mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Global prioritisation of renewable nitrogen for biodiversity conservation and food security

The continuing use of petrochemicals in mineral nitrogen (N) production may be affected by supply or cost issues and climate agreements. Without mineral N, a larger area of cropland is required to produce the same amount of food, impacting biodiversity. Alternative N sources include solar and wind to power the Haber-Bosch process, and the organic options such as green manures, marine algae and aquatic azolla. Solar power was the most land-efficient renewable source of N, with using a tenth as much land as wind energy, and at least 100th as much land as organic sources of N. In this paper, we developed a decision tree to locate these different sources of N at a global scale, or the first time taking into account their spatial footprint and the impact on terrestrial biodiversity while avoiding impact on albedo and cropland, based on global resource and impact datasets. This produced relatively few areas suitable for solar power in the western Americas, central southern Africa, eastern Asia and southern Australia, with areas most suited to wind at more extreme latitudes. Only about 2% of existing solar power stations are in very suitable locations. In regions such as coastal north Africa and central Asia where solar power is less accessible due to lack of farm income, green manures could be used, however, due to their very large spatial footprint only a small area of low productivity and low biodiversity was suitable for this option. Europe in particular faces challenges because it has access to a relatively small area which is suitable for solar or wind power. If we are to make informed decisions about the sourcing of alternative N supplies in the future, and our energy supply more generally, a decision-making mechanism is needed to take global considerations into account in regional land-use planning.
Modeling the effects of land-use optimization on the soil organic carbon sequestration potential

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is not only an efficient method to address climate change problems but also a useful way to improve land productivity. It has been reported by many studies that land-use changes can significantly influence the sequestration of SOC. However, the SOC sequestration potential (SOCP, the difference between the saturation and the existing content of SOC) caused by land-use change, and the effects of land-use optimization on the SOCP are still not well understood. In this research, we modeled the effects of land-use optimization on SOCP in Beijing. We simulated three land-use optimization scenarios (uncontrolled scenario, scale control scenario, and spatial restriction scenario) and assessed their effects on SOCP. The total SOCP (0–20 cm) in Beijing in 2010 was estimated as 23.82 Tg C or 18.27 t C/ha. In the uncontrolled scenario, the built-up land area of Beijing would increase by 951 km~2 from 2010 to 2030, and the SOCP would decrease by 1.73 Tg C. In the scale control scenario, the built-up land area would decrease by 25 km~2 and the SOCP would increase by 0.07 Tg C from 2010 to 2030. Compared to the uncontrolled scenario, the SOCP in 2030 of Beijing would increase by 0.77 Tg C or 0.64 t C/ha in the spatial restriction scenario. This research provides evidence to guide planning authorities in conducting land-use optimization strategies and estimating their effects on the carbon sequestration function of land-use systems.
Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world's finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10~4 km~2 between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×10~4 km~2) and India (0.57×10~4 km~2). China decreased 1.95×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×10~4 km~2) and Thailand (–0.22×10~4 km~2). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic-focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China' “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.
Spatio-temporal differences and factors influencing intensive cropland use in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

This study developed a comprehensive system to evaluate the intensity of cropland use and evolution of cropland use in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Delphi-entropy methods were adopted to determine the weight of the index, and the GeoDetector model was established to explore the influencing factors. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The intensity of inputs, degree of utilization, and production increased continuously, but the intensity of continuous conditions experienced an overall decline followed by a rebound towards the end of the study period. The number of counties with high and moderately high intensity increased by 56.8% and 14.6%, respectively, from 1996 to 2011. The number of counties with moderately low and low intensity declined by 35.9 % and 11.9 %, respectively. Areas with significant increases in intensity were mainly distributed in northeast Hebei Province, northwest Shandong Province, and north Jiangsu Province. The intensity is high in northern Jiangsu and Anhui; the output effect remained above moderate intensity mainly near Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, and counties in the suburbs of Shijiazhuang. (2) Natural disasters, elevation, slope, and road networks were the main factors influencing the intensity of cropland use in this region, with influence values of 0.158, 0.143, 0.129, and 0.054, respectively. Areas with moderately high and high levels of intensity were distributed in low-lying areas. Uneven distribution of precipitation, seasonal drought, and flood disasters can directly affect the stability index of croplands and reduce the intensity of cropland use. Developed road networks are associated with moderately high intensity. Our results suggest recommendations such as promoting agricultural intensification and large-scale management, promoting the construction of road networks, improving early warning systems for drought and flood disasters, and promoting moderate and intensive use of arable land, and focusing on restoration and sustainable use of cropland.
Anomalous residual austenite formation in root of welding layers of 9% Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint

