mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
传染病双语病例库的教学效果问卷调查与分析

探索传染病学双语教学的方法,评价双语病例库教学效果,为进一步在该课程中全面开展和改进传染病双语病例库教学提供依据。本研究织教师编写传染病双语病例,在医学生的理论授课中和见习中使用,选取开展双语教学的七年制临床医学专业38名学生进行问卷调查,研究他们对双语病例库教学的看法,评价教学效果。在经济、政治全球一体化的快速步伐下,信息交流国际化的趋势已经形成。医学教育国际化也随之被提上我国的日程。中国教育部已经提出了双语教学(Bilingual Education)的要求,目的即通过引进国外优秀的英语教材和先进的教学方法,培养国际一流的高素质医学人才。传染病病例在教学中至关重要。大部分传染病的流行都具有明显的季节性和地区性。而且,随着时代的转变,传染病的种类也在不断变换。目前教学中使用的病例非常零散,不够全面系统,且大多是全中文的。因此建立双语病例库对传染病教学意义重大。我们组织本院骨干,初步建立的传染病双语病例库,并尝试在教学中使用。为进一步了解学生对双语病例库在教学中使用的效果及对教师授课的效果评价,我们对临床七年制医学学生传染病学教学中使用了传染病双语病例库,并进行了问卷调查,初步评价、分析了双语病例库效果,以期总结经验,为改进传染病双语病例库提供意见和依据,以便进一步提高双语教学的水平。
妊娠期甲状腺功能异常最新指南解读

由于妊娠期甲状腺疾病的发现不断增加,其对妊娠、产后的影响受到越来越多的重视,同时对于妊娠期甲状腺疾病的认识也在逐步深入。近年来,许多前瞻性随机对照研究对甲状腺功能异常的治疗及其对母体、胎儿以及小儿智商的影响提出了许多新的见解。妊娠期甲状腺功能异常已经是近十年来内分泌学界和围产医学界研究的热点领域之一。
外阴平滑肌瘤超声表现1例

讨论外阴平滑肌瘤起源于外阴部血管平滑肌、竖毛肌、勃起组织中的平滑肌或圆韧带的平滑肌。多发生在生育年龄,发生部位以大阴唇最多。肿瘤呈有蒂或突出于皮肤表面,质地较硬,表面光滑,可呈哑铃形或分叶状。大阴唇上的平滑肌瘤好发于巴氏腺区,因外阴平滑肌瘤发病率极低,临床易误诊为前庭大腺囊肿,此外,还易误诊为外阴子宫内膜异位症。本例的超声特征为实性低回声包块,形态欠规则,略呈分叶状,边界非常清晰,内回声欠均匀,内可见条状血流信号。外阴平滑肌瘤的临床症状和体征常缺乏特异性,须依靠术后病理组织学诊断。
超声诊断肝多发性胆管浆液性囊腺瘤1例

肝胆管囊腺瘤起源于异位形成胆囊的胚胎组织或迷走错构瘤样胆管的一种肝脏极少见的囊性肿瘤,绝大多数发生于肝内,女性多见,发病年龄在50岁以上,可能与长期服用口服避孕药有关,容易发生癌变。胆管囊腺瘤以黏液型多见,浆液型罕见。本例症状系肿物逐渐增大所致,声像图符合囊腺瘤典型表现(多房性巨大囊性包块、界限清晰、囊壁薄、完整光滑,其内见稍强回声),手术见囊液为暗红色及黑褐色,为腺瘤囊内出血及实质缺血坏死所致。本病需与多发肝囊肿、多囊肝、囊性错构瘤、胚胎性肉瘤、肝细胞性肝癌的液化坏死等疾病鉴别,且极易与肝脓肿和包虫病相混淆。若囊内局部间隔增厚、囊壁结节或乳头状突起、囊内出血或伴粗大钙化,结合血CA199高于正常值,宜多考虑为囊腺癌。
超声诊断胎儿左室黏液瘤1例

