mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Role of Nitric Oxide Dependence on Nitric Oxide Synthase-like Activity in the Water Stress Signaling of Maize Seedling

Nitric oxide (NO) has been known as an important signal in plant antioxidative defense but its production and roles in water stress are less known. The present study investigated whether NO dependence on a NO synthase-like (NOS) activity is involved in the signaling of drought-induced protective responses in maize seedlings. NOS activity, rate of NO release and drought responses were analyzed when NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), NO scavenger c-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and NOS inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) were applied to both detached maize leaves and whole plants. Both NOS activity and the rate of NO release increased substantially under dehydration stress. The high NOS activity induced by c-PTIO as NO scavenger and NO accumulation inhibited by NOS inhibitor L-NAME in dehydration-treated maize seedlings indicated that most NO production under water deficit stress may be generated from NOS-like activity. After dehydration stress for 3 h, detached maize leaves pretreated with NO donor SNP maintained more water content than that of control leaves pretreated with water. This result was consistent with the decrease in the transpiration rate of SNP-treated leaves subjected to drought treatment for 3 h. Membrane permeability, a cell injury index, was lower in SNP-treated maize leaves under dehydration stress for 4 h when compared with the control leaves. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of SNP combined drought treatment maize leaves was higher than that of drought treatment alone, indicating that exogenous NO treatment alleviated the water loss and oxidative damage of maize leaves under water deficit stress. When c-PTIO as a specific NO scavenger was applied, the effects of applied SNP were overridden. Treatment with L-NAME on leaves also led to higher membrane permeability, higher transpiration rate and lower SOD activities than those of control leaves, indicating that NOS-like activity was involved in the antioxidative defense under water stress. These results suggested that NO dependence on NOS-like activity serves as a signaling component in the induction of protective responses and is associated with drought tolerance in maize seedlings.
Distribution and Fate of Anthropogenic Nitrogen in the Calamagrostis angustifolia Wetland Ecosystem of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Wetlands are important for the protection of water quality of rivers and lakes, especially those adjacent to agricultural landscapes, by intercepting and removing nutrients in runoff. In this study, the ~(15)N tracer technique was applied to study the distribution and fate of anthropogenic nitrogen (~(15)N-fertilizer) in Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom wetland plant-soil microcosms to identify the main ecological effects of it. ~(15)NH_4~(15)NO_3 solution (14.93 mg N/L, 20.28 at.% ~(15)N) was added to each microcosm of the first group, which was approximate to the current nitrogen concentration (CNC) of farm drainage, and 29.86 mg N/L ~(15)NH_4~(15)NO_3 solution was added to another group, which was approximate to the double nitrogen concentration (DNC) of farm drainage, while no nitrogen (NN) was added to the third group. The results suggest that the input of anthropogenic nitrogen has positive effects on the biomass and total nitrogen content of plant, and the positive effects will be elevated as the increase of its input amount. The increase of ~(15)N-fertilizer can also elevate its amounts and proportions in plant nitrogen. Soil nitrogen is still the main source of plant nitrogen, but its proportion will be reduced as the increase of ~(15)N-fertilizer. The study of the fate of ~(15)N-fertilizer indicates that, in CNC treatment, only a small proportion is water-dissolved (0.13 ± 0.20%), a considerable proportion is soil-immobilized (17.02 ± 8.62%), or plant-assimilated (23.70 ± 0.92%), and most is lost by gaseous forms (59.15 ± 8.35%). While in DNC treatment, about 0.09 ± 0.15% is water-dissolved, 15.33 ± 7.46% is soil-immobilized, 23.55 ± 2.86% is plant-assimilated, and 61.01 ± 5.59% is lost by gaseous forms. The double input of anthropogenic nitrogen can not elevate the proportions of plant-assimilation, soil-immobilization and water-dissolution, but it can enhance the gaseous losses.
Two-Mode Excited Squeezed Vacuum State and Its Properties

In this paper, the two-mode excited squeezed vacuum state (TESVS) is studied by using the statistical method. By calculating the normalization of the TESVS, a new form of Jacobi polynomials and some new identities are obtained. The photon number distribution of the TESVS is given and it is a simple form of Jacobi polynomials. Using the entangled state representation of Wigner operator, the Wigner function of the TESVS is obtainded and the variations of the Wigner function with the parameters m, n, and r are discussed. Here from the phase space point of view the TESVS can be well interpreted and described.
Effects of Δ-Isobars on Neutron Stars

We have investigated the possibility of the presence of the deltas in neutron star matter and their effects on neutron stars. Δ-meson couplings of the theoretical predictions are only restricted in a region where the deltas can be present and even a first-order phase transition may take place, making the EOS softer and the maximum mass of neutron stars smaller. The presence of the deltas leads to the rapid decrease of neutrino mean free paths.
su(1,2) Algebraic Structure of XYZ Antiferromagnetic Model in Linear Spin-Wave Frame

