mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2: Potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs, occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.
甲母痣恶变恶性黑色素瘤一例

黑色素瘤是一种恶性程度较高的恶性肿瘤,近年来发病率与死亡率均呈现上升趋势,属于较难有效治疗的恶性肿瘤之一,强调早期诊断,澳大利亚癌症委员会/新西兰卫生部(NHMRC)更是指出“早期诊断即为挽救生命”。其在肢端发病率较低,且以足底较多见,发生于手指较少见,且以拇指多见。甲母痣目前尚无有效治疗方法,建议患者定期随访,当出现色素痣短时间扩大、颜色加深,甲板剥脱、溃疡和出血,皮损形状不对称的病变时应高度警惕恶变可能,及时行病理检查,明确诊断,指导治疗,判断预后。该患者来我院2年前甲板黑色加深、范围扩大;1年前出现甲板脱落,甲周皮肤有破溃;两次变化可能均已发生恶变,患者本人及当地医生均未引起重视,延误治疗。
掌指关节绞锁合并异常籽骨一例

掌指关节绞锁(Locked Metacarpophalangeal Joints)常由关节周围骨突所致,通常可通过手法复位解锁,本例是因异常籽骨需手术解锁的掌指关节绞锁。临床上发生的掌指关节绞锁通常为关节的屈曲畸形,而近、远指间关节功能正常。病因以侧副韧带或副侧副韧带被掌骨头桡侧髁或其周围增生骨赘卡住最为多见,少数可由籽骨嵌顿导致。缩窄性腱鞘炎也表现为掌指关节的屈曲畸形,但远或近指间关节无法主动伸直,且病因为肌腱绞锁。本例患者左示指掌指关节屈曲畸形、被动伸直受限,但掌指关节屈曲和两指间关节的屈伸运动正常,因此可排除缩窄性腱鞘炎。Yagi等对12例因周围骨突致掌指关节绞锁的患者行上述手法复位治疗,均获得成功。本例患者虽然临床确诊掌指关节绞锁,但其病因是关节内巨大籽骨嵌顿,因此多次尝试手法复位后仍失败。对于掌指关节绞锁,术前影像学检查若发现关节内存在较大籽骨,则不宜多次手法复位,而应尽早手术切除籽骨,避免增加患者不必要的疼痛体验。
Importance of PbI_2 morphology in two-step deposition of CH_3NH_3PbI_3 for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Controlling the morphology of the perovskite film is an effective way to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell devices. In this work, we study the influence of the crystallization condition on PbI_2 morphology and the performances of resulting perovskite solar cells. The PbI_2 morphologies and coverage rates under different formation conditions such as solvent effect, slow crystallization at room temperature and substrate-preheating, are found to be of crucial importance for preparing high-quality perovskite. The generation of loosely packed disk-like PbI_2 film with interpenetrating nanopores promotes the penetration of methyl ammonium iodide(MAI), leading to a better crystallinity of the perovskite film, and a best repeatable power conversion efficiency of 11.59% is achieved when methyl ammonium lead triiodide(CH_3NH_3PbI_3, MAPbI_3) is employed. In addition, an excellent device is also obtained with an efficiency of more than 93% to remain after working for 43 days.
Modeling of LiFePO4 battery open circuit voltage hysteresis based on recursive discrete Preisach model

This paper focuses on the modeling of LiFePO4 battery open circuit voltage(OCV) hysteresis. There exists obvious hysteresis in LiFePO4 battery OCV, which makes it complicated to model the LiFePO4 battery. In this paper, the recursive discrete Preisach model(RDPM) is applied to the modeling of LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis. The theory of RDPM is illustrated in detail and the RDPM on LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis modeling is verified in experiment. The robust of RDPM under different working conditions are also demonstrated in simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis modeling when the battery OCV characteristic changes, which conduces to the online state estimation of LiFePO4 battery.
A dual-axis, high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer

Atomic magnetometer(AM) operated in a spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF) regime features superior sensitivity and non-cryogenic operation, and thus is competitive with the best superconducting quantum interference devices. Previously, SERF AM with fT/Hz~(1/2) level sensitivity commonly acted as a single-axis sensor. Here we demonstrate a dual-axis SERF AM capable of simultaneously and independently detecting x- and y-field components with a sensitivity of 20 fT/Hz~(1/2). As there is no necessity to worry about the cross-talk effects arising from field modulations, the dual-axis scheme proposed here is of particular interest to AM array and hence the biomagnetic applications.
Thermal transport in twisted few-layer graphene

Twisted graphene possesses unique electronic properties and applications, which have been studied extensively. Recently, the phonon properties of twisted graphene have received a great deal of attention. To the best of our knowledge, thermal transports in twisted graphene have been investigated little to date. Here, we study perpendicular and parallel transports in twisted few-layer graphene (T-FLG). It is found that perpendicular and parallel transports are both sensitive to the rotation angle θ between layers. When θ increases from 0° to 60°, perpendicular thermal conductivity k_⊥ first decreases and then increases, and the transition angle is θ = 30°. For the parallel transport, the relation between thermal conductivity k_‖ and θ is complicated, because intra-layer thermal transport is more sensitive to the edge of layer than their stacking forms. However, the dependence of interlayer scattering on θ is similar to that of k_⊥. In addition, the effect of layer number on the thermal transport is discussed. Our results may provide references for designing the devices of thermal insulation and thermal management based on graphene.
Tunneling dynamics of a few bosons with both two- and three-body interactions in a double-well potential

We investigate the tunneling dynamics of a few bosons with both two- and three-body interactions in a doublewell potential. Uncorrelated tunneling of Rabi oscillation with the minimum period can happen only when the two- and three-body interactions satisfy a critical condition, i.e., the effective interaction energy is minimized. When the atomic interactions are slightly away from the critical condition in the weak interaction regime, the uncorrelated tunneling exhibits collapse-revival character. When the atomic interactions are strong and far away from the critical condition, the correlated tunneling with Rabi oscillation occurs. The tunneling period (the period of collapse-revival) increases (decreases) when the rate between the two-body and three-body interactions is away from the corresponding critical condition or when the number of bosons increases. Further, the tunneling properties are understood with the help of the energy spectrum of the system. Eventually, the effect of the initial configuration on the tunneling dynamics of a few bosons for both odd and even numbers of bosons is studied, which results in intriguing consequences.
Improvement in IBC-silicon solar cell performance by insertion of highly doped crystalline layer at heterojunction interfaces

By inserting a thin highly doped crystalline silicon layer between the base region and amorphous silicon layer in an interdigitated back-contact (IBC) silicon solar cell, a new passivation layer is investigated. The passivation layer performance is characterized by numerical simulations. Moreover, the dependence of the output parameters of the solar cell on the additional layer parameters (doping concentration and thickness) is studied. By optimizing the additional passivation layer in terms of doping concentration and thickness, the power conversion efficiency could be improved by a factor of 2.5%, open circuit voltage is increased by 30 mV and the fill factor of the solar cell by 7.4%. The performance enhancement is achieved due to the decrease of recombination rate, a decrease in solar cell resistivity and improvement of field effect passivation at heterojunction interface. The above-mentioned results are compared with reported results of the same conventional interdigitated back-contact silicon solar cell structure. Furthermore, the effect of a-Si:H/c-Si interface defect density on IBC silicon solar cell parameters with a new passivation layer is studied. The additional passivation layer also reduces the sensitivity of output parameter of solar cell to interface defect density.
First-principles analysis of the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of cubic organic-inorganic perovskite HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3

