mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
HY-1C Coastal Zone Imager observations of the suspended sediment content distribution details in the sea area near Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China

The impacts of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HKZMB) on suspended sediment content (SSC) were analysed in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on data from HY-1C, which was launched in September 2018 in China, carrying Coastal Zone Imager (CZI) and Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner on it. A new SSC inversion model was established based on the relationship between in-situ SSC and the remote sensing reflectance in red and near-infrared bands of CZI image. HY-1C satellite data obtained from October to December 2019 were applied to retrieve SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary. The results show that SSC around the HKZMB is ranging from 20 mg/L to 95 mg/L. SSC change obviously on two sides of the bridge. During flooding and ebbing period, SSC increases obviously downstream of the bridge. SSC difference between upstream and downstream is ranging from 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Currents flowing across the HKZMB, the change trend of SSC in most places upstream and downstream is almost the same that SSC downstream of the bridge is higher than SSC upstream. The tidal currents interact with bridge piers, inducing vortexes downstream, leading the sediment to re-suspend downstream of the bridge piers. Other factors, including seafloor topography and wind, can also contribute to the distribution of SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary.
痤疮丙酸杆菌系统发育型及其在痤疮发病中作用研究进展

痤疮丙酸杆菌(C. acnes)为痤疮最重要致病菌,近年来随着对痤疮与C. acnes之间的研究深入,发现痤疮的发生与C. acnes的系统发育型密切相关。该文从C. acnes系统发育型不同分型与痤疮关系,C. acnes分型与其分泌的蛋白和胞外酶、 Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen(CAMP)因子、卟啉及生物被膜等致病因素关系,以及促进炎症等方面进行总结归纳,更深刻和系统性地了解C. acnes,进一步了解C. acnes在痤疮发生发展中的重要作用,为有针对性地治疗痤疮,及相关药品及化妆品的开发提供更好的研究思路。
生物制剂在治疗甲银屑病中的进展

银屑病是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,常累及指(趾)甲。银屑病甲损害不仅影响美观,还会引起疼痛和(或)功能障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量,且是银屑病关节损害的独立预测因素。甲的结构及甲床的低渗透性使甲银屑病的治疗充满挑战。常规治疗包括局部外用药物、皮损内注射及系统药物治疗等,治疗周期较长,患者用药依从性差。近年来,随着生物制剂的问世,极大地提高了银屑病患者的临床疗效,同时也对银屑病甲损害有所改善,但在国内整体使用率不高,尚缺乏针对甲银屑病的疗效及安全性的循证医学证据。该文就国内外生物制剂在甲银屑病中的应用做一阐述,以期为临床医生提供帮助。
SARS-CoV-2 N protein potentiates host NPMl-snoRNA translation machinery to enhance viral replication

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is causing an unprecedented public health crisis. Protein translation is crucial for virus lifecycle. Nucleocapsid (N) protein is among the most abundant SARS-CoV-2 proteins and highly conserved across coronavirus genus. However, its function in subverting host translation machinery is still elusive.
Reduced Model of Droop-controlled Converters for Transient Simulation Analysis

In recent years, the transient stability problems encountered by power grids have increasingly attracted interest due to the connection of renewable energy resources. One of the effective methods for studying the transient characteristics of a system is transient simulation analysis. To reduce the simulation time, especially in a system with numerous renewable energy resources, model reduction has been widely employed. However, when a general reduced model is adopted to analyze different transient characteristics, a tradeoff between accuracy and simulation speed emerges. In this study, reduced model selection is implemented to resolve this problem. Considering the droop-controlled converter as an example, this approach allows the transient simulation analysis of voltage, frequency, and power angle characteristics. First, a full-order model of the droop-controlled inverter is formulated. Thereafter, the singular perturbation method is applied to derive different reduced-order models. Then, considering accuracy and simulation speed simultaneously, the most suitable reduced models for transient angle, voltage, and frequency simulation analyses are determined through time-domain simulation comparison. Finally, the simulation results based on Matlab/Simulink are used to verify the correctness of the reduced model selection.
FGF21 alleviates microvascular damage following limb ischemia/reperfusion injury by TFEB-mediated autophagy enhancement and anti-oxidative response

