mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
持续脉冲加压冷疗对膝关节镜术后早期功能障碍的影响

目的观察膝关节镜术后局部持续脉冲加压冷疗对患膝早期功能障碍的影响。方法将40例膝关节镜手术(排除重要韧带重建)患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。观察组采用EVERCRYO 冰恒医用冷加压自动循环系统,专用膝关节冰囊,脉冲调节压力,持续冷疗48 h; 对照组使用500 mL 生理盐水冰袋2个,45 min /次, 4次/d,持续冰敷8次。在冷疗24、48 h 后评估并记录患膝的肿胀值和疼痛值(VAS 评分)。结果术后24、48 h观察组的肿胀值和疼痛值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05),冷疗48 h 后,观察组的无痛主动活动关节活动度明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 01) 。结论关节镜术后局部进行持续脉冲加压冷疗,能明显缓解患膝术后早期疼痛、肿胀、关节活动受限等功能障碍,促进膝关节功能早期康复。
戒烟依从性对急性心肌梗死患者PCI 术后MACE 及血清hs-CRP、Hcy 表达的影响

目的探讨戒烟依从性对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)以及血清高敏C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP) 、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)表达的影响。方法调查186例急性心肌梗死且有吸烟史的患者PCI 术后的戒烟状态,根据PCI 术后戒烟状态将患者分为两组: 戒烟依从性好组(n = 122)和戒烟依从性差组(n = 64),详细记录随访MACE,并应用ELISA 法检测血清hs-CRP、Hcy 的表达。结果平均随访(12. 0 ± 1. 5)个月。戒烟依从性好组心肌梗死后心绞痛、支架再狭窄和再次血运重建的发生率明显低于戒烟依从性差组(分别为7. 4% vs 12. 5%、6. 6% vs 10. 9%、5. 7% vs 15. 6%,均P < 0. 05),而两组术后心力衰竭和死亡的发生率差异无统计学意义。戒烟依从性好组血清hs-CRP、Hcy 表达水平明显低于戒烟依从性差组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05) 。结论戒烟依从性好能降低PCI 术后血清hs-CRP 及Hcy 的表达,从而有效减少心肌梗死后心绞痛、支架再狭窄和再次血运重建的发生率。
人工晶状体囊袋内缝合固定术治疗晶状体半脱位的临床观察

目的评价人工晶状体单襻囊袋内缝合固定术治疗晶状体半脱位手术的方法、效果及可行性。方法对25例26眼晶状体半脱位患者术前或术中晶状体脱位范围不大于270° 行超声乳化吸除术或小切口晶状体摘除,人工晶状体单襻囊袋内缝合固定术即一侧襻植入脱位最严重方位的对侧囊袋内,聚丙烯缝线捆绑另一侧襻的中部后穿过囊膜赤道部固定巩膜壁的方法植入脱位最严重方位的囊袋内。观察术后视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压等指标,处理手术并发症。结果手术均顺利完成,术后随访最佳矫正视力≥0. 8者5眼,0. 4 ~ 0. 6者19眼, 0. 3者2眼,所有人工晶状体均处于正位,术中术后未出现严重并发症。结论晶状体半脱位手术中人工晶状体单襻囊袋内缝合固定术是安全有效的,在不植入囊袋张力环的情况下,它有效避免了人工晶状体的夹持和偏位,降低了手术成本。
A hybrid DEM/CFD approach for solid-liquid flows

A hybrid scheme coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is developed to model solid-liquid flows. Instead of solving the pressure Poisson equation, we use the compressible volume-averaged continuity and momentum equations with an isothermal stiff equation of state for the liquid phase in our CFD scheme. The motion of the solid phase is obtained by using the DEM, in which the particle-particle and particle-wall interactions are modelled by using the theoretical contact mechanics. The two phases are coupled through the Newton’s third law of motion. To verify the proposed method, the sedimentation of a single spherical particle is simulated in water, and the results are compared with experimental results reported in the literature. In addition, the drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT) phenomenon between two particles in a liquid is modelled and reasonable results are obtained. Finally, the numerical simulation of the density-driven segregation of a binary particulate suspension involving 10 000 particles in a closed container is conducted to show that the presented method is potentially powerful to simulate real particulate flows with large number of moving particles.
γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT prevents neuronal death and memory impairment in sepsis associated encephalopathy in septic rats

