mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of sexual reproduction of the inferior competitor Brachionus calyciflorus on its fitness against Brachionus angularis

Sexual reproduction adversely affects the population growth of cyclic parthenogenetic animals. The density-dependent sexual reproduction of a superior competitor could mediate the coexistence. However, the cost of sex may make the inferior competitor more vulnerable. To investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on the inferior competitor, we experimentally paired the competition of one Brachionus angularis clone against three Brachionus calyciflorus clones. One of the B. calyciflorus clones showed a low propensity for sexual reproduction, while the other two showed high propensities. The results show that all B. calyciflorus clones were excluded in the competition for resources at low food level. The increased food level promoted the competition persistence, but the clones did not show a clear pattern. Both the cumulative population density and resting egg production increased with the food level. The cumulative population density decreased with the mixis investment, while the resting egg production increased with the mixis investment. A trade-off between the population growth and sexual reproduction was observed in this research. The results indicate that although higher mixis investment resulted in a lower population density, it would not determinately accelerate the exclusion process of the inferior competitor. On the contrary, higher mixis investment promoted resting egg production before being excluded and thus promised a long-term benefit. In conclusion, our results suggest that mixis investment, to some extent, favored the excluded inferior competitor under fierce competition or some other adverse conditions.
Expression responses of five cold tolerant related genes to two temperature dropping treatments in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Environmental conditions, including ambient temperature, play important roles in survival, growth development, and reproduction of the Japanese sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Low temperatures result in slowed growth and skin ulceration disease. In a previous study, we investigated the effect of low temperature on gene expression profiles in A. japonicus by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Genes encoding Ferritin, Lysozyme, Hsp70, gp96, and AjToll were selected from a subtracted cDNA library of A. japonicus under acute cold stress. The transcriptional expression profiles of these genes were investigated in different tissues (coelomocyte, respiratory tree, intestine, longitudinal muscle) after exposure to acute and mild temperature dropping treatments. The results show that (1) the five cold-tolerance-related genes were found in all four tissues and the highest mRNA levels were observed in coelomocyte and respiratory tree; (2) under the temperature dropping treatments, three types of transcriptional regulation patterns were observed: primary suppression followed by up-regulation at -2°C, suppressed expression throughout the two treatments, and more rarely an initial stimulation followed by suppression; and (3) gene expression suppression was more severe under acute temperature dropping than under mild temperature dropping treatment. The five cold-tolerance-related genes that were distributed mainly in coelomocyte and respiratory tissues were generally down-regulated by low temperature stress but an inverse up-regulation event was found at the extreme temperature (-2°C).
脑电生物反馈疗法在焦虑障碍中的应用

焦虑障碍(anxiety disorders)是一种比较常见的情绪障碍,在临床上通常表现为持续的、没有明确对象或者固定内容的紧张、不安,对人们生活中的一些问题过分担忧或烦恼,它包括惊恐障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、恐怖障碍、强迫障碍和创伤后应激障碍等,,其年患病率约为5.6% ~ 19.3%, 终身患病率约为14.4% ~28.8%。长期以来,临床上对于焦虑障碍的治疗多采用药物治疗结合心理治疗的方法。目前,常用的抗焦虑药物如苯二氮卓类(benzodiazepines)存在嗜睡、头昏、记忆力减退等不良反应,且具依赖性或成瘾性,停药时还可能出现戒断症状;而心理治疗则周期相对较长、依从性差、费用昂贵,且难以在短期内达到临床治愈的理想目标。因此,无论药物治疗还是心理治疗在焦虑障碍的临床治疗中均受到一定限制。
北京市朝阳区室内外空气中细颗粒物污染状况分析及相关性研究

