mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
俄罗斯阿尔泰-Sayan地区Aksug斑岩Cu-Mo体系的地质与地球化学特征

The Aksug deposit, located in Ahay-Sayan region of Russia, is one of the largest porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in Southern Siberia. The ore-bearing porphyries of the Aksug porphyry Cu-Mo system were formed in post-collisional environment. Geochemically they belong to calk-alkaline and high K-calk-alkaline series. Rocks are characterized by enrichment of LILE and depletion of HSFE and HREE, showing the importance of subduction-related components in magma generation. Large plutonic intrusions that host porphyry systems have been formed during collision. The origin of porphyritic rocks is dominantly the mantle with lower crustal contribution. The mainly economically important Cu-Mo mineralization is closely related to a porphyry series in time and space, being emplaced towards the end of magmatic activity. Though the emplacement of plutonic and ore-bearing porphyry complexes took place in different geodynamic environments, both complexes are characterized by certain similarity in geochemical composition, alkalinity, trace element content, Sr isotopic composition. This fact evidently indicates a common deep-seated magmatic source (at the lower crust-upper mantle level), Low initial 87Sr/86Sr, sulfur isotopic characteristics and presence of PGE-Co-Ni mineralization in associated pyrite-chalcopyrite ores suggest that mantle source of chalcophile elements was of high importance in porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization of the Aksug deposit.
准噶尔板块东南缘沙尔德兰地区A型花岗岩构造环境研究

研究区属于准噶尔板块东南缘,即传统意义上的北天山东段,分布有两类A型花岗岩,一种是钾长花岗岩,另一种是正长花岗斑岩.其中阔台克力克能厄肯钾长花岗岩产于大南湖岛弧带,白坡南钾长花岗岩和正长花岗斑岩均产于觉罗塔格岛弧带.白坡南与阔台克力克能厄肯钾长花岗岩同为弱过铝质,岩石化学属高钾钙碱性系列.稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素,显著亏损Sr、Nb、P2O5、TiO2,具有火山弧花岗岩的地球化学特征.正长花岗斑岩从准铝质过渡到弱过铝质,岩石化学从高钾钙碱性系列过渡到钾玄岩系列,轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,具有显著的负Eu异常;富集高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr、P2O5及TiO2,具有板内花岗岩的地球化学特征.这些钾长花岗岩和正长花岗斑岩均属于A2型花岗岩.根据前人在北疆地区获取的研究成果,可将该区域岛弧环境结束与后碰撞岩石圈伸展环境开始的分界时限厘定为320Ma.根据我们的研究,白坡南钾长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为338.3±4.3Ma,正长花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为278±2Ma.年代学与岩石地球化学研究表明,白坡南钾长花岗岩形成于B型俯冲阶段的岛弧环境,而正长花岗斑岩形成于后碰撞岩石圈伸展环境.由此证明,A型花岗岩不仅产于非造山和后碰撞伸展环境,还可以产于岛弧环境.
透岩浆流体成矿体系

据透岩浆流体成矿理论,熔浆体系与含矿流体体系可以看作是两个相互独立的地质体系,它们因相互需要而耦蘸显谝黄鹦纬梢桓龈丛拥幕旌咸逑?当熔浆与流体发生解耦时,可以在不同的边界条件下发生不同类型的成矿作用.因此,可以将透岩浆流体成矿体系进一步划分成正岩浆成矿体系、接触带成矿体系、远程热液成矿体系和火山热液成矿体系.如果熔浆具有很强的流体圈闲能力,所有的含矿流体都将被封存在岩浆体内,并随着岩浆的固结而析出成矿物质,形成正岩浆矿床.当岩浆具有较高的渗透率且含矿流体逸出岩浆体时,如果岩浆的直接围岩具有较强的捕获成矿物质的能力,即发生接触带成矿作用.否则,含矿流体将在岩浆热驱动下远离岩浆体,形成远程热液矿床.如果有利的流体通道直达岩浆体,含矿流体甚至可以喷出地表或其附近,形成火山热液矿床或水底喷流沉积矿床.这种理论分析似乎与许多成矿事实相吻合,可以有效地指导区域成矿预测和矿床勘探.
四川汶川5.12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及构造意义

