mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the electrical conductivity of hydrous minerals in the crust and the mantle under high pressure and high temperature

Hydrous minerals are important water carriers in the crust and the mantle, especially in the subduction zone. With the recent development of the experimental technique, studies of the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals under controlled temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity, have helped to constrain the water distribution in the Earth’s interior. This paper introduces high pressure and temperature experimental study of electrical conductivity measurement of hydrous minerals such as serpentine, talc, brucite, phase A, super hydrous phase B and phase D, and assesses the data quality of the above minerals. The dehydration effect and the pressure effect on the bulk conductivity of the hydrous minerals are specifically emphasized. The conduction mechanism of hydrous minerals and the electrical structure of the subduction zone are discussed based on the available conductivity data. Finally, the potential research fields of the electrical conductivity of hydrous minerals is presented.
High-P/T experimental studies and water in the silicate mantle

Water (or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth’s climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth’s water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties.
Estimation of the desorption energy of dichloromethane and water in MIL-53 by DSC and ab-initio calculations

Desorption energies of dichloromethane (CH_2Cl_2) and water (H_2O) in a metal-organic framework, MIL-53(Al), were investigated by the combination of experimental (differential scanning calorimeter, DSC) and computational (ab-initio calculations) methods. The differences of desorption energy and natural log of the frequency factor of CH_2Cl_2 and H_2O in MIL-53(Al) were analyzed by a thermo active process using DSC measurements. The interaction energy of guest molecules with MIL-53(Al), which corresponds to the desorption in the thermal active process, was explored using ab-initio calculation. As a result of the difference in the interaction energies of H_2O and CH_2Cl_2 in MIL-53(Al), the site near the μ2-OH groups has two potential wells. Both experimentally and computationally, MIL-53 presents the preferential adsorption of CH_2Cl_2 than H_2O.
Strong laws of large numbers for sub-linear expectations

We investigate three kinds of strong laws of large numbers for capacities with a new notion of independently and identically distributed (IID) random variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng. It turns out that these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers to the case where probability measures are no longer additive. An important feature of these strong laws of large numbers is to provide a frequentist perspective on capacities.
Profile of Xiyun Yan

Dr. Xiyun Yan obtained her B.S. degree in 1983, from the Henan Medical College, and then studied cell biology in Professor Shizhang Bei's lab in the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) until leaving for Germany in 1989. After receiving her medical doctor's degree from Heidelberg University in Germany, she joined the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute in New York as a postdoctoral research fellow. In 1997, Dr. Yan returned to China through her selection in the “Hundred Talents Program” by CAS. She has since studied tumor biology, finding novel targets and developing new methods for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Her work has been well recognized and respected internationally through honors such as the National Prize for Natural Science and Atlas Award by Elsevier. In 2015, she was elected as the new president of Asian Biophysics Association and Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Kloosterman sums with multiplicative coefficients

Let f(n) be a multiplicative function satisfying |f(n)| ≤ 1, q (≤ N~2) be a positive integer and a be an integer with (a, q) = 1. In this paper, we shall prove that where n is the multiplicative inverse of n such that nn ≡ 1 (mod q), e(x) = exp(2πix), and  τ (·) is the divisor function.
甲胺气体处理修复钙钛矿薄膜缺陷

有机无机杂化钙钛矿由于其独特的光、电、磁性能以及制备工艺简单、成本低等特点,一直备受关注,特别是自2009年第一次将其应用于太阳能电池以来,钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率由3.8%迅速上升到目前的20.1%,并且钙钛矿在二极管和激光器件等领域也受到了广泛关注.在这些器件中,钙钛矿活性材料是其核心部分,钙钛矿膜的好坏是影响器件性能的关键因素,因此,对钙钛矿成膜性的研究具有重要意义.
Effect of magnesium on the aluminothermic reduction rate of zinc oxide obtained from spent alkaline battery anodes for the preparation of Al-Zn-Mg alloys

The aluminothermic reduction of zinc oxide (ZnO) from alkaline battery anodes using molten Al may be a good option for the elaboration of secondary 7000-series alloys. This process is affected by the initial content of Mg within molten Al, which decreases the surface tension of the molten metal and conversely increases the wettability of ZnO particles. The effect of initial Mg concentration on the aluminothermic reduction rate of ZnO was analyzed at the following values: 0.90wt%, 1.20wt%, 4.00t%, 4.25wt%, and 4.40wt%. The ZnO particles were incorporated by mechanical agitation using a graphite paddle inside a bath of molten Al maintained at a constant temperature of 1123 K and at a constant agitation speed of 250 r/min, the treatment time was 240 min and the ZnO particle size was 450-500 mesh. The results show an increase in Zn concentration in the prepared alloys up to 5.43wt% for the highest initial concentration of Mg. The reaction products obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the efficiency of the reaction was measured on the basis of the different concentrations of Mg studied.
Wind effects on the migration routes of trans-Saharan soaring raptors: geographical, seasonal, and interspecific variation

