mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Potential of land consolidation of hollowed villages under different urbanization scenarios in China

There exists great potential of rural land consolidation in China due to the aggravated hollowed villages against the background of rapid rural-urban transformation. The paper aims to investigate the potential of rural land consolidation within four urbanization scenarios: Complete urbanization, Semi-urbanization, Urbanization in batches and prospective urbanization in 2020. Research findings show that, (1) the potentials of rural land consolidation in complete and semi-urbanization are 809.89×10~4 hm~2 and 699.19×10~4 hm~2 respectively while rural consolidation rates are 50.70% and 43.77%. As for the urbanization in batches and urbanization in 2020, the potentials are 757.89×10~4 hm~2 and 992.16×10~4 hm~2. (2) Beside Tibet and Ningxia, rural consolidation rates in most provinces are between 40% and 60%, and the land increase rates are between 3% and 12%. Significant correlation between potential of rural land consolidation and the degree of hollowed villages is also found. (3) Evident differences of potential of rural land consolidation exist across provinces. Rural consolidation rates in the East and Central provinces are higher than that in the West provinces. Villages in the developed areas have higher consolidation rates than those in the less developed areas, and villages in the plain areas tend to have higher consolidation rates than those in the mountainous areas.
Visual simulation of regional development differentiation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region

Regional development differentiation is a complicated spatial and temporal dynamic process. Recent developments in spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have led to an increasing interest in quantitative analysis and visualization of the process. However, so far, few direct connections have been made between the newly developed methods and classic spatial development theories, which would be very helpful for the interpretation and understanding of regional spatiotemporal differentiation. Using basic concepts and academic principles of polarized growth theory and gradient transfer theory, this paper quantifies the concept of regional development space. It then proposes a method based on GIS to visually simulate and analyze regional development spatiotemporal differentiation through a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region (BTHMR), China. The main research results are as follows. 1) The proposed method, built on classic theories and well-developed GIS technology, presents a good picture of regional development spatiotemporal differentiation. 2) The levels of regional development, in terms of per capita GDP across BTHMR, diminished significantly with increased distances away from city propers (which can be seen as the regional growth poles), leading to the appearance of development valley zones between different cities. The development valley zones between each city coincided with their boundary areas, which indicates that administrative boundaries have some impact on regional development, if the regional division is based on administrative boundaries. 3) From 1993 to 2007, the development level in the whole BTHMR improved significantly, of which polarized growth was dominant, especially for Beijing and Tianjin. However, as the two economic development engines in BTHMR, the pull effects of both Beijing and Tianjin on their peripheral areas were comparatively weak, except for those on Tangshan. 4) The structure and pattern of gradient transfer and balanced development in the BTHMR had not been completely developed yet, and the sustained polarized development of the regional economy in BTHMR was still going to be the main trend in the next 5–10 years.
Dynamic mechanism and present situation of rural settlement evolution in China

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the factors influencing the evolution of rural settlements, including natural environmental constraints, infrastructure, regional cultural inheritance and integration, urbanization and rural industrial transformation, land use reformation and innovation, rural household behavior conversion, macro-control policy factors, and so on. Based on differences between the ways and degree of effect on rural settlement evolution, these factors are classified into basic factors, new-type factors and mutation factors. The drive of basic factors mainly focuses on the traditional inheritance of rural settlements, the new-type factors mainly affect rural settlement transition, and the mutation factors may bring about sudden changes. All these factors constitute a “three-wheel” driving mechanism for the evolution of rural settlements, and shape three typical driver paths: slow smooth path under the basic factors, new path to rapid development under the new-type factors, and the sudden change path under the mutation factors. The paper also investigates the overall situation of rural settlement evolution in the aspects of settlement system, settlement scale, settlement morphology, settlement function, settlement culture, settlement environment, etc. The general process of rural settlement evolution is divided into four stages: initial, transitional, developmental, and mature stages.
River sediment supply, sedimentation and transport of the highly turbid sediment plume in Malindi Bay, Kenya

