mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Cementitious grain-boundary passivation for flexible perovskite solar cells with superior environmental stability and mechanical robustness

The power conversion effciency(PCE) of flexible perovskite solar cells(PSCs) has increased rapidly, while the mechanical flexibility and environmental stability are still far from satisfactory.Previous studies show the environmental degradation and ductile cracks of perovskite films usually begin at the grain boundaries(GBs).Herein, sulfonated graphene oxide(s-GO) is employed to construct a cementitious GBs by interacting with the [PbI—6]~(4-)at GBs.The resultant s-GO-[PbI—6]~(4-)complex can effectively passivate the defects of vacant iodine, and the devices with s-GO exhibit remarkable waterproofness and flexibility due to the tough and water-insoluble GBs.The champion PCE of 20.56%(1.01 cm~2) in a device treated with s-GO is achieved.This device retains 90% of its original PCE after 180 d stored in the ambient condition, as well as over 80% retention after 10,000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3 mm.
Efficient organic solar cells with low-temperature in situ prepared Ga_2O_3 or In_2O_3 electron collection layers

Facile synthesis of an interfacial layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) is important for broadening material designs and upscaling photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE).Herein,a mild solution process of spin-coating In(acac)_3 and Ga(acac)_3 isopropanol precursors followed by low-temperature thermal treatment was developed to fabricate In_2O_3 and Ga_2O_3 cathode buffer layers (CBLs).The introduction of In_2O_3 or Ga_2O_3 CBLs endows PM6:Y6-based OSCs with outstanding performance and high PCEs of 16.17% and 16.01%,respectively.Comparison studies present that the In_2O_3 layer possesses a work function (WF) of 4.58 eV,which is more favorable for the formation of ohmic contact compared with the Ga_2O_3 layer with a WF of 5.06 eV and leads to a higher open circuit voltage for the former devices.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed to reveal how In_2O_3 and Ga_2O_3 affect the internal charge transfer and the origin of their performance difference.Although In_2O_3 possesses lower series resistance loss,Ga_2O_3 has a higher recombination resistance,which enhances the device fill factor and compensates for its series resistance loss to some extent.Comparative analysis of the photo-physics of In_2O_3 and Ga_2O_3 suggests that both are excellent CBLs for highly efficient OSCs.
Oxidation of a Zr_(46)Cu_(46)Al_7Gd_1 bulk metallic glass detected via optical characterizations

Oxidation of metallic glasses has been shown to be different from crystalline alloys due to the disordered atomic structures and far-from-equilibrium state,and quick characterization is required to reveal their early stage oxidation.In this study,we investigated the oxidation behavior of a Zr_(46)Cu_(46)Al_7Gd_1 bulk metallic glass by measuring the changes of optical constants via spectroscopic ellipsometry.Characterizations with X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and thermogravimetric analyzer confirmed that the changes of pseudo-optical constants reflected not only the onset temperature at which the alloys underwent obvious oxidation,but also the subtle oxidation which was tedious to characterize.Our study suggests a more efficient and accurate approach to understand the oxidation of metallic glasses with temperature,time and compositions.
Mesoporous Fe_3O_4@C nanoarrays as highperformance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery

Rechargeable aqueous batteries with high power density and energy density are highly desired for electrochemical energy storage.Despite the recent reports of various cathode materials with ultrahigh pseudocapacitance exceeding 3000 F g~(-1) (or 800 mA h g~(-1)),the development of anode materials is relatively insufficient,which limits the whole performance of the devices far from practical applications.Herein,we report the preparation of mesoporous Fe_3O_4@C nanoarrays as high-performance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery by a self-generated sacrificial template method.ZnO/Fe_3O_4 composite was first synthesized by a co-deposition process,and ZnO was subsequently removed by alkali etching to construct the mesoporous structure.A thin carbon film was introduced onto the surface of the electrode by the carbonization of glucose to increase the structural stability of the electrode.The unique mesoporous nanoarray architecture endows the electrode with larger specific surface area,faster charge/mass transport and higher utilization of Fe_3O_4,which shows an ultrahigh specific capacity (292.4 mA h g~(-1) at a current density of 5 mA cm~(-2)) and superior stability in aqueous electrolyte (capacitance retention of 90.8% after 5000 cycles).After assembled with hierarchical mesoporous NiO nanoarray as a cathode,an optimized rechargeable Ni/Fe battery with double mesoporous nanoarray electrodes was fabricated,which provided high energy/power densities (213.3 W h kg~(-1) at 0.658 kW kg~(-1) and 20.7 kW kg~(-1) at 113.9Wh kg~(-1),based on the total mass of the active materials) in the potential window of 1.5 V with excellent cyclability (81.7% retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles).
Superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/polyimide nanofiber composite aerogels for thermal insulation under extremely humid and hot environment