The XYZ antiferromagnetic model in linear spin-wave frame is shown explicitly to have an su(1,2) algebraic structure: the Hamiltonian can be written as a linear function of the su(1,2) algebra generators. Based on it, the energy eigenvalues are obtained by making use of the similar transformations, and the algebraic diagonalization method is investigated. Some numerical solutions are given, and the results indicate that only one group solution could be accepted in physics.
Surface N Balances in Agricultural Crop Production Systems in China for the Period 1980–2015

Surface nitrogen (N) balances for China's crop production systems were estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level. There was a surplus N balance throughout these periods, but the surplus was nearly stable in recent years. Projections using nonseasonal Box-Jenkins model or exponential models show that the N surplus for the total cultivated land in China was likely to increase from 142.8 kg ha~(-1) in 2004 to 168.6 kg ha~(-1) in 2015. The N balance surplus in the more developed southeastern provinces was the largest, and was slightly less in the central region, which caused the nitrate pollution in the ground water. The N surplus was much less in the western and northern provinces because of lower synthetic fertilizer inputs. The region with high N risk includes Beijing Municipality and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shandong provinces for 2002–2004. The projections suggested that 15 provinces (or municipalities) in the middle and southeastern part of China except Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces would become the high-risk region by 2015. The level of economic development, transportation, and labor force condition had an important efiect on the N balance surplus at the county level, but the last two factors showed remarkable impact at the provincial level. To decrease the nonpoint pollution (Npp) risk from crop production, the authors suggested to reduce the target level for national grain self-sufficiency to 90%–95% and change the regional structure of grain production by moving some of the future grain production from the high Npp risk areas of eastern China to parts of the central and western provinces where the Npp risk was much less.
Temporal Variability in Soil CO_2 Emission in an Orchard Forest Ecosystem

Temporal variability in soil CO_2 emission from an orchard was measured using a dynamic open-chamber system for measuring soil CO_2 efflux in Heshan Guangdong Province, in the lower subtropical area of China. Intensive measurements were conducted for a period of 12 months. Soil CO_2 emissions were also modeled by multiple regression analysis from daily air temperature, dry-bulb saturated vapor pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data was analyzed based on soil moisture levels and air temperature with annual data being grouped into either hot-humid season or relatively cool season based on the precipitation patterns. This was essential in order to acquire simplifled exponential models for parameter estimation. Minimum and maximum daily mean soil CO_2 efflux rates were observed in November and July, with respective rates of 1.98 ± 0.66 and 11.04 ± 0.96 μmol m~(-2) s~(-1) being recorded. Annual average soil CO_2 emission (F CO_2) was 5.92 μmol m~(-2) s~(-1). Including all the weather variables into the model helped to explain 73.9% of temporal variability in soil CO_2 emission during the measurement period. Soil CO_2 efflux increased with increasing soil temperature and soil moisture. Preliminary results showed that Q10, which is deflned as the difierence in respiration rates over a 10 °C interval, was partly explained by flne root biomass. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the dominant factors controlling soil CO_2 efflux and were regarded as the driving variables for CO_2 production in the soil. Including these two variables in regression models could provide a useful tool for predicting the variation of CO_2 emission in the commercial forest soils of South China.
Effectiveness of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate as Nitriflcation Inhibitor in Soil as Influenced by Inhibitor Concentration, Application Form, and Soil Matric Potential

The efficacy of nitriflcation inhibitors depends on soil properties and environmental conditions. The nitriflcation inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was investigated in a sandy loam and a loamy soil to study its efiectiveness as influenced by inhibitor concentration, application form, and soil matric potential. DMPP was applied with concentrations up to 34.6 mg DMPP kg~(-1) soil as solution or as ammonium-sulfate/ammonium-nitrate granules formulated with DMPP. DMPP inhibited the oxidation of ammonium in both soils, but this efiect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. When applied as solution, increasing DMPP concentrations up to 7 mg DMPP kg~(-1) soil had no influence on the inhibition. The efiectiveness of DMPP formulated as fertilizer granules was superior to the liquid application of DMPP and NH_4~+, particularly in the loamy soil. Without DMPP, a decline in soil matric potential down to ?600 kPa decreased nitriflcation in both soils, but this efiect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. DMPP was most efiective in the sandy loam particularly under conditions of higher soil moisture, i.e., under conditions favorable for nitrate leaching.
Staggered Quadrupolar Phase and Bicritical Point of Spin-1 Bond and Anisotropy Dilution Blume–Emery–Griffiths Model