黏液瘤起源于心内膜下具有多向分化潜能的间叶细胞,心房间隔卵圆窝区富含此类细胞,因而心脏各房室腔均可发生黏液瘤,以左心房最多,其次为右心房,心室极少累计。黏液瘤以其发生部位、数量、大小决定其临床表现及预后差异,如瘤体生长迅速或多发,可造成心脏血流受阻,胎儿可有心功能低下、心脏扩大、心律不齐等并发症,因而早期发现和提前进行临床干预和评估成为优生优育的重要课题。要提高对胎儿心脏黏液瘤的早期检出率,在检测胎儿心脏时除应仔细观察四腔心切面外,还应根据黏液瘤好发部位行多切面扫查,以发现突入心腔的高回声团或偏强回声团。
苯酚烧伤一例

苯酚被广泛用于医药消毒剂、油漆、防腐剂、塑料、农药制作等原料,纯品遇火可燃烧爆炸,导致人体烧伤和中毒,苯酚蒸气可从肺部快速吸收至循环中,其吸收率与蒸气浓度和呼吸频率有关,苯酚烧伤后首先累计的内脏器官可能为肺脏。2014年8月14日,我科收治1例苯酚烧伤患者,现报告如下。
美囯职业安全与健康研究所健康危害评估项目介绍

健康危害评估项目(health hazard evaluations , HHEs)是由美国联邦政府机构国立职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)面向全美提供的免费职业卫生技术服务。基于1970年颁布的《职业安全卫生法》,美国建立了职业安全与卫生管理局(OSHA)和NIOSH,两者均关注工作场所安全与健康。OSHA 隶属于美国劳工部,是执法机构,主要职责是负责制定作业场所安全卫生标准,并检查标准的执行情况。NIOSH隶属于美国卫生与人力服务部(HHS)疾病预防控制中心(CDC),是职业卫生的研究机构,主要通过提供职业安全卫生领域的研究、信息、教育和培训等方面的服务,确保工作场所工人的安全与卫生。我们现就HHEs法律依据、程序及应用等方面作一介绍。
我国尘肺病患者自我管理及行为研究现状

尘肺病(pneumoconiosis )是长期在职业活动中吸入生产性粉尘潴留在肺内而发生的肺部进行性纤维组织增生的全身性疾病。尘肺病早期表现为巨噬细胞肺泡炎,晚期导致不同程度的肺纤维化,大多伴有慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),是我国严重的致残性职业病, 一旦诊断为尘肺病,终身带病,给患者家庭和社会带来很大的经济负担。据统计,我国每年因尘肺病造成的直接经济损失达80多亿元。然而,尘肺病的治疗和康复是一个漫长的过程,尘肺病患者自我管理是尘肺病患者康复过程中的重要研究内容。近年来,慢性病自我管理研究主要集中在高血压、哮喘、心力衰竭、糖尿病、肾脏病等方面,在尘肺病康复过程中的研究尚处于初始阶段。我们就尘肺病患者自我管理研究现状进行综述,以期为国内学者及相关机构的尘肺病患者自我管理研究提供决策依据或参考。
Synthesis, antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and cytotoxic activities of new series of benzothiazole derivatives

New series of benzothiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Compounds 6j and 6o showed the highest activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The antifungal activity of these compounds was also tested against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus 293. Compounds 4c, 4g and 6j exhibited the highest activity against C. albicans. In addition, compounds 4a and 6j displayed promising activity against A. fumigatus 293. The same compounds were examined for their antiquorum-sensing activity against Chromobacteriumviolaceum ATCC 12472, whereas compounds 4a, 6j and 6p showed moderate activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity testing of the synthesized compounds was performed against cervical cancer (Hela) and kidney fibroblast cancer (COS-7) cell lines. Results indicated that all tested compounds have IC_(50) values >50 mmol/L against both cell lines. Molecular properties, toxicities, drug-likeness, and drug score profiles of compounds 4a–c, 5a, 6g,h, 6j, 6l, 6o and 7c,d were also assessed.
2015年前三季度我国医药工业经济运行分析

