mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
节水灌溉对盐渍土盐分调控与土壤微生物区系的影响

河套灌区是我国大型自流灌区之一,盐渍化是该区土壤主要障碍因素之一。目前,河套灌区葵花田生育期灌溉量约为1 100~1 200 m3hm-2,灌溉用水量偏大和地下水位偏高已成为制约当地灌溉农业可持续发展的主要障碍:一方面,水资源浪费严重;另一方面，过度灌溉会加重表土盐渍化。此外，黄河来水持续减少，河套灌区2010年引水指标为35.68亿m~3，较1994年减少5.32亿m~3，且还需进一步缩减。在土壤盐渍化和水资源紧缺化的双重压力下，制定农田控盐和节水灌溉相结合的节水控盐灌溉制度，是当地节约用水和防治土壤盐渍化的当务之急。在以往的研究中，张德山提出河套灌区必须以排定灌，抑制灌后土壤返盐。前人多用土壤理化指标和作物产量指标分析灌溉效果，对于不同灌溉量的盐渍土土壤微生物区系变化报道较少。目前，国内外针对灌溉对土壤微生物的影响研究多集中在非清洁水灌溉和不同灌溉方式等方面。作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标之一，土壤微生物可反映土壤生态系统的功能演变和改良状态，因此，研究不同灌溉量的土壤微生物区系变化有助于合理灌溉制度的确定。
基于可见-近红外光谱的滨海盐土土壤盐分预测方法

我国目前尚存盐渍土0.35亿hm2,潜在盐渍化土壤0.17亿hm2,15 m等深线以内的浅海和滩涂有0.14亿hm2,黄河河口及长江口以南诸省的滨海盐土都有逐年递增的趋势[1]。因此,对盐渍化土壤盐渍化程度的连续、实时监测尤为重要。然而,我国在区域盐渍土制图、分区及全国性的监测预报体系建设方面还比较落后[2]，究其原因主要是目前盐渍化土壤信息大都依靠实验室物理分析或者野外快速测定，对区域监测而言效率较低，而一些新型的区域测定电导率的方法，比如磁感大地电导率仪的应用性还不够广泛[3]。
药物超敏反应综合征后发生白癜风二例

药物超敏反应综合征（drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome，DIHS)，又称伴嗜酸粒细胞增多和系统症状的药疹(drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms,DRESS),以发热、遍及全身的带有水肿的弥漫性红斑、嗜酸粒细胞升高和内脏受累特别是肝功能异常为特征，目前认为是由病毒感染[人类疱疹病毒6或7型(HHV6/7)、Epstein Barr病毒(EB)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)等]介导的药物性系统性皮炎，是T淋巴细胞介导的迟发型超敏反应[1]。已有DRESS治愈后相隔数月至数年发生自身免疫病的报道。现报道2例DRESS后4-9个月发生泛发型白癜风。
Comparative study of optic disc measurement by Copernicus optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomography

Background Copernicus optical coherence tomography (SOCT) is a new, ultra high-speed and high-resolution instrument available for clinical evaluation of optic nerve. The purpose of the study was to compare the agreements between SOCT and Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT).Methods A total of 44 healthy normal volunteers were recruited in this study. One eye in each subject was selected randomly. Agreement between SOCT and HRT-3 in measuring optic disc area was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Relationships between measurements of optic nerve head parameter obtained by SOCT and HRT-3 were assessed by Pearson correlation.Results There was no significant difference in the average cup area (0.306 vs. 0.355 mm, P=0.766), cup volume (0.158 vs. 0.130 mm, P=0.106) and cup/disc ration (0.394 vs. 0.349 mm, P=0.576) measured by the two instruments. However, other optic disc parameters from SOCT were significantly lower compared with HRT-3. The Bland-Altman plot revealed good agreement of cup area and cup volume measured by SOCT and HRT-3. Bad agreement of disc area, rim area, rim volume and cup/disc ratio were found between SOCT and HRT-3. The highest correlations between the two instruments were observed for cup area (r2=0.783, P=0.000) and cup/disc ratio (r2=0.669, P=0.000), whereas the lowest correlation was observed for disc area (r2=0.100, P=0.037), rim area (r2=0.275, P=0.000), cup volume (r2=0.005, P=0.391) and rim volume (r2=0.021, P=0.346).
Modulation of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis by Intraseasonal Oscillation of the ITCZ:A Statistical Analysis