The paper presents results of a study on the sediment supply and movement of highly turbid sediment plume within Malindi Bay in the Northern region of the Kenya coast. The current velocities, tidal elevation, salinity and suspended sediment concentrations (TSSC) were measured in stations located within the bay using Aanderaa Recording Current Meter (RCM-9), Turbidity Sensor mounted on RCM-9, Divers Gauges and Aanderaa Temperature-Salinity Meter. The study established that Malindi Bay receives a high terrigenous sediment load amounting to 5.7 × 10~6 ton·yr~(?1). The river freshwater supply into the bay is highly variable ranging from 7 to 680 m~3·s~(?1). The high flows that are > 150 m~3·s~(?1) occurred in May during the South East Monsoon (SEM). Relatively low peak flows occurred in November during the North East Monsoon (NEM) but these were usually <70 m3·s?1. The discharge of highly turbidity river water into the bay in April and May occurs in a period of high intensity SEM winds that generate strong north flowing current that transports the river sediment plume northward. However, during the NEM, the river supply of turbid water is relatively low occurring in a period of relatively low intensity NEM winds that result in relatively weaker south flowing current that transports the sediment plume southward. The mechanism of advection of the sediment plume north or south of the estuary is mainly thought to be due to the Ekman transport generated by the onshore monsoon winds. Limited movement of the river sediment plume southward towards Ras Vasco Da Gama during NEM has ensured that the coral reef ecosystem in the northern parts of Malindi Marine National Park has not been completely destroyed by the influx of terrigenous sediments. However, to the north there is no coral reef ecosystem. The high sediment discharge into Malindi Bay can be attributed to land use change in the Athi-Sabaki River Basin in addition to rapid population increase which has led to clearance of forests to open land for agriculture, livestock grazing and settlement. The problems of heavy siltation in the bay can be addressed by implementing effective soil conservation programmes in the Athi-Sabaki Basin. However, the soil conservation programmes in the basin are yet to succeed due to widespread poverty among the inhabitants and the complications brought about by climate change.
Differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of ecological land rent among provinces in China

Ecological land rent is the excess profit produced by resource scarcity, and is also an important indicator for measuring the social and economic effects of resource scarcity. This paper, by calculating the respective ecological land rents of all the provinces in China for the years 2002 and 2007, and with the assistance of the software programs ArcGIS and GeoDA, analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological land rent; then, the influencing factors of ecological land rent differentiation among the provinces are examined using the methods of traditional regression and spatial correlation analysis. The following results were obtained: First, ecological land rent per unit of output in China shows stable distribution characteristics of being low in the southwestern and northeastern provinces, and high in Hebei and Henan provinces. There is also an increasing tendency in the central and western provinces, and a decreasing one in the eastern provinces. In general, the spatial distribution of ecological land rent per unit of output in China is quite scattered. Second, the total ecological land rent shows significant spatial aggregation characteristics, in particular the provinces in China possessing high total amounts of ecological land rent tend to be adjacent to one another, as do those with low total amounts, and the spatial difference characteristics of the eastern, central and western provinces are distinguished. The Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are shown to be highly clustering regions of total ecological land rent, while the western provinces have very low ecological land rent in terms of total amount. Third, population distribution, economic level and industrial structure were all important influencing factors influencing ecological land rent differentiation among provinces in China. Furthermore, population density, urbanization level, economic density, per capita consumption level and GDP per capita were all shown to be positively related to total ecological land rent, which indicates that spatial clustering exists between ecological land rent and these factors. However, there was also a negative correlation between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage, indicating that spatial scattering exists between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage.
Spatial coupling analysis of regional economic development and environmental pollution in China

Given the great number of studies focusing on the temporal interaction between economic and environmental subsystems, it is useful to perform a quantitative spatial assessment of these subsystems. In this paper, comprehensive assessment indicators for regional economic development and environmental pollution subsystems are constructed. Then, the degree of coupling and coordination of the regional economy–environment system is calculated for 350 prefectural units in China. It is found that the economic development and environmental pollution in most prefectural units is still at a low level of coupling and coordination. According to the coupling and coordination values, the Chinese territory can be divided into four types of area: economy–environment harmonious area, economy–environment gearing area, economy–environment rivaling area and low coupling degree of economy–environment area. Based on a structural analysis of the industrial sector in the four types of areas, there is a spatial relationship between the regional industrial sector structure and the coupling-coordination level. In the economy–environment harmonious area, the sectors of manufacturing of high-technology and high value-added products, such as communications, computer and electronic equipment, transport equipment and electrical machinery, account for a large proportion of the value of local industrial output. The industrial value of the economy–environment gearing area is concentrated on the manufacturing of machinery and equipment, and contains a few polluting sectors such as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical manufacturing and electricity generation. The economy–environment rivaling area is the type of area where polluting sectors concentrate, such as iron and steel, petrifaction, coal mining, building materials and electricity generation. In the low coupling degree of economy–environment area, its industry is concentrated on the production and processing of primary products.
Impacts of ecological restoration projects on agricultural productivity in China