The morphology and distribution of residual austenite in the welded zone of 9% Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint were observed by color metallographic method. Moreover, the details of the distribution, shape, length, length-to-width ratio, and the content of residual austenite in each welding layer were systematically characterized using Image-Pro Plus image analysis software. Different from the techniques such as X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and electron backscatter diffraction that only involve the content of residual austenite, color metallographic method can offer much more details of the residual austenite, including the location, shape, size, and content, helping evaluate the overall characteristics of the residual austenite produced in the weld. It is interesting that a large amount of block-like and film-like residual austenite was found in the root of each welding layer, while rare at the top. The area fraction of residual austenite located in this zone was approximately 7.5% compared with only 0.5% at the top. In addition, the average area, length, and length-to-width ratio of dispersed residual austenite were quantitatively evaluated to be (4.7 ± 0.6) lm~2, (5.1 ± 0.6) lm, and (1.1 ± 0.1) lm, respectively. This variety of residual austenite was resulted from the tempering effect by latter welding layer on the previous one and different cooling rates in these two regions during the welding process.
深入研究汶川地震,推进地震科学发展

2008年5月12日汶川地震造成了极其巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,但灾后救援和重建中所铸就的“万众一心、众志成城,不畏艰险、百折不挠,以人为本、尊重科学”的伟大抗震救灾精神,将永远激励中华民族在复兴之路上砥砺前行.从地震科学的发展历史来看,每一次重大进展都是通过对灾难性地震事件的深入研究所推动的.在汶川地震发生十周年之际,《科学通报》组织“纪念汶川地震十周年”专题,集中发表汶川地震相关的研究成果,就是为了充分利用汶川地震留下的珍贵科学资料,进行持续和深入研究,推进地震科学向更高的层次发展,同时也是为了汲取汶川地震的经验教训,提高防震减灾水平,最终造福于人类社会.
Geochemistry, geochronology and Hf isotope of granitoids in the Chinese Altai: Implications for Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Chinese Altai in northwestern Xinjiang has numerous outcrops of granitoids which provide critical information on accretionary orogenic processes and crustal growth of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Zircon U-Pb ages, Hf-isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemistry of monzogranite and granodiorites in the Qinghe County are employed to elucidate Paleozoic tectonics of the Chinese Altai. Granodiorites have crystallization ages of 424.6 ± 3.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.23) and 404.0 ± 3.4 Ma (MSWD = 0.18); monzogranite was emplaced in the early Permian with a crystallization age of 293.7 ± 4.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.06). Both granodiorites and monzogranite are I-type granites with A/CNK ratios of 0.92e0.97 and 1.03e1.06, respectively. They also show similar geochemical features of high HREE and Y contents, low Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios, as well as enrichment of Cs, Rb, Th and U, and depletion of Nb, Ta, P and Ti. These geochemical features indicate that the monzogranite and granodiorites were formed in an arc setting related to subduction. The gneissic monzogranites display high SiO_2 and K_2O contents, and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. In the chondrite normalized REE distribution pattern, the monzogranite samples exhibit enrichment of LREE with strong negative Eu anomalies (dEu = 0.44-0.53), zircon εHf(t) values from +7.24 to +12.63 and two-stage Hf model ages of 463-740 Ma. This suggests that the monzogranite was generated from the mixing of pelitic and mantle material. The granodiorite samples are calc-alkaline granites with lower contents of SiO_2 and Na_2O + K_2O, higher contents of TiO_2, Fe_2O_3 t, MgO and CaO compared to the monzogranite samples. They also show enrichment of LREE and moderate negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.54-0.81), as well as slightly higher differentiation of LREE than that of HREE. The 425 Ma granodiorite has zircon εHf(t) values from -0.51 to +1.98 and two-stage Hf model ages of 1133 -1240 Ma, whereas the 404 Ma granodiorite displays those of +2.52 to +7.50 and 816-1071 Ma. Geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that granodiorites were formed by partial melting of juvenile lower crust. Together with regional geology and previous data, the geochemical and geochronological data of the monzogranite and granodiorites from this study suggest long-lived subduction and accretion along the Altai Orogen during ca. 425e294 Ma.
剪切波弹性成像技术在骨骼肌及周围神经系统的应用研究进展

