mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Haplotypes at the 5′-Flanking Region of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorγGene and Their Association with the Growth and Body Composition Traits in Chickens

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)is an important regulator of chicken preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.In this study,polymorphisms were detected by DNA sequencing,PCR-RFLP and some other methods and three polymorphisms(g.-1784_-1768del17,c.-1241G>A and c.-75G>A)were found in the 5′flanking region of PPARγgene.Growth and body composition traits were measured in the 8th-10th generation populations of the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines were divergently selected for abdominal fat content.Polymorphisms among individuals were screened in the above populations.The haplotype-based association analysis on growth and body composition traits was carried out.The association analysis showed that haplotypes based on three polymorphisms at 5′flanking region of PPARγgene were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight(AFW),abdominal fat percentage(AFP,AFW/BW7),liver weight(LW),liver weight percentage(LFP,LW/BW7),shank length(ShL),femur weight(FeW),keel length(KeL),and metatarsus circle(MeC)(P<0.05)and suggestive significantly associated with pectoralis major weight(PMaW),pectoralis minor weight(PMiW),pectoralis minor weight percentage(PMiWP,PMiW/BW7),and metatarsus length(MeL)(P<0.2).The least square analysis showed that the birds with BGA haplotype had significantly higher AFW and AFP than the birds with other haplotypes(P<0.05).The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher LW and LW/BW than the birds with other haplotypes(P<0.05).The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher PMiW and PMiW/BW than the birds with other haplotypes(P<0.05).The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher ShL,FeW,MeL,MeC and KeL than the birds with AGG haplotypes(P<0.05).The results in this study revealed that QTL affecting fatness traits may exist in 5′flanking region of PPARγgene in chickens and PPARγgene might be one of the genes having important influences on the growth and bone traits in chickens.
急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆人CXC趋化因子配体16检测及其临床意义

ACS包括UAP、NSTEMI和STEMI,是严重威胁人类生命的重大疾病之一,其病变为动脉粥样硬化形成基础上的粥样斑块不稳定、破裂和继发血栓形成.人CXC趋化因子配体16(CXC chemokine ligand16,CXCL16)是属于CXC趋化因子亚家族的重要成员,它以可溶性或跨膜表达2种形式存在,具有趋化因子、清道夫受体及黏附分子等3种分子的功能,在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起重要作用[1-2].可溶性CXCL16进入血液循环后其浓度稳定且可达1 μg/L以上,但血清CXCL16能否成为一种冠心病的无创诊断标志目前尚存在争议[1].Sheikine等[3]发现冠心病,包括ACS及稳定型心绞痛患者血浆CXCL16水平均低于健康对照组[3].但随后的研究却发现冠心病患者的血浆CXCL16水平显著高于健康对照组,尤其是ACS患者[4-5].本研究采用ELISA法定量检测ACS患者血浆CXCL16水平,探讨血浆CXCL16水平与ACS之间的关系.
Current treatment of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic disease featuring recurrent inflammation of the colonic mucosa.The goal of medical treatment is to rapidly induce a steroid-free remission while at the same time preventing complications of the disease itself and its treatment.The choice of treatment depends on severity,localization and the course of the disease.For proctitis,topical therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)compounds is used.More extensive or severe disease should be treated with oral and local 5-ASA compounds and corticosteroids to induce remission.Patients who do not respond to this treatment require hospitalization.Intravenous steroids or,when refractory,calcineurin inhibitors(cyclosporine,tacrolimus),tumor necrosis factor-αantibodies(infliximab)or immunomodulators(azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine)are then called for.Indications for emergency surgery include refractory toxic megacolon,perforation,and continuous severe colorectal bleeding.Close collaboration between gastroenterologist and surgeon is mandatory in order not to delay surgical therapy when needed.This article is intended to give a general,practice-orientated overview of the key issues in ulcerative colitis treatment.Recommendations are based on published consensus guidelines derived from national and international guidelines on the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Artemis美容修复树脂修复前牙的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨Artemis美容修复树脂用于前牙修复的临床疗效。方法:门诊选择150例198颗前牙的牙体缺损（Ⅲ、Ⅳ、 Ⅴ类洞），前牙的色泽异常（四环素牙、死髓牙），前牙形态异常（畸形、扭转），前牙小间隙的病例，采用Artemis美容修复树脂进行修复，分别于半年、1年和2年对修复体进行临床观察。结果:Artemis美容修复树脂用于前牙修复的2年成功率为91．4％，获得了自然逼真的牙齿美容效果。结论:前牙修复中美学基本理论，比色技术，充填技术，黏结技术等是影响前牙修复后美学效果的关键。
经颈静脉肝内门体分流术的禁忌证及并发症