Microvascular damage is a pivotal pathological factor in lower limb ischemia/reperfusion (l/R) injury. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and disrupted autophagic flux have been recognized as the critical mechanism of cellular death, especially in l/R injury. Recent investigation has displayed that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a protective effect against l/R injury via transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy and regulation of anti-oxidative response. However, the promising role of FGF21 in acute lower limb l/R injury remains elusive.
Characterization of Rsg2.a3: A new greenbug resistance allele at the Rsg2 locus from wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum)

Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) is a destructive insect pest that not only damages plants, but also serves as a vector for many viruses. Host plant resistance is the preferred strategy for managing greenbug. Two greenbug resistance genes, Rsg1 and Rsg2, have been reported in barley. To breed cultivars with effective resistance against various greenbug biotypes, additional resistance genes are urgently needed to sustain barley production. Wild barley accession WBDC053 (PI 681777) was previously found to be resistant to several greenbug biotypes. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Weskan × WBDC053 was evaluated for response to two greenbug biotypes (E and TX1) and genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). A set of 3347 high quality GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then used to map the greenbug resistance gene in this wild barley accession. Linkage analysis placed the greenbug resistance gene in a 2.35 Mb interval (0- 2,354,645 bp) in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 2H. This interval harbors 15 genes with leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) protein domains. An allelism test indicated that the greenbug resistance gene in WBDC053, designated Rsg2.a3, is likely allelic or closely linked to Rsg2. GBS-SNPs 2H_1318811 and 2H_1839499 co-segregating with Rsg2.a3 in the RIL population were converted to Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers KASP-Rsg2.a3-1 and KASP-Rsg2.a3-2, respectively. The two KASP markers can be used to select Rsg2.a3 and have the potential to tag Rsg2 in barley improvement programs.
Profiling seed soluble sugar compositions in 1164 Chinese soybean accessions from major growing ecoregions

Soluble sugar is a key quality trait of soybean seeds. We developed rapid and economic extraction and quantification methods for seed soluble sugars using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system with a refractive index detector. We evaluated the soluble sugar compositions of 1164 soybean accessions collected from diverse ecoregions and grown in multiple locations and years. Total soluble sugar (TSS) content was influenced by accession type, year of cultivation, and ecoregion. The mean contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and TSS were 3.31, 5.21, 55.60, 6.60, 35.47, and 106.19 mg g~(-1), respectively. The highest mean TSS content (108.71 mg g~(-1)) was observed in accessions from Northern Region of China. Cultivars contained higher contents of sucrose, raffinose, and TSS, whereas landraces had a higher content of stachyose. Fourteen accessions with mean TSS contents >130 mg g~(-1) were identified as elite soybean resources. TSS was correlated with sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, protein, oil and total tocopherol. The main soluble sugar components were correlated with latitude and longitude, indicating that the geographical origin of the accessions affected their seed soluble sugar compositions. The developed methods and elite identified accessions can be used in the food and feed industry and in soybean breeding programs aimed at improving soybean seed nutrition.
Effect of Using Land Use Data with Building Characteristics on Urban Weather Simulations: A High Temperature Event in Shanghai

Land use data with building characteristics are important for modeling the impacts of urban morphology on local climate. In this study, an extreme heat event in Shanghai, China, was simulated by using a WRF/BEP + BEM (Weather Research and Forecasting/Building Effect Parameterization + Building Energy Model) model. We incorporated local climate zone (LCZ) land use data that resolved urban morphology using 10 classes of building parameters. The simulation was compared to a control case based on MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land use data. The findings are as follows: (1) the LCZ data performed better than the MODIS data for simulating 10-m wind speed. An increase in building height led to the wind speed to decrease by 0.6-1.4 m s~(-1) in the daytime and by 0.2-0.7 m s~(-1) at nighttime. (2) High-rise buildings warmed the air by trapping radiation in the urban canyon. This warming effect was partially offset by the cooling effect of building shadows in the day. As a result, the 2-m temperature increased by 0.8°C at night but only by 0.4°C during the day. (3) Heterogeneous urban surfaces increased the 50-m turbulent kinetic energy by 0.4 m~2 s~(-2), decreased the 10-m wind speed by 1.8 m s~(-1) in the daytime, increased the surface net radiation by 45.1 W m-2, and increased the 2-m temperature by 1.5°C at nighttime. (4) The LCZ data modified the atmospheric circulation between land and ocean. The shadowing effect reduced the air temperature differences between land and ocean and weakened the sea breeze. Moreover, high-rise buildings obstructed sea breezes, restricting their impact to a smaller portion (10 km along the wind direction) of inland areas compared to that with MODIS.
Spatiotemporal variations in the growth status of declining wild apple trees in a narrow valley in the western Tianshan Mountains, China

