mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
T-Gate Fabrication of InP-Based HEMTs Using PMGI/ZEP520A/PMGI/ZEP520A Stacked Resist

PMGI/ZEP520A/PMGI/ZEP520A fourlayer resist stack is firstly proposed for T-gates fabrication of InP-based High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Gate-head and gate-foot are exposed in single-step Electron beam lithography (EBL), which avoids alignment deviation by automatic self-alignment. The newly introduced PMGI at the bottom greatly improves the adhesiveness of ZEP520A resist with the substrate. The optimal gate-foot length reaches 101nm for a design of 50nm gate footprint pattern, and which can be improved to be 66.8nm for 30nm gate footprint pattern. Finally, Tgates in nanometer regime have been successfully incorporated into InP-based HEMTs fabrication. Benefiting from both the narrow gate-foot and the reduced parasitic gatecapacitance by single-step EBL technique with the fourlayer resist stack, the fabricated devices with gate-foot length of 101nm demonstrate excellent DC and RF performances: the maximum extrinsic transconductance, the current-gain cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency are 1051mS/mm, 249GHz and 415GHz, respectively.
Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Based on Color Modeling for Facial Complexion Recognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Face diagnosis is one of the four diagnostic methods in Traditional chinese medicine (TCM). The morbidity of the organs can be revealed from the facial complexion. Due to the ambiguity of face diagnosis in TCM, Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) is utilized to remove the influence of outliers. The facial complexion recognition in TCM based on FSVM is proposed in this paper, which includes the following steps: 1) The facial cheek region are segmented as skin blocks; 2) The color feature in Lab color space is extracted from skin block to represent facial complexion characteristic; 3) The fuzzy membership is calculated to obtain the membership of the training samples, in which the final membership of training samples is determined by combining membership calculation based on distance with the facial complexion recognition based on color modeling; 4) The FSVM is built to classify facial complexion characteristic. Experimental results show that proposed facial complexion recognition has better antiinterference performance as well as a higher recognition rate up to 82%.
Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks with Data Field

A clustering algorithm named “Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks” is for finding the centers of clusters quickly. Its accuracy excessively depended on the threshold, and no efficient way was given to select its suitable value, i.e., the value was suggested be estimated on the basis of empirical experience. A new way is proposed to automatically extract the optimal value of threshold by using the potential entropy of data field from the original dataset. For any dataset to be clustered, the threshold can be calculated from the dataset objectively instead of empirical estimation. The results of comparative experiments have shown the algorithm with the threshold from data field can get better clustering results than with the threshold from empirical experience.
从高龄女性卵泡液角度探讨卵母细胞衰老的机制

高龄不孕女性卵母细胞凋亡倾向增加、能量供给减少、抗氧化能力下降以及内分泌变化加快卵母细胞衰老进程,最终导致卵母细胞质量下降。卵泡液代谢组学是通过对生物体内小分子代谢物的定性定量分析,寻找与生理病理变化相关的代谢物。本文将从细胞凋亡、抗氧化、能量代谢、内分泌激素等方面探讨高龄女性卵泡液代谢物与卵母细胞衰老机制的关系,以期为改善高龄不孕女性卵母细胞质量及筛选出优质的卵母细胞提供理论支持。
Analysis of Tonal Noise Generating Mechanisms in Low-Speed Axial-Flow Fans

The present paper reports a comparison of experimental SPL spectral data related to the tonal noise generated by axial-flow fans. A nine blade rotor has been operated at free discharge conditions and in four geometrical configurations in which different kinds of tonal noise generating mechanisms are present: large-scale inlet turbulent structures, tip-gap flow, turbulent wakes, and rotor-stator interaction. The measurements have been taken in a hemi- anechoic chamber at constant rotational speed and, in order to vary the acoustic source strength, during low angular acceleration, linear speed ramps. In order to avoid erroneous quantitative evaluations if the acoustic propagation effects are not considered, the acoustic response functions of the different test configurations have been computed by means of the spectral decomposition method. Then, the properties of the tonal noise generating mechanisms have been studied. To this aim, the constant-Strouhal number SPL, obtained by means of measurements taken during the speed ramps, have been compared with the propagation function. Finally, the analysis of the phase of the acoustic pressure has allowed to distinguish between random and deterministic tonal noise generating mechanisms and to collect information about the presence of important propagation effects.
太阳能热水系统运行保证率影响因素分析

