mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
鵝旱养的关键技术及经济效益分析

阐述了当前养鹅产业的发展现状,探讨了种鹅网上平养技术及旱养模式下的饲养管理技术,比较了旱养模式与传统养殖模式的生产性能差异,并分析了旱养模式的经济效益水平,为我国养鹅业的健康发展提供技术支撑。
猪大肠杆菌的血清型与毒力基因

为了解苏中地区规模化猪场大肠杆菌血清型及毒力基因的特点,无菌采集苏中地区45个规模化养猪场疑似大肠杆菌感染的病死猪有明显病变的肝、心、脾、肺等病料413份。通过细菌的分离培养,并进行生化试验和血清型鉴定,共分离到208株大肠杆菌,其中145株能定型,63株未能定型,定型菌株分别属于19种不同的血清型。同时对鉴定出的145株猪源大肠杆菌进行毒力基因检测,发现苏中地区猪大肠杆菌所含毒力基因est II为50.3%,est I为39. 3%,LT为30.3%,Stx-2e为20.7%, Intimin为15.9%,其中具有毒力基因est I和est II的猪大肠杆菌较为流行。
设施草莓一蕹菜水旱轮作模式下蕹菜栽培研究初报

对连续3年种植草莓的地块进行蕹菜水生栽培试验,结果表明,设施草莓一蕹菜水旱轮作是一项新的、可行的、高效的栽培模式,可以提高土地利用率。育苗移栽方式种植蕹菜优于田间直播方式,在育苗移栽方式下种植泰国空心菜,最多可以增收39 324元/hm~2。
鸭骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养与鉴定

为建立鸭骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养和鉴定方法,以高邮鸭13胚龄的胸肌和腿肌为材料,采用混合酶消化法和差速贴壁法分离纯化骨骼肌卫星细胞,用特异性标志Pax7对纯化细胞进行免疫荧光鉴定。结果表明胸肌和腿肌都能成功获取骨骼肌卫星细胞,细胞增殖旺盛,分化良好;纯化后的细胞免疫荧光鉴定阳性率达95%。表明该技术能成功分离和鉴定鸭骨骼肌卫星细胞,为以后骨骼肌卫星细胞相关研究提供了技术平台。
豆梨低玻璃化组培快繁技术

以豆梨的茎段为外植体进行离体繁殖体系研究,探讨4种基本培养基(MS、AS、NN69、WPM)及6-BA/NAA不同配比对豆梨组织培养增殖率的影响。试验结果表明,豆梨组培苗的适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.2适宜的培养方式为,在MS + 6 - BA 0.6 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L培养基上继代2次后转到空白培养基继代培养1次;适宜生根培养基为1/2MS + IBA 1.5 mg/L。
薄荷茎段不定芽离体诱导影响因素分析及植株再生体系的建立

以薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq.)茎段为外植体,研究激素种类与浓度、外植体位置和品种等因素对不定芽诱导的影响,建立高再生率的薄荷离体培养植株再生体系,并确定2种抗生素的选择压。试验结果表明:激素种类和浓度、外植体位置和品种对薄荷离体不定芽诱导率存在显著影响;适合薄荷离体不定芽再生最佳培养基为MS培养基(添加3.0 mg/L TDZ +0.2 mg/L IAA +25%椰乳),最佳外植体为薄荷品种73-8的第2至第4节间茎段;潮霉素对薄荷3个品种73-8、68-7和沪-39的选择压分别为4、3、2 mg/L,卡那霉素的选择压分别为50/40/40 mg/L。
幼儿脑膜瘤伴囊性变1例

脑膜瘤是成人颅内常见的肿瘤之一,但在儿童发病率较低,特别是婴幼儿。1994年Molleston等复习国外文献,发现1周至12个月的幼儿脑膜瘤仅27例。刘玉光等复习国内文献时发现:147例儿童脑膜瘤中,12个月以下者仅5例(2.7%),与成人相比,儿童脑膜瘤中男性更常见,男女之比为2.3∶1。
公众参与环境管理的模式创新及试点探讨

