mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
爱罗咳喘宁对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-2、髓过氧化物酶、炎细胞及肺组织病理变化的影响

目的观察爱罗咳喘宁口服液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP)-2、和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)变化及肺组织结构的影响,探讨爱罗咳喘宁方对COPD作用的可能机制。方法采用脂多糖(LPS)加烟雾诱导COPD大鼠模型,大鼠被随机被分为正常组、模型组、爱罗咳喘宁口服液低、中、高剂量组。正常组、模型组灌胃蒸馏水(10 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),爱罗咳喘宁口服液低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃混悬液5,10,20 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连续7 d。酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定各组大鼠BALF和肺组织匀浆中TNF-α和MIP-2的含量,比色法测定MPO活性。结果与正常组比较,模型组BALF和肺组织匀浆TNF-α、MIP-2和MPO均显著升高(P均<0.05);与模型组相比,爱罗咳喘宁口服液中剂量组TNF-α、MIP-2和MPO均显著降低(P均<0.05)。结论爱罗咳喘宁口服液治疗COPD的作用机制可能与抑制TNF-α、MIP-2和MPO的释放有关。
Efficient nonlinear companding scheme for substantial reduction in peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) produces a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that adversely affects high-speed OFDM data transmission. In order to reduce the high PAPR, an efficient nonlinear companding transform (NCT) function is proposed. With the proposed NCT function, the compression and expansion weights can be applied independently with suitably chosen function parameter values. As a result, the proposed function can easily maintain the average signal power approximately unchanged during the companding process. In this regard, the proposed function is superior to previously proposed schemes. Also, the simulations show the outstanding PAPR reduction performance of the proposed function. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme performs well with nonlinear transmitter amplifiers and delivers superior error performance, compared with error function and exponential function based schemes.
Transition Modelling Implications in the CFD Analysis of a Turbine Nozzle Vane Cascade Tested Over a Range of Mach and Reynolds Numbers

The aerodynamic performance of a gas turbine nozzle vane cascade was investigated over a range of Mach and Reynolds numbers. The work is part of a vast research project aimed at the analysis of fluid dynamics and heat transfer phenomena in cooled blades. In this paper computed results on the "solid vane" (without cooling devices) are presented and discussed in comparison with experimental data. Detailed measurements were provided by the University of Bergamo where the experimental campaign was carried out by means of a subsonic wind tunnel. The impact of boundary layer transition is investigated by using a novel laminar kinetic energy transport model and the widely used Langtry-Menter γ–Re_(θ,t) model. The comparison between calculations and measurements is presented in terms of blade loading distributions, total pressure loss coefficient contours downstream of the cascade, and velocity/turbulence-intensity profiles within the boundary layer at selected blade surface locations at mid-span. It will be shown how transitional calculations compare favorably with experiments.
Simulating Evolution of a Loess Gully Head with Cellular Automata

This paper presents a new method for simulating the evolution of a gully head in a loess catchment with cellular automata (CA) based on the Fisher discriminant. The experimental site is an indoor loess catchment that was constructed in a fixed-intensity rainfall erosion test facility. Nine high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data sets were gathered by close range photogrammetry during different phases of the experiment. To simulate the evolution of the catchment gully head, we assumed the following. First, the 5th and 6th DEM data sets were used as a data source for acquiring the location of the catchment gully head and for obtaining spatial variables with GIS spatial analysis tools. Second, the Fisher discriminant was used to calculate the weight of the spatial variables to determine the transition probabilities. Third, CA model was structured to simulate the evolution of the gully head by iterative looping. The status of the cell in the CA models was dynamically updated at the end of each loop to obtain realistic results. Finally, the nearest neighbor, G-function, K-function, Moran′s I and fractal indexes were used to evaluate the model results. Overall, the CA model can be used to simulate the evolution of a loess gully head. The experiment demonstrated the advantages of the CA model which can simulate the dynamic evolution of gully head evolution in a catchment.
Effect of Root Architecture on Structural Stability and Erodibility of Topsoils during Concentrated Flow in Hilly Loess Plateau

