mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of La-modified Ni-Al_2O_3 and Ni-SiO_2 catalysts for CO_x-free hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane

Hydrotalcite precursors of La modified Ni-Al_2O_3 and Ni-SiO_2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method and the catalytic activities were examined for the production of CO_x-free H_2 by CH_4 decomposition. Physico-chemical characteristics of fresh, reduced and used catalysts were evaluated by XRD, TPR and O_2 pulse chemisorptions, TEM and BET-SA techniques. XRD studies showed phases due to hydrotalcite-like precursors in oven dried form produced dispersed NiO species upon calcination in static air above 450 ℃. Raman spectra of deactivated samples revealed the presence of both ordered and disordered forms of carbon. Ni-La-Al_2O_3 catalyst with a mole ratio of Ni:La:Al = 2:0.1:0.9 exhibited tremendously high longevity with a hydrogen production rate of 1300 mol_(H_2)·mol_(Ni)~(-1). A direct relationship between Ni metal surface area and hydrogen yields was established.
A continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method based on deformable blocks for fracture modeling

In the framework of finite element meshes, a novel continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method is proposed in this paper for modeling of crack problems. In the present CDDA, simple polynomial interpolations are defined at the deformable block elements, and a link element is employed to connect the adjacent block elements. The CDDA is particularly suitable for modeling the fracture propagation because the switch from continuous deformation analysis to discontinuous deformation analysis is natural and convenient without additional procedures. The SIFs (stress intensity factors) for various types of cracks, such as kinked cracks or curved cracks, can be easily computed in the CDDA by using the virtual crack extension technique (VCET). Both the formulation and implementation of the VCET in CDDA are simple and straightforward. Numerical examples indicate that the present CDDA can obtain high accuracy in SIF results with simple polynomial interpolations and insensitive to mesh sizes, and can automatically simulate the crack propagation without degrading accuracy.
Degradation of bisphenol A by microorganisms immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres

In this study, microorganisms (named B111) were immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres prepared by the inverse suspension crosslinked method. The biodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-hydro-xybenzaldehyde, a degradation product of BPA, by free and immobilized B111 was investigated. The BPA degradation studies were carried out at initial BPA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg·L~(?1). The affinity constant Ks and maximum degradation rate R max were 98.3 mg·L~(?1) and 19.7 mg·mg~(?1)VSS·d~(?1) for free B111, as well as 87.2 mg·L~(?1) and 21.1 mg·mg~(?1)VSS·d~(?1) for immobilized B111, respectively. 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses confirmed that the dominant genera were Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas for BPA biodegradation in microorganisms B111.
An investigation into the vibration of harmonic drive systems

Harmonic drive systems are precise and specific transmission gear systems which are beneficial in terms of the high transmission ratio and almost zero backlash. These inherent and spectacular properties result in using this mechanism in robotic and space sciences where the precision and lightwieght play an important role. This paper presents a vibration analysis of harmonic drive systems using the shell theory. Equations of vibration for the flexspline and the circular spline of the system are derived and used to find the natural frequencies for both parts and, moreover, vibration response of the system under the operating condition is calculated. Also, obtained vibration equations are utilized to study the effects of different involved parameters such as the geometry of the flexspline and its gear tooth, eccentricity, and unbalancing on the vibrational behavior of the system.
The role of RAS effectors in BCR/ABL induced chronic myelogenous leukemia