The present study investigates modulation of western North Pacific(WNP) tropical cyclone(TC) genesis in relation to different phases of the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) of ITCZ convection during May to October in the period 1979-2008.The phases of the ITCZ ISO were determined based on 30-80-day filtered OLR anomalies averaged over the region(5-20 N,120-150 E).The number of TCs during the active phases was nearly three times more than during the inactive phases.The active(inactive) phases of ISO were characterized by low-level cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation anomalies,higher(lower) midlevel relative humidity anomalies,and larger(smaller) vertical gradient anomalies of relative vorticity associated with enhanced(weakened) ITCZ convection anomalies.During the active phases,TCs tended to form in the center of the ITCZ region.Barotropic conversion from the low-level mean flow is suggested to be the major energy source for TC formation.The energy conversion mainly depended on the zonal and meridional gradients of the zonal flow during the active phases.However,barotropic conversion weakened greatly during the inactive phases.The relationship between the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity and low-level zonal flow indicates that the sign of the absolute vorticity gradient tends to be reversed during the two phases,whereas the same sign between zonal flow and the absolute vorticity gradient is more easily satisfied in the active phases.Thus,the barotropic instability of low-level zonal flow might be an important mechanism for TC formation over the WNP during the active phases of ISO.
Altimetric Data Assimilation by EnOI and 3DVAR in a Tropical Pacific Model:Impact on the Simulation of Variability

When altimetric data is assimilated,3DVAR and Ensemble Optimal Interpolation(EnOI) have different ways of projecting the surface information downward.In 3DVAR,it is achieved by minimizing a cost function relating the temperature,salinity,and sea level.In EnOI,however,the surface information is propagated to other variables via a stationary ensemble.In this study,the differences between the two methods were compared and their impacts on the simulated variability were evaluated in a tropical Pacific model.Sea level anomalies(SLA) from the TOPEX/Poseidon were assimilated using both methods on data from 1997 to 2001 in a coarse resolution model.Results show that the standard deviation of sea level was improved by both methods,but the EnOI was more effective in the central/eastern Pacific.Meanwhile,the SLA evolution was better reproduced with EnOI than with 3DVAR.Correlations of temperature with the reanalysis data increased with EnOI by 0.1-0.2 above 200 m.In the eastern Pacific below 200 m,the correlations also increased by 0.2.However,the correlations decreased with 3DVAR in many areas.Correlations with the independent TAO profiles were also compared at two locations.While the correlations increased by up to 0.2 at some depths with EnOI,3DVAR generally reduced the correlations by 0.1-0.3.Though both methods were able to reduce the model-data difference in climatological sense,3DVAR appears to have degraded the simulated variability,especially during El Nin o-Southern Oscillation events.For salinity,similar results were found from the correlations.This tendency should be considered in future SLA assimilations,though the comparisons may vary among different model implementations.
沃特世超高效合相色谱(ACQUTIY UPC2)分析二甲基苯胺异构体

微量二甲基苯胺(DMA)类化学物质暴露于环境中引起的影响在流行病学和毒理学领域中是一个令人关注的话题.本文介绍了在不进行衍生化处理的情况下,利用沃特世(Waters)全新超高效合相色谱(ACQUTIY UPC2 TM)对全部6种DMA异构体实现分离,并与传统的超临界流体色谱(SFC)方法进行了比较.
气相色谱-离子阱-多级质谱法测定土壤中14种有机氯农药

有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)是一类重要的难降解有机污染物,对土壤中这类农药的监测和研究非常必要,但土壤中有机氯农药残留前处理方法大多步骤繁琐,耗时耗溶剂,土壤样品的前处理远比液体和蔬菜等样品复杂,且在很大程度上样品的前处理决定着分析结果的准确性和可靠性.
调节性T细胞的辐射响应及其特异性microRNA的作用研究进展

淋巴细胞是辐射敏感细胞,不同淋巴细胞亚群对射线的敏感程度不同,表现为受照后淋巴细胞不同亚群的比例发生改变,其中以CD4+T细胞中调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Treg)的比例变化尤为显著~（[1-3]）。Treg细胞占循环系统中CD4+T细胞的5%~10%,其增殖能力较低,在免疫耐受、维持机体免疫平衡等方面发挥重要的调节作用~([4]),在辐射诱导中的变化值得关注。特别是近年来,对Treg发挥调节作用的机制研究不仅进一步证实了其免疫抑制功能,而且发现microRNA是保障其发挥功能的重要因素~(5-6])。本文就辐射对Treg细胞的影响以及Treg藻早细胞中特异性microRNA的作用相关研究进展作一综述。
CT与MRI融合技术在前列腺癌放疗计划中的应用

通常前列腺癌靶区勾画及放疗计划设计都是在CT图像上进行,而MRI能够多平面成像,且T2加权图像有很好的软组织分辨率,能较CT提供更多的前列腺内部结构信息以及更好的确定前列腺边界、肿瘤的范围,可以观察前列腺被膜有无破坏、突破以及精囊是否受侵,以上特点使得MRI在前列腺癌放射治疗靶区勾画中有着重要的作用~([1])。本研究利用计划系统中的图像融合技术实现CT与MRI图像融合,探讨融合图像在前列腺癌靶区勾画中的作用,评价其在3D-CRT和IMRT计划中对周围器官保护的影响。
慢性便秘的非药物治疗

