mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Surgeries in andrology: optimization and patients' well being

The world is driven by technology, and information is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Harnessing this enormous drive, Andrology has become an established part of modern medicine, and andrological surgery is evolving continuously, including the advent of robotic technology.Weall recognise the necessity for the proper evaluation of new developments in this exciting field. In this context, we are pleased to present this 2013 Asian Journal of Andrology special issue focusing on ‘‘Surgeries in Andrology’’. This special issue is intended to provide a concise and substantive update for surgical treatments of conditions related to male sexual dysfunction and male fertility.
A weeding-duration model for Abies sachalinensis plantations in Hokkaido,northern Japan

I developed a weeding-duration model for Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schmidt) Masters) plantations that employs a generalized linear model. The number of years following planting that weeding is necessary is the response variable, and elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, geology, soil, site index, slope aspect, and vegetation type are explanatory variables. Among the explanatory variables, geology, soil, slope aspect, and vegetation type are categorical data. A Poisson distribution is assumed for the response variable, with a log-link function. Elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, site index, and vegetation type had a significant effect on weeding duration. Among the eight models with the smallest Akaike information criterion (AIC), I chose the model with no multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The weeding-duration model includes site index, maximum snow depth, slope steepness (angle) and vegetation type as explanatory variables; elevation and annual precipitation were not included in the selected model because of multicollinearity with maximum snow depth. This model is useful for cost–benefit analyses of afforestation or reforestation with Abies sachalinensis.
Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics linked to Piliostigma species in ferugino-tropical soils in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, West Africa

In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, Piliostigma reticulatum (DC) Hochst and Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach) are precursor species of fallow land colonization and they are used by rural villagers. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of Piliostigma species to soil quality improvement. We quantified organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient from soil samples taken under and outside Piliostigma canopies. We used one-way ANOVA to test for differences in the above parameters between locations (beneath and outside Piliostigma canopies). We recorded increased total organic carbon under Piliostigma from 31%–105% and in total nitrogen from 23%–66%. Microbial biomass was 13%–266% higher beneath canopies as compared to outside canopies. Basal respiration was also higher beneath canopies. The chemical elements varied by class of soil texture. Metabolic quotient (qCO_2) was significantly correlated to clay (r = 0.80) and silt (r = 0.79) content. Piliostigma stands produced abundant litter due to their leaf biomass. Thus, they contribute to improved total organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the different phytogeographic zones and improve soil fertility.
Ecological effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activity

The continuing increase in human activities is causing global changes such as increased deposition of atmospheric nitrogen. There is considerable interest in understanding the effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities, specifically in terms of global nitrogen cycling and its potential future contribution to global climate change. This paper summarizes the ecological effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities, including size-effects, stage-effects, site-effects, and the effects of different levels and forms of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We discuss needs for further research on the relationship between atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil enzymes.
Standardization of harvesting age of bamboo shoots with respect to nutritional and anti-nutritional components

Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days (2?20 days after emergence from ground) were analyzed for their nutritional (dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids) and anti nutritional (cyanogen) constituents. A significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation (at p ≤ 0.5) was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10?14 days, 6?10 days and 10?16 days (after emergence from the ground) respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.
Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth (diameter at breast height, total height), natural pruning (height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness) and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur [L.]) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior [L.]) were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha~(-1). Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots and inadequate self-pruning can be controlled with trainer species, the initial stocking may be reduced significantly in oak.
WRF模式中积云对流参数化方案对西北太平洋台风路径与强度模拟的影响

