mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effect of external stress on phase diagrams and dielectric properties of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films grown on orthorhombic substrates

A Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire(LD)-type thermodynamic theory was used to describe the effect of external stress on phase diagrams and dielectric properties of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films grown on orthorhombic substrates which induce nonequally biaxial misfit strains in the films plane. The "misfit strain-external stress" and "external stress-temperature" phase diagrams were constructed for single-domain BaTiO3(BT) and PbTiO3(PT) thin films. It is shown that the external stress may lead to the rotation of the spontaneous polarization and a gradual change of its magnitude, which may result in phase transition. Nonequally biaxial misfit strains dependence of the stability of polarization states may be governed by external stress. At room temperature,stress-induced ferroelectric/paraelectric phase transition which occurs in film on cubic substrate does not take place in the ferroelectric thin film grown on orthorhombic substrate. It is also shown that the nonequally misfit strains in the film plane may lead to the appearance of new phases which do not form in films grown on cubic substrates under external stress. The dependence of the dielectric response on the external stress is also studied. It is shown that the dielectric constants of single-domain PT and BT films are very sensitive to the external stress under the given anisotropic misfit strains-temperature conditions. It presents theoretical evidence that the external stress and anisotropic misfit strains can be employed for improving the thin films physical properties.
Tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of spray formed Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys after two-stage aging treatment

Based on the investigation of the tensile properties of spray formed ultra-high strength Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys, the high-cycle fatigue properties under different theoretical stress concentration factors were investigated, the fatigue fracture surfaces and microstructures were observed, and the fatigue mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength of spray formed Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu alloys can reach up to 730-740 MPa, and the elongation is about 8%-10% under the condition of two-stage aging treatment. For the stress ratio is 0.1, the maximum stress for 107 cycles is over 400 MPa and 120 MPa,when the theoretical stress concentration factor is 1 and 3, respectively.
Parameters affecting microsegregation in phase-field simulation

The influence of various material and computational parameters such as interface kinetic coefficient(β), surface energy(σ),anisotropy parameter(γ) and the noise amplitude(α) upon microsegregation patterns during the crystal growth was investigated by using the phase-field model which incorporated the concentration field equations. The computed results indicate that, when the appropriate value is assigned to α, the fluctuant scope of solute composition in the solid is steady, and the influence of α on microsegregation is small; the larger the interface kinetic coefficient β, the more acutely the solute composition in the solid fluctuates,but the severity of microsegregation in the front interface reduces; with the increment of anisotropy parameter γ, the fluctuation of solute composition in the solid becomes more acutely, and the severity of microsegregation in the front interface aggravates; the larger surface energy σ, the smaller the fluctuant scope of solute composition in the solid is, and the smaller the degree of microsegregation is.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Glycin-3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid

The title compound glycin.3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid （GDB） has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pca21 with a = 25.513（10）, b = 4.668（2）, c = 9.150（4） A°, Z= 4, V= 1089.8（8） A°^3, C9H13NO7, Mr= 247.20, Dc = 1.507 g/m^3,/z（MoKa） = 0.132 mm^-1, F（000） = 520, R1 = 0.0322 and wR2 = 0.0611 for 885 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The title compound is a 1：1 molecular complex of glycin and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, which is linked by O-H…O and N-H…O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional framework. Test of SHG （second harmonic generation） indicates that NLO generation of the crystal is higher than that of KDP.
肝肾联合移植治疗原发性高草酸尿症一例

原发性高草酸尿症(PH)是一种少见的常染色体隐性遗传病,共分3种亚型,其中Ⅰ型(PH1)最为常见.2005年12月,我院为1例PH1患者行肝肾联合移植,术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡.
2006年美国胸科学会肺移植和肺血管疾病的研究进展

2006年美国胸科学会(ATS)年度国际大会于2006年5月19至24日在美国加州的圣迭哥市举办.笔者及其他部分中国医生参加了此次国际学术盛会.大会期间学术交流内容非常丰富新颖,下面将有关肺移植及肺血管疾病方面的学术交流内容介绍如下.
子宫平滑肌肉瘤组织学诊断现状

子宫平滑肌肉瘤的组织病理学诊断有时十分困难,造成这种困难的原因是目前尚无完全统一的组织学诊断标准,诊断的难点在于如何辨认和综合分析各项诊断参数,而且仅仅根据组织学所见也很难预测其生物学行为.2003
Experimental research on heat transfer to liquid sodium and its incipient boiling wall superheat in an annulus