Wind is among the most important environmental factors shaping birds' migration patterns. Birds must deal with the displacement caused by crosswinds and their behavior can vary according to different factors such as flight mode, migratory season, experience, and distance to goal areas. Here we analyze the relationship between wind and migratory movements of three raptor species which migrate by soaring–gliding flight: Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, booted eagle Aquila pennata, and short-toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus. We analyzed daily migratory segments (i.e., the path joining consecutive roosting locations) using data recorded by GPS satellite telemetry. Daily movements of Egyptian vultures and booted eagles were significantly affected by tailwinds during both autumn and spring migrations. In contrast, daily movements of short-toed eagles were only significantly affected by tailwinds during autumn migration. The effect of crosswinds was significant in all cases. Interestingly, Egyptian vultures and booted eagles showed latitudinal differences in their behavior: both species compensated more frequently at the onset of autumn migration and, at the end of the season when reaching their wintering areas, the proportion of drift segments was higher. In contrast, there was a higher drift at the onset of spring migration and a higher compensation at the end. Our results highlight the effect of wind patterns on the migratory routes of soaring raptors, with different outcomes in relation to species, season, and latitude, ultimately shaping the loop migration patterns that current tracking techniques are showing to be widespread in many long distance migrants.
Plant H~+-PPases: Reversible Enzymes with Contrasting Functions Dependent on Membrane Environment

Plant proton-translocating pyrophosphatases (H~+-PPases) are generally thought of as tonoplast-localized proton pumps that utilize the energy released by hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond of pyrophosphate (PP_i) to assist in the acidification of the vacuole. It has been suggested that H~+-PPases function as an additional acidification mechanism to complement the ubiquitous V-ATPase, especially in young, growing tissues where PP_i is abundant and ATP is depleted (Shiratake et al., 1997). Prototypical plant H~+-PPases are highly conserved, with overall sequence identities >85%. Although primarily localized to vacuolar and Golgi membranes, density gradient centrifugation, phase partitioning of membrane fractions, and immunogold electron microscopy place H~+-PPases on the plasma membrane (PM) in Ricinus communis, cauliflower, and Arabidopsis (Paez-Valencia et al., 2011 and references therein). There are two distinct subclasses of H~+-PPases: type I, which requires millimolar K~+ for activation, and type II, which is K+- insensitive and is localized exclusively to the Golgi (Fuglsang et al., 2011 and references therein).
Current InjectionProvokes RapidExpansion of the Guard Cell Cytosolic Volume and Triggers Ca~(2+) Signals

High-resolution microscopy opens the door for detailed single-cell studies with fluorescent reporter dyes and proteins. We used a confocal spinning disc microscope to monitor fluorescent dyes and the fluorescent protein Venus in tobacco and Arabidopsis guard cells. Multi-barreled microelectrodes were used to inject dyes and apply voltage pulses, which provoke transient rises in the cytosolic Ca~(2+) level. Voltage pulses also caused changes in the distribution of Lucifer Yellow and Venus, which pointed to a reversible increase of guard cell cytosolic volume. The dynamic cytosolic volume changes turned out to be provoked by current injection of ions. A reduction of the clamp current, by blocking K~+ uptake channels with Cs~+, strongly suppressed the cytosolic volume changes. Cs~+ not only inhibited the expansion of the cytosol, but also inhibited hyperpolarization-induced elevations of the cytosolic Ca~(2+) concentration. A complete loss of voltage-induced Ca~(2+) signals occurred when Ca~(2+)-permeable plasma membrane channels were simultaneously blocked with La~(3+). This shows that two mechanisms cause hyperpolarizationinduced elevation of the cytosolic Ca~(2+)-concentration: (i) activation of voltage-dependent Ca~(2+)-permeable channels, (ii) osmotically induced expansion of the cytosol, which leads to a release of Ca~(2+) from intracellular stores.
A remark on regular points of Ricci limit spaces

