mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Coulomb Failure Stress Change in the Basin-range Region of West Beijing and Its Effect on Strong Earthquakes

Since 231 B. C.,a total of 15 M6.0 - 7.5 earthquakes have been recorded in the west Beijing basin-range tectonic region (38.3° - 41.5°E,112° - 116.2°N),a region mainly under the action of tensional normal faulting. In this paper,we calculate the Coulomb stress change of each earthquake and the cumulative Coulomb stress change,and on this basis we analyze the stress triggering of strong earthquakes. The research shows that there are 10 of 14 earthquakes that occurred in the trigger zones,in which the Coulomb stress change is positive,and the trigger rate is 71%. The positive areas of cumulative Coulomb stress change caused by these 15 earthquakes are: middle of northern Liulengshan fault, Northern Huaizhuo basin fault,Xinbao'an-Shacheng fault,Sangganhe fault and Southern Yuxian basin fault. This necessarily increases the seismic risk of these faults and can be used as a reference for future seismic risk analysis in this area.
Exploring stability of formamidinium lead trihalide for solar cell application

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI_3) is a promising photoactive perovskite for low-cost and efficient solar cells. This article reports on an experimental investigation on the stability of FAPbI_3 by comparison with that of widely-used methylamidinium lead triiodide (MAPbI_3). A hydration of the FAPbI_3 with moisture could be the dominant mechanism for its degradation in air, rather than a common thermal decomposition in the MAPbI_3. This can be mainly contributed to a relatively strong bond formation between formamidinium ions (FA~+) and I~-. Consequently, the stability of FAPbI_3 based devices can be greatly enhanced by removal moisture in the surrounding. This conclusion renders FAPbI_3 extremely attractive for stable perovskite solar cells with fine encapsulation.
Theory for superconductivity in alkali chromium arsenides A_2Cr_3As_3 (A = K, Rb, Cs)

Recently, CrAs based superconductors have attracted much attention. CrAs itself is a 3D antiferromagnet (AFM), which becomes superconducting (SC) under modest pressure with T_c ~ 2 K[1]. Subsequently, a new family of quasi-1D superconductors A_2Cr_3As_3 (A = K,Rb,Cs) has been discovered at ambient pressure with Tc up to 6.1 K. The key building block of A_2Cr_3As_3 is the 1D [(Cr_3As_3)~(2-)]_∞ double-walled sub-nanotubes (Fig. 1), which are separated by columns of K~+ ions, in contrast to the layered iron-pnictide and copper-oxide high T_c superconductors.
Phase separation morphology and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of bismaleimide laminates toughened by thermoplastics with triphenylphosphine oxide group

Toughness improvement of bismaleimide (BMI) resin is very important for its application in composite materials. Blending with thermoplastic polymer is usually used to increase the toughness of BMI matrix. In this work we prepared two thermoplastic polymers with polar triphenylphosphine oxide group in the polymer backbone. The synthesized thermoplastics with different polarities were investigated by several physicochemical methods. Then through scanning electronic microscopy we observed the phase separation morphology of BMI blends at different doping concentrations of thermoplastics. Additionally mode II interlaminar fracture toughness GIIC of BMI laminates toughened with thermoplastics by ex-situ method was examined. The results showed that thermoplastic with strong polarity would bind tightly with BMI during curing and the phase-separation structure might be fixed at the primary stage; while secondary phase separation could happen in a relatively weak polarity system. It indicates that by regulating the polarity of thermoplastic, we may control the phase separation morphologies of blending system and the mechanical properties of composite.
Fuzzy energy management strategy for parallel HEV based on pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm

Improvements in fuel consumption and emissions of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) heavily depend upon an efficient energy management strategy (EMS). This paper presents an optimizing fuzzy control strategy of parallel hybrid electric vehicle employing a quantum chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (QCPIO) algorithm. In this approach, the torque of the engine and the motor is assigned by a fuzzy torque distribution controller which is based on the battery state of charge (SoC) and the required torque of the hybrid powertrain. The rules and membership functions of the fuzzy torque distribution controller are optimized simultaneously through the use of QCPIO algorithm. The simulation ground on ADVISOR demonstrates that this EMS improves fuel economy more effectually than original fuzzy and PSO_Fuzzy EMS.
Formulation of a new ocean salinity boundary condition and impact on the simulated climate of an oceanic general circulation model

The salinity boundary condition at the ocean surface plays an important role in the stability of long-term integrations of an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) and in determining its equilibrium solutions. This study presents a new formulation of the salt flux calculation at the ocean surface based on physical processes of salt exchange at the air-sea interface. The formulation improves the commonly used virtual salt flux with constant reference salinity by allowing for spatial correlations between surface freshwater flux and sea-surface salinity while preserving the conservation of global salinity. The new boundary condition is implemented in the latest version of the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics Climate Ocean Model version 2 (LICOM2.0). The impact of the new boundary condition on the equilibrium simulations of the model is presented. It is shown that the new formulation leads to a stronger Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) that is closer to observational estimates. It also slightly improves poleward heat transport by the oceans in both the Atlantic and the global oceans.
Fluvial terraces and their implications for Weihe River valley evolution in the Sanyangchuan Basin

Fluvial terraces are important geomorphic markers for modern valley development. When coupled with numeric ages, terraces can provide abundant information about tectonic, climatic, paleohydrological and the paleoenvironmental changes. On the basis of the paleomagnetic, electron spin resonance (ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, in addition to an investigation of local loess-paleosol sequences, we confirmed that 13 fluvial terraces were formed, and then preserved, along the course of the Upper Weihe River in the Sanyangchuan Basin over the past 1.2 Ma. Analyses of the characteristics and genesis of these terraces indicate that they resulted from the response of this particular river system to climate change over an orbital scale. These changes can further be placed within the context of local and regional tectonic uplift, and represent an alternation between lateral migration and vertical incision, dependent upon the predominance of climatic and tectonic controls during different periods. Most of the terraces are strikingly similar in that they have several meters of paleosols which have developed directly on top of fluvial deposits located on the terrace treads, suggesting that the abandonment of terraces due to river incision occurred during the transitions from glacial to interglacial climates. The temporal and spatial differences in the distribution patterns of terraces located on either side of the river valley indicate that a tectonic inversion occurred in Sanyangchuan Basin at ~0.62 Ma, and that this was characterized by a transition from overall uplift to depression induced by fault activity. Synthesized studies of the Basin's terraces indicate that formation of the modern valley of the Upper Weihe River may have begun in the late Early Pleistocene between 1.4-1.2 Ma.
Generation of obese rat model by transcription activator-like effector nucleases targeting the leptin receptor gene

The laboratory rat is a valuable mammalian model organism for basic research and drug discovery. Here we demonstrate an efficient methodology by applying transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) technology to generate Leptin receptor (Lepr) knockout rats on the Sprague Dawley (SD) genetic background. Through direct injection of in vitro transcribed mRNA of TALEN pairs into SD rat zygotes, somatic mutations were induced in two of three resulting pups. One of the founders carrying bi-allelic mutation exhibited early onset of obesity and infertility. The other founder carried a chimeric mutation which was efficiently transmitted to the progenies. Through phenotyping of the resulting three lines of rats bearing distinct mutations in the Lepr locus, we found that the strains with a frame-shifted or premature stop codon mutation led to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, no obvious defect was observed in a strain with an in-frame 57 bp deletion in the extracellular domain of Lepr. This suggests the deleted amino acids do not significantly affect Lepr structure and function. This is the first report of generating the Lepr mutant obese rat model in SD strain through a reverse genetic approach. This suggests that TALEN is an efficient and powerful gene editing technology for the generation of disease models.
Drought monitoring and reliability evaluation of the latest TMPA precipitation data in the Weihe River Basin, Northwest China

