mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Modulating reaction pathways of formic acid oxidation for optimized electrocatalytic performance of PtAu/CoNC

Formic acid oxidation (FAO) is a typical anode reaction in fuel cells that can be facilitated by modulating its direct and indirect reaction pathways. Herein, PtAu bimetallic nanoparticles loaded onto Co and N co-doping carbon nanoframes (CoNC NFs) were designed to improve the selectivity of the direct reaction pathway for efficient FAO. Based on these subtle nanomaterials, the influences of elemental composition and carbon-support materials on the two pathways of FAO were investigated in detail. The results of fuel cell tests verified that the appropriate amount of Au in PtAu/CoNC can promote a direct reaction pathway for FAO, which is crucial for enhancing the oxidation efficiency of formic acid. In particular, the obtained PtAu/CoNC with an optimal Pt/Au atomic ratio of 1:1 (PtAu/CoNC-3) manifests the best catalytic performance among the analogous obtained Pt-based electrocatalysts. The FAO mass activity of the PtAu/CoNC-3 sample reached 0.88 A·mgPt~(-1), which is 26.0 times higher than that of Pt/C. The results of first-principles calculation and CO stripping jointly demonstrate that the CO adsorption of PtAu/CoNC is considerably lower than that of Pt/CoNC and PtAu/C, which indicates that the synergistic effect of Pt, Au, and CoNC NFs is critical for the resistance of Pt to CO poisoning. This work is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the oxidation mechanism of formic acid and provides a feasible and promising strategy for enhancing the catalytic performance of the catalyst by improving the direct reaction pathway for FAO.
Suitable lithium polysulfides diffusion and adsorption on CNTs@TiO_2-bronze nanosheets surface for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) has been hampered their commercialization. Metal oxides as separator modifications can suppress the shuttle effect. Since there is no direct electron transport between metal oxides and LiPSs, absorbed LiPSs should be diffused from the surface of metal oxides to the carbon matrix to go through redox reactions. If diffusivity of LiPSs from metal oxides surface to carbon substrate is poor, it would hinder the redox reactions of LiPSs. Nevertheless, researchers tend to focus on the adsorption and overlook the diffusion of LiPSs. Herein, same morphology and different crystal phase of TiO_2 nanosheets grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs@TiO_2-bronze and CNTs@TiO_2-anatase) have been designed via a simple approach. Compared with CNTs and CNTs@TiO_2-anatase composites, the battery with CNTs@TiO_2-bronze modified separator delivers higher specific capacities and stronger cycling stability, especially at high current rates (~ 472 mAh·g~(-1) at 2.0 C after 1,000 cycles). Adsorption tests, density functional theory calculations and electrochemical performance evaluations indicate that suitable diffusion and adsorption for LiPSs on the CNTs@TiO_2-B surface can effectively capture LiPSs and promote the redox reaction, leading to the superior cycling performances.
Chemical-Abrasion U-Pb zircon geochronology reveals 150 Myr of partial melting events in the Archean crust of the Sao Francisco Craton

Field observations and CA-LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions obtained from migmatitic orthogneisses and granitoids from the Belo Horizonte Complex,southern Sao Francisco Craton,indicate a major period of partial melting and production of felsic rocks in the Neoarchean.Our observations show that the complex is an important site for studying partial melting processes of Archean crystalline crust.Much of the complex exposes fine-grained stromatic migmatites that are intruded by multiple leucogranitic veins and sheeted dikes.Both migmatites and leucogranite sheets are crosscut by several phases of granitoid batholiths and small granitic bodies;both of which are closely associated with the host banded gneisses.Chemical abrasion followed by detailed cathodoluminescence imaging revealed a wide variety of zircon textures that are consistent with a long-lived period of partial melting and crustal remobilization.Results of U-Pb and Hf isotopes disclose the complex as part of a much wider crustal segment,encompassing the entire southern part of the Sao Francisco Craton.Compilation of available U-Pb ages suggests that this crustal segment was consolidated sometime between 3000 Ma and 2900 Ma and that it experienced three main episodes of partial melting before stabilization at 2600 Ma.The partial melting episodes took place between 2750 Ma and 2600 Ma as a result of tectonic accretion and peeling off the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.This process is likely responsible for the emplacement of voluminous potassic granitoids across the entire Sao Francisco Craton.We believe that the partial melting of Meso-Archean crystalline crust and production of potassic granitoids are linked to a fundamental shift in the tectonics of the craton,which was also responsible for the widespread intrusion of large syenitic bodies in the northern part of the craton,and the construction of layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions to the south of the BHC.
Effect of geomorphologic features and climate change on vegetation distribution in the arid hot valleys of Jinsha River, Southwest China

