mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Jinlongshe Granule (金龙虫它颗粒)on Quality of Life of Stage IV Gastric Cancer Patients Using EORTC QLQ-C30: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Jinlongshe Granule (金龙蛇颗粒,JLSG) on quality of life (QOL) of stage IV gastric cancer patients. Methods: This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial included 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer. They were equally randomized into a JLSG group and a placebo group. Patients in both groups received routine Chinese herbal decoctions according to Chinese medicine (CM) treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in JLSG group received additional JLSG, and those in the placebo group received an additional placebo. In the JLSG group, 19 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. In the placebo group, finally the data of 20 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. The treatment course was at least 3 months, and the follow-up duration was at least 6 months in 5 interviews. Repeated measurements of the subscale items and individual items in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) obtained at the 5 interviews were compared using different patient groups, changes over time and changes within one group over time independently to observe the tendency of changes in the scores. Results: Using time as the variant, there was significant difference in 4 functional scales (physical, role, emotional and social, P<0.05), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting and pain, P<0.05) and a global health status/QOL scale (P<0.05) and 6 single symptoms dyspnoea (P>0.05), insomnia (P<0.05), appetite loss (P<0.05), constipation (P<0.05), diarrhea (P>0.05) and financial difficulties (P<0.05). There was also significant difference in these items between the two groups when the placebo group and group over time were used as variants (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Additional use of JLSG on the basis of routine CM treatment could improve the somatic function, role function, emotional function, social function, cognitive function and general QOL of patients with advanced gastric cancer, and relieve the symptoms of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, loss of appetite and constipation.
The Application of Biotechnology in Medicinal Plants Breeding Research in China

Breeding is not only an important area of medicinal plants research but also the foundation for the superior varieties acquirement of medicinal plants. The rise of modern biotechnology provides good opportunities and new means for medicinal plants breeding research in China. Biotechnology shows its technical advantages and new development prospects in breeding of new medicinal plants varieties with high and stable yield, good quality, as well as stress-resistance. In this paper, we describe recent advances, problems, and development prospects about the application of modern biotechnology in medicinal plants breeding research in China.
Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation and In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dried Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus eous

Objective: To evaluate the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of dried fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eous for its anti-platelet activity on human volunteer's blood. And also to analyze the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous by using various in vitro models. Methods: Anti-platelet activity of dried fruiting bodies of P.eous was evaluated by in vitro model using blood platelets. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was monitored after pre-incubation of platelets with the crude extracts of mushroom P.eous. Antioxidant activities of extracts of P.eous were evaluated by different in vitro experiments, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH),superoxide, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide radical models. Results: Crude extracts of mushroom P.eous inhibited platelet aggregation dose-dependently which was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). At a maximum concentration of 10 mg/mL, methanol extract effected 64.02% inhibition of lipid per-oxidation and 50.12% scavenging effect on superoxide anion radical. Aqueous extract of P.eous have shown 69.43% chelating ability on ferrous ions, 24.27% scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and 49.57% scavenging effect on DPPH radical at 10 mg/mL. Increasing concentrations of the extract were found to cause progressively decreasing of the intensity of absorbance. Conclusions: Anti-platelet effects could be related in part to the polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts. Antioxidant activity results indicated the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous which might be due to the high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
Effects of the Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Nigella Sativa on Scopolamine-lnduced Spatial Memory Impairment in Rats and Its Possible Mechanism

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa (NS) extract on memory performance and its possible mechanisms in scopolamine (Sco)-induced spatial memory impairment model using Morris water maze test. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received saline instead of both NS extract and Sco. The Sco group was treated by saline for two weeks, and was injected by Sco (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before each trail in Morris water maze test. Sco+NS 200 and Sco+NS 400 groups were daily treated by 200 or 400 mg/kg of NS (intraperitoneally) for two weeks, respectively, and were finally injected by Sco 30 min before Morris water maze test. The brains of animals were removed to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress criteria in cortical tissues. Results: Time latency and path length in the Sco group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01), while the Sco+NS 400 group showed a significantly shorter traveled path length and time latency compared with the Sco group (P<0.01). AChE activity in the cortical tissues of the Sco group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01), while AChE activity in the Sco+NS 200 and Sco+NS 400 groups was lower than the Sco group (P<0.01). Following Sco administration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were increased (P<0.01) in comparison with the control group, while cortical total thiol content decreased (P<0.01). Pretreatment with extracts caused a significant elevation in cortical total thiol content (P<0.01) and reduction in cortical MDA concentration (P<0.01) compared with the Sco group. Conclusions: Hydro-alcoholic extract of NS prevents Sco-induced spatial memory deficits and decreases the AChE activity as well as oxidative stress of brain tissues in rats. Our results support the traditional belief about the beneficial effects of NS in nervous system. Moreover, further investigations are needed for better understanding of this protective effect.
机械胸外按压:主力还是替补?