合理有序的公众参与可以有效弥补政府失灵和市场失灵,改变社会力量在环境保护中功能缺位和主体缺位的双重窘境。但目前中国公众参与环境管理存在法律法规不健全、公众参与环境管理的程度不高、组织体系不完善、民间组织发展缓慢、社区参与环境管理不足等问题。在此基础上,建议引入社区磋商小组这种创新型公众参与模式来充分调动基层广泛的公众力量来参与环境管理。介绍了社区磋商小组的模式设计、职能和特点,并对社区磋商小组的试点研究和效果进行总结。最后提出,社区磋商小组这一公众参与环境管理的模式在常州市雅浦村的示范效果和成功经验为进一步研究社区参与环境管理奠定了良好的基础,该模式在中国有着广泛的应用前景,但仍需在政策支持、资金保障和长效运行模式等方面展开进一步研究。
SOME FEATURES OF FOURIER SPECTRUM FOR SYMBOLIC SEQUENCES

Any symbolic sequence can be represented by one-dimensional numerical representation or multi-dimensional vector representation, and has a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the numerical sequence corresponding to the symbolic sequence. We find that the total Fourier spectrum of the symbolic sequence depends on the length of the sequence when the base vector representation is used. However the property is not valid for the one-dimensional representation of the symbolic sequence. According to the relations between the DFT of the original sequence and the subsequence for the complex numerical sequence, one simpler way to compute DFT of the subsequence is presented instead of directly computing the DFT coefficients of the original sequence at special frequencies. In fact, computing DFT of the indicator sequence at special frequencies only needs simple arithmetic operations of non-negative integer sequences. Finally, we present some features of the quadratic form corresponding to Fourier spectrum of real sequences.
Practical φ_0-stability of switched stochastic nonlinear systems and corresponding stochastic perturbation theory

The aim of this paper is to study the practical φ0-stability in probability (Pφ_0SiP) and practical φ_0-stability in pth mean (Pφ_0SpM) of switched stochastic nonlinear systems. Sufficient conditions on such practical properties are obtained by using the comparison principle and the cone-valued Lyapunov function methods. Also, based on an extended comparison principle, a perturbation theory of switched stochastic systems is given.
三维适形放疗联合多西紫杉醇、顺铂化疗治疗老年中晚期食管癌患者80例

目前,放射治疗是临床治疗中晚期食管癌的主要手段,但其疗效并不十分理想,患者的5年生存率大多在8%左右,放疗失败的主要原因为残存原发部位肿瘤,其次为肿瘤远处转移。近年研究发现,单纯采用放疗约80%患者的病灶不能得到有效控制或者出现复发,故目前临床多采用放疗联合化疗的综合治疗方案。相比于传统常规放疗,食管癌三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)可有效提高局控率和生存率。本文探讨3D-CRT联合多西紫杉醇、顺铂化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的临床疗效。
Management of gastric cancer in patients with sinistral portal hypertension

Sinistral portal hypertension (SPH) is usually caused by pancreatic pathology and is characterized by splenic vein thrombosis with or without portal vein thrombosis. The increased pressure caused by splenic vein occlusion is transmitted via the short gastric and gastroepiploic veins to the portal system. The reversal of blood flow in the left gastric vein results in gastric varices. In patients with SPH, especially those with occlusion of both the splenic and portal veins, the main or even the only pathway of splenic venous return to the portal vein is via the gastric varices, and these patients require special management during gastric surgery.
Epidemiology of opportunistic invasive fungal infections in China: review of literature

