mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Robust Energy Management of Multi-area Integrated Electricity-gas Systems

This paper proposes a fast and decentralized solution methodology for the robust operation of multi-area integrated electricity-gas systems (M-IEGSs). A deterministic reformulation is obtained for the two-stage robust model by applying the linear decision rule based electrical reserve utilization scheme as well as regulating the distributed gas storages. Two linear approximations are developed for the nonconvex Weymouth equation in the gas network to determine the gas flow directions. The penalty convex-concave procedure (P-CCP) is then adopted to refine a feasible local optimum for the nonconvex model with an acceleration strategy. The decentralized decision- making is enabled by the alternating direction multipliers method (ADMM). The convergence as well as computation performance of the overall solution procedure can be guaranteed as only convex optimizations are solved. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods as well as the benefits of the proposed convex programing based solution procedure.
Single-phase-to-ground fault protection based on zero-sequence current ratio coefficient for low-resistance grounding distribution network

Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance (low-resistance grounding systems). These systems frequently malfunction owing to their high settings of the action value when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs. In this study, the relationship between the zero-sequence currents of each feeder and the neutral branch was analyzed. Then, a grounding protection method was proposed on the basis of the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient. It is defined as the ratio of the zero-sequence current of the feeder to that of the neutral branch. Nonetheless, both zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are affected by the transition resistance, The influence of transition resistance can be eliminated by calculating this coefficient. Therefore, a method based on the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient was proposed considering the significant difference between the faulty feeder and healthy feeder. Furthermore, unbalanced current can be prevented by setting the starting current. PSCAD simulation results reveal that the proposed method shows high reliability and sensitivity when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs.
Grid Forming Converters in Renewable Energy Sources Dominated Power Grid: Control Strategy, Stability, Application, and Challenges

The renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure of the future power system, where the commonly used grid following (GFL) control for grid-tied converters suffers from lacking grid support capability, low stability, etc. Recently, emerging grid forming (GFM) control methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability of grid-tied converters. This paper reviews existing GFM control methods for the grid-tied converters and compares them in terms of control structure, grid support capability, fault current limiting, and stability. Considering the impact of fault current limiting strategies, a comprehensive transient stability analysis is provided. In addition, this paper explores the typical applications of GFM converters, such as AC microgrid and offshore wind farm high-voltage direct current (OWF-HVDC) integration systems. Finally, the challenges to the GFM converters in future applications are discussed.
Interannual variability and climatic sensitivity of global wildfire activity

Understanding historical wildfire variations and their environmental driving mechanisms is key to predicting and mitigating wildfires. However, current knowledge of climatic responses and regional contributions to the interannual variability (IAV) of global burned area remains limited. Using recent satellite-derived wildfire products and simulations from version v1.0 of the land component of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM land model [ELM] v1) driven by three different climate forcings, we investigated the burned area IAVand its climatic sensitivity globally and across nine biomes from 1997 to 2018. We found that 1) the ELM simulations generally agreed with the satellite observations in terms of the burned area IAV magnitudes, regional contributions, and covariations with climate factors, confirming the robustness of the ELM to the usage of different climate forcing sources; 2) tropical savannas, tropical forests, and semi-arid grasslands near deserts were primary contributors to the global burned area IAV, collectively accounting for 71.7%e99.7% of the global wildfire IAV estimated by both the satellite observations and ELM simulations; 3) precipitation was a major fire suppressing factor and dominated the global and regional burned area IAVs, and temperature and shortwave solar radiation were mostly positively related with burned area IAVs; and 4) noticeable local discrepancies between the ELM and remote-sensing results occurred in semi-arid grasslands, croplands, boreal forests, and wetlands, likely caused by uncertainties in the current ELM fire scheme and the imperfectly derived satellite observations. Our findings revealed the spatiotemporal diversity of wildfire variations, regional contributions and climatic responses, and provided new metrics for wildfire modeling, facilitating the wildfire prediction and management.
MnO_2/carbon nanocomposite based on silkworm excrement for high-performance supercapacitors

