mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
铁皮石斛产业及市场发展初探

调研铁皮石斛产业发展现状、特点、面临的问题、竞争状态、潜在风险及市场发展现状,消费趋势。铁皮石斛产业发展迅速,但规模不大,才刚刚起步;产业具有高科技,高投入,高风险,高回报特点;未进入国家新资源食品品种,重金属和农残无统一标准、种苗品种杂乱、伪品冲击市场,无全国性知名品牌是目前行业发展面临的主要问题;浙江、云南两省是行业龙头省份,浙江在产业链各环节均具有先发优势,云南则在种植环节占优势;种植上的过量施药肥及快速增长的种植面积引发的价格下降是行业潜在的风险;低肥低药的有机种植是趋势;铁皮石斛鲜品、复方产品是消费趋势,铁皮石斛产品送礼已形成风尚,品牌企业将是未来的行业龙头。
半极性面上生长InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构在LED制备中的应用

利用选择性横向外延生长法可以沿不同的生长方向生长出不同的GaN半极性面,进而可以生长出不同的半极性多量子阱LED结构.这种结构可以实现单芯片LED的多波长发光,结果表明:_通过生长模板和生长条件的改变可以控制不同GaN半极性面的形成,从而控制InGaN/GaN多量子阱LED的发光波长从蓝光到绿光甚至是白光可调控。
儿童急性脑损伤后迟发性脑病8例临床分析

迟发性脑病(delayed neuropsychologic sequelae,DNS)多见于急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒后续期,是指患者在神志清醒后,经过一段时间的假愈期,突然发生以痴呆、精神症状和椎体外系为主的神经系统疾病。假愈期的患者仅表面症状在恢复,而病理过程还在继续进行着。国内外相关的研究很多,大多是关于成人CO中毒或者有机磷中毒迟发性脑病的报道,在儿童比较少见。本文结合文献分析8例小儿急性脑DNS的临床资料及随访结果。
噬血细胞综合征4例报告

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH)又称噬血细胞综合征(hemophagocytic syndrome,HPS)是儿童期少见但病死率极高的疾病,是由于淋巴细胞和组织细胞过度增生活化,细胞因子风暴形成引起多器官炎症反应而导致的临床综合征。主要表现为发热、肝脾肿大和血细胞减少,有的还伴有严重的神经系统症状。按照病因可分为原发性和获得性两大类。本文回顾性分析2012年2-12月就诊于本院并临床诊断为HLH的4例患儿的临床、预后,以及采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合直接测序法检测穿孔素基因外显子编码区突变的结果。
海洋沉积物原核微生物多样性研究进展

海洋占地球表面积的71%,蕴藏着丰富的生物资源。随着人类探索自然的能力不断增强,海洋已不是神秘、变化莫测及人类难以驾驭的象征。由美国斯隆基金会(Sloan Foundation)发起的首次国际海洋生物普查计划(Census of Marine Life, CoML)表明,海洋环境中还有大量新的物种,该计划把世界海洋归纳为人类活动的边缘、隐藏的边界、中央水域、活跃的地质带、冰冷的海洋和微生物这六大领域,其中微生物作为调查难度最大的领域,同时也是充满大量新物种和稀有物种的领域。海洋沉积物拥有非常复杂的类型,是海洋微生物重要的栖息场所。海洋沉积物是指通过海流搬运、波浪和重力等动力搬运过程而沉积、覆盖、堆积在海底的泥、沙等无机物质和生物残骸等有机物的统称。丰富的海洋环境孕育着不同种类的海洋沉积物,这些沉积物既包括受海洋潮汐、波浪和海流等海洋过程形成的滨海海岸带沉积,也包括由海洋生物成分(钙质及硅质)及非生物成分(陆源、自生、海底火山、宇宙尘埃等)。事实上海洋沉积物的多样性在决定海洋环境物种数量和影响深海物种多样性等方面都起到了非常重要的作用。作者统计近10年(2000年~2010年)来,微生物科学家从海洋沉积物(marine sediments)中鉴定并在《Int J Syst Evol Microbiol》、《Appl Environ Microbiol》、《Syst Appl Microbiol》、《FEMS Microbiol Lett》、《J Microbiol》、《J Mi-crobiol Biotechnol》等国际微生物权威杂志上有效发表约的160余种原核微生物。物种作为生物多样性的基本度量单位,这些海洋沉积物中微生物新物种的不断发现,是对海洋微生物资源多样性的有力扩充。
On-line Monitoring of Insulation Dielectric Loss Factor Based on Balance Principle

