mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Alcohols for hydrate inhibition-Different alcohols and different mechanisms

Methanol has been used to prevent hydrate formation in industrial handling of hydrate forming mixtures containing water for many decades.Ethanol is also used for the same purpose in countries that have easy access to low price ethanol,like for instance Brasil.Common to these small alcohols is that they also have surfactant properties that will promote hydrate formation,but when added to water in sufficient amounts,the hydrate prevention characteristics will dominate.These alcohols will primarily prevent heterogeneous hydrate formation on the interface between water and a separate hydrate phase.The effect of "alcohol" on both of these routes to hydrate formation are investigated and compared to experimental data.In particular we also investigate the effects of these small alcohols on Gibbs free energy for the hydrate formed on the new,shifted,stability conditions.Gibbs free energy is generally higher than hydrate formed from pure water.Enthalpies of hydrate formation are also higher for hydrate formed from water containing alcohols.These are negative numbers,so in absolute values released formation enthalpy is lower.The presence of these alcohols in water will also prevent homogeneous hydrate formation from dissolved hydrate formers in water.Glycols have more important roles in other routes to hydrate nucleation.Heterogeneous hydrate nucleation towards mineral surfaces is feasible in different ways.Polar hydrate formers like H_2S and CO_2 can adsorb directly on rust,and as discussed here,are able to form hydrate from adsorbed state on rust surface.Non-polar hydrocarbons like,for instance methane might get trapped in structured water and then nucleate to hydrate.Some research on this is published and further research is in progress.Glycols have very strong attraction to rust and corresponding chemical potentials for adsorbed glycols on rust are favourable enough to facilitate phase transition from glycols dissolved in water over to adsorption.Injection of glycol in gas processing plants has been used by industry for many years and in many cases it might even be economically and technically feasible compared to expensive drying units.Exceptions are situations that will lead to water/glycol freezing.But even in multiphase transport of hydrocarbons with various water cuts,mixtures of alcohols might be a technically efficient solution in which the small alcohols may be very efficient as discussed above and glycols may go through adsorption phase transition from water solution over to glycol film on rust and prevent hydrate nucleation towards rust surface.This possible strategy requires more theoretical work as well as experimental investigation.On the basis of thermodynamic analysis and calculations of hydrate formation from different routes,it is argued that real natural and industrial systems are unable to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is therefore a need for a consistent thermodynamic platform with a uniform reference system for all phases.We propose and demonstrate a residual thermodynamic model system for all phases.
Effects of phase change material(PCM)-based nanocomposite additives on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants containing RDX

A kind of phase change material(PCM)-based nanocomposite was prepared and added into high energy propellants containing RDX as additives to investigate its effect on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants. The effect of PCM-based nanocomposites on thermal decomposition of high energy propellants is investigated by TG/DSC-FTIR-MS technology. Due to the delayed protection effect(PCM-based nanocomposites can absorb lots of heat at the range of certain temperature when it undergoes structure change or phase transitions)of PCM-based nanocomposites under the thermal decomposition condition, the thermal stability of high energy propellants modified with PCMbased nanocomposites is improved. At the same time, the concentration of N_2, NO_2, H_2O and CO_2 is increased during thermal decomposition of high energy propellants whereas NO and CO is decreased. The burning gaseous products and burning characteristic of high energy propellants are studied by the combination of closed bomb test and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The main burning gaseous products are N_2, CO_2, CO, H_2O, CH_4, etc. After the high energy propellant modified with PCM-based nanocomposites, the concentration of CH_4 is increased while CO, CO_2 and H_2O is decreased under the high-pressure burning condition. The progressivity factor of high energy propellants is increased by 22.2% compared with the control sample while the maximum pressure is merely decreased 1.25% after the addition of the PCM-based nanocomposite, thus PCM-based nanocomposites can be used to adjust the burning process and improve the burning progressivity of high energy propellants. This study is expected to boost the practical application of PCM-based nanocomposite to the propellant formulation and effectively control the burning characteristic of high energy propellants.
Component Importance and Interdependence Analysis for Transmission,Distribution and Communication Systems