以北京西四环某住宅小区办公配套楼“闭式集热间接换热+开式储热”太阳能全循环生活热水系统为例,在进行全年实际监测的基础上,对影响太阳能热水保证率的因素进行分析,并提出合理解决措施。
高有机磷废水处理工程设计研究

某有机磷阻垢剂生产企业,排放的生产废水中有机磷所占比例达到90%以上,且成分复杂、性能稳定、难降解。针对该废水特点,设计了分质预处理+二级生化处理+深度处理工艺;高含磷废水在分质预处理中进行芬顿氧化,之后与其他废水进行混凝沉淀处理;二级生化采用水解酸化 +厌氧+平板膜生化处理工艺;深度处理采用反渗透工艺。工程实践表明,出水COD平均去除率达到97.13%,TP平均去除率达到99.68%,达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923— 2005)的标准。
我国村镇生活污水排放标准制定技术探讨

村镇生活污水是造成村镇水环境污染的重要来源之一,随着经济的快速发展,农村生活污水的排放量呈逐年上升趋势。随着我国农村连片综合整治工作的开展,村镇地区建设了一批污水处理设施;为有效处理、利用村镇生活污水,首先要解决的是合理制定技术经济可行的村镇生活污水排放标准。现阶段,我国农村生活污水排放标准采用的是《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)、《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)等,并没有建立农村相应的生活污水排放标准和污水处理设施的长效运行管理机制,由于缺乏针对村镇生活污水处理的技术规范、排放标准等,致使村镇生活污水处理设施运行和管理效果难以保证、监管工作也遇到难题。为了加快新农村建设步伐,有序地、规范化地推进我国村镇生活污水处理设施的建设,并保证处理效果,制定我国村镇生活污水排放标准迫在眉睫。
高频超声诊断新生儿腹股沟卵巢输卵管嵌顿疝1例

腹腔镜下术中探查:见左侧卵巢及左侧输卵管嵌入左侧腹股沟管内,复位后见左侧卵巢水肿,左侧输卵管伞部明显充血水肿,呈暗黑色,术中发现右侧腹股沟管内环口未闭合。术中确诊:(1)左侧嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝;(2)右侧隐匿性腹股沟斜疝。行双侧腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术。
ICP-MS法研究不同青黛和雄黄配伍组方对大鼠体内砷吸收的影响

目的:观察青黄散中青黛和雄黄剂量配比对体内砷变化的影响规律,为进一步研究青黄散在治疗白血病中量效关系提供理论基础。方法:以大鼠为研究对象,随机分为3组,分别以不同配伍的青黄散组方,青黛∶雄黄分别为7∶ 3组、8∶ 2组、9∶ 1组,其中3组中雄黄的剂量保持一致,每组5只,分别单次灌胃不同配比的青黄散混悬液,于服药后不同时间点采血,采用ICP-MS测得血中砷元素浓度,并计算主要药动学参数。结果:与其他组比较,9 ∶ 1组方青黄散,在大鼠体内其C_(max)显著升高、AUC显著增加。结论:青黄散中青黛比例的增加能促进大鼠体内砷的吸收程度。
正交试验优化卜芥凝集素超声提取工艺研究