MnO_2/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor,which was activated by ZnCl_2 and FeCl_3 combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO_2 nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO_2/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance(238 F·g~(-1) at 0.5 A·g~(-1))and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials' high specific surface area,multilevel hierarchical structure,and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO_2-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.
Discharge properties of Mg-Sn-Y alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Mg-Sn-Y alloys with different Sn contents(wt%)were assessed as anode candidates for Mg-air batteries. The relationship between microstructure(including the second phase,grain size,and texture)and discharge properties of the Mg-Sn-Y alloys was examined using microstructure observation,electrochemical measurements,and galvanostatic discharge tests. The Mg-0.7Sn-1.4Y alloy had a high steady discharge voltage of 1.5225 V and a high anodic efficiency of 46.6% at 2.5 mA·cm~(-2). These good properties were related to its microstructure: small grain size of 3.8 μm,uniform distribution of small second phase particles of 0.6 μm,and a high content(vol%)of()/()orientated grains. The scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)indicated that the Sn3Y5 and MgSnY phases were effective cathodes causing micro-galvanic corrosion which promoted the dissolution of Mg matrix during the discharge process.
The modulation of the discharge plateau of benzoquinone for sodium-ion batteries

p-Benzoquinone(BQ)is a promising candidate for next-generation sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)because of its high theoretical specific capacity,good reaction reversibility,and high resource availability. However,practical application of BQ faces many challenges,such as a low discharge plateau(~2.7 V)as cathode material or a high discharge plateau as anode material compared with inorganic materials for SIBs and high solubility in organic electrolytes,resulting in low power and energy densities. Here,tetrahydroxybenzoquinone tetrasodium salt(Na_4C_6O_6)is synthesized through a simple neutralization reaction at low temperatures. The four-ONa electron-donating groups introduced on the structure of BQ greatly lower the discharge plateau by over 1.4 V from ~2.70 V to ~1.26 V,which can change BQ from cathode to anode material for SIBs. At the same time,the addition of four-ONa hydrophilic groups inhibits the dissolution of BQ in the organic electrolyte to a certain extent. As a result,Na_4C_6O_6 as the anode displays a moderate discharge capacity and cycling performance at an average work voltage of ~1.26 V versus Na/Na~+. When evaluated as a Na-ion full cell(NIFC),a Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3 || Na_4C_6O_6 NIFC reveals a moderate discharge capacity and an average discharge plateau of ~1.4 V. This research offers a new molecular structure design strategy for reducing the discharge plateau and simultaneously restraining the dissolution of organic electrode materials.
Practical development and challenges of garnet-structured Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12) electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries: A review

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high safety and energy density. Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the ionic conductivity,stabilize the electrochemical performance,and enhance the electrolyte/electrode interfacial compatibility of several solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),including oxides,sulfides, composite and gel electrolytes,and so on. Garnet-structured Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12)(LLZO)is highly regarded an SSE with excellent application potential. However,this type of electrolyte also possesses a number of disadvantages,such as low ionic conductivity,unstable cubic phase,and poor interfacial compatibility with anodes/cathodes. The benefits of LLZO have urged many researchers to explore effective solutions to overcome its inherent limitations. Herein,we review recent developments on garnet-structured LLZO and provide comprehensive insights to guide the development of garnet-structured LLZO-type electrolytes. We not only systematically and comprehensively discuss the preparation,element doping,structure,stability,and interfacial improvement of LLZOs but also provide future perspectives for these materials. This review expands the current understanding on advanced solid garnet electrolytes and provides meaningful guidance for the commercialization of ASSLIBs.
Solid electrolyte-electrode interface based on buffer therapy in solid-state lithium batteries

