mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of Ground Surface Temperature Prediction to Soil Thermal Properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (?) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of A involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of 士2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.
A Parameterized yet Accurate Model of Ozone and Water Vapor Transmittance in the Solar-to-near-infrared Spectrum

A parameterized transmittance model (PTR) for ozone and water vapor monochromatic transmittance calculation in the solar-to-near-infrared spectrum 0.3-4 μm with a spectral resolution of 5 cm~-1 was developed based on the transmittance data calculated by Moderate-resolution Transmittance model (MOD- TRAN). Polynomial equations were derived to represent the transmittance as functions of path length and airmass for every wavelength based on the least-squares method. Comparisons between the transmittances calculated using PTR and MODTRAN were made, using the results of MODTRAN as a reference. Relative root-mean-square error (RMSre) was 0.823% for ozone transmittance. RMSre values were 8.84% and 3.48% for water vapor transmittance ranges of 1-1 x 10-~18 and 1-1x10-~3, respectively. In addition, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGEII) ozone profiles and University of Wyoming (UWYO) water vapor profiles were applied to validate the applicability of PTR model. RMSre was 0.437% for ozone transmittance. RMSre values were 8.89% and 2.43% for water vapor transmittance ranges of 1-1 xlO~-18 and 1-lx10~-6, respectively. Furthermore, the optical depth profiles calculated using the.PTR model were compared to the results of MODTRAN. Absolute RMS errors (RMSab) for ozone optical depths were within 0.0055 and 0.0523 for water vapor at all of the tested altitudes. Finally, the comparison between the solar heating rate calculated from the transmittance of PTR and Line-by-Line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) was performed, showing a maximum deviation of 0.238 K d~_1 (6% of the corresponding solar heating rate calculated using LBLRTM). In the troposphere all of the deviations were within 0.08 K d~_1. The computational speed of PTR model is nearly two orders of magnitude faster than that of MODTRAN.
纤维素高效降解菌的筛选

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富,常不能有效利用,甚至被集中焚烧,造成环境污染,因此研究农田秸秆的人工快速促腐技术对此类资源的再生利用以及减少环境污染具有重要的意义。已有研究表明,利用投加纤维素高效降解菌的方法可有效促进农作物秸秆与稻壳的快速腐解,且经济、有效。
急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者呼出气冷凝液血管内皮生长因子A降低

急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)为临床常见的呼吸系统急危重症。ARDS是ALI的严重阶段,目前缺乏有效的治疗手段,死亡率高达40%。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种特异作用于血管内皮细胞的多功能细胞因子，能促进血管通透性增加、诱导血管生成。ALI /ARDS(感染、脂肪栓塞等因素引起)患者血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中VEGF-A水平变化已有报道。本研究通过测定ALI /ARDS患者呼出气冷凝液(EBC)中VEGF-A水平，探讨其与肺损伤严重程度的关系。
苦味酸携带污染使免疫透射比浊法测定结果偏高

苦味酸法利用碱性条件下肌酐(Cr)和苦味酸反应生成红黄色化合物来检测Cr,是目前国内测定Cr常用的方法之一。该法操作简便、成本低廉,但特异性不高,试剂常常干扰其他检测指标。我们发现Cr测定后进行免疫比浊定量检测时常会出现结果异常增高、复查时又趋正常的现象,经反复试验发现苦味酸是主要干扰来源。
Synthesis, Characterization, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Fulleropyrrolidines Containing Trifluoromethyl Group

Four novel [60]fullerene pyrrolidines containing trifluoromethyl (-CF_3) group have been synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, which have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy, and ~1H, ~(13)C, ~(19)F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR, ~(19)F NMR). Their optical and electrochemical properties have been studied, and the results show that those fulleropyrrolidines containing ?CF_3 group have good fluorescence and electrochemical properties. Compared with C_(60), they have negative shifts in varying degrees for half-wave potentials, and may have potential applications for photovoltaic conversion materials since their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels are close to that of [6,6]-phenyl-C_(61)-butyric acid methyl ester.
Synthesis, Characterization and Ethylene Oligomerization Behavior of Neutral Nickel Complexes Bearing N-Fluorinated Phenyl Salicylaldiminato Chelate Ligands

