mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an Intensifying-flux Variable Flux-leakage Interior Permanent Magnet Machine for Wide Speed Range

In this paper, a novel intensifying-flux variable flux-leakage interior permanent magnet (IFVF-IPM) machine is proposed, in which flux barriers were designed deliberately between the adjacent poles to obtain intensifying-flux effect and variable flux-leakage property. The rotor topology and design principles of the proposed machine are also introduced. Then, a multi-objective optimization method is adopted based on the sensitivity analysis, and some design variables of IFVF-IPM machine with strong sensitivity are selected to optimization progress by using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ). Moreover, the electromagnetic characteristics of conventional IPM machine, conventional IFVF-IPM machine (CIFVF-IPM) and the novel IFVF-IPM machine are compared based on the finite element analysis (FEA) method which includes flux linkage, inductances characteristic, torque-speed envelops and power characteristic, as well as evaluation of the risk of irreversible demagnetization. Finally, the experiment results show that the IFVF-IPM machine has a better performance in flux weakening capability for wide speed range and a lower risk of irreversible demagnetization, which indicates the validity and feasibility of the proposed machine.
Analysis of Permanent Magnet-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Based on Equivalent Reluctance Network Model

In this paper, the equivalent reluctance network model (ERNM) is used to calculate the magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) and calculate no-load air-gap magnetic field and electromagnetic torque. Iteration method is used to solve the relative permeability of iron core. A novel reluctance network model based on actual distribution of the magnetic flux inside the motor is established. The magnetomotive force (MMF) generated by armature winding affects the relative permeability of iron core, which is considered in the calculation of ERNM to improve the accuracy when the motor is under load. ERNM can be used to measure air-gap flux density, no-load back electromotive force (EMF), the average value of motor torque, the armature winding voltage under load, and power factor. The method of calculating the motor performance is proposed. The results of calculation are consistent with finite element method (FEM) and the computational complexity is much less than that of the FEM. The results of ERNM has been verified, which will provide a simple method for motor design and analysis.
Safe conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop in the world. Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant, which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development. Here, the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage, monitoring, reproduction and renewal. We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years. The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.
Characterization and functional divergence of genes encoding sucrose transporters in oilseeds castor bean

Castor bean(Ricinus communis L.) is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop. Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid, which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications. Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth, development and oilseed yield in castor bean. The transporters or carriers(SUTs or SUCs) play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses. In this study, based on castor bean genome, three RcSUCs(RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4) were identified and characterized. The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf, stem, root, phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression, suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues. Additionally, under abiotic stresses including hot temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stresses, the sugar allocation among leaf, stem and roots was tested. The expressional changes of RcSUCs in leaf, stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation. Taken together, the differential expression of RcSUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues. This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds, and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.
Failure analysis and control measures of deep roadway with composite roof: a case study

There is great variation in the lithology and lamination thickness of composite roof in coal-measure strata; thus, the roof is prone to delamination and falling, and it is difficult to control the surrounding rock when developing roadway in such rock strata. In deep mining, the stress environment of surrounding rock is complex, and the mechanical response of the rock mass is different from that of the shallow rock mass. For composite-roof roadway excavated in deep rock mass, the key to safe and efficient production of the mine is ensuring the stability of the roadway. The present paper obtains typical failure characteristics and deformation and failure mechanisms of composite-roof roadway with a buried depth of 650 m at Zhaozhuang Coal Mine (Shanxi Province, China). On the basis of determining a reasonable cross-section shape of the roadway and according to the failure characteristics of the composite roof in different regions, the roof is divided into an unstable layer, metastable layer, and stable layer. The controlled unstable layer and metastable layer are regarded as a small structure while the stable layer is regarded as a large structure. A superimposed coupling support technology of large and small structures with a multi-level prestressed bearing arch formed by strong rebar bolts and highly prestressed cable bolts is put forward. The support technology provides good application results in the field. The study thus provides theoretical support and technical guidance for ground control under similar geological conditions.
Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential

The management of bacterial infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As an excellent candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) that are produced from the synthetic and natural sources demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with the high specificity and low toxicity. These peptides possess distinctive structures and functions by employing sophisticated mechanisms of action. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of AMPs from the origin, structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, biological activities to clinical applications. We finally discuss the strategies to optimize and develop AMP-based treatment as the potential antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine

Aconitum heterophyllum (Patrees) is a critically endangered medicinal herb of the northwestern Himalayas and has enormous pharmacological potential. It is the only nonpoisonous member of the genus Aconitum, and has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times. A. heterophyllum is an important ingredient in many traditional systems of medicine. Mostly, it is harvested for its roots, and its medicinal properties are due to the presence of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, commonly known as aconites. Our understanding of the pharmacological properties of this intriguing genus is continuously growing due to its broad chemical diversity. The therapeutic uses identified by traditional medicinal practice are receiving extensive study. Multiple in vitro experimental investigations of A. heterophyllum have reported the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, antiparasitic and anticancer properties, as well as its effects on the central nervous system. In this review, we highlight the classification, distribution, commerce, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and conservation measures relevant to this species. Additionally, this review includes the biosynthetic pathways of A. heterophyllum's key constituents, which could be targeted to enhance the expression levels of desired metabolites via genetic interventions. Studying the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomic aspects of this species would be helpful in developing highly designed genotypes and chemotypes of this species to be used in commercial production.
A CFD study of the transport and fate of airborne droplets in a ventilated office: The role of droplet–droplet interactions

Previous studies reported that specially designed ventilation systems provide good air quality and safe environment by removing airborne droplets that contain viruses expelled by infected people. These water droplets can be stable in the environment and remain suspended in air for prolonged periods. Encounters between droplets may occur and droplet interactions should be considered. However, the previous studies focused on other physical phenomena (air flow, drag force, evaporation) for droplet transport and neglected droplet interactions. In this work, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the transport and fate of airborne droplets expelled by an asymptomatic person and considered droplet interactions. Droplet drag with turbulence for prediction of transport and fate of droplets indicated that the turbulence increased the transport of 1 μm droplets, whereas it decreased the transport of 50 μm droplets. In contrast to only considering drag and turbulence, consideration of droplet interactions tended to increase both the transport and fate. Although the length scale of the office is much larger than the droplet sizes, the droplet interactions, which occurred at the initial stages of release when droplet separation distances were shorter, had a significant effect in droplet fate by considerably manipulating the final locations on surfaces where droplets adhered. Therefore, it is proposed that when an exact prediction of transport and fate is required, especially for high droplet concentrations, the effects of droplet interactions should not be ignored.
Parametric study on the sleep thermal environment

Sleep thermal environment has a great effect on occupants' sleep quality.The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between sleep thermal environment parameters and sleep quality in winter and summer.The whole experiments involved indoor ambient temperatures (winter:17 °C,20 °C,23 °C;summer:23 °C,26 °C,29 °C) and relative humidity (RH;winter:40%,55%,70%;summer:40%,60%,80%).A total of 18 young subjects (23±2 years old) were divided into the two different season groups to experience the corresponding environmental conditions.Their subjective environmental perception and objective physiological signals were monitored.The results showed that thermal sensations at 20 °C in winter,as well as 26 °C in summer,were considered as the thermal neutral states.Humid sensation in winter before sleep was susceptible to SET*,while the middle value of SET* (32 °C) related to the middle indoor air temperature (26 °C) and air humidity (60%) before and after sleep could be the summer combination of neutral thermal environment.Furthermore,cold and wet environment in winter was found to seriously affect the deep sleep.In summer,mild temperature contributing to good sleep quality might weaken the effect of humidity on sleep.Through combining the sleep environmental perception result with contour line and regression analysis on objective sleep quality,the suggested values of thermal environment parameters for young adults (21-25 years old) were as follows:20.3 °C and 56%RH in winter,as well as 26.1 °C and 52%RH in summer.
Evaluation and comparison of various fast fluid dynamics modeling methods for predicting airflow around buildings