Objective To summarize the recent findings on the epidemiology of medically important, opportunistic invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in China and discuss the relevant social, economical reasons and medical factors. Data sources We performed a comprehensive search of both English and Chinese literatures of opportunistic IFIs from China up to April 2012. Study selection Relevant literatures involving researches and cases/case series were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results The incidence of opportunistic IFIs in China was steadily increasing. The incidence and mortality of IFIs were different in patients with various underlying conditions/diseases, from 4.12% to 41.18% and 9.8% to 60.0%, respectively. Candida species, Aspergillus species and Cryptococcus neoformans species complex were the most frequent isolated pathogens. Other uncommon opportunistic IFIs were also been reported, including trichosporonosis, mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis (hyaline hyphomycetes) and phaeohyphomycosis (dematiaceous hyphomycetes). Reports of Chinese patients differed from those of many other countries as there were a higher number of patients without identifiable underlying diseases/conditions. Conclusions Because of the rapid economic development, changing population structure and a growing number of immunocompromised hosts with risk factors, today opportunistic IFIs in China have a significant impact on public health, associated with high morbidity/mortality and higher care costs. Now information related to the epidemiology of opportunistic IFIs in China is still sparse, so we need more organized groups of clinical scientists performing related researches to help the clinicians to obtain more accurate epidemiological characteristics.
Genetic analyses of Chinese patients with digenic oculocutaneous albinism

Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorder in all populations worldwide. The mutational spectra of OCA are population-specific. Some OCA patients carry mutations from different OCA genes. In this study, we investigated the frequency of digenic mutations in Chinese OCA patients. Methods Genomic DNAs were extracted from the blood samples of 184 clinically diagnosed OCA patients and 120 unaffected subjects. The amplified DNA segments of the exons and exon-intron boundaries were screened for mutations of TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2, and HPS1 by direct sequencing. To exclude the previously unidentified alleles from polymorphisms, samples from 120 unaffected controls were sequenced for the same regions of variations. Results In all 184 patients, 134 had two pathologic mutations on one locus. Eleven cases had no apparent pathologic mutations in any of the genes studied. Among the remaining 39 patients who had only one pathologic mutation, five patients (2.7% in total) were found to carry the mutational alleles on a second locus in TYR, OCA2 or SLC45A2. Of the five digenic OCA patients, four patients were clinically diagnosed as OCA2 and one patient as OCA1. A previous unidentified allele p.G188D in SLC45A2 was identified, which was not present in the 120 unaffected controls. Conclusions The identification of the digenic OCA patients suggests the synergistic roles among TYR, OCA2 and SLC45A2 during melanin biosynthesis, which may cause OCA under digenic mutations. This information will be useful for gene diagnosis and genetic counseling of OCA in China.
脐带血干细胞治疗糖尿病足5例临床分析

干细胞具有全能的自我更新能力以及多向分化的可塑性潜能。脐带血中含有造血干细胞、间充质干细胞、内皮祖细胞和非限制性体干细胞等,是干细胞的一个重要来源。脐带血干细胞治疗糖尿病足的作用机制可能是:由于局部缺血的肌肉组织本身可以提供细胞生长所需的基质环境,脐带血中的内皮祖细胞在各种细胞因子作用下分化成为内皮细胞,之后逐步形成细小的毛细血管,最终通过修复或重建而形成侧支血管,从而起到治疗作用。溃疡在血供丰富的情况下,形成新生肉芽组织,使溃疡缩小或愈合。本组仅有1条患肢的疗效不理想,考虑因该患有脑梗塞病史,遗留肢体活动障碍,患肢存在较重的神经支配异常,同时患肢感染未能得到完全控制,局部炎症反应剧烈,这些因素破坏了干细胞分化所需的微环境。故应重视治疗对象的选择,将患肢调整至最佳状态,提高治疗成功率。本组结'果表明:脐带血干细胞移植疗法治疗糖尿病足近期临床疗效确切,治疗过程简单、方便,且可重复操作,无明显不良反应发生,临床上值得进一步推广。
针刺配合营养干预治疗单纯性肥胖症的实验研究

