mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Resistivity response of coal under hydraulic fracturing with different injection rates:A laboratory study

Resistivity will have different response characteristics to the hydraulic fracture propagation process.In this work,a resistivity testing system for hydraulic fracturing specimens was established.Resistivity and acoustic emission (AE) information were jointly analysed to determine the dynamic response characteristics of resistivity during hydraulic fracture propagation.The results show that the water and fracture exert a competitive influence on the connection structure of the circuit,and there are two significant peak resistivity points in the curve,presenting a double peak therein.The peak resistivity data of the specimen with a larger fracture area are much different from the initial value.With the increase of the rate of injection,the range of variation of the highest value that can be reached with the specimen resistivity decreases.High resistivity rates or high resistivity fluctuations exhibit rapid a release of fracture energy.The fracture failure mode dominated by shear fractures makes the formation produce a "series+parallel" electrical connection structure;a calculation model of formation resistivity based on shear and tensile failure was proposed to characterize the proportion of different types of hydraulic fractures and elucidate the control effect of matrix resistivity on the electrical performance of the overall circuit structure.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for quantification of MMAEconjugated ADCs and total antibodies in cynomolgus monkey sera

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and the development, validation, and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies (tAb, antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies) in cynomolgus monkey sera. These assays were successfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of SMADC001, an MMAEconjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit, Lys (m-dPEG24)-Cit, and Val-Cit linkers. The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation between serum concentrations and the OD450 values, with R~2 at 1.000, and the dynamic range was 0.3-35.0 ng/mL and 0.2-22.0 ng/mL, respectively; the intra- and inter-assay accuracy bias% ranged from -12.2% to -5.2%, precision ranged from -12.4% to -1.4%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.6% and 8.7%, respectively. The total error was less than 20.4%. The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters, which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs, as well as in PK studies. Furthermore, these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.
Adaptive iron-based magnetic nanomaterials of high performance for biomedical applications

With unique physicochemical properties and biological effects,magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) play a crucial role in the biomedical field.In particular,magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical applications at present due to their low toxicity,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Despite the unarguable effectiveness,massive space for improving such materials' performance still needs to be filled.Recently,many efforts have been devoted to improving the preparation methods based on the materials' biosafety.Besides,researchers have successfully regulated the performance of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by changing their sizes,morphologies,compositions;or by aggregating as-synthesized MNPs in an orderly arrangement to meet various clinical requirements.The rise of cloud computing and artificial intelligence techniques provides novel ways for fast material characterization,automated data analysis,and mechanism demonstration.In this review,we summarized the studies that focused on the preparation routes and performance regulations of high-quality MNPs,and their special properties applied in biomedical detection,diagnosis,and treatment.At the same time,the future development of MNMs was also discussed.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of mitoticarrested prospermatogonia with DAZL::GFP chickens and revealing unique epigenetic reprogramming of chickens

Background: Germ cell mitotic arrest is conserved in many vertebrates, including birds, although the time of entry or exit into quiescence phase differs. Mitotic arrest is essential for the normal differentiation of male germ cells into spermatogonia and accompanies epigenetic reprogramming and meiosis inhibition from embryonic development to post-hatch. However, mitotic arrest was not well studied in chickens because of the difficulty in obtaining pure germ cells from relevant developmental stage. Results: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate transcriptional dynamics of male germ cells during mitotic arrest in DAZL::GFP chickens. Using differentially expressed gene analysis and K-means clustering to analyze cells at different developmental stages(E12, E16, and hatch), we found that metabolic and signaling pathways were regulated, and that the epigenome was reprogrammed during mitotic arrest. In particular, we found that histone H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation(by HDAC2) and DNA demethylation(by DNMT3B and HELLS) led to a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state. Furthermore, we found that global DNA demethylation occurred gradually after the onset of mitotic arrest, indicating that the epigenetic-reprogramming schedule of the chicken genome differs from that of the mammalian genome. DNA hypomethylation persisted after hatching, and methylation was slowly re-established 3 weeks later. Conclusions: We found a unique epigenetic-reprogramming schedule of mitotic-arrested chicken prospermatogonia and prolonged hypomethylation after hatching. This will provide a foundation for understanding the process of germ-cell epigenetic regulation in several species for which this process is not clearly described. Our findings on the biological processes related to sex-specific differentiation of prospermatogonia could help studying germline development in vitro more elaborately.
The optimized interface engineering of VS_2 as cathodes for high performance all-solid-state lithium-ion battery