目的:优选卜芥凝集素的超声提取工艺。方法:以比活力为指标,通过与传统浸提法比较研究超声波法、各缓冲体系的优劣,采用单因素试验研究超声功率、超声时间、料液比及硫酸铵饱和度对卜芥凝集素提取效果的影响;在此基础上利用L_9( 3~4 )正交法优选出最佳提取工艺。结果:确定了提取方法为超声处理,提取溶剂为 PBS;最佳提取工艺为:超声功率240 W,超声时间10 min,料液比1∶ 8(g/mL),硫酸铵饱和度为90%,其中料液比对提取效果影响显著(P < 0. 05)。结论:优化后的提取工艺经济、简单、稳定、可行。
野鸡尾与易混品乌蕨的生药鉴别

目的:为建立野鸡尾药材的质量标准,对其进行生药鉴定研究,并与易混品乌蕨进行比较。方法:采用生药学传统方法对药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层定性鉴别,并用扫描电镜观察孢子的形态。结果:确定野鸡尾根茎的性状鉴别特征、根茎与叶柄基部横切面的显微结构特征、粉末主要显微鉴别特征、薄层定性鉴别特征以及孢子在扫描电镜下的形态特征,并明确了野鸡尾与易混品乌蕨的主要区别是野鸡尾根茎与叶柄基部横切面中分体中柱为2个,乌蕨叶柄基部横切面维管束为1个;野鸡尾的孢子为四面体形,并可见三叉状裂隙,乌蕨的孢子正面观呈内凹形,背面观为椭圆形。结论:野鸡尾与乌蕨在性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层定性鉴别以及扫描电镜下的孢子形态方面均不同,本研究为鉴别2种药材以及野鸡尾质量标准的制订提供了实验依据。
安神定志灵对ADHD模型大鼠前额叶、纹状体AC、cAMP的影响

目的探讨中药复方安神定志灵(醋柴胡、黄芩、连翘等)对注意缺陷多动障碍( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)动物模型SHR大鼠前额叶、纹状体中腺苷酸环化酶( adenylate cyclase,AC) 、环磷酸腺苷( cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)的影响。方法依据随机数字将SHR大鼠分为模型组,利他林组,安神定志灵低、中、高剂量组,每组10只,另将10只WKY大鼠设为正常组,分别灌胃4周。ELISA法检测各组大鼠前额叶、纹状体中AC、cAMP的表达水平。结果相比正常组,模型组大鼠前额叶、纹状体中AC及cAMP的平均水平显著降低( P < 0. 01) 。经治疗后,相比模型组,利他林组、安神定志灵各剂量组前额叶及纹状体AC、cAMP的平均水平显著升高( P < 0. 01或P < 0. 05) ,其中安神定志灵中剂量组作用最为显著。结论安神定志灵可以升高SHR大鼠前额叶及纹状体中AC、cAMP的水平,提示其可能是通过调节多巴胺受体下游AC-cAMP信号通路发挥治疗作用。
Entropy Production Analysis for Hump Characteristics of a Pump Turbine Model

The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode. However, traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region. In this paper, 3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings. The numerical results agree with the experimental data. The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage, based on the numerical simulation. The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented. The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave, with peaks under different guide vane openings, which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves. Entropy production mainly happens in the runner, guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode. Finally, entropy production rate distribution in the runner, guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region. The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics. In addition, the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades. In the guide vanes and stay vanes, the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes. A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine, and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.
Lung-protective Ventilation in Patients with Brain Injury: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study and Questionnaire Survey in China