Background Brain dysfunction is a frequent complication of sepsis, usually defined as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Although the Notch signaling pathway has been proven to be involved in both ischemia and neuronal proliferation, its role in SAE is still unknown. Here, the effect of the Notch signaling pathway involved γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on SAE in septic rats was investigated in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Methods Fifty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with the septic group receiving the CLP operation. Twenty-four hours after CLP or sham treatment, rats were sacrificed and their hippocampus was harvested for Western blot analysis. TNF-αexpression was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining, and neuronal cell death was detected by H&E staining. Finally, a novel object recognition experiment was used to evaluate memory impairment. Results Our data showed that sepsis can increase the expression of hippocampal Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD) and poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), as well as the inflammatory response, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal death, and memory dysfunction in rats. The γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) can significantly decrease the level of NICD and PARP-1, reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and death, attenuate TNF-α release and rescue cognitive impairment caused by CLP. Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of DAPT on neuronal death and memory impairment in septic rats, which could be a new therapeutic approach for treating SAE in the future.
Prostate specific membrane antigen knockdown impairs the tumorigenicity of LNCaP prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway

Background Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can facilitate the growth, migration, and invasion of the LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. Here, we investigated whether PSMA serves as a novel regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling by employing PSMA knockdown model and PI3K pharmacological inhibitor (LY294002) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Methods PSMA knockdown had been stably established by transfecting with lentivirus-mediated siRNA in our previous study. Then, LNCaP cells were divided into interference, non-interference, and blank groups. We first testified the efficacy of PSMA knockdown in our LNCaP cell line. Then, we compared the expression of PSMA and total/activated Akt by Western blotting in the above three groups with or without LY294002 treatment. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was performed to confirm the changes of activated Akt (p-Akt, Ser473) in groups. Besides, cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 assay, Transwell analysis, and Flow cytometry respectively. Results After PSMA knockdown, the level of p-Akt (Ser473) but not of total-Akt (Akt1/2) was significantly decreased when compared with the non-interference and blank groups. However, LY294002 administration significantly reduced the expression of p-Akt (Ser473) in all the three groups. The results of immunocytochemistry further confirmed that PSMA knockdown or LY294002 treatment was associated with p-Akt (Ser473) down-regulation. Decrease of cell proliferation, migration, and survival were also observed upon PSMA knockdown and LY294002 treatment. Conclusions Taken together, our results reveal that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibition may serve as a novel molecular mechanism in LNCaP prostate cancer cells of PSMA knockdown and suggest that Akt (Ser473) may play a critical role as a downstream signaling target effector of PSMA in this cellular model.
大型前瞻性队列研究实施现况及其特点

建立和维护大型队列需要有巨大的投人,对于研究地区的医疗卫生服务基础、信息技术(IT)应用程度以及研究机构的生物样本处理、基因测序和数据分析能力等也有较高要求。因此,现有的大型队列多建立在社会经济发展总体水平较高的国家或地区。目前在P~3G网站注册的研究共有164项,大多位于北美和欧洲,我国大陆地区有8项。
A new geographical language: A perspective of GIS

