mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Zoning assessment of water environmental supporting capacity for socioeconomic development in the Huaihe River Basin, China

There have been substantial conflicts in the human–water relationship in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB). To achieve sustainable economic development without degrading the water environment in the HRB, we develop a three-dimensional water environmental supporting capacity (WESC) model based on water environmental carrying capacity (WECC), water environmental pressure (WEP), and water pollution prevention and control capacity (WPPC). Geographic information systems spatial analysis with the analytical hierarchy process method and dynamic weighted summation is applied. Several proposals for suitable locations for industry and environmental protection strategies for water were presented. The following results were obtained. (1) The spatial differences in WECC are substantial; areas with high-value WECC zones are mainly located along the main stream of the Huaihe River on the south side. WEP is generally high, with an overall low level of pollution prevention and control in the whole HRB. WPPC and WEP show high spatial overlapping due to the fact that areas with higher environmental pollution usually have high level of economic development, and thus have a strong capacity for pollution control. (2) Overall, WESC is moderate in the HRB. In particular, areas with a high WESC value only account for 56.24% of the HRB in 2010. Distinct differences in WESC also exist between areas located in the south compared with in the north of the basin, and areas alongside the downstream region compared with alongside the upstream and midstream regions. (3) Consequently, according to the guidance for industry zoning in the HRB, the areas in the south and alongside the downstream and sub-streams with a low WEP value and high WECC and WPPC, traditional industries should be developed based on strict environmental access and pollution emission standards. While for the areas along the midstream of the HRB and along the whole Yishusi River Basin, which have a high WEP value, industrial restructuring and technological upgrading are suggested. Action should be taken to limit development and protect the environment in the upstream region of the basin, which is a key source of drinking water, in the eastern route along the line of the South-to North Water Diversion Project, and in the ecologically fragile region alongside the basin. This will ensure good environmental functionality including subsistent provision of clean water, while at the same time satisfying the urgent need to adjust, transform, and upgrade the industrial structure.
Variations in electrical impedance and phase angle among seedlings of Pinus densata and parental species in Pinus tabuliformis habitat environment

Electrical impedance (EI) and phase angle (PHI) parameters in AC impedance spectroscopy are important electrical parameters in the study of medical pathology. However, little is known about their application in variation and genetic relationship studies of forest trees. In order to test whether impedance parameters could be used in genetic relationship analysis among conifer species, EI and PHI were measured in a seedling experiment test composed of Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus yunnanensis, and Pinus densata in a habitat of Pinus tabuliformis. The results showed that variations in both EI and PHI among species were significant in different electric frequencies, and the EI and PHI values measured in the two populations of P. densata were between the two parental species, P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis. These results show that these two impedance parameters could reflect the genetic relationship among pine species. This was the first time using the two AC impedance spectroscopy parameters to test the genetic relationship analysis between tree species, and would be a hopeful novel reference methodology for future studies in evolution and genetic variation of tree species.
Characterization of ploidy levels in Chrysanthemum L. by flow cytometry

Analyzing the ploidy levels of plants is important for identifying species, selecting parental lines, identifying the relationships between species, and determining evolutionary patterns. The genus Chrysanthemum is widely distributed throughout the world and exhibits different ploidy levels. We used flow cytometry to analyze the ploidy levels of nine species of ChrysanthemumL. collected fromdifferent regions and geographical locations in China. Three diploids from Henan and Wuhan provinces corresponded to Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium and two species of C. nankingense, while three tetraploids from various regions corresponded to C. indicum and two species of C. chanetii. Two hexaploids corresponding to C. vestitum were collected at Funiu mountain (Henan province), and C. zawadskii was collected at Huangshanmountain (Anhui province).Wefound thatOTTO extraction buffer was suitable for extracting nuclei from most species, apart fromC. zawadskii. Flowcytometry proved to be a simple, rapid, and highly accurate method for identifying ploidy levels in Chrysanthemum species.
Diversity, abundance, and structure of tree communities in the Uluguru forests in the Morogoro region, Tanzania

Uluguru forests are globally recognized as important biodiversity hotspots, but anthropogenic pressure threatens their value. This study examined species diversity, abundance, and structure of trees in the Uluguru forests. All trees of diameter at breast height (DBH) C 10 cm were inventoried in seven forests ranging from 3 to 995 ha in area. A total of 900 stems, 101 species and 34 families were inventoried. Fabaceae was the most speciose family. Ehretia amoena Klotzsch was the most abundant species with relative abundance of 9.22 %. The forests differed significantly in species richness (26-93 species ha~(-1)), tree density (85-390 stems ha~(-1)), basal area (3-24 m~2 ha~(-1)) and Shannon-Wiener diversity (2.50-4.02). Forest area was significantly and positively correlated with species richness (r=0.92) and species diversity (r=0.95). Tree density showed significant positive correlation with species richness (r=0.80) and basal area (r=0.85). Milawilila and Nemele forests had highest floristic similarity (0.55) followed by Kimboza and Kilengwe (0.54) while the rest had similarity coefficients of less than 0.50. Despite legislative protection, many forests remain at risk and therefore the possibility to conserve highly valuable tree species via enhanced protection or cultivation must be considered.
Li_2O_2 oxidation: the charging reaction in the aprotic Li-O_2 batteries