Liquid sodium is mainly used as a cooling fluid in the liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR), whose heat transfer, whether convective heat transfer or boiling heat transfer, is different from that of water. So it is important for both normal and accidental operations of LMFBR to perform experimental research on heat transfer to liquid sodium and its boiling heat transfer. This study deals with heat transfer with high temperature (300–700°C) and low Pe number (2070) and heat transfer with low temperature (250270°C) and high Pe number (125860), and its incipient boiling wall superheat in an annulus. Research on heat transfer involves theoretical research and experiments on heat transfer to liquid sodium. It also focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental research on its incipient boiling wall superheat at positive pressure in an annulus. Semiempirical correlations were obtained and they were well coincident with the experimental data.
Study on the performance of the A*Prune QoS routing algorithm for intelligent optical networks and its improvements

The A*Prune quality of service (QoS) routing algorithm was proposed to compute K-shortest paths satisfying multiple QoS constraints. The A*Prune is considered to be one of the practical routing algorithms for intelligent optical networks because of its flexibility in handling many practical constraints. This article gives detailed performance studies of the algorithm through extensive simulation experiments. We found that both the running time and the memory space requirements of the algorithm are large, especially when the network size increases. In this article, we also propose an approach to improving the performance of the A*Prune algorithm. The improvements should make the A*Prune algorithm more attractive for practical use in intelligent optical networks.
Correlation of Two Coupled Particles in Viscoelastic Medium

Considering the viscoelastic memory effect, we study the correlated motion of two hydrodynamically coupled colloidal particles, each of which confined in a harmonic potential well, in a Kelvin-type and Maxwell-type viscoelastic medium. We find that viscoelastic relaxation plays a significant role in modifying the correlation, particularly the cross correlation. We also find that both the real and imaginary parts of the response function are significantly different from the viscous medium case. In particular there is a phase shift between the vanishing imaginary part and the maximal real part of the response function in a viscoelastic medium. In addition imaginary part of the cross correlation response function exhibits a net energy loss (gain) behavior when the elasticity parameter of the medium is larger (smaller) than the critical value for Kelvin (Maxwell) viscoelastic fluid. Some implication of our results and their connection with previous works are discussed.
Expression and functional analysis of the rice plasma-membrane intrinsic protein gene family

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins （PIPs） are a subfamily ofaquaporins that enable fast and controlled translocation of water across the membrane. In this study, we systematically identified and cloned ten PIP genes from rice. Based on the similarity of the amino acid sequences they encoded, these rice PIP genes were classified into two groups and designated as OsPIP1-1 to OsPIP1-3 and OsPIP2-1 to OsPIP2-7 following the nomenclature of PIP genes in maize. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis identified three root-specific and one leaf-specific OsPIP genes. Furthermore, the expression profile of each OsPIP gene in response to salt, drought and ABA treatment was examined in detail. Analysis on transgenic plants over-expressing of either OsPIP1 （OsPIP1-1） or OsPIP2 （OsPIP2-2） in wild-type Arabidopsis, showed enhanced tolerance to salt （100 mM of NaCl） and drought （200 mM ofmannitol）, but not to salt treatment of higher concentration （150 mM of NaCl）. Taken together, these data suggest a distinct role of each OsPIP gene in response to different stresses, and should add a new layer to the understanding of the physiological function of rice PIP genes.
LEAFY HEAD2, which encodes a putative RNA-binding protein, regulates shoot development of rice

During vegetative development, higher plants continuously form new leaves in regular spatial and temporal patterns. Mutants with abnormal leaf developmental patterns not only provide a great insight into understanding the regulatory mechanism of plant architecture, but also enrich the ways to its modification by which crop yield could be improved. Here, we reported the characterization of the rice leafy-head2 （lhd2） mutant that exhibits shortened plastochron, dwarfism, reduced tiller number, and failure of phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Anatomical and histological study revealed that the rapid emergence of leaves in lhd2 was resulted from the rapid initiation of leaf primordia whereas the reduced tiller number was a consequence of the suppression of the tiller bud outgrowth. The molecular and genetic analysis showed that LHD2 encodes a putative RNA binding protein with 67% similarity to maize TEl. Comparison of genome-scale expression profiles between wild-type and lhd2 plants suggested that LHD2 may regulate rice shoot development through KNOXand hormone-related genes. The similar phenotypes caused by LHD2 mutation and the conserved expression pattern of LHD2 indicated a conserved mechanism in controlling the temporal leaf initiation in grass.
Water relations and an expression analysis of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins in sensitive and tolerant rice during chilling and recovery

