mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Hydrocarbon generation from lacustrine shales with retained oil during thermal maturation

Thermal maturation in the shale oil/gas system is inherently complex due to the competitive interplays between hydrocarbon generation and retention processes.To study hydrocarbon generation characteristics from shales within different stages of thermal maturation under the influence of retained oil,we performed Micro-Scale Sealed Vessels (MSSV) pyrolysis on a set of artificially matured lacustrine shale samples from the Shahejie Formation in the Dongpu Depression in Bohai Bay Basin,China.Experimental results show that hydrocarbon yields of shale samples with or without retained oil at various thermal maturities follow different evolution paths.Heavy components (C_(15+)) in samples crack at high temperatures and generally follow a sequence,where they first transform into C_(6–14) then to C_(2–5) and C_1.Methane accounts for most of the gaseous products at high temperatures in all samples,with different origins.The cracking of C_(2–5) is the main methane-generating process in samples with retained oil,whereas the source of methane in samples without retained oil is kerogen.In the studied shales,retained oils at early-mature stage retard the transformation of liquid to gaseous hydrocarbon and prompt the cracking of C_(2–5) to C_1 to some extent.TSR reaction related to gypsum in the studied samples is the primary reason that can explain the loss of hydrocarbon yields,especially at high temperatures.In addition,transformation of volatile hydrocarbons to gas and coke also accounts for the loss of generated hydrocarbon,as a secondary factor.
Porosity model and pore evolution of transitional shales:an example from the Southern North China Basin

The evolution of shale reservoirs is mainly related to two functions:mechanical compaction controlled by ground stress and chemical compaction controlled by thermal effect.Thermal simulation experiments were conducted to simulate the chemical compaction of marine-continental transitional shale,and X-ray diffraction (XRD),CO_2 adsorption,N_2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection (MIP) were then used to characterize shale diagenesis and porosity.Moreover,simulations of mechanical compaction adhering to mathematical models were performed,and a shale compaction model was proposed considering clay content and kaolinite proportions.The advantage of this model is that the change in shale compressibility,which is caused by the transformation of clay minerals during thermal evolution,may be considered.The combination of the thermal simulation and compaction model may depict the interactions between chemical and mechanical compaction.Such interactions may then express the pore evolution of shale in actual conditions of formation.Accordingly,the obtained results demonstrated that shales having low kaolinite possess higher porosity at the same burial depth and clay mineral content,proving that other clay minerals such as illite–smectite mixed layers (I/S) and illite are conducive to the development of pores.Shales possessing a high clay mineral content have a higher porosity in shallow layers (<3500 m) and a lower porosity in deep layers (>3500 m).Both the amount and location of the increase in porosity differ at different geothermal gradients.High geothermal gradients favor the preservation of high porosity in shale at an appropriate R_o.The pore evolution of the marine-continental transitional shale is divided into five stages.Stage 2 possesses an R_o of 1.0%–1.6% and has high porosity along with a high specific surface area.Stage 3 has an R_o of 1.6%–2.0% and contains a higher porosity with a low specific surface area.Finally,Stage 4 has an R_o of 2.0%–2.9% with a low porosity and high specific surface area.
Aerobic oxidative desulfurization via magnetic mesoporous silica-supported tungsten oxide catalysts

It is usually difficult to remove dibenzothiophenes from diesel fuels by oxidation with molecular oxygen as an oxidant.In the study, tungsten oxide was supported on magnetic mesoporous silica by calcination to form a magnetically separable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel.By tuning different calcining temperatures, the catalyst calcined at 500 °C showed a high catalytic activity with molecular oxygen as the oxidant.Under optimal reaction conditions, the sulfur removal of DBT reached 99.9% at 120 °C after 8 h.Furthermore, the removals of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene could also get up to 98.2% and 92.3% under the same conditions.The reaction mechanism was explored by selective quenching experiments and FT-IR spectra.
Separation of diffracted waves via SVD filter