A series of neutral nickel complexes featuring N-fluorinated phenyl salicylaldiminato chelate ligands was synthesized, and the novel molecular structure of complex C14 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The neutral nickel complexes showed high activity up to 9.96×10~5 g oligomers/(mol Ni·h) and high selectivity of C_6 in catalyzing ethylene oligomerization using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. It was observed that the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the fluorinated salicylaldiminato ligand was able to significantly increase the catalytic activity for oligomerization of ethylene. In addition, the influence of reaction parameters such as Al/Ni molar ratio, reaction temperature, a variety of cocatalyst and ethylene pressure on catalytic activity was investigated.
行星尺度纬圈平均风扰动的传播与南北极涛动

全球大气变量可以物理分解为纬圈和时间平均的气候对称部分、时间平均的气候非对称部分、行星尺度纬圈平均的瞬时对称扰动和天气尺度瞬时非对称扰动.本文分析了对流层顶行星尺度经、纬向风扰动在季节内和年际尺度上的变化，及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)、北极涛动(AO)和南极涛动(AAO)之间的关系.结果表明，来自热带对流层顶的年际行星尺度纬向风扰动与赤道ENSO循环有联系，并通过异常的经圈环流传播到副热带、中纬度和极锋对流层顶.来自热带对流层顶的季节内(40~60 d)行星尺度纬向风扰动也可以通过异常的经圈环流向赤道外传播到副热带和中纬度.来自两半球极地对流层顶的大气季节内行星尺度纬向风扰动可以向高纬度传播.AO和AAO是这些行星尺度环流扰动在中高纬度传播与叠加的结果.
对《中国国家级湿地自然保护区保护成效初步评估中的偏差》一文的回应

基于我国国情，我们提出湿地保护区保护成效评价方法，利用目前在国家尺度层面可以获取的湿地自然保护区数据和全国湿地遥感制图数据，对我国91个国家级湿地自然保护区的保护成效和生态压力做了初步评价，有一定的科学价值和现实意义。杨军等人根据国际上提出的保护区管理有效性评价方法对我们的工作提出批评，体现了作者基于全球学术视角、丰富的实践经验和独特的科研见解，为实现我国自然保护区管理有效性的科学、客观和公正评价做出积极思考。杨军等人对我国自然保护区和湿地的实际情况非常了解，这些批评意见是对我们工作的一种鼓励，也为我们国家自然保护区保护有效性评价工作提供了一些改进的思路。我们的共识在于如何加强湿地自然保护区有效性评价研究和提高我国湿地自然保护区建设与管理的科学水平。但需要指出，杨军等人介绍的“IUCN保护区管理有效性评价”和我们“中国保护区保护有效性评价”有着本质的区别。原因如下
无人系统的自主性评价方法

未来不管在军事领域还是民用领域，用于陆、海、空、天的无人系统将发挥巨大作用.要实现无人系统的自主作业能力，对自主性进行评价非常关键.针对无人系统的自主性评价问题，本文首先对自主性基本概念、自主性评价的意义进行论述，然后对现有评价方法进行综述和分析，旨在基于关键技术和技术成熟度两个方面的分析，采用一种普适性的评价模型"蛛网模型"对自主性进行评价.这种模型通过确定不同类型无人系统评价模型中纬线和经线的数量/数值，可综合处理经线的互耦合、高维度、多样性等因素，对无人系统自主性评价有一定参考意义.
黄河源区水文收支对近代气候变化的响应

黄河源区径流在20世纪90年代以后显著减少.中国气象局台站资料显示，源区平均降水量在20世纪90年代偏低，在2002年后又偏多，近几十年来地表一直持续着快速增温和变湿，以及风速减弱.利用一个改进的陆面过程模式，模拟了1960~2006年来黄河源区及周边气象台站的水文收支，分析了气候变化对水文收支的影响.结果显示，除了降水量本身和降水强度之外，降水变化的空间配置也是影响径流对降水变化响应的一个重要因子.在20世纪90年代径流偏少是与区域平均降水量偏少及降水强度偏弱一致.在2002年以后，源区平均降水偏多，但主要增加在较干旱的区域.在此干旱的区域，蒸发主要受降水量控制，因此大部分的降水增加转化为蒸发了.相比而言，在源区较湿润的区域，能量是决定蒸发的一个更加重要的因子，尽管此区域的降水量部分增加部分减少，但由于快速增温，此区域蒸发明显增加，产流在2002年以后依然偏少.这种影响蒸发的机制和它对气候变化的响应，以及降水空间配置的变化，使得近些年来黄河源区的水文收支不利于产流.
多氮/硼掺杂带帽碳纳米管分子结电子输运性质

