mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic changes in feeding and food preferences of the dog conch Laevistrombus canarium Linnaeus 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Merambong shoal, Malaysia

Laevistrombus canarium is one of the marine gastropod mollusks that have high commercial value, particularly in the aquaculture sector in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the feeding and food items of L. canarium at different ontogenetic stages (juveniles, sub-adults and adults) from Merambong shoals, Malaysia. Field observations on feeding activity were conducted, followed by detailed laboratory analysis on the stomach content. Five-minutes observations on randomly selected individuals were conducted at the field sampling site and their feeding activities were recorded with reference to age stage. Various shell sizes from each ontogenetic stage were randomly collected and quickly anaesthetized with ice and preserved in 10% formalin before being transported to the laboratory for stomach content analyses. Field observations showed that L. canarium mainly grazed on epiphytes occurring on seagrass (46.67%), followed by sediment surface (40%) and epiphytes occurring on macroalgae (13.33%). Stomach content analyses showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in gastro-somatic index (Gasi) between the juveniles (0.39±0.05), sub-adults (0.68±0.09) and adults (0.70±0.05) (P<0.05). Food items found in the conch stomach include diatoms, detritus, foraminifera, seagrass and macroalgae fragments, sand particles and shell fragments. The Index of Relative Importance (%IRI) indicates three main types of food dominated the three ontogenetic stages namely diatoms, sand particles and detritus. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) was detected between the three main food items (diatoms, sand particles and detritus) among the ontogenetic stages. Therefore, feeding activity revealed the role of the dog conch in the marine food network. While, classification of the types of food consumed by L. canarium through stomach content analysis determines the particular position of the gastropod in the food chain. Further studies are needed to provide a better insight between trophic relationships of L. canarium with marine ecosystem.
Effects of neutral salt and alkali on ion distributions in the roots, shoots, and leaves of two alfalfa cultivars with differing degrees of salt tolerance

The effects of neutral salt and alkali on the ion distribution were investigated in two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars, including Zhongmu 1, a high salt-tolerant cultivar, and Algonquin, a low salt-tolerant cultivar. The alkali stress expressed more serious growth inhibition than the neutral salt stress at the same Na~+ concentration. Compared with Algonquin, Zhongmu 1 did not exhibit a higher alkali tolerance under the Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3 treatment with the low Na~+ concentration (50 mmol L~(–1)). The alkali increased the accumulation of Na~+, Ca~(2+), and Mg~(2+) in the root and changed the Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) balance in the entire alfalfa plant. The salt and alkali stresses decreased the K~+ and Fe~(3+) contents of the roots and leaves, the root Mn~(2+) content, and the shoot Zn~(2+) content, but they increased the Fe~(3+) accumulation of the shoots, the shoot and leaf Cu~(2+) contents, and the leaf Zn~(2+) content in both alfalfa cultivars. Based on the results obtained under the conditions of this experiment, we found that the salt and alkali stresses reduced the plant growth in both alfalfa cultivars, while the alkali caused a stronger stress than the neutral salt in alfalfa. Thus, we conclude that under hydroponic conditions, the deleterious effects of the alkali on plants are due to the distribution change of some trophic ion balance in the roots, shoots, and leaves of the plants by causing of Na~+, CO_3~(2–), and/or HCO_3~– stresses.
Studies on composite solid propellant with tri-modal ammonium perchlorate containing an ultrafine fraction

