LT, SLA, and LDMC were 2860.01 ± 135.37 mm~2, 0.17 ± 0.003 mm, 20.15 ± 0.43 m~2 kg~(-1), and 316.73 ± 3.81 mg g~(-1), respectively. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in leaf traits differed at the species and community levels. Generally, at the species level, SLA increased and LDMC decreased as latitude increased, whereas no clear latitudinal trends among LA or LT were found, which could be the result of shifts in plant functional types. When scaling up to the community level, more significant spatial patterns of leaf traits were observed (R~2 = 0.46-0.71), driven by climate and soil N content. These results provided synthetic data compilation and analyses to better parameterize complex ecological models in the future, and emphasized the importance of scaling-up when studying the biogeographic patterns of plant traits.
Vegetation dynamics in Qinling-Daba Mountains in relation to climate factors between 2000 and 2014

Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, we investigated the patterns of spatiotemporal variation in vegetation coverage and its associated driving forces in the Qinling-Daba (Qinba) Mountains in 2000-2014. The Sen and Mann-Kendall models and partial correlation analysis were used to analyze the data, followed by calculation of the Hurst index to analyze future trends in vegetation coverage. The results of the study showed that (1) NDVI of the study area exhibited a significant increase in 2000-2014 (linear tendency, 2.8%/10a). During this period, a stable increase was detected before 2010 (linear tendency, 4.32%/10a), followed by a sharp decline after 2010 (linear tendency, -6.59%/10a). (2) Spatially, vegetation cover showed a "high in the middle and a low in the surroundings" pattern. High values of vegetation coverage were mainly found in the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi Province. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 81.32% and 18.68%, respectively, during the study period. Piecewise analysis revealed that 71.61% of the total study area showed a decreasing trend in vegetation coverage in 2010-2014. (4) Reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change were stronger than the same characteristics on the Qinba Mountains. About 46.89% of the entire study area is predicted to decrease in the future, while 34.44% of the total area will follow a continuously increasing trend. (5) The change of vegetation coverage was mainly attributed to the deficit in precipitation. Moreover, vegetation coverage during La Nina years was higher than that during El Nino years. (6) Human activities can induce ambiguous effects on vegetation coverage: both positive effects (through implementation of ecological restoration projects) and negative effects (through urbanization) were observed.
The national forest inventory in China: history - results - international context

Background: National forest resource assessments and monitoring, commonly known as National Forest Inventories (NFI’s), constitute an important national information infrastructure in many countries. Methods: This study presents details about developments of the NFI in China, including sampling and plot design, and the uses of alternative data sources, and specifically ? reviews the evolution of the national forest inventory in China through the 20th and 21st centuries, with some reference to Europe and the US; ? highlights the emergence of some common international themes: consistency of measurement; more efficient sampling designs; implementation of improved technology; expansion of the variables monitored; scientific transparency; ? presents an example of how China’s expanding NFI exemplifies these global trends. Results: Main results and important changes in China’s NFI are documented, both to support continued trend analysis and to provide data users with historical perspective. Conclusions: New technologies and data needs ensure that the Chinese NFI, like the national inventories in other countries, will continue to evolve. Within the context of historical change and current conditions, likely directions for this evolution are suggested.
Predicting the spatial distribution of soil erodibility factor using USLE nomograph in an agricultural watershed, Ethiopia Hailu Kendie Addisa,b,n, Andreas Klika aInstitute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life

Soil erosion in the northwestern Amhara region, Ethiopia has been a subject of anxiety, resulting in a major environmental threat to the sustainability and productive capacity of agricultural areas. This study tried to estimate soil erodibility factor (Kfactor) using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) nomograph, and evaluate the spatial distribution of the predicted K-factor in a mountainous agricultural watershed. To investigate the K-factor, the 54 km~2 study watershed was divided into a 500 m by 500 m square grid and approximately at the center of each grid, topsoil samples (roughly 10 to 20 cm depth) were collected over 234 locations. Sand, silt, clay and organic matter (OM) percentage were analyzed, while soil permeability and structure class codes were obtained using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) document. The resulting coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimated K-factor was 0.31, suggesting a moderate variability. Meanwhile, the value of nugget to sill ratio of K-factor was 0.32, which categorized as moderate spatial autocorrelation. Prediction accuracy and model fitting effect of the Gaussian semivariogram approach was best, suggesting that the Gaussian ordinary Kriging model was more appropriate for predicting Kfactor. The resulting value of the mean error (ME) was 0 and the mean squared deviation ratio (MSDR) was nearly 1, which indicates the Gaussian model was unbiased and reproduced the experimental variance sufficiently. The values of K-factor were smaller (0.0217 to 0.0188) in the northern part and gradually increased (0.0273 to 0.033 Mg h MJ~(-1) mm~(-1)) towards the central and south of the study watershed.
The Space Infrastructure Vulnerability Cadastre: Orbital Debris Critical Loads

Orbital debris from over 50 years of human activity in space are threatening the operations of existing and future satellites and the sustainability of high-value satellite orbits. This technical memorandum calls for the development of a cadastre that depicts the vulnerability of critical satellite orbits to accumulating orbital debris. A space infrastructure vulnerability cadastre could serve as a governance tool for use by developers and operators of critical space infrastructures to better communicate the current and future vulnerability of high-value orbits to the accumulation of orbital debris. These high-value orbits are susceptible to ‘‘loss’’ for decades or centuries if generation of orbital debris continues unabated. The concept of environmental critical loads is applied to heavily used orbits as a way to indicate acceptable debris density for satellite operations, and when debris density/ risk thresholds approach unacceptable levels that reduce the probability of sustaining spacecraft operations in those orbits.
Hierarchical mechanical behavior of cobalt supracrystals related to nanocrystallinity