This paper proposes a new on-line measuring method for tan δ of insulation based on passive current sensors. The new method avoids the difficulties encountered during producing sensors with high precision for ratio error and phase displacement error, thus it is cost-effective and of high accuracy. Combining a phase difference algorithm with the computer technology, the method is suitable for micro-controller unit (MCU). The practicability of the method is validated by field tests, thus its anti-interference ability is confirmed.
岩藻糖基转移酶2和3基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎的关系

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组病因不明的慢性肠道非特异性炎症性疾病, 主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD), 我国以UC多见。肠道菌群在IBD发病机制中的重要作用已被广泛证实。岩藻糖基转移酶(FUT)2和FUT3基因分别位于人类染色体19q13和19p13, 两者共同决定组织血型抗原(HBGA)在肠道内的表达, 包括ABH抗原和Lewis抗原。HBGA不仅是幽门螺杆菌、弯曲杆菌、诺如病毒、轮状病毒等微生物的黏附受体, 还充当碳源, 为某些细菌(如拟杆菌属)的代谢提供能量, 因此HBGA的表达可能影响肠道菌群的组成。目前研究显示FUT2基因多态性可能是影响肠道菌群构成的重要遗传因素。McGovern等报道FUT2是高加索人群CD的易感基因。但有关FUT2与UC易感性的研究结果却不一致, 且国内外至今少见FUT3基因多态性与IBD相关性的报道。本研究拟在浙江汉族人群中探讨FUT2和FUT3基因多态性与UC易感性的关系。
根除幽门螺杆菌疗法对肠道菌群影响的研究现状

1984年Warren和Marshall在胃内分离出幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp), 从此揭开了Hp与消化疾病研究的新纪元。Hp是微需氧型革兰阴性杆菌, 在世界范围内约50%的人群中存在胃内定植。已经证实Hp与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤和胃癌等疾病之间有着非常密切的关系。2012年我国第四次幽门螺杆菌感染诊治共识也明确提出对消化性溃疡和胃MALT淋巴瘤患者强烈推荐根除Hp, 慢性胃炎伴消化不良症状、有胃癌家族史、计划长期服用非甾体消炎药等10种情况推荐根除Hp。根除治疗方案为质子泵抑制剂(PPI)和抗菌药物联合疗法, 并被推荐为治疗Hp感染的标准疗法。但在Hp根除治疗时也会杀灭肠道有益菌, 导致菌群失调, 目前对于根除Hp导致肠道菌群改变的研究较少, 现就此进展综述如下。
博落回中生物碱质谱裂解规律研究进展

博落回中生物碱的代谢途径可简化为:氨基酸→苄基异喹啉类生物碱→四氢原小檗碱型生物碱(或者转化成阿朴芬类生物碱)→N-甲基-四氢原小檗碱型生物碱(或者转化成原小檗碱型生物碱)→普罗托品类生物碱→二氢苯并菲啶类生物碱→苯并菲啶类生物碱→苯并菲啶类生物碱二聚体。对博落回代谢途径中9类生物碱质谱裂解规律的总结,为利用质谱裂解方式初步确定生物碱的结构类型;利用LC-MS鉴定不同产地、不同时期、不同部位博落回中标识性生物碱;以博落回中生物碱为原料而开发的中兽药药动学以及药物残留的研究;解析博落回中微量生物碱的结构式以及对其他天然药物中同类生物碱的质谱研究提供参考。
脑膜炎球菌性疾病和疫苗

脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的感染性疾病谱很广泛，主要包括脑膜炎、脓毒症、肺炎等。在20世纪20年代之前，脑膜炎球菌性疾病的病死率高达70％。随着磺胺等抗生素的发现，其病死率明显下降。尽管有适当的抗生素治疗，但在过去的20年中脑膜炎病死率为9%～12%，而脓毒症高达40％。目前许多国家已将脑膜炎球菌疫苗纳入国家免疫接种规划，以有效控制脑膜炎球菌感染的传播，并进一步降低疾病造成的危害。
An oil slick spectral experiment of nearshore sea water in the East China Sea

