mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts in tropical forests of

Aims Epiphytes and hemiparasites do not have direct access to soil nutrients.Epiphytes acquire nutrients through symbiosis,foliar leachates and throughfall,whilst hemiparasites have specialized structures (haustoria) to acquire nutrients from their host.Irrespective of the green leaf nutrient concentrations of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts,nutrient-resorption efficiency and proficiency are expected to be the greater in epiphytes than in their hosts and in hemiparasites.These hypotheses were tested.Methods Green and senescing leaves of epiphytes (n=23),hemiparasites (n=9) and their hosts were collected,and leaf area,leaf dry weight,nutrient (nitrogen-N,phosphorus-P,potassium-K,calcium-Ca) and sodium (Na) concentrations were measured,and resorption efficiency (%) and proficiency were calculated.Important Findings Concentrations of N,P,K,Ca and Na in green leaves of epiphytes and hemiparasites were either similar or greater than those of their hosts,except for lower green leaf N concentration in hemiparasites.Epiphytes resorbed N,P,K and Na,while their hosts resorbed only N,P and K.Hemiparasites and their hosts resorbed P,K and Na while N was not resorbed.Overall,resorption efficiency was greatest in epiphytes >hemiparasites=hosts,while the resorption proficiencies were similar or greater for epiphytes and hemiparasites compared with their hosts,except for N in hemiparasites.Relatively high nutrient concentrations in epiphytes were associated with greater resorption efficiency.Understanding contrasting nutrient concentrations in epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts will be important in recognising their contribution to ecosystem nutrient cycling.
Local meteorology in a northern Himalayan valley near Mount Everest and its response to seasonal transitions

An automatic weather station (AWS) has been installed at the Qomolangma Station of the China Academy of Sciences (QOMS) since 2005, in a northern Himalayan valley near Mount Everest, with an altitude of 4,270 m a.s.l.. Nine years of meteorological records (2006-2014) from the automatic weather station (AWS) were analyzed in this study, aiming to understand the response of local weather to the seasonal transition on the northern slopes of Mount Everest, with consideration of the movement of the subtropical jet (STJ) and the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). We found: (1) Both the synoptic circulation and the orography have a profound influence on the local weather, especially the local circulation. (2) Southwesterly (SW) and southeasterly (SE) winds prevail alternately at QOMS in the afternoon through the year. The SW wind was driven by the STJ during the non-monsoon months, while the SE was induced by the trans-Himalayan flow through the Arun Valley, a major valley to the east of Mount Everest, under a background of weak westerly winds aloft. (3) The response of air temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) to the monsoon onset is not as marked as that of the nearsurface winds. The q increases gradually and reaches a maximum in July when the rainy period begins. (4) The alternation between the SW wind at QOMS and the afternoon SE wind in the pre-monsoon season signals the northward shift of the STJ and imminent monsoon onset. The average interval between these two events is 14 days.
Contrasting vegetation changes in dry and humid regions of the Tibetan Plateau over recent decades

An overall greening over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent decades has been established through analyses of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), though the regional pattern of the changes and associated drivers remain to be explored. This study used a satellite Leaf Area Index (LAI) dataset (the GLASS LAI dataset) and examined vegetation changes in humid and arid regions of the TP during 1982-2012. Based on distributions of the major vegetation types, the TP was divided roughly into a humid southeastern region dominated by meadow and a dry northwestern region covered mainly by steppe. It was found that the dividing line between the two regions corresponded well with the lines of mean annual precipitation of 400 mm and the mean LAI of 0.3. LAI=0.3 was subsequently used as a threshold for investigating vegetation type changes at the interanual and decadal time scales: if LAI increased from less than 0.3 to greater than 0.3 from one time period to the next, it was regarded as a change from steppe to meadow, and vice versa. The analysis shows that changes in vegetation types occurred primarily around the dividing line of the two regions, with clear growth (reduction) of the area covered by meadow (steppe), in consistency with the findings from using another independent satellite product. Surface air temperature and precipitation (diurnal temperature range) appeared to contribute positively (negatively) to this change though climate variables displayed varying correlation with LAI for different time periods and different regions.
A Genomic Variation Map Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Spring Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Selection

