mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Geological features and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xinken oil field, Tarim Basin

Recently, a large-scale Ordovician oil and gas pool has been discovered in Xinken, north of the Tarim Basin, and it has strongly heterogeneous reservoirs and complicated fluid distribution. Through analyzing oil, gas and water samples collected from this area, in combination of field production and testing data, this study reveals that the Xinken oil pool contains dominantly normal oil characterized by low viscosity, low sulphur, and high wax. It has a low content of natural gas, which presents typical characteristics of wet gas and is oil-associated gas. Oil-gas correlation shows that the oil was from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks and the charge and accumulation of oil and gas took place in the Late Hercynian Period. Controlled by paleogeomorphology, sedimentary facies, ancient karstification, faults, and other factors in the Caledonian Period, the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are dominated by dissolved pores, cavities and fractures. The reservoir body of fractures and cavities is distributed in the shape of strip and laminate along faults and excellent reservoirs are mostly in the range of 70–100 m below the top of the Yijianfang Formation. As a whole, the Xinken oil pool is a fracture-cavity pool controlled by interbedded karst reservoirs and is a complex composed of stacked karst fractures and cavities of various sizes. It contains oil in large areas horizontally, which is quasi-laminated in distribution, and the accumulation of oil and gas is controlled by the distribution and development degree of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. The study shows that this area has abundant resources and a great exploration potential for oil and gas.
基于地面三维激光扫描技术的建筑物整体位移监测

依据主成分分析算法可以提取点云数据特征的原理，提出基于主成分分析的建筑物三维空间姿态计算方法，并研究利用建筑物三维空间姿态确定建筑物刚体位移的原理和实现步骤。利用实测数据对所提出的方法进行试验分析，验证了该方法应用于确定建筑物刚体位移的可行性。
数字边界中地理空间元数据体系框架设计

分析数字边界工程建设中地理空间元数据技术的重要意义，并在研究边界数据类型和特点的基础上，进行地理空间元数据的体系框架设计，为下一步确定各级元数据的具体内容奠定基础。
Study of the coordinative nature of alkylaluminum modified Phillips CrO_x/SiO_2 catalyst by multinuclear solid-state NMR

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the coordinative states of surface Al species on various alkylaluminum-modified Phillips CrO_x/SiO_2 catalysts. The alkylaluminum-modified Phillips CrO_x/SiO_2 catalysts were examined via ethylene homopolymerization. ~1H and ~(27)Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra clearly demonstrated that the existing states of surface Al species in alkylaluminum-modified catalysts strongly depended on the type of alkylaluminum cocatalyst, concentration of alkylaluminum and the calcination temperature. ~1H MAS NMR spectra of alkylaluminum-modified Phillips CrO_x/SiO_2 catalysts, calcined at two different temperatures, exhibited similar trends in peak shift. ~1H spectra showed that with an increase of Al/Cr ratio and calcination temperature, the main peak shifted to high field, indicating that the dominant surface proton species changed from hydroxyl to ethoxyl and ethyl groups. ~(27)A1 MAS NMR spectra showed the presence of three different coordination states (6-, 5-, and 4-coordinated Al species) in the alkylaluminum-modified Phillips catalysts. In comparison of different alkylaluminum cocatalysts, it was found that the reactivity of alkylaluminum modified Phillips catalyst decreased in the order of TEA>DEAH>DEAE. The amount of 4-coordinated Al species of Phillips catalysts modified by TEA, DEAE and DEAH also decreased in the order of TEA>DEAH>DEAE, indicating that the presence of 4-coordinated Al species is related to the polymerization activity.
Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells

SAGD horizontal wells are used to enhance oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs. This technology requires precise separation between the production well and the injection well to ensure the efficient drainage of the reservoir. By studying the attitude of the downhole probe tube and the production well trajectory, an algorithm is proposed for eliminating ferromagnetic interference while drilling injection wells. A high accuracy filter circuit has been designed to correct the detected magnetic signals, which are ultra-weak, frequency-instable, and narrow-band. The directional drilling magnetic guidance system (DD-MGS) has been developed by integrating these advanced techniques. It contains a sub-system for the ranging calculation software, a magnetic source, a downhole probe tube and a sub-system for collecting & processing the detected signals. The DD-MGS has succeeded in oilfield applications. It can guide the directional drilling trajectory not only in the horizontal section but also in the build section of horizontal injection wells. This new technology has broad potential applications.
Tectonics-palaeogeomorphology in rift basins: controlling effect on the sequence architecture

The relationship between deposition and tectonics of sedimentary basins has been a significant subject in recent years. Using typical rift basins such as the Nanpu Sag as an example, combined with the analysis of the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of basins, we undertook a detailed study of the differences of the third-order sequences in different basins, the combination of depositional systems within the sequence framework and the distribution of depocenters and subsidence centers. Our results revealed a significant relationship between the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of rift basins and the filling styles of sedimentary sequences. The basin structure plays a primary role in controlling the development of the third-order sequences and the boundary of these sequences is easily formed in basins with gentle slopes, shallow water and a small area. The characteristics of the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of rift basins are dominated by half-grabens of extensional faults, which affect the temporal and spatial combination of sedimentary systems within the sequences as well as the distribution of depocenters and subsidence centers. Based on the development rules of the faults dominating the half-grabens of extensional faults, rift basins are classified into two types: the single fault segmented-linkage type and the multi-fault combination type. The main controlling factors of the temporal and spatial combination of sedimentary systems and the distribution of depocenters and subsidence centers in different basins are different. The characteristics of early segmentation and later linkage of the faults play a critical role in controlling the sedimentary system combination within the sequence framework and the temporal and spatial differences of depocenters and subsidence centers of the single fault segmented-linkage rift basins, while the differences in fault activities are the dominating factors of the multi-fault combination rift basins.
Safety prognostic technology in complex petroleum engineering systems: progress, challenges and emerging trends

Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process variables under monitoring. As the systems grow increasingly large, high speed, automated and intelligent, the nonlinear relations among these process variables and their effects on accidents are to be fully understood for both system reliability and safety assurance. Failures that occur during the process can both cause tremendous loss to the petroleum industry and compromise product quality and affect the environment. Therefore, failures should be detected as soon as possible, and the root causes need to be identified so that corrections can be made in time to avoid further loss, which relate to the safety prognostic technology. By investigation of the relationship of accident causing factors in complex systems, new progress into diagnosis and prognostic technology from international research institutions is reviewed, and research highlights from China University of Petroleum (Beijing) in this area are also presented. By analyzing the present domestic and overseas research situations, the current problems and future directions in the fundamental research and engineering applications are proposed.
An investigation into the deformation, movement and coalescence characteristics of water-in-oil droplets in an AC electric field

Drop-drop coalescence is important in electric dehydrators used for oil-water separation in the oil industry. The deformation degree, angle between the electric field and the center line of two drops, effects of intensities and frequencies of the electric field have been studied by analyzing droplet images. However, seldom have people investigated the movement and the relative velocity in the process of drop-drop coalescence. In this paper forces acting on a single droplet and horizontal water droplets in an AC electric field were analyzed, and experiments were carried out to investigate the deformation, movement and coalescence characteristics of droplets with white oil and water. With a micro high-speed camera system and image processing technology, the droplet images were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the deformation is mainly affected by the electric field intensity, frequency, droplet diameter and the oil viscosity. High field strength and large diameter facilitate deformation of drops in the electric field. The effect of frequency and oil viscosity is not obvious. Higher frequency and higher oil viscosity will lead to smaller oscillation amplitude. The effect of electric field intensity and droplet diameter on oscillation amplitude is not obvious. When the center-to-center distance between droplets is large, the forces acting on droplets in the horizontal direction are mainly dipole-dipole attraction and drag forces. There is also the film-thinning force when droplets get closer. The forces are simplified and derived. Based on force analysis and Newton's second law, the relative movement is analyzed in different parts, and the relationship of center-to-center distance and time is in accordance with an explinear function at different stages. According to experimental data, the movement of 145 μm double droplets before coalescence can be fitted well with an explinear function at two stages. In addition, the whole movement process is investigated and can be estimated with a fourth order polynomial curve, from which the relative velocity of droplet movement can also be obtained. With an increases in electric field intensity and droplet diameter and a decrease in oil viscosity, the relative velocity increases. Only when the oil-water interfacial tension is obviously high, can it influence the relative movement significantly. The coalescence is mainly dipole coalescence and chain coalescence under influence of the AC electric field.
Oil-soluble Ni-Mo sulfide nanoparticles and their hydrogenation catalytic properties