Let Y be a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of complete Riemannian nmanifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. A point in Y is called k-regular, if its tangent is unique and is isometric to a k-dimensional Euclidean space. By Cheeger-Colding and Colding-Naber, there is k > 0 such that the set of all k-regular point R_k has a full renormalized measure. An open problem is if R_l = ? for all l < k? The main result in this paper asserts that if R_1 = ?, then Y is a one-dimensional topological manifold. Our result improves Honda’s result that under the assumption that 1 ≤ dimH(Y) < 2.
Panic escape polyethism in worker and soldier Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Termites were the first animal to form societies. Two hundred million years of evolution provide for a multitude of innate social behaviors that can be experimentally dissected. These fine-tuned patterns of behavior are especially interesting when observing group decision making in the panic mode. In this study, we examined behavioral patterns of termites under panic conditions to gain insight into how an escape flow self-organizes. One hundred worker and 10 soldier Coptotermes formosanus were released into agar plates. After a disturbance was created most workers followed each other and ran along the wall of dishes, thus forming a unidirectional escape flow, whereas soldiers showed a significantly higher frequency of moving to the center of the arena or on periphery of the escape flow as compared to workers. Agonistic behavior was usually observed as soldiers moved to center or periphery. This is the first report on the behavioral repertoire of termites when panicked, with details on the behavioral polymorphism of workers and soldiers during an escape.
YB-1, a new biomarker of glioma progression, is associated with the prognosis of glioma patients

Y box protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional cellular protein expressed in various cancers, and is a potential target in cancer therapy. Although there is evidence showing that YB-1 plays a role in human cancers, the clinical significance of YB-1 expression in glioma has not been established. In the present study, we investigated the YB-1 level in glioma tumors and analyzed the relationship between the YB-1 level and the grade of malignant glioma, with the aim of providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas in clinical and basic research settings. A total of 108 patients, comprising 14, 31, 30, and 33 with gliomas of Grades I, II, III, and IV, respectively, were included in this study. The mRNA and protein levels of YB-1 were found to be significantly different between Grade IV and lower-grade tumors. The YB-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in Grades III and IV glioma patients than in Grades I and II patients. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the levels of YB-1 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and results indicated that the intracellular distributionwas significantly associated with the pathological grade of glioma. A higher level of YB-1 was associated with shortened survival, suggesting that YB-1 plays a role in the progression of human glioma.
Aortic arch calcification on chest X-ray combined with coronary calcium score show additional benefit for diagnosis and outcome in patients with angina

Background The coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aortic arch calcification (AoAC) are individually associated with cardiovascular disease and outcome. This study investigated the predictive value of AoAC combined with CAC for cardiovascular diagnosis and outcome in patients with angina. Methods A total of 2018 stable angina patients who underwent chest X-ray and cardiac multi-detector computed tomography were followed up for four years to assess adverse events, which were categorized as cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or repeated revascularization. The extent of AoAC on chest X-ray was graded on a scale from 0 to 3. Results During the four years of follow-up, 620 patients were treated by coronary stenting and 153 (7%) adverse events occurred. A higher grade of AoAC was associated with a higher CAC score. Cox regression showed that the CAC score, but not AoAC, were associated with adverse events. In patients with CAC score < 400, AoAC showed an additive predictive value in detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). A gradual increases in the risk of adverse events were noted if AoAC was present in patients with similar CAC score. Conclusions As AoAC is strongly correlated with the CAC score regardless of age or gender, careful evaluation of CAD would be required in patients with AoAC on conventional chest X-rays.
Impact of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background There is great debate on the possible adverse interaction between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and clopidogrel. In addition, whether the use of PPIs affects the clinical efficacy of ticagrelor remains less known. We aimed to determine the impact of concomitant administration of PPIs and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from a “real world”, international, multi-center registry between 2003 and 2014 (n = 15,401) and assessed the impact of concomitant administration of PPIs and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on 1-year composite primary endpoint (all-cause death, re-infarction, or severe bleeding) in patients with ACS after PCI. Results Of 9429 patients in the final cohort, 54.8% (n = 5165) was prescribed a PPI at discharge. Patients receiving a PPI were older, more often female, and were more likely to have comorbidities. No association was observed between PPI use and the primary endpoint for patients receiving clopidogrel (adjusted HR: 1.036; 95% CI: 0.903–1.189) or ticagrelor (adjusted HR: 2.320; 95% CI: 0.875–6.151) (P_(interaction)= 0.2004). Similarly, use of a PPI was not associated with increased risk of all-cause death, re-infarction, or a decreased risk of severe bleeding for patients treated with either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Conclusions In patients with ACS following PCI, concomitant use of PPIs was not associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients receiving either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Our findings indicate it is reasonable to use a PPI in combination with clopidogrel or ticagrelor, especially in patients with a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Construction of Nanophase Novel Coatings-Based Titanium for the Enhancement of Protein Adsorption

