mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of forest management on biomass stocks in Romanian beech forests

Background:Forest management aims at obtaining a sustainable production of wood to be harvested to generate products or energy.However,the quantitative influence of forest management and of removals by harvest on biomass stocks has rarely been analysed on a large scale based on measurements.Two hypotheses prevail:management induces a reduction of wood stocks due to cuttings,versus no impact because of increased growth of the remaining trees.Using data collected for 2840 permanent plots across Romania from the National Forest Inventory representing ~ 2.5 Mha,we have tested to what extent different management types and treatments can influence the biomass stock and productivity of beech forests,and attempt to quantify these effects both on the short and long terms.Three main types of beech forest management are implemented in Romania with specific objectives:intensive wood production in production forests,protection of ecosystem services(e.g.watersheds,avalanche protection)in protection forests,and protection of the forest and its biodiversity in protected forests.Production forests encompass two treatments differing according to the stand regeneration method:the age class rotation management and the group shelterwood management.Results:We show that forest management had little influence on the biomass stocks at a given stand age.The highest stocks at stand age 100 were observed in production forests(the most intensively managed forests).Consequences of early cuttings were very short-termed because the increase in tree growth rapidly compensated for tree cuttings.The cumulated biomass of production forests exceeded that of protected and protection forests.Regarding the treatment,the group shelterwood forests had a markedly higher production over a full rotation period.The total amount of deadwood was primarily driven by the amount of standing deadwood,and no management effect was detected.Conclusions:Given the relatively low-intensity management in Romania,forest management had no negative impact on wood stocks in beech forests biomass stocks at large scale.Stand productivity was very similar among management types or treatments.However cumulated biomass in production forests was higher than in protection or protected forests,and differed markedly according to treatments with a higher cumulated biomass in shelterwood forests.
A mixed-method study on medicinal herb collection in relation to wildlife conservation: The case of giant pandas in China

Medicinal herb collection has historical and cultural roots in many rural communities in developing countries. Areas where herb collection occurs may overlap with biodiversity hotspots and crucial habitat of endangered and threatened species. However, impacts of such practices on wildlife are unknown and possibly underestimated, perhaps due to the elusive nature of such activities. We examined this phenomenon in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, a protected area in the South-Central China biodiversity hotspot that also supports a community of Tibetan, Qiang and Han people who use herb collection as a supplementary source of livelihood. We adopted a participatory approach in which we engaged local people in outlining spatial and temporal dynamics of medicinal herb collection practices. We found that the overall spatial extent of herb collection increased in the past two decades. We then overlaid herb collection maps with localities of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) feces collected over two time points in the reserve. Using a Bayesian parameter estimation, we found evidence for declined giant panda occurrence in the areas most recently impacted by emerging medicinal herb collection. Our methodology demonstrates the potential power of integrating participatory approaches with quantitative methods for processes like herb collection that may be difficult to examine empirically. We discuss future directions for improving explanatory power and addressing uncertainty in this type of mixed-method, interdisciplinary research. This work has implications for future attempts to understand whether and how prevalent but subtle human activities may affect wildlife conservation.
Learning strategies and the social brain: Missing elements in the link between developmental stress, song and cognition?

Bird songs may advertise aspects of cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early-life environments. However, such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature. Here, I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and cognition. First, learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies. Second, song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and, consequently, should be strongly related at functional and neural levels. Finally, if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources, I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early- life stress, song learning and cognitive ability, focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.
尖端赛多孢子菌引起的肺部感染一例

尖端赛多孢子菌是一种条件性真菌,普遍存在于土壤、污水、腐物等受污染的环境中,可引起各种类型的感染,特别是在免疫功能低下的患者中极为常见。由于临床和形态学上与其他真菌(如曲霉)相似,很难诊断,加之对多种抗菌药物耐药,病死率高。现报道我院1例免疫功能异常者因尖端赛多孢子菌引起的肺部感染。
恩替卡韦或恩替卡韦联用阿德福韦酯治疗核苷(酸)类似物经治复发慢性乙型肝炎患者96周临床疗效