Oil-soluble bimetallic Ni-Mo sulfide nanoparticles (NiMoS) with narrow size distribution were successfully synthesized through a composite-surfactants-assisted- solvothermal process. The surface functionality and lipophilicity of the Ni-Mo sulfides were shown by transmission electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The as-prepared Ni-Mo sulfides supported on activated carbon (NiMoS/AC) exhibited enhanced catalytic activity towards naphthalene hydrogenation instead of cracking. For comparison, CoMoS/AC and MoS_2/AC catalysts were also prepared through similar procedures, and it was found that their catalytic performance decreased in the order of NiMoS/ AC>CoMoS/AC>MoS_2/AC. Furthermore, the activity of the bimetallic NiMoS nanocatalyst can be effectively tuned via variation of the atomic ratio of Ni/(Ni+Mo).
Characteristics and accumulation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Upper Paleozoic, northern Ordos Basin, China

The Ordos Basin is a significant petroliferous basin in the central part of China. The Carboniferous and Permian deposits of transitional and continental facies are the main gas-bearing layers in the north part of the basin. The Carboniferous and Permian natural gas reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin are mainly tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability, developing lots of "sweet spots" with comparatively high porosity and permeability. The tight sandstones in the study area are gas-bearing, and the sweet spots are rich in gas. Sweet spots and tight sandstones are connected rather than being separated by an interface seal. Sweet spot sand bodies are vertically and horizontally overlapped, forming a large gas reservoir group. In fact, a reservoir formed by a single sweet spot sand body is an open gas accumulation. In the gentle dipping geological setting and with the source rocks directly beneath the tight reservoirs over a large area, the balance between gas charging into tight reservoirs from source rocks and gas loss from tight reservoirs through caprock is the key of gas accumulation in tight sandstones. Both the non-Darcy flow charging driven by source-reservoir excess pressure difference and the diffusion flow charging driven by source-reservoir gas concentration difference play an important role in gas accumulation. The results of mathematical modeling indicate that the gas accumulation cannot be formed by just one of the above mechanisms. The diffusion of gas from source rocks to reservoirs is a significant mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation.
Numerical simulation of gas transport mechanisms in tight shale gas reservoirs

Due to the nanometer scale pore size and extremely low permeability of a shale matrix, traditional Darcy's law can not exactly describe the combined gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion. Three transport models modified by the Darcy equation with apparent permeability are used to describe the combined gas transport mechanisms in ultra-tight porous media, the result shows that Knudsen diffusion has a great impact on the gas transport and Darcy's law cannot be used in a shale matrix with a pore diameter less than 1 μm. A single porosity model and a double porosity model with consideration of the combined gas transport mechanisms are developed to evaluate the influence of gas transport mechanisms and fracture parameters respectively on shale gas production. The numerical results show that the gas production predicted by Darcy's law is lower than that predicted with consideration of Knudsen diffusion and the tighter the shale matrix, the greater difference of the gas production estimates. In addition, the numerical simulation results indicate that shale fractures have a great impact on shale gas production. Shale gas cannot be produced economically without fractures.
贾英杰教授运用气旺磨积论治疗肿瘤的经验