In the recent years, biological nanostructures coatings have been incorporated into orthopedic and dental implants in order to accelerate osseointegration and reducing surgical restrictions. In the present work, chemical etching, anodization and metal doping surfacemodification methodswere integrated in one strategy to fabricate innovative titaniumsurfaces denominated by titanium nanoporous, anodized titanium nanoporous, silver-anodized titanium nanoporous and gold-anodized titanium nanoporous. The stability properties of nanostructures-coated surfaces were elucidated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) after 7 days of immersion in simulated biological fluids. Morphology and chemical compositions of new surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The EIS results and data fitting to the electrical equivalent circuit model demonstrated the influence of adsorption of bovine serum albumin on new surfaces as a function of protein concentration. Adsorption process was described by the very well-known model of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.The thermodynamic parameter△G_(ADS) (-50 to 59 kJ mol~(-1)) is calculated,which supports the instantaneous adsorption of protein from biological fluids to new surfaces and refers to their good biocompatibility. Ultimately, this study explores new surface strategy to gain new implants as a means of improving clinical outcomes of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
杂交水稻新组合绵优5323高产制种技术

绵优5323是绵阳市农业科学研究院利用自育三系不育系绵53A与自育抗病恢复系绵恢523配组育成的中籼迟熟三系杂交水稻新组合。介绍了该组合亲本的特征特性,总结了其高产优质制种技术。
分子与金属纳米粒子间能量传递研究重要进展

北京大学郑俊荣教授与厦门大学郑南峰教授等合作,利用时间分辨多维振动光谱技术,深入系统地研究了金属纳米粒子表面吸附分子体系的能量转移超快动力学过程。他们的研究发现,当吸附在金属纳米粒子(Pt和Pb)表面的一氧化碳分子被激发到振动激发态后,CO分子会很快弛豫回基态,同时通过电子-空穴对的激发把能量传递给纳米粒子。当纳米粒子的直径从2 nm缩小到1 nm时,这一过程的速率变慢了20倍!而且CO分子吸附位点也对这一过程的时间常数有明显影响。这一结果对理解异相催化过程中金属纳米结构表面分子的反应动力学具有非常关键的意义。他们的成果最近发表在Nature Communications1上,题目为:Two Distinctive Energy Migration Pathways of Monolayer Molecules on Metal Nanoparticle Surfaces 。
锂离子吸附行为调控抑制金属锂负极枝晶生长

锂离子电池储能具有高能量密度和便携的优势,经过20年的发展逐步获得了市场的广泛认可,在个人电子设备、电动汽车等领域实现了规模应用。在已知电极材料中,锂金属负极以3860 mAh?g~(-1)的高容量和最负的电势(-3.040 V (vs标准氢电极))而成为储能界的“圣杯”,受到研究人员的广泛关注。在20世纪70年代,锂金属一次电池已经在心脏起搏器、空间探索、石油勘探等诸多领域实现了商业应用。当金属锂作为二次电池负极时,可逆沉积锂容易形成锂枝晶。个别锂枝晶刺穿隔膜,造成电池内部短路,形成安全隐患。抑制枝晶生长是实现高能量密度锂金属电池(如锂硫电池、锂氧电池)规模应用的关键。
一种新型锂离子和钠离子电池两用二维负极材料

伴随着人们对于清洁、便携式能源需求的不断增长,锂离子电池由于较高的能量密度以及较长的循环寿命一直成为学术界和产业界追逐的热点,目前已广泛应用于各种便携式电子设备和电网储能,特别是近年来在新能源汽车领域的商业化应用越来越迫切1,2。众所周知,锂离子电池的综合表现高度依赖其电极材料。现阶段广泛使用的负极材料是石墨,石墨成本低廉且具有较好的综合性能,但其较低的储锂容量满足不了新一代高比能电池的技术要求。其它负极材料如硅、氧化物等也都面临一些应用问题,其中最突出的就是充放电过程中的体积膨胀及导电性较差,这将导致循环寿命大幅度缩短。近些年来,钠离子电池作为一种锂离子电池的替代储能器件获得了迅速的发展,这主要是源于钠离子电池优秀的安全性、丰富廉价的原材料以及环境友好等特性3。因此如何设计和制备适用于新一代锂/钠离子电池两用负极材料同时具备较高的容量、优异的循环特性、快速充放电能力以及满足大规模使用的安全性,是一个非常有意义的课题。
氮掺杂有序介孔少层碳:一种新型高比电容电极材料