随着社会老龄化、饮食结构改变、精神心理压力、社会因素等影响,慢性便秘(chronic constipation,CC)的患病率逐年增加.CC可继发痔疮、肛裂等肛肠疾病,增加结肠癌、心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病等的发生风险,增加患者的经济和心理负担.目前的主流治疗是药物为主的经验治疗,长期药物排便导致的不良反应、疗效减退、医疗资源浪费等,使便秘的非药物治疗得以重视,本文就CC的非药物治疗方式进行初步探讨.
2010年中国慢性病监测项目的内容与方法

随着我国社会经济的发展和人们生活方式的改变，以心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、糖尿病等疾病为主的慢性病已成为影响我闰居民健康和经济社会发展所面临的严重挑战。慢性病的防洽策略和干预效果的评估必须依赖于对慢性病及其相关危险因素的监测，只有完善、灵敏的疾病监测系统才能及时掌握与慢性病相关的各种信息，为政府部门及时调整卫生政策，确立防治工作重点提供有力依据。
真菌诱导植物次生代谢产物积累的信号机制及在药用植物中的应用

采用真菌诱导植物特定次生代谢产物的积累已成为近年研究的热点领域之一。以近年来国内外研究报道为基础,介绍了诱导子的概念及研究概况,重点介绍了真菌诱导子调节植物次生代谢产物积累的早期信号机制,包括植物细胞对诱导子信号的识别、诱导子信号的转导和转移因子对信号的整合等方面;对我国学者利用诱导子促进生物碱、萜类、皂苷、黄酮类等关键活性化合物在药用植物积累中的应用进行了综述。对进一步完善人们对中药材道地性影响因素的认识,推动这一技术在我国药用植物品质改良中的应用等方面具有重要的参考价值。
Skyline平台下真实感模型生成方法研究

以广泛投入实际应用的3D GIS平台Skyline为基础平台,从着色的角度研究真实感模型的程序自动生成方法。程序生成的方式除了可以增强对象的立体感之外,还可以对构成模型的面片数量加以控制,以免对系统造成运行负担。最后将程序成功地运用到管线的自动建模及数据管理中。
Effects of Diagenesis on the Acoustic Velocity of the Triassic Oolitic Shoals in the Yudongzi Outcrop of Erlangmiao Area,Northwest Sichuan Basin

The oolitic shoals of the Triassic carbonate platform margin in the Yudongzi(鱼洞子) outcrop of Erlangmiao(二郎庙) area in the northwestern Sichuan(四川) basin present a scarce opportunity to quantitatively describe their diagenesis and its effects on the acoustic velocity.Using a detailed field geologic survey,profiles illustration of typical depositional system,and systematic testing,five types of diagenesis have been identified in the oolitic shoals:micritization,cementation,compaction and pressolution,dissolution,and dolomitisation.The cementation is composed of four subtypes(micrite cements,fibrous calcite cements,granular calcite cements,and blocky calcite cements).The dissolution is formed from three subtypes(freshwater selective dissolution,burial non-selective dissolution,and burial selective dissolution).The dolomitisation is composed of three subtypes(fine-crystalline dolomites,microcrystalline dolomites,and medium-crystalline dolomites).In order to quantitatively describe the diagenetic fabric of oolitic shoals,the micritic grain content,calcite cement content,mean pore diameter,pore types,dolomite content,and dolomite types have been evaluated.Based on these data,the relationship between the acoustic velocity and diagenesis of oolitic shoals has been established.The results show that the diagenetic fabric is linearly related with the acoustic velocity,and the general trend observed is as expected a decrease of velocity as the micritic grain content,mean pore diameter and dolomite content increase,or the sparite cement content decreases.This study will demonstrate that the transformation of diagenetic facies will probably make the petrophysical properties of the oolitic shoals regularly changed.The reflection configuration of diagenetic facies in the oolitic shoals can be shown in the synthetic seismic model simulated according to the P-wave impedance and S-wave impedance.
Reef Types and Sedimentation Characteristics of Changxing Formation in Manyue-Honghua Section of Kaixian,Northeastern Sichuan Basin

