mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effect of TiO_2 Nanoparticles on Charge Transportation in Mineral Oil and Natural Ester Based Nanofluid

TiO_2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and decay characteristics of both pure oils and SNFs are measured by pulse electroacoustic (PEA) technique. The result reveals that compared with pure oil, SNFs have more uniform in- ternal electric fields with voltage applied and higher charge decay rate after removing the applied voltage. This is caused by the increase of shallow trap density in SNFs, due to the test results of thermally stimulated current (TSC). It is proposed that the electron trapping and de-trapping processes in shallow traps could be the main charge transport processes in the nanofluid transformer oil.
Electrical Aging Phenomena of Power Cables Aged by Switching Impulses

Due to the insufficient information regarding the aging phenomenon of cables caused by switching impulses, we aged 15 kV XLPE and EPR cable samples by 10 000 switching impulses in experiments and tested them. Plus in order to compare the aging phenome- non under multi-stress conditions, additional EPR cable samples were aged by rated AC voltage and current with switching impulses superimposed. We used measurements of partial discharge parameters to monitor the cables’ conditions during their aging process, and the AC breakdown voltages measurement to evaluate the cables after aging. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements revealed the changes of insulation materials after aging. The measurement results confirm that the accelerated aging of cable samples had taken place. The impacts of each individual aging factor are shown through the selected measurements and comparison. The study also helps to assess the reliability of the XLPE and EPR cables under similar condition while serving in power systems.
Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Characteristics in Low-density Polyethylene Nanocomposite Under External DC Electric Field

The dynamic characteristics of space charge in nanocomposite of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mixed with inorganic nano- fillers. Different from previous qualitatively theoretical works, we investigated the influence of trap depth, trap volume charge density and injection barrier height on the space charge and the electric field distribution in the nanocomposite under a DC external electric field (100 MV/m) systematically and quantificationally, through numerical simulations based on a bipolar charge transport model. The simulation re- sults showed that, the increase of trap depth would severely distort the balanced electric field distribution with the highest and the lowest electric field of 119 MV/m and 47 MV/m, respectively. It is concluded that the introduction of nanofillers creates more deep traps, which would block space charges by capturing most of them in the vicinity of electrode and hence reduce the local electric field largely. Further theoretical analysis of the simulation indicates that both the high permittivity and the low local electric field of the nanocomposite contri- buted to the increase of injection barrier height, and almost no charge could overcome an injection barrier higher than 1.25 eV. At last, a mechanism of space charge suppression in the LDPE nanocomposite was presented.
Insulation Diagnosis of Service Aged XLPE Power Cables Using Statistical Analysis and Fuzzy Inference

Cables that have been in service for over 20 years in Shanghai, a city with abundant surface water, failed more frequently and induced different cable accidents. This necessitates researches on the insulation aging state of cables working in special circumstances. We performed multi-parameter tests with samples from about 300 cable lines in Shanghai. The tests included water tree investigation, tensile test, dielectric spectroscopy test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrical aging test. Then, we carried out regression analysis between every two test parameters. Moreover, through two-sample t-Test and analysis of va- riance (ANOVA) of each test parameter, we analyzed the influences of cable-laying method and sampling section on the degradation of cable insulation respectively. Furthermore, the test parameters which have strong correlation in the regression analysis or significant differ- ences in the t-Test or ANOVA analysis were determined to be the ones identifying the XLPE cable insulation aging state. The thresholds for distinguishing insulation aging states had been also obtained with the aid of statistical analysis and fuzzy clustering. Based on the fuzzy in- ference, we established a cable insulation aging diagnosis model using the intensity transfer method. The results of regression analysis indicate that the degradation of cable insulation accelerates as the degree of in-service aging increases. This validates the rule that the in- crease of microscopic imperfections in solid material enhances the dielectric breakdown strength. The results of the two-sample t-Test and the ANOVA indicate that the direct-buried cables are more sensitive to insulation degradation than duct cables. This confirms that the tensile strength and breakdown strength are reliable functional parameters in cable insulation evaluations. A case study further indicates that the proposed diagnosis model based on the fuzzy inference can reflect the comprehensive aging state of cable insulation well, and that the cable service time has no correlation with the insulation aging state.
Low Frequency Dispersion Mechanism of Dielectric Response for Oil-paper Insulation Diagnosis

