mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A cost-effective alternative for low-resource settings

We would like to congratulate Tian and colleagues on their recent article: Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with tumor diameter larger than 5 cm [1] . They argued that, despite not being included in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines for the diagnosis of liver diseases, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can be of use for diagnosis of large (> 5 cm), mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We would like to highlight the added value that CEUS can present in low-resource settings, where other diagnostic modalities may be neither cost-effective nor readily available.
Covert communication based on transmission antenna selection in the downlink communication link

A downlink covert communication model that consists of a base station and two legitimate users was considered. In addition to the general signals shared by the two users,the base station will send the covert signals only to one user in a certain time without wanting the other to detect this covert communication behavior. In order to achieve covert communication,two information transmission schemes are designed based on transmission antenna selection ( TAS)with the help of artificial noise ( AN)transmitted by the user receiving the covert signals,denoted as TAS-Ⅰ and TAS-Ⅱ respectively. Considering the best detection performance of the user only receiving the general signals, under the two schemes,the detection error probabilities and their average values,the connection probabilities,the system covert throughputs are separately calculated. In addition,on the premise of meeting the system's covert conditions,an optimization scheme is proposed to maximize the covert system throughput. Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed system can realize covert communication successfully,and the system covert performance under TAS-Ⅰ is better than that under TAS-Ⅱ.
Analysis of factors influencing 3-and 6-h compliance with the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines based on medical-quality intensive care unit data from China

We designed this experiment to investigate the Cssc and QICU and determine the relationships between the Cssc and QICU in China. The total number of secondary and tertiary hospitals registered in China National Critical Care Quality Control Center (China-NCCQC) was 7525 in 2018. Hospitals with patients of septic shock admitted in ICUs <20/year and incomplete data were excluded from this study. Finally, 1854 hospitals were involved. The data were collected between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. The quality indicators of ICUs included deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis rate, unplanned extubation rate, reintubation rate within 48 h, rate of unplanned ICU admission, return rate within 48 h. Each indicator is divided into four grades according to the implementation. Each 25% from bad to good is one level, with 0, 1, 2, or 3 points. According to the scores, they are divided into the lowest group, the lower group, the higher group, and the highest group. The endpoints were the 3-and 6-h Cssc. Monitoring indicators included 3-h Cssc (1. Completion of lactate concentration was determined, 2. Completion of appropriate routine microbiologic cultures [including blood] obtained before starting antimicrobial therapy, 3. Completion of empiric broad-spectrum therapy, 4. Completion of resuscitation with 30 mL/kg crystal liquid) and 6-h Cssc (1. Completion of repeated measurement of lactate levels in patients with initial hyperlactatemia, 2. Completion of resuscitation with vasopressor in patients with mean arterial pressure [MAP] -65 mmHg after fluid resuscitation, 3. Completion of central venous pressure [CVP] and central venous oxygen saturation [ScvO_2] measured in patients with lactate ≥4 mmol/L). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The trial protocol was approved by the Central Institutional Review Board at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (NO. SK1297) and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was waived. The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to check whether the data were normally distributed. The results are described as mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons between multiple groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and pairwise comparisons after ANOVA were conducted using the Tukey multiple comparisons test. All of the statistical tests were two-tailed, and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Simulation and photoelectron track reconstruction of soft X-ray polarimeter

The soft X-ray polarimeter (SXP)is a detector with a wide energy range, large area, and large field of view. A SXP will be mounted on the Chinese Space Station and will mainly focus on detecting the polarization of transient soft X-ray (2-10 keV)sources, especially gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this work, a polarimeter detector unit is taken as an example, and Geant4 and Garfield++ software are used to simulate the detection efficiency and track production. An improved track reconstruction algorithm is proposed and used to reconstruct two-dimensional images of the tracks. In this method, the initial emission angle of photoelectrons is reconstructed from the initial part of the track by shortening or extending the initial part of the track until the remaining track is straight, and the number of pixels is within an adjustable threshold. The modulation factor of the photoelectronic tracks after reconstruction reaches approximately 57% in the photon energy range of 7-10 keV.
Rational Design of Biomolecules/Polymer Hybrids by Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) for Biomedical Applications