据统计,美国每年约275 000人发生院外心跳骤停(OHCA),欧洲每年约375 000人发生OHCA。我国目前尚无确切的CA流行病学资料。近年虽然CA的治疗策略有所改进,但病死率仍超过90%。2010年美国心脏协会(AHA)发布新的CPR指南强调高质量心肺复苏(CPR)是改善预后的关键,但CA目击者甚至是医务人员实际操作时不能完全符合指南要求,长时间复苏过程中经常发生按压深度不足、频率较慢、按压间歇较长等问题。Wik等发现仅有28%的医务人员在实际操作时符合指南要求。杨正飞等发现非医学专业人士在按压第1分钟虽然主观未疲劳,但已出现按压质量下降。
急救分中心分布合理性的探讨

对于急危重患者来说,时间就是生命,如脑梗死患者,快速的院前急救是降低其病死率的关键因素,过敏反应的特点是急性发作时可能有危及生命的症状也往往需要急诊处理,所以,院前急救就是要讲求速度,而作为承担院前急救任务的分中心地理上的分布对于提高急救速度,提高抢救成功率,减少损伤程度,降低病死率,有很重要的意义。
Effect of the ITER FW Manufacturing Process on the Microstructure and Properties of a CuCrZr Alloy

The first wall (FW) is one of the core components in ITER. As the heat sink material, the CuCrZr alloy shall be properly jointed with beryllium and stainless steel. At present, the grains of CuCrZr are prone to coarsen seriously in the thermal cycle process of FW manufacturing, which has become a critical issue for ITER parties. To investigate the mirostructure and mechanical properties of the optimized CuCrZr alloy in the first wall fabricating thermal cycle, simulative experiments have been done in this study. The alloy ingot was forged and hot rolled into plates, and then solid solution annealed, cold rolled and aged for strengthening. Several heat treatments were done to the CuCrZr samples, and the changes of microstructure, micro-hardness and tensile strength were investigated. The results indicated that the original elongated grains had changed into equiaxed ones, and the vickers hardness had declined to about 60 after experiencing the process of CuCrZr/316L(N) bi-metallic plate manufacturing, either by hot isostatic pressing at a higher temperature or by explosion welding followed by solution annealing. Joining Be/CuCrZr by hot isostatic pressing acts as an aging process for CuCrZr, so after the simulated heat treatment, the hardness of the alloy increased to about 110 HV and the tensile yield strength at 250°C rose to about 170 MPa. Meanwhile, the average grain size was controlled below 200 μm.
托伐普坦致癫痫发作1例

托伐普坦(tolvaptan)是新型口服利尿药,2009年在美国和英国上市,2011年9月在我国上市,由日本大冢制药株式会社开发,是选择性非肽类血管加压素V2受体拮抗剂,通过拮抗血管加压素的作用使尿液中水排泄量增加,提高游离水的清除率,降低尿液渗透压,增加血钠水平,但同时又不改变尿液钠钾分泌及影响血钾水平;适用于超容性和等容性低钠血症伴心力衰竭、肝硬化和抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征的治疗, 若使用不当也可导致临床不良事件发生。现报告1例使用托伐普坦致癫痫发作病例。
A Newly Developed Wrought Ni–Fe–Cr-based Superalloy for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plant Applications Beyond 700 °C

Some existing wrought Ni–Cr–Co-based superalloys are being evaluated as the candidate materials for advanced ultra-supercritical power plant applications beyond 700 °C due to their high creep strength. But they are all prohibitively expensive due to the addition of Co, Mo and W. Here we developed a new Ni–Fe–Cr-based superalloy (named as HT700 alloy) with low cost and high strength. This paper reports the mechanical properties and fracture modes of HT700 alloy to support its high temperature applications and to understand prospective failure mechanism. Fractographic examinations indicate that the fracture modes shift with test condition change. In addition, the HT700 alloy has relatively stable microstructure at 750 °C. Compared with IN740 and GH2984 alloys, this new alloy has higher yield strength in the temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C. The creep life of this new alloy is much longer than that of the Ni–Fe-based superalloy GH2984. The results suggest that this new alloy is a promising material for advanced ultra-supercritical power plant applications beyond 700 °C.
胎儿生长受限及其对脑发育的不良影响