BCR/ABL is the causative agent of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Through structure/function analysis, several protein motifs have been determined to be important for the development of leukemogenesis. Tyrosine177 of BCR is a Grb2 binding site required for BCR/ABL-induced CML in mice. In the current study, we use a mouse bone marrow transduction/transplantation system to demonstrate that addition of oncogenic NRAS (NRASG12D) to a vector containing a BCR/ABL~(Y177F) mutant “rescues” the CML phenotype rapidly and efficiently. To further narrow down the pathways downstream of RAS that are responsible for this rescue effect, we utilize well-characterized RAS effector loop mutants and determine that the RAL pathway is important for rapid induction of CML. Inhibition of this pathway by a dominant negative RAL is capable of delaying disease progression. Results from the present study support the notion of RAL inhibition as a potential therapy for BCR/ABL-induced CML.
Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells pretreated by different methods. In addition to the effects of the pretreatment, the effects of various parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of RB was studied. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and a maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3.0. The best fit for the rates of dye adsorption was a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients (R~2>0.99). Langmuir isotherms were used to determine that the maximum loading capacity of the different walnut shells and the RB capacities ranged from 1.451–2.292 mg·g~(?1). The dye adsorption was also evaluated thermodynamically. Positive standard enthalpy (ΔH°) values were obtained indicating that the RB adsorption process is endothermic as well as ΔG° and ΔS° values showed that adsorption process is spontaneous with an increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Desorption studies were carried out to explore the feasibility of regenerating the used walnut shells and it was found that 97.71%–99.17% of the retained RB was recovered with 0.1 mol·L~(?1) NaOH solution. The walnut shells were also successfully used to remove RB from industrial effluents.
Toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles:Research strategies and implications for nanomedicine

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are one of the most versatile and safe nanoparticles in a wide variety of biomedical applications. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the potential adverse biological effects and safety issues associated with SPIONs, which is essential for the development of next-generation SPIONs and for continued progress in translational research. In this mini review, we summarize recent developments in toxicity studies on SPIONs, focusing on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of SPIONs and their induced toxic biological responses for a better toxicological understanding of SPIONs.
The squeezing dynamics of two independent atoms by detuning in two non-Markovian environments

The squeezing dynamics of two independent two-level atoms off-resonantly coupled to two non-Markovian reservoirs is studied by the time-convolutionless master-equation approach. We find that the squeezing of two atoms is dependent on both detuning and the non-Markovian effect. Our results show that, in the non-Markovian regime, the bigger the detuning and the stronger the non-Markovian effect are, the larger the strength of the squeezing is. And the squeezing of two atoms can be effectively protected for a long time when both the non-Markovian effect and detuning are present simultaneously. The physical mechanism is that the detuning not only can promote the feedback of information from the environment into the atomic system but also can greatly suppress the atomic decay in the non-Markovian regime.
Simulating train movement in an urban railway based on an improved car-following model

Based on the optimal velocity car-following model, in this paper, we propose an improved model for simulating train movement in an urban railway in which the regenerative energy of a train is considered. Here a new additional term is introduced into a traditional car-following model. Our aim is to analyze and discuss the dynamic characteristics of the train movement when the regenerative energy is utilized by the electric locomotive. The simulation results indicate that the improved car-following model is suitable for simulating the train movement. Further, some qualitative relationships between regenerative energy and dynamic characteristics of a train are investigated, such as the measurement data of regenerative energy presents a power-law distribution. Our results are useful for optimizing the design and plan of urban railway systems.
On U-ample ω-semigroups

The investigation of U-ample ω-semigroups is initiated. After obtaining some properties of such semigroups, a structure of U-ample ω-semigroups is established. It is proved that a semigroup is a U-ample ω-semigroup if and only if it can be expressed by WBR(T, θ), namely, the weakly Bruck-Reilly extensions of a monoid T. This result not only extends and amplifies the structure theorem of bisimple inverse ω-semigroups given by N. R. Reilly, but also generalizes the structure theorem of *-bisimple type A ω-semigroups given by U. Asibong-Ibe in 1985.
TLR4 is required for the obesity-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction

Obesity is an important inducing factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying high-fat-(HF) diet-induced obesity in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is still unclear. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a key mediator of innate immunity. To investigate the effects of TLR4 in obesity-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, we used male diabetic (db/db), obese (ob/ob) mice, TLR4-wild type (WT), and TLR4-knockout mice that were fed with normal diet or HF diet for 24 weeks. Immunostaining of TLR4 and TLR4 mRNA level in pancreatic islet were assessed. The results from biological characteristics, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and insulin release test showed that the function of pancreatic islet was impaired in HF-fed TLR4 WT mice, but was protected in HF-fed TLR4 deficient (TLR4~(?/?)) mice. By electron microscope detection, we observed that beta cell insulin secretory vesicles increased in HF-fed TLR4 WT mice. Ultrastructure of beta cell in HF-fed TLR4~(-/-) mice was similar to that in normal chow diet-fed TLR4 WT mice. Then, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay by using primary pancreatic islet showed that the secretion function of pancreatic islet in HF-fed TLR4~(?/?) mice was better than that in HF-fed TLR4 WT mice. Furthermore, in HF-fed TLR4~(?/?) mice, the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 genes in pancreatic islet were significantly lower than those in HF-fed TLR4 WT mice. Consistent with the change in gene expression, HF-fed TLR4 WT mice but not HF-fed TLR4~(?/?) mice exhibited macrophage invasion in pancreatic island. Taken together, our data indicated that HF diet-induced obesity can stimulate the up-regulation of TLR4 locating on the surface of pancreatic beta cell, and subsequently lead to the recruitment of macrophage into pancreatic islet, which finally results in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. This process is a possible mechanism involved in obesity-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction.
Non-invasive metabolomic profiling of Day 3 embryo culture media using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess the development potential of embryos

The success rate and multiple pregnancy rate are two important issues emerging in assisted reproductive technology cycles. It is usually used to increase the number of embryos; however, it increases the risk of multiple pregnancies. Therefore, the key point to improve the success rate is to select the best-quality embryos. Currently, noninvasive embryo selection emerges which is primarily based on morphological criteria, such as pronuclear morphology, appearance of much fragmentation, and multinucleation of blastomeres and unequal-sized blastomeres by light microscopy analysis. Although it is easy and convenient to obtain data by using these morphological criteria which are known to contribute to pregnancy outcomes, they have limited predictive value for ongoing pregnancy and the accuracy to select embryos of high reproductive potential almost depends on the experience of embryologist. Therefore, new selection techniques are needed.
跌倒预防护理信息系统的设计与应用

医院信息系统的建设在医疗改革过程中扮演着相当重要的角色。而随着医院信息系统的发展，护理信息系统的建设也在积极开展。因此如何正确设计出有效、易操作的护理信息系统，不仅直接影响护理人员，更间接影响到护理质量。美国护理信息系统发展历史至今已经有40余年，不仅发展得早，就深度与前瞻性而言，皆处于国际领先地位。2010年底，Dykes博士等人简单介绍了一个由团队开发的跌倒预防护理信息系统。这个系统将循证的要求巧妙地设计到信息系统中，让护理人员不仅可以快速、有效地完成跌倒风险评估与照护工作，同时也提供了有效预防跌倒的床边信息，达到了提高照护质量的管理目标。本文旨在详细介绍此护理信息系统的开发与设计过程，为我国护理信息系统的发展提供参考。
静脉穿刺皮肤消毒剂临床应用研究进展

通过静脉穿刺采血或给药是临床常用的诊疗手段。但是静脉穿刺破坏人体的天然屏障，病原微生物可进入循环血流中，形成导管相关性血流感染（Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection，CRBSI）。正常人皮肤表面有大量细菌定植，分为暂驻菌与常驻菌。暂驻菌种植在皮肤上皮层，通过普通清洗可以去除；常驻菌居住在皮肤角质层上皮细胞下面，也可以在皮肤表面发现，不容易去除。通常常驻菌很少与感染有关，但可以在无菌体腔、眼睛或非完整皮肤内引起感染。在穿刺皮肤时，皮肤表面的细菌会被推至导管内段及尖端成为定植菌，这是引起CRBSI 的一种途径[1-2]。研究发现，导管相关性血流感染可影响患者的治疗成效，包括住院时间增多、病死率增加及医疗成本增加。血流感染所引起的病死率大约占所有医源性感染的30%，而以1000个导管留置日统计大约是（2.8 ～ 12.8)/1000导管日。因此，静脉穿刺前选择正确的皮肤消毒方法及消毒剂，可减少导管相关性血流感染的发生。
生物材料、生长因子和神经细胞用于周围神经损伤修复

