mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Superior aggregation,morphology and photovoltaic performance enabled by fine tuning of fused electron-deficient units in polymer donors

Copolymerization of an electron-rich donor (D) unit with an electron-deficient acceptor (A) unit to construct efficient D-p-A-p type donors is an effective strategy for organic solar cell applications.The electron-deficient unit fusion,endows extended p-conjugation plane and insures excellent photoelectronic property,has great advantages to build A moiety and gradually receives considerable attention.In this work,we adopt benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene and benzopyrazine (BP),benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzoselenadiazole (BS) to cleverly construct a series of fused A units with different electrondeficient ability,and further synthesize three polymer donors PBDP-BP,PBDP-BT,and PBDP-BS,respectively.The relationships between structure and performance were systematically investigated.PBDPBT shows a moderate aggregation behavior in both solution and film,and the highest hole mobility among the three polymers.After blending with Y6,the PBDP-BT:Y6-based film has the strongest absorption,favorable compatibility,superior crystallinity,and uniform phase separation morphology compared with PBDP-BP or PBDP-BS based blend films.Thus,the device based on PBDP-BT:Y6 has the highest and balanced charge mobility,suppressive recombination,reduced energy loss and achieves an outstanding PCE of 15.14%,which is superior to PBDP-BP:Y6 (8.55%) and PBDP-BS:Y6 (6.85%).These results provide learnable guidelines for future fused electron-deficient unit-based donor design for photovoltaic application.
Lithiophilicity:The key to efficient lithium metal anodes for lithium batteries

Lithium metal anode of lithium batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,has been considered the anode for next-generation batteries with desired high energy densities due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g~(-1)) and low standards electrode potential (~3.04 V vs.SHE).However,the highly reactive nature of metallic lithium and its direct contact with the electrolyte could lead to severe chemical reactions,leading to the continuous consumption of the electrolyte and a reduction in the cycle life and Coulombic efficiency.In addition,the solid electrolyte interface formed during battery cycling is mainly inorganic,which is too fragile to withstand the extreme volume change during the plating and stripping of lithium.The uneven flux of lithium ions could lead to excessive lithium deposition at local points,resulting in needle-like lithium dendrites,which could pierce the separator and cause short circuits,battery failure,and safety issues.In the last five years,tremendous efforts have been dedicated to addressing these issues,and the most successful improvements have been related to lithiophilicity optimizations.Thus,this paper comprehensively reviewed the lithiophilicity regulation in lithium metal anode modifications and highlighted the vital effect of lithiophilicity.The remaining challenges faced by the lithiophilicity optimization for lithium metal anodes are discussed with the proposed research directions for overcoming the technical challenges in this subject.
Dimensionality regulation in tin halide perovskite solar cells:Toward high performance and stability

Tin halide perovskites (THPs) have received extensive attention due to their low toxicity and excellent optoelectronic properties,and are considered to be the most promising alternatives to develop efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells.However,due to the unique and inherent characteristics of Sn~(2+) being easily oxidized to Sn~(4+) and fast crystallization,tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) show relatively poor performance and stability,compared to the lead counterparts.Recently,the introduction of bulky organic spacers into three-dimensional (3D) THPs for dimensional regulation can not only prevent the intrusion of water and oxygen,but also inhibit the self-doping effect and ion migration.In this review,we will detail how dimensional regulation enables TPSCs with high performance and superior stability.First,we summarize the intrinsic properties of THPs and analyze the root causes of their poor performance and instability.Next,we discuss the specific structure and types of the dimensional regulation strategy.Then,the mechanism of dimensional regulation is discussed in detail,mainly from inhibiting the Sn~(2+) oxidation,optimizing crystallization,passivating defects,and improving energy level alignment.Finally,future challenges and prospects for dimensional regulation are elaborated to help researchers develop more efficient and stable TPSCs.
High efficiency CZTSSe solar cells enabled by dual Ag-passivation approach via aqueous solution process