Chinese cabbage is the most consumed leafy crop in East Asian countries. However, premature bolting induced by continuous low temperatures severely decreases the yield and quality of the Chinese cabbage, and therefore restricts its planting season and geographic distribution. In the past 40 years, spring Chinese cabbage with strong winterness has been selected to meet the market demand. Here, we report a genome variation map of Chinese cabbage generated from the resequencing data of 194 geographically diverse accessions of three ecotypes. In-depth analyses of the selection sweeps and genome-wide patterns revealed that spring Chinese cabbage was selected from a specific population of autumn Chinese cabbage around the area of Shandong peninsula in northern China. We identified 23 genomic loci that underwent intensive selection, and further demonstrated by gene expression and haplotype analyses that the incorporation of elite alleles of VERNALISATION INSENTIVE 3.1 (BrVIN3.1) and FLOWER LOCUS C 1 (BrFLC1) is a determinant genetic source of variation during selection. Moreover, we showed that the quantitative response of BrVIN3.1 to cold due to the sequence variations in the cis elements of the BrVIN3.1 promoter significantly contributes to bolting-time variation in Chinese cabbage. Collectively, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of spring Chinese cabbage selection and will facilitate the breeding of bolting-resistant varieties by molecular-marker-assisted selection, transgenic or gene editing approaches.
The Flowering Repressor SVP Confers Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis by Regulating Abscisic Acid Catabolism

Terrestrial plants must cope with drought stress to survive.Under drought stress,plants accumulate the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) by increasing its biosynthesis and decreasing its catabolism.However,the regulatory pathways controlling ABA catabolism in response to drought remain largely unclear.Here,wereport that the flowering repressorSHORT VEGETATIVEPHASE(SVP) is induced by drought stress and associates with the promoter regions of the ABA catabolism pathway genes CYP707A1,CYP707A3 and AtBG1,causing decreased expression ofCYP707A1 andCYP707A3 but enhanced expression of AtBG1 in Arabidopsis leaves.Loss-of-functionmutations in CYP707A1 and CYP707A3 or overexpression of AtBG1 could rescue the drought-hypersensitive phenotype of svpmutant plants by increasing cellular ABA levels.Collectively,our results suggest that SVP is a central regulator of ABA catabolism and that a regulatory pathway involving SVP,CYP707A1/3,and AtBG1 plays a critical role in plant response to water deficit and plant drought resistance.
Modulation of Guard Cell Turgor and Drought Tolerance by a Peroxisomal Acetate-MalateShunt

In plants, stomatal movements are tightly controlled by changes in cellular turgor pressure. Carbohydrates produced by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle play an important role in regulating turgor pressure. Here,we describe an Arabidopsismutant, bzu1, isolated in a screen for elevated leaf temperature in response to drought stress, which displays smaller stomatal pores and higher drought resistance than wild-type plants. BZU1 encodes a known acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, ACN1, which acts in the first step of a metabolic pathway converting acetate to malate in peroxisomes. We showed that BZU1/ACN1-mediated acetate-to-malate conversion provides a shunt that plays an important role in osmoregulation of stomatal turgor.We found that the smaller stomatal pores in the bzu1 mutant are a consequence of reduced accumulation of malate, which acts as an osmoticum and/or a signaling molecule in the control of turgor pressure within guard cells, and these results provided new genetic evidence for malate-regulated stomatal movement. Collectively, our results indicate that a peroxisomal BZU1/ACN1-mediated acetate-malate shunt regulates drought resistance by controlling the turgor pressure of guard cells in Arabidopsis.
Influences on oxidation voltage and holding time on poly(3-methylthiophene) film for electrochromic stability