本文利用WRF3.2版本模式研究了不同积云对流参数化方案对西北太平洋台风路径与强度模拟的影响.2003~2008年期间的20个西北太平洋台风的模拟试验结果表明,台风路径与强度的模拟对积云对流参数化方案的选择很敏感.台风路径的模拟对积云对流参数化方案的选择具有"个例依赖"的特点,即不同台风个例模拟得到的最佳路径依赖于积云对流参数化方案的选择.台风强度的模拟对积云对流参数化方案的选择的敏感性表现出不同于台风路径模拟的特点,选择Kain-Fritsch(KF)方案模拟得到的台风强度较强,与观测较为接近,而选择Betts-Miller-Janjic(BMJ)方案与Grell-Devenyi(GD)方案模拟得到的台风强度相对较弱.不同的积云对流参数化方案对台风路径与强度模拟的差异主要是由于各个方案自身采用了不同的假设,以及它们对积云降水的不同处理而造成的.台风路径的模拟差异主要是由于不同积云对流参数化方案模拟的大尺度环流场的差异造成的,模拟得到的环流场越接近观测,台风路径的模拟误差越小.台风强度模拟的差异主要是由于不同积云对流参数化方案模拟的大气垂直加热状态差异较大,这种差异导致不同方案模拟得到的对流有很大的不同,从而导致在产生不同的积云降水的过程中的潜热释放的差异.KF方案模拟得到的垂直对流最强,暖心结构明显,降水偏多,台风强度较强,BMJ方案以及GD方案模拟的对流较弱,降水范围较小,台风强度相对较弱.
流溪河从化段水质变化规律研究

广州城市用水水源之一的流溪河,在城市化进程中水质问题日益凸显。对流溪河从化段取样分析不同地段、不同环境条件下总氮(TN)、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N变化特点,研究其发生的规律。结果表明:流溪河上覆水中总氮(TN)从上游至下游含量增大与人口密度有关。NH_4~+-N的出现与城镇有关,城市化模式规模、污水处理技术选用都要审慎。NO_3~--N原因主要是农业生产和农村排泄。高NO_3~--N河水在城镇区域内与城镇排出污水汇合后,总氮(TN)和NO_3~--N都明显减少。城镇排出污水自然硝化作用明显存在。
Sleep alterations in mammals: Did aquatic conditions inhibit rapid eye movement sleep?

Sleep has been studied widely in mammals and to some extent in other vertebrates. Higher vertebrates such as birds and mammals have evolved an inimitable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep state. During REM sleep, postural muscles become atonic and the temperature regulating machinery remains suspended. Although REM sleep is present in almost all the terrestrial mammals, the aquatic mammals have either radically reduced or completely eliminated REM sleep. Further, we found a significant negative correlation between REM sleep and the adaptation of the organism to live on land or in water. The amount of REM sleep is highest in terrestrial mammals, significantly reduced in semi-aquatic mammals and completely absent or negligible in aquatic mammals. The aquatic mammals are obligate swimmers and have to surface at regular intervals for air. Also, these animals live in thermally challenging environments, where the conductive heat loss is approximately ~90 times greater than air. Therefore, they have to be moving most of the time. As an adaptation, they have evolved unihemispheric sleep, during which they can rove as well as rest. A condition that immobilizes muscleactivity and suspends the thermoregulatory machinery, as happens during REM sleep, is not suitable for these animals. It ispossible that, in accord with Darwin’s theory, aquatic mammals might have abolished REM sleep with time. In this review, we discuss the possibility of the intrinsic role of aquatic conditions in the elimination of REM sleep in the aquatic mammals.
科学基金对颅脑创伤研究的促进作用

颅脑创伤,又称创伤性脑损伤(traumaticbraininjury,TBI),是由外伤引起的脑组织损害。在世界范围内,TBI已成为继心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管意外之后的第4位死因~美国TBI发生率约为538/10万,其中,约有32%是因为坠落造成的,19%是交通意外,18%归咎于斗殴或运动伤害~值得注意的是,交通意外是造成青壮年重型TBI的首要原因,而绝大部分的跌落伤是发生在5岁以下的儿童或者75岁以上的老年人。中国每年大约有100多万人发生TBI,死亡10万余人,20多万人遗留长期昏迷(植物人)、瘫痪、痴呆、语言功能丧失、记忆功能减退等各种神经功能残疾。重型TBI存活的患者脑神经功能残疾发生率高达54%~84%,每年造成的直接和间接经济损失数达百亿元。
新型香料类毒品的研究进展