For critical infrastructure restoration planning,the real-time scheduling and coordination of system restoration efforts,the key in decision-making is to prioritize those critical components that are out of service during the restoration.For this purpose,there is a need for component importance analysis.While it has been investigated extensively for individual systems,component importance considering interdependence among transmission,distribution and communication (T&D&C) systems has not been systematically analyzed and widely adopted.In this study,we propose a component importance assessment method in the context of interdependence between T&D&C networks.Analytic methods for multilayer networks and a set of metrics have been applied for assessing the component importance and interdependence between T&D&C networks based on their physical characteristics.The proposed methodology is further validated with integrated synthetic Illinois regional transmission,distribution,and communication (T&D&C)systems,the results reveal the unique characteristics of component/node importance,which may be strongly affected by the network topology and cross-domain node mapping.
An Efficient Decomposition Method for Bilevel Energy Storage Arbitrage Problem

With the reduction of cost,large-capacity energy storage unit is playing an increasingly important role in modern power systems.When a merchant energy storage unit participates in the power market,its arbitrage problem can be modeled via a bilevel program.The lower-level problem simulates power market clearing and gives the nodal price,based on which the upper-level problem maximizes the arbitrage profit of energy storage.To solve this bilevel problem,the conventional method replaces the lower level problem with its KKT optimality conditions and further performs linearization.However,because the size of the market clearing problem grows with the scale of the power system and the number of periods,the resulting MILP (mixed-integer linear program) is very challenging to solve.This paper proposes a decomposition method to address the bilevel energy storage arbitrage problem.First,the locational marginal price at the storage connection node is expressed as a piecewise constant function in the storage bidding strategy,so the market clearing problem can be omitted.Then,the storage bidding problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program,which contains only a few binary variables.Numeric experiments validate the proposed method is exact and highly efficient.
Vulnerable Point Identification Using Heterogeneous Interdependent Node Theory for Distribution Systems

In order to reduce the occurrence or expansion of accidents and maintain safety in distribution networks,it is essential to find out the vulnerable points for the power system in time.In this paper,a vulnerable point identification method based on heterogeneous interdependent (HI) node theory and risk theory is proposed.Compared with the methods based on betweenness theory,the method based on HI nodes theory can deal with the shortcomings of the power flow shortest path,and consider the direct and indirect relationship of nodes.It is more suitable for identifying vulnerable points in a realistic power system.First,according to the analysis of heterogenous interdependent networks,the HI nodes are defined and used to evaluate the utility coupling value of each node.Then an identification indicator,which combines the utility coupling value and the risk indicators,is utilized to evaluate the vulnerability of each node.Results show that the proposed method is a suitable one to find the vulnerable points and better than betweenness-based methods for a distribution network.
Physics Insight of the Inertia of Power Systems and Methods to Provide Inertial Response

The growth of renewable energy reduces the moment of inertia for the synchronous AC grid,so the authors put forward two basic questions:1) What is the physics insight that a synchronous AC grid needs for mechanical inertia? 2) How to provide inertial response for the power grid dominated with renewable energy? Based on Einstein's special relativity and the Lorentz transformation,these papers illustrates that the nature of the inertia of the AC grid comes from the relativity of the electromagnetic field and motion,and from the strong coupling between them.According to their nature,the inertial response of the synchronous generator is self-proven.By contrast,the converter for the grid-connection of renewable energies used various algorithms in order to provide virtual inertia.But because algorithms do not rebuild the coupling between electromagnetic fields and motion,it is doubtful whether they can provide inertia and inertial responses.Therefore,the authors propose that there is a need to build extra electromagnetic fields and motion coupling for grids with high penetration rates of renewable energy.Therefore,a new grid-connection technology via Motor-Generator Pair (MGP) is discussed.The electromagnetic-motion coupling of the MGP is analyzed,and the results of simulation and experimental studies are also reported.
On the Consistency of Renewable-to-Hydrogen Pricing

With the proposal of carbon neutrality goals and hydrogen energy development strategies in various countries,the development and construction of hydrogen supply chains have become important priorities.However,existing research has paid little attention to the hydrogen market and pricing.Therefore,a hydrogen pricing method based on marginal pricing theory is proposed in this paper,which adapts to hydrogen systems with renewable-to-hydrogen as a major source,in the future.A hydrogen energy market is established to define the industrial chain of hydrogen and the hydrogen trading process.The hydrogen market-clearing model is formulated considering a dynamic line pack.Due to its nonconvexity,the model is equivalently converted into mixed-integer second-order cone programming,and the optimality gap is minimized by introducing a penalty term.Based on the clearing solution,the concept and calculation method of the locational marginal hydrogen price (LMHP) are proposed with respect to the locational marginal price (LMP) in electricity markets.Case studies based on a modified Belgium 20-node gas network and Pennsylvania,New Jersey,and Maryland (PJM) market operation data demonstrate the consistency between LMHP and LMP.
The Averaged-value Model of a Flexible Power Electronics Based Substation in Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Systems