贾英杰教授为天津中医药大学第一附属医院肿瘤科主任，担任中华中医药学会肿瘤分会副主任委员、中国中西医结合学会肿瘤专业委员会常委等职务，2012年被评为“天津市十佳医务工作者”。贾师从医近30年，善于探微钩玄，往往能执病之牛耳，从而战胜顽疾。笔者有幸侍诊左右，受益良多。现将其运用气旺磨积论的经验试述如下，以饷同道。
濒危药用植物短柄乌头空间分布格局的研究

目的通过对濒危药用植物短柄乌头空间分布格局的研究为短柄乌头种质资源的保护和持续利用提供科学依据。方法采用扩散系数的t检验、Poisson分布的χ~2拟合检验及Morisita指数的F检验研究了短柄乌头(Aconitumbrachypdum)种群的空间分布类型；用负二项参数(K)、Cassie指标(1/K)、Green指数(GI)和Lloyd的平均拥挤度(m~*)与聚块性指标(PA1)研究其聚集强度。同时利用上述指数研究了取样面积、苗龄对短柄乌头种群分布格局和聚集强度的影响，分析了分布格局形成的原因。结果总体上短柄乌头种群的分布格局类型为集群分布，种群聚集尺度多为8 m~2；当年生植株种群聚集强度高于多年生种群；整个种群分布格局的演化趋向于高聚集强度的集群分布。结论短柄乌头集群分布格局的形成，与人类活动、自身的生物学及种群所依存的环境因素有关。在短柄乌头的保护策略上，应当首先保护其自然分布区的生境。
电针结合康复训练对脑卒中肢体痉挛大鼠突触结合蛋白I表达的影响研究

目的观察康复训练结合电针治疗对脑卒中肢体痉挛大鼠神经功能、运动功能、肌张力及大鼠脑干、脊髓中突触结合蛋白I(Syt I)表达的影响。方法将75只SD大鼠随机分为5组，模型组、康复组、电针组和综合组采用线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血动物模型，空白组不做任何处理。造模成功后分别采用康复训练、电针、康复训练结合电针三种不同的治疗方案，每天1次，连续治疗6d。术后第1、3、9天，分别评估神经功能、运动功能和肌张力变化；治疗结束后处死大鼠，应用免疫组织化学法测定Syt I的表达。结果术后1天、各组间无明显差异,术后3d，各组评分分值均有降低的趋势，但其差异无统计学意义。术后9d,康复组、电针组和综合组于模型组比较，各项指标都有所改善，以综合组较为明显，组间比较有统计学意义。结论康复训练、电针、康复训练结合电针三种不同的治疗方案，均可改善脑卒中肢体痉挛大鼠的神经功能、运动功能、肌张力，并可上调脑干、脊髓颈膨大、腰膨大中SytI的表达，而尤以康复训练结合电针治疗方案更优。
杞菊地黄丸治疗慢性肾盂肾炎的临床研究

目的探讨杞菊地黄丸对慢性肾盂肾炎患者的临床治疗效果。方法随机将128例慢性肾盂肾炎（肝肾阴虚型）患者分为对照组和实验组，每组各64例。对照组患者应用抗生素进行抗感染治疗，实验组在对照组患者治疗方法的基础上给予杞菊地黄丸，比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、血清免疫球蛋白改善情况、尿液中ALB、β_2-MG及NAG水平及肝肾功能等。结果经过治疗后，对照组患者总有效率为93.8%(60/64)；实验组患者总有效率为95.3%(61/64)，差异不具有统计学意义；随访6个月后对照组患者复发率18.8%(12/64)，实验组患者复发率3.1%(2/64)，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；实验组患者的血清免疫球蛋白、尿液中ALB、β_2-MG及NAG水平及肝肾功能等指标均优于对照组患者，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论杞菊地黄丸对慢性肾盂肾炎患者疗效确切，能够显著提高临床治疗效果，减少复发率，改善肾功能，增强机体免疫力，安全可靠，值得在临床治疗过程中进一步推广使用。
再生障碍性贫血合并巨大肝脓肿破裂1例