Composite solid propellant is prepared using tri-modal Ammonium perchlorate (AP) containing coarse, fine and ultrafine fractions of AP with average particle size (APS) 340, 40 and 5 μm respectively, in various compositions and their rheological, mechanical and burn rate characteristics are evaluated. The optimum combination of AP coarse to fine to ultrafine weight fraction was obtained by testing of series of propellant samples by varying the AP fractions at fixed solid loading. The concentration of aluminium was maintained constant throughout the experiments for ballistics requirement. The propellant formulation prepared using AP with coarse to fine to ultrafine ratio of 67:24:9 has lowest viscosity for the propellant paste and highest tensile strength due to dense packing as supported by the literature. A minimum modulus value was also observed at 9 wt. % of ultrafine AP concentration indicates the maximum solids packing density at this ratio of AP fractions. The burn rate is evaluated at different pressures to obtain pressure exponent. Incorporation of ultrafine fraction of AP in propellant increased burn rate without adversely affecting the pressure exponent. Higher solid loading propellants are prepared by increased AP concentration from 67 to 71 wt. % using AP with coarse to fine to ultrafine ratio of 67:24:9. Higher solid content up to 89 wt. % was achieved and hence increased solid motor performance. The unloading viscosity showed a trend with increased AP content and the propellant couldn't able to cast beyond 71 wt. % of AP. Mechanical properties were also studied and from the experiments noticed that % elongation decreased with increased AP content from 67 to 71 wt.%, whereas tensile strength and modulus increased. Burn rate increased with increased AP content and observed that pressure exponent also increased and it is high for the propellant containing with 71 wt.% of AP due to increased oxidiser to fuel ratio. Catalysed composite solid propellant is prepared by using burn rate modifiers Copper chromite and Iron oxide. Addition of Copper chromite and Iron oxide has enhanced the burn rate of tri-modal AP based composite solid propellant. The catalytic propensity of copper chromite is higher than that of iron oxide. The pressure exponent increased with the catalyst concentration and the values obtained are compatible for solid rocket motor applications.
Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient, enzyme activity and heavy metal content

Excessive use of agro-chemicals (such as mineral fertilizers) poses potential risks to soil quality. Application of organic amendments and reduction of inorganic fertilizer are economically feasible and environmentally sound approaches to develop sustainable agriculture. This study investigated and evaluated the effects of mineral fertilizer reduction and partial substitution of organic amendment on soil fertility and heavy metal content in a 10-season continually planted vegetable field during 2009–2012. The experiment included four treatments: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF100), 80% chemical fertilizer (CF80), 60% chemical fertilizer and 20% organic fertilizer (CF60+OM20), and 40% chemical fertilizer and 40% organic fertilizer (CF40+OM40). Soil nutrients, enzyme activity and heavy metal content were determined. The results showed that single chemical fertilizer reduction (CF80) had no significant effect on soil organic matter content, soil catalase activity and soil heavy metal content, but slightly reduced soil available N, P, K, and soil urease activity, and significantly reduced soil acid phosphatase activity. Compared with CF100, 40 or 60% reduction of chemical fertilizer supplemented with organic fertilizer (CF60+OM20, CF40+OM40) significantly increased soil organic matter, soil catalase activity and urease activity especially in last several seasons, but reduced soil available P, K, and soil acid phosphatase activity. In addition, continuous application of organic fertilizer resulted in higher accumulation of Zn, Cd, and Cr in soil in the late stage of experiment, which may induce adverse effects on soil health and food safety.
Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat

Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen (N) efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested: (i) rotary tillage without straw return (RT); (ii) deep plowing tillage without straw return (DT); (iii) rotary tillage with total straw return (RS); (iv) deep plowing tillage with total straw return (DS); (v) rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return (TS). Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear~(–1), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen (N) efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha~(–1) in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013–2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0–10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were observed in the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
Failure mechanism and coupled static-dynamic loading theory in deep hard rock mining: A review

Rock failure phenomena, such as rockburst, slabbing (or spalling) and zonal disintegration, related to deep underground excavation of hard rocks are frequently reported and pose a great threat to deep mining. Currently, the explanation for these failure phenomena using existing dynamic or static rock mechanics theory is not straightforward. In this study, new theory and testing method for deep underground rock mass under coupled static-dynamic loading are introduced. Two types of coupled loading modes, i.e. "critical static stress + slight disturbance" and "elastic static stress + impact disturbance", are proposed, and associated test devices are developed. Rockburst phenomena of hard rocks under coupled static-dynamic loading are successfully reproduced in the laboratory, and the rockburst mechanism and related criteria are demonstrated. The results of true triaxial unloading compression tests on granite and red sandstone indicate that the unloading can induce slabbing when the confining pressure exceeds a certain threshold, and the slabbing failure strength is lower than the shear failure strength according to the conventional Mohr-Column criterion. Numerical results indicate that the rock unloading failure response under different in situ stresses and unloading rates can be characterized by an equivalent strain energy density. In addition, we present a new microseismic source location method without premeasuring the sound wave velocity in rock mass, which can efficiently and accurately locate the rock failure in hard rock mines. Also, a new idea for deep hard rock mining using a non-explosive continuous mining method is briefly introduced.
美军航空母舰药品及医疗用品管理现状