利用非平衡格林函数和第一性密度泛函理论,我们研究了多氮/硼掺杂带帽碳纳米管分子结的电子输运特性.结果显示,电子输运性质强烈依赖于氮/硼的掺杂数目和掺杂位置.单氮/硼掺杂时出现最好的整流行为.随着掺杂数目的增多,整流性能显著降低.此外,一些掺杂情形在非常低的偏压下出现明显的负微分电阻行为.
低温制备高效透明铂对电极及其在柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用真空热分解法在柔性ITO/PEN衬底上120℃制备高效透明柔性铂对电极,获得的铂对电极在柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中显示出较好的化学稳定性、良好的透光性及对I3-/I-有较高的催化性能.与染料敏化的TiO2/Ti光阳极组装的柔性染料敏化太阳能电池在100mW cm-2模拟太阳光照下,光电转换效率达到5.14%.相比较于其他制备铂对电极的方法,真空热分解法适用于低温在柔性聚合物衬底上制备铂对电极.
中国南方4种林型乔木层地上生物量及其碳汇潜力

根据我国第5次(1994~1998年)和第6次(1999~2003年)森林资源清查数据,估算了热带亚热带8个省区4种主要林型(马尾松林、杉木林、硬阔林和软阔林)5个林龄组的乔木层地上生物量碳(T_(ABC))与碳积累速率(T_(NEP)).结果表明:(1)4种林型的T_(ABC)均随着林龄的增长而增加,阔叶林(硬阔林和软阔林)各林龄组的T_(ABC)均大于针叶林(马尾松林与杉木林)相应林龄组的水平,并且这种差距随着林龄的增长而增大;(2)4种林型的TNEP均随着林龄的增长呈现先增大后减小的趋势.阔叶林成熟阶段的TNEP远高于该阶段针叶林的水平;(3)利用logistic回归曲线分别拟合4种林型的T_(ABC)与林龄的关系(P<0.01,R~2>0.95),预测了2010~2050年各林型乔木层地上部分的碳储量,同时计算同期4种林型的乔木层地上部分年均碳增汇量分别为41.14(马尾松林)、31.53(杉木林)、75.50(硬阔林)和75.68(软阔林)gCm~(-2)a~(-1).基于森林资源清查数据估算和logistic回归曲线模拟的结果均表明阔叶林是更强的碳汇,并且在演替后期具有更大的碳吸存能力.相比于针叶林,阔叶林是我国热带亚热带区域碳汇林的最佳选择.
中国森林植被的碳汇/源空间分布格局

利用1984~1988年和1999~2003年间2次森林详查资料,结合1:100万森林植被图及同期基于CASA模型模拟的NPP空间分布,采用空间降尺度技术,定量估算了1km分辨率下1984~2003年间我国森林植被碳源/汇的空间分布.结果表明:(1)在1984~2003年间我国森林植被是大气的碳汇,碳储量增加了0.77PgC,年均增加约为51.0Tga~(-1).其中,碳的吸收量为0.88PgC,释放量为0.11PgC.(2)我国森林植被碳汇/源分布存在明显的空间分布规律,碳汇面积主要集中在亚热带和温带地区,高值区集中在海南地区、横断山脉地区、吉林境内的长白山脉,大兴安岭南部和西北山地;碳源主要分布在以东北至西南一带上,高值区主要集中在云南南部、大兴安岭北部和四川盆地中部.(3)碳汇强度与NPP的增长存在明显关联性,统计模型表明东北、华北、西北以及中南4个地区的碳汇量80%以上的变化能够由NPP增长驱动来解释.(4)碳汇强度的空间分布与森林林龄分布存在着明显的对应关系,碳汇强度整体上随着林龄的增加而降低.
潮滩动力过程影响下扩散边界层和沉积物-水界面扩散通量的变化

