mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effect of Source-Sink Manipulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf and the Remobilization of Dry Mass and Nitrogen in Vegetative Organs of Wheat

The photosynthetic characteristics of lfag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass (DM) and nitrogen (N) in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation (DF), spike shading (SS) and half spikelets removal (SR) were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate (P_n) of lfag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no signiifcant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the P_n of lfag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.
Effects of Long-Term Winter Planted Green Manure on Distribution and Storage of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Water-Stable Aggregates of Reddish Paddy Soil Under a Double-Rice Cropping System

In agricultural systems, maintenance of soil organic matter has long been recognized as a strategy to reduce soil degradation. Manure amendments and green manures are management practices that can increase some nutrient contents and improve soil aggregation. We investigated the effects of 28 yr of winter planted green manure on soil aggregate-size distribution and aggregateassociated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). The study was a randomized completed block design with three replicates. The treatments included rice-rice-fallow, rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass. The experiment was established in 1982 on a silty light clayey paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay (classified as Fe-Accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols) with continuous early and late rice. In 2009, soil samples were collected (0-15 cm depth) from the field treatment plots and separated into water-stable aggregates of different sizes (i.e., >5, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and <0.25 mm) by wet sieving. The long-term winter planted green manure significantly increased total C and N, and the formation of the 2-5-mm water-stable aggregate fraction. Compared with rice-rice-rape, rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch and rice-rice-ryegrass, the rice-rice-fallow significantly reduced 2-5-mm water-stable aggregates, with a significant redistribution of aggregates into micro-aggregates. Long-term winter planted green manure obviously improved C/N ratio and macro-aggregate-associated C and N. The highest contribution to soil fertility was from macro-aggregates of 2-5 mm in most cases.
Isolation, Identiifcation, and Herbicidal Activity of Metabolites Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CB-4

CB-4, a bacterial strain with highly effective herbicidal activity, was isolated from infected corn leaves. Through morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, CB-4 was identiifed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We conducted activity-evaluation experiments in the laboratory to assess the herbicidal potential of metabolites produced by strain CB-4. Crude extracts of strain CB-4 have high inhibition activity on Digitaria sanguinalis. In general, the root and shoot growth parameters of D. sanguinalis were signiifcantly reduced by metabolites of strain CB-4. The IC_(50) of the culture ifltrate extracts for the radicula and coleoptile of D. sanguinalis were 0.299 and 0.210 mg mL~(-1), respectively. Component 2 of the herbicidal activity of the crude toxin from strain CB-4 was successfully puriifed for the ifrst time by using high-speed counter current chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v) and high-performance liquid chromatography. We concluded that the metabolites of strain CB-4 have the potential to be developed as a microbe-based herbicide.
Arabidopsis Phytochrome D Is Involved in Red Light-Induced Negative Gravitropism of Hypocotyles

The phytochrome gene family, which is in Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of phytochromes A-E (phyA to phyE), regulates plant responses to ambient light environments. PhyA and phyB have been characterized in detail, but studies on phyC to phyE have reported discrepant functions. In this study, we show that phyD regulates the Arabidopsis gravitropic response by inhibiting negative gravitropism of hypocotyls under red light condition. PhyD had only a limited effect on the gravitropic response of roots in red light condition. PhyD also enhanced phyB-regulated gravitropic responses in hypocotyls. Moreover, the regulation of hypocotyl gravitropic responses by phyD was dependent upon the red light lfuence rate.
Influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability of dual phase steels

Uniaxial tension tests and hole-expansion tests were carried out to determine the influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and stretch-flangeability of conventional dual-phase steels. Compared to 0.03wt% silicon, the addition of 1.08wt% silicon induced the formation of finer ferrite grains (6.8 μm) and a higher carbon content of martensite (C_m ≈ 0.32wt%). As the silicon level increased, the initial strain-hardening rate (n value) and the uniform elongation increased, whereas the yield strength, yield ratio, and stretch-flangeability decreased. The microstructures were observed after hole-expansion tests. The results showed that low carbon content martensite (C_m ≈ 0.19wt%) can easily deform in coordination with ferrite. The relationship between the mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability indicated that the steel with large post-uniform elongation has good stretch-flangeability due to a closer plastic incompatibility of the ferrite and martensite phases, which can effectively delay the production and decohesion of microvoids.
Shifting balance from neurodegeneration to regeneration of the brain:a novel therapeutic approach to Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative conditions

