mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Prediction of Gibbs Free Energies of Formation for Crystalline a-MOOH and a-M_2O_3 Based on a Linear Free-Energy Relationship

In the present study,the modified Sverjensky-Molling equation,derived from a linear-free energy relationship,is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of a-MOOH (with a goethite structure)and a-M_2O_3 (with a hematite structure)from the known thermodynamic properties of the corresponding aqueous trivalent cations (M~(3+)).The modified equation is expressed as △G 0fM vx=ax△GMMG 3++bMvx+βMvxYM~(3+),where the coefficients aMVx,bMvx,and βMvx characterize a particular structural family of MvX (M is a trivalent cation [M~(3+)] and X represents the remainder of the composition of solid); y~(3+)is the ionic radius of trivalent cations (M~(3+)); △G MVX is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MvX; and △G n0,M~(3+)is the non-solvation energy of trivalent cations (M~(3+)).By fitting the equation to the known experimental thermodynamic data,the coefficients for the goethite family (a-MOOH)are aMXv=0.8838,bMvx=-424.4431 (kcal/mol),and βMVx=115 (kcal/ mol.A),while the coefficients for the hematite family (a-M_2O_3)are aMvx=1.7468,bMXV=-814.9573 (kcal/ mol),and βMvx=278 (kcal/mol.A).The constrained relationship can be used to predict the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases and fictive phases (i.e.phases that are thermodynamically unstable and do not occur at standard conditions)within the isostructural families of goethite (a-MOOH)and hematite (a-M_2O_3)if the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of the trivalent cations are known.
Chinese Continental Blocks in Global Paleocontinental Reconstruction during Paleozoic and Mesozoic

The Cambrian to Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were collected using principles to obtain reliable and high-precision paleomagnetic data and to pay attention to the similarity of paleobiogeography and the coordination of tectonic evolution.The Chinese continental blocks were laid up on the reconstruction of proposed global paleocontinents with almost the same scale.Thus,it can be clearly recognized that the global continents,including Chinese continental blocks,range along latitudes on the southern side of the equator during the Early Paleozoic.In the Paleozoic,Chinese continental blocks were still located among the Laurentia,Siberia and Gondwana plates,following the fast moving of the Siberia Plate northwards,the amalgamation in a north-south direction at the western parts of the Laurentia and Gondwana plates,and the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans were subducted,eventually to form a uniform Pangea in the Late Paleozoic.The Australian and Indian plates of Eastern Gondwana moved and dispersed gradually southwards,continued to extend the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.The Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were still located in the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,preserved the status of dispersion,gradually moving northwards,showing characteristics of ranging along a north-south orientation until the Permian.In addition,a series of local collisions happened during the Triassic,and consequently most of the Chinese continental blocks were amalgamated into the Pangea,except for the Gangdise and Himalayan blocks.There was a counter-clockwise rotation of the Eastern Asian continent in the Jurassic and northwards migration of the Chinese continent in varying degrees during the Cretaceous,but the Himalayan and Indian plates did not collide into the Chinese continent during this period.
Petrogenesis of Indosinian Granitoids in Middle-Segment of South Qinling Tectonic Belt:Constraints from Sr-Nd Isotopic Systematics

South Qinling Tectonic Belt (SQTB)is located between the Shangzhou-Danfeng and Mianxian-Lueyang sutures.There are a lot of early Mesozoic granitoid plutons in its middle segment,comprising the Dongjiangkou-Zhashui granitoid plutons at the northeast,Huayang-Wulong-Laocheng granitoid plutons at the central part,Xiba granitoid pluton at the northwest and Guangtoushan-Liuba granitoid plutons at the southwest.These Indonisian granitoids contain a mass of various scale mafic enclaves,which show sometimes clear boundaries and sometimes transitional boundaries with their host granitoids.These granitoids also exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous series,commonly higher Mg# and a wide range of petrochemistry from low-K tholeiite series,through mid-K and high-K calcalkaline series to shoshonite series and predominated samples are attributed to mid-K and high-K calcalkaline series.Detailed analyses in Sr-Nd isotopic systematics and petrochemistry reveal that there may be regionally initial granitoid magma of the Indonisian granitoid plutons,comprising Dongjiangkou-Zhashui,Huayang-Wulong-Laocheng,Xiba,and Guangtoushan-Liuba granitoid plutons,which were produced by hybrids of magmas in various degrees,and the initial magmas were derived from both the mantle and the lower continental crust (LCC)sources in the SQTB.The initial granitoid magma further did the magma hybrid with the magmas from the LCC,crystallization fractionation,and assimilation with upper crustal materials during their emplacement to produce these granitoid plutons in the SQTB.These magmatism processes are most likely to occur under continent marginal arc and syn-collision to post-collision tectonic backgrounds.
First Description of Fossil Naucoridae (Heteroptera:Nepomorpha)from Late Mesozoic of China