扩散边界层(DBL)控制了沉积物和上覆水间物质的交换,在潮流底边界层(BBL)的动力过程影响下,海洋DBL的厚度变化很大,溶解物质的扩散通量也有很大变化.因此探究影响DBL厚度和扩散通量变化的动力机制是准确估算扩散通量的关键前提,对近海水体营养盐补充和环境二次污染等问题的准确估计有重要意义.利用微尺度剖面仪和高频流速仪等对BBL的动力结构和DBL进行了联合观测.运用线性分布、剖面拐点和浓度方差法较准确地判识了DBL厚度.分别从水体和沉积物一侧计算了扩散通量,两者相差不超过6%.使用PROFILE模式对溶解氧剖面进行了精确模拟,获得了分层的单位体积耗氧速率.结果显示DBL厚度(0.10~0.35mm)和扩散通量(15.4~53.6mmolm~(-2)d~(-1))在一个潮周期内均变化了3.5倍.通过进一步分析动力强迫对DBL厚度和扩散通量的影响,发现在平均流速控制DBL厚度占优的潮滩系统中,DBL厚度δDBL和平均流速大小U成反比,通过拟合得到了两者的关系式δDBL=1686.1DU~(-1)+0.1(其中D为分子扩散系数).扩散通量的变化分阶段受到了沉积物上覆海水和湍流混合强度变化的影响.在主要受湍流混合影响的阶段,扩散通量和湍动能耗散率、摩擦速度和湍动能的变化都有一定的正相关关系.
城市不同下垫面辐射平衡的模拟分析

利用北京市2010年的实测数据,首先对局地尺度的城市净辐射参数化方案(NARP)进行了验证,分析NARP在城市区域的适用性.在此基础上,人为设置4种不同下垫面类型(纯的林地、草地、道路、房屋),在其他条件一致的情况下模拟不同下垫面的辐射差异,以更清晰解读不同下垫面的辐射平衡各分量,特别是净辐射的不同特征.结果显示:(1)NARP模拟的净辐射值与实测净辐射值具有较好的一致性,相关系数为0.98,模拟效率可达0.93;(2)不同下垫面对各辐射分量的影响不同,上行长波辐射的值很大,占到全年进入地表总辐射能量的84.3%,净辐射的年均值在38.2~53.4W/m2之间,其中草地最小,道路最大;(3)城市扩展过程中常见的林地-道路、草地-道路、草地-房屋等转类,净辐射都呈现出持续增加态势.其中,最大增加值出现在5月份,增幅可达24.6W/m2(草地-道路),说明城市扩展过程通常也伴随能量收入连续增加的过程.
温带森林土壤浸提液和渗漏液中溶解性有机碳降解及其与紫外吸收的关系

森林地表溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量及其生物可降解性影响到表层土壤异养呼吸碳排放和矿质层土壤碳素蓄积.研究森林生态系统不同来源的DOC动态及其稳定性对于正确认识森林土壤碳循环关键过程以及对全球变化的适应和响应均有重要意义.由于DOC降解实验的局限性使得当前森林土壤浸提液和渗漏液中DOC降解特性的报道甚少,这将不利于了解典型陆地生态系统DOC动态及其稳定性特征以及与土壤碳蓄积/排放的关联性.
铅染毒大鼠血、毛发及组织脏器铅指纹差异现象

铅同位素比值可被作为"铅指纹"而由体内生物样品追溯外在铅污染源,然其可靠性未见文献报告.以往研究曾发现同一个体生物样品间铅同位素比值存在差异,为确证此现象,了解铅暴露后体内血、发及各组织脏器铅指纹与受试物铅指纹的一致性及染毒剂量对其的影响,研究选取32只SD雄性大鼠分为4组分别按0,30.0,60.0,120.0mg/kg体重每天经消化道醋酸铅染毒4周,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定其血、毛、肝、肾、股骨中的铅同位素比值.结果显示:血、发及各组织器官的铅指纹之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05).血铅指纹与受试物原始铅指纹差异程度与染毒剂量有关,而其他组织脏器铅指纹基本上不受染毒剂量影响.发铅不适宜作为铅溯源的生物标志物,而血铅相对更适于用来追溯外在铅污染源,尤其在高铅浓度暴露下更为准确可靠.该结果为铅同位素比值法进行生物样品铅溯源的研究提供了科学依据.
Nujiangia (Orchidaceae: Orchideae): A new genus from the Himalayas