胎儿宫内生长受限(intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR)在我国的发生率约8.7%,每年约出生180万IUGR患儿。IUGR患儿围产期并发症(宫内窘迫、窒息、低血糖、代谢障碍、肺损伤等)以及成年期并发症(高血压、2型糖尿病等)比正常患儿均明显增加。而其对神经系统损伤最受关注,本文对近年来有关研究进展做一综述。
右眼眶内异位涎腺组织一例

本例异位涎腺发生在右眼眶内,具有眶内肿瘤的临床表现--右眼视物不清并进行性加重,但病程较长,CT及MRI显示异位之涎腺边缘清晰,生长缓慢,视神经及眼外肌为推压性改变,符合良性病变的生物学特性。其影像表现为CT呈略高密度结节影,密度欠均,较正常涎腺密度稍高;MRI平扫呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号,DWI等信号,信号欠均,中等强化,与正常涎腺信号相似,但通常正常涎腺信号较均匀。动态增强MRI检查的时间-信号强度曲线有助于眶内常见肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的鉴别。炎性假瘤和肉芽肿病变主要表现为流出型,即快进快出;良性肿瘤表现为缓慢的增强方式,以线型为主;恶性肿瘤的强化表现为快进缓出,呈平台型为主。海绵状血管瘤动态强化有明显的特点,表现为扩散渗透型,即渐进性强化。眼眶神经鞘瘤常为圆锥或哑铃形,好发于眶上部、眶内上方和眶尖部,密度、信号不均匀,明显环形强化为其重要特征。
帕比司他(Panobinostat)

帕比司他(panobinostat)是首个治疗多发性骨髓瘤的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂,由瑞士制药巨头诺华公司(Novartis)研发, 2015年2月通过FDA加速审批程序获得美国FDA批准上市,商品名为Farydak。Farydak联合硼替佐米(bortezomib)和地塞米松(dexamethasone)用于既往接受过至少2种治疗方案失败的多发性骨髓瘤患者。
应用Gibson Assembly法构建人果蝇zeste基因增强子同源物2基因过表达慢病毒载体

果蝇zeste基因增强子同源物2(EZH2)是组蛋白甲基转移酶。研究表明EZH_2在前列腺癌中起关键作用。我们应用Gibson Assembly法构建了pWPI-HA-EZH2慢病毒载体。
Sub-100 nm hollow SnO_2@C nanoparticles as anode material for lithium ion batteries and significantly enhanced cycle performances

Rational designing and controlling of nanostructures is a key factor in realizing appropriate properties required for the high-performance energy fields. In the present study, hollow SnO_2@C nanoparticles(NPs) with a mean size of 50 nm have been synthesized in large-scale via a facile hydrothermal approach. The morphology and composition of as-obtained products were studied by various characterized techniques. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the as-prepared hollow SnO_2@C NPs exhibit significant improvement in cycle performances. The discharge capacity of lithium battery is as high as 370 mAh g~(-1), and the current density is 3910 mA g~(-1) (5 C) after 573 cycles. Furthermore, the capacity recovers up to 1100 mAh g~(-1) at the rate performances in which the current density is recovered to 156.4 mA g~(-1) (0.2 C). Undoubtedly, sub-100 nm SnO_2@C NPs provide significant improvement to the electrochemical performance of LIBs as superior-anode nanomaterials, and this carbon coating strategy can pave the way for developing high-performance LIBs.
An oxygen reduction sensor based on a novel type of porous carbon composite membrane electrode

The development of a simple, efficient and sensitive sensor for dissolved oxygen is proposed using a novel type of porous carbon composite membrane/glassy carbon electrode based on the low-cost common filter paper by a simple method. The resulting device exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the porous morphology and uniformly dispersed Fe_3C nanoparticles of the PCCM play an important role in the oxygen reduction reaction. A linear response range from 2 μmol/L up to 110 μmol/L and a detection limit of 1.4 μmol/L was obtained with this sensor. The repeatability of the proposed sensor, evaluated in terms of relative standard deviation, was 3.0%. The successful fabrication of PCCM/GC electrode may promote the development of new porous carbon oxygen reduction reaction material for the oxygen reduction sensor.
P(VPBA-DMAEA) as a pH-sensitive nanovalve for mesoporous silica nanoparticles based controlled release