In Changxing(长兴) stage,Manyue(满月)-Honghua(红花) Section of Kaixian(开县),northeastern Sichuan(四川) Province was located in the platform-margin slope,which was the advantage area of reef-shoal depositional system developing.The strata of Changxing Formation are continuously exposed on both Honghua Section and Manyue Section.Four and two depositional cycles can be identified in Honghua Section and Manyue Section,respectively.They are all platform-margin reef-shoal deposits.Their lithologic associations have obvious sequence,which is as follows:micrite bioclast limestone,bafflestone,bindstone,framestone,and bioclast limestone,in order from below.The paleontological assemblages are controlled by water depth and genetic facies.Six paleontological assemblages can be identified in Honghua Section and Manyue Section;they are coral-calcareous algaecalcareous sponge assemblage,calcareous sponge-calcareous algae assemblage,calcareous spongecalcareous algae-coral-bryozoan assemblage,calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra assemblage,calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra-bryozoan assemblage,and calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra-bryozoan-coral assemblage.The study of lithologic associations and paleontological assemblages indicates that the water body shallowed upward in both the growth cycle of a single reef and the higher-grade depositional cycle.According to the water depth types of reef(bioherm) developing,three different reef-shoal depositional systems can be identified in study area:deep-water-type bioherm,transitional-type reef(bioherm),and more shallow-water-type reef.
Signaling Role of Sucrose Metabolism in Development

In most higher plants, sucrose is the primary organic carbon that is translocated through phloem from photosynthetic leaves (source) into non-photosynthetic tissues (sink) such as seed, fruit, and root. After phloem unloading in sinks, sucrose needs to be degraded into hexoses for diverse use by either invertase (Inv) that hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose or sucrose synthase (Sus) that degrades sucrose into UDPglucose and fructose. By generating hexoses and their derivates, Inv- or Sus-mediated sucrose metabolism and related transport process provide (1) energy source to power cellular processes; (2) starting molecules convertible to numerous metabolites and building blocks for synthesizing essential polymers including starch, cellulose, callose, and proteins; and (3) a mechanism to reduce sucrose concentration at the unloading sites to facilitate its source-to-sink translocation, thereby preventing feedback inhibition on photosynthesis and sustaining carbon flow at the whole-plant level. In parallel to these vital functions in plant physiology and biochemistry as detailed in a recent special issue of Molecular Plant on assimilate partitioning (e.g. Nunes-Nesi et al., 2010; Ruan et al., 2010), an increasing body of evidence has emerged in recent years that Inv and Sus could play important signaling roles in development, which opens up exciting new avenues for fundamental research and potential applications. This essay attempts to highlight some key aspects of this topic and outline future directions.
Digit and letter alexia in carbon monoxide poisoning

This study examined a 24-year-old patient with delayed encephalopathy, who was admitted to hospital with complaints of headache and visual impairment 1 week after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The results of a visual field assessment, electroencephalography and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated damage to the cerebral cortex. After a 2-week treatment period, the patient had recovered from the visual impairment, but exhibited digit- and letter-reading difficulty. The Chinese aphasia battery and the number and letter battery supplement were conducted. The results revealed that the patient exhibited digit and letter alexia, while the ability to read Chinese characters was preserved. In contrast, the patient exhibited a deficit in Chinese character writing, while number and letter writing remained intact. Following treatment, reading and writing ability was improved and electroencephalographic abnormalities were ameliorated. Overall, our experimental findings demonstrated that delayed encephalopathy following acute carbon monoxide poisoning was characterized by digit and letter alexia.
舌骨大角综合征一例

讨论喉内异物感、吞咽时喉部有声响的患者临床罕见。国内外曾报道近似病例10余例，包括甲状软骨板后缘过长，甲状软骨上角过长或向后内移位，舌骨大角过长与颈椎椎体结构摩擦，甲状软骨板一侧上缘过长，舌骨一侧骑在其上方等，均导致吞咽运动或头部运动时颈部骨或软骨性结构摩擦产生声响。而本例患者症状及原因与以往的报道并不完全相同。该例患者无颈部及咽喉部疼痛，触诊时双侧舌骨大角处无明显触痛点，与舌骨综合征特征亦不完全相符。段坤昌等于1995年针对临床某些病因不清的咽喉部异物感，通过对舌骨的测量和舌骨区毗邻关系进行的解剖学观察，并结合典型病例，提出“舌骨大角综合征”的概念。本例依此诊断为舌骨大角综合征。该病例中吞咽运动导致过长的舌骨大角与颈椎椎体及横突摩擦产生摩擦感及声响；舌骨大角过长，右侧舌骨大角向内侧弯曲，可解释患者喉内异物感及喉部压迫梗塞感等症状；误咽及易呛咳与喉上提、声带关闭和感觉功能有关。而本例患者舌骨大角过长导致下咽侧壁明显膨隆，膨隆处边缘接近声门裂上方，笔者分析认为该患者口鼻腔内分泌物可由膨隆处直接落人声门裂，这也可能为导致患者易呛咳的原因。本病例临床表现少见，易与咽异感症、茎突过长综合征、神经官能症等混淆，通过病史及查体，颈部CT等检查可明确诊。国内外报道病例中，患者接受手术治疗后症状均完全解除。本例通过切除双侧过长的舌骨大角以截短舌骨的方式行手术治疗，效果亦非常明显。
耳源性小脑脓肿二例

