mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Analysis of an Elevated Linear Absorber with Trapezoidal Cavity in the Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Concentrator System

This paper describes various aspects of the design methodology and heat transfer calculations for an elevated linear absorber. The absorber is a part of the linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator system, in which hot fluid is generated. The design of the absorber is an inverted trapezoidal air cavity with a glass cover enclosing a multi tube absorber. In a trapezoidal cavity absorber, a set of linear multi tube absorber with plate (named as “plane surface”) and without plate (named as “tube surface”) underneath are considered. An analytical simulation is done for different gaps between the tubes and for different depths of the cavity. A better design of the absorber is found out to maximize the heat transfer rate supplied to the absorber tube fluid. Also, the experimentally obtained overall heat loss coefficients are compared with the analytical values for the considered arrangements of absorber set up and results are discussed in details.
儿童痣样基底细胞癌综合征伴高血压一例

痣样基底细胞癌综合征(nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, NBCCS),也称Gorlin综合征,是罕见的常染色体显性遗传病。目前认为是常染色体9q(22.3-q31)位点PTCH1基因的突变所致,发病率为1/57 000~ 1/256 000。NBCCS多见于成人,国内报道最小患者13岁,国外多为20岁以上。浙江大学医学院附属二院收治9岁NBCCS患者1例,报道如下。
T-bet对CD8~+记忆及效应T细胞抗肿瘤作用的机制

肿瘤免疫治疗已成为继手术、放疗及化疗之后治疗肿瘤的重要手段,也是目前最受关注和最具潜力的治疗方法,其中细胞免疫治疗发挥着重要的作用。在细胞免疫机制中起主要效应的为CD8~ +细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)及CD4~+Ⅰ型辅助性T细胞(Thl)介导的Ⅰ型免疫应答反应。
外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后并发症的相关影响因素

外伤性颅骨缺损是神经外科较为常见的颅脑损伤,颅骨缺损可导致多种临床症状,严重影响患者的生活质量。对颅骨缺损实行颅脑修补术是最有效的治疗方法,不仅美观,而且恢复了颅腔的生理完整性。然而临床上有部分患者实行颅脑修补术后会出现不同程度的相关并发症,严重影响患者的预后及生活质量。为了及早估计和干预类似相关并发症的发生,笔者对外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后并发症的相关影响因素进行分析,为临床治疗提供一定理论依据。
正确认识关节置换治疗股骨转子间骨折

股骨转子间骨折是老年人群中常见的骨折,90%发生于65岁以上老年人。这类患者数量巨大,约占髋部骨折的一半。成功的治疗不仅可以为患者个人解决痛苦,恢复关节功能,更能为国家减少负担,具有巨大的社会和经济效益。尽管我们对股骨转子间骨折的生物力学认识不断加深,内固定物也不断被完善更新,但是一个有关治疗的命题至今仍在争论不休,那就是“治疗股骨转子间骨折用切开复位内固定还是关节置换?”。
Applying a new method for direct collection, volume quantification and determination of N_2 emission from water

The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al. (2013) developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N_2 and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N_2 was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination (R~2) was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N_2 concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area (%) in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day. The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest (99.5%–108.5%) compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods (119%–217%). Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components (O_2, CH_4, and N_2O) was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N_2 released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.
Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period

The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the source water. KMnO_4 pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O_3 + activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV_(254) in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organic matter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2% of color, 96.0% of UV_(254) and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.
临床病例讨论第440例——活动后憋喘,嗜酸性粒细胞增高,皮疹

【点评】纵观患者的诊治全过程,主要有两点值得关注:(1)患者皮肤病变、顽固性Eos增多、肺动脉及主动脉病变均非SS常见表现,难以用SS解释,即使之前临床诊断SS,但应时刻关注病情变化,搜寻可能潜在的其他疾病。(2)自身免疫病治疗过程中效果欠佳需重新思考诊断的正确性,并警惕向恶性疾病转变的可能性。患者在激素、免疫抑制剂治疗过程中症状有一定改善,但皮肤、网状内皮系统增生、血管、心脏等脏器损害仍进行性加重,且Eos顽固升高、自身抗体从有到无,均提示病情可能发生了变化,经病理证实,终于明确诊断为皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。因此,对不能完全解释的临床现象或治疗效果不佳的难治病例应及时思考诊断与治疗的合理性,抓住时机,获取病理,为患者争取正确诊断、早期治疗的机会。
追忆曾宪九教授的创新精神和最高质量工作要求

