mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases demonstration project: aerosol pollution and its seasonal peculiarities in primary schools of Vilnius

Background: The growing public health concern caused by non-communicable diseases in urban surroundings cannot be solved by health care alone; therefore a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. This study aimed to evaluate the airborne aerosol pollution level in primary schools as possible factor influencing origin and course of the diseases in children. Methods: Seasonal aerosol particle number concentration (PNC) and mass concentration (PMC) were studied in the randomly selected eleven primary schools in the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius, as model of a middle-size Eastern European city. Total PNC in the size range from 0.01 to >1.0 µm in diameter was measured using a condensation particle counter. Using an optical particle sizer, PNC was measured and PMC estimated for particles from 0.3 to 10.0 µm. A descriptive statistics was used to estimate the aerosol pollution levels. Results: During all seasons, local cafeterias in the absence of ventilation were the main sources of the elevated levels of indoor PMC and PNC (up to 97,500 particles/cm~3). The other sources of airborne particulates were the children's activity during the lesson breaks with PMC up to 586 µg/m~3. Soft furniture, carpets in the classrooms and corridors were responsible for PMC up to 200 µg/m~3. Outdoor aerosol pollution (up to 18,170 particles/cm~3) was higher for schools in city center. Elevated air pollution in classrooms also resulted from intermittent sources, such as construction work during classes (200-1000 µg/m~3) and petrol-powered lawn trimmers (up to 66,400 particles/cm~3). Conclusion: The results of our survey show that even in a relatively low polluted region of Eastern Europe there are big differences in aerosol pollution within middle-sized city. Additional efforts are needed to improve air quality in schools: more frequent wet cleaning, monitoring the operation of ventilation systems, a ban on construction works during school year, on a use of sandblasting mechanisms in the neighborhood of schools.
羊膜基质/聚丙烯复合补片的制备及其生物相容性评价

制备脱细胞羊膜基质,运用物理方法将其复合于临床用聚丙烯补片,以形成具有更好组织相容性的生物补片。通过细胞培养,以聚丙烯膜为对照,评价复合生物补片的细胞相容性;通过动物皮下植入实验,以评价复合补片的组织相容性。结果表明,复合补片羊膜基质表面上的成纤维细胞生长和形态均好于聚丙烯表面,细胞增殖较快,增殖率超过聚丙烯表面的50%。动物实验显示,复合补片周围增生少,无明显纤维包膜形成,初期在植入周围有淋巴细胞等炎性细胞浸润,随着羊膜逐渐降解,4周时可见毛细血管新生;而对于聚丙烯材料,植入处纤维包囊明显,炎性情况也较严重。经羊膜基质复合的聚丙烯补片具有良好的细胞和组织相容性。
A ROBUST DISCRETIZATION OF THE REISSNER-MINDLIN PLATE WITH ARBITRARY POLYNOMIAL DEGREE

A numerical scheme for the Reissner-Mindlin plate model is proposed. The method is based on a discrete Helmholtz decomposition and can be viewed as a generalization of the nonconforming finite element scheme of Arnold and Falk [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 26(6):1276-1290, 1989]. The two unknowns in the discrete formulation are the in-plane rotations and the gradient of the vertical displacement. The decomposition of the discrete shear variable leads to equivalence with the usual Stokes system with penalty term plus two Poisson equations and the proposed method is equivalent to a stabilized discretization of the Stokes system that generalizes the Mini element. The method is proved to satisfy a best-approximation result which is robust with respect to the thickness parameter $t$.
Science Missions Using CubeSats

As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems,such as resource management,environmental problems,and disaster management,as well as space science questions,thanks to their lower cost and faster development process CubeSats can benefit humanity and therefore,young scientists and engineers have been motivated to research and develop new CubeSat missions.Not very long after their inception,CubeSats have evolved to become accepted platforms for scientific and commercial applications.The last couple of years showed that they are a feasible tool for conducting scientific experiments,not only in the Earth orbit but also in the interplanetary space.For many countries,a CubeSat mission could prompt the community and young teams around the world to build the national capacity to launch and operate national space missions.This paper presents an overview of the key scientific and engineering gateways opened up to the younger scientific community by the advent and adaptation of new technology into CubeSat missions.The role of cooperation and the opportunities for capacity-building and education are also explored.Thus,the present article also aims to provide useful recommendations to scientists,early-career researchers,engineers,students,and anyone who intends to explore the potential and opportunities offered by CubeSats and CubeSats-based missions.
Nonlinear dynamical magnetosonic wave interactions and collisions in magnetized plasma