Rapid change of climate in vertical and considerable geomorphologic features form a typical diversity and distribution of biota in mountain ecosystems, i.e., the subalpine forest zone (SFZ), the valley savanna zone (VSZ), and the transition zone between them. The arid hot valley in the middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River, China represents a well target area to study distribution and the driving factors in these typical mountain ecosystems. Therefore, this study selects four sub-sample areas in the arid-hot valley to explore the distinctive changes of vegetation during 1990 to 2020, and their driving factors in the three different vegetation zones on spatiotemporal scales. On the spatial scale, the Moran's index was applied to identify the transition zone between the SFZ and the VSZ. Results show that the VSZ at low altitudes (less than 600-1000 m from the valley bottom) is mainly affected by geomorphologic features, especially the slope aspect. With increase in altitude, the climate factors (e.g., humidity, temperature, etc.) play a more significant role in the development of the SFZ, while the effect of geomorphologic features gradually weakens. On the time scale, The SFZ at higher altitudes experienced more rapid changes in temperature (temperature increase of 1.41°C over the last 60 years) than the VSZ at lower altitudes (temperature increase of 0.172°C over the past 60 years). It caused the forest cover increase faster than that of savanna grassland. Humidity and heat conditions are altered by topography and climate conditions, which shapes the development and physiology of plants as they adapt to the different climatic zones. Furthermore, according to the driving factors (geomorphologic and climate factors) of vegetation distribution found in this study, it suggests that suitable tree species should be planted in the transition zone to evolve into the forest zone and making the forest zone to recover from high to low altitudes gradually.
Surrogacy of bird species in systematic conservation planning and conservation assessments in Yunnan Province, China

Bird diversity is often used as surrogates for other species diversity, but there is a limited understanding of the extent of this surrogate in identifying representative priority conservation areas (PCAs). We used Yunnan Province in China as a case to measure the surrogacy of birds in systematic conservation planning. Here, we collected distribution records of mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds from public databases and literature, and applied systematic conservation planning methods to identify PCAs. We targeted four taxonomic groups at conservation targets of 17%, 31%, and 50% of the total study area, and used the Jaccard similarity index to evaluate the surrogate extent of bird PCAs for the other three groups. Then, we overlapped different portfolios of PCAs with six categories of protected areas (PAs) in Yunnan, calculated the protection rates, and evaluated the effect of sustainable-use PAs on improving the protection rate of strict Nature Reserves. The results showed that bird PCAs generally had the highest surrogacy for representing PCAs of the other three taxa. At the 50% conservation target, the Jaccard indices between birds and the other taxa reached about 0.50. Moreover, amphibian PCAs had a good surrogacy for conserving reptiles, with a Jaccard index of 0.30, 0.44 and 0.51 at the 17%, 31% and 50% conservation targets, respectively. The existing PA system had quite low coverages for PCAs of these four taxa, and the average protection rates were 22.97%, 19.78% and 16.52% at the three levels of conservation targets, respectively. The sustainable-use PAs can greatly complement the strict Nature Reserves by achieving average increased PA coverages of 10.00%, 9.20% and 7.90% at the three conservation targets. Our findings provide a basis for surrogate-based conservation planning for areas with insufficient biodiversity information.
The Derivation of Nutrient Criteria for the Adjacent Waters of Yellow River Estuary in China

Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin are becoming part of the national strategy in recent years. The Yellow River Estuary has been seriously affected by human activities. Especially, it has been severely polluted by the nitrogen and phosphorus from land sources, which have caused serious eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Nutrient criteria, however, was not developed for the Yellow River Estuary, which hindered nutrient management measures and eutrophication risk assessment in this key ecological function zone of China. Based on field data during 2004 - 2019, we adopted the frequency distribution method, correlation analysis, Linear Regression Model (LRM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Nonparametric Changepoint Analysis (nCPA) methods to establish the nutrient criteria for the adjacent waters of Yellow River Estuary. The water quality criteria of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) are recommended as 244.0 μgL~(-1) and 22.4 μgL~(-1), respectively. It is hoped that the results will provide scientific basis for the formulation of nutrient standards in this important estuary of China.
Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of reduced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols, potentially affecting climate. The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a (CHL) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) for the recent years (2011 - 2019) in the Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMS) (25° - 40°N, 120° - 130°E) are studied. The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient. Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons. Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10% over the 9-year study period, while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime. A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015, a year when field data was available. Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L~(-1) with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L~(-1). DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00 μmol m~(-2)d~(-1) with mean of 3.80 μmol m~(-2)d~(-1). Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region, with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region. Our results suggest a possible influence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere, especially along the western coastline of ECMS.
Transcriptome Analysis of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Under Prolonged High-Salinity Stress

The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a marine species commonly farmed worldwide. In northern China, it has been increasingly cultured in high-salinity waters (> 40), but exhibits poor growth performance. In this study, postlarval shrimps were acclimated to salinity 55, cultivated for 3 months at this salinity, and compared with a control group reared at general salinity 25. Subsequently, high-throughput RNA sequencing was applied to compare the transcriptomic responses in the gills and hepatopancreas of the shrimps in the control group and the treatment group, while the weights of the shrimps in these two groups were significantly different. The results revealed that 11834 and 2115 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the gills and hepatopancreas, respectively. Additionally, enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that osmoregulation- associated Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways were similar between the two subgroups of the shrimp maintained at high salinity, suggesting that the growth rate of shrimp at high salinity is independent of osmoregulation. Furthermore, examination of the shrimp with different growth rates (i.e., weights) at high salinity revealed molt-associated processes, namely, increased expression of ecdysone response genes and downstream effector genes in the gills and hepatopancreas of slow-growing shrimp, suggesting a role of the molt-associated processes in the regulation of shrimp growth at high salinity. Thus, we not only report adaptive transcriptomic responses of L. vannamei to prolonged high-salinity stress, but also provide new insights into the shrimp growth regulation at high salinity.
A Spatiotemporal Interactive Processing Bias Correction Method for Operational Ocean Wave Forecasts

Numerical models and correct predictions are important for marine forecasting, but the forecasting results are often unable to satisfy the requirements of operational wave forecasting. Because bias between the predictions of numerical models and the actual sea state has been observed, predictions can only be released after correction by forecasters. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal interactive processing bias correction method to correct numerical prediction fields applied to the production and release of operational ocean wave forecasting products. The proposed method combines the advantages of numerical models and Forecast Discussion; specifically, it integrates subjective and objective information to achieve interactive spatiotemporal corrections for numerical prediction. The method corrects the single-time numerical prediction field in space by spatial interpolation and sub-zone numerical analyses using numerical model grid data in combination with real-time observations and the artificial judgment of forecasters to achieve numerical prediction accuracy. The difference between the original numerical prediction field and the spatial correction field is interpolated to an adjacent time series by successive correction analysis, thereby achieving highly efficient correction for multitime forecasting fields. In this paper, the significant wave height forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts are used as background field for forecasting correction and analysis. Results indicate that the proposed method has good application potential for the bias correction of numerical predictions under different sea states. The method takes into account spatial correlations for the numerical prediction field and the time series development of the numerical model to correct numerical predictions efficiently.
Investigation on synergistic deposition of wax and hydrates in waxy water-in-oil (W/O)flow systems

