mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Mean trophic level of coastal fisheries landings in the Persian Gulf(Hormuzgan Province), 2002-2011

Fishing activities can alter the structure of marine food webs by the selective removal of some species. The changes in the marine food webs of the Hormuzgan waters of the Persian Gulf, Iran were assessed, based on estimates of the mean trophic index (MTI) and Fishing in Balance index (FiB), and on landing profile of the exploited marine community (49 species) during the period, 2002-2011. The total landings (Y_t) (R=0.88,P<0.001) increased gradually while the Y_t of carnivores has slightly declined, and the Y_t of herbivores, detritivores and omnivores has increased. Consequently, the MTI significantly decreased (R=-0.69, P<0.05) at a rate of 0.11 during this decade. The MTI showed a decreasing trend, which indicates exploitation of marine resources. The FiB index also showed a downward trend and negative values from 2002 to 2009,which may be associated with unbalanced structure in the fisheries, but an upward trend from 2009 to 2011. The time variation of the landing profile showed two periods with significant differences in their species composition (R=0.88; P=0.005), and based on analysis of similarity, species have been identified as discriminator species, namely Thunnus albacores and Benthosema pterotum. Results indicate that changes in MTI reflected changes in the Hormuzgan landing structure. The examination of the MTI, FBI, and landing profile (LP) temporal pattern suggests that the status of fishery resources in Hormuzgan inshore waters is overexploited, and provides evidence of the probability that a fishing down process is occurring in this area, and that this trend may continue in the long-term. Therefore, environmental fisheries management and conservation programs should be prioritized for these valuable resources.
胃癌组织中癌胚抗原相关黏附分子5的表达与预后的关系

癌胚抗原相关黏附分子(carcinoembryonic antigen related adhesive molecular, CEACAM)家族成员都是高度糖基化蛋白,属于免疫球蛋白基因超家族,在多种肿瘤中均有过度表达。本研究检测CEACAM5在胃癌组织中的表达,阐述其临床病理意义,以期为胃癌的早期诊断及复发与预后评估提供依据。
Artemisinin, GABA signaling and cell reprogramming: when an old drug meets modern medicine

The hormone-secreting endocrine cells (α, β, δ, ε and PP cells) form pancreatic islets, which are strongly involved in regulation of metabolism. Deficiency of insulin-producing β cells is the major cause of type 1 diabetes. Recent progress in cell reprogramming demonstrates the feasibility of generating functional β cells to treat type 1 diabetes [1]. However, a non-invasive in vivo approach for β cell reprogramming is still lacking. Recently, two reports in the journal Cell showed that activation of GABA_A signaling may lead to neogenesis of β-like cells from glucagon-producing α cells [2,3]. Most surprisingly, one of the reports demonstrates that the antimalarial drug artemisinin promotes β cell reprogramming by activating GABA_A receptor signaling [3].
Energy storage materials derived from Prussian blue analogues

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with open frameworks have drawn much attention in energy storage fields due to their tridimensional ionic diffusion path, easy preparation, and low cost. This review summarizes the recent progress of using PBAs and their derivatives as energy storage materials in alkali ions, multi-valent ions, and metal-air batteries. The key factors to improve the electrochemical performance of PBAs as cathode materials in rechargeable batteries were firstly discussed. Several approaches for performance enhancement such as controlling the amounts of vacancies and coordinated water, optimizing morphologies, and depositing carbon coating are described in details. Then, we highlighted the significance of their diverse architectures and morphologies in anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries. Finally, the applications of Prussian blue derivatives as catalysts in metal-air batteries are also reviewed, providing insights into the origin of favorable morphologies and structures of catalyst for the optimal performance.
Role and mechanism of action of leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 in bone

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal organization, osteoclast activity, and bone resorption with little effect on bone formation parameters. Deficiency of Lrrk1 in mice causes a severe osteopetrosis in the metaphysis of the long bones and vertebrae bones, which makes LRRK1 an attractive alternative drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other high-turnover bone diseases. This review summarizes recent advances on the functions of the Lrrk1-related family members, Lrrk1 deficiency-induced skeletal phenotypes, LRRK1 structure–function, potential biological substrates and interacting proteins, and the mechanisms of LRRK1 action in osteoclasts.
Assessment of the methods for determining net radiation at different time-scales of meteorological variables