The one-dimensional nonlinear dynamical wave interactions in a system of quasineutral two-fluid plasma in a constant magnetic field are investigated.The existence of the travelling wave solutions is discussed.The modulation stability of linear waves and the modulation instability of weakly nonlinear waves are presented.Both suggest that the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)system is modulationally stable.Besides,the wave interactions including the periodic wave interaction and the solitary wave interaction are captured and presented.It is shown that these interacting waves alternately exchange their energy during propagation.The Fourier spectrum analysis is used to depict the energy transformation between the primary and harmonic waves.It is known that the wave interactions in magnetized plasma play an important role in various processes of heating and energy transportation in space and astrophysical plasma.However,few researchers have considered such magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)wave interactions in plasma.It is expected that this work can provide additional insight into understanding of behaviors of MHD wave interactions.
Effects of volumetric fraction and included angle of composite particles on the discharge of binary mixtures in hoppers

The discharge behavior of particles is important in many industrial applications, such as in the core of a pebble bed reactor, which uses a hopper bed filled with many large particles. In this work, a mixture composed of two particle types, freely discharged from a pebble bed, is simulated using the discreteelement method. One is a spherical pebble of diameter equal to that of the fuel pebble of the reactor. The other is a composite particle comprising three spherical pebbles bonded together. The included angle of the three pebbles characterized the particle conformation, which may affect the discharge behavior of the mixture. The effects of volume fraction of the multi-sphere χ (equivalent to the number fraction) on the discharge are also analyzed. Flow patterns, number flow rate, discharge velocity, and mean force of the mixture are computed to help in revealing discharge features. The results show that increasing either or χ reduces the discharge flow rate. Fittings and correlations give a quantitative evaluation of the independent effects of and χ. The analysis of velocity and force explains the mechanism relevant to the main influencing factors and χ. The results are helpful in gaining a better understanding of the discharge feature of binary mixtures and in providing a quantitative evaluation of the discharge behavior of the reactor core, especially adverse failure conditions.
Influence of Mechanical Stratigraphy on the Deformation Evolution of Fold-Thrust Belts: Insights from the Analogue Modeling of Eastern Sichuan-Western Hunan and Hubei, South China

The eastern Sichuan-western Hunan and Hubei belt (ESWHHB) is an important fold-thrust belt in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region of China, and it is also an important area for petroleum and gas prospect in China. The influence of mechanical stratigraphy on the deformation evolution of the ESWHHB is a hot problem that has received widespread attention. However, due to the complexity of geological conditions, this issue has not been sufficiently addressed. Previews geological exploration studies show that the deformation evolution of the belt is closely related to the mechanical stratigraphy. Physical simulation has proven to be effective for studying the deformation evolution of fold-and-thrust belt. Based on the geological conditions of the ESWHHB, six groups of physical models were designed to analyze the influences of the ductile layer and overlap configuration on the structural deformation of the ESWHHB. The results show that the mechanical stratigraphy has significant control on the deformation evolution of the fold-thrust belt. The ESWHHB evolution is related to the lower viscosity of the ductile layer and the larger thickness of the ductile layer, while only gradual propagated fold-and-thrust belt can be resulted from the higher viscosity of the ductile layer and the smaller thickness of the ductile layer. Additionally, the overlap between the stratigraphy at various structural belts leads to significant differences in their mechanical properties, and it critically influences the structural patterns of the ESWHHB.
Late Cenozoic Activity of the Tashkurgan Normal Fault and Implications for the Origin of the Kongur Shan Extensional System, Eastern Pamir

In the northwest of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen, the ~250 km-long Kongur Shan extensional system in the eastern Pamir was formed during the convergence between the Indian and Asian plates. Tectonic activity of the Kongur Shan normal fault and the Tashkurgan normal fault can help to reveal the origin of east-west extension along the Kongur Shan extensional system. The Kongur Shan fault has been extensively studied, while the Tashkurgan fault calls for systemic research. In this study, low-temperature thermochronology including apatite fission track analysis and apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He analyses is applied to constrain the timing of activity of the Tashkurgan fault. Results indicate that the Tashkurgan fault initiated at 10–5 Ma, and most likely at 6–5 Ma. The footwall of the Tashkurgan fault has been exhumed at an average exhumation rate of 0.6–0.9 mm/a since the initiation of the Tashkurgan fault. Combined with previous research on the Kongur Shan fault, we believe that the origin of east-west extension along the Kongur Shan extensional system was driven by gravitational collapse of over-thickened Pamir crust.
Petrogenesis of the Granites in the Yandangshan Area, Southeastern China: Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Age and Trace Elements, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Data