门静脉高压症(portal hypertention，PH)是由门静脉压力增高引起的一组症候群，主要临床表现有脾脏肿大、门腔侧支循环形成及腹水。各种原因引起的肝硬化是PH最主要的病因，约占PH病因的90％以上。[取自正文]
主动脉内球囊反搏在冠心病高危患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在冠心病高危患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中的应用时机。方法本文前瞻性随机研究,选择我院2007年1月至2010年1月行OPCABG的冠心病高危患者60例,均分为主动性植入IABP组(A组)和常规处理组(B组)。比较两组患者的临床资料及预后。结果B组正性肌力药物辅助时间、IABP使用时间、机械通气时间、住ICU时间、围术期死亡率及围术期心肌梗死发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05);而术后1年生存率明显低于A组(P<0.05)。结论主动性植入IABP可改善冠心病高危患者行OPCABG的预后。
钒对小鼠肝微粒体代谢酶的影响

钒化合物在工业上可用作化学试剂、催干剂、催化剂、还原剂和媒染剂等,陶瓷工业广泛用作釉料,这些工业排出的"三废"造成钒对环境的污染。天然岩石的风化,煤、石油等燃料的燃烧,钒钛磁铁矿等含钒矿物的开采等都造成了钒对环境的污染。元素钒的化学迁移性很强,可以在水、大气、土壤及生物体所构成的环境圈内迁移,形成污染循环。进入环境介质中的钒,可通过降雨作用、土壤吸附作用、植物根系作用及食物链而进入生物体和人体。研究表明钒排泄缓慢,容易在组织中蓄积,进入人和动物体内的钒主要在胃、肾、肝和肺中累积,当钒在体内的累积达一定量时,可损害人和动物健康。有关钒的毒性作用的研究报道多为机体中毒的症状和病理变化方面。例如接触钒的人可以发生皮炎、剧烈瘙痒,出现呼吸道、消化道和神经系统症状,损害造血系统,改变新陈代谢及生化机能,抑制繁殖能力和生长发育,甚至致死。钒对机体酶活力影响的研究报道较少,但未见钒对肝微粒体代谢酶影响的报道。本研究以观察偏钒酸铵对小鼠肝微粒体代谢酶的影响,为环境钒污染的安全性评价提供参考。
玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

目的研究玉米赤霉烯酮(F-2毒素)对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响。方法将(8只/批)6~8周龄清洁级昆明妊娠4 d小鼠处死,挑选形态良好的8-细胞(8-细胞期是早期胚胎发育过程中便于观察及深入开展胚胎在发育生物学、胚胎移植、转基因动物等领域研究工作的最佳阶段)。胚胎,采用微滴培养法,将形态良好的8-细胞胚胎(10~15个/孔)移入0(溶剂对照)、10~(-8)、10~(-6)和10~(-4)mol/L的F-2毒素培养液(含5%人输卵管液+10%胎牛血清)中,记录囊胚形成数及囊胚脱带数,并计算囊胚形成率和囊胚脱带率。每个剂量设5个平行。结果与溶剂对照组比较,F-2毒素浓度在10~(-4)和10~(-6)mol/L时囊胚形成率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);F-2毒素浓度在10~(-8)、10~(-6)和10~(-4)mol/L时,囊胚脱带率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。囊胚形成率和囊胚脱带率均随着F-2毒素浓度的升高呈下降趋势。结论F-2毒素在小鼠胚胎发育过程中具有毒性作用。
白细胞介素-8与大肠癌关系的研究进展

大肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其病死率较高。它在欧美等发达国家的发病率较高,而在亚、非、拉等不发达国家发病率较低。在我国,随着经济与社会的发展,人们生活方式不断改变,大肠癌的发病率也逐渐升高。因此关于大肠癌发生、发展的研究成为当前的热点。近年来,国内外有不少研究表明白细胞介素(interleukin,IL) -8与大肠癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移以及血管形成等生物学行为密切相关;血清IL -8的水平与大肠癌的发生、发展、预后有关,可作为大肠癌术后随访观察及判断预后的指标之一,因而具有重要的临床意义,有望成为治疗大肠癌的新靶点。因此,本文围绕以上几个方面作一综述。
臭氧置血治疗腔隙性脑梗死伴脑动脉硬化的临床观察

目的观察臭氧置血治疗腔隙性脑梗死伴脑动脉硬化患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法将130例腔隙性脑梗死伴脑动脉硬化患者随机分为两组,两组均使用尼莫地平改善脑循环、阿司匹林抗血小板聚集、阿托伐他汀钙调血脂等口服药物治疗,在此基础上对照组使用活血化瘀、营养脑细胞药物等治疗,臭氧置血组给予臭氧置血疗法,观察两组疗效及安全性。结果臭氧置血组在控制腔隙性脑梗死伴脑动脉硬化患者不适症状方面(总有效率为90. 6%)与对照组(总有效率80. 3%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且无明显不良反应。同时臭氧置血组大大降低患者住院率,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论臭氧置血疗法可以明显改善腔隙性脑梗死伴脑动脉硬化患者出现的不适症状,对控制脑动脉硬化方面有明显疗效,同时大大降低患者再次住院率。
与成肌细胞共培养诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化

目的通过不同比例的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)与成肌细胞(skeletal myoblast,SM)共培养,评价MSCs向SM分化的可行性。方法采用贴壁培养法获取纯化的MSCs,多步酶消化法并差速贴壁法获取纯化的SM,实验组采用第4代MSCs,经DAPI标记后与SM按2:1、1:1、1:2的比例共培养,显微镜下观察细胞形态,共培养后第5天,通过细胞免疫荧光染色和RT-PCR方法检测成肌细胞特异性分子Desmin的表达情况。同时采用MSCs和SM单独培养作为阴性和阳性对照组。结果(1)实验组细胞镜下形态与对照组无明显差异;(2)细胞免疫荧光染色显示实验组存在DAPI与Desmin双阳性细胞,在共培养第5天时可见MSCs分化率分别为(27.71±1.51)%、(36.77±0.97)%、(51.63±1.31)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)RT-PCR结果显示,共培养的SM比例越高,Desmin基因表达量越高。结论MSCs与SM细胞共培养可以诱导其向SM分化,SM细胞比例越高,MSCs分化率越高。
Castleman病误诊为淋巴瘤1例

本例患者在我院经淋巴结病理活检确诊后,选择标准CHOP方案化疗(环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱、泼尼松)为主的治疗方法,同时给予抗感染、纠正贫血、补充营养等对症支持治疗。患者目前一般状况良好,化疗后淋巴结明显缩小,全身乏力等症状明显好转。笔者将对本病例进行进一步随访,观察其长期疗效及预后情况。
肠道免疫与HIV感染的关系

艾滋病(acquired immure deficiency syndrome, AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)引起的一种慢性传染性疾病。其致病机制是以外周血的CD4~+T细胞减少为主,致各种机会性感染和多器官功能衰竭而死亡。本文对HIV致病机制的重新定位,HIV感染者胃肠道结构和功能的异常对AIDS的发生、发展和转归的重要作用作一综述。
频谱与彩色多普勒结合在胎儿三尖瓣反流检查中的应用