Vanadium sulfide was first employed as a cathode for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and demonstrated superior compatibility with the solid electrolyte,in which the interface between the electrode and solid electrolyte has been optimized.Consequently,it can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in the voltage range of 1.5-3.5 V.Moreover,the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal the incomplete conversion mechanism to account for the superior electrochemical performance.Specifically,the electrode of VS_2 exhibits a large capacity of 268.1 mA h g~(-1) at 50 mA g~(-1) (rate performance).At a current density of 100 mA g~(-1),a large reversible capacity of 215 mA h g~(-1) can be maintained after 100 cycles,indicating extraordinary cycling stability,making it a promising electrode for high energy density all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
State of charge estimation by square root cubature particle filter approach with fractional order model of lithium-ion battery

In this paper,a square root cubature particle filter approach was designed to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion battery,which not only enhanced the numerical stability and guaranteed positive definiteness of the state covariance,but also increased accuracy and decreased computation quantity.Due to the fractional characteristics of the battery capacitance,a fractional order model was used to formulate the lithium-ion battery.Considering the high accuracy and easy convergence,a particle swarm optimization algorithm was utilized to identify the model parameters.The above-mentioned approach was modelled and translated into C code,which was downloaded into battery control unit of battery management system for experimental validation.Two kinds of dynamic cycles were utilized to validate the proposed approach at different temperatures,where both unscent Kalman filter and cubature Kalman filter were compared with the proposed approach.Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach has better accuracy and robustness,and fractional order model is more accurate than integer order model.Therefore,the square root cubature particle filter with fractional order model of lithium-ion battery is a good candidate to estimate the state of charge.
Interface adhesion properties characterization of sulfide electrode materials by the combination of BOLS and XPS

Although sulfide electrode materials in lithium battery systems have been intensively investigated due to their low-cost,high theoretical specific capacity,and energy density,there are few studies fousing on the adhesion properties,including the physical origin of hetero-coordination resolved interface relaxation,binding energy and the energetic behavior,and even the accurate quantitative information.In this paper,we present an approach for quantifying the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials resolved by the combination of bond order-length-strength theory (BOLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),which has enabled clarification of the interface adhesion nature.The results show that the Cu 2p,Fe 2p,and S 2p electrons of CuS and FeS_2 compounds shift negatively due to the charge polarization of the conduction electrons of the heteroatoms,while Mo 3d,Sn 3d electrons of MoS_2 and SnS_2 and the C 1s and S 2p electrons of CS compound shift positively due to the quantum trapping.It is noted that the exact interface adhesion energies of CuS is 3.42 J m~(-2),which is consistent with the calculation result.The approach can not only clarify the origin of the interface adhesion properties of sulfide electrode materials,but also derive their quantification information from atomistic sites.
Stabilizing wide-bandgap halide perovskites through hydrogen bonding

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites have emerged as promising materials for the construction of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.However,poor long-term operational stability due to the notorious photo-induced halide segregation is commonly observed.Here,we report the synthesis of stable ~1.73 eV MA-based mixed I/Br WBG perovskites by ionic liquid solvent,methylammonium acetate (MAAc).The special internal hydrogen bond (N-H···I and N-H···Br) environment in the ionic liquid MAAc solvent over traditional N,N-dimethylformamide/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent stabilizes the diffusion of halide ions.This allows the suppression of the halide segregation in the mixed I/Br WBG perovskite film,which is previously suggested to be difficult.The hydrogen bonds also enable excellent decoupling of the crystal nucleation and growth process.Finally,a champion device efficiency of 20.59% is achieved,which is one of the highest reports,with improved ambient air,heat,and light stability.
Mixed-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane toward sustainable desalination

Membrane-based separation technologies have been widely used in extracting fresh water from various water sources,including seawater,brackish water,and wastewater,to address the shortage of clean and safe water worldwide.These technologies can produce high-quality water and are highly scalable.The removal of contaminants and impurities in water by membranes largely depends on the membrane structure and pore size,which are key for selectivity.At present,polymeric membranes are dominant in industrial desalination processes,but like many other materials,they exhibit a trade-off of water permeability and salt rejection.Tremendous effort has been made to explore other membranes for improved performance in water desalination and purification.In particular,a class of membranes constructed from two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted growing interest due to their structural tunability and great potential for use in many separation processes such as desalination.To date,various strategies have been developed to fabricate 2D membranes from intrinsically nonporous nanosheets,such as graphene oxide,to tune interlayer pores and achieve better mechanical stability.As many nanoporous nanosheets can be readily synthesized,it presents a great opportunity for designing novel membranes with superior performance to improve desalination efficiency and lower their cost.
Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering)