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are being increasingly used for predicting airflow fields around buildings,but personal computers can still take tens of hours to create a single design using traditional computing models.Considering both accuracy and efficiency,this study compared the performances of the conventional algorithm PIMPLE,fast fluid dynamics (FFD),semi-Lagrangian PISO (SLPISO),and implicit fast fluid dynamics (IFFD) in OpenFOAM for simulating wind flow around buildings.The effects of calculation parameters,including grid resolution,discrete-time step,and calculation time for these methods are analyzed.The results of the simulations are compared with wind tunnel tests.It is found that IFFD and FFD have the fastest calculation speeds,but also have the largest discrepancies with test data.The PIMPLE algorithm has the highest accuracy,but with the slowest calculation speed.The calculation speeds of the FFD,SLPISO,and IFFD models are 6.3,3 and 13.3 times faster than the PIMPLE model,respectively.The calculation accuracy and speed of the SLPISO model are in between those of the IFFD,FFD and PIMPLE models.An appropriate algorithm for a project may be chosen based on the requirements of the project.
Indoor evacuation model based on visual-guidance artificial bee colony algorithm

Research on evacuation simulation and modeling is an important and urgent issue for emergency management.This paper presents an evacuation model based on cellular automata and social force to simulate the evacuation dynamics.Attractive force of target position,repulsive forces of individuals and obstacles,as well as congestion are considered in order to simulate the interaction among evacuees and the changing environment.A visual-guidance-based artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to optimize the evacuation process.Each evacuee moves toward exits with the guidance of leading bee in his/her visual field.And leading bee is selected according to comprehensive factors including distance from the current individual,the number of obstacles and congestion,which avoids the randomness of roulette mechanism used by basic artificial bee colony algorithm.The experimental results indicate that the proposed model and algorithm can achieve effective performances for indoor evacuation problems with a large number of evacuees and obstacles,which accords with the actual evacuation situation.
A modified universal pedestrian motion model:Revisiting pedestrian simulation with bottlenecks

Pedestrian flow through narrow exits is one the most important features of crowd dynamics and evacuation.This is a particularly important aspect of pedestrian simulation models in that the accuracy is highly dependent on their ability to produce realistic exit flow rates.We firstly identified the four parameters that are most critical for physical interactions of the social force model and then calibrated them against two well-controlled pedestrian experiments.With these calibrated parameters,we discussed the reasonable settings of sensitive parameters for different levels of pedestrian competitiveness.Then,we revisited the basic questions about the effect of the exit location,the bottleneck length,and the effect of obstacles on pedestrian egress.Our simulation results indicated that:(1) The effect of the exit location on the pedestrian egress efficiency is uncertain,and the evacuation efficiency is also related to the exit width and the level of urgency.(2) The "pass-way" after the exit also named as the bottleneck length has a negative impact on the evacuation performance only in the scenarios that the bottleneck length is not more than 2.0 meters.When the bottleneck length exceeds 2.0 meters,pedestrian outflow efficiency reaches an asymptotic.(3) Setting an obstacle near an exit is not leading to a longer pedestrian evacuation time,instead,it is effectively improving pedestrian evacuation.
Numerical analysis of horizontal temperature distribution in large buildings by thermo-aeraulic zonal approach

The commercial and public services sectors including shopping centers,worship buildings,theatres,and other types,account for more than 20% of the electricity consumption in the world.These building typologies are characterized by large spaces and high and temporary occupation.Besides,the horizontal temperature distribution in these buildings becomes one of the important parameters on occupant's comfort and energy efficiency.In the present study,a thermo-aeraulic zonal model using TRNSYS and CONTAM simulation tools is developed to analyze the spatial temperature distribution in a large building.Parametric studies relating to mesh discretization of building volume are performed to optimize the computational time and convergence.Extensive computational simulation is carried out to analyze the impact of building height,internal loads,natural ventilation and climatic conditions on the spatial temperature distribution,building energy performance,and thermal comfort.The developed simulation model in this study is effective to predict the horizontal temperature distribution with reasonable computation time compared to CFD simulations.The results show that the internal heat gains lead to an increase in the horizontal temperature gradient which should not be negligible especially in the case of large buildings.On the other side,natural night ventilation can reduce the peak tempearture in building by 3 °C for normal occupation building with limited internal gains.Furthermore,good spatial temperature distribution can decrease annual building energy needs about 32%.It can be helpful for architects and building developers to make an optimal choice regarding to building envelope and HVAC design.
Daylight and thermal performance of a switchable ethylene tetra- fluoro-ethylene cushion with dynamic control in different climates