Hybrids, produced by hybridization of proteins, peptides, DNA, and other new biomolecules with polymers, often have unique functional properties. These properties, such as biocompatibility, stability and specificity, lead to various smart biomaterials. This review mainly introduces biomolecule-polymer hybrid materials by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), emphasizing reverse additionfragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). It includes the methods of RDRP to improve the biocompatibility of biomedical materials and organisms by surface modification. The key to the current synthesis of biomolecule-polymer hybrids is to control polymerization. Besides, this review describes several different kinds of biomolecule-polymer hybrid materials and their applications in the biomedical field. These progresses provide ideas for the investigation of biodegradable and highly bioactive biomedical soft tissue materials. The research hotspots of nanotechnology in biomedical fields are controlled drug release materials and gene therapy carrier materials. Research showed that RDRP method could improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the dosage and side effects of the drug. Specifically, by means of RDRP, the original materials can be modified to develop intelligent polymer materials as membrane materials with selective permeability and surface modification.
Zeolite A enhanced chitosan films with high water absorption ability and antimicrobial activity

Zeolite A/CS xerogel hybrid films were prepared by in-situ crystallization method with uniform structure and good strength. The hybrid films prepared from the precursor films dried at 50 ℃ showed zeolite A was well crystallized. The hybrid films show high water absorption, good elastic strength and Young modulus. The antimicrobial ability of the hybrid films was investigated after Ag+-ion exchanged. The Ag+-exchanged hybrid films with 35% (mass) content of zeolite A showed the highest antimicrobial activity, which could reduce the concentration of the microbial to zero after 7 h.
On Blow-up of Regular Solutions to the Isentropic Euler and Euler-Boltzmann Equations with Vacuum

In this paper, the authors study the Cauchy problem of n-dimensional isentropic Euler equations and Euler-Boltzmann equations with vacuum in the whole space. They show that if the initial velocity satisfies some condition on the integral J in the “isolated mass group” (see (1.13)), then there will be finite time blow-up of regular solutions to the Euler system with J ≤ 0 (n ≥ 1) and to the Euler-Boltzmann system with J < 0 (n ≥ 1) and J = 0 (n ≥ 2), no matter how small and smooth the initial data are. It is worth mentioning that these blow-up results imply the following: The radiation is not strong enough to prevent the formation of singularities caused by the appearance of vacuum, with the only possible exception in the case J = 0 and n = 1 since the radiation behaves differently on this occasion.
Very-large eddy simulation of the rotational effects on turbulent flow in a ribbed channel

For the simplified model of the internal cooling passage in the turbine blade of an aero-engine,the present study applies a newly developed turbulence modeling method,very-large eddy simulation (VLES),for analyzing rotational effects on the characteristics of complex turbulent flow.For comparison,not only are the delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) method (recognized as one of the most popular hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes-large eddy simulation (RANS-LES) methods) and the LES method used with the same numerical setup,but also three RANS turbulence models,including the k-ω shear stress transport (SST),standard k-ε,and Reynolds stress models,are applied to analyze the flow structure in the ribbed channel (whether rotating or stationary).Complex turbulent flows in a square ribbed channel at high Reynolds number of 100 000 in the stationary state and different rotational numbers (Ro) between 0.1 and 0.4 are simulated and analyzed in detail.The comparisons show that when compared with the experimental data the VLES method works best in both the stationary and rotating states.It can capture unsteady flow characteristics such as wall shear layer separation and the vortex structure resulting from the rib disturbance.The DDES method can only capture the larger-scale vortex structures,and its predictions of the time-averaged velocity differ considerably from experiments,especially in the stationary state.With a relatively coarse grid,satisfactory prediction cannot be achieved in either rotating or stationary state by the LES method with wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) and dynamic Smagorinsky models.The three RANS models perform poorly in both the stationary and rotating states.The results demonstrate the advantages of the VLES method in analyzing the unsteady flow characteristics in the ribbed channel at high Reynolds numbers for both stationary and rotating conditions.On that basis,the study uses the VLES method to analyze the flow evolution under different rotational numbers,and the rotational effects on the fluid mechanisms are analyzed.
Modeling the dynamics of a spruce forest and dwarf mistletoe population: a coupled system