航空母舰是一种以舰载机为主要武器的海上大型作战平台。作为大型水面舰艇,航空母舰的医疗保障现状和能力直接关系到舰员健康和作业能力,是航空母舰作战能力的基础。药品及医疗用品的管理保障能力作为航空母舰医疗保障系统的重要组成部分,对航空母舰医疗保障系统的有效性具有十分重要的影响。笔者对美军航空母舰药品及医疗用品管理进行分析介绍。
SOX1抗体阳性副肿瘤性肌无力综合征及感觉性周围神经病一例

神经系统副肿瘤综合征(paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, PNS)是肿瘤通过远隔效应引起的神经系统并发症,既无局部瘤细胞转移压迫浸润,也无代谢、感染或治疗相关损伤等其他病因。20世纪80年代以来,以Hu抗体为代表的一批肿瘤神经元抗体(onconeural antibody)被发现,提示肿瘤与神经元交叉抗原所继发的免疫反应是相当一部分PNS的病因。虽然尽早发现肿瘤对PNS治疗和预后均有重要影响,但是临床上由于各种原因导致活体组织检查(活检)病理组织无法获得致使诊断延误的例子不在少数。与此同时,近年来新型PNS相关抗体层出不穷,使得越来越多PNS的潜在神经免疫学机制得以揭示。我们报道1例以慢性近端肌无力、腱反射减低及自主神经症状为主要表现患者,电生理检查提示感觉神经、单根运动神经、突触前膜、神经根及自主神经受累。其血清PNS抗体筛查明确Y染色体性别决定区相关高迁移率组盒蛋白1 (sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box 1,SOX1 )抗体阳性,结合全身PET-CT异常及血清神经特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE )升高,考虑伴有小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)可能性极大,并最终通过随访确认患者短期内死亡。希望通过本例中SOX1抗体的实际应用,为诊断SCLC相关PNS提供借鉴。
Interpenetrating polymers supported on microporous polypropylene membranes for the transport of chromium ions

Modifying polypropylene membraneswith interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) through the incorporation of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-N-methyl-D-glucamine) (P(GMA-NMG)) was performed by in situ synthesis via radical polymerization. The surface of the polypropylene membrane was activated by hydrophilic grafted polyelectrolyte, and then, pressure injectionwas used for the impregnation of the reactive solution in the membrane. Two types of pore-filled membranes were synthesized, chelating interpenetrating homopolymer networks of P(GMA-NMG), and chelating-ion exchange interpenetrating polymer networks (e.g., P(GMA-NMG)/P(AA), P(GMA-NMG)/P(AMPSA), and P(GMA-NMG)/P(ClVBTA)). After their synthesis, the modified polypropylene membraneswere characterized using techniques such as the electrokinetic potential, SEM, FT-IR, and Donnan dialysis to corroborate the chromiumion transport. The P(GMA-NMG) and complex networkmembranes exhibited a hydrophilic character with a water-uptake capacity between 20% and 35% and a percentage of modification between 4.0% and 7.0% in comparison with the behavior of the unmodified polypropylene membrane. Hexavalent chromium ions were efficiently transported from the food chamber at pH 9.0 when the 65.2% MTA1 P(ClVBTA) homopolymer IPN membrane and 48.5% MTAG P(GMA-NMG)/P(ClVBTA) IPN membrane were used. Similarly, hexavalent chromium ions were removed from the food chamber at pH 3.0 when MTAG (63.30%) and MTA1 (35.68%) were used in 1 mol·L~(-1) NaCl solution as the extraction reagent.
在中西医结合的道路上砥砺前行