目的探讨核苷(酸)类似物(NAs)经治复发的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者采用恩替卡韦(ETV)单药治疗或ETV联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)治疗的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性、观察性研究方法,连续收集2016年1月1日至8月31日在衢州市人民医院感染科治疗的NAs经治复发的CHB患者69例,随机分为ETV组(n = 34)和ETV + ADV组(n = 35)治疗96周,观察治疗过程中两组患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)复常率、HBeAg血清学转换率和HBV DNA阴转率。采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行分析。结果在96周的随访中,ETV组5例失访,29例完成随访;ETV + ADV组1例患者出现范可尼综合征,停用ADV,单用ETV治疗,34例完成随访。治疗48周,ETV + ADV组的ALT复常率和HBV DNA阴转率均高于ETV组(88.2%比65.5%,90.1%比69.0%,χ~2 = 4.673和5.007,P值均 < 0.05)。治疗96周,ETV + ADV组的ALT复常率、HBeAg血清学转换率和HBV DNA阴转率均高于ETV组(97.1%比75.9%,47.1%比20.7%,97.1%比79.3%,χ~2 = 6.343、4.789和4.992,P值均 < 0.05)。治疗过程中,两组均未出现病毒学突破。ETV+ADV组中1例患者出现了范可尼综合征,其余患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论对于NAs抗病毒经治复发的CHB患者,使用ETV联合ADV抗病毒治疗的疗效优于单用ETV治疗,能够有效抑制病毒复制,提高HBeAg血清学转换率。
The effect of Mn-doped ZnSe passivation layer on the performance of CdS/CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

ZnSe as a surface passivation layer in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells plays an important role in preventing charge recombination and thus improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, as a wide bandgap semiconductor, ZnSe cannot efficiently absorb and convert long-wavelength light. Doping transition metal ions into ZnSe semiconductors is an effective way to adjust the band gap, such as manganese ions. In this paper, it is found by the method of density functional theory calculation that the valence band of ZnSe moves upward with manganese ions doping, which leads to acceleration of charge separation, wider light absorption range, and enhancing light harvesting. Finally, by using ZnSe doped with manganese ions as the passivation layer, the TiO_2/CdS/CdSe co-sensitized solar cell has a PCE of 6.12%, and the PCE of the solar cell increases by 9% compared with the undoped one (5.62%).
An overview of progress in Mg-based hydrogen storage films

Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are considered to be one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to their large hydrogen storage capacity and low cost. However, slow hydrogen absorption/desorption rate and excessive hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature limit the application of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. The present paper reviews the advances in the research of Mg-based hydrogen storage film in recent years, including the advantage of the film, the function theory of fabricating method and its functional theory, and the influencing factors in the technological process. The research status worldwide is introduced in detail. By comparing pure Mg, Pd-caped Mg, nonpalladium capped Mg, and Mg alloy hydrogen storage films, an ideal tendency for producing Mg-based film is pointed out, for example, looking for a cheap metal element to replace the high-priced Pd, compositing Mg film with other hydrogen storage alloy of catalytic elements, and so on.
Chaotic analysis of Atangana–Baleanu derivative fractional order Willis aneurysm system

A new Willis aneurysm system is proposed, which contains the Atangana–Baleanu(AB) fractional derivative. we obtain the numerical solution of the Atangana–Baleanu fractional Willis aneurysm system (ABWAS) with the AB fractional integral and the predictor–corrector scheme. Moreover, we research the chaotic properties of ABWAS with phase diagrams and Poincare sections. The different values of pulse pressure and system order are used to evaluate and compare their effects on ABWAS. The simulations verify that the changes of pulse pressure and system order are the significant reason for ABWAS'states varying from chaotic to steady. In addition, compared with Caputo fractional WAS (FWAS), ABWAS shows less state that is chaotic. Furthermore, the results of bifurcation diagrams of blood flow damping coefficient and reciprocal heart rate show that the blood flow velocity tends to stabilize with the increase of blood flow damping coefficient or reciprocal heart rate, which is consistent with embolization therapy and drug therapy for clinical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Finally, in view of the fact that ABWAS in chaotic state increases the possibility of rupture of cerebral aneurysms, a reasonable controller is designed to control ABWAS based on the stability theory. Compared with the control results of FWAS by the same method, the results show that the blood flow velocity in the ABWAS system varies in a smaller range. Therefore, the control effect of ABWAS is better and more stable. The new Willis aneurysm system with Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative provides new information for the further study on treatment and control of brain aneurysms.
基于多重启动迭代扫描的需求可拆分车辆路径问题