The high resolution satellite precipitation products bear great potential for large-scale drought monitoring, especially for those regions with sparsely or even without gauge coverage. This study focuses on utilizing the latest Version-7 TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42V7) data for drought condition monitoring in the Weihe River Basin (0.135×10~6 km~2). The accuracy of the monthly TMPA 3B42V7 satellite precipitation data was firstly evaluated against the ground rain gauge observations. The statistical characteristics between a short period data series (1998-2013) and a long period data series (1961-2013) were then compared. The TMPA 3B42V7-based SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) sequences were finally validated and analyzed at various temporal scales for assessing the drought conditions. The results indicate that the monthly TMPA 3B42V7 precipitation is in a high agreement with the rain gauge observations and can accurately capture the temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall within the Weihe River Basin. The short period data can present the characteristics of long period record, and it is thus acceptable to use the short period data series to estimate the cumulative probability function in the SPI calculation. The TMPA 3B42V7-based SPI matches well with that based on the rain gauge observations at multiple time scales (i.e., 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month) and can give an acceptable temporal distribution of drought conditions. It suggests that the TMPA 3B42V7 precipitation data can be used for monitoring the occurrence of drought in the Weihe River Basin.
Influences of drip and flood irrigation on soil carbon dioxide emission and soil carbon sequestration of maize cropland in the North China Plain

The need is pressing to investigate soil CO_2 (carbon dioxide) emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon sequestration. A field experiment was conducted to compare the influences of drip irrigation (DI) and flood irrigation (FI) on soil organic carbon dynamics and the spatial and temporal variations in CO_2 emissions during the summer maize growing season in the North China Plain using the static closed chamber method. The mean CO_2 efflux over the growing season was larger under DI than that under FI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions at the field scale were 1959.10 and 1759.12 g/m~2 under DI and FI, respectively. The cumulative CO_2 emission on plant rows (OR) was larger than that between plant rows (BR) under FI, and the cumulative CO_2 emission on the irrigation pipes (OP) was larger than that between irrigation pipes (BP) under DI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions of OP, BP and bare area (BA) under DI were larger than those of OR, BR and BA under FI, respectively. Additionally, DI promoted root respiration more effectively than FI did. The average proportion of root respiration contributing to the soil CO_2 emissions of OP under DI was larger than that of OR under FI. A general conclusion drawn from this study is that soil CO_2 emission was significantly influenced by the soil water content, soil temperature and air temperature under both DI and FI. Larger concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed under FI than those under DI. The observed high concentrations (DOC, MBC, and TOC) under FI might be resulted from the irrigation-associated soil saturation that in turn inhibited microbial activity and lowered decomposition rate of soil organic matter. However, DI increased the soil organic matter quality (the ratio of MBC to TOC) at the depth of 10-20 cm compared with FI. Our results suggest that the transformation from conventional FI to integrated DI can increase the CO_2 emissions and DI needs to be combined with other management practices to reduce the CO_2 emissions from summer maize fields in the North China Plain.
Effects of different plantation types on soil properties after vegetation restoration in an alpine sandy land on the Tibetan Plateau, China

Large areas of Artemisia ordosica Krasch., Caragana korshinskii Kom., and Caragana intermedia Kuang and H. C. Fu plantations were established on moving sand dunes in the Gonghe Basin (northeastern Tibetan Plateau) for vegetation restoration. Elevating our understanding of the changes in soil characteristics after the establishment of different plantation types can be useful in the context of combating desertification. To assess the effects of these plantation types on the restoration of sandy land, we measured soil physical-chemical properties at four depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-50 cm) in each of the three plantation types and also in non-vegetated moving sand dunes (as control sites). Generally, the establishment of A. ordosica, C. korshinskii and C. intermedia plantations on sand dunes has greatly ameliorated soil quality in the Gonghe Basin. Specifically, relative to the moving sand dunes, shrub plantation has increased the silt and clay contents, total porosity and water holding capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents. The calculated soil quality index suggested that in the Gonghe Basin, C. intermedia is the best choice for soil amelioration. In all the three plantation types, soil amelioration mainly occurred in the shallow depths.
冲动性相关候选基因研究进展

