mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analyses and optimization for thermoelectric devices: The state of the arts

Thermoelectric effect is the most efficient way to convert electric energy directly from the temperature gradient. Thermoelectric effect-based power generation, cooling and heating devices are solid-stated, environmentally friendly, reliable, long-lived, easily maintainable, and easy to achieve miniaturization and integration. So they have unparalleled advantages in the aerospace, vehicle industry, waste heat recovery, electronic cooling, etc. This paper reviews the progress in thermodynamic analyses and optimizations for single- and multiple-element, single- and multiple-stage, and combined thermoelectric generators, thermoelectric refrigerators and thermoelectric heat pumps, especially in the aspects of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and finite time thermodynamics. It also discusses the developing trends of thermoelectric devices, such as the heat sources of thermoelectric generators, multi-stage thermoelectric devices, combined thermoelectric devices, and heat transfer enhancement of thermoelectric devices.
Roles and mechanisms of ginsenoside in cardiovascular diseases: progress and perspectives

Ginseng is among the oldest traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and is widely used in China and Southeast Asia. Over the past 50 years, considerable research has focused on the chemical constituents, pharmacological action, and clinical applications of ginseng. In this review, we examine the current state of research on ginseng, including the main active ingredient ginsenoside, its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, and mechanisms of action. We focus on what is known of the effects of ginseng against atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, and its inhibition of ventricular remodeling, providing a basis for expanding the clinical applications of ginseng.
Preparation and properties of physically and chemically cross-linked hybrid hydrophobic association hydrogels with good mechanical strength

To correct the defects of hydrophobic association hydrogels (HA-gels), new physically and chemically cross-linked hybrid hydrophobic association hydrogels (hybrid HA-gels) were prepared by radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), octylphenol polyoxyethylene (n) acrylate (OPnAC, n stands for the number of ethoxy group, and is 10 and 21) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). On the basis of the statistical molecular theory of rubber elastic, the Mooney-Rivlin model and using the tensile true stress (σ_(true)) tested at room temperature, the number of network strands per unit volume (υ_0) and the number-average molar mass of a network strand (M_c) were evaluated for hybrid HA-gels. For the hydrogels, the effect of the content of MBA and OP10AC on their tensile mechanical properties was studied by using υ_0 and M_c; also, the effect of the compositions and temperature on their swelling behavior in distilled water was discussed in detail. In addition, hybrid HA-gels including a small quantity of MBA possessed the capabilities of secondary self-healing and remolding. In contrast with HA-gels prepared by the same compositions besides MBA, hybrid HA-gels showed good mechanical strength and long-term thermal stability in distilled water in the range of 25 to 80 °C. Furthermore, hybrid HA-gels also avoided the self-deswelling behavior of HA-gels. The results show that the application fields of HA-gels will be greatly broadened after introducing a chemical cross-linking network.
A sharp estimate of positive integral points in 6-dimensional polyhedra and a sharp estimate of smooth numbers

Inspired by Durfee Conjecture in singularity theory, Yau formulated the Yau number theoretic conjecture (see Conjecture 1.3) which gives a sharp polynomial upper bound of the number of positive integral points in an n-dimensional (n > 3) polyhedron. It is well known that getting the estimate of integral points in the polyhedron is equivalent to getting the estimate of the de Bruijn function  (x, y), which is important and has a number of applications to analytic number theory and cryptography. We prove the Yau number theoretic conjecture for n = 6. As an application, we give a sharper estimate of function  (x, y) for 5 6 y < 17, compared with the result obtained by Ennola.
Histone Variant H3.3: A versatile H3 variant in health and in disease

Histones are the main protein components of eukaryotic chromatin. Histone variants and histone modifications modulate chromatin structure, ensuring the precise operation of cellular processes associated with genomic DNA. H3.3, an ancient and conserved H3 variant, differs from its canonical H3 counterpart by only five amino acids, yet it plays essential and specific roles in gene transcription, DNA repair and in maintaining genome integrity. Here, we review the most recent insights into the functions of histone H3.3, and the involvement of its mutant forms in human diseases.
Hausdorff dimensions of some irregular sets associated with β-expansions