The structural, electronic, and elastic properties of cubic HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 perovskite are investigated by density functional theory using the Tkatchenko-Scheffler pairwise dispersion scheme. Our relaxed lattice parameters are in agreement with experimental data. The hydrogen bonding between NH_2 and I ions is found to have a crucial role in FAPbI_3 stability. The first calculated band structure shows that HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 has a direct bandgap (1.02 eV) at R-point, lower than the bandgap (1.53 eV) of CH_3NH_3PbI_3. The calculated density of states reveals that the strong hybridization of s(Pb)- p(I) orbital in valence band maximum plays an important role in the structural stability. The photo-generated effective electron mass and hole mass at R-point along the R-G and R-M directions are estimated to be smaller: m* e = 0.06m0 and m* h = 0.08m0 respectively, which are consistent with the values experimentally observed from long range photocarrier transport. The elastic properties are also investigated for the first time, which shows that HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 is mechanically stable and ductile and has weaker strength of the average chemical bond. This work sheds light on the understanding of applications of HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 as the perovskite in a planar-heterojunction solar cell light absorber fabricated on flexible polymer substrates.
Performance of thermoelectric generator with graphene nanofluid cooling

Improvement of the heat transfer of the cold side is one of the approaches to enhance the performance of TEG systems. As a new type of heat transfer media, nanofluids can enhance the heat transfer performance of working liquid significantly. Based on a three-dimensional and steady-state numerical model,the heat transfer and thermoelectric conversion properties of TEG systems were studied. Graphene anoplatelet aqueous nanofluids were used as the coolants for the cold side of the TEG system to improve the heat transfer capacity of the cold side. The results showed that the heat absorbed by the hot side, voltage, output power, and conversion efficiency of the TEG system were increased greatly by the nanofluid coolants. The output power and the conversion efficiency using 0.1-wt% graphene nanoplatelet aqueous nanofluid as the coolant are enhanced by 26.39% and 14.74%, respectively.
Structural evolution study of additions of Sb_2S_3 and CdS into GeS_2 chalcogenide glass by Raman spectroscopy

The structures of pseudo-binary GeS_2-Sb_2S_3, GeS_2-CdS, Sb_2S_3-CdS, and pseudo-ternary GeS_2-Sb_2S_3-CdS chalcogenide systems are systematically investigated by Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that a small number of [S_3Ge-GeS_3] structural units (SUs) and -S-S-/S8 groups exist simultaneously in GeS_2 glass which has a three-dimensional continuous network backbone consisting of cross-linked corner-sharing and edge-sharing [GeS_4] tetrahedra. When Sb_2S_3 is added into GeS_2 glass, the network backbone becomes interconnected [GeS_4] tetrahedra and [SbS_3] pyramids. Moreover, Ge atoms in [S_3Ge-GeS_3] SUs tend to capture S atoms from Sb_2S_3, leading to the formation of [S_2Sb-SbS_2] SUs. When CdS is added into GeS_2 glass, [Cd_4GeS_6] polyhedra are formed, resulting in a strong crystallization tendency. In addition, Ge atoms in [S_3Ge-GeS_3] SUs tend to capture S atoms from CdS, resulting in the dissolution of Ge-Ge bond. Co-melting of Sb_2S_3 or CdS with GeS_2 reduces the viscosity of the melt and improves the homogeneity of the glass. The GeS_2 glass can only dissolve up to 10-mol% CdS without crystallization. In comparison, GeS_2-Sb_2S_3 glasses can dissolve up to 20-mol% CdS, implying that Sb_2S_3 could delay the construction of [Cd_4GeS_6] polyhedron and increase the dissolving amount of CdS in the glass.
Near-field characteristics of highly non-paraxial subwavelength optical fields with hybrid states of polarization

The vectorial structure of an optical field with hybrid states of polarization (SoP) in the near-field is studied by using the angular spectrum method of an electromagnetic beam. Physical images of the longitudinal components of evanescent waves are illustrated and compared with those of the transverse components from the vectorial structure. Our results indicate that the relative weight integrated over the transverse plane of the evanescent wave depends strongly on the number of the polarization topological charges. The shapes of the intensity profiles of the longitudinal components are different from those of the transverse components, and it can be manipulated by changing the initial SoP of the field cross-section. The longitudinal component of evanescent wave dominates the near-field region. In addition, it also leads to three-dimensional shape variations of the optical field and the optical spin angular momentum flux density distributions.
Photodetachment dynamics of H~- ion in a harmonic potential plus a time-dependent oscillating electric field