Both the real part and imaginary part of complex permittivity approximately have a log-linear frequency dependency at low fre- quencies, especially at ultra-low frequencies under conditions of different moisture concentrations and temperatures, which is recognized as the low frequency dispersion (LFD). In order to explain this dispersion, a new mechanism of dielectric response of LFD of oil-paper insula- tion is proposed. A simplified one-dimensional mathematical model of concentration polarization carrier caused by slow migration is developed and solved, which indicates that ion mobility is closely related to the size of gap and the adsorption capacity of cellulose molecu- lar chains to ions. A stochastic statistical model of the carrier mobility induced LFD is also developed. Moreover, actual tests under 50 °C and 2% moisture content were put forward, as well as simulations with according current waveforms. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental data in that concentration polarization of carriers caused by slow migration is the probable cause of low frequency dispersion of dielectric response for oil-paper insulation diagnosis.
Comparison Between Thermally Stimulated Discharge Method and Photo-stimulated Discharge Method for Measuring Space Charge Traps Energy

The space charge behavior of a dielectric under HVDC is influenced by the charge trap energy distribution in it. Hence, we in- vestigated the charge trap distributions in several kinds of typical polymer materials using thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) and photo-stimulated discharge (PSD) methods, respectively. The experimental results show that,there is a significant difference between the trap energy distributions obtained by the two methods, but the difference decreases with the increase of the melting point of polymers. This is attributed to the change of the trap center environment during TSD caused by the increasing movements of both main chains and branched chains in polymers. PSD method is more accurate for investigating charge trap distribution in dielectrics, especially for polymers with low melting points.
腕部高压电烧伤腹部皮瓣断蒂后手血运障碍二例

腕部高压电烧伤后手血运障碍常见,常发生于伤后数小时或数日;而腕部清创、腹部皮瓣修复术后4~5周,皮瓣断蒂时发生手血运障碍则少见报道。本组2例均为腕手部高压电烧伤创面经皮瓣修复后,断蒂术后发生手部血运障碍,分析原因除烧伤致血管损伤外,断蒂手术也加重了腕部血管损伤:一方面可能与止血带有关,高压电烧伤会致血管损伤,特别是血管内膜损伤,而桡动脉在高血流情况下不易形成血栓;但在止血带下,残存的血液容易在损伤血管内膜上形成血栓,导致动脉栓塞。另一方面与术中干扰亦有关,特别在对血管周围坏死组织的清创过程中可能加重血管损伤。因此术中应尽量不使用止血带及不干扰主要血管周围组织。另外,此类患者由于环状深度烧伤,根据北京积水潭医院腕部电烧伤分型标准为Ⅲ型,其侧支循环建立较Ⅰ、Ⅱ型患者更缓慢,因此主干血管栓塞后易造成手部血运障碍。腕部高压电烧伤血管损伤变化是一长期过程,只要创面不愈合、侧支循环未建立或血管无重建,则需密切监测主要血管是否通畅以及手部血循环,尤其在电烧伤早期、清创和皮瓣围手术期,甚至皮瓣断蒂时。一旦发生血运障碍,应立即寻找原因,有条件者立即行血管移植。本组2例由于及时发现并处理,避免了截肢。但另一方面也提示对于Ⅲ型腕部高压电烧伤,早期应对血管进行评估,若有血管栓塞风险,即使手部血供存在,有条件者也需及早行血管重建术。
Effects of lanthanum nitrate on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides under perchlorate stress