Neurodegeneration is one of the biggest public health problems in modern society. Age-associated neurodegeneration, which is accelerated several-fold in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alone, is not only an enormous social and economic burden to the affected individuals and their families, but is also a great scientific challenge. Currently 25–35 million people worldwide suffer from AD, the single largest cause of dementia in middle- to old-aged individuals. These numbers are projected to triple by 2050 if no treatment to prevent or reverse AD is developed.
Optimal therapeutic dose and time window of picroside II in cerebral ischemic injury

A preliminary study from our research group showed that picroside II inhibited neuronal apoptosis in ischemic penumbra, reduced ischemic volume, and improved neurobehavioral function in rats with cerebral ischemia. The aim of the present study was to validate the neuroprotective effects of picroside II and optimize its therapeutic time window and dose in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. We found that picroside II inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced the expression of neuron-specific enolase, a marker of neuronal damage, in rats after cerebral ischemic injury. The optimal treatment time after ischemic injury and dose were determined, respectively, as follows: (1) 2.0 hours and 10 mg/kg according to the results of toluidine blue staining; (2) 1.5 hours and 10 mg/kg according to early apoptotic ratio by flow cytometry; (3) 2.0 hours and 10 mg/kg according to immunohistochemical and western blot analysis; and (4) 1.5 hours and 10 mg/kg according to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The present findings suggest that an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg picroside II 1.5–2.0 hours after cerebral ischemic injury in rats is the optimal dose and time for therapeutic benefit.
TOPSIS法在医疗服务阳光用药工程综合评价中的应用

为建立药品阳光采购和医院服务阳光用药制度,促进医疗机构合理用药,2012年2月浙江省在全省卫生系统全面实施“医疗服务阳光用药工程”（以下简称“阳光工程”）。医院阳光工程用药及相关信息每季度进行公示,各市、县卫生局同步执行。根据2011年第四季度及2012年全年4季度某三甲医院医疗服务阳光用药10项公示结果,运用TOPSIS法综合评价该医院实施阳光工程工作现状,为切实加强医疗机构合理用药,减轻患者医疗负担提供依据。
以神经系统症状首发的神经白塞氏病1例报告并文献复习

白塞氏病(Behcet's disease, BD)是一种原因不明,以口腔溃疡、生殖器溃疡和眼色素膜炎为主要临床表现,以细小血管炎为病理基础的疾病,可累及肺、肾、眼、血管、神经系统及胃肠道等多个系统。当白塞氏病引起神经系统受累时,则称为神经白塞氏病(Neuro-Behcet’ s disease, NBD),其临床表现多样,易误诊为脑炎、多发性硬化、结缔组织病等疾病,是白塞氏病的重症表现,也是本病致残及致死的主要原因之一[2]。现将我科收治的一例多次入院并最终诊断为神经白塞氏病病例报告如下。
浅析信息检索在种业发展中的应用

对全国种子生产管理和资料库建设等领域信息化的现状进行分析,根据目前种业信息检索的资源优势、人才优势和服务优势以及种业信息检索参与全国性种业信息服务,提出了种业信息检索发挥核心竞争力做好种业信息服务的对策,创建一个全国现代种子信息化智能信息检索服务平台,尤显迫切和重要。
贵州马铃薯中晚熟新品种比较试验

为筛选适合我省种植的优质、高产、抗病的马铃薯新品种,对10个引进中晚熟品种在铜仁市松桃县进行栽培比较试验。结果表明,滇黔芋6号等8个品种抗病性比较好,米拉、鄂薯8号、云薯201产量较高,生育期偏长,适宜在贵州省松桃县等类似生态环境区种植,下一年度可在我省不同生态环境区进行多点试验,以进一步筛选出适宜品种。
田间玉米温度测定方法初探