Ag substitution in Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4 (CZTSSe) is a promising way to mitigate Cu/Zn related defects,electrostatic fluctuations and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination centers.However,high performance ACZTSSe solar cells are generally demonstrated with more Ag amounts and strenuous fabrication processes,which are not ideal when using cheap constituent materials CZTSSe.To reduce the Ag amount (2%-3%),local Ag substitutions into CZTSSe at front (F),back (B) and dual front/back (FB) were proposed.Experimental results revealed that F-passivation effectively reduced the Cu/Zn related defects and further limits the interface/bulk recombination whereas B-passivation improved the grain growth at the back interface and further allows enhanced transport of charge carriers.By employing the dual Agpassivation approach,the final ACZTSSe device parameters were significantly improved and remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.43% was achieved with eco-friendly aqueous solution process.
Simultaneous generation of electricity,ethylene and decomposition of nitrous oxide via protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor

Ethylene,one of the most widely produced building blocks in the petrochemical industry,has received intense attention.Ethylene production,using electrochemical hydrogen pump-facilitated nonoxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (NDE) to ethylene,is an emerging and promising route,promoting the transformation of the ethylene industry from energy-intensive steam cracking process to new electrochemical membrane reactor technology.In this work,the NDE reaction is incorporated into a BaZr_(0.1)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.1)Yb_(0.1)O_(3-δ) electrolyte-supported protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor to co-generate electricity and ethylene,utilizing the Nb and Cu doped perovskite oxide Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Nb_(0.1)Cu_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(PSFNCu) as anode catalytic layer.Due to the doping of Nb and Cu,PSFNCu was endowed with high reduction tolerance and rich oxygen vacancies,showing excellent NDE catalytic performance.The maximum power density of the assembled reactor reaches 200 mW cm~(-2) at 750 ℃,with high ethane conversion (44.9%) and ethylene selectivity (92.7%).Moreover,the nitrous oxide decomposition was first coupled in the protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor to consume the permeated protons.As a result,the generation of electricity,ethylene and decomposition of nitrous oxide can be simultaneously obtained by a single reactor.Specifically,the maximum power density of the cell reaches 208 mW cm~(-2) at 750 ℃,with high ethane conversion (45.2%),ethylene selectivity (92.5%),and nitrous oxide conversion (19.0%).This multi-win technology is promising for not only the production of chemicals and energy but also greenhouse gas reduction.
Strong internal electric field enhanced polysulfide trapping and ameliorates redox kinetics for lithium-sulfur battery

The shuttle effect of polysulfides is a major challenge for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery.The systematic modification of separators has the potential to solve these problems by enhancing the adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides.Herein,strong internal electric field bismuth oxycarbonate (Bi_2O_2CO_3) nanoflowers decorated conductive carbon (DC + BOC) is proposed to be systematically modified on separator.This intermediate layer not only possesses a strong affinity for polysulfides,but also promotes the conversion of polysulfides and induces the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer,thereby improving the rate performance and cycling stability of the battery.As expected,the modified membrane achieved a high specific capacity of 713 mA h g~(-1) at 5 C.At 1 C,high reversibility of 719 mA h g~(-1) was achieved after 550 cycles with only 0.044% decay per cycle.More importantly,under the sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm~(-2),the area specific capacity remained at 4.1 mA h cm~(-2) after 200 cycles,and the attenuation rate per cycle was only 0.056%.This work provides a new strategy to overcome the shuttle effect of polysulfide,and shows great potential in the application of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
In-depth understanding the effect of electron-withdrawing/-donating groups on the interfacial carrier dynamics in naphthalimide-treated perovskite solar cells