New geochemical and geochronological data of two types of granites, which are located in Yandangshan area, southeastern Zhejiang Province, were presented to constrain their magma condition, origin and the genetic relationship between them. The SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of Dongshan and Hesheng granite in Yandangshan area shows that they were formed at 114±1 and 103±2 Ma, respectively. Samples from the Dongshan granite have high SiO_2 (76.4 wt.%–76.9 wt.%) and total alkaline (K_2O+Na_2O=8.35 wt.%–8.47 wt.%) contents, but low FeOT (0.89 wt.%–1.15 wt.%), MgO (0.21 wt.%–0.22 wt.%), and CaO (0.24 wt.%–0.34 wt.%) contents and high A/CNK (~1.1) values, belonging to the peraluminous and magnesian granite. The Hesheng granite has high SiO_2 (72.2 wt.%–77.5 wt.%), total alkaline (K_2O+Na_2O=8.05 wt.%–9.41 wt.%) and FeOT contents (1.20–2.06), and high A/CNK values (1.0–1.1), but low in MgO (0.12 wt.%–0.29 wt.%) and CaO (0.24 wt.%–0.34 wt.%) contents. Samples from the Hesheng granite also have high FeOT/MgO (6.9–10.0) and 10 000×Ga/Al (2.6-3.4) ratios similar to the ferroan/A-type granite. All the samples are enriched in LREE but have produced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu_(Dongshan)~*=0.45-0.47; Eu/Eu_(Hesheng)~*=0.17-0.55), Ba, Nb, and Ta, while the REE contents of the ferroan/A-type granite (Hesheng) are higher than that of the magnesian granite (Dongshan). The (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i value of the magnesian granite is slightly higher than that of the ferroan/A-type granite and its ε_(Nd)(t) value (-6.8) is lower than the latter (-6.0--5.9). In addition, the ε_(Hf)(t) value (-11.8--4.2) of magnesian granite is also lower than that of the ferroan/A-type granite (-8.3--2.0), indicating that there may be more mantle-derived components in the source area of the ferroan/A-type granite. Zircon saturation thermometer (T_(Zr)) and Ti-in-zircon thermometer (T_(Zircon)) are used to estimate the temperature of the magma source, and the results show that the magma temperature of the magnesian granite (average T_(Zr)=798 ºC; average T_(Zircon)=792 ºC) is lower than that of the ferroan/A-type granite (average T_(Zr)=862 ºC; average T_(Zircon)=859 ºC). And the oxygen fugacity of magnesian granite (ΔFMQ=1.16-3.47) are also higher than those of the ferroan/A-type granite (ΔFMQ=-0.41-1.14). Our new data indicate that both granites in this study are derived from a mixed source that consists of mantle-derived and crust-derived material. Based on the previous studies, both of the granitic plutons were formed under extension setting, and the granites transformed from magnesian to ferroan in the study area may indicate the extension was enhanced, which may be caused by the roll-back or delamination of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic slab.
股浅静脉转位建立下肢自体动静脉内瘘

下肢股浅动脉转位动静脉内瘘具有成熟率高、远期通畅率高、感染率低的特点。在上肢静脉耗竭或中心静脉闭塞的患者中,有理由将股浅静脉转位作为下肢通路的首选方案。但国内报道罕见。本文报道一例全长使用股浅静脉及胭静脉构建下肢自体动静脉内瘘用于长期维持稳定透析的病例,并做相关文献的回顾总结。
脊髓损伤中细胞焦亡的研究进展

