mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
推动中国CCUS技术的政策建议

作为一项具有大规模温室气体减排潜力的技术,碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage-CCUS)技术受到了各匡政府的高度重视,推动CCUS技术的示范和应用,既是基于当前中国能源结构特点和未来减排的需要,也有利于相关产业的发展、升级和创新。然而,CCUS作为一项新兴的技术,涉及的技术环节复杂,尽管中国已经开展了一些CCUS示范工程和项目实践,具备一些相关经验,但其发展还面临一些问题。这些问题是挑战也是机遇,加快制定符合国情、符合CCUS发展规律的政策措施,可以抓住机遇,促进该技术在中国的健康、有序发展。
青藏高原隆升与晚新生代环境变化

本文是李吉均院士2012年7月21日在兰州为全国高校地理学骨干教师培训班做的学术报告,周尚哲根据报告录音整理,略有修改.青藏高原隆升是世界瞩目的问题.大家看看地形图,就知道青藏高原的形成过程与印度洋有关系,海底有北东向的地形和构造,是印度板块向北漂移造成的拉张反映.我今天讲两个问题,第一个是青藏高原隆升过程问题,第二个是亚洲内陆干旱化的问题.现在先讲第一个问题.
基于SOA架构的移动GIS快速开发平台

移动GIS 是以移动互联网为支撑,以智能手机或平板电脑为终端,结合北斗、GPS 或基站为定位手段的GIS 系统,被认为是继桌面GIS、WebGIS 后又一新的技术热点,引起越来越多的研究者和GIS 厂商的关注。其作为移动空间信息服务的基础设施,应用领域非常广泛。然而,当前移动GIS 还面临一些技术难题,包括空间数据量大、计算能力不足、网络带宽窄、可靠性差、软硬件兼容性差等,导致移动GIS 项目实施面临技术门槛高、开发周期长、实施成本高、项目风险大等问题。本文以移动GIS 项目共性需求为导向,采用面向服务思想设计并实现了基于“云+ 端”模式的移动GIS 快速开发平台。平台具有跨平台、高性能、可配置、易扩展、支持多语言开次开发等特点,能帮助开发者快速构建业务敏捷的移动GIS 应用系统,具有重要的现实意义。
电离层活动对GNSS的影响和抑制方法

从2011年开始,"太阳风暴"这个词在各大媒体出现的频率越来越高。剧烈的太阳黑子活动会扰动电离层环境,直接影响GNSS(全球导航卫星系统)的性能,轻则影响卫星定位精度,重则导致卫星通信失灵。因此,有必要了解电离层活动的现状,并探讨如何抑制其对GNSS的影响。
空间ETL技术在省级标准地址库建设中的应用研究

地名地址数据是政府行政管理和社会经济建设中重要的基础信息资源。空间ETL技术能够对空间数据进行抽取、转换和装载。将其引入到省级标准地址库建设中,实现对市县政府和其他相关部门地址信息资源的汇集和整合,并以江苏省警务标准地址库建设为例进行应用实践,取得较好的应用效果,证明基于空间ETL技术实现省级标准地址库汇集方法的有效性。该方法具有一定的实践借鉴意义,可为其他地区和行业开展与之类似的标准地址库建设和空间数据汇集提供一定的科学参考。
手持激光雷达技术用于大型青铜器的精细测量——以后母戊鼎为例

以后母戊鼎为例,介绍利用三维激光扫描技术获取和分析青铜器基础尺寸的精细测量方法,并利用剖面法和造型图解法分析大鼎的形体构造。试验结果表明,此方法方便、快捷、精度高,对于了解青铜器的铸造结构意义重大,为后母戊鼎的后续保护研究提供了可靠依据。
GNSS参考站墩顶高程联测方法设计与实现

针对现场测量的实际条件,对港珠澳大桥GNSS连续运行参考站观测墩的墩顶高程联测方法进行专门设计,然后实施观测与计算。测量结果表明,倒挂标尺水准测量方法及全站仪三角高程测量方法均能达到二等高程测量精度。所设计的方法可在参考站观测墩墩顶高程联测中推广应用。
Systematic review of laparoscopy-assisted versus open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer

Objective:The study compared laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy(LAG) with open gastrectomy(OG) in the management of advanced gastric cancer(AGC).Methods:Literature search was performed in the Medline,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases to identify control studies that compared LAG and OG for AGC.A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the surgical safety and oncologic adequacy,using the random-effect model.Results:Seven eligible studies including 815 patients were analyzed.LAG was associated with less blood loss,less use of analgesics,shorter time of flatus and periods of hospital stay,but longer time of operation.The incidence of most complications was similar between the two groups.However,LAG was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary infection(odds ratio(OR) 0.19;95% confidence interval(CI) 0.05 to 0.68;P<0.05).No significant differences were noted in terms of the number of harvested lymph nodes(weighted mean difference(WMD) 1.165;95% CI-2.000 to 4.311;P>0.05),overall mortality(OR 0.65;95% CI 0.39 to 1.10;P>0.05),cancer-related mortality(OR 0.64;95% CI 0.32 to 1.25;P>0.05),or recurrence(OR 0.62;95% CI 0.33 to 1.16;P>0.05).Conclusions:LAG could be performed safely for AGC with adequate lymphadenectomy and has several short-term advantages compared with conventional OG.No differences were found in long-term outcomes.However,these results should be validated in large randomized controlled studies(RCTs) with sufficient follow-up.
Using ~(137)Cs Tracing Methods to Estimate Soil Redistribution Rates and to Construct a Sediment Budget for a Small Agricultural Catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China

Soil erosion and associated off-site sedimentation are threatening the sustainable use of the Three Gorges Dam.To initiate management intervention to reduce sediment yields,there is an increasing need for reliable information on soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR).The purpose of this study is to use ~(137) Cs tracing methods to construct a sediment budget for a small agricultural catchment in the TGRR.Cores were taken from a pond and from paddy fields,for ~(137) Cs measurements.The results show that the average sedimentation rate in the pond since 1963 is 1.50 g cm~(-2) yr~(-1) and the corresponding amount of sediment deposited is 1,553 t.The surface erosion rate for the sloping cultivated lands and the sedimentation rate in the paddy fields were estimated to be 3,770 t km~(-2) yr~(-1) and 2,600 t km~(-2) yr~(-1),respectively.Based on the estimated erosion and deposition rates,and the area of each unit,the post 1970 sediment budget for the catchment has been constructed.A sediment delivery ratio of 0.5 has been estimated for the past 42 years.The data indicate that the sloping cultivated lands are the primary sediment source areas,and that the paddy fields are deposition zones.The typical land use pattern(with the upper parts characterized by sloping cultivated land and the lower parts by paddy fields) plays an important role in reducing sediment yield from agricultural catchments in the TGRR.A ~(137) Cs profile for the sediment deposited in a pond is shown to provide an effective means of estimating the land surface erosion rate in the upstream catchment.
Temperature and Precipitation Variations at Two Meteorological Stations on Eastern Slope of Gongga Mountain,SW China in the Past Two Decades

Gongga Mountain,locates on the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau of China,is the highest mountain in China except summits in Tibet.Only limited meteorological data on Gongga Mountain have been published so far.Here we present the meteorological records from two stations,Moxi Station(at 1,621.7 m above sea level(a.s.l.),19922010) and Hailuogou Station(at 2,947.8 m a.s.l.,1988-2010),on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain.In the past two decades,the annual precipitation decreased while the annual mean temperature increased at Hailuogou Station.Both precipitation and temperature increased at Moxi Station.The precipitation variation on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain is influenced by both East Asian Monsoon and Indian Monsoon,so that the precipitation concentrated between May and October.The temperature variation on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain in the past two decades showed similar trends as that of the northern hemispheric and global.In the past two decades,the temperature increased 0.35℃ and 0.3℃/decade at Hailuogou Station and Moxi Station respectively,which was higher than the increase extents of northern hemispheric and global temperature.The most intense warming occurred at the first decade of 21~(st) century.The winter temperature increased more at Hailuogou Station than at Moxi Station.A remarkable increase of temperature in March was observed with only a little precipitation at both high and low altitude stations.
牙根持续发育期根尖乳头干细胞的研究进展