To investigate the effects of exogenous lanthanum (La) on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb under perchlorate stress, changes in the growth and physiological parameters were investigated in solution culture experiments under controlled conditions. Different concentrations of La (NO_3)_3 were used in our study. It was shown that 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L La~(3+) alleviated the inhibition effect of perchlorate on A. philoxeroides, including relative growth yield, dry weight of different organs, leaf area and root activity. And La~(3+) prevented decline in the relative chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including F_v/F_m, F_v~'/F_m~', ΦPSII and ETR induced by perchlorate stress. Moreover, 0.5 mg/L La~(3+) showed an optimal mitigative effect, while excess La~(3+) (5.0 mg/L) led to synergistic effect on stress. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between growth indexes and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root activity and relative chlorophyll content (p<0.05). The results suggested that appropriate concentration of La~(3+) could effectively alleviate growth inhibition and injury of A. philoxeroides caused by perchlorate stress, and the mitigative effect of La~(3+) might be achieved by improving root activity, maintaining chlorophyll content and promoting photochemical efficiency of photosystem II of A. philoxeroides under perchlorate stress.
Influence factors of capacity loss after short-time standing of metal-hydride electrode and its EIS model

Considerable irreversible capacity loss was observed after the electrode standing at small state-of-charge (SOC) for only a short term. Influence of SOC, standing time and the replacement elements of LaNi_5-type hydrogen storage alloys to standing was discussed. Charge-transfer resistance, exchange current density (I_0), and hydrogen diffusion coefficient were determined based on the study of electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), linear polarization (LP) and constant potential step (CPS), respectively. The oxidation of metal Ni on the alloy surface after standing was responsible for the rapid deterioration of capacity, charge-transfer resistance and I_0. Galvanostatic, LP, EIS and CPS measurements suggested the presence of an oxide and/or corrosion layer on the alloy surface of raw material and electrode after standing at 0% SOC for 2 d. It was proved that the first small semicircle in high-frequency region of EIS was related to this layer. Novel EIS model in metal hydride electrode was proposed accordingly.
Fabrication of a flower-like Pd/CeO_2 material with improved three-way catalytic performance

Pd/CeO_2 catalysts with flower-like morphology were fabricated via an ultrasonic-assisted membrane reduction (UAMR) and hydrothermal methods. The catalysts were physically characterized and evaluated for three-way catalytic activities versus traditional Pd/CeO_2 catalysts. Flower-like Pd/CeO_2 catalysts exhibited a higher catalytic performance and better thermal stability than the Pd/CeO_2 prepared by conventional impregnation. The flower-like Pd/CeO_2 catalysts were constructed from 20–50 nm thick nanosheet petals. These petals were in turn constructed from 10 nm CeO_2 nanoparticles that self-assembled into the flower-like morphology re-sulting in abundant pores in all directions. The Pd nanoparticles were anchored and dispersed on both the interior and surface of the pores and had minimal sintering. When these catalysts were aged, the structure and morphology of the catalysts remained unchanged with important industrial implications for this new type of material including improved catalytic performance and high thermal stabil-ity. Regardless of the Pd loading, both the fresh and aged Pd/CeO_2 catalysts prepared by the UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited better performance than the corresponding samples prepared by conventional impregnation means.
延续护理对老年全髋关节置换术后患者机体康复的影响

目的探讨延续护理对老年全髋关节置换术后患者机体康复的影响。方法对145例接受全髋关节置换术老年患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将患者分为两组,对照组75例术后自行进行康复训练且定期至原手术单位门诊复诊;观察组70例术后接受延续护理,在延续护理的帮助下进行康复训练,且定期至原手术单位门诊复诊。比较两组患者术前术后的Harris髋关节评分,观察患者术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者手术前至术后满4周时的Harris髋关节评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后满8、16、24周时的Harris髋关节评分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),观察组患者优于对照组患者。对照组患者发生6例(8.0%)术后关节脱位,观察组患者无该并发症发生(0.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论延续护理能改善老年全髋关节置换术患者术后恢复,且具有减少并发症发生的作用。
系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血IL-10和TGF-β_1的表达及与抗双链DNA抗体的关系