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained a rapid development in the past two decades and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction OSC has recently approached 20%.The novel materials and device engineering are two key factors of this evolution.In this review,the device engineering,including morphology characterization and optimization,device physics,flexible and large-area OSCs,and stability of OSCs are systematically summarized.In addition,the current challenges,problems and future developments are also discussed.
Steering structural mesoporosity and working microenvironment of Fe-N-C catalysts for boosting cathodic mass transport of zinc-air batteries

Transition metal-N-C materials have considerably been demonstrated as promising catalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Zn-air batteries.Current efforts mainly focus on tailoring coordination structure and identifying active sites of metal-N-C materials for ORR,while the mass transport of metal-N-C employed in catalytic layers of working electrodes is seldom engineered.Herein,a Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst featuring high mesoporosity and abundant electrochemically accessible active sites is developed through post-loading Fe species into defective N-doped carbon support.The Fe-N-C singleatom catalyst serving as the air cathode of Zn-air battery delivers a peak power density of 189.9 mW cm~(-2),significantly larger than 114.2 mW cm~(-2) of commercial Pt/C and 162.9 mW cm~(-2) of the Fe-N-C contrast catalyst with low mesoporosity.More importantly,through adding hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles in the catalytic layer of air cathode,the peak power density of Fe-N-C single-atom catalyst is further increased to 212.3 mW cm~(-2).The increased peak power density is attributed to the enhancement of O_2 mass transport,as evidenced by a substantially decreased diffusion layer thickness that is obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Lepton and quark mixing patterns with generalized CP transformations

In this study, we modify a scenario, originally proposed by Grimus and Lavoura, in order to obtain maximal values for the atmospheric mixing angle and CP, violating the Dirac phase of the lepton sector. To achieve this, we employ CP and some discrete symmetries in a type II seesaw model. To make predictions about the neutrino mass ordering and smallness of the reactor angle, we establish some conditions on the elements of the neutrino mass matrix of our model. Finally, we study the quark masses and mixing pattern within the framework of our model.
Secondary electron emission model for photo-emission from metals in the vacuum ultraviolet

This study investigates two secondary electron emission (SEE) models for photoelectric energy distribution curves f(E_(ph), hγ), B, E_(mean), absolute quantum efficiency (AQE), and the mean escape depth of photo-emitted electrons k of metals. The proposed models are developed from the density of states and the theories of photo-emission in the vacuum ultraviolet and SEE, where B is the mean probability that an internal photo-emitted electron escapes into vacuum upon reaching the emission surface of the metal, and E_(mean) is the mean energy of photo-emitted electrons measured from vacuum. The formulas for f(Eph, hγ), B, γ, E_(mean), and AQE that were obtained were shown to be correct for the cases of Au at hγ = 8.1-11.6 eV, Ni at hγ = 9.2-11.6 eV, and Cu at hγ = 7.7-11.6 eV. The photoelectric cross sections (PCS) calculated here are analyzed, and it was confirmed that the calculated PCS of the electrons in the conduction band of Au at hγ = 8.1-11.6 eV, Ni at hγ = 9.2-11.6 eV, and Cu at hγ = 7.7-11.6 eV are correct.
Flow field effect of delayed neutron precursors in liquid-fueled molten salt reactors

In molten salt reactors (MSRs), the liquid fuel salt circulates through the primary loop and a part of the delayed neutron precursors (DNPs) decays outside the reactor core. To model and analyze the flow field effect of DNPs in channel-type liquid-fueled MSRs, a three-dimensional space-time dynamics code, named Thor-CORE3D, that couples neutronics, core thermalhydraulics, and a molten salt loop system was developed and validated with the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) benchmarks. The effects of external loop recirculation time, fuel flow rate, and core flow field distribution on the delayed neutron fraction loss of MSRE at steadystate were modeled and simulated using the ThorCORE3D code. Then, the flow field effect of the DNPs on the system responses of the MSRE in the reactivity insertion transient under different initial conditions was analyzed systematically for the channel-type liquid-fueled MSRs. The results indicate that the flow field condition has a significant effect on the steady-state delayed neutron fractions and will further affect the transient power and temperature responses of the reactor system. The analysis results for the effect of the DNP flow field can provide important references for the design optimization and safety analysis of liquid-fueled MSRs.
Enhanced electron transport through two-dimensional Ti_3C_2 in dye-sensitized solar cells

Two-dimensional (2D) Ti_3C_2 material has a wide range of photovoltaic applications due to its unique electronic,optical,and plasmonic properties.Herein,we present a series of Ti_3C_2 (0,0.6,0.8;wt%) nanosheets-modified P25 nanoparticles as photoanode films for dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The DSSC based on P25 and 0.6 wt% Ti_3C_2 photoanode achieves a fairly good efficiency (9.22%),which greatly exceeds the counterpart based on the pure P25 (7.16%).Benefiting from high light scattering and metallic electrical conductivity of Ti_3C_2 additive,the P25/Ti_3C_2-based DSSC exhibits a superior behavior of controlling photogenerated charge recombination compared with pure P25 one.
Stable GeSe thin-film solar cells employing non-toxic SnO_2 as buffer layer