The phylogenetic positions of the enigmatic “wildcard” taxon,Habenaria griffithii,were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence.Morphologically,H.griffithii is quite “isolated” in Habenaria; instead,it is close to Gennaria,Diphylax,Peristylus,and Platanthera.It can be distinguished from these four genera by its slender staminodes conspicuously longer than the anther,rostellum having two relatively long arms,lip and lateral sepals connate in the basal part,and a transverse cushion-shaped stigma.An analysis of combined plastid and nuclear data (rbcL,matK,and internal transcribed spacer) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that H.griffithii is closest to Gennaria,a monotypic genus restricted to the western Mediterranean and Canary Islands.On this basis,a new genus,Nujiangia,is tentatively proposed to accommodate this taxon.In addition to the taxonomic treatment of this genus,the delimitation of many related genera in Orchideae is discussed.
Simulations of granular flow along an inclined plane using the Savage-Hutter model

In this work a velocity-dependent friction is introduced into a depth-averaged Savage-Hutter dynamical model for shallow granular flows. The process of granular material flowing along an inclined plane and then depositing on a horizontal plane is simulated. The surface profiles and evolution of various types of energy are investigated and compared when using the standard Coulomb-type friction versus velocity-dependent friction. Interestingly, there is a small difference between the two different types of friction.
糖尿病周围神经病变的病理机制与毒的关系探讨

糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一,其国内发病率可以高达85%~([1])。该病变累及感觉神经、运动神经,可以出现多系统的症状。糖尿病周围神经病变常见的临床表现为肢体的麻木、发凉、疼痛、感觉障碍,甚则出现肌肉萎缩,严重影响患者的生活质量。对于该病的病机,笔者认为,其之所以迁延难治,当责之于"毒"邪内盛,耗伤气血,损坏脏腑所致。
ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTO-HYDRODYNAMIC OIL LUBRICATED JOURNAL BEARINGS

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of elastic deformation of bearing liner on the acoustic behavior of oil lubricated journal bearings.Analysis is performed for hydrodynamic(HD) and elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications.Dynamic behavior and acoustical properties are investigated through an analysis of pressure fluctuation calculated from the Reynolds equation governing the flow in the clearance space of the journal bearing.This is solved numerically using the finite difference method with the successive over relaxation technique.In elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication,the finite element method with in iteration scheme is adopted to solve both Reynolds equation and the three-dimensional elasticity equation representing the displacement field in the bearing shell.The results show that the sound pressure level of the bearing is markedly influenced by the flexibility of the bearing liner,the viscosity of lubricant and the load applied to journal.HD analysis shows that the journal centre’s orbit,from a disturbed position,converges to the static equilibrium position faster than EHD lubrication.The results of the present paper could aid in the design of low-noise rotor-bearing systems supported by oil lubricated journal bearings.
大白杜鹃扦插繁殖技术研究

大白杜鹃是一种观赏价值较高的园林植物。通过对比和统计分析的方法研究了插穗类型、激素种类、激素浓度、处理时间、扦插基质、留叶数量等因子对大白杜鹃生根的影响。结果表明:大白杜鹃扦插效果较好的插穗为带老枝的半硬枝插穗,不带老枝的半硬枝插穗没有生根。保留2~3片叶带老枝的半硬枝插穗用Dip N Grow(1∶10)处理10 s在腐质土+珍珠岩(3∶1)的基质中生根效果较好。
不同处理对甜叶菊种子出苗率和幼苗生长的影响研究

通过晒种、温水浸种、种子去冠毛和赤霉素浸种4种种子处理,以不做处理的种子做对照,对种子出苗和幼苗生长进行测定。结果表明:各处理对种子出苗和幼苗生长均好于对照,其中,种子去冠毛明显好于其它处理,出苗率比对照高11.7%,苗重比对照多0.185 g/株,而其它处理间差异较小。由此可以看出,对种子去冠毛处理效果最佳,可在生产中大力提倡和应用。
水分胁迫对芝麻种子萌发特性的影响

目的:研究在不同水分胁迫条件下芝麻种子的萌发特性。方法:利用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)溶液模拟水分胁迫条件,测定芝麻种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、芽长、根芽比等生理指标。结果:随着PEG浓度的增加即干旱胁迫加剧,芝麻种子发芽率、发芽速度、发芽指数、芽长、胚根长、幼苗干重、鲜重等均出现不同程度的降低;水分胁迫越严重,下降趋势越明显。本实验芝麻种子不能发芽的PEG浓度的临界值为15.0%。
植物种子萌发抑制物研究概述