肌肉、肌腱及神经的损伤在运动医学领域普遍存在,而损伤后的早期诊断与及时处理对其功能的恢复尤为重要,传统的X线、CT及二维超声等检查技术仅在肌腱韧带及肌肉发生明显形态学改变时做出诊断,而无法早期评估其机械力学特性,往往错过最佳诊疗时机.磁共振成象(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术在诊断肌肉及韧带的损伤中有较高的敏感度及特异度,但因其昂贵的检查费用,较难动态随访观察[1-3].近年来,超声弹性成像作为一种无创评价组织器官硬度的新技术已逐步在乳腺、甲状腺、前列腺及肝脏等组织器官广泛开展应用,且目前已有部分研究表明其在肌肉骨骼及神经系统同样有较好的诊断价值,尤其剪切波弹性成像(shear wave elastography,SWE)能够早期、定量、多次重复评价肌肉、韧带及肌腱组织的生物机械力学特性,为临床及早发现和指导后期康复锻炼提供可靠依据.本文就SWE目前在骨骼肌及神经系统方面的研究及应用做一综述.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using Genetic Algorithm for the Rule Set Production (GARP) model

Investigation on landslide phenomenon is necessary for understanding and delineating the landslide prone and safer places for different land use practices.On this basis,a new model known as genetic algorithm for the rule set production was applied in order to assess its efficacy to obtain a better result and a more precise landslide susceptibility map in Klijanerestagh area of Iran.This study considered twelve landslide conditioning factors (LCF) like altitude,slope,aspect,plan curvature,profile curvature,topographic wetness index (TWI),distance from rivers,faults,and roads,land use/cover,and lithology.For modeling purpose,the Genetic Algorithm for the Rule Set Production (GARP) algorithm was applied in order to produce the landslide susceptibility map.Finally,to evaluate the efficacy of the GARP model,receiver operating characteristics curve as well as the Kappa index were employed.Based on these indices,the GARP model predicted the probability of future landslide incidences with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) values of 0.932,and 0.907 for training and validating datasets,respectively.In addition,Kappa values for the training and validating datasets were computed as 0.775,and 0.716,respectively.Thus,it can be concluded that the GARP algorithm can be a new but effective method for generating landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs).Furthermore,higher contribution of the lithology,distance from roads,and distance from faults was observed,while lower contribution was attributed to soil,profile curvature,and TWI factors.The introduced methodology in this paper can be suggested for other areas with similar topographical and hydrogeological characteristics for land use planning and reducing the landslide damages.
Modelling sediment delivery using connectivity components at the experimental SPA2 basin,Sicily (Italy)

Sediment delivery ratio can be used as a measure of sediment connectivity and it can be linked to the structural connectivity (morphological unit,slope length,slope steepness,travel time) of a basin and to the functional connectivity (rainfall-runoff processes at morphological unit scale).In this paper the sediment connectivity approach was applied at basin scale both using Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model,which takes into account the hillslope sediment transport,and sediment yield measurements carried out at SPA2 experimental basin (Sicily,Italy).The expression of the sediment delivery ratio SDRi of a morphological unit was modified for highlighting two components corresponding to the structural (SDRL,i) and functional (SDRF,i) sediment connectivity,respectively.For SPA2 basin the frequency distribution of the travel time of each morphological unit was used to estimate the coefficient β_L of the structural component of the sediment delivery ratio of each morphological unit.Then,using the sediment yield measurements carried out at the outlet of the experimental SPA2 basin in the period April 2000-March 2015,the SEDD model was calibrated at event scale for estimating the coefficient β_F of the functional component of the sediment delivery ratio.At event scale the developed analysis stated that the functional connectivity is dependent on the magnitude of erosion events.Intermediate and high events,which were characterized by the lowest values of the functional coefficient,determine a more high functional connectivity and are characterized by a more efficient sediment transport along the hillslopes.Finally,at annual scale,the model was calibrated for the period 2000-2015 and relationships for estimating the coefficient β_(F,a) of the functional component of the sediment delivery ratio taking into account the intensity of erosion events occurring in each year were determined.At annual scale,the analysis demonstrated that the functional coefficient was always greater than the landscape coefficient and the sediment connectivity was always controlled by the low values of the functional component.
Molecular Characterization and Expression and DNA Methylation Analyses of a Galectin-Related Protein Gene from Cynoglossus semilaevis