目的通过检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)外周血中细胞因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β_1(TGF-β_1)的表达水平,并分析其与抗双链DNA抗体滴度的相关性,初探调节性B细胞(Bregs)在SLE发病中的作用。方法酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测47例SLE患者和20例健康体检者(健康对照组)外周血IL-10和TGF-β_1水平。间接免疫荧光和免疫印迹法检测SLE患者抗双链DNA抗体。结果 SLE活动期患者外周血IL-10含量明显升高,与稳定期组和健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);稳定期组IL-10含量明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05);SLE患者外周血的IL-10水平与抗双链DNA抗体反应值呈正相关(r=0.346,P=0.020)。SLE活动期患者外周血的TGF-β_1含量明显升高,与稳定期组和健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);稳定期组TGF-β_1含量与健康对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SLE患者外周血TGF-β_1含量与抗双链DNA抗体反应值无相关性(r=0.226,P>0.05)。结论 SLE患者外周血中IL-10及TGF-β_1的表达增高,IL-10的含量随疾病的活动程度而增加,且与特异性抗体双链DNA抗体的反应值呈正相关。Bregs的功能性细胞因子可能在SLE的发生发展中发挥着重要作用。
Mtwo机动镍钛器械两种预备方法对弯曲根管根尖成形和封闭效果的比较

目的研究Mtwo标准法和冠向下法预备弯曲根管的根尖成形和封闭效果。方法选择模拟弯曲根管树脂模块20个,随机分成两组:分别采用标准法和冠向下预备根管至~#25(0.06锥度),记录两组根备时间,体视显微镜摄片,采用Adobe Photoshop element 9软件比较根尖α、β区预备量,AH-Plus糊剂加锥度牙胶冷侧压充填根管,染料渗透法评价封闭效果。结果标准法组平均根备时间[(5.96±0.027)min]少于冠向下组[(7.04±0.156)min]。两组α、β区预备量和染料微渗透结果差异均无统计学意义。结论使用Mtwo标准法和冠向下法预备弯曲根管时,根尖预备量和根尖封闭性没有差异;标准法较冠向下法具有更短的预备时间,值得临床推广。
程序化死亡因子5基因表达与非小细胞肺癌患者对化疗药物敏感性的关系

目的研究程序化死亡因子5基因(PDCD5)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及与p53的关系,探讨PDCD5表达与NSCLC患者对化疗药物敏感性的关系。方法收集Ⅲ、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者30例,经纤维支气管镜、B超或CT引导下经皮细针肺活检获取标本,采用免疫组化法研究PDCD5、p53在NSCLC中表达及其关系,分为PDCD5阴性、PDCD5阳性组行实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检查,给予铂类药物联合其他化疗药物进行化疗,治疗周期21 d,共4个周期,观察各组病例治疗后的有效率。结果免疫组化结果 PDCD5阳性表达率16.67%(5/30),p53阳性表达率73.33%(22/30),PDCD5与p53表达呈负相关(r=-0.539,P=0.011)。Real-time PCR结果,PDCD5 mRNA相对表达量在PDCD5阳性组为0.495±0.148,阴性组为0.251±0.213,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022),对铂类化疗药物有效率阳性组80%(4/5),阴性组28%(7/25),差异有统计学意义(P=0.047)。结论 PDCD5可能为抑癌基因,有望成为肿瘤化疗药物的新型增敏剂。
成人胸腺肥大猝死1例

法医学鉴定要点: ①原发性胸腺肥大,重量超过正常者50%以上; ②全身淋巴组织广泛增生; ③肾上腺皮质萎缩,束状带细胞空泡变性等; ④有或无主动脉狭窄、生殖系统发育不全; ⑤排除继发于肿瘤、重症肌无力等可导致胸腺继发性增生的情况; ⑥与青壮年猝死综合征相鉴别; ⑦综合现场勘验、案情调查、尸体检验、病理检验、毒物分析及其他必要的辅助检查,排除机械性损伤、机械性窒息、中毒、疾病等致死原因。
脑心清对自发性高血压大鼠血压、血小板聚集及颈动脉重构的影响

