mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years:Synoptic meteorology

Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people’s life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation system based on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment.
Fighting against fall armyworm by using multiple genes pyramiding and silencing (MGPS) technology

The pest Fall Armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda belonging to the order Lepidoptera, is one of the most devastating insect pests resulting in severe economic losses to maize, rice, wheat, cotton and soybean in South America, Africa and Asia. It consists of two morphologically indistinguishable strains: the “corn strain” feeding mainly on maize, cotton and sorghum; the “rice strain” mostly feeding on rice and various grasses(Gouin et al., 2017). Adults of FAW have strong migration ability to fly 100 km per night. In 2018 it was detected in India and then spreads to Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, and China in 2019(http:// www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/en/). It is a polyphagous lepidopteran herbivore, attacks more than 350 plant species, and causes destructive damage to many economically important crops. The FAW causes up to 30%–60% yield losses. The losses running into billions of dollars for crops and on chemicals application. The FAW has effective barriers against control and management strategies: such as strong ability to eat, detoxify and digest a wide spectrum of plant hosts; rapid adaption to various environment; rapidly evolving resistance to chemical pesticides; and quickly develop tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) crystal toxins. Thus, it is ranked as one of the most notorious agricultural pests and there is a dire need to develop novel pest management approaches to control FAW. The commercial transgenic crops coupled with multiple Bt toxins genes against Lepidoptera pests have been successfully approved and deployed in north and south America. Based on the existing insights into biotic information and pest control(Cao et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2017; Kan et al., 2017; Lai et al., 2017), we here proposed a novel strategy against destructive FAW: multiple genes pyramiding and silencing(MGPS): combining the Bt genes pyramiding, in which different Bt toxins can bind to different receptors of pest, with plant-mediated RNA interferences which can target multiple key genes for development, detoxification, digestion and defense of pest. MGPS strategy could perform better to protect crops against this devastating pest.
A perspective on the Li-ion battery

In the 1960s,Rouxel in France and Robert Schroeder in Germany explored the chemistry of reversible intercalation of Li~+ between MS_2 (M=transition metal) layers held together by weak Van der Waals bonding.In 1967,Kummer and Webber of the Ford Motor Co.had discovered fast 2D Na~+ diffusion at 300 °C in incompletely occupied Na and O layers between spinel blocks of an aluminum oxide and had invented a sodium-sulfur battery operating above 300 °C.Their cell had molten sodium as the negative electrode (anode) and carbon felt in molten sulfur as the positive electrode (cathode);the molten electrodes were separated by the solid Na~+ electrolyte rather than solid electrodes kept apart by a separator in an aqueous H~+ electrolyte.This invention coincided with the first oil crisis;in response,a new battery technology emerged that was based on a positive electrode (cathode) having a reversible intercalation of Li~+ in a layered solid (Figure 1).
中国人文地理学70年创新发展与学术特色

中国人文地理学不同于国外人文地理学社会化、人文化的发展趋势,形成了中国的学术特色;强化了中国地理学的统一性综合性,在中国可持续发展与生态文明建设中发挥了独特作用.其自然科学与社会科学交叉研究、应用基础与服务决策相结合的学科特点与“Future Earth”倡导的基本理念相向而行,作出了一系列先导性探索.新中国成立前人文地理学全面起步、缓慢发展,形成了自然与社会科学交叉的综合性学科特征,以服务国土空间利用的学科发展应用导向,为新中国人文地理学的创新发展奠定了基础.70年来中国人文地理学创新发展经历了3个阶段:(1)改革开放前的践行“苏联模式”、经济地理学一枝独秀的发展阶段--技术经济分析方法显著提升了学科的定量化水平;(2)改革开放以来的人文地理学全面复兴、快速壮大的发展阶段--人文地理学与经济地理学并重的学科格局基本成形,人地关系地域系统理论成为学科发展的理论基石;(3)进入21世纪以来人文与经济地理学逐渐形成具有全球影响的学术特色的发展阶段--研究地球人文圈层和自然圈层相互作用、解决不同空间尺度和不同领域的可持续过程与格局问题.
近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境基础研究的重要进展与展望