随着人们生活水平的提高、饮食结构的改变,肥胖症的发生率不断升高。根据世界卫生组织的定义,肥胖是指体重指数(body mass index,BMI)超过28 kg/m2。近年来相关的调查研究表明,我国已有超过3亿的超重和肥胖人群,采取有效的措施来处理单纯性肥胖症对于预防慢性疾病、提高生活质量具有积极意义。为了进一步探讨针刺配合营养干预治疗单纯性肥胖症的疗效,笔者进行了下列研究。
540例研究对象中应激性高血压发生率、原因分析及预防措施

高血压疾病是心血管系统最为常见的疾病,其中由于紧张、焦虑、恐惧、烦躁等不良情绪引起的血压升高成为应激性高血压。目前,对于应激性高血压的发生率、发病原因的认识尚浅。近年来生物反馈治疗和中医药治疗对于临床各类疾病患者负面情绪的调节作用受到越来越多的关注。为了进一步研究应激性高血压的发生率、发病原因以及生物反馈治疗和中医药治对于应激性高血压的预防作用,笔者进行了下列研究。
基于药效学的青海唐古特大黄的野生和栽培品比较研究

大黄是一味常用的中药材,其是多种蓼科大黄属的植物的总称。《中华人民共和国药典》中关于大黄的描述为蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum L.、唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.或药用大黄Rheum offcihale Baill.的干燥根和根茎,其药用价值主要体现在泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经,利湿退黄。唐古特大黄作为药典规定的大黄的主要来源之一,在临床上应用广泛[1 ~ 3]。本研究选取产自青海的额唐古特大黄,对其野生品和栽培品进行药效学研究,分析比较其临床作用的差异,为唐古特大黄的资源利用提供借鉴。
放散状冲击波治疗急性颈椎关节周围炎1例

综上所述,放散状冲击波可能是一种效果高效、安全、操作简单、无创伤、易于病人接受的治疗体表部位骨关节粘连性疼痛的方法。采用此种方法治疗放松肌肉,解除痉挛,可达到消除疼痛的目的,收到较好的效果。
胶原酶化学溶解术再认识

胶原酶化学溶解术是疼痛临床常用的治疗椎间盘突出症的方法之一,具有疗效确切、创伤小、简便、经济等优点。近些年在全国各级医疗单位广泛应用,治愈了数十万椎间盘突出症患者,但因少数医生对胶原酶的作用机制认识不足,适应症未能正确选择,溶盘术的操作要领未能很好掌握,影响了疗效,甚至出现了严重并发症,由此而在业内对该技术产生了争议。为更好的发挥该技术的作用,避免严重并发症的发生,有必要对其再认识。
计数观察鱼软骨多糖对小鼠黑色素瘤中血管生成拟态的时空变化及对CD31的影响

以往的研究对血管生成拟态(VM)随时间和空间变化规律有了一定的认识~([1-2]),但对它与内皮依赖性血管之间的关系和二者的演变过程没有进行深入细致的研究,尤其是在加入魟鱼软骨多糖(RCG)的条件下,对VM的研究少之又少。目前,我国在魟鱼生理活性物质的研究方面取得了一定进展,从魟鱼软骨中提取、分离出具有抗肿瘤活性成分。本实验通过建立C57小鼠黑色素瘤模型,观察RCG对黑色素移植瘤的时空变化的影响及影响其变化的细胞因子CD31的表达情况,发现RCG可抑制B16黑色素瘤的血管生成,且可能通过降低肿瘤细胞分泌细胞因子来抑制肿瘤细胞对血管内皮细胞增殖和迁移的促进作用,从而达到抑制肿瘤新生血管形成的作用。
Fractal Characteristics and Microstructure Evolution of Magnetron Sputtering Cu Thin Films