Herein the description and illustration of two new fossil genera and species of Naucoridae,Exilcrus cameriferus gen.& sp.Nov.and Miroculus laticephlus gen.& sp.Nov.,are provided.Both species were collected from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China.The complete preservation of the new specimens enable us to determine the characters of the specimens reported here.This finding represents the first record of fossil Naucoridae from China,which includes well-preserved nymphs.The possibility of a predatory habit of these specimens is discussed.
Two New Fossil Lacewing Species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China (Neuroptera:Grammolingiidae)

Two new species of lacewings are described and illustrated from the Jiulongshan Formation (Middle Jurassic)of Inner Mongolia,China:Leptolingia calonervis sp.nov.and Litholingia ptesa sp.nov.(Grammolingiidae).The species can be distinguished by the following features:the outermost branch of MP_2 on the hind wing did not reach the margin of wing in Leptolingia calonervis sp.nov.; the second branch of Rs forked deeply while other branches of Rs forked much later in Litholingia ptesa sp.nov..
Terrestrial Mio-Pliocene Boundary in the Linxia Basin,Gansu,China

The Lower Pliocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu Province is one of only a few representative sections for the Early Pliocene sedimentary records in northern China,and even in East Asia.Recently,abundant mammalian fossils were found from the base of red clays of the Lower Pliocene Hewangjia Formation at Duikang in Guanghe County within this basin.Previously,the Pliocene mammals were sparsely found in China,and most were collected from fluvial and lacustrine deposits in the eastern Loess Plateau.Mammals from the widely distributed Pliocene Hipparion Red Clay are less in number.The known fossils from Duikang include 20 species and belong to the Shilidun Fauna.Their faunal components are similar to the Early Pliocene Gaozhuang Fauna from Yushe,Shanxi.On the other hand,some taxa from Duikang have not been found in the Gaozhuang Fauna,are slightly more primitive in evolutionary level,and appeared mainly in the Late Miocene.As a result,the age of the Duikang fossils may be slightly earlier than that of the Gaozhuang Fauna and closer to the lower boundary of the Pliocene.The Duikang fossiliferous bed is 0.8 m above the top of the Late Miocene Liushu Formation,and the first occurrence of the three-toed horse Hipparion pater can be regarded as a biostratigraphical marker of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary.In conclusion,Duikang is an ideal candidate locality to establish as the stratotype of the lower boundary of the Chinese terrestrial Pliocene.
Detrital Zircon Dating of Meso-and Neoproterozoic Rocks in North China and Its Implications

New dates from Meso-and Neoproterozoic strata contribute to the recently defined Precambrian stratigraphical timescale of China agreed by the Subcommission on the Precambrian System,and the National Commission on Stratigraphy of China on Nov.24,2009.First,the age range of the Changcheng System,including the Changzhougou,Chuanlinggou,Tuanshanzi and Dahongyu formations has been constrained to 1.8-1.6 Ga.Second,the Jixian System including the Gaoyuzhuang,Yangzhuang,Wumishan,Hongshuizhuang and Tieling formations has been constrained to 1.6-1.4 Ga.Third,an as-yet unnamed (undefined)system (1.4-1.0 Ga)is only developed in the Xiamaling Formation at the Jixian section,Tianjing.Fourth,the Qingbaikou System,including the Luotuoling and Jing'eryu formations has been constrained to 1.0-0.78 Ga.Fifth,the Nanhuan System ranges between 780-635 Ma,and the Sinian System is within 635-542 Ma.However,according to a series of SHRIMP U-Pb dates from the late Precambrian in the Jiangnan Orogen Belt in South China Platform,the constrained strata will be redefined as in the upper part of the Qingbaikou System.To aid global geodynamics,it is useful to denote a late Precambrian section with unified,precise and high-precision chronological dating; this is here defined in North China Block and Jiaoliao-Korean Block.However,the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou study in North China will be influence in whole Meso-and Neoproterozoic in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt in between the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block in South China.
Data Transmission with the Battery Utilization Maximization