Excellent thermal insulating materials are highly demanded in various applications including buildings,aerospace and sport equipment.However,in practical applications,the performance of thermal insulating materials usually deteriorates under diverse temperature and humidity conditions.Therefore,it is highly essential to construct a bulk material that exhibits outstanding thermal insulation performance under extremely humid and hot environment.In this work,we have conceived a green and effective strategy to fabricate a superhydrophobic and compressible polyvinylidene fluoride/polyimide (PVDF/PI) nanofiber composite aerogel via electrospinning and freeze-drying technique.Interestingly,the PVDF nanofibers and PI nanofibers function as the hydrophobic fibrous framework and mechanical support skeleton,respectively,forming a robust three-dimensional framework with good mechanical flexibility.The PVDF/PI aerogel possesses outstanding superhydrophobic feature (water contact angle of 152°) and low thermal conductivity (31.0 mW m~(-1) K~(-1)) at room temperature.Significantly,even at 100% relative humidity (80°C),the PVDF/PI aerogel still exhibits a low thermal conductivity of only 48.6 mW m~(-1) K~(-1),which outperforms the majority of commercial thermal insulating materials.Therefore,the novel PVDF/PI aerogel is promising as an excellent thermal insulating material for the applications in high-temperature and humid environment.
Molecule-assisted modulation of the high-valence Co~(3+) in 3D honeycomb-like Co_xS_y networks for high-performance solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

Modulating the oxidation states of transition metal species has been regarded as a promising strategy to tune the redox activity and achieve more active sites in electrode materials.In this work,a unique three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like cobalt sulfide (Co_xS_y) network organized by cross-linked nanosheets (Co_xS_y-T NSs) was prepared via a simple triethanolamine (TEOA)-assisted self-templating strategy.Interestingly,it has been found for the first time that the introduction of TEOA in the reaction effectively increases the ratio of high-valence Co~(3+) in the final product.Benefiting from the synergetic effect of the tailored high-valence Co~(3+) with the 3D network structure,the Co_xS_y-T NS electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity of 351 mA h g~(-1) (2635 F g~(-1)) at 5 A g~(-1) as well as excellent cycling stability.Furthermore,with the solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) constructed based on the Co_xS_y-T NSs and activated carbon (AC) electrodes,a high energy density up to 81.62 W h kg~(-1) has been achieved at the power density of 0.81 kW kg~(-1) and 96.2% capacitance is preserved after 7000 cycles,indicating robust cycling stability.This result highlights the simple approach of simultaneously tailoring highvalence metal species and constructing 3D network structure toward high-performance electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.
Mechanochemistry enables optical-electrical multifunctional response and tunability in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites

Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have attracted phenomenal attention because of their superior optoelectronic performances.The combination of their structural tunability and material stability offers an unprecedented opportunity to engineer materials with unique functionalities.However,developing a rapid and effective design method for introducing luminescence into dielectric switch and realizing controllable regulation has been an enormous challenge.Thus far,materials with tunable optoelectronic multichannel response have not been successfully implemented.In this study,we successfully developed a facile and effective mechanochemical method for realizing the integration and regulation of luminescence and dielectric switch in 2D perovskites,which is unprecedented for the design of dielectric switching materials.The mild external mechanical stimuli enabled the formation of Mn~(2+) ion-doped 2D hybrid perovskites (Cyclopropylammonium)_2Pb_(1–x)Mn_xBr_4 with excellent dielectric switch and rapidly controllable luminescence of highly efficient blue light,white light,pink light,and orange light.This work will provide a new perspective on the rapid and effective design of multifunctional materials and can inspire the future development of low-cost and high-efficiency electronics.
Tailoring organic bulk-heterojunction for charge extraction and spectral absorption in CsPbBr_3 perovskite solar cells