Along with the rapid advance in global industrialization, oil spill events caused by offshore operations, trans-portation and accidents are increasing. Compared with ship surveys, monitoring oil spills through remote sensing has real-time, comprehensive, low-cost advantages, which can effectively guide cleaning and evalu-ation, and reduce the marine ecological destruction resulting from oil spills. Therefore, studying the remote sensing mechanism used to monitor marine oil spills is of great significance for ecological environmen-tal protection. This paper describes an experiment and corresponding analysis based on the above-water method, using the East China Sea coastal turbid water. The analysis shows that“upward short-wave”in ultraviolet and blue-purple bands and its displacement, along with the changing thickness, are important characteristics for distinguishing between the oil slick and the sea water, and also to differentiate oil slicks of different thicknesses. From blue to near-infrared bands, the spectrum of lube oil is flatter than that of diesel, and the diesel spectrum rises faster than the lube spectrum on the right side of the trough at 400 nm. These two features form an important basis for differentiating diesel from lube oil. These analyses will further the development of oil spill remote sensing in the East China Sea.
Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface

Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain-fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin-ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans-fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall.
The water mass variability and southward shift of the Southern Hemisphere mid-depth supergyre

The Southern Hemisphere subtropical supergyre at intermediate depths connects all three ocean basins and plays a significant role in responding and conveying the climate-change-related variations in the glob-al ocean. On the basis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) ocean reanalysis, the thermohaline variability and southward shift of the mid-depth supergyre are demonstrated. The steric height of the sub-surface relative to 1 500 m (400-1 500 m) from the SODA depicts exactly the flow patterns and variability of the oceanic supergyre. During 1958-2007 the water masses in the gyre interiors become cooler/fresher, with the significant exceptions of the Agulhas Current system and Agulhas leakage. The results also exhibit a pronounced strengthening of the inter-basin connection of the supergyre, and the strongest southward shift, by about 2.5o over the whole period, occurs in the central-south Pacific, which is associated with the changes in the basin-scale wind forcing.
How to transmit disaster information effectively: A linguistic perspective on Japan’s Tsunami Warnings and Evacuation Instructions

When the disastrous tsunamis hit East Japan on 11 March 2011, the hi-tech information transmission system that is the pride of Japan was unable to send out the Tsunami Warnings effectively; many lives were lost as a result. Subsequently, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) set up a committee of experts to improve the overall system. Last year as a result of their meetings, a report on The Improvement of the Information Text for the Tsunami Warnings was announced. The changes are, however, problematic from the linguistics perspective as the committee did not include any experts in the field. This study examines a range of recordings of the Tsunami Warnings and the Evacuation Instructionsi given for the East Japan tsunami disaster from the perspective of linguistics, especially pragmatics, whose main objective is to discover how recipients interpret verbal messages. The aim of this article is to propose further improvement to the transmission system of Tsunami Warnings and Evacuation Instructions. This study also emphasizes the necessity and importance of reexamining the overall disaster information transmission issue in Japan, from the linguistics perspective.
热力学和动力学双重控制下的大气降水溶蚀-充填机制

受构造抬升运动的影响, 塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩多次暴露至地表遭受大气降水溶蚀改造, 形成丰富的岩溶孔洞型油气储集空间. 但钻井表明许多大型岩溶洞穴、小的孔洞、裂缝等遭受方解石的充填, 造成储集性能变差. 塔北地区奥陶系岩溶孔洞中所充填的方解石具有非常轻的氧同位素组成和高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值, 其δ~(18)OPDB位于-21.2‰~-13.3‰, 平均值为-16.3‰, ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值位于0.709561~0.710070, 平均值为0.709843. 同位素组成表明岩溶孔洞中所充填的方解石与大气降水有关. 理论分析表明, 大气降水对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀和充填作用受热力学和动力学双重机制控制. 碳酸盐岩溶解的热力学因素决定大气降水在从地表向地下流动过程中对碳酸盐岩具有从溶解到饱和再到沉淀充填的作用特征, 即地表之下大气降水对碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用发育的深度具有一定限度, 而不能无限制的向深处发展; 碳酸盐岩溶解的动力学因素控制着岩溶作用发育的强度、深度和广度, 即岩溶作用还受地形地貌、气候、断裂/裂缝发育程度等多种因素制约. 在热力学和动力学因素共同控制下, 大气降水对塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩的岩溶作用仅在不整合面之下一定深度(多数200 m)范围内发生, 再往深处则会沉淀碳酸盐岩矿物, 从而造成对已有空间的充填作用.
川东北长兴-飞仙关组原油裂解型气藏成藏史分析

