mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte-derived exosome-transported GJA1-20k attenuates traumatic brain injury in rats

To the Editor:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to brain tissue damage caused by trauma.TBI pathogenesis is complicated and the involved molecular targets are also not clear.Astrocytes proliferate and hypertrophy after brain injury.They have strong tolerance to hypoxia and ischemia to protect neurons in the acute phase of brain injury.Exosomes,as small vesicles to exchange material and transmit information between cells,have been reported to exhibit potentials against various impairments in different disease models,including neurological diseases.One recent study has shown that exosomes are closely related to trauma,which may decrease A1 astrocytes by down-regulation of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in spinal cord injury.Our previous study demonstrated that the TBI could promote exosome release,suggesting the capability of self-protection by exosomes after impairment.Connexin 43 (Cx43,also called gap junction alpha 1 [GJA1]) is an important gap junction protein with widest expression.
In situ growth of polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework nanoflower arrays for efficient hydrogen evolution

The conversion of traditional polymolybdate-based metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs) crystals to wellaligned nanoarrays are highly attractive for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution but remains significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrated that the POMOFs nanoarrays as self-supported electrode toward hydrogen evolution with high catalytic activity and stability. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveal the {ε-PMo_8~VMoVI_4O_(37)Zn_4} (Zn-ε-Keggin) serve as secondary building blocks and directly connected to BPB organic ligands (BPB=1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene) to obtain novel [ε-PMo_8~VMoVI_4O_(37)(OH)_3Zn_4][BPB]_3 (named as ZnMo-POMOF). Particularly, ZnMo-POMOF nanoflower arrays grown in-situ on a Ni foam substrate exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of 180mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm~2 with the Tafel slope of 66 mV/dec, thus among one of the best POMOF-based electrocatalysts reported so far. DFT calculations reveal that the bridging oxygen active sites (Oa) significantly optimizes Gibbs free energy of H∗ adsorption for Zn-ε-Keggin polymolybdate units (-0.07 eV), thereby increasing the intrinsic activity of the ZnMo-POMOF.
Thiol-ene crosslinked cellulose-based gel polymer electrolyte with good structural integrity for high cycling performance lithium-metal battery

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are considered to be one most promising alternative to liquid electrolytes due to their suitability for creating safe and durable solid-state lithium-metal batteries. However, the mechanical properties of GPEs usually deteriorate dramatically when polymer matrices are plasticized by a liquid electrolyte, which leads to significant loss of battery performance. Therefore, the long-term structural integrity and good mechanical strength are critical characteristics of GPEs designed for highperformance batteries. Here, an ecologically compatible cellulose-based GPE with a crosslinked structure is synthesized via a facile and effective thiol-ene click chemistry method. The prepared thiol-ene crosslinked GPE possesses enhanced mechanical strength (10.95MPa) and rigid structure, which enabled us to fabricate LiFePO_4|Li batteries with ultra-long cycling performance. The capacity retention of the crosslinked cellulose-based GPE can be up to 84% at 0.5 C, even after 350 cycles, which is considerably higher than that of non-crosslinked GPE for which rapid decline in capacity occurs after 200 cycles. In addition, a GPE preparation method described in this work compares favorably well with existing commercial electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Precipitation scale effect of the TRMM satellite in Tianshan,China