A pH-sensitive controlled release system was proposed in this work, which consists of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized on the pore outlets with poly(4-vinylphenybronic acid-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) [P(VPBA-DMAEA)]. Four kinds of P(VPBA-DMAEA)-gated MSNs were synthesized and applied for the pH-sensitive controlled release. The results showed that P(VPBADMAEA) can work as a pH-sensitive nanovalve. The release behavior of the hybrid nanoparticles could be adjusted by changing the mole ratio of VPBA and DMAEA. With the increasing of the mole ratio of VPBA, the leakage of the entrapped molecules in the pores of MSNs could be decreased at neutral and alkaline conditions. By altering the pH of buffer from 4.0 to 8.0, the valve could be switched "on" and "off" reversibly. In addition, cells viability results indicated that these P(VPBA-DMAEA)-gated MSNs had good biocompatibility. We believe that these MSNs based pH-sensitive controlled release system will provide a promising nanodevice for sited release of drug delivery.
Missing in total OH reactivity of VOCs from gasoline evaporation

Gasoline evaporation is an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Total OH reactivity for gasoline vapor was measured from 4 kinds of gasoline for the first time by comparative reactivity method (CRM) using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). Compositions of 56 PAMS (photochemical assessment monitoring station) nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) were measured for both liquid and headspace of gasoline. We found high abundance of alkenes and aromatics in gasoline. The calculated OH reactivity derived from quantified NMHCs speciation accounted for only 57 ± 4% of total reactivity obtained from CRM method. N-Alkenes, only 6 wt% in liquid gasoline, contributed to 70% of calculated reactivity. We assume that the undetected branched alkenes are the possible reason for the missing reactivity. Wesuggest that the priority of gasoline quality improvement is to reduce alkenes content in gasoline in term of reactivity-based control.
响应面法优化假北紫堇总生物碱提取工艺

目的:采用响应面法优化热回流提取假北紫堇总生物碱的工艺研究。方法:在单因素试验基础上,选取4因素3水平响应面法建立假北紫堇总生物碱得率与影响因子的多元二次回归方程,得到总生物碱的最佳提取条件。结果:假北紫堇总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:液料比25 mL/g、提取时间1.7 h、提取温度53 ℃、乙醇浓度73%,总生物碱得率为1.62%。结论:实验结果表明二次多项式建立的数学模型具有良好的预测性,响应面法筛选得到的总生物碱提取工艺稳定、可行,重现性好。
针灸治疗帕金森病体会

通过从治疗特色、临证思路以及典型案例等方面,归纳总结治疗帕金森病的治疗方法,在治疗帕金森病的临床实践中提出"平肝祛风止颤,调脑益髓通络"和"治病求本,固护先后天"的临证思路,并形成百会穴长留针、善开四关、专长用头针、巧用耳尖放血疗法的治疗特色。
金黄膏外敷治疗急性痛风性关节炎的临床研究

目的观察金黄膏外敷治疗急性痛风性关节炎的临床疗效。方法将60例患者分成3组,每组20例。A组采用金黄膏局部外敷,B组采用金黄膏局部外敷联合戴芬口服,C组采用戴芬口服,观察三组临床疗效及治疗后血浆IL-1β和IL-8水平的变化。结果戴芬组+ 金黄膏组的临床疗效优于金黄膏组,金黄膏组临床疗效又优于戴芬组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后,各组均有降低血浆IL-1β、IL-8水平的作用,其中戴芬组+ 金黄膏组优于金黄膏组,金黄膏组又优于戴芬组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论采用金黄膏外敷治疗痛风性关节炎时,疗效确切,操作简单,价格低廉,值得推广。
单味中草药体内外抗乙肝病毒疗效的系统评价

目的系统评价单味中草药抗乙肝病毒(HBV)体内外实验的疗效。方法电子检索PubMed、中文期刊全文数据库(CNKI)截至2014年10月发表的中英文文献,制定纳入排除标准并利用Excel表提取数据。体外实验提取单味中药提取物对HBV宿主细胞半数细胞毒性浓度(CC_(50))和抑制HBV DNA、HBV e抗原(HBeAg)和表面抗原(HBsAg)的半数有效浓度(IC_(50))及治疗指数(TI); 体内实验提取药物对感染鸭模型血浆中的鸭乙肝病毒DNA抑制率。结果纳入的122篇文献中报道了从82种中草药中提取出的176种提取物或化合物有抗HBV效应,而其中24种草药中提取的13种物质和11种提取物的混合物对HepG2.2.15细胞具有较低细胞毒性,同时可对细胞培养上清中HBV DNA、HBeAg和HBsAg的释放产生强大的抑制效应。7种中草药提取物中的4种对感染鸭血浆中的鸭乙肝DNA水平抑制率超过50%。此外,大黄与黄芩中提取出来的8-O-β-D-葡萄糖大黄素和汉黄芩素这两种化合物有较强的抗HBV能力。结论通过总结和分析细胞和动物模型中单味中草药抗HBV的研究,为探究传统中草药治疗乙肝的研究和中草药抗HBV新药的开发提供新的方向。
脉冲染料激光和液氮冷冻治疗寻常疣的随机对照研究