Galectins, a family of ß-galactoside-binding proteins, participate in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. This study identified one novel galectin-related protein from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, which was designated as CsGRP. The full-length cDNA of its encoding gene was 785 bp in length with a 528 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids. The deduced CsGRP contained a putative 131-aa galactoside-binding lectin domain and 3 critical residues responsible for carbohydrate binding(R~(93), W~(109) and R~(114)). Genomic structural analysis revealed that CsGRP consisted of five exons and four introns. CsGRP showed 68% similarity with Poecilia latipinna GRP and 67% similarity with Stegastes partitus GRP. CsGRP showed the highest expression level in liver, although its expression was detected in all tested tissues. When challenged with Vibrio harveyi, the expression of CsGRP was significantly down-regulated in liver(P < 0.05). In addition, we found that in spleen and kidney of C. semilaevis, the CpG island of CsGRP showed significantly higher(P < 0.05) methylation level in disease-resistant family of C. semilaevis(DR-Cs) than in disease-susceptible ones(DS-Cs). Our results suggested that CsGRP may play important roles in the immune response of C. semilaevis. Moreover, DNA methylation patterns provided valuable data for understanding the relationship between epigenetic regulation and immunity, which would assist the animal genetic research and improve the animal breeding in the future.
Estimation of S-wave Velocity for Gas Hydrate Reservoir in the Shenhu Area, North South China Sea

Estimation of S-wave velocity using logging data has mainly been performed for sandstone, mudstone and oil and gas strata, while its application to hydrate reservoirs has been largely overlooked. In this paper we present petrophysical methods to estimate the S-wave velocity of hydrate reservoirs with the P-wave velocity and the density as constraints. The three models used in this paper are an equivalent model(MBGL), a three-phase model(TPBE), and a thermo-elasticity model(TEM). The MBGL model can effectively describe the internal relationship among the components of the rock, and the estimated P-wave velocities are in good agreement with the measured data(2.8% error). However, in the TPBE model, the solid, liquid and gas phases are considered to be independent of each other, and the estimation results are relatively low(46.6% error). The TEM model is based on the sensitivity of the gas hydrate to temperature and pressure, and the accuracy of the estimation results is also high(3.6% error). Before the estimation, the occurrence patterns of hydrates in the Shenhu area were examined, and occurrence state one(the hydrate is in solid form in the reservoir) was selected for analysis. By using the known P-wave velocity and density as constraints, a reasonable S-wave velocity value(ranging from 400 to 1100 m s~(-1) and for a hydrate layer of 1100 m s~(-1)) can be obtained through multiple iterations. These methods and results provide new data and technical support for further research on hydrates and other geological features in the Shenhu area.
Improvement of Wired Drill Pipe Data Quality via Data Validation and Reconciliation

Wired drill pipe (WDP) technology is one of the most promising data acquisition technologies in todays oil and gas industry. For the first time it allows sensors to be positioned along the drill string which enables collecting and transmitting valuable data not only from the bottom hole assembly (BHA), but also along the entire length of the wellbore to the drill floor. The technology has received industry acceptance as a viable alternative to the typical logging while drilling (LWD) method. Recently more and more WDP applications can be found in the challenging drilling environments around the world, leading to many innovations to the industry. Nevertheless most of the data acquired from WDP can be noisy and in some circumstances of very poor quality. Diverse factors contribute to the poor data quality. Most common sources include mis-calibrated sensors, sensor drifting, errors during data transmission, or some abnormal conditions in the well, etc. The challenge of improving the data quality has attracted more and more focus from many researchers during the past decade. This paper has proposed a promising solution to address such challenge by making corrections of the raw WDP data and estimating unmeasurable parameters to reveal downhole behaviors. An advanced data processing method, data validation and reconciliation (DVR) has been employed, which makes use of the redundant data from multiple WDP sensors to filter/remove the noise from the measurements and ensures the coherence of all sensors and models. Moreover it has the ability to distinguish the accurate measurements from the inaccurate ones. In addition, the data with improved quality can be used for estimating some crucial parameters in the drilling process which are unmeasurable in the first place, hence provide better model calibrations for integrated well planning and realtime operations.
A 3D-printed Robot Hand with Three Linkage-driven Underactuated Fingers