植物种子萌发抑制物是引起种子休眠的重要原因之一。抑制物质的存在虽然对植物种子萌发及农业生产带来一定的困难,但也可利用其抑制作用解决果蔬等在贮运过程中的发芽问题。本文就种子休眠相关的抑制物的产生部位、种类、抑制机理、分离鉴定及其消除的方法等方面的研究进展进行概述,以期为深入开展植物种子生理学基础研究和农林业生产实践提供参考。
热镀锌钢板表面润滑处理及其摩擦特性

模具与冲压件间的摩擦磨损性能极大地影响冲压件的质量。为了提高汽车用热镀锌钢板的冲压成形性能,采用含多种无机离子的润滑剂对热镀锌钢板表面进行润滑处理。通过摩擦因数测量和拉深试验方法分别研究了热镀锌钢板的表面摩擦特性与冲压成形性能。结果表明:经无机润滑处理的热镀锌钢板表面摩擦因数明显降低、具有良好的表面润滑性能与稳定的摩擦特性;拉深试验时其最大拉深力下降、最大拉深杯体高度增大,即钢板的冲压成形性能得到了提高。
肠外营养液中加入ω-3鱼油脂肪乳注射液的临床应用

目的:为ω-3鱼油脂肪乳注射液的进一步应用提供参考。方法:查阅国内近年来的相关文献并进行汇总、分析和综述。结果:ω-3鱼油脂肪乳注射液富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids，ω-3PUFAs)，其主要活性成分为二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸，是人体的必需脂肪酸，具有调节炎症和免疫功能的作用。其加入肠外营养液(Parenteral nutrition，PN)中用于临床危重症患者的治疗，在近年来均有较大进展。结论:肠外营养液中加入ω-3鱼油脂肪乳注射液对临床危重症患者的治疗有广阔的应用前景。
朱培庭治疗胆囊癌经验

胆囊癌是胆道常见的恶性疾病之一，好发年龄为50~60岁，临床上对化疗、放疗均不敏感，仅以手术治疗为主，不仅恶性程度高，早期诊断困难，而且预后极差[1]。朱培庭教授系上海市名中医、国家中医药管理局全国中医胆石病医疗中心主任，从事中医药防治胆道疾病的临床与基础研究40余年，中医理论深厚，治学严谨，师古而不泥古，在汲取中医学精华的同时，不断学习现代医学的新理论、新方法，勇于探索创新，融中、西医学为一体，形成了以中医辨证论治为主、中西医结合为辅的诊疗特色。朱老对本病重视以辨病与辨证相结合，认为"治病必求其本"，疗效显著。笔者有幸跟师临证，受益匪浅。现将朱老治疗胆囊癌的临床经验介绍如下。
中医推拿治疗小儿秋季腹泻疗效观察

小儿秋季腹泻主要是由轮状病毒感染所致，临床症状表现为大便次数增多、量多、呈水样或蛋花样，常出现脱水和酸中毒症状。目前，西医主要采用补液、对症治疗，但对于腹泻症状尚无有效干预措施，而是等其自限好转。近年来，笔者应用中医推拿手法配合西药静脉滴注治疗小儿秋季腹泻取得良好疗效，现报道如下。
Composition and corrosion resistance of cerium conversion films on 2195Al-Li alloy

The Ce conversion films on 2195Al-Li alloy without and with post-treatment were studied and the corrosion resistance was evalu-ated as well. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion behaviors of 2195Al-Li alloy and conversion coating were assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves. The experimental results indicated that after post-treatment the surface quality was improved signifi-cantly. According to XPS, the conversion coating after post-treatment was mainly composed of CeO_2, Ce_2O_3, Ce-OH and a little MoO_3 and MoO_2. The results of potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the conversion coating with post-treatment possessed better corrosion resistance than bare alloy and Ce conversion coating without post-treatment.
危机干预的技术应用