寻常疣是由人类乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染皮肤或黏膜引起的表皮良性赘生物。寻常疣的局部治疗方法很多,但尚未有一种根治性方法。目前已有研究显示585 nm脉冲染料激光治疗皮肤疣取得了良好效果,治愈率可高达95.1%,对于儿童皮肤疣其治愈率也可达75%。为了证实其疗效,本研究采用液氮冷冻作为对照,比较2种治疗方法的治愈率、有效率、复发率、治愈次数及不良反应,现报告如下。
转移性血管瘤样黑素瘤一例

恶性黑素瘤(MM)是黑素细胞起源的高度恶性肿瘤,具有侵袭性强、易发生早期转移及死亡率高等特点。血管瘤样黑素瘤(angiomatoid melanoma, AMM)是近期报道的一黑素瘤的组织学亚型,极为罕见,组织学上易误诊为血管性肿瘤。AMM的组织学改变可见于原发性黑素瘤,也可见于转移性黑素瘤。施启丰等报道1例原发性AMM,现将我们诊治的1例转移性AMM报道如下。
Comparison of Cloud Properties between Cloud Sat Retrievals and Airplane Measurements in Mixed-Phase Cloud Layers of Weak Convective and Stratus Clouds

Cloud microphysical properties including liquid and ice particle number concentration(NC),liquid water content(LWC),ice water content(IWC) and effective radius(RE) were retrieved from Cloud Sat data for a weakly convective and a widespread stratus cloud. Within the mixed-phase cloud layers,liquid-phase fractions needed to be assumed in the data retrieval process,and one existing linear(p_1) and two exponential(p_2and p_3) functions,which estimate the liquid-phase fraction as a function of subfreezing temperature(from-20℃ to 0℃),were tested. The retrieved NC,LWC,IWC and RE using p_1 were on average larger than airplane measurements in the same cloud layer. Function p_2 performed better than p_1 or p_3 in retrieving the NCs of cloud droplets in the convective cloud,while function p_1 performed better in the stratus cloud. Function p_3 performed better in LWC estimation in both convective and stratus clouds. The REs of cloud droplets calculated using the retrieved cloud droplet NC and LWC were closer to the values of in situ observations than those retrieved directly using the p_1 function. The retrieved NCs of ice particles in both convective and stratus clouds,on the assumption of liquid-phase fraction during the retrieval of liquid droplet NCs,were closer to those of airplane observations than on the assumption of function p_1.
定量与定性:人类学与流行病学合作的维度之一

综上所述,近代以来的学科划分促进了学术研究的细化和深入,但同时增长的学科壁垒,客观上也阻碍着学术研究的进一步发展。在这种情况下,以问题为导向或以问题的某些方面为导向,积极融合各学科的理论和方法,将为新的学术增长提供巨大的活力。医学人类学与流行病学具有相同的研究对象,只是其研究角度和研究方法存在着较大差异,尤其是人类学喜欢在狭小的“点”上进行深挖的定性研究特点,和流行病学擅长在庞大的“面”上进行宏观把握的定量研究特点形成了巨大的反差,这种反差或差异蕴含着巨大的合作空间。在已有的研究中,流行病学已较多运用了各类定性研究方法,如参与观察、深入访谈和专题小组讨论等。另外,定性研究中人类学相对擅长的民族志分析、跨文化比较、主位视角、影视手段和叙述分析等,对于流行病学的定量分析也能起到较好的辅助效果。我们相信,人类学和流行病学在研究方法上互相交流,取长补短,将成为两学科进一步发展的巨大动力和重要趋势。
A Brief Introduction to BNU-HESM1.0 and Its Earth Surface Temperature Simulations