With the growing popularity of 3G-powered devices,there are growing demands on energy-efficient data transmission strategies for various embedded systems.Different from the past work in energy-efficient real-time task scheduling,we explore strategies to maximize the amount of data transmitted by a 3G module under a given battery capacity.In particular,we present algorithms under different workload configurations with and without timing constraint considerations.Experiments were then conducted to verify the validity of the strategies and develop insights in energy-efficient data transmission.
做好学术报告的几个要点

做报告是科学工作者重要的职业技能之一。毕业答辩、应聘教职、参加学术会议、讲学，要做报告。去工商界工作，也要很强的表达、沟通能力。Timothy J． Kegel在《The Exceptional Presenter》一书中写道:“你的报告能力将影响你的收入和职业轨道。它会影响你的个人关系和你领导、劝说别人的能力。它会影响你得到什么工作、建立什么名声。”Michael AIley 在《The Craft of Scientific presentations》一书中写道:“能够做好报告不但对交流工作重要，而且对交流一个人在这个工作中的贡献也重要。听众常常把工作归功于做报告的人，哪怕那个报告者代表一个团队。”该书举例:朱经武和吴茂昆及其学生发现了新型高温超导体，在新闻发布会上，朱经武善于言辞。虽然他很清楚地把功劳给了合作者，但是很多报纸上只出现朱经武的名字。本文总结一些根据自身体验和看书学会的做学术报告的奥妙。
石墨烯取代硅，前景预测被批乐观

石墨烯因其优异的电学、光学和机械性能被媒体称作奇迹材料，近年来吸引了众多科学家和大量科研资金的投入。石墨烯的发现更是获颁2010年度诺贝尔物理学奖。不过最近，IBM研究人员却宣称石墨烯的应用前景可能被夸大了，因为石墨烯本身的性质导致石墨烯研究存在一些障碍。
基于多目标分组的中长期发购电计划编制方法及应用

为解决不同省份中长期计划编制差异化问题，提出了一种可灵活拓展的多目标分组计划编制方法。该方法可根据需求按系统总煤耗、排污、网损、购电成本等各种要素灵活配置优化目标，目前已系统实现并在多省部署实施。应用效果表明，该方法能较好地兼顾多目标综合效益，有较强的通用性，具备推广意义。
基于电流差动的双端带并联电抗器输电线路三相重合闸永久性故障判别

提出一种基于分相电流差动原理的双端带并联电抗器输电线路三相重合闸永久性故障判别方法。该方法以并联电抗器电流为己知量，利用时域方法补偿电容电流。输电线路发生故障且两侧断路器跳开后，利用电流差动原理对两端并联并联电抗器各相电流进行比较。瞬时性故障时，两侧各相并联电抗器电流之差为0；永久性故障时，两侧故障相并联电抗器电流之差远大于0。据此实现永久性故障识别。大量 EMTP仿真表明，该判别方法能够有效识别永久性故障和瞬时性故障，能够可靠实现两端带并联电抗器输电线路的三相自适应重合闸。
光伏并网逆变器检测平台的研制

为保证光伏并网逆变器的性能及安全，研制了检测平台，分析了并网逆变器的测试方法和步骤，介绍了光伏并网逆变器检测平台的开发。整个检测平台由控制计算机、数据采集系统、RS 485和通用接口总线(general-purpose interface bus，GPIB)系统组成。检测平台由可编程的直流电源、交流电源和RLC负载分别模拟太阳能电池板、电网特性以及负荷特性。整个系统通过LabVIEW软件界面控制，由GPIB和RS 485总线实现仪器间的通信控制，提高了系统的自动化程度。该检测平台可用于光伏并网逆变器电气性能测试、保护功能测试、电磁兼容测试等。实践证明该系统结构配置合理、设备可靠、精度高。
美国电力市场发展分析及对我国电力市场建设的启示

重点围绕区域市场建设、智能电网发展、清洁能源发展、需求侧响应机制，分析了美国电力市场的发展趋势和特点。针对我国电力工业的发展情况，提出我国电力市场建设应以可持续发展为目标，加快智能电网建设，进一步完善国家电力市场、需求侧管理和辅助服务市场。
混合有源电力滤波器的复合变结构电流控制