2014年是曾宪九教授诞辰100周年,笔者有幸在曾教授领导的外科住院医师培养计划下,开始了职业生涯。曾教授强调从临床工作中发现问题并开展科学研究,以研究成果推进临床医学发展的思路一直深深影响着我。虽然已近耄耋之年,但回忆起与曾宪九教授一起工作的点点滴滴,依然心怀敬畏。
外伤性视神经断离行眼球摘除后用于角膜移植一例

本例眼外伤患者,眼球和角膜保存完好,我们对角膜材料进行充分利用。这为今后临床中遇到严重眼外伤患者,如果眼球或角膜组织结构完好,获取角膜捐献,提供了新的思路。
伴强直及肌阵挛的进行性脑脊髓炎

僵人综合征(stiff person syndrome,SPS)是一种罕见疾病,典型表现为轴向、下肢肌肉组织强直,肌肉痉挛疼痛。Moersch和Woltman于1956年首次以“僵人综合征”为名报道。抗谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(抗GADAb)的发现预示着SPS 为一种自身免疫性疾病。1976年Whiteley等报道了2例与僵人综合征(SPS)和亚急性肌阵挛脊髓神经元炎有关的伴强直的脑脊髓炎,曾归入僵人叠加综合征,后证实为伴强直及肌阵挛的进行性脑脊髓炎(progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, PERM) 。 PERM 是一种以强直、肌肉疼痛痉挛、深浅感觉障碍及脑干脊髓症状、自主功能、呼吸困难、突发自发、刺激诱发肌阵挛为特点的严重危害生命的自身免疫性疾病。不过,SPS和PERM紧密相关,多年SPS或许会发展为伴隐匿发展的新症状和体征如脉络膜视网膜病变、无力、巴氏征阳性或感觉障碍的PERM。本文总结了 PERM的发展现状及研究进展,旨在加强对PERM的认识,为更好地诊断及治疗提供参考。
育龄夫妇孕前风险分类评估标准

自孕前口服叶酸可以预防神经管畸形、心血管畸形等疾病以来,逐渐形成孕前检查和孕前保健的概念。2006年,美国疾病防治中心(CDC)提出孕前保健的概念为:在妊娠前,釆用改变待孕夫妇的生物医学、行为习惯、社会环境等预防和干预的方法,以期改变妊娠结局。由此,进一步提出了利用“知识、态度和行为(knowledge, attitudes and behaviors,KAB)模式”,改善育龄夫妇孕前保健状况。具体的做法是针对所有孕前夫妇进行相关风险因素筛查,开展健康促进以及可能的干预。但是,至今尚无系统的、可操作的、针对所有育龄夫妇的干预策略和方法。
Fine-tuning of Polymer Photovoltaic Properties by the Length of Alkyl Side Chains

This paper reports the synthesis and characteristics of a series of alkyl-substituted planar polymers. The physical properties are carefully tuned to optimize their photovoltaic performance. Depending on the length of soluble alkyl side chains which modify the structural order and orientation substantially in polymer backbones, the device performance can be improved significantly. The tuning of HOMO energy levels optimized polymers’ spectral coverage of absorption and their hole mobility, as well as miscibility with fullerene; all these efforts enhanced polymer solar cell performances. The short-circuit current, J_(sc) for polymer solar cells was increased by adjusting polymer chain packing ability. It was found that films with well distributed polymer/fullerene interpenetrating network exhibit improved solar cell conversion efficiency. Enhanced efficiency up to 5.8% has been demonstrated. The results provide important insights about the roles of flexile chains in structure-property relationship for the design of new polymers to be used in high efficient solar cells.
Multi-scale Studies of Glass Transition and Uniaxial Tensile Properties of a Commercially Available Epoxy Adhesive Using Experimental Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