采用储层流体包裹体、固体沥青有机岩石学与~(13)C-NMR(CP/MAS)谱分析, 结合盆地模拟技术, 对川东北普光地区油气成藏历史进行了分析. 根据固体沥青包裹体特征、储层固体沥青双反射和高芳碳率特征, 证实了川东北长兴-飞仙关组储层固体沥青的为高演化阶段的原油裂解形成的焦沥青, 天然气具有原油裂解成因. 通过单井热史、生烃史的盆地模拟, 结合流体包裹体均一化温度及构造演化历史分析, 本人认为川东北飞仙关组天然气藏经历了三期的油气充注过程: 第一期油气充注发生于185~180 Ma的早侏罗世中晚期, 主要是下志留统烃源岩的大量生烃, 对应包裹体均一化温度在80~110℃, 代表了燕山早期阶段初始油藏的形成过程; 第二期油气充注在165~138 Ma, 代表了燕山中期快速沉降阶段二叠系烃源岩大量生油阶段的油气充注过程, 对应充注温度在120~155℃; 第三期油气充注发生在110~65 Ma, 主要代表了储层原油裂解生气过程, 对应充注温度160~210℃. 喜马拉雅期的调整改造造就了现今气田的分布面貌.
追述1953年一个引起暴雨的小低气压

20世纪50年代初,已经认识到冷空气的参与是长江中下游雨季(特别是梅雨季节)降水过程的必要条件。而对冷空气的来源有两种不同的看法:一种比较早的意见认为,鄂霍次克海及其附近海面来的极地海洋变性气团(mPk),是梅雨季节降水的冷空气主要来源;因而认为梅雨锋系是极地海洋变性气团(mPk)与热带海洋变性气团(mTw)或赤道海洋变性气团(mEw)交绥的结果。第二种看法,也就是后来几年的看法,认为大陆来的极地大陆变性气团(cPk)才是梅雨季节冷空气的主要来源。
Novel Natural Allelic Variations at the Rht-1 Loci in Wheat

Plant height is an important agronomic trait. Dramatic increase in wheat yield during the“green revolution”is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the Reduced height (Rht)-1 gene. We analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci Rht-A1, Rht-B1, and Rht-D1 in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) micro-core collections and the Rht-B1/D1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified EcoTILLING. We identified six new Rht-A1 allelic variations (Rht-A1b-g), eight new Rht-B1 allelic variations (Rht-B1h-o), and six new Rht-D1 allelic variations (Rht-D1e-j). These allelic variations contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or small insertions and deletions in the coding or uncoding regions, involving two frame-shift mutations and 15 missenses. Of which, Rht-D1e and Rht-D1h resulted in the loss of interactions of GID1-DELLA-GID2, Rht-B1i could increase plant height. We found that the Rht-B1h contains the same SNPs and 197 bp fragment insertion as reported in Rht-B1c. Further detection of Rht-B1h in Tibet wheat germplasms and wheat relatives indicated that Rht-B1c may originate from Rht-B1h. These results suggest rich genetic diversity at the Rht-1 loci and provide new resources for wheat breeding.
儿童及成人中枢听处理障碍诊断、治疗及干预--美国听力学会临床实践指南

以下临床指南为儿童及成人(中枢)听处理障碍[(cen-tral) auditory processing disorder,(C)APD]的诊断、治疗及干预提供循证医学建议。美国听力学会(The American A-cademy of Audiology,AAA)任命了一个工作组撰写了本文件,为从事该领域工作的临床工作人员提供指导,同时也为AAA及其会员提供了与公众交流的平台。该指南建立于之前其它专业协会[如美国言语-语言听力学会(American Speech-Language-Hearing Association,ASHA)等]及工作组(如Jerger & Musiek,2000等)对(C)APD陈述报告的基础上,并对其进行扩充而形成的。本指南主要围绕(C) A PD的四个方面:①患者的病史及入选标准,②诊断,③干预,及④专业问题、教育及训练。指南强调以下几点并包括以下建议。
Ding Projective and Ding Injective Modules