Switchable multi-layer ethylene tetra-fluoro-ethylene (ETFE) cushion controls the natural light and heat flux passing through the cushion with varying outdoor conditions by dynamically modifying its properties.In this paper,the switchable ETFE cushions with ink printing of different optical and thermal properties were adopted as the window in a typical office model,and the indoor daylight and energy consumption were simulated by using Grasshopper software.Experimental model was built to validate the numerical model.Five locations representing five climate zones in China were selected to analyze the feasibility of the switchable ETFE cushion in different climates.The hourly indoor daylight and heat gain in a single day revealed the effects of the dynamic mechanism of ETFE cushion in improving indoor natural light and thermal environment.In addition,the annual daylight performance at the working area (1.5 m from the window) was simulated.ETFE cushion with printing of the lowest transmittance (ETFE1) was the optimal option for most cities and window-to-wall ratios,with the percentage of annual useful daylight hours up to 78.6%,except for the cases where the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) was 0.35 in Harbin,Beijing,and Hefei.The distribution of useful daylight hours revealed that ETFE cushions with low,medium,and high printing transmittance were suitable for offices where people work in the front,medium,and back region of the room,respectively.Energy consumption calculation revealed that ETFE1 showed advantages over other windows in most cities except for cities highly dominated by heating.ETFE1 delivered up to 33% of energy saving over a year in Kunming compared with the conventional double glazing but was not superior in cities with high heating and low cooling demands,such as Harbin.
Unraveling the sorghum domestication

Sorghum, the fifth major cereal crop, was domesticated in Africa and expanded globally. As with many other crops, this process can be generally separated into two stages: the first stage from wild ancestors to landraces, and the second stage from landraces to improved cultivars. Through domestication and crop improvement, sorghum has been selected to meet various human needs. Domesticated sorghum is typically classified into five races: bicolor, guinea, durra, caudatum, and kafir. It can be also classified by end uses: grain sorghum for seeds from panicles, sweet sorghum for sugar from stems, forage sorghum for biomass from entire above-ground organs, and broom sorghum for long and stiff primary branches from panicles (Council, 1996; Smith and Frederiksen, 2000) (Figure 1). Natural hybridization between domesticated and wild sorghums added another layer of complexity.
The supercomplex formation between the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex and photosystem I

The chloroplast genomes of land plants encode 11 genes (ndhA- ndhK) for proteins similar to the subunits of respiratory complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) with some exceptions. It was a mystery why the chloroplast genomes encode the genes related to respiratory electron transport. We understand now that the genes encode the subunits of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenaselike (NDH) complex mediating the antimycin A-resistant pathway of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (Peltier et al., 2016). This year, cryo-EM images of the NDH complex associated with two copies of photosystem I (PSI) complex (NDH-PSI supercomplex) from barley (Shen et al., 2022) and Arabidopsis (Su et al., 2022) were published. The chloroplast NDH complex may not be the complex enigma in both physiological function and structure. Here I briefly summarize what is clear and what is left unanswered focusing on the structural aspect.
Recent developments in high-performance Nafion membranes for hydrogen fuel cells applications

As a promising alternative to petroleum fossil energy, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has drawn considerable attention due to its low pollution emission, high energy density, portability, and long operation times. Proton exchange membrane(PEM) like Nafion plays an essential role as the core of fuel cell. A good PEM must have satisfactory performance such as high proton conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, and suitable for making membrane electrode assemblies(MEA). However, performance degradation and high permeability remain the main shortcomings of Nafion. Therefore, the development of a new PEM with better performance in some special conditions is greatly desired. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest achievements in improving the Nafion performance that works well under elevated temperature or methanol-fueled systems. The methods described in this article can be divided into some categories, utilizing hydrophilic inorganic material, metal-organic frameworks, nanocomposites, and ionic liquids. In addition, the mechanism of proton conduction in Nafion membranes is discussed. These composite membranes exhibit some desirable characteristics, but the development is still at an early stage. In the future, revolutionary approaches are needed to accelerate the application of fuel cells and promote the renewal of energy structure.