脊髓损伤是导致年轻人残疾的常见原因之一。脊髓损伤的病理过程包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤两个过程,原发性损伤是外力直接损伤脊髓组织,导致神经细胞膜破裂,从而导致不可逆的神经细胞坏死。紧随其后的是继发性损伤,在该阶段,细胞坏死后细胞内容物迅速释放,如谷氨酸、活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、钾离子和组织蛋白酶(cathepsin B,CTSB)。这些物质外泄后会引发神经组织发生炎症以及导致细胞死亡,其中细胞死亡包括多种方式,例如自噬性死亡、程序性坏死和焦亡,但是目前尚未明确哪个起主导作用。目前研究表明焦亡在其中可能起到较为重要的作用。焦亡是一种新发现的程序性细胞死亡,伴随着多种炎症介质的产生,包括白细胞介素-1β和18(IL-1β,IL-18)。Dai等[7]发现用雷公藤红素可抑制神经细胞焦亡,显著促进大鼠脊髓损伤后后肢运动功能的恢复,并能减少大鼠脊髓损伤的空洞面积和神经元的丢失以及神经组织的炎症反应。这提示抑制焦亡可能是治疗脊髓损伤潜在性的作用靶点。笔者就脊髓损伤中细胞焦亡的研究进展综述如下。
Geometric modeling of underground ferromagnetic pipelines for magnetic dipole reconstruction-based magnetic anomaly detection

To aid the magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) of underground ferromagnetic pipelines, this paper proposes a geometric modeling method based on the magnetic dipole reconstruction method (MDRM). First, the numerical modeling of basic pipe components such as straight sections, bends and elbows, and tee joints are discussed and the relevant mathematical formulations for these components are derived. Next, after analyzing the function of MDRM and various element division strategies, the sectional division and blocked division methods are introduced and applied to the appropriate pipeline components to determine the volume and center coordinates of each element, establishing the general models for the three typical pipeline components considered. The resulting volume and center coordinates of each component are the fundamental parameters for determining the MAD forwarding of underground ferromagnetic pipelines using the MDRM. Finally, based on the combination and transformation of the basic pipeline components considered, the visualized geometric models of typical pipeline layouts including parallel pipelines, pipelines with elbows, and a pipeline with a tee joint are constructed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method of geometric modeling for the MDRM, which can be further applied to the finite element modeling of these and other components when analyzing MAD data. Furthermore, the models with output parameters proposed in this paper establish a foundation for the inversion of MAD.
Surfactant flooding: The influence of the physical properties on the recovery efficiency

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes aim at increasing the performance and operative life of oilfields while newer, greener and more efficient energy sources are developed. Among the chemical EOR techniques, surfactant flooding is one of the most well-known methods, applied mainly in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. Surfactants diminish the interfacial energy between the oleous and aqueous phases, reducing the forces responsible of the capillary trapping phenomenon and mobilizing the remaining oil. This paper presents the study of a novel two-dimensional surfactant flooding simulator for a four-component (water, petroleum, chemical, salt), two-phase (aqueous, oleous) system in porous media. It is aimed mainly at discussing the influence of the physical phenomena present in the reservoir during the recovery, namely: rock compressibility, diffusion, capillary pressure and adsorption. The system is numerically solved using a second-order finite difference method using the IMPEC (IMplicit Pressure and Explicit Concentration) scheme. The oil recovery factor was negatively affected when these phenomena were considered, being strongly sensitive to the adsorption. The other phenomena decreased the efficiency of the process to a lesser extent, whilst the capillary pressure did not affect significantly the flooding performance. The presence of salt in the reservoir rendered the adsorption process more relevant, with water-in-oil emulsions being more sensitive to the presence of this fourth component. This paper shows the importance of the design and optimization of chemical agents to be used in EOR before its field application.
Genesis and characteristics of the dolomite reservoirs in Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation, Northwest Sichuan Basin, SW China

A great breakthrough has been made on oil-gas exploration of the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwest Sichuan Basin. The further exploration shows that the dolomite reservoir is complicated with insufficient investigation. Taking the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation as an example, systematic study has been carried out on its reservoir character, mechanism and genesis of dolostone. The field and core data suggest that reservoir types of Guanwushan Formation consist of crystalline dolomite, breccia dolomite and reef dolomite, and reservoir space is characterized by intercrystal (dissolution) pores, residual pores among breccias, intragranular dissolution pores, pockets as well as fractures. Besides, pore structure is of good configuration, showing medium-low porosity and moderate permeability, with average porosity and permeability of 2.23% and 0.44mD respectively, which suggesting fracture-pore and fracture-cavity reservoir. Combined with the previous research, it is suggested that the reservoir of Guanwushan Formation was controlled by facies, dolomitization and two-step karstification, with reef-shoal facies being material base for reservoir development, early dolomitization being key factor for reservoir space preservation, polyphase karstification being foundation for reservoir development and tectogenesis finally finalizing the reservoir.
Establishment of adult right ventricle failure in ovine using a graded, animal-specific pulmonary artery constriction model