Surface defect passivation of perovskite films through chemical interaction between specific functional groups and defects has been proven to be an effective technique for enhancing the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).However,an in-depth understanding of how these passivation materials affect the intrinsic nature of charge-carrier transfer kinetics in PSCs remains shielded so far.Herein,we have designed two naphthalimide-based perovskite surface passivators having electronwithdrawing (-CF_3,NSF) or electron-donating (-CH_3,NSC) substituents for use in PSCs.Transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) measurements confirmed how the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups can efficiently turn the hot carriers (HCs) cooling and injection,and interface recombination in the device.We found that NSC-passivated perovskite samples exhibit faster hot-carriers (HCs) injection from the perovskite layer into carrier transport layers before cooling to the crystal lattice compared with the NSF-based and control ones with the order:NSC >NSF >control.Fast HCs injection is advantageous to minimize the charge-carriers recombination and improve PSCs performance.The carrier lifetime in NSCtreated device measured by nanosecond TA exhibits nearly ~2 times longer than that of NSF-based device,which demonstrates the decreased charge-carrier recombination in NSC-treated device.As expected,the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the NSC-treated PSCs is improved to 23.04% compared with that of the device treated with NSF (21.81%).Our findings provide invaluable guide for developing highly efficient passivators to further boost PSCs photovoltaic performance.
Rational construction of Ag@MIL-88B(V)-derived hierarchical porous Ag-V_2O_5 heterostructures with enhanced diffusion kinetics and cycling stability for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

With the advantages of the multiple oxidation states and highly open crystal structures,vanadium-based composites have been considered as the promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs).However,the inherent inferior electrical conductivity,low specific surface area,and sluggish Zn~(2+) diffusion kinetics of the traditional vanadium-based oxides have greatly impeded their development.Herein,a novel hierarchical porous spindle-shaped Ag-V_2O_5 with unique heterostructures was rationally designed via a simple MOF-assisted synthetic method and applied as stable cathode for aqueous ZIBs.The high specific surface area and hierarchically porous superstructures endowed Ag-V_2O_5 with sufficient electrochemical active sites and shortened the diffusion pathways of Zn~(2+),which was beneficial to accelerate the reversible transport of Zn~(2+) and deliver a high specific capacity (426 mA h g~(-1) at 0.1 A g~(-1) and 96.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles).Meanwhile,the self-built-in electric fields at the heterointerface of Ag-V_2O_5 electrode could strengthen the synergistic coupling interaction between Ag and V_2O_5,which can effectively enhance the electric conductivity and maintain the structural integrity,resulting in superb rate capability (326.1 mA h g~(-1) at 5.0 A g~(-1)) and remarkable cycling stability (89.7% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g~(-1)).Moreover,the reversible Zn~(2+) storage mechanism was further investigated and elucidated by kinetics analysis and DFT calculations.
Diluent decomposition-assisted formation of LiF-rich solid-electrolyte interfaces enables high-energy Li-metal batteries

Passivation by the inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI),especially the LiF-rich SEI,is highly desirable to guarantee the durable lifespan of Li metal batteries (LMBs).Here,we report a diluent with the capability to facilitate the formation of LiF-rich SEI while avoiding the excess consumption of Li salts.Dissimilar to most of reported inert diluents,heptafluoro-1-methoxypropane (HM) is firstly demonstrated to cooperate with the decomposition of anions to generate LiF-rich SEI via releasing Fcontaining species near Li surface.The designed electrolyte consisting of 1.8 M LiFSI in the mixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)/HM (2:1 by vol.) achieves excellent compatibility with both Li metal anodes (Coulombic efficiency ~99.8%) and high-voltage cathodes (4.4 V LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_2 (NMC811) and 4.5 V LiCoO_2 (LCO) vs Li~+/Li).The 4.4 V Li (20 μm)||NMC811 (2.5 mA h cm~(-2)) and 4.5 V Li (20 μm)||LCO (2.5 mA h cm~(-2)) cells achieve capacity retentions of 80% over 560 cycles and 80% over 505 cycles,respectively.Meanwhile,the anode-free pouch cell delivers an energy density of ~293 W h kg~(-1) initially and retains 70% of capacity after 100 deep cycles. This work highlights the critical impact of diluent on the SEI formation, and opens up a new direction for designing desirable interfacial chemistries to enable high-performance LMBs.
Improving the electrochemical performance of α-MoO_3 electrode using aluminium trifluoromethanesulfonate water-in-salt electrolyte

Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (a-MoO_3) electrode material experiences severe capacity fading and poor cycling stability in aqueous electrolytes.We investigated the charge-storage performance of α-MoO_3 electrode in aluminium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Al(OTf)3)-based salt-in-water electrolyte (SiWE) and water-in-salt electrolyte (WiSE).It was found that α-MoO_3 electrode exhibits significantly different cycling stabilities in both electrolytes with capacity retentions of 8% using the former and 87% using the latter.This is because α-MoO_3 electrode maintains its crystal structure upon cycling in WiSE,but experiences substantial structural collapses and partial dissolution upon cycling in SiWE.This behaviour was inferred from both operando electrogravimetry and ex situ analyses.Research results suggest that the predominant charge-storage mechanism in α-MoO_3 electrode using WiSE is the intercalation of protons produced from electrolyte hydrolysis with some contribution from surface pseudocapacitance enabled by Al~(3+) ions.A two-volt full cell fabricated from α-MoO_3 electrode as anode and copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) electrode as cathode using WiSE delivers volumetric and gravimetric energies of 10.4 Wh/L and 26.5 Wh/kg,respectively,with 78% capacity retention after 2500 cycles.This study provides an insightful understanding of the electrochemical performance of α-MoO_3 electrode in Al(OTf)_3-based electrolytes.
Hybrid solid electrolyte interphases formed in conventional carbonate electrolyte enable high-voltage and ultra-stable magnesium metal batteries

Magnesium metal batteries are considered as viable alternatives of lithium-ion batteries for their low cost and high capacity of magnesium.Nevertheless,the practical application of magnesium metal batteries is extremely challenging due to a lack of suitable electrolyte that can stabilize magnesium metal anode and high-voltage cathode simultaneously.Herein,we found that in-situ formed lithium/magnesium hybrid electrolyte interphases in conventional LiPF_6-containing carbonate-based electrolyte can not only prevent the production of passivation layer on the magnesium metal anode,but also inhibit the oxidation of the electrolyte under high voltage.The symmetric magnesium||magnesium battery can achieve reversible stripping/plating for 1600 and 600 h at 0.02 and 0.1 mA cm~(-2),respectively.In addition,when coupled with a carbon fiber cathode,the magnesium metal battery exhibited a capacity retention rate of 96.3% for 1000 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g~(-1) and presented a working voltage of ~3.1 V.This research paves a new and promising path to the commercialization process of rechargeable magnesium metal batteries.
Comparison and integration of CuInGaSe and perovskite solar cells

The rapidly developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide a new and promising choice of thin film solar cells due to their attractive attributes.Among the commercialized thin film solar cells,CuInGaSe (CIGS) cells demonstrate higher efficiency than amorphous Si photovoltaic devices and lower toxicity than CdTe cells.Therefore,a wide variety of studies have been conducted on them.Here,we elucidate CIGS materials and perovskites as absorber in thin film solar cells in terms of structure and optoelectronic properties.Furthermore,a comparison of PSCs and commercialized CIGS cells is made from the point of view of fabrication process,stability,and toxicity.In addition,the integration of CIGS devices and PSCs is elaborated based on tandem architecture.Finally,prospects for the advancement of CIGS cells and PSCs are discussed.
Overdischarge-induced evolution of Cu dendrites and degradation of mechanical properties in lithium-ion batteries