冲动性(impulsivity)是指个体具有的在缺乏考虑的情况下,草率地进行一些不恰当或冒险行为的素质,这些行为经常导致令人不愉快的结果,常表现为行事鲁莽、自伤、破坏和攻击行为等。大量研究表明,冲动性是多种精神疾病共有的素质特征,如注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD),双相情感障碍(bipolar disorder,BD),自杀以及伴有自杀行为的抑郁症,人格障碍如边缘型人格障碍(borderline personality disorder,BPD)、反社会型人格障碍(antisocial personality disorder,ASPD)以及物质使用障碍等。遗传流行病学的研究表明遗传因素在冲动行为的发生中起着重要作用。近年来,与冲动性有关的可能候选基因已有不少新的发现,本文就此做一简要概括。
Tomographic Data Fusion with CFD Simulations Associated with a Planar Sensor

Tomographic techniques have great abilities to interrogate the combustion processes, especially when it is combined with the physical models of the combustion itself. In this study, a data fusion algorithm is developed to investigate the flame distribution of a swirl-induced environmental (EV) burner, a new type of burner for low NOx combustion. An electric capacitance tomography (ECT) system is used to acquire 3D flame images and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to calculate an initial distribution of the temperature profile for the EV burner. Experiments were also carried out to visualize flames at a series of locations above the burner. While the ECT images essentially agree with the CFD temperature distribution, discrepancies exist at a certain height. When data fusion is applied, the discrepancy is visibly reduced and the ECT images are improved. The methods used in this study can lead to a new route where combustion visualization can be much improved and applied to clean energy conversion and new burner development.
Symbiotic State of Chinese Land-Marine Economy

The simultaneous development of both the land and marine-based economy is required to achieve the economic development of coastal regions in China. Based on symbiosis theory, this study discusses land and marine-based economic symbiosis mechanisms and uses a logistic symbiotic function to construct a symbiotic evolution model of the land-marine economy. We conduct a division and feature analysis of the interactive model between the land and marine-based economies of 11 provinces (or cities) along the coast of China between 1996 and 2013, and discuss their economic development. The results show that, during the study period, the coordinated development model of the national land-marine economy is a parabiosis model. Fujian Province exhibits mutualism, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, and Guangdong show commensalism, while Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Shanghai display parasitism, Guangxi and Hainan exhibit an antibiosis model, while Liaoning displays a parabiosis model. The land economic development model of Jiangsu and Fujian and the marine economic development model of Guangdong are improving the quality and efficiency of the factors of production. All other provinces' development models improve the productivity of the production factors to expand the scale of production.
Driving Forces and Their Effects on Water Conservation Services in Forest Ecosystems in China