2008年汶川8.0级地震沿龙门山断裂带内的映秀-北川断裂和灌县-安县断裂产生了近300 km的同震地表破裂带.震后地质科学考察发现地表变形以逆冲为主,并伴有右旋走滑.地震地表破裂带大多沿古生代碳质泥岩、页岩和三叠系煤系地层内的滑动面出露地表,这些软弱地层为地震破裂带冲到地表提供了超低摩擦滑动带.我们发现在同震垂直和水平位错达6m左右的地表破裂带,地震的同震滑动发生在厚度约0.5～2cm的狭窄滑动带内,以发育新鲜的灰色断层泥为特征,这些断层泥是地震断层快速滑动过程中岩石-流体相互作用的结果.
头针、体针和针药结合治疗对全脑缺血大鼠钙调素活性即刻影响的比较研究

目的:观察针刺头穴和体穴及结合药物治疗对全脑缺血大鼠活性钙调素含量的影响.方法:采用大鼠全脑缺血模型,分别针刺"水沟"、"百会"穴与针刺"商阳"、"中冲"穴,另外分别口饲维脑路通后针刺上述头穴、体穴,以测定缺血脑组织活性钙调素(CaM)的含量.结果:大鼠全脑缺血后,脑组织CaM与正常对照组、假手术组比明显升高(P＜0.001,0.01,0.05),治疗组与模型组比明显下降(P＜0.001,0.01),头穴单纯针刺组与体穴单纯针刺组比较及头穴针药结合组与体穴针药结合组比均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),头穴单纯针刺组与针药结合组比有显著性差异(P＜0.05),体穴单纯针刺组与针药结合组比仅有降低的趋势,但无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:无论针刺头穴还是体穴均可明显降低缺血区脑组织活性钙调素的含量,而且头穴针药结合治疗后,其作用明显优于单纯针刺,说明针刺头穴合并药物治疗脑缺血时,针药相引,直达病所.
采用PLC实现孤网电站负荷管理系统自动化

结合某孤网燃机电站工程设计情况,阐述了采用可编程控制器PLC,实现孤网电站负荷管理系统自动化过程.结果表明,采用PLC实现孤网电站负荷管理系统自动化,系统结构简单、运行安全可靠、操作修改方便、性能价格比高,符合孤网电站运行的特点.
聚乙烯压力管道抗快速裂纹扩展性能的实验研究

小尺寸稳态实验（简称S4实验）是模拟聚乙烯（PE）压力管道快速裂纹扩展的一种有效方法，可获得PE压力管道的止裂性能指标，已成为PE压力管道油气分配装置的设计规范和国际标准。介绍S4实验原理及天津大学自行研制开发的国内第一套S4实验装置，并在不同压力和不同温度下进行了S4实验，最后根据ISO－FDIS  13477规定，经实验得出了供试管材的止裂曲线。
铝合金的转化膜处理工艺研究

研究了铝合金的转化膜处理工艺和铬磷化处理液的配方，采用正交试验法对铬磷化液的配方进行了优选，镍盐可以作为铬磷化的促进剂，得出了铝合金的最佳铬磷化工艺，转化膜性能优良。
超声波对聚合物/纳米CaCO3复合材料性能的影响

采用超声波直接振荡聚苯乙烯（PS）/纳米CaCO3复合材料熔体的方法制备了PS/纳米CaCO3复合材料，TEM观察表明，超声波可以显著提高纳米CaCO3在PS基体中的分散程度，在经超声波处理的试样中纳米CaCo3基本上以纳米尺度分散于PS中。超声波处理可以使PS/纳米CaCO3复合材料的弯曲弹性模量提高25。但是超声波作用过度会引起PS的降解。导致复合材料的物理性能下降。对高填充量的聚丙烯（PP）/纳米CaCO3复合材料进行超声波处理。不仅促进纳米CaCO3在PP中的分散，而且使纳米CaCo3在基体中呈链状分布，这种结构使PP复合材料的弯曲弹性模量提高了约44。
塑料特种挤出装备研究现状和发展

结合特种挤出技术与装备的研究实践，对国内外特种挤出技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了述评。重点介绍了最新研制成功的双螺杆挤出机。往复式销钉螺杆挤出机，串联式磨盘螺杆挤出机。微型高速低粘度单螺杆挤出机和熔体齿轮泵挤出机的结构特点和应用领域。并对今后研究方向提出了建议。
近年广州市二氧化硫污染特征及污染来源分析

根据广州市空气自动监测系统1991-2000年的监测结果。结合1998年气象和污染源数据，对近年二氧化硫污染特征和污染来源进行分析。结果表明近年广州市二氧化硫夏季浓度对全年浓度的贡献在逐渐加大；在刮东南风时，二氧化硫平均浓度最高，其次是西南风，而且月平均风速越大浓度越高。东南方向和西南方向，存在着较明显的二氧化硫污染源。结合污染源排放及分布情况的分析结果表明，夏季二氧化硫污染贡献逐渐加大，这与广州市东部，东南部居高不下的排放量有关，也与广州市东南面珠江口两岸不断新建大型火电厂群有关。
淄河上游农业非点源污染负荷分析与防治研究