2015年前三季度,我国医药工业部分经济指标出现回暖,主营业务收入和利润总额增速均有不同程度的回升,其余经济指标均见下滑,其中,出口交货值增速下降明显,已降至3.2%,是近几年的历史最低水平。2015年前三季度医药制造业增加值增速达10.2%,较去年同期下降2.4个百分点,但仍高出全国工业增加值4.0个百分点,在全国工业各行业中排名靠前。
肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌5例临床病理分析

目的探讨肾脏黏液样小管状和梭形细胞癌( mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma,MTSCC)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析5例肾脏 MTSCC 患者资料,4例女性,1例男性,平均年龄50岁; 腰痛2例,体检发现肾肿瘤3例。结果肿瘤最大径范围3. 3 ~ 6. 5 cm,平均4. 86 cm。发生于右侧3例,左侧2例。2例行肿瘤剜除术,3例行根治性肾切除术。肿瘤均位于肾实质内,界限清楚。3例为经典型,1例富于管状结构,1例富于梭形细胞。此外,含有比例不等的泡沫细胞、透明细胞、乳头状结构及坏死区域。细胞核无多形性,无核分裂象。免疫组化标记CD10、CD15、CK7、CK19、EMA、AMACR 的阳性率分别为0、20%、80%、80%、100%、100%。术后平均随访时间38. 6个月,均存活。结论MTSCC 是一种少见的低度恶性肿瘤,其预后较好。诊断主要依据病理形态学特征及免疫表型。治疗主要为手术切除。
套细胞淋巴瘤中LSD1、H3K4me1、H3K4me2蛋白表达及临床意义

目的探讨LSD1蛋白、组蛋白H3K4me1、H3K4me2在套细胞淋巴瘤( mantle cell lymphoma,MCL)中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测30例MCL 和30例反应性淋巴结炎组织(对照组)中LSD1、H3K4me1、H3K4me2的表达,分析三者之间的相关性以及与临床病理特征的关系。结果H3K4me1、H3K4me2、LSD1在MCL 中的阳性高表达率分别为33% ( 10 /30) 、10% ( 3 /30)和50% ( 15 /30) ,在对照组中的阳性高表达率分别为71% ( 23 /30) 、47% ( 14 /30)和17% ( 5 /30 ) 。LSD1在MCL 中的表达高于对照组, H3K4me1、H3K4me2在MCL 组织中的表达低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义( P < 0. 05) 。H3K4me1、H3K4me2、LSD1表达与临床病理特征均无关( P > 0. 05) ,LSD1与H3K4me1、 H3K4me2表达呈负相关和负相关发展趋势( rs = - 0. 483,P = 0. 007; rs = - 0. 015,P = 0. 934) ,H3K4me1与H3K4me2表达呈正相关( rs = 0. 665,P = 0. 000 1) 。结论MCL 中LSD1蛋白呈高表达,组蛋白H3K4me1和H3K4me2呈低表达。 LSD1调控组蛋白H3K4甲基化水平,可能在MCL 发生、发展过程中起一定的作用,LSD1高表达有辅助病理诊断价值,并为MCL 的治疗提供新思路。
功能性单心室房室瓣置换术的护理配合

目的总结功能性单心室合并重度房室瓣返流患者行瓣膜置换的护理配合。方法对32例合并重度房室瓣重度返流的功能性单心室患者行房室瓣膜置换17例,房室瓣置换+全腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术5例,房室瓣置换+上腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术10例。术前参与复杂手术病例讨论,明确手术方案及步骤,提前备好手术常规及特殊用物,术中熟练配合外科医生,做好抢救及术式改变的配合,术后安全及时转运患者。结果4例术后死亡,生存28例均接受随访(其中2例失访),随访0.9~9.3年,期间无死亡。结论手术护士术前参与手术病例讨论,正确准备特殊器械和物品,术中沉着应变,默契配合,传递准确,做好各项应对措施是复杂手术配合的关键。
银屑病中医体质研究述评