The concept of a flexible power electronics substation (FPES) was first applied in the Zhangbei DC distribution network demonstration project.As a multi-port power electronics transformer (PET) with different AC and DC voltage levels,the FPES has adopted a novel topology integrating modular multilevel converter (MMC) and four-winding medium frequency transformer (FWMFT) based multiport DC-DC converter,which can significantly reduce capacitance in each sub-module (SM) of a MMC and also save space and cost.In this paper,in order to accelerate speed of electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of FPES based hybrid AC/DC distribution systems,an averaged-value model (AVM) is proposed for efficient and accurate representation of FPES.Assume that all SM capacitor voltages are perfectly balanced in the MMC,then the MMC behavior can be modeled using controlled voltage sources based on modulation voltages from control systems.In terms of the averaged current transfer characteristics among the windings of the FWMFT,we consider that all multiport DC-DC converters are controlled with the same dynamics,a lumped averaged model using controlled current and voltage sources has been developed for these four-port DC-DC converters connected to the upper or lower arms of the MMC.The presented FPES AVM model has been tested and validated by comparison with a detailed IGBT-based EMT model.Results show that the AVM is significantly more efficient while maintaining its accuracy in an EMT simulation.
Once upon a time biomass burning in the western Alps:Nesting effects of climate and local drivers on long-term subalpine fires

Background:The present article questions the relative importance of local- and large-scale processes on the long-term dynamics of fire in the subalpine belt in the western Alps.The study is based on soil charcoal dating and identification,several study sites in contrasting environmental conditions,and sampling of soil charcoal along the elevation gradient of each site.Based on local differences in biomass combustion,we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale processes have driven the fire history,while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importance of large-scale or macro-ecological processes,especially climate.Results:Biomass burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of climate,land use,and altitude,but was little influenced by slope exposure (north versus south),soil (dryness,pH,depth),and vegetation.The mid-Holocene (6500-2700 cal BP) was an important period for climate-driven biomass burning in the subalpine ecosystems of the western Alps,while fires over the last 2500 years appear much more episodic,prompting us to speculate that human activity has played a vital role in their occurrence.Conclusion:Our working hypothesis that the strength of local drivers should offset the effects of regional climate is not validated.The homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores that climate was the main driver during the Holocene of the western Alps.Long-term subalpine fires are controlled by climate at the millennial scale.Local conditions matter for little in determining variability at the century scale.The mid-Holocene was a chief period for climatic biomass burning in the subalpine zone,while fires during the late Holocene appear much more episodic,suggesting that social drivers has exercised key function on their control.
Comparison between the Roles of Low-Level Jets in Two Heavy Rainfall Events over South China

Two heavy rainfall events occurred over the Pearl River Delta during 20-22 May 2020: the first was a warm-sector event and the second a frontal event. Based on ERA5 reanalysis data and observations from wind profilers and Doppler weather radars, the structures and roles of low-level jets (LLJs) during these two heavy rainfall events were analyzed. The results show that: (1) South China was affected by a low-level vortex and a low-level shear line during the two processes. The two heavy rainfall events were both associated with a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) and a boundary layer jet (BLJ). The coupling of the convergence at the exit of the BLJ and the divergence at the entrance of the SLLJ produced strong lifting for the warm-sector heavy rainfall, and the strong convergence between the LLJs and northerly winds as the cold front moved southwards was the main lifting reason for the frontal heavy rainfall. (2) The BLJ was the main transport of water vapor during the two processes. The coupling of the BLJ and SLLJ caused the water vapor convergence to be concentrated in the boundary layer during the first process, whereas the strong convergence between the LLJs and northerly winds led to the lower and middle troposphere having strong water vapor convergence during the second process. (3) During the period of these two heavy rainfall events, the lower and middle troposphere remained unstable. Further analysis show that the differences in the intensity, location, and direction between the BLJ and SLLJ resulted in the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature advection in the boundary layer being significantly larger than in the lower and middle troposphere, which compensated for the energy loss caused by heavy rainfall and maintained the convective instability. These findings add to our knowledge on the roles of LLJs in the pre-summer rainfall over South China.
Identification of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family members in grapevine reveals that VviDEADRH25a confers tolerance to drought stress