记得2008年健康报刊登了我撰写的《在扬弃中发展中医》一文,顿时网上的评论铺天盖地,可谓一石激起千层浪,褒贬不一。抨击“作者不懂中医,只会攻击中医”的有之;力挺“发展中医必须与时俱进”的也有之。我压力极大,夜不能寐。好在荣获当年健康报 “头条新闻大奖赛”一等奖,得到了些许安慰。我始终相信任何事物都不可能脱离时代和社会环境而超然存在,社会和自然发展规律就是物竞天择,适者生存。中医必须敞开胸怀,融会新知,吸收人类一切先进成果为我所用,才能永远立于不败之地。其实我们的祖先早已为我们树立了光辉的榜样,从洋金花的引进到华佗的麻沸散;从金元时代“古方今病不相能”思潮到金元四大家的学术争鸣;从王清任推出的《医林改错》到西学东渐的中西汇通。貌似“离经叛道”或“标新立异”,但却在不同层次上发展了中医。我先后毕业于北京中医学院和中国协和医科大学研究生院,在这两所中西医学的最高殿堂,系统学习了中西医的基础理论及临床技能。毕业后又有幸得到了著名中西医结合专家祝谌予和郭赛珊两位教授的指导和培养。亲身感受了老师们对中西医结合事业的执着;亲眼目睹了老师们中西医结合治疗的效果,为自己走上中西医结合的道路打下坚实的基础。
More is Needed before Alzheimer's Disease can be Conquered

German Neurologist Alois Alzheimer first reported the autopsy results of a fifty year old female patient named Auguste Deter in 1907. The patient presented with classic cognitive and behavioral disorder. The autopsy results showed two abnormal pathological changes: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques (SPs). In 1924 Divery found that SPs consisted of amyloid using Congo red staining. In 1984, Glenner and Wong purified a 4.2 kDa β-amyloid (Aβ) from a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The sequencing analysis showed Aβ was a peptide containing 39-43 amino-acids, moreover Aβ40 and Aβ42 were main types. Hardy and Selkoe proposed the amyloid cascade hypothesis in later years. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) severing disorder lead to over expression or less clearance of Aβ; and then Aβ became aggregated. In particular, Aβ42 accumulation caused synaptic degeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress, NFTs, neuron loss, and so on. Not long afterwards, several massive, multidimensional, long-term clinical studies showed a relationship between Aβ deposition in the brain and dementia using demic biomarker analysis.
Potential Benefits of Biochar in Agricultural Soils: A Review

Soil degradation, characterized by declines in nutrient status and simultaneous accumulation of pesticide residues, is a major problem affecting agricultural ecosystems. Previous studies indicate that biochar application to soil has promise as a practical method to alleviate these pressures: increasing crop yield and enhancing pesticide degradation. Here, we review the roles of biochar in both chemical and biological promotion of pesticide degradation and the potential benefits of biochar relating to the efficiency of fertilizer use, availability of nutrients, and nutrient exchange. Biochar typically has a high surface area featuring many functional groups, a high cation exchange capacity, and high stability. Major factors that impact on the nutrient retention characteristics of biochar (e.g., feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate) are also discussed herein. Nonetheless, more studies of the long-term impacts on soil properties from biochar addition are still required before it can be possible to accurately quantify the sustainability of this approach to sequester carbon and restore soil function.
游离微型腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复15例手足皮肤软组织缺损

目的观察并分析在手、足皮肤软组织缺损修复中应用游离微型腓动脉穿支皮瓣的临床疗效。方法选取2013年6月至2015年12月我院收治的手、足小创面患者15例,均采用微型游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣行修复治疗。术后随访0.5 ~ 2.0年,平均(1.3±0.4)年,观察治疗后的皮瓣成活率、臃肿率、手足功能优良率及皮瓣部位感觉功能。结果本组15例皮瓣均全部成活,伤口I期愈合,无感染及动脉危象病例发生,仅1例皮瓣轻度臃肿,占6.67%,无溃疡发生;患肢功能优良率均达100%,皮瓣部位感觉功能持续改善。结论游离微型腓动脉穿支皮瓣具有操作简单,患者术后恢复良好,是修复手足皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法之一。
A retrospective prognostic evaluation analysis using the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging system for luminal A breast cancer