近年来国内的许多医疗机构与临床工作者均面临着突发事件的发生与处理，尤其是医患之间的冲突，尽管其中的原因多种多样、涉及许多方面~([1-2])，短期难以解决，但对于这类突发事件的危机干预则是必要的。本文将就危机干预的技术应用作一简述，旨在提高临床工作者对突发事件的危机干预能力。“危机干预的最低治疗目标是在心理上帮助患者解决危机，使其功能水平至少恢复到危机前水平，最高目标是提高患者的心理平衡能力，使其高于危机前的平衡状态”（Aguilera和Messick）~([3])。因此，围绕这一目标，危机干预过程中所使用的有关心理治疗技术，可根据患者的不同情况和治疗医师的擅长，采取相应的治疗技术，其中包括短程动力学治疗、认知治疗、行为治疗等。例如焦虑、紧张、自责的处理，可以考虑用放松的方法（沉思、自我训练、放松催眠和生物反馈）、镇静或抗抑郁药物、休息和娱乐（参加社交活动、发展兴趣爱好）、行为的脱敏以及安慰保证等技术~([4])。
AMPA receptor trafficking in inflammation-induced dorsal horn central sensitization

Activity-dependent postsynaptic receptor trafficking is critical for long-term synaptic plasticity in the brain, but it is unclear whether this mechanism actually mediates the spinal cord dorsal horn central sensitization (a specific form of synaptic plasticity) that is associated with persistent pain. Recent studies have shown that peripheral inflammation drives changes in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit trafficking in the dorsal horn and that such changes contribute to the hypersensitivity that underlies persistent pain. Here, we review current evidence to illustrate how spinal cord AMPARs participate in the dorsal horn central sensitization associated with persistent pain. Understanding these mechanisms may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating persistent pain.
Expression profiles of microRNAs after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.Microarray analysis showed that 24 hours after cerebral ischemia,there were nine up-regulated and 27 down-regulated microRNA genes in cortical tissue.Bioinformatic analysis showed that bcl-2 was the target gene of microRNA-384-5p and microRNA-494,and caspase-3 was the target gene of microRNA-129,microRNA-320 and microRNA-326.Real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed that 24 hours after cerebral ischemia,bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in brain tissue were significantly decreased,while caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased.This suggests that following cerebral ischemia,differentially expressed microRNA-384-5p,microRNA-494,microRNA-320,microRNA-129 and microRNA-326 can regulate bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression in brain tissue.
Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells to treat a rat model of traumatic brain injury

In the present study, human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were injected into a rat model of traumatic brain injury via the tail vein. Results showed that 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells aggregated around the injury site, surviving up to 4 weeks post-transplantation. In addition, transplantation-related death did not occur, and neurological functions significantly improved. Histological detection revealed attenuated pathological injury in rat brain tissues following human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells decreased. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, along with increased microvessel density in surrounding areas of brain injury. Results demonstrated migration of transplanted human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells into the lesioned boundary zone of rats, as well as increased angiogenesis and expression of related neurotrophic factors in the lesioned boundary zone.
注射用五水头孢唑林钠致严重过敏反应一例

注射用五水头孢唑林钠是我国自行研制开发的新一代头孢类抗菌药物，其化学结构为1个钠离子与2个头孢唑林分子中四氮唑环上的氮原子及4个水分子中的氧原子以配位键螯合，形成6角双锥体，整个分子排列配成隧道式空腔[1]。独特的环状结构将头孢唑林的含硫基团全部牢固地包裹在晶体内部，使得含硫基团完全不会脱落和接触胶塞[2]。与头孢唑林钠相比，注射用五水头孢唑林钠具有更高的稳定性，临床上主要用于治疗敏感菌所致的支气管炎和肺炎等呼吸道感染、尿路感染以及皮肤软组织感染等，也可作为外科手术前的预防用药。其ADRs主要有静脉炎、药疹、药物热、氨基转移酶和尿素氮升高等[3]。由于该病人无药物过敏史，此次用药与ADRs的出现存在合理的时间关系，停药后经对症治疗使ADRs症状逐渐好转，因此推测这是注射用五水头孢唑林钠导致的严重过敏反应。作者查阅文献发现，关于注射用五水头孢唑林钠ADRs的相关报道较少。本例ADRs提示临床医务人员在选用头孢菌素类抗菌药物时，无论病人是否有药物过敏史，用药期间都应密切观察，一旦出现过敏反应先兆，应迅速处理并采取相应的急救措施。
高压氧舱内人工气囊辅助通气抢救急性硫化氢中毒一例