以12个玉米自交系为试验材料,利用冠层平行、冠层45°、穗位平行、穗位45° 4种方法分别测定其大喇叭口期、抽穗期和灌浆期的温度。结果表明: 冠层45°测定方法测定不同材料时温度最敏感,重复测定材料温度最稳定; 大喇叭口期测定材料温度最佳。
黄河三角洲野生草本药用植物种质资源及其利用研究

通过野外调查和文献查阅,对黄河三角洲常见草本药用植物种质资源进行了调查,结果表明,该地区常见野生草本药用植物共有64科176属262种,并从资源物种种类、科属构成、药用部位、药用功能等方面进行了统计分析。同时,根据本地区药用植物资源状况对今后合理开发、利用和保护药用植物资源提出了建议。
22个玉米自交系的主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传参数分析

利用10 × 12按不完全双列杂交设计(NCⅡ),对22个玉米自交系的株高、穗位高等10个农艺性状的一般配合力(GCA) 、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明: (1) 22个自交系中,11 HN 097、11 HN 099、11 HN 105、11 HN110的产量GCA 效应较高,是组配强优势杂交组合的优良自交系; 11 HN110 × 11 HN097、11 HN110 × 11 HN105、11 HN112 × 11 HN 097、11 HN 106 × 11 HN 104产量居前4位,这4个组合可进一步通过试验来鉴定其丰产性、适应性、稳产性; 10个性状的遗传以加性基因效应为主,受非加性基因的作用较小; 株高、穗位、穗行数、穗长、行粒数、百粒重、出籽率的狭义遗传率大于50%,其变异由遗传引起的比重较大,易在早代进行选择; 穗粗、秃尖和产量的狭义遗传率低,不宜在早代选择。
Protect You More Than Blank:Anti-Learning Sensitive User Information in the Social Networks

Social networks are getting more and more attention in recent years. People join social networks to share their information with others. However, due to the different cultures and backgrounds, people have different requirements on what kind of information should be published. Currently, when social network websites publish data, they just leave the information that a user feels sensitive blank. This is not enough due to the existence of the label-structure relationship. A group of analyzing algorithms can be used to learn the blank information with high accuracy. In this paper, we propose a personalized model to protect private information in social networks. Specifically, we break the label-structure association by slightly changing the edges in some users’ neighborhoods. More importantly, in order to increase the usability of the published graph, we also preserve the influence value of each user during the privacy protection. We verify the effectiveness of our methods through extensive experiments. The results show that the proposed methods can protect sensitive labels against learning algorithms and at the same time, preserve certain graph utilities.
Phylogenetic relationships in the Neotropical tribe Hamelieae (Rubiaceae, Cinchonoideae) and comments on its generic limits

Our molecular phylogenetic analyses shed some light on the evolutionary relationships within the Hamelieae tribe. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on Internal Transcribed Spacer and trnL-F sequence data revealed the presence of three distinct evolutionary lineages. The first clade includes Hamelia and Syringantha, the second clade includes Deppea s.l. (including Bellizinca, Csapodya, and Edithea), and the third clade includes Pinarophyllon, Deppeopsis, Hoffmannia, Pseudomiltemia, Plocaniophyllon, Omiltemia, and Renistipula. The phylogenetic analysis re-evaluated some taxonomical combinations. The transfer of Deppeopsis taxa from Deppea s.l. is supported, but however, the monophyly of the genus is not. The transfer of Renistipula from Rondeletieae is also highly supported. Both Csapodya and Edithea species form a well-defined group among Deppea s.l. with high posterior probabilities, allowing to reconsider the exclusion or integration of these taxa to Deppea.
Detecting molecular signatures of natural selection in Morus alba populations from trans-Himalaya

