mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of planting patterns on yield, quality, and defoliation in machine-harvested cotton

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation, yield, and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-harvested cotton. In the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons, the Xinluzao 45 (XLZ45) and Xinluzao 62 (XLZ62) cultivars, which are primarily cultivated in northern Xinjiang, were used as study materials. Conventional wide-narrow row (WNR), wide and ultra-narrow row (UNR), wide-row spacing with high density (HWR), and wide-row spacing with low density (LWR) planting patterns were used to assess the effects of planting patterns on defoliation, yield, and fiber quality. Compared with WNR, the seed cotton yields were significantly decreased by 2.06–5.48% for UNR and by 2.50–6.99% for LWR, respectively. The main cause of reduced yield was a reduction in bolls per unit area. The variation in HWR yield was –1.07–1.07% with reduced bolls per unit area and increased boll weight, thus demonstrating stable production. In terms of fiber quality indicators, the planting patterns only showed significant effects on the micronaire value, with wide-row spacing patterns showing an increase in the micronaire values. The defoliation and boll-opening results showed that the number of leaves and dried leaves in HWR was the lowest among the four planting patterns. Prior to the application of defoliating agent and before machine-harvesting, the numbers of leaves per individual plant in HWR were decreased by 14.45 and 25.00% on average, respectively, compared with WNR, while the number of leaves per unit area was decreased by 27.44 and 36.21% on average, respectively. The rates of boll-opening and defoliation in HWR were the highest. Specifically, the boll-opening rate before defoliation and machine-harvesting in HWR was 44.54 and 5.94% higher on average than in WNR, while the defoliation rate prior to machine-harvesting was 3.45% higher on average than in WNR. The numbers of ineffective defoliated leaves and leaf trash in HWR were the lowest, decreased by 33.40 and 32.43%, respectively, compared with WNR. In conclusion, the HWR planting pattern is associated with a high and stable yield, does not affect fiber quality, promotes early maturation, and can effectively decrease the amount of leaf trash in machine-picked seed cotton, and thus its use is able to improve the quality of machine-harvested cotton.
Internal phosphate starvation signaling and external phosphate availability have no obvious effect on the accumulation of cadmium in rice

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient element for crop. To obtain maximum crop yield, P fertilizer is often over-applied, which leads to accelerating exhaustion of phosphate resources and serious environmental problems. Reducing the application of P fertilizer and enhancing the P utilization efficiency of crops are significant for the sustainable development of agriculture. Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice is another serious agricultural issue. However, whether reducing the application of P fertilizer and enhancing the P utilization efficiency of crops will increase the risk of Cd accumulation in crops remains obscure. In this study, we are aiming to elucidate the relationship between Cd and P in rice from physiological and genetic perspectives. For this purpose, the wild type (WT) rice plants and phosphate (Pi)-starvation signaling repressed mutant phr2 were used to analyze the relationship between Cd and P. Here, we found that Cd stress could promote P accumulation and induce Pi-starvation signaling in WT and phr2 shoots under Pi-sufficient condition in a PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (PHR2) independent manner. Besides, the expression level of Cd transporter of OsNramp5 and the uptake speed of Cd~(2+) were not obviously changed under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. Furthermore, our Cd determination results showed that the Cd concentrations in WT and phr2 were not obviously changed under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. These results indicate that the external P availability and internal Pi-starvation signaling cannot obviously affect the accumulation of Cd in rice seedling.
Dewetting in associating lattice gas model confined by hydrophobic walls

The phase behavior of a two dimensional fluid confined within hydrophobic walls is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.The fluid is described by the associating lattice gas model which reproduces the density and diffusion anomalous behavior of water.The confined fluid exhibits a liquid-liquid critical temperature which decreases with the decrease of the distance between the confining walls.In contact with the wall a dewetting is observed.The thickness of this interfacial layer is independent of the distance between the two walls.Even for very small distances between the two walls no total depletion is observed and consequently no drying transition is present.
Electrochemomechanical performance of porous electrode incorporating binder network