In this study,we report the influences of oxidation potential and holding time on the electrochromic (EC) stability of poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) film during the electrochemical reaction.The cycle stability and transmittance changes of the film were investigated by optimizing the oxidation potential,and its chemical compositions were measured by x-ray photoelectron spectra after multiple electrochemical cycles.High oxidation potentials can increase the P3MT film color contrast and decrease its cycle stability because of accelerating chemical decomposition.Moreover,the holding time with potential pulsing was analyzed by using the optical memory of P3MT at an optimized oxidation potential,which revealed the reduced voltage duration saved energy consumption by 11.6% and improved the EC cycle stability without changing in color contrast.
Numerical simulation of metal evaporation based on the kinetic model equation and the direct simulation Monte Carlo method

Metal evaporation on the basis of the kinetic model equations (BGK and S-model) and the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method was investigated computationally under the circumstances of collimators existing or not.Numerical data of distributions of number density,bulk velocity and temperature were reported over a wide range of evaporation rate.It was shown that these results reached a good agreement for the case of small evaporation rate,while the deviations became increasingly obvious with the increase of evaporation rate,especially when the collimators existed.Moreover,the deposition thickness over substrate obtained from the kinetic model equations were inaccurate even though the evaporation rate was small.All of the comparisons showed the reliability of the kinetic model equations,which require less computational cost at small evaporation rate and simple structure.
Polarization ratio characteristics of electromagnetic scattering from sea ice in polar areas

In the global climate system,the polar regions are sensitive indicators of climate change,in which sea ice plays an important role.Satellite remote sensing is a significant tool for monitoring sea ice.The use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to distinguish sea ice from sea water is one of the current research hotspots in this topic.To distinguish sea ice from the open sea,the polarization ratio characteristics of sea ice and sea water are studied for L-band and C-band radars,based on an electromagnetic scattering model of sea ice derived from the integral equation method (IEM) and the radiative transfer (RT) model.Numerical experiments are carried out based on the model and the results are given as follows.For L-band,the polarization ratio for sea water depends only on the incident angle,while the polarization ratio for sea ice is related to the incident angle and the ice thickness.For C-band,the sea water polarization ratio is influenced by the incident angle and the root mean square (RMS) height of the sea surface.For C-band,for small to medium incident angles,the polarization ratio for bare sea ice is mainly determined by the incident angle and ice thickness.When the incident angle increases,the RMS height will also affect the polarization ratio for bare sea ice.If snow covers the sea ice,then the polarization ratio for sea ice decreases and is affected by the RMS height of snow surface,snow thickness,volume fraction and the radius of scatterers.The results show that the sea ice and the open sea can be distinguished by using either L-band or C-band radar according to their polarization ratio difference.However,the ability of L-band to make this differentiation is higher than that of C-band.
The non-canonical Wnt pathway leads to aged dendritic cell differentiation

Hematopoietic systems undergo a series of changes as they age, including (1) increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool size, especially for the long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs); (2) skewing of hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage and an increase in the myeloid-dominant HSCs in the HSC pool; and (3) decreased repopulation potential per HSC. In line with these changes, myeloid cells (mainly granulocytes) increase, whereas lymphoid cells (B cells) decrease in aged mice.1,2 Studies of the heart, muscle, skin and blood have demonstrated that changes in signaling pathways (i.e. the Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, NFκB and mTOR pathways) may underlay (stem) cell aging, and excitingly, the modulation of these pathways may restore tissues to a more youthful state.3,4 Among these pathways, small RhoGTPase cell division control 42 (CDC42) has been identified as a key regulator of aging in HSCs.2 This molecule is downstream of the non-canonical Wnt pathway. CDC42 activity increases in the bone marrow and other tissues with age, and this increase has been causally linked to HSC polarity, differentiation, engraftment, and aging.2 The elevated activity of CDC42 in aged HSCs seems to be a direct consequence of increased stem cell-intrinsic expression of WNT5A and, thereby, a shift from canonical to non-canonical Wnt signaling. The mechanism by which WNT5A expression in aged HSCs is induced remains largely unknown, but possibly involves epigenetic modifications.
Osteopontin and the immune system: another brick in the wall

