mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Full structure building and docking of NifS from extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The gene iscS-2 from extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans may play a crucial role in nitrogenase maturation. To investigate the protein encoded by this gene, a reliable integral three-dimensional molecular structure was built. The obtained structure was further used to search binding sites, carry out the flexible docking with cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate(PLP) and substrate cysteine, and identify its key residues. The docking results of PLP reveal that the residues of Lys203, His100, Thr73, Ser200, His202, Asp177 and Gln180 have large interaction energies and/or hydrogen bonds fixation with PLP. The docking results of cysteine show that the amino group in cysteine is very near His100, Lys203 and PLP, and the interaction energies for cysteine with them are very big. These identified residues are in line with the experimental facts of NifS from other sources. Moreover, the four residues of Asn152, Val179, Ala102 and Met148 in the PLP docking and the two residues of Lys208 and Ala102 in the cysteine docking also have large interaction energies, which are fitly conserved in NifS from all kinds of sources but have not been identified before. According to these results, this gene encodes NifS protein, and the substrate cysteine can be effectively recruited into the active site. Furthermore, all of the above detected key residues are directly responsible for the binding and/or catalysis of PLP and cysteine.
Microstructure and formation mechanism of in-situ TiC-TiB_2/Fe composite coating

Steel matrix composite coatings locally reinforced with in situ TiC-TiB_2 particulates were prepared by argon arc cladding(AAC) with different mass fractions of Fe and Ti+B_4C powders as the binding materials. The microstructure, micro-hardness and wear resistance were investigated using SEM, XRD, Micro-hardness Tester, and Friction and Wear Tester, respectively. The results show that the main phases of coating are TiC, TiB_2 and α-Fe. The excellent metallurgical bonding is formed between the composite coating and substrate. The coating is uniform, continuous and almost defect-free and the particles are dispersively distributed in the cladded coating. Moreover, the formation mechanism was investigated. With the increase of the content of TiC+TiB_2, the micro-hardness and wear resistance are also improved at the room temperature under normal atmosphere conditions.
Microstructure evolution of semi-solid 2024 alloy during two-step reheating process

A two-step reheating process was proposed and applied to perform reheating experiments on the semi-solid 2024 alloy billet. In this process, the semi-solid billet was firstly heated over liquidus temperature and then isothermally held at solid-liquid zone temperature. Microstructure evolution of the semi-solid billet during two-step reheating was studied by optical microscope and compared with that during isothermal reheating. The results show that the remelting rate of the semi-solid billet during two-step reheating is faster than that during isothermal reheating. Under the same reheating time, the grains of the semi-solid billet reheated by two-step reheating process are finer and rounder than those by isothermal reheating process. The present experimental results indicate that accelerating the formation of liquid phase during the two-step reheating process can restrain the coalescence of grains to a certain extent, and thus refine the grain size and promote the grain spheroidization.
Relationship between boundary misorientation angle and true strain during high temperature deformation of 7050 aluminum alloy

Tensile tests of solid solution treated 7050 aluminum alloy were conducted to different strain degrees (0.1, 0.4, 0.6 and failure) at 460 ℃ with the strain rate of 1.0×10~(-4)-1.0×10~(-1)s~(-1). The boundary misorientation angle evolution during hot deformation of the 7050 aluminum alloy was studied by EBSD technique and the fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. A linear relationship between the increase in the average boundary misorientation angle and the true strain at different strain rates is assumed when aluminum alloy is deformed at 460 ℃. The increasing rate of average boundary misorientation angle is 15.1-, 15.7- and -0.75- corresponding to the strain rate of 1.0×10~(-4), 1.0×10-2 and 0.1 s~(-1), respectively. The main softening mechanism is continuous dynamic recrystallization when the strain rates are 1.0×10~(-4) and 1.0×10-2 s~(-1), and it is dynamic recovery when strain rate is 0.1 s~(-1).
Cluster-Based Nearest-Neighbour Classifier and Its Application on the Lightning Classification

The problem addressed in this paper concerns the prototype generation for a cluster-based nearest-neighbour classifier. It considers, to classify a test pattern, the lines that link the patterns of the training set and a set of prototypes. An efficient method based on clustering is here used for finding subgroups of similar patterns with centroid being used as prototype. A learning method is used for iteratively adjusting both position and local-metric of the prototypes. Finally, we show that a simple adaptive distance measure improves the performance of our nearest-neighbour-based classifier. The performance improvement with respect to other nearest-neighbour-based classifiers is validated by testing our method on a lightning classification task using data acquired from the Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite, moreover the performance improvement is validated through experiments with several benchmark datasets. The performance of the proposed methods are also validated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.
Evaluating the Effect of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration Using the Minimum Detectable Difference Concept