针对传统比例一积分一微分(proportional integral differential，PID)控制器不能实现具有周期性特点的电网谐波电流无稳态误差跟踪的特点，提出了一种新的PID型迭代学习控制算法，同时建立了一种模糊规则并利用模糊推理对PID控制器的比例、积分和微分系数进行在线修正，实现对系统的无差控制。在此基础上，为提高系统的响应速度，将PID迭代学习控制与滑模变结构控制有机结合，提出了复合型变结构控制方法。该方法具有响应速度快、控制精度高、易于实现的特点。仿真和实验结果证明了该控制方法的可行性和有效性，效果优于传统PID控制。
双馈电机改善系统阻尼的研究

给出了双馈电机的完整小信号模型，分析了双馈电机对系统阻尼的影响，在此基础上通过在转子侧控制系统中引入电力系统稳定器(power system stabilizer，PSS)环节，使系统扰动时，双馈电机能够提供额外的阻尼来削弱震荡，并通过特征根和时域仿真来验证其有效性，结果表明，引入的 PSS环节能够改善系统阻尼、提高稳定性。
超级电容器改善同步发电机系统稳定性能的研究

储能系统作为电力系统必要的能量缓冲环节，作用非常明显。使用双电层电容器(electric double layer capacitor， EDLC)的储能系统能够同时控制有功功率和无功功率，因此它能补偿功率波动。提出了电流源超级电容器储能系统 (current-source energy capacitor system，CS-ECS)。该系统由双电层电容器、双向直流变直流换流器以及电流源逆变器组成。提出了能对有功功率和无功功率进行控制的CS-ECS控制系统，通过对同步发电机系统进行仿真，得出了超级电容器系统能够改善同步发电机系统稳定性能的结论。
基于层次分析法一灰色综合关联及多灰色模型组合建模的线损率预测

提出了利用综合灰关联分析提取线损强关联因素的方法，建立了灰色模型(gray model，GM)(1，1)和GM(1，Ⅳ)组合的电网线损率预测模型。电网线损率变化轨迹受多种因素影响，通过多种灰关联分析及层次分析法变权处理，按加权组合的综合关联度优选GM(I，Ⅳ)建模参数。组合预测首先采用GM(1，1)模型预估建模参数值，而后将其代入GM(1，Ⅳ)模型进行线损率精预测，算例表明，对于自然发展中的电网，该组合模型预测性能稳定、精度高，适用于电网中长期线损率预测。
基于参数辨识方法的谐波源定位

根据非线性负荷产生谐波的特点，建立了负荷时域等值模型。在系统侧和用户侧负荷参数未知的情况下，利用公共耦合点上电压、电流的物理关系，采用以参数辨识方法跟踪辨识负荷阻抗，确定谐波源，同时引入量化的电流非线性度来划分各负荷的谐波责任。仿真结果表明，该方法简单可行，不受背景谐波影响。
基于自适应变异粒子群算法的分布式电源选址与容量确定

在不考虑负荷新增节点的情况下进行分布式发电的布点规划，建立了以配电网年运行费用最小为目标的经济模型。模型中针对分布式电源运行费用引入固定安装费用权重因子，更准确地刻画了分布式电源接入后配电网费用的变化。同时，为克服粒子群算法存在的早熟问题，采用自适应变异的粒子群算法(adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm，AMPSO)对配电网中的DG选址和定容进行了优化。通过对JEEE 33节点配电网测试系统进行分析，验证了上述模型的准确性和求解算法的有效性。
电网电压跌落时风机变流器功率平衡控制策略

风机变流器是风电机组实现低电压穿越的关键部件，其控制性能的提升有利于提高风电机组的低电压穿越能力。基于变流器功率平衡控制思想，提出了网侧变流器改进型负载前馈控制策略，提升了网侧变流器的稳压与能量转移能力，缓和了电网故障期间的系统能量失衡，改善了风机变流器及风电机组的低电压穿越能力。控制系统的小信号模型分析结果表明，上述控制策略的稳压与能量转移能力优于传统控制策略。永磁同步风力发电机组系统仿真进一步证明了上述理论分析的正确性。
基于状态空间分析法的多机系统次同步谐振和自励磁研究