In the past few years,the all-solid lithium battery has attracted worldwide attentions,the ionic conductivity of some all-solid lithiumion batteries has reached 10~(-3)-10~(-2)S/cm,indicating that the transport of lithium ions in solid electrolytes is no longer a major problem. However,some interface issues become research hotspots. Examples of these interfacial issues include the electrochemical decomposition reaction at the electrode-electrolyte interface;the low effective contact area between the solid electrolyte and the electrode etc. In order to solve the issues,researchers have pursued many different approaches. The addition of a buffer layer between the electrode and the solid electrolyte has been at the center of this endeavor. In this review paper,we provide a systematic summarization of the problems on the electrode-solid electrolyte interface and detailed reflection on the latest works of buffer-based therapies,and the review will end with a personal perspective on the improvement of buffer-based therapies.
Impact of brine on physical properties of saline soils

Engineering activities in the salt lake region continue to increase where fresh water resources are scarce.This paper investigates the physical properties of saline soils during mixing with brine.Fine-grained saline soils with salt content varying from 2.6% to 78.5% were collected along Qarhan-Golmud Highway (QGH) and Sebei-Qarhan Highway (SQH) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to conduct laboratory physical properties tests.Liquid plastic limit tests were conducted.Results show that liquid plastic limit parameters will decrease with an increase of salt content ranging from 2.6% to 78.5%,and the relationship between them is linear.After considering the content ratio of chloride and sulfate,results show that liquid plastic limit parameters will decrease with an increase of the ratio of chloride to sulfate ranging from 0.7% to 7.0%;liquid plastic limit parameters enter a stable period at the ratio of chloride to sulfate ranging from 7.0% to 37.4%;liquid plastic limit parameters enter a decline period at the ratio of chloride to sulfate ranging from 37.4% to 77.2%.After brine and fresh water are separately mixed into saline soil,the optimal moisture content of the soil samples after the brine action is lower than the saline soil under the action of fresh water,and the maximum dry density of the soil sample is higher than that under the action of fresh water.At the same time,these changing laws show a certain correlation with the chloride ion content and the ratio of chloride to sulfate in saline soils.The results are of significance for engineering activities in salt lake regions with extensive saline soil distribution.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgY Isolated from Egg Yolks of Hens Immunized with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 for Immunoprophylaxis of COVID-19

In the absence of vaccine,the mounting second wave of COVID-19 infections worldwide calls for the rapid development of human neutralizing antibodies to prevent and treat COVID-19 (Lee et al.2020).Considering the high cost and long development cycle of human neutralizing antibodies,we turned to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgY for cheap and fast scale up.
Construction of Non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 Replicons and Their Application in Drug Evaluation

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating pandemic worldwide.Vaccines and antiviral drugs are the most promising candidates for combating this global epidemic,and scientists all over the world have made great efforts to this end.However,manipulation of the SARS-CoV-2 should be performed in the biosafety level;3 laboratory.This makes experiments complicated and time-consuming.Therefore,a safer system for working with this virus is urgently needed.Here,we report the construction of plasmid-based,non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 replicons with turbo-green fluorescent protein and/or firefly luciferase reporters by reverse genetics using transformation-associated recombination cloning in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Replication of these replicons was achieved simply by direct transfection of cells with the replicon plasmids as evident by the expression of reporter genes.Using SARS-CoV-2 replicons,the inhibitory effects of E64-D and remdesivir on SARS-CoV-2 replication were confirmed,and the halfmaximal effective concentration (EC_(50)) value of remdesivir and E64-D was estimated by different quantification methods respectively,indicating that these SARS-CoV-2 replicons are useful tools for antiviral drug evaluation.
Mucins produced by type II pneumocyte: culprits in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sweeping across the world and has caused the loss of more than 3.3 million lives. Before clearance by virus-specific T and B cell-mediated adaptive immunity, excessive inflammation by innate immune cells might cause severe lung and even multiorganic pathologies, thus interfering with antiviral immunity. To curb infection and subsequent organic damage, a deep understanding of the pathogenetic process is highly desirable. Recently, we found that IFN-driven mucin expression in type II alveolar epithelial cells is crucial in initiating hypoxia and early lung pathology1, and SARS-CoV-2 is disposed of by M1 and M2 alveolar macrophages (AMs) in distinct manners2. In this correspondence, we propose that (1) following the invasion of the alveoli and uptake by local alveolar macrophages, SARS-CoV-2 may stimulate macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon; (2) type I interferon acts on neighboring alveolar type II pneumocytes and activates the cytoplasmic transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); (3) subsequently, AhR is translocated to the nucleus, where it promotes the expression of mucin genes, leading to mucus production; and (4) mucus begins to accumulate in the alveoli and gradually impairs the exchange of O_2 and CO_2, initially causing hypoxia and then dampening CO_2 exhalation, leading to a critical illness. Here, we dissect these early pathogenic events, which might provide clues to interfering with SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage.
The two faces of IL-2: a key driver of CD8~+ T-cell exhaustion