An R-module M is called Ding projective if there exists an exact sequence ? → P_1→ P_0→ P~0→ P~1→ ? of projective R-modules with M=Ker(P~0→ P~1) such that Hom(-,F) leaves the sequence exact whenever F is a flat R-module. In this paper, we develop some basic properties of such modules. Also, properties of Ding injective modules are discussed.
基于数据包络分析的广东省卫生资源配置效率评价

目的对广东省近期的卫生资源配置效率进行研究,寻找有效的资源配置措施和途径,为进一步优化卫生资源配置提出政策建议.方法使用数据包络分析(DEA)理论及方法,对广东省卫生资源配置的横向和纵向效率进行相关分析和评价.结果数据包络分析横向评估中,卫生资源配置效率存在地区差异,3个市卫生资源配置成相对有效状态；数据包络分析纵向评估中,2001-2010年卫生资源配置综合效率逐步提高,规模效益递减.结论提高规划力度,适当压缩规模；调整存量、优化结构、提升管理水平,以优化资源配置.
山东省卫生技术人员社会支持现状及相关因素分析

目的了解山东省卫生技术人员社会支持现状,探讨其影响因素.方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取山东省3个市9个县2903名卫生技术人员进行问卷调查,对其社会支持现状进行影响因素分析.结果2903名卫生技术人员的客观支持得分为9.7±3.0分,主观支持得分为27.3±4.5分,支持利用度得分为8.3+2.0分,支持总分为45.3+7.3分.多元线性回归结果显示,年龄、婚姻状况、经济状况、健康状况、学历、专业类别、科室是卫生技术人员社会支持的重要影响因素.结论山东省卫生技术人员的社会支持总体状况较好,需重点关注未婚、医护人员、年轻、内科、经济以及身体状况较差的卫生技术人员.
HPLC法测定妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏中妥布霉素含量的不确定度分析

目的建立HPLC法测定妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏中妥布霉素含量的不确定度评定方法.方法建立数学模型,对含量测定过程中各影响因素进行分析评估.结果三批妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏中妥布霉素含量测定的扩展不确定度分别为1.6%,1.7%和1.5%(k=2).结论该方法可用于HPLC法测定妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏中妥布霉素含量的不确定度评定.
不同检测方法对杂交水稻种子发芽影响的研究

试验以杂交籼稻Ⅱ优084为材料,通过设置不同的发芽温度、发芽床及浸泡处理方式进行发芽试验比较,得出差异,以求探索一种快速、方便、更适于杂交籼稻种子发芽试验检测方法.试验结果表明:在恒温30℃发芽条件下,种子经发芽箱内预先浸种24h,再选用纸床(TS)进行发芽的方法是杂交籼稻发芽试验中优选检测方法.
利用茎尖建立红三叶快速再生体系的研究

植物快速有效的再生体系是农杆菌转化基础条件,缩短再生植株形成时间,可有效加速植物遗传转化工作.本试验拟以带子叶红三叶茎尖为外植体,选用不同浓度配比激素的培养基,诱导红三叶(Trifolium pretense L.)茎尖组织分化形成再生苗,以期建立一种简单快速的豆科牧草再生体系.结果表明:红三叶茎尖组织丛生苗最佳诱导培养基为MS+8 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+0.4 mg/L KT,诱导率为89.41％;丛生苗生根培养最佳培养基为MS+8 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+0.2 mg/LKT+ 0.2 mg/L NAA,再生苗诱导率为87.02％.利用带子叶茎尖可在30 ～40 d内快速获得红三叶再生苗,为一种较为快速的豆科再生体系.
高分辨率熔解曲线分析(HRM)及其在植物种质资源鉴定中的应用

饱和荧光染料、未标记探针与实时荧光PCR结合产生的高分辨率熔解曲线分析(HRM)是一种新的实时定量技术,在核苷酸差异检测速度、灵敏度和准确性上具有突出的优点,近几年来在突变检测、遗传作图和基因分型等研究中发展迅速.本文对高分辨率熔解曲线分析的原理、特点及其在植物种质资源鉴定中的应用进行了综述.
全球冰冻圈现状和未来变化的最新评估:IPCC WGI AR5 SPM发布