大气颗粒物是指大气中固体和液体颗粒物的总称,其中粒径小于或等于2.5 μm的被称之为细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))。大量的研究表明,较小颗粒物对人体健康危害的程度高于较大的颗粒物,PM_(2.5)粒径小,有毒、有害物质富含量大且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。2013年初全国多地出现持续、大范围雾霾天气,越来越多的研究显示PM_(2.5)与雾霾天气密切相关。由于PM_(2.5)体积较小,因此能轻易透过鼻纤毛,进而进入肺部,给人体造成损害,是空气中的有害物质。研究证实,PM_(2.5)可通过呼吸道到达并聚集在肺泡表面,引起肺气肿等疾病,PM_(2.5)中的可溶物质经血液循环系统到达全身部位,引起心血管系统、细胞组织、免疫系统等破坏,从而导致更严重的疾病。Schwartz等利用时间序列分析方法发现,当大气中PM_(2.5)浓度增加10 μg/m~3时,研究人群的总死亡率由2.1%上升到3.75%。近年来PM_(2.5)被世界各国纳入环境空气质量评价指标,成为备受关注的重点大气污染物。笔者对北京市朝阳区室内外PM_(2.5)的污染状况及两者的相关性进行了初步分析。
Kinematics of syn-tectonic unconformities and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Hala’alat Mountains at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin. In this area, rocks are Carboniferous, with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles. Among these strata, seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of: the Permian Jiamuhe Formation, the Permian Fengcheng Formation, the Triassic Baikouquan Formation, the Jurassic Badaowan Formation, the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene. On the basis of balanced sections, these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas, the following conclusions are proposed: the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferouseearly Permian; the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late PermianeTriassic Durbut sinistral slip fault; the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic eearly Cretaceous, and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift. All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement.
Northward subduction-related orogenesis of the southern Altaids: Constraints from structural and metamorphic analysis of the HP/UHP accretionary complex in Chinese southwestern Tianshan, NW China

The Chinese Tianshan belt of the southern Altaids has undergone a complicated geological evolution. Different theories have been proposed to explain its evolution and these are still hotly debated. The major subduction polarity and the way of accretion are the main problems. Southward, northward subduction and multiple subduction models have been proposed. This study focuses on the structural geology of two of the main faults in the region, the South Tianshan Fault and the Nikolaev Line. The dip direction in the Muzhaerte valley is southward and lineations all point towards the NW. Two shear sense motions have been observed within both of these fault zones, a sinistral one, and a dextral one, the latter with an age of 236-251 Ma. Structural analyses on the fault zones show that subduction has been northward rather than southward. The two shear sense directions indicate that the Yili block was first dragged along towards the east due to the clockwise rotation of the Tarim block. After the Tarim block stopped rotating, the Yili block still kept going eastward, inducing the dextral shear senses within the fault zones.
The final collision of the CAOB: Constraint from the zircon UePb dating of the Linxi Formation, Inner Mongolia

The Linxi Formation occupies an extensive area in the eastern Inner Mongolia in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Linxi Formation is composed of slate, siltstone, sandstone and plant, lamellibranch microfossils in the associated strata. Major and trace element data (including REE) for sand-stones from the formation indicate that these rocks have a greywacke protolith and have been deposited during a strong tectonic activity. LA-ICPMS UePb dating of detrital zircons yield ages of 1801 to 238 Ma for four samples from the Linxi Formation. 425-585 Ma, together with the w500 Ma age for the metamorphism event previously determined for Northeast China, indicates that their provenance is the metamorphic rocks of Pan-African age that have a tectonic affinity to NE China. A few older zircons with UePb ages at 1689-1801 Ma, 1307-1414 Ma, 593-978 Ma are also present, revealing the Neoproterozoic history of NE China. The youngest population shows a peak at ca. 252 Ma, suggesting that the main deposition of the Linxi Formation was at late Permain. Moreover, the ca. 250 Ma zircon grains of all four samples yield weighted mean ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 250 ± 3 Ma, 248 ± 3 Ma, 249 ± 3 Ma, and 250 ± 2 Ma, respectively. These ages, together with the youngest zircon age in the sample ZJB-28 (ca. 238 Ma), suggest that the deposition of the Linxi Formation extended to the early Triassic. Combining with previous results, we suggest that the final collision of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in the southern of Linxi Formation, which located in the SolonkereXra MoroneChangchun suture, and the timing for final collision should be at early Triassic.
Attosecond pulse generation from two-electron harmonic emission spectrum

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation and attosecond pulse generation when a two-electron He atom is exposed to the intense laser pulse. It shows that due to the two-electron double recombination mechanism, an extended plateau beyond the classical single-electron harmonic has been obtained on the two-electron harmonic spectrum. Further by using this two-electron harmonic extension scheme combined with the two-color field, two supercontinuum bandwidths with 200 eV have been obtained. As a result, a series of sub-60 as extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses have been directly generated.
外伤后迟发性脑积水形成相关危险因素探讨