In this study, the glass transition and uniaxial tensile properties of a commercially available epoxy adhesive were investigated using experimental measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the change of glass transition temperature (T_g) with cross-link density (CLD). Uniaxial tensile test was performed to measure the Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (ν) and yielding strength (σ_Y). In MD simulation, the complicated epoxy system was simplified as the mixture of two kinds of simple molecules, with the key information well preserved and the less important details omitted. The molecular model of the cross-linked epoxy network was constructed and its mechanical properties were calculated using MD simulation. Overall, the MD simulation results agreed with experimental ones, which proved the validity of the molecular model and justified the simplification method of the industry-level epoxy system.
Interaction of temperature and salinity on the expression of immunity factors in different tissues of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus based on response surface methodology

Central Composite Design (CCD) and response surface methodology were used in the experiment to examine the combined effect of temperature (16–28°C) and salinity (18–42) on Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) liver and kidney. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R~2=0.965 2 for liver Hsp70, 0.972 9 for kidney Hsp70, 0.921 for liver IgM and 0.962 1 for kidney IgM) and probability values (P>0.01) were significant for the regression model. The interactive effect between temperature and salinity on liver Hsp70, kidney Hsp70 and liver IgM were not significant (P>0.05), while the interactive effect between temperature and salinity on kidney IgM was significant (P<0.01). The model equation could be used in practice for forecasting Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in the liver and kidney of juvenile turbot via applying statistical optimization of the response of interest, at which the maximum liver Hsp70, kidney Hsp70, liver IgM and kidney IgM of 1.48, 1.49, 2.48, and 1.38, respectively, were reached. The present model may be valuable in assessing the feasibility of turbot farming at different geographic locations and, furthermore, could be a useful reference for scientists studying the immunity of turbot.
经股动脉全脾栓塞术序贯腹腔镜脾切除术成功治疗儿童重症原发免疫性血小板减少症一例并文献复习

本例患儿为重症ITP,全身多部位出血致重度贫血,大剂量甲泼尼龙及IVIG治疗无明显疗效。我们首先采用创伤相对较轻的脾栓塞术,待患儿PLT升高至安全水平、出血停止、一般情况改善后再行LS治疗。虽然LS后第10天PLT再次降至3xl09/L,但继续药物治疗后患儿病情获得长期、持续缓解。本例患者的成功治疗是多学科密切合作的结果,对重症ITP患者治疗方案的制订具有重要参考价值。
Spatio-temporal association analysis of county potential in the Pearl River Delta during 1990–2009

According to the highway data and some socioeconomic data of 1990, 1994, 2000, 2005 and 2009 of county units in the Pearl River Delta, this paper measured urban integrated power of different counties in different years by factor analysis, and estimated each county’s potential in each year by means of expanded potential model. Based on that, the spatio-temporal association patterns and evolution of county potential were analyzed using spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods, and the validity of spatio-temporal association patterns was verified by comparing with spatial association patterns and cross-correlation function. The main results are shown as follows: (1) The global spatio-temporal association of county potential showed a positive effect during the study period. But this positive effect was not strong, and it had been slowly strengthened during 1994–2005 and decayed during 2005–2009. The local spatio-temporal association characteristics of most counties’ potential kept relatively stable and focused on a positive autocorrelation, however, there were obvious transformations in some counties among four types of local spatio-temporal association (i.e., HH, LL, HL and LH). (2) The distribution difference and its change of local spatio-temporal association types of county potential were obvious. Spatio-temporal HH type units were located in the central zone and Shenzhen-Dongguan region of the eastern zone, but the central spatio-temporal HH area shrunk to the Guangzhou-Foshan core metropolitan region only after 2000; the spatio-temporal LL area in the western zone kept relatively stable with a surface-shaped continuous distribution pattern, new LL type units emerged in the south-central zone since 2005, the eastern LL area expanded during 1994–2000, but then gradually shrunk and scattered at the eastern edge in 2009; the spatio-temporal HL and LH areas varied significantly. (3) The local spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential among the three zones presented significant disparity, and obvious difference between the eastern and central zones tended to decrease, whereas that between the western zone and the central and eastern zones further expanded. (4) Spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods can efficiently mine the spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential, and can better reveal the complicated spatio-temporal interaction between counties than ESDA methods.
Spatial energy efficiency patterns and the coupling relationship with industrial structure: A study on Liaoning Province, China