阐述了电力系统次同步谐振和自励磁现象的基本原理，针对多机系统，应用线性网络理论的系统公式法建立适用于次同步谐振和自励磁分析的网络状态方程，结合同步电机状态方程，推导多机系统机网状态量接口方法，建立系统状态方程组，并可由特征根判断系统是否发生次同步谐振或自励磁，由相关因子判断次同步谐振或自励磁影响因素。实例计算表明，该方法是可行的。
呼辽±500 kV直流工程送端系统次同步振荡仿真分析

基于实时数字仿真系统建立了呼辽±500 kV直流工程次同步振荡问题研究的仿真模型。利用复转矩系数法，得到了部分运行方式下各机组的机械阻尼特性。阻尼特性表明，孤岛方式下，呼辽直流引发送端机组次同步振荡的风险较小，但交直流运行方式下，随着固定串补配置量的增加，机组发生次同步振荡的风险增加，可控串补可以在一定程度上降低次同步振荡的风险。时域仿真法得到的结论与复转矩系数法一致。为彻底解决送端机组次同步振荡问题，指出需进一步研究抑制次同步振荡的措施。
电力互感器对同步相量测量的影响

电力互感器作为连接一次系统和同步相量测量单元 (phasor measurement units，PMUs)的必要设备，是PMU能否准确获取一次系统信息的重要环节，其传变精度和动态特性直接影响PMU相量测量的精度。首先总结了电力系统动态现象所对应的动态信号模型，包括故障引起的非周期分量、幅值突变和系统振荡；分析了电力系统在发生以上动态过程时电力互感器对相量测量的影响；并侧重分析了电容式电压互感器的铁磁谐振和瞬变响应问题以及电流互感器的饱和问题，以此来观察电力互感器在不同动态情况下对相量测量结果的影响。
紧急控制下最优切机切负荷方案的快速算法

提出了一种紧急控制下基于快速时域仿真的最优切机切负荷算法，包括快速时域仿真和最优切机切负荷2部分，以形成紧急控制策略表。最优切机切负荷问题实质上属于最优控制问题，又因切机和切负荷控制变量是常量，从而可方便地利用控制参数进行求解。充分考虑梯度的物理意义和切机切负荷的离散特性，提出了“微步离散法”，并从稳定判据、积分步长和微步系数对该算法做进一步的改进。通过新英格兰39节点算例验证了所提方法具有快速、准确、实用和无收敛性问题等特点。
基于半张量积方法与准稳态时域仿真的电力系统中长期电压稳定分析

提出了综合基于半张量积方法的非线性动力学稳定裕度指标与准稳态时域仿真的中长期电压稳定判定方法。建立了中长期电压稳定分析模型。该模型将短期动态平衡方程转化为代数方程，降低了求解稳定裕度指标过程中雅可比矩阵以及海森矩阵的计算复杂度。在此基础上，利用基于半张量积方法的中长期电压稳定指标分析中长期电压稳定性。新英格兰10机39节点系统的仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。
交直流大电网数模混合仿真系统的并行计算效率研究

国家电网仿真中心基于SGIAltix 4700超级计算机及全数字实时仿真软件Hypersim建立了交直流大电网数模混合实时仿真系统，Hypersim应用LDU分解算法求解节点电压方程，对网络进行分网并行计算，分析了影响仿真系统并行计算效率的因素。三华电网仿真结果表明，该仿真系统能够满足大电网实时仿真要求，具有较高的并行计算效率。
电网结构发生变化时潮流转移的快速识别

提出了一种利用图论快速识别动态拓扑电网中潮流转移的方法。根据实时的网络拓扑结构建立相应的矩阵，经过矩阵运算，对已过载支路的影响范围进行预测，对影响较严重的区域进一步采用动态潮流的分析方法进行估算，判断网络中各线路的运行状态。该法对连通与不连通的网络均适用。通过Wood &Wo：llenberg的1节点系统和标准IEEE 30节点系统的仿真计算，验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。
振动频响法与传统频响法在变压器绕组变形检测中的比较

首先详细介绍了振动频响法(vibration frequency response analysis，VFRA)检测原理，并与传统频响法 (frequency response analysis，FRA)进行了对比。然后对一台 220 kV变压器绕组进行了多种人工故障设定，并利用振动频响法与传统频响法对所设故障进行对比检测分析。试验结果表明，振动频响法相比传统频响法对绕组预紧力下降、垫块脱落、幅向轻微变形等故障具有更高的检测灵敏度。
特高压南阳站建成后鄂豫断面电磁环网运行分析