The parasitic plant dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium) is currently one of the most threatening infestations of coniferous forests worldwide, especially in Eurasia and North America, but its population dynamics in relation to one of its hosts (spruce) remain unclear. Here, toward understanding the population dynamics, differential equations were used to construct a life history model for the two populations, and two relatively independent subsystems, host and parasite, were generated from their symbiotic relationships. A suspected-infection model was used to couple them. The resulting models were used to analyze structural changes in the forest. When each infected spruce was assumed to support 1000 parasite shoots, the spruce population first increased rapidly, then slows. When 2000 parasite shoots were assumed, the forest declined dramatically, slipping to zero in the 10th year, and the spruce seedlings were unable to regenerate. Parasite shoot population curves transformed from exponential J-shapes to logistic S-shapes, reaching population limitations as germination rates changed. These results provide important clues to understanding developmental trends of the present parasite population and will assist in reconstructing invasion histories.
Stochastic frontiers or regression quantiles for estimating the self-thinning surface in higher dimensions?

Stochastic frontier analysis and quantile regression are the two econometric approaches that have been commonly adopted in the determination of the self-thinning boundary line or surface in two and higher dimensions since their introduction to the field some 20 years ago. However, the rational for using one method over the other has, in most cases, not been clearly explained perhaps due to a lack of adequate appreciation of differences between the two approaches for delineating the self-thinning surface. Without an adequate understanding of such differences, the most informative analysis may become a missed opportunity, leading to an inefficient use of data, weak statistical inferences and a failure to gain greater insight into the dynamics of plant populations and forest stands that would otherwise be obtained. Using data from 170 plot measurements in even-aged Larix olgensis (A. Henry) plantations across a wide range of site qualities and with different abundances of woody weeds, i.e. naturally regenerated non-crop species, in northeast China, this study compared the two methods in determining the self-thinning surface across eight sample sizes from 30 to 170 with an even interval of 20 observations and also over a range of quantiles through repeated random sampling and estimation. Across all sample sizes and over the quantile range of 0.90 ≤ τ ≤ 0.99, the normal-half normal stochastic frontier estimation proved to be superior to quantile regression in statistical efficiency. Its parameter estimates had lower degrees of variability and correspondingly narrower confidence intervals. This greater efficiency would naturally be conducive to making statistical inferences. The estimated self-thinning surface using all 170 observations enveloped about 96.5% of the data points, a degree of envelopment equivalent to a regression quantile estimation with a τ of 0.965. The stochastic frontier estimation was also more objective because it did not involve the subjective selection of a particular value of τ for the favoured self-thinning surface from several mutually intersecting surfaces as in quantile regression. However, quantile regression could still provide a valuable complement to stochastic frontier analysis in the estimation of the self-thinning surface as it allows the examination of the impact of variables other than stand density on different quantiles of stand biomass.
Testing visible ozone injury within a Light Exposed Sampling Site as a proxy for ozone risk assessment for European forests

