mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Peralkaline A-Type Granites and Syenites from the Suizhou-Zaoyang Region, Central China

In this study, we present systematic petrological, geochemical, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages and Nd isotopic data for the A-type granites and syenites from Suizhou-Zaoyang region. The results show that the peralkaline A-type granites and syenites were episodically emplaced in Suizhou-Zaoyang region between 450±3 and 441±7 Ma which corresponds to Late Ordovician and Early Silurian periods, respectively. Petrologically, the syenite-peralkaline granite association comprises of nepheline normative-syenite and alkaline granite in Guanzishan and quartz normative syenite and alkaline granite in Huangyangshan. The syenite-granite associations are ferroan to alkali in composition. They depict characteristics of typical OIB (oceanic island basalts) derived A-type granites in multi-elements primitive normalized diagram and Yb/Ta vs. Y/Nb as well as Ce/Nb vs. Y/Nb binary plots. Significant depletion in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu indicates fractionation of feldspars, biotite, amphiboles and Ti-rich augite. The values of εNd(t) in Guanzishan nepheline syenite and alkaline granite are +1.81 and +2.26, respectively and the calculated two-stage model age for these rocks are 1 040 and 1 003 Ma, respectively. On the other hand, the Huangyangshan alkaline granite has εNd(t) values ranging from +2.61 to +3.46 and a relatively younger two-stage Nd model age values ranging from 906 to 975 Ma, respectively. Based on these data, we inferred that the Guanzishan nepheline syenites and granites were formed from fractional crystallization of OIB-like basic magmas derived from upwelling of metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The Huangyangshan quartz syenite and granite on the other hand, were formed from similar magmas through fractional crystallization with low input from the ancient crustal rocks. Typically, the rocks exhibit A1-type granite affinity and classified as within plate granites associated with the Ordovician crustal extension and the Silurian rifting.
Emergent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with Placement of Biliary Double Stents to Salvage Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Induced Stapfer's Type II Perforation

To the Editor: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a vital role in the management of pancreaticobiliary diseases in recent years and it concomitantly carries a risk of complications including post-ERCP pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation. The incidence of primary post-ERCP complications ranges from 5.4 %to 23.0%, and ERCP-induced perforation can occur in 0.3-1.0 %of cases, but the associated mortality is high ranging from 8 %to 23%. Because of the confluence of the bile duct and pancreatic duct meet at the papilla in proximity to the site of perforation in the duodenum, there is a potential risk of leakage of bile and pancreatic juice into the retroperitoneal space or peritoneum. Patients with Stapfer's Type II perforation (perivaterian perforation) generally suffered from systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which could progress rapidly to acute lung injury and acute renal insufficiency and even multiple organ failure. All of these contribute to the significantly high mortality. A timely recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial to the management of ERCP-induced perforation to reduce the overall mortality. Conventionally, surgery remains the primary treatment for iatrogenic perforations. With the improvement in endoscopic technique and development of new accessories, nonsurgical management with endoscopic treatment of perforation is increasingly being reported. We report a retrospective analysis of ERCP-induced Stapfer's Type II perforations over a 5-year period managed with nonsurgical approach combined with salvage ERCP.
高位腰椎间盘突出致股神经痛案

李志道教授在治疗腰椎间盘突出症上提出独特见解,在常规腰部取穴的同时,需重视患者的临床症状,当患者出现坐骨神经症状时运用分经得气法,出现股神经症状时以冲门为主穴配股前九针进行治疗。李老认为腰椎间盘突出影响脊神经的不同节段,导致出现不同的临床症状,不能将治疗思维仅局限在坐骨神经上,需分析症状并结合现代人体解剖学理论,辨证分经治疗。故本病案中针刺首选冲门穴、股前九针配合其应有的操作手法以祛邪通络、行气活血,改善大腿前侧组织营养、协调大腿整体肌群的力量平衡,加上背部腧穴进而全方位对腰椎间盘突出导致的股神经痛进行治疗。
儿童喘息性疾病合理用药指南

喘息是儿童最为常见的呼吸道症状之一,常在患有呼吸道疾病时出现。由于儿童的特殊解剖、生理及免疫特点,喘息在儿童中发生率较高。在很多儿童呼吸道疾病,如支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)、支气管炎、肺炎中,都可表现为以喘息为主的临床特征。数据表明,约34%的儿童在3周岁之前出现过至少1次喘息,有近一半儿童在6岁前会出现喘息。
Effect of environmental factors on species diversity of the Yenice Hot Spot Forests in Turkey