综合分析银屑病体质类型方面的研究,包括相关理论探讨、银屑病体质分布规律、银屑病证型与不同体质的关系、体质与影响因素的关系,并就研究中出现的问题如研究地区的不同、收集病例的时间不同、研究样本量过小、医务人员和患者的主观偏差等作了简要分析。在此基础上提出今后银屑病体质研究的方向,认为基于发病时相、诱因、体型等筛选疗效确切的特色调体药对,加强银屑病饮食、运动、情志调摄等非药物疗法的研究,从基因水平、现代分子生物学、免疫学等微观层面对银屑病体质进行深入探讨,是降低银屑病复发率、提高疗效的有效途径。
《巴黎协议》能否终结减排“裸奔时代”

北京时间2015年12月14日凌晨,巴黎气候变化大会主席、法国外长Laurent Fabius拿起带有大会标志的绿色小锤敲了一下,宣告《巴黎协议》诞生。《联合国气候变化框架公约》的近200个缔约方达成新的全球气候协定,《巴黎协议》作为里程碑式协议将为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动作出安排。与会各方普遍认为,《巴黎协议》成为气候谈判的历史性转折点,人类对协定的长期目标远超预期而感到鼓舞。但新加坡《联合早报》 2015年12月14日报道称,环境保护组织对巴黎气候协议的内容褒贬不一,有人认为历史性跨步并不意味着十全十美。 《巴黎协议》当然也留下了一些未解的难题,且有专家提出,这一协议有效落实的困难与阻力巨大,需各国自我约束以及减排资金落实到位才能保证减排的成效,真正缓解全球气候问题。
恶性疟原虫感染一例

讨论疟原虫是一类危害人体健康的寄生虫,其中因恶性疟原虫感染所致疟疾,简称恶性疟疾。恶性疟疾的临床症状最为严重,其感染率及致死率在各种疟原虫中亦占首位。近年来国内流动人口剧增,加之国外传染源不断输入,使恶性疟的流行范围和发病比例有不断扩大的趋势。在亚洲和非洲地区,疟疾仍然是威胁和危害人们健康最为严重的寄生虫疾病之一。
表现为跳跃现象的mahaim纤维参与房室折返性心动过速一例

该病例窦性心律时12导联体表心电图QRS波形态基本正常,仅在V3、V4导联QRS波终末部分似乎存在心室“迟激”,无束支阻滞。心动过速发作时表现为宽QRS波心动过速,类左束支传导阻滞。可考虑室上性心动过速伴功能性束支传导阻滞,右心室起源室性心动过速伴室房1:1逆传及普通旁道前传的逆向性房室折返性心动过速。首先,心动过速发作时his通道无H波,可以直接排除前者,而窦性心律下AH、HV正常,无预激波,心房起搏出现预激表现时的体表QRS波形态与心动过速发作时完全一致,并且房室结传导阻滞后心房S1S2刺激时AV逐渐延长,唯一可能的诊断只有mahaim纤维参与的房室折返性心动过速,此诊断为mahaim纤维成功消融所证实。具有mahaim纤维的病例在进行心房起搏或者心房期前刺激时,随着AH的逐渐延长, H波逐渐后移到QRS波群中,HV逐渐缩短,体表QRS波表现为预激程度逐渐增大,直至达到最大预激。而本病例表现为房室结传导突然阻滞,仅剩mahaim纤维前传,类似于房室结双径的跳跃现象,实属罕见。并且消融成功后电生理检查不存在双径路,心室“迟激”消失。考虑的可能原因为本病例的mahaim纤维传导速度远慢于房室结,其次心房刺激时,mahaim纤维比房室结具有更长的递减传导,故出现“跳跃现象”。
加强玉米有害生物发生规律与防控技术研究,保障玉米安全生产

玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,也是重要的饲料作物,在发展我国的畜牧业和水产养殖业中具有战略性意义,在医药、化工方面也有广泛用途(仇焕广等,2013)。近十年来,随着农业种植结构的调整和耕作栽培方式的转变,玉米品种选育加快,种植面积迅速增加,玉米病虫害发生一直呈加重趋势,一些次要害虫在全国范围或局部地区为害不断加重,甚至上升为主要害虫,加之一些新发生的病害,对玉米安全生产构成了威胁(石洁等,2005;秦子惠等,2014;赵立萍等,2015)。
外伤后肠系膜上动静脉瘘致区域性门静脉高压一例

区域性门静脉高压是一类动静脉瘘、血管畸形、血栓形成或外源性压迫等原因导致门静脉系统局部血管压增高的临床少见疾病,可由先天发育异常、腹部外伤、手术、反复胰腺炎、腹腔肿瘤等导致。其中由动脉-门静脉系统瘘形成的报道相对较多,包括动脉-脾静脉瘘,动脉-肠系膜上、下静脉瘘,动脉-门静脉主干瘘等。正常情况下,门静脉系统压力为5~10 mmHg(1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa),常见的肝硬化门静脉高压最大不超过40 mmHg,而人体正常动脉压>90 mmHg,远高于门静脉压力。因此,当各种原因形成动脉-门静脉系统相通后,动脉血液会涌入压力较低的门静脉系统,导致门静脉压力骤然升高,侧支循环形成。其中重要的一条侧支循环通过胃冠状静脉和(或)胃短静脉及胃后静脉,使食管胃底静脉曲张,通过奇静脉、胃肾静脉等分流入腔静脉,患者门静脉压力与血流均显著高于肝硬化门静脉高压。这类患者采用内镜下组织胶注射或套扎术效果均不佳,唯一可能治愈的办法是将动静脉瘘阻断。
抗抑郁焦虑治疗慢性非结石性胆囊炎慢性疼痛的临床疗效

慢性疼痛在临床上很常见,消化科也不例外。因上腹及右上腹痛就诊的患者中,慢性胆道疾病较多见,其中伴有抑郁焦虑的患者常反复就诊,久治不愈,甚至切除胆囊仍不能缓解疼痛。以往医师通常忽视了负性心理情绪因素的作用。近年来,有关慢性疼痛伴发抑郁焦虑的研究日益受到关注。与健康对照者相比,慢性非结石性胆囊炎(chronic acalculous cholecystitis,CAC)患者的抑郁焦虑症状更加明显。但对CAC患者进行抗抑郁焦虑治疗的研究鲜见报道。本研究观察新型抗抑郁药舍曲林对CAC伴抑郁焦虑和慢性疼痛患者的疗效。
炎症性肠病与维生素D缺乏的关系

目前认为IBD是由环境、遗传、感染和免疫因素共同参与,引起肠黏膜免疫系统异常反应所造成的肠道损伤,包括 UC和CD。维生素D的来源主要包括由皮肤经紫外线照射转化生成的内源性途径,以及摄入富含维生素D 的食物和药物的外源性途径。维生素D除传统调节钙、磷代谢的作用外,近年来还发现其对抗感染和调节免疫具有广泛作用,与多种自身免疫性疾病(如IBD)相关,并备受关注。
抗病毒治疗对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏血流动力学的影响

随着乙型肝炎(以下简称乙肝)肝硬化门静脉高压的发展,肝硬化失代偿的发生率增高,5年生存率仅14%~28%。肝静脉压力梯度(hepatic vein pressure gradient, HVPG)虽是评估门静脉高压的金标准,但因其侵袭性和价格昂贵,并不适合广泛应用于临床。肝脏多普勒超声结合微泡造影技术能无创、简便、价廉、准确地检测肝脏血流动力学变化,且肝硬化患者的肝静脉减振指数(hepatic vein-damping index,HV-DI) 、肝静脉到达时间(hepatic vein arrival time, HVAT )等超声参数与HVPG 相关,能反映门静脉压力的变化。对于慢性乙肝患者,采用拉米夫定等核苷(酸)类似物进行长期抗病毒治疗有效、安全,可降低肝功能失代偿和肝细胞癌的发生率,延缓慢性乙肝、晚期肝纤维化和肝硬化的进展。目前,关于乙肝肝硬化患者的长期抗病毒治疗对其门静脉高压血流动力学影响的报道不多见。本研究采用前瞻性、非随机对照法,利用超声评估长期抗病毒治疗对乙肝肝硬化患者肝脏血流动力学的影响。
重症肌无力患者围术期麻醉管理的进展