Traditional vegetation techniques for the control of concentrated flow erosion are widely recognized, whereas only a few studies have experimentally investigated the impacts of belowground roots on the erodibility of topsoils in semi-arid areas. To quantify the effects of root architectures on soil erodibility and its relevant structural properties, simulated flow experiments were conducted at six-week intervals from 18 July to 20 October in 2012 in the hilly Loess Plateau. Five treatments were: 1) bare (control), 2) purple alfalfa (Medicago sativa), representing tap roots (T), 3) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), representing fibrous roots (F), 4) purple alfalfa and switchgrass, representing both tap and fibrous roots (T + F), and 5) natural recovery (N). For each treatment, soil structural properties and root characteristics were measured at an interval of six weeks. Soil anti-scouribility was calculated. Results showed that grass planting slightly reduced soil bulk density, but increased soil aggregate content by 19.1%, 10.6%, 28.5%, and 41.2% in the treatments T, F, T + F, and N, respectively. Soil shear strength (cohesion and angle of internal friction (φ)) significantly increased after the grass was planted. As roots grew, soil cohesion increased by 115.2%-135.5%, while soil disintegration rate decreased by 39.0%-58.1% in the 21th week compared with the recorded value in the 9th week. Meanwhile, root density and root surface area density increased by 64.0%-104.7% and 75.9%-157.1%, respectively. No significant differences in soil anti-scouribility were observed between the treatments of T and F or of T + F and N, but the treatments of T + F and N performed more effectively than T or F treatment alone in retarding concentrated flow. Soil aggregation and root surface-area density explained the observed soil anti-scouribility during concentrated flow well for the different treatments. This result proved that the restoration of natural vegetation might be the most appropriate strategy in soil reinforcement in the hilly Loess Plateau.
Urban Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in China

The efficient use of water resources directly affects environmental, social, and economic development; therefore, it has a significant impact on urban populations. A slacks-based measure for data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) has been widely used in energy efficiency and environmental efficiency analyses in recent years. Based on this model, data from 316 cities were examined and a category method was employed involving three different sorting techniques to empirically evaluate the efficiency of urban water resource utilization in China between 2000 and 2012. The overall efficiency (OE) of urban water resource utilization in China was initially low, but has improved over the past decade. The scale efficiency (SE) was higher than the pure technological efficiency (PTE); PTE is a major determining factor of OE, and has had an increasingly significant effect. The efficiency of water resource utilization varied according to the region, urban scale, and economic function. The OE score for the eastern China was higher than for the rest of the region, and the OE score for the western China was higher than for the central China. The OE score for urban water resource utilization has improved with urban expansion, except in the case of small cities. The SE showed an inverted ′U-shaped′ trend with increasing urban expansion. The OE of urban water utilization in comprehensive functional cities was greater than in economic specialization cities, and was greater in heavy industry specialization cities than in other specialization cities. This study contributes to the field of urban water resource management by examining variations in efficiency with urban scale.
聚乙二醇干扰素-α-2b联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎患者的长期病毒学应答

聚乙二醇干扰素-α(peg-IFN-α)联合利巴韦林(RBV)治疗慢性丙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis virus C,CHC)结束后随访24周,患者血HCV RNA阴性可认为获得了持续病毒学应答(sustained virologic response, SVR)。但是临床上仍有一些患者在获得SVR后又出现复发,且复发时间和复发率文献报道不一。为此,本研究对完成peg-IFN-α-2b联合RBV疗程并且在治疗结束时获得病毒学应答(end of treatment viroligic response,ETVR)的CHC患者随访7年,初步探讨药物剂量对长期疗效的影响。
安全药理学的快速发展对创新药物研发作用巨大

中国药理学会自1985年成立以来,发挥了学会和所属专业委员会的人才和学术优势,使我国的药理学学科发展取得了非常瞩目的成就。中国药理学会2014年11月正式批准成立的安全药理学专业委员会,也是全球第3个安全药理学的专业学术团体,是由国内外安全药理学工作者(专业委员会成员包括美国SPS主席和日本SPS主席等众多海外学者)组建的专业委员会。专业委员会的成立大大促进了我国安全药理学的发展,缩小了我国安全药理学研究水平与发达国家的差距。
Relocation of the 2008 Panzhihua M_S 6.1 Earthquake Sequence