Background: Right ventricle failure (RVF) is associated with serious cardiac and pulmonary diseases that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients. Currently, the mechanisms of RVF are not fully understood and it is partly due to the lack of large animal models in adult RVF. In this study, we aim to establish a model of RVF in adult ovine and examine the structure and function relations in the RV. Methods: RV pressure overload was induced in adult male sheep by revised pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Briefly, an adjustable hydraulic occluder was placed around the main pulmonary artery trunk. Then, repeated saline injection was performed at weeks 0, 1, and 4, where the amount of saline was determined in an animal-specific manner. Healthy, age-matched male sheep were used as additional controls. Echocardiography was performed bi-weekly and on week 11 post-PAC, hemodynamic and biological measurements were obtained. Results: This PAC methodology resulted in a marked increase in RV systolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indicating signs of RVF. Significant increases in RV chamber size, wall thickness, and Fulton's index were observed. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation (particularly type III collagen) were evident, and these structural changes were correlated with RV dysfunction. Conclusion: In summary, the animal-specific, repeated PAC provided a robust approach to induce adult RVF, and this ovine model will offer a useful tool to study the progression and treatment of adult RVF that is translatable to human diseases.
Efficacy and safety of degarelix in patients with prostate cancer: Results from a phase III study in China

Objective: To establish non-inferiority of gonadotropin-releasing hormone degarelix compared with goserelin in suppressing and maintaining castrate testosterone levels from Day 28 to Day 364 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. Methods: This is an open-label, multi-centre study in which men aged ≥18 years were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to once-a-month subcutaneous injection of either degarelix (240/80 mg) or goserelin (3.6 mg) for 12 months. The primary endpoint was difference in 1-year cumulative probability of suppressing testosterone to ≤0.5 ng/mL. Non-inferiority was to be established if the lower 95% confidence interval (CI) limit for difference in cumulative probability between the treatment arms was greater than -10%. Secondary endpoints included cumulative probability of prostate-specific-antigen-progression-free-survival (PSA-PFS). Safety was also assessed. Results: Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar between degarelix (nZ142) and goserelin (nZ141) treatment arms. The difference in cumulative probability of maintaining castrate levels from Day 28e364 was 3.6% (95% CI:-1.5%, 8.7%), demonstrating non-inferiority of degarelix. The cumulative probability of PSA-PFS at Day 364 was higher for degarelix (82.3%, 95% CI: 74.7%, 87.7%) versus goserelin (71.7%, 95% CI: 63.2%, 78.5%, pZ0.038). Adverse events (AEs) were similar between treatment arms, except for more injection site reactions with degarelix versus goserelin. Four (2.8%) and nine (6.4%) patients discontinued due to AEs in degarelix and goserelin groups, respectively. Conclusion: Degarelix was non-inferior to goserelin in achieving and maintaining testosterone suppression at castrate levels during 1-year treatment. PSA-PFS was significantly higher with degarelix, suggesting improved disease control. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Science and Prediction of Heavy Rainfall over China:Research Progress since the Reform and Opening-Up of New China

This paper reviews the major progress on development of the science and prediction of heavy rainfall over China since the beginning of the reform and opening-up of new China(roughly between 1980 and 2019).The progress of research on the physical mechanisms of heavy rainfall over China is summarized from three perspectives:1)the relevant synoptic weather systems,2)heavy rainfall in major sub-regions of China,and 3)heavy rainfall induced by typhoons.The development and application of forecasting techniques for heavy rainfall are summarized in terms of numerical weather prediction techniques and objective forecasting methods.Greatly aided by the rapid progress in meteorological observing technology and substantial improvement in electronic computing,studies of heavy rainfall in China have advanced to investigating the evolution of heavy-rain-producing storms and observational analysis of the cloud microphysical features.A deeper and more systematic understanding of the synoptic systems of importance to the production of heavy rainfall has also been developed.Operational forecast of heavy rainfall in China has changed from subjective weather event forecasts to a combination of both subjective and objective quantitative precipitation forecasts,and is now advancing toward probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts with the provision of forecast uncertainty information.