农业非点源污染是造成农村地区湖泊水库产生富营养化的主要原因。对淄河流域非点源的综合分析表明，非点源的年污染负荷比点源的年污染负荷高，并提出了防治对策。
水基磁流体的制备与性质研究

采用十二烷基硫酸钠进行磁性颗粒的二次改性，通过胶溶法制备稳定的水基磁流体。应用X—ray衍射仪、透射电镜对磁性颗粒的结构、粒径、形貌进行了表征，并探讨了制备条件对磁流体性质的影响。
聚砜/环氧树脂相容性对合金膜结构和性能的影响

本文通过混合焓法预测并用相差显微镜表征了聚砜/环氧树脂(PSF/ER)合金体系的相容性，表明二者为部分相容体系。合金膜中聚合物的组成影响PSF/ER间的相容性，进而影响合金膜的结构和性能。随合金体系相容性下降，膜的平均孔径显著增加，水通量增大而相应的截留率下降；研究表明，改变PSF/ER间的相容性是调节膜结构、提高膜性能的有效方法。
反相液相色谱质谱法分离鉴定3，4，6，7，9，10－6H－3，3，6，6－四甲基－9－对硝基苯基吖啶－1，8－二酮

应用反相高效液相色谱法，分离和鉴定3，4，6，7，9，10－6H－3，3，6，6－四甲基－9－对硝基苯基吖啶－1，8－二酮（化合物Ⅰ），分离系统包括Zorbax SB C18及苯基柱，紫外检测器检测波长为285nm，等比和线性梯度淋洗，液相色谱－质谱联用和光导二极和列检测系统被用来鉴定主要化合物及其它杂质，此方法可达到分离效果好，灵敏度高。
铜合金中铝和铁顺序示波滴定

叙述了用示波滴定法连续测定铜合金中铝、铁。试样酸溶后，在pH5．5的HOAc—NH4OAc缓冲介质中，用Zn2+标准溶液顺序示波滴定NH4F置换Al-EDTA和KCl、KF置换Fe-EDTA中的EDTA，间接计算出铝和铁的含量。该方法快速简便，终点直观，准确度、精密度均较高。标准加入回收率在99．0％—l00．4％之间，RSD＜0．5％。
纳米TiO2改性聚乙烯膜抗菌性能的研究

采用纳米粉体的分散技术和掺混技术，在聚乙烯中加入纳米TiO2制得纳米TiO2改性聚乙烯膜，并对该膜的抗菌性、抗变色性、使用安全性进行了研究。结果表明，纳米TiO2改性聚乙烯膜具有良好的抗菌性能，在不同光源条件下对不同微生物菌株的杀菌率都达到92％以上，且具有抗菌广谱、长效、安全稳定等性能。
新型酚醛树脂固化过程的表征研究

主要利用DSC、TG及IR技术研究了新型S157酚醛树脂体系的固化反应及其动力学、树脂体系中改性剂含量对固化反应的影响及固化过程中树脂体系结构变化规律，为确定新型S157酚醛树脂体系的固化工艺提供依据。新型S157酚醛树脂体系的固化反应表观活化能约为82kJ/mol，固化反应级数为0.91；有机硅改性剂的加入及其含量对树脂基体固化反应表现活化能、固化反应级数和热分解温度基本无影响，但失重率有所降低；在树脂基体等温固化过程中，活性羟甲基指数逐渐降低，树脂在高温固化过程中由于受到氧化而产生羰基吸收。
过氧化氢氧化罗丹明6G催化荧光法测定铁

基于在高氯酸溶液中痕量铁对过氧化氢氧化罗丹明6G具有催化作用，建立了催化荧光法测定痕量铁的新方法。方法的检出限为1．4×10^-8g·ml^-1，线性范围为0．02-0．6μg·m1^-1。该方法用于人发、面粉中痕量铁的测定，结果满意。
等截面直肋传热简化计算的适用条件

工程上在进行等截面直肋计算时,常用肋端绝热计算公式代替肋端对流换热计算公式计算传热.采用理论分析方法,将这样近似的误差表示为截(面积与)侧面积比f/(Uh)和毕渥数Bi的函数,并通过可能取值范围的计算,表明当等截面直肋的截侧面积比f/(Uh)＜0.5或Bi＞7两个条件满足一个,这种计算方法的误差小于1%.
汽轮机最有利真空循环水泵变频驱动控制系统