Integrated assessment models and coupled earth system models both have their limitations in understanding the interactions between human activity and the physical earth system. In this paper,a new human–earth system model,BNUHESM1.0,constructed by combining the economic and climate damage components of the Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate Change and Economy to the BNU-ESM model,is introduced. The ability of BNU-HESM1.0 in simulating the global CO_2 concentration and surface temperature is also evaluated. We find that,compared to observation,BNU-HESM1.0underestimates the global CO_2 concentration and its rising trend during 1965–2005,due to the uncertainty in the economic components. However,the surface temperature simulated by BNU-HESM1.0 is much closer to observation,resulting from the overestimates of surface temperature by the original BNU-ESM model. The uncertainty of BNU-ESM falls within the range of present earth system uncertainty,so it is the economic and climate damage component of BNU-HESM1.0 that needs to be improved through further study. However,the main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach to investigate the complex relationship between human activity and the earth system. It is hoped that it will inspire further ideas that prove valuable in guiding human activities appropriate for a sustainable future climate.
赤泥与矿井废水在烟气脱硫中的应用

通过洗脱实验评价了工业废弃物赤泥、矿井废水对二氧化硫(SO_2)的吸收能力,并将两者联合制成脱硫剂.实验结果表明,对于SO_2含量为20000 mg·m~(-3)的模拟烟气,当赤泥-矿井废水脱硫剂中固体投加浓度从0 mg·L~(-1)提高到800 mg·L~(-1)时,其对SO_2的吸收量从372 mg·L~(-1)提高到978 mg·L~(-1).矿井废水与赤泥的联合使用具有较高的脱硫效率,较低的脱硫成本,可实现以废治废的目的.
Preface

This special issue focuses on sparse and low-rank optimization, a new distinct area of research in optimization. A solution is sparse if it has very few nonzero entries(compared to its dimension) or possesses other kinds of simple structures, particularly, for example, low-rank matrices. Owing much to the studies of signal representation, compressive sensing, and regularized regression, sparse and low-rank optimization has been recognized as a computational tool that plays central roles inmany data processing problems, especially those involving extremely large data. The development of sparse and low-rank optimization has been motivated by, and nurturing, the development in many other areas of data science.
Nonconvex Sorted ?_1 Minimization for Sparse Approximation

The ?_1 norm is the tight convex relaxation for the ?_0 norm and has been successfully applied for recovering sparse signals. However, for problems with fewer samples than required for accurate ?_1 recovery, one needs to apply nonconvex penalties such as ?_p norm. As one method for solving ?_p minimization problems, iteratively reweighted ?_1 minimization updates the weight for each component based on the value of the same component at the previous iteration. It assigns large weights on small components in magnitude and small weights on large components in magnitude. The set of the weights is not fixed, and it makes the analysis of this method difficult. In this paper, we consider a weighted ?_1 penalty with the set of the weights fixed, and the weights are assigned based on the sort of all the components in magnitude. The smallest weight is assigned to the largest component in magnitude. This new penalty is called nonconvex sorted ?_1. Then we propose two methods for solving nonconvex sorted ?_1 minimization problems: iteratively reweighted ?_1 minimization and iterative sorted thresholding, and prove that both methods will converge to a local minimizer of the nonconvex sorted ?_1 minimization problems.We also show that both methods are generalizations of iterative support detection and iterative hard thresholding, respectively. The numerical experiments demonstrate the better performance of assigning weights by sort compared to assigning by value.
罕见的肺动脉闭锁矫治术后恶性结局并介入术干预失败1例

本例患儿预后不良,首要原因在于术中重建左肺动脉时使用的牛颈静脉管道术后出现了管道的老化、闭塞。对于这一类疾病理论上使用同种带瓣管道是最佳选择,但目前国内的状况是几乎没有途径能够取得同种带瓣管道,特别是适用于小儿的同种带瓣管道,因此根本无法满足临床需要。国内多数心脏中心使用的都是灭菌处理后的牛颈静脉管道。在国外有报道发现牛颈静脉管道与肺动脉的吻合口内膜增生会出现较高的狭窄率[1-2],以及中晚期内膜纤维化、钙化、瓣上狭窄等一系列问题[3]。李轩等[4]报道了56例TOF矫治术后需要再次手术的患者,其中高达46.4%患者是因为右室流出道梗阻或肺动脉狭窄,包括右室流出道异常肌束、肺动脉瓣环狭窄、主肺动脉狭窄、肺动脉分支狭窄。其中半数患者(12/25)是肺动脉分支狭窄,可见使用牛颈静脉管道重建右室流出道/肺动脉管道老化导致预后不良的并不少见, 但严重到出现肺动脉分支闭锁的尚属首例。