政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)评估报告被认为是最具权威的气候系统变化研究结果的综合,其中第一工作组为科学基础,第二工作组为影响和脆弱性,第三工作组为适应对策,第一工作组评估报告要早于其他工作组半年以上.2013年9月23-26日,IPCC 第一工作组第12次大会在斯德哥尔摩举行,第一工作组第五次评估报告决策者摘要(IPCC WGIAR5SPM)接受各国政府代表团审议,27日正式发布,标志着该工作组第五次报告的完成.报告全文及技术摘要将由牛津大学出版社于2014年年初出版.本文试图以冰冻圈相关的结果为重点,简要介绍IPCC WGIAR5SPM的一些重要结论.
IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点

2013年9月27日,在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会第一工作组第五次评估报告《Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis》决策者摘要(Summary for Policymakers,SPM)发布,随后于9月30日公布了报告全文.报告指出,全球气候系统变暖的事实是毋庸置疑的,自1950年以来,气候系统观测到的许多变化是过去几十年甚至近千年以来史无前例的.全球几乎所有地区都经历了升温过程,变暖体现在地球表面气温和海洋温度的上升、 海平面的上升、 格陵兰和南极冰盖消融和冰川退缩、 极端气候事件频率的增加等方面.全球地表持续升温,1880-2012年全球平均温度已升高0.85 ℃[0.65~1.06 ℃]; 过去30 a,每10 a地表温度的增暖幅度高于1850年以来的任何时期.在北半球,1983-2012年可能是最近1 400 a来气温最高的30 a.特别是1971-2010年间海洋变暖所吸收热量占地球气候系统热能储量的90%以上,海洋上层(0~700 m)已经变暖.与此同时,1979-2012年北极海冰面积每10 a以3.5%~4.1%的速度减少; 自20世纪80年代初以来,大多数地区多年冻土层的温度已升高.全球气候变化是由自然影响因素和人为影响因素共同作用形成的,但对于1950年以来观测到的变化,人为因素极有可能是显著和主要的影响因素.目前,大气中温室气体浓度持续显著上升,CO_2、 CH_4和N_2O等温室气体的浓度已上升到过去800 ka来的最高水平,人类使用化石燃料和土地利用变化是温室气体浓度上升的主要原因.在人为影响因素中,向大气排放CO_2的长期积累是主要因素,但非CO_2温室气体的贡献也十分显著.控制全球升温的目标与控制温室气体排放的目标有关,但由此推断的长期排放目标和排放空间数值在科学上存在着很大的不确定性.
国际SCI化学期刊导航

《Chemical Communications》(ISSN:1364-548X)是化学领域国际著名刊物,1982年创刊,是英国皇家化学会(简称RSC)主办著名的刊物之一。 自2005年为周刊(全年52期),2012年起改为每年出版100期。2012年该刊的 SCI 影响因子(Impact Factor)为6. 378。(Chemical Communications)的现任主编是麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)的 Richard R. Schrock教授;副主编13人,我国兰州大学涂永强教授和中国科学院大连化学物理研究所李灿教授是该刊的副主编。
四川甲基卡外围锂矿找矿取得突破

四川甲基卡是我国最大的伟晶岩型锂辉石矿床,已探明的锂储量居亚洲之首。“我国三稀金属资源战略调查”项目启动以来,项目承担单位中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所和四川省地质调查院经过反复研究,在甲基卡矿区外围选定A、B、C三个重点靶区,经过2013年不到一年的艰苦努力,克服重重困难,终于在高海拔藏区(4300 -4500米)取得了成矿规律、成矿预测、找矿方法、钻探验证等多方面的突破性进展。其中,A区于6 ~7月完成第一期5个验证钻孔的施工,总进尺545. 35米,孔孔见矿, 141件样品的氧化锂(Li_20)含量0.8% -2.81%, 平均品位达1. 61%。初步估算新增氧化锂资源储量超过10万吨,可达到大型规模。第二期施工已经完成,见矿特征与第一期完全一致,预期累计新增氧化锂资源量有望达到数十万吨。
39例ICU呼吸机相关真菌性肺炎的护理

