mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Thermal benzene activation by 3d transition metal (Sc-Cu) oxide cations

Considering the importance and complexity of benzene oxidation on mineral oxide aerosol surfaces in the atmosphere, gas-phase 3d-transition metal oxide cations were used as models of active sites on mineral oxide aerosols to mimic the corresponding reactions. The various cations have been prepared by laser ablation and reacted with benzene in a linear ion trap reactor. Of the 103 systematically investigated cations, 39 clusters can oxidize benzene at room temperature. In addition to the adsorption channel, other five types of reaction channels were observed, including dehydrogenation of C_6H_6, charge exchange, hydrogen atom transfer, oxygen atom transfer, and the formation of C_6H_5O· radical, among which the first two pathways are prevalent and the formation of C_6H_6O~+ cations has not been reported in literature. The insight into the benzene oxidation reactions derived from the gas-phase model systems is helpful to build a detailed picture of oxidative mechanisms of C_6H_6 and its derivatives over corresponding mineral oxide aerosols.
Water-in-salt electrolyte ion-matched N/O codoped porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors

Pore size and distribution in carbon-based materials are regarded to be a key factor to affect the electrochemical capacitive performances of the resultant electrodes.In this study,nitrogen and oxygen codoped porous carbons (NOPCs) are fabricated based on a simple Schiff-base reaction between m-phenylenediamine and terephthalaldehyde.The NOPCs have tunable morphologies,high surface areas,abundant heteroatom doping.More importantly,the carbons show a dominant micropores of 0.5-0.8 nm,comparable to the ionic sizes of LiTFSI (Li~+ 0.069 nm;TFSI-0.79 nm)water-in-salt electrolyte with a high potential window of 2.2 V.Consequently,the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor gives a high energy output of 30.5 Wh/kg at 1 kW/kg,and high stability after successive 10,000 cycles with ~96.8% retention.This study provides promising potential to develop high-energy supercapacitors.
Metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives for Li-air batteries

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are a class of outstanding materials in Li-air batteries because of their high surface areas, tailorable pore sizes and diverse catalytic centers. However, MOF-based batteries are facing challenges such as poor electronic conductivity and inferior long-cycle stability that limit their further development. This review first summarizes the progress of pristine MOFs and MOF-derived materials in Li-air batteries in the past 5 years, then provides a perspective for subsequent development of MOFs and their derivatives in this emerging field.
Effect of Dai-Bai-Jie on the proliferation and migration of the A549 cells

Lung cancer is the most malignant tumor disease with the highest diagnosis and mortality rate in China.The development of therapeutic drugs is the current research focus.Dai-Bai-Jie is a traditional medicine of the Dai nationality,which is commonly used in the treatment of decreasing swelling,alleviating pain and detoxification.Most of the current researches focused on the component analysis of Dai-Bai-Jie,but few researches studied on its antitumor and pharmacological effect.In this study,we incubated A549 cells with different concentrations of Dai-Bai-Jie.The cell proliferation experiment showed that the Dai- Bai-Jie solution inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and caused cell apoptosis.In this work,we confirmed that Dai-Bai-Jie had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer A549,which may be used as a novel candidate of anti-tumor therapy for lung cancer patients.
Simple fabrication of superhydrophobic PLA with honeycomb-like structures for high-efficiency oil-water separation

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable candidates for environmental pollution treatment because of its biodegradability which will not cause secondary pollution to the environment after application.However,there is still a lack of a green and facile way to prepare PLA oil-water separation materials.In this work,awater-assisted thermally induced phase separation method for the preparation of superhydrophobic PLA oil-water separation material with honeycomb-like structures is reported.The PLA material shows great ability in application and could adsorb 27.3 times oil to its own weight.In addition,it could also be applicated as a filter with excellent efficiency (50.9m~3 m~(-2) h~(-1)).
特异性抗体检测的临床意义

特异性抗体也称为免疫球蛋白,是介导体液免疫应答的重要效应分子,在抗感染免疫过程中起着非常重要的作用,也是临床上感染性疾病诊断和治疗的重要依据。了解特异性抗体的产生、生物特性以及不同病原体特异性抗体之间的差别等相关知识,对相关疾病的诊治有重要的临床指导意义。本文将简要介绍在临床工作中经常用到的、以及常见几种感染相关疾病抗体的基本知识点,希望对大家的临床工作有所帮助。
中国卟啉病诊治专家共识(2020年)

