mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Circulation Patterns in Association with Two Types of Daily Precipitation Extremes over Southeastern China during Boreal Summer

Based on the daily rainfall data from China Meteorological Administration, the tropical cyclone (TC) best track data from Japan Meteorological Agency, and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data from NOAA, regional mean daily precipitation extreme (RDPE) events over southeastern China (specifically, the Fujian–Jiangxi region (FJR)) and the associated circulation anomalies are investigated. For the summers of 1979–2011, a total of 105 RDPE events are identified, among which 35 are TC-influenced (TCIn-RDPE) and 70 are TC-free events (TCFr-RDPE). Distinct differences between these two types of RDPEs are found in both their statistical features and the related circulation patterns. TCFr-RDPEs usually occur in June, while TCIn-RDPEs mainly take place during July–August. When TCFr-RDPEs happen, a center of the anomalous cyclonic circulation is observed over the FJR, with an anomalous anticyclonic circulation to the south of this region. The warm/moist air flows from the South China Sea (SCS) and western Pacific meet with colder air from the north, forming a narrow convergent belt of water vapor over the FJR. Simultaneously, positive diabatic forcing anomalies are observed over the FJR, whereas negative anomalies appear over both its south and north sides, facilitating the formation and maintenance of the cyclonic circulation anomaly, as well as the upward motion of the atmosphere, over the FJR. When TCIn-RDPEs occur, southeastern China is dominated by a TC-related stronger anomalous cyclonic circulation. An anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the mid and high latitudes north of the FJR exists in the mid and upper troposphere, opposite to the situation during TCFr-RDPE events. Abundant warm/wet air is carried into the FJR from both the Indian Ocean and the SCS, leading to a large amount of latent heat release over the FJR and inducing strong ascending motion there. Furthermore, large differences are also found in the manifestation of Rossby wave energy propagation between these two types of RDPE events. The results of this study are helpful to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind these two types of RDPE events.
强雷暴中正地闪发生的条件

为了进一步认识强雷暴中正地闪偏多的原因, 本文利用三维雷暴云动力-电耦合数值模式, 通过模拟一次强雷暴过程, 讨论了正地闪频发需要的条件. 结果表明, 云闪的发生需要较强的上升气流, 而正地闪的发生不仅需要更强的上升气流, 还需要云低层存在强的下沉气流, 即正地闪发生在强雷暴云成熟阶段后期, 对应固态降水强度最大时段. 此时, 云内主上升气流区内的各电荷区被强上升气流抬升, 短暂地呈现反三极性结构, 非感应起电机制作用使大量的霰粒子带正电荷, 形成了中部电荷密度较大、范围较深厚的正电荷区. 而下沉气流区比上升气流区电荷结构更复杂, 呈正、负交替的多层结构. 由于雷暴云上部负电荷区中部分带负电荷的霰和雹粒子被下沉气流输送到低层, 及低层区域感应起电机制的共同作用, 使上升气流区外围的对流降水区中的霰和雹粒带上负电荷, 在近地面形成一个较强的、范围较大的负电荷区. 强雷暴云中下部存在的这个偶极性电荷结构为正地闪的发生提供了有利条件. 正地闪发生阶段对应着上升气流、雹粒子体积和总闪的快速增强阶段. 因此, 强雷暴中正地闪的发生可作为雷暴强度及冰雹形成的一个指示因子.
复旦大学生命科学学院专辑简介

复旦大学生命科学学院的前身是成立于1926年的复旦大学生物系. 历史上多位著名生物学家在此工作,包括郭任远、钱崇澍、秉志、吴定良、李汝祺、蔡翘、伍献文、童第周、薛芬、卢于道、冯德培、谈家桢等.在多年的办学过程中, 为国家培养了近万名毕业生, 遍布全球, 人才辈出. 早期毕业的童第周、冯德培、陈世骧成为中国第一代学部委员. 1949年以后培养的学生中有14位成为两院院士, 越来越多的复旦生科学子奋斗在国内外相关领域, 成为栋梁之才, 为国家和社会作出了重要的贡献.
An Overview of Smart City in China