All-inorganic CsPbBr_3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates to balance the stability and efficiency issues of organic-inorganic hybrid devices.However,the large energy barrier for charge transfer and narrow spectral response are still two challenging problems for performance improvement.We present here an organic bulkheterojunction {poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)} photoactive layer to boost the charge extraction and to widen the spectral absorption,achieving an enhanced power conversion efficiency up to 8.94% by optimizing the thickness of P3HT:PCBM photoactive layer,which is much higher than 6.28% for the pristine CsPbBr_3 device.The interaction between the carbonyl group in PCBM and unsaturated Pb atom in the perovskite surface can effectively passivate the defects and reduce charge recombination.Furthermore,the coupling effect between PCBM and P3HT widens the spectral response from 540 to 650 nm for an increased short-circuit current density.More importantly,the devices are relatively stable over 75 days upon persistent attack by 70% relative humidity in air condition.These advantages of high efficiency,excellent long-term stability,cost-effectiveness and scalability may promote the commercialization of inorganic PSCs.
Enabling topical and long-term anti-radical properties for percutaneous coronary intervention-related complications by incorporating TEMPOL into electrospun nanofibers

Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antioxidants has been demonstrated as the most effective strategy for preventing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related complications.However,topical and long-term delivery of ROS antioxidants to a specific vascular tissue is proven to be a great challenge.Herein,an ROS scavenger of 4- hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) is incorporated into electrospun nanofibers with a tunable loading amount to achieve its topical applicability and long-term antiradical capability.Biological functions of such TEMPOL-loaded electrospun membranes are evaluated by cell proliferation,ROS-scavenging capability,monocyte adhesion,cell migration,inflammatory molecule secretion and mRNA expression in vitro.After optimizing the loading amount of TEMPOL,such an electrospun membrane presents a superior ROS-scavenging and anti-inflammation performance for both endothelial cells and macrophages.The expression of endothelial prothrombogenic molecules and the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are also effectively inhibited.Thus,it is bravely predicted that the topical use of such a TEMPOL-loaded electrospun system will be a promising pathway for the anti-restenosis therapy,especially when used as a novel coating on stent for long-term and topical delivery of antioxidant drugs.
NiS/Ni_3S_2@NiWO_4 nanoarrays towards all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor with record-high energy density

The rational design and synthesis of hybrid-type electrode nanomaterials are significant for their diverse applications,including their potential usage as high-efficiency nanoarchitectures for supercapacitors (SCs) as a class of promising energy-storage systems for powering next-generation electric vehicles and electronic devices.Here,we reported a facile and controllable synthesis of core-shell NiS/Ni_3S_2@NiWO_4 nanoarrays to fabricate a freestanding electrode for hybrid SCs.Impressively,the as-prepared freestanding NiS/Ni_3S_2@NiWO_4 electrode presents an ultrahigh areal capacity of 2032 μA h cm~(-2) at 5 mA cm~(-2),and a capacity retention of 63.6% even when the current density increased up to 50 mA cm~(-2).Remarkably,the NiS/Ni_3S_2@NiWO_4 nanoarraybased hybrid SC delivers a maximum energy density of 1.283 mW h cm~(-2) at 3.128 mW cm~(-2) and a maximum power density of 41.105 mW cm~(-2) at 0.753 mWh cm~(-2).Furthermore,the hybrid SC exhibits a capacity retention of 89.6% even after continuous 10,000 cycles,proving its superior stability.This study provides a facile pathway to rationally design a variety of core-shell metal nanostructures for high-performance energy storage devices.
Band alignment towards high-efficiency NiO_x-based Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells

Narrow-bandgap tin-lead (Sn-Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a key role in constructing perovskite tandem solar cells that are potential to overpass Shockley-Queisser limit.A robust,chemically stable and lowtemperature- processed hole transporting layer (HTL) is essential for building high-efficiency Sn-Pb solar cells and perovskite tandem solar cells.Here,we explore a roomtemperature- processed NiO_x (L-NiO_x) HTL based on nanocrystals (NCs) for Sn-Pb PSCs.In comparison with hightemperature- annealed NiO_x (H-NiO_x) film,the L-NiO_x film shows deeper valence band and lower trap density,which increases the built-in potential and reduces carrier recombination,leading to a power conversion efficiency of 18.77%,the record for NiO_x-based narrow-bandgap PSCs.Furthermore,the device maintains about 96% of its original efficiency after 50 days.This work provides a robust and room-temperatureprocessed HTL for highly efficient and stable narrow-bandgap PSCs.
Behavior of gold-enhanced electrocatalytic performance of NiPtAu hollow nanocrystals for alkaline methanol oxidation