Using a sample of 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province, this study first explored the spatial hierarchy and structural characteristics of energy efficiency from the following three viewpoints: energy technical efficiency based on data envelopment analysis, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency combining the previous two indexes. After measuring and analyzing the advancement, rationality, and concentration of the industrial structure in each city, we made some generalizations about the coupling features of the energy efficiency and industrial structure in Liaoning, using the coupling degree rating model. Some of our conclusions are as follows: (1) The 14 cities differ significantly in their energy efficiency, with Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, and Jinzhou enjoying the highest energy efficiency. Northwestern Liaoning and other heavy-industrial cities such as Fushun and Benxi belong to low-efficiency and high-consumption areas. (2) In areas with higher efficiency, the spatial patterns of the energy technical efficiency, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency are, respectively, “ p ”-, “Ⅱ”- and “H”- shaped. Geographically, the energy utilization efficiency shows different trends from east to west and from north to south. Factors such as the binuclear structure of economic development have a major effect on this spatial pattern of energy efficiency. (3) Southeastern Liaoning enjoys a highly advanced industrial structure. Areas with a highly rational industrial structure form an “H” shape, with Shenyang and Dalian at the two poles. The urban agglomerations in middle and southern Liaoning have a highly concentrated industrial structure. (4) Overall, the coupling between energy efficiency and industrial structure is low in Liaoning, except for Shenyang and Dalian at both ends, where the coupling between an advanced industrial structure and energy efficiency is higher than in other cities.
Two universal runoff yield models: SCS vs. LCM

Runoff calculation is one of the key components in the hydrological modeling. For a certain spatial scale, runoff is a very complex nonlinear process. Currently, the runoff yield model in different hydrological models is not unique. The Chinese LCM model and the American SCS model describe runoff at the macroscopic scale, taking into account the relationship between total actual retention and total rainfall and having a certain similarity. In this study, by comparing the two runoff yield models using theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we have found that: (1) the SCS model is a simple linear representation of the LCM model, and the LCM model reflects more significantly the nonlinearity of catchment runoff. (2) There are strict mathematical relationships between parameters (R, r) of the LCM model and between parameters (S) of the SCS model, respectively. Parameters (R, r) of the LCM can be determined using the research results of the SCS model parameters. (3) LCM model parameters (R, r) can be easily obtained by field experiments, while SCS parameters (S) are difficult to measure. Therefore, parameters (R, r) of the LCM model also can provide the foundation for the SCS model. (4) The SCS model has a linear relationship between the reciprocal of total actual retention and the reciprocal of total rainfall during runoff period. The one-order terms of a Taylor series expansion of the LCM model describe the same relationship, which is worth further study.
A novel method for approximating intercity networks: An empirical comparison for validating the city networks in two Chinese city-regions

A network perspective has increasingly become an organizational paradigm for understanding regional spatial structures. Based on a critical overview of existing empirical models for estimating intercity networks based on firm linkages, this study extends the recently proposed regional corporate city model algorithm by proposing a new method for approximating urban networks based on the locational strategies of firms. The new method considers both regional and hierarchical network features and avoids the information loss associated with the conversion from two-mode firm–city networks to one-mode city–city networks. In addition, networks estimated by using the method proposed herein are suitable when employing social network analysis. Finally, this method is empirically validated by examining intercity firm networks formed by advanced producer services firms in China’s two largest metropolitan areas, namely the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The presented empirical analysis suggests two main findings. First, in contrast to conventional methods (e.g., the interlocking city network model), our new method produces regional and hierarchical urban networks that more closely resemble reality. Second, the new method allows us to use social network analysis to assess betweenness and closeness centralities. However, regardless of the model applied, the validity of any method that measures urban networks depends on the soundness of its underlying assumptions about how network actors (firms, in our case) interact.
Spatial patterns, driving forces, and urbanization effects of China’s internal migration: County-level analysis based on the 2000 and 2010 censuses

