mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Robust design of static synchronous series compensator-based stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations using quadratic mathematical programming

This paper presents a procedure for designing a supplementary damping stabilizer for a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) in multi-machine power systems. The objective is to shift the lightly damped inter-area modes toward the prescribed stability region. A lead-lag stabilizer is used to demonstrate this technique, in which a particular measure of stabilizer gain is considered as an objective function. Constraints of the problem for phase-lead and lag structures are derived. The objective function with the constraints is formed as a quadratic mathematical programming problem. For robust design, the parameters of the stabilizer are calculated under various operating conditions. Two types of SSSC-based stabilizer have been presented and designed. Numerical results including eigenvalue analysis and the nonlinear simulations on the 4- and 50-machine power systems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A relative feasibility degree based approach for constrained optimization problems

Based on the ratio of the size of the feasible region of constraints to the size of the feasible region of a constrained optimization problem, we propose a new constraint handling approach to improve the efficiency of heuristic search methods in solving the constrained optimization problems. In the traditional classification of a solution candidate, it is either a feasible or an infeasible solution. To refine this classification, a new concept about the relative feasibility degree of a solution candidate is proposed to represent the amount by which the 'feasibility' of the solution candidate exceeds that of another candidate. Relative feasibility degree based selection rules are also proposed to enable evolutionary computation techniques to accelerate the search process of reaching a feasible region. In addition, a relative feasibility degree based differential evolution algorithm is derived to solve constraint optimization problems. The proposed approach is tested with nine benchmark problems. Results indicate that our approach is very competitive compared with four existing state-of-the-art techniques, though still sensitive to the intervals of control parameters of the differential evolution.
Molecular studies resolve Nyholmiella (Orthotrichaceae) as a separate genus

Two Orthotrichum species of the subgenus Orthophyllum were compared with other representatives of this genus using internally transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, the chloroplast trnH–psbA region, and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and intron–exon splice conjunction (ISJ) markers. The ISSR and ISJ markers used revealed many bands and mutations specific only to O. gymnostomum and O. obtusifolium. Phylogenetic analysis clearly supported previous concepts postulating that species of the subgenus Orthophyllum should be recognized as the separate genus Nyholmiella.
Primary identifications and palynological observations of Perilla in China

Unresolved controversies concerning the classification of the monotypic genus Perilla L. have hindered the complete understanding and subsequent sustainable use of these vital food, oil, and medicinal plants to their full potential. In the present study, we used scanning electron microscopy to obtain palynological evidence from 21 samples of Perilla plants from seven provinces in China as a potential further attribute for classification. The findings showed that pollen grains from plants of 11 samples were oblate, whereas those of the other 10 were suboblate; there were no prolate pollen grains observed. Pollen grains from all samples had diverse exine ornamentations. Based on whether they had continuous tecta on the ornamentations, the pollen grains from the 21 samples were classified into two categories: (i) 14 with irregular reticulates; and (ii) seven with continuous tecta with no perforations. None of the samples was bireticulate. The ornamentation pattern and size of pollen grains jointly provided evidence that it is appropriate for use in classifying the genus Perilla into five varieties of one species. Furthermore, by comparison, it is concluded that the shapes and exine ornamentations of Perilla are unique among those of the seven genera already investigated in the subfamily Lamioideae. Using these pollen features, Perilla can be easily distinguished from the two other subtribes (Menthinae Briq. and Thyminae Briq.) in the same tribe, supporting the view that Perilla and the other four related genera can be classified into one subtribe (Perillinae).
Functional evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) of morphological novelties in plants

The origin of morphological and ecological novelties is a long-standing problem in evolutionary biology. Understanding these processes requires investigation from both the development and evolution standpoints, which promotes a new research field called “evolutionary developmental biology” (evo-devo). The fundamental mechanism for the origin of a novel structure may involve heterotopy, heterochrony, ectopic expression, or loss of an existing regulatory factor. Accordingly, the morphological and ecological traits controlled by the regulatory genes may be gained, lost, or regained during evolution. Floral morphological novelties, for example, include homeotic alterations (related to organ identity), symmetric diversity, and changes in the size and morphology of the floral organs. These gains and losses can potentially arise through modification of the existing regulatory networks. Here, we review current knowledge concerning the origin of novel floral structures, such as “evolutionary homeotic mutated flowers”, floral symmetry in various plant species, and inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) within Solanaceae. Functional evo-devo of the morphological novelties is a central theme of plant evolutionary biology. In addition, the discussion is extended to consider agronomic or domestication-related traits, including the type, size, and morphology of fruits (berries), within Solanaceae.
Isolation of Purified and Live Foxp3~+ Regulatory T Cells using FACS Sorting on Scatter Plot