目的:观察脑心清对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、血小板聚集和颈动脉重构的影响。方法:60只SHR随机分成模型组、卡托普利阳性对照组、阿司匹林阳性对照组及脑心清高、中、低剂量组,10只Wistar大鼠为正常对照组。分别给予相应剂量的脑心清浸膏液、卡托普利片、阿司匹林(实验结束前7d给药)、蒸馏水。每2w测量1次鼠尾动脉收缩压;3个月后,观察每组凝血时间、血小板聚集率、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及左颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、腔径、IMT/腔径。结果:给药3个月后,与模型组比较,脑心清高、中剂量能显著降低SHR血压水平,显著延长凝血时间,并能抑制SHR左颈总动脉形态学改变及大鼠血小板聚集作用,不同程度所降低PRA和AngⅡ水平。结论:脑心清能够改善SHR动脉重构,减轻高血压靶器官损害的同时兼有抗血小板聚集及抗凝作用。
三维培养成骨细胞系统在骨康方含药血清体外干预实验中的应用研究

目的:观察骨康方含药血清对三维培养成骨细胞系统生长繁殖、矿化能力和ER-βmRNA表达的变化,探讨成骨细胞三维培养体系在体外中药干预研究中的应用。方法:体外分离成骨细胞,进行二维培养和三维培养,分别用不同浓度阴性血清培养基和药物血清培养基进行培养,使用MTT法检测成骨细胞的生长情况,茜素红染色法观察成骨细胞矿化能力,RT-PCR法检测ER-βmRNA表达的变化。结果:与二维培养体系比较,骨康含药血清对三维体系下培养的成骨细胞的促增殖作用更加明显;细胞ER-beta的mRNA转录水平显著提高;矿化能力更强。结论:三维培养系统比二维培养系统更有利于细胞功能的保持和发挥,更适合于体外中药干预研究中的作用。
行为转变模式在原发性高血压病患者健康教育中的应用

目的探讨行为转变模式在原发性高血压病患者健康教育中的应用效果。方法将100例原发性高血压病住院患者随机分为对照组和干预组各50例，对照组进行常规健康教育，干预组按照行为转变模式的前意向阶段、意向和准备阶段、行为干预阶段和维持阶段实施健康教育。于出院后6个月对两组患者进行自我效能、服药依从性调查。结果出院后6个月，干预组自我效能感评分及服药依从性显著高于对照组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论行为转变模式教育能有效提高原发性高血压病患者自我效能感及服药依从性。
医护患对优质服务病房护士形象性格重要性的评价

目的了解优质服务病房患者、护士、医生对护士形象性格重要性评价，为加强护士培训、护理教育，提高优质护理服务质量提供依据。方法用自行设计的优质服务病房护士形象性格重要性评价问卷对优质服务病房116例住院患者、110名护士、76名医生进行调查。结果医护患对护士形象性格重要性的总分分别为70.78±10.56，69.61±7.11，72.38±10.72，三者比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。医护患对护士形象性格的8个方面的评价呈现出差异（P<0.05，P<0.01）；三者均对有耐心、一丝不苟、诚实、动作敏捷、条理性强这5个条目赋予了最高的评价。结论医护患对护士形象性格重要性的评价既体现出差异，也存在一致性。护理教育、管理者应加强对护士的形象素质、职业素质进行系统、科学的培养。
正性激励在静脉药物配置中心护理工作中的应用

目的探讨正性激励在静脉药物配置中心（PIVAS）护理工作中的应用效果。方法将正性激励机制应用于PIVAS护理工作，体现于管理制度、工作过程、学习培训等各个阶段。结果工作效率得到进一步提升,2012年与2011年护理人员单日工作指标比较，每日药品配置时间缩短30.27 min；2012年与2011年差错发生率、临床科室满意度、每季度PIVAS护理人员职业认同感比较，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论正性激励应用于PIVAS的护理管理，可提高工作效率，增强团队意识，科室形象得到更好的塑造，与临床科室的关系也更为融洽。
机动护士库在手术室专科化弹性排班中的应用