重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)是一种由抗体介导的乙酰胆碱(Ach)受体(AchR)受损和功能性AchR减少的自身免疫性疾病,其临床特征是骨骼肌无力和易疲劳,活动后症状加重,休息或予胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗后可缓解。鉴于其特殊的病理生理,对MG患者的围术期麻醉管理应谨慎。
Analysis of Low-Frequency Vibrational Modes and Particle Rearrangements in Marginally Jammed Amorphous Solid under Quasi-Static Shear

We present the numerical simulation results of a model granular assembly formed by spherical particles with Hertzian interaction subjected to a simple shear in the athermal quasi-static limit. The stress-strain curve is shown to separate into smooth, elastic branches followed by a subsequent plastic event. Mode analysis shows that the lowest-frequency vibrational mode is more localized, and eigenvalues and participation ratios of lowfrequency modes exhibit similar power-law behavior as the system approaches plastic instability, indicating that the nature of plastic events in the granular system is also a saddle node bifurcation. The analysis of projection and spatial structure shows that over 75% contributions to the non-affine displacement field at a plastic instability come from the lowest-frequency mode, and the lowest-freq uency mode is strongly spatially correlated with local plastic rearrangements, inferring that the lowest-freq uency mode could be used as a predictor for future plastic rearrangements in the disordered system jammed marginally.
Raman Scattering Modification Induced by Structural Change in Alumina Polymorphs

The calculated Raman spectra disclose that alumina polymorphs of nordstrandite, gibbsite, diaspore, boehmite, bayerite and α-Al_2O_3 display different phonon behaviors, which can be attributed to their internal crystal structure changes. The strongest Raman peaks of nordstrandite, gibbsite, diaspore, boehmite, bayerite and α-Al_2O_3 are located at 214.2cm~(-1), 3314.4cm~(-1), 2298.6cm~(-1), 747.7cm~(-1), 3484.6cm~(-1) and 529.2cm~(-1), respectively. The characterizations in Raman spectra of those polymorphs are obviously different, which can be used in fingerprints to identify the alumina polymorphs structure.
20 Years Advances in Preparation of Potassium Salts from Potassic Rocks: A Review

Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca(OH)_2, NaOH, KOH-H_2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxylcancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH, (Na, K)_2SiO_3, and K_2SiO_3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaOH and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.
Eddy analysis in the Eastern China Sea using altimetry data

Statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the Eastern China Sea (ECS) are analyzed using altimetry sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data from 1993 to 2010. A velocity geometry-based automated eddy detection scheme is employed to detect eddies from the SSHA data to generate an eddy data set. About 1,096 eddies (one lifetime of eddies is counted as one eddy) with a lifetime longer than or equal to 4 weeks are identified in this region. The average lifetime and radius of eddies are 7 weeks and 55 km, respectively, and there is no significant difference between cyclonic eddies (CEs) and anticyclonic eddies (AEs) in this respect. Eddies' lifetimes are generally longer in deep water than in shallow water. Most eddies propagate northeastward along the Kuroshio (advected by the Kuroshio), with more CEs generated on its western side and AEs on its eastern side. The variation of the Kuroshio transport is one of the major mechanisms for eddy genesis, however the generation of AEs on the eastern side of the Kuroshio (to the open ocean) is also subject to other factors, such as the wind stress curl due to the presence of the Ryukyu Islands and the disturbance from the open ocean.
A new three-dimensional terrain-following tidal model of free-surface flows