The Hausdorff dimensions of some refined irregular sets associated with β-expansions are determined for any β > 1. More precisely, Hausdorff dimensions of the sets are obtained completely, where S_n(x, β) = ∑_(k=1)~n εk(x, β) denotes the sum of the first n digits of the β-expansion of x. As an application, we present another concise proof of that the set of points x ∈ [0, 1) satisfying limn→∞(S_n(x,β)/n does not exist is of full Hausdorff dimension.
Metastasis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell-lines are clustered on chromosome territories predicted by transcriptome and proteome

Recently, we have analyzed expressional transcriptome and proteome for a number of cancer cell lines, including 8 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ones [1,2]. These 8 HCC cell lines consist of 6 metastatic (all with mutant p53) and 2 non-metastatic (with a mutant and a lost p53) ones, being all HBV traceable for relatively close genetic-backgrounds. We have analyzed the related dataset and obtained transcriptome (16353 genes) and proteome (7861 proteins) of these 8 HCC cell lines, and explored a group of up-regulated and down-regulated genes [3]. Hereby we screened the differentially-expressed regions of transcript and protein at all chromosomes responsible for HCC metastasis, as shown in Figure 1, by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) [4]. GSEA normalized enrichment score (NES) of each chromosome cytoband in metastatic versus non-metastatic HCC cell lines was provided in Table S1 (Supporting Information online). In Figure 1, we can clearly see the up-regulated (NES>1.4) and down-regulated (NES<-1.4) regions in each chromosome for those genes responsible for HCC metastasis, with a false discovery rate (FDR)<0.25 and nominal P<0.001. Previously, chromosome 8p deletion and mutation has been detected in metastatic HCCs [5,6], and it can be further confirmed now that this kind of dense region with metastasis-related genes existed also in other chromosomes such as chromosome 7, 9, 19, and X as well, as shown in Figure 1. At first glance, we are surprised at the diverse pattern with the up- and down-regulated regions among all chromosomes. It is a bit of fuzz that how these up- and down-regulated genes are correlated and synergized to promote metastasis.
Triple Crossing Numbers of Graphs

We introduce the triple crossing number, a variation of the crossing number, of a graph, which is the minimal number of crossing points in all drawings of the graph with only triple crossings. It is defined to be zero for planar graphs, and to be infinite for non-planar graphs which do not admit a drawing with only triple crossings. In this paper, we determine the triple crossing numbers for all complete multipartite graphs which include all complete graphs.
Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments?

With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes Canis latrans have become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. Since coyotes are common in the Midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to assess their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbivores in a fragmented suburban ecosystem. Forest cover was a strong positive predictor of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a negative effect. Coyotes exerted a negative effect on squirrel (Sciurus spp.) and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus occurrence, while urban cover was a positive predictor for the prey species' occurrence. These results suggest all 3 species behaviorally avoid coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cover and squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although previous studies reveal limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carnivore guild in suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbivorous mammals and hence may provide similar ecological benefits in urban/suburban forest fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serve as the primary regulator of nuisance species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.
Genetic Components of Heterosis for Seedling Traits in an Elite Rice Hybrid Analyzed Using an Immortalized F_2 Population

Utilization of heterosis has greatly contributed to rice productivity in China and many Asian countries. Superior hybrids usually show heterosis at two stages: canopy development at vegetative stage and panicle development at reproductive stage resulting in heterosis in yield. Although the genetic basis of heterosis in rice has been extensively investigated, all the previous studies focused on yield traits at maturity stage. In this study, we analyzed the genetic basis of heterosis at seedling stage making use of an “immortalized F_2” population composed of 105 hybrids produced by intercrossing recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63, the parents of Shanyou 63, which is an elite hybrid widely grown in China. Eight seedling traits, seedling height, tiller number, leaf number, root number, maximum root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry weight, were investigated using hydroponic culture. We analyzed single-locus and digenic genetic effects at the whole genome level using an ultrahigh-density SNP bin map obtained by population re-sequencing. The analysis revealed large numbers of heterotic effects for seedling traits including dominance, overdominance and digenic dominance (epistasis) in both positive and negative directions. Overdominance effects were prevalent for all the traits, and digenic dominance effects also accounted for a large portion of the genetic effects. The results suggested that cumulative small advantages of the single-locus effects and two-locus interactions, most of which could not be detected statistically, could explain the genetic basis of seedling heterosis of the F_1 hybrid.
Parametric Study of Two-Body Floating-Point Wave Absorber

