mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Circuit Implementation of Power Converter for High-Speed Switching Operations

Recently, high di/dt and dv/dt switching operations of power converter circuits has been discussed for realizing a high-efficiency power converter circuit. In this case, parasitic inductances of the bus bar between a DC capacitor and power devices may cause issues of overshoot voltage and electromagnetic interference(EMI) noise. Therefore, it is necessary to design the bus bar geometry while considering the minimization and optimization of the parasitic inductance of bus bar. This paper discusses a relationship between bus bar geometry and switching characteristics. In addition, the bus bar analysis is based on the PEEC method, and the bus bar geometry is designed by considering the stray inductance with using an inductance-map method. Moreover, this paper also presents a design procedure of acceptable stray inductance based on a standardization method. It should be noted that the stray inductance is designed not for minimization, but optimization, and it is shown not as an absolute value(H), but as a percentage value(%). Finally, the oscillation waveforms under turn-off operation will be discussed depending on the bus bar geometry.
Capacitive DC Links in Power Electronic Systems-Reliability and Circuit Design

Capacitive DC links are an important part in voltage source power electronic converters, which contribute to cost, size and failure rate on a considerable scale. With more and more stringent constraints brought by industrial applications, the capacitive DC links encounter reliability aspect challenges. This paper presents a review on the reliability design and improvement of capacitive DC links from three aspects: 1) Quantitative reliability prediction for DC-link capacitors; 2) Reliability-oriented design of passive DC-link capacitor banks; and 3) Advanced active DC links to exceed the limits of passive DC-link capacitors. Key solutions for each aspect are highlighted and discussed with case studies. This review serves to provide a picture of state-of-the-art research on the reliability design and improvement of capacitive DC links, highlight the key milestones in this area, and identify the corresponding challenges and future research directions.
An atypical pituitary adenoma with a high degree of malignancy: a case report

Background: Pituitary carcinoma is very rare and hard to diagnose. However, some atypical pituitary adenomas present with a high rate of proliferation and extensive invasion, suggesting a tumor with a high degree of malignancy. Case presentation: Here, we present a case study of this type of tumor. A 46 years old women was admitted for headaches and impaired vision, and MRI and CT revealed a sellar lesion. She underwent a transsphenoidal surgery followed by radiotherapy, but the tumor recurred only one month later. She decided to undergo a second and third operation. The final pathology showed a non-functioning adenoma that was approximately 80% ki-67-positive and extensively p53-positive. No metastasis was found. The tumor progressed extremely quickly, and the patient died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. Conclusions: A pituitary adenoma like this should be treated like a carcinoma, and early treatment may increase the likelihood of survival. A traditional diagnosis standard is unfit for this type of tumor.
Reliability Analysis of Grid-Interfaced Filter Capacitors

Growing with the increased adoption of renewable energy for the power generation, the reliable and cost-effective operation of grid-connected inverters is of more and more importance. A filter is interfaced between an inverter and the utility grid to reduce the switching harmonics. According to the modulation scheme and the LCL filter impedance, the electrical stresses of the filter capacitor can be thoroughly investigated. With the help of the electro-thermal model, its long-term thermal stress can be obtained based on the mission profile like wind speed, ambient temperature. The reliability of the filter capacitor bank is obtained based on its individual capacitor reliability curves and reliability block diagram method. A case study on a 2MW wind turbine system demonstrates the relationship between the lifetime of the capacitor bank and the single capacitor. Moreover, the severe voltage and current stresses of the filter capacitors are analyzed during abnormal operations (e.g., fault ride-through) with asymmetrical parasitic parameters.
Mitochondrial genomes of four pierid butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) with assessments about Pieridae phylogeny upon multiple mitogenomic datasets