When modeling the soil/atmosphere interaction, it is of paramount importance to determine the net radiation flux. There are two common calculation methods for this purpose. Method 1 relies on use of air temperature, while Method 2 relies on use of both air and soil temperatures. Nowadays, there has been no consensus on the application of these two methods. In this study, the half-hourly data of solar radiation recorded at an experimental embankment are used to calculate the net radiation and long-wave radiation at different time-scales (half-hourly, hourly, and daily) using the two methods. The results show that, compared with Method 2 which has been widely adopted in agronomical, geotechnical and geo-environmental applications, Method 1 is more feasible for its simplicity and accuracy at shorter time-scale. Moreover, in case of longer time-scale, daily for instance, less variations of net radiation and long-wave radiation are obtained, suggesting that no detailed soil temperature variations can be obtained. In other words, shorter time-scales are preferred in determining net radiation flux.
Effects of axial gap on aerodynamic force and response of shrouded and unshrouded blade

Forced response analysis of a rocket engine turbine blade was conducted by a decoupled fluid-structure interaction procedure. Aerodynamic forces on the rotor blade were obtained using 3D unsteady flow simulations. The resulting aerodynamic forces were interpolated to the finite element (FE) model through surface effect elements prior to conducting forced response calculations. Effects of axial gap on aerodynamic forces were studied. In addition, influence of axial gap on the response of the shrouded blade was compared with that on the response of the unshrouded blade. Results demonstrated that as the axial gap increases, time-averaged pressure on the blade surface changes very little, while the pressure fluctuations decrease significantly. Pressure and aerodynamic forces on the blade surface display periodic variation, and the vane passing frequency component is dominant. Amplitudes of aerodynamic forces decrease with increasing axial gap. Restricted by the shroud, deformation and response of shrouded blade are much lower than those of the unshrouded blade. The response of unshrouded blade shows obvious beat vibration phenomenon, while the response of the shrouded blade does not have this characteristic because the shroud restrains multiple harmonics. Blade response in time domain was converted to frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Results revealed that the axial gap mainly affects the forced harmonic at the vane passing frequency, while the other two harmonics at natural frequency are hardly affected. Amplitudes of the unshrouded blade response decrease as the axial gap increases, while amplitudes of the shrouded blade response change very little in comparison.
Seismic cracking analyses of two types of face slab for concrete-faced rockfill dams

Estimating the cracking capacity of the face slab and recommending effective crack-control measures are important for the anti-seismic safety of concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). In this paper, two-dimensional analyses of CFRDs are performed to simulate the seismic cracking behavior of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) face slab and a type of composite face slab. The composite face slab is composed of a ductile fiber-reinforced cement-based composite (DFRCC) layer and an RC substrate. For this purpose, a co-axial rotating smeared crack model for concrete and DFRCC is coupled with the generalized plasticity model for the rockfill material, and then implemented in a finite element program. The results show that during strong earthquakes, an RC slab is more likely to develop a penetrating macro-crack in its thickness dimension. In contrast, the crack-controlling composite slab demonstrates excellent resistance to seismic cracking, and no penetrating macro-cracks are observed. Major harmful cracks that form in the concrete substrate are stopped by the DFRCC layer in composite slabs.
Distribution of n-alkanes in Miocene loess in Qinan, western Chinese Loess Plateau, and its palaeoenvironmental implications