自然环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,探索自然环境及其各要素(如地貌、气候、水文、土壤等)的特征、演变过程、地域分异规律以及驱动机制是自然地理学的重点研究内容.中国自然地理要素类型丰富且区域差异较大,为开展自然地理研究提供了难得的机遇.文章主要围绕青藏高原隆升与亚洲内陆干旱化及河流发育、高原冰冻圈环境演化、全新世多时间尺度季风与西风气候变化、湖泊与湿地、流域模型与土壤侵蚀、过去人-地关系演化、生物地理及中国三维地带性规律等几个方面,梳理了近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境研究的重大理论进展与重要贡献.在简要交代国际前沿研究进展的基础上,回顾并梳理了中国自然地理学各分支领域的研究脉络,进一步聚焦重大研究成果或具有较大争议、重大影响的学术争鸣问题,归纳目前研究现状,并进行未来工作展望.最后提出在推进生态文明建设的国家需求下,应发挥中国自然地理研究的优势,厘清自然地理要素变化的过程、规律与机制,持续推进中国自然地理研究为国家战略服务,在全球视野下做出具有中国特色的自然地理学理论贡献.
中国大规模造林变绿难以越过胡焕庸线

Chen等(2019)在Nature Sustainability发表论文“China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management”.该论文基于2000~2017年的MODIS影像数据,揭示了中国和印度在这一期间明显变绿,其中中国占全球叶面积净增加的25%.森林对中国变绿的贡献占42%,农田占32%.
LncRNA TUG1 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferative inhibition and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells by sponging miR-132

Emerging evidence shows that the long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) plays pivotal roles in regulating biological properties and functions of parenchyma cells in various types of disease processes. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of TUG1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in periodontitis is undefined. In this study, we explored the functions of TUG1 and its underlying mechanisms in the inflammatory process induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in PDLCs. Our results showed that TUG1 had a decreased expression in both periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues with periodontitis and PDLCs under a LPS-induced inflammatory condition, and TUG1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-132 expression in periodontitis-affected PDL tissues. Furthermore, we found that TUG1 overexpression in PDLCs alleviated LPS-induced proliferative inhibition and apoptosis promotion, while TUG1 knockdown had the opposite effect. In addition, miR-132 inhibitor alleviated TUG1 knockdown-induced inhibition of proliferation and increase of apoptosis in PDLCs under inflammatory conditions induced by LPS. These findings indicated that TUG1 has an enormous potential in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis of PDLCs during periodontitis and may provide an effective therapeutic target for periodontitis to reduce the damage caused by inflammatory reactions.
非编码RNA在椎间盘退行性变中作用的研究进展

椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc dengeneration, IDD)是骨骼肌肉疾病中在临床引起腰痛的重要原因之一,目前发病机制不明,尚无针对性的有效治疗方法。椎间盘主要由凝胶状的髓核、纤维环和附着在椎体上下的软骨终板三个部分所构成[1]。内层的髓核由髓核细胞(nucleus pulposus cell,NP)以及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和蛋白多糖构成的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)组成。外层的纤维环由呈同心圆方式排列的纤维组成,能够容纳并保护内层的髓核。IDD的病理生理过程包括髓核细胞数量减少、ECM丧失以及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白大量合成,最终导致椎间盘退变[2]。然而IDD发生发展的具体分子机制尚未完全清楚。
成人单纯性右心房横纹肌瘤经食管超声心动图表现1例