This paper proposes a theory for the random generation of porous electrodes to study the electrochemomechanical performance of Li-ion batteries. A new model is developed to explore the effects of the binder network and size polydispersity of electrode particles on the mechanical states under galvanostatic and potentiostatic charging. The quantity of binder, connecting position, contact area, and the angle between the binder and electrode particles exert considerable influence on the electrochemomechanical state of the electrode. Debonding at the interface between the binder and electrode particles is highly likely to occur under galvanostatic charging. Under potentiostatic charging, hoop stress experiences complex compressive-tensile conversion along the interface, which is prone to induce wrinkling and failure of the binder. The model and results are expected to be fundamental to studying real commercial porous electrodes in detail.
Urbanization:Processes and driving forces

Urbanization is becoming the most important human social change in the world,especially in developing countries.However,what is the process of urbanization? What forces are driving the urbanization process? This paper summarizes five main processes of urbanization through various aspects of urbanization in different countries,including economic growth and development,demographic change,social transformation,reshaped and stretched urban spaces,and shrinking cities.Based on the comprehensive method of analyzing urbanization,this paper sorts out five driving forces of urbanization,which are industrialization,modernization,globalization,marketization and administrative/institutional power.The author tries to contribute to the healthy development of urbanization in developing countries through the analysis of process and driving force in urbanization.
The characteristics of the structure,strain and kinematic vorticity of the Wulian detachment fault zone,Shandong Peninsula,China

As one of the vital tectonic units of the Wulian Metamorphic Core Complex (MCC),the Wulian detachment fault zone (WDFZ),which developed in the Jiaodong peninsula,separates the lower plate of the ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Sulu orogenic belt from the upper plate of the early Cretaceous Zhucheng basin and the basin basement.The fault zone generally strikes NNE with a dip in the west along the southern portion of the MCC and strikes NE with a dip in the WNW along the northern portion.The fault zone displays a wavy-tile-shaped extension on the plane,principally composed of the fault breccias and mylonite and transits downward to the mylonitic gneiss.As a whole,the detachment fault zone shows a top-towest or a WNW extension.By calculating the harmonic mean,we obtain a Flynn index K of 0.98–2.0,and the mean value is approximately 1.35 in the fault zone.According to the polar Mohr construction,the extensional crenulation cleavage,the RS/θ,and the quartz C-axial fabric methods,we acquire mean kinematic vorticity values of 0.64–0.97,0.76–0.93,0.6–0.92,and 0.63– 0.98 with mean values of 0.83,0.80,0.78 and 0.86,respectively,for mylonite and promylonite.The strain measurement results and the kinematic vorticity values indicate that the WDFZ is a normal ductile shear zone developed in the extensional setting.The kinematic track shows that the kinematic vorticity value decreases gradually from the NW to the SE as a whole.A simple shear dominates in the middle and upper parts of the shear zone,which is reflected by a higher vorticity value (>0.75,up to 0.98),a low thinning rate and a lower K value.In contrast,toward the footwall,the pure shear is increased significantly,showing a lower vorticity value (<0.70,low to 0.64),a relatively high thinning rate and a higher K value.Combined with the geotectonic background,the development and evolution of the WDFZ should respond to lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC).As a result,the WDFZ can be defined as a thinning normal shear zone developed in the extension tectonic setting and the combined result of the simple shear caused by the crust extension and pure shear led by the rapid uplift of the footwall and magmatic upwelling.
Electrochemomechanical coupled behaviors of deformation and failure in electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