Within the effective field theory (EFT), staggered quadrupolar phase and bicritical point of spin-1 bond and anisotropy dilution Blume–Emery–Griffiths model is studied on simple cubic lattice in the restricted range of biquadratic interaction and bilinear interaction ratio α ≤ -1. The phase diagrams present a line of staggered quadrupolar-paramagnetic (SQ-P) phase and a line of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (F-P) phase, separated by a bicritical point (BCP). A large negative ratio and two different dilution factors magnify the range of the SQ phase and reduce range of ferromagnetic phase in T-α or T-D plane. These parameters can assist the reentrant behavior of the SQ-P line and suppress that of the F-P line. The influence of bond dilution on the BCP is dissimilar to that of anisotropy dilution. There is a degenerate pattern at ground state in T-D plane. Some results obtained by the pure BEG model is in qualitative agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulations.
Ashkin–Teller Formalism for Elastic Response of DNA Molecule to External Force and Torque

We propose an Ashkin–Teller-like model for elastic response of DNA molecule to external force and torque. The base-stacking interaction is described in a simple and uniform way. We obtain the phase diagram of dsDNA, and in particular, the transition from B form to the S state induced by stretching and twisting. The elastic response of the ssDNA is presented also in a unified formalism. The close relation of dsDNA molecule structure with elastic response is shown clearly. The calculated folding angle of the dsDNA molecule is 59.2°.
Masses and Widths of Light Scalar Mesons in Chiral Perturbation Theory

Based on the diquark model, we assume that the light scalar mesons are q~2q~2 states rather than q. The chiral effective Lagrangian for the light scalar meson is constructed, and the mass relations are obtained: the isotriplet (a0) and the isosinglet (f0) are the heaviest and are degenerate, the isodoublets (κ) are heavier and the other isosinglet (σ) is the lightest; and 2M_κ~2= M_(a0)~2 + M_σ~2. Using experimental value for a0 and σ mass, we obtain Mκ = 794 MeV, which is consistent with the experimental value. Then taking Γ(a~0_0 → ηπ~0) = 90 MeV and Γ(f0_0 → π~0π~0) = 20 MeV, we get the width of σ is: Γ(σ → π+π-) = 150 MeV.
Effect of Strong Magnetic Field on Gamow–Teller Transition Electron Capture of Iron Group Nuclei at Crusts of Neutron Stars

The electron capture of Gamow-Teller transition on iron group nuclei is investigated in a strong magnetic field at the crusts of neutron stars. The results show that the magnetic field has only a slight effect on the electron capture rates with the range of the magnetic fields (10~9 ～10~(13) G) on surfaces of most neutron stars, whereas for some magnetars whose range of the magnetic field is 10~(13)～ 10~(18) G, the electron capture rates of most iron group nuclei would be debased greatly and may be even decreased overrun 3 orders of magnitude by the strong magnetic field.
Cellular Automaton Simulation of Evacuation Process in Story

Computer simulations on the evacuation process in a story are launched with cellular automaton in this article. The story is composed of five rooms and one corridor. Influence of various parameters on the evacuation process is investigated. It shows that the width of the door of rooms has little influence but the width of the corridor and the maximum velocity of the pedestrian have great influence on the time for evacuation. The relation between evacuation time and the width of corridor is found as t_c  W~(-0.84). It is also found that appropriate shape of the room is helpful to evacuation.
Single Bubble Behavior in Direct Current Electric Field

The investigation on bubble behavior in electric field helps to analyze the mechanism of electric enhancement of boiling heat transfer. Experiments were performed to investigate the bubble deformation in direct current (DC) electric field with bubbles attached to the orifice. The air bubbles were slowly generated in the transformer oil pool at different orifices, so that the effect of flow on bubble shape was eliminated. The results showed that the bubbles were elongated and the departure volume decreased when the electric field was intensified. The major and minor axes, aspect ratio and departure volume increased with increasing the orifice diameter. Both the electric field and orifice size have great influence on bubble behavior. The bubble deformation was also simulated to compare with the experimental results. The numerical and experimental data qualitatively agree with each other.
Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay

The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the world; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference (P ＜ 0.01) was observed when compared with the solvent control. The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100×; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks (at town level) was the most serious, the arbitrary units (AU) was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks (at city level) was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town's water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources.
Organic carbon stratification and size distribution of three typical paddy soils from Taihu Lake region, China