讨论:心脏横纹肌瘤是一种少见的伴有骨骼肌分化的心脏原发性肿瘤,在胎儿期、新生儿及婴幼儿期更为多见,多发生于心室及室间隔,常多发,多合并有结节性硬化[1-2]。本例患者为成人妊娠晚期发现的单纯性右心房横纹肌瘤,对血流动力学无明显影响,临床无相关结节性硬化特征,既往鲜有报道。本病例经胸超声心动图探查受胸部肺气等干扰影响,未能清晰显示肿瘤的形态、轮廓及与周围组织的关系,容易误诊。经食管超声心动图探头紧邻心房,避开了胸壁和肺气的遮挡,探查时能清楚地显示右心房中异常回声团块的大小、形态、轮廓,并能清晰显示肿瘤蒂结构附着于右心房前壁近右心房顶部,有明显活动度,但形态无明显变化,清晰显示房间隔及上、下腔静脉情况,为临床提供了更加详实的影像学信息。临床应注意与右心房黏液瘤、血管瘤、心内血管平滑肌瘤、纤维瘤、血管肉瘤等其他心脏肿瘤相鉴别,依据相关临床特征,结合不同的超声表现有助于更进一步诊断,最终确诊需病理检查。
一家系两姐妹同患17α羟化酶缺陷症

综上所述,17α羟化酶缺陷型CAH患儿临床表现复杂,漏诊率高,儿科医师应该提高对该病的认识,对高血压、低血钾、特别是伴有性腺发育异常者应注意17α羟化酶缺陷症的可能性,做到早期干预。
基于XGBoost集成模型的社会基本医疗保险参保人欺诈风险预测研究

社会基本医疗保险制度是社保体系的重要组成部分,医保基金则是其物质基础。医疗保险欺诈是指个人或组织故意欺骗或歪曲事实以使其本人或组织获得不法医疗保险资金的行为,它会对医疗保险基金安全构成巨大威胁。然而,传统的欺诈风险识别主要依靠人工审核,成本高、效率低且准确率偏低。因此,科学高效地预测欺诈风险对于反欺诈工作的展开具有重要意义。
大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃浓度缺失值填补方法的研究

目的研究大气PM2.5中多环芳烃( PAHs)浓度缺失值的填补方法。方法采用Pearson相关分析16种ΣPAHs浓度与气象因素及大气污染物的相关关系;采用Box-Cox变换、多元线性逐步回归法和曲线拟合法拟合回归方程,将缺失的16种ΣPAHs浓度作为因变量,相关变量作为自变量,以预测值作为PAHs浓度填补值。结果16种Σ PAHs浓度与平均温度、风速和日照小时数呈负相关,与平均相对湿度和平均气压呈正相关,与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2浓度呈正相关,与O_3呈负相关。气象因素中平均温度对16种ΣPAHs浓度影响最大,大气污染物中PM_(2.5)对16种ΣPAHs浓度影响最大,回归方程预测的2017年16种ΣPAHs浓度与实测的比较,结果显示均无差别。结论对数据Box-Cox变换后采用多元线性逐步回归法建立16种ΣPAHs浓度与平均温度和平均风速的回归方程,回归模型拟合效果较好,可用来填补缺失的PAHs浓度。
肾脏占位---请分析诊断

总结本例病变特点:患者男性,腰痛,无肉眼血尿,肾窦区实性肿块,边界清晰,中心坏死、出血,凸向肾盂区,肾盂肾盏受压扩张,增强扫描皮质期肿瘤明显强化,强化程度等或稍低于正常肾皮质,髓质期肿瘤实性部分进一步强化,延迟期肿瘤对比剂明显减退,呈“缓升-速降”型强化方式。以上征象有助于与肾癌及肾盂癌鉴别,有助于影像诊断提示肌周细胞瘤可能,但最终诊断仍有赖于病理。
后纵隔异位胸腺未分化癌一例

发生于后纵隔的异位胸腺癌应该与神经源性肿瘤、纵隔型肺癌或侵袭性胸腺瘤相鉴别。目前对于异位胸腺癌的报道很少,由于其发病部位的不确定性而容易被混淆,最终确诊依赖于病理免疫学检查。异位胸腺癌侵袭性强,可向周围组织浸润或远处播散,所以早期诊断、及时外科手术和放化疗有助于患者的预后,增强CT、MRI和PET/CT检查无论是在术前诊断还是术后评估中均具有重要的价值。
去泛素化酶USP33的研究进展