Neogene eolian successions are one of the most important terrestrial palaeoenvironmental archives in East Asia. However, they have received far less attention than Quaternary loess deposits, especially in the case of lipid biomarker analysis. In order to obtain a better insight into the early-middle Miocene palaeoenvironment, we conducted a study of n-alkane biomarkers from sediments of the QA-I section (Qinan) in the western Chinese Loess Plateau, and compared the results with those of previous n-alkane analyses of eolian and aquatic sediments of varying age. Our principal results are as follows: (1) All QA-I samples contain n-alkanes ranging from C_(14) to C_(35), among which the relative content of short-chain n-alkanes (C_(14)–C_(20)) from microorganisms is significantly greater than that of long-chain n-alkanes (C_(26)–C_(35)) from the waxes of terrestrial higher plants; the main peak is at C_(16)–C_(18). All samples have a relatively lower abundance of medium-chain n-alkanes (C_(21)–C_(25)) than that of long- and short-chain n-alkanes, similar to strongly weathered palaeosols in Quaternary loess and Late Miocene-Pliocene Hipparion Red-Earth; however, this distribution is significantly different from that in weakly-weathered loess of Quaternary loess and Late Miocene-Pliocene Hipparion Red-Earth, as well as from aquatic sediments. (2) Despite some odd-over-even carbon predominance of long-chain n-alkanes in the QA-I samples, the carbon preference index (CPI) values are significantly lower than those of most of the weakly-weathered sediments. Our results show that strong weathering and microbial processes have significantly altered the n-alkanes in the Miocene eolian deposits in Qinan, and led to a significant oxidation and degradation of long-chain n-alkanes and the predominance of short-chain n-alkanes from bacteria. Therefore, the contribution of microorganism to total organic carbon (TOC) and its resulting in carbon isotopic composition should be carefully assessed in future studies.
Petrogenetic simulation of the Archean trondhjemite from Eastern Hebei, China

It is generally believed that trondhjemitic rock, an important component of TTG rocks, is the anatectic product of mafic rocks. However, in many TTG gneiss terranes, for instance, the granulite facies terrane in Eastern Hebei, trondhjemites occur as small dikes, intrusions or leucosomes in tonalitic gneisses, suggesting their origin of in-situ partial melting. Based on the petrological analysis of a tonalitic gneiss sample from Eastern Hebei, in combination with zircon U-Pb dating, we investigated the petrogenesis of trondhjemite through simulating anatectic reactions and the major and trace element characteristics of the product melt at different pressures (0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 GPa). The results indicate that hornblende dehydration melting in a tonalitic gneiss at 0.9–1.1 GPa and 800–850°C, corresponding to the high-T granulite facies, with melting degrees of 5–10wt.% and a residual assemblage containing 5–10wt.% garnet, can produce felsic melts with a great similarity, for instance of high La/Yb ratios and low Yb contents to the trondhjemitic rocks from Eastern Hebei. However, the modelled melts exhibit relatively higher K2O, and lower CaO and Mg #than those in the trondhjemitic dikes and leucosomes from Eastern Hebei, suggesting that the leucosomes may not only contain some residual minerals but also be subjected to the effect of crystal fractionation. The zircon U-Pb dating for the tonalitic and trondhjemitic rocks in the Eastern Hebei yields a protolith age of 2518±12 Ma and a metamorphic age of 2505±19 Ma for the tonalitic gneiss. The latter age is consistent with a crystallization age of 2506±6 Ma for the trondhjemitic rock, confirming a close petrogenetic relation between them.
Timing of the initial collision between the Indian and Asian continents

There exist three mainstream opinions regarding the timing of the initial collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents, namely, 65±5, 45±5, and 30±5 Ma. Five criteria are proposed for determining which tectonic event was related to the initial collision between India and Asia: the rapid decrease in the rate of plate motion, the cessation of magmatic activity originating from the subduction of oceanic crust, the end of sedimentation of oceanic facies, the occurrence of intracontinental deformation, and the exchange of sediments sourced from two continents. These criteria are used to constrain the nature of these tectonic events. It is proposed that the 65±5 Ma tectonic event is consistent with some of the criteria, but the upshot of this model is that the magmatic activity originating from the Tethyan subduction since the Mesozoic restarted along the southern margin of the Asian continent in this time after a brief calm, implying that the subduction of the Neotethys slab was still taking place. The magmatic activity that occurred along the southern margin of the Asian continent had a 7-Myr break during 72–65 Ma, which in this study is interpreted as having resulted from tectonic transformation from subduction to transform faulting, indicating that the convergence between the Indian and Asian continents was once dominated by strike-slip motion. The 30±5 Ma tectonic event resulted in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, which was related to the late stage of the convergence between these two continents, namely, a hard collision. The 45±5 Ma tectonic event is in accordance with most of the criteria, corresponding to the initial collision between these two continents.
The discovery of surface runoff in the megadunes of Badain Jaran Desert, China, and its significance