Three long-term field trials in humid regions of Canada and the USA were used to evaluate the influence of soil depth and sample numbers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in no-tillage (NT) and moldboard plow (MP) corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production systems. The first trial was conducted on a Maryhill silt loam (Typic Hapludalf) at Elora, Ontario, Canada, the second on a Brookston clay loam (Typic Argiaquoll) at Woodslee, Ontario,Canada, and the third on a Thorp silt loam (Argiaquic Argialboll) at Urbana, Illinois, USA. No-tillage led to significantly higher SOC concentrations in the top 5 cm compared to MP at all 3 sites. However, NT resulted in significantly lower SOC in sub-surface soils as compared to MP at Woodslee (10-20 cm, P = 0.01) and Urbana (20-30 cm, P < 0.10).No-tillage had significantly more SOC storage than MP at the Elora site (3.3 Mg C ha~(-1)) and at the Woodslee site (6.2Mg C ha~(-1)) on an equivalent mass basis (1350 Mg ha~(-1) soil equivalent mass). Similarly, NT had greater SOC storage than MP at the Urbana site (2.7 Mg C ha~(-1)) on an cquivalent mass basis of 675 Mg ha~(-1) soil. However, these differences disappcared when the entire plow layer was evaluated for both the Woodslee and Urbana sites as a result of the higher SOC concentrations in MP than in NT at depth. Using the minimum detectable difference technique, we observed that up to 1500 soil sample per tillage treatment comparison will have to be collected and analyzed for the Elora and Woodslee sites and over 40 soil samples per tillage treatment comparison for the Urbana to statistically separate significant differences in the SOC contents of sub-plow depth soils. Therefore, it is impracticable, and at the least prohibitively expensive, to detect tillage-induced differences in soil C beyond the plow layer in various soils.
Distribution of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Farmlands of Songliao Plain, Northeast China

Soil enzymes activities and microbial biomass have an important influence on nutrient cycling. The spatial distribution of soil enzymes activities and microbial biomass were examined along a latitudinal gradient in farmlands of Songliao Plain, Northeast China to assess the impact of climatic changes along the latitudinal transect on nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Top soils (0-20 cm depth) were sampled in fields at 7 locations from north (Hailun) to south (Dashiqiao) in the end of October 2005 after maize harvest. The contents of total C, N, and P, C/N, available N, and available P increased with the latitude. The activities of invertase and acid phosphatase, microbial biomass (MB) C and N, and MBC/MBN were significantly correlated with latitude (P < 0.05, r~2 = 0.198, 0.635, 0.558, 0.211 and 0.317, respectively),that is, increasing with the latitude. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between invertase activity and the total N and available P, and betwcen acid phosphatase activity and the total C, C/N, available N, total P and available P. The urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase activities were significantly correlated with the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) (P < 0.05). MBC and MBN were positively correlated with the total C, C/N, and available P (P < 0.05). The MBC/MBN ratio was positively correlated with the total C, total N, C/N, and available N (P < 0.05).The spatial distribution of soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass resulted from the changes in soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and EC, partially owing to variations in temperature and rainfall along the latitudinal gradient.
Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana Carrying a Peroxisomal Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene from Barley

Ascorbate peroxidases (APX), localized in the cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondria, and chloroplasts of plant cells,catalyze the reduction of H_2O_2 to water by using ascorbic acid as the specific electron donor. To determine the role of peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidasc (pAPX), an antioxidant enzyme, in protection against salt-induced oxidative stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant carrying a pAPX gene (HvAPX1) from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was analyzed. The transgenic line pAPX3 was found to be more tolerant to salt stress than the wild type. Irrespective of salt stress, there were no significant differences in Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), and Mg~(2+) contents and the ratio of K~+ to Na~+ between pAPX3 and the wild type. Clearly, the salt tolerance in pAPX3 was not due to the maintenance and reestablishment of cellular ion homeostasis. However, the degree of H_2O_2 and lipid peroxidation (measured as the levels of malondialdehyde)accumulation under salt stress was higher in the wild type than in pAPX3. The mechanism of salt tolerance in transgenic pAPX3 can thus be explained by reduction of oxidative stress injury. Under all conditions tested, activities of superoxide,glutathionc reductase, and catalase were not significantly different between pAPX3 and the wild type. In contrast, the activity of APX was significantly higher in the transgcnic plant than in wild type under salt stress. These results suggested that in higher plants, HvAPX1 played an important role in salt tolerance and was a candidate gene for developing salt-tolerant crop plants.
Boron and Zinc Transport Through Intact Columns of Calcareous Soils