The Pt-based catalyst tends to be poisoned by carbon monoxide (CO)-like intermediates produced in fuel cell reactions,which seriously deteriorates its catalytic performance.Herein,noble metal Au with the capacity of resistance to CO-like intermediates poisoning was employed to construct multi-element Pt-based catalysts.Two trimetallic NiPtAu hollow nanocrystals (HNCs) with different surface Au contents were synthesized to explore the role of Au in electrocatalysis for alkaline methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).The trimetallic NiPtAu-SR_(Au) HNCs catalyst with the relative rich Au content (15.17 at%) on surface exhibits a much lower CO oxidation peak potential than the other HNCs counterpart and 20 wt% Pt/C,which indicates the more exceptional COresisting performance.Besides,the MOR specific activity of NiPtAu-SR_(Au) HNCs (31.52 mA cm~(-2)) is 7 times higher than that of 20 wt% Pt/C (4.50 mA cm~(-2)).This enhancement in catalytic activity as well as anti-CO poisoning capability for NiPtAu-SR_(Au) HNCs can be mainly ascribed to the weakened CO adsorption due to the exposure of Au atoms on NiPt surface evidenced by the experimental data and density functional theory calculations.This study not only investigates the role of Au in MOR catalysis but also could be helpful for designing and optimizing the electrocatalysts for high-active and robust fuel cell applications.
Sodium ion storage performance and mechanism in orthorhombic V_2O_5 single-crystalline nanowires

A fundamental understanding of the electrochemical reaction process and mechanism of electrodes is very crucial for developing high-performance electrode materials.In this study,we report the sodium ion storage behavior and mechanism of orthorhombic V_2O_5 single-crystalline nanowires in the voltage window of 1.0-4.0 V (vs.Na/Na~+).The single-crystalline nanowires exhibit a large irreversible capacity loss during the first discharge/charge cycle,and then show excellent cycling stability in the following cycles.At a current density of 100 mA g~(–1),the nanowires electrode delivers initial discharge/charge capacity of 217/88 mA h g~(–1),corresponding to a Coulombic efficiency of only 40.5%;after 100 cycles,the electrode remains a reversible discharge capacity of 78 mA h g~(–1) with a fading rate of only 0.09% per cycle compared with the 2~(nd) cycle discharge capacity.The sodium ion storage mechanism was investigated,illustrating that the large irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle can be attributed to the initially formed single-crystalline α'-Na_xV_2O_5 (0.02
基于ANSYS的新中式实木椅力学分析

基于新中式家具设计理念,以传统官帽椅为原型,以花梨木为基材进行新中式实木椅设计,建立实木椅实体模型后使用有限元法进行静力学分析,探究其构件的受力特性及疲劳寿命。结果表明:在花梨木椅子座面施加1 600 N载荷时,椅子产生的最大变形为0.033 mm,主要分布在椅子座板中部;椅子受到的最大等效应力值与应变值分布在椅子腿部罗锅枨榫口处,分别为7.62 MPa、4.025×10~(-5),椅子最小安全因子也在此处,最小安全因子大于2.95,椅子在加载过程中结构不会被破坏。同时,椅子座面受到950 N载荷循环加载105次时,椅子座面产生的最大变形为0.024 mm;椅子腿部罗锅枨榫口处受到的等效应力值与等效应变值最大,分别为5.6 MPa、 3×10~(-5),此处疲劳寿命值最小、疲劳损伤最大,椅腿最小使用寿命次数为1.078 8×10~8次,最大损伤值为0.26。最后,通过花梨木椅子的疲劳寿命曲线得:随着应力的增大,椅子的使用寿命在逐渐缩短;在0 ~ 6 MPa内,椅子寿命使用次数与疲劳寿命云图最值数据一致。
联盟链共识机制研究综述

【目的】分析拜占庭问题的应用,梳理联盟链共识机制的相关研究。【文献范围】以Consensus Mechanisms和共识机制为检索词,分别检索WoS、ResearchGate、arXiv以及中国知网,人工筛选联盟链共识机制相关的文献,最终选取74篇相关文献。【方法】梳理区块链共识机制及其分类方法,回顾拜占庭问题在分布式领域的应用,研究强共识的共识机制和授权共识机制。【结果】总结拜占庭问题、布鲁尔定理、拜占庭系统和拜占庭容错机制的发展过程以及内在联系;提出联盟链共识机制的基本流程和评价标准;基于安全性和时延性将联盟链共识机制分为4类。【局限】理论上可用于联盟链的共识机制较多,本文未全部展开介绍。 【结论】联盟链共识机制的研究推进了区块链的落地实践,从容错能力、通信时延、转换效率等维度改进共识机制是联盟链共识机制未来的研究方向。
景观照明设计中色光的用户感性意象量化分析研究