在火电厂中循环水流量大多采用节流调节方式,控制效果差,不能保证凝汽器工作在最有利真空值,而且循环水泵电耗严重.研制了一种循环水泵变频调速控制系统,利用PLC(可编程控制器)设计合理的控制逻辑,实现平稳启停和切换,保证最有利真空值的实现,使汽轮机经济运行.同时分析了汽轮机的经济运行方式,给出了最有利真空值的计算原则;详细介绍了系统的控制原理、硬件结构及PLC程序的设计,并给出了应用效果.
GmNMH7基因在大豆成花诱导、花发育和开花逆转过程中的表达

大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merrill]是典型的短日照植物,光周期反应敏感品种在一定的短日-长日条件下可发生开花逆转.本实验室以大豆品种自贡冬豆为材料,将SD(短日)、LD(长日)和SD13d-LD相结合,建立了大豆光周期反应机制研究的新的实验系统.本研究通过筛选自贡冬豆成熟花的cDNA文库得到MADS-box基因家族的一个成员GmNMH7,采用RNA原位杂交技术分析了不同光周期条件下GmNMH7基因在大豆顶端分生组织分化过程中的表达,并观察了GmNMH7基因在幼叶、幼茎、根瘤等器官中的表达情况.主要结果总结如下:在短日照(SD)条件下,自贡冬豆植株可在较短时间内完成开花诱导、正常开花和结实.GmNMH7基因在可观察到的花芽分化出现之前即开始在大豆顶端分生组织中表达,其表达时间贯穿成花诱导、花芽分化、花器官发育及种子形成的全过程.在长日照(LD)条件下,植株持续进行营养生长,没有任何形式的花器官出现,GmNMH7基因在顶端分生组织中一直不表达.在短日照13天-长日照(SD13d-LD)条件下,60%以上的植株出现花序逆转和花逆转,另一部分植株顶端出现短花序,开花期比持续短日处理的植株晚.在出现开花逆转的植株中,GmNMH7基因的表达可随长日处理日数的增加和营养器官的出现而减弱.当顶端分生组织完全恢复叶片分化时,GmNMH7基因的表达停止.在出现短花序的植株中,GmNMH7基因一直表达,但表达量低于持续短日处理.对部分时期GmNMH7基因在幼叶、幼茎和根瘤中表达情况的研究未发现明显的规律性.GmNMH7基因在大豆花芽分化启动之前就开始表达的现象为大豆开花诱导提供了早期证据,该基因在顶端分生组织中的表达受光周期调控的事实说明,GmNMH7与大豆光周期反应、成花诱导及花器官发育有密切关系.我们推测,GmNMH7基因在上述过程中可能发挥着类似于分生组织特征基因的作用.实验结果进一步证明,本实验室利用开花(短日处理)、持续营养生长(长日处理)、开花逆转(短日-长日处理)三种发育状态(光照处理)建立的实验系统在大豆(短日植物)光周期反应和个体发育研究中有重要的利用价值.
水稻PSM标记的发展及抗虫基因的分子定位