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of four pierid butterfly species, namely Batltia butleri, Talbotia naganum, Pontia callidice and P. daplidice, were newly sequenced and characterized. Meanwhile the phylogenetic relationships of the main Pieridae lineages covering 22 pierid butterfly species, were reconstructed with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods based on different mitogenomic datasets, including the concatenated 13 PCGs, 13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs, 2 rRNAs, 2rRNAs + 22 tRNAs and 22 tRNAs sequences, respectively. Our results of mitogenomic analysis showed that the four mitogenomes were 15,124, 15,155, 15,109, 15,124 bp in size, with the gene orders and arangements identical to all other butterflies determined. Our results of phylogenetic analyses upon protein coding genes, rRNA genes or their sequence combinations indicated that the three pierid subfamilies of this study were all monophyletic, with their relationships of being (Dismorphiinae, (Pierinae, Coliadinae)); the phylogenetic relationship of Pierini of this study was (Pieris, (Baltia, (Talbotia, Pontia))) + (Prioneris, (Delias, Aporia)). Additionally, our analyses suggested that only mitogenomic tRNA sequence datasets were not ready to be utilized in resolving the deeper phylogeny, whereas somewhat suitable to be applied in clarifying the phylogenies of closely related species, of the pierid butterflies.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric methanol using a continuous-wave terahertz spectrometer

We present a specific-window method to subtract the interference of water vapor on terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy(THz-FDS) at ambient temperature and pressure. A continuous-wave spectrometer based on photomixing was utilized to obtain THz-FDS of methanol vapor in the range of 50–1200 GHz. The distinctly spaced absorption features in the neighborhood of atmospheric windows of transparency were selected to perform linear fitting versus the calculated absorption cross section and obtain the concentration of methanol. Furthermore, the gradually decreased methanol vapor was quantified to demonstrate the reliability of the method.
Prognostic utility of NT-proBNP greater than 70,000 pg/mL in patients with end stage renal disease

Natriuretic peptides are synthesized in ventricular myocytes and released into the circulation in response to increased myocardial wall stress.Causes of myocardial wall stress include pulmonary hypertension,ventricular dilatation,as well as heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular function.The 108 amino acid pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) is the cleavage product of the 134-amino acid hormone Pre-Pro-BNP,which once released into circulation it further cleaves into C-terminal pro-BNP (32 amino acids,BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (76 amino acids,NT-proBNP).Physiological effects of pro-BNP include reduction of sympathetic tone and activity of the renin-angiotensin system,promotion of vasodilation,natriuresis and diuresis.
C-reactive protein aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2

Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inflammatory response that occurs when tissue is reperfused following a prolonged period of ischemia.Several studies have indicated that C-reactive protein (CRP) might play an important role in inducing IRI.However,the effects of CRP on myocardial IRI and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the association between CRP and myocardial IRI and the underlying mechanisms.Methods We simulated ischemia/reperfusion using oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes;reperfusion injury was induced by three hours of hypoxia with glucose and serum deprivation followed by one hour of reperfusion.Cell viability was tested with MTS assays,and cardiomyocyte damage was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was measured using calcein/AM;both TMRE and caocein/AM were visualized with laser scanning confocal microscopy.In addition,we studied the signaling pathways underlying CRP-mediated ischemia/reperfusion injury via Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the simple OGD/R group,after intervention with 10 µg/mL CRP,cell viability decreased markedly (82.36 % ± 6.18% vs.64.84% ± 4.06%,P = 0.0007),and the LDH leakage significantly increased (145.3 U/L ± 16.06 U/L vs.208.2 U/L ± 19.23 U/L,P = 0.0122).CRP also activated mPTP opening and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.Pretreatment with 1 µM atorvastatin (Ator) before CRP intervention protected cardiomyocytes from IRI.Mitochondrial K_(ATP) channel opener diazoxide and mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A also offset the effects of CRP in this process.The level of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was significantly higher after pre-treatment with CRP compared with the OGD/R group (170.4% ± 3.00% vs.93.53% ± 1.94%,P< 0.0001).Western blot analysis revealed that Akt expression was markedly activated (184.2% ± 6.96% vs.122.7% ± 5.30%,P = 0.0003) and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation significantly reduced after co-treatment with Ator and CRP compared with the level after CRP pretreatment alone.Conclusions Our results suggested that CRP directly aggravates myocardial IRI in myocardial cells and that this effect is primarily mediated by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP- sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels and promoting mPTP opening.Ator counteracts these effects and can reduce CRP-induced IRI.One of the mechanisms of CRP-induced IRI may be related to the sustained activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
阿德福韦酯致低磷性骨软化症二例