目的研究频谱多普勒与彩色多普勒技术相结合的检查方式能否提高胎儿三尖瓣反流检出率。方法利用彩色多普勒技术及频谱多普勒与彩色多普勒技术相结合两种检查方式对147例正常胎儿心脏四腔心切面进行观察,分别记录两种检查方式所观察到的三尖瓣反流例数。结果单独使用彩色多普勒对胎儿三尖瓣反流的检出率为25.85%,频谱多普勒与彩色多普勒相结合对胎儿三尖瓣反流的检出率为46.26%;频谱多普勒与彩色多普勒相结合的检查方式较单独使用彩色多普勒对胎儿三尖瓣反流具有更高的检出率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利用频谱多普勒与彩色多普勒相结合的检查方式可以显著提高超声心动图对胎儿三尖瓣反流的检出率。
健脾益肾汤与活血汤对肾硬化的作用

目的探讨健脾益肾汤与活血汤对阿霉素肾硬化大鼠的作用及其机制。方法24只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、肾硬化组、健脾益肾汤组和活血汤组,复制阿霉素肾硬化模型,用健脾益肾汤和活血汤进行干预,观察肾组织病理改变,检测肾组织III、IV型胶原蛋白表达水平。结果肾硬化组的尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾组织病理改变和III、IV型胶原蛋白表达水平均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);两药物治疗组均较肾硬化组明显减轻(P<0.05);活血汤组的肾损伤指数和肾组织III型、IV型胶原蛋白表达较健脾益肾汤组明显减轻(P<0.05)。结论活血汤、健脾益肾汤均能改善阿霉素肾硬化大鼠的肾功能和肾组织病理损害,减轻肾脏组织纤维化,活血汤效果明显优于健脾益肾汤,其作用机制可能与降低肾组织III型、IV型胶原蛋白表达有关。
核因子-κBp65和音猬因子在食管鳞癌中的表达及其意义

细胞核因子-κB(NF-KB)和音猬因子(SHH)信号通路参与了多种肿瘤的发生和发展。本研究旨在探讨它们在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其意义。
肝癌转移复发的生物学研究进展

原发性肝癌(简称肝癌)占全球恶性肿瘤发病率的第5位,死亡率的第2位,是我国恶性肿瘤第二大死因。肝切除是治疗肝癌的最好手段,但肝癌根治性切除后5年转移复发率接近70%,因此,肝癌的转移复发仍是影响长期疗效的主要障碍。
Chemical constituents from the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus and their effects on NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1

A new isopimarane-type diterpene(liwariverol,1) and eight known compounds were isolated and characterized from the EtOAc extract of the whole plant oi Potamogeton crispus.The structure of 1 was elucidated to be 17-hydroxy-8αH-isopimara-9(11),15- diene by means of spectroscopic methods.Among the isolates,crenulatoside A(2),an acyclic sesquiterpene glycoside,was found to have anti-oxidative activity with enhancement of the expression of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells at 100μmol/L after a 24-h incubation.
国产司帕沙星注射液与氧氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的细菌学疗效比较的Meta分析

目的:分析比较国产司帕沙星注射液与氧氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的细菌学疗效。方法:应用RevMan4.2软件对国内1993-2011年12月7项国产司帕沙星注射液和氧氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的研究进行Meta分析。结果:同质性检验:χ~2=2.32,df=6,P=0.89;合并效应量的估计:RR合并=1.04(95%CI为0.98~1.12);RR合并的检验Z=1.26,P=0.21>0.05。结论:国产司帕沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的细菌学疗效与氧氟沙星注射液相当。
住院患者住院费用增长的原因及对策

目的:分析住院患者住院费用增长的原因并提出相应的对策。方法:对某院2009-2011年住院患者住院费用分类统计,并对平均日住院费用中药品费用、诊治费、检查费、化验费等费用构成比及增长情况进行统计分析和排序。结果:2009-2011年,每年住院费用都在增长,药费均是增长占比最大的项目,但每年的药费比变化不大。结论:控制药费增长是扼制住院患者住院费用增长的关键环节。
熊果酸自微乳给药系统的制备及质量评价