目的应用机动护士库实施手术室专科化弹性排班，提高手术专科护理配合质量,降低手术室护士加班时间。方法由护士长和专科组长实施循环评选法，评选具备中级或高级护士15~20人组成机动护士库,补充各专科小组中，上下夜班、休假、倒连班的相对专科化护士的空缺。结果建立机动护士库后，在手术总量及日均手术量增加的情况下，护士加班时间显著减少（P<0.05），患者满意度逐年提升。结论手术室机动护士库的建立满足了手术专科及亚专科发展的需求，在工作量稳步上升的情况下，显著地减少了护士加班时间，提高了患者满意度。
保暖外套改善等候手术患者体温

目的探讨等候手术患者的保暖措施对其体温改善的效果。方法将60例手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组在手术等候时给予常规的保温护理措施；观察组在此基础上给予预先加温至38℃的外套1件。结果干预后与对照组比较，观察组冷感觉评分显著下降（P<0.01）;干预后5 min观察组上臂网状青斑评分为(1.99±0.13)分，耳温(36.61±0.05)℃,末梢肢体颜色评分为(0.78±0.09)分;对照组分别为(3.01±0.25)分,(36.43±0.24)℃,(0.26±0.05)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论给予等候手术患者保暖外套的保暖措施,可维持其体温在正常水平。
“益元抑瘤汤”颗粒剂的成型工艺研究

目的优选"益元抑瘤汤"颗粒剂的最佳成型工艺条件。方法在确定辅料配比的基础上,采用正交试验法优化辅料加入量、乙醇体积分数及用量的工艺参数,并考察颗粒的外观、成型性、溶化性、水分测定、流动性和吸湿性。结果最佳成型工艺条件为提取物干粉与辅料(可溶性淀粉∶甘露醇∶乳糖=0.1∶1∶0.5)比为1∶2,乙醇体积分数为90%,乙醇用量为13%,所制颗粒成型性较高,于相对湿度75%的室温条件下12 h内含水量低于6%。结论优选制得的颗粒成型工艺稳定、科学合理,所制颗粒六项指标均表现较好,且符合《中国药典》对于颗粒剂的质量要求。
辽东楤木叶有效部位中楤木皂苷Ⅴ、Ⅵ及总皂苷质量控制

目的建立HPLC-ELSD法测定辽东楤木叶中楤木皂苷Ⅴ和Ⅵ量及可见分光光度法测定辽东楤木叶总皂苷量的方法。方法采用HPLC-ELSD法测定楤木皂苷Ⅴ和Ⅵ,Diamonsil-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,体积流量0.7 mL/min,柱温35℃,漂移管温度115℃,载气体积流量3.2 L/min。采用可见分光光度法测定辽东楤木叶总皂苷量,检测波长550 nm。结果楤木皂苷Ⅴ、Ⅵ、辽东楤木叶总皂苷分别在1.253~8.768μg(r=0.999 7),1.251~8.767μg(r=0.999 7),0.1549~1.549 mg(r=0.999 8)呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率分别为99.67%(RSD为1.30%),99.17%(RSD为0.97%),99.57%(RSD为0.53%)。结论本实验采用的方法简便快速、准确、重复性好,可用于辽东楤木叶有效部位中皂苷类成分的质量控制。
Effect of sediment size on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

The effect of sediment size on metals bioleaching from bay sediments was investigated by using fine (< 45 μm), medium (45-300 μm), and coarse (300-2000 μm) size fractions of a sediment sample contaminated with Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Chemical speciation of the metals in bulk and size fractions of sediment were studied before and after bioleaching. Microbial activity was provided with mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioleaching process was carried out in flask experiments for 48 days, by using 5% (W/V) of solid concentration in suspension. Bioleaching was found to be efficient for the removal of selected heavy metals from every size fraction of sediments, where the experiments with the smaller particles resulted in the highest solubilization ratios. At the end of the experimental period, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were solubilized to the ratios of 68%, 88%, 72%, and 91% from the fine sediment, respectively. Higher removal efficiencies can be explained by the larger surface area provided by the smaller particles. The changes in the chemical forms of metals were determined and most of the metal releases were observed from the reducible and organic fractions independent from grain size. Higher concentrations were monitored in the residual fraction after bioleaching period, suggesting they are trapped in this fraction, and cannot be solubilized under natural conditions.
A model to determine the lake nutrient standards for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion, China