There are no ideal ways to identify and isolate viable and purified Foxp31 regulatory T cells so far. Here we developed a novel procedure for the isolation of highly purified Foxp31 cells using flow cytometry. This method relies on an identification and sorting of the lymphoblast cell population identified on a scatter plot using flow cytometry. We confirmed that greater than 98% of the cells sorted using this technique expressed Foxp3 and displayed a potent suppressive activity. This method provides a valuable tool for the study of the T regulatory cell biology and their therapeutic manipulation.
Electronic band transformation from indirect gap to direct gap in Si—H compound

The electronic band structures of periodic models for Si—H compounds are investigated by the density functional theory. Our results show that the Si—H compound changes from indirect-gap semiconductor to direct-gap semiconductor with the increase of H content. The density of states, the partial density of states and the atomic charge population are examined in detail to explore the origin of this phenomenon. It is found that the Si—Si bonds are affected by H atoms, which results in the electronic band transformation from indirect gap to direct gap. This is confirmed by the nearest neighbour semi-empirical tight-binding (TB) theory.
Electronic structure and optical properties of rutile RuO2 from first principles

The systematic trends of electrionic structure and optical properties of rutile (P42/mnm) RuO_2 have been calculated by using the plane-wave norm-conserving pseudopotential density functional theory (DFT) method within the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange—correlation potential. The obtained equilibrium structure parameters are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The calculated bulk modulus and elastic constants are also in good agreement with the experimental data and available theoretical calculations. Analysis based on electronic structure and pseudogap reveals that the bonding nature in RuO_2 is a combination of covalent, ionic and metallic bonds. Based on a Kramers—Kronig analysis of the reflectivity, we have obtained the spectral dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant (ε1 and ε2 , respectively) and the refractive index (n); and comparisons have shown that the theoretical results agree well with the experimental data as well. Meanwhile, we have also calculated the absorption coefficient, reflectivity index, electron energy loss function of RuO_2 for radiation up to 30 eV. As a result, the predicted reflectivity index is in good agreement with the experimental data at low energies.
A novel method for sacrificial layer release in MEMS devices fabrication

During the forming process of the free-standing structure or the functional cavity when releasing the high aspect ratio sacrificial layer, such structures tend to stick to the substrate due to capillary force. This paper describes the application of pull-in length conception as design rules to a novel `dimpled' method in releasing sacrificial layer. Based on the conception of pull-in length in adhering phenomenon, the fabrication and releasing sacrificial layer methods using micro bumps based on the silicon substrate were presented. According to the thermal isolation performances of one kind of micro electromechanical system device thermal shear stress sensor, the sacrificial layers were validated to be successfully released.
AC operation and runaway electron behaviour in HT-7 tokamak

Operation of HT-7 tokamak in a multicycle alternating square wave plasma current regime is reported. A set of AC operation experiments, including LHW heating to enhance plasma ionization during the current transition and current sustainment, is described. The behaviour of runaway electrons is analysed by four HXR detectors tangentially viewing the plasma in the equatorial plane, within energy ranges 0.3--1.2~MeV and 0.3--7~MeV, separately. High energy runaway electrons (～MeV) are found to circulate predominantly in the opposite direction to the plasma current, while the number of low energy runaway electrons (～tens to hundreds of keV) circulating along the plasma current is comparable to that in the direction opposite to the plasma current. AC operation with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) is observed to have an additional benefit of suppressing the runaway electrons if the drop of the loop voltage is large enough.
The breaking point between fast- and slow-light in adegenerate two-level atomic system

This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the strength of the pumping field. An equivalent incoherent pumping rate is introduced in this simplified theoretical model which exploits the dependence of this feature. The experimental observation is presented as evidence of the breaking point where the injected power is about 0.08 mW.
Investigation of isotope effects of dynamic properties for H(D)+OF reactions by the quasi-classical trajectory method

Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are employed to study the dynamic properties for H(D)+OF reactions on the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) of the 1~(3)A" triplet state. Obvious differences between the reaction probabilities for J = 0, integral cross sections for J ≠ 0, branch ratios of the product and internuclear distances as well as product rotational alignments between the title reactions are found. These differences are attributed mainly to the different reduced masses of the reactants and the different zero-point energies (ZPEs) of the transition state.
Fabrication of a 256-bits organic memory by soft x-ray lithography

