mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Advances in kesterite Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4 solar cells

Over the past decades,the emergence of photovoltaics(PV)alleviates the energy crisis and environmental pollution of fossil fuels.Compared to the large-scale silicon-based PV technology,thin-film PV technology is still just a newcomer.Thin-film solar cells need only several microns thickness to absorb most of the sunlight effectively,enabling the application in flexible substrates.The advantages in portable wearable devices coupled with the increasing efficiency facilitate its development and it can be expected that thin-film solar cell technology will rapidly enter and occupy the market after a few years.Among various thin-film solar cell absorber materials,the kesterite semiconductor Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4(CZTSSe)is composed of earth-abundant and environmentalfriendly elements while possessing promising optical-electrical properties.Therefore,CZTSSe thin-film solar cells are regarded as the dark horse of next-generation photovoltaic technology [1].Though promising,CZTSSe is suffering from low power conversion efficiency(PCE).The highest PCE has hovered at 12.6% for more than 5 years,while the PCEs of solar cells based on other thin-film materials have roared.By the end of 2019,the champion device PCEs of CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se_2(CIGSe)thin-film solar cells have already achieved 22.1% and 23.4% [2],respectively.Especially for emerging perovskite cells,the highest efficiency is up to 25.2% [2].At this point,a big crisis for CZTSSe thin-film solar cells is coming.To overcome the present challenges for CZTSSe PV technology(Fig.1)and realize its full potential,thoroughly understanding the root causes and figuring out the solutions to poor device performance are necessary.
Aortic heterogeneity across segments and under high fat/salt/glucose conditions at the single-cell level

The aorta,with ascending,arch,thoracic and abdominal segments,responds to the heartbeat,senses metabolites and distributes blood to all parts of the body.However,the heterogeneity across aortic segments and how metabolic pathologies change it are not known.Here,a total of 216 612 individual cells from the ascending aorta,aortic arch,and thoracic and abdominal segments of mouse aortas under normal conditions or with high blood glucose levels,high dietary salt,or high fat intake were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing.We generated a compendium of 10 distinct cell types,mainly endothelial(EC),smooth muscle(SMC),stromal and immune cells.The distributions of the different cells and their intercommunication were influenced by the hemodynamic microenvironment across anatomical segments,and the spatial heterogeneity of ECs and SMCs may contribute to differential vascular dilation and constriction that weremeasured by wiremyography.Importantly,the composition of aortic cells,their gene expression profiles and their regulatory intercellular networks broadly changed in response to high fat/salt/glucose conditions.Notably,the abdominal aorta showed the most dramatic changes in cellular composition,particularly involving ECs,fibroblasts and myeloid cells with cardiovascular risk factor-related regulons and gene expression networks.Our study elucidates the nature and range of aortic cell diversity,with implications for the treatment of metabolic pathologies.
Evidence of proteins,chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in exceptionally preserved dinosaur cartilage

A histological ground-section from a duck-billed dinosaur nestling(Hypacrosaurus stebingeri)revealed microstructures morphologically consistent with nuclei and chromosomes in cells within calcified cartilage.We hypothesized that this exceptional cellular preservation extended to the molecular level and had molecular features in common with extant avian cartilage.Histochemical and immunological evidence supports in situ preservation of extracellular matrix components found in extant cartilage,including glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II.Furthermore,isolated Hypacrosaurus chondrocytes react positively with two DNA intercalating stains.Specific DNA staining is only observed inside the isolated cells,suggesting endogenous nuclear material survived fossilization.Our data support the hypothesis that calcified cartilage is preserved at the molecular level in this Mesozoic material,and suggest that remnants of once-living chondrocytes,including their DNA,may preserve for millions of years.
Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst

Applying metal organic frameworks(MOFs)in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area ofMOFs.However,the problems forMOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport.Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis ofMOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres(HMCS)yolk-shell-structured hybrid material for the first time.The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67(ZIF-67)is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS,and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly.The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density(JK =13.8 mA cm~(–2))than commercial Pt/C.ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm~(–2)is 407 mV.In addition,ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn-air battery,exhibiting a high power density(120.2 mWcm~(–2)at 171.4 mA cm~(–2))and long-term charge/discharge stability(80 h at 5 mA cm~(–2)).This MOFs@HMCS yolk-shell design provides a versatile method for the application ofMOFs as electrocatalysts directly.
Perspectives for Tibetan Plateau data assimilation