讨论肝脓肿早期未形成脓腔时，呈中低回声，边界不清楚；脓肿出现液化时，囊壁渐明显且较厚，边界欠清楚；完全液化时，脓液的稠厚度不同内部回声相应变化，较稠的脓液内部回声点较多，有漂动，可见“分层现象”，上层为无回声，下层为不规则增强回声区。再生障碍性贫血患者由于骨髓造血功能衰竭，外周全血细胞减少，临床以贫血、出血和感染为主要表现。本例患者有高热病史，由于剧烈咳嗽这一诱因，导致肝脓肿破裂后出现休克。
小麦新品种黔麦18号的选育与应用

以矮败小麦为基础,采用烟大牟、贵农21等小麦育种材料进行不完合双列杂交,组建成小麦抗白粉病基础群体,从该基础群体中成功选育出高产、优质、抗病性好的小麦新品种黔麦18号(黔审麦2010001号),并在贵州省内黔西、惠水、兴义、毕节等地进行推广应用3300hm~2以上。
5种种子提取物的防腐作用研究

通过体外培养法实验,研究了金丝指葫芦、马齿苋、肉桂、香樟、银杏等5种植物种子提取液对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌效果。结果表明:金丝指葫芦、肉桂、香樟、银杏、马齿苋种子提取液对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈分别为11.07、10.19、10.10、10.09、8.17mm,对黑曲霉的抑菌率分别为51.16%、44.54%、47.77%、49.26%、23.05%。选择金丝指葫芦、肉桂、香樟、银杏4种植物种子进行复方正交实验,得到最佳抑菌复方为:金丝指葫芦种子30 mol/mL,肉桂种子5 mol/mL,香樟种子10 mol/mL,银杏种子80mol/mL。毒理实验证明,此复方对原代大鼠肝细胞无明显细胞毒性。
贵州省黔东南主要用材树种资源调查研究

通过对黔东南主要用材树种资源的研究,得出黔东南主要用材树种有57科151属413种,其中,裸子植物6科15属20种,被子植物51科136属393种,并根据木材特征、特性及用途进行了分类,为开发利用这些用材树种资源提供依据。
播量、行距对裸燕麦籽粒品质的影响

以裸燕麦青引3号莜麦(Avena nuda L. cv. Qingyin No. 3)为材料,研究了播量和行距对籽粒产量及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,播量和行距对籽粒产量、β-葡聚糖含量,也对籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪及β-葡聚糖产量均有显著的影响。播量和行距也对裸燕麦籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量有影响。在播量120kg/hm~2和行距20 cm处理下,裸燕麦籽粒、粗蛋白和粗脂肪及 β-葡聚糖产量均达最高值。裸燕麦籽粒粗蛋白质Yp(kg/hm~2)和粗脂肪Ye(kg/hm~2)及β-葡聚糖产量Y(kg/hm~2)可用其与N(kg/hm~2)和P(P_2O_5,kg/hm~2)肥间的二元二次回归方程估测。
成人原发性纵隔恶性黑色素瘤1例报道

恶性黑色素瘤发病率相对较低,约占所有恶性肿瘤的1%~3%。恶性黑色素瘤可发生于多种组织器官,其中90%发生于皮肤,另外10%发生于眼球的虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜,口腔、消化道、泌尿生殖系统的黏膜,以及脑膜的脉络膜等处。纵隔肿瘤是一类比较常见的疾病,但恶性黑色素瘤原发于纵隔者极为罕见。我院收治1例原发于纵隔的恶性黑色素瘤患者,现结合文献复习,报道如下。
某仪表厂汽油接触对健康损害的调查分析

为探讨溶剂汽油对作业工人健康的影响,对某仪表厂研磨和清洗两个工作间空气中溶剂汽油浓度进行监测,对工人中毒情况进行统计分析。结果显示,两组人员作业环境空气中溶剂汽油浓度均超标,其中研磨车间平均超标9. 2倍,清洗车间平均超标0. 2倍。研磨工人发生汽油慢性中毒6例。此外,研磨工神经衰弱症状、神经肌电检查结果异常(运动和感觉神经传导速度减慢、神经反射潜伏期延长)以及某些神经系统阳性体征的发生率明显高于清洗工。提示,该厂汽油接触水平已经导致健康损害,主要表现在神经系统。
噪声作业工人1 011例听力损伤及相关因素分析