How to describe surface morphology characteristic and microstructure evolution are the hottest researches of current thin film researches. But in traditional characterization of surface morphology, the roughness parameters are scale related. And the microstructure evolution of thin film during post-treatment is usually not considered in detail. To give a better understanding of the roughness of thin films topography, fractal method is carried out. In addition, microstructure evolution of thin films is analyzed based on the crystallography and energy theory. Cu thin films are deposited on Si (100) substrates by magnetron sputtering, and then annealed at different temperatures. Surface topography is characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM). Triangular prism surface area (TPSA) algorithm is used to calculate the fractal dimension of the AFM images. Apparent scale effect exists between the surface morphology roughness and film thickness. Relationship between the fractal dimension and roughness is analyzed by linear regression method and linear relationship exists between fractal dimension and surface roughness root mean square (RMS). Fractal dimension can be characterized as a scale independence parameter to represent the complex degree and roughness level of surface. With the increase of annealing temperature, surface roughness and fractal dimension decrease. But when the annealing temperature exceeds the recrystallization temperature, due to the agglomeration and coalescence of Cu grain, surface roughness and fractal dimension increase. Scale effect and changing regularity of grain growth and shape evolution for different film thickness under different annealing temperatures are analyzed. Based on minimum total free energy, regularity of grain growth and changing is proposed. The proposed research has some theory significance and applicative value of Cu interconnect process and development of MEMS.
Unbalance Vibratory Displacement Compensation for Active Magnetic Bearings

As the dynamic stiffness of radial magnetic bearings is not big enough, when the rotor spins at high speed, unbalance displacement vibration phenomenon will be produced. The most effective way for reducing the displacement vibration is to enhance the radial magnetic bearing stiffness through increasing the control currents, but the suitable control currents are not easy to be provided, especially, to be provided in real time. To implement real time unbalance displacement vibration compensation, through analyzing active magnetic bearings (AMB) mathematical model, the existence of radial displacement runout is demonstrated. To restrain the runout, a new control scheme-adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) is proposed in view of rotor frequency periodic uncertainties during the startup process. The previous error signal is added into AILC learning law to enhance the convergence speed, and an impacting factor βinfluenced by the rotor rotating frequency is introduced as learning output coefficient to improve the rotor control effects. As a feed-forward compensation controller, AILC can provide one unknown and perfect compensatory signal to make the rotor rotate around its geometric axis through power amplifier and radial magnetic bearings. To improve AMB closed-loop control system robust stability, one kind of incomplete differential PID feedback controller is adopted. The correctness of the AILC algorithm is validated by the simulation of AMB mathematical model adding AILC compensation algorithm through MATLAB soft. And the compensation for fixed rotational frequency is implemented in the actual AMB system. The simulation and experiment results show that the compensation scheme based on AILC algorithm as feed-forward compensation and PID algorithm as close-loop control can realize AMB system displacement minimum compensation at one fixed frequency, and improve the stability of the control system. The proposed research provides a new adaptive iterative learning control algorithm and control strategy for AMB displacement minimum compensation, and provides some references for time-varied displacement minimum compensation.
Adaptive PI Control Strategy for Flat Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Vibration Suppression

Due to low damping ratio, flat permanent magnet linear synchronous motor’s vibration is difficult to be damped and the accuracy is limited. The vibration suppressing results are not good enough in the existing research because only the longitudinal direction vibration is considered while the normal direction vibration is neglected. The parameters of the direct-axis current controller are set to be the same as those of the quadrature-axis current controller commonly. This causes contradiction between signal noise and response. To suppress the vibration, the electromagnetic force model of the flat permanent magnet synchronous linear motor is formulated first. Through the analysis of the effect that direct-axis current noise and quadrature-axis current noise have on both direction vibration, it can be declared that the conclusion that longitudinal direction vibration is only related to the quadrature-axis current noise while the normal direction vibration is related to both the quadrature-axis current noise and direct-axis current noise. Then, the simulation test on current loop with a low-pass filter is conducted and the results show that the low-pass filter can not suppress the vibration but makes the vibration more severe. So a vibration suppressing strategy that the proportional gain of direct-axis current controller adapted according to quadrature-axis reference current is proposed. This control strategy can suppress motor vibration by suppressing direct-axis current noise. The experiments results about the effect of Kp and Ti on normal direction vibration, longitudinal vibration and the position step response show that this strategy suppresses vibration effectively while the motor’s motion performance is not affected. The maximum reduction of vibration can be up to 40%. In addition, current test under rated load condition is also conducted and the results show that the control strategy can avoid the conflict between the direct-axis current and the quadrature-axis current under typical load. Adaptive PI control strategy can effectively suppress the flat permanent magnet linear synchronous motor’s vibration without affecting the motor’s performance.
中国铁矿资源特点和科学研究问题