初步诊断:左侧中耳胆脂瘤并发左侧小脑半球脓肿、局限性脑膜炎、左侧横窦及乙状窦栓子.遂先转入神经外科治疗小脑脓肿,因脓肿壁尚未完全形成,暂给予抗感染及对症处理.转入神经外科第10天,患者头痛明显加重,意识模糊,颈项强直.
针道处理:聚维酮碘清洗与不用抗生素单纯清洗的比较

3项随机对照研究所获得的证据并不能明确，对于针道的护理，聚维酮碘清洗与不用抗生素单纯清洗比较，两处理组间感染率的发生是否在统计学上存在差异。其中2项临床研究以针道的数量进行统计，结果显示使用聚维酮碘消毒可能降低感染率，但是另1项临床研究则以患者数量进行计算，结果得出完全相反的结论，即使用聚维酮碘消毒可能增加感染率。因此，应进一步开展大样本随机对照研究，以明确相关结论。
关于骨盆与髋臼骨折并发症的几个常见问题

《中华创伤骨科杂志》本期发表骨盆与髋臼骨折专刊，对创伤骨科医生正确认识骨盆与髋臼骨折的处理有着积极的意义。回顾20世纪90年代以前国内文献（中国期刊全文数据库检索），共有149篇相关文章发表。但20世纪90年代至今已有3840篇文章发表，说明此领域的学术研究非常活跃！骨盆与髋臼骨折多为高能量暴力所致，除骨折本身之外，复杂严重的并发症往往为临床工作带来巨大挑战，就诊延误或处理不当亦可能导致严重的不良事件，甚至危及患者生命。本文主要就专刊发表之际，对骨盆与髋臼骨折并发症的几个重点问题进行讨论，希望借此文引起国内广大创伤骨科医生的重视。
急性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊治

急性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层是急腹症中少见的一类疾病，一般的肠系膜动脉夹层常伴随于主动脉的夹层而发生，而它却是独立出现的肠系膜上动脉的病变。患者常以急腹症表现来急诊就医，但目前临床医生对此病仍存在认识不足，首次就诊时检出率低，常有误诊漏诊情况。目前国内外对于该病尚缺少大宗的病例报道，也没有统一的治疗标准。笔者对浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院近3年来收治的此类患者作了回顾，并对其诊断和治疗做一些探讨。
不全治疗性化脓性脑膜炎诊治成功一例

关于不全治疗性化脓性脑膜脑炎，又称为部分治疗性脑膜脑炎，在抗生素不规范应用，化脓感染被部分控制未给予足计量、足疗程治疗以致病程迁延或持续。诊断关键是脑脊液检查。典型化脓性脑膜脑炎脑脊液生化及常规诊断有很大价值。但发热之初，没有考虑中枢感染未做脑脊液检查又应用抗生素可使临床症状不典型。并且脑脊液常规生化也可正常或轻度异常，极易误诊或漏诊，这时影像学检查可正常。最有重要价值的检查就是脑脊液细胞学，正常人脑脊液细胞学检查不应有中性粒细胞，中性粒细胞明显增多，对化脓性中枢感染诊断敏感性及特异性均较好。笔者认为不全治疗性脑膜脑炎的发生同抗生素不规范应用相关。
中药雄黄药用历史沿革及其安全性探讨

目的对中药雄黄的药用历史及其安全性进行探讨。方法查阅相关文献资料,从古文献对雄黄药性认识、临床毒副作用、现代毒理研究等方面进行总结阐述。结果及结论中药雄黄具有悠久的药用历史,古文献中多见其有毒的记载,并对其毒性及解毒已有较为深刻的认识。现代临床应用研究表明本品使用不当,易引发神经系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、心血管系统等多个系统的毒副作用,尤其在肝肾脏器中易引起蓄积性毒性。现代毒理学研究表明,雄黄具有致突变、致癌、细胞毒性、肝肾毒性等多方面毒性作用。临床应用过程中对其毒性应引起足够重视。
大黄酸建立“泻剂结肠”大鼠模型的研究

目的运用单体大黄酸建立泻剂结肠大鼠模型,观察模型的结肠传输功能。方法用活性炭灌胃法测定首粒黑便排出时间的方法及活性炭悬液推进法测定模型组和对照组大鼠肠道传输功能。结果大黄酸组首粒黑便排出时间较对照组明显延长,其活性炭推进长度及百分比较对照组明显缩短,差别有显著性意义。结论以单体大黄酸建立泻剂结肠大鼠模型,单体质量稳定,浓度易于控制,方法简单,经济易行,造模的时间相对较短。
冬凌草醇提物体外肝肾细胞毒性的MTT法测定