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is presented which combines a terrain-following vertical coordinate with a horizontally orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system to fit the complex bottom topography and coastlines near estuaries, continental shelves, and harbors. To solve the governing equations more efficiently, we improve the alternating direction implicit method, which is extensively used in the numerical modeling of horizontal two-dimensional shallow water equations, and extend it to a three-dimensional tidal model with relatively little computational effort. Through several test cases and realistic applications, as presented in the paper, it can be demonstrated that the model is capable of simulating the periodic to-and-fro currents, wind-driven flow, Ekman spirals, and tidal currents in the near-shore region.
Nucleation and crystallization of tailing-based glass-ceramics by microwave heating

The effect of microwave radiation on the nucleation and crystallization of tailing-based glass-ceramics was investigated using a 2.45 GHz multimode microwave cavity. Tailing-based glass samples were prepared from Shandong gold tailings and Guyang iron tailings utilizing a conventional glass melting technique. For comparison, the tailing-based glass samples were crystallized using two different heat-treatment methods: conventional heating and hybrid microwave heating. The nucleation and crystallization temperatures were determined by performing a differential thermal analysis of the quenched tailing-based glass. The prepared glass-ceramic samples were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermal expansion coefficient measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that hybrid microwave heating could be successfully used to crystallize the tailing-based glass, reduce the processing time, and decrease the crystallization temperature. Furthermore, the results indicated that the nucleation and crystallization mechanism of the hybrid microwave heating process slightly differs from that of the conventional heating process.
负压引流技术在鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后的应用

鼻内镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后为稳定鼻腔结构,防止术后鼻中隔血肿形成,避免鼻腔粘连和狭窄,常规进行鼻腔填塞。填塞给患者带来了巨大的痛苦。自2013年12月~ 2014年12月我科采用负压引流技术对减轻鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后患者不适获得满意效果,现总结如下。
垂体腺瘤合并颅咽管瘤一例并文献复习

垂体腺瘤和颅咽管瘤是鞍区或鞍上区较常见的良性肿瘤。垂体腺瘤约占颅内肿瘤的10%~15%,年发病率为(0.2~2.8)/10万人;而颅咽管瘤占所有颅内原发肿瘤的1% ~4%,其年发病率约0.13/10万人。鞍区或鞍上区垂体腺瘤与颅咽管瘤共存现象非常少见,其发病机制也不清楚。现报道1例混合的垂体促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)腺瘤和成釉质细胞型颅咽管瘤,并结合相关文献对其发病机制进行讨论,旨在提高对该类型肿瘤的认识。
Serum uric acid as a prognostic marker in the setting of advanced vascular disease: a prospective study in the elderly

Background Many epidemiological studies analyze the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular outcomes. This observational prospective study investigates the association of serum uric acid (SUA) levels with adverse cardiovascular events and deaths in an elderly population affected by advanced atherosclerosis. Methods Two hundred and seventy six elderly patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis (217 males and 59 females; aged 71.2 ± 7.8 years) were included. All patients were assessed for history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity and traditional risk factors. Patients were followed for approximately 31 ± 11 months. Major events were recorded during follow-up, defined as myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, myocardial and/or peripheral revascularization and death. Results Mean SUA level was 5.47 ± 1.43 mg/dL; then we further divided the population in two groups, according to the median value (5.36 mg/dL). During a median follow up of 31 months (5 to 49 months), 66 cardiovascular events, 9 fatal cardiovascular events and 14 cancer-related deaths have occurred. The patients with increased SUA level presented a higher significant incidence of total cardiovascular events (HR: 1.867, P = 0.014, 95% CI: 1.134-3.074). The same patients showed a significant increased risk of cancer-related death (HR: 4.335, P = 0.025, 95% CI: 1.204-15.606). Conclusions Increased SUA levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular events and cancer related death in a population of mainly elderly patients affected by peripheral vasculopathy.
Significantly reduced function of T cells in patients with acute arterial thrombosis