新型香料类毒品,现主要指合成大麻(Synthetic cannabis)产品,是一种以不同香料和药草,混合不同化学物质制成不同口味品种的低成本化学合成毒品,以商品名“K2”或“Spice”著称,另有Genie(精灵) 、Zohai(佐海) 、迷幻鼠尾草等多种名称。使用者只要卷成香烟或以烟斗吸食,效果与大麻一样。尽管“香料”产品被宣称为“可以释放浓郁香味的香料化合物”和“不适用于人类消费”,但是,据一些使用者吸食后报道称,其效果类似于那些大麻类产品。
Safety of lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B in early pregnancy

AIM:To evaluate the safety of lamivudine(LAM) treatment for chronic hepatitis B in early pregnancy.METHODS:A total of 92 pregnant women who received LAM treatment either before pregnancy or in early pregnancy were enrolled in this study.All of the pregnant women volunteered to take lamivudine during pregnancy and were not co-infected with hepatitis C virus,human immunodeficiency virus,cytomegalovirus,or other viruses.All infants received passiveactive immunoprophylaxis with 200 IU hepatitis B immunoglobulin and three doses of 10 μg hepatitis B vaccines(0-1-6 mo) according to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Adverse events were observed throughout the entire pregnancy and perinatal period,and the effectiveness of lamivudine treatment for blocking mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) was evaluated.All adverse events in mothers and infants during pregnancy and the perinatal period and the HBV motherto-infant transmission blocking rate were compared with the literature.RESULTS:Among the 92 pregnant women,spontaneous abortions occurred in 11 cases,while 3 mothers had a second pregnancy after the initial abortion;72 mothers delivered 73 live infants,of whom 68 infants were followed up for no less than 6 mo,and 12 mothers were still pregnant.During pregnancy,the main maternal adverse events were vaginitis(12/72,16.7%),spontaneous abortion(11/95,11.6%),and gestational diabetes(6/72,8.3%);only one case had 1-2 degree elevation of the creatine kinase level(195 U/L).During the perinatal period,the main maternal adverse events were premature rupture of the membranes(8/72,11.1%),preterm delivery(5/72,6.9%),and meconium staining of the amniotic fluid(4/72,5.6%).In addition,2 infants were found to have congenital abnormalities;1 had a scalp hemangioma that did not change in size until 7 mo,and the other had early cerebral palsy,but with rehabilitation training,the infant’s motor functions became totally normal at 2 years of age.The incidence of adverse events among the mothers or abnormalities in the infants was not higher than that of normal mothers or HBV-infected mothers who did not receive lamivudine treatment.In only 2 cases,mother-to-infant transmission blocking failed;the blocking rate was 97.1%(66/68),which was higher than has been previously reported.CONCLUSION:Lamivudine treatment is safe for chronic HBV-infected pregnant mothers and their fetuses with a gestational age of less than 12 wk or throughout the entire pregnancy.
Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in mice

AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of baicalein against carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4)-induced liver damage in mice.METHODS:Mice were orally administered with baicalein after CCl 4 injection,and therapeutic baicalein was given twice a day for 4 d.The anti-inflammation effects of baicalein were assessed directly by hepatic histology and serum alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase measurement.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to evaluate the effect of baicalein in promoting hepatocyte proliferation.Serum interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liver IL-6,TNF-α,transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and epidermal growth factor(EGF) genes expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:CCl4-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in baicalein-treated mice.The data indicated that the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased within 12 h after CCl 4 treatment in baicalein administration groups,but at 24,48 and 72 h,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was kept at lower levels compared with the control.The expression of TGF-α,HGF and EGF was enhanced dramatically in baicalein administration group at 12,24,48 and 72 h.Furthermore,we found that baicalein significantly elevated the serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 at the early phase,which indicated that baicalein could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration.CONCLUSION:Baicalein may be a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury.Baicalein accelerates liver regeneration by regulating TNF-α and IL-6 mediated pathways.
环保试剂在病理制片中的应用