目的: 分析多个危险因素与外伤后迟发性脑积水发生的关系,为临床预防与治疗提供依据。方法: 回顾性分析明确诊断的193例颅脑外伤患者,并分别对其GCS评分、脑挫裂伤、开颅去骨瓣减压、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑室出血、腰穿/腰大池持续脑脊液外引流与外伤后迟发性脑积水发生之间的关系,进行单因素和多因素的Logistic分析。结果:35例(18.1%)颅脑外伤患者发生了迟发性脑积水,Logistic回归分析发现,GCS评分、脑室出血、去骨瓣减压、腰穿/腰大池持续脑脊液外引流为影响外伤后迟发性脑积水发生的相关因素(P<0.05),其中腰穿/腰大池持续脑脊液外引流为其保护因素(P=0.024)。结论:外伤后昏迷程度、脑室出血、去骨瓣减压是外伤后迟发性脑积水形成的危险因素,而早期进行腰穿或腰大池持续脑脊液外引流可明显减少脑积水的发生。
化疗联合热疗治疗大肠癌肝转移疗效观察

目的:探讨化疗联合热疗治疗大肠癌肝转移的疗效和不良反应。方法:收集78例大肠癌肝转移患者资料,化疗联合热疗患者38例为治疗组,按照NCCN指南给予奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶(FOLFOX)或伊立替康联合氟尿嘧啶(FOLFIRI)或单药卡培他滨的化疗方案,同时给予肝脏转移病灶局部热疗。单纯化疗患者40例为对照组,化疗方案与治疗组相同。回顾性分析比较两组的疗效、生活质量与毒性反应。结果:1治疗组有效率(CR+PR)为39.4%,对照组有效率(CR+PR)为37.5%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2与对照组相比,化疗联合热疗组患者体力状况评分明显改善(P<0.05);3所有入组患者的血液学毒性皆以Ⅰ级骨髓抑制为主,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),非血液学毒性为脱发、发热、消化道反应(恶心呕吐、腹泻)、肝功能异常(胆红素)、肾功能异常(肌酐、尿素氮),两组不良反应均以恶心呕吐及肝功能异常为主,两组间各项毒性指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:化疗联合热疗对照单纯化疗治疗大肠癌肝转移患者疗效无明显差异,但能改善患者生活质量,并不增加患者不良反应。
逍遥散干预慢性应激焦虑状态概述

慢性应激焦虑状态的病理机制与肝失疏泄、气郁不畅密切相关。逍遥散是疏肝解郁的经典方,临床上多采用逍遥散原方或化裁方来改善焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍。逍遥散的作用机制可能是通过调节海马、杏仁核、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、免疫功能紊乱来发挥疏肝解郁的功效,其中杏仁核中的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子1(CRF1)受体及受体后信号通路介导了慢性应激损伤的作用机制,用其来探讨逍遥散的作用机制具有可行性,有助于明确逍遥散改善慢性应激焦虑状态的作用机制。
七情"思"的含义及其在中医理论框架中的地位

现代对七情之"思"含义的认识,有隶属情志范畴与认知范畴的争议,如果将七情之"思"视为某种基本或复合情绪看待,不仅至今难以确定"思"为何种情绪,而且也与现代情绪心理学难以融通。如果将七情之"思"作为思考、思虑看待,则明显不属于情志活动的范畴,同时与病因之劳神过度重复,不符合理论简洁性的原则。因此,在中医理论框架的建构中,应将"思"从情志病因中剔除,从生理的角度而言,可置于有关神的论述之中;从病因的角度,应归属于劳神过度。
The Crystallization Behavior of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) in the Presence of Organically Modified Clay with a Wide Range of Loadings

The crystallization behavior of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) nanocomposites with a wide range of contents of clays was revealed. It was of interest to find that the crystallization rate of PBS was accelerated obviously at relatively low contents of clays; while a retarded crystallization kinetics and a decreased crystallinity of PBS were found in the nanocomposites with higher clay contents. Two interplaying effects existed in the nanocomposites, i.e., a suppression effect of clays on nucleation and a templating effect of clays on crystal growth, were clarified to contribute to this intriguing crystallization behavior.
肺炎支原体直接损伤及其免疫学致病机制研究进展

肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Mp)是儿童社区获得性肺炎的主要病原体,20%~40%的儿童呼吸道感染是由Mp感染所致。Mp除可引起肺炎支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP)、咽炎等呼吸系统疾病之外,还可导致皮肤损害、免疫性溶血性贫血、支原体脑炎、心肌炎等多系统的肺外并发症。近年来MPP发病率逐年上升,尤其是抗大环内酯类Mp的出现,给临床治疗带来困难。Mp的致病机制尚未明确,目前认为Mp对宿主直接造成损伤及机体免疫应答紊乱是Mp致病的主要因素,现从这两方面对Mp的致病机制综述如下。
Observation and analysis of near-surface atmospheric aerosol optical properties in urban Beijing