水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,为世界近一半人口提供食物来源.水稻微卫星图谱的构建有利于遗传基础的研究及分子育种.本研究通过发展位置特异性微卫星标记,对微卫星标记进行了图谱的整合,并利用微卫星等标记对水稻抗稻瘿蚊基因Gm6和抗褐飞虱基因Bph3进行了分子定位.主要研究结果如下:1、利用网上公布的序列信息进行位置特异性微卫星引物的设计和微卫星图谱的整合.共发展了198个PSM标记,有105个标记的基序为GA/CT重复,占53.3%,绝大多数标记(98.0%)的重复序列长度在20bp以上.将原有微卫星标记和本实验发展的PSM标记整合到RGP遗传图谱上,整合后总的SSR标记数为718个,新图谱的遗传距离总长度为1527.2cM,平均标记密度为每2.13cM有一个SSR标记,其中第1染色体的标记最密(1.73cM/个),而第11染色体的标记密度最低(3.32cM/个).将本研究发展的微卫星图谱与IRMI发表的高密度微卫星进行了比较,结果显示本研究发展的微卫星图谱标记分布比较均匀,只有3个区域标记间遗传间距在10cM以上,5个区域在8-10cM,而IRMI微卫星图谱分别有17和12个.2、采用G2417-2-1×抗蚊青占(239株)和G3004-4×抗蚊青占(243株)两个F2作图群体对水稻抗稻瘿蚊进行了分子定位,并对该基因区域进行物理作图.利用两个SSR标记(RM348和RM255)和一个STS标记(RG476/ ScaⅠ)将Gm6基因初定位在第4染色体的长臂上,然后利用网上公布的序列信息在附近设计高密度的位置特异微卫星标记,对Gm6基因作精细定位,将其定位在PSM112和PSM114两标记之间,遗传距离为0.4 cM的区域内,另有PSM101、PSM106和PSM115三个标记与Gm6基因完全连锁.筛选出两个BAC重叠克隆AL606645和AL606660用于Gm6基因的物理作图,利用这两个克隆上有多态的位置特异微卫星标记将该基因限定在大约158kb的物理区域内.3、利用RH ×七丝软占F2作图群体对水稻抗褐飞虱基因Bph3进行分子定位.根据F3株系表型鉴定结果,从F2作图群体的237株中选出27株抗感极端株用于Bph3基因的分子定位.选择第4染色体上具有多态性的微卫星标记对该基因进行连锁分析,发现两个标记RM261和RM119与Bph3的遗传距离均为8.0cM.在这两标记之间的区域内发展位置特异微卫星标记,两个新发展的微卫星标记PSM323和PSM194与Bph3基因的遗传距离分别为8.0cM和3.8cM.因而Bph3基因被定位在第4染色体长臂上PSM323和PSM194两标记之间.
薇甘菊种子萌发特性的初步研究

对近年来传入中国的恶性农林杂草薇甘菊Mikania micrantha种子的萌发特性进行了研究.结果表明:在0.5～2 cm深度的土壤中,随着土层深度的增加而萌发率下降,5 cm下则没有种子萌发;刚成熟的种子萌发率不高,在室温25 ℃下2个月后达最高,而后随着时间的推延萌发率下降;薇甘菊种子萌发需要光,随着光照强度的增加,种子萌发率升高;在5～10 ℃低温贮存条件下的种子比室温25 ℃贮存的种子有更高的萌发率.
论石油成因

在分析了现有石油有机成因论的基础上,提出了石油的宇宙成因假说.该假说认为,围绕着银河系旋转的太阳系,在穿过星际尘云时与微球体发生碰撞,在太阳射线紫外光和冲击波的作用下,含有大量水分子、高分子化合物(包括烃类)以无定形碳形式出现的星际尘云,被分解为各种接近于石油组分的烃类,并以石油雨的形式沉落在地球上.全球冰川作用与烃类的聚集有密切的关系,这是由于地球长期处于分子尘云的致密介质中,太阳辐射被屏蔽之故.当饱含沥青的地层沉降在有利的热动力环境中时,在来自上地幔的烃类天然气作用下,可以成为"新"的油源.
转子系统振动的灰色预测控制研究

分析了转子系统灰色预测控制设计方法及应用.针对单盘对称转子轴承系统,建立了灰色模型GM(1,1)为主体的灰色预测控制模块,进行了振动主动控制研究,仿真计算结果表明,将灰色预测控制理论与方法应用于转子系统振动主动控制是可行的、有效的.
利用VSP资料标定层位

VSP(垂直地震剖面)资料是连结钻井资料和地面地震剖面的天然桥梁,合成记录只能做参考.了解VSP资料和地面地震剖面在记录方武、基准面选择、低降速带校正方法以及资料处理过程是用好VSP资料、做好层位标定的前提.
D-半乳糖对大鼠海马氨基酸含量及海马CA1区突触结构参数的影响

目的观察经D-半乳糖长期处理的大鼠海马氨基酸含量及海马CA1区突触结构参数的改变.方法应用反相高效液相法对大鼠海马氨基酸含量进行分析,应用透射电镜结台图像分析对突触结构参数进行观察.结果(1)D-半乳糖可导致模型大鼠天冬氨酸、牛磺酸、γ-氨基丁酸含量降低,谷氨酸含量升高(P＜0.05);(2)在突触结构参数中,经D-半乳糖处理的大鼠突触间隙明显增宽、突触后致密物厚度变薄、突触活性区长度缩短(P＜0.05),突触界面曲率三组间无差异.结论D-半乳糖可改变大鼠海马氨基酸含量,并可显著影响大鼠海马突触结构参数.
中国西南部道路边坡生态治理的实践