总结了39例ICU呼吸机相关真菌性肺炎的护理对策。护理重点包括:强化口腔护理,加强呼吸道管理,重视消毒隔离措施,加强对药物治疗效果和反应的观察,合理使用抗真菌药物,早期发现皮肤、口腔等局部真菌感染征象,及时予以处理,避免引起深部真菌感染,加重患者的病情。
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对糖尿病心血管的保护作用

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFA)是细胞膜磷脂的重要组成部分,参与调节膜介导的胰岛素信号转导、脂肪酶生物活性的发挥、类二十烷酸物质合成等多种生物活动,并参与调控糖脂代谢的基因表达,是人体必需的脂肪酸。 其中以二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)研究最为深入。大量流行病学及临床试验显示ω-3 PUFA具有心血管保护作用。美国心脏协会推荐心血管病患者食用深海鱼或鱼油胶囊以添加ω-3 PUFA(1 g/d),降低心血管事件的发生率。
A surface-potential-based model for AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT

A new surface-potential-based model for AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is proposed in this paper. Since the high polarization effects caused by AlN interlayer favorably influence the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and scattering mechanisms, we first add spontaneous and piezoelectric charge terms to the source equation of surface-potential, and a mobility model for AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT is rewritten. Compared with TCAD simulations, the DC characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT are faithfully reproduced by the new model.
Design and test of SX-FEL cavity BPM

This paper reports the design and cold test of the cavity beam position monitor (CBPM) for SX-FEL to fulfill the requirement of beam position measurement resolution of less than 1 u m,even 0.1 u m. The CBPM was optimized by using a coupling slot to damp the TM010 mode in the output signal. The isolation of TM010 mode is about 117 dB,and the shunt impedance is about 200Ω@4.65 GHz with the quality factor 80 from MAFIA simulation and test result. A special antenna was designed to load power for reducing excitation of other modes in the cavity. The resulting output power of TM_(110) mode was about 90 mV/mm when the source was 6 dBm,and the accomplishable minimum voltage was about 200 uV. The resolution of the CBPM was about 0.1u m from the linear fitting result based on the cold test.
颅内毛细血管瘤一例报道并文献分析

讨论毛细血管瘤是一种良性血管源性病变,其增长特征很难估计,且可能产生严重并发症如出血、心衰、卡-梅二氏综合征、胆道和呼吸道阻塞等。颅内毛细血管瘤的组织学和免疫组织学特征与皮肤毛细血管瘤相同。发生在颅内的毛细血管瘤非常罕见,诊断较困难。既往有一些发生于脊髓、神经根、圆锥或马尾的椎管内毛细血管瘤的报道。经阅读文献,目前报道的共有31例病理证实的颅内毛细血管瘤患者,男15例,女16例;年龄6周~69岁,平均24.59岁;儿童15例,成人16例;成人中女12例,男4例。在成人中,毛细血管瘤以女性多发。在中枢神经系统毛细血管瘤中,颅内毛细血管瘤的发病年龄更小,无明显性别差异,其发病机制尚不清楚,目前仍未发现基因的变异。
诱导多能干细胞在阿尔茨海默病中的应用研究

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是导致老年痴呆最常见的神经退行性疾病。随着社会的人口老龄化,AD发病率逐年递增。预计到2050年,全世界将有超过1亿的AD患者~[1-2]。目前为止AD仍无特效的治疗方法。AD的主要病理特征是细胞外淀粉样蛋白(Ap)沉积形成的老年斑和细胞内tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经纤维缠结(NFTs)。至今仍然没有一套全面、系统的理论能够阐明AD的发病机制,这极大地制约了AD的预防、治疗和药物研发。目前,AD病理改变和发病机制研究主要是以患者死后脑病理检查、脑成像以及模拟疾病特征的非神经元细胞模型或动物模型为主要手段。尽管最近已经取得了多项重要的研究成果~[3-8],但传统研究方法的诸多不足大大限制了研究成果向临床应用的转化。随着诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)技术的产生和发展,如能获得AD患者特异性iPSCs并诱导分化为功能神经元,建立活体细胞模型,将极大地弥补当前AD研究的不足。
ESPI filtering method based on anisotropic coherence diffusion and Perona-Malik diffusion