Malus sieversii (wild apple tree), only distributed in the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia, is a tertiary relic species and an ancestral species of cultivated apples. However, existing natural populations of wild apple trees have been declining. To date, spatiotemporal variations in the growth status of declining wild apple trees and influencing factors in the narrow valley areas in the Tianshan Mountains remain unclear. In this study, field investigation and sampling were carried out in three years (2016-2018) at four elevations (1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600 m) in the Qiaolakesai Valley (a typical longitudinal narrow valley in the Yili River Valley) of the western Tianshan Mountains in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Projective coverage, dead branch percentage, and 18 twig traits (these 20 parameters were collectively referred to as plant traits) were determined to comprehensively reflect the growth status of declining wild apple trees. The values of dead branch percentage ranged from 36% to 59%, with a mean of 40%. Year generally showed higher impact on plant traits than elevation. In 2017 and 2018, projective coverage, leaf size, leaf nitrogen concentration, and nitrogen to phosphorous ratio were markedly higher than those in 2016. However, dead branch percentage and leaf and stem phosphorous concentrations showed the opposite trend. Most of the topological parameters of plant trait networks differed in the three years, but the strength of trait-trait association increased year by year. The mean difference between day and night temperatures (MDT), annual accumulative precipitation, soil electrical conductivity, and soil pH had the greatest impact on the plant trait matrix. The growth status of declining wild apple trees was directly and positively affected by MDT and leaf size. In conclusion, the growth of declining wild apple trees distributed in the narrow valley areas was more sensitive to interannual environmental changes than elevation changes. The results are of great significance for further revealing the decline mechanism of wild apple trees in the Tianshan Mountains.
Dietary resistant starch ameliorating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in meat ducks associated with the alteration in gut microbiome and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling

Background: Consumption of resistant starch (RS) has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits, but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is limited. Here, we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12% raw potato starch (RPS) modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in meat ducks. Results: LPS administration at 14, 16, and 18 d (chronic challenge) decreased body weight (BW) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation, evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine levels. Dietary 12% RPS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLP-1R expression, along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and serum. Microbiome analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, etc. Dietary RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LPS challenge. Furthermore, response to acute challenge, the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LPS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines, as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in ileum when compared to control birds. Analogous to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide, dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines, whereas it upregulated the GLP-1 synthesis related genes expression. Meanwhile, dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LPS challenge-induced TLR4 transcription. Conclusions: These data suggest that dietary 12% RPS supplementation could attenuate the LPS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks, which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota, SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLP-1/GLP-1R.
Universal 4-qualifiable fluorene-based building blocks for potential optoelectronic applications

In the design of conjugated molecules,modular production enables materials to easily realize structure modification and precisely tune their photoelectrical property.Construction of a novel and universal building block is crucial to design and manufacture high performance and stable conjugated molecules for optoelectronic application.Herein,we originally demonstrated a universal 4-qualifiable fluorene-based building block,which is a fundamental molecular segment to functionalize and obtain novel conjugated materials.Compared to the traditional modification at 9-site,additional 4-position functionalization provided an exciting blueprint to not only tune electronic structure and excited state via p-n molecular design engineering and space charge-transfer strategy,but also allow for optimizing intermolecular arrangement and obtaining solution-processing ability.The introduction of the 4-site substituent in fluorene based semiconductors may endow materials with unique properties.Finally,we successfully prepared two stable deep-blue light-emitting conjugated polymer,PODOPF and PODOF,by utilizing the 4- substituent fluorene based building block.It is believable that the performance,stability and processibility of reported outstanding fluorene-based conjugated molecules can be further optimized based on this universal building block.
Silicon-carbide fiber-reinforced polymer electrolyte for all-solidstate lithium-metal batteries