Diffracted seismic waves may be used to help identify and track geologically heterogeneous bodies or zones.However, the energy of diffracted waves is weaker than that of reflections.Therefore, the extraction of diffracted waves is the basis for the effective utilization of diffracted waves.Based on the difference in travel times between diffracted and reflected waves, we developed a method for separating the diffracted waves via singular value decomposition filters and presented an effective processing flowchart for diffracted wave separation and imaging.The research results show that the horizontally coherent difference between the reflected and diffracted waves can be further improved using normal move-out(NMO)correction.Then, a band-rank or high-rank approximation is used to suppress the reflected waves with better transverse coherence.Following, separation of reflected and diffracted waves is achieved after the filtered data are transformed into the original data domain by inverse NMO.Synthetic and field examples show that our proposed method has the advantages of fewer constraints, fast processing speed and complete extraction of diffracted waves.And the diffracted wave imaging results can effectively improve the identification accuracy of geological heterogeneous bodies or zones.
Wettability alteration analysis of smart water/novel functionalized nanocomposites for enhanced oil recovery

Smart water flooding, as a popular method to change the wettability of carbonate rocks, is one of the interesting and challenging issues in reservoir engineering.In addition, the recent studies show that nanoparticles have a great potential for application in EOR processes.However, little research has been conducted on the use of smart water with nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery.In this study, stability, contact angle and IFT measurements and multi-step core flooding tests were designed to investigate the effect of the ionic composition of smart water containing SO_4~(2-)and Ca~(2+) ions in the presence of nanofluid on EOR processes.The amine/organosiloxane@Al_2O_3 /SiO_2(AOAS)nanocomposite previously synthesized using co-precipitation-hydrothermal method has been used here.However, for the first time the application of this nanocomposite along with smart water has been studied in this research.Results show that by increasing the concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions in smart water, oil recovery is improved by 9% and 10%, respectively, compared to seawater.In addition, the use of smart water and nanofluids simultaneously is very effective on increasing oil recovery.Finally, the best performance was observed in smart water containing two times of sulfate ions concentration(SW2S)with nanofluids, showing increased efficiency of about 7.5%.
An alternative approach to match field production data from unconventional gas-bearing systems

Nowadays, the unconventional gas-bearing system plays an increasingly important role in energy market.The performances of the current history-matching techniques are not satisfied when applied to such systems.To overcome this shortfall, an alternative approach was developed and applied to investigate production data from an unconventional gas-bearing system.In this approach, the fluid flow curve obtained from the field is the superposition of a series of Gaussian functions.An automatic computing program was developed in the MATLAB, and both gas and water field data collected from a vertical well in the Linxing Block, Ordos Basin, were used to present the data processing technique.In the reservoir study, the automatic computing program was applied to match the production data from a single coal seam, multiple coal seams and multiple vertically stacked reservoirs with favourable fitting results.Compared with previous approaches, the proposed approach yields better results for both gas and water production data and can calculate the contributions from different reservoirs.The start time of the extraction for each gas-containing unit can also be determined.The new approach can be applied to the field data prediction and designation for the well locations and patterns at the reservoir scale.
Metrnl deficiency decreases blood HDL cholesterol and increases blood triglyceride

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Several adipokines play important roles in modulation of blood lipids. Metrnl is a recently identified adipokine, and adipose Metrnl participates in regulation of blood triglyceride (TG). In this study, we generated Metrnl global, intestine-specific and liver-specific knockout mice, and explored the effects of Metrnl on serum lipid parameters. Global knockout of Metrnl had no effects on serum lipid parameters under normal chow diet, but increased blood TG by 14%, and decreased total cholesterol (TC) by 16% and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by 24% under high fat diet. Nevertheless, intestine-specific knockout of Metrnl did not alter the serum lipids parameters under normal chow diet or high fat diet. Notably, liver-specific knockout of Metrnl decreased HDL-C by 24%, TC by 20% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 16% without alterations of blood TG and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) under high fat diet. But deficiency of Metrnl in liver did not change VLDL secretion and expression of lipid synthetic and metabolic genes. We conclude that tissue-specific Metrnl controls different components of blood lipids. In addition to modulation of blood TG by adipose Metrnl, blood HDL-C is regulated by liver Metrnl.
基于VSC-HVDC光伏电站低压穿越策略