Germanium monoselenide (GeSe) has attracted significant attention recently for its excellent optoelectronic properties,nontoxicity,and high stability.However,the current best-performance GeSe solar cells usually take toxic CdS as the buffer layer that restricts their practical applications.Here we select non-toxic SnO_2 as the buffer layer and construct environment-friendly SnO_2/GeSe heterojunction solar cells.We find that SnO_2 buffer layer possesses suitable energy level that matches well with GeSe,thus enabling efficient charge transfer from GeSe to SnO_2 layer;as-prepared (110)-plane SnO_2 leads to the growth of GeSe film with preferred [111] orientation,facilitating the carrier transport along in-plane direction,in contrast with the previously-reported [400]-oriented GeSe layer on CdS substrate with adverse carrier hopping transport along out-of-plane direction.The resulting FTO/SnO_2/GeSe/Au devices exhibit an efficiency of 0.51%.The unencapsulated devices show excellent light and air stability,demonstrating the huge potential of SnO_2/GeSe hetero-junction solar cells in practical applications.
Cyberspace Endogenous Safety and Security

Uncertain security threats caused by vulnerabilities and backdoors are the most serious and difficult problem in cyberspace.This paper analyzes the philosophical and technical causes of the existence of so-called "dark functions" such as system vulnerabilities and backdoors,and points out that endogenous security problems cannot be completely eliminated at the theoretical and engineering levels;rather,it is necessary to develop or utilize the endogenous security functions of the system architecture itself.In addition,this paper gives a definition for and lists the main technical characteristics of endogenous safety and security in cyberspace,introduces endogenous safety and security mechanisms and characteristics based on dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (DHR) architecture,and describes the theoretical implications of a coding channel based on DHR.
Enhanced efficiency and stability in Sn-based perovskite solar cells by trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation

Lead free tin perovskite solar cells (PKSCs) are the most suitable alternative candidate for conventional lead perovskite solar cells. However, the efficiency and the stability are insufficient, mainly because of the poor film quality and numerous defects. Here we introduce an efficient strategy based on a simple trimethylsilyl halide surface passivation to increase the film quality and reduce the defect density. At the same time, a hydrophobic protective layer on the perovskite surface is formed, which enhanced the PKSCs’ stability. The efficiency of the solar cell after the passivation was enhanced from 10.05 % to 12.22% with the improved open-circuit voltage from 0.57 V to 0.70 V. In addition, after 92 days of storage in N2 filled glovebox, the modified T-PKSCs demonstrated high stability maintaining 80% of its initial efficiency. This work provides a simple and widely used strategy to optimize the surface/interface optoelectronic properties of perovskites for giving more efficient and stable solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
High-temperature deoxygenation-created highly porous graphitic carbon nanosheets for ultrahigh-rate supercapacitive energy storage

Developing carbon-based supercapacitors with high rate capability is of great importance to meet the emerging demands for devices that requires high energy density as well as high power density. However, it is hard to fabricate a nanocarbon with high electro-active surface area meanwhile maintaining superior conductivity to ensure the high rate capability since excellent conductivity is usually realized by high temperature graphitization, which would lead to the structural collapse and sintering resulting in low surface area. Herein, we reported a highly porous graphitic carbon nanosheet with an unprecedented rate capability of 98% of its initial capacitance from 0.5 to 50 A/g for ultrahigh-rate supercapacitive energy storage. These hierarchical mesoporous carbon nanosheets (HMCN) were fabricated by a template induced catalytic graphitization approach, in which sheet-like Mg(OH)_2 was employed as catalytic template in situ catalytically polymerizing of catechol and formaldehyde and catalytically graphitizing of the formed carbon skeleton. Upon the co-effect of template (avoiding the sintering) and the deoxygenation (creating the pores) during the high temperature graphitization process, the obtained HMCN material possesses nanosheet morphology with highly porous graphitic microstructure rich in mesoporosity, large in surface area (2316 m~2/g), large in pore volume (3.58 cm~3/g) and excellent in conductivity (109.8 S/cm). In 1.0 MTEABF_4/AN, HMCN exhibits superior supercapacitive performance including large energy density of 52.2 Wh/kg at high power density of 118 kW/kg, long-cycling stability and excellent rate capability, making HMCN a promising electrode material for supercapacitor devices.