特高压南阳站建成投运后，鄂豫断面将形成1 000/ 500 kV电磁环网运行格局。从输电能力、安全稳定水平、短路电流水平、小干扰稳定多角度全面分析了特高压电磁环网的运行特性，指出大规模功率转移造成低一级电压线路过载的问题较为突出。针对该问题，研究鄂豫断面电磁环网运行的安控策略，在对各种常规措施以及自动电压控制 (automatic generator control，AGC)配合措施进行比较后，提出了综合考虑AGC协调控制的安控策略。该策略的实施可有效降低维持系统稳定所需的安控措施繁琐程度，为安全调度特高压电网提供了新的指导思路。
考虑月度机组组合的节能发电调度模式与方法

自实施节能发电调度办法以来，我国发电量的结构发生了重大变化，能耗越小的机组，其利用小时数越高，各节能发电调度试点省份均取得了良好的节能与社会效益。以现有节能发电调度模式为基础，提出更有序、更有效的新型模式。该模式着重在月度优化决策机组的开机方式，通过大机组之间的有序配合，在更长的时间范围内实现节能发电调度。根据机组实际的煤耗特性，建立了月度机组组合高效模型；采用分段线性化的方法，在不损失最优性的前提下求解模型；应用广东电网2010年10月的实际调度运行数据验证了新型模式的科学性和有效性。
智能调度建模技术中若干问题的研究

分布式一体化建模技术是智能调度的核心技术之一。该技术基于“源端维护，全局共享”的原则，实现了跨层、跨区的分布式一体化建模。分析了分布式一体化建模技术应用中遇到的电网模型校验、模型边界维护等问题，并针对每个问题提出了解决方案，具体包括：提出了电网模型校验的有效方法，保证了源端模型的正确性；提出了智能边界维护的方法，彻底解决了模型边界维护繁琐的问题；提出了实现模型一体化在线同步的具体方法，解决了图、数、模无扰动投入在线系统的问题。这些问题的解决方案是对智能电网分布式一体化建模方案的完善和补充。
多馈入直流输电系统功率稳定性分析

直流输电系统的功率输送能力主要受所联交流系统强度的限制，单条直流系统的功率输送能力和功率稳定已有较多的研究。随着多馈入直流系统的出现，直流系统间的复杂相互作用使得多馈入直流系统的功率稳定性更为复杂。以两馈入直流系统为基础，研究多馈入直流系统运行状态变化、直流间耦合程度以及多馈入短路比大小对多馈入直流系统功率稳定性的影响。分析结果表明，在多馈入直流系统中，减小所联直流系统电流、减小直流系统间电气距离、增大所联系统多馈入短路比均能有效增大直流系统的功率稳定裕度、提高功率输送能力和最大直流功率。
智能电网示范工程综合评价指标体系

结合国内外电网发展现状和我国实际情况，阐述了对智能电网示范工程进行评估的重要性，提出了智能电网示范工程综合评估指标体系框架。该体系按照全面性、客观性、实用性、典型性的基本原则来构建，包涵技术性、经济性、社会性、工程管理、实用化和创新性等6个维度的一级到四级指标，并确定了智能电网示范工程评价标准。通过对智能电网综合示范工程的智能化水平、工程建设、运行效果等方面进行评估，可为下一阶段坚强智能电网的全面建设做充分的理论、技术和实用化准备。
基于行波固有频率的特高压输电线路故障选相

基于行波原理的故障暂态量选相因所需时间短，符合目前发展超高速保护的要求。针对现有行波选相法存在准确识别波头的困难，提出基于行波固有频率的故障选相方法。该方法利用多信号分类法得到电流模分量功率谱，通过比较其中线模量的主频实现故障选相。该方法的可靠性由基于 PSCAD/EMTDC搭建的晋东南一南阳一荆门1 000 kV特高压交流输电线仿真模型实验验证，选相结果不受故障距离、故障时间、过渡电阻的影响，且所需故障数据窗短，易实现超高速保护。
考虑环保成本和风电接入影响的动态经济调度模型