The growing demands of lithium-ion batteries with high energy density motivate the development of high-capacity electrode materials. The critical issue in the commercial application of these electrodes is electrochemomechanical degradation accompanied with the large volume change, built-in stress, and fracture during lithiation and delithiation. The strong and complex couplings between mechanics and electrochemistry have been extensively studied in recent years. The multi-directional couplings, e.g.,(de)lithiation-induced effects and stress-regulated effects, require cooperation in the interdisciplinary fields and advance the theoretical and computational models. In this review, we focus on the recent work with topics in the electrochemomechanical couplings of deformation and fracture of conventional and alloying electrodes through experimental characterization, theoretical and computational models. Based on the point of view from mechanics, the strategies for alleviating the degradation are also discussed, with particular perspectives for component-interaction patterns in the composite electrodes. With interdisciplinary principles, comprehensive understanding of the electrochemomechanical coupled mechanism is expected to provide feasible solutions for low-cost, high-capacity, high-safety and durable electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
A new MaterialGo database and its comparison with other highthroughput electronic structure databases for their predicted energy band gaps

Recently, many high-throughput calculation materials databases have been constructed and found wide applications. However, a database is only useful if its content is reliable and sufficiently accurate. It is thus of paramount importance to gauge the reliabilities and accuracies of these databases. Although many properties have been predicted accurately in these databases, electronic band gap is well known to be underestimated by traditional density functional theory(DFT) calculations under local density approximation(LDA), which becomes a challenging problem for materials database building. Here, we introduce MaterialGo(http://www.pkusam.com/data-base.html), a new database calculating the band structures of crystals using both Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(PBE) exchange-correlation functional and Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof(HSE) hybrid functional. Comparing different PBE databases, it is found that their band gaps are consistent when no U parameter is used for transition metal d-state or heavy element f-state to correct their self-interaction error, but rather different when PBE+U are used, mostly because of the different values of U used in different database. HSE calculations under standard parameters will give larger band gaps that are closer to experiment. Based on the high-throughput HSE calculations over 10000 crystal structures, we might have a better understanding of the relationship between crystal structures and electronic structures, which will help us to further explore material genome science and engineering.
The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton

While a general concensus has recently been reached as to the causal relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton,a number of important questions remain to answer,including the initial subduction of west Pacific plate beneath the eastern Asian continent,the position of west Pacific subduction zone during the peak period of decratonization (i.e.,Early Cretaceous),the formation age of the big mantle wedge under eastern Asia,and the fate of the subducted Pacific slab.Integration of available data suggests that the subduction of the western Pacific plate was initiated as early as Early Jurrasic and the subduction zone was situated to 2,200 km west of the present-day trench in the Early Creataceous,as a result of eastward migration of the Asian continent over a distance of ca.900 km since the Early Cretaceous.The retreat of the subducting west Pacific plate started ~145 Ma ago,corresponding to the initial formation of the big mantle wedge system in the Early Cretaceous.The subduction of the Pacific slab excerted severe influence on the North China Craton most likely through material and energy echange between the big mantle wedge and overlying cratonic lithosphere.The evolution history of the west Pacific plate was reconstructed based on tectonic events.This allows to propose that the causes of phases A and B for the Yanshanian orogeny were respectively related to rapid low-angle subduction and to lowering subduction angle of the west Pacific plate.At ca.130–120 Ma,the subduction of the west Pacific plate was characterized by increasing subducting angle,slab rollback and rapid trench retreat,leading to the final stagnation of the subducting slab within the mantle transition zone.This process may have significantly affected the physical property and viscosity of the mantle wedge above the stagnant slab,resulting in non-steady mantle flows.The ingression of slab-released melts/fluids would significantly lower the viscosity of the mantle wedge and overlying lithosphere,inducing decratonization.This study yields important bearings on the relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton.
Designing solid-state interfaces on lithium-metal anodes:a review

Li-metal anodes are one of the most promising energy storage systems that can considerably exceed the current technology to meet the ever-increasing demand of power applications.The apparent cycling performances and dendrite challenges of Li-metal anodes are highly influenced by the interface layer on the Li-metal anode because the intrinsic high reactivity of metallic Li results in an inevitable solid-state interface layer between the Li-metal and electrolytes.In this review,we summarize the recent progress on the interfacial chemistry regarding the interactions between electrolytes and ion migration through dynamic interfaces.The critical factors that affect the interface formation for constructing a stable interface with a low resistance are reviewed.Moreover,we review emerging strategies for rationally designing multiple-structured solid-state electrolytes and their interfaces,including the interfacial properties within hybrid electrolytes and the solid electrolyte/electrode interface.Finally,we present scientific issues and perspectives associated with Li-metal anode interfaces toward a practical Li-metal battery.
Recent advances in organic-dye-based photoacoustic probes for biosensing and bioimaging