由此可见,要警惕长期应用阿德福韦酯抗乙型肝炎病毒治疗的患者中发生低磷性骨软化症的可能,骨痛常为其首发症状,临床上易被误诊为骨质疏松、AS、肋软骨炎、跟腱炎、筋膜炎、肋间神经痛等疾病。血磷、碱性磷酸酶、电解质的测定为防止低磷性骨软化症误诊的有效检查手段;一旦发生低磷性骨软化症,应及时停药改用其他抗病毒的药物或者减少阿德福韦酯的用量,并且针对出现的其他的代谢紊乱进行相应处理,一般预后尚好。
心力衰竭患者行漂浮导管术的安全性评价

目的:评价漂浮导管术在心力衰竭患者中的安全性。方法:入选2013年1月—2017年7月期间行漂浮导管术的心力衰竭患者,记录操作并发症和手术不良反应。结果:278例入选,平均年龄(55.4 ± 14.3)岁,其中男188例,女90例,漂浮导管术操作的平均时间为(32.4 ± 15.6)min。共24例出现了并发症或不良反应,1例因血管鞘弯折未成功行漂浮导管术,2例因术中心衰加重停止手术未成功,其余275例均成功行漂浮导管术,其中261例经右侧颈内静脉途径,14例经右锁骨下静脉途径。并发症有穿刺误入动脉10例,气胸1例,局部血肿5例,声音嘶哑1例,3度房室传导阻滞3例,上腔静脉血肿1例。无血胸、死亡等严重并发症发生。并发症和不良反应能够自行好转或经治疗后好转,无后遗症。结论:对心力衰竭患者由有经验的医师检查漂浮导管术的安全,其结果对心力衰竭患者的治疗有指导意义。
牛支原体膜蛋白的研究进展

支原体(Mycoplasma)是目前世界上最小的、进行自我复制的、且能在无生命培养基中生长的原核生物,结构简单,缺乏细胞壁,能通过0.22微米的细菌滤器。支原体种类繁多,对人类和动植物造成的危害大,且易污染体外培养的细胞,给科研工作带来多重不利影响。同时,支原体由于缺乏细胞壁,常用来作为研究膜结构及功能的模型。目前被确定的支原体有200多种,其中至少20种可以感染牛,牛支原体在感染牛的支原体中研究最为广泛。
Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy is accurate for differentiating gastric lesions in patients in a Western center

Objective:Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) technique may improve the diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions allowing acquisition of high-resolution in vivo images at the cellular and microvascular levels.This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of pCLE for the differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric lesions.Methods:Twenty gastric mucosal lesions from 10 patients were evaluated during endoscopic procedure and were examined by pCLE.Diagnostic pCLE was followed by biopsies or endoscopic resection of suspected lesions.A senior pathologist evaluated the specimens and was blinded to the pCLE results.Results:Patients’ mean age was 68.3 (range,42–83) years and six were men.Thirteen suspicious flat or elevated lesions (classified as 0–Is,0–IIa or 0–IIa + IIc) and seven pre-malignant lesions (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia) were evaluated.One patient was studied during his long-term follow-up after partial gastrectomy and presented severe atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,and xanthomas at the stump mucosa.The location of gastric lesions was in the body (n=10 lesions),the antrum (n=9) and the incisura angularis (n=1).All neoplastic lesions and all but one benign lesion were properly diagnosed by pCLE.pCLE incorrectly diagnosed one small antrum lesion as adenoma,however the final diagnosis was intestinal metaplasia.The final histological diagnosis was neoplastic in 9 and benign lesions in 11.In this small case series,pCLE accuracy was 95% (19/20 lesions).Conclusions:pCLE is accurate for real time histology of gastric lesions.pCLE may change the management of patients with gastric mucosal lesions,guiding biopsies and endoscopic resection,and avoiding further diagnostic workup or unnecessary therapy.
痛风相关知识问答(二)——痛风急性发作期及预防发作治疗篇