Here, we report on hierarchical mechanical behavior of 500-nm-thick Conanocrystal 3D superlattices (supracrystals) induced by either the crystalline structure (nanocrystallinity) or the length of the coating agent of Co nanocrystals. Increasing the nanocrystal shape anisotropy of Co nanocrystals through the control of their nanocrystallinities induces a higher level of ordering with both translational and orientational alignment of nanocrystals within the supracrystals. The hierarchy in ordering at various scales, i.e., from the atomic lattice within the nanocrystals to the nanocrystal superlattices within supracrystals, is correlated with marked changes in the Young's modulus of supracrystals: From 0.7 ± 0.4 to 1.7 ± 0.5 and to 6.6 ±1.5 GPa as the crystalline structure of Co nanoparticles changes from amorphous-Co to ε-Co and to hexagonal compact packing (hcp)-Co, respectively. Moreover, for supracrystals of 7 nm amorphous Co nanoparticles, the Young's modulus decreases by one order of magnitude from 0.7 ± 0.4 to 0.08 ± 0.03 GPa upon reducing the alkyl chain length of the ligands coating the Co nanoparticles from C_(18) (oleic acid) to C_(12) (lauric acid). The hierarchical mechanical behavior is rationalized using a dimensional model of the stress-strain relationship in supracrystals.
Social dominance-related major urinary proteins and the regulatory mechanism in mice

Major urinary proteins (MUPs) have been proven to be non-volatile male pheromones in mice. Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between MUPs and dominance hierarchy, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Dominance-submission relationship was established by chronic dyadic encountering. We found that at the urinary protein level and hepatic mRNA level, the expression of major MUPs, including Mup20, was enhanced in dominant males compared with subordinate males, indicating that MUPs might signal the social status of male mice. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of hepatic corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) was higher in subordinate male mice than in dominant male mice. Castration also enhanced the expression of CRHR2, but suppressed that of MUPs. CRHR2 agonist treatment reduced the expression of MUPs in liver. However, male social status failed to exert significant influence on serum testosterone and corticosterone as well as the mRNA expression of their receptors. These findings reveal that some MUPs, especially Mup20, might constitute potential dominance pheromones and could be downregulated by hepatic CRHR2,which is possibly independent of androgen or corticosterone systems.
Interlayer interactions in anisotropic atomically thin rhenium diselenide

In this work, we study the interlayer phonon vibration modes, the layer-numberdependent optical bandgap, and the anisotropic photoluminescence (PL) spectra of atomically thin rhenium diselenide (ReSe_2) for the first time. The ultralow frequency interlayer Raman spectra and the polarization-resolved high frequency Raman spectra in ReSe_2 allow the identification of its layer number and crystal orientation. Furthermore, PL measurements show the anisotropic optical emission intensity of the material with its bandgap increasing from l.26 eV in the bulk to 1.32 eV in the monolayer. The study of the layer-number dependence of the Raman modes and the PL spectra reveals relatively weak van der Waal's interaction and two-dimensional (2D) quantum confinement in the atomically thin ReSe_2. The experimental observation of the intriguing anisotropic interlayer interaction and tunable optical transition in monolayer and multilayer ReSe_2 establishes the foundation for further exploration of this material in the development of anisotropic optoelectronic devices functioning in the near-infrared spectrum, which is important for many applications in optical communication and infrared sensing.
High genetic diversity in the endangered and narrowly distributed amphibian species Leptobrachium leishanense

Threatened species typically have a small or declining population size, which make them highly susceptible to loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift and inbreeding. Genetic diversity determines the evolutionary potential of a species; therefore, maintaining the genetic diversity of threatened species is essential for their conservation. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of the adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in an endangered and narrowly distributed amphibian species, Leptobrachium leishanense in Southwest China. We compared the genetic variation of MHC class I genes with that observed in neutral markers (5 microsatellite loci and cytochrome b gene) to elucidate the relative roles of genetic drift and natural selection in shaping the current MHC polymorphism in this species. We found a high level of genetic diversity in this population at both MHC and neutral markers compared with other threatened amphibian species. Historical positive selection was evident in the MHC class I genes. The higher allelic richness in MHC markers compared with that of microsatellite loci suggests that selection rather than genetic drift plays a prominent role in shaping the MHC variation pattern, as drift can affect all the genome in a similar way but selection directly targets MHC genes. Although demographic analysis revealed no recent bottleneck events in L. leishanense, additional population decline will accelerate the dangerous status for this species. We suggest that the conservation management of L. leishanense should concentrate on maximizing the retention of genetic diversity through preventing their continuous population decline. Protecting their living habitats and forbidding illegal hunting are the most important measures for conservation of L. leishanense.
Facile synthesis of Fe/Ni bimetallic oxide solid-solution nanoparticles with superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction

The sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half-reaction of the electrochemical water-splitting reaction. Amorphous Fe/Ni composite oxides have high activity. In this work, we modified the aerosol spray-assisted approach and obtained amorphous Fe-Ni-O_x solid-solution nanoparticles (Fe-Ni-O_x-NPs) approximately 20 nm in size by choosing iron/nickel acetylacetonates as raw materials instead of inorganic salts. The small-sized Fe-Ni-O_x-NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, an investigation of electrochemical OER performance suggests that the small-sized Fe-Ni-O_x-NPs have higher activity than the large-sized Fe-Ni-O_x-MPs. A small overpotential of 0.315 V was demanded to obtain a working current density of 50 mA/cm~2, and the Tafel slope was as low as 38 mV/dec.