The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases (traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.
Hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and liver diseases: from pathogenesis to novel therapeutic strategies

Macrophages represent a major cell type of innate immunity and have emerged as a critical player and therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Hepatic macrophages consist of Kupffer cells, which are originated from the fetal yolk-sack, and infiltrated bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages. Hepatic macrophages play a central role in maintaining homeostasis of the liver and in the pathogenesis of liver injury, making them an attractive therapeutic target for liver diseases. However, the various populations of hepatic macrophages display different phenotypes and exert distinct functions. Thus, more research is required to better understand these cells to guide the development of macrophage-based therapeutic interventions. This review article will summarize the current knowledge on the origins and composition of hepatic macrophages, their functions in maintaining hepatic homeostasis, and their involvement in both promoting and resolving liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis. Finally, the current strategies being developed to target hepatic macrophages for the treatment of liver diseases will be reviewed.
Research Status and Prospect of Burkholderia glumae, the Pathogen Causing Bacterial Panicle Blight

Bacterial panicle blight caused by Burkholderia glumae is one of the most severe seed-borne bacterial diseases of rice in the world. Currently, this disease has affected many countries of Asia, Africa, South and North America. It is a typical example of the shifting from minor plant disease to major disease due to the changes of environmental conditions. Some virulent factors of B. glumae have been identified, including toxoflavins and lipases, whose productions are dependent on the TofI/TofR quorum-sensing system, and type III effectors. In spite of its economic significance, neither effective control measure for this disease nor resistant rice variety is currently available. In recent years, genomics, transcriptomics and other molecular methods have provided useful information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying B. glumae virulence and the rice defence mechanisms against pathogens. For the prevention of this pathogen, our laboratory has developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex PCR assay for detecting and distinguishing B. glumae from other Burkholderia species. This improved understanding of B. glumae will shed new light on bacterial panicle blight disease management.
Integration of Growing Milk Vetch in Winter and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Can Improve Rice Yield in Double-Rice Cropping System

To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice (MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice (FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2. MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle. In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation. Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading. Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers. These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development.
Carbocisteine attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in human alveolar epithelial cells in vitro through suppressing NF-kB and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways

Aim: We previously proven that carbocisteine, a conventional mucolytic drug, remarkably reduced the rate of acute exacerbations and improved the quality of life in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of carbocisteine in human alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL). Carbocisteine was administered either 24 h prior to or after TNF-α exposure. The cytokine release and expression were measured using ELISA and qRT-PCR. Activation of NF-kB was analyzed with Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay and luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of ERK1/2 MAPK signaling proteins was assessed with Western blotting. Results: Carbocisteine (10,100,1000 μmol/L), administered either before or after TNF-α exposure, dose-dependently suppressed TNF-a-induced inflammation in A549 cells, as evidenced by diminished release of IL-6 and IL-8, and diminished mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1 and MIP-1β. Furthermore, pretreatment with carbocisteine significantly decreased TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 and ERK1/2 MAPK, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit in A549 cells. In an NF-kB luciferase reporter system, pretreatment with carbocisteine dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced transcriptional activity of NF-kB. Conclusion: Carbocisteine effectively suppresses TNF-α-induced inflammation in A549 cells via suppressing NF-kB and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.
封闭式负压引流治疗皮肤大面积缺损伴感染1例

皮肤缺损是临床常见的急性损伤之一。污染较重,面积较大和部分复合组织缺损严重的患者无法Ⅰ期行皮瓣和植皮修复,可为Ⅱ期手术治疗创造条件。近日我科应用封闭式负压引流(vacuum-assisted closure, VAC)技术治疗1例皮肤大面积缺损伴重度软组织感染的患者,并配合有效的护理措施,取得良好的疗效,报道如下。
纳滤-超滤联用技术优化新生化口服液制备工艺