We quantified the diversity of vascular plant species and described soil properties and topographical and climatic conditions of the Citdere and Kavakli Nature Reserves in the Yenice Forest of Turkey. We used the Shannon–Weiner and Simpson's indices of diversity, Margalef's index of species richness and Pielou's evenness index to quantify the structure of vascular plant assemblages. We measured soil parameters (NO_3~-, NH_4~+,available P, Mg~(++), K~+, Na~+, Ca~(++), organic matter, pH, soil moisture), elevation, slope gradient and aspect and their correlations with plant community parameters. In total, we recorded and identified 207 species and subspecies in the study area. Species cover, richness and diversity indices varied significantly by vegetation type (P<0.01). Available NO_3~- and Ca++ in the soil were important factors for the area and species representation in the species-environment correlations estimated for the Kavakli area. Available NO_3~-, pH, organic matter, Ca~(++) and K~+ in the soil were important factors for the area and species representation in the species-environment correlations analysed for the Citdere area.
Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability: a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey

In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in Europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services (biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries (Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices (clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts' opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts' opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years.
Species diversity, population structure and regeneration of woody species in fallows and mature stands of tropical woodlands of southeast Angola

This study in the dry tropical woodlands of SE Angola in Cuando-Cubango Province assessed the diversity and composition of woody species in fallows compared to those in mature woodlands. We assessed the population structure of the most harvested woody species by calculating size class distribution and evaluated their regeneration potential based on the density of saplings. The vegetation was surveyed in 20 plots of 20 × 50 m (1000 m~2). In each plot, we measured the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all woody species with DBH ≥ 5 cm. The saplings were counted, identified and recorded; 718 individuals, corresponding to 34 species in 32 genera and 15 families were recorded. The size class distribution of target woody species showed three different patterns in fallows and mature woodlands. In general, most of the smaller diameter classes had more individuals than the larger ones did, showing that the regeneration may take place. However, in some diameter classes, the absence of larger stems indicated selective logging of larger trees. Few saplings were recorded in the fallows ormature woodlands; fire frequency and intensity is probably the main obstacle for seed germination and seedling survival rates in the studied area.
Factors influencing direct shoot regeneration from leaves, petioles, and plantlet roots of triploid hybrid Populus sect. Tacamahaca

Since the generation of full-sib artificial triploid families, rapid clone establishment and genetic improvements have been needed. Here, we report an in vitro method of direct shoot regeneration of a triploid hybrid poplar [(Populus simonii × P. nigra ‘Italica') × (P.× ‘popularis')]. Using different randomized block designs, we selected one triploid to evaluate the explant type, optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and agar, and culture time under light or dark conditions over 60 days. The highest rate of shoot induction, 80.0%, was obtained using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L benzyladenine, 0.04 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 5.5 g/L agar for the first 30 days in the dark, then 3 g/L agar for the next 30 days in light. This last medium yielded the best rate of shoot induction (6.32 shoots/explant). These three media were also used to evaluate the influence of the genotypes of the parents and hybrid triploids on regeneration. Two parents and three of the four full-sib triploids were regenerated successfully; different genotypes and explant types significantly affected the rate of shoot induction and average number of shoots. Leaves but not petioles were a suitable explant. One genotype produced the highest rate of shoot induction of 96.67%. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L indole butyric acid and 0.04 mg/L NAA was the most effective for rooting; rooting rate was 96.67%, survival rate of transplants was 73.33%, and rooting frequency surpassed 85 %for each genotype. Overall, this in vitro regeneration system will be useful for the propagation and genetic modification of triploid poplars.
Comparative tree-ring anatomy of Fraxinus excelsior with Chalara dieback

We tested the hypothesis that the biometrical characters of wood elements in ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.) become modified in response to the progression of disease caused by Chalara fraxinea. Anatomical analyses were performed on wood samples collected at breast height from the trunks of groups of ash trees which contained healthy, weakened and dead trees. We measured (1) treering width, (2) earlywood vessel diameter, (3) earlywood vessel element length, (4) fibre length, (5) fibre diameter, (6) fibre lumen diameter, and (7) fibre wall thickness. We showed that tree-ring width diminished in all analysed groups during disease progression. However, the greatest suppression of growth was observed in dead trees. In both weakened and dead ash trees, the reduction in tree-ring width was accompanied by diminished vessel diameter in the earlywood of the outermost annual rings. The annual rings of dead trees had shorter fibres having greater lumen diameter and thinner cell walls. Consequently, water conduction in the sapwood of dead ash trees was less efficient owing to reduced vessel diameter, and this seems to be one of the greatest disease-induced morphological modifications. All the anatomical modifications might be due to leaf loss and crown dieback triggered by Chalara fraxinea.
肝脓肿并发化脓性眼内炎两例

肺炎克雷伯杆菌是医院感染的常见致病细菌,多见于肺炎、尿路感染及脑膜炎等疾病。既往细菌性肝脓肿的致病菌多为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等,肺炎克雷伯杆菌引起的肝脓肿较少遇见。现总结分析我们收治的2例肝脓肿并发化脓性眼内炎的临床特点。
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystems in warm temperate Shanxi Province, north China