In this paper, we present a comprehensive numerical simulation of a point wave absorber in deep water. Analyses are performed in both the frequency and time domains. The converter is a two-body floating-point absorber (FPA) with one degree of freedom in the heave direction. Its two parts are connected by a linear mass-spring-damper system. The commercial ANSYS-AQWA software used in this study performs well in considering validations. The velocity potential is obtained by assuming incompressible and irrotational flow. As such, we investigated the effects of wave characteristics on energy conversion and device efficiency, including wave height and wave period, as well as the device diameter, draft, geometry, and damping coefficient. To validate the model, we compared our numerical results with those from similar experiments. Our study results can clearly help to maximize the converter's efficiency when considering specific conditions.
A PROPORTIONAL 3-TUPLE FUZZY LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION MODEL FOR SCREENING NEW PRODUCT PROJECTS

It is critically important for companies to screen new product projects before they are launched to the market. So far, many approaches have been developed for tackling the process of screening product innovations. Due to uncertain, vague and incomplete information as well as dynamically complex process regarding to new product development (NPD), a fuzzy linguistic approach employed linguistic assessments and the fuzzy-set-based computation is reasonable for screening new products. However, such a fuzzy linguistic approach faces with various defects and limitations, such as loss of information, failing in considering the aspects related to human nature on uncertain subjective judgments etc. These defects and limitations lead to a dilemma, i.e., it's very difficult to screen new product projects reasonably and precisely. In this paper, we propose a notion of proportional 3-tuple to represent a linguistic assessment and related ignoring information, and a preference-preserving proportional 3-tuple transformation for the unification of linguistic assessments represented by proportional 3-tuples between two different linguistic term sets. On this basis, a proportional 3-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model for screening new product projects is developed. It is shown that the proposed model is flexible to handle uncertain, vague and incomplete information related to screening new product projects. It not only allows evaluators to express their subjective judgments with different confidence levels, but is also able to deal with incomplete linguistic assessments. Ultimately, the proposed model also improves the precision and reasonability of the screening result.
Urban Development of Macao: Challenges and Opportunities

This paper reviews the socio-economic development and the spatial evolution patterns of Macao. It argues that urbanization and intense land development have posed three challenges to Macao's future development pathway,namely,limited provision of resource, lack of diversification of industries, and incomplete planning legislation. The General Agreement on the Cooperation between Guangdong and Macao signed in 2003 represents a strong policy incentive that offered a comprehensive institutional framework to promote economic integration. The Agreement is conducive to achieving economic development through proposing dynamic and diversified economic activities, which will also benefit tourism. The development of Hengqin will serve as a test bed for furthering the implementation of “one country, two systems” constitutional principle, which will also improve the existing regional cooperation mechanisms. A comprehensive urban planning system should be established to avoid marginalization in regional development. Better reallocation of resources and prevention of over-competition in the market are two critical components in achieving sustainable development of Macao.
Targets and Ways for Humanizing Urban Transportation: The North American Experience Enlightenment for Beijing

The disadvantages of automobile-oriented urban transportation continue to appear in today's world and the concept of humanizing urban transportation is getting more and more attention. This paper firstly argues that unitary transportation mode and low traffic operation efficiency are two main urban traffic problems in Beijing and emphasizes that the target for humanizing its urban transportation is to ensure its high efficiency, safety, comfort, and ecology. The paper then summarizes the successful experiences of many cities in North America, such as a reasonable transportation network planning, multi-side participation in travel demand management (TDM), and humanizing the transportation environment. Finally, the paper proposes some development strategies for humanizing the urban transportation of Beijing from the perspectives of development mode and layout,public transportation,and non-motorized traffic,at both planning and practice levels.
双色银染原位杂交法检测乳腺癌HER-2基因扩增

目前,HER-2基因扩增检测的主要方法是荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)法。FISH可作为检测HER-2基因扩增的“金标准”,但其存在荧光淬灭快,且需要在暗室荧光显微镜下观察以及染色切片保存周期较短,不能用于回顾性研究等问题。针对这些问题,现介绍一种新的观察乳腺癌HER-2基因扩增的方法即双色银染原位杂交法(dual-color silver-enhanced in-situ hybridization,DSISH)。
肥大细胞与补体C3的交互作用参与肾间质纤维化

肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)涉及肾脏固有细胞损伤、外源性炎性细胞浸润、间质细胞增殖、细胞外基质生成/降解失调等众多病理生理学机制。近年来,越来越多的研究发现肾间质异常浸润的肥大细胞(mast cell, MC)与组织原位补体C3两者关系密切,两者交互作用并参与RIF。
皮脂腺痣并发皮脂腺瘤1例

皮脂腺痣由表皮、真皮和皮肤附属器构成,临床上比较常见,通常出生即有,新生儿发病率超过0.3%,男女发病率相当。皮损好发于头部、颈部,特别是头皮,可沿Blaschko线分布,为单个圆形或卵圆形淡黄色斑块,直径约1 ~6cm,有蜡样光泽,界清,亦有泛发性皮脂腺痣的报道。本病发展过程分为婴儿儿童期、青春期和老年期,婴儿及儿童期皮脂腺发育不完全,皮损无明显变化,青春期后由于雄激素水平影响,皮脂腺痣内不成熟的毛胚芽结构发生分化,多数分化为成熟皮脂腺,皮脂腺痣样皮损开始显著增大,少数会分化为附属器肿瘤,主要是源自毛囊、皮脂腺、大汗腺的肿瘤。老年期后,皮脂腺痣可呈肿瘤样增生,故更易并发附属器肿瘤,并发恶性肿瘤(主要为基底细胞癌)者罕见,最常见毛母细胞瘤和乳头状汗管囊腺瘤,并发皮脂腺瘤者少见。文献报道1例皮脂腺痣伴发皮脂腺瘤和毛母细胞瘤病例。皮脂腺瘤是取代皮脂腺上皮瘤一词而提出的,关于后者性质目前还存在争议,分别认为它是一种独立疾病、是皮脂腺腺瘤的变异、是介于皮脂腺腺瘤与基底细胞癌的中间类型、是向皮脂腺分化的基底细胞癌的同义词。Troy和Ackeman建议用皮脂腺瘤取代皮脂腺上皮瘤,用以与皮脂腺增生、皮脂腺腺瘤、皮脂腺癌相鉴别。
硬红斑合并淋巴结结核1例

硬红斑又称Bazin病(Bazin's disease)和硬结性皮肤结核,患者过去或现在身体其他部位通常有活动性结核病灶,结核菌素试验结果为阳性,但从损害中很少分离到结核杆菌。主要依靠患者的临床表现和皮损组织病理特征诊断,本病为常发生于青年及中青年小腿屈侧的炎症性结节,对称性分布,伴有压痛,破溃后可形成溃疡。Bazin硬红斑属于血源性皮肤结核病,愈后留有凹陷性疤痕,结核菌素实验呈强阳性,组织病理有结核样结构,但不能查到结核杆菌,仍然被认为是皮肤结核病的一种。Whitfield硬红斑是一种皮下动-静脉血管炎,可引起脂肪坏死,结节不破溃,抗结核治疗无效,组织病理呈血管炎改变,无特异性。PCR在硬红斑皮损中已检出结核分枝杆菌的DNA。Whitfield硬红斑或结节性血管炎与硬红斑不同,后者有结核杆菌感染证据[6]。
The benign mimickers of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma

As the most frequent malignant histological subtype in prostatic cancer, prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAA) has a series of benign mimickers including prostatic or non-prostatic lesions and normal structures, which may lead to an erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. It is very important to be aware of the existence of these mimickers and to recognize their histological features. The differential diagnosis should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical history, histological structure, cytological morphology and the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, rather than on single criteria (e.g., the presence of prominent nucleoli or basal cell layer).
Singularity problem of control moment gyro cluster with vibration isolators

As powerful torque amplification actuators, control moment gyros (CMGs) are often used in the attitude control of many state-of-the-art high resolution satellites. However, the disturbance generated by the CMGs can not only reduce the attitude stability of a satellite but also deteriorate the performance of optic payloads. Currently, CMG vibration isolators are widely used to target this problem. The isolators can affect the singularity of the CMG system as they are placed between the CMGs and the satellite bus and provide additional freedoms to the CMG system due to their flexibility. The formulation of the output torque of a CMG is studied first considering the dynamic imbalance of its spin rotor and then the deformation angle as a result of the isolator’s flexibility is calculated. With the additional freedoms, the influence of isolator on the singularity problem is studied and a new steering logic to escape from the singular states is proposed.
鄱阳湖流域五河水系放逸短沟蜷群体遗传结构初步分析