针对光伏电站在并网点处电压跌落导致自动脱网运行,给电网潮流带来一定的冲击,影响电网电能质量,提出外加耗能电路控制策略,并在电网侧附加静止同步补偿器(STATCOM),向并网点提供一定量的无功支持,实现光伏电站的低压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)。设计了光伏电站经柔性直流输电(Voltage Source Converter based High Voltage Direct Current Transmission,VSC-HVDC)并网两端拓扑结构,利用Matlab/Simulink软件对未附加卸负荷装置、附加卸负荷装置和附加无功补偿器在电压跌落情况下分别进行了模拟仿真分析,验证了策略的可行性和有效性,系统并网稳定性得到提高。
PROFIBUS冗余网络在汽车变速器装配线中的应用

基于PROFIBUS技术实现汽车变速器装配线中双线冗余的集控要求,并实现了汽车厂对设备管理的FDT要求。系统中,使用PROFIBUS主站网关连接冗余控制器,具有快速、可靠、一致性强的特点。在对所有集控设备实现PROFIBUS采集控制的同时,可以通过PROFIBUS V1技术实现设备FDT管理,满足现代工业早判断、预维护的先进管理理念。另外,根据现场工艺的需求也有部分非冗余设备,可以使用冗余-非冗余YLINK模块实现整个PROFIBUS网络的贯通。
超声诊断Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病伴血管球瘤1例

讨论:Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病(NF1)为周围神经系统的常染色体显性遗传病,临床表现多样,可累及多个器官和系统,其特征性表现包括牛奶咖啡斑、腋窝和腹股沟区的雀斑样褐色斑、多发弥散分布的皮下神经纤维瘤、虹膜的Lisch结节等。血管球瘤起源于血管平滑肌细胞的间叶组织,多为良性,20~40岁女性多见,好发于四肢,其中手部占75%,常见于甲下,也可位于甲外如指腹、手指近节掌侧等。血管球瘤具有典型的临床表现,即疼痛三联征:间歇性剧痛、难以忍受的触痛及疼痛有冷敏感性。本例患者右中指近甲床根部软组织内的实质性低回声,在神经纤维瘤病的大背景下,极易误诊为神经纤维瘤,二者超声检查均可表现为软组织内低回声结节,难以区分。近年研究表明,血管球瘤与NF1患者的流行病学有关,Harrison等通过对21例血管球瘤患者进行回顾性分析,发现NF1患病率达29%;Brems等证明了血管球瘤作为NF1肿瘤谱的一部分存在,认为NF1会增加血管球瘤的发病率。因此,超声医师在诊断时要意识到两者的关联。
产前超声诊断胎儿丑角样鱼鳞病1例

讨论:丑角样鱼鳞病是鱼鳞病中最严重的一种类型,为极罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,全球发生率占活产儿的三十万分之一。妊娠早期通过绒毛膜穿刺或羊水穿刺进行相关基因检测可以早期诊断本病。本病预后差,多胎死腹中,或出生后早期即出现喂养困难、呼吸受限或其他器官发育不良等而死亡。患儿因皮肤角质层功能障碍而导致一系列结构和功能上的改变。本病超声诊断的重点及特征性表现为胎儿颜面部的改变,包括颜面部畸形明显,口唇增厚外翻呈“鱼嘴样”改变,眼睑水肿增厚外翻呈“金鱼眼样”,双耳廓皮肤增厚短小紧贴颅骨,头颅及额部皮肤明显增厚。辅助诊断依据包括胎儿躯体如双手、足等出现过度屈曲等持续被动姿势,肢体活动度明显减弱甚至固定,以及与孕周不符的重度羊水浑浊、羊水中漂浮物颗粒粗大呈斑片状。本病超声诊断的难点在于当病变未进展到一定程度,即未出现颜面部的典型表现时,超声无法明确诊断,发现时多为孕26周以后。本病胎儿颜面部的改变需同其他疾病如面横裂、额部脑膜膨出等鉴别诊断。
基于《黄帝内经》“心部于表”探讨鼻鼽病机