泛素-特异性蛋白酶33( ubiquitin-specific proteases 33,USP33)是去泛素化酶( deubiquitinating enzymes,DUB)家族的重要成员,主要通过对底物蛋白的去泛素化阻止蛋白酶体降解,进而调节细胞内多种生命活动。同时,USP33在不同肿瘤中的特异性可为肿瘤的预防、治疗及预后提供新方向。该文现就USP33在信号通路、自噬、中心体扩增、肿瘤发生、发展中的研究进展进行回顾和综述。
原发性垂体炎7例并文献复习

目的探讨原发性垂体炎的临床病理学和免疫表型特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法7例原发性垂体炎行HE和免疫组化、PAS和抗酸染色,并复习相关文献。结果7例均为女性,年龄23 ~ 63岁,患者多不同程度表现为头痛头晕、视野缺损或视物模糊和内分泌紊乱症状; MRI或CT示鞍区占位。镜检:淋巴细胞性垂体炎(例1、2)见多量淋巴浆细胞浸润破坏垂体腺组织,呈不规则岛状或小簇状伴嗜酸性变;肉芽肿性垂体炎(例3 ~ 6)示上皮样组织细胞聚集形成明显肉芽肿结节,其中例3和例4可见非干酪样坏死;黄色瘤性垂体炎(例7)可见多量泡沫样及上皮样组织细胞伴出血、坏死及胆固醇结晶。7例见残存垂体腺泡组织及炎性纤维增生。免疫组化染色炎性浸润区示B细胞和T细胞混杂,腺泡间以T细胞为主伴灶性IgG阳性细胞及稀疏的IgG4阳性细胞,缺乏轻链限制性表达。组织细胞及肉芽肿结构CD68和CD163多阳性,S-100和CD1a阴性。残存垂体腺泡组织示多种垂体激素标记阳性。PAS和抗酸染色均阴性。结论原发性垂体炎临床较罕见,女性好发,缺乏特征性的临床、生化及影像学表现,依靠病理检查可确诊。病理形态分为3种组织学亚型,尽管可有重叠或移行状态,然而其分型依然有助于与不同形态的相似肿瘤和疾病鉴别。
AKR1C1在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

人20α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶( aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1,AKR1C1)是醛酮还原酶( aldo-keto reductase, AKRs)超家族成员之一。AKR1C1的功能:( 1)调节雄激素、雌激素和孕激素的代谢,参与多种生理功能,与类固醇激素依赖型恶性肿瘤密切相关;( 2) AKR1C1的过表达可降低化疗的敏感性,增加化疗耐药性,是导致化疗失败的主要原因。近年有研究已证实AKR1C1对肿瘤的侵袭、转移、化疗药物耐药有着重要的作用。因此,分析AKR1C1对肿瘤发生、发展的分子机制及靶向治疗有重要意义。该文针对AKR1C1在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。
中年男性最大脂肪氧化速率测试中不同分析方法对测试结果的影响

目的:探讨采用气体代谢法进行最大脂肪氧化速率测试中,两种分析方法(30秒值法与区域平均值法)对最大脂肪氧化速率计算结果的影响。方法:招募21名中年男性受试者,年龄43 ± 13岁,身高171.7 ± 5.2 cm,体重72.1 ± 11.6 kg。通过功率自行车递增负荷方案进行最大脂肪氧化速率测试。比较连续30秒和区域平均值两种分析方法获得的最大脂肪氧化速率及其所对应的摄氧量、负荷、脂肪供能占比、呼吸商、心率之间的差异。结果:1)30秒值法和区域平均值法测得的最大脂肪氧化速率值显著相关(r=0.969,P<0.01);与区域平均值法相比,30秒值法得到的脂肪氧化速率高35.38%(16.76 ± 6.17 g/h vs.12.38 ± 4.45 g/h,P<0.01),脂肪供能比高21.61%(46.70% ± 12.20% vs.38.40% ± 9.96%,P<0.01),心率(100 ± 12 bpm vs.99 ± 13 bpm)与负荷(61.80 ± 18.50 W vs.57.10 ± 14.00 W)均无显著差异(P>0.05),呼吸商显著较低(0.83 ± 0.04 vs.0.85 ± 0.03,P<0.01)。2)通过相关分析法,两种方法所得的最大脂肪氧化速率与受试者身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、年龄、最大心率均无显著相关,与最大摄氧量、最大负荷显著相关,且30秒值法与最大摄氧量的相关系数(r=0.639,P=0.002)高于区域值的方法(r=0.586,P=0.005)。结论:最大摄氧量和最大负荷是最大脂肪氧化速率的重要决定因素。30秒值法和区域平均值法所得结果显著相关,但存在差异。30秒值分析方法更易精确找到受试者的最大脂肪消耗负荷。
竞技性高山滑雪运动损伤研究进展