The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program (ERP), started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China’s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satellite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural productivity caused by ERP, including “Grain for Green” Program (GFGP) and “Reclaimed Cropland to Lake” (RCTL) Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000–2005. During 2005–2008, the loss rate due to ERP decreased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000–2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP (about 70%) than RCTL. Although ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000–2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase.
监测尿量能否预防急性肾损伤和判断预后

急性肾损伤(AKI)是一种发病率和死亡率都很高的临床危重症,并可直接导致患者住院时间的延长和医疗费用的增加。最新的数据显示, AKI的年发病率约为5000例/百万人,其中需要肾脏替代治疗的年发病率为295例/百万人;在普通住院患者中的发病率约1.9%,而在危重病患者中的发病率则更高,在存在脓毒症的情况下甚至可超过40%。尿量的改变,尤其是少尿是AKI患者常见的临床现象,现有的AKI诊断标准,包括RIFLE标准和AKIN标准及最新的KDIGO标准,均纳入尿量作为AKI诊断和分期的依据。ADQI (Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative)组织也推荐将尿量作为判断肾功能的一个敏感标志,并强调增加观察频率,如进行每小时计量,可增加AKI的早期诊断率。然而,在实际临床工作中,尿量易受多种因素的影响,如水负荷状态、血流动力学情况、药物(特别是利尿剂)的应用等,在某些情况下,重度的AKI甚至可以不出现少尿。因此,目前对于应用尿量作为AKI诊断及预后判断的指标,临床上还存在一定的困难,在某些方面还有争议,笔者将从以下几个部分来具体阐述这些问题。
Sources and distributions of terrigenous organicmatter in a mangrove fringed small tropical estuary in South China

The sources and distributions of terrigenous organicmatter (OM) were investigated in a small tropical estuary in the Hainan Island, South China. Plants, suspended particulatematter (SPM), and surface sediments samples in the estuary and coast were collected. Bulk properties [organic carbon (OC%), total nitrogen (TN%), stable carbon isotope (δ~(13)C) and grain size] and lignin phenol concentrationsweremeasured. OC% ofmangrove plants was (43. 4±2. 1)%, which is similar to the values reported formangrove plants in other regions. OC%of sediment samples ranged from0. 07% to 1. 42%, and theywere related to the sediment texture. Lignin phenols in the sediment ranged from 5. 16 mg/100 mg OC in the uppermost station to 0. 51 mg/100 mgOC in the coast. Themolar ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen(C/N) (~7) andδ~(13)C (~-31. 1×10~(?3)) of riverine SPM revealed that themajor OM sources of riverine SPM were aquatic OM(phytoplankton and/or bacteria). Moreover, the lower lignin concentration (Λ8) and higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols suggest that terrestrialOMin riverine SPMweremainly from soil. Furthermore, C/Nratio, δ~(13)C and lignin phenols reveal thatmangrove plants were the predominant OMsources of mangrove surface sediment. Based on the δ~(13)C and lignin phenols, it can be concluded that the major OM sources in estuarine and coastal surface sediments were marine phytoplankton, riverine SPM and mangrove surface sediment. In addition, the higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols in those coastal sediments indicate that seagrassmight be a potential OMsource in coastal sediments, however, the lower (Ad/Al)v in the estuarine sediments in turn suggests that seagrass could not be transported to the mangrove fringed region. A three-end-member model which is based on lignin concentrations and δ~(13)C was applied to evaluate the contribution ofmangroves to the organicmatter preserved in the surface sediments. Around the mangrove fringed region, mangrove could contributemore than 50% to the sedimentary OM, and this value is much higher than riverine OM. Nevertheless, mangrove OMcould not be efficiently transported to the coastal region. Our study suggests thatmangrove forest is an important OMsource in this small estuary.
Response of bedload transport, submarine topography, and dune internal structures to typhoon processes off Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf

Bedload sediment transport was estimated by the SEDTRANS96model based on three-day hydrodynamics data obtained off the Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Bedforms on the sea floor off the Dongfang coast and internal structures of a typical dune were interpreted to evaluate storminfluences on individual dunes and the dune field. Results indicated that flow forcings and related bedload transportwere both strengthened significantly due to Typhoon Ketsana. Themeasurements and modeling results, which mainly included three different stages, presented noticeable phasic variation. The three stages were dominated by tidal current (Period I), tidal current combined with wind-induced waves (Period II), and swells combined with tidal current and seaward flows (Period III). This phasic variation could be a common trait of hydrodynamics due to typhoonsmoving westwardly to the south of Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf in South China Sea. Results indicated that the maximum bedload transport rate for every burst in Period III was almost 100 times larger than that in Period I and was ten times larger than that in Period II. However, the short-termincrease in bedload transport induced by storms like Ketsana did not change the long-termevolution of dunemorphology. Evidence was given by the internal structures of a typical dune, which revealed renewedmodification under subsequentmoderate conditions after stormerosion. Instead, storms may influence at different scales and regional allocation of sand dunes in some large areas because changes of the sea floor in large scales can hardly be recovered. More surveys during and after stormpassage are also needed to document the level of positive contribution to forward migration.
我国东北冬季降雪的年代际增多及其与冬季风减弱的关系

针对我国东北冬季降水(降雪)近几十年来的变化进行了研究,结果显示:20世纪80年代中期之后冬季降雪开始增多,就区域平均而言1986~2010年期间比1951~1985年显著增多了20%以上.进一步的研究揭示这种年代际降雪增多和20世纪80年代中期之后东亚冬季风的减弱有密切关系,其基本物理图像是:东亚冬季风年代际减弱导致冷空气减弱,从而使得东北亚的太平洋沿岸区海温升高,进而海面的蒸发加强使得其上空水汽含量增多,由此导致向我国东北地区的水汽输送增多;另外,20世纪80年代中期之后由于冬季风减弱,导致大气变暖,来自冬季风上游的水汽输送也增多了.这两个因素使得东北冬季上空水汽含量显著增多了,从而导致冬季降雪增多.
平流层爆发性增温对阻塞高压的响应及其对对流层反馈的观测

应用1979~2010年逐日的NCEP2再分析资料研究了对流层阻塞高压活动对平流层爆发性增温(SSW)的影响,以及增温发生后平流层异常对下层大气的反馈.对21个强SSW事件的动力诊断与合成分析表明:在增温过程中平流层极涡会表现出不同的分布特征,并且极涡的这些扰动受到对流层中分布在不同区域的阻塞高压活动影响,因此根据极涡和阻塞的位置将SSW事件分为2种类型即极涡分裂型和偏心型.对于分裂型,在欧亚-北美(ENA)副型中,极涡分裂前在大西洋和阿留申群岛地区有典型的阻塞形势存在,它们向极地、向平流层伸展的作用使得极涡分裂,形成的两个低压中心分别位于欧亚和北美大陆;在大西洋-东亚(AEA)副型中,主要的阻塞活动位于乌拉尔山和北美大陆区域,极涡在高压系统的共同作用下分裂后位于大西洋和东亚地区.在偏心型中,一种是极涡偏移到欧洲西部、大西洋地区的阿留申侵入(AI)副型,这时平流层极涡被侵入极区的阿留申高压推挤,对应的阻塞高压活动位于太平洋及阿留申群岛区域;另一种副型是北美侵入(NAI)型,来自于北美大陆西部的高压中心侵入极区,对应了低层位于该地区的阻塞形势,极涡在高压系统的作用下偏移至欧亚大陆西部.本文还研究了平流层爆发性增温后环流异常的信号能否向下传播到低层大气,这取决于极涡扰动的强度、位置和持续的时间.根据逐年的个例分析,在强SSW事件中位势高度异常可以向下传播至对流层,引起对流层高度场和温度场的变化,其传播时间从10hPa到500hPa大约需要10~15d.
21世纪东亚季风变化:CMIP3和CMIP5模式预估结果