需求可拆分车辆路径问题放松了经典车辆路径问题中对每个客户只访问一次的约束。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于改进扫描算法的两阶段方法。通过多重启动迭代扫描把客户点按照车辆负载分成最少数量的组,每组的负荷需求和分裂点由负荷率和阈值系数进行微调。采用禁忌搜索算法在每组中生成最优路径、最小化总行驶里程。为了验证该算法的可行性和有效性,在基准数据集上进行了案例研究。计算结果表明,该算法对于客户地理位置分散分布的实例来说,在距离和计算时间方面获得近优解非常明显;而对于客户地理位置集群分布的实例来说,在“最大-最小距离”聚类方法执行后所得到的各聚类上再执行该两阶段算法,非常有效。
基于PLC的PCB板检测与分拣生产线控制系统设计

设计出一套基于PLC和伺服电机控制的PCB板检测与分拣自动生产线控制系统。该控制系统由分板单元、抓取单元、检测单元、分拣单元组成,以西门子S7-1200PLC为控制器,上位机为数据处理核心,摄像头进行图像识别。描述了生产线控制系统的工作原理和控制方案,给出了PLC与伺服驱动器的接线图。将控制系统运用到实际生产中,完成了对PCB板进行冲压、检测和分拣操作的自动控制要求。该生产线的应用,代替了人工分板检测,提高了生产效率,达到预期产量1200块/小时,在市场上具有广阔的使用范围。
基于图像识别的锂离子电池正负极距离检测

电池极片边缘点在×射线图像中具有明显的光斑特征,其亮度值往往为该点领域内的局部极大值。基于以上事实,提出了:自动图像选取、电极边缘点在图中的位置提取、电池极片正负极距离的计算和正负极覆盖率的图像识别思路。由于图中存在无关特征,可能对进一步的图像处理造成干扰,因此首先提取了图中无关特征的灰度值,并采用了灰度拉伸法成功去除了图中无关特征。而后通过设置灰度阈值完成了对于图像中电池正负极区域的分割。接着,采用三种角点检测法提取电池极片边缘点的位置,并对比其效果。最后,计算了该方法的识别误差并分析其原因。
大果木姜子油对心房颤动大鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨大果木姜子油( CV - 3)对乙酰胆碱( ACh) -氯化钙( CaCl_2 )诱导的心房颤动大鼠的治疗作用。方法60只体重220 ~ 300g的清洁级SD大鼠为研究对象,随机分为空白组,房颤组,低、中、高剂量治疗组,雌雄各半,每组共12只。尾静脉注射ACh - CaCl_2混合液的方式建立房颤动物模型,使用生物信号采集与分析系统记录Ⅱ导联心电图,造模成功后,各治疗组给予CV - 3灌胃治疗4周,记录房颤持续时间、房颤发生时心室率和大鼠体重; HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织病理形态变化。结果与空白组比较,各模型组房颤持续时间显著延长( P < 0.01),发生房颤时各模型组心室率时间明显缩短( P < 0.01),各模型组体重明显下降( P < 0.01),心脏组织可见空泡变性,心肌纤维横纹不清,炎性浸润;与房颤组比较,各治疗组房颤持续时间显著缩短( P < 0.01),各治疗组心室率显著下降( P < 0.01),且随剂量增加逐渐降低( P < 0.05),高剂量治疗组体重明显增加( P < 0.01),心脏组织空泡变性减少,心肌纤维排列有序,无明显炎性浸润。结论CV - 3能够改善由ACh - CaCl_2混合液诱发的心房颤动大鼠症状,增加体重并抑制房颤持续时间及心室率,改善心肌组织损伤。
麝香配伍乳香对慢性前列腺炎小鼠PKA及PKC表达的影响