Silicon carbide (SiC) with various morphologies was employed as reinforcing fillers for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Specifically, the SiC nanoparticles with an average size of 5-10 lm endow a significant enhancement of the interaction between carbon atoms for the fillers and the oxygen atoms from the PEO-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) matrix, which provides rapid transport channels for mobile Li~+ and enhances the mechanical strength of SPEs. The SPEs reinforced with one-dimensional SiC nanoparticles exhibit superior Li~+ conduction, good mechanical property, and uniform Li plating. Thus, a dendrite-free plating of lithium for 0.58 mAh at 0.1 mA·cm~(-2) and excellent cycle stability at various current densities for 250 h are achieved in Li/Li symmetric cells using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles. Moreover, the LiFePO_4/Li full cells assembled using SPEs electrolytes with 5.0 wt% SiC nanoparticles provide a capacity of 151.5 mAh·g~(-1) at 0.1 mA·cm~(-2) (55 ℃), and maintained a Coulombic efficiency of 99% for 120 cycles.
Domain wall dynamics driven by a circularly polarized magnetic field in ferrimagnet: effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

In this work, we study the domain wall motion in ferrimagnet driven by a circularly polarized magnetic field using the collective coordinate theory and atomistic micromagnetic simulations, and we pay particular attention to the effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Similar to the case of antiferromagnetic domain wall, ferrimagnetic wall moves at a speed which is linearly dependent on the DMI magnitude. In addition, it is revealed that the DMI plays a role in modulating the domain wall dynamics similar to that of the net spin density, which suggests another internal parameter for controlling domain wall in ferrimagnets. Moreover, the results show that the domain wall dynamics in ferrimagnets is much faster than that in ferromagnets, which confirms again the great potential of ferrimagnets in future spintronic applications.
应用宏基因组二代测序诊断格氏乳球菌引起的重症社区获得性肺炎一例

综上所述,格氏乳球菌该病原菌除引起严重肺部感染,还出现多器官功能障碍,尤其合并严重心力衰竭,病情进展迅速。本文报道1例格氏乳球菌引起的重症肺炎,旨在提高临床医生对本疾病临床特征的认识,尽量做到早期诊断和有效治疗疾病,以改善疾病预后。
利用GPS和InSAR数据研究地震地壳形变及构造特征

确定断层滑动的大小和分布是地震研究的重要组成部分。同震滑动有助于阐明活动断层的几何形状、强度和摩擦特性,可以用来估计断层带附近应力释放、保持或增加的区域,这些可以作为判断断层和断层附近区域接近破裂或远离破裂的指向标。论文基于InSAR和GPS数据,采用建模、反演等方法对一些典型地震事件的发震参数、断层特征和震后形变机制进行研究。研究内容主要包括。
浅海背景下大型重力流沉积体能堆积与发育吗?

莺歌海盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘的西北区域,地理位置优异.莺歌海盆地东方区发育中新统黄流组东方13大型沉积扇体,该扇体沉积期的古水深较浅,主要为浅海相.
如何定量评价大灭绝时期生态系统的坍塌与重建过程?