鼻鼽是耳鼻喉科常见的疾病之一,以临证为契机,基于《黄帝内经》“心部于表”理论,辨求心不部表而致鼻鼽发病机理。鼻鼽概括为以下4个方面,即气交之变,心神外部而感知,故外界阴阳可与体内阴阳协同相应;心阳部表,助表阳而散邪卫外,共成藩篱;心阳出外,阳得以出,不出则郁,上而刑金;心阳满而嚏,阳随嚏而泄,嚏反复发作,则阳尤为不足,病久且长,迁延不愈。故提出在临床治疗鼻鼽应重视心部表功能的正常发挥,并举桂枝甘草汤治疗鼻鼽一案为例,将此说以笔书之,以期抛转引玉,臻善其理。
How Urban Green Space Attracts the Elderly: A Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between External Environmental Characteristics and the Frequency of Use

A high-grade green space environment will provide necessary environmental support to the outdoor activities of disadvantaged groups including the elderly and is thus helpful for promoting their physical activity level and life quality. This paper takes the urban area of Dalian City as an example and divides the external environmental characteristics of a green space into three aspects including the diversity degree of facilities, the richness level of street functions, and the mixing degree of land use. Based on the data of a survey on activities by elderly in green space, the paper conducts an in-depth study on the statistical correlation between the external environmental characteristics of green space and the frequency of use by the elderly. The study shows that diversified facility types around a green space are conducive to a rise in the frequency of use of this space by the elderly, out of which the effect of functional facilities such as school and food market is the most significant. In addition, being adjacent to streets full of daily life or being mixed with residential land use will increase the frequency of use of the green space by the elderly. This paper puts forward certain environmental upgrading strategies for green space from the perspective of external environmental characteristics in order to help build up green space that is use-friendly to the elderly.
Preliminary evaluation of the radiotherapeutic efficacy of ~(131)I-atorvastatin in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma

As one of the most critical types of cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)affects many people worldwide.This study demonstrated the prospective use of atorvastatin, a drug that inhibits the mevalonate pathway,causing hypolipidemia, as a carrier to deliver the iodine-131(~(131)I)isotope to liver tissues for HCC radiotherapy.The atorvastatin radioiodination method was optimized for utilizing the ~(131)I isotope.The radiochemical quality and the in vitro stability of the generated [~(131)I]atorvastatin were investigated.In addition, the biodistribution experiments of [~(131)I]atorvastatin were evaluated in both normal and HCCinduced rat models.[~(131)I]atorvastatin was produced at a maximum radiochemical yield of 86.7 ± 0.49%.The [~(131)I]atorvastatin solution purified via high-performance liquid chromatography showed good in vitro stability for 12 h after tagging.Biodistribution analyses revealed remarkable liver targeting capacity of [~(131)I]atorvastatin and good localization of ~(131)I in liver tissues.Overall, the encouraging biochemical profile and histopathological findings have been reported, and preliminary investigations on the possible use of [~(131)I]atorvastatin as a radiotracer and its impact on HCC radiotherapy in rats show promise.
ALK阳性非小细胞肺癌患者口服阿来替尼所致心动过缓1例

因此,建议临床医师应定期监测使用阿来替尼治疗患者的心率和血压,对于有症状但不危及生命的窦性心动过缓,应暂停阿来替尼治疗,直至恢复为无症状心动过缓或心率≥60次/min。评估已知引起心动过缓的伴随药物和抗高血压药物,若发现有已知能引起心动过缓的联合用药,应停用或调整剂量。心动过缓症状缓解后,可恢复阿来替尼的原有剂量。
由文眉处反应诊断系统性结节病一例