The Panzhihua M_S 6.1 earthquake sequence on August 30,2008 was relocated using the Hypo 2000 + Hypo DD algorithm with the seismic phase data from the Sichuan and Yunnan regional digital seismic networks,and the results show that the epicenters are distributed in the near NS direction,the length of aftershock concentration zone is about 30 km,and the main shock is about 14 km in depth. The depth of the sequence is distributed in the range of 0- 4km and 5- 20 km,and the layer of 4- 5km depth is an apparent earthquake absence layer. The cross-section along the fracture's long axis shows there is an irregular seismic gap in the middle segment of the aftershock region,which is the rupture region of the M6 3/4 earthquake in 1955,and this earthquake occurred in the south of the gap. We believe that the Panzhihua M_S 6.1 earthquake sequence on August 30,2008 was a result of rupture of the residual asperity caused by the stress adjustment of the Wenchuan M_S 8.0 earthquake. The other two profiles perpendicular to the long axis show that the focal depth in the north segment is larger and the fault plane dips NW,which is consistent with the dip of the Hongge fault.
Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribution patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni) in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concentrations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested metals except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of "heavily polluted" to "extremely polluted," whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of "moderately polluted". The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children (HI=1.89), indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults (HI=0.23). The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.
Land use/land cover classification and its change detection using multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data

Detailed analysis of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) using remote sensing data in complex irrigated basins provides complete profile for better water resource management and planning. Using remote sensing data, this study provides detailed land use maps of the Lower Chenab Canal irrigated region of Pakistan from 2005 to 2012 for LULC change detection. Major crop types are demarcated by identifying temporal profiles of NDVI using MODIS 250 m × 250 m spatial resolution data. Wheat and rice are found to be major crops in rabi and kharif seasons, respectively. Accuracy assessment of prepared maps is performed using three different techniques: error matrix approach, comparison with ancillary data and with previous study. Producer and user accuracies for each class are calculated along with kappa coefficients (K). The average overall accuracies for rabi and kharif are 82.83% and 78.21%, respectively. Producer and user accuracies for individual class range respectively between 72.5% to 77% and 70.1% to 84.3% for rabi and 76.6% to 90.2% and 72% to 84.7% for kharif. The K values range between 0.66 to 0.77 for rabi with average of 0.73, and from 0.69 to 0.74 with average of 0.71 for kharif. LULC change detection indicates that wheat and rice have less volatility of change in comparison with both rabi and kharif fodders. Transformation between cotton and rice is less common due to their completely different cropping conditions. Results of spatial and temporal LULC distributions and their seasonal variations provide useful insights for establishing realistic LULC scenarios for hydrological studies.
Heavy metals in suspended matters during a tidal cycle in the turbidity maximum around the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary

A In order to discuss the content distributions and fluxes of heavy metals in suspended matters during a tidal cycle in the turbidity maximum around the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary, the contents of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni) have been analyzed. During a tidal cycle, the average contents of heavy metals are in the order of Zn>Ni>Pb>Co Cd. The average contents in ebb tide are generally higher than that in flood tide. However, at the inshore Sta. 11, influenced by the contamination from the nearby waste treatment plant, the average contents of Zn and Ni in flood tide are higher than those in ebb tide and at the offshore Sta. 10, the content of Cd in flood tide higher than that in ebb tide due to marine-derived materials. The five heavy metals, mainly terrigenous, are transported towards east-northeast, and settle down with suspended matters in the area between Sta. 11 and Sta. 10. Influenced by marine-derived materials, the flux value of Cd does not alter significantly with obviously changing in flux direction towards northwest. The source of heavy metals, the salinity of water and the concentration of suspended matters are the main factors controlling the content distributions of heavy metals during a tidal cycle. There is a positive correlation between the contents of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Co and Ni) and the salinity of water, while the opposite correlation between the contents and the concentrations of suspended matters. Because of marine-derived materials, the content of Cd is not correlated with the concentration of suspended matters and the salinity of water.
Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression during early development processes of the tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Differential expression of genes is crucial to growth and development of fish. To select the appropriate genes for gene normalization during Cynoglossus semilaevis early developmental process, eight candidate reference genes (ACTB, B2M, EF1A, GADPH, RPL7, TUBA, UBCE and 18S) were tested for their adequacy by using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression of all the examined genes exhibited tissue dependent variations in the mature C. semilaevis. EF1A was listed as the most stable reference among the 14 tissues by RefFinder. Furthermore, the recommended comprehensive ranking of the stability determined by RefFinder showed that 18S was the most stable gene during the early developmental stages (from oosphere to 90 days old) in this study. However, when divided the Ct value data of the above mentioned early developmental stages into two separate periods (embryo and post-hatching periods), TUBA and 18S represented the most stable references of these two developmental periods, respectively. Consequently, the reference gene should be carefully and accurately chosen even for studies of the same species at various developmental processes. The relevant data may help in selecting appropriate reference genes for mRNA expression analysis, and is of great value in the studies of fish growth and development.
Public Exposure to U.S. Commercial Nuclear Power Plants Induced Disasters