卟啉病(Porphyria)是由于血红素生物合成途径中的酶活性缺乏,引起卟啉或其前体[如δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(delta-aminolevulinic acid, δ-ALA)和卟胆原(porphobilinogen, PBG)]浓度异常升高,并在组织中蓄积,造成细胞损伤而引起的一类代谢性疾病。卟啉病是罕见病,不同类型的卟啉病发病率不一,成人中以迟发性皮肤卟啉病(PCT)、急性间歇性卟啉病(AIP)和红细胞生成性原卟啉病(EPP)最常见。症状性PCT患病率为40/百万(美国)。欧洲AIP患病率约5.4/百万,症状性AIP年发病率约0.13/百万,症状性AIP、变异型卟啉病(VP)、遗传性粪卟啉症(HCP)的发病率比例为1.00:0.62:0.15。EPP患病率为5.0/百万(英国)~13.3/百万(荷兰)。中国暂无流行病学资料。为规范我国卟啉病的诊治,中华医学会血液学分会红细胞疾病(贫血)学组专家讨论并制定本共识。
Recent advances in chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion materials for Li-S batteries

Owing to their low cost, high energy densities, and superior performance compared with that of Li-ion batteries, Li-S batteries have been recognized as very promising next-generation batteries. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries has been hindered by the insulation of sulfur, significant volume expansion, shuttling of dissolved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and more importantly, sluggish conversion of polysulfide intermediates. To overcome these problems, a state-of-the-art strategy is to use sulfur host materials that feature chemical adsorption and electrocatalytic capabilities for LiPS species. In this review, we comprehensively illustrate the latest progress on the rational design and controllable fabrication of materials with chemical adsorbing and binding capabilities for LiPSs and electrocatalytic activities that allow them to accelerate the conversion of LiPSs for Li-S batteries. Moreover, the current essential challenges encountered when designing these materials are summarized, and possible solutions are proposed. We hope that this review could provide some strategies and theoretical guidance for developing novel chemical anchoring and electrocatalytic materials for high-performance Li-S batteries.
Challenges and opportunities for using formate to store, transport, and use hydrogen

In this perspective article, the synthesis and thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of formate salts(FS, HCO_2-)are described in relationship to the concept of H_2 carriers.The physiochemical properties of solid FS, aqueous formate solutions, and aqueous bicarbonate solutions set the limitations for storage capacity, deliverable capacity, and usable H_2 capacity of these H_2 carriers, respectively.These parameters will help in the design of systems that use H_2 carriers for storage and transport of H_2 for fuel cell power applications.FS, as well as admixtures with formic acid(FA, H_2CO_2), have potential to address the goals outlined in the U.S.Department of Energy's H_2@scale initiative to store in chemical bonds a significant quantity of energy(hundreds of megawatts)obtained from large scale renewable resources.
Free-standing ternary metallic sulphides/Ni/C-nanofiber anodes for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors

As a promising energy-storage device, the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor coupling with both a large energy density battery-type anode and a high power density capacitor-type cathode is attracting great attention. For the sake of improving the energy density of hybrid lithium-ion capacitor, the free-standing anodes with good electrochemical performance are essential. Herein, we design an effective electrospinning strategy to prepare free-standing MnS/Co_4S_3/Ni_3S_2/Ni/C-nanofibers (TMSs/Ni/C-NFs) film and firstly use it as a binder-free anode for hybrid lithium-ion capacitor. We find that the carbon nanofibers can availably prevent MnS/Co_4S_3/Ni_3S_2/Ni nanoparticles from aggregation as well as significantly improve the electrochemical performance. Therefore, the binder-free TMSs/Ni/C-NFs membrane displays an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1246.9 mAh g~(-1) at 100mA g~(-1), excellent rate capability (398 mAh g~(-1) at 2000mA g~(-1)), and long-term cyclic endurance. Besides, we further assemble the hybrid lithium-ion capacitor, which exhibits a high energy density of 182.0Wh kg~(-1) at 121.1W kg~(-1) (19.0Wh kg~(-1) at 3512.5W kg~(-1)) and remarkable cycle life.
Bio-templated formation of defect-abundant VS_2 as a bifunctional material toward high-performance hydrogen evolution reactions and lithium-sulfur batteries

Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties, thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage applications. In this regard, their controllable synthesis in a large scale at low cost has readily become a focus of research. Herein we report diatomite-template generic and scalable production of VS_2 and other transition metal sulfides targeting emerging energy conversion and storage applications. The conformal growth of VS_2 over diatomite template would endow them with defect-abundant features. Throughout detailed experimental investigation in combination with theoretical simulation, we reveal that the enriched active sites/sulfur vacancies of thus-derived VS_2 architectures would pose positive impacts on the catalytic performance such in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. We further show that the favorable electrical conductivity and highly exposed sites of VS_2 hold promise for serving as sulfur host in the realm of Li-S batteries. Our work offers new insights into the templated and customized synthesis of defect-rich sulfides in a scalable fashion to benefit multifunctional energy applications.
A semiconductor-electrochemistry model for design of high-rate Li ion battery

For designing batteries with high-rate and long-life, electronic/ionic transport and reaction must be unified for metal oxide electrodes.However, it remains challenging for effectively integrating the whole substrate/ active materials/electrolyte interfaces.Herein by taking Li ion battery as example, we propose a semiconductor-electrochemistry model by which a general but novel insight has been gained into interfacial effect in batteries.Different from those traditional viewpoints, this derived model lies across from physics to electrochemistry.A reaction driving force can be expressed in terms of Fermi energy change,based on the tradeoff between electronic and ionic concentration at the reaction interfacial region.Therefore,at thermodynamic-controlled interface I of substrate/electrode, increasing contact areas can afford higher activity for active materials.Whereas at kinetically-governed interface II of electrode/electrolyte or inside active materials, it is crucial to guarantee high-reaction Li ionic concentration, with which some sufficient reaction degrees can reach.
Gas electrodes with nickel based current collectors for molten carbonate electrolyte thermo-electrochemical cells

Thermo-electrochemical cells with inexpensive molten carbonate electrolyte and(CO_2|O_2)gas electrodes allow the possible conversion of high temperature waste heat from industrial processes into electricity.The cell containing eutectic(Li,Na)_2CO_3 electrolyte with solid MgO dispersion delivers a large Seebeck coefficient of -1.7 mV/K.At present, the(CO_2|O_2)gas electrodes use metallic gold as current collectors in order to avoid the formation of interfering oxide layers during operation.For further reduction in energy generation cost, the gold current collectors should be replaced with an inexpensive and stable alternative.In this study, the suitability of the(molten carbonate fuel cell)MCFC's nickel-based cathodes to operate the molten-carbonate thermo-electrochemical cell, was investigated.Ni current collectors were examined in two different states, as NiO and as lithiated NiO(Li_xNi_(1-x)O).The NiO phase shows higher stability than the Li_xNi_(1-x)O while the Seebeck coefficient remains above -1.2 mV/K.
Improved perovskite solar cell efficiency by tuning the colloidal size and free ion concentration in precursor solution using formic acid additive

Improving the quality of the perovskite active layer is crucial to obtaining high performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this work, by introducing formic acid into the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_3)precursor solution, we managed to achieve reduced colloidal size in the solution, leading to more uniform deposition of FAPbI_3 film with lower trap state density and higher carrier mobility.The solar cells based on the FAPbI_3 absorber layer modified with formic acid show significantly better photovoltaic performance than that on the reference FAPbI_3 film without formic acid.The device performance shows a close correlation with the colloidal size.Within the range studied from 6.7 to 1.0 nm, the smaller the colloidal size is, the higher the solar cell efficiency.More specifically, the cell efficiency is improved from 17.82% for the control cell without formic acid to 19.81% when 0.764M formic acid was used.Formic acid has also been added into a CH_3NH_3PbI_3(MAPbI_3)precursor solution, which exhibits a similar effect on the resulting MAPbI_3 films and solar cells, with efficiency improved from 16.07% to 17.00%.
Exploring high-voltage fluorinated carbonate electrolytes for LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode in Li-ion batteries