The body undergoes abnormal, pathological immune responses when antigens are present at too great an excess for the immune system to handle or the body is persistently exposed to antigens. The etiology of many types of chronic diseases is partially related to such conditions; thus, understanding the pathophysiological processes of these chronic diseases is of paramount importance for therapeutic purposes. A recent paper published in Nature Immunology revealed the unexpected involvement of the T cellactivating cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 in counteracting the immune attack on tumors, a finding that will provide new options for cancer therapy.
Solvent regulation strategy of Co-MOF-74 microflower for supercapacitors

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with porous crystal structures have attracted extensive attention in application of energy storage and conversion, owing to their regularity, porosity, large specific surface area, etc. In this work, Co-MOF-74 microflower has been successfully prepared via a controllable solvent regulation strategy. Through modulating the polarity of the solvent, crystals grow in certain preferred orientation and Co-MOF-74 with various morphologies were obtained. Thereinto, the energy storage performance of Co-MOF-74 microflower was measured in both three-electrode system and asymmetric supercapacitor device (specific capacitance of 164.2 F/g at 0.5 A/g in the three-electrode system and 62.5 F/g at 1 A/g in the asymmetric supercapacitor device). This can be attributed to the preferred crystal orientation resulting in a regular and uniform microflower, which is of great significance to electronic interfacial exchange and ion transfer during electrochemical reactions.
Flexibly regulated electrochemiluminescence of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr_3 quantum dots through electron bridge to across interfaces between polar and non-polar solvents

All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great interests due to its outstanding properties. But their poor stability in polar solvents seriously hampered wide applications in analytical chemistry. In this work, strong, stable and flexibly regulated the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission form CsPbBr_3 QDs was successfully obtained and applied in the analysis of polar solvents through the unique structure of closed bipolar electrode (BPE). To demonstrate the feasibility, it was successfully used in the detection of tetracycline (Tc) aqueous solution. CsPbBr_3 QDs was immersed into organic solution in anode microcell of closed BPE while Tc aqueous solution was added into cathode microcell. The two microcells were physically separated and would not interfere with each other. But the bio-recognition event between aptamer and Tc in cathode microcell would induce the ECL signal change in anode microcell through the electrons conducted by BPE as the bridge. The ECL emission can be flexibly regulated by environmental factors of both polar and non-polar solvents and the interface status of the BPE. Compared with traditional methods to overcome the intrinsic instability in polar medium, the reported method does not need any further surface modifications, has no limitations on the targets and can provide wide development space for further deep research, which may open a new direction for the ECL sensing of CsPbBr_3 QDs.
Influence of anode current density on carbon parasitic reactions during electrolysis