This study explores the potential risks associated with the 65 U.S.-based commercial nuclear power plants and the distribution of those risks among the populations of both their respective host communities and of the communities located in outlying areas. First, it starts by examining the racial/ethnic composition of the host community populations, as well as the disparities in socioeconomic status that exist, if any, between the host communities and communities located in outlying areas. Second, it utilizes two independent-sample T tests to identify any differences in the sociodemographic compositions of the two areas. Third, it explores regional demographic trends by looking at the percent change in demographic variables in the host communities and communities located in outlying areas in 1990–2000 and 2000–2010. Findings reveal that during the past two decades more people were exposed to the risks as population living in the host communities increased.
Ultrasonic Nebulizer Assisted LIBS: a Promising Metal Elements Detection Method for Aqueous Sample Analysis

A newly developed approach for trace metal elements detection for aqueous samples analysis is presented in this paper. The idea of this approach is to improve ablation efficiency by transforming the liquid sample into a dense cloud of droplets using an ultrasonic nebulizer. The resulting droplets are then subjected to analysis by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A purpose-built ultrasonic nebulizer assisted LIBS (UN-LIBS) system has been applied to the analysis of aqueous samples at trace levels of concentration. Experimental investigations of solution samples were carried out with various dissolved trace metal elements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mg and Na) using this approach. The characteristics of UN-LIBS signal of the elements were investigated regarding the lifetime and S/B ratio and the calibration curves for trace metal elements analyses. The obtained LODs are comparable or much better than the LODS of the reported signal enhancement approaches when the laser pulse energy was as low as 30 mJ. The good linearity of calibration curves and the low LODs shows the potential ability of this method for metal elements analysis application. The density of the electrons was calculated by measuring the Stark width of the line of Hα. The possible mechanism of the LIBS signal enhancement of this approach was briefly discussed.
手术间号码牌在手术室安全管理中的应用

目的探讨手术间号码牌在手术室患者安全管理中的使用及成效。方法设计制作手术间号码牌,并在接患者时、等候区、诱导室及手术间等环节规范使用。结果手术间号码牌使用后,巡回护士未能及时核对相应手术间患者的发生率降至0.39%,手术患者进错手术间的发生率降至0.04%,与使用前相比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。手术室护士对执行安全核查流程的满意率达100%。结论手术间号码牌的应用,有效地保障了患者的安全,减少了差错事故的发生,在手术室安全管理中起到至关重要的作用。
Improved Measurement Performance of Inorganic Elements in Coal by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with Internal Standardization

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was employed to determine the inorganic elements in coal. To improve the measurement's accuracy and precision, a new internal standardization scheme, which we named changed internal standardization, was compared with the traditional internal standardization and no internal standardization for the analysis of inorganic elements. The new internal standardization scheme used the atomic line of carbon at 247.86 nm and the molecular band of CN at 388.34 nm and C2 at 516.32 nm to normalize the lines of inorganic elements that were distributed in the same spectral channel. The performance of the utilization of the new internal standardization scheme was evaluated using a set of coal samples, including twenty calibration samples and five validation samples. The results show that the coefficients of determination R2 and the slope of calibration models coupled with changed internal standardization are better than that of the calibration models coupled with fixed internal standardization and no internal standardization. Moreover, the measurement accuracy and reproducibility of changed internal standardization for the analysis of five validation samples also yielded further improvement. The results that we obtained suggest that changed internal standardization could compensate for the matrix effects, as well as the influence of the difference in the spectral response of the light collection system.
A Preconditioned Gridless Method for Solving Euler Equations at Low Mach Numbers