近年来,一些病例报告显示,患有根尖周炎或根尖脓肿的年轻恒牙,在经过保守的根管治疗后牙根尖持续发育成形。最近发现的存在于年轻恒牙根尖乳头中的新间质干细胞群,也许能部分解释这个问题,这些细胞被称为根尖乳头干细胞(stem cells from apical papilla,SCAP)。
中医药防治放射性肺炎研究述评

放射性肺炎是胸部肿瘤放疗时常见的并发症,不仅会导致患者生活质量明显下降,而且限制靶区放射剂量,使肿瘤的局部控制率降低,甚至中断治疗,严重者可并发呼吸衰竭而致患者死亡。目前临床仍无理想防治放射性肺炎的有效措施。中医药防治放射性肺炎是近年的热门课题,国内研究人员从病因病机、动物实验方面进行了基础研究,对各种治法方药、不同给药途径、中药注射剂、中西医结合防治放射性肺炎的疗效进行了临床观察和研究。这些研究从不同方面显示出了中医药防治放射性肺炎令人期待的前景。笔者就中医药防治放射性肺炎的进展作一评述。
Modeling,Simulation and Control Strategy of a Novel 10kV 15-level M-STATCOM Under SVG Condition

This paper discusses modeling,simulation and control strategy of a novel 10kV transformerless static synchronous compensator based on a 15-level modular multilevel converter(M-STATCOM).The new shunt compensator,with the characteristics like modular design,high front-end flexibility,low generation of harmonics,etc.,is well suitable for medium or high-voltage utility grid without line-frequency transformers.Its topology,principle of operation under static var generating condition and control system are described comprehensively.Besides,a new corresponding control scheme called phase opposition disposition(POD) is proposed for fast compensation of reactive power and harmonics and for making the three-phase source side currents balanced.The results obtained from various simulated waveforms in the MATLAB / SIMULINK environment validate that the MSTATCOM is capable of reactive power compensation,harmonic cancellation and simultaneous load balancing.
Comparison of Parameter Estimation Methods for Transformer Weibull Lifetime Modelling

Two-parameter Weibull distribution is the most widely adopted lifetime model for power transformers.An appropriate parameter estimation method is essential to guarantee the accuracy of a derived Weibull lifetime model.Six popular parameter estimation methods(i.e.the maximum likelihood estimation method,two median rank regression methods including the one regressing X on Y and the other one regressing Y on X,the Kaplan-Meier method,the method based on cumulative hazard plot,and the Li ’ s method) are reviewed and compared in order to find the optimal one that suits transformer ’ s Weibull lifetime modelling.The comparison took several different scenarios into consideration : 10 000sets of lifetime data,each of which had a sampling size of 40~1 000and a censoring rate of 90%,were obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations for each scienario.Scale and shape parameters of Weibull distribution estimated by the six methods,as well as their mean value,median value and 90% confidence band are obtained.The cross comparison of these results reveals that,among the six methods,the maximum likelihood method is the best one,since it could provide the most accurate Weibull parameters,i.e.parameters having the smallest bias in both mean and median values,as well as the shortest length of the 90% confidence band.The maximum likelihood method is therefore recommended to be used over the other methods in transformer Weibull lifetime modelling.
对氨基水杨酸钠对锰致大鼠基底核神经元损伤影响的体外研究