使用国际耦合模式比较计划第3和最新的第5阶段中共42个气候模式的数值试验结果,首先定量评估了它们对于当代东亚冬、夏季风气候态的模拟能力;而后在SRES A1B中等温室气体排放情景或者RCP4.5中等偏低辐射强迫情景下,根据择优选取的31和29个气候模式分别对21世纪东亚冬、夏季风变化进行了预估研究.结果表明:相对于1980~1999年参照时段,21世纪东亚冬季风强度整体上变化不大,在区域尺度上则表现为在东亚约25°N以北地区减弱,在其南部加强,这主要是源于阿留申低压系统减弱和北移所引起的西北太平洋和东北亚地区大气环流变化,同时也与东北亚地区西北至东南向热力对比和气压梯度减小有关.另一方面,东亚大陆与西北太平洋和南海的海陆热力差异加大导致21世纪中国东部夏季风环流略有加强.
20世纪90年代末中国东部夏季降水和环流的年代际变化特征及其内动力成因

观测资料分析表明,中国东部夏季降水在20世纪90年代末发生了年代际突变,在1999~2010年期间降水异常从以往的经向三极子型分布变成了经向偶极子分布,形成了“南涝北旱”(除长江沿岸地区)的特征;中国东部这次降水的年代际突变与东亚上空对流层环流及散度、垂直运动以及整层水汽输送散度的经向偶极子型年代际异常分布相对应.并且,本文还从大气内动力和热力过程讨论了1999~2010年期间东亚地区上空夏季对流层中、上层纬向气流和经向气流异常对中国东部夏季降水年代际突变的影响,其结果表明,由于在此时期东亚上空副热带急流北移减弱,使得东亚上空纬向气流异常形成经向偶极子型.这一方面使得东亚对流层上层沿副热带急流传播的“丝绸之路(Silk Road)”型、沿东亚经向传播的东亚/太平洋(EAP)型和沿极锋急流传播的欧亚(EU)型遥相关波列发生异常,从而引起中国北方为下沉运动异常,而南方为上升运动异常;另一方面造成了中国东部对流层中层北方有冷平流异常,而南方有暖平流异常,这也引起了中国北方有下沉运动异常,而南方有上升运动异常,因而在1999~2010年期间夏季中国形成南涝北旱的降水异常.
多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对工程扰动及气候变化的响应

基于青藏铁路沿线长期地温监测资料,对天然场地及铁路路基下部的浅层地温、多年冻土上限及下伏冻土地温动态变化过程进行对比分析,研究多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对于工程扰动及气候变化的响应过程.监测结果表明,路基修筑后边坡热效应显著,由此导致路基下部多年冻土热状况的不对称分布,必须引起足够的重视.块石路基修筑后,下部多年冻土上限抬升显著,其中阴坡路肩下抬升幅度普遍较阳坡路肩下显著.普通路基修筑后,在年平均地温低于-0.6~-0.7℃的地区下部多年冻土上限有不同程度的抬升,而在年平均地温高于-0.6℃的地区下部冻土上限则出现了一定程度的下降,其中阳坡路肩下降幅显著.受块石层冷却降温作用,低温冻土区块石路基下部浅层冻土地温有明显降温过程,而在高温冻土区这一降温趋势只存在于阴坡路肩下.对于普通路基,多年冻土上限抬升后,浅层冻土地温存在一定的升温过程.对于气候变暖,低温冻土区多年冻土的响应主要集中体现在冻土升温上,而高温冻土区多年冻土的响应则主要表现为冻土上限下降,冻土厚度减小.基于上述监测结果,可将目前青藏铁路路基热状况分为稳定型(低温冻土区块石路基)、亚稳定型(低温冻土区普通路基及高温冻土区块石路基)和不稳定型(高温冻土区普通路基).
腹部挤压伤后腹股沟疝致阴囊破裂1例