Although carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) stoichiometric ratios are considered good indicators of nutrient excess/limitation and thus of ecosystem health, few reports have discussed the trends and the reciprocal effects of C:N:P stoichiometry in plant– litter–soil systems. The present study analyzed C:N:P ratios in four age groups of Chinese pine, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., forests in Shanxi Province, China: plantation young forests (AY,<20 year-old); plantation middle-aged forests (AM, 21–30 year-old); natural young forests (NY,<30 year-old); and natural middle-aged forests (NM, 31–50 year-old). The average C:N:P ratios calculated for tree, shrub, and herbaceous leaves, litter, and soil (0–100 cm) were generally higher in NY followed by NM, AM, and AY. C:N and C:P ratios were higher in litter than in leaves and soils, and reached higher values in the litter and leaves of young forests than in middle-aged forests; however, C:N and C:P ratios were higher in soils of middle- aged forests than in young forests. N:P ratios were higher in leaves than in litter and soils regardless of stand age; the consistent N:P <14 values found in all forests indicated N limitations. With plant leaves, C:P ratios were highest in trees, followed by herbs and shrubs, indicating a higher efficiency in tree leaf formation. C:N ratios decreased with increasing soil depth, whereas there was no trend for C:P and N:P ratios. C:N:P stoichiometry of forest foliage did not exhibit a consistent variation according to stand age. Research on the relationships between N:P, and P, N nutrient limits and the characteristics of vegetation nutrient adaptation need to be continued.
Effect of nitrogen levels on photosynthetic parameters, morphological and chemical characters of saplings and trees in a temperate forest

Exploring the response differences of leaf physiology parameters to enhanced nitrogen deposition between saplings and trees is vital for predicting the variations of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function under future global climate change. In this study, the ecophysiological parameters of saplings and trees of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. were measured at different levels of nitrogen addition in a temperate forest. The results show that ecophysiological parameters maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_(max)), apparent quantum efficiency (a), dark respiration (Rd), light saturation point (L_(sp)), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal conductance under saturated light intensity (G_(smax)) were higher in saplings than in trees. These physiological parameters and not N_(leaf) (leaf nitrogen content) led to relatively lower P_(max) and Rd in trees. For both saplings and trees, low and median nitrogen addition (23 and 46 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)) resulted in significant increases in P_(max), Rd, L_(sp), Chl, PNUE, SLA and G_(smax). These parameters tended to decline under high additions of nitrogen (69 kg ha~(-1)a~(-1)), whereas N_(leaf) was always enhanced with increasing nitrogen. Variations in P_(max) and Rd with increasing nitrogen were attributed to variations in the strongly related parameters of, L_(sp), Chl, PNUE, SLA and G_(smax). Overall, the response sensitivity of physiological parameters to enhanced nitrogen levels was lower in trees compared with saplings.
The impact of the environmental factors on the photosynthetic activity of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) in spring and in autumn in the region of Eastern Siberia

The taiga coniferous forests of the Siberian region are the main carbon sinks in the forest ecosystems. Quantitatively, the size of the carbon accumulation is determined by the photosynthetic productivity, which is strongly influenced by environmental factors. As a result, an assessment of the relationship between environmental factors and photosynthetic productivity makes it possible to calculate and even predict carbon sinks in coniferous forests at the regional level. However, at various stages of the vegetative period, the force of the connection between environmental conditions and the productivity of photosynthesis may change. In this research, correlations between the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with the environmental conditions were compared in spring and in autumn. In spring, close positive correlation of the maximum daily net photosynthesis was identified with only one environmental factor. For different years, correlations were for soil temperature (r_s = 0.655, p = 0.00315) or available soil water supply (r_s = 0.892, p = 0.0068). In autumn within different years, significant correlation was shown with two (temperature of air and soil; r_s = 0.789 and 0.896, p = 0.00045 and 0.000006, respectively) and four factors: temperature of air (r_s = 0.749, p = 0.00129) and soil (r_s = 0.84, p = 0.00000), available soil water supply (r_s = 0.846, p = 0.00013) and irradiance (r_s = 0.826, p = 0.000001). Photosynthetic activity has a weaker connection with changes in environmental factors in the spring, as compared to autumn. This is explained by the multidirectional influence of environmental conditions on photosynthesis in this period and by the necessity of earlier photosynthesis onset, despite the unfavorable conditions. This data may be useful for predicting the flow of carbon in dependence on environmental factors in this region in spring and in autumn.
Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon in Faidherbia albida and Prosopis africana under agroforestry parklands in drylands of Niger