The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are finely tuned to efficiently react to either endogenous or exogenous noxiae that perturb the function of our tissues and organs, thus rapidly returning to homeostasis with minimal collateral damage. The molecular mechanisms by which this occurs have been only partially elucidated. The work by Kanayama et al.1 contributes to the building of this wall of knowledge by adding an important brick. They show that osteopontin(OPN), a phosphorylated protein of the extracellular matrix(ECM), has a dominant role in balancing lymphoid and myeloid cells during emergency granulopoiesis(that is, an increased cellular output from the bone marrow to meet the acute demand for the respective blood cell type).2 OPN that is produced and released by bone marrow(BM) stromal cells negatively impacts the pool size of hematopoietic stem cells(that is, Lin~–Sca-1~+c-kit~+).3,4 The role of OPN on myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells was unknown. Kanayama et al.1 clearly establish that in conditions that trigger emergency granulopoiesis(for example, irradiation, treatment with thioglycollate, C. albicans infection), intracellular OPN(iOPN) limits myeloid progenitor cells by exerting a proapoptotic role. While iOPN is not proapoptotic in neutrophils, monocytes or lymphoid progenitors, secreted osteopontin(sOPN) favors T- and B-cell expansion by inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, the net effect of OPN consists of decreasing the size of myeloid progenitors and increasing the size of lymphoid cells during demand-adapted myelopoiesis and lymphoid cell expansion in lymphopenic hosts.
Kinematic error modeling and error compensation of desktop 3D printer

Desktop 3D printers have revolutionized how designers and makers prototype and manufacture certain products. Highly popular fuse deposition modeling (FDM) desktop printers have enabled a shift to low-cost consumer goods markets, through reduced capital equipment investment and consumable material costs. However, with this drive to reduce costs, the computer numerical control (CNC) systems implemented in FDM printers are often compromised by poor accuracy and contouring errors. This condition is most critical as users begin to use 3D-printed components in load-bearing applications or to perform mechanical functions. Improved methods of low-cost 3D printer calibration are needed before their open-design potential can be realized in applications, including 3D-printed orthotics and prosthetics. This paper appliesmethodologies associated with high-precision CNC machining systems, namely, kinematic error modeling and compensation coupled with standardized test methods fromISO_230-4, such as the ballbar for kinematic and dynamic error measurements, to examine the influence and feasibility for use on low-cost CNC/3D printing platforms. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's “Technical considerations for additive manufactured medical devices” highlighted the need to develop standards specific to additive manufacturing in regulated manufacturing environments. This paper shows the benefits of themethods describedwithin ISO_230-4 for error assessment, alongside applying kinematic errormodeling and compensation to the popular kinematic configuration of an Ultimaker 3Dprinter. A Renishaw ballbar QC10 is used to quantify the Ultimaker's errors and thereby populate the errormodel. Thismethod quantifies machine errors and populates these in amathematicalmodel of the CNC system. Then, a post-processor can be used to compensate the printing code. Subsequently, the ballbar is used to demonstrate the dramatic impact of the error compensation model on the accuracy and contouring of the Ultimaker printer with 58 %reduction in overall circularity error and 90 %reduction in squareness error.
人工耳蜗电极误植入咽鼓管一例报道

综上所述,人工耳蜗植入,需要我们耳科医师熟练掌握中耳、内耳的精细解剖。同时,我们要认识到术前评估及术中电极阻抗、听神经动作电位检测的重要性,术后结合多层螺旋CT等对耳蜗植入精确性做出全面、客观的评估,对少数植入位置异常的病例,及时发现和纠正。
固有免疫细胞在支气管哮喘发病中的作用