Language plays a vital role in the communication, sharing and transmission of information among human beings. Geographical languages are essential for understanding, investigating, representing and propagating geo-spatial information. Geographical languages have developed and evolved gradually with improvements in science, technology and cognitive levels. Concerning the theoretical progress from geographical information ontology, epistemology and linguistic theory, this paper firstly puts forward the concept of a GIS language and discusses its basic characteristics according to changes in the structures, functions and characteristics of geographical languages. This GIS language can be regarded as a system of synthetic digital symbols. It is a comprehensive representation of geographical objects, phenomena and their spatial distributions and dynamic processes. This representation helps us generate a universal perception of geographical space using geographical scenarios or symbols with geometry, statuses, processes, spatio-temporal relationships, semantics and attributes. Furthermore, this paper states that the GIS language represents a new generation of geographical language due to its intrinsic characteristics, structures, functions and systematic content. Based on the aforementioned theoretical foundation, this paper illustrates the pivotal status and contributions of the GIS language from the perspective of geographical researchers. The language of GIS is a new geographical language designed for the current era, with features including spatio-temporal multi-dimension representation, interactive visualization, virtual geographical scenarios, multi-sensor perception and expedient broadcasting via the web. The GIS language is the highest-level geographical language developed to date, integrating semantic definitions, feature extraction, geographical dynamic representation and spatiotemporal factors and unifying the computation of geographical phenomena and objects. The GIS language possesses five important characteristics: abstraction, systematicness, strictness, precision and hierarchy. In summary, the GIS language provides a new means for people to recognize, understand and simulate entire geo-environments. Therefore, exploration of the GIS language’s functions in contemporary geographical developments is becoming increasingly important. Similarly, construction of the conceptual model and scientific systems of the GIS language will promote the development of the disciplines of geography and geographical information sciences. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospects of the GIS language from the perspectives of digital technology, geographical norms, geographical modeling and the disciplinary development of geography.
Risk analysis of snow disaster in the pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Snow disaster is one of the top ten natural disasters worldwide, and the most severe natural disaster to affect the pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on the hazard harmfulness data collected from historical records and data collected from entities affected by this hazard in 2010, a comprehensive analysis of the 18 indexes of snow disaster on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was conducted, encompassing the hazard harmfulness, the amount of physical exposure the hazard-bearing entities face, the sensitivity to the hazard, and the capacity to respond to the disaster. The analysis indicates that: (1) areas at high-risk of snow disaster on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are located in certain areas of the counties of Yecheng and Pishan in the Xinjiang region; (2) areas at medium-risk of snow disaster are found between the Gangdise Mountains and the Himalayas in the central-western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southeastern part of the southern Qinghai Plateau; (3) the risk of snow disaster is generally low throughout the large area to the south of 30°N and the region on the border of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Overall, the risk of snow disaster in high-altitude areas of the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is higher than that at the edge of the plateau.
Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin, Eastern Qinling Mountains, Central China

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.
Spatial pattern and decadal change of agro-meteorological disasters in the main wheat production area of China during 1991–2009

Agro-meteorological disasters (AMD) have become more frequent with climate warming. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations (AMS) of China from 1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade (2000–2009) with another decade (1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China. Therefore, sound adaptation options should be taken based on the latest changes of AMD under global warming to reduce agricultural damages.
氟化钠诱导大鼠肾脏细胞DNA 损伤及细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的研究氟对大鼠肾脏细胞DNA损伤和细胞凋亡的影响。方法48只SD大鼠随机分为4组(对照组、低氟组、中氟组和高氟组),每组12只,分别饮用含氟化钠为0、50、100和200 mg /L 的去离子水,染毒120 d。动物处死后,用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)检测氟化物对大鼠肾细胞DNA 损伤,流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡。结果彗星实验表明,各染氟组肾细胞拖尾率明显高于对照组(P < 0. 01) 。染氟组大鼠肾细胞DNA 迁移长度均高于对照组,高氟组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 01),中氟组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05) 。流式细胞术结果表明低氟组肾细胞凋亡率较对照组显著增高(P < 0. 05),中氟组、高氟组较对照组显著增高(P < 0. 01) 。大鼠肾细胞DNA 损伤与细胞凋亡之间存在明显的正相关关系(r = 0. 959,P < 0. 01) 。结论氟可导致大鼠肾细胞DNA 损伤,诱导肾细胞凋亡,氟诱导的大鼠肾细胞凋亡可能与氟所导致的DNA 损伤有关。
锰毒性不同病程动物模型的建立与评价