This study developed allometric models to estimate aboveground biomass and carbon of Prosopis africana and Faidherbia albida. The destructive method was used with a sample of 20 trees per species for the two parkland sites. Linear regression with log transformation was used to model aboveground biomass according to dendrometric parameters. Error analysis, including mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) and root mean square of error (RMSE), was used to select and validate the models for both species. Model 1 (biomass according to tree diameter) for P. africana and F. albida were considered more representative. The statistical parameters of these models were R~2 = 0.99, MAPE 0.98 %and RMSE 1.75 %for P. africana, and R~2 = 0.99, MAPE 1.19%, RMSE 2.37 %for F. albida. The average rate of carbon sequestered was significantly different for the two species (P ≤ 0.05). The total amount sequestered per tree averaged 0.17 × 10~(-3) Mg for P. africana and 0.25 × 10~(-3) Mg for F. albida. These results could be used to develop policies that would lead to the sustainable management of these resources in the dry parklands of Niger.
Pilot study on the effects of elevated air temperature and CO_2 on artificially defoliated silver birch saplings

The impacts of elevated temperature and CO_2 on young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) saplings after 0, 25, 50 or 75 %artificial defoliation were assessed by measuring plant height and dry mass of aboveground compartments and roots and various morphological and physiological variables. Defoliation either increased or decreased plant growth depending on the severity of damage and the climatic treatment. At 21 ℃ and 400 mg L~(-1) CO_2, defoliated plants were not able to compensate for the lost foliage, but growth compensation and adaptation to the changed conditions were greater; growth of young defoliated silver birch saplings increased, which led to increased height and a tendency to enhance final aboveground and root biomass and leaf nitrogen and carbon content compared to the nondefoliated controls. Nevertheless, the short-term effect of the different climatic conditions did not result in a significant overgrowth of defoliated plants. A slight increase in temperature and CO_2 were the most acceptable conditions for defoliated plants; however, a 4 ℃ increase with correspondingly higher CO_2 was more stressful as shown by less growth in height and biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots. The findings from the pilot experiment are more applicable to young birch trees, but stress on young trees may be reflected in future tree growth.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel with aluminum addition by warm rolling

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel with aluminum addition by warm rolling at 550 ℃ were investigated. It is found that sample is composed of an ashen austenite matrix, a gray black ferrite phase and a small number of NiCx. The average grain sizes are 21.62, 19.66 and 19.49 μm for samples with the rolling deformation of 30%, 50 %and 70%, respectively. The yield strength and tensile strength of samples with solid solution time of 30 min and deformation of 70 %are higher. The fracture modes are similar and belong to toughness fracture. The fracture surfaces of the samples are composed of relatively large equal-axis ductile dimples (5–15 μm) and fine scattered ones around the dimples (<5 μm). As the rolling deformation increases, the quantity of subgrain boundary increases and the〈101〉orientation is more prominent. {001}〈110〉rotation-cube textures are present in ferrite phase of samples and weak Goss texture is formed in austenite pole images.
Texture and inhibitor features of grain-oriented pure iron produced by different cold-rolling processes

To promote the manufacture of grain-oriented pure iron, the texture and inhibitor features of two samples A and B produced by different cold-rolling processes were studied by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that a higher content of inhibitor elements directly resulted in a greater number of fine inhibitors, which exhibited strong inhibitory ability, leading to more fine precipitates of appropriate size effectively inhibiting the growth of primary grains in decarburized bands (sheets) during the single-stage cold-rolling process. The formation of the component with {110}\001[Goss orientation was greatly suppressed in the stage of primary recrystallization, and this component could hardly be observed in the decarburized band; by contrast, the {411}{148}-oriented grains grew. During the process of high-temperature annealing, abnormal growth occurred and secondary recrystallized grains (Goss orientation) merged with other matrix grains such as {111}{112}and {411}{148}. The magnetic induction of samples A and B at 800 A/m was 1.939 T and 1.996 T, respectively.
Thorough Validation of a Rotor Fault Diagnosis Methodology in Laboratory and Field Soft-Started Induction Motors

Induction motors are the most widespread rotating electrical machines in industry. Predictive maintenance of the motors is of crucial importance due to the fact that unexpected faults in those machines can lead to huge economic losses for the corresponding companies. Over recent years, there is an increasing use of industrial induction motors operated by different types of drives, which have different functionalities. Among them, the use of soft-starters has proliferated due to the inherent benefits provided by these drives: they damp the high starting currents, enabling the soft startup of the motors and avoiding undesirable commutation transients introduced by other starting modalities. In spite of these advantages, they do not avoid the possible occurrence of rotor damages, one of the most common faults in this type of motors. Few works have proposed predictive maintenance techniques that are aimed to diagnose the rotor condition in soft-started machines and even fewer have demonstrated the validity of their methods in real motors. This work presents, for the first time, the massive validation of a rotor fault diagnosis methodology in soft-started induction motors. Industrial and laboratory and induction motors started under different types of soft-starters and with diverse rotor fault conditions are considered in the work. The results prove the potential of the approach for the reliable assessment of the rotor condition in such machines.