腹股沟疝的疝内容大多为肠管及大网膜,容易形成嵌顿并发坏死,严重时引起疝囊壁自发性破裂。另外,有文献报道分娩过程中腹股沟斜疝致大小阴唇交界处破裂。但外力引起疝囊及阴囊破裂者极其罕见,本例引起阴囊破裂的可能原因:(1)患者高龄,消瘦,组织退行性变,疝囊、阴囊组织菲薄、疏松,平滑肌、腹股沟韧带、睾丸鞘膜组织松弛,失去了原有的韧性和坚固;(2)车祸时患者瞬间受巨大暴力挤压,腹腔压力骤然增高,骤升的腹腔压力作用于腹腔脏器及腹膜,腹腔压力从而向腹股沟疝内环口传递,疝囊、腹股沟管、阴囊皮肤不能抵御腹腔内压力。基于以上两种原因,产生了阴囊的气球样爆破。通过对本例患者的诊断治疗体会如下:腹股沟疝诊断明确,应及早手术治疗,避免形成嵌顿性疝的形成及此类现象的发生。一旦发生,应及早还纳疝内容物,避免肠管嵌顿坏死。如有坏死需尽可能在腹腔外切除坏死肠段,腹腔外冲洗,降低腹腔感染机会,从而减少术后并发症。同时行高位结扎术封闭内环口,另外留置阴囊引流条可以有效减轻局部感染。
土霉素废水中草酸的回收利用

在土霉素生产工艺中,为了提高发酵液的质量及其过滤后土霉素的收率、改善过滤条件,要对发酵液进行必要的预处理,即向发醇液中加入一定量的草酸,并将其pH调至1.75～1.85,草酸可起凝固蛋白、释放菌丝内单位(土霉素)的作用,另外,草酸可与发酵液中的Ca2+结合,形成溶解度很小的草酸钙沉淀,然后将其滤除.
牙髓病、根尖周病的暂封和护理体会

牙髓病和根尖周病在治疗过程中的暂封是一般常规操作中的重要部分.如果暂封不佳,就会发生渗漏,使髓腔与口腔环境相通,导致复方亚砷酸糊剂或其他消毒药物渗漏,或因暂封不良而使药性丧失或减弱而影响治疗效果,同时也易使唾液中细菌进入髓腔引起再感染.暂封在治疗过程中,除要求医生严格按操作规程处理外,还要向患者讲明注意事项,按规定时间进行复诊,如患者发现口腔中有异味应及时到医院进行复查治疗,不可拖延.否则,一旦发生药物渗漏,不但影响治疗效果,还会给患者造成很大精神负担,经过多年临床观察和实践,特将有关暂封的体会总结如下.……
川明参须根中的化学成分

川明参Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan属于伞形科川明参属,是我国特有的单种属植物,主要分布在四川,多为栽培[1].其根作为滋补用药,具有润肺化痰、和胃生津和解毒的功效,在民间常常用作滋补药材[2].饶高雄、周燕等曾经对不同产地、不同部位的川明参化学成分进行过研究,得到多为香豆素和黄酮类化合物[2～4].川明参须根在市场上也作为滋补品出售,且价格较低.为了进一步探索川明参的活性成分,为综合开发利用这一特有资源提供依据,我们对川明参须根的化学成分进行研究,从其乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出10个化合物.
胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎术后并发颞部巨大表皮样囊肿1例

患者,男,32岁.患者5年前因左侧胆脂瘤型中耳乳突炎在我院行左耳后径路鼓室成形术,术中取颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜,术后伤口愈合较好.术后3年,左耳后切口上方颞部出现一肿块,大小约1 cm×1 cm,无疼痛、发热等不适,未去医院诊治.2年来肿块逐渐增大,有胀感,于2001年12月来我院就诊.检查:左耳后伤口愈合好,切口上端颞部皮下可触及大小约12 cm×6 cm椭圆形(横状)肿块,质软、表面光滑、无压痛.左外耳道干燥,鼓膜完整.择期于局部麻醉下行左颞部肿块切除,术中见包膜完整光滑,与周围无粘连,完整切除肿块,术毕切开肿块包膜见内为白色豆渣样物.术后病理报告:表皮样囊肿.现已随访2年未见复发.……
花前叶面喷施复合制剂对非洲菊生长及切花保鲜的影响