目的采用氯化锰染毒建立锰毒性不同病程的动物模型并对其进行评价。方法120只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为染锰30 d组、染锰90 d组与染锰90 d后再恢复30 d组及其相应的对照组,染锰组按6 mg(Mn) /kg·BW 每日腹腔注射氯化锰溶液,对照组给予生理盐水。各组试验结束后进行体重、脏体比、食物利用率、血液学指标、血清生化指标、血清Mn、Fe、Mg 等离子、黑质多巴胺能神经元活性的测定与分析以及肝脏、肾脏与睾丸等的病理组织学观察与分析。结果各染毒组大鼠的体重以及食物利用率与其相应对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0. 05) ; 各染毒组血清中Mn 含量及Mn /Fe 比值与相应对照组比较均升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0. 05) ; 以HE 染色进行病理形态学观察,发现各染毒组与其相应对照组比较均出现不同程度的肝细胞核变性坏死以及睾丸曲细精管部分管腔内精子数减少,初级精母细胞空胞样变性等,且随染锰时间延长有加重的趋势,但脱离锰暴露后(90 d 染毒+ 30 d 恢复)病变有恢复迹象; 酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组织化学染色观察发现各时间点染毒组与其相应对照组比较,脑组织中TH-阳性的多巴胺能神经元数量均减少,并且随着染锰时间的延长减少程度加重,脱离锰暴露后(90 d 染毒+ 30 d 恢复)损伤不可恢复。结论根据以上各指标综合判断,本次研究所建立的锰毒性不同病程的动物模型是成功的,为今后锰毒性机制的进一步研究提供了可靠的动物模型基础。
Species diversity and distribution of Ruppia in China: Potential roles of long-distance dispersal and environmental factors

Ruppia is a cosmopolitan genus and the species identity within the genus has been often confusing due to high plasticity in morphology. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and seven chloroplast DNA fragments combined with morphological traits to distinguish Ruppia species along the coastline of China,and to infer the potential mechanisms shaping their distribution patterns. Molecular and morphological data distinguished three congruent clades corresponding with three species: R. cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande, R. maritima L., and R. megacarpa Mason. The geographical ranges of R. cirrhosa and R. maritima coincided closely with coastal current breaks by the Taiwan Strait; R. cirrhosa was found in 17 locations mainly in the north, whereas R. maritima was common in the south, most likely to be the result of differentiated adaptation to optimal temperatures of growth and/or seed germination. Ruppia megacarpa, usually considered as an endemic species of Australia and New Zealand, was first reported in China at two bird stopover sites, Qingdao and Yancheng. The transoceanic dispersal by migratory birds may contribute to the presence and distribution of R. megacarpa in China.
以抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征为首发症状的上颌窦小细胞神经内分泌癌一例

讨论原发性SNEC是极其少见的鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤。而以抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征为首发症状的病例至目前为止在国内外少见报道。SNEC是一种特殊类型的恶性肿瘤,多为肺内肿瘤。起源于肺外的SNEC发病率仅占所有SNEC的4% 。发生于鼻腔鼻窦区域的SNEC病例罕见。Ma和Lei曾检索出该疾病45例,结合我们的检索结果。
内皮脂肪酶启动子-384A/C多态性与急性冠脉综合征及血脂的相关性

多项研究表明,环境和遗传因素共同参与急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)的发生和发展。内皮脂肪酶(endothelial lipase,EL)的基因多态性与冠心病(coronary heart disease, CHD)关系密切。Yamakawa-Kobayashi和Hutter等发现EL启动子区-384A/C基因多态性(rs3813082)与血浆HDL水平相关,并且可能增加人群心血管疾病的患病风险。但是到目前为止,EL-384A/C基因多态性是否与中国苏南地区汉族人群ACS发病存在相关性尚未见报到。本研究旨在通过采用PCR-RFLP方法了解中国苏南地区汉族人群EL-384A/C基因多态性频率分布,并探讨其与ACS之间的关系。
肌钙蛋白与脑卒中