中国西部道路基础建设，是国家西部开发工程投资的重点，对西部经济的发展具有战略意义。总结我国西南部高速公路堑边坡类型、特点及生态治理模式，应用喷混植生新技术绿化治理石质坡面，并作出规模示范。从保持生物的多样性与布局的立体性出发，提出以草为主，乔灌草结合，恢复破坏边坡自然生态植被，以促进公路边坡的稳定性，提高边坡绿化的中长期效果。
市场风险值VaR的算法与应用

进行金融风险管理时可以将风险划分为四类，即信用风险、经营风险、流动性风险和市场风险。其中市场风险是指金融市场价格（包括股票价格、利率、汇率和大宗可交易商品的价格）波动而引起的未来收益的不确定性。市场风险值VaR(Value at Risk）就是用来评价给定资产所面临的市场风险大小。本文介绍了VaR的定义、相关的计算方法和在证券投资决策中的应用实例。
辽河盆地构造样式与圈闭发育特征

在详细分析辽河盆地构造样式的基础上,将其分为基底卷入型和盖层滑脱型两大类,前者分为阶梯状伸展构造、张性正断层构造组合、披覆构造、变换构造带、扭动构造及正反转构造等6亚类,后者可分为滑脱正断层构造组合底辟构造等2亚类.构造多期活动,因此部分构造样式相互叠加.不同的构造样式具有不同的圈闭发育特征.依据构造样式和圈闭特征,将辽河盆地的圈闭划分为构造圈闭和非构造圈闭两大类.
不同播种密度对燕麦几个数量性状的影响

在5个播种密度下对燕麦的6个数量性状进行了研究。结果表明：不同播种密度下燕麦的单株分蘖数、穗粒重、穗粒数、单株地上生物量都存在极显著的差异，随播种密度的增加这几个性状均呈减少或下降的趋势；千粒重和株高这2个性状比较稳定，不随播种密度的改变而发生相依变化。
青藏高原“黑土滩”形成的自然因素与生物学机制

“黑土滩”的形成有其特定的海拔范围、区域特征和独特的气象条件。整个过程的主导因素是人为过度放牧，导致秃斑地的形成；害鼠破坏、风蚀、水蚀和冻融剥离等自然因素起到加速“黑土滩”的形成作用。
物品自动运送机器人原型系统的局部路径规划研究

描述了一种基于多边形环境模型,以机器人运动过程中的转弯次数最少为优化目标,采用广度优先搜索技术的MT局部路径规划算法以及相应的复杂实际环境建模方法,并将其应用于目前正在研制的物品自动运送机器人(ACR)原型系统.仿真实验表明,本文所描述的MT算法以及相应的环境建模方法对ACR原型系统的局部路径规划问题而言不失为一种良好的解决方案.
有机配体EDTA对黑麦草吸收利用稀土的影响

研究有机配体EDTA对稀土在黑麦草植株中的富集和分布的影响.结果表明,低浓度EDTA可促进稀土在植株中的富集,高浓度时抑制.且稀土主要累积在黑麦草的根部,通过食物链对人类影响较小.
Characteristics of arthropod community and their diversity restoration in leafy vegetable fields

The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in various vegetable fields and Lhe restoration of their biodiversity after stopping application of chemical insecticides were studied. The results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in vegetable fields could be characterized the species structure, the diversity index and the evenness of species distribution. Components of arthropod species depended closely on the species number of insect pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders. Investigations showed that the numbers of species in the vegetable fields managed with chemical insecticides were obviously reduced, and their diversity indices were lower comparing with that without chemical insecticides. When the applications of chemical insecticides were stopped in vegetable fields, the index of population trend (I) of dominant insect pests decreased greatly, the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests increased, and the diversity index of arthropod increased at the same time. Thus, limiting the application of chemical insecticides, resuming the environment of vegetable fields destroyed by using chemical insecticides, escalating the control ability of natural enemies on main insect pests will play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields.
A Flexible Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model

Based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate System Model version 1(CSM-1), a Flexible coupled General Circulation Model version 0 (FGCM-0) is developed in this study through replacing CSM-1＇s oceanic component model with IAP L30T63 global oceanic general circulation model and some necessary modifications of the other component models. After the coupled model FGCM--0 is spun up for dozens of years, it has been run for 60 years without flux correction. The model does not only show the reasonable long-term mean climatology, but also reproduce a lot of features of the interannual variability of climate, e.g. the ENSO-like events in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the dipole mode pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean. Comparing FGCM-0 with the NCAR CSM-1, some common features are found, e.g. the overestimation of sea ice in the North Pacific and the simulated double ITCZ etc.The further analyses suggest that they may be attributed to errors in the atmospheric model.
Observational Analyses of Baroclinic Boundary Layer Characteristics during One Frontal Winter Snowstorm