Noise reduction is one of the most important concerns in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). According to partial differential equation (PDE) filtering theory, we present an anisotropic PDE noise-reduction model based on fringe structure information for interferometric fringe patterns. This model is based on coherence diffusion and Perona-Malik (P-M) diffusion. The former can protect the structure information offringe pattern, while the latter can effectively filter off the noise inside the fringes. The proposed model generated by the two diffusion methods helps to obtain good effects of denoising and fidelity. ESPI fringes and the phase pattern are tested. Experimental results validate the performance of the proposed filtering model.
Range-rate tradeoffs in the communication between LED traffic lights and vehicles

Visible light communication between light emitting diode (LED) traffic lights and vehicles with a receiving photodiode front-end is developed for intelligent transportation systems. In this letter, the communication data rates for different ranges are evaluated. The data rates are based on real scenarios of the background noise and path losses and are experimentally obtained with a testing system built upon commercial off-the-shelf components. Comparisons of range-rate performance for different average noise levels are also conducted with the use of red/yellow/green LED lights. Results show that achieving the data rates of kilobits per second at a communication range of hundred meters is possible under the ordinary noise scenario, a finding that is highly significant for practical applications.
Experimental Investigation on Airfoil Shock Control by Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation

An experimental investigation on airfoil (NACA64-215) shock control is performed by plasma aerodynamic actuation in a supersonic tunnel (Ma = 2). The results of schlieren and pressure measurement show that when plasma aerodynamic actuation is applied, the position moves forward and the intensity of shock at the head of the airfoil weakens. With the increase in actuating voltage, the total pressure measured at the head of the airfoil increases, which means that the shock intensity decreases and the control effect increases. The best actuation effect is caused by upwind-direction actuation with a magnetic field, and then downwind-direction actuation with a magnetic field, while the control effect of aerodynamic actuation without a magnetic field is the most inconspicuous. The mean intensity of the normal shock at the head of the airfoil is relatively decreased by 16.33%, and the normal shock intensity is relatively reduced by 27.5% when 1000 V actuating voltage and upwind-direction actuation are applied with a magnetic field. This paper theoretically analyzes the Joule heating effect generated by DC discharge and the Lorentz force effect caused by the magnetic field. The discharge characteristics are compared for all kinds of actuation conditions to reveal the mechanism of shock control by plasma aerodynamic actuation.
Influence of External Electric Field and Pre-ionization on Characteristics of Discharge Plasma in High-power Xenon Flashlamp

This work is devoted to experimentally study the characteristics of discharge plasma in high power xenon flashlamps. In the experiments, plasma channel profiles are captured by using a high speed CCD camera, and the radiation energy of the flashlamp is obtained by a pyroelectric energy meter. Voltage and current curves are recorded to shed light on the plasma characteristics. With these diagnostic methods, typical factors influencing the evolution process of plasma channel are studied, including the external electric field and the pre-ionization. The electric potential distribution in the flashlamp influence the plasma channel characteristics the most significantly. The plasma channel pattern for the cases with grounded wires is different from that with ungrounded metal wires. When the wire is ungrounded, it is the coupling voltage between the metal wire and the flashlamp that influences the development of plasma channel. In terms of radiation efficiency, it is proven that there is an optimal interval within 200~300 μs between the pre-ionization pulse and the main pulse.
Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Saline Solution with Atmospheric He/H_2O Plasma Jet

Electrical discharges in or in contact with liquid can produce H_2O_2 effectively. However, wound treatment requires not only high energy yield, but also low temperature, stability, safety and reproducibility in H_2O_2 generation. Thus a method of producing H_2O_2 in saline solution reacting with He/H_2O plasma jet is described in this paper. Two working modes (bullet and arc modes) are stable while keeping at low temperature in the H_2O_2 production. The production is much faster under the arc mode, but has rather high production rate and energy efficiency under the bullet mode. Plus, the energy efficiency increases with treatment time and higher moist helium flow rate under both modes, but especially the bullet mode. Moreover, 55 min after the plasma treatment, there is only 6% degradation of H_2O_2 concentration in the saline solution, and this indicates the potential of He/H_2O plasma jet in plasma pharmacy.