The Badain Jaran Desert exhibits the greatest difference in altitude of all of the world’s deserts. On the slopes of megadunes in the desert, there are physical and chemical deposits produced by surface runoff. In addition, we have observed rarely-seen infiltration-excess surface runoff in the megadune depressions as well as spring streams at the base of megadunes. We used electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, infiltration experiments, moisture content determinations and grain-size analysis to study the mineral and chemical composition of the runoff precipitates, and grain-size of the deposits associated with the runoff, together with the hydrological balance in the megadune area, and the atmospheric precipitation mechanism responsible for groundwater recharge and for supplying water to lakes. The observations of shallow runoff and infiltration-excess surface runoff indicate the occurrence of strong and effective precipitation in summer, which would provide an important source for groundwater recharge. Several lines of evidence, such as the physical and chemical deposits resulting from shallow subsurface runoff, spring streams, infiltration-excess runoff, and gravity capillary water with a moisture content of 3–6%, demonstrate that precipitation reaches the base of the megadunes through infiltration and subsequently becomes groundwater. The chemical deposits, such as newly-formed calcite and gypsum, and gray-black physical deposits, as well as different stages in the development of fan-shaped landforms resulting from shallow subsurface runoff, indicate that groundwater recharge in the area is the result of long-term precipitation, rather than intermittent individual major rainfall events. Fine sand layers with a low infiltration capacity lead to subsurface runoff emerging at the ground surface. Five factors play an important role in maintaining a positive water balance and in replenishing groundwater via rainfall: effective rainfall as a water source, the high infiltration capacity of the sands enabling rainfall to rapidly become capillary water in the dunes, low evapotranspiration rates due to the sparse vegetation, the fact that the depth of the sand layer influenced by evaporation is shallow enough to maximize the deep infiltration of rainfall, and rapidly-moving gravity capillary water in the sandy dunes. These five factors together constitute a mechanism for groundwater recharge from rainfall, and explain the origin of the groundwater and lakes in the area. Our findings represent a significant advance in research on the hydrological cycle, including groundwater recharge conditions and recharge mechanisms, in this desert region.
Semiparametric estimation of a Box-Cox transformation model with varying coefficients model

This paper considers the estimation of a Box-Cox transformation model with varying coefficient. A two-step approach is proposed in which the first step estimates the varying coefficients nonparametrically for any given parameter a in the transformation function. Then a one-dimensional search of a has been employed based on some least absolute deviation criterion function. The validity of our estimator does not require independence assumption thus is robust to the conditional heteroscedasticity. A simulation study shows a reasonably well finite sample performance. Additionally, a comprehensive empirical study has been carefully examined.
Semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers with siloxane-terminated hybrid side-chains

Three types of semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers were synthesized by incorporating a siloxane-terminated organic/inorganic hybrid side-chain and changing the number of fluorine substituents. A branch point away from a polymer main backbone in the siloxane-containing side-chains and the intra- and/or interchain noncovalent coulombic interactions enhance a chain planarity and facile interchain organization. The resulting polymers formed strongly agglomerated films with high roughness, suggesting strong intermolecular interactions. The optical band gap of ca. 1.7 eV was measured for all polymers with a pronounced shoulder peak due to tight π-π stacking. With increasing the fluorine substituents, the frontier energy levels decreased and preferential face-on orientation was observed. The siloxane-terminated side-chains and fluorine substitution promoted the intermolecular packing, showing well resolved lamellar scatterings up to (300) for this series of polymers in the grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering measurements. The PPsiDTBT, PPsiDTFBT and PPsiDT2FBT devices showed a power conversion efficiency of 3.16%, 4.40% and 5.65%, respectively, by blending with PC_(71)BM. Langevin-type bimolecular charge recombination was similar for three polymeric solar cells. The main loss in the photocurrent generation for PPsiDTBT:PC_(71)BM was interpreted to originate from the trap assisted charge recombination by measuring light-intensity dependent short-circuit current density (J_(sc)) and open-circuit voltage (V_(oc)). Our results provide a new insight into the rational selection of solubilizing substituents for optimizing crystalline interchain packing with appropriate miscibility with PC71BM for further optimizing polymer solar cells.
Effect of furan π-bridge on the photovoltaic performance of D-A copolymers based on bi(alkylthio-thienyl)benzodithiophene and fluorobenzotriazole