目的探讨对氨基水杨酸钠(PAS-Na)对体外染锰致大鼠原代基底核神经元损伤的影响。方法培养至第8天的基底核神经元随机分为正常对照组(对照组)、低、中、高剂量染锰(L-、M-、H-Mn)组、PAS-Na(PAS)对照组、低、中、高剂量PAS-Na(L-、M-、H-PAS)干预组。对照组神经元给予培养液培养24 h;染锰组神经元暴露于MnCl_2.4H_2O 100、200和400μmol/L培养液培养24 h;PAS对照组神经元给予含PAS-Na 50、500和5000μmol/L培养液培养24 h。L-、M-、H-PAS干预组神经元分别暴露于MnCl_2.4H_2O 100、200和400μmol/L培养液培养24 h,接着弃掉原培养液,再分别给予含PAS-Na 50、500和5000μmol/L的培养液培养24 h。其余组培养液培养24 h。然后,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定存活率,单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)测定DNA损伤,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定丙二醛(MDA)。结果与对照组相比,染锰组神经元存活率明显降低,彗星尾部DNA百分率、Olive尾距增高,MDA含量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。L-、M-PAS干预使暴露于L-Mn组神经元存活率提高,彗星尾部DNA百分率、Olive尾距降低,MDA含量减少;M-PAS干预使暴露于M-Mn组神经元存活率提高,彗星尾部DNA百分率、Olive尾距降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体外染锰对大鼠原代基底核神经元损伤明显,PAS-Na对锰致基底核神经元毒性有一定的干预作用。
Dynamic analysis of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners

A high-speed train-track coupling dynamic model is used to investigate the dynamic behavior of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners. The model considers a high-speed train consisting of eight vehicles coupled with a ballasted track. The vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modeled with a Timoshenko beam resting on the discrete sleepers. The vehicle model considers the effect of the end connections of the neighboring vehicles on the dynamic behavior. The track model takes into account the lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the rails and the effect of the discrete sleeper support on the coupling dynamics of the vehicles and the track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. The train model couples with the track model by using a Hertzian contact model for the wheel/rail normal force calculation, and the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al. (1984) is used for wheel/rail tangent force calculation. In the analysis, a curved track of 7000-m radius with failed fasteners is selected, and the effects of train operational speed and the number of failed fasteners on the dynamic behaviors of the train and the track are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the wheel/rail forces and derailment coefficient and the wheelset loading reduction are analyzed when the high-speed train passes over the curved track with the different number of continuously failed fasteners at different operational speeds. Through the detailed numerical analysis, it is found that the high-speed train can operate normally on the curved track of 7000-m radius at the speeds of 200 km/h to 350 km/h.
One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of soft clay with the non-Darcian flow

Based on the non-Darcian flow law described by exponent m and threshold gradient i 1 under a low hydraulic gradient and the classical nonlinear relationships e-lgσ′ and e-lgk v (Mesri and Rokhsar, 1974), the governing equation of 1D nonlinear consolidation was modified by considering both uniform distribution of self-weight stress and linear increment of self-weight stress. The numerical solutions for the governing equation were derived by the finite difference method (FDM). Moreover, the solutions were verified by comparing the numerical results with those by analytical method under a specific case. Finally, consolidation behavior under different parameters was investigated, and the results show that the rate of 1D nonlinear consolidation will slow down when the non-Darcian flow law is considered. The consolidation rate with linear increment of self-weight stress is faster than that with uniform distribution one. Compared to Darcy’s flow law, the influence of parameters describing non-linearity of soft soil on consolidation behavior with non-Darcian flow has no significant change.
济南地区3种致泻性大肠埃希菌的血清型分析

致泻性大肠埃希菌(diagrrheagenic Escherichia coli,DEC)是引起感染性腹泻的常见病原菌之一,可引起婴幼儿急、慢性腹泻和成年人散发腹泻,也会引起暴发流行。DEC 主要包括肠致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC) 、肠产毒性大肠埃希菌(ETEC) 、肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌(EIEC) 、肠出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC) 、肠集聚性大肠埃希菌(EAEC)和弥散黏附性大肠埃希菌(ESIES) 6类。其中,EPEC、ETEC、EIEC 是当前我国主要检测到的3种DEC。目前许多临床医生对腹泻患者很少进行常规细菌学检测,致使大多数细菌感染引起的腹泻不能及时明确诊断。我们收集济南地区腹泻患者标本进行了DEC 的分离鉴定及血清型分析,现将结果报告如下。
Analysis of karyotype diversity of 40 Chinese chrysanthemum cultivars