目的制备熊果酸自微乳制剂并对其进行质量评价。方法通过溶解度试验、油和表面活性剂配伍试验,绘制伪三元相图,筛选熊果酸自微乳的处方组成;通过粒径分布和载药量优化熊果酸自微乳处方;并对熊果酸自微乳的理化性质及体外溶出进行了考察。结果熊果酸自微乳处方中油相为油酸乙酯(15.0%),乳化剂为Cremophor EL(40.0%),助乳化剂为transcutol P(45%),熊果酸质量分数为10 mg/g。自微乳化后粒径为23 nm,zeta电位为-5.35.mv;体外释放结果表明熊果酸自微乳制剂能明显提高药物的溶出。结论所制备的熊果酸自微乳粒径小、溶出快,符合良好自微乳制剂的要求。
落地生根总黄酮提取工艺及其清除自由基作用的研究

目的研究落地生根总黄酮超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。方法在单因素试验的基础上,选用L_9(3~4)正交实验对落地生根总黄酮的提取工艺条件进行优选,以总黄酮获得率为指标,考察料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间对总黄酮获得率的影响;研究落地生根中黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基、超氧自由基的清除作用。结果落地生根总黄酮最佳提取工艺:料液比为1:70、含乙醇量为70%、提取温度为60℃、提取时间为120 min时,总黄酮提取能达到9.60 mg/g;落地生根黄酮类化合物对自由基清除作用随着黄酮浓度的增大而表现出明显的量效关系。总黄酮质量浓度为100.5 μg/mL时,对羟基自由基、超氧自由基的清除作用分别为96.8%和26.0%。结论本实验所建立的提取工艺合理、可行,实验结果重复性较好;落地生根总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化能力,且黄酮类化合物的添加量在实验范围内与其抗氧化性呈正相关。
葛根散等3首解酒方对急性酒精中毒小鼠CaSpaSe3/8活性的影响

目的探索葛根散等3首解酒方对急性酒精中毒小鼠Caspase3和Caspase8活性的影响。方法以小鼠活动状态和血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平为参考指标,制备急性酒精中毒小鼠模型,分别给予葛根散、石膏汤、葛花解醒汤水煎剂灌胃干预,检测小鼠肝组织Caspase3/8活性。结果(1)所有造模小鼠出现嗜睡、步态蹒跚、活性减少、身子发抖等状态,模型对照组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平较正常对照组显著升高(P< 0.01);3首解酒方一定剂量组实验小鼠血清ALT/AST水平明显降低(P<0.01),且具有剂量差异性。(2)急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝组织Caspase3/8活性较正常对照组显著升高(P<0.01);3首解酒方一定剂量组小鼠肝组织Caspase3或,和Caspar活性较模型对照组显著降低(P<0.01),且具有剂量差异性。(3)Caspase3活性以葛根散大剂量组降低幅度最大,而Caspase8活性则以葛花解酲汤大剂量组降低幅度最大。结论急性酒精中毒小鼠肝组织CaSpase3/8活性显著升高,葛根散、石膏汤、葛花解酲汤水煎剂分别对其具有明显抑制作用,这可能是各方抑制肝细胞凋亡、防治酒精性肝损伤的部分机制。
中药材中5种重金属含量ICP-MS法测定

中药材中重金属含量超标已成为影响传统中药走向世界的重要问题。近年来,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)越来越受到重视,该方法在中药微量元素分析中已被广泛应用。采用四极杆型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)配合八极杆碰撞/反应池(collision/reaction cell octopole reaction system,ORS)消干扰技术则可以很好地消除复杂的中药基体干扰M,准确地测定中药材中多种重金属元素含量。本实验采用微波消解,ORS/ICP-MS法对福建产泽泻、薏苡、乌梅、绞股蓝4种中药材中铅、镉、砷、铜、镍5种重金属元素含量进行测定,建立中药材中5种重金属元素的检测方法,为福建中药材的检测和安全性评价提供一个可靠的技术手段。
国家重大科研仪器设备研制专项立项及管理工作的若干思考