Developing realistic soil carbon (C) sequestration strategies for China's sustainable agriculture relies on accurate estimates of the amount, retention and turnover rates of C stored in paddy soils. Available C estimates to date are predominantly for the tilled and flood-irrigated surface topsoil (ca. 30 cm). Such estimates cannot be used to extrapolate to soil depths of 100 cm since soil organic carbon (SOC) generally shows a sharp decrease with depth. In this research, composite soil samples were collected at several depths to 100 cm from three representative paddy soils in the Taihu Lake region, China. Soil organic carbon distribution in the profiles and in aggregate-size fractions was determined. Results showed that while SOC decreased exponentially with depth to 100 cm, a substantial proportion of the total SOC (30%-40%) is stored below the 30 cm depth. In the carbon-enriched paddy topsoils, SOC was found to accumulate preferentially in the 2-0.25 and 0.25-0.02 mm aggregate size fractions. d13C analysis of the coarse micro-aggregate fraction showed that the high degree of C stratification in the paddy topsoil was in agreement with the occurrence of lighter d1313C in the upper 30 cm depth. These results suggest that SOC stratification within profiles varies with different pedogenetical types of paddy soils with regards to clay and iron oxyhydrates distributions. Sand-sized fractions of aggregates in paddy soil systems may play a very important role in carbon sequestration and turnover, dissimilar to other studied agricultural systems.
Preparation of copper arsenite and its application in purification of copper electrolyte

The preparation of copper arsenite with arsenic trioxide was presented and its application in the purification of copper electrolyte was proposed. The variables of n(OH-)/n(As), n(Cu)/n(As), NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and pH value have some effects on the yield of copper arsenite. The optimum conditions of preparing copper arsenite are that the molar ratio of alkali to arsenic is 2:1, NaOH concentration is 1 mol/L, the molar ratio of copper to arsenic is 2:1, pH value is 6.0 and reaction temperature is 20 ℃. The yield of copper arsenite is as high as 98.65% under optimum conditions and the molar ratio of Cu to As in the product is about 5:4. The results of the purification experiments show that the removal rate of antimony and bismuth is 53.85% and 53.33% respectively after 20 g/L copper arsenite is added. The purification of copper electrolyte with copper arsenite has the advantages of simple technique, good purification performance and low cost.
New technology for comprehensive utilization of aluminum-chromium residue from chromium salts production

Colloidal aluminum-chromium residue(ACR) was mass-produced in chromate production process, and the large energy consumption and high recovery cost existed in traditional methods of utilizing such ACR. To overcome those problems, a new comprehensive method was proposed to deal with the ACR, and was proven valid in industry. In the new process, the chromate was separated firstly from the colloidal ACR by ripening and washing with additives, by which more than 95% hexavalent chromium was recovered. The chromium-free aluminum residue(CFAR), after properly dispersed, was digested at 120-130 ℃ and more than 90% alumina can be recovered. And then the pregnant aluminate solution obtained from digestion was seeded to precipitate aluminum hydroxide. This new method can successfully recover both alumina and sodium chromate, and thus realize the comprehensive utilization of ACR from chromate industry.
Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Moshui Lake 

To examine the status and risk of heavy metal pollution in urban lakes,in China,the distribution of several heavy metals(e.g.,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn)in the sediment of Moshui Lake,Hangyang District,Wuhan City,was characterized.The process of rapid urbanization and industrialization of the district was also studied to find out its relationship with the metal accumulation profile in the sediment.It Was found that the total concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than the severe effect level(SEL),at all sampling sites,except those in the riparian zone.The Cr and Cu maximum concentrations were 1,780 and 1,250 mg/kg,approximately 16 and 11 times as much as the SEL values,and they appeared as deep as 32 cm in one sample.The carbonate and exchangeable fractions of Zn were more than 50% of the total Zn content,resulting in very high risk according to the Risk Assessment Code(RAC).For Cu and Ni,a medium RAC value was found for carbonate and exchangeable fractions of 11%-20%.As sensitive indicators of contaminants in aquatie systems,heavy metals in the sediment reflect the outcome of regional urbanization,industrialization,and environmental management.With rapid urbanization,sedimentary Pb and Zn concentrations increased.The experimental results showed that high sedimentary heavy metal concentrations had resulted from rapid urbanization and industrialization,which would absolutely lead to substantial aquatic environmental decline in urban lakes.
Scene recognition for mine rescue robot localization based on vision

A new scene recognition system was presented based on fuzzy logic and hidden Markov model(HMM) that can be applied in mine rescue robot localization during emergencies. The system uses monocular camera to acquire omni-directional images of the mine environment where the robot locates. By adopting center-surround difference method, the salient local image regions are extracted from the images as natural landmarks. These landmarks are organized by using HMM to represent the scene where the robot is, and fuzzy logic strategy is used to match the scene and landmark. By this way, the localization problem, which is the scene recognition problem in the system, can be converted into the evaluation problem of HMM. The contributions of these skills make the system have the ability to deal with changes in scale, 2D rotation and viewpoint. The results of experiments also prove that the system has higher ratio of recognition and localization in both static and dynamic mine environments.