目的采用纳滤-超滤联用技术优化新生化口服液制备工艺。方法以羟基红花黄色素A、阿魏酸、甘草酸、盐酸水苏碱为指标,考察不同孔径纳滤膜( 150、450、800 Da)与超滤膜( 10、50 kDa)中各成分转移情况,并比较其含有量变化。结果相对于常压浓缩,截留分子量150 Da的纳滤膜浓缩后4种成分转移率提高4% ~ 30%; 50 kDa的超滤膜相对于醇沉处理,保留率提高10% ~ 16%。纳滤-超滤联用技术制备后,各成分含有量均明显提高。结论该技术可有效提高新生化口服液中有效成分的转移,与传统方法相比有着明显优势。
海参内脏功能成分的抗氧化活性

目的利用体外、体内不同评价模型研究海参内脏功能成分的抗氧化活性。方法采用体外DPPH、·OH 和·O_2~-清除模型、转基因斑马鱼整体动物模型评价海参内脏皂苷、多肽和多糖的抗氧化活性。结果海参内脏皂苷和多肽对DPPH 自由基有较好的清除效果,IC_(50)分别为( 0. 303 8 #0. 24) mg /mL 和( 0. 435 8 #0. 17) mg /mL; 海参内脏多糖对·OH 自由基显现出一定的抑制活性,质量浓度1. 0 mg /mL 时·OH 自由基清除率可达到27. 3%; 海参内脏多肽对·O_2~-自由基具有较好的清除作用,IC_(50)为( 1. 112 #0. 21) mg /mL。在斑马鱼体内抗氧化实验中,质量浓度50 μg /mL的海参内脏多肽和多糖相对抗氧化能力分别为60. 4%和70. 4%,与Vc 的效果相当。结论海参内脏功能成分显现出良好的体内外抗氧化能力,具有广阔的开发利用前景。
Editorial for rare metals, special issue on nanomaterials and rechargeable battery applications

Energy and environmental problems have raised great concerns in recent years. Increasing demand and consumption on energy cause many environmental problems. Therefore, the significance of renewable energy is increasing steadily. To date, except for conventional energy including fossil energy, hydroelectric power, and wind energy, scientists have developed several technologies to generate energy by converting chemical energy into electricity. The nanomaterials with controllable morphologies have played a very important role in the field of rechargeable lithium or sodium batteries. However, there still exist some obstacles to be overcome to make high-capacity rechargeable lithium/sodium batteries.
Reorganizing electronic structure of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 using polyanion (BO_3)~(3-): towards better electrochemical performances

Doping modification of electrode materials is a sought-after strategy to improve their electrochemical performance in the secondary batteries field. Herein, polyanion (BO_3)~(3-)-doped Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 cathode materials were successfully synthesized via a wet coordination method. The effects of (BO_3)~(3-) doping content on crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All the asprepared samples have the same monoclinic structure; among them, Li_3V_2(PO_4)_(2.75)(BO_3)_(0.15) sample has relatively uniform and optimized particle size. In addition, this sample has the highest discharge capacity and the best cycling stability, with an initial discharge capacity of 120.4 mAh·g~(-1), and after 30 cycles at a rate of 0.1C, the discharge capacity still remains 119.3 mAh·g~(-1). It is confirmed that moderate polyanion (BO_3)~(3-) doping can rearrange the electronic structure of the bulk Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3, lower the charge transfer resistance and further improve the electrochemical behaviors.
Double-activated porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

The double-activated porous carbons (DAPCs) with unique bimodal pore structure were prepared by activating commercial microporous carbon (CMCs) twice through KOH (double activation) at high temperature. The as-prepared DAPCs show larger surface area (833 m~2·g~(-1)), and the pores are composed of micropores (size of *1.8 nm) and mesopores (size of *4.5 nm). Such special hierarchical porous structures integrate the dual advantages of micropore and mesopore, having not only the high energy storage of the micropores but also the high-rate performance of the mesopores for supercapacitors (SCs). As a result, the optimized DAPCs-3-1 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 277 F·g~(-1) at 1 A·g~(-1), enhanced rate performance of 197 F·g~(-1) at a high current density of 10 A·g~(-1), and excellent cycling stability with 94.2% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles in the 1 mol·g~(-1) Na_2SO_4 electrolyte. The facile double activation could be a promising method to prepare suitable porous carbons with exceptional electrochemical properties for SCs.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of hot-deformed anisotropic Nd–Fe–B magnets prepared from amorphous precursors with different crystallization proportions