痛风急性发作期治疗的主要原则是快速控制关节炎症和疼痛。急性期应卧床休息,抬高患肢,早期采取药物治疗,且最好在发作24h内开始用药。目前痛风急性发作期的一线治疗药物有秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药,当秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药存在治疗禁忌或治疗效果不佳时,也可考虑短期应用糖皮质激素抗炎。若单药治疗效果不佳,可选择上述药物联合治疗。近些年,国外也有应用白细胞介素-1(IL-1)受体拮抗剂作为痛风急性发作期的治疗。
TGA-FTIR联用技术快速检测海水中的聚酰胺微塑料

微塑料作为新型环境污染物,是直径小于5毫米的聚合物颗粒,在环境中广泛存在.本文通过热重-红外联用技术(TGA-FTIR)建立了微塑料的定量分析方法.在TGA中对微塑料热解,用FTIR分析微塑料的热解气体,通过热解气体的特征峰对微塑料进行识别和量化.对生活中常用的4种微塑料进行了测试,结果表明,大部分微塑料的热解物质红外信号相互重叠.建立了PA的定量标准曲线,并对实际环境样品检测,验证了该方法的有效性.
1例上腔静脉支架与PICC同时置入的护理

总结1例上腔静脉综合征患者经上肢同时置入上腔静脉支架与PICC的护理经验.护理重点包括术前充分风险评估,选择上腔静脉支架与PICC同时置入;术中DSA可视下医护协同操作,第1次置管时解决送管困难、导管头端紧贴支架内壁等问题,第2次置管时采用原位换管以减少穿刺点出血,同时改良扩皮方法解决送鞘困难;术后指压结合加压包扎预防局部出血、利尿防止右心功能不全、补液纠正急性颅内压降低等并发症.2次置管成功,导管留置190 d内功能良好,无相关并发症发生.
血糖水平控制正常妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的围产结局分析

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是妊娠期常见的合并症之一。根据GDM的诊断标准,我国孕妇2010年至2012年GDM的发生率为18.9%。经过血糖管理,血糖水平控制良好的GDM孕妇,其不良围产结局仍比正常糖耐量(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)孕妇的发生率高。造成此差异的原因有孕前超重、妊娠期体质量增加过多及其他危险因素,血糖水平本身是否会对不良围产结局产生独立作用及其作用强度尚未明确。临床实践中,血糖水平正常的孕妇无需接受血糖治疗,其血糖水平与不良围产结局呈连续的线性正相关;由于“高血糖水平与不良妊娠结局(hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome,HAPO)研究”已证明,妊娠期血糖水平与不良妊娠结局的关系呈连续的线性正相关,且无风险阈值。因此,GDM孕妇在接受治疗前,其血糖水平与不良围产结局之间应延续呈线性相关。本研究选择NGT孕妇为对照,评估目前传统的血糖管理策略对GDM孕妇血糖水平及不良围产结局的干预效果。
Responses of early-successional songbirds to a two-stage shelterwood harvest for oak forest regeneration