在国家财政部等部门的支持下,2011年,国家自然科学基金委员会(以下简称自然科学基金委)启动了国家重大科研仪器设备研制专项(以下简称重大仪器专项),首批9个项目已于2012年正式启动。
肌电图在鉴别诊断运动神经元病、排骨肌萎缩症和脊髓灰质炎后综合征中的价值

目的探讨神经肌电图在诊断和鉴别运动神经元病(motor neuron disease,MND)、腓骨肌萎缩症(charcot-marie-tooth disease,CMT)和脊髓灰质炎后综合征(post-polio syndrome,PPS)中的应用价值。方法收集西南医院247例神经内科门诊就诊时临床表现以下肢肌无力伴或不伴肌萎缩的患者资料,对其神经肌电图检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果本组经临床及肌电图确诊为MND 106例,CMT 96例,PPS 45例。所有患者肌电图可见神经源性损害。MND患者肌电图以上肢异常率为最高(88.21%),感觉神经功能正常;CMT患者肌电图下肢异常率高于上肢(P<0.01),运动神经及感觉神经功能均出现不同程度异常;PPS肌电图以下肢肌异常率最高(86.67%),神经传导功能多正常。结论神经肌电图检查对临床诊断及鉴别MND、CMT和PPS有一定价值。
G蛋白偶联受体家族的发现和结构机理研究--2012年诺贝尔化学奖解读

2012年10月10日,2012年诺贝尔化学奖(The Nobel Prize in Chemistry)在瑞典皇家科学院晓,由于在G蛋白偶联受体研究领域("for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors")中的重要贡献,诺贝尔奖委员会宣布将诺贝尔化学奖授予两位美国生物化学家:霍华德?休斯医学研究所、杜克大学医学中心的罗伯特?莱夫科维茨(Robert J. Lefkowitz)和斯坦福大学医学院的布莱恩?克比尔卡(Brian K. Kobilka)(图1).其中Lefkowitz(出生于1943年)年长Kobilka(出生于1955年)12岁,后者于20世纪80年代在Lefkowitz实验室做博士后研究,两人长期以来一直保持紧密的联系.诺贝尔奖委员会首先通知了Kobilka,而Lefkowitz几乎同时接到了诺贝尔奖委员会的电话和Kobilka通过Skype视频传来的获奖消息.
推导加速度合成公式的“牵连点跟踪法”

在理论力学课程中关于点的合成运动的教学,可采用跟踪“牵连点”的方式来推导(加)速度合成定理.即让某瞬时的牵连点与动点从空间位置上“分离”,从定系和动系的原点,同时向动点和牵连点各引出两条矢径,跟踪牵连点任意时刻的运动.然后将以上引出的四条矢径所满足的基本关系式对时间求导,即得到任意时刻的(加)速度关系式.再将牵连点的条件代入该(加)速度关系式,可导出(加)速度合成定理.该推导方法概念明确、清晰,各物理量间具有较好的“可辨识性”,便于学生理解和掌握.
Upper-bound limit analysis based on the natural element method

The natural element method (NEM) is a newlydeveloped numerical method based on Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation of scattered points, which adopts natural neighbour interpolation to construct trial functions in the framework of Galerkin method. Owing to its distinctive advantages, the NEM is used widely in many problems of computational mechanics. Utilizing the NEM, this paper deals with numerical limit analysis of structures made up of perfectly rigid-plastic material. According to kinematic theorem of plastic limit analysis, a mathematical programming natural element formulation is established for determining the upper bound multiplier of plane problems, and a direct iteration algorithm is proposed accordingly to solve it. In this algorithm, the plastic incompressibility condition is handled by two different treatments, and the nonlinearity and nonsmoothness of the goal function are overcome by distinguishing the rigid zones from the plastic zones at each iteration. The procedure implementation of iterative process is quite simple and effective because each iteration is equivalent to solving an associated elastic problem. The obtained limit load multiplier is proved to monotonically. converge to the upper bound of true solution. Several benchmark examples are investigated to validate the significant performance of the NEM in the application field of limit analysis.
The simulation of gas production from oceanic gas hydrate reservoir by the combination of ocean surface warm water flooding with depressurization