碳材料具有丰富的结构构型、奇特的电子结构和非凡的物理性质。比如,单质碳的结构构型包括三维的金刚石、二维的石墨烯、一维的纳米碳管、零维的富勒烯球;其导电性能迥异,禁带宽度从金刚石的Eg = 5.47 eV、C_(60)的Eg = 1.5 eV、半导型碳纳米管的Eg > 0 eV和金属型Eg = 0 eV、到石墨或石墨烯的0 eV。这些特征为碳材料结构的设计和剪裁提供了便利,因此碳材料用作高性能超级电容器的电极材料被寄予厚望。
改善超声医学影像科患者就医体验的效果观察

通过研究分析超声医学影像科患者的心理特点和就诊需求,对不同患者给予针对性的护理措施,营造温馨的就诊环境,减轻或消除患者的不良心理因素,彻底改善了患者的就医体验,提高了超声检查工作效率、护理质量及患者的满意度。
Early-stage nucleation of manganese sulfide particle and its processing evolution in Fe--3wt.%Si alloys

Manganese sulfide is often referred to as one of important inhibitors in grain-oriented electrical steels, which is of great importance to yield strong Goss texture. However, the early stage of nucleation for such inhibitors and their evolution during the processing has not been well understood. In present work we selected a Fe--3.12wt.%Si-- 0.11wt.%Mn--0.021wt.%S model system and used FE-SEM and atom probe tomography (APT) to investigate the precipitation behavior of MnS inhibitors at near atomic scale. It was found that the Si--S enriched clusters with sizes of 5--15 nm were formed close to the MnS particles. The density of inhibitors decreased after large pseudo-plane-strain compression because of the effect of dislocation motion, and then slightly increased again when sample was aged at 200°C for 48 h. The dislocations and grain boundaries can act as fast diffusion paths and assist the reemergence of Si--S enriched clusters.
Human germ line editing—roles and responsibilities

The mere idea of altering the human germ line has caused excitement as well as fears since decades. The good and, in particular, the dubious motives for such interventions and the anticipated troublesome outcomes have been a recurring theme in literature, art, movies. Until recently, these were merely science fiction scenarios. Yet, considerations about the impact of potential future alteration of the human germ line played a prominent role already in debates ahead of the first clinical trials with somatic gene therapy in 1985 (Anderson, 1985; Fletcher, 1985). Now, three decades later, human germ line modification has become a scientific reality with the experiment on CRISPR/ Cas9-mediated gene editing in human-tripronuclear-zygotes by Liang et al., as published in this journal (Liang et al., 2015).
Interesting Features of Ionization Potentials for Elements (Z ≤ 119) along the Periodic Table

The ionization potential (IP) is a basic property of an atom, which has many applications such as in element analysis. With the Dirac–Slater methods (i.e., mean field theory), IPs of all occupied orbitals for elements with atomic number (Z≤ 119) are calculated conveniently and systematically. Compared with available experimental measurements, the theoretical accuracies of IPs for various occupied orbitals are ascertained. The map of the inner orbital IPs with good accuracies should be useful to select x-ray energies for element analysis. Based on systematic variations of the first IPs for the outermost orbitals in good agreement with experimental values as well as other IPs, mechanisms of electronic configurations of all atomic elements (Z≤ 119) along the periodic table are elucidated. It is interesting to note that there exist some deficiencies of the intermediate orbital IPs, which are due to electron correlations and should be treated beyond the mean field theory.
一步合成钴、氮共掺的碳材料:氧还原和氧析出反应双功能电催化剂

在新能源技术中(例如金属-空气电池、燃料电池和分解水),氧气和水之间的电催化转化是非常关键的步骤.目前,铂及铂的复合材料被认为是用于氧还原反应(ORR)的最佳催化剂,而钌和铱的氧化物是析氧反应(OER)的最佳催化剂.然而,这些材料成本高并且耐久性差,很难广泛应用.因此,开发高效率、低成本和具有良好稳定性的催化剂来代替这些贵重金属催化剂是一项迫在眉睫的任务.