This paper reports a procedure of soft x-ray lithography for the fabrication of organic crossbar structure. Electron beam lithography is employed to fabricate the mask for soft x-ray lithography, with direct writing technology to lithograph positive resist, polymethyl methacrylate on the polyimide film. Then Au is electroplated on the polyimide film. Hard contact mode exposure is used in x-ray lithography to transfer the graph from the mask to the wafer. The 256-bits organic memory is achieved with the critical dimension of 250 nm.
Radiation effects on MOS and bipolar devices by 8MeV protons, 60MeV Brions and 1MeV electrons

The radiation effects of the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) and the bipolar devices are characterised using 8~MeV protons, 60~MeV Br ions and 1~MeV electrons. Key parameters are measured in-situ and compared for the devices. The ionising and nonionising energy losses of incident particles are calculated using the Geant4 and the stopping and range of ions in matter code. The results of the experiment and energy loss calculation for different particles show that different incident particles may give different contribution to MOS and bipolar devices. The irradiation particles, which cause larger displacement dose within the same chip depth of bipolar devices at a given total dose, would generate more severe damage to the voltage parameters of the bipolar devices. On the contrary, the irradiation particles, which cause larger ionising damage in the gate oxide, would generate more severe damage to MOS devices. In this investigation, we attempt to analyse the sensitivity to radiation damage of the different parameter of the MOS and bipolar devices by comparing the irradiation experimental data and the calculated results using Geant4 and SRIM code.
Single output LD end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with semiconductor saturable absorber mirror

A quarter-wave plate and the thin film polarizer (TFP) are used for the LD end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser with semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) to obtain a single beam output with a total power of 4.8~W. An optical--optical efficiency is achieved to be 24% for a stable CW mode-locking operation at 1064~nm, with a pulse repetition rate of 70~MHz and pulse width of 16~ps. The multipulse in the pulse sequence is eliminated for reaching a peak power as high as 4~kW.
A study of optical properties of a four-level atomic system via vacuum-induced coherence effects

This paper studies the effects of vacuum-induced coherence (VIC) in a four-level atomic system. The effects of VIC lead to the coherent hole burnings exhibited in the system at some certain points of the Rabi frequency. This is also the reason for the enhancement of the coherent population trapping. In addition, optical bistability occurs in the evolution curves of absorption versus the phase of Rabi frequencies.
A novel chaotic stream cipher and its application to palmprint template protection

Based on a coupled nonlinear dynamic filter (NDF), a novel chaotic stream cipher is presented in this paper and employed to protect palmprint templates. The chaotic pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG) based on a coupled NDF, which is constructed in an inverse flow, can generate multiple bits at one iteration and satisfy the security requirement of cipher design. Then, the stream cipher is employed to generate cancelable competitive code palmprint biometrics for template protection. The proposed cancelable palmprint authentication system depends on two factors: the palmprint biometric and the password/token. Therefore, the system provides high-confidence and also protects the user's privacy. The experimental results of verification on the Hong Kong PolyU Palmprint Database show that the proposed approach has a large template re-issuance ability and the equal error rate can achieve 0.02%. The performance of the palmprint template protection scheme proves the good practicability and security of the proposed s tream cipher.
Generalized projective synchronization of chaotic systems viaadaptive learning control

In this paper, a learning control approach is applied to the generalized projective synchronisation (GPS) of different chaotic systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters. Using the Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional stability theory, a differential-difference mixed parametric learning law and an adaptive learning control law are constructed to make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronised. The scheme is successfully applied to the generalized projective synchronisation between the Lorenz system and Chen system. Moreover, numerical simulations results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Comments on `Enhanced piezoresistivity in Ni-silicone rubber composites'

This paper describes the accepted meaning of the term `negative resistance' and its use in the literature, and discusses the features in the previously published data on QTCTM (market name of a metal-polymer composite) that show that the non-linear, hysteretic current voltage characteristics are not caused by Joule heating. The benefit of the high metal filler loading in QTCTM and other unique features of this composite are reviewed.
Entropy squeezing of an atom with a k-photon in the Jaynes Cummings model

The entropy squeezing of an atom with a k-photon in the Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated. For comparison, we also study the corresponding variance squeezing and atomic inversion. Analytical results show that entropy squeezing is preferable to variance squeezing for zero atomic inversion. Moreover, for initial conditions of the system the relation between squeezing and photon transition number is also discussed. This provides a theoretical approach to finding out the optimal entropy squeezing.
Dynamic analysis of holographic gratings in a multi-wavelength visible light sensitive photopolymer