Grapevine growing areas are increasingly affected by drought,which has greatly limited global wine production and quality.DEAD-box is one of the largest subfamilies of the RNA helicase family,and its members play key roles in the growth and development of plants and their stress responses.Previous studies have shown the potential of DEAD-box genes in the drought stress responses of Arabidopsis and tomato,rice,and other crop species.However,information about DEAD-box genes in grapevine remains limited.In this report,a total of 40 DEAD-box genes were identified in grapevine and their protein sequence characteristics and gene structures were analyzed.By comparing the expression profiles of VviDEADRHs in response to drought stress in different grapevine varieties,nine candidate genes (VviDEADRH10c,-13,-22,-25a,-25b,-33,-34,-36,and -39) were screened based on expression profiling data.Combined with qRTPCR results,VviDEADRH25a was selected for functional verification.Heterologous overexpression of VviDEADRH25a in Arabidopsis showed the transgenic plants were more sensitive to drought stress than the control.Both electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content were significantly increased in transgenic plants,whereas the chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD),peroxidase (POD),catalase (CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities were significantly decreased.Furthermore,VviDEADRH25a-overexpressing plants showed down-regulated expression levels of several drought stress-related marker genes,namely AtCOR15a,AtRD29A,AtERD15,and AtP5CS1,which indicated that they participated in the drought stress response.In summary,this study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and participation of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in the response to drought stress in grapevines.
Study of Differential Serum Metabolites in Patients with Adenomatous Polyps of Colon and Yang-Deficiency Constitution Based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Objective: To study the differences between the serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those without colon polyps and with balanced constitution, and look for biomarkers that can be used to distinguish between the two groups. Methods: General patient information was gathered, and Chinese medicine constitutions were collected in 940 patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy. A total of 119 patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution were included in the experimental group, and 150 patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution were included in the control group. Metabolomics analysis was performed on the fasting venous blood obtained from each patient in both groups. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed on the detection results, potential biomarkers were screened, metabolic pathway changes were determined, and the metabolic processes involved were discussed. Results: A total of 59 differential biomarkers between the experimental group and the control group were identified. The differential metabolites were found mainly in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, and the bile acid 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid was the biomarker that distinguished the experimental group from the control group. Conclusions: With the help of metabolomics analysis, the differential metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution and those in patients without colon polyps and with balanced constitution could be identified. The biomarker 3-oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid may have potential diagnostic value in patients with adenomatous polyp of the colon and yang-deficiency constitution.
Can sieving size affect the determination of soil available micronutrients?

Globally, approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Tulchinsky, 2010; Myers et al., 2014). Soil micronutrient availability is of great importance for the evaluation of soil fertility and the determination of appropriate measures for improving crop quality and human health. The diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic (DTPA) extraction method is used for the simultaneous measurement of available iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in near-neutral and calcareous soils (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978), and the procedures involve soil preparation, grinding, and extraction. The grinding of air-dried soil samples and sieving the samples through a 2-mm mesh sieve are commonly recognized as ‘standard procedures' around the world (Carter and Gregorich, 2008). However, most Chinese laboratories use ground soil samples that are passed through a 1-mm mesh, referring to the methods in Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis (Bao, 2008), as mentioned in some articles (Wei et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017). Unfortunately, the use of the 1-mm sieving method is often considered controversial, and many researchers prefer using 2-mm sieving (Huang et al., 2019). Additionally, soils passed through a 1-mm mesh have generally been used for storage after relevant chemical analyses in China. This limits the interpretation of results obtained from China and their comparison to those from other countries, since soil sample handling might profoundly influence the measured values of these micronutrients (Carter and Gregorich, 2008).
Influence of zinc state on the catalyst properties of Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite in 1-hexene aromatization and cyclohexane dehydrogenation

Rational design of Zn-containing HZSM-5 zeolite(Zn/HZSM-5)with high reactivity and excellent aromatization performance for olefin aromatization is crucially desired. We develop a new and uncomplicated method to synthesize Zn/HZSM-5(IMX/Z5)with superior aromatization performance in the paper. Compared to incipient wetness impregnation(IMP/Z5)and mechanical mixing(MIX/Z5), the asprepared IMX/Z5 presents a higher amount of surface ZnOH~+ species(2.87%)while keeping identical bulk zinc content. As a result, more surface ZnOH~+ favor both the aromatization of 1-hexene and cyclohexane dehydrogenation. For the two olefin aromatization pathways(hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation), it is the first time found both the hydrogen transfer ability and the dehydrogenation ability increase linearly with the amount of surface ZnOH~+ species while keeping identical bulk zinc content. We believe that the linear relationships are essential to design next generation olefin aromatization catalysts.