Lake eutrophication (LE) has become an increasingly severe environmental problem recently. However, there has been no nutrient standard established for LE control in many developing countries such as China. This study proposes a structural equation model to assist in the establishment of a lake nutrient standard for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion (Yungui Ecoregion), China. The modeling results indicate that the most predictive indicator for designated use-attainment is total phosphorus (TP) (total effect =-0.43), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) is recommended as the second important indicator (total effect =-0.41). The model is further used for estimating the probability of use-attainment associated with lake water as a drinking water source and various levels of candidate criteria (based on the reference conditions and the current environmental quality standards for surface water). It is found that these candidate criteria cannot satisfy the designated 100% use-attainment. To achieve the short-term target (85% attainment of the designated use), TP and Chl-a values ought to be less than 0.02 mg/L and 1.4 μg/L, respectively. When used as a long-term target (90% or greater attainment of the designated use), the TP and Chl-a values are suggested to be less than 0.018 mg/L and 1 μg/L, respectively.
Station 10 lymph node dissections in laparoscopic-assisted spleen-preserving radical gastrectomy for advanced proximal gastric cancer

D2 gastric resection has been increasingly recognized as the optimal surgical treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Dissection of the station 10 splenic lymph nodes is required in the treatment of advanced proximal gastric cancer. Based on vascular anatomy and anatomical plane of fascial space, integrated with our experience in station 10 splenic lymph node dissection in open surgery and proven skills of laparoscopic operation, we have successfully mastered the surgical essentials and technical keypoints in laparoscopic-assisted station 10 lymph node dissection.
对“基于强度参数演化行为的岩石峰后应力-应变关系研究”的讨论

笔者拜读了发表在《岩土力学》2013年第34卷第2期上的论文"基于强度参数演化行为的岩石峰后应力-应变关系研究"(以下简称原文),现有以下3点望与原文作者商榷.
东洞庭湖鱼类稳定同位素的季节变化

水位波动是影响湖泊、河流等水体生态系统功能的主要因子,对湖泊沿岸带及水体与陆源间的物质和能量交换起着重要作用[1],因而也是湖泊生态恢复和生态管理中备受关注的重要问题之一。水位的变化可引起水体的理化性质及生活其中的生物种群结构发生变化,从而导致食物网结构在高水位和低水位时期表现不同的差异。洞庭湖(N 28°44′—29°35′,E 111°53′—113°05′)属于典型的季节性吞吐型湖泊,水位季节变化和年际变化显著,丰、枯水时期水位落差可高达10多米。汛期大片洲滩淹没,湖面波澜壮阔;枯水期,河港交织,洲滩显露,芦苇丛生,显示出一派沼泽化的自然景观。在过去20多年中,碳、氮稳定同位素在水域生态系统中被广泛用于研究生物间的相互关系。本研究通过野外调查东洞庭湖渔业资源状况,比较枯水期与丰水期鱼类种类数及组成的变化, 探讨水位波动对鱼类种群结构组成的影响。另外,利用稳定同位素技术研究不同水文季节鱼类δ~(13) C与δ~(15)Ν值的差异,为了解洞庭湖鱼类能量来源及季节的变化提供科学依据。
鲟源弗氏柠檬酸杆菌分离鉴定及药敏特性研究