Genome scan was done with 439 dominant marker loci to identify outlier loci in three populations of Morus alba from the trans-Himalayan region. Employing finite and hierarchical island population genetic models, we detected 30 (6.85%) loci under selection, of which 3.64% were under directional selection and 3.19% under balancing selection. The hierarchical island model was efficient in detecting signatures of natural selection with low occurrence of false positives. Data showed significant spatial genetic structure (SGS), especially in population from Nubra valley with significantly high SGS. Bayesian approach revealed high genetic differentiation and inbreeding in Nubra population. Indus and Suru valleys populations showed comparatively low SGS, genetic differentiation, and inbreeding. The study showed that M. alba falls in the range of mixed mating and outcrossing species. However, the population of Nubra valley showed selfing with high SGS. Significant SGS strengthens the presence of natural selection in M. alba natural populations.
The evolutionary fate of Al-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) genes in allotetraploid Brassica napus

Although the regulatory and the functional aspects of proline accumulation in plant stress tolerance have been well-documented since it was discovered more than half a century ago, the evolution of proline metabolic genes in polyploidy species and their diploidy progenitors is not understood so far. Here, we have studied the retention and the expression regulation of Al-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) genes in allotetraploid, Brassica napus, in comparison with its diploids progenitors, B. rapa and B. oleracea under salt stress. Our results indicated that all six P5CS1 genes from two diploid progenitors were retained. Sequence analysis revealed that all Brassica P5CS1 genes had a highly conserved exon- intron structure, similar to P5CS1 in Arabidopsis. In addition, two homeologous genes with different origin, BnaA.P5CS1.a and BnaC.P5CS1.d exhibited biased expression in different organs in B. napus, implying possible sub-functionalization of P5CS1 in B. napus. All six P5CS1 genes were induced in response to salt stress in B. napus, which rendered gene dose advantage for the level of proline accumulation. These results indicate that in B. napus, P5CS1 gene loss has not occurred during polyploidization, which suggest conserved functionality and evolutionary benefit of proline accumulation for plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
Deep-ultraviolet surface plasmon resonance of Al and Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell)) nanosphere dimers for surface-enhanced spectroscopy

The localized surface plasmon resonance properties of Al and Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell) nanosphere dimers with Al and Al core nanosphere radii of 20 nm and Al_2O_3 shell of 2 nm in the deep-ultraviolet region have been studied using the finite difference time domain method. The extinction spectra and the electric field distribution profiles of the two dimers for various gap distances between two individual nanospheres are compared with those of the corresponding monomers to reveal the extent of plasmon coupling. It is found that with the interparticle distance decreasing, a strong plasmon coupling between two Al or Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell) nanospheres is observed accompanied by a significant red shift in the extinction spectra at the parallel polarization direction of the incident light related to the dimer axis, while for the case of the perpendicular polarization direction, a weak plasmon coupling arises characterized by a slight blue shift in the extinction spectra. The electric field distribution profiles show that benefiting from the dielectric Al_2O_(3shell), the gap distance of Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell) nanosphere dimers can be tailored to < 1 nm scale and results in a very high electric field enhancement. The estimated surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors suggests that the Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell) nanosphere dimers with the gap of < 1 nm gave rise to an enhancement as high as 8.1 × 10~7 for interparticle gap = 0.5 nm. Our studies reveal that the Al_(core)/Al_2O_(3shell) nanosphere dimers may be promising substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopy in the deep-ultraviolet region.
Direct growth of graphene on gallium nitride by using chemical vapor deposition without extra catalyst

Graphene on gallium nitride (GaN) will be quite useful when the graphene is used as transparent electrodes to improve the performance of gallium nitride devices. In this work, we report the direct synthesis of graphene on GaN without an extra catalyst by chemical vapor deposition. Raman spectra indicate that the graphene films are uniform and about 5-6 layers in thickness. Meanwhile, the effects of growth temperatures on the growth of graphene films are systematically studied, of which 950℃ is found to be the optimum growth temperature. The sheet resistance of the grown graphene is 41.1 ?/square, which is close to the lowest sheet resistance of transferred graphene reported. The mechanism of graphene growth on GaN is proposed and discussed in detail. XRD spectra and photoluminescence spectra indicate that the quality of GaN epi-layers will not be affected after the growth of graphene.
Thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Molecular dynamics simulations