目的用MTT法评价冬凌草醇提物及水提物对HL-7702细胞和HEK-293细胞的毒性。方法采用MTT法进行研究。结果HL-7702细胞分别经柴胡皂苷d、冬凌草醇提物和水提物处理24,48 h后,柴胡皂苷d的IC_(50)分别为3.42,1.98μg/ml,冬凌草醇提物的IC_(50)分别为295.167,78.349μg/ml,冬凌草水提物的IC_(50)分别为4 357.310,2 134.194μg/ml。HEK-293细胞分别经马兜铃酸I、冬凌草醇提物和水提物处理24,48 h后,测得马兜铃酸I的IC_(50)为34.708,15.274μg/ml,冬凌草醇提物的IC_(50)为224.544,106.292μg/ml,冬凌草水提物的IC_(50)为2 252.899,1 153.267μg/ml。结论冬凌草醇提物和水提物的体外肝肾细胞毒性均不明显。
双黄连泡腾片的热稳定性研究

目的研究双黄连泡腾片的热分解动力学,初步探讨其热力学稳定性。方法按Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算求得双黄连泡腾片的热分解动力参数。结果双黄连泡腾片的热分解反应级数为一级;热分解活化能为95.30KJ/mol和97.65 KJ/mol;指前因子为3.827×10~(10)min。结论双黄连泡腾片具有一定的热稳定性。
T管拔除后胆漏21例治疗经验

胆总管一期缝合术，在“废除”了T管的同时避免了该并发症的发生。作者所在医院自1973年开展胆总管探查术后胆总管一期缝合以来，积累了较多的临床经验。有文献报道“胃胆管引流术”安全可行，胆道引流时间短、避免了胆总管一期缝合术后胆漏等并发症。随着腹腔镜胆总管探查术的开展，拔除T管后出现胆漏也时有发生。
Mirizzi综合征术中致门静脉损伤一例

本病术前诊断困难，往往术中出现胆道或意外损伤或术中胆道造影时才发现确诊。莫晓东和杨敖霖认为，对于解剖困难者，可先切开胆囊底，取出结石，用细探条辨明胆道结构，必要时行胆道造影。若仍无法分离出胆囊管，行胆囊部分切除即可，不必强求完整切除。这样方可减少胆管损伤的发生。我们的体会是，首先在胆道手术中强调术中胆道造影的作用，尤其对于解剖层次不清者，必须行胆道造影明确胆管关系后再行手术。其次对于Mirizzi综合征II/III/IV型病例，解剖变异者，建议行胆囊切开取石术+T管引流术或胆囊部分切除术+胆肠吻合术，不必要求切除胆囊（除非怀疑癌变）。这种手术方式对于基层医院尤其适用。这样才能有效避免胆道及其他意外损伤的发生。但是，这种治疗方式的远期效果尚需进一步观察。
Oddi括约肌及其功能障碍研究进展

人类对Oddi括约肌的认识已逾百年.它精确调控着胆汁和胰液的周期性排放及定向流动.但时至今日我们对其研究仍有不足,如何准确评价其功能及对其功能障碍进行有效的诊治仍是一个难题.近年来,随着对该括约肌解剖、调控的进一步研究及检测方法的进步,人们对它的认识也不断加深,对其功能障碍的发生机制、诊断及治疗方法也有了许多新的进展.本文就上述几个方面作一总结.
乙型肝炎病毒相关再生障碍性贫血12例临床特征分析

本研究回顾了12例HBV相关再生障碍性贫血(hepatitisassociated aplastic anemia,HAAA)患者临床资料,探讨本病发病机制、临床特征、诊治方案以及预后转归等特点,现报道如下.
射频消融治疗肝癌的选择与其联合治疗方式

肝癌的治疗模式已由过去的单一外科转变为以外科切除为主的多学科综合治疗模式.而在多种治疗方法中,以射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)为代表的局部消融治疗进展迅速,已发展成为继手术切除、经动脉插管化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)之后又一常用的肝癌治疗方法,在肝癌综合治疗体系中发挥重要作用.
以神经系统症状为首发表现的原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症一例

此患者以行走不稳、动作迟缓、肌肉僵直起病，而无骨关节疼痛、肾绞痛等表现，容易误诊为锥体外系疾病。病程中逐渐出现视幻觉、认知功能障碍、消化系统症状，为多系统受累表现，进展快，以锥体外系疾病难以解释，后完善检查明确诊断PHPT，手术治疗后，血清钙和PTH恢复正常，行动缓慢、言语错乱好转。PHPT引发的神经系统症状出现率约占39%，但是作为首发的或者主要的受累表现报道极少。PHPT神经系统症状主要为高血钙对脑细胞的毒性，干扰脑细胞电生理活动所致，中枢神经系统可出现记忆力减退，情绪不稳定，轻度个性改变，抑郁，嗜睡；神经肌肉系统可出现倦怠，四肢无力，以近端肌肉为甚，可出现肌肉萎缩，常伴有脑电图异常。神经系统症状的轻重与高钙血症的程度有关。当血清钙超过3mmol/L时，容易出现明显的精神症状如幻觉、狂躁，甚至昏迷。因此我们应掌握PHPT的主要特点，全面完善检查，尽早明确此类疾病的诊断。
运动影响机体衰老进程研究进展

