mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Additional Dose of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Further Reduces Hidden Blood Loss

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most frequently performed procedure in treating advanced knee osteoarthritis. Excessive perioperative blood loss can sometimes lead to postoperative anemia. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a potent fibrinolysis inhibitor which has been extensively used at the surgical incision and closure to lower overall blood loss in adult reconstruction surgery. Our previous study suggested that about two-thirds of the total blood loss (TBL) came from hidden blood loss (HBL) on postoperative days 1 and 2. The role of reducing HBL with TXA administration in postoperative TKA patients is unknown. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of supplemental intravenous (IV) TXA in further reducing HBL after primary TKA. Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted at a single institution on 43 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral TKA from September 2014 to February 2015. All patients were given 1 g of IV TXA 10-15 min before operation and another 1 g of IV TXA at the time of wound closure on the day of surgery. On postoperative days 1 and 2, the supplemental group (n = 21) was given additional 1 g of TXA intravenously twice a day, whereas the control group (n = 22) received an equal volume of saline. Drain output, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) were recorded preoperatively and 5 consecutive days postoperatively in both groups. HBL was calculated with the Gross formula. Pre- and post-operative lower extremity Doppler venous ultrasound was performed in all patients to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The indexes were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, whereas the results of Hb and HCT were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The difference was considered statistically significant if P < 0.05. Results: The demographics and surgical characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Supplemental group had higher Hb level on postoperative days 1-5 compared to the control; however, the difference was not significant (F = 2.732,P=0.106). The HCT of the supplemental group was significantly higher than that of the control group on postoperative day 5 (F= 5.254, P = 0.027). No significant difference was found in drainage volume and TBL, but the HBL was reduced in the supplemental group (supplemental 133.1 [71.8,287.3] ml and control 296.0 [185.3,421.4] ml, Z= 2.478, P = 0.013, median [interquartile range]). There was one DVT in the control group and none in the supplemental group. All patients were followed at 1 year after surgery, and no further complications were reported. Conclusion: Based on the current study, additional doses of IV TXA could potentially further reduce HBL after primary TKA without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Characterization of mean stem density, fibre length and lignin from two Acacia species and their hybrid

The objective of this study was to compare the wood properties related to wood pulp quality of two widely planted Acacia species viz. Acacia mangium Willd. and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth. and their hybrid. Acid insoluble lignin content (Klason),mean stem density and fibre length differed considerably among the species and hybrids. A. mangium possessed a high percent of lignin content compared to A. auriculiformis and the Acacia hybrid. However, mean stem density of A. auriculiformis was higher than A. mangium and the hybrid. Fibre length of heartwood tissues was generally shorter than that of sap-wood tissues. The hybrid had longer fibres than the parent species. Lignin was negatively correlated with mean stem density. Generally,the wood properties of the hybrid were superior to its parent species. The significant intraspecific variation observed for wood properties of Acacia species could be used in breeding superior hybrids combining desirable traits of the two species. Considering the difficulty involved in accurately measuring the lignin content compared to mean stem density,selection for plants with low lignin content can be achieved by indirect selection of high mean stem density.
Nutrient changes in potting mix and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under macadamia biochar amendments

The effect of macadamia nut shell biochar on nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus, magnesium,calcium and sodium concentrations in potting mix used to grow Eucalyptus nitens seedlings was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The treatments combined two fertiliser rates (50 and 100% rate of the commercial mix commonly used in forestry nurseries) with eight biochar rates (0,2,5,10, 20,50,80 and 100 t ha~(-1)) arranged in a randomised complete block with three replicates of four sample plants. Nutrients were quantified in the potting mix and seedling leaves at four destructive harvests 135,177,219 and 269 days after planting. Biochar significantly increased nitrate-N,Colwell P,Colwell K and exchangeable Na and reduced ammonium-N, Mg and Ca concentrations in the potting mix. Seedling leaf concentrations of P,K and Na were increased by biochar application, while N remained dependent on fertiliser rate only. Mg and Ca leaf concentrations decreased in response to increasing biochar rates. Elevated nitrate-N and decreased ammonium-N concentrations suggest that biochar might have increased nitrification in the potting mix. We presumed that biochar mediated processes that reduced uptake of P and K when high doses of biochar were combined with full fertilisation. Changes in potting mix K,Na,Mg and Ca were consistent with selective adsorption of ions to biochar surfaces.:
When water meets iron at Earth's core-mantle boundary

Hydrous minerals in subducted crust can transport large amounts of water into Earth's deep mantle. Our laboratory experiments revealed the surprising pressure-induced chemistry that, when water meets iron at the core-mantle boundary, they react to form an interlayer with an extremely oxygen-rich form of iron, iron dioxide, together with iron hydride. Hydrogen in the layer will escape upon further heating and rise to the crust, sustaining the water cycle. With water supplied by the subducting slabs meeting the nearly inexhaustible iron source in the core, an oxygen-rich layer would cumulate and thicken, leading to major global consequences in our planet. The seismic signature of the D" layer may echo the chemical complexity of this layer. Over the course of geological time, the enormous oxygen reservoir accumulating between the mantle and core may have eventually reached a critical eruption point. Very large-scale oxygen eruptions could possibly cause major activities in the mantle convection and leave evidence such as the rifting of supercontinents and the Great Oxidation Event.
Why China needs data sharing to address its air-quality challenge