Leaching of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) can be significant in some pedomorphic conditions, which can cause contamination of shallow groundwater and economic losses. Boron and Zn adsorption and transport was studied using 8.4 cm diameter ×28 cm long intact columns from two calcareous soil series with differing clay contents and vadose zone structures:Lyallpur soil series, clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic Haplargid), and Sultanpur soil series, sandy loam (coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustollic Camborthid). The adsorption isotherms were developed by equilibrating soil with 0.01 mol L~(-1) CaCl_2 aqueous solution containing varying amounts of B and Zn and were fitted to the Langmuir equation. The B and Zn breakthrough curves were fitted to the two-domain convective-dispersive equation. At the end of the leaching experiment, 0.11 L 10 g L~(-1) blue dye solution was also applied to each column to mark the flow paths.The Lyallpur soil columns had a slightly greater adsorption partition coefficient both for B and Zn than the Sultanpur soil columns. In the Lyallpur soil columns, B arrival was immediate but the peak concentration ratio (the concentration in solution at equilibrium/concentration applied) was lower than that in the Sultanpur soil columns. The breakthrough of B in the Sultanpur soil columns occurred after about 10 cm of cumulative drainage in both the columns; the rise in effluent concentration was fast and the peak concentration ratio was almost 1. Zinc leaching through the soil columns was very limited as only one column from the Lyallpur soil series showed Zn breakthrough in the effluent where the peak concentration ratio was only 0.05. This study demonstrates the effect of soil structure on B transport and has implications for the nutrient management in field soils.
Phosphate-Solubilizing and -Mineralizing Abilities of Bacteria Isolated from Soils

Microorganisms capable of solubilizing and mineralizing phosphorus (P) pools in soils are considered vital in promoting P bioavailability. The study was conducted to screen and isolate inorganic P-solubilizing bacteria (IPSB) and organic P-mineralizing bacteria (OPMB) in soils taken from subtropical flooded and temperate non-flooded soils, and to compare inorganic P-solubilizing and organic P-solubilizing abilities between IPSB and OPMB. Ten OPMB strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium, and five IPSB strains as B. megaterium, Burkholderia caryophylli,Pseudomonas ciehorii, and Pseudomonas syringae. P-solubilizing and -mineralizing abilities of the strains were measured using the methods taking cellular P into account. The IPSB strains exhibited inorganic P-sohibilizing abilities ranging between 25.4-41.7 μg P mL~(-1) and organic P-mineralizing abilities between 8.2~(-1)7.8 μg P mL~(-1). Each of the OPMB strains also exhibited both solubilizing and mineralizing abilities varying from 4.4 to 26.5 μg P mL~(-1) and from 13.8 to 62.8 μg P mL~(-1), respectively. For both IPSB and OPMB strains, most of the P mineralized from the organic P source was incorporated into the bacterial cells as cellular P. A significantly negative linear correlation (P < 0.05) was found between culture pH and P solubilized from inorganic P by OPMB strains. The results suggested that P solubilization and mineralization could coexist in the same bacterial strain.
Effect of Potassium and C/N Ratios on Conversion of NH~+_4 in Soils

Two soils, one consisting of 1:1 clay minerals at pH 4.5 and the other containing 2:1 clay minerals at pH 7.0, were used to estimate the conversion of added NH~+_4 under different C/N ratios (glucose as the C source) and the addition of potassium. Under lower C/N ratios (0:1 and 5:1), a large part of the added NH~+_4 in the acid soil was held in the forms of either exchangeable or water soluble NH~+_4 for a relatively long time and under higher C/N ratio (50:1), a large amount of the added NH~+_4 was directly immobilized by microorganisms. In the second soil containing appreciable 2:1 type clay minerals a large part of the added NH~+_4 at first quickly entered the interlayer of the minerals under both lower and higher C/N ratios. In second condition, however, owing to microbial assimilation stimulated by glucose the newly fixed NH~+_4 could be completely released in further incubation because of a large concentration gradicnt between external NH~+_4 and fixed NH~+_4 in the mineral interlayer caused by heterotrophic microorganisms, which imply the fixed NH~+_4 to be available to plants. The results also showed that if a large amount of K~+ with carbon source together was added to soil, the higher K~+ concentration of soil solution could impede the release of fixed NH~+_4, even if there was a lot of carbon source.
Transport and metabolism of flavonoids from Chinese herbal remedy Xiaochaihu-tang across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers1