China has witnessed unprecedented urbanization over the past decades. The rapid expansion of urban population has been dominantly contributed by the floating population from rural areas, of which the spatiotemporal patterns, driving forces, and multidimensional effects are scrutinized and evaluated in this study by using the latest national censuses conducted in 2000 and 2010. Analysis based on the county-level data comes to conclusions as follows. The spatial pattern of floating population has remained stable over the first decade of the new century. The top 1% cities with the largest floating population received 45.5% of all migrants in China. As the rapid development of mega-city regions, the coastal concentration areas of floating population tended to geographically united as a whole, whereas the spatial distribution of migrants within each region varied significantly. The migrant concentration area in the Yangtze River Delta was the largest and its expansion was also the most salient. However, the floating population has growingly moved into provincial capitals and other big cities in the inland regions and its gravity center has moved northward for around 110 km during the study period. The spatial pattern of floating population has been formed jointly by the state and market forces in transitional China and the impacts of state forces have been surpassed by those of market forces in the country as a whole. The attractiveness of coastal cities and counties to the floating population comes mainly from the nonagricultural employment opportunities and public services, reflecting that long-distance and long-term migrants have moved coastward not only to gain employment but also to enjoy city life. By contrast, in the central and western regions, places with a higher economic development level and at a higher administrative level are more attractive to floating populations, demonstrating that the state remains to play an important role in allocating economic resources and promoting re-gional development in inland China. As the main body of new urban residents, the floating population has contributed substantially to the elevation of the urbanization levels of mi-grant-sending and -receiving places, by 20.0% and 49.5% respectively. Compared with extensively investigated interprovincial migrants, intra-provincial migrants have higher intention and ability to permanently live in cities and thus might become the main force of China’s urbanization in the coming decades. The internal migration has also reshaped China’s urban system in terms of its hierarchical organization and spatial structure.
Construction of an ecological resistance surface model and its application in urban expansion simulations

Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbanization process and have been given much attention. However, urban expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great uncertainties. Therefore, the accurate simulation of the urban expansion process remains challenging. In this paper, we make an attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape overcomes resistance from other landscapes. We developed an innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model that involved the introduction of a relative resistance factor for different source levels and the consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by ecological barriers. Using this approach, the urban expansion ecological resistance (UEER) model was created to describe ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou. The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance surface generated by the UEER model comprehensively reflects ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial trends in urban expansion. The simulation results from the UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional MCR-based model. These findings can enhance urban expansion simulation methods.
Start of vegetation growing season on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from multiple methods based on GIMMS and SPOT NDVI data

In this study, we have used four methods to investigate the start of the growing season (SGS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1982 to 2012, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data obtained from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMSS, 1982-2006) and SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT, 1999-2012). SGS values estimated using the four methods show similar spatial patterns along latitudinal or altitudinal gradients, but with significant variations in the SGS dates. The largest discrepancies are mainly found in the regions with the highest or the lowest vegetation coverage. Between 1982 and 1998, the SGS values derived from the four methods all display an advancing trend, however, according to the more recent SPOT VGT data (1999–2012), there is no continuously advancing trend of SGS on the TP. Analysis of the correlation between the SGS values derived from GIMMS and SPOT between 1999 and 2006 demonstrates consistency in the tendency with regard both to the data sources and to the four analysis methods used. Compared with other methods, the greatest consistency between the in situ data and the SGS values retrieved is obtained with Method 3 (Threshold of NDVI ratio). To avoid error, in a vast region with diverse vegetation types and physical environments, it is critical to know the seasonal change characteristics of the different vegetation types, particularly in areas with sparse grassland or evergreen forest.