Aprotic Li-O_2 battery has attracted a great deal of interest because of its high theoretical energy density that is far beyond what the best Li-ion technologies can achieve. However, the present Li-O_2 batteries suffer from the low energy efficiency that is limited mainly by the high overpotentials required to re-oxidize Li_2O_2, the discharge product. Over the past few years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the Li_2O_2 oxidation reactions. Here, we summarize the results obtained from the fundamental study of the Li_2O_2 oxidation, including its morphology, reaction route, kinetics, the initial location upon oxidation and the charge transport within Li_2O_2. A better mechanistic understanding of the Li_2O_2 oxidation reaction will provide a solid foundation for the realization of practical Li-O_2 cells with a higher energy efficiency.
Lithium and sediment: the Martinique connection

Fractionation of the two stable isotopes of Li, the lightest metal in the cosmos, is very large in the earth system. Consequently, sedimentary systems and the hydrosphere have developed a variable and distinctive isotopic signature compared with the mantle, which appears very consistent in terms of Li isotopes. In short, most low-temperaturealtered materials take on an isotopically heavy character relative to the mantle; for example, seawater is currently ca. 2.6 % enriched in δ~7 Li compared with normal mantle rocks and mid-ocean ridge basalts. As a result of plate tectonics, materials with a surficial history cycle into the mantle, although this cycling is difficult to quantitatively constrain owing to the complexity of the processes involved and the limited windows into the mantle that we possess. Thus it has been a holy grail of sorts to use Li isotopic fractionation to place more unambiguous constraints on the cycling of surficial materials through the mantle.
Soil microbes alleviate allelopathy of invasive plants

Soil microbes are one of the most important determinants of allelopathic effects in the field. However,most studies testing the role of allelopathy in biological invasions did not consider the roles of soil microbes. Here we tested the hypothesis that soil microbes which can degrade allelochemicals may accumulate in soils over time by adaptation and therefore increase the degradation of allelochemicals and alleviate the allelopathic effects in biological invasions. As expected, soil microbes significantly decreased the allelopathic effects of leaf leachates of eight in the nine invasive plant species studied. In addition,Ageratina adenophora showed lower allelopathic effects in soil with long or intermediately invasion history than those in soil with short invasion history. The two main allelochemicals of the invader were degraded more rapidly with increasing invasion history in the soil. Correspondingly,biomass and activity of the soil microbes were higher in the soils with long invasion history than in that with short invasion history. Our results indicate that soil microbes may gradually adapt to the allelochemicals of Ageratina and alleviate its allelopathic effects and thus support the above hypothesis. It is necessary to consider the effects of soil microbes when testing the roles of allelopathy or the novel weapons hypothesis in biological invasions.
Enhancing power transfer capability through flexible AC transmission system devices: a review

Global demand for power has significantly increased, but power generation and transmission capacities have not increased proportionally with this demand. As a result, power consumers suffer from various problems, such as voltage and frequency instability and power quality issues. To overcome these problems, the capacity for available power transfer of a transmission network should be enhanced. Researchers worldwide have addressed this issue by using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. We have conducted a comprehensive review of how FACTS controllers are used to enhance the available transfer capability (ATC) and power transfer capability (PTC) of power system networks. This review includes a discussion of the classification of different FACTS devices according to different factors. The popularity and applications of these devices are discussed together with relevant statistics. The operating principles of six major FACTS devices and their application in increasing ATC and PTC are also presented. Finally, we evaluate the performance of FACTS devices in ATC and PTC improvement with respect to different control algorithms.
Simulation and animation model to boost mining efficiency and enviro-friendly in multi-pit operations

A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit operations. In any mine, a key objective is to have sufficient equipment for production and not to have excess to where it becomes counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining,environmental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be considered in the analysis. Simulation studies can be financially advantageous for both the optimization of existing mine operations and new development phases in a mine. This study is a new approach to use discrete-event system simulation for mine systems, in order to investigate and possibly reduce environmental impact considering mining haulage performance and production target. A hypothetical layout of a surface coal mine with two pit operations was used for the simulation and animation model. The simulation model includes the animation of the operation. Animation is helpful to enhance the benefit of a mine simulation model. GPSS/H~? and Proof Professional~? were the software used for the investigation.
Research and application of methods for effectiveness evaluation of mine cooling system