Aim: To investigate the limiting factors for oral bioavailability of flavonoids derived from the Chinese herbal remedy Xiaochaihu-tang. The investigational flavonoids included baicalin, wogonoside, oroxylin-A 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosiduronide, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, and isoliquiritin apioside, as well as their aglycones baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin-A, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin. Methods: Caco-2 cell monolayers were used and the apparent permeability both in apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions was measured for each investigational compound. Meanwhile, chemoinformatics was carried out to provide insight into the mechanism governing the permeability. In addition, carrier-mediated transport with or without inhibitors, as well as the metabolism by conjugation, was also examined with Caco-2 cell monolayers for the flavonoids. Results: The investigational flavonoid aglycones exhibited favorable membrane permeability, but efficient glucuronidation and/or sulfation by the enterocytes may limit their bioavailability. For the flavonoid glycosides, their poor membrane permeability was found to be caused by high hydrogen-bonding potential. Among the glycosides, oroxylin-A 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosiduronide, isoliquiritin, and isoliquiritin apioside were transported under the mediation of the efflux transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein and/or P-glycoprotein. Conclusion: The limiting factors of oral bioavailability for the flavonoids derived from Xiaochaihu-tang appeared to include poor membrane permeability, significant efflux, and efficient intestinal metabolism by conjugation.
Short hairpin RNA-mediated inhibition of HSV-1 gene expression and function during HSV-1 infection in Vero cells

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of 3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interfering with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene coding glycoprotein D (gD) for inhibiting the gD expression and virus replication in vitro. Methods: Vero cells were selected for an in vitro model of infection. Three shRNA sequences (shRNA-gD1, -gD2, and -gD3) targeting specifically the gD gene of HSV-1 were selected for evaluating the antiviral effects. The antiviral effects of shRNA in the cells infected with HSV-1 were evaluated by cytopathic effect (CPE) observations and plaque assays. The transcription level of viral RNA and the gD expression were studied by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results: With the 3 shRNA at a final concentration of 120 nmol/L, a significant inhibition of CPE in the HSV-1-infected cells was observed. The ED_(50) of shRNA-gD1, gD2, and gD3 were 48.74±2.57, 57.13±3.24, and 114.64±5.12 nmol/L, respectively. The gD gene decreased significantly after viral infection in the Vero cells pretreated with shRNA compared to the virus group. The expressions of the gD protein, determined by Western blotting and flow cytometry, were also drastically decreased in shRNA-transfected cells. Conclusion: Exogenous shRNA molecules can suppress the HSV-1 gD expression. They are inhibitors of HSV replication during infection in Vero cells.
A Test on Different Types of the Time Curve of Hardness Ratio of Gamma-Ray Bursts based on the Curvature Effect

We analyzed a sample of 66 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and statistically confirmed the prediction on the time curve of the hardness ratio of GRBs made by Qin et al. based on the curvature effect. In their analysis, GRB pulses are divided into three types according to the shape of their raw hardness ratio (RHR) time curves, defined as to include the background counts to the signal counts, so as to make use of counts within small time intervals. Of the three types, very hard sources exhibit a perfect pulse-like profile (type 1), hard bursts possess a pulse-like profile with a dip in the decay phase (type 2), and soft bursts show no pulse-like profile but have only a dipped profile (type 3). In terms of the conventional hardness ratio, type 3 sources are indeed generally softer than those of type 1 and type 2, in agreement with the prediction. We found that the minimum value of RHR is sensitive in distinguishing the different types. We propose that GRB pulses can be classified according to the minimum value of RHR and that the different type sources may be connected with different strengths of the shock or/and the magnetic field.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is dependent upon epidermal growth factor receptor expression or activation in androgen independent prostate cancer