为解决景观照明设计中用户感性意象难以量化的问题,以其中的色光作为研究对象,提出基于语义差分法与熵权理论的评价实验方法,分析了用户感性意象语义化、计算机辅助典型照明设计模型建立及评价结果量化分析的过程。以园林景观照明设计为实验,构建了“亭、廊、桥”三类典型计算机辅助照明设计模型,基于VR虚拟现实技术用12个用户感性意象评价度进行了20名用户的设计评价实验,能够对色光设定与用户间的互动形成较准确、客观的的评价分析结果。最终,提供了以用户感性意象分析为研究视角,经过收集、分析和归纳形成的典型语义词汇可对景观照明设计的评价起指导性作用,也将能够为设计修正的参考;对评价的数据运用熵权理论进行了分析,为较大尺度的景观照明设计评价与分析提供了具有较好的操作性方法,为更广泛的、面向景观照明设计的用户感性意象量化分析提供参考。
抵偿投影最大适用范围及最大投影变形最小参数确定方法

为了满足相关规范对测区最大投影变形的控制要求,需要采取措施抑制测区投影变形,无论是抵偿投影面高斯正形投影或者任意带高斯正形投影,或者以上两种方式的结合,都有必要确定该投影方法满足最大投影变形限差条件的最大可适用范围,还有必要根据项目确定的范围对投影最大投影变形进行判定,并进行投影参数的科学选择。研究了满足最大投影变形限差条件的最大可适用范围,对工程最大投影变形分析方法进行了讨论,并研究了基于最大投影变形最小化的抵偿投影参数确定方法。
基于区域生长的体素滤波点云去噪算法

介绍了一种基于区域生长的体素滤波点云去噪算法。首先,使用体素滤波算法将点云数据体素化后,根据每个网格与最大密度网格的比值大小,将网格分为两类:大密度网格、小密度网格。然后对大密度网格使用区域生长法处理。最后,对全部数据进行区域生长处理。实验结果表明,该方法能够消除大、小尺度噪声,并且能够消除簇状噪声,且不改变点云的纹理信息。
基于河长制的黄河流域水环境地图可视化

黄河流域的生态保护和高质量发展在2019年上升为国家重大战略。以黄河流域为研究区域,以河长制的工作内容为导向,全面研讨区域内水污染空间分布规律、动态变化规律及其与社会经济的相关性。依据专题地图理论,探讨以专题地图方式进行可视化表达的方法,建设性地提出了从数据处理分析到制图可视化的研究思路,并设计绘制了黄河流域水环境专题地图。
顾及局部统计特征的均值滤波方法及其应用

针对Caris软件自动滤波结果中仍存在较多异常数据点、手工剔除需要耗费较长时间的问题,提出了一种基于局部统计特征的均值滤波方法。先利用局部统计特征剔除局部异常点,再结合均值滤波方法估计格网点水深值。实验结果表明,方法处理结果与手工编辑结果水深差值中误差仅为0.121m,而处理时长极大缩短,对工作效率的提升很大。
放射性核素标记的成纤维细胞激活蛋白靶向分子探针的研究进展

成纤维细胞激活蛋白(FAP)是癌症相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)的标志性蛋白,在90%以上的上皮癌中有高表达,而正常组织几乎不表达。因此,FAP是一个非常有潜力的靶点。放射性核素标记的FAP靶向分子探针可用于PET或SPECT显像,尤其是~(68)Ga-FAP抑制剂(FAPIs)PET/CT在临床上已显示出良好的前景,为肿瘤的早期诊断、精确分期以及放射性核素治疗提供了一种新的思路。此外,FAP在某些非肿瘤疾病也有高表达,尤其是与纤维化相关的疾病。该文将对放射性核素标记的靶向FAP分子探针的研究进展做一综述。
~(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像组学在预测肺腺癌患者EGFR突变中的价值