In the fight against air pollution, sharing data within China and forming scientists' consensus on data-driven policy recommendations are at least as important as data collection. The scale of data publicly available can have dramatic implications for the insights possible: a series of research studies in limited data contexts can lead to the wrong conclusions if the contexts do not encompass the broader picture or if they are not connected. Despite the clear benefits of data sharing, there are systemic hurdles in China: in the past, collection of air-pollution data was fraught with distortion. Further, promotion and tenure requirements disin-centivize data sharing essential to informative results. Finally, overcoming the data-sharing and collaboration problem is not enough. As demonstrated by the California Air Resources Board and in air-quality management in Houston, scientists must then come together around that shared data to inform the policymaking process.
Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality

Air quality is concerned with pollutants in both the gas phase and solid or liquid phases. The latter are referred to as aerosols, which are multifaceted agents affecting air quality, weather and climate through many mechanisms. Unlike gas pollutants, aerosols interact strongly with meteorological variables with the strongest interactions taking place in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The PBL hosting the bulk of aerosols in the lower atmosphere is affected by aerosol radiative effects. Both aerosol scattering and absorption reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground and thus reduce the sensible heat fluxes that drive the diurnal evolution of the PBL. Moreover, aerosols can increase atmospheric stability by inducing a temperature inversion as a result of both scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which suppresses dispersion of pollutants and leads to further increases in aerosol concentration in the lower PBL. Such positive feedback is especially strong during severe pollution events. Knowledge of the PBL is thus crucial for understanding the interactions between air pollution and meteorology. A key question is how the diurnal evolution of the PBL interacts with aerosols, especially in vertical directions, and affects air quality. We review the major advances in aerosol measurements, PBL processes and their interactions with each other through complex feedback mechanisms, and highlight the priorities for future studies.
Transmission loss simulation based on rectangular-pulse method and experimental evaluation of acoustic performance of perforated intake pipe

Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 dB(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 dB(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.
Functional membrane separators for next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries

The membrane separator is a key component in a liquid-electrolyte battery for electrically separating the cathode and the anode, meanwhile ensuring ionic transport between them. Besides these basic requirements, endowing the separator with specific beneficial functions is now being paid great attention because it provides an important alternative approach for the development of batteries, particularly next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries. Herein, functional separators are overviewed based on four key criteria of next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries: stable, safe, smart and sustainable (4S). That is, the applied membrane materials and the corresponding functioning mechanisms of the 4S separators are reviewed. Functional separators with selective permeability have been applied to retard unwanted migration of the specific species (e.g. polysulfide anions in Li-S batteries) from one electrode to the other in order to achieve stable cycling operation. The covered battery types are Li-S, room-temperature Na-S, Li-organic, organic redox-flow (RF) and Li-air batteries. Safe, smart and sustainable separators are then described in sequence following the first criterion of stable cycling. In the final section, key challenges and potential opportunities in the development of 4S separators are discussed.
New insights into the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in China: potential applications of dual-carbon isotopes

Carbonaceous aerosols account for 20-50% of total fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5), particles with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less) mass concentration in polluted urban atmospheres and can affect atmospheric chemistry; air quality, environmental health and Earth's radiation balance [1]. Bulk carbonaceous aerosol is usually divided into subfractions such as organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) [1]. OC is either directly emitted into the atmosphere as primary OC (POC) or formed via gas-to-particle conversion as secondary OC (SOC) [1]. EC arises almost exclusively from incomplete fossil-fuel combustion or biomass burning [1]. Recent studies have revealed that, in addition to secondary inorganic aerosol [e.g. (NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3 and NH4HSO_4], secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important, or sometimes even the dominant, contributor to PM2.5 during severe haze episodes in China [2].
Evaluation of spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ore heap based on nonlinear parameters

To explore a new evaluation method for spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap, ore samples from a pyrite mine in China were taken as experimental materials, and the temperature variations of the measuring points of simulated ore heap were measured. Combined with wavelet transform and nonlinear parameters extraction, a new method for spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap based on nonlinear parameters was proposed and its reliability was verified by field test. The results indicate that temperature field evolution of the simulated ore heap presents significant spatial difference during self-heating process. Area with the maximum increasing extent of temperature in sulfide ore heap changes notably with the proceeding of self-heating reaction. Self-heating of sulfide ore heap is a chaotic evolution process, which means that it is feasible to evaluate spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas by nonlinear analysis method. There is a relatively strong correlation between the maximum Lyapunov exponent and spontaneous combustion tendency with the correlation coefficient of 0.9792. Furthermore, the sort of the maximum Lyapunov exponent is consistent with that of spontaneous combustion tendency. Therefore, spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap can be evaluated by means of the maximum Lyapunov exponent method.
Near ground wind characteristics during typhoon Meari: Turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peak factors