竞技性高山滑雪中,赛事级别越高,损伤发生率越高,总体上男性高于女性。损伤部位主要集中在膝关节,其次是下背部和头部,其中膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)一直是研究热点。中度伤和重度伤比例较高。竞技性高山滑雪损伤因素包括运动员主体和客体因素,主体因素中相对年龄大和生理成熟晚的运动员损伤风险高,提示训练中要区别对待,核心力量失衡和疲劳也会造成不同程度损伤;客体因素中器材选择、赛道变化和雪质差异都会带来损伤风险。预防措施涉及运动员主体科学训练和客体因素两方面,其中客体预防中,场地线路设置优于器材和雪况对竞技滑雪损伤的预防效果。
欧洲吞咽障碍学会2019年会巡礼

欧洲吞咽障碍学会(European Society of Swallowing Disorder,ESSD)第9届会议于2019年9月19日至21日在奥地利首都维也纳市中心的国际会议中心举行,会议总参会人数700余人。按ESSD惯例,9月17日至18日在维也纳大学附属维也纳总医院举办了3个为期两天的会前学习班,9月19日为会前会,正式会议从9月20日开始,为期两天。除欧盟各成员国的专业人士外,美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、韩国、中国(包括香港和台湾)以及泰国都有代表参加,中山大学附属第三医院康复医学科窦祖林教授和张耀文语言治疗师注册参加了全程会议。
前庭康复在脑卒中康复治疗中的应用

前庭康复是干预前庭功能障碍所致前庭、视觉、平衡等功能异常的治疗方法,近年来在康复治疗的整体模式中逐加重视。脑卒中患者常出现中枢性前庭功能障碍,表现为听觉、视觉、眼球运动、平衡等问题。前庭康复在脑卒中康复治疗中的应用,可完善整体功能训练,促进转移、步行等功能性活动能力提高。前庭康复在我国起步较晚,其在脑卒中康复中的应用,尚待普及化、专业化。本文对前庭康复在脑卒中康复治疗中的应用进行综述,旨在为相关治疗应用提供理论依据。
不同频率重复经颅磁刺激治疗缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效观察

目的观察不同频率重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对缺血性脑卒中患者运动功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将45例缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者分为高频组、低频组及假刺激组,每组15例。3组患者均给予常规康复干预,高频组患者在此基础上针对患侧运动皮质Ml区给予10 Hz高频rTMS治疗,低频组患者则针对健侧运动皮质Ml区给予0.5 Hz低频rTMS治疗,假刺激组则针对患侧运动皮质Ml区给予假磁刺激治疗。于治疗前、治疗3周后分别检测3组患者运动诱发电位(MEP)皮质潜伏期及中枢运动传导时间(CMCT),同时采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)及改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)对3组患者运动功能恢复情况进行评定。结果治疗后3组患者MEP皮质潜伏期、CMCT及FMA、BBS、MBI评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),并且高频组、低频组上述疗效指标亦显著优于假刺激组水平(P<0.05),同时低频组MEP皮质潜伏期、CMCT均较高频组明显缩短,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后低频组与高频组FMA、BBS及MBI评分组间差异仍无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低频及高频rTMS治疗均有利于缺血性脑卒中患者运动功能恢复,并且低频rTMS刺激健侧Ml区较高频rTMS刺激病灶侧Ml区能更显著改善病灶侧皮质兴奋性。
悬吊训练对视神经脊髓炎谱系病患者运动平衡功能的影响