Known as the Third Pole,the Tibetan Plateau(TP)exhibits profound impacts on weather and climate on regional and global scales.Dueto complex terrains and harsh environments,conventional observations over the TP are sparse and their qualities are poor,which significantly hinders our understanding of the TP's influences on societies and ecosystems.In order to produce high-quality data sets,data assimilation(DA)has been pursued,as it effectively integrates information from both model predictions and multi-source observations.A TP region-specific DA system may be limited by sparseness and poor quality of local observations.A global DA system can alleviate this limitation by propagating information into the TP using either observed spatial and temporal correlations estimated in the background-error covariance or the physical relationships included in the model [1](Fig.1a).Therefore,the perspectives for TP DA are mainly focused on global scales.
Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes

Lithium-sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices,yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications.To address the above issues,herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions.In situ UV-vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates.As expected,the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g~(–1)at 0.2 C,high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C(1 C=1675 mA g~(–1)).This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium-sulfur batteries.
A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal-organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Most metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to alkaline aqueous solutions,thus precluding their use as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices.Here,we present the design and synthesis of a highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@MOF composite,Co_3O_4 nanocube@Co-MOF(Co_3O_4@Co-MOF),via a controllable and facile one-pot hydrothermal method under highly alkaline conditions.The obtained composite possesses exceptional alkaline stability,retaining its original structure in 3.0MKOH for at least 15 days.Benefitting from the exceptional alkaline stability,unique structure,and larger surface area,the Co_3O_4@Co-MOF composite shows a specific capacitance as high as 1020 F g~(–1)at 0.5 A g~(–1)and a high cycling stability with only 3.3% decay after 5000 cycles at 5 A g~(–1).The as-constructed solid-state flexible device exhibits a maximum energy density of 21.6 mWh cm–3.
Successive inverse and normal magnetocaloric effects in the Mn-vacancy compound Mn_(0.95)Co_(0.75)Cu_(0.25)Ge

Ferromagnetic-structural transformation has been studied widely in MnCoGe-based materials.However,the magnetostructural transition (MST) from antiferromagnetic (AFM) orthorhombic phase to ferromagnetic (FM) hexagonal phase,which may lead to a large inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE),has rarely been reported.Here,the introduction of Mn vacancy lowers the structural transition temperature while retains the AFM state in the orthorhombic phase,thus successfully realizing the AFM-FM MST in Mn_(0.95)Co_(0.75)Cu_(0.25)Ge.Moreover,successive inverse and normal MCEs are observed around the first-order AFM-FM MST and the second-order FM-paramagnetic (PM) transition,respectively.A thermostat is proposed based on this special feature,which could release heat above the critical temperature while absorb heat below the critical temperature by simply applying the same magnetization/demagnetization cycles.This thermostat can be very useful in many applications where a constant temperature is required,such as cryostats and incubators.
Radio core dominance of Fermi/LAT-detected AGNs