Aim: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the possible mechanism in the development in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Methods: Immunohis-tochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections with goat polyclonal against COX-2 and mouse monoclonal antibody against EGFR in 30 AIPC and 18 androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) specimens. The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatments on the expression of COX-2 and signal pathway in PC-3 and DU-145 cells was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. ELISA was used to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the media of PC-3 and DU-145 incubated with EGF for 24 h. Results: COX-2 was positively expressed in AIPC and ADPC, which were predominantly in endochylema of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Intense staining was seen in AIPC (80%) and in ADPC (55.5%), but there was no significant association between the two groups. EGFR expression was also positive in the two groups (61.8% in ADPC and 90% in AIPC, P < 0.01). A significant association was found between EGFR expression and a higher Gleason score (P < 0.05) or tumor stage (P < 0.05). The expression of PGE2 was increased in PC-3 and DU-145 cells after being incubated with EGF. Both p38MAPK and PI-3K pathway were involved in the PC-3 cell COX-2 upregulation course. In DU-145, only p38MAPK pathway was associated with COX-2 upregulation. Conclusion: EGFR activation induces COX-2 expression through PI-3K and/or p38MAPK pathways. COX-2 and EGFR inhibitors might have a cooperative anti-tumor effect in PCa.
Microstructure and kinetics of hot deformation WE43 magnesium alloy

The effect of compression on the microstructures and flow behavior of WE43 magnesium alloy was investigated in this article. The relationship between flow stress and strain rate was discussed. According to the empirical formula = Aσ~n exp (? QRT), the value of heat activation of WE43 magnesium alloys is 297.15 kJ/mol. A mechanism of deformation softening of WE43 alloy in testing hot deformation was identified to be dynamic recrystallization.
提高220kV罗彦线输送容量的试验

为了最大限度地提高现有输电线路的传输能力,提出了提高原有线路导线允许温度来提高输电线路容量的方法。分析了摩尔根公式中影响导线载流量的因素后介绍了220kV罗彦线的基本情况,并利用在线检测装置对220kV罗彦线进行增容试验,实时监测导线和两侧变电设备温度,校验导线对地距离是否满足安全要求。试验表明,将导线电流从600A最终升至970A,提高输电容量约25%,提出的增容方法可行,为提高电网输送能力提供了现场试验依据。
合闸角控制装置Switchsync F236的安装和调试

ABB公司生产的Switchsync F236合闸角控制装置主要用于断路器同期分合闸,它能够精确控制合闸时间,可以消除或尽可能快地限制合闸时的暂态冲击。为了正确有效方便地应用该装置,介绍了Switchsync F236装置控制断路器分合闸的基本原理,分析了断路器分合闸的过程,给出了装置内部参数选取的方法,并结合兴仁站的582开关的调试过程说明了Switchsync F236装置的调试过程。
兴仁换流站合闸角控制装置的动作策略与运行

电力变压器分合闸充电过程中的励磁暂态过程对变压器的运行工况及设备安全有非常大的影响,如何减弱此暂态过程是一个较深入的研究议题。为此,针对兴仁换流站500kV站用变压器(YND11)以及交流滤波器合闸角控制装置的控制策略以及实际运行中的问题进行了研究,结合动作波形,对合闸角控制装置的设置方式、自适应调节控制功能以及故障情况进行了详细说明,并给出了运行中应该注意的问题以及处理方法。
直流输电接地极线路招弧角有关问题的分析

为提高直流线路运行的可靠性,对天广直流马窝侧接地极线路、兴安直流兴仁侧接地极线路招弧角的运行进行了分析和计算,得出目前直流输电接地极线路招弧角配置存在间隙过小的问题,使安装了招弧角的线路的耐雷水平大为降低,必须对此进行调整。根据线路的实际运行情况,兼顾保护绝缘子串和保证线路的耐雷水平,提出了调整绝缘子串和招弧角间隙绝缘配合的方法,仿真计算表明此方法可提高线路的耐雷水平。
Global Existence and Scattering in L~2 for the Mass-critical Hartree Equation With H0,1 Initial Data

In this paper we consider the Cauchy Problem for the mass-critical Hartree equationI(e)tu+△u=μ(|x|2*|u|2)u,(t,x)∈R×Rn,n≥3,(1)u(0,x)=φ(x), x∈Rn,(2).
臭豆碱在大鼠体内的毒代动力学研究

臭豆碱（Anagyrine，Ana）化学名称为7，14-亚甲基-4H，6H-二吡啶并[1，2-α：1’，2’-e]二氮芳辛-4-酮，7，7_α，8，9，10，11，13，14-八氢-，[7R-（7_α，7_(αβ)，14_α）]-[486-89-5],分子式为C_(15)H_(20)N_2O，是黄花碱的立体异构体。国外学者研究证明臭豆碱对较高等动物有致畸作用，如引起家畜畸形，腭裂、腿和脊柱变形等，亦可导致胎儿流产。此外，臭豆碱还具有促进分娩、治疗痛经等作用。