Regarding the complexity and inconsistency of results in existing evaluation methods of mine cooling system, this paper clarifies the advantages, disadvantages and application of various mine cooling systems through principle analysis, and divides all the cooling systems into air-cooling, ice-cooling and water-cooling according to the transportation of cold energy. On this basis, the paper proposes a simple and efficient evaluation method for mine cooling system. The first index of this method is the air temperature at point C which is 15 m away from the return wind corner at working face. A cooling system will be judged ineligible if the air temperature at point C is above 30 °C during operation, because in this case, the combustible gases in coal will sharply overflow, inducing gas incidents. Based on the preliminary judgment of the first index, another two evaluation indexes are proposed based on the cooling ability and dehumidification of an airflow volume of 1000 m~3/min at point C to evaluate the investment and operation cost of mine cooling system. This evaluation method has already been successfully applied in the cooling system design of Zhangshuanglou coal mine.
An integrated method to calculate the spatial distribution of overburden strata failure in longwall mines by coupling GIS and FLAC~(3D)

The spatial distribution of overburden strata failure is of significant importance to affect the safety of underground mining. Because the traditional methods cannot be applied in all coal mines due to geological conditions or mining structures, a method of coupling FLAC~(3D) with GIS was presented to calculate the spatial distribution of overburden strata failure in longwall coal mines. After building the spatio-temporal database from the calculation results of FLAC~(3D), the height of the mining-induced fractured zone in the overburden strata can be calculated by using the given height function. The results of case study show that the height of the fractured zone reached the maximum value at the face advance equal to about the panel width. The outcome of the work presented will be helpful in practice to improve safety in the production.
Experimental investigation on the energy evolution of dry and water-saturated red sandstones

In order to investigate the effect of water content on the energy evolution of red sandstone, the axial loading–unloading experiments on dry and water-saturated sandstone samples were conducted, and the distribution and evolution of elastic energy and dissipated energy within the rock were measured.The results show that the saturation process from dry to fully-saturated states reduces the strength, rigidity and brittleness of the rock by 30.2%, 25.5% and 16.7%, respectively. The water-saturated sample has larger irreversible deformation in the pre-peak stage and smaller stress drop in the post-peak stage.The saturation process decreases the accumulation energy limit by 38.9%, but increases the dissipated energy and residual elastic energy density, thus greatly reducing the magnitude and rate of energy release. The water-saturated sample has lower conversion efficiency to elastic energy by 3% in the prepeak region; moreover, the elastic energy ratio falls with a smaller range in the post-peak stage.Therefore, saturation process can greatly reduce the risk of dynamic disaster, and heterogeneous water content can lead to dynamic disaster possibly on the other hand.
An overview of the thermography-based experimental studies on roadway excavation in stratified rock masses at CUMTB

This paper presents an overview of experimental investigations conducted at China University of Mining and Technology Beijing(CUMTB) on roadway excavation using large-scale geomechanical model tests.The simulated sedimentary rocks are composed by alternating layers of sandstone, mudstone and coal seam inclined at varied angles with respect to the horizontal including 0°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. During the excavation, infrared thermography was employed to detect the thermal response of the surrounding rocks under excavation. The obtained raw thermograms were processed using denoising algorithm, data reduction procedure and Fourier analysis. The infrared temperature(IRT) characterizes the overall rock response; the processed thermal images represent the structural behavior, and the Fourier spectrum describes damage development in the frequency domain. Deeper understanding was achieved by the comparative analyses of excavation in differently inclined rock masses using the image features of IRTs, thermal images and Fourier spectra.
Study of risk acceptance criteria for dams

This paper discusses the methods of establishing risk criteria for dams and reviews the application of dam risk criteria for individuals and societies in different countries or districts.Given the conditions in China and considering the public safety and acceptance of dam risk,historical dam break data and current design standards,individual and societal risk criteria for dams are proposed.The tolerable dam risk criteria for individuals should be set to 10~(-5)-10~(-7) per annum based on project scale,for example,approximately 1.0×10~(-7) per annum,which corresponds to a reliability index of 4.2 based on a 100-year lifespan for a first-class or large project.The societal limit for risk tolerance for dams should be set to approximately 10~(-3)-10~(-5) per annum,corresponding to the fatality range from 1 to 100 and be horizontally extended to 1000,and F-N curves are proposed.It was also found that the reliability indices of Chinese Standard(GB 50199-2013)and Eurocode1(2002)are different,but they have the same level of safety measured by the annual probability of failure.The research results have significance for establishing dam risk criteria.
Synthesis and characterization of Li Fe(PO_4)_(3-x/3)Br_x/C as a cathode material for lithium-ion battery