非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii Bolus)别名扶郎花,原产南非,为菊科多年生宿根草本花卉,广泛用于鲜切花,是世界五大鲜切花之一.随着我国花卉业的发展,非洲菊的栽培面积逐年扩大,对非洲菊的形态结构、栽培技术等方面的研究逐渐深入,也涉及应用保鲜剂进行切花保鲜、延缓衰老方面的研究 .盛爱武等人研究表明,花前喷施6-BA可改善切花品质,提高切花本身的抗逆性,对瓶插非洲菊切花有较好的保鲜效果 .本试验采用6-BA和KH2PO4为主要成分的复合制剂,于开花前处理叶面,探讨其对切花非洲菊植株生长的影响,为鲜切花的保鲜提供依据.……
联用灯盏细辛和普康喜治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

病例选择根据1985年WHO修正糖尿病标准诊断糖尿病,选择1999～2002年收住院2型糖尿病同时合并糖尿病肾病40例,随机对照法分为观察组20例,对照组20例.2组病人治疗前年龄、性别、体重指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率指标差异无显著性(P>0.05).
实际汇率错位、汇率波动性及其对制造业出口贸易影响的实证分析：1978~1998年平行数据研究

本文利用制造业SITC3位数代码商品1978~1998年对不同国家出口的平行数据，采用似不相关估计方法对我国出口商品需求方程系统进行了估计。分析强调实际汇率风险、实际汇率错位对不同商品出口量的影响，其中汇率风险的回归系数随商品不同、国家不同而有所不同，汇率错位则在大多数分析中表现为对出口具有不利影响。由于伴随着人民币汇率水平与（或）汇率制度的变动，人民币汇率的错位水平与（或）波动性也将发生相应的变动，因此，本文对此变动的净影响进行了模拟，结果表明不同商品对不同国家的出口数量将受到不同的影响。
大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化丹参提取液的影响因素

目的考察大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化效果的影响因素,为在中药纯化研究中应用吸附纯化法、优化吸附纯化条件提供参考.方法以丹参水提液为样本,原儿茶醛为代表成分,研究树脂种类、提取液浓度、环境温度及吸附时间对吸附纯化效果的影响.结果树脂的种类、提取液的浓度、外环境的温度及吸附时间都会不同程度地影响吸附纯化的过程和结果.结论丹参水提液在中等极性的D613型大孔吸附树脂柱上,室温条件下,吸附5 h,可达到比较好的纯化效果.
绝对重力测量国际动态

国际上对绝对重力测量日益重视,在原先国际大地测量协会(ICAG)下设立绝对重力仪比对工作研究小组(SGCAG:Study Group on Comparisons of Absolute Gravimeters)的基础上,国际计量委员会(CIPM)也于2002年在其质量及其相关量咨询委员会(CCM)下设立了重力测定工作组(WGG:Working Group on Gravimetry).其中SGCAG主要负责组织每四年一次的国际重力仪比对,CCM-WGG主要负责组织区域性国际重力仪比对以及制定重力测定相关技术协议和标准规范.这两个小组的主席均是Dr.Leonid Vitushkin.SGCAG和CCM-WGG这两个工作组于2002年10月28日在卢森堡召开了第一次联席会议这次.会议做出了以下几个决定。
CT导向经皮肝刺活检在极富血供肝肿瘤中的应用

肝脏病变的影像检查方法较多,包括B超、CT、肝动脉造影、肝脏核素显影以及MRI等.常以B超为首选,CT为主要手段,而且CT能对肝脏大多数病变作出定位定量诊断,部分病变可以作出定性诊断,但有时它无法满足临床希望获得病理学诊断的要求,且部分病变的CT表现有重叠,不易鉴别,给诊断带来困难.B超及CT导向经皮肝脏穿刺活检是取得病理学诊断的有效方法.由于肝脏血管瘤及类血管瘤CT表现的肿瘤血供极其丰富,以往认为穿刺易出血,加之血管瘤的CT表现具有一定特异性,故以往学者多不主张,甚至禁忌穿刺活检.……
多层螺旋CT诊断多发肺动脉栓塞(附5例报告)

肺动脉栓塞是指内源性或外源性栓子栓塞肺动脉,引起肺循环障碍的综合征.常见于心脏病和长期卧床不起的骨折患者以及妊娠、肥胖或静脉曲张等情况,年老者尤易发生[1].近年来发病率有上升的趋势,多螺旋CT肺动脉造影(MSCTPA)是诊断肺动脉栓塞快速、有效、无创的诊断方法[2].……