Identifying the driving forces that cause changes in forest ecosystem services related to water conservation is essential for the design of interventions that could enhance positive impacts as well as minimizing negative impacts. In this study, we propose an assessment concept framework model for indirect-direct-ecosystem service (IN-DI-ESS) driving forces within this context and method for index construction that considers the selection of a robust and parsimonious variable set. Factor analysis was integrated into two-stage data envelopment analysis (TS-DEA) to determine the driving forces and their effects on water conservation services in forest ecosystems at the provincial scale in China. The results showed the following. 1) Ten indicators with factor scores more than 0.8 were selected as the minimum data set. Four indicators comprising population density, per capita gross domestic product, irrigation efficiency, and per capita food consumption were the indirect driving factors, and six indicators comprising precipitation, farmland into forestry or pasture, forest cover, habitat area, water footprint, and wood extraction were the direct driving forces. 2) Spearman's rank correlation test was performed to compare the overall effectiveness in two periods: stage 1 and stage 2. The calculated coefficients were 0.245, 0.136, and 0.579, respectively, whereas the tabulated value was 0.562. This indicates that the driving forces obviously differed in terms of their contribution to the overall effectiveness and they caused changes in water conservation services in different stages. In terms of the variations in different driving force effects in the years 2000 and 2010, the overall, stage 1, and stage 2 variances were 0.020, 0.065, and 0.079 in 2000, respectively, and 0.018, 0.063, and 0.071 in 2010. This also indicates that heterogeneous driving force effects were obvious in the process during the same period. Identifying the driving forces that affect service changes and evaluating their efficiency have significant policy implications for the management of forest ecosystem services. Advanced effectiveness measures for weak regions could be improved in an appropriate manner. In this study, we showed that factor analysis coupled with TS-DEA based on the IN-DI-ESS framework can increase the parsimony of driving force indicators, as well as interpreting the interactions among indirect and direct driving forces with forest ecosystem water conservation services, and reducing the uncertainty related to the internal consistency during data selection.
行业标准《铸造用铬铁矿砂》解读

2011年5月全国铸造标委会在厦门组织召开了《铸造用铬铁矿砂》行业标准起草工作会议,参与标准起草的相关单位就标准分组、技术要求、试验方法等主要技术内容进行了讨论。根据与会专家的意见,经过试验验证工作,于2011年7月完成标准征求意见稿的编制,并向相关的生产、使用单位及科研院所征求意见。2011年11月在对反馈意见汇总分析的基础上完成标准送审稿的编制工作。2011年12月在济南召开了《铸造用铬铁矿砂》行业标准审查会,标准起草工作组综合与会专家的审查意见,最终完成标准的报批稿。
Late Quaternary Paleoclimatic Change in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea

Paleoclimatic changes in the late Quaternary sediments deposited in the East Sea were analyzed by studying diatoms. A total of 95 species belonging to 47 genera were identified from the Core02GHP-02 of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea, Korea. In the Core 02GHP-02, U-Oki (169-181 cm; 9.3 ka), AT (464-465.5 cm; 22 ka) and U-Ym (556-559 cm; 33 ka) tephra layers were recognized. The chronological divisions of 02GHP-02 may be correlated with the climatic changes from the glacial interval (730-620 cm; MIS3), to interstadial (620-500 cm; MIS3), to the last glacial maximum (500-390 cm; MIS 2), to the deglaciation (390-290 cm; MIS 2), to the late glacial (290-190 cm; MIS 1), and to the Holocene (190-10 cm; MIS 1). It is speculated that diatoms were rarely found during the glacial interval when the 02GHP-02 core was deposited; during the interstadial (MIS 3) and deglaciation, a mixture of warm-water and cold-water species were found. In particular, Fragilariopsis doliolus seems to have appeared in the East Sea after 8 kaBP. In the lower layers of the Holocene deposits, cold-water species such as Neodenticula seminae were frequently found, while in the upper layers, warm-water species such as Hemidiscus cuneiformis were found in relatively large abundance. Therefore, the findings indicate that the climate became warmer during the transition from the lower layer to the upper layer of the Holocene deposits.
Drogue detection for autonomous aerial refueling based on convolutional neural networks

Drogue detection is a fundamental issue during the close docking phase of autonomous aerial refueling (AAR). To cope with this issue, a novel and effective method based on deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed. In order to ensure its robustness and wide application, a deep learning dataset of images was prepared by utilizing real data of "Probe and Drogue” aerial refueling, which contains diverse drogues in various environmental conditions without artificial features placed on the drogues. By employing deep learning ideas and graphics processing units (GPUs), a model for drogue detection using a Caffe deep learning framework with CNNs was designed to ensure the method's accuracy and real-time performance. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and results based on real AAR data compare its performance to other methods, validating the accuracy, speed, and robustness of its drogue detection ability.