High-resolution precipitation data is conducive to objectively describe the spatial-temporal variability of regional precipitation,and the study of downscaling techniques and spatial scale effects can provide technical and theoretical support to improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of satellite precipitation data.In this study,we used a machine learning algorithm combined with a regression algorithm RF-PLS (Random Forest-Partial Least Squares) to construct a downscaling model to obtain three types of high-resolution TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) downscaled precipitation data for the years 2000-2017 at 250 m,500 m,and 1 km.The scale effects with topographic and geomorphological features in the study area were analysed.Finally,we described the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation based on the optimal TRMM downscaled precipitation data.The results showed that:1) The linear relationships between the TRMM downscaled precipitation data obtained by each of the three downscaled models (PLS,RF,and RF-PLS) and the precipitation at the observation stations were improved compared to the linear relationships between the original TRMM data and the precipitation at the observation stations.The accuracy of the RF-PLS model was better than the other two models.2) Based on the RF-PLS model,the resolution of the TRMM data was increased to three different scales (250 m,500 m,and 1 km),considering the scale effects with topographic and geomorphological features.The precipitation simulation effect with a spatial resolution of 500 m was better than the other two scales.3) The annual precipitation was the highest in the areas with extremely high mountains,followed by the mediumhigh mountain,high mountain,medium mountain,medium-low mountain,plain,low mountain,and basin.
Alzheimer's disease risk after COVID-19:a view from the perspective of the infectious hypothesis of neurodegeneration

In light of the rising evidence of the association between viral and bacterial infections and neurodegeneration,we aimed at revisiting the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and analyzing the possible implications of COVID-19 neurological sequelae in long-term neurodegeneration.We wondered how SARS-CoV-2 could be related to the amyloid-β cascade and how it could lead to the pathological hallmarks of the disease.We also predict a paradigm change in clinical medicine,which now has a great opportunity to conduct prospective surveillance of cognitive sequelae and progression to dementia in people who suffered severe infections together with other risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
Inhibition of Notch 1 signaling in the subacute stage after stroke promotes striatal astrocyte-derived neurogenesis

Inhibition of Notch1 signaling has been shown to promote astrocyte-derived neurogenesis after stroke.To investigate the regulatory role of Notch1 signaling in this process,in this study,we used a rat model of stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed the behavior of reactive astrocytes post-stroke.We used the y-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-diuorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester (DAPT) to block Notch1 signaling at 1,4,and 7 days after injury.Our results showed that only administration of DAPT at 4 days after stroke promoted astrocyte-derived neurogenesis,as manifested by recovery of white matter fiber bundle integrity on magnetic resonance imaging,which is consistent with recovery of neurologic function.These findings suggest that inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage post-stroke mediates neural repair by promoting astrocyte-derived neurogenesis.
On the (m, r, s)-Halves of a Riordan Array and Applications

Given a Riordan array, its vertical half and horizontal half are studied separately before. In the present paper, we introduce the (m, r, s)-halves of a Riordan array. This allows us to discuss the vertical half and horizontal half in a uniform context. As applications, we find several new identities involving Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal sequences by applying the (m, r, s)-halves of Pascal and Delannoy matrices.
Observations and interpretations of geomorphologic features in the Tianwen-1 landing area on Mars by using orbital imagery data

China’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, successfully landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars on May 15, 2021. This work presents a detailed investigation of the geologic context of the landing area surface for this mission based on orbital remotesensing data. We constructed a geomorphologic map for the Tianwen-1 landing area. Results of our detailed geomorphologic map show several major landforms within the landing area, including rampart craters, mesas, troughs, cones, and ridges. Analysis of materials on the landing area surface indicates that most of the landing area is covered by Martian dust. Transverse aeolian ridges are widely distributed within the landing area, indicating the surface contexts were (and still are) modified by regional winds. In addition, a crater counting analysis indicates the landing area has an absolute model age of ~3.3 Ga and that a later resurfacing event occurred at ~1.6 Ga. Finally, we outline four formational scenarios to test the formation mechanisms for the geomorphologic features on the landing area surface. The most likely interpretation to explain the existence of the observed surface features can be summarized as follows: A thermal influence may have played an important role in the formation of the surface geomorphologic features; thus, igneous-related processes may have occurred in the landing area. Water ice may also have been involved in the construction of the primordial surface configuration. Subsequent resurfacing events and aeolian processes buried and modified the primordial surface.
Solar cycle variations in equatorial ionospheric zonal electric fields near sunrise