Anisotropic magnets were obtained by hot deformation with the partial crystallized precursor prepared via spark-plasma sintering (SPS). Amorphous powders with the nominal composition of Nd_(28.72)Fe_(bal)Co_(5.66) Ga_(0.59)B_(0.92) (wt%) were used as the starting material. The results show that the amorphous powders would suffer varying degrees of crystallization even below the crystallization point during the SPS process under high pressure. And the pre-crystallized grains in precursors have great impacts on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the hot-deformed magnets. The final obtained anisotropic magnets exhibit homogeneous microstructure consisting of well-aligned and platelet-shaped Nd_2Fe_(14)B grains without abnormal growth. It can be found that a reasonable proportion of pre-crystallized gains could promote the preferential orientation in the magnet, leading to the achievement of optimal magnetic properties among the magnets with identical composition and best magnetic performance is achieved in the magnet hot deformed from the 490 ℃ high-pressure hot-pressed precursor.
Achieving higher strength in Cu–Ag–Zr alloy by warm/hot rolling

High-strength Cu–3Ag–0.5Zr alloy plates were produced by multi-pass rolling in the temperature range of 500–800 ℃. An increase in strength was observed by rolling in the aforementioned range without significant loss in ductility. All the rolled samples show higher strength than solution-treated and aged samples. The maximum strength was observed for plates rolled at 500 ℃ with a yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 311 and 385 MPa, respectively, and retaining a ductility of 23 %. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed uniform distribution of fine silver precipitates and high dislocation density in the rolled samples. Nevertheless, the size of precipitates and dislocation density varied with the rolling temperature. The superior strength achieved in the rolled samples is attributed to grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, and precipitation hardening. This method can be employed to produce high-strength plates of precipitation hardenable copper alloys.
Recent progress in cobalt-based compounds as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Despite carbonaceous materials are widely employed as commercial negative electrodes for lithium ion battery, an urge requirement for new electrode materials that meet the needs of high energy density, long cycle life, low cost and safety is still underway. A number of cobalt-based compounds (Co(OH)_2, Co_3O_4, CoN, CoS, CoP, NiCo_2O_4, etc.) have been developed over the past years as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, rich redox reaction and adequate cyclability. The LIBs performances of the cobalt-based compounds have been significantly improved in recent years, and it is anticipated that these materials will become a tangible reality for practical applications in the near future. However, the different types of cobalt-based compounds will result in diverse electrochemical performance. This review briefly analyzes recent progress in this field, especially highlights the synthetic approaches and the prepared nanostructures of the diverse cobalt-based compounds and their corresponding performances in LIBs, including the storage capacity, rate capability, cycling stability and so on.
Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of powder metallurgical TiAl alloy

The hot deformation behavior of powder metallurgical (PM) TiAl alloys was investigated on Gleeble- 3500 thermomechanical simulator, at a temperature range of 1050–1200 ℃ with an interval of 50 ℃ and a strain rate range of 0.001–1.000 s~(-1). The results show that the flow stress of PM TiAl alloy is sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, the peak stress decreases with the increase in deformation temperature and decrease in strain rate, and dynamic recrystallization occurs during the hot compression. The deformation active energy was calculated and the flow stress model during high-temperature deformation was established based on the Arrhenius equations and Zener–Hollomon parameter. The deformed microstructure consists of refined homogeneous γ and α_2/γ grains.
Recent progress in Li–S and Li–Se batteries