Biologically meaningful and cost-effective indicators are needed for assessing and monitoring the impacts of tropospheric ozone (O_3) on vegetation and are required in Europe by the National Emission Ceilings Directive (2016). However, a clear understanding on the best suited indicators is missing. The MOTTLES (MOnitoring ozone injury for seTTing new critical LEvelS) project set up a new generation network for O_3 monitoring in forest plots in order to: 1) estimate the stomatal O_3 fluxes (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake, PODY); and 2) collect visible foliar O_3 injury, both within the forest plot (ITP) and along the Light Exposed Sampling Site (LESS) along the forest edge. Nine forest sites at high O_3 risk were selected across Italy over 2017 - 2019 and significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the percentage of symptomatic plant species within the LESS, and POD1 (PODY, with Y = 1 nmol O_3 m~(-2) s~(-1)) calculated for mixed forest species (r = 0.53) and with the occurrence and severity of visible foliar O_3 injury on the dominant species in the plots (r = 0.65). A generic flux-based critical level for mixed forest species was derived within the LESS and it was recommended using 11 mmol m~(-2) POD1 as the critical level for forest protection against O_3 injury, similar to the critical level obtained in the ITP (12 mmol m~(-2) POD1). It was concluded that the frequency of symptomatic plant species within a LESS is a suitable and effective plant-response indicator of phytotoxic O_3 levels in forest monitoring. LESS is a non-destructive, less complex and less time-consuming approach compared to the ITP for monitoring foliar O_3 injury in the long term. Assessing visible foliar O_3 injury in the ITP might only underestimate the O_3 risk assessment at individual sites. These results are biologically meaningful and useful to monitoring experts and environmental policy makers.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试在支气管扩张症患者中的应用及研究现状

支气管扩张症(简称支扩)是一种临床症状进行性加重的慢性呼吸系统疾病,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前用于评估支扩患者生活质量的评估工具(如圣乔治呼吸问卷、支气管扩张症患者生活质量评分、支气管扩张症健康问卷等)存在内容复杂,使用费时等问题,而目前广泛用于评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者生活质量的慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)内容相对简单,便于临床使用,近年来不断有研究将其应用于支扩患者生活质量的评估。本文就CAT在支扩患者中的应用,尤其在急性加重及肺康复治疗前后的生活质量评估方面的研究进展进行综述。
髋关节旋转袖损伤研究进展

髋关节旋转袖(rotator cuff of the hip)包括臀中肌、臀小肌,是稳定髋关节的重要组织结构。旋转袖的损伤可引起诸多临床表现,最主要症状为髋关节大转子处疼痛,但容易被误诊为其他疾病而延误治疗。近些年来随着对旋转袖的认识、影像学及关节镜技术的发展,对其的研究也越来越深入。正确诊断髋关节旋转袖损伤并且给予适当的治疗方案,对于提升患者生活质量以及改善预后有重要作用。
气管推移训练联合超短波治疗对颈椎前路术后患者早期局部软组织肿胀的影响

目的观察气管推移训练联合超短波治疗对颈椎前路术后患者早期局部软组织肿胀的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将96例拟行颈椎前路手术的脊髓型或神经根型颈椎病患者分为观察组、气管推移组、超短波组及对照组,每组24例。4组患者均给予术前常规管理,观察组于手术前3天指导其进行气管推移训练,术后次日给予超短波治疗;气管推移组于手术前3天指导其进行气管推移训练;超短波组于术后次日给予超短波治疗。4组患者均由同一手术团队行颈椎前路减压融合术。于术前、术后第3天时准确测量各组患者颈椎侧位片C_(2-7)水平椎前软组织厚度,并根据测量数据计算术前、术后C_(2-7)水平椎前软组织厚度差值。结果手术前4组患者C_(2-7)水平椎前软组织厚度组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第3天时各组患者椎前软组织厚度均较手术前明显增加(P<0.05);通过进一步组间比较发现,术后观察组、气管推移组、超短波组C_(2-7)水平椎前软组织厚度均较对照组明显减少(P<0.05);并且观察组椎前软组织厚度亦较气管推移组、超短波组明显减少(P<0.05);气管推移组椎前软组织厚度与超短波组间差异仍无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论气管推移训练联合超短波治疗能显著缓解颈椎前路术后患者早期椎前软组织肿胀,减少术后并发症发生,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用。
中国肌内效贴技术临床应用专家共识(2020版)