目的探讨麝香、乳香及其配伍使用对慢性前列腺炎小鼠的干预效果及其对紧密连接蛋白的磷酸化关键通路蛋白激酶C( Protein kinase C,PKC) 、蛋白激酶A( Protein kinase A,PKA)水平的影响。方法除空白对照组外,其余各组先造模成功,然后随机分为模型组、麝香组、乳香组、麝香-乳香组、高剂量麝香-乳香组5组,每组6只。使用双重免疫佐剂配合SD大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液对造模组所有NOD小鼠进行免疫诱导,建立慢性前列腺炎模型。各组分别予相应药物连续灌胃7天后予以脱颈处死,解剖分离出小鼠前列腺组织,采用HE染色法观察前列腺组织病理改变,采用荧光免疫双标检测前列腺组织中PKC、PKA的表达情况。结果肉眼大体观:解剖时可见模型组小鼠前列腺组织腺体呈深红色,质地韧,与周围组织有粘连。病理结果:显微镜下主要表现前列腺腺腔扩张,多数腺腔内可见炎细胞,以淋巴细胞和单核细胞的浸润为主,与正常组对比,模型组前列腺组织病理表现差异显著,表明造模成功。炎症细胞浸润情况:空白组无浸润,模型组最为明显,其他各组经不同药物干预后,表现为麝香组、乳香组、麝香-乳香组及高剂量麝香-乳香组依次递减的规律。PKC及PKA水平:与空白组比较,模型组PKA及PKC水平差异具有统计学差异( P < 0.05);与模型组比较,麝香组、乳香组、麝香-乳香组、高剂量麝香-乳香组PKA、PKC水平差异具有统计学差异( P < 0.05);与麝香组及乳香组比较,麝香-乳香组PKA、PKC水平差异具有统计学差异( P < 0.05);不同浓度麝香-乳香联合使用具有增强调节的功效,组间比较差异具有统计学意义( P < 0.05),表现为浓度依赖性。结论麝香、乳香影响紧密连接蛋白的水平可能通过影响PKA、PKC蛋白水平的而发挥作用,麝香配伍乳香具有增效作用。
Inhibitory Activities on α-Glucosidase and Composition Analysis of Different Fractions of Ethanol Extracts from Actinidia chinensis Radix

The inhibitory actions of ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water fractions from Actinidia chinensis Radix(A.chinensis Radix)ethanol extracts on α-glucosidase were investigated.We found that the inhibitory activity of different ethanol extract fractions on α-glucosidase is concentration-dependent.At the same concentration,the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed higher inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase in comparison with acarbose.We then determined the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions through ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple-time of flight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS).Based on the mass spectrometry analysis and the databases Scifinder and Reaxys,21 compounds(A1—A21)were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction.In addition,11 of those compounds(A2,A3,A5,A6,A8,A10,A11,A13,A15,A19,A20)were identified for the first time from A.chinensis Radix.We also identified 14 compounds(A22—A32 and A4—A6)from the n-butanol fraction and compound A29 is a new natural product.From the n-butanol fraction,7 additional compounds(A22,A25,A27,A28,A30—A32)were identified from A.chinensis Radix for the first time.
昼夜节律通过褪黑素和糖皮质激素影响RA

RA是一种与昼夜节律钟密切相关的自身免疫病。褪黑素和糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid, GC)都是重要的授时因子,影响人体的昼夜节律,并且它们的受体分布广泛,对免疫细胞、免疫分子均有影响。褪黑素对免疫系统的作用比较复杂,表现为抑制免疫细胞凋亡,增加促炎因子如IL-6在血清中的含量,而关于褪黑素是否促进NF-KB炎症通路目前仍存争议。总体上,褪黑素会加重RA病情,其抑制剂可能具有潜在的RA治疗效果。GC能通过多种途径抑制炎症通路,长期被用于RA和其他自身免疫病的治疗。文章通过褪黑素与GC对RA的影响分析了昼夜节律对RA的作用,总结了与该机制相关的RA治疗方法,为RA治疗提供了新的思路。
CO_2点阵激光Fusion模式治疗痤疮瘢痕疗效观察