为了解某企业1 011名噪声作业工人听力损伤情况,分析听力损伤的相关因素。对作业场所进行现场噪声测定,对工人进行问卷调查及听力检测,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE) 。结果显示,噪声从业人员听力损伤检出率为17.11%。经线性趋势检验显示,听力检测结果与CNE呈线性关系,且听力损失检出率随CNE的增加而增加(Z=—4. 05, P<0. 0001) ; Logistic回归分析显示:在控制性别因素情况下,CNE >95dB(A)的两组噪声作业工人听力损伤检出率分别是CNE<85dB(A)的2. 58与3. 22倍。提示,对接触噪声人员实施个体防护是噪声防护最经济有效的措施;CNE可作为佩戴耳塞的噪声作业工人的听力损伤的评价指标。
4例婴儿真菌性肾盂肾炎的护理

总结4例婴儿真菌性肾盂肾炎的护理。护理要点是密切观察病情、协助尽早诊断、做好发热与肾盂引流的护理及出院宣教。4例患儿均治愈,随访未见尿路感染复发。
大学生乙型肝炎疫苗无应答者再免疫一剂60μg疫苗的效果观察

乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）是威胁人类健康的疾病之一，如今已成为世界性疾病。自1992年中国推荐新生儿接种乙肝疫苗后，婴幼儿感染率明显下降，但2006年全国乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示，中国1~59岁人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率为7.18%，仍处于较高水平。据此估计，2010年中国的慢性乙肝病毒感染者约为9300万。2009年卫生部提出对15岁以下儿童实施乙肝疫苗查漏补种，此后还将对新生儿以外人群尤其是15岁以上乙肝高危人群、低免疫应答、无免疫应答人群鼓励实施乙肝疫苗免疫接种。笔者观察了某高校大学生全程免疫接种20μg乙肝疫苗后无免疫应答者再免疫一剂60μg乙肝疫苗的效果，现将结果报告如下。
应用肿胀技术制作腹部真皮下血管网皮瓣治疗手部套脱伤

手部套状撕脱伤是临床的治疗难题,治疗方法多样[4]。2008年6月至2012年4月,我们应用肿胀技术制作腹部真皮下血管网皮瓣治疗手部套状撕脱伤12例,获得了较满意的效果。
吻合血管的部分姆趾或第二趾甲皮瓣修复手指甲床缺损

甲床缺损是手指常见损伤,如果行残端修整或皮瓣修复对功能及外观影响较大;为了改善外观及功能,治疗方法很多。2008年10月至2012年2月,我科对58例(60指)甲床缺损的患者,采用吻合血管游离部分姆趾或第二趾甲皮瓣修复,术后甲皮瓣全部存活,指甲生长良好,甲床光滑、亮泽,疗效满意。
Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices Based on a Poly(2-Methoxy, 5-Octoxy)-l, 4-Phenylenevinylene-Single Walled Carbon Nanotube-ZnSe Quantum Dots Active Layer

A solution-processed bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell is fabricated based on poly[(2-methoxy, 5-octoxy)-l, 4-phenylenevinylene](MOPPV)-single walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)-ZnSe quantum dots. The surface morphology shows the formation of an interpenetrating network between well-dispersed SWNTs and ZnSe in the MOPPV matrix. A blue-shifted absorption band indicates the strong electron interaction between SWNTs, ZnSe and MOPPV. A marked increase in the short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MOPPV-SWNT-ZnSe/LiF/Al devices was achieved and compared with that without SWNTs. Results indicate that the enhanced performance is contributed by a high photocurrent due to efficient exciton dissociation and increased mobility for carrier transport in the SWNT pathway.
High-Q Photonic Crystal Cavity in a Single-Mode Silicon Ridge Waveguide