To investigate the genetic differences in Chinese large-flowered chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) cultivars, we selected 40 typical and stable cultivars on which to carry out cytological studies using karyotype analysis. The results showed that 67.5% of these cultivars were hexaploid-based aneuploid and that the proportion of hexaploid decreased with passing time. Moreover, 35% of the cultivars had 1-4 satellite chromosome(s). The probability of satellite chromosomes rose with increasing chromosome number. Most of the karyotypes were 2A and 2B. The probability of types 2A and 2C also increased with increasing ploidy of the cultivars. The mean of long-/short-arm ratio and the variation of long-/short-arm ratio were positively correlated (r~2 = 0.72). There was no obvious difference in the asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes, but the discrepancy in the variance of karyotype asymmetry index and relative length of chromosomes was quite distinct. In terms of karyotype parameters, the petal types of chrysanthemums were classified to five groups as flat, tubular, spoon, abnormal, and anemone. We did not observe any obvious orderliness among flower head types. Considering the relationship between karyotype parameters and phenotypic characters, variation of long-/short-arm ratio and asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes had the greatest relevance toward most phenotypic characters. The above results indicate that karyotype parameters possess great values for cultivar identification, classification, and genetic analysis in chrysanthemums.
Electronic Response of Nano-sized Cages of ZnO and MgO to Presence of Nitric Oxide

We have performed a comparative theoretical study on the adsorption of nitric oxide (NO) on Zn_(12)O_(12) and Mg_(12)O_(12) nanocages in terms of their energetic, geometric, and electronic properties. It has been found that NO adsorption on the MgO nanocage is energetically more favorable than that on the ZnO one. In contrast to the ZnO nanocage, HOMO-LUMO energy gap (Eg) of MgO one is dramatically decreased in the presence of NO molecule so that it is transformed from an intrinsic semiconductor (E_g≈5.00 eV) to a p-type one (E_g≈1.93 eV). We have predicted that electronic and conductance properties of the Mg_(12)O_(12) nanocage are sensitive toward NO molecule, thus it may be potential candidate in detection of NO molecules.
Identification of Free OH and its Implication on Structural Changes of Liquid Water

The molecular structure of liquid water has been an outstanding issue for many years. The identification of free -OH holds the key in differentiating structure models for liquid water. By analyzing the relative changes of the intensity and depolarization ratio in temperature dependent Raman spectra, the occurrence of free -OH in liquid water is unambiguously determined. Furthermore, upon the increase of temperature from 5 °C to 85 °C, the structure of liquid water undergoes significant change, but the relative proportion of free -OH is considerably small and remains almost unchanged. This implies that the breaking of hydrogen bond from the tetrahedral structure prefers to occur at the site of the hydrogen acceptor. The energetic favoring of the structural change for liquid water is thus clearly revealed from experiments.
On Measuring the Privacy of Anonymized Data in Multiparty Network Data Sharing

This paper aims to find a practical way of quantitatively representing the privacy of network data. A method of quantifying the privacy of network data anonymization based on similarity distance and entropy in the scenario involving multiparty network data sharing with Trusted Third Party (TTP) is proposed. Simulations are then conducted using network data from different sources, and show that the measurement indicators defined in this paper can adequately quantify the privacy of the network. In particular, it can indicate the effect of the auxiliary information of the adversary on privacy.
Collision-Based Chosen-Message Simple Power Clustering Attack Algorithm

Chosen-message pair Simple Power Analysis (SPA) attacks were proposed by Boer, Yen and Homma, and are attack methods based on searches for collisions of modular multi-plication. However, searching for collisions is difficult in real environments. To circumvent this problem, we propose the Simple Power Clustering Attack (SPCA), which can automatically identify the modular multiplication collision. The insignificant effects of collision attacks were validated in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) environment. After treatment with SPCA, the automatic secret key recognition rate increased to 99%.
Dynamic Global-Principal Component Analysis Sparse Representation for Distributed Compressive Video Sampling