In this study, we investigate the solar cycle dependence of the sunrise ionospheric zonal electric fields at the equator under geomagnetically quiet conditions. Simulations using the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) reveal that the equatorial eastward electric field at sunrise decreases with the increase in solar activity, independent of longitude, season, and lower atmospheric tides. The solar cycle dependence of the sunrise zonal electric field is mainly related to the zonal wind dynamo. Moreover, this solar cycle dependence of sunrise electric fields at the equator is dominated by the corresponding variation in the F-region dynamo because the response of conductivity and neutral winds near sunrise to increasing solar flux is stronger in the F-region than in the E-region, although the sunrise eastward enhancement of electric fields is mainly driven by the E-region zonal wind dynamo. Specifically, the westward gradient of low-latitude F-region neutral winds near the dawn terminator tends to produce westward electric fields in the equatorial region that are more pronounced at solar maximum, whereas the midlatitude E-region dynamo induces an eastward enhancement of sunrise electric fields at the equator that decreases slightly with increasing solar activity. This study also reveals that the reason the eastward enhancement of equatorial zonal electric fields near dawn and dusk terminators show opposite solar cycle dependence is because of their different generation mechanisms.
Thermal ageing of soft and hard epoxy resins

Two kinds of epoxy resin, a soft one with rubber-based additives and an ordinary hard one, are used as electrical insulators and airtight sealants in electrical penetrations in nuclear power plants(NPPs). Knowing how they behave under adverse environments is important for the safe operation of NPPs. In this regard, we gave artificial thermal ageing treatment to the two resins by heating them in air at various temperatures. The resins were then subjected to mechanical, thermal, and dielectric tests. As a result, it has become clear that the soft epoxy resin becomes hard, while its permittivity and loss factor decrease as the heating becomes longer. The glass transition tends to occur at a high temperature in the soft epoxy resin when it was heated. With these changes, the soft resin tends to exhibit similar behaviour in various properties to that of the unaged hard one. On the other hand, the hard one is hardly affected by the simulated thermal ageing. Therefore, both resins can be useable in NPPs.
Insulation degradation and fracture cracks of mechanical impacted thermal-ageing oil-impregnated papers

In order to elucidate mechanical impacts affecting the insulation strength of thermalageing oil-impregnated pressboards, we perform mechanical degradation experiments of impacting forces that are represented as the winding-suffered stresses on thermalageing oil-paper insulation in transient short-circuit of transformer. Water content, degree of polymerisation(DP), partial discharge inception voltage and AC breakdown field strength are tested and analysed for diverse thermal-ageing levels. An analytical model of mechanical degradation is established by relating dielectric breakdown strength to mechanical impact. Mechanical impacts result in less water content in thermal-aging oilimpregnated pressboards while causing reduction and increment of DP, respectively, in mildly and severely aged oil-impregnated pressboards. Partial discharge inception voltage and dielectric breakdown strength vary significantly with the numbers of impact cycles, showing a maximum value under low-intensity impact and decreasing monotonously under high-intensity impact. High-intensity mechanical impacts will evidently exacerbate the thermal deterioration process of oil-impregnated pressboards, which is primarily attributed to cellulose fibre fractures in pressboard cracks produced by equivalent tensile stress of mechanical impacts. It is acceptable for mildly aged oil-impregnated pressboards to suffer low-intensity mechanical impacts that will alleviate insulation degradation by restraining partial discharge in smaller oil-gaps and prolonging breakdown discharge pathways along impact-caused cracks.
Influence of thermal ageing on high-field polarisation characteristics and conductivity behaviour of submarine polymeric cables insulation