文身的色素导入所致皮肤异物肉芽肿反应并不少见,但文身所致肉芽肿作为系统性结节病的一个表现,较为罕见。1955年,Obermayer和Hassen报道首例作为系统性结节病表现的文身反应,随后国外文献有较多类似案例报道,此类病例多伴有肺部及肺门淋巴结的影像学改变。本例代表文身的一种相对少见且难以治愈的不良反应,检索万方数据和维普数据库未见报道。随着永久和半永久的文刺化妆技术的日益盛行,可以预见这种不良反应的发生率必然会上升。文身处反应可能是系统性结节病的唯一表现,因此本病例提醒临床医生一旦发现类似文身处反应,有必要进一步检查以排除系统性结节病可能,即使病理科医生报告显示异物肉芽肿,仍应进行相关检查以排除结节病。
复发性半环状丘疹性红斑一例

EPSR与浅表型离心性环状红斑在临床和组织病理上有一些共同点,如好发于中年男性,皮疹多位于躯干和四肢,组织病理上可见角化过度、表皮水肿、血管周围单一核细胞浸润;不同的是,离心性环状红斑边缘为水肿性红斑,不会出现群集性小丘疹,组织病理上也不会出现小汗腺周围的炎症细胞浸润。本病还需与亚急性皮肤型红斑狼疮相鉴别,后者临床上也可表现为环形红斑,但主要为水肿性红斑,部分红斑边缘可附着鳞屑,不会出现群集性小丘疹,组织病理上除了真皮浅层和深层血管及附属器周围均可见淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润外,还可见界面改变和胶原间黏液沉积,狼疮带试验阳性,患者血清免疫指标如ANA、抗Ro抗体等也可为阳性。此外,本病还需与其他一些临床上表现为环形红斑的疾病相鉴别,如慢性游走性红斑、风湿性环状红斑等,结合患者的临床表现、好发年龄、季节、反复发作等特点可协助鉴别诊断。目前本病尚无有效治愈方法,口服抗组胺药、外用糖皮质激素制剂可能有部分疗效。
Microstructure and mechanical properties of short-carbon-fiber/Ti_3SiC_2 composites

Short-carbon-fibers (C_(sf)) reinforced Ti_3SiC_2 matrix composites (C_(sf)/Ti_3SiC_2, the C_(sf) content was 0 vol%, 2 vol%, 5 vol%, and 10 vol%) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using Ti_3SiC_2 powders and C_(sf) as starting materials at 1300 ℃. The effects of C_(sf) addition on the phase compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties (including hardness, flexural strength (σ_f),and K_(IC)) of C_(sf)/Ti_3SiC_2 composites were investigated. The C_(sf), with bi-layered transition layers, i.e., TiC and SiC layers, were homogeneously distributed in the as-prepared C_(sf)/Ti_3SiC_2 composites. With the increase of C_(sf) content, the K_(IC) of C_(sf)/Ti_3SiC_2 composites increased, but the σ_f decreased, and the Vickers hardness decreased initially and then increased steadily when the C_(sf) content was higher than 2 vol%. These changed performances (hardness, σ_f, and K_(IC)) could be attributed to the introduction of C_(sf) and the formation of stronger interfacial phases.
Micro-nano structured functional coatings deposited by liquid plasma spraying

Inspired by the micro-nano structure on the surface of biological materials or living organisms, micro-nano structure has been widely investigated in the field of functional coatings. Due to its large specific surface area, porosity, and dual-scale structure, it has recently attracted special attention. The typical fabrication processes of micro-nano structured coatings include sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, etc. This paper presents the main features of a recent deposition and synthesis technique, liquid plasma spraying (LPS). LPS is an important technical improvement of atmospheric plasma spraying. Compared with atmospheric plasma spraying, LPS is more suitable for preparing functional coatings with micro-nano structure. Micro-nano structured coatings are mainly classified into hierarchical-structure and binary-structure. The present study reviews the preparation technology, structural characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of LPS coatings with a micro-nano structure. The micro-nano structured coatings obtained through tailoring the structure will present excellent performances.
Identification and modelling of applicable wear conditions for stir cast Al-composite