常规石蜡制片技术是病理学中观察病理变化的重要手段,也是病理诊断中最基本的常规方法。传统石蜡切片从标本的固定到组织染色过程均大量使用甲醛、二甲苯等有毒、有害、易挥发、强刺激的试剂,这对于病理工作人员身体健康危害巨大,同时产生大量废液对环境造成严重的污染。新型格林组织固定脱水系列套装试剂和HE染色套装试剂(无醛、无苯), 具有低消耗、高环保、时间短的优点,现将我们的应用体会介绍如下。
Anti-tumor immunity,autophagy and chemotherapy

Autophagy or self-digestion of cells is activated upon various stressful stimuli and has been found to be a survival and drug resistance pathway in cancer.However,genetic studies support that autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor.Furthermore,defective autophagy is implicated in tumorigenesis,as well.The precise impact of autophagy on malignant transformation has not yet been clarified,but recent data suggest that this complex process is mainly directed by cell types,phases,genetic background and microenvironment.Relation of autophagy to anticancer immune responses may indicate a novel aspect in cancer chemotherapy.
Systematic energy-balanced cooperative transmission scheme in wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In order to minimize energy consumption and balance energy dissipation throughout the whole network, a systematic energy-balanced cooperative transmission scheme in WSNs is proposed in this paper. This scheme studies energy efficiency in systematic view. For three main steps, namely nodes clustering, data aggregation and cooperative transmission, corresponding measures are put forward to save energy. These measures are well designed and tightly coupled to achieve optimal performance. A half-controlled dynamic clustering method is proposed to avoid concentrated distribution of cluster heads caused by selecting cluster heads randomly and to get high spatial correlation between cluster nodes. Based on clusters built, data aggregation, with the adoption of dynamic data compression, is performed by cluster heads to get better use of data correlation. Cooperative multiple input multiple output (CMIMO) with an energy-balanced cooperative cluster heads selection method is proposed to transmit data to sink node. System model of this scheme is also given in this paper. And simulation results show that, compared with other traditional schemes, the proposed scheme can efficiently distribute the energy dissipation evenly throughout the network and achieve higher energy efficiency, which leads to longer network lifetime span. By adopting orthogonal space time block code (STBC), the optimal number of the cooperative transmission nodes varying with the percentage of cluster heads is also concluded, which can help to improve energy efficiency by choosing the optimal number of cooperative nodes and making the most use of CMIMO.
作物野生近缘种的研究与保护需要重视

作物野生近缘种(crop wild relatives,CWR)是宝贵的植物遗传资源,对于改良作物品种,提高粮食和其他栽培植物的产量和质量具有十分重要的意义。这是因为野生种的遗传多样性十分丰富,而现代栽培品种的遗传多样性却非常贫乏。在生物技术快速发展的今天,野生植物,特别是作物野生近缘种的利用前景更加广阔。作物是指对人类有价值并为人类有目的种植栽培且收获利用的植物。狭义的作物概念包括粮食作物、经济作物和园艺作物;广义的作物概念泛指粮食、经济、园艺、牧草、绿肥、林木、药材、花草等一切人类栽培的植物(董玉琛和郑殿升,2006),本文采用广义的作物概念。作物野生近缘种包括作物的祖先种以及那些与作物遗传关系较近的植物类群。广义的作物野生近缘种包括所有与作物同属的野生植物(Maxted & Kell,2009),而狭义的作物野生近缘种只包括Harlan和de Wet(1971)定义的一级基因库植物。
Response characteristics of sonar receiver under intense sound pulse

For anti-jamming and anti-countermeasure techniques of the sonar receiver, the response characteristics of the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit and the survivability of the prime circuit under strong interference are analyzed by simulations and experiments. An AGC simulation model based on the voltage control amplifier VCA810 prototype is proposed. Then static and dynamic simulations are realized with single frequency signal and linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal commonly used in the active sonar. Based on intense sound pulse (ISP) interference experiments, the real-time response characteristics of each module of the receiver are studied to verify the correctness of the model as well as the simulation results. Simulation and experiment results show that, under 252 dB/20 μs ISP interference, the specific sonar receiver will produce sustained cut top oscillation above 30 ms, which may affect the receiver and block the regular sonar signal.
Multi-attribute decision making method for air target threat evaluation based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets

The function of the air target threat evaluation (TE) is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to address the issue of the TE in which the tactic features of the detected target are treated as evaluation attributes. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) is employed to deal with information uncertainty in the TE process. Furthermore, on the basis of the entropy weight and inclusion-comparison probability, a hybrid TE method is developed. In order to accommodate the demands of naturalistic decision making, the proposed method allows air defense commanders to express their intuitive opinions besides incorporating into the threat features of the detected target. An illustrative example is provided to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.
Novel detection method for infrared small targets using weighted information entropy

This paper presents a method for detecting the small infrared target under complex background. An algorithm, named local mutation weighted information entropy (LMWIE), is proposed to suppress background. Then, the grey value of targets is enhanced by calculating the local energy. Image segmentation based on the adaptive threshold is used to solve the problems that the grey value of noise is enhanced with the grey value improvement of targets. Experimental results show that compared with the adaptive Butterworth high-pass filter method, the proposed algorithm is more effective and faster for the infrared small target detection.
Attitude sensor fault diagnosis based on Kalman filter of discrete-time descriptor system

To diagnose the fault of attitude sensors in satellites, this paper proposes a novel approach based on the Kalman filter of the discrete-time descriptor system. By regarding the sensor fault term as the auxiliary state vector, the attitude measurement system subjected to the attitude sensor fault is modeled by the discrete-time descriptor system. The condition of estimability of such systems is given. And then a Kalman filter of the discrete-time descriptor system is established based on the methodology of the maximum likelihood estimation. With the descriptor Kalman filter, the state vector of the original system and sensor fault can be estimated simultaneously. The proposed method is able to esti-mate an abrupt sensor fault as well as the incipient one. Moreover, it is also effective in the multiple faults scenario. Simulations are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者肝细胞HBV cccDNA含量与血清HBV DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg的关系研究

本研究应用荧光定量PCR方法特异性检测慢性HBV感染者肝细胞内的cccDNA含量,分析研究肝细胞内的HBV cccDNA含量与血清HBV DNA、HBV标记物的关系,探索是否能用血清HBV DNA或HBV标记物如HBsAg水平等常规指标来反映或解读肝组织内HBV cccDNA水平状态。
八珍汤改善艾滋病高效抗逆转录病毒治疗所致血液毒副反应的临床观察

艾滋病(AIDS)是由艾滋病毒(HIV)感染所致的一种获得性免疫缺陷综合征。目前尚无根治办法,只能通过高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)控制疾病进展,然而HAART需要终生服用,且具有一定的不良反应,尤其在治疗早期,严重影响患者的依从性和生活质量;而中医药在改善这种毒副反应方面具有特殊的优势,患者更容易接受。本研究利用八珍汤加减改善HAART所致血液毒副反应方面做了一些研究,现报道如下。
Nano-preparation promoting effectively luminescent properties of one-dimensional rare earth oxides

Rare earth (La, Nd and Tb) oxides with one-dimensional micro/nanostructures were synthesized hydrothermally under facile and mild conditions with two surfactants, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence. The results showed that the synthesized rare earth oxides behaved regular nano- and micro-scale structures. And the morphologies of samples depended on the radii of rare earth ions, with the help of two surfactants of sodium dodecyl sulfonic and PEG 600. Nanocrystalline La_2O_3:Eu~(3+) possessed good photoluminescence (PL) property and might be used as a nanosized phosphor, its PL intensity was altered by the doping Eu~(3+) concentration and the optimum concentration of Eu~(3+) was 3 mol.%. In comparison with bulk Eu~(3+)/La_2O_3, Eu~(3+)/nano-La_2O_3 showed better photoluminescence property, nearly equal to that of nanocrtstalline La_2O_3:Eu~(3+). Tb_4O_7 microwires showed interesting photoluminescence properties.