We present a sample of 4388 AGNs with available radio core-dominance parameters—defined as the ratio of the core flux densities to the extended ones,R = S_(core)/S_(ext).—which includes 630 Fermi-detected AGNs from the fourth source catalog (4FGL) of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT);the rest are non-Fermi-detected AGNs.In our sample,584 blazars are Fermi-detected and 1310 are not.The sample also contains other subclasses,such as Seyferts,Fanaroff-Riley I/II galaxies,and normal galaxies.We investigate various properties of the Fermi-detected and non-Fermi-detected AGNs by using core-dominance parameters,capitalizing on a previous study which showed that R is a good indicator of beaming.We then calculate radio spectral indices for the whole sample,and adopt γ-ray-photon indices for the Fermi AGNs from the 4FGL catalog to discuss the properties of different subclasses.We obtain a relation between the core-dominance parameters and the radio spectral indices for both Fermi and non-Fermi sources,assuming a two-component model in the radio band.Our previous study ruled out the assumption that the core-dominance parameters and radio spectral indices are quite different for different AGN subclasses.This holds not only for Fermi sources but also for non-Fermi sources.In particular,R is,on average,greater for the former AGNs than for the latter.In this study,we enlarge our sample with available values of R to 4388 AGNs,and the obtained conclusions are consistent with our previous study.We assume that the same two-component model holds for the γ-ray band as for the radio band,and therefore,adopt the same relation between the core-dominance parameters and the γ-ray-photon indices for Fermi AGNs.Our fitting results indicate that the γ-ray emissions of Fermi blazars originate mainly from the jet,and therefore,we conclude that the Fermi blazars are beamed.
Highly energetic and flammable metallic glasses

Energetic materials are solids that release a large amount of energy in combustion.The evaluation depends on both combustion heat and ignition temperature.Conventional non-metallic materials have low ignition temperature but small combustion heat,whereas metals have large combustion heat but high ignition temperatures.We show that many metallic glasses,combining the merits of both metals and non-metals,have large combustion heat,approximately twice that of the non-metals,and low ignition temperature that is several hundreds of Kelvin lower than that of the metals.The ease in igniting metallic glass results from the low thermal conductivity of the materials and the storage of energy in their liquid-like atomic structure.Metallic glass ribbons outweigh metallic nanoparticles due to their high production efficiency,low cost and nontoxicity.The findings suggest that metallic glasses are alternative energetic materials.
Theoretical investigations on heat transfer to H_2O/CO_2 mixtures in supercritical region

The supercritical H_2O/CO_2 mixture is the working fluid to drive a turbine in a novel power generation system with coal gasified in supercritical water.This system is promising because of zero pollution emission in contrast to the conventional coal-fired power plant.Heat transfer coefficients of the supercritical H_2O/CO_2 mixtures are important to design heat transfer devices in this system,which is similar to the role of heat transfer to supercritical water in conventional systems.However,heat transfer to supercritical mixtures has received less attention.Here,we show that the supercritical mixtures with H_2O being one of the components,have similar convection heat transfer behavior to supercritical pure fluids for temperatures and pressures above the critical point of H_2O.This phenomenon was demonstrated from two aspects.Firstly,the forced convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical mixtures were numerically calculated using the simulation model for supercritical pure fluids and using the thermophysical properties (density,heat capacity,thermal conductivity and viscosity) of supercritical mixtures as input.The calculated results agree well with experimental data in the supercritical region.Secondly,the calculated results also agree well with the correlations for supercritical pure fluids.The mechanisms were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations on the diffusion of supercritical mixtures.These results lay the foundation for predicting convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical mixtures and for designing heat transfer devices with supercritical mixtures as heat transfer fluids.
Short-term power load forecasting using integrated methods based on long short-term memory

The development of power system informatization,the massive access of distributed power supply and electric vehicles have increased the complexity of power consumption in the distribution network,which puts forward higher requirements for the ac-curacy and stability of load forecasting.In this paper,an integrated network architecture which consists of the self-organized mapping,chaotic time series,intelligent optimization algorithm and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed to extend the load forecasting length,decrease artificial debugging,and improve the prediction precision for the short-term power load forecasting.Compared with LSTM prediction,the algorithm in this paper improves the prediction accuracy by 61:87% in terms of root mean square error (RMSE),and reduces the prediction error by 50% in the 40-fold forecast window under some circumstances.
Chronic electrical stimulation induces functional network changes in cortical neuron cultures