鄱阳湖流域位于长江中游末段南岸, 由鄱阳湖、五河水系(赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修河)及丘陵山地等构成独立完整的自然地理单元, 是长江流域的重要组成部分。鄱阳湖流域淡水贝类资源特别丰富, 共记录淡水贝类122种, 约占长江水系淡水贝类总数的40.4%。然而, 由于鄱阳湖流域水利工程建设、过度捕捞、采砂等人类活动的干扰, 淡水贝类生物多样性面临严重威胁, 物种丰富度显著减少。目前, 对于鄱阳湖流域淡水贝类的研究报道主要集中于资源调查方面, 对遗传学方面研究较少, 仅有少量关于贝类系统发育的研究, 对鄱阳湖流域五河水系淡水贝类群体遗传结构的研究至今未见报道。而群体遗传结构数据是评估鄱阳湖流域淡水贝类遗传多样性现状及科学保护和合理利用的基础, 因此非常重要。
Surface effect and non-local elasticity in wave propagation of functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod excited to applied voltage

A non-local solution for a functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod is presented by accounting the surface effect. This solution is used to evaluate the characteristics of the wave propagation in the rod structure. The model is loaded under a two-dimensional (2D) electric potential and an initially applied voltage at the top of the rod. The mechanical and electrical properties are assumed to be variable along the thickness direction of the rod according to the power law. The Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing differential equations of the electromechanical system. The effects of some important parameters such as the applied voltage and gradation of the material properties on the wave characteristics of the rod are studied.
Asymptomatic postpubertal male with equally sized normal testicles with palpable left varicocele

Varicoceles are a common finding in the general public. The incidence appears to increase later in life with a contemporary study finding an increase in incidence of 10% per decade of life. 1 While common in the general population, they are even more common among those presenting for a fertility evaluation, as high as 39% in some series and are often initially diagnosed during such examinations. 2 Others present without symptoms or fertility issues and are found incidentally on a physical exam by a general practitioner. Care for the asymptomatic varicocele is controversial, especially in those, in which the testicles are equally sized. While there has been a considerable amount of research about the progression of such varicoceles in adolescent boys, there is much less knowledge about asymptomatic varicoceles in the postpubertal male. In patients who are symptomatic with either fertility issues or varicocele related pain, there are clear indications for varicocele repair. 3 The question for asymptomatic patients is whether a varicocele causes any problems other than infertility or pain and whether untreated varicoceles will inevitably lead to the development of such issues, especially after puberty.
Epidemiology of varicocele

Varicocele is a common problem in reproductive medicine practice. A varicocele is identified in 15% of healthy men and up to 35% of men with primary infertility. The exact pathophysiology of varicoceles is not very well understood, especially regarding its effect on male infertility. We have conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating the epidemiology of varicocele in the general population and in men presenting with infertility. In this article, we have identified some of the factors that can influence the epidemiological aspects of varicoceles. We also recognize that varicocele epidemiology remains incompletely understood, and there is a need for well-designed, large-scale studies to fully define the epidemiological aspects of this condition.
消化道穿孔引起腹壁异物肉芽肿一例

本例患者应用糖皮质激素治疗系统性红斑狼疮近5年,为控制病情不宜停药,为尽量减少创伤以利于术后恢复,根据损伤控制理论不选择开腹手术。在局麻下切开患者皮肤及皮下组织,清除炎症及异物,达到了治疗效果。
Novel insights into the pathophysiology of varicocele and its association with reactive oxygen species and sperm DNA fragmentation

Varicocele has been associated with reduced male reproductive potential. With the advances in biomolecular techniques, it has been possible to better understand the mechanisms involved in testicular damage provoked by varicocele. Current evidence suggests the central role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resultant oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of varicocele -associated male subfertility although the mechanisms have not yet been fully described and it is likely to be multifactorial. Excessive ROS is associated with sperm DNA fragmentation, which may mediate the clinical manifestation of poor sperm function and fertilization outcome related to varicocele. Testing of ROS/OS and DNA fragmentation has the potential to provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information compared to conventional semen analysis and may guide therapeutic management strategies in individual patient.