Wind data were collected during the 2011 typhoon Meari at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 m above the ground using a 40 m high anemometer tower in the coastal area near Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Wind speeds and directions, turbulence intensities, gust factors, and peaks were analyzed using the time records of wind speed. The results show that turbulence intensity components in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions decrease with mean wind speed, regardless of elevations, and the turbulence intensities are in a linear relationship with mean wind speeds. The ratios of three turbulence intensity components (i.e. I_u, I_v, I_w) at heights of 10, 20 and 40 m were calculated and equal to be 1:0.88:0.50, 1:0.84:0.57, and 1:0.9:0.49, respectively. In addition, the gust factors in three directions exhibit a reduction with increasing mean wind speed. The peak factors at different heights show a similar trend and slightly decrease with mean wind speed; average peak factors for all 10-min data from Typhoon Meari are 2.43, 2.48, and 2.47, respectively.
Rock burst prediction based on genetic algorithms and extreme learning machine

Rock burst is a kind of geological disaster in rock excavation of high stress areas. To evaluate intensity of rock burst, the maximum shear stress, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and rock elastic energy index were selected as input factors, and burst pit depth as output factor. The rock burst prediction model was proposed according to the genetic algorithms and extreme learning machine. The effect of structural surface was taken into consideration. Based on the engineering examples of tunnels, the observed and collected data were divided into the training set, validation set and prediction set. The training set and validation set were used to train and optimize the model. Parameter optimization results are presented. The hidden layer node was 450, and the fitness of the predictions was 0.0197 under the optimal combination of the input weight and offset vector. Then, the optimized model is tested with the prediction set. Results show that the proposed model is effective. The maximum relative error is 4.71%, and the average relative error is 3.20%, which proves that the model has practical value in the relative engineering.
Measurement and numerical analysis of influence of key stratum breakage on mine pressure in top-coal caving face with super great mining height

To analyze the influence of movement in shallow-buried working faces with large mining heights on mine pressure manifestation, the key stratum at a working face was categorised using the 1313 top-coal caving face with super great mining height under cover as a case study. The research combined theoretical analysis, field measurement, and numerical simulation to analyze the influencing mechanism of key stratum. Moreover, the research results were verified by numerical simulation and indicate that the sub-key stratum is prone to be broken to form a “cantilever beam” structure rather than a stable hinged structure during the excavation of working faces with super great mining heights. When the “cantilever beam” structure is unstable, a low pressure will occur on the working face, and the overlying strata will subside simultaneously with the sub-key stratum to induce the breakage of the primary key stratum: the breakage will further trigger the periodic breakage of sub-key stratum, causing a greater load on the working face. Finally, steps, and strength of weighting in the working face vary to be great or small alternatively. This is the main reason explaining why the 1313 working face shows strong mine pressure manifestation. The results provide theoretical and practical experience for forecasting and controlling mine pressure manifestation.
Multi-objective planning model for simultaneous reconfiguration of power distribution network and allocation of renewable energy resources and capacitors with considering uncertainties

This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system’s accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology’s usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.
Forming condition of transient saturated zone and its distribution in residual slope under rainfall conditions

Rainfall, as one of the most significant factors triggering the residual soil slope failure, leads to not only the reduction of soil shear strength, but also the increase of soil weight and the decrease of matric suction as well. All these modifications in soil properties have important influence on the slope stability. The water infiltration and redistribution inside the slope are the preconditions of the slope stability under rainfall conditions. Based on the numerical simulation via finite element method, the water infiltration process under rainfall conditions was studied in the present work. The emphases are the formation, distribution and dissipation of transient saturated zone. As for the calculation parameters, the SWCC and the saturated permeability have been determined by pressure plate test and variable head test respectively. The entire process (formation, development, dissipation) of the transient saturated zone was studied in detail. The variations of volumetric water content, matric suction and hydraulic gradient inside the slope, and the eventually raise of groundwater table were characterized and discussed, too. The results show that the major cause of the formation of transient saturated zone is ascribed to the fact that the exudation velocity of rainwater on the wetting front is less than the infiltration velocity of rainfall; as a result, the water content of the soil increases. On the other hand, the formation and extension of transient saturated zone have a close relationship with rainfall intensity and duration. The results can help the geotechnical engineers for the deeper understanding of the failure of residual slope under rainfall condition. It is also suggested that the proper drainage system in the slope may be the cost-effective slope failure mitigation method.
Inhibition mechanism between sodium (Na_3AlF_6) and sulfur on coke reactivity

Inhibition mechanism between sodium (Na_3AlF_6) and sulfur on coke reactivity was investigated by simulating petroleum coke with low-impurity pitch coke and by impurity doping. The mechanism was discussed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction. Results show that Na effectively inhibited S catalysis during carbon–air/CO_2 reactions, and S inhibited the catalysis of Na during carbon– air reaction to a certain extent. A stable structure with a Na-to-S atomic ratio of 1.4 and a cyclic reaction system of “Na_2SO_3→ Na_2S→ Na_2CO_3→ Na_2SO_3” were likely the keys to producing this mutual inhibition.