The evolution and characteristics of the baroclinic boundary layer for one frontal winter snowstorm were analyzed by using the well-documented dataset during Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 17 of STORM-FEST. It is found that when the warm moist air was lifted across the front, a great amount of la tent heat release because of snowing increased the frontal temperature contrast to intensify frontogenesis. Itis shown in the zig-zag section diagram of potential temperature that when the frontogenesis got stronger, a cold trough was formed and both low-level jet (LLJ) and upper-level jet (ULJ) emerged ahead of the front.In the strongest stage of frontogenesis, the frontal contrast of potential temperature of cold trough reached as high as 20 K. Hereafter the LLJ ahead of the front tended to weaken and the LLJ behind the front tended to strengthen. The frontal circulation system was dominated by the cold air advection behind the front,which transported the cold air behind the front forward to the warm area ahead of the front to weaken the cold trough and finally frontolysis occurred. It is shown by the analyses of turbulent characteristics of front al baroclinic boundary-layer that the vertical shear (wv) above the boundary layer was very large, and the pumping of the strong wind shear in turbulent energy budget made the characteristic variables within the PBL well mixed. Sufficient moisture carried by southerly flow from the Mexico Gulf, and the strong baroclinity of the frontal boundary layer played key roles in this frontal winter snowstorm, and the large-scale ULJ behind the cold front is also advantageous to the development of the convective boundary layer.
Changes of Extreme Events in Regional Climate Simulations over East Asia

Changes of extreme events due to greenhouse effects (2 * CO_2) over East Asia, with a focus on theChina region as simulated by a regional climate model (RegCM2), are investigated. The model is nested to aglobal coupled ocean-atmosphere model (CSIRO R21 L9 AOGCM). Analysis of the control run of the re-gional model indicates that it can reproduce well the extreme events in China. Statistically significantchanges of the events are analyzed. Results show that both daily maximum and daily minimum temperatureincrease in 2 * CO_2 conditions, while the diurnal temperature range decreases. The number of hot spell daysincreases while the number of cold spell days decreases. The number of rainy days and heavy rain days in-creases over some sub-regions of China. The 2 * CO_2 conditions also cause some changes in the tropicalstorms affecting China.
Elimination of Computational Systematic Errors and Improvements of Weather and Climate System Models in Relation to Baroclinic Primitive Equations

The design of a total energy conserving semi-implicit scheme for the multiple-level baroclinic primitive equation has remained an unsolved problem for a long time. In this work, however, we follow an energy perfect conserving semi-implicit scheme of a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) type sigma-coordinate primitive equation which has recently successfully formulated. Some real-data contrast tests between the model of the new conserving scheme and that of the ECMWF-type of global spectral semi-implicit scheme show that the RMS error of the averaged forecast Height at 850 hPa can be clearly improved after the first integral week. The reduction also reaches 50 percent by the 30th day.Further contrast tests demonstrate that the RMS error of the monthly mean height in the middle and lower troposphere also be largely reduced, and some well-known systematical defects can be greatly improved.More detailed analysis reveals that part of the positive contributions comes from improvements of the extra-long wave components. This indicates that a remarkable improvement of the model climate drift level can be achieved by the actual realizing of a conserving time-difference scheme, which thereby eliminates a corresponding computational systematic error source / sink found in the currently-used traditional type of weather and climate system models in relation to the baroclinic primitive equations.
The Propagation and Transport Effect of Planetary Waves in the Northern Hemisphere Winter

Based on the transformed Eulerian-mean equations, the dynamics of planetary waves are discussed.Both observations and simulations indicate that in the Northern Hemisphere winter there are two waveguides for the meridional propagation of quasi-stationary planetary waves. One is the high latitude waveguide, and the other is the low latitude waveguide. These results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis. Moreover, the convergence of EP flux indicates that the stratospheric sudden warming is the result of anomalous planetary wave propagation along the high latitude waveguide and its interaction with mean flows. The tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) winds, which represent one significant variation of zonal flow in the lower stratosphere at low latitudes, can influence the low latitude waveguide of planetary wave propagation. Our results of the wave-mean flow coupled model show that these tropical winds can also modulate the high latitude waveguide significantly in the case of wave-mean flow interaction.The transport effect of planetary waves on ozone is also analyzed. The residual mean circulation forced by planetary waves indicates that there is strong transport circulation for the dissipative planetary waves.Under the forcing of northward eddy heat transport, a positive transport circulation can result which rises at low latitudes and sinks at high latitudes. At the same time, the modification of planetary wave propagation by the equatorial QBO winds is shown to have an important impact on the transport circulation. The model results indicate that the meridional transport is amplified during the easterly phase of the QBO. This mechanism may explain the interannual variability of ozone in the stratosphere at high latitudes.
Adaptive Grid Technique Based on the Variational Principle and Its Weight Functions