风电具有动态随机性，传统的经济调度模型已不再适用。考虑机组的环境效益，引用了环境惩罚成本；基于风电的随机性及其给系统安全造成的影响，引入利润备用容量惩罚成本，应用随机规划理论构建了含风电机组的动态经济调度模型。在求解模型时，采用蒙特卡罗模拟和遗传算法的混合智能算法，以蒙特卡罗模拟的随机变量模拟结果作为遗传算法的输入参数。以IEEE30系统为例，对传统的经济调度模型和建立的调度模型进行了比较分析，验证了该模型的合理性与有效性。
Methylation of RAR-β2,RASSF1A,and CDKN2A Genes Induced by Nickel Subsulfide and Nickel-carcinogenesis in Rats

Objective To investigate the expression variation of RAR‐β2,RASSF1A,and CDKN2A gene in the process of nickel‐induced carcinogenesis.Methods Nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2)at dose of 10 mg was given to Wistar rats by intramuscular injection.The mRNA expression of the three genes in induced tumors and their lung metastasis were examined by Real‐time PCR.The methylation status of the 5’ region of these genes were detected by Quantitative Real‐time methylation specific PCR.Results The mRNA expressions of the three genes both in muscle and lung tumor were decreased distinctly in comparison with normal tissue.But hypermethylation was found only in muscle tumor.Conclusion These findings suggest that loss of function or decrease of RAR‐β2,RASSF1A,and CDKN2A,as well as the hypermethylation of 5’ region of these genes,are related with nickel exposure.
血浆置换联合肝移植治疗儿童肝衰竭一例

讨论:肝脏是人体的一个重要器官，既有多种生物合成作用，又有其他任何器官不可替代的解毒作用。在肝功能衰竭时，由于肝功能严重受损，造成机体代谢紊乱，导致体内大量代谢毒物的蓄积，引起各种严重的并发症，危及患者的生命[3]。由于人工肝[4]以体外支持和功能代替为主，故又称人工肝支持系统(artificial liver suppo,1 system，ALSs)，分为非生物型人工肝、生物型人工肝及混合生物型人工肝。重型肝炎晚期时进行ALSS治疗，虽然暂时临床症状得以改善，但终因肝细胞已大块坏死、不能再生而死亡，故ALSs治疗重型肝炎应尽早施行，越早效果越好[5]。PE是近年来发展起来的一种血液净化技术，采用先进的膜式分离方法，可以将血液中所有的有形成分回输，而将溶于血浆中的各种代谢毒物，如内毒素、胆红素、芳香族氨基酸等致病因子随血浆的分离一并清除[6]，同时可补充凝血因子、调理素、蛋白质及促肝细胞生长物质以维持机体血液循环平衡的需要[7]。国内段钟平[4]认为PE是目前较为成熟的肝脏替代疗法。尽管各种生物型和非生物型人工肝技术快速发展，PE仍是目前肝功能衰竭患者的主要和基本人工肝治疗方法。患者在等待肝移植期间，应进行规范的内科治疗，包括降黄疸、护肝、利尿、防治感染、纠正凝血功能障碍等，如果内科综合治疗效果不佳，应联合人工肝治疗。
儿童性早熟诊断和治疗中应该重视的问题

性早熟是临床常见的儿童内分泌疾患，对患儿生理和心理的影响及其规范化诊断和治疗一直是儿科内分泌领域研究的热点。近年来各种环境雌激素所导致的儿童性早熟亦引起人们的重视，而2010年的“奶粉致女婴性早熟”事件更使儿童性早熟成为社会广泛关注的焦点。该事件的发生同时也反映出非儿科内分泌专业医师对该病认识的不足。为规范儿童性早熟的诊疗，中华医学会儿科学分会内分泌遗传代谢学组在 2007年即制订了《中枢性(真性)性早熟诊治指南》[1]。“奶粉事件”后，卫生部也及时组织制订了《性早熟诊疗指南(试行)》[2]。但在性早熟的临床诊治工作中仍有诸多不尽如人意之处。本文拟从临床实用角度阐述有关儿童性早熟诊疗过程中应该重视的问题。
微小RNA-221/222在神经胶质瘤中的研究进展

微小RNA(microRNA或miRNA)是长度为21～25个核苷睃的短序列、非编码、具有调控功能的单链小分子RNA， miRNA能在转录后水平通过促进靶mRNA的降解和(或)抑制其翻译过程从而发挥负调控基因表达的过程[1]。miRNA221/222是miRNA家族中的一个重要组成部分。Ciafre等[2]在研究miRNA在胶质母细胞瘤表达谱时发现，miRNA-221/222在胶质瘤中的表达远远高于正常组织。因此， miRNA-221/222的高表达可能使其成为胶质瘤的标志物，从而为胶质瘤的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路．
美国病理住院医师培训的经验和借鉴