Year-round measurements of the mass concentration and optical properties of fine aerosols (PM_(2.5)) from June 2009 to May 2010 at an urban site in Beijing were analyzed. The annual mean values of the PM_(2.5) mass concentration, absorption coefficient (Ab), scattering coefficient (Sc) and single scattering albedo (SSA) at 525 nm were 67 ±66 μg/m~3, 64 ±62 Mm~(-1), 360 ±405 Mm~(-1) and 0.82 ±0.09,respectively. The bulk mass absorption efficiency and scattering efficiency of the PM_(2.5) at 525 nm were 0.78 m~2/g and 5.55 m~2/g, respectively. The Ab and Sc showed a similar diurnal variation with a maximum at night and a minimum in the afternoon, whereas SSA displayed an opposite diurnal pattern. Significant increases in the Ab and Sc were observed in pollution episodes caused by the accumulation of pollutants from both local and regional sources under unfavorable weather conditions. Aerosol loadings in dust events increased by several times in the spring, which had limited effects on the Ab and Sc due to the low absorption and scattering efficiency of dust particles. The frequency of haze days was the highest in autumn because of the high aerosol absorption and scattering under unfavorable weather conditions. The daily PM_(2.5) concentration should be controlled to a level lower than 64 μg/m~3 to prevent the occurrence of haze days according to its exponentially decreased relationship with visibility.
Natural infectious behavior of the urediniospores of Melampsora larici-populina on poplar leaves

The uredinial stage in the life cycle of Melampsora larici-populina on poplar leaves is the most important pathogenic phase. We captured partial phases of uredinial infection in the wild, aiming to reconstruct the process of uredinial ontogeny by using scanning and transmission electron microscope. At the initial infection stage, germ tubes germinated from the echinulate urediniospores. Germ tubes were frequently seen to merge with the leaf surface and cuticle breakage was observed, indicating direct hyphal penetration. Stomata penetration occurred commonly, sometimes with more than one germ tube penetrating the same stoma. Melampsora larici-populina did not form appressoria in the infection process, implying that infectious behavior of this pathogen may differ from the other rust pathogens. In general, germ tubes branched randomly, and no distinct evidence indicated that stoma could induce or orient germ tube branches. However, oriented germ tube growth has been occasionally observed in other studies. The urediniospores collapsed and finally wizened when they became nutrient stressed. At the last stage of infection, the uredinia erupted from the leaf epidermis and appeared as orange pustules on the leaf surface.
Effects of thinning on stand structure and tree stability in an afforested oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand in northeast Turkey

We studied relationships between stand structure and stand stability according to thinning intensity in an afforested oriental beech stand. Various thinning intensities were applied in sample stands. We sampled eight plots in stands that were lightly thinned, eight plots in heavily thinned stands and eight plots in unthinned stands as a control. Height and diameter distributions of the stands were measured to assess stand structure. We quantified individual tree stability and collective stability. Heavy thinning during the first thinning operation damaged the storied structure of the stand in thicket stage and affected collective structuring ability. While most control plots had multi-storied stands, after light and heavy thinning two-storied structure became more common. Large gaps occurred in the canopy after heavy thinning. On average, nine tree collectives were formed per sampling plot in the untreated stand, seven collectives after thinning in 2008 and four collectives after thinning in 2009. Stable trees accounted for 17 % of trees in control plots, 24 % in lightly thinned plots, and 15 % in heavily thinned plots. Collective stability values were 83 % in control plots, 82 % in lightly thinned plots and 36 % in heavily thinned plots. We conclude that it is necessary to retain collective structuring capacity during thinning operations for sustaining stand stability.
Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was 100 μmol.L~(-1), where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mg.g~(-1) was obtained following 6-day cultivation with 100 μmol.L~(-1) SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control (p < 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with 50 μmol.L~(-1) MeJA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mg.g~(-1), which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and MeJA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H. erinaceus mycelium.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Reduction and Smelting-separation Process of Copper Slag