铁矿是一定地质历史演化时期和特定地质环境的产物,其形成与某些重大地质事件密切相关。沉积变质型铁矿一般形成于太古宙至古元古代,与海底火山-热液活动以及大氧化事件密切相关;新元古代“雪球地球”( snowball earth)事件也形成少量该类型铁矿。海相火山岩型铁矿赋存于从元古宙到古生代的海相火山岩建造中,形成于大洋盆地、大陆裂谷或火山岛弧等环境,常与铜(金)矿共生并多经历了后期改造作用。自元古宙以来,在各种构造背景的浅海盆地中正常沉积具有鲕状构造的赤铁矿层,形成沉积型铁矿床。在大陆边缘或裂谷带,中基性-中酸性岩浆侵位于碳酸盐岩地层中发生接触交代作用形成矽卡岩型铁矿床。在地幔柱和大陆裂谷背景下,大规模的镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆的侵位形成岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿床。在中-新生代大陆边缘火山岩带或火山盆地中,形成陆相火山岩型磁铁矿-磷灰石矿床,我国称之为“玢岩铁矿”,北欧称为“基鲁纳(Kiruna)式铁矿”。富铁地质体在地表经过风化淋滤作用,可以形成风化淋滤型铁矿床。
骨髓纤维化并门静脉高压和甲状腺功能减退

讨论患者腹部超声及腹部CT见脾大和腹水,胃镜下见重度食管胃底静脉曲张,WBC和PLT水平升高,经骨髓穿刺及骨活组织检查确诊为骨髓纤维化。骨髓纤维化继发门静脉高压的机制尚未明确可能因:①髓外造血继发脾大,导致门静脉血流增多和流速增块,形成高动力循环状态;②肝窦内髓外造血和Disse间隙周围纤维化,导致肝窦内压升高,肝内血管顺应性降低,门静脉阻力增大;③部分患者门静脉、脾静脉和肝静脉及其分支血栓形成。骨髓纤维化继发门静脉高压需与肝硬化失代偿期鉴别:①骨髓纤维化时肝功能、PT/Alb水平等基本正常;肝硬化时肝功能常有异常;②骨髓纤维化一般无肝掌、蜘蛛痣、黄疸等,而在肝硬化时常可见到;③骨髓纤维化时常有脾脏重度肿大或巨脾,常合并肝脏肿大;肝硬化时脾脏常仅轻至中度肿大,肝脏缩小;④骨髓纤维化造成的肝脾大,活组织检查可见髓外造血;肝硬化肝脏活组织检查可见假小叶;⑤骨髓纤维化时骨髓穿刺常无法抽出骨髓液,可见泪滴样细胞,骨髓活组织检查可见大量纤维组织增生;⑥骨髓纤维化时血常规检查可见WBC/PLT水平升高,肝硬化脾功能亢进时则多降低。骨髓纤维化可合并多浆膜腔积液,心包腔、胸腔、腹腔积液中可见大量幼红、幼粒及小巨核细胞,是髓外造血的典型特征。甲状腺功能减退可致多浆膜腔积液。骨髓纤维化可造成多发部位髓外造血,有活组织检查证实髓外造血部位为卵巢和大网膜。骨髓纤维化合并甲状腺功能减退少见报道。行甲状腺穿刺活组织检查若见髓外造血,或可确诊骨髓纤维化。
加强对自身免疫性肝炎治疗应答的研究