支气管哮喘是由多种细胞及细胞组分参与的慢性炎症性气道疾病。固有免疫细胞是机体固有免疫的重要组成部分,包括树突状细胞、肥大细胞和固有淋巴细胞等。研究表明固有免疫细胞在哮喘发病中发挥重要作用,但具体机制尚不清楚。深入研究固有免疫细胞在哮喘发病中的作用及其机制可以提高对哮喘发病机制的认识,并为探讨哮喘的新治疗方法开辟新的途径。我们主要总结了固有免疫细胞在哮喘发病中的作用。
子宫内膜癌微卫星不稳定性研究新进展

继雌激素持久刺激和基因异常后,微卫星的不稳定状态被认为是子宫内膜恶性肿瘤形成的第三因素,其由功能异常的DNA错配修复系统引起。近年来发现微卫星不稳定性与肿瘤关系密切,是肿瘤形成的一种重要因素,但微卫星不稳定性在检测方法、肿瘤形成中的作用和肿瘤治疗等方面尚无统一认识,特别是在子宫内膜癌中,微卫星不稳定性应用存有很大争议,本文就近年来相关研究进行总结。
注射用脉动素对大鼠生殖功能影响的研究

脉动素浓缩液主要成分为中药夏天无提取物生物碱-阿片碱,夏天无是一种传统民间中药,具有活血通络,行气止痛的功效,临床上常用于治疗腰椎间盘突出症、坐骨神经痛和风湿性关节炎等,目前已开发出多种夏天无制剂。本实验按照大鼠I段生殖毒性的评价要求,通过对雌雄动物由交配前到交配期直至胚胎着床给药,以评价受试物脉动素浓缩液对动物生殖的毒性或干扰作用,为该药物的临床应用提供实验依据。注射用脉动素是新近开发的拟用于心脑血管疾病的一类新药,对其进行生殖毒性研究是药物上市前安全性评价工作的一个必不可少的环节。
苯并芘致肺癌的研究进展

苯并芘[benzo(a) pyrene,BaP]是多环芳烃类代表性的致癌物,主要由含碳物质的高温分解和不完全燃烧产生,广泛存在于人们的生产和生活环境中。实验研究表明BaP可诱发多种动物发生肿瘤,人群流行病学调查也提示BaP与人类肺癌的发生密切相关。 2006年IARC已将BaP归为Ⅰ类致癌物。肺癌是人类呼吸系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,对人类的生命健康危害很大。在全球,肺癌的发病率和死亡率均居癌症之首。在我国肺癌的发病率与死亡率一直处于明显上升趋势,这与大气中BaP的污染密切相关。明确BaP与肺癌的发生机制以及相关分子标志物对肺癌的防治具有重要意义。本文从人群流行病学资料、致癌机制以及分子标志物等几个方面对BaP致肺癌的相关研究作一综述。
男性乳腺分泌性癌

本例是以乳头状结构为主要生长方式的分泌性癌,常见结构模式为微囊状、腺管状和实性,以乳头状结构模式为主的分泌性癌较为少见,需与其它乳头状结构的乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别.细胞内外的分泌现象、肿瘤细胞形态温和、三阴性和S-100阳性等,必要时检测ETV基因相关易位,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.
1 009例乳腺癌GATA3免疫组化染色结果分析

目的观察GATA3在乳腺癌中表达的规律.方法收集近年诊断为乳腺癌且行GATA3免疫组化检测的1 009例标本,将所有病例按照不同的分期、分级、分子亚型、组织学亚型等项目进行分组,统计GATA3表达在各分组间的分布差异.结果GATA3在原位癌、原发浸润癌、转移癌中的阴性率分别为0、5.3%、11.5%(P < 0.05);在1、2、3级原发浸润性癌中的阴性率分别为0、1.6%、10.2%(P < 0.05);在Luminal型(A样及B型)、HER-2阳性型和三阴型中的阴性率分别为0、4.5%、27.3%(P < 0.05);在化生性癌、髓样癌、大汗腺癌中的阴性率分别为52.9%、23.8%、12.5%(P < 0.05);在转移性乳腺癌中,GATA3的阳性率(88.5%)高于Mammaglobin(30.8%)和GCDFP-15(46.2%)(P < 0.05);而在年龄、T分期、N分期中差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05).结论GATA3阴性容易在高级别、增殖指数高、三阴型、特殊类型乳腺癌中出现,GATA3在转移性乳腺癌中有较高的敏感度.
BEIS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者术后核心肌群康复训练