目的分析并比较~(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET及CT影像组学参数在预测肺腺癌患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)表达中的作用。方法回顾性收集2017年1月至12月间于南方医院就诊的114例[男64例,女50例,年龄35~84(平均61)岁]肺腺癌初治患者的治疗前~(18)F-FDG PET/CT图像及其EGFR表达资料。用LIFEx软件手动逐层勾画感兴趣体积并提取图像参数,通过最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)方法重复200次进行参数选择,经十倍交叉验证选择模型的最优调和参数λ,再采用logistics逐步回归进一步筛选参数建模。针对3种数据集(PET参数、CT参数、PET+CT参数)构建3种模型,分别记为M_(PET)、M_(CT)、M_(PET+CT)。用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析模型预测EGFR突变的价值,获得曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异性、准确性,采用Delong检验比较三者的AUC。结果114例肺腺癌患者中,EGFR野生型61例(53.51%),EGFR突变型53例(46.49%)。最终从PET、CT、PET+CT图像参数中分别筛选出3、3、7个参数构成回归模型M_(PET)、M_(CT)、M_(PET+CT),三者AUC分别为0.730、0.752、0.866。当三者界值分别取0.427、0.522、0.378时,约登指数最大,分别为0.420、0.405、0.630,灵敏度分别为83.0% (44/53)、58.5%(31/53)、92.5%(49/53),特异性分别为59.0% (36/61)、82.0%(50/61)、70.5% (43/61),准确性分别为70.2% (80/114)、71.1% (81/114)、80.7% (92/114)。M_(PET)与M_(CT)的AUC之间差异无统计学意义(z=-0.320,P>0.05),M_(PET+CT)与M_(PET)、M_(CT)之间AUC差异均有统计学意义(z值:2.963、2.523,均P<0.05)。结论PET、CT、PET+CT影像组学均与肺腺癌EGFR基因表达状态相关,其中M_(PET+CT)预测效能最高。
TiO_2/C复合材料用于钠离子电池负极的性能研究

近年来,TiO_2作为钠离子电池(NIB)负极材料,因其低成本和高稳定性等优势受到广泛关注。但受TiO_2本征电子导电性的固有限制,使得TiO_2作为NIB负极材料导电性较差,导致其容量和倍率等性能不理想。利用海藻酸钠与金属离子自主交联反应的特性,将反应产物在最佳温度下进行简单碳化,制备了具有分级多孔结构的TiO_2/C复合材料,其中TiO_2纳米颗粒均匀地分布在多孔互连的碳基体中,该结构提升了复合材料导电性的同时扩展了钠离子反应的附着位点。将TiO_2/C复合材料用于NIB负极材料,在100 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环300圈后,电池可逆比容量维持在180.4 mAh·g~(-1);进一步,在更高的1000 mA·g~(-1)电流密度下经过1000次循环后,电池可逆比容量维持在102.3 mAh·g~(-1),充分显示出TiO_2/C复合材料作为NIB负极材料的应用潜能。
改进的VCT长时间序列森林干扰方法

针对传统的VCT(Vegetation Change Tracker)模型进行了改进,通过引入双季节数据,提高了森林干扰提取精度。以湖南省株洲市天元区和渌口区为例,基于Google Earth Engine搭建了VCT模型,构建了长时间序列Landsat 5/8卫星数据堆栈(LTSS),实现了研究区1989-2019年以来的森林干扰历史重建,分析了研究区森林干扰时空分布特征和变化趋势等。实验结果表明:基于双季节数据的VCT算法可有效提取森林干扰信息,干扰提取的总体精度达到81.33%,较传统的VCT方法提高了4.44%;研究区1989-2019年干扰面积总体呈上升趋势,干扰主要体现在城镇扩张、农业开垦和交通网建设3方面。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性,可应用于我国南方森林干扰提取研究。
超深巨厚油藏顶部注烃气提高采收率调控机制

以超深巨厚D油藏顶部注烃气开发为背景,针对注入气气源不稳定、甲烷物质的量分数增加的现场情况,开展细管实验和长岩心驱替实验,研究多种烃气/地层油混相能力、驱替特征及产出流体组分变化规律。根据5种不同组成注入气/地层油的混相能力实验,得到最小混相压力与注入气中甲烷物质的量分数的对数计算关系式。通过长岩心驱替实验中产出端多次取样,分析不同驱替阶段的产出流体组分变化规律。结果表明:D油藏目前注入气与地层油的最低混相压力为38.9 MPa,在目前地层压力42 MPa下可以实现混相驱,且最终驱油效率达81.35%;注入烃气中甲烷物质的量分数小于92.38%时能确保D油藏实现烃气混相驱;注入气突破后产出流体中轻质组分物质的量分数增加,重质组分物质的量分数降低。
页岩气压裂条件下断层滑移及其影响因素