Li–S and Li–Se batteries have attracted tremendous attention during the past several decades, as the energy density of Li–S and Li–Se batteries is high (several times higher than that of traditional Li-ion batteries). Besides, Li–S and Li–Se batteries are low cost and environmental benign. However, the commercial applications of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are hindered by the dissolution and shuttle phenomena of polysulfide (polyselenium), the low conductivity of S (Se), etc. To overcome these drawbacks, scientists have come up with various methods, such as optimizing the electrolyte, synthesizing composite electrode of S/polymer, S/carbon, S/metal organic framework (MOF) and constructing novelty structure of battery. In this review, we present a systematic introduction about the recent progress of Li–S and Li–Se batteries, especially in the area of electrode materials, both of cathode material and anode material for Li–S and Li–Se batteries. In addition, other methods to lead a high-performance Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also briefly summarized, such as constructing novelty battery structure, adopting proper charge– discharge conditions, heteroatom doping into sulfur molecules, using different kinds of electrolytes and binders. In the end of the review, the developed directions of Li–S and Li–Se batteries are also pointed out. We believe that combining proper porous carbon matrix and heteroatom doping may further improve the electrochemical performance of Li–S and Li–Se batteries. We also believe that Li–S and Li–Se batteries will get more exciting results and have promising future by the effort of battery community.
Hierarchical porous carbon derived from animal bone as matric to encapsulated selenium for high performance Li–Se battery

Animal bone was employed as raw material to prepare hierarchical porous carbon by KOH activation. Rare metal selenium (Se) was encapsulated into hierarchical porous carbon successfully for the cathode material of Li–Se battery, achieving the transformation of waste into energy, protecting environment and reducing the spread of the disease. Animal bone porous carbon (ABPC) acquires a specific surface area of 1244.7903 m~2·g~(-1) and a pore volume of 0.594184 cm~3·g~(-1). The composite Se/ABPC with 51 wt% Se was tested as a novel cathode for Li–Se batteries. The results show that Se/ABPC exhibits high specific capacity, good cycling stability and current-rate performance; at 0.1C, the composite Se/ABPC delivers a high reversible capacity of 705 mAh·g~(-1) in the second cycle and 591 mAh·g~(-1) after 98 cycles. Even at the current density of 2.0C, it can still maintain at a reversible capacity of 485 mAh·g~(-1). The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the high electron conductivity and the carbon with unique hierarchical porous structure.ABPC can be a promising carbon matrix for Li–Se batteries.
Pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide sandwich interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries

Herein, a facile strategy for the synthesis of sandwich pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose (PBC)/graphene oxide (GO) composite was reported simply by utilizing the large-scale regenerated biomass bacterial cellulose as precursor. The unique and delicate structure where three-dimensional interconnected bacterial cellulose (BC) network embedded in two-dimensional GO skeleton could not only work as an effective barrier to retard polysulfide diffusion during the charge/discharge process to enhance the cyclic stability of the Li–S battery, but also offer a continuous electron transport pathway for the improved rate capability. As a result, by utilizing pure sulfur as cathodes, the Li–S batteries assembled with PBC/GO interlayer can still exhibit a capacity of nearly 600 mAh·g~(-1) at 3C and only 0.055% capacity decay per cycle can be observed over 200 cycles. Additionally, the cost-efficient and environmentfriendly raw materials may enable the PBC/GO sandwich interlayer to be an advanced configuration for Li–S batteries.
Determination of the magnetic fields of Magellanic X-ray pulsars

The 80 high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) pulsars that are known to reside in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) have been observed by the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray telescopes on a regular basis for 15 years, and the XMM-Newton and Chandra archives contain nearly complete information about the duty cycles of the sources with spin periods P_S < 100 s. We have reprocessed the archival data from both observatories and we combined the output products with all the published observations of 31 MC pulsars with P_S < 100 s in an attempt to investigate the faintest X-ray emission states of these objects that occur when accretion to the polar caps proceeds at the smallest possible rates. These states determine the so-called propeller lines of the accreting pulsars and yield information about the magnitudes of their surface magnetic fields. We have found that the faintest states of the pulsars segregate into five discrete groups which obey to a high degree of accuracy the theoretical relation between spin period and X-ray luminosity. So the entire population of these pulsars can be described by just five propeller lines and the five corresponding magnetic moments (0.29,0.53,1.2,2.9 and 7.3, in units of 10~(30) G cm~3).