目的探讨核心肌群康复训练在经皮椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的应用及效果.方法将126例经皮椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各63例.对照组术后进行常规康复训练,观察组采取针对性核心肌群康复训练干预.结果干预3个月时后,观察组疼痛程度显著轻于对照组,疗效及腰椎功能恢复情况显著优于对照组(均P < 0.05).结论实施核心肌群康复训练干预,有利于减轻经皮椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疼痛,促进腰椎功能恢复,提高治疗效果.
(足母)趾腓侧游离皮瓣修复拇指和手指掌侧软组织缺损的临床经验

目的探讨(足母)趾腓侧游离皮瓣移植修复拇、手指掌侧软组织缺损的临床效果。方法分析2016年1月至2018年3月收治的46例拇、手指掌侧软组织缺损患者的临床资料:拇、手指掌侧缺损面积为0.8 cm×1.5 cm~3.0 cm×5.0 cm,急诊或亚急诊采用(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复,切取(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣面积为1.0 cm×2.0 cm~3.0 cm×5.5 cm,(足母)趾腓侧供区直接缝合、植皮或游离皮瓣修复。术后通过定期随访,观察皮瓣外形、感觉、关节活动度、抓捏等精细动作及患者满意度。结果46例移植(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣均成活,未发生血管危象;13例术中进行部分修薄处理。随访3~24个月,皮瓣外形逼真,指纹较好,质地良好,两点辨别觉为0.5~1.1 cm。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准,优29例,良13例,中3例,差1例,优良率为91.3%。结论(足母)趾腓侧游离皮瓣移植修复拇、手指掌侧软组织缺损,可最大限度恢复伤指的外形与功能,同时皮瓣解剖容易,耐磨性好,对供足影响小,手术较安全,临床效果良好。
Effects of PM2.5 Exposure in Different Air Quality Grades on Daily Outpatient Visits for Childhood Asthma in Shijiazhuang, China

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that is more prevalent in children than in adults. China has seen an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in recent decades. Earlier studies have shown that air particulate matter(PM), particularly fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)), is an important factor triggering childhood asthma. Since national PM_(2.5) data were not available until 2013, the effects of PM_(2.5) on childhood asthma are less known, and most of the related research has been conducted primarily in some metropolises in China. Moreover, the majority of these studies focus on the impact of a unit increase(1 or 10 μg/m~3) or an interquartile range increase in PM_(2.5) on childhood asthma based on the same pollutant background concentrations. Assessment of the impact of air quality grades(AQGs) based on PM_(2.5) concentration related to health effects is rarely considered. Thus, the purpose of this study is to confirm the effects of PM_(2.5) on daily outpatient visits for childhood asthma in Shijiazhuang, a heavily polluted city with a high prevalence of childhood asthma in China, for the period 2013-2015, and to evaluate the association between PM_(2.5) exposure in different national AQGs and outpatient visits for childhood asthma in this city.
Impact of Enterprise Ownership and Size on Registered Hematotoxicity in Benzene-exposed Workers

Benzene is a classified as a human carcinogen that can cause myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. This compound is also a potent toxin suppressing the bone marrow. Accordingly, benzene causes serious hematological adverse effects, such as pancytopenia and aplastic anemia. In the 1920s, the carcinogenicity of benzene was identified in humans, in which it was shown to cause acute myelocytic leukemia(AML). The reports highlighting the first cases of hematopoietic disease associated with benzene appeared in China in the late 1950s. Moreover, benzene exposure is likely to result in AML, having been identified as a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(1987). A meta-analysis has determined the links existing between childhood leukemia and the numbers of latent benzene exposure metrics.