In this study, we improved an underactuated finger mechanism by using Solidworks to simulate the grasp operation of a finger in some different situations. In addition, a robot palm is designed for the three-finger robot hand with the designed underactuated fingers. A Solidworks simulation was used to verify the rationality of the design. Some parts of the hand were modified to fit for 3D printing, and a prototype of the hand was produced by 3D printing, which could reduce the cost of the production process, as well as provide design flexibility and other advantages. Finally, some grasping experiments were made with the prototype. The results showed that the robot could grasp objects with different sizes, and further verified the rationality of the design and feasibility of fabricating the robot hand using 3D printing.
我国制造业与互联网融合量化评价与政策研究

深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院一系列关于推动制造业创新发展的重要文件精神,势必需要全方位、多视角探究我国制造业与互联网融合发展现状、重点及趋势。详尽分析制造业与互联网融合内涵与特征,研究构建关键评价指标框架,并基于中国两化融合服务平台上8万余家企业数据开展量化分析。结果表明,我国制造业与互联网融合步伐不断加快,“双创”平台建设、新模式新业态培育和新型工业基础体系构建取得显著成效。同时,围绕发展过程中的重点和难点,有针对性地提出发展建议。
柑橘小型化分级装备的设计及实现

针对工厂流水线形式的柑橘分级作业不便于多次转场作业的问题,采用产品模块化设计方法,设计开发了一种小型化的柑橘分级装备。对分级装备进行三维模型的建立,加工制造了整机装备的分级样机,介绍了分级控制系统和视觉系统的实现过程。最后,以脐橙为对象,进行了分级装备的准确性和可靠性的验证,基本满足分级作业要求。
基于IOT技术的智能香薰控制系统

随着信息智能化的发展,对香薰机控制有多样化的设计,但缺乏智能调控及远程监控。因此,设计出一种基于IOT技术的智能香薰控制系统,本系统以STM32F107VC为核心控制器,利用传感器模块对周围环境进行检测,通过无线ESP-8266 WIFI模块将数据传至云端。在数据层中采用云端存储技术进行数据管理与处理,底层采用关系型数据库多节点。实现对环境实时数据采集,并通过APP移动端根据预先IOT技术进行智能调控;经实验,该系统具有操作简单、智能调控等优点,具有一定的市场使用价值。
克服临床惯性 提升抗凝治疗的管理水平

抗凝疗法是动静脉血栓性疾病治疗和预防的主要手段,尤其是口服抗凝剂(OAC)的长期应用对这些疾病的防治至关重要。我国需要抗凝治疗的患者群体庞大且逐年增加,2002年首次房颤流行病学调查指南数据显示我国房颤患者超过800万,接受心脏瓣膜置换患者超过200万,静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism, VTE),包括深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)和肺栓塞,发病率为每年0.269%。每年非瓣膜性房颤患者缺血性卒中发生风险为5%,长期有效的抗凝治疗可以使卒中的相对风险降低64%。Naess等对挪威1995至2001年发生静脉血栓的94 194例患者的研究结果显示,VTE病死率11.3%,无诱因肺栓塞10年累计复发率达32%,20年高达44%,抗凝治疗可降低80% ~ 90% VTE再发风险。机械瓣膜置换患者需终生抗凝治疗,而瓣膜置换术后所有并发症中抗凝治疗不当导致的出血与栓塞占75%。充分、有效、安全的抗凝治疗对于减少血栓性疾病患者出血、血栓形成、血栓复发、脑卒中等心脑血管事件,提高患者生存率意义重大。然而,在抗凝治疗的真实世界,临床惯性(clinical inertia )严重制约着抗凝治疗率和达标率。