In the electro-deoxidation process,carbon parasitic reaction (CO_3~(2-)+ 4e~-= C + 3O~(2-)) usually occurs when using carbon materials as the anode,which leads to increase of the carbon content in the final metal and decrease of the current efficiency of the process.The aim of this work is to reduce the negative effect of carbon parasitic reaction on the electrolysis process by adjusting anode current density.The results indicate that lower graphite anode area can achieve higher current density,which is helpful to increase the nucleation site of CO_2 bubbles.Most of CO_2 would be released from the anode instead of dissolution in the molten CaCl_2 and reacting with O~(2-) to form CO_3~(2-),thus decreasing the carbon parasitic reaction of the process.Furthermore,the results of the compared experiments show that when the anode area decreases from 172.78 to 4.99 cm~2,CO_2 concentration in the released gases increases significantly,the carbon mass content in the final metal product decreased from 1.09% to 0.13%,and the current efficiency increased from 6.65% to 36.50%.This study determined a suitable anode current density range for reducing carbon parasitic reaction and provides a valuable reference for the selection of the anode in the electrolysis process.
Barium-doped Pr_2Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) with triple conducting characteristics as cathode for intermediate temperature proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell

Proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell (H-SOFC) is an emerging energy conversion device,with lower activation energy and higher energy utilization efficiency.However,the deficiency of highly active cathode materials still remains a major challenge for the development of H-SOFC.Therefore,in this work,K_2NiF_4-type cathode materials Pr_(2-x)Ba_xNi_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) (x = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3),single-phase tripleconducting (e~-/O~(2-)/H~+) oxides,are prepared for intermediate temperature H-SOFCs and exhibit good oxygen reduction reaction activity.The investigation demonstrates that doping Ba into Pr_(2-x)Ba_xNi_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) can increase its electrochemical performance through enhancing electrical conductivity,oxygen vacancy concentration and proton conductivity.EIS tests are carried at 750 ℃ and the minimum polarization impedances are obtained when x = 0.2,which are 0.068 Ω·cm~2 in air and 1.336 Ω·cm~2 in wet argon,respectively.The peak power density of the cell with Pr_(1.8)Ba_(0.2)Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) cathode is 298 mW·cm~(-2) at 750 ℃ in air with humidified hydrogen as fuel.Based on the above results,Ba-doped Pr_(2-x)Ba_xNi_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) can be a good candidate material for SOFC cathode applications.
氨甲蝶呤治疗异位妊娠并发骨髓抑制死亡医疗损害鉴定1例

异位妊娠在妇产科是常见的急腹症,也是早期妊娠孕妇死亡的主要原因,但随着医疗的发展,异位妊娠的早期诊断和规范处理,使患者的存活率和生育保留能力明显提高。针对此类医疗损害的司法鉴定,重点是要查证医方实施治疗前对患者有无进行综合评估(包括生理、病情严重程度、全身状况支持能力等)、在治疗过程中对病情变化的观察是否细致、对病情发生变化后采取的处理措施是否合理,同时也要考虑药物使用的个体差异性,综合性地评定医方的医疗过错,以保证司法鉴定的科学性和公平性。
癫痫共病精神心理障碍性疾病研究进展

癫痫共病精神心理障碍性疾病,是指癫痫及精神心理障碍这两种疾病非因果关系,但同时出现于同一患者。目前,癫痫共病精神心理障碍性疾病越来越受到关注。癫痫和精神心理障碍性疾病均为慢性病,两者在管理过程中,核心部分就是药物治疗,然而,部分抗癫痫药物会导致精神心理障碍可能,也有部分抗精神病药物可能诱发癫痫发作。由此,在药物选择上,因抗癫痫药及抗精神病药的相应特殊副作用,更是给临床用药上提出了很大的挑战。本文拟对癫痫共病精神心理障碍性疾病的流行病学、危险因素,尤其是抗癫痫药诱发精神症状及抗精神病药导致癫痫发作的相应机制研究进展作一综述,以更好地指导临床医生针对癫痫共病精神心理障碍性疾病患者进行安全合理的药物选择。
IgA肾病实验动物模型的研究进展

IgA肾病(IgA nephrology,IgAN)是世界范围内最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎,我国为该病的高发国家。目前IgAN的发病机制尚未得到完全阐明,治疗策略相对有限。许多学者针对IgAN进行了不断的探索与研究,并建立了大量实验动物模型。本综述基于IgAN已知的不同发病机制,介绍目前国内外常见IgAN实验动物模型,并就其各自的特点进行说明,旨在为IgAN相关研究提供参考。