VISIA皮肤检测仪是通过白光、紫外光和横截面偏振光3次3个角度成像。白光可以检测色板、毛孔、皱纹与纹理;紫外光检测紫质和紫外线色斑;偏正光检测棕色斑和红斑。Rongsaard和Rummaneethorn[16]研究表明VISIA皮肤检测仪纹理值下降可代表瘢痕改善,本研究采集的数据显示治疗前、后患者纹理绝对值明显下降,说明CO_2点阵激光治疗后患者瘢痕明显改善。本研究发现,CO_2点阵激光还可以有效改善毛孔粗大及减少皱纹,治疗后患者毛孔收缩,皮肤平整度提高。由于胶原纤维等需要依赖皮肤自身的修复,持续修复需3~ 6个月[17],本文为临床回顾性研究,且样本量有限,缺乏与其他治疗手段的对照,但研究结果提示,通过VISIA皮肤检测仪可以较为客观和全面地评价治疗前、后患者毛孔、皱纹及纹理改变。CO_2点阵激光Fusion模式可同时治疗表皮层和真皮层,对于痤疮瘢痕是一种安全有效的治疗方法。
乳腺高细胞亚型乳头状癌一例

报道1例乳腺高细胞亚型乳头状癌,患者为70岁女性,左乳肿块。组织学显示癌组织呈实性乳头状结构,被致密的纤维结缔组织分隔为巢状排列,癌细胞形态温和,呈立方状和高柱状排列,胞质嗜酸性或透明状,核呈圆形或卵圆形,染色质淡染,核膜清晰,核沟易见,并可见一些小核仁,轻度异型,未见明显的核分裂象和核内假包涵体。免疫表型示癌细胞特征性表达细胞角蛋白(CK)5/6、Calretinin;而甲状腺相关标志物甲状腺转录因子1(TTF1)、甲状腺球蛋白(TG),神经内分泌标志物嗜铬粒素A、突触素及肌上皮标志物P63、Calponin、S-100蛋白均呈阴性,Ki-67阳性指数<2%。雌激素受体、孕激素受体及HER2阴性,分子分型提示为基底细胞样型。分子遗传学检测结果提示第15号染色体IDH2(p.R172)点突变,同时PIK3CA及PDCD1伴随突变。结果提示乳腺高细胞亚型乳头状癌是一种罕见的原发于乳腺的低度恶性肿瘤,诊断时结合特征性的形态学、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征,并与组织形态学相似的转移性甲状腺癌及其他乳腺乳头状病变相鉴别。
Roles of fishing and climate change in long-term fish species succession and population dynamics in the outer Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

A prevailing, controversial hypothesis is that fishing pressure has played a greater role than climatic and environmental drivers, in changing fish species succession and biomass fluctuation in the South China Sea (SCS). Based on otter trawl survey data from 1959 to 2010 in the outer Beibu Gulf (OBG), northern SCS, large seasonal and interannual variation is reported for fish species composition, the proportional abundances of dominant taxa, and fish biomass. Generalized additive models are developed to quantify relationships between fish biomass and the external factors of fishing pressure and climate change. Fishing pressure proved to be the main driver of sharp declines in demersal fish stocks, with high-value species being replaced by low-value ones over time. Abrupt decreases in fish biomass during the years of 1993 and 1998 correspond to El Nino events, with climate change possibly the main driver of proportional representation of pelagic species in fisheries trawl catch. The need to differentiate impacts of fishing and environmental drivers on fish species with different life history strategies is stressed to better understand fish community dynamics.
Adaptive droop control for better current-sharing in VSC-based MVDC railway electrification system

The share of voltage source converter (VSC) technology is increasing in conventional power systems,and it is penetrating into specific transportation systems such as electric vehicles,railways,and ships.Researchers are identifying feasible methods to improve the performance of railway electrification systems (RESs) by utilizing VSC-based medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) railways.The continuous motion of electric trains makes the catenary resistance a variable quantity,as compared to the traction substation (TSS),and affects the currentsharing behavior of the system.A modified droop control technique is proposed in this paper for VSC-based MVDC RES to provide more effective current-sharing while maintaining catenary voltages above the minimum allowable limit.The droop coefficient is selected through an exponential function based on the ratio between the concerned TSS current and the system average current.This enables small adjustments of droop values in less concerning marginal current deviations,and provides higher droop adjustments for large current deviations.Meanwhile,the catenary voltages are regulated by considering the voltage data at the midpoint between two TSSs,which experiences the lowest voltages owing to the larger distance from the TSSs.The proposed techniques are validated via simulations and experiments.
Vehicle-to-grid service development logic and management formulation