Background: The early stage of forest succession following disturbance is characterized by a shift in songbird composition as well as increased avian richness due to increased herbaceous growth in the forest understory. However, regeneration of woody species eventually outcompetes the herbaceous understory, subsequently shifting vegetation communities and decreasing availability of vital foraging and nesting cover for disturbance-dependent birds, ultimately resulting in their displacement. These early stages following forest disturbance, which are declining throughout the eastern United States, are ephemeral in nature and birds depend on such disturbances for nesting and other purposes throughout their lives. Methods: We investigated the use of a two-stage shelterwood method to manage long-term persistence of seven early successional songbirds over a 13-year period in an upland hardwood forest within the southern end of the mid-Cumberland Plateau in the eastern United States. Results: Canopy and midstory gaps created after initial harvest were quickly exploited by tree growth and canopy cover returned to these areas, accelerating the displacement of early-successional species. Woody stem densities increased substantially following stage two harvest as advanced tree regeneration combined with the re-opening of the overstory layer increased resource competition for early-successional plants in the understory. Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and Yellowbreasted Chat (Icteria virens) were characterized by immediate increases following initial harvest in 2001; while the American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), and White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) did not show an immediate response. Stage two harvest in 2011 rejuvenated vegetation which benefitted focal species, with six of seven species showing increases in densities between 2010 and 2012. Conclusion: The two-stage shelterwood method created conditions advantageous to early-successional birds by helping to re-establish understory vegetation through periodic disturbance to the canopy layer. This method provides evidence that early-successional species can be managed long-term (>15 years) while using relatively small spatial disturbance through the two-stage shelterwood method.
Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Pied Kingfishers (Ceryle rudis) in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal Ghana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers (Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east Ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar Site. Methods: On each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m ×100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers (34.7 ± 13.1%) and Common Terns (35.3 ± 11.0%) were similar but the two species responded differently to water clarity. The abundance of Common Terns was significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging birds. Conclusion: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal Ghana are however required to make firm conclusions on the relationship between water clarity and foraging birds and fish prey abundances, as well as capture success.
On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks cover w73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately 91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ~204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat productionwith increasing Al_2O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks, aluminous shales are the highest heat producing (2.9 μW m~(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing (1.7 μW m~(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.
Detrital-zircon geochronology of the Jurassic coal-bearing strata in the western Ordos Basin, North China: Evidences for multi-cycle sedimentation

The western Ordos Basin (WOB), situated in a tectonic transition zone in the North China Craton, acts as an excellent example for studying the Mesozoic intraplate sedimentation and deformation in Asia. In this study, U-Pb ages for 1203 detrital zircons of 14 sandstone samples collected from 11 sections are presented to unravel the sediment source locations and paleogeographic environments of the EarlyeMiddle Jurassic coal-bearing Yan'an Formation in the WOB. Data show that there are five prominent age groups in the detrital zircons of the Yan'an Formation, peaking at ca. 282 Ma, 426 Ma, 924 Ma, 1847 Ma, and 2468 Ma. Samples from the northern, middle, and southern parts of the WOB contain these five age categories in various proportions. In the northern region, the Yan'an Formation exclusively contains Early Permian detrital zircons with a single age group peaking at 282 Ma, matching well with the crystallizing ages of the widespread Early Permian granites in the Yinshan Belt to the north and the Alxa Block to the northwest. While in the southern region, the Yan'an Formation mainly contains three groups of detrital zircons, with age peaks at 213 Ma, 426 Ma, and 924 Ma. These zircon ages resemble those of the igneous rocks in the Qilian-Qinling Orogenic Belt to the south-southwest. Samples in the middle region, characterized by a mixture age spectrum with peaks at 282 Ma, 426 Ma, 924 Ma, 1847 Ma and 2468 Ma, are previously thought to have mixed derivations from surrounding ranges. However, by referring to the detrital-zircon age compositions of the pre-Jurassic sedimentary successions and combining with paleontological and petrographic analysis, we firstly propose that the sediments of the Yan'an Formation in the middle region were partly recycled from the Triassic and Paleozoic sedimentary strata in theWOB. The occurrence of recycled sedimentation suggests that the Late TriassiceEarly Jurassic intraplate compressional deformation was very intense in the WOB, especially for regions in front of the Qilian Orogenic Belt.