目的探讨悬吊训练对视神经脊髓炎谱系病患者运动平衡功能及残疾水平的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将我院收治的60例视神经脊髓炎谱系病患者分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。入选后2组患者均给予常规运动训练,观察组患者在此基础上辅以悬吊训练,每周治疗5 d,共持续治疗4周。于入选时、治疗4周后分别采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)及扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)对2组患者疗效进行评定。结果经4周治疗后发现2组患者EDSS评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),BBS评分均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);并且观察组患者治疗后BBS评分[(39.5±11.5)分]、EDSS评分[(4.8±1.5)分]亦显著优于对照组水平,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规康复干预基础上辅以悬吊训练可进一步提高视神经脊髓炎谱系病患者平衡运动功能,并降低其残疾水平,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用。
中国左心耳封堵预防心房颤动卒中专家共识(2019)

左心耳封堵(LAAC)预防非瓣膜性心房颤动卒中的疗效和安全性已被多个随机对照和注册研究所证实,也已被多个指南推荐用于具有高卒中风险房颤患者卒中的预防。然而,LAAC作为一种新兴技术,其应用不能仅限于指南所涉及适应证和禁忌证的讨论,还应包括该技术所涉及的多种器械和操作的综合应用,影像学指导和评估,并发症处理,围术期及术后用药,以及术后管理等多方面内容。鉴于现有循证医学证据和指南推荐很难涵盖上述所有方面,因此中华医学会心血管病分会和中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会组织不同领域的专家,经充分讨论,最终形成了本共识。根据现有的循证医学证据和临床实践经验,本共识对LAAC及其相关技术应用的合理性、是否有更多临床获益或更少操作相关并发症给予适合(合理,有更多获益或更少并发症)、不确定(有一定合理性,但尚需更多证据)和不适合(不一定合理,不太可能获益或有更多并发症)3种不同等级的推荐,以指导和规范LAAC及其相关技术的临床应用。
Core transcriptional signatures of phase change in the migratory locust

Phenotypic plasticity plays fundamental roles in successful adaptation of animals in response to environmental variations. Here, to reveal the transcriptome reprogramming in locust phase change, a typical phenotypic plasticity, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple phase-related transcriptomic datasets of the migratory locust. We defined PhaseCore genes according to their contribution to phase differentiation by the adjustment for confounding principal components analysis algorithm (AC-PCA). Compared with other genes, PhaseCore genes predicted phase status with over 87.5% accuracy and displayed more unique gene attributes including the faster evolution rate, higher CpG content and higher specific expression level. Then, we identified 20 transcription factors (TFs)named PhaseCoreTF genes that are associated with the regulation of PhaseCore genes. Finally, we experimentally verified the regulatory roles of three representative TFs (Hr4, Hr46, and grh)in phase change by RNAi. Our findings revealed that core transcriptional signatures are involved in the global regulation of locust phase changes, suggesting a potential common mechanism underlying phenotypic plasticity in insects. The expression and network data are accessible in an online resource called LocustMine (http://www.locustmine. org:8080/locustmine).
Regulation of intracellular Ca~(2+)/CaMKII signaling by TRPV4 membrane translocation during osteoblastic differentiation

Bone constantly remodels between resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts; therefore the functions of osteoblasts are pivotal for maintaining homeostasis of bone mass. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a type of mechanosensitive channel, has been reported to be a key regulator in bone remodeling. However, the relationship between TRPV4 and osteoblast function remains largely elusive. Only little is known about the spatial distribution change of TRPV4 during osteoblastic differentiation and related signal events. Based on three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy, our results clearly showed a different distribution of TRPV4 in undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts, which reflected the plasma membrane translocation of TRPV4 along with prolonged differentiation. GSK1016790A (GSK101), the most potent agonist of TRPV4, triggered rapid calcium entry and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation via TRPV4 activation in a differentiation-dependent manner, indicating that the abundance of TRPV4 at the cell surface resulting from differentiation may be related to the modulation of Ca~(2+) response and CaMKII activity. These data provide compelling evidences for the plasma membrane translocation of TRPV4 during osteoblastic differentiation as well as demonstrate the regulation of downstream Ca~(2+)/CaMKII signaling.
Noninvasive ventilation in a young infant with congenital central hypoventilation and 7-year follow-up