该病例有如下特点：（1)中毒时间短，程度重，呼吸系统抑制明显。该患者进人下水道是为了抢救其中毒的同事，在下水道中停留的时间比后者短，但中毒程度较后者重,其同事中毒后发生浅昏迷，无明显呼吸抑制，经过1次常规高压氧治疗后即恢复意识，连续3个疗程高压氧治疗及内科治疗后痊愈出院。该患者中毒后很快出现呼吸抑制，给予呼吸机辅助呼吸。目前，高压氧舱内配备舱内呼吸机的还比较少，拜科采用舱内人工气囊辅助呼吸解决了患者舱内平衡呼吸的问题，为患者尽早行高压氧治疗提供了可能。目前重度急性硫化氢中毒患者的高压氧治疗，均是在病情允许、呼吸机撤机的前提下进行的~([1-2])，在患者呼吸不平稳的情况下进舱治疗的风险是相当高的，需要由医护人员陪同，还需备有各种应急措施。该患者预后较好，与尽早接受了高压氧治疗是密不可分的。（2）患者治疗过程中清醒早，有短暂的假愈期，后再次出现意识障碍。急性硫化氢中毒后出现迟发性脑病的报道较少，高春锦等~([3])报道11例硫化氢急性中毒、昏迷患者，抢救10 d神智恢复，可以自理生活，有的学者认为脑病发生时间早，系中毒性脑病。笔者认为本例患者有较明确的假愈期，迟发性脑病的诊断是成立的，给予连续、足够疗程的高压氧治疗后患者意识再次转清，预后较好。但是，患者行高压氧治疗的时间长，在治疗过程中要服用抗氧化剂。提示：急性硫化氢中毒危害大，病死率极高，总结本例患者的治疗经验，早期、连续、足够疗程的高压氧治疗是改善预后的关键。
高压氧治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

总之，许多基础与临床研究，无论从减轻脊髓炎症反应，还是从抗细胞凋亡、促进神经血管再生与修复等方面，均已证实高压氧治疗脊髓损伤的疗效，但尚缺乏多中心大规模随机对照病例研究，故应进一步加强高压氧治疗脊髓损伤的机制研究，促进高压氧综合治疗脊髓损伤的推广应用。
Algorithms for Twisted Involutions in Weyl Groups

Let (W, ∑) be a finite Coxeter system, and μ an involution such that θ(Δ) = Δ, where Δ is a basis for the root system Φ associated with W, and I_θ={w ∈ W | θ(w)=w(~1)} the set of θ-twisted involutions in W. The elements of I_θ can be characterized by sequences in ∑ which induce an ordering called the Richardson-Spinger Bruhat poset. The main algorithm of this paper computes this poset. Algorithms for finding conjugacy classes, the closure of an element and special cases are also given. A basic analysis of the complexity of the main algorithm and its variations is discussed, as well experience with implementation.
Flame Imaging in Meso-scale Porous Media Burner Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of meso-scale combustion.The technique of electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) was used to locate flame position and monitor the effect corresponding to varied air/fuel ratio in a meso-scale combustor.Combustion phenomena including igniting,quenching and unsteady combustion have been visualized using ECT.The method of metallization protecting ECT sensor from high temperature damage and the novel calibration method adapted to ECT monitoring of unknown permittivity flame have been shown to be successful.At the same time,electrical nature of combustion and dielectric characteristics of hy-drocarbon flame were studied.The relationship between flame permittivity and state parameters of combustion gas was demonstrated preliminarily.
Separation of Oil Phase from Dilute Oil/Water Emulsion in Confined Space Apparatus

A miniature process for separating the oil phase from dilute oil/water emulsion is developed.This process applies a confined space apparatus,which is a thin flow channel made of two parallel plastic plates.The space between the two plates is rather narrow to improve the collisions between oil droplets and the plate surface.Oil droplets have an affinity for the plate surface and thus are captured,and then coalesce onto the surface.The droplet size distribution of the residual emulsion resulted from the separation process is remarkably changed.The oil layer on the plate weakens the further separation of oil droplets from the emulsion.Three types of plate materials,polypropylene(PP),polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and nylon 66,were used.It is found that PP is the best in terms of the oil separation efficiency and nylon 66 is the poorest.The interaction between droplets in the emulsion and plate surface is indicated by the spreading coefficient of oil droplet on the plate in aqueous environment,and the influences of formed oil layer and plate material on the separation efficiency are discussed.