Heat conduction in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been investigated by using various methods, while less work has been focused on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The thermal conductivities of the double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with two different temperature control methods are studied by using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. One case is that the heat baths (HBs) are imposed only on the outer wall, while the other is that the HBs are imposed on both the two walls. The results show that the ratio of the thermal conductivity of DWCNTs in the first case to that in the second case is inversely proportional to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the DWCNT to that of its outer wall. In order to interpret the results and explore the heat conduction mechanisms, the inter-wall thermal transport of DWCNTs is simulated. Analyses of the temperature profiles of a DWCNT and its two walls in the two cases and the inter-wall thermal resistance show that in the first case heat is almost transported only along the outer wall, while in the second case a DWCNT behaves like parallel heat transport channels in which heat is transported along each wall independently. This gives a good explanation of our results and presents the heat conduction mechanisms of MWCNTs.
Utilizing a shallow trench isolation parasitic transistor to characterize the total ionizing dose effect of partially-depleted silicon-on-insulator input/output n-MOSFETs

We investigate the effects of ~(60)Co γ -ray irradiation on the 130 nm partially-depleted silicon-on-isolator (PDSOI) input/output (I/O) n-MOSFETs. A shallow trench isolation (STI) parasitic transistor is responsible for the observed hump in the back-gate transfer characteristic curve. The STI parasitic transistor, in which the trench oxide acts as the gate oxide, is sensitive to the radiation, and it introduces a new way to characterize the total ionizing dose (TID) responses in the STI oxide. A radiation enhanced drain induced barrier lower (DIBL) effect is observed in the STI parasitic transistor. It is manifested as the drain bias dependence of the radiation-induced off-state leakage and the increase of the DIBL parameter in the STI parasitic transistor after irradiation. Increasing the doping concentration in the whole body region or just near the STI sidewall can increase the threshold voltage of the STI parasitic transistor, and further reduce the radiation-induced off-state leakage. Moreover, we find that the radiation-induced trapped charge in the buried oxide leads to an obvious front-gate threshold voltage shift through the coupling effect. The high doping concentration in the body can effectively suppress the radiation-induced coupling effect.
Effect of chitosan on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) accumulation, hydrolase activity, and morphological abnormalities of the viral particles in leaves of N. tabacum L. cv. Samsun

The effect of chitosan on the development of infection caused by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun has been studied. It was shown that the infectivity and viral coat protein content in leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV (2 pg/mL) and chitosan (1 mg/mL) were lower in the early period of infection (3 days after inoculation), by 63% and 66% respectively, than in leaves inoculated with TMV only. Treatment of leaves with chitosan 24 h before inoculation with TMV also caused the antiviral effects, but these were less apparent than when the virus and polysaccharide were applied simultaneously. The inhibitory effects of the agent decreased as the infection progressed. Inoculation of leaves with TMV together with chitosan considerably enhanced the activity of hydrolases (proteases, RNases) in the leaves, in comparison with leaves inoculated with TMV alone. Electron microscope assays of phosphotungstic acid (PTA)-stained suspensions from infected tobacco leaves showed that, in addition to the normal TMV particles (18 nm in diameter, 300 nm long), these suspensions contained abnormal (swollen, "thin" and "short") virions. The highest number of abnormal virions was found in suspensions from leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV and chitosan. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that "thin" virus particles, in contrast to the particles of normal diameter, lost the ability to bind to specific antiserum. It seems that the chitosan-induced activation of hydrolases stimulates the intracellular degradation of TMV particles and hence hydrolase activation may be considered to be one of the polysaccharide-mediated cellular defense mechanisms that limit virus accumulation in cells.
A panel of monoclonal antibodies against the prion protein proves that there is no prion protein in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells

Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that are fatal. The study of these unique diseases in China is hampered by a lack of resources. Amongst the most important resources for biological study are monoclonal antibodies. Here, we characterize a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for cellular prion protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. We identify several antibodies that can be used for specific applications and we demonstrate that there is no prion protein expression in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (HPDC).