A dynamic theoretical model of photochemistry and hologram formation in holographic photopolymer is established, and the dynamic development process of holographic gratings in the photopolymer is discussed with the model. A novel multi-wavelength visible light sensitive photopolymer for holographic storage is prepared. The influence of exposure wavelength on holographic storage characteristics is analysed. By fitting the experimental data of transmittance and diffraction efficiency to a function of time with different exposure intensities and wavelengths, the variations of dynamic parameters of photochemistry and photopolymerization diffusion are presented.
Pulsed ion beam-assisted carburizing of titanium in methane discharge_

The carburizing of titanium (Ti) is accomplished by utilizing energetic ion pulses of a 1.5 kJ Mather type dense plasma focus (DPF) device operated in methane discharge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the deposition of polycrystalline titanium carbide (TiC). The samples carburized at lower axial and angular positions show an improved texture for a typical (200)TiC plane. The Williamson–Hall method is employed to estimate average crystallite size and microstrains in the carburized Ti surface. Crystallite size is found to vary from～50 to 100 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. Microstrains vary with the sample position and hence ion flux, and are converted from tensile to compressive by increasing the flux. The carburizing of Ti is confirmed by two major doublets extending from 300 to 390 cm~(-1) and from 560 to 620 cm~(-1) corresponding to acoustic and optical active modes in Raman spectra, respectively. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) have provided qualitative and quantitative profiles of the carburized surface. The Vickers microhardness of Ti is significantly improved after carburizing.
Dynamics of vector solitons in two-component Bose Einstein condensates with time-dependent interactions and harmonic potential_

We present two kinds of exact vector-soliton solutions for coupled nonlinear Schródinger equations with timevarying interactions and time-varying harmonic potential. Using the variational approach, we investigate the dynamics of the vector solitons. It is found that the two bright solitons oscillate about slightly and pass through each other around the equilibration state which means that they are stable under our model. At the same time, we obtain the opposite situation for dark-dark solitons.
Identification of Rice Al-responsive Genes by Semi-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction using Sulfite Reductase as a Novel Endogenous Control

Based on the evidence that Al resistance is an inducible process and rice is an Al-resistant crop, identification of Al-responsive genes from rice may help to further clone Al-resistant genes in plants. Semi-quantitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely applied in gene transcriptional analyses, particularly for those genes with low transcript abundance. Normalization with proper endogenous control (EC) genes is critical for these two approaches in terms of reliability and precision. We first noticed that the expression of several commonly-used EC genes was depressed under Al stress, while sulfite reductase gene (SR) was stable throughout the Al treatment. The reliability of SR as an EC gene was further tested by analyzing the expression of a number of genes in response to Al challenge. Except for the consistent results obtained for the four previously-identified genes, nine additional genes were newly defined as Al-responsive in this study. Collectively, our results suggest that SR can be used as a novel EC gene for semi-quantitative and real-time PCR analysis of Al responsive genes, and that activated transport of silicon and stimulated metabolism of carotenoid and terpenoid could be involved in Al resistance in rice plants.
A Novel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene in Maize (Zea mays), ZmMPK3, is Involved in Response to Diverse Environmental Cues

In search for components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in maize (Zea mays) involved in response to abscisic acid (ABA) stimulus, a novel MAPK gene, ZmMPK3, from ABA-treated maize leaves cDNA was isolated and characterized. The full length of the ZmMPK3 gene is 1 520 bp and encodes a 376 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 43.5 kD and a pl of 5.83. ZmMPK3 contains all 11 MAPK conserved subdomains and the phosphorylation motif TEY. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that ZmMPK3 shared high identity with group-A MAPK in plants. A time course (30-360 min) experiment using a variety of signal molecules and stresses revealed that the transcripts level of ZmMPK3 accumulated markedly and rapidly when maize seedlings were subjected to exogenous signaling molecules: ABA, H202, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, various abiotic stimuli such as cold, drought, ultraviolet light, salinity, heavy metal and mechanical wounding. Its transcription was also found to be tissue-specific regulated. Here, we show that ABA and H_2O_2 induced a significant increase in the ZmMPK3 activity using immunoprecipitation and in-gel kinase assay. Furthermore, the results showed that the ZmMPK3 protein is localized mainly to the nucleus. These results suggest that the ZmMPK3 may play an important role in response to environmental stresses.