周围神经损伤是创伤的一个常见问题,占创伤患者中的2.8%,常导致运动、感觉功能的完全丧失,严重影响患者的生活质量。神经损伤后如果没有及时治疗功能恢复往往较差,而这种时间上的延误在临床上经常发生,尤其是当横断伤的两断端之间的距离较长时,神经再生效果极差。神经发生横断伤后,在细胞和分子水平都会发生一系列的变化:在24 h内,许多轴突分解为颗粒状或无固定形态的碎片;在48 h,髓鞘开始分解为小碎片。巨噬细胞和单核细胞迁移到退化变性的神经远端以清除髓鞘和轴突碎片。与此同时,施旺细胞进行活跃的分裂,细胞数量大大增加,彼此嵌合形成一条多核的合胞体索。反应性施旺细胞形成新的有皱褶而又连续的基膜,在细胞和基膜之间形成许多细胞外小管(神经膜管),同时分泌层粘连蛋白、纤维连接蛋白、胶原蛋白以及硫酸乙酰肝素等胞外基质支持神经纤维的再生。在施旺细胞分泌的生长因子和细胞外基质的影响下,横断的神经近端能生成由层粘连蛋白包被的轴突。自体神经移植是目前临床上治疗周围神经损伤的标准方法。供体神经来源于功能上相对不重要的腓神经、肌皮神经、前臂内侧皮神经等。但是自体神经移植存在较多缺点:供体神经功能的缺失,形成潜在的神经瘤;供体神经和受体神经在结构上不匹配等。近年来,人们通过组织工程构建人工神经导管(nerve guide conduits,NGCs)以促进神经功能的修复,生物材料、生长因子、神经细胞是构建组织工程人工神经导管的三个基本要素。
以执业医师技能考试为导向的毕业考试改革与实践

临床医学本科毕业综合考试是对毕业实习过程中的临床操作技能、疾病诊治能力、医疗文书及医学论文的书写能力等的掌握情况进行有效评价和考核,同时又能反映实习医院教学质量,充分发挥毕业考试对临床实习的导向、评价作用,引导学生在临床实践中积极主动地学习。近年来,本校对毕业考试的内容、方法进行了改革,结合执业医师考试大纲要求,变原来的一次性理论考试为多站点综合性考试。现将近几年来改革结果报道如下。
Innovative coupler design based on a tapered light pipe with lens

Natural light illumination system (NLIS) generates increasing research interest because of the recent trend toward green energy. Various crucial optical components used in a NLIS are analyzed, designed, and fabricated to obtain high efficiency. A large amount of light is loss because of the large viewing angle during light transmission. A tapered light pipe (TLP) is used to collimate light viewing angles. In this letter, we combine a TLP and a traditional lens as a new coupler based on Etendue theory. The original efficiency is only 17.54%, but the efficiency reaches more than 70% when the new coupler is applied.
Consistency proof of two denoising methods and the parameter selection of PDE filtering method for ESPI

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a nondestructive, whole-field optical measurement technique. The removal of speckle noise is fundamental to extract measurement information accurately. In this letter, two filtering methods based on the oriented feature of ESPI fringes, i.e., the second-order oriented partial differential equation (SOOPDE) and oriented, regularized quadratic-cost function filtering methods, are first proven to be consistent. An important question in solving partial differential equation, i.e., how to select suitable parameters in an adaptive manner, is then discussed. The computer-simulated and experimentally obtained ESPI fringe patterns and phase map are processed by the SOOPDE filtering model with adaptive selective parameters. The qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrate that the parameters selected by the adaptive method are effective and suitable for the SOOPDE filtering model.
腰椎内固定术后深部感染的治疗