Elucidating the synergistic effect of wax and hydrates, involving formation, aggregation and deposition,is imperative to the operation and transportation safety for offshore petroleum fields. To understand the characteristics and mechanism of synergistic deposition of wax and hydrates, flow and deposition experiments of systems with different wax contents (0-2.89 wt%), initial flow rates, pressures and temperatures were conducted in a high pressure visual flow loop. According to the flow rate and pressure drop data as well as the visual window observation, four different types of plugging scenarios of waxhydrate coexisting systems with different flow properties and wall deposition state were summarized,including rapid plugging, transition plugging, gradual plugging type I and gradual plugging type II. Compared with the wax-free system after hydrate formation, even with the addition of anti-agglomerant (AA)with the same concentration, wax-hydrate coexisting systems could not reach stable hydrate slurry flow state, indicating that the existence of wax deteriorated the performance of AA. Aside from the influence of wax crystals on hydrate agglomeration, it was found that wax deposition layer would alter the adhesion and bedding of hydrates, resulting in the variation of flow properties and wall deposition state. For low wax content systems (0.75 wt%)where rapid plugging occurred, the synergistic effect between wax and hydrates promoted the formation of wax-hydrate coupling aggregates, resulting in severe local deposition when the coupling aggregates attained critical deposition size and consequently decreasing flow rate, forming a vicious circle of decreasing transportability. Since bedding of coupling aggregates was hindered by the uniformly coated wax deposition layer on pipe wall, gradual plugging rather than rapid plugging occurred in medium wax content systems (1-1.25 wt%), predominately caused by the gradual increment in viscosity of waxy hydrate slurry. For relatively high wax content systems (2.89 wt %), hydrate formation and plugging did not occur, due to the insulation effect of wax deposition layer. A physical model for the synergistic deposition of wax and hydrates was also presented, which was meaningful to the development of a mathematical model for the prediction of blockage formation and risk analysis.
An odyssey of lithium metal anode in liquid lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries exhibit outstanding energy density and material sustainability.Enormous effects have been devoted to the sulfur cathode to address redox kinetics and polysulfide intermediates shuttle.Recent attentions are gradually turning to the protection of the lithium metal anodes,since electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries are closely linked to the working efficiency of the anode side,especially in pouch cells that adopt stringent test protocols.This Perspective article summarizes critical issues encountered in the lithium metal anode,and outlines possible solutions to achieve efficient working lithium anode in Li-S batteries.The lithium metal anode in Li-S batteries shares the common failure mechanisms of volume fluctuation,nonuniform lithium flux,electrolyte corrosion and lithium pulverization occurring in lithium metal batteries with oxide cathodes,and also experiences unique polysulfide corrosion and massive lithium accumulation.These issues can be partially addressed by developing three-dimensional scaffold,exerting quasi-solid reaction,tailoring native solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and designing artificial SEI.The practical evaluation of Li-S batteries highlights the importance of pouch cell platform,which is distinguished from coin-type cells in terms of lean electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio,thin lithium foil,as well as sizable total capacity and current that are loaded on pouch cells.This Perspective underlines the development of practically efficient working lithium metal anode in Li-S batteries.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanomaterials for the sensing in biological systems

The applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are coming to be one of the simplest and most accessible strategy with super-resolved optical measurements.Meanwhile,nanomaterials have become ideal for constructing FRET-based system,due to their unique advantages of tunable emission,broad absorption,and long fluorescence (FL) lifetime.The limitations of traditional FRET-based detections,such as the intrinsic FL,auto-FL,as well as the short FL lifetime,could be overcome with nanomaterials.Consequently,numbers of FRET-based nanomaterials have been constructed for precise,sensitive and selective detections in biological systems.They could act as both energy donors and/or acceptors in the optical energy transfer process for biological detections.Some other nanomaterials would not participate in the energy transfer process,but act as the excellent matrix for modifications.The review will be roughly classified into nanomaterial-involved and uninvolved ones.Different detection targets,such as nucleic acids,pathogenic microorganisms,proteins,heavy metal ions,and other applications will be reviewed.Finally,the other biological applications,including environmental evaluation and mechanism studies would also be summarized.
S-scheme CoTiO_3 /Cd_(9.51) Zn_(0.49) S_(10) heterostructures for visible-light driven photocatalytic CO_2 reduction

Cd_(1-x)Zn_x S solid solutions with strong light absorption are promising materials for solar-driven CO_2 reduction; however, their relatively weak redox ability and intrinsic photo-corrosion limit their further development as a photocatalyst. The addition of a second photocatalyst with a suitable band structure to construct a S-scheme photocatalytic system can solve both problems simultaneously. Here, we report a S-scheme photocatalyst based on the heterostructure of CoTiO_3 /Cd_(9.51) Zn_(0.49)S_(10)(abbreviated as CoTiO_3 /CdZnS) that enables the efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO_2. Detailed physicochemical characterization resolves the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism in this composite photocatalyst. With the well-designed structure of particles and desirable band offsets, this hybrid system offers visible light absorption in a broad spectral region, large surface area, strong redox ability, and fast carrier separation and transportation. Under visible-light illumination, the CoTiO_3 /CdZnS hybrid system displays a CO formation rate of about 11 mmol h~(-1) g~(-1) combined with a long-term operational stability. Besides, a high apparent quantum efficiency(AQE) of 7.27% is realized for the CO_2 -to-CO reduction reaction by the optimized CoTiO_3 /CdZnS hybrid under 420 nm monochromatic light irradiation.
SOX2基因新发变异致综合征型小眼畸形3型合并生长激素缺乏症1例病例报告

综上所述,MCOPS3与SOX2基因相关,表现为多系统受累,以眼部改变为主要临床表现,同时应警惕出现眼外症状。目前尚无特效治疗,以对症治疗为主,需眼科、康复科、内分泌遗传代谢科、泌尿外科等多学科综合管理。对于MCOPS3患儿,如发现身材矮小,应尽早评估垂体功能,完善生长激素激发试验。对于MCOPS3合并GHD患儿应用生长激素治疗的效果和安全性,仍有待进一步探讨。
虚拟现实技术在心肺复苏培训教学中应用效果的Meta分析

院外心脏骤停(out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, OHCA)是一个全世界范围内重大的公共卫生问题,中国每年死于心脏骤停的患者也高达54.4万人。根据世界卫生组织和国际复苏联络委员会的科学声明,对12岁及以上的公众实施心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR)培训是提高OHCA患者生存率和有效改善预后的重要措施之一。随着培训设备的进步和教学形式的多元化,2020年美国心脏协会(American Heart Association, AHA)相关指南和2018年中国心肺复苏培训专家共识也都建议将虚拟现实(virtual reality, VR)技术应用于CPR的培训教学中,以革新培训手段和提高教学质量。目前,国内外学者逐渐探索和尝试在CPR的培训和教学中使用VR技术,然而,基于VR进行CPR培训教学的效果是否优于传统培训方法目前仍存在争议,且国内关于VR式CPR培训的相关研究仍然较少,整体文献缺乏代表性。因此,本研究通过Meta分析的方法,整合国内外关于VR在CPR培训教学中的应用效果,以期为VR技术在CPR培训教学中的应用提供循证依据。本研究已在PROSPERO数据库中注册,注册号为CRD42020195736。