Diagnosing insulation intrinsic ageing is essential for preventing insulation failure of submarine cables, and in case of failure, helping in any decision about maintenance actions. In this study, a novel aged cable diagnosis approach based on high-voltage frequency domain spectroscopy(HV-FDS)with broader frequency width is proposed to analyse the high-field polarisation characteristics and conductivity behaviour of 500 kV submarine polymeric cables insulation, aiming to support the evaluation of overall insulation ageing. The measurement principle of HV-FDS and relaxation mechanism are stated, and then focus is on studying the extent of change of polarisation and conduction properties of submarine cables insulation as a function of ageing stress and time. Moreover, the high-field polarisation characteristics and conductivity behaviour are discussed in-depth based on the carrier transport and trap properties. Finally, the novel diagnostic indicator based on the high-field characteristics is extracted to quantify the thermal ageing state of submarine cables insulation. Results show that the high-field polarisation characteristics and conductivity behaviour seem to become sensitive diagnostic quantities if measured at reasonably high voltage, which are able to reveal mechanisms associated with thermo-oxidative ageing as that generated in the testing procedure considered in this paper. Sensitivity is considerably higher than that experienced in typical dielectric spectroscopy approaches.
基于网络药理学探讨莱菔硫烷治疗急性一氧化碳中毒脑损伤的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学方法,探究莱菔硫烷(SFN)治疗急性一氧化碳中毒(ACOP)脑损伤潜在靶点和分子机制。方法:检索Pubchem数据库获得SFN的2D结构,通过Pharmmapper网站获得化合物预测靶点,检索GeneCards和OMIM数据库获得ACOP脑损伤的靶点,通过STRING数据库构建蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,利用Cytoscape软件构建分子网络,应用Metascape数据库进行GO和KEGG分析。结果:通过筛选,共获得SFN的有效靶基因81个,ACOP脑损伤有效靶基因1207个,其中共同靶点36个,PPI网络分析显示ALB、AKT1、MMP9等为网络的核心靶点,GO分析结果提示相关靶点显著富集在细胞对肽的反应、对氧化应激的细胞反应以及活性氧代谢过程的正向调节等生物功能,KEGG富集分析结果主要涉及癌症通路、乙型肝炎通路、催乳素信号通路、自噬-动物信号通路等相关通路。结论:通过网络药理学初步揭示SFN对ACOP脑损伤的作用具有多靶点性,SFN作用于ALB、AKT1、MMP-9等核心靶点,通过抗炎、抗细胞凋亡、增强自噬等发挥抗ACOP作用。
The safflower MBW complex regulates HYSA accumulation through degradation by the E3 ligase CtBB1

The regulatory mechanism of the MBW (MYBbHLH- WD40) complex in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) remains unclear. In the present study, we show that the separate overexpression of the genes CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, and CtWD40-6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased anthocyanin and procyanidin contents in the transgenic plants and partially rescued the trichome reduction phenotype of the corresponding bhlh41, myb63, and wd40-6 single mutants. Overexpression of CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, or CtWD40-6 in safflower significantly increased the content of the natural pigment hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) and negatively regulated safflower petal size. Yeast-two-hybrid, functional, and genetic assays demonstrated that the safflower E3 ligase CtBB1 (BIG BROTHER 1) can ubiquitinate CtbHLH41, marking it for degradation through the 26S proteasome and negatively regulating flavonoid accumulation. CtMYB63/CtWD40-6 enhanced the transcriptional activity of CtbHLH41 on the CtDFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) promoter. We propose that the MBW-CtBB1 regulatory module may play an important role in coordinating HYSA accumulation with other response mechanisms.
A pair of G-type lectin receptor-like kinases modulates nlp20-mediated immune responses by coupling to the RLP23 receptor complex