We demonstrate experimentally a high-Q one-dimensional photonic crystal cavity in a widely-used 450 × 220 nm single mode silicon ridge waveguide. Transmission spectrum measurement is performed by using the vertical fiber-grating coupling characterization method. The Q factor up to 2.6 × 10~4 is found by fitting the line shape of the transmission spectrum, and the normalized transmission of nearly 20% is achieved. Three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations show that the modal volume of the fundamental mode is 1.1 (λ/n)~3. With the standard silicon waveguide width, the demonstrated 1D PhC cavity may be used as a building block for integrated photonic circuits and on-chip sensing applications.
Suppression of the Thermal Effects in the Femtosecond Laser Processing of Fiber Bragg Gratings

The thermal effects on the processing of type-I IR fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using a femtosecond laser with a phase mask are investigated. Thermal effects are significantly suppressed by using interval exposure mode and reducing the tension on the fiber. FBGs with improved photo-induced refractive index modulation are fabricated in the standard telecom fiber. The index modulation reaches 1.6 × 10~(-3). The reflectivity and bandwidth are measured to be - 0.36 dB and 1.27nm, respectively.
Markov decision processes associated with two threshold probability criteria

This paper deals with Markov decision processes with a target set for nonpositive rewards. Two types of threshold probability criteria are discussed. The first criterion is a probability that a total reward is not greater than a given initial threshold value, and the second is a probability that the total reward is less than it. Our first (resp. second) optimizing problem is to minimize the first (resp. second) threshold probability. These problems suggest that the threshold value is a permissible level of the total reward to reach a goal (the target set), that is, we would reach this set over the level, if possible. For the both problems, we show that 1) the optimal threshold probability is a unique solution to an optimality equation, 2) there exists an optimal deterministic stationary policy, and 3) a value iteration and a policy space iteration are given. In addition, we prove that the first (resp. second) optimal threshold probability is a monotone increasing and right (resp. left) continuous function of the initial threshold value and propose a method to obtain an optimal policy and the optimal threshold probability in the first problem by using them in the second problem.
大面积烧伤留置鼻饲管致上呼吸道梗阻一例

笔者总结的经验与教训如下:(1)长期留置鼻饲管患者出现打鼾时,须警惕呼吸道梗阻可能,可试行拔除鼻饲管,并注意控制全身性感染的发生。当患者清醒安静时发出类似打鼾般呼吸声、吸气性喘鸣,即为上呼吸道梗阻的明确表现,须立即拔除鼻饲管,静脉注射地塞米松消肿,床旁气管切开准备,短时疗效不明显时,果断实施气管切开防止窒息。(2)为防止长期留置界饲管引起呼吸道梗阻,宜选择窄管径、质地较柔软的槔饲管。当出现咽喉部不适、疼痛时,宜拔除棵饲管,暂停鼻饲数天,予经口营养及肠外营养,待咽喉部不适消除后重新舆饲。尽早治愈原发病使留置鼻饲管时间缩短,是防止呼吸道梗阻的根本。
变性真皮与正常皮肤中微小RNA的差异表达研究

变性真皮是指在深度烧伤创面上发生了组织细胞新陈代谢障碍、细胞功能降低,但局部环境改善后能恢复正常形态和功能的部分真皮。保留变性真皮结合大张自体皮移植修复深度烧伤创面可以减少瘢痕挛缩,获得较好的外观和功能。然而,变性真皮转归过程中细胞间的相互作用及结构重塑机制有待阐明。
第1足趾胫侧趾动脉背侧皮支蒂趾背神经营养皮瓣修复第1足趾趾端缺损九例

外伤性第1足趾趾端缺损是临床常见损伤,创面多伴有骨及肌腱外露,以往普遍行残端修整,手术方法简单但会造成患趾进一步短缺,患者很难接受。2010年6月一2012年1月,笔者单位收治9例第1足趾趾端缺损的患者,均采用第1足趾胫侧趾动脉背侧皮支蒂趾背神经营养皮瓣进行修复,获得较好疗效,现介绍如下。