The photodetachment dynamics of H~- ion in a harmonic potential plus an oscillating electric field is studied using the time-dependent closed orbit theory. An analytical formula for calculating the photodetachment cross section of this system is put forward. It is found that the photodetachment cross section of this system is nearly unaffected for the weak oscillating electric field strength, but oscillates complicatedly when the oscillating electric field strength turns strong. In addition, the frequency of the harmonic potential and the oscillating electric field (the frequency of the harmonic potential and the frequency of the oscillating electric field are the same in the paper, unless otherwise stated.) can also affect the photodetachment dynamics of this system. With the increase of the frequency in the harmonic potential and the oscillating electric field, the number of the closed orbits for the detached electrons increased, which makes the oscillatory structure in the photodetachment cross section much more complex. Our study presents an intuitive understanding of the photodetachment dynamics driven by a harmonic potential plus an oscillating electric field from a space and time dependent viewpoint. This study is very useful in guiding the future experimental research for the photodetachment dynamics in the electric field both changing with space and time.
Activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway: a potential response to long-term neuronal loss in the hippocampus after sepsis

Survivors of sepsis may suffer chronic cognitive impairment as a long-term sequela. However, the precise mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after sepsis are not well understood. We employed the cecal ligation-and-puncture-induced septic mouse model. We observed elevated phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70S6K on days 14 and 60, progressive neuronal loss in the cornu ammonis 1 region, and abnormal neuronal morphology in the hippocampus in the sepsis mouse model. These findings indicate that changes in neuronal morphology and number in the hippocampus after sepsis were associated with strong activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and may reflect a "self-rescuing" feedback response to neuronal loss after sepsis.
喉癌与下咽癌同时性多原发癌2例

多原发癌(multiple primary carcinoma,MPC)是指两种或两种以上原发恶性肿瘤发生在一个患者的相同器官或不同器官,分为同时性多原发癌(多种恶性肿瘤同时发生或发生间隔≤6个月)和异时性多原发癌(多种恶性肿瘤的发生间隔>6个月)。在临床工作中,同时性多原发癌的发生易与转移癌相混淆,但其治疗方法和预后却截然不同。对于转移癌,属于恶性肿瘤的晚期病变,全身系统化疗是主要的姑息治疗方法,预后差,常短期内死亡。而同时性多原发癌则不同,正确诊断后通过积极的根治性综合治疗,部分患者可以得到良好的预后,达到长期存活。以往临床工作认为喉癌与下咽癌无同时性多原发癌,现仅有1篇文献报道喉癌与下咽癌异时性多原发癌3例,但近期我院先后发现2例喉癌与下咽癌同时性多原发癌,现报道如下。
Propagation characteristics of vibration waves induced in surrounding rock by tunneling blasting

The effect of blasting vibration waves on surrounding rock and supporting structures is an important field in underground engineering. In this paper, the separation variable method is used to solve the displacement potential function for the propagation of the blasting vibration waves. In the axis coordinate system, the particle motion and stress change with axial distance, radial distance and time is obtained in surrounding rock. The peak particle velocity law in surrounding rock under different blast loads and surrounding rock parameters is discussed. In addition, the particle vibration characteristics in the surrounding rock are studied using numerical simulations method. The results shows that the peak particle velocity in surrounding rock appears negative exponent attenuation with the increase of axial distance, but it appears positive and negative fluctuations in radial direction. This phenomenon is a new discovery and it has been rarely investigated before. Moreover, the peak particle velocity attenuates more quickly and intensely in the near blasting field, which means that the supporting structure in a shorter distance away from the heading face is vulnerable to the impact of blasting vibration. The attenuation of blasting vibration velocity is closely related to charge length, blasting load amplitude, attenuation index and rock elastic modulus. The numerical simulation accomplishes the same results and then demonstrates the validity of theoretical results.
GIS tools for preliminary debris-flow assessment at regional scale