Recent studies demonstrated that a functional brain network could be regarded as a complex network.With the help of network theory,neuroscientists can identify common organizational principles of the functional brain networks.As a consequence,some non-random organizational features,such as “small world” (most of the nodes are not connected directly but can communicate with few intermediate relay steps) and “rich club” (nodes that are rich in connections tend to form strongly interconnected clubs),have been found in functional brain network.Recently,the “small world” organizational feature of neuronal functional networks in vitro was found to be influenced by external applications.However,little is known about the influence of chronic electrical stimulation on functional networks of dissociated cortical cultures during network development.In the present study,cortical cultures were electrically stimulated at a frequency of 0,0.02,and 0.2 Hz,between 7 and 26 days in vitro (DIV).The spontaneous activity of the cortical cultures was recorded using MEAs.Next,a cross-covariance method and graph theory were applied to investigate organizational feature of functional networks.Our results showed that over 3 weeks of stimulation,the network density significantly increased with maturation in the control and 0.02 Hz stimulation groups,but not in 0.2 Hz stimulation groups.Moreover,all the cultures had a small-world topology at 14,18,22,and 26 DIV,free from the effect of chronic electrical stimulation.Besides,we found an asymmetry effect that partial electrical stimulation inhibited the formation of node connections in stimulated areas.This effect was more pronounced at 0.2 Hz than at 0.02 Hz stimulation.Our results suggest that electrical stimulation does not affect the small-world properties of neural cultures.Instead,electrical stimulation modulates connectivity patterns,and neurons within the stimulated area are less connected than neurons outside the stimulated area.
“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Shale oil and gas in Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources, with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match. Thus, the basin is an ideal option for fully “exploring petroleum inside source kitchen” with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China, and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition. US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas, whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy. A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects. First, there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin, such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale, Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale, Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale, and Jurassic lacustrine shale. Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements: Deep-water shelf facies, moderate thermal evolution, calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association, and closed roof/floor. Second, the “sweet section” is generally characterized by high total organic carbon, high gas content, large porosity, high brittle minerals content, high formation pressure, and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures. Moreover, the “sweet area” is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale, moderate thermal evolution, good preservation conditions, and shallow burial depth, which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Longtan Formation, and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Third, the marine, transitional, and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%, 25%, and 30% of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China, with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China. Following the “Conventional Daqing-Oil”(i.e., the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin) and the “Western Daqing-Oil & Gas”(i.e., the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin), the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a “Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas” in China.
Eco-districts in France: What tools to ensure goals achievement?

Globally, to build cities and communities more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable is one of the most important sustainable development goals. Eco-districts in cities emerged as an answer to current global environmental concerns and have been developed in France since the 1990s. The objective of this work is to gather operational feedback from sustainable neighborhood projects owners to better understand the key barriers of such projects and how to overcome them. A case study of the eco-district Les Tanneries, Lingolsheim showed that the carbon footprint of each inhabitant annually amounted to 4 tons CO_2 equivalent, more than half of the French average. Rooms for improvements were clearly identified regarding transports and food carbon footprint. Indicators for energy consumption, social diversity and density reached the level of the eco-districts average. A governance review pointed out some superior practices such as the formalization of a specification requirements handbook, a competition between project management teams, and the use of neighborhood sustainability assessment tools to measure and track changes in performance. The validated tools and obtained results can be useful in building sustainable cities and even China's ecological civilization.
Plate tectonics in relation to mantle temperatures and metamorphic properties

When plate tectonics emerged and how it has evolved over Earth history are two of the most fundamental challenges in Earth Sciences. These questions are tackled using a holistic approach to analyze tectonic styles in the history of Earth, giving rise to the interpretation of two styles of plate tectonics since the Archean. In these interpretations, there are different styles of deformation and metamorphism between early times dominated by warm subduction, and later times preferring cold subduction. The two styles of plate tectonics are recorded by different properties of regional metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries, which are linked to the differences in mantle temperature between the Archean and Phanerozoic. A transition to modern plate tectonics is recorded by the signature of blueschist facies metamorphism developed in the Neoproterozoic. This is consistent with geological evidence for the operation of ancient plate tectonics since the early Archean. The temporal cooling of the mantle explains the geochemical trends of mantle-derived melts, the likely change from numerous small plates to fewer but larger plates, changes in thickness and preservation of oceanic crust and lithosphere in accretionary and collisional orogens, and led to the oxygenation of the surface environment providing the environments needed to foster life.