Objectives To explore the intrinsic factors related to the pathogenesis of acute arterial thrombosis (AAT) and to elucidate the pathogenesis of AAT on the basis of differentially expressed genes. Methods Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina (SA) and healthy controls (n = 20 per group) were recruited, and the whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes among these subjects. Results Patients with AMI had disease-specific gene expression pattern. Biological functional analysis showed the function of T cells was significantly reduced, the mitochondrial metabolism significantly decreased, the ion metabolism was abnormal, the cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction increased, the phagocytosis elevated, the neutrophil-mediated immunity increased and the post-traumatic repair of cells and tissues increased in AMI patients. The biological function in SA group and healthy controls remained stable and was comparable. Conclusions The reduced function of T cell gene models in AAT showed the dysfunction of the immune system. The pathogenesis of AAT may be related to the inflammatory reaction after arterial intima infection caused by potential pathogenic microorganisms.
Liraglutide reduces oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress and fatty degeneration in Raw 264.7 cells involving the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway

Backgound Recent studies have suggested a potential role for liraglutide in the prevention and stabilization of atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of liraglutide on atherosclerosis have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine whether liraglutide protects against oxidative stress and fatty degeneration via modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) signaling pathway in foam cells. Methods Mouse macrophages Raw264.7 cells were exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to induce the formation of foam cells. The cells were incubated with oxLDL (50 μg/mL), liraglutide (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 nmol/L) or exendin-3 (9-39) (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L) alone, or in combination. Oil Red O staining was used to detect intracellular lipid droplets. The levels of TG and cholesterol were measured using the commercial kits. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD). Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of AMPKα1, SREBP1, phosphorylated AMPKα1, phosphorylated SREBP1, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Results Oil Red O staining showed that the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation was visibly decreased in foam cells by treatment with liraglutide. The TG and cholesterol content in the liraglutide-treated foam cells was significantly decreased. In addition, foam cells manifested an impaired oxidative stress following liraglutide treatment, as evidenced by increased SOD, and decreased ROS and MDA. However, these effects of liraglutide on foam cells were attenuated by the use of GLP-1R antagonist exendin-3 (9-39). Furthermore, we found that the expression level of AMPKα1 and phosphorylated AMPKα1 was significantly increased while the expression level of SREBP1 and phosphorylated SREBP1 was significantly decreased in foam cells following treatment with liraglutide. Conclusions This study for the first time demonstrated that the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration in oxLDL-induced Raw264.7 cells is accompanied by the alteration of AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. This study provided a potential molecular mechanism for the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration.
Protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 on Wistar rats with heart failure through the inhibition of inflammation and amelioration of intestinal microcirculation

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure (HF). As a result of reduced cardiac function, splanchnic blood flow decreases, causing ischemia in villi and damage to the intestinal barrier. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could prevent, or lessen the effects of stress and inflammation. Thus, the effect and mechanism thereof of HO-1 on the intestines of rats with HF was investigated. Methods Male Wistar rats with heart failure through ligation of the left coronary artery were identified with an left ventricular ejection fraction of < 45% through echocardiography and then divided into various experimental groups based on the type of peritoneal injection they received [MI: saline; MI + Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP): CoPP solution; and MI + Tin mesoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnMP): SnMP solution]. The control group was comprised of rats without coronary ligation. Echocardiography was performed before ligation for a baseline and eight weeks after ligation in order to evaluate the cardiac function of the rats. The bacterial translocation (BT) incidence, mesenteric microcirculation, amount of endotoxins in the vein serum, ileum levels of HO-1, carbon oxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the ileum morphology were determined eight weeks after the operation. Results The rats receiving MI + CoPP injections exhibited a recovery in cardiac function, an amelioration of mesenteric microcirculation and change in morphology, a lower BT incidence, a reduction in serum and ileac NO and TNF-α levels, and an elevation in ileac HO-1, CO, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels compared to the MI group (P < 0.05). The rats that received the MI + SnMP injections exhibited results inverse to the MI (P < 0.05) group. Conclusions HO-1 exerted a protective effect on the intestines of rats with HF by inhibiting the inflammation and amelioration of microcirculation through the CO pathway. This protective effect could be independent from the recovery of cardiac function.