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-destructive biomedical imaging technology with broad application prospects.PAI combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging with high selectivity and deep penetration to overcome the high scattering limitation of light in tissues.This emerging technology also achieves high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of deep tissue in vivo.Recently,photoacoustic (PA) probes based on organic dyes have emerged prominently in biosensing and bioimaging due to their excellent optical properties and structural adaptability.This paper gives an outline of the basic PAI principles and focuses on the application of organic-dye-based PA probes for molecular detection and in vivo imaging.The advantages of PAI technology and the drawbacks of current PA probes are then summarized.Finally,the prospects for application are evaluated considering the potential challenges in the biomedical fields.
城市群扩展的时空演化特征及对生态环境的影响——以天山北坡城市群为例

城市群是国家工业化和城镇化发展到高级阶段的产物,是高度一体化的城市群体,天山北坡城市群是国家 “十三五”期间推动建设的19个城市群之一,也是国家重点建设的两个边疆地区城市群之一和新疆新型城镇化主体区与经济发展的战略核心区.采用1980~2015年土地利用遥感监测数据分析发现,天山北坡城市群建设用地扩展对生态环境造成了显著影响.结果表明,近35年来,城市群内的草地是生态价值的最主导贡献类型,生态价值贡献率高达66.27%,年际变化幅度仅5%;城乡居民点及工矿用地生态价值贡献率很低(0.82%),但年际变化幅度很大(86%).城市群建设用地面积由1067km~2扩展至2586km~2,用地类型变动对生态价值的影响差异很大,变动幅度最大的是低覆盖度草地和旱地.生态用地转化为建设用地的规模多达1685km~2,其中69.91%来自于耕地和草地,仅旱地和低覆盖度草地转变面积达1082km~2,占生态用地向建设用地转变总量的64.21%, 2000年以来至城市群建设用地扩展后期(2000~2015年),戈壁(172km~2)、裸土地(65km~2)、盐碱地(65km~2)等未利用地类型向建设用地转化比重明显增加.而建设用地转化为生态用地的规模仅不到166km~2.城市群建设用地的重点扩展区集中在乌鲁木齐、克拉玛依和昌吉,扩展面积分别达到399、186和126km~2,快速扩展区集中在奎屯、托克逊和乌苏.城市群扩展后期建设用地变更对生态环境的积极影响较前期(1980~2000年)明显.奎屯市、石河子市和五家渠市属于建设用地扩展引发生态价值变动的高值区,其余城市建设用地扩展引发的生态价值变动相对较小且后期扩展有所减缓.未来天山北坡城市群的发展必须充分考虑其脆弱生态环境的敏感性和承载力,以可容许的水资源与生态环境容量调控城市群的人口与产业集聚规模,降低城市群建设用地扩展对生态环境的压力,提升其发展的可持续性.
Orbital evolution of a planet with tidal dissipation in a restricted three-body system

The angle between planetary spin and the normal direction of an orbital plane is supposed to reveal a range of information about the associated planetary formation and evolution. Since the orbit’s eccentricity and inclination oscillate periodically in a hierarchical triple body and tidal friction makes the spin parallel to the normal orientation of the orbital plane with a short timescale in an isolated binary system, we focus on the comprehensive effect of third body perturbation and tidal mechanism on the angle. Firstly, we extend the Hut tidal model (1981) to the general spatial case, adopting the equilibrium tide and weak friction hypothesis with constant delay time, which is suitable for arbitrary eccentricity and any angle # between the planetary spin and normal orientation of the orbital plane. Furthermore, under the constraint of angular momentumconservation, the equations of orbital and ratational motion are given. Secondly, considering the coupled effects of tidal dissipation and third body perturbation, and adopting the quadrupole approximation as the third body perturbation effect, a comprehensivemodel is established by this work. Finally, we find that the ultimate evolution depends on the timescales of the third body and tidal friction. When the timescale of the third body is much shorter than that of tidal friction, the angle # will oscillate for a long time, even over the whole evolution; when the timescale of the third body is observably larger than that of the tidal friction, the system may enter stable states, with the angle # decaying to zero ultimately, and some cases may have a stable inclination beyond the critical value of Lidov-Kozai resonance. In addition, these dynamical evolutions depend on the initial values of the orbital elements and may aid in understanding the characteristics of the orbits of exoplanets.
CRISPR/Cas9-based mutation reveals Argonaute 1 is essential for pigmentation in Ostrinia furnacalis

Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Asia. Traditional pest-management methods include sex pheromone capture, transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, and pesticides. Although these strategies control pest populations effectively, they also cause negative side effects, including dramatically increased pesticide resistance, severe pollution, and hazards for human health. Recently developed genome editing tools provide new prospects for pest management and have been successfully used in several species. However, few examples have been reported in the agricultural pest O. furnacalis due to a lack in genomic information. In this report, we identified only one transcript of O. furnacalis Argonaute 1 (OfAgo1) gene from the genome and cloned the open reading frame. OfAgo1 presented the maximum expression at the embryo stage or in the fat body during the larval stages. To understand its function, an OfAgo1 mutant was constructed using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). Mutagenesis of OfAgo1 disrupted cuticle pigmentation by down-regulating micro RNAs and pigmentation-related genes. This is the first report for the cloning and functional analysis of OfAgo1, revealing a role of OfAgo1 in cuticle pigmentation. The current report also established a CRISPR/Cas9 system in O. furnacalis, providing a new insight for pest management.
Targeted activation of BmCyclinE in Bombyx mori using designer TAL effectors

Artificial expression systems are crucial to functional genomics studies, constructing synthetic genetic circuits, and bioengineering (Werner & Gossen, 2014). They are usually achieved by cloning the coding sequence (CDS) of a target gene into a vector containing natural or engineered regulatory elements. However, this strategy is limited when target genes are hard to clone, for example when the CDS is too long, or expression level is too low. Engineered transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins,which enable the targeting of custom-defined sequences with high efficiency and specificity, were developed to overcome this limitation. TALE proteins contain tandemly arrayed repeats and recognizeDNAin amodular fashion: each repeat recognizes single nucleotides (Boch et al., 2009). TALE-nuclease fusions (TALEN) have been utilized as a genome editing platform in Drosophila (Liu et al., 2012), Bombyx mori (Ma et al., 2012), Aedes aegypti (Aryan et al., 2013), Anopheles gambiae (Smidler et al., 2013), Gryllus bimaculatus (Watanabe et al., 2014), Culex quinquefasciatus (Itokawa et al., 2016), Danaus plexippus (Markert et al., 2016) and Ostrinia furnacalis (Yang et al., 2016). However, TALE-based transcriptional modulation has only been demonstrated in Drosophila (Crocker & Sternbecause, 2013). Here we show the first evidence of TALE-mediated direct transcriptional control of endogenous genes in a non-Drosophila insect, B. mori.
宫内妊娠合并输卵管妊娠一例及文献复习

宫内孕合并宫外孕的处理方式包括:药物治疗及手术治疗。宫外孕常用的药物MTX及米非司酮等因对宫内胎儿的致畸作用因此并不适用于宫内孕合并宫外孕的保守治疗。手术治疗疗效最为确切,随着腹腔镜技术的广泛开展,腹腔镜治疗宫内孕合并宫外孕的优势凸显,其优点在于手术过程快、副损伤少、手术后恢复快、对宫内胎儿影响较小等,随访研究也显示,孕期接受腹腔镜手术的孕妇分娩胎儿未发现远期不良结局。本例中患者行腹腔镜检查术诊断并同时进行了治疗,过程顺利,恢复良好,患者后期情况仍在随访中。