The medium band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer J61 based on bi(alkylthio-thienyl)benzodithiophene as donor unit and fluorobenzotriazole as acceptor unit and thiophene as π-bridge has demonstrated excellent photovoltaic performance as donor material in nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) with narrow bandgap n-type organic semiconductor ITIC as acceptor. For studying the effect of π-bridges on the photovoltaic performance of the D-A copolymers, here we synthesized a new D-A copolymer J61-F based on the same donor and acceptor units as J61 but with furan π-bridges instead of thiophene. J61-F possesses a deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level at –5.45 eV in comparison with that (–5.32 eV) of J61. The non-fullerene PSCs based on J61-F:ITIC exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.24% with a higher open-circuit voltage (V_(oc)) of 0.95 V, which is benefitted from the lower-lying HOMO energy level of J61-F donor material. The results indicate that main chain engineering by changing π-bridges is another effective way to tune the electronic energy levels of the conjugated D-A copolymers for the application as donor materials in non-fullerene PSCs.
Conjugated polymers containing B←N unit as electron acceptors for all-polymer solar cells

Polymer electron acceptors are the key materials in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). In this review, we focused on introducing the principle of boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N), and summarizing our recent research on polymer electron acceptors containing B←N unit for efficient all-PSC devices. Two approaches have been reported to design polymer electron acceptors using B←N unit. One is to replace a C–C unit by a B←N unit in conjugated polymers to transform a polymer electron donor to a polymer electron acceptor. The other approach is to construct novel electron-deficient building block based on B←N unit for polymer electron acceptors. The polymer electron acceptors containing B←N unit showed tunable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and exhibited excellent all-PSC device performance with power conversion efficiency of exceeding 6%. These results indicate that organic boron chemistry is a new toolbox to develop functional polymer materials for optoelectronic device applications.
7种气象干旱指数的中国区域适应性

作为干旱问题的基础,干旱指数的确定一直是干旱研究的难点之一,至今尚没有统一的干旱指数能适用于广泛的干旱研究,因此研究干旱指数的区域适用性具有重要的科学意义.本文使用Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment(GRACE)反演的陆地水储量、观测的土壤湿度和径流数据,评估了Palmer干旱指数(PDSI)、基于中国台站观测数据的修正PDSI(PDSI_CN)、自矫正PDSI(scPDSI)、地表湿润指数(SWI)、标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)和气象观测数据驱动的陆面数值模式模拟的土壤湿度(CLM3.5/ObsFC)共7种干旱指数在中国的区域适用性.结果表明: scPDSI在中国地区的适用性最优,但其数值范围明显小于PDSI和 PDSI_CN,需要制定新的旱涝等级分级标准.由于经验参数的代表性差, PDSI和PDSI_CN在中国干旱区和湿润区的应用会存在一定的问题. SPI和SPEI在湿润地区的适用性较好,而在干旱半干旱地区的适用性较差.这是因为在干旱半干旱地区, SPI没有考虑气温异常的影响,因此结果偏湿;当采用Thornthwaite方法计算潜在蒸散时, SPEI会高估气温变化的影响,因此结果偏干. 2000年之前, CLM3.5/ObsFC在中国区域的适用性较好,但2000年之后在干旱半干旱地区的适用性较差.在检测年尺度的干湿变化上, SWI与其他干旱指数表现出基本一致的年际与年代际演变特征.对于中国区域干湿变化的长期趋势, 7种干旱指数的检测结果一致,均显示出明显的阶段性变化特征.但在量值上,不同干旱指数的检测结果存在明显的差异.这种差异既与指数自身的定义有关,也有气候变化有关.
Macroscopic resonant tunneling in an rf-SQUID flux qubit under a single-cycle sinusoidal driving

We experimentally demonstrate the observation of macroscopic resonant tunneling (MRT) phenomenon of the macroscopic distinct flux states in a radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf-SQUID) under a singlecycle sinusoidal driving. The population of the qubit exhibits interference patterns corresponding to resonant tunneling peaks between states in the adjacent potential wells. The dynamics of the qubit depends significantly on the amplitude, frequency, and initial phase of the driving signal. We do the numerical simulations considering the intra-well and interwell relaxation mechanism, which agree well with the experimental results. This approach provides an effective way to manipulate the qubit population by adjusting the parameters of the external driving field.