威远-长宁页岩气示范区部分区块套管变形率超过40%,而水力压裂诱发断层滑移是导致套管变形的主要因素之一。明确水力裂缝诱导下断层的激活机制及滑移量,对页岩气压裂过程中预防套管变形具有重要意义,而目前尚缺乏水力压裂下断层滑移量的理论模型。基于此,根据断裂力学理论,分析水力裂缝激活断层产生滑移的作用机制,建立水力压裂下断层滑移量计算模型。应用该模型对威远页岩气水平井威202X井进行实例计算,对断层滑移量影响因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明:断层激活点处的位移量可达46 mm,与现场实测套管变形数据吻合,验证了该模型的有效性;裂缝内的流体净压力越大,断层滑移量越大;裂缝长度越大,断层滑移量越大;控制压裂泵压和裂缝长度可以有效降低断层滑移量,避免套管严重变形;同时,高水平地应力差异系数、高弹性模量地层的断层滑移更严重;加入可压缩变形材料(陶瓷、玻璃球等)的水泥环能够为大部分断层提供适量滑移空间。
油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换部位预测方法

为了研究含油气盆地油气分布规律,在油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换条件及部位研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂分布区和源岩排烃分布区来确定凹陷区断裂输导油气分布区,通过确定连通砂体分布区和砂体输导油气优势路径分布区来确定斜坡区砂体输导油气分布区,二者叠合建立一套油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换部位的预测方法,并将其应用于海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷苏德尔特地区南一段上部油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换部位的预测。结果表明:苏德尔特地区南一段油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换部位主要分布在中部地区,其南部和中部为线状接触转换部位,有利于油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换,易在斜坡区形成大规模油气聚集;北部为带状未接触转换部位,不利于油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换,不宜在斜坡区形成大规模油气聚集,与目前苏德尔特地区斜坡区南一段上部已发现油气分布相吻合,表明该方法用于预测油气由凹陷区断裂输导向斜坡区砂体输导转换部位是可行的。
真空镀膜法与传统汗潜手印显现方法联合应用研究

真空镀膜法是一种适用范围广,显现效果好的手印显现新方法,为进一步将该技术方法与传统方法有机结合,提高现场手印显出率,研究该方法与传统方法的联合应用及相互补足效果。方法:通过实验研究将真空镀膜法与传统方法联合应用对常见的渗透性客体、非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面汗潜手印进行显现,并比较显现效果。结果:真空镀膜法与粉末法、502法、茚三酮法等传统方法联合应用对手印的显现效果有较好的增强作用,特别是背景颜色复杂客体和反光客体表面手印的显现,真空镀膜法对传统方法的补足作用较为明显。结论:在一定条件下真空镀膜法可与传统方法联合应用,增强手印与背景的反差,增强手印显现效果。
不同污染时长土壤中石油烃的生物去除特性及影响因素

利用生物刺激法修复不同污染时长的土壤,比较了向新污染(污染7 d)和陈旧性污染(污染5 a以上)土壤中加入有机肥、有机肥+KNO3复合物(C∶N=100∶10)、脱硫石膏等处理剂对土壤中石油烃的去除效果。结果表明:对于新污染黄绵土,向土壤中加入有机肥、有机肥+KNO3对土壤中石油烃去除效果较好,修复150 d时土壤中石油烃去除率分别为60.13%、56.09%;对于陈旧性污染土壤,施入有机肥+KNO3、脱硫石膏对石油烃去除效果较好,修复150 d时土壤中石油烃的去除率分别为36.62%、36.61%;生物刺激对新污染土壤中石油烃的去除效率高于陈旧性污染土壤。两种不同污染时长土壤中的石油烃生物降解均符合伪一级动力学。生物刺激修复使土壤的pH值由8.50~8.56降低至7.35~7.91。新污染土壤中石油烃的降解率与pH值呈显著负相关(相关系数为-0.789),与微生物数量呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.849);陈旧性污染土壤中石油烃降解率与土壤pH值呈显著负相关(相关系数为-0.683)。研究表明,土壤受到石油污染后立即进行生物刺激修复有利于土壤中石油烃的去除,影响不同污染时长土壤中石油烃生物降解的关键因素并不相同。