The degradation of mechanical properties of overdischarge battery materials manifests as a significant effect on the energy density,safety,and cycle life of the batteries.However,establishing the correlation between depth of overdischarge and mechanical properties is still a significant challenge.Studying the correlation between depth of overdischarge and mechanical properties is of great significance to improving the energy density and the ability to resist abuse of the batteries.In this paper,the mechanical properties of the battery materials during the whole process of overdischarge from discharge to complete failure were studied.The effects of depth of overdischarge on the elastic modulus and hardness of the cathode of the battery,the tensile strength and the thermal shrinkage rate of the separator,and the performance of binder were investigated.The precipitation of Cu dendrites on the separator and cathode after dissolution of anode copper foil is a key factor affecting the performance of battery materials.The Cu dendrites attached to the cathode penetrate the separator,causing irreversible damage to the coating and base film of the separator,which leads to a sharp decline in the tensile strength,thermal shrinkage rate and other properties of the separator.In addition,the Cu dendrites wrapping the cathode active particles reduce the adhesion of the active particles binder.Meanwhile,the active particles are damaged,resulting in a significant decrease in the elastic modulus and hardness of the cathode.
A Simplified Method for Estimating the Initial Stiffness of Monopile-Soil Interaction Under Lateral Loads in Offshore Wind Turbine Systems

The interface mechanical behavior of a monopile is an important component of the overall offshore wind turbine structure design. Understanding the soil-structure interaction, particularly the initial soil-structure stiffness, has a significant impact on the study of natural frequency and dynamic response of the monopile. In this paper, a simplified method for estimating the interface mechanical behavior of monopiles under initial lateral loads is proposed. Depending on the principle of minimum potential energy and virtual work theory, the functions of soil reaction components at the interface of monopiles are derived; MATLAB programming has been used to simplify the functions of the initial stiffness by fitting a large number of examples; then the functions are validated against the field test data and FDM results. This method can modify the modulus of the subgrade reaction in the p-y curve method for the monopile-supported offshore wind turbine system.
Stress combination: When two negatives may become antagonistic, synergistic or additive for plants?

Plants in their natural environment are constantly subjected to various abiotic and biotic stressors and, therefore, have developed several defense mechanisms to maintain fitness. Stress responses are intricate and require various physiological, biochemical, and cellular changes in plants. The reaction mechanisms in plants subjected to drought, salinity, or heat stress alone have been explained in numerous studies. However, the field conditions are significantly different from the controlled laboratory conditions. In the field, crops or plants are simultaneously exposed to two or more abiotic and/or biotic stress conditions, such as a combination of salinity and heat, drought and cold, or any of the abiotic stresses combined with pathogen infection. Studies have shown that plants’ reactions to combinations of more than two stress factors are distinct and cannot be explicitly deduced from their responses to different stresses when applied separately. Therefore, additional research is needed to understand the complete mechanism of plant responses to stress by analyzing data between single stress and multiple stress responses. This review aims to provide an overview of current research on plant responses to a combination of various stress conditions and their influence on the metabolic, transcriptional, and physiological characteristics of plants.
Time-Domain Response-Based Structural Analysis on a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

As the turbine blade size becomes larger for economic power production,the coupling effect between wind turbine and floating substructure becomes important in structural assessment.Due to unsteady turbulent wind environment and corresponding coupled substructure response,time-domain analysis is required by international electrotechnical commission and class societies.Even though there are a few numerical tools available for the time domain structural analysis based on conventional coupled motion analysis with wind turbine,the application of conventional time domain analysis is impractical and inefficient for structural engineers and hull designers to perform structural strength and fatigue assessment for the required large number of design load cases since it takes huge simulation time and computational resources.Present paper introduces an efficient time-domain structural analysis practically applicable to buckling and ultimate strength assessment.Present method is based on ‘lodal' response analysis and pseudo-spectral stress synthesizing technique,which makes timedomain structural analysis efficient and practical enough to be performed even in personal computing system.Practical buckling assessment methodology is also introduced applicable to the time-domain structural analyses.For application of present method,a 15-MW floating offshore wind turbine platform designed for Korean offshore wind farm projects is applied.Based on full-blown time domain structural analysis for governing design load cases,buckling and ultimate strength assessments are performed for the extreme design environments,and the class rule provided by Korean Register is checked.