脑卒中是当前威胁人类健康的一大疾病,在发病的相关危险因素上类似于心血管疾病,对二者之间的各种相关性探索是目前研究的热点。随着特异性心肌损伤标志物肌钙蛋白应用于临床,许多研究发现脑卒中后患者血清肌钙蛋白水平明显升高,这一现象及其相关机制、临床意义近年来为国内外学者广泛关注,木文将就此作一综述。
改良胆胰转流手术在改善血糖方面的重要作用

尽管外科手术改善2型糖尿病已经运用到临床中,但某些机制仍存在疑问。十二指肠改道术(duodenal-jejunal bypass,DJB)可以有效改善血糖,其机制可能与肠道的旷置和胆胰液的转流有关。改良胆姨转流手术(modify billiopancreatic diversion,MBPD)仅推迟胆汁和胰液与食物混合的时间与部位,避开了肠道的旷置,可以独立出胆胰液转流的因素。本文通过比较DJB(旷置十二指肠和空肠上部)和MBPD(仅胆胰液的转流),观察了这两种术式对血脂的影响,探讨了外科手术治疗2型糖尿病的可能机制。
Effects of Strontium, Magnesium Addition, Temperature Gradient, and Growth Velocity on Al-Si Eutectic Growth in a Unidirectionally-solidified Al-13 wt% Si Alloy

Al-Si eutectic growth mechanism was investigated in a directionally-solidified Al-13 wt% Si alloy with different strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) additions, growth velocities and temperature gradients. Macro- and micro-scale metallographic analyses revealed that addition level of Sr and Mg, temperature gradient and growth velocity are important factors affecting stability of solidifying Al-Si eutectic front and the final morphology of eutectic grains in the solidified Al-13 wt% Si alloys. By varying (tailoring) these factors, a variety of eutectic grain structures and morphologies such as planar front, cellular structure, a mix of cellular and columnar, or equiaxed dendrites, can be obtained. Increasing temperature gradient, reducing growth velocity, or decreasing Sr and Mg contents is beneficial to stabilizing planar growth front of eutectic grains, which is qualitatively in accordance with constitutional supercooling criterion for binary eutectic growth. In contrast, adding more Sr and Mg, increasing growth velocity, or decreasing temperature gradient produces large constitutional supercooling, leading to columnar-equiaxed transition (CET) of eutectic structure, which can be interpreted on the basis of Hunt's Model. It is also found that both solute concentration and solidification variables have significant impact not only on eutectic growth, but also on gas porosity formation.
5599例染色体核型检测结果分析

目的对我院2007年至2011年5599例因先天畸形等原因来我院做染色体核型检查的结果进行分析。方法常规外周血淋巴细胞培养,制备染色体G显带标本,分析核型。结果共发现异常核型1027例(18. 34%),涉及异常核型111种。其中常染色体异常719例,性染色体异常306例,另有2例48,XXY,+ 21;染色体数目异常757例,结构异常228例,兼有两者异常的42例。21三体综合征、Turner综合征及46,XY女性/46,XX男性的异常例数分别为638、156、86例,分别占染色体异常的62. 12%、15. 19%、8.37%。结论染色体核型检测对于指导临床干预、改善染色体异常儿童的生活质量和减少其早年病死率具有重要的价值。
21三体综合征合并t(2;5)一例