衰老机制的研究目前已从整体水平、器官水平、细胞水平发展到分子水平。然而，随着科技技术的不断发展，某些外界因素可以加速或延缓其过程。其中，健身运动便是人工干预人体衰老过程的一种手段〔1〕。运动与衰老是运动医学领域研究的热点之一，国内外学者都对此进行了大量的研究，虽然还存在较多的争议，但也形成了一些共识，运动与衰老的关系相当密切，且适量运动可以延缓衰老。通过查阅大量国内外有关运动与衰老的相关文献，本文主要就近年来该方面的研究进展进行了综述。
Livin在肿瘤凋亡中的研究进展

凋亡蛋白抑制剂是在酵母、无脊椎动物及脊椎动物细胞中发现的一类在结构上具有高度同源性的凋亡蛋白抑制因子(IAP)家族，不仅严密调控细胞凋亡的基础水平，而且参与细胞周期的调控，调控多种信号的转导。目前已发现的IAP家族有c-IAP2、c-IAP1、神经元IAP(NIAP)、X连锁IAP(XIAP)、脂肪酶(LIP2)、生存素(Survivin)、布鲁斯因子(Bruce)、Livin蛋白等8个成员，其共同特征是其氨基端具有一个或多个高度保守的特异重复序列即杆状病毒IAP重复区(Baculoviral IAP Repeat，BIR)的结构域，并且除了Survivin、NIAP外，人类IAPs蛋白的羧基端还含有一个与泛素化有关的环指状(RING)结构域〔1〕。其中Livin是近几年科学家们采用IAP同源序列寻找的方法，通过计算机程序从人类基因组cDNA文库中推测出来的一种新的蛋白质。
新灸法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)有着极高的发病率和病死率,45岁后随年龄增长而增加〔1,2〕。自2006年以来我们用江西中医学院附属医院陈日新、康明非教授创立的腧穴热敏化新灸法〔3〕即"热敏点灸疗法"治疗COPD取得了较好疗效。
重症急性胆管炎临床诊疗体会:附34例报告

目的:探讨重症急性胆管炎(ACST)的诊断、治疗方法及手术时机的选择。方法:回顾性分析近5年诊治的34例ACST患者的临床资料。结果:手术治疗组治愈率明显优于非手术治疗组;急诊手术组病死率明显低于亚急诊及择期手术组。结论:ACST患者早期及时行手术治疗,是彻底治愈并减少病死率的有效方法。
腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术后并发症发生率的比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术术后患者满意度及并发症发生率情况。方法:选择2009年1月—2012年1月笔者单位收治的200例胆囊结石患者为研究对象,运用随机数字表法将入选患者分为开腹胆囊切除手术组(开腹组)和腹腔镜胆囊切除手术组(LC组)。比较两组患者术后感染、术后出血、胆瘘、阻塞性黄疸及腹胀等手术后并发症发生情况和患者满意度。结果:LC组患者在腹胀、阻塞性黄疸、术后感染及术后感染发生率明显低于开腹组(P<0.05),而LC组患者对医疗服务的满意率明显高于开腹组的(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有手术安全、并发症少、患者满意度高等特点。
先天性多个椎体小关节缺损二例

先天性椎小关节缺损病例极其罕见，国外报道了28例，多发生在单一椎体或相邻椎体单侧小关节，且常见于下腰椎或骶椎。先天性多个椎体小关节缺损病例笔者未见报道，我们搜集到一个家族中姐弟2例，报道如下。
原发性IgA肾病的背向散射积分分析

IgA肾病是一组以IgA或以IgA为主的免疫复合物在肾小球系膜区沉积所致的肾疾病，40%的患者在确诊后5~25年内可发展至终末期肾衰竭，终末期肾衰竭患者中约有26.69%的原发病系IgA肾病，背向散射积分(integrated backscatter, IBS)可将超声图像中的亮度（强度）信号进行定量化，本研究通过检测IgA肾病患者肾实质IBS的变化情况，皆在探讨IBS对IgA肾病的应用价值。
复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的菌种及药敏分析197例