Two computational cases that have analytic solutions are employed for studying the adaptive grid technique based on the variational principle. The results show that for the computational case of traveling shock waves the weight function, with the 2nd-order derivation terms taken into consideration, can more effectively reduce the error than one with gradient terms. For the case of cyclonic frontogenesis, weight functions only related to the gradient are unable to enhance the computational accuracy. while ones with the wind field and frontogenesis function taken into consideration can more reasonably arrange the grid. Compared with analytic solutions, the adaptive grid technique suggested in this paper can improve computational accuracy and it displays the prominent advantage of saving memory.
A Simple Yet More Accurate Model to Calculate Solar Radiative Flux in the Inhomogeneous Atmosphere

A simple yet more accurate semiempirical model is developed to calculate solar radiative flux in the optically inhomogeneous atmosphere. In the model a parameterized expression of spherical reflectance and transmitance of the atmosphere is confirmed, and the weighted single scatter albedo and weighted asymmetric factor are introduced to fit four empirical correction factors responsible for radiative fluxes in the inhomogeneous atmosphere. For both clean and turbid models, there are 120060 sets of radiative flux simulations for accuracy checks of the model, which cover 0-50 cloud optical depths, 0-0.8 surface reflectance, Junge and Log-normal aerosol size distributions, and 0-0.05 imaginary parts of aerosol refractive indexes. In case of the homogeneous atmosphere, standard errors of the 120060 upward fluxes from the present model are 1.08% and 1.04% for clean and turbid aerosol models, respectively; and those of the downward fluxes are 4.12% and 3.31%. In case of the inhomogeneous atmosphere, standard errors of the upw ard fluxes from the present model are 3.01% and 3.48% for clean and turbid aerosol models.respectively; and those of the downward fluxes are 4.54% and 4.89%, showing a much better accuracy than the results calculated by using an assumption of the homogeneous atmosphere.
A Comparative Analysis of Computational Stability for Linear Non-Linear Evolution Equations

For several difference schemes of linear and non-linear evolution equations, taking the one-dimensional linear and non-linear advection equations as examples, a comparative analysis for computational stability is carried out and the relationship between non-linear computational stability, the construction of difference schemes, and the form of initial values is discussed. It is proved through comparative analysis and numerical experiment that the computational stability of the difference schemes of the non-linear evolution equation are absolutely different from that of the linear evolution equation.
Nonlinear Saturation of Baroclinic Instability in the Phillips Model: The Case of Energy

A conservation law for the Phillips model is derived. Using this law, the nonlinear saturation of purely baroclinic instability caused by the vertical velocity shear of the basic flow in the Phillips model-the case of energy-is studied within the context of Arnold's second stability theorem. Analytic upper bounds on the energy of wavy disturbances are obtained. For one unstable region in the parameter plane, the result here is a second-order correction in ε to Shepherd's; For another unstable region, the analytic upper bound on the energy of wavy disturbances offers an effective constraint on wavy (nonzonal) disturbances φ'i at any time.
Influences of Structures on Urban Ventilation:A Numerical Experiment

Numerical simulations are carried out for the disturbed flow caused by three six-story buildings and a twenty-story tall tower respectively, as well as the distribution of automobile exhaust gas from a nearby road, based on the Peking University Model of Atmospheric Environment. The results show that the ventilation is better around the tall tower than around the three six-story residential buildings for the same number of households in the same urban region.
The Spring Monsoon in South China and Its Relationship to Large-Scale Circulation Features

In this paper, the authors define the spring monsoon in South China, and study the climatology and the interannual variation through analysis of the precipitation and the related atmospheric circulation, as revealed by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results indicate that the spring monsoon season in South China occurs climatologically in April and May, which is supported by both seasonal and interannual variation of the atmospheric circulation and precipitation. The related atmospheric circulation is different from that during the East Asian summer or winter monsoon season. The interannual variation of the spring monsoon rainfall in South China relates primarily to the anomalous circulation over the North Pacific, which is linked with the westerly jet over North Asia and with the polar vortex. It is also connected with sea surface temperature anomalies in the Pacific. Changes in the Asian tropical atmospheric circulation has little influence on the spring monsoon in South China according to this research.