自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)是由异常自身免疫反应介导的肝实质炎性反应病变,以γ-高球蛋白血症、自身抗体阳性和对免疫抑制剂治疗应答为特点。其诊断可参考1999年的传统计分系统~[1]和2008年的简化计分系统,但有时即使有些患者均符合或不符合2种计分系统的诊断标准,亦不能明确或排除AIH诊断。其原因为尚需考虑包括自身抗体检查方面(如抗体特异性、假阳性或假阴性、效价水平等,自身抗体亦不像乙型肝炎中的HBsAg那样特异)、自身抗体阴性的AIH、重叠综合征、IgG4相关AIH及药物诱导的AIH等。临床经验和长期随访对糖皮质激素的应答或撤药后复发与否很重要。自身抗体的存在和肝组织学检查仍是鉴别诊断的主要依据。
胸骨后甲状腺肿致顽固性呃逆一例

讨论胸骨后甲状腺肿是指甲状腺体积的50%以上位于胸骨上缘以下。也有人将胸骨后甲状腺肿定义为甲状腺肿下极要低于胸骨上切迹下3cm或以远~([1])。临床上大多数胸骨后甲状腺肿形成的原因是由于甲状腺及肿物自身重力和胸腔的负压作用,逐渐坠入胸腔内,甲状腺组织位于颈前两层深筋膜之间,两侧有颈前肌群限制,当有甲状腺肿大或肿瘤发生时,由于重力作用,较易向下发展。接触到胸廓入口后,又受到胸腔负压的吸引,促使肿块向胸内坠入,肿块有蒂、条索或韧带与颈部甲状腺相连,血供来自甲状腺上、下动脉,并多呈膨胀性生长,有完整包膜。此类胸内甲状腙肿又称为坠入性胸内甲状腺肿或继发性胸内甲状腺肿。胸骨后甲状腺肿症状主要是胸骨后肿块压迫临近的气管、食管、血管及神经所致。如压迫气管出现呼吸困难、喘鸣,压迫上腔静脉出现上腔静脉压迫综合征,压迫喉返神经出瑚声嘶,亦可见压迫外周交感神经引起Homer综合征。本瘕引发顽固性呃逆症状极为罕见。膈肌痉挛是在多种原因诱导下产生的膈肌持续性、阵发性和规律性的收缩,严重影响生活质量。其发生机制是迷走神经或膈神经或植物神经中枢受刺激。就本病例而言,考虑由于甲状腺腺瘤体积较大坠入胸腔从而挤压、刺激膈神经,造成顽固性呃逆的发生,经手术切除肿物后,呃逆症状完全消失。
The Spatial Structure of Zooplankton Communities of Pedu Reservoir, Malaysia

A total of 22 species of zooplankton were identified from 8 sampling stations located in the limnetic zone of Pedu reservoir. The zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers (11 species), followed by cladocerans (9 species) and copepods (2 species). Four species of zooplankton comprised of 3 rotifers, Brachionus quadridentata, Brachionus caudatus and Keratella cochlearis and one cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia cornuta were present at all sampling stations. Species richness was highest at Station 2 (17 species) followed by Station 4 and Station 8 (14 species), Station 5 (15 species), Station 7 (11 species), Station 6 (10 species), Station 3 (9 species) and Station 1 (7 species). With an exception of water transparency, all other water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids were not significant when compared between sampling stations. The study found that station 5 which was located in a calm strait, protected from strong wave and wind was a suitable area for zooplankton growth and establishment. Factors supporting the findings included highest water transparency (3.4 m), rich in species numbers (15 species), high diversity index (0.950) and evenness index (0.808).
内科胸腔镜常见不良反应及处理(附175例分析)