Plant cells recognize microbial patterns with the plasma-membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors consisting mainly of receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). RKs, such as bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2, and their downstream signaling components have been studied extensively. However, newly discovered regulatory components of RLP-mediated immune signaling, such as the nlp20 receptor RLP23, await identification. Unlike RKs, RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain, instead recruiting the receptor-like kinases (RLKs) BAK1 and SOBIR1. SOBIR1 specifically works as an adapter for RLP-mediated immunity. To identify new regulators of RLPmediated signaling, we looked for SOBIR1-binding proteins (SBPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana using protein immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, identifying two G-type lectin RLKs, SBP1 and SBP2, that physically interacted with SOBIR1. SBP1 and SBP2 showed high sequence similarity, were tandemly repeated on chromosome 4, and also interacted with both RLP23 and BAK1. sbp1 sbp2 double mutants obtained via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing showed severely impaired nlp20- induced reactive oxygen species burst, mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and defense gene expression, but normal flg22-induced immune responses. We showed that SBP1 regulated nlp20-induced immunity in a kinase activityindependent manner. Furthermore, the nlp20- induced the RLP23-BAK1 interaction, although not the flg22-induced FLS2-BAK1 interaction, was significantly reduced in sbp1 sbp2. This study identified SBPs as new regulatory components in RLP23 receptor complex that may specifically modulate RLP23-mediated immunity by positively regulating the interaction between the RLP23 receptor and the BAK1 co-receptor.
A TDMA Approach for OFDM-Based Multiuser RadCom Systems

This paper is focused on the multiuser implementation of fusion of radar and communication (RadCom) in internet-of-vehicles (IoV) scenarios.Traditional time-division multiple access (TDMA) technology degrades the velocity detection performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based RadCom systems.We propose a new TDMA approach for OFDM-based RadCom systems,where multiuser communication and radar detection are completed synchronously.We consider a continuous-wave TDMA OFDM structure in which random user data or Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences are transmitted in one symbol duration to ensure detection performance.As an application of interference cancellation method,user data demodulation and environment sensing can be simultaneously accomplished by our proposed approach.We carry out numerical evaluation and show wireless communication and radar detection performance over the continuous-wave TDMA OFDM-based RadCom approach.
Directed Acyclic Graph Blockchain for Secure Spectrum Sharing and Energy Trading in Power IoT

Peer-to-peer (P2P) spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators (LAGs) cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.
Triggering of Major Brain Disorders by Protons and ATP: The Role of ASICs and P2X Receptors

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is well-known as a universal source of energy in living cells. Less known is that this molecule has a variety of important signaling functions: it activates a variety of specific metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) receptors in neuronal and non-neuronal cell membranes. So, a wide variety of signaling functions well fits the ubiquitous presence of ATP in the tissues. Even more ubiquitous are protons. Apart from the unspecific interaction of protons with any protein, many physiological processes are affected by protons acting on specific ionotropic receptors-acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Both protons (acidification) and ATP are locally elevated in various pathological states. Using these fundamentally important molecules as agonists, ASICs and P2X receptors signal a variety of major brain pathologies. Here we briefly outline the physiological roles of ASICs and P2X receptors, focusing on the brain pathologies involving these receptors.
OsPPR9 encodes a DYW-type PPR protein that affects editing efficiency of multiple RNA editing sites and is essential for chloroplast development

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts, whose development is regulated by proteins encoded by nuclear genes. Among them, pentapeptide repeat (PPR) proteins participate in organelle RNA editing. Although there are more than 450 members of the PPR protein family in rice, only a few affect RNA editing in rice chloroplasts. Gene editing technology has created new rice germplasm and mutants, which could be used for rice breeding and gene function study. This study evaluated the functions of OsPPR9 in chloroplast RNA editing in rice. The osppr9 mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9, which showed yellowing leaves and a lethal phenotype, with suppressed expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and accumulation of photosynthetic-related proteins. In addition, loss of OsPPR9 protein function reduces the editing efficiency of rps8-C182, rpoC2-C4106, rps14-C80, and ndhB-C611 RNA editing sites, which affects chloroplast growth and development in rice. Our data showed that OsPPR9 is highly expressed in rice leaves and encodes a DYW-PPR protein localized in chloroplasts. Besides, the OsPPR9 protein was shown to interact with OsMORF2 and OsMORF9. Together, our findings provide insights into the role of the PPR protein in regulating chloroplast development in rice.