A new method is proposed to produce gas from oceanic gas hydrate reservoir by combining the ocean surface warm water flooding with depressurization which can efficiently utilize the synthetic effects of thermal, salt and depressurization on gas hydrate dissociation. The method has the advantage of high efficiency, low cost and enhanced safety. Based on the proposed conceptual method, the physical and mathematical models are established, in which the effects of the flow of multiphase fluid, the kinetic process of hydrate dissociation, the endothermic process of hydrate dis-sociation, ice-water phase equilibrium, salt inhibition, dispersion, convection and conduction on the hydrate disso-ciation and gas and water production are considered. The gas and water rates, formation pressure for the combination method are compared with that of the single depressurization, which is referred to the method in which only depres-surization is used. The results show that the combination method can remedy the deficiency of individual producing methods. It has the advantage of longer stable period of high gas rate than the single depressurization. It can also reduce the geologic hazard caused by the formation defor-mation due to the maintaining of the formation pressure by injected ocean warm water.
中国钓鱼岛地质概况

中国钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿位于东海大陆架的边缘,东南侧隔冲绳海槽与琉球群岛相望,西南与台湾岛连为一体。周围海域,除冲绳海槽(大部分水深逾1000m,最深2716m)外,水深为100~150m(图1,据国家海洋局等网上资料编辑)。
Exploration of Nonlinear Modeling Techniques to Predict the Retention Time of Organic Pollutants in Natural Water and Wastewater

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Genetic algorithm and kernel partial least square (GA-KPLS) and Levenberg- Marquardt artificial neural network (L-M ANN) techniques were used to investigate the correlation between retention time (t_R) and descriptors for 150 organic contaminants in natural water and wastewater, which are obtained by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF MS). The L-M ANN model gave a significantly better performance than the GA-KPLS model. This indicates that L-M ANN can be used as an alternative modeling tool for quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) studies.
The First Principles Investigations of the Thermoelectric Properties of GaN with p- and n-Type Doping

We investigate the thermoelectric properties of GaN with p- and n-type doping by the first principles calculation and the semi-classical Boltzmann theory. We find that the power factors (S~2σ) of p-type GaN (-3500 μW/mK~2) is about twice that of the n-type (-1750 μW/mK~2), which indicates the thermoelectric properties of p-type GaN would be better. Thermal conductivity of GaN crystal decreases rapidly as the temperature increases, but it is still too large for thermoelectric applications. The figure of merit (ZT) estimated at 1500 K is 0.134 for p-type GaN crystal and 0.062 for the n-type.
Fabry病一例

在中国,Fabry病诊断体系基本建立,但临床认识不足,仍存在较多漏、误诊,所以家系筛查与多学科间合作需要加强。早期明确Fabry病诊断,不但可以避免不必要的免疫抑制剂治疗,减少药物的不良作用,而且还可以帮助患者进行遗传咨询,造福Fabry患者。
Finite-Time Generalized Outer Synchronization Between Two Different Complex Networks

This paper investigates the finite-time generalized outer synchronization between two complex dynamical networks with different dynamical behaviors. The two networks can be undirected or directed, and they may also contain isolated nodes and clusters. By using suitable controllers, sufficient conditions for finite-time generalized outer synchronization are derived based on the finite-time stability theory. Finally, numerical examples are examined to illustrate the effectiveness of the analytical results. The effect of control parameters on the synchronization time is also numerically demonstrated.
Statistical Structures on Metric Path Spaces