目的探讨内科胸腔镜检查的常见不良反应,提出相应的防治措施,旨在提高安全性,减少并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析该院175例接受内科胸腔镜检查患者的不良反应。结果175例患者均存在轻度出血及气胸,其次为胸痛(58例)、恶心(16例,其中3例存在胸膜反应)、发热(1例),但无严重的心肺并发症或死亡。结论通过提高对内科胸腔镜检查不良反应的认识,对可能出现的不良反应进行预判断,采取必要的防治措施,可减轻或避免不良反应的发生。
经阴道超声诊断直肠前壁妊娠1例

讨论异位妊娠亦称宫外孕,发生率约为0.5%~1%,其中97.5%的异位妊娠发生在输卵管内,0.7%在卵巢内,其余1.8%发生在其他部位。本病例妊娠囊在子宫直肠陷凹,着床于直肠前壁,并侵蚀部分直肠浆膜层,比较罕见,如再延误诊断,妊娠囊可突破直肠壁,因此需要及时地诊断。
转化医学与功能神经外科的发展

转化医学(translational medicine)是近十年来国际生命科学界的一大热点,其目的就是将基础医学的进展快速地转化到临床实践中,为患者服务,为人类健康造福~[1]。转化医学的实质是将医学理论和一切有价值前沿研究的成果,转化为提高健康、诊治疾病的手段~[2]。转化医学倡导以患者为中心,从临床工作中发现和提出问题,由基础研究人员进行深入研究,然后再将基础科研成果快速转向临床应用,以提高医疗总体水平~[3]。
Junction barrier Schottky rectifier with an improved P-well region

A junction barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifier with an improved P-well on 4H-SiC is proposed to improve the V_F-I_R trade-off and the breakdown voltage. The reverse current density of the proposed JBS rectifier at 300 K and 800 V is about 3.3×10~(-8) times that of the common JBS rectifier at no expense of the forward voltage drop. This is because the depletion layer thickness in the P-well region at the same reverse voltage is larger than in the P~+ grid, resulting in a lower spreading current and tunneling current. As a result, the breakdown voltage of the proposed JBS rectifier is over 1.6 kV, that is about 0.8 times more than that of the common JBS rectifier due to the uniform electric field. Although the series resistance of the proposed JBS rectifier is a little larger than that of the common JBS rectifier, the figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed JBS rectifier is about 2.9 times that of the common JBS rectifier. Based on simulating the values of susceptibility of the two JBS rectifiers to electrostatic discharge (ESD) in the human body model (HBM) circuits, the failure energy of the proposed JBS rectifier increases 17% compared with that of the common JBS rectifier.
Does the variance of incubation temperatures always constitute a significant selective force for origin of reptilian viviparity?

To test the hypothesis that the variance of incubation temperature may have constituted a significant selective force for reptilian viviparity, we incubated eggs of the slender forest skink Scincella modesta in five thermally different natural nests and at two constant temperatures (18 °C and 21 °C). Our manipulation of incubation temperature had significant effects on incubation length and several hatchling traits (snout-vent length, tail length, fore-limb length, and sprint speed), but not on hatching success and other hatchling traits examined (body mass, head size, and hind-limb length). Incubation length was nonlinearly sensitive to temperature, but it was not correlated with the thermal variance when holding the thermal mean constant. The 18 °C treatment not only produced smaller sized hatchlings but also resulted in decreased sprint speed. Eggs in the nest with the greatest proportion of temperatures higher than 28 °C also produced smaller sized hatchlings. None of the hatchling traits examined was affected by the thermal variance. Thermal fluctuations did result in longer incubation times, but females would benefit little from maintaining stable body temperatures or selecting thermally stable nests in terms of the reduced incubation length. Our data show that the mean rather than the variance of temperatures has a key role in influencing incubation length and hatchling phenotypes, and thus do not support the hypothesis tested [Current Zoology 58 (6): 812-819, 2012].