生物大灭绝是指在相对短的时间内生物集群灭亡的一种生态大危机事件,地球生命自显生宙以来遭受了至少5次大灭绝的洗礼(Sepkoski,1981).近代自工业革命以来,人类活动对环境的影响极大,加速了地球生物的灭绝速率,许多证据表明当今地球上的生物正处于一次新的大灭绝之中,即第6次大灭绝事件(Barnosky et al.,2011;Li et al., 2021).因此,解剖地质历史时期的大灭绝事件,来评估当今地球生态系统危机就成为了当务之急.随着地学与计算机技术的深度融合,地球生物学已大步迈入大数据时代,研究方法也变得更加丰富,经历了第一阶段“古生物多样性数据库”和第二阶段“古生态学数据库”两次大发展之后,正快速迈进第三阶段“生态系统大数据计算模拟”的研究和应用上.至此,无论是通过重建生物多样性演化趋势,还是通过古生态学数据反演生态特征演变过程都可以作为定量评价大灭绝时期生态系统坍塌与重建的手段,也取得了令人振奋的成就(Erwin,2006;Fan et al.,2020).不过,这些方法往往反映了生物多样性或者个体生态在大灾难前后的变化,而不同门类生物在生态系统食物链中扮演不同的角色,因而在生态大危机中的表现往往差异很大(Chen and Benton,2012;Feng et al.,2022).因此,我们需要定量评价整个生态系统,而不是生物个体生态,在大灭绝时期的崩塌与复苏模式和过程(图1).最近研究表明,一些以生物功能群和食物链网络为基础的生态系统数值模型是来定量评价生态系统稳定性的最佳工具,并且成功地应用到生态大危机事件的研究之中(Roopnarine and Angielczyk,2015;Huang et al.,2021),以一个更为宏观的研究视角,全面推动地球生物学在大数据时代的新发展.
造山型金矿是如何形成的?

黄金是国际储备和投资的硬通货,同时也是现代电子通讯、航空航天等高科技产业的重要原材料.金矿床可在不同地质历史时期经由各种地质作用在不同类型的岩石中产出,形成丰富多样的金矿类型.综合构造背景和成因,金矿床可划分为造山型、斑岩型、浅成低温热液型、卡林型、铁氧化物型以及富金的块状硫化物型等(Kerrich et al.,2000).造山型金矿床主要指在变质地体中受构造控制的脉状后生金矿床,在时间和空间上与板块俯冲增生或碰撞造山作用有关(Groves et al.,1998;Goldfarb et al.,2005).该类型金矿床在全球广泛分布,具有规模大、品位高和矿石易采选的特点,资源量占到全球金资源量的三成以上,是全球金勘查的重要类型(Weatherley and Henley,2013).造山型金矿床的形成可以与造山带的演化及超大陆聚合紧密联系在一起,是现代矿床学研究的热点之一.自2009年起,我国已成为全球最大的金生产国(Goldfarb et al.,2019),大力加强对我国造山型金矿床的成矿理论研究,指导进一步找矿勘查,显得尤为重要.由于赋矿围岩类型和控矿构造样式复杂多样、地球化学数据特别是同位素数据的多解性、金与热液流体来源的不确定性、流体运移路径的复杂性以及矿体就位位置与成矿物质源区的巨大空间差异,造山型金矿床形成过程中“源、运、储”三大关键问题均未被很好解决:造山型金矿形成经历了怎样的地质过程?怎样的构造背景和地质环境有利于形成造山型金矿床?金又是如何迁移、富集并沉淀成矿的?均是目前矿床学研究的前沿领域和难点问题.
月球火山活动究竟能持续多久?

月球火山活动历史是月球科学基本问题之一,是理解月球内部物质组成和热演化历史的关键(Head and Wilson,2017).2020年12月17日,我国嫦娥五号任务从月球风暴洋克里普地体北部的吕姆克山附近(51.92° W,43.06° N)(Wang et al., 2021)采集了1 731 g月壤样品,并成功返回地球,实现了我国首次地外天体采样(Yang and Lin,2021).对嫦娥五号月壤样品中玄武岩岩屑的系统定年结果显示,着陆区的火山活动至少可以持续至20亿年前(Che et al.,2021;Li et al.,2021),该结果将阿波罗样品和月球陨石限定的月球火山活动结束时间推迟了8亿年(Merle et al.,2020).然而,这一定年结果也给月球科学研究提出了新的问题.月球的质量仅为地球的1.2%,由于比表面积大,理论上应该快速冷却.热演化模拟计算也表明,月球火山活动应当结束于25亿年前(Spohn et al.,2001),且撞击坑定年显示月球背面的火山活动确实结束于25亿年前(Haruyama et al.,2009).但是,嫦娥五号玄武岩定年结果确证了月球风暴洋克里普地体的火山活动可以持续到20亿年前,那么,为何月球火山活动能够持续如此之久呢?更进一步,月球火山活动的最终结束时间是多晚?
腹腔镜手术治疗胃间质瘤的进展及争议