目的:了解复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)临床分离菌株构成及其对常见抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法:对确诊的197例RVVC患者和466例外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)患者的阴道采集标本进行致病假丝酵母菌株培养分离、菌种鉴定和药敏试验。结果:①RVVC与VVC组在假丝酵母菌组成上差异无统计学意义;②RVVC组假丝酵母菌对制菌霉素、咪康唑、酮康唑和氟康唑的敏感性(51.6%、27.5%、30.8%、37.9%)显著低于VVC组(79.7%、47.5%、47.5%、55.1%);对两性霉素B、制菌霉素、咪康唑、益康唑的耐药性(12.1%、10.4%、50.0%、42.9%)显著高于VVC组(3.3%、1.7%、33.1%、22.0%)。结论:RVVC的致病菌株对抗真菌药物的敏感性全面降低而耐药性全面升高,应引起临床的重视。
腹腔镜手术导致卵巢储备功能受损的认识与防护

随着腹腔镜技术在妇科的广泛应用，腹腔镜技术与生殖力受损的关系受到越来越多的关注。目前可以较明确的损伤卵巢储备功能的一些手术有卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术、输卵管切除术、PCOS的LOD等。因而提倡对于有生育要求的生育年龄患者，术前有必要针对卵巢储备功能可能受损的情况进行知情同意，并为有需要者提供手术前后的卵巢储备功能测定和监测，由此可有效地指导其术后的生育。同时尽可能严格掌握手术适应证，术者在操作过程中应尽量避免不必要的损伤，改进手术方式。但在这方面仍需要更多的随机对照临床研究提供循证医学证据。
Designing Cropping Systems for Metal-Contaminated Sites: A Review

Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn) using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities.
血清中氯美扎酮测定的气相色谱法

目的建立血清中氯美扎酮定性定量的气相色谱测定法,为临床救治氯美扎酮中毒提供诊断依据.方法取0.5 ml血清加50g/L氢氧化钠50μl混匀,加乙酸乙酯2.0 ml充分震荡萃取,静置5 min,4000 r/min离心,取上清液,氮气吹干.50μl无水乙醇定容,气相色谱法测定,1.0μl进样.结果血清中氯美扎酮浓度在5.0~100 μg/ml范围内呈线性,最低检出浓度2.0 μg/ml.回归方程y=962.8x+1543.6,相关系数为0.9995,方法回收率为82.5%~101.3%；相对标准偏差(RS)为:3.5%~4.91%.日内、日间RSD分别为3.18%~4.49%和4.16%~4.95%.结论该方法操作简便、分析快速,结果准确.为临床治疗疑似氯美扎酮中毒患者的药物定性定量检测,提供了一种简便准确的检测方法.
护士化疗防护知识及行为的调查

目前临床上广泛使用的抗肿瘤药物大多为细胞毒剂，具有毒性、致突变性、致癌性、致畸性。抗肿瘤药物的选择性不高，治疗剂量与中毒剂量非常接近，无明显界限，在杀伤或抑制肿瘤细胞生长的同时，对正常组织和细胞也存在不同程度的损害。国内外研究证实，化疗药物的毒性不仅对患者产生毒副作用，对配药和执行化疗的医务人员的健康也造成威胁，因此对具有职业接触化疗药物的护士进行职业防护的研究具有重要的意义。
肺移植治疗硫酸误吸致双肺毁损一例

近年来，职业病诊断与鉴定纠纷时有发生，究其原因，一方面，是在诊断与鉴定的体制机制上存在问题;另一方面，是在执行制度与规则上尚有误差。以下介绍并分析我们在实践中遇到的2起尘肺病诊断与鉴定案例，与同行们交流，供有关部门参考，以利更好地改进与执行职业病诊断与鉴定制度。
上皮间质转化在肝脏再生修复中的研究进展

肝脏内细胞组分主要包括上皮细胞和间质细胞。上皮细胞有以下特征：较强的细胞间连接、角蛋白骨架、典型的细胞极性。相反，间质细胞胞间连接较少甚至缺如，其细胞骨架由中间丝搭建，没有明确的极性。然而，两种细胞体内或体外中均有一定程度的相互转化，其中上皮细胞向间质细胞转化被称为上皮间质转化(EMT)，间质细胞向上皮细胞转化为间质上皮转化(MET)。
HMME介导的光动力疗法对骨肉瘤LM-8细胞的体外杀伤效应

光动力疗法（PDT)目前已成为肿瘤治疗的新方法并已在量恶性肿瘤的治疗上取得良好的效果。本实验旨在通过光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)介导的PDT对骨肉瘤LM-8细胞作用验证其体外杀伤效应。
生物钟基因调控胶质瘤C6细胞的生物节律性

有实验证实Rat-1和NIH3T3成纤维细胞在高浓度血清、某些化学物质的刺激下可以使Period1、Period2(Per1、Per2)基因产生稳定的类似于机体内的生物节律[1],使得体外通过细胞株开展生物节律研究成为可能.本研究旨在观察恶性胶质瘤细胞的节律性.