Ethyl-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (ETFEC) is investigated as a solvent component in high-voltage electrolytes for LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 (LNMO). Our results show that the self-discharge behavior and the high temperature cycle performance can be significantly improved by the addition of 10% ETFEC into the normal carbonate electrolytes, e.g., the capacity retention improved from 65.3% to 77.1% after 200 cycles at 60 °C. The main reason can be ascribed to the high stability of ETFEC which prevents large oxidation of the electrolyte on the cathode surface. In addition, we also explore the feasibility of electrolytes using single fluoriated-solvents with and without additives. Our results show that the cycle performance of LNMO material can be greatly improved in 1M LiPF_6+pure ETFEC-solvent system with 2 wt% ethylene carbonate (EC) or ethylene sulfate (DTD). The capacity retention of the LNMO materials is 93% after 300 cycles, even better than that of carbonate-based electrolytes. It is shown that the additives are oxidized on the surface of LNMO particles and contribute to the formation of cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) films. This composite CEI film plays a crucial role in suppressing the serious decomposition of the electrolyte at high voltage.
Long-term open circuit microbial electrosynthesis system promotes methanogenesis

Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy.However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode.This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks)power off(open circuit).Acetogenic and H_2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection.However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H_2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH_4 as the main product,via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment.Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity.At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.
Heteroatom substitution-induced asymmetric A–D–A type non-fullerene acceptor for efficient organic solar cells

Research on asymmetric A–D–A structured non-fullerene acceptors has lagged far behind the development of symmetric counterpart. In this contribution, by simply replacing one sulfur atom in indacenodithiophene unit with a selenium atom, an asymmetric building block SePT and a corresponding asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor SePT-IN have been developed. Asymmetric SePT-IN achieved a high efficiency of 10.20% in organic solar cells when blended with PBT1-C, much higher than that of symmetric TPT-IN counterpart (8.91%). Our results demonstrated an effective heteroatom substitution strategy to develop asymmetric A–D–A structured non-fullerene acceptors.
Surface interaction between Pd and nitrogen derived from hyperbranched polyamide towards highly effective formic acid dehydrogenation

Hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition (FAD) is a promising means of hydrogen energy storage and utilization in fuel cells. Development of efficient catalysts for dehydrogenation of formic acid is a challenging topic. The surface chemical and electronic structure of the active catalysis components is important in formic acid decomposition at room-temperature. Here, the pyrdinic-nitrogen doped catalysts from hyperbranched polyamide were prepared via in situ polymerization reaction process by using activated carbon as a support. Because of the introduction of the polymer, the particles of the catalysts were stabilized, and the average particle diameter was only 1.64 nm. Under mild conditions, the catalysts activities were evaluated for FAD. The optimized Pd-N_(30)/C catalyst exhibited high performance achieving almost full conversion, with a turnover frequency of 3481 h~(-1) at 30 °C.
Preparation of high-purity straight silicon nanowires by molten salt electrolysis

Silicon nanowires of high purity and regular morphology are of prime importance to ensure high specific capacities of lithium-ion batteries and reproducible electrode assembly process. Using nickel formate as a metal catalyst precursor, straight silicon nanowires (65–150 nm in diameter) were directly prepared by electrolysis from the Ni/SiO_2 porous pellets with 0.8 wt% nickel content in molten CaCl_2 at 900 °C. Benefiting from their straight appearance and high purity, the silicon nanowires therefore offered an initial coulombic efficiency of 90.53% and specific capacity of 3377 mAh/g. In addition, the silicon nanowire/carbon composite exhibited excellent cycle performance, retaining 90.38% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles. Whilst further study on the charge storage performance is still ongoing, these preliminary results demonstrate that nickel formate is an efficient and effective metal catalyst precursor for catalytic preparation of high purity straight silicon nanowires via the molten salt electrolysis, which is suitable for large-scale production.
Tuning the optoelectronic properties of vinylene linked perylenediimide dimer by ring annulation at the inside or outside bay positions for fullerene-free organic solar cells