The authors extend the notion of statistical structure from Riemannian geometry to the general framework of path spaces endowed with a nonlinear connection and a generalized metric. Two particular cases of statistical data are defined. The existence and uniqueness of a nonlinear connection corresponding to these classes is proved. Two Koszul tensors are introduced in accordance with the Riemannian approach. As applications, the authors treat the Finslerian (α,β)-metrics and the Beil metrics used in relativity and field theories while the support Riemannian metric is the Fisher-Rao metric of a statistical model.
Cultivated land use change in China, 1999-2007: Policy development perspectives

Cultivated land protection (CLP) entered the new era of macro administration in 1999 in China. This paper presents a holistic analysis of cultivated land use change concerning the three goals of the CLP, i.e., grain security, ecological security and harmonizing regional development. Farmers' willingness to grow grain has been the key factor in safeguarding grain security. Grain-for-green policy has contributed to improving ecological state especially in the western provinces. Effects of the land macro-control of the CLP on harmonizing regional development were significant. Moreover, cultivated land use change in 1999-2007 points out the way of the evolving policy in the future. From the viewpoint of normative concept of multifunctionality, we discuss development of the three land functions, i.e., production function, environmental function and carrier function. Finally, we propose to emphasize multifunctional land management based on regional differences to promote transition of the CLP.
Quantitative study on influences of terraced field construction and check-dam siltation on soil erosion

To study the influences of terraced field construction and check-dam siltation on soil erosion of a watershed, we built a simplified watershed model for the Loess Plateau hilly-gully region including terraced fields, slope farmlands, steep-slope grasslands, and dam farmlands, and defined three states of watershed (i.e., pioneer, intermediate, and climax stages, respec- tively). Then, the watershed soil erosion moduli at various stages were studied by using a revised universal soil loss equation. Our results show that the pioneer and climax stages are the extreme states of watershed soil-and-water conservation and control; in the pioneer stage, the soil erosion modulus was 299.56 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) above the edge of gully, 136.64 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) below the edge of gully, and 229.74 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) on average; in the climax stage, the soil erosion modulus was 39.10 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) above the edge of gully, 1.10 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) below the edge of gully, and 22.81 t·ha~(-1)·a~(-1) on average; in the intermediate stage, the soil erosion modulus above the edge of gully exhibited an exponential decline along with the increase in terraced field area percentage, while the soil erosion modulus below the edge of gully exhibited a linear decline along with the increase in siltation height.
Effects of longitudinal range-gorge terrain on the eco-geographical pattern in Southwest China

China's southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between lon- gitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geographical pattern in this region. The 1:50,000 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR), meteorological observation data from the station establishment to 2010, hydrological observation data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) products of MOD13 and MOD17 as well as 1:1,000,000 vegetation type data were used. Moisture in- dices including surface atmospheric vapor content, precipitation, aridity/humidity index, sur- face runoff, and temperature indices including average temperature, annual accumulated temperature, total solar radiation were selected. Based on ANUSPLIN spline function, GIS spatial analysis, wavelet analysis and landscape pattern analysis, regional differentiation characteristics and main-co trol factors of hydrothermal pattern, ecosystem structure and function in this region were analyzed to reveal the effects of terrain pattern on regional dif- ferentiation of eco-geographical elements. The results show that: influenced by terrain pattern, moisture, temperature and heat in LRGR have shown significant distribution characteristics as intermittent weft differences and continuous warp extension. Longitudinal mountains and valleys not only have a north-south corridor function and diffusion effect on the transfer of major surface materials and energy, but also have east-west barrier function and blocking effect. Special topographic pattern has important influences on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial pattern of ecosystem structure and function, which is the main-control factor on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial distribution of ecosystem. Wavelet variance analysis reflects the spatial anisotropy of environmental factors, NDVI and NPP, while wavelet consistency analysis reveals the ontrol factors on spatial distribution of NDVI and NPP as well as the quantitative relationship with control degree. Special terrain pattern in LRGR is the major influencing factor on eco-geographical regional differentiation in this region. Under the combined effect of zonality and non-zonality laws with "corridor-barrier" function as the main characteristic, special spatial characteristics of eco-geographical regional system in LRGR is formed.