[目的]探讨保留内置物、清创联合闭式冲洗引流术治疗腰椎内固定术后深部感染的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2008年1月~2012年6月本科收治的腰椎术后深部感染6例患者,均于术后7 d内出现腰部疼痛、发热,伴有炎性指标的升高,均采用保留内置物,彻底清创后给予持续闭式冲洗引流2 ~3周,按细菌培养结果应用敏感抗生素抗炎治疗。[结果]清创后患者体温下降,疼痛缓解,血常规迅速恢复正常,血沉和C反应蛋白明显下降,切口顺利愈合,平均随访16.2个月,X线片显示腰椎植骨融合,内置物得以保留,JOA评分改善率为77%。[结论]对于早期发现的腰椎内固定术后深部感染病例,进行彻底清创,术后采用闭式冲洗引流,选用敏感抗生素抗炎治疗,是一种有效的治疗方法。
读片窗

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤(dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor，DNET)是一种混合性神经元神经胶质肿瘤，由Daumas等于1988年首先提出。其总结了39例DNET患者资料，认为其最好发于颞叶(62%)、额叶(31%)，其次位于顶枕叶，其他少见部位有基底核区、脑干、小脑等。肿瘤多位于皮质或皮质下，以儿童及青少年多见，男性稍多于女性，90%的患者在20岁前出现症状，最常见者临床症状为难治性癫痫。DNET术后预后良好，一般无需放、化疗。DNET的术前诊断主要依靠影像学检查，其CT平扫多呈较均匀低密度占位，边界较清，瘤周无明显水肿，钙化、出血少见，肿瘤实质多无明显强化。MRI对DNET的诊断有重要意义，通常表现为T_1WI上病灶外形呈不甚规则的多结节融合呈"脑回"状或局部脑回不同程度扩大呈"皂泡"样隆起,多为等低混杂低信号，典型者可见多小囊状更低信号区，T_2WI为混杂高信号。瘤内有时可见等信号分隔。FLAIR像上病灶边缘有稍高信号环影，即"环征"，为DNET的特异性影像学表现（但本例未见此现象）。绝大多数病例无明显占位效应，瘤周水肿亦较轻，增强扫描亦无明显强化。
肝癌预后与血清α-藻糖苷酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平的关系

α-藻糖苷酶(AFU)是存在于哺乳动物体内的一种溶酶体酸性水解酶,主要参与含岩藻糖基的糖蛋白、糖脂及黏多糖等生物活性大分子的分解代谢,以往的研究已经证实血清AFU水平可以用作早期诊断原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的标志物。γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)是一种广泛存在于肾、肝、胰腺、肠等组织中的膜结合蛋白。临床主要用以辅助甲胎蛋白(AFP)诊断HCC,也有报道证实GGT水平可以作为接受介入治疗(TACE)的HCC患者预后的预测因子。我们分析664例经手术治疗的HCC患者的预后,采用单因素分析及COX多因素回归分析试图阐明术前AFU和GGT水平与HCC患者预后的关系。
Synthesis of a novel diether-ester conjugated model compound for electron donors of the polypropylene catalysts

A novel diether-ester conjugated electron donor model compound, 1,3-dimethoxypropan-2-yl benzoate, was synthesized via a reaction of 1,3-dimethoxypropan-2-ol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine and 4-dimethylaminopryidine. Compared to the known routes of preparing diethers, which usually employ the reactions to O-alkylate the corresponding diols with O-alkylating reagents, the presented method here provides a new way to prepare the diether electron donor compounds. It avoids employing the traditional O-alkylation reactions, so that highly toxic O-alkylating chemicals, such as iodomethane, and very strong basic deprotonating reagents, such as alkoxides or metal hydrides, are not required. The product can be obtained in high yields without complicated purification processes. Catalyst component containing the electron donor compound was prepared and used to catalyze propylene polymerization.
腹膜后Castleman病并肾损害一例

讨论Castleman病(Castleman'sdisease,CD)又称巨大淋巴结增生症,是一种罕见的良性淋巴组织增生性疾病,病因未明,不分性别,可发生于任何年龄。病变主要累及淋巴组织,偶可波及结外组织,纵隔占65%,颈部16%,腹部12%,腋部3%。
Notch信号通路抑制剂对白蛋白诱导的肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