讨论先天愚型是染色体病中最常见的一种,但合并t(2; 5)尚未见报道。母亲配子形成的过程中,同源染色体片段在相互配对的第一次减数分裂期间形成四射体,经过分离和组合,染色体的结构重排与重组,在理论上可形成18种类型的配子,1/18为正常染色体,1/18为平衡易位染色体,其余的16/18由于染色体配子的平衡遭到破坏而导致染色体节段的重复或缺失,将形成单体或部分单体、三体或部分三体胚胎而流产或发生染色体病。本例染色体断裂和重接分别发生在2 q31和5p15带上,这些带的远侧片段在这两个染色体之间发生了互换。该患儿核型同时出现数目异常和结构异常,其平衡易位染色体来源于母亲,额外的21号染色体来源于其父或母亲的生殖细胞在减数分裂过程中21号染色体不分离的结果,患儿表现典型的21三体的临床症状。患儿母亲若再次生育,需进行产前诊断。
A Comparative Study of the Local Heat Transfer Distributions Around Various Surface Mounted Obstacles

In many engineering applications, heat transfer enhancement techniques are of vital importance in order to ensure reliable thermal designs of convective heat transfer applications. This study examines experimentally the heat transfer characteristics on the base plate around various surface mounted obstacles. Local convection coefficients are evaluated in the vicinity of each individual protruding body with great spatial resolution using the transient liquid crystal technique. Five different obstacles of constant height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (?1.3) are considered. These include: a cylinder, a square, a triangle, a diamond and a vortex generator of delta wing shape design. The experiments were carried out over a range of freestream Reynolds numbers, based on the hydraulic diameter of each obstacle, varying from 4,000 to 13,000. The results indicate a negligible effect of the flow speed on the heat transfer topological structure and a considerable effect of the obstacle geometry on the level and distribution of heat transfer enhancement.
四肢血管拉伸延长的力学特性及在显微吻合中的应用进展

对血管力学特性的大量基础研究已证实血管是黏弹性材料,具有拉伸延长的特性,但是这些基础研究的成果似乎没有引起临床医生足够注意,故没有转化为临床实践的成果。不少临床医生认为四肢主干血管断裂后缺损大于2 cm以上,需要进行血管移植。其实,如果能够了解血管的拉伸延长的力学特性,完全可以对更长的血管缺损,直接进行显微吻合,从而避免血管移植,还可简化手术,提高血管修复的质量。了解四肢血管的力学特性将对显微吻合技术产生较大的影响。
应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损

目的探讨应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢大面积软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法2011年5月至2013年4月,采用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离修复四肢大面积软组织缺损患者6例,其中修复手、前臂皮肤软组织缺损3例,修复小腿下段软组织缺损2例,修复足背软组织缺损1例;切取皮瓣面积6.0 cm x 10.0 cm ~8.0 cm x 15.0 cm。 结果6例皮瓣均成活,其中1例皮瓣缘小部分坏死,经换药后愈合。。术后随访6 ~24个月,2例皮瓣稍臃肿,经皮瓣修薄后外观明显改善;其余4例外形及功能良好。结论应用腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损临床效果良好.
细菌群体感应信号分子与宿主免疫相互调节

近年,有关细菌与宿主相互作用的研究表明,细菌分泌的群体感应信号(quorum sensing signal, QSS)分子是调节宿主细胞信号传递的重要信使。细菌分泌的群体感应信号分子种类繁多,经常干扰宿主哺乳动物细胞对细菌的免疫应答。通过抑制哺乳动物细胞免疫应答或炎症反应,QSS分子阻碍细胞免疫信号通路,最终致使细胞凋亡或坏死。不同种类的QSS分子具有不同的性质,某些信号分子能够穿过细胞膜,自由出入细胞;而有些则需要与膜上的特异受体结合后才能进出细胞。但QSS分子究竟如何干扰宿主免疫防御,宿主细胞能否识别细菌QSS的保守结构抵御细菌感染,还有待于进一步深入研究。本文针对QSS分子与宿主哺乳细胞之间相互作用的相关研究进行综述。
重视耐药突变检测指导幽门螺杆菌的根除治疗

幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)是一种微需氧的革兰阴性螺旋菌,全球约50%人口感染了该微生物。H. pylori感染是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌和胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的重要病因。因此,pylori的根除治疗已经成为临床上述疾病全球指南推荐的治疗。目前,国内外H. pylori根除治疗大多采用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)和(或)铋剂联合两种抗生素的三联或四联疗法,常用的抗生素包括克拉霉素、阿莫西林、喹诺酮类、呋喃唑酮、甲硝唑等。然而,在广泛根除H. pylori治疗的同时,H. pylori对抗生素产生的耐药率不断升高,导致根除率正逐渐下降。之前,学者们也一直在探索通过细菌培养与药物敏感性试验进行个性化三联或四联疗法。但是H. pylori的培养难度较大,培养周期过长,该方法很难应用于临床实践中,这也使得国内H. pylori 的耐药率不断升高。因此,新的H. pylori耐药检测方法的建立对于H. pylori根除治疗显得尤为重要。
腹腔脏器反位伴十二指肠膜性狭窄一例

患儿,男,9个月,因“反复呕吐3个月余,加重1周”入院。入院前3个月前进食稀粥后出现非喷射样呕吐,为不含胆汁胃内容物,调整饮食后好转,入院前1周出现持续呕吐不缓解而入院。查体:上腹部略饱满,安静时可见胃蠕动波,肝脏位于左肋下缘约1 cm,脾脏位于右侧。X线示:双泡征,考虑十二指肠梗阻;上消化道造影示:腹腔脏器反位,胃壁间积气,胃窦部、幽门部及十二指肠球部扩张,小肠通畅良好,分布异常,考虑肠旋转不良(图1); CT检查提示:肝、脾、胃反位;心脏彩超未见明显异常。于全麻下行剖腹探查术,见肝脏位于腹腔左侧、胃及脾脏位于右侧,阑尾位于肝脏下缘,降结肠及乙状结肠位于右下腹部,升结肠位于左上腹部,形成Ladd带压迫十二指肠降部,小心分离Ladd带,完整游离十二指肠各部后,十二指肠球部膨胀仍较明显,挤压扩张胃,内容物不易通过,考虑合并有“十二指肠膜性狭窄”,纵形切开十二指肠,见一风袋样隔膜,隔膜中央有一针尖样通道与下方相通,切除隔膜后横向缝合十二指肠,自口腔置胃管通过吻合口。术后7d予全流质饮食,15 d出院。随访1年后患儿饮食良好,发育正常。
保留肾单位手术在儿童肾母细胞瘤治疗中的应用

在儿童肾母细胞瘤中,大约有4%~6%的病例为双侧肾母细胞瘤~([1])。双侧肾母细胞瘤原始的治疗手段十分单一,只能做双侧肾切除、血液透析和肾移植。1932年,Chanutin 和Ferris首先发现一种综合征,当鼠一侧肾脏被切除,另一侧肾脏部分切除后,便逐渐发生尿毒症,最终出现肾小球硬化~([2])。Novick等~([3])对14例患有肾细胞癌或移行细胞癌的孤立肾患者进行回顾性研究,随访5~17年(平均7. 7年),所有病例的肾实质被切除25%~70%,12例肾功能稳定,2例发展为终末期肾病。结果显示,切除肾实质超过50%以上时,发生蛋白尿、肾小球硬化和进行性肾功能衰竭的危险增加,表明终末期肾功能衰竭与肾实质切除多少有直接相关性。保留肾单位手术(nephron-sparing surgery,NSS)的产生和不断发展,极大程度地避免了血液透析、肾移植和终末期肾功能衰竭的发生。
小肠间质瘤穿孔一例

目前对于小肠间质瘤的治疗以手术切除为主。手术范围和类型取决于肿瘤的在小及部位。术后给予甲磺酸伊马替尼的辅助治疗可以获得较好的疗效。该药也可以作为新辅助治疗难以切除的间质瘤,待肿瘤降期后再手术切除。