Introduction: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS)is a rare disorder characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and autonomic system dysregulation secondary to mutations of the PHOX2B gene. Treatment consists of assisted ventilation using positive-pressure ventilators via tracheostomy, bi-level positive airway pressure (BPAP)via a noninvasive interface, negativepressure ventilators, or diaphragm pacing. The long-term use of BPAP in younger children at home has been less frequently reported. Case presentation: We present a case of a 2-month-old infant with CCHS who was successfully managed by BPAP without the need for tracheostomy and followed up for 7 years. Conclusion: CCHS is a rare disease that manifests as nocturnal desaturation and carbon dioxide retention in early life. Noninvasive ventilation can be successfully used in young infants via an appropriate mask.
Topological Comparison and Analysis of Medium-voltage and High-power Direct-linked PV Inverter

Among all the renewable energy sources, the installed capacity of solar power generation is the fastest growing in recent years, so photovoltaic (PV) power generation still has great market potential. Compared with low-power systems, large-scale PV systems are more commercially attractive, because they can reduce the cost of the system per watt. The PV inverters with centralized and string structure have been applied in large-scale PV plant, but it is difficult to further increase the voltage and power levels for a single converter. In addition, the line-frequency isolation transformer requires a large amount of materials and has a large volume and weight. Therefore, it is a current trend for large-scale PV system to increase the voltage and power levels to directly connect to the medium-voltage power grid. Based on this, this paper investigates and compares several topologies of PV inverters without line-frequency transformer, including the MMC structure and the three-phase cascaded H-bridge (CHB) structure, which are able to directly connect to the 35kV medium-voltage power grid, and can not only make the voltage and power levels higher, but also further reduce the cost and volume of the whole system.
Hybrid Predictive Control with Simple Linear Control Based Circulating Current Suppression for Modular Multilevel Converters

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a promising topology for widespread power converter applications. However, an evident circulating current flowing between the phases will increase system losses and complicate the heatsink design. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model predictive control method for MMCs. This method utilizes an indirect structure MPC and a sorting algorithm to implement current tracking and capacitor voltages balancing, considerably resulting in reduced calculation burden. In addition, different from the conventional MPC solutions, we add a simple proportional-integral (PI) controller to suppress circulating current through modifying the submodule (SM) inserted number, which is parallel to the MPC loop. This hybrid control solution combines both advantages of MPC and linear control, evidently resulting in improved performance of circulating current. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink results of an 11-level MMC system verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
A Review of Nonlinear Kalman Filter Appling to Sensorless Control for AC Motor Drives

Sensorless control of AC motor drives, which takes the advantages of cost saving, higher reliability, and less hardware, has been developed for several decades. Among the existing speed sensorless control methods, nonlinear Kalman filter-based one has attached widespread attention due to its superb estimation accuracy and inherent resistibility to noise. However, the determination of noise covariance matrix and robustness of model uncertainties are still open issues in practice. A great number of studies try to solve these problems in resent years. This paper reviews the application of extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) in speed sensorless control for AC motor drives. As an iterative algorithm, EKF has advantages in processor implementation. However, EKF suffers from the linearization error and model uncertainties when applying to sensorless control system. This paper presents the predominant improvements of EKF which is also applicative in UKF and CKF mostly.
A Novel Hybrid Seven-Level Converter for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driving System Based on Model Predictive Control

A novel hybrid three-phase seven-level converter is proposed in the paper. Each phase consists of a four-level bridge and a two-level H bridge, which contains ten switching devices and a floating capacitor. The circuit structure is introduced and working principle of the converter containing 14 commutation paths is analyzed, which is easy to control the floating capacitor voltage. In order to drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with the proposed converter, model predictive control (MPC) strategy is adopted. The control objectives such as controlling the currents of PMSM and capacitor voltages balancing are included in a cost function with two weight factors, which can control the currents of PMSM and balance the capacitor voltages simultaneously. To validate the proposed control scheme, simulations in two cases are carried out by using Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency in two cases are verified with the experimental test bench based on RT_LAB.