持续蛋白尿促进肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化,诱导肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,从而加速肾脏疾病的进展,然而具体机制目前尚未完全阐明。Notch信号通路进化高度保守,广泛参与调控细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等功能。研究发现,y分泌酶抑制剂(DAPT)通过阻断Notch通路阻止氧化应激诱导的鼠小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)凋亡。本研究旨在探讨DAPT在白蛋白诱导的肾小管上皮细胞凋亡中的保护作用,并进一步阐明其作用的分子机制。
幼儿多发颅骨尤文氏肉瘤一例

讨论EWS又称未分化网状细胞瘤,是一种少见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,多见于青少年男性,发病高峰为5 ~ 13岁。EWS好发于四肢长骨的骨干,以股骨、胫骨及肱骨最多见,原发于颅骨者罕见,仅占所有EWS的1%。颅骨EWS相对好发于额顶部,多为单发,目前鲜见多发病例报道。颅骨EWS 的主要症状为间歇性头痛,局部肿胀,可扪及肿块,约25%患者可伴有发热、血白细胞增多、血沉增快、食欲不振、消瘦等症状。其影像学特点比较典型:早期受累的髓腔中心呈小斑点状或斑片状溶骨性破坏区,X线呈鼠咬状外观,随着病变区溶骨破坏逐渐增多,并逐渐出现骨膜反应,可呈“洋葱皮” 样或“日光放射”样表现。EWS对放疗较为敏感,但由于其恶性程度高、病程短、转移快,单纯采用手术、放疗、单药化疗,效果均不理想,绝大多数患者在2年内死亡,5年生存率不超过10%。近年来采用放疗加化疗或加手术的综合治疗方法,使局限性EWS 5年存活率提高到75%以上。
罗颂平治疗排卵障碍性不孕经验

从4个方面总结罗颂平教授治疗排卵障碍性不孕的经验及特色：①不孕重在调经；②重视中医生殖轴的调节；③衷中参西，多法并用；④不忘心理疏导。并附典型医案1则，介绍其治疗排卵障碍性不孕临证思维及辨证特点。
从辨证思维探讨中医证候量表存在的问题及对策

认为运用证候量表进行临床研究，能够总结证候的基本特征和共性规律，对证候的客观化、标准化、现代化有着重要意义。同时也发现，证候量表存在先入为主的经验框架、症状体征真假难辨、兼夹证候及相关要素容易遗漏、个体化诊疗特点易于削弱等问题，在一定程度上影响证候研究的真实性、可靠性，并提出三点对策。
UPLC-ELSD 法测定芪白平肺胶囊中黄芪甲苷

目的建立芪白平肺胶囊(黄芪、人参、川芎、地龙、五味子、葶苈子和薤白)中黄芪甲苷的UPLC-ELSD 测定方法,并以黄芪甲苷为指标,评价该制剂的提取工艺。方法应用半仿生(SBE)与水提(WE)法对芪白平肺胶囊进行提取,采用超高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器(UPLC-ELSD)测定不同提取方法中黄芪甲苷的量,以此为指标,评价两种提取方法的优劣; 色谱条件Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm × 500 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱; 乙腈- 水(33 ∶ 67)为流动相; 体积流量为0.3 mL/min; 柱温30 ℃; ELSD 参数:漂移管温度为80 ℃。结果黄芪甲苷在1.08 ~ 2.43 μg 范围内呈良好的线性关系(r = 0.999 9,n = 6),平均加样回收率为99.05 %,RSD 为0.58%,应用UPLC-ELSD 法测定两种不同提取方法的黄芪甲苷含量分别为0.284 8 mg /mL,0.236 0 mg /mL。结论该方法中流动相乙腈-水的比例适合于芪白平肺胶囊中黄芪甲苷的测定。
喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地及其鼠疫菌基因组多态性

喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地分布在我国青海、四川、西藏、甘肃和新疆5个省份,面积超过69万km~2,约占我国活跃鼠疫疫源地面积的50%。有研究表明,青藏高原地区菌株的遗传多样性非常广泛,鼠疫菌的最古老分支也分离于该地区,提示青藏高原很可能是鼠疫菌的发源地。代瑞霞等报道了青海省鼠疫菌分离株的生态学特征,其研究结果对理解鼠疫菌物种的遗传多态性和进化规律具有重要意义。
儿童化学灼伤致幽门梗阻七例疗效分析

针对化学灼伤致瘢痕性幽门梗阻采用幽门成形术、空肠造瘘术,目的是以最小的创伤、最短的时间、保存幽门括约肌存在的情况下,解决胃出口狭窄,尽快恢复患儿正常饮食,保证营养物质摄取及生长发育。本组病例最长仅随访3年,虽疗效较好,5年、10年或更长的时间疗效如何;采用此手术方式术后出现的并发症虽不多,但病例数较少,随访时间短,有待进一步长期观察、积累资料并改进治疗方法。
Mutual regulation between Hippo signaling and actin cytoskeleton

Hippo signaling plays a crucial role in growth control and tumor suppression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. How Hippo signaling is regulated has been under extensive investigation. Over the past three years, an increasing amount of data have supported a model of actin cytoskeleton blocking Hippo signaling activity to allow nuclear accumulation of a downstream effector, Yki/Yap/Taz. On the other hand, Hippo signaling negatively regulates actin cytoskeleton organization. This review provides insight on the mutual regulatory mechanisms between Hippo signaling and actin cytoskeleton for a tight control of cell behaviors during animal development, and points out outstanding questions for further investigations.
Crystal structures of the two membrane-proximal Ig-like domains (D3D4) of LILRB1/B2: alternative models for their involvement in peptide-HLA binding

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs), also called CD85s, ILTs, or LIRs, are important mediators of immune activation and tolerance that contain tandem immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds. There are 11 (in addition to two pseudogenes) LILRs in total, two with two Ig-like domains (D1D2) and the remaining nine with four Ig-like domains (D1D2D3D4). Thus far, the structural features of the D1D2 domains of LILR proteins are well defined, but no structures for the D3D4 domains have been reported. This is a very important field to be studied as it relates to the unknown functions of the D3D4 domains, as well as their relative orientation to the D1D2 domains on the cell surface. Here, we report the crystal structures of the D3D4 domains of both LILRB1 and LILRB2. The two Iglike domains of both LILRB1-D3D4 and LILRB2-D3D4 are arranged at an acute angle (～60°) to form a bent structure, resembling the structures of natural killer inhibitory receptors. Based on these two D3D4 domain structures and previously reported D1D2/HLA I complex structures, two alternative models of full-length (four Ig-like domains) LILR molecules bound to HLA I are proposed.
An open conformation determined by a structural switch for 2A protease from coxsackievirus A16

Coxsackievirus A16 belongs to the family Picornaviridae, and is a major agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease that infects mostly children, and to date no vaccines or antiviral therapies are available. 2A protease of enterovirus is a nonstructural protein and possesses both self-cleavage activity and the ability to cleave the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. Here we present the crystal structure of coxsackievirus A16 2A protease, which interestingly forms hexamers in crystal as well as in solution. This structure shows an open conformation, with its active site accessible, ready for substrate binding and cleavage activity. In conjunction with a previously reported “closed” state structure of human rhinovirus 2, we were able to develop a detailed hypothesis for the conformational conversion triggered by two “switcher” residues Glu88 and Tyr89 located within the bll2-cII loop. Substrate recognition assays revealed that amino acid residues P1′, P2 and P4 are essential for substrate specificity, which was verified by our substrate binding model. In addition, we compared the in vitro cleavage efficiency of 2A proteases from coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 upon the same substrates by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and observed higher protease activity of enterovirus 71 compared to that of coxsackievirus A16. In conclusion, our study shows an open conformation of coxsackievirus A16 2A protease and the underlying mechanisms for conformational conversion and substrate specificity. These new insights should facilitate the future rational design of efficient 2A protease inhibitors.