A comprehensive study of the tribological performance of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu/Al_2O_3 composite and its matrix alloy is presented in this paper, with a specific emphasis to identify and model the applicable wear conditions where the composite provides a minimum of 50% reduction in wear rate and 25% lowering of the friction coefficient. Two-body abrasion experiments following Taguchi L27 orthogonal design have been performed separately on alloy and composite materials, both prepared by the stir casting method. The influence of crucial control factors including silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive size, load, sliding distance, and velocity on the percentage variations of wear rates and friction coefficients between alloy and composite have been studied using the analysis of variance technique and full quadratic regression method. The dominant control factors are identified as abrasive size, load, and the interaction between abrasive size and load. This has been verified by establishing the influence of abrasive size and load on variations of wear mechanisms like microcutting, microploughing, and delamination, identified by means of in-depth characterization of worn surfaces and generated debris for both alloy and composite. The selection of applicable tribological condition for the composite has been accomplished by adopting the multi-response optimization technique based on combined desirability approach to obtain concurrent optimization of the percentage variations of wear rates and friction coefficients. Predictive models correlating the superiority of tribological performance of composite with abrasion conditions have been developed, and these are found to be accurate (errors <10%), as determined by confirmatory experiment.
Abrasive wear behavior of PTFE for seal applications under abrasive-atmosphere sliding condition

Abrasive wear is a common failure phenomenon that often limits the service life of sealing elements.Evaluation and comparison of the abrasion resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)were conducted using Al_2O_3 particles with sizes in the range 5 to 200 μm on a pin-on-flat tribo-tester under dry reciprocating sliding conditions at room temperature.Based on the examined worn surface characteristics of both PTFE and 316L stainless steel(as a counterpart)and the analyzed coefficient of friction(COF)evolutions, the wear mechanism and particle size effect have been explored in detail.The results demonstrate that the abrasive size is the main contributing factor, which can drastically impact the wear mechanism and tribological properties of tribo-pairs.The COF exhibits different evolution characteristics(trends)for different abrasive sizes.For moderate particle sizes, the COF trends become more complicated and the most evident wear of the metallic counterpart is evident.The activity behaviors of abrasives are dominated by the particle size.Particles can becomes embedded in one of the tribo-pair materials to plough-cut the counterpart, thus causing two-body abrasive wear.The abrasives can also behave as free rolling bodies, which play the role of third body to realize three-body "PTFEabrasive- 316L" abrasion.When abrasives are involved in the wear process, both the wear rate and COF of the metallic counterpart increase, but the material removal rate of the PTFE is reduced.The results obtained can offer guidelines regarding the design and protection of seals.
Superlubricitive engineering-Future industry nearly getting rid of wear and frictional energy consumption

Superlubricity has been developing very rapidly in recent years as a new and important area in tribology.Many new phenomena and materials, as well as some new mechanisms in both liquid and solid superlubricity have been obtained.In liquid superlubricity, tens of new kinds of liquids with superlubricity have been found(e.g., water-based liquids, oil-based lubricants, and liquids combined with additives of two-dimensional(2D)materials that exhibit very good superlubricity properties under high pressure).In the field of solid superlubricity, more materials with superlubricity have been observed, including graphene-to-graphene surfaces,highly oriented pyrolytic graphite to graphene surfaces, and heterostructure surfaces where a friction coefficient as low as 0.00004 has been obtained.However, superlubricity is still under laboratory research.What is the future of superlubricity? What is the barrier restricting superlubricity from industrial applications? How do we transfer superlubricity from scientific research to industrial application? These questions and application fields of superlubricity in near future have been analyzed, and the concept of "superlubricitive engineering" has been proposed in the present work.