A symptom of chilling injury is development of water deficit in shoots, resulting from an imbalance of water transport and transpiration. In this work, two rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. var. Wasetoitsu and Somewake) seedlings were chilled at 7 °C, followed by recovery at 28 °C. Based on the growth phenotype and electrolyte leakage tests, Somewake was shown to be a chilling-tolerant variety, and Wasetoitsu a chilling-sensitive one. The chilling stress reduced markedly the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, accumulative transpiration and osmotic root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in both varieties. But when returned to 28 °C, the water relation balance of Somewake recovered better. The mRNA expression profile of all the 11 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), a subgroup of aquaporins, was subsequently determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with TaqMan-minor grove binder (MGB) probes derived from rice var. Nipponbare during chilling treatment and recovery. Most of the PIP genes was down-regulated at the low temperature, and recovered at the warm temperature. The relative expression of some PIPs in both Somewake and Wasetoitsu decreased in parallel during the chilling. However during the recovery, the relative expression of OsPIP1;1, OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;7 in shoots and OsPIP1;1, OsPIP2;1 in roots were significantly higher in Somewake than Wasetoitsu. This supports the role of PIPs in re-establishing water balance after chilling conditions. We discuss the diversified roles played by members of the aquaporin PIP subfamily in plant chilling tolerance depending on aquaporin isoforms, plant tissue and the stage of chilling duration.
Arsenic and major cation hydrogeochemistry of the Central Victorian （Australia） surface waters

This paper reports on the major cations（Ca, Mg, Na and K） and arsenic（As） compositions of surface waters collected from major creeks, rivers and lakes in Central Victoria （Australia）. The surface waters were found to be neutral to alkaline （pH 6.7-9.4）, oxidised （average redox potential （Eh） about 130 mV） and showed variable concentrations of dissolved ions （EC, about 51-4386 /μS/cm）. The concen- trations of dissolved major cations in surface waters were found to be in the order of Na〉〉Mg〉Ca〉K and in soils the contents of metals followed an order of abundance as： Ca〉Mg〉〉K〉Na. While Na was the least abundant in soils, it registered the highest dissolved cation in surface waters. Of the four major cations, the average concentration ofNa（98.7 mg/L） was attributed to the weathering of feldspars and atmospheric input. Relatively highly dissolved concentrations of Na and Mg compared with the world average values of rivers reflected the weathering of rock and soil minerals within the catchments.  The As soil level is naturally high（linked to lithology） as reflected by high background soil values and mining operations are also considered to be a contributory factor. Under relatively alkaline-oxidative conditions low mobility of dissolved As （average about 7.9 μg/L） was observed in most of the surface waters with a few higher values（〉15 μg/L） around a sewage disposal site and mine railings. Arsenic in soils is slowly released into water under alkaline and/or lower Eh conditions. The efficient sink of Fe, AI and Mn oxides acts as a barrier against the As release under near neutral-oxidising conditions. High As content （average about 28.3 mg/kg） in soils was found to be associated with Fe-hydroxides as revealed by XRD and SEM analysis. The dissolved As concentration was found to be below the recommended maximum levels for recreational water in all surface waters（lakes and rivers） in the study area. Catchment lithology exerted the fundamental control on surface water chemistry. Sites impacted by mining waste dumps showed a decline in water quality.
Effect of adding Lactobacillus plantarum and soluble carbohydrates to swine manure on odorous compounds, chemical composition and indigenous flora

Manure odor, which results in the increasing complaints and lawsuits, has increased the tension among swine producers and surrounding residents. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and different rates of soluble carbohydrates additions to swine manure on odorous compounds, chemical compounds and indigenous flora were evaluated. Additions were calculated on dried manure weight basis. Variables monitored included ammonia （NH3）, hydrogen sulfide （H2S）, odor offensiveness, pH, ammonium nitrogen（NH4^＋-N）, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, urease and indigenous flora. The results indicated that the combination of L. plantarum and soluble carbohydrates dramatically reduced manure pH. Lower pH resulted in the reduction of NH3 volatilization （34.6%-92.4%, P〈0.01）, the increases of H2S （P〈 0.05） and NH4^＋-N （5.3%-17.5%, P〈0.05）. In addition, L. plantarum and soluble carbohydrates additions significantly reduced odor offensiveness, those VFAs related to malodor indicators（valeric acids, 12.3%-47.7%, P〈 0.05; iso-valeric, 3.5%-23.8%） and the main microorganisms responsible for odor production, with the number of Eubacteria in swine manure reducing by 4.9%, 11.6%, 17.4%, 34.1% and 32.2% respectively.
Bioavailability of cyanide in the different environmental compartments

Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. Hybrid willows （Salix matsudana Koidz×Salix alba L.） were exposed to cyanide to determine whether willows can transport and metabolize this compound. Pre-rooted trees were grown in different environmental compartments, spiked or irrigated with potassium cyanide at 24.0±0.5℃. Cyanide in compartments, in air and in tissues of plants was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Results from this study indicated that large amounts of applied cyanide was removed from the systems during the presence of willows. Growing compartments of plants have a strong influence on the removal rates of cyanide. Little or no initial cyanide was detected in plant materials. Volatilization of cyanide was not occurring. Mass balance studies showed that applied cyanide was significantly metabolized during transport through willows cuttings. However, there was a clear difference between the metabolism rates of cyanide by willows exposed to different environmental compartments. The highest cyanide metabolism rate was found at the treatment with willows growing in hydroponic solution with a metabolism rate of 2.44 mgCN/（kg, d）, followed by willows growing in sand with a value of 1.02 mgCN/（kg·d）. The lowest metabolism rate had the willows growing in soils（0.43 mgCN/（kg·d）. In conclusion, transport and metabolism of cyanide in plants is likely and phytoremediation of cyanide is a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide.
Biodegradation of 2,6-ditert-butylphenol by immobilized microorganism strains

2,6-Ditert-butylphenol （2,6-DTBP） is a major organic contaminant presenting in acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewaters. This compound is of high bio-resistance due to its complex structure which consists of one phenol group and two highly branched tert-butyl groups. This research attempted to improve the biodegradation efficiency of 2,6-DTBP through various strain immobilization methods. The stratified immobilization can settle oxygen transmission in the single microorganism immobilization, and can realize two-process reaction in the single device by choosing two symbiotic microorganisms. Two effective strains, named F-1-4 and F-3-4, which were screened out in our previous work, were used to degrade 2,6-DTBP after being immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Results indicate that the substrate removal efficiency of various immobilization methods follows the order： stratified 〉 single F-3-4 〉 mixed ≈single F-1-4. The immobilized biodegradation capacity was higher than the free one. After an incubation time of 12 d, 91% of 2,6-DTBP could be degraded by the stratified immobilization method, compared to 79% achieved by the mixed immobilization method with an initial 2,6-DTBP concentration of 100 mg/L. The stratified immobilization satisfies the oxygen demand nature of the aerobic F-3-4 and the facultative F-1-4, thus yielding the highest degradation efficiency. Both the outer layer strain F-3-4 and the inner layer strain F-1-4 can grow actively on the substrate of 2,6-DTBP, as illustrated by SEM images. This study shows that the highly bio-refractory compound, 2,6-DTBP, can be effectively degraded using appropriately inunobilized microorganism strains.
Combined effect of tributyltin and benzo[a] pyrene on the levels of sex hormone and vitellogenin in female Sebastiscus marmoratus

Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.
Toluene removal characteristics by a superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

A superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove toluene in this study. The effects of oxygen content, gas flow rate, gas initial concentration and with/without catalyst on toluene decomposition were investigated. It was found that an optimal toluene removal was achieved when the oxygen content was about 5%. Under this condition, the highest toluene removal efficiency of 80.8% was achieved when the gas concentration was 80 mg/m^3. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate and the initial concentration of toluene. In addition, the ozone concentration decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of toluene. It suggested that combining DBD （dielectric barrier discharge） with Co3O4/Al2O3/foam nickel catalyst in-situ could improve the toluene removal efficiency and suppress ozone formation. Products analysis showed that the main products were CO and CO2 when oxygen was more than 5%.
Two Observed Regions in B Lymphocyte Stimulator Important for Its Biological Activity

B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of ligands, is a crucial survival factor for B cells. We successfully constructed seven mutants of the functional soluble fragment of human BLyS (named cBLyS, amino acid 134-285), including three deletion mutants and four site-directed mutants. All the mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The biological activities of these mutants were assessed by the ligand-receptor binding assay, B cell proliferation assay and immune effect response in vivo. Our results indicated that four residues, H218, F220, T228 and L229, are indispensable for the biological activity of cBLyS, whereas two regions, amino acid 134-148 and amino acid 271-285, are related to the biological activity of BLyS. The protein of deletion of amino acid 134-148 leads to a complete defection in raising the antigen-specific IgM titer. The deletion of amino acid 271-285 reduces the effectiveness compared with the native cBLyS. This indicates that the region of amino acid 134-148 is indispensable for cBLyS to function normally.
Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Bio-oil, Naphtha and CH4 over C12A7-Mg Catalyst

Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of the bio-oil, naphtha, and CH4 was investigated over a novel metal-doped catalyst of (Ca24Al28O64)4+.4O-/Mg (C12A7-Mg). The catalytic steam reforming was investigated from 250 to 850 ℃ in the fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. For the reforming of bio-oil, the yield of hydrogen of 80% was obtained at 750 ℃, and the maximum carbon conversion is nearly close to 95% under the optimum steam reforming condition. For the reforming of naphtha and CH4, the hydrogen yield and carbon conversion are lower than that of bio-oil at the same temperature. The characteristics of catalyst were also investigated by XPS. The catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by the deposition of carbon in the catalytic steam reforming process.