The olivine-typed cathode material of Li Fe PO_4 was prepared via sol-gel method,and the bromine was doped into Li Fe PO_4.The crystal structure,morphology,and electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and charge-discharge cycle measurements.The results showed that the electrochemical performance of Li Fe PO_4 had been improved by bromine doping,and the best doping amount of bromine is 2%.The discharge capacity of this sample can reach 152 m Ah/g at 0.2 C.
Effect of vegetation type, wetting intensity, and nitrogen supply on external carbon stimulated heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass carbon in forest soils

By using packed soil-core incubation experiments, we have studied stimulating effects of addition of external carbon (C) (glucose, 6.4 g C m~(-2)) on heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass C of a mature broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest(BKPF) and an adjacent white birch forest (WBF) soil under different wetting intensities (55% and 80% WFPS, water-filled pore space) and nitrogen (N) supply (NH_4Cl and KNO_3, 4.5 g N m~(-2)) conditions. The results showed that for the control, the cumulative carbon dioxide (CO_2) flux from WBF soil during the 15-day incubation ranged from 5.44 to 5.82 g CO_2-C m~(-2), which was significantly larger than that from BKPF soil (2.86 to 3.36 g CO_2-C m~(-2)). With increasing wetting intensity, the cumulative CO_2 flux from the control was decreased for the WBF soil, whereas an increase in the CO_2 flux was observed in the BKPF soil (P < 0.05). The addition of NH_4Cl or KNO_3 alone significantly reduced the cumulative CO_2 fluxes by 9.2%–21.6 % from the two soils, especially from WBF soil at low wetting intensity. The addition of glucose alone significantly increased soil heterotrophic respiration, microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial metabolic quotient. The glucose-induced cumulative CO_2 fluxes and soil MBC during the incubation ranged from 8.7 to 11.7 g CO_2-C m~(-2) and from 7.4 to 23.9 g C m~(-2), which are larger than the dose of added C. Hence, the addition of external carbon can increase the decomposition of soil native organic C. The glucose-induced average and maximum rates of CO_2 fluxes during the incubation were significantly influenced by wetting intensity (WI) and vegetation type (VT), and by WI×VT, NH_4Cl×VT and WI×VT×NH_4Cl (P<0.05). The addition of NH_4Cl, instead of KNO_3, significantly decreased the glucose-induced MBC of WBF soil (P<0.05), whereas adding NH_4Cl and KNO_3 both significantly increased the glucose-induced MBC of BKPF soil at high moisture (P<0.05). According to the differences in soil labile C pools, MBC and CO_2 fluxes in the presence and absence of glucose, it can be concluded that the stimulating effects of glucose on soil heterotrophic respiration and MBC under temperate forests were dependent on vegetation type, soil moisture, and amount and type of the N added.
Sediment storage and morphology of the Yalu Tsangpo valley due to uneven uplift of the Himalaya

The fluvial process of the Yalu Tsangpo River occurs concurrently with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the river exhibits unique features in morphology and sediment deposition. Field investigations were performed from 2009–2011 and the depth of the interface between the sediment deposits and bed rock was detected with an electromagnetic imaging system(EH4) at 29 cross sections. Sediment deposits were sampled along the Yalu Tsangpo valley from Xietongmen to the Yalu Tsangpo Canyon. The results show that a huge amount of sediment has been deposited in four wide valley sections because the uplift rate in these sections was lower than that in the downstream gorge sections over the past million years. About 518 billion m3 of gravel and sand have been stored in the high mountain river valleys, which has changed the V-shaped mountain river valley into a U-shaped wide river valley in the four sections. In the sections with high uplift rates the river bed is incised and has formed gorges and the Yalu Tsangpo Canyon.
Feature of thermohaline circulation in two-layer conceptual model based on energy constraint

The assertion that the thermohaline circulation (THC) is driven and sustained by mechanical energy has been increasingly accepted. The simplest conceptual model describing the THC is the Stommel two-box model. Given the vertical stratification in the real ocean, layered models were designed and used. In this research, using a two-layer conceptual model based on energy constraint, we studied basic features of thermal-mode and saline-mode circulations. We focused on the effects of freshwater flux and mixing energy on the intensity and multiple equilibrium states of the THC. The results show that more important than affecting the THC intensity, both the decrease of freshwater flux and increase of mixing energy can lead to an “abrupt transition” in the THC from a stable saline to a stable thermal mode, which further develops the THC energy theory.