Video reconstruction quality largely depends on the ability of employed sparse domain to adequately represent the underlying video in Distributed Compressed Video Sensing (DCVS). In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic global-Principal Component Analysis (PCA) sparse representation algorithm for video based on the sparse-land model and nonlocal similarity. First, grouping by matching is realized at the decoder from key frames that are previously recovered. Second, we apply PCA to each group (sub-dataset) to compute the principle components from which the sub-dictionary is constructed. Finally, the non-key frames are reconstructed from random measurement data using a Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm with sparse regularization. Experimental results show that our algorithm has a better performance compared with the DCT and K-SVD dictionaries.
亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨近端骨折

目的探讨亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA-II)治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2012年5月应用PFNA-II治疗的62例股骨近端骨折患者资料,男37例,女25例;年龄25 ~ 82岁,平均62.5岁。骨折部位及分型:股骨颈基底骨折6例,按Garden分型:III型2例,IV型4例;股骨转子间骨折45例,按改良Evans分型:III型25例,IV型13例,V型7例;股骨转子下骨折11例,按Seinsheimer分型:IV型5例,V型6例。所有患者均采用小切口PFNA-II内固定治疗。结果59例患者术后获6 ~ 40个月(平均26.6个月)随访。所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6~25个月,平均18个月。末次随访时采用髋关节Harris评分标准评定疗效:优26例,良30例,可3例,优良率为94. 9%。无骨不连、内固定物松动及脱出、固定失效等并发症发生。结论 PFNA-II治疗股骨近端骨折疗效良好,具有创伤小、固定牢固、可早期负重及并发症少等优点。
Effect of Morinda Tinctoria Leaves Extract on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Medium

The Morinda tinctoria (MT) plant leaves extract was prepared in aqueous and hydrochloric acid media and was used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. MT is found to be an efficient inhibitor at room temperature and the efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. Results from colorimetric studies predict the amount of iron present in the test solution and the percentage inhibition efficiency values calculated from this data fit well with the weight loss experiments. The AC impedance studies reveal that the mild steel surface is positively charged and the process of inhibition is through charge transfer. Polarisation studies indicate the mixed nature of the inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters obtained predict that the process of inhibition is a spontaneous one.
Optimizing Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi_x High-Entropy Alloys by Tailoring Microstructures

The effects of Ti addtions and the heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi_x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were studied. The results show that the dendrite phase with a body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure transforms into the interdendrite phase with a new bcc structure. With the increase of the Ti contents and heat-treatment temperature, the average hardness and yield strengths are greatly improved, and the highest hardness and yielding strength are 583 HV and 2.07 GPa, respectively in the investigated HEA system. The as-cast and annealed HEAs exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining with high yielding strength and plasticity. The solid solution strengthening mechanism of Ti additions is responsible for the strengthening effect of AlCoCrFeNiTi_x HEAs.
Quantitative Analysis of Graphene Sheet Content in Wood Char Powders during Catalytic Pyrolysis

The quantitative characterization of the graphene sheet content in carbon-containing materials is arguable and has not yet been developed. The authors report on a feasible method to characterize graphene sheet content quantitatively in pyrolized carbon materials using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. A direct carbonation at 300 ℃ followed by catalytic pyrolysis (heat-treatment temperature was set at 700-1400 ℃) under a vacuum condition was used for turning wood waste into pyrolized wood char powders. The graphene content in the samples was calculated through an analysis of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the carbon (100) crystal plane at around 42°-43°in XRD. Results showed that the FWHM and the calculated graphene sheet content of pyrolized wood char powders depended on the heat-treatment temperature, and the FWHM of wood char powder with well-developed graphene sheets (100%) was determined to be 5.0. In addition, the trend to 100% graphene sheet-contained pyrolized carbon powder was obtained at a heattreatment temperature of 2700 ℃. The resistivity of the wood char powder with 100% graphene sheets was predicted to be 0.01 ? cm, close to our experimental data of 0.012 and 0.006 ? cm for commercial graphite and graphene products, respectively.
中国为何遭遇雾霾困扰?