The characteristics and mechanism of the reduction and smelting-separation process of the copper slag were studied by investigating the variation rule of metallization ratio, yield as well as carbon content of iron nuggets. The formation of molten slag is necessary for slag-iron separation, and iron is in half-molten state during smelting-separation process, the carbon content of which is about 1.25%. Carburization occurs through direct contact between carbon and iron in essence, no matter in solid or molten state. The carburization rate is slow below 1200 ℃, which is inhibited by the existence of slag. Residual FeO in molten slag tends to form fayalite with SiO_2 in the copper slag, which is the root cause for the low melting temperature of copper slag. The addition of CaO improves the reducibility of the copper slag, but Al_2O_3 addition has no obvious effect. The melting temperature of slag affects the carburization extent in solid state, while the content of FeO in molten slag affects that in molten state, both of which co-determine the carbon content in iron nuggets.
Austenite Grain Refinement by Reverse α'→γ Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Manganese Steel

Microstructure of metastable austenitic manganese steel after reverse transformation treatment was investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical resistivity and hardness testing. Austenite grain refinement was successfully achieved by a two-step heat treatment. First, martensite was produced by cooling the solution-treated samples to -196 ℃. Then, the deep cryogenic treated samples were heated to 850 ℃ upon slow or rapid heating. The mean size of original austenite grain was about 400 μm. But the mean size of equiaxed reversion austenite was refined to 50 μm. Microstructure evolution and electrical resistivity change showed that martensite plates underwent tempering action upon slow heating, and the residual austenite was decomposed, resulting in the formation of pearlite nodules at the austenite grains boundaries. The refinement mechanism upon slow heating is the diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth of austenite. However, the reverse transformation upon rapid heating was predominated by displacive manner. The residual austenite was not decomposed. The plate α-phase was carbon-supersaturated until the starting of reverse transformation. The reverse transformation was accompanied by surface effect, resulting in the formation of plate austenite with high density dislocations. The refinement mechanism upon rapid heating is the recrystallization of displacive reversed austenite.
A High-Efficiency Broadband Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector with a Composite Optical Structure

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with a composite optical structure composed of phase-grating and optical cavity structures are designed to enhance both the system detection efficiency and the response bandwidth. Numerical simulation by the finite-difference time-domain method shows that the photon absorption capacity of SNSPDs with a composite optical structure can be enhanced significantly by adjusting the parameters of the phase-grating and optical cavity structures at multiple frequency bands. The absorption capacity of the superconducting nanowires reaches 70%, 72%, 60.73%, 61.7%, 41.2%, and 46.5% at wavelengths of 684, 850, 732, 924, 1256, and 1426 nm, respectively. The use of a composite optical structure reduces the total filling factor of superconducting nanowires to only 0.25, decreases the kinetic inductance of SNSPDs, and improves the count rates.
Liquid Concentration Sensing Properties of Microfibers with a Nanoscale-Structured Film

A type of compact solution concentration sensor based on a microfiber with a nanoscale-structured film is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Additional loss at different solution concentrations is calculated by means of the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. The microfiber is fabricated by using the flame-heated scanning technique. Nanoscale-structured film is coated on the microfiber surface, which is assembled as a sensing unit. The sensitivity of this kind of sensor increases with the decreasing diameters of the microfiber. When the diameter of the microfiber is 2 μm, a minimum concentration sensitivity of 1% (under 450 s measuring time) is demonstrated in the experiment. Higher sensitivity can be attained when the solution concentration is higher. The sensing properties of this microfiber with the nanoscale-structured film may provide opportunities for new applications in optical sensing devices.
A Theoretical Investigation on Rectifying Performance of a Single Motor Molecular Device

We report ab initio calculations of the transport behavior of a phenyl substituted molecular motor. The calculated results show that the transport behavior of the device is sensitive to the rotation degree of the rotor part. When the rotor part is parallel with the stator part, a better rectifying performance can be found in the current-voltage curve. However, when the rotor part revolves to vertical with the stator part, the currents in the positive bias region decrease slightly. More importantly, the rectifying performance disappears. Thus this offers us a new method to modulate the rectifying behavior in molecular devices.
A Transmission-Type Electrically Tunable Polarizer Based on Graphene Ribbons at Terahertz Wave Band

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate that a transmission-type electrically tunable polarizer can be realized by using graphene ribbons supported on a dielectric film with a graphene sheet behind. The polarization mechanism originates from the antenna plasmon resonance of graphene stripes. The results of full-wave numerical simulations reveal that transmittance of 0.70 for one polarization and 0.0073 for another polarization can be obtained at normal incidence. The transmission-type electrically tunable polarizer provides and facilitates a variety of applications, including filtering, detecting, and imaging.