A preconditioned gridless method is developed for solving the Euler equations at low Mach numbers.The preconditioned system in a conservation form is obtained by multiplying apreconditioning matrix of the type of Weiss and Smith to the time derivative of the Euler equations,which are discretized using agridless technique wherein the physical domain is distributed by clouds of points.The implementation of the preconditioned gridless method is mainly based on the frame of the traditional gridless method without preconditioning,which may fail to converge for low Mach number simulations.Therefore,the modifications corresponding to the affected terms of preconditioning are mainly addressed.The numerical results show that the preconditioned gridless method still functions for compressible transonic flow simulations and additionally,for nearly incompressible flow simulations at low Mach numbers as well.The paper ends with the nearly incompressible flow over a multi-element airfoil, which demonstrates the ability of the method presented for treating flows over complicated geometries.
Effect of Anodization Parameters on Morphology and Photocatalysis Properties of TiO_2 Nanotube Arrays

Highly ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays were fabricated via electrochemical anodization of high purity Ti foil in fluoride-containing electrolyte. The effects of applied anodization potential, anodization time on the formation of TiO_2 nanotube arrays and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) were discussed. The TiO_2 nanotube arrays calcined at 500 ℃ for 2 h show pure anatase phase. The pore diameters of TiO_2 nanotube arrays can be adjusted from 30 to 90 nm using a different anodization voltage. Anodization time mainly influenced TiO_2 tube length, and by increasing the anodization time, the nanotube length became longer gradually. When the anodization potential was 40 V, the average growth rate of TiO_2 nanotube was about 4.17 μm/h. Both anodization potential and time had important effects on the photocatalytic efficiency. The TiO_2 nanotube arrays obtained at anodization potential of 40 V for 1 h showed the best photocatalytic degradation ratio of MB.
静动脉二氧化碳分压差在循环衰竭患者血流动力学管理中的应用

循环系统的主要作用是为机体器官、组织提供氧和能量底物,以维持正常生命活动。循环衰竭患者在临床上常表现为循环休克,在这种状态下,循环系统不能为机体器官、组织提供足够灌注从而造成广泛细胞缺氧。为循环衰竭患者提供早期合理的血流动力学支持对于预防其器官功能不全及衰竭至关重要。由于循环休克的核心问题是机体氧供与氧需失平衡,所以许多氧代谢参数可帮助临床医师判断两者是否匹配。在这些参数中,混合静脉血二氧化碳分压(Pv-CO_2)与动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)的差值(ΔPCO_2)被认为在反映全身血流量与代谢需求是否匹配方面,明显优于其他参数。然而,对ΔPCO_2的正确解读需了解其完整的病理生理意义,本研究拟分析ΔPCO_2与心输出量(CO)、组织缺氧的关系,并对其在循环衰竭患者血流动力学管理中的临床应用进行综述。
国家航空航天遥感影像获取现状及发展

介绍了国家航空航天遥感影像获取的发展现状和应用情况,重点阐述了近年来国家航空航天遥感影像获取在能力建设、技术创新和成果应用方面取得的成果,并简要对影像获取发展前景进行了展望。
垂线偏差自动测量系统CCD星像去噪方法

根据天文大地测量原理,并集成GNSS和CCD技术,垂线偏差自动测量系统能够实现垂线偏差的快速高精度测量。该测量系统后端主要任务是对CCD星像进行处理,作为CCD星像处理的前提,图像噪声处理可为此后星象搜索准确率与定位精度等工作提供保障。本文通过峰值信噪比的计算,对中值滤波、均值滤波、Butterworth低通滤波及组合去噪方法在仿真CCD星像去噪中的效果进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用3×3模板的中值滤波方法对CCD星像的去噪效果优于其他方法。基于去噪前后成对实测CCD星像,分别计算测站点垂线偏差及其标准差,比较结果表明3×3模板的中值滤波方法对CCD星像去噪能有效改善垂线偏差的精度。