The assessment of the areas endangered by debris flows is a major issue in the context of mountain watershed management. Depending on the scale of analysis, different methods are required for the assessment of the areas exposed to debris flows. While 2-D numerical models are advised for detailed mapping of inundation areas on individual alluvial fans, preliminary recognition of hazard areas at the regional scale can be adequately performed by less data-demanding methods, which enable priority ranking of channels and alluvial fans at risk by debris flows. This contribution focuses on a simple and fast procedure that has been implemented for regionalscale identification of debris-flow prone channels and prioritization of the related alluvial fans. The methodology is based on the analysis of morphometric parameters derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Potential initiation sites of debris flows are identified as the DEM cells that exceed a threshold of slope-dependent contributing area. Channel reaches corresponding to debris flows propagation, deceleration and stopping conditions are derived from thresholds of local slope. An analysis of longitudinal profiles is used for the computation of the runout distance of debris flows. Information on erosion-resistant bedrock channels and sediment availability surveyed in the field are taken into account in the applications. A set of software tools was developed and made available (https://github.com/HydrogeomorphologyTools) to facilitate the application of the procedure. This approach, which has been extensively validated by means of field checks, has been extensively applied in the eastern Italian Alps. This contribution discusses potential and limitations of the method in the frame of the management of small mountain watersheds.
Bioaccumulation and Biodegradation of Sulfamethazine in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Intensive use of sulfamethazine (SM2) in aquaculture has resulted in some detrimental effects to non-targeted organisms. In order to assess its potential ecological risk, it is crucial to have a good understanding on the bioaccumulation and biodegradation of SM_2 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The microalgae were treated with 2, 4, and 8 mg L~(–1) of sulfamethazine for 13 days, respectively, showing that the inhibition effects of sulfamethazine on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa increased progressively as the concentrations of sulfamethazine increasing from 2 to 8 mg L~(–1). The peak concentrations of sulfamethazine accumulated in C. pyrenoidosa were 0.225, 0.325, and 0.596 ng per mg FW on day 13 for three treatment groups, respectively, showing a great ability to deplete sulfamethazine from the culture media. On day 13, the percentages of biotic degradation were 48.45%, 60.21% and 69.93%, respectively. The EC_(50) of 10.05 mg L~(–1) was derived which showed no significant risk for C. pyrenoidosa with a calculated risk quotient < 1. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased progressively in response to sulfamethazine and showed a positive correlation to the treatment concentrations. The highest superoxide dismutase activity was achieved at the concentration of 8 mg L~(–1) after 2 d of exposure, which was 1.89 folds higher than that of the control. The activity of catalase has a similar pattern to that of superoxide dismutase with the maximum activity achieved at day 2, which was 3.11 folds higher compared to that of the control. In contrast to superoxide dismutase and catalase, the maximum glutathione S-transferase activity was observed at day 6, showing 2.2 folds higher than that of the control.
A case of auditory neuropathy revealed by OTOF gene mutation analysis in a junior high school girl

Objective: Congenital auditory neuropathy(AN)affects hearing and speech development. The degree of hearing difficulty in congenital AN varies as a function of pathology at the inner ear hair cell(IHC)synapses or the auditory nerve. We report a case of a Chinese girl with AN revealed by OTOF(otoferlin)gene mutation analysis who had only a mild hearing loss. Patient: A 13-year-old Chinese girl was diagnosed as having congenital AN on the basis of OTOF gene mutation analysis. She manifest a mild sensorineural hearing loss with 50% maximum monosyllable speech discrimination rate,normal DPOAEs(distortion product otoacoustic emissions)beyond ambient noise levels,only SPs(summating potentials)evoked during ECoG(electrocochleography)and absent ABRs(auditory evoked brainstem responses)bilaterally to clicks presented at 100 dBnHL. She was able to effectively communicate with others by speech reading owing to her mild hearing loss. Moreover,bilateral hearing aids helped her to communicate. Conclusions: Our patient was demonstrated to have a mutation on the OTOF gene. Nevertheless,she was able to communicate using auditory visual speech reading in spite of a mild auditory threshold elevation probably due to partial pathology at the IHC synapses or in the auditory nerve.