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is regarded as the effective way to reconcile contradictions between an electric power system and electric vehicles (EVs).A lot of research has been carried out to affect this,often based on different technical and trading model assumptions.The value of the research is dependent on how reasonable the assumptions it makes are.This paper presents a framework for analyzing V2G service development from a coevolutionary perspective in which the interactive relation between the diffusion of EVs and the upgrade of the distribution grid system is considered.A V2G service development logic and its management formulation are put forward.First,the motivations and contradictions of developing V2G services are analyzed.Then a development phase division of the V2G services is proposed in view of the coevolution relation between the grid upgrade and the development of the EV.Next,taking into account the characteristics of each phase,the physical trade structures and corresponding management hierarchies,management relations as well as management measures,are proposed.This paper provides a new perspective of V2G service development,answers the core question on how to make the V2G vision come true in synergy with the development of EVs,and gives some advice on future V2G management paradigms.
Exponential-function-based droop control for islanded microgrids

An exponential-function-based droop control strategy for the distributed energy resources (DERs) is proposed to reduce the reactive power-sharing deviation,limit the minimum value of frequency/voltage,whilst improving the utilization rate of renewable energy.Both DERs and loads are interconnected to achieve a power exchange by converters,where the power management system should accurately share the active/reactive power demand.However,the proportional reactive power sharing often deteriorates due to its dependence on the line impedances.Thus,an exponential-function-based droop control is proposed to ① prevent voltage and frequency from falling to the lower restraint,②achieve accurate reactive power sharing,③eliminate communication and improve the usage ratio of renewable energy.Furthermore,its stability is analyzed,and the application in islanded AC/DC hybrid microgrids is investigated to achieve the bidirectional power flow.The simulation and experimental results show that the reactive power sharing deviation can be reduced,and the utilization rate of renewable energy is improved by using the proposed method.Moreover,the simulation results illustrate that the system can maintain stable operation when the microgrid is switched from one supplied energy operation condition to another absorbed one.
Injectable peptide hydrogel as intraperitoneal triptolide depot for the treatment of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma

Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maximize the therapeutic index of the drug. Here, we report an injectable supramolecular peptide hydrogel as an intraperitoneal depot for localized and sustained release of triptolide for the treatment of orthotopic HCC. We chose peptide amphiphile C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH-based nanofibers as gelators and carriers for triptolide. Sustained triptolide release from the hydrogel was achieved over 14 days in vitro, with higher accumulation in and cytotoxicity against human HCC Bel-7402 in comparison with L-02 fetal hepatocytes. After intraperitoneal injection, the hydrogel showed prolonged retention over 13 days and preferential accumulation in the liver, realizing HCC growth inhibition by 99.7 ± 0.1% and animal median survival extension from 19 to 43 days, without causing noticeable pathological changes in the major organs. These results demonstrate that injectable peptide hydrogel can be a potential carrier for localized chemotherapy of HCC.
Incentive mechanism for sharing distributed energy resources

To improve the controllability and utilization of distributed energy resources (DERs),distribution-level electricity markets based on consumers’ bids and offers have been proposed.However,the transaction costs will dramatically increase with the rapid development of DERs.Therefore,in this paper,we develop an energy sharing scheme that allows users to share DERs with neighbors,and design a novel incentive mechanism for benefit allocation without users’ bidding on electricity prices.In the energy sharing scheme,an aggregator organizes a number of electricity users,and trades with the connected power grid.The aggregator is aimed at minimizing the total costs by matching the surplus energy from DERs and electrical loads.A novel index,termed as sharing contribution rate (SCR),is presented to evaluate different users’ contributions to the energy sharing.Then,based on users’ SCRs,an efficient benefit allocation mechanism is implemented to determine the aggregator’s payments to users that incentivize their participation in energy sharing.To avoid users’ bidding,we propose a decentralized framework for the energy sharing and incentive mechanism.Case studies based on real-world datasets demonstrate that the aggregator and users can benefit from the energy sharing scheme,and the incentive mechanism allocates the benefits according to users’ contributions.