2013年1月6-16日,中国中东部地区的雾-霾天气集中出现,引发社会高度关切。此后,雾-霾天气仍在中国不同地区以不同污染程度时有发生。当下,雾-霾天气不仅成为中国民众最为关注的话题之一,也为经济快速发展的中国及广大民众心头带来丝丝"雾霾"。
303 086例住院患者梅毒及人类免疫缺陷病毒感染检出情况分析

近年来,梅毒与AIDS的发病率呈现急剧上升之势,已成为严重的公共卫生问题和社会问题。 梅毒与AIDS有相似的传播途径,除性接触传播外,还可以通过血液和母婴传播。梅毒在我国的流行呈上升趋势,1990年至2010年,我国报道梅毒患者数平均增长51. 63%,在各种性传播疾病中增长最快。本研究对福建医科大学附属第一医院住院患者进行HIV抗体及梅毒螺旋体抗体检测,现将检测结果报道如下。
沙眼衣原体分型技术及其应用研究进展

沙眼衣原体为寄生于胞内的性传播疾病病原体之一, 全世界每年约有9千万人被感染。近年来,中国的感染病例也在逐年上升,男性沙眼衣原体感染率为2.1%,女性为2.6%,高危女性为13.2%~58. 6%,男男同性恋者为24%。约有75%的女性和50%的男性呈现无症状感染状态,而无症状或症状轻微患者主动就治者甚少,因此,报告病例可能仅是感染人群的一部分,而这类人群是沙眼衣原体的重要传染源,且隐匿感染会导致严重并发症。机体感染沙眼衣原体后,能诱导产生特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫,但通常免疫力不强,且时间短暂,可能是由于沙眼衣原体进入机体后不能通过经典的I类和II类抗原递呈途径启动有效的免疫应答,所以持续感染、反复感染以及无症状隐性感染持续存在。目前主要使用抗菌药物治疗沙眼衣原体,但随着耐药性不断出现以及严重并发症的发生,其广泛传播仍然严重威胁着发达国家和发展中国家的人群健康。沙眼衣原体感染后主要引起非淋菌性尿道炎和子宫颈炎,不经治疗,将导致复杂并发症,如盆腔炎、异位妊娠、不孕证,也是导致HIV和人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)传播的危险因素。
生物炭对设施退化土壤氮相关功能微生物群落丰度的影响

设施栽培土壤在人工调控下进行生产,长期处在高温高湿、无降水淋洗、高复种指数、持续大量施肥等特殊环境条件下,它的物理结构和生化性状产生很大变化。菜农因传统施肥经验而形成的盲目大量施肥行为造成氮肥的过量摄入,从而愈发加重了土壤表层养分富集、酸化板结、养分失调等,继而导致蔬菜品质严重下降,在部分种植年限较长的大棚已不能进行蔬菜生产,严重制约了各地区设施农业的可持续发展。而长期过量的施用氮肥还会使设施土壤中硝态氮含量升高,减少土壤中的硝化微生物菌群的丰度,提高反硝化微生物的活性,促进N_2O的排放通量。因此,为了保证设施栽培产业能够健康、可持续地发展,使蔬菜生产向高产、高效、优质的方向发展,对设施栽培土壤氮循环的研究已迫在眉睫。
基于BIOLOG指纹解析三种不同森林类型土壤细菌群落功能差异

土壤微生物是生态系统的重要组成部分,直接参与土壤碳氮循环及土壤有机质矿化过程,在生态系统中具有不可替代的作用。土壤微生物群落多样性反映了群落总体的动态变化,而微生物对不同碳源的利用能力很大程度上取决于微生物的种类和固有性质,因此分析土壤微生物对不同碳源利用能力能够在一定程度上反映土壤碳源转化和土壤微生物多样性情况。