从学科概念上目前国内仍然把病理学归类于基础医学，但病理学包含基础病理和临床病理，后者又称诊断病理学，是临床学科。诊断病理学涵盖了外科和妇产科病理学、细胞病理学、尸体解剖以及分子病理学等，通过对人体组织或细胞学等标本进行微观分析，结合免疫组织化学标记和分子生物学检测，对疾病做出诊断，被誉为现代医疗体系中的诊断“金标准”。
The Energy Budget of a Southwest Vortex With Heavy Rainfall over South China

Energy budgets were analyzed to study the development of an eastward propagating southwest vortex (SWV)associated with heavy rainfall over southern China (11-13 June 2008).The results show that kinetic energy (KE)generation and advection were the most important KE sources,while friction and sub-grid processes were the main KE sinks.There was downward conversion from divergent to rotational wind KE consistent with the downward stretching of SWVs.The Coriolis force was important for the formation and maintenance of the SWV.Convergence was also an important factor for maintenance,as was vertical motion during the mature stage of the SWV and the formation stage of a newly formed vortex (vortex B).The conversion from available potential energy (APE)to KE of divergent wind can lead to strong convection.Vertical motion influenced APE by dynamical and thermal processes which had opposite effects.The variation of APE was related to the heavy rainfall and convection; in this case,vertical motion with direct thermal circulation was the most important way in which APE was released,while latent heat release and vertical temperature advection were important for APE generation.
Impacts of the MJO on Winter Rainfall and Circulation in China

Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China are investigated using a real-time multivariate MJO index.Composite results using the daily rainfall anomalies and "rainy day" anomalies according to eight different MJO phases show that the MJO has considerable influence on winter rainfall in China.Rainfall anomalies show systematic and substantial changes (enhanced/suppressed)in the Yangtze River Basin and South China with the eastward propagation of the MJO convective center from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific.When the MJO is in phase 2 and 3 (MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean),rainfall probability is significantly enhanced.While in phase 6 and 7 (MJO convective center is over the western Pacific),rainfall probability is significantly reduced.MJO in winter influences the rainfall in China mainly through modulating the circulation in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes.For the subtropics,MJO influences the northward moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea by modulating the southern trough of the Bay of Bengal and the western Pacific subtropical high.For the mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the low frequency perturbations associated with the eastward-propagating MJO convection modulate the circulation in the mid-high latitudes,e.g.the East Asian winter monsoon and the low trough over central Asia.
A New Route to the Synthesis of Barium Carbonate Crystals by the Induction of Bacillus Pasteurii

As one of the soil microorganisms,bacillus pasteurii exhibits good urease-producing ability.A novel method is used to prepare BaCO3 crystals by the induction of bacillus pasteurii.The crystals have been characterized by XRD,SEM and FT-IR.X-ray diffraction analysis quantified that the BaCO3 crystals obtained belong to the orthorhombic crystal system.Examination by scanning electron microscopy identified that the BaCO3 crystals have different morphologies under different preparation conditions.FT-IR indicated that surfactant EDTA had great effect on the morphology of BaCO3 crystals.Different morphology crystals had uniform distribution and integral shape.The forming mechanism and influence of EDTA on the morphology of BaCO3 crystals have been discussed.
A Novel 3D Silver-triazolate Coordination Polymer with 6.102 Topology:Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Phosphorescence

A novel three-dimensional(3D)silver(I)coordination polymer,namely [Ag2(dmtrz)2]n (1)(Hdmtrz = 3,5-dimethyl-lH,1,2,4-triazole),was synthesized through diffusion method.1 was characterized by elemental analysis,FT-IR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system,space group Iba2 with a = 12.5026(10),b = 7.6026(6),c = 18.8981(17)A,V= 1796.3(3)A3,Z= 6,Mr = 407.98,Dc = 2.263 g°cm3,μ = 3.252 mm~(-1),F(000)= 1176,the final R = 0.0304 and wR = 0.0634 for 1310 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)).In the structure of 1,silver(I)centers are triconnected to dmtrz ligands,forming the(3,3)-connected 3D coordination polymer with a 6.102 topology.The luminescence property of 1 was also studied in solid state at room temperature.