Among various perylenediimide (PDI)-based small molecular non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), PDI dimer can effectively avoid the excessive aggregation of single PDI and improve the photovoltaic performance. However, the twist of perylene core in PDI dimer will destroy the effective conjugation. Thus, ring annulation of PDI dimer is a feasible method to balance the film quality and electron transport, but the systematic study has attracted few attentions. Herein, we choose a simple vinylene linked PDI dimer, V-PDI2, and then conduct further studies on the structure-property-performance relationship of four kinds of derived fused-PDI dimers, namely V-TDI2, V-FDI2, V-PDIS2 and V-PDISe2 respectively. The former two are incorporated thianaphthene and benzofuran at the inside bay positions, and the latter two are fused thiophene and selenophene at the outside bay positions, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal the inside-and outside-fused structures largely affect the skeleton configuration, the former two tend to be planar structure and the latter two maintain the distorted backbone. The photovoltaic characterizations show that the inside-fused PDI dimers offer high open circuit voltage (VOC), while the outside-fused PDI dimers afford large short-circuit current density (JSC). This variation tendency results from the reasonably tunable energy levels, light absorption, molecular crystallinity and film morphology. As a result, PBDB-T:V-PDISe2 device exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.51%, and PBDB-T:VFDI2 device realizes the highest VOC of 1.00 V. This contribution indicates that annulation of PDI dimers in outside or inside bay regions is a feasible method to modulate the properties of PDI-based non-fullerene acceptors.
Metal-organic-framework-derived formation of Co–N-doped carbon materials for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Herein, we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of Co-N-C nanocomposites and their evaluation of electrochemical properties. Novel yolkshell structured Co nanoparticles@polymer materials are fabricated from the facile coating polymer strategy on the surface of ZIF-67. After calcination in nitrogen atmosphere, the Co–N–C nanocomposites in which cobalt metal nanoparticles are embedded in the highly porous and graphitic carbon matrix are successfully achieved. The cobalt nanoparticles containing cobalt metal crystallites with an oxidized shell and/or smaller (or amorphous) cobalt-oxide deposits appear on the surface of graphitic carbons. The prepared Co–N–C nanoparticles showed favorable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions, which is attributed to its high graphitic degree, large surface area and the large amount existence of Co–N active sites.
La_2Zr_2O_7 and MgO co-doped composite Li-Garnet solid electrolyte

Various solid electrolytes, such as sulfides (10~(-3)–10~(-2) S cm~(-1)) and oxides (10~(-4)–10~(-3) S cm~(-1)) are explored and developed to solve the safety problems in commercial Li-ion batteries using liquid flammable electrolytes. Metallic Li anode is required for pursuing high power density (>300Wh kg~(-1)) for solid-state batteries [1,2]. However, sulfide electrolytes react with Li and the products are ionic/electronic insulators Li_3P and Li_2 S [3–6]. Li_3N, LiPON and Li_7La_3Zr_2O_(12) (LLZO) are the three kinds of common solid electrolytes which are totally electro-chemically stable with metallic Li anode [7,8]. LLZO can be prepared at ambient atmosphere and delivers higher conductivity (10~(-4)–10~(-3) S cm~(-1)) than Li_3N and LiPON, which is promising for next generation high-safety solid-state batteries based on Li anode [9].
3D porous V_2O_5 architectures for high-rate lithium storage

The discovery of novel electrode materials promises to unleash a number of technological advances in lithium-ion batteries. V_2O_5 is recognized as a high-performance cathode that capitalizes on the rich redox chemistry of vanadium to store lithium. To unlock the full potential of V_2O_5, nanotechnology solution and rational electrode design are used to imbue V_2O_5 with high energy and power density by addressing some of their intrinsic disadvantages in macroscopic crystal form. Here, we demonstrate a facile and environmental-friendly method to prepare nanorods-constructed 3D porous V_2O_5 architectures (3D-V_2O_5) in large-scale. The 3D porous architecture is found to be responsible for the enhanced charge transfer kinetics and Li-ion diffusion rate of the 3D-V_2O_5 electrode. As the result, the 3D-V_2O_5 surpasses the conventional bulk V_2O_5 by showing enhanced discharge capacity and rate capability (delivering 154 and 127mAh g~(-1) at 15 and 20 C, respectively).