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical prognostic value of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for luminal A breast cancer. Methods: Using both the anatomic and prognostic staging in the 8th edition of AJCC cancer staging system, we restaged patients with luminal A breast cancer treated at the Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital from 2008 to 2014. Follow-up data including 5-year disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and other clinic-pathological data were collected to analyze the differences between the two staging subgroups. Results: This study included 421 patients with luminal A breast cancer (median follow-up, 61 months). The 5- year DFS and OS rates were 98.3% and 99.3%, respectively. Significant differences in 5-year DFS but not OS were observed between different anatomic disease stages. Significant differences were observed in both 5-year DFS and OS between different prognostic stages. Application of the prognostic staging system resulted in assignment of 175 of 421 patients (41.6%) to a different group compared to their original anatomic stages. In total, 102 of 103 patients with anatomic stage ⅡA changed to prognostic stage IB, and 24 of 52 patients with anatomic stage ⅡB changed to prognostic stage IB, while 1 changed to prognostic stage ⅢB. Twenty-two of 33 patients with anatomic stage ⅢA were down-staged to ⅡA when staged by prognostic staging system, and the other 11 patients were down-staged to IIB. Two patients with anatomic stage ⅢB were down-staged to ⅢA. Among seven patients with anatomic stage ⅢC cancer, two were down-staged to ⅢA and four were down-staged to stage ⅢB. Conclusions: The 8th edition of AJCC prognostic staging system is an important supplement to the breast cancer staging system. More clinical trials are needed to prove its ability to guide selection of proper systemic therapy and predict prognosis of breast cancer.
离子调控冰的重结晶用于制备多孔材料

结冰是自然界中常见的相变过程。近地面的冰晶能够为诸多化学反应提供必要的反应界面与反应载体,进而深刻影响地表环境变化与地质结构变迁。结冰同时也是生命、大气、海洋、环境和航天航空等领域重要的科学问题,长期以来受到科学家的高度重视。围绕结冰现象的相关领域例如:成核,生长,以及重结晶也得到了广泛深入的研究。其中,冰的重结晶是一种奥斯瓦尔德熟化现象:即冰晶演化过程中,因为大冰晶的表面能比小冰晶的表面能小,导致大冰晶变大而小冰晶变小甚至消失的现象。冰的重结晶在自然界中非常常见而且在诸多方面有着至关重要的影响,例如:食物储存、极寒地区生物的生存、细胞和器官的低温冷冻保存、冰川运动,洋流变迁以及大气臭氧的含量等等。因此研究冰的重结晶机制,实现对冰的重结晶过程的调控就具有极其重要的价值。
New Activity of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the South of Huaihe to the Nvshanhu Segment since the Late Quaternary

Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu (Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary,and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations,we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant,identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples ' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault,three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip,as represented typically by fault scarps,wedge accumulation,the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general,it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition,the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper.
Analytical and computational modelling for wave energy systems: the example of oscillating wave surge converters

The development of new wave energy converters has shed light on a number of unanswered questions in fluid mechanics, but has also identified a number of new issues of importance for their future deployment. The main concerns relevant to the practical use of wave energy converters are sustainability, survivability, and maintainability. Of course, it is also necessary to maximize the capture per unit area of the structure aswell as tominimize the cost. In this review,we consider some of the questions related to the topics of sustainability, survivability, and maintenance access, with respect to sea conditions, for generic wave energy converters with an emphasis on the oscillating wave surge converter. New analytical models that have been developed are a topic of particular discussion. It is also shown how existing numerical models have been pushed to their limits to provide answers to open questions relating to the operation and characteristics of wave energy converters.
Globally Exponential Stability of Memristive Neural Networks With Time-varying Delays and Synchronous Switching

In this paper, we formulate and investigate a memristive neural networks with time-varying delays and synchronous switching. Conditions are derived which ensure the existence of an equilibrium point and uniform stability for state trajectories of the memristive neural network. The analysis in the paper employs results from the theory of Lyapunov function. Moreover, the proposed stability conditions are straightforward and convenient which can reflect the impact of time-varying delays on the stability. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Influence of Converter Bus Serious Harmonic Distortion on HVDC Transmission System

Possibility of serious harmonic distortion (SHD) increases as multi-infeed direct current (MIDC) transmission develops rapidly in recent years. In this paper, the mechanism of high voltage direct current (HVDC) controller working against SHD is proposed for theoretical derivation of phase locked loop (PLL) output and valve commutation process. To reduce static error of constant extinction angle (CEA) controller and enhance active power transmission, the insertion of current error (CE) controller into CEA is minified. A calculation of inverter operating point is proposed in the end. The correctness of mechanism and algorithm is verified through power systems computer aided design (PSCAD) simulation.