肌内效贴技术采用特殊弹性贴布,以特定方法贴于体表,产生力学及神经生理学效应,从而达到保护肌肉骨骼系统、促进运动功能或其他治疗目的。该技术目前已广泛应用于康复医学及运动医学领域。本共识在参考国内外相关文献的基础上,结合中国临床实际应用现状,由30余名专家参与,历经多次讨论制订而成。该专家共识旨在规范肌内效贴技术的中文专用术语及治疗程序,便于国内学者和国际间进行学术交流,并为该技术的临床应用提供指导意见。
Mechanical design of a cryogenic Delta–Knot undulator for high energy photon source

Introduction A novel type of pure permanent cryogenic Delta–Knot Undulator was developed at IHEP to supply a high flux of full adjustable polarization synchrotron radiation with low on-axis power density. This prototype was an active attempt and early exploration for future APPLE–Knot undulator, which will be used at high energy photon source (HEPS). Materials and methods There are several challenges to develop a cryogenic delta undulator, such as the complicated structure, the influence of large magnetic force, and the magnetic measurement difficulty due to the very small gap. In this paper, the mechanical design for overcoming these difficulties will be presented in detail. Conclusion A special hall measuring system is developed, and the preliminary results agree with the theoretical results. This undulator prototype will provide valuable experience for angle magnetization technology, intricate magnetic attraction structure design, and magnetic field measurement under closed small space.
Luminosity optimization and leveling in the Super Proton–Proton Collider

Purpose The design luminosity and the beam energy scale in the future Super Proton–Proton Collider (SPPC) are unprecedented. In this article, different luminosity and leveling scenarios are studied to see if the luminosity design goal is feasible. Methods The luminosity in a collider can be optimized by a group of machine parameters including beam emittance, number of bunches, bunch population, beta functions at the interaction point (IP), colliding mode (such as head-on or crossing, round or flat optics) and their changes during the colliding process. The beam–beam effects, event pileup and machine turnaround time have direct impact on the luminosity. Different measures or scenarios by taking the above factors are studied. When crab cavities are not available, the flat optics is studied to recover the luminosity lost due to a large crossing angle. Results The luminosity patterns during the physics run and averaged luminosities are given for different luminosity schemes. One can compare the performance potential and the technical difficulties among the schemes. The difference between the round optics and flat optics in the case of no crab cavities is presented. Conclusions SPPC has a very high performance in the averaged luminosity. Flexible luminosity optimization and leveling schemes are available to enhance the physics performance. The flat optics as a backup plan in the case of no crab cavities does help to improve the luminosity compared with the round optics.
Dietary nano chromium picolinate can ameliorate some of the impacts of heat stress in cross-bred sheep

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano chromium picolinate (nCrPic) during heat stress (HS) in sheep. In the initial study, 36 Merino×Poll cross-bred sheep were individually penned and allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg nCrPic) for 8 wk. Body composition was determined at the beginning and end of the experiment using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The sheep remained in their dietary groups but were then placed in metabolic cages and randomly allocated within the dietary group to differing ambient temperature regimes, i.e., thermo-neutral (TN) (n = 18) and HS (n = 18), for 3 wk. Dietary nCrPic had no effect on growth performance and body composition during the initial study conducted under TN conditions. Heat stress decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P = 0.002) whereas sheep under HS had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and indeed lost weight (P < 0.001). Dietary nCrPic increased both ADFI (P = 0.041) and ADG (P = 0.049) under both TH and HS conditions such that the performance of sheep receiving supplemental nCrPic and exposed to HS was similar to that of control sheep maintained under TN conditions. Heat stress increased rectal temperature (P < 0.001) and respiration rate (P < 0.001), particularly during the hottest parts of the day as indicated by interactions (P < 0.001) between time of day and thermal treatment. Rectal temperature was lower in sheep fed nCrPic (P = 0.050), particularly under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and time of day (P < 0.001) and dietary nCrPic, thermal treatment and time of day (P = 0.010). Similarly, respiration rate was lower in sheep fed nCrPic under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and thermal treatment (P < 0.001) and dietary nCrPic and time of day (P = 0.030). In conclusion, dietary nCrPic can partially ameliorate the negative effects of HS as indicated by the maintenance of ADFI and decreased physiological responses, such as elevations in rectal temperature and respiration rate.