鲟隶属于鲟形目(Acipenseriformes),是中国近年来养殖发展较快的淡水养殖品种。虽然养殖技术及条件要求较高,但是由于养殖鲟鱼具有很高的经济价值,而且生长快、肉质好、全身是宝,因而受到广大养殖户推崇。但是近年来随着养殖量的迅速增大,养殖集约化程度不断提高,造成鲟养殖环境不断恶化,使得鲟体质普遍下降,发病率大增。鲟鱼多发细菌性疾病,暴发性强,死亡率高,主要病原菌包括链球菌等革兰氏阳性菌和气单胞菌属几种,因此疾病逐渐成为鲟鱼健康养殖的一大障碍。本研究主要针对养成阶段鲟鱼的一种发病率较高且死亡率高的细菌性疾病进行分析,主要体表症状表现为嘴和口腔内部红肿,四周充血,皮下有出血点,不能活动吃食,排泄孔红肿。本文着重对细菌的分离、16S rDNA基因系列、致病性及药敏特性等进行报道,以期为该病的防治提供参考依据。
南极磷虾种群生物学研究进展Ⅱ—繁殖

南极磷虾通常是指南极大磷虾(Euphausia superbaDana,1852)(下简称"大磷虾"),平均寿命3—5年,个体最大体长可达65 mm,体重达2 g。大磷虾数量巨大,已成为重要的商业性渔业资源,年可捕量可达0.3—2亿吨,渔业捕捞的主要磷虾群体为体长介于40—65 mm的较大成体。考虑到该种在南极食物网中所起到的重要作用,同时也为了评估资源开发所带来的影响,收集繁殖生物学数据就显得非常重要,其繁殖特征及策略可为资源管理提供基础数据。况且,繁殖特征及种群生殖力对于理解种群捕捞努力量的模式和水平非常关键,其中繁殖特征包括初次性成熟体长(年龄)、产卵期开始时间及长短、产卵种群分布、卵子成熟、性腺发育及季节性模式等内容。目前,大磷虾的性成熟期、产卵期及产卵量(生殖量)等方面开展的研究较多,尤其以有关产卵量的研究较为突出,与枝角类和桡足类相比,关于大磷虾的生殖、 性比等问题则少有研究。为此,本研究着重对过去近40年来大磷虾繁殖生物学,包括生殖、卵巢发育、产卵及性比等方面的研究进行总结和归纳,以期为深人研究大磷虾提供参考,并为进一步掌握其种群结构和补充机制提供基础资料。
科研机构国际合作研究项目知识产权归属问题浅析

国际科技合作中知识产权归属日益引起我国科研院所的关注。本文将从国立科研机构的视角出发,对国际合作研究项目知识产权归属进行浅析,旨在为科研院所国际合作研究项目管理中的知识产权保护提供参考。
白细胞介素-17受体C

白细胞介素-17受体C(interleukin-17 receptor C,IL-17RC)是新发现的IL-17家族受体,组织分布广泛,如分布于大多数血管、淋巴管的内皮细胞、鳞状上皮等。IL-17RC是IL-17F的受体,也可以与IL-17A以及IL-17A、IL-17F组成的复合物结合。此外,IL-17RC还可与IL-17RA组成受体复合物后再与相应的配体结合,从而激活细胞内的信号转导系统。
环氧二十碳三烯酸在心血管系统稳态中的生理功能

细胞色素P450表氧化酶与其代谢产物EETs在心血管系统的稳态中具有重要的作用。目前的研究表明,EETs具有调节血管张力,降低血压,促进血管新生以及抗炎等生理作用。深入研究细胞色素P450表氧化酶与EETs在心血管系统中的保护作用及其作用机制,有助于为探索心血管疾病新的治疗策略提供理论依据。
水

水作为营养学分类中的一种其他膳食成分，越来越多的证据表明其对健康的重要性，因为水不仅是构成人体组织和细胞的重要成分，而且还具有参与人体内新陈代谢、维持体液正常渗透压及电解质平衡、体温调节和润滑作用。健康成年人机体的含水量约占体重的60%～70%，这受年龄、性别和体型的影响，年龄越小，含水量越多，0～6个月婴儿的含水量可达74%左右，3～12岁平均为60%，12岁以后逐渐减至成年人水平。正常人每日水的摄入和排除处于动态平衡。