胃肠道间质瘤是一类常见的消化道非上皮源性肿瘤,具有潜在恶性倾向,较少出现淋巴结转移。对于来源于胃的胃肠道间质瘤,目前手术切除是治疗的主要方法。腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、患者恢复快等特点。随着技术的不断发展,腹腔镜治疗胃间质瘤具有越来越重要的地位。本文主要就胃间质瘤腹腔镜手术治疗的进展及争议作一综述。
Redox Charge Transfer Kinetics and Reversibility of VO_2 in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes of Na-Ion Storage

The deep understanding about the electrochemical behavior of the nanostructured electrode in electrolytes provides crucial insights for the rational design of electrode for sodium (Na)-ion storage system (NIS).Here,we report redox charge transfer kinetics and reversibility of VO_2(B) nanorod electrodes in both aqueous and organic electrolytes for NIS.The assynthesized VO_2(B) nanorods show the reversible redox reaction with the higher specific and rate capacitances at high current density in aqueous electrolytes than in organic electrolytes.Temperature-dependent impedance measurements demonstrate the more facile interfacial charge transfer of Na ions into VO_2(B) nanorods in aqueous electrolytes.The reversible evolution in oxidation state and chemical composition of VO_2(B) nanorods is observed in aqueous electrolytes,as confirmed by ex situ XRD and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses.Given by the facile and reversible pseudocapacitive feature,the electrochemical performances of VO_2(B) nanorods are further improved by constructing the hierarchical structure of the reduced graphene oxide-VO_2 composite for aqueous Na~+ ion storage.
AC Line Filter Electrochemical Capacitors:Materials,Morphology,and Configuration

Recently,more and more supercapacitors (SCs) have been developed as AC line filter capacitors,which are generally named AC line filter electrochemical capacitors (FECs).Compared to traditional bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs),FECs have higher capacity and lower space occupancy,which makes them a strong competitor.However,different from the common SCs for energy storage,it is necessary to consider the frequency response of the SCs for AC line filtering,where the contradiction between frequency response and specific capacitance is a challenge.The researchers have proposed different solutions from the perspective of materials,morphology,and configuration for this challenge.Based on the above background,in this review,we briefly introduce the principle and parameters of AC line filter electrochemical capacitors.We systematically summarize the state-of-the-art progresses of FECs and discuss their possible application and development in the future.The development of FECs can greatly promote the planarization,integration,and miniaturization of filter capacitors,and provide a new solution for the utilization of green and unstable energy.
Biosynthesis of rumbrins and inspiration for discovery of HIV inhibitors

Investigation on how nature produces natural compounds with chemical and biological diversity at the genetic level offers inspiration for the discovery of new natural products and even their biological targets. The polyketide rumbrin (1) is a lipid peroxide production and calcium accumulation inhibitor, which contains a chlorinated pyrrole moiety that is a rare chemical feature in fungal natural products. Here, we identify the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) rum of 1 and its isomer 12E-rumbrin (2) from Auxarthron umbrinum DSM3193, and elucidate their biosynthetic pathway based on heterologous expression, chemical complementation, and isotopic labeling. We show that rumbrins are assembled by a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HRPKS) that uniquely incorporates a proline-derived pyrrolyl-CoA starer unit, and followed by methylation and chlorination. Sequent precursor-directed biosynthesis was able to yield a group of rumbrin analogues. Remarkably, inspired by the presence of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Nef-associated gene in the rum cluster, we predicted and pharmacologically demonstrated rumbrins as potent inhibitors of HIV at the nanomolar level. This work enriches the recognition of unconventional starter units of fungal PKSs and provides a new strategy for genome miningguided drug discovery.