Over the years, the mechanical ventilation (MV) strategy has changed worldwide. The aim of the present study was to describe the ventilation practices, particularly lung-protective ventilation (LPV), among brain-injured patients in China. Methods: This study was a multicenter, 1-day, cross-sectional study in 47 Intensive Care Units (ICUs) across China. Mechanically ventilated patients (18 years and older) with brain injury in a participating ICU during the time of the study, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, postoperation with intracranial tumor, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, and idiopathic epilepsy, were enrolled. Demographic data, primary diagnoses, indications for MV, MV modes and settings, and prognoses on the 60th day were collected. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to assess factors that might affect the use of LPV. Results: A total of 104 patients were enrolled in the present study, 87 (83.7%) of whom were identified with severe brain injury based on a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 points. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) was the most frequent ventilator mode, accounting for 46.2% of the entire cohort. The median tidal volume was set to 8.0 ml/kg (interquartile range [IQR], 7.0–8.9 ml/kg) of the predicted body weight; 50 (48.1%) patients received LPV. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set to 5 cmH_2O (IQR, 5–6 cmH_2O). No PEEP values were higher than 10 cmH_2O. Compared with partially mandatory ventilation, supportive and spontaneous ventilation practices were associated with LPV. There were no significant differences in mortality and MV duration between patients subjected to LPV and those were not. Conclusions: Among brain-injured patients in China, SIMV was the most frequent ventilation mode. Nearly one-half of the brain-injured patients received LPV. Patients under supportive and spontaneous ventilation were more likely to receive LPV.
A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for sustainable land-use management

Ecosystem services are substantial elements for human society. The central challenge to meet the human needs from ecosystems while sustain the Earth’s life support systems makes it urgent to enhance efficient natural resource management for sustainable ecological and socioeconomic development. Trade-off analysis of ecosystem services can help to identify optimal decision points to balance the costs and benefits of the diverse human uses of ecosystems. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to provide key insights into ecosystem services trade-off analysis at different scales from a land use perspective, by comprehensively reviewing the trade-offs analysis tools and approaches that addressed in ecology, economics and other fields. The review will significantly contribute to future research on trade-off analysis to avoid inferior management options and offer a win-win solution based on comprehensive and efficient planning for interacting multiple ecosystem services.
Water resource formation and conversion and water security in arid region of Northwest China

Climate change and water resource issues are global problems of common concern to the international community, and they are major bottlenecks affecting the eco-environment and sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China. On the basis of results from previous studies, this paper points out that the unique landscape of Northwest China increases the complexity and uncertainty of the climate system. This paper analyzes the key constraints on socio-economic development and ecological security in the region, discusses the impact of climate change on water resources in Northwest China, identifies common themes and the main problems present in research on climate change and water resources in the arid northwest region, and finally, based on the importance and urgency of conducting research on the region’s water resources, proposes scientific problems that need to be addressed: first, the impact of climate change on the formation, conversion and future trends of water resources in the region; second, bidirectional coupling of high-resolution regional climate models and water cycle models of arid region land surface patterns; third, the impact of climate change and human activities on water resources of the arid northwest region. Through consideration and discussion of the above, this paper seeks to further clarify specific areas of research on pressing issues related to climate change and water resources in Northwest China, so as to establish a solid scientific basis for significantly enhancing our ability to respond to climate change and water shortages.
A review of precipitation isotope studies in China: Basic pattern and hydrological process

In the paper, the development of precipitation isotope observation networks in China was reviewed, and recent achievements in isoscape and environmental effect of precipitation stable isotopes were summarized; the hydrological process studies based on precipitation isotopes in China during recent decade were also reviewed. In past decades, the spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation isotopes have been investigated nationwide, especially after the participation in GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) and the establishment of CHNIP (Chinese Network of Isotopes in Precipitation), although long-term measurements are still limited; besides the nationwide network, a series of regional networks has been widely established across China. From the traditional manual drawing to the computer- aided mapping, and then to the simulation using isotope-equipped models, the productions of precipitation isoscape have been improved. The main factors controlling precipitation isotopes were summarized, and the potential significances of isotopes in climate proxies were mentioned. The recent studies about influence of raindrop sub-cloud secondary evaporation on isotopes were reviewed; based on the precipitation isotope and other parameters, the contribution of recycled moisture (evaporation and transpiration) in local precipitation can be estimated using three- or two-component mixing models. Finally, some prospects of precipitation isotope studies in China were presented.
Review on carbon emissions, energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change

Accompanying the rapid growth of China’s population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO_2 emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted “U-shaped” curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China’s carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year (1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.
Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation

Eddy Covariance technique (EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network (ChinaFLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of ChinaFLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of ChinaFLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of ChinaFLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.
Progress in flexible organic thin-film transistors and integrated circuits

Organic thin-film transistor constructs the headstone of flexible electronic world such as conformable sensor arrays and flexible active-matrix displays. With solution-processed methods, it forges ahead toward large-area, low-cost manufacturing goals. As an indispensable complement to traditional silicon-based transistors, organic thin-film field-effect transistors have made great progress in materials, performance, bending capacity, and integrated circuits in recent few years. Flexible transistors and circuitry have extremely promising application prospects and possess irreplaceable status in foldable displays, artificial skins and bendable smart cards. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of flexible organic transistors and integrated circuits in terms of material, fabrication as well as application.
In situ carrier tuning in high temperature superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) by potassium deposition

We report a successful tuning of the hole doping level over a wide range in high temperature superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) (Bi2212) through successive in situ potassium (K) deposition. By taking high resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the Fermi surface and band structure of an overdoped Bi2212 (T_c = 76 K) at different stages of K deposition, we found that the area of the hole-like Fermi surface around the Brillouin zone corner (π,π) shrinks with increasing K deposition. This indicates a continuous hole concentration change from initial ?0.26 to eventual 0.09 after extensive K deposition, a net doping level change of 0.17 that makes it possible to bring Bi2212 from being originally overdoped, to optimally-doped, and eventually becoming heavily underdoped. The electronic behaviors with K deposition are consistent with those of Bi2212 samples with different hole doping levels. These results demonstrate that K deposition is an effective way of in situ controlling the hole concentration in Bi2212. This work opens a good way of studying the doping evolution of electronic structure and establishing the electronic phase diagram in Bi2212 that can be extended to other cuprate superconductors.
Determination and impact factor analysis of hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient within a gravel layer using an electrolyte tracer method

Hydrodynamic dispersion is a measure for describing the process of solute transport in porous media. Characterizing the dispersion of water flow within gravel is essential for the prediction of solute transport especially nonpoint source pollutants migration in alpine watersheds where the land surface is typically covered with gravel. In this study, an integrated model and experimental method using an electrolyte tracer is proposed for determination of the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient. Two experimental scenarios were designed to measure electrolyte tracer transport processes in both free water flow and gravel layer flow under different slope gradients and transport distances. Subsequently, the measured data were used to simultaneously calculate both the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and flow velocity by fitting the experimental data with the mathematical model. Dispersivity, as a critical feature of hydrodynamic dispersion, was determined as well under the two specified scenarios. Finally, the impact mechanisms of the gravel layer and factors related to the dispersion processes were comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the presence of a gravel layer significantly reduces flow velocity and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, but increases solute dispersivity. For the flow within gravel layers, with much lower velocity, the positive effect of the gravel layer on dispersivity may be neutralized or even surpassed by the negative effect of flow velocity. The results should be helpful in characterizing the dispersion processes of water flow within gravel layer and hence in predicting solute transport, especially in nonpoint source pollutants migration in alpine watersheds where the land surface is richly covered with gravel.
Constructing an assessment index system for strategic risk management in coal science and technology enterprises

Coal occupies a dominant position in China's national economy and is an essential energy source for future industrial development. To inform the efficient and sustainable development of the coal industry, this paper analyzes the sources of strategic risk for coal science and technology enterprises using 3 first-class indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 37 observation points established through the existing research literature and experience. Moreover, in accordance to the obtained initial index data, the selected indicators have been tested and screened using reliability and membership degree analyses to remove redundant variables, avoid juxtaposition of risk factors at different levels, and reduce the influence of some tiny risk factors for enterprise strategic risk. Then, factor analysis of external environment factor sub-scale was carried out. Factors are extracted according to a standard characteristic value greater than 1. Variables with high coefficients are classified into one factor category; and finally, 3 first-class indicators, 8 second-level indicators, and 37 observation points are reconstructed.