mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Alfven Waves in the Solar Wind

Alfven waves are found to be ubiquitous in the solar wind. Recent progress in observational studies of the waves is reviewed to formulate a microscopic picture for the Alfvenic fluctuations. The main aspects of the observational properties of these waves, including the wave intervals, propagation, evolution, origin and generation, are presented. Then Alfven wave heating and acceleration of the solar wind plasma are briefly introduced. The relation of the waves to rotational and tangential discontinuities, magnetic decreases, and other relatively large-scale structures such as flux tubes/ropes, magnetic clouds and interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the solar wind is particularly investigated. Finally, some remaining open questions are also indicated due to their fundamental importance of understanding of the physical nature of Alfven waves and the role of the waves in heating and accelerating the solar wind.
Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescence of a New Cd(II) Coordination Polymer Based On 4-(Carboxymethoxy)benzoic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative

A new 1D coordination polymer, [Cd_2(L1)_2(L_2)_2]·H_2O (1, H2L1 = 4-(carboxy- methoxy)benzoic acid and L2 = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group Pi with a = 9.985(5), b = 10.768(5), c = 12.512(5) A, α = 68.959(5), β = 80.354(5), γ = 79.663(5)°, V = 1227.4(10) A~3, Z = 1, C_(56)H_(36)Cd_2F_2N_8O_(11), M_r = 1259.73, D_c = 1.704 g/cm~3, F(000) = 630, μ(MoKa) = 0.949 mm~(-1), R = 0.0261 and wR = 0.0655. The L1 anions link the neighboring Cd(II) atoms to form a 1D double chain structure. The L2 ligands are alternately located on both sides of the double chains. More interestingly, the lateral L2 ligands from adjacent double chains are paired to furnish strong π-π interactions, yielding a 2D supramolecular layer. N-H···O, O-H···N and O-H···O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure of 1. The luminescent property of 1 was studied in solid state at room temperature.
Crisis of Water Resources on the Ulan Buh Desert Oases, Inner Mongolia, China-A Case Study of Dengkou County

Hetao Plain, composed of hundreds of oases, is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Most crops, especially wheat and corn, depend on irrigation, thus water availability is a key issue for grain productivity on this land. The Yellow River is the main water source for irrigation and a crisis of water resources for agricultural use occurs because of increasingly reduced river flows and water-using competition with industry and human residential use. In order to understand the current situation and distribution of water resources on these oases, we collected 20-yr's data of river runoff, irrigation volumes, infiltration and precipitation to examine the relationships between water resources distribution and its agricultural use. We found that the oasis in Dengkou county was short of water resources with a water deficit rate of 5.14% in 2010. Based on the trend of the data, water deficit will continue to increase as the population grows in the future. Water resource is a limiting factor to agricultural development in this region and proper management of water use and strategies for water resource conservation are urgently needed. Especially, based on our results we suggest that current irrigation methods need to be greatly improved to save the water that was lost from evaporation.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes During Ethylene Climacteric of Melon Fruit by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene climacteric in melon fruit, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to generate forward and reverse libraries, for which we sequenced 439 and 445 clones, respectively. Our BLAST analysis showed that the genes from the 2 libraries were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell structure, transcription, translation, and defense. Six genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR during the differential developmental stage of melon fruit. Our results provide new insight into the understanding of climacteric ripening of melon fruit.
Low Root Zone Temperature Limits Nutrient Effects on Cucumber Seedling Growth and Induces Adversity Physiological Response

Effects of root-zone temperatures (RZT) (12°C-RZT and 20°C-RZT) and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investigated in hydroponics. Strong interactions were observed between RZT and nutrient on the dry weight (P=0.001), root length (P=0.001) and leaf area (P=0.05). Plant dry weights were suppressed at low RZT of 12°C, while higher biomass and growth of cucumber seedlings were produced at elevated RZT of 20°C under each nutrient treatment. Growth indexes (plant height, internode length, root length, and leaf area) at 12°C-RZT had less difference among nutrient treatments, but greater response was obtained for different nutrients at high RZT. RZT had larger effects (P=0.001) on cucumber seedling growth than nutrients. In addition, N was more effective nutrients to plant growth than P and K under low root temperature to plant growth. Higher hydrogen peroxide (H202), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS) contents in leaves were observed at 12°C-RZT in all nutrient treatments than those at 20°C-RZT, indicating the chilling adversity damaged to plant growth. In general, antioxidant enzyme had larger response under low root-zone temperature. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher in both leaves and roots while peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) showed large different action in leaves and roots at both the two root-zone temperature.
Melting of carbonate wall rocks and formation of the heterogeneous aureole of the Panzhihua intrusion, China

The Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion, part of the plumbing system of the Emeishan large igneous province, intruded late-Proterozoic dolomites and marls about ～263 Ma ago. The dolomites in the contact aureole were converted to brucite marbles and a diverse suite of forsterite, diopside and garnet skarns. The variation in mineralogy is explained in part by differences in the composition of the protolith, particularly the proportion of silica minerals and clay, and in part by transfer of elements from intruding magmas. The trace element compositions of most marbles and skarns are very similar to those of unmetamorphosed dolomites and marls, but some contain high Si, Ti, and Fe contents that are interpreted to have come from a magmatic source. Three brucite marbles sampled ～10 m from the contact of the intrusion and named “enriched brucite marble” have trace element compositions very different from their dolomitic protolith: their rare earth elements are strongly enriched whereas levels of Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf and Ti are very low. These characteristics resemble those of carbonate liquid in equilibrium with silicate liquid or more probably with silicate minerals in the case of Panzhihua, a similarity we take to indicate that the sample underwent partial melting. Samples taken up to 300 m from the contact contain brucite indicating that high temperatures persisted well into the country rocks. However, other samples collected only tens of metres from the contact are only slightly recrystallized indicating that conditions in the aureole were highly variable. We suggest that temperatures within the aureole were controlled by conduction of heat from the main intrusion and by supply of additional heat from abundant small dykes within the aureole. Circulation of fluids derived from deeper levels in the aureole flushed the carbon dioxide from the dolomite, lowering temperature needed to partially melt carbonate to the temperatures attained near the intrusion. Irregular but extensive heating destabilized the carbonates of the aureole and decarbonation reactions associated with carbonate breakdown and melting emitted a large volume of CO2, with potential impact on global climate.
Global glaciations and atmospheric change at ca. 2.3 Ga

This paper compiles lithostratigraphic and geochronological data obtained for the Palaeoproterozoic glacial diamictite-bearing successions, and thereby provides insights into understanding the geological processes causing the Huronian Glaciation Event. The majority of evidence for appearances of this glaciation event can be related to the Kenorland supercontinent breakup, allied to significant atmospheric change, as well as blooms of biogeochemical oxygenic photosynthesis. In this paper, the Huronian Glaciation Event is constrained to have occurred synchronously during 2.29-2.25 Ga, accompanied by dramatic environmental changes characteristic of the Great Oxidation Event which includes the pre-2.3 Ga hydrosphere oxidation and the post-2.3 Ga atmosphere oxygenation.
棕色脂肪基础研究进展

哺乳动物体内的脂肪组织按功能主要分为白色脂肪组织(WAT)和棕色脂肪组织(BAT)。WAT主要以甘油三酯的形式储存机体摄取的能量,当能量摄入超出脂肪细胞的存储能力时,机体就会产生肥胖。与WAT不同,BAT主要通过氧化脂肪酸消耗能量。BAT一方面通过非颤抖性产热维持动物体温,另一方面可以消耗机体过剩的能量,维持能量平衡。基于BAT在消耗能量方面的作用,激活 BAT活性可以增加肥胖患者的能量消耗,达到减肥和改善代谢的作用。因此,关于BAT的研究已经成为目前肥胖研究的热点。笔者将对近年来在BAT这一研究领域的重大进展和突破进行概述。
Overview of the morphology, anatomy, and ontogeny of Adiantum capillus-veneris: An experimental system to study the development of ferns

Adiantum capillus-veneris L., commonly regarded as a good experimental plant for the study of fern development, is investigated, and its life cycle under laboratory conditions is described. In our study, the life cycle of A. capillus-veneris was completed in 100?days. Features of spore germination, antheridium and archegonium ontogeny and development, and embryogenesis are investigated. Exosporic gametophytes of A. capillus-veneris came from spores, and ended with the cordate prothallia. Antheridia and archegonia were generally situated toward the posterior end and the notch of the prothallia, respectively. Sporophyte was also studied with emphasis on leaf morphology and the vascular system. There were vascular bundles of dictyostele without secondary vascular tissues. Sporogenesis was scrutinized from sporangial initial of a single surface cell to the annulus shedding spores explosively. Our findings provide insight into the life cycle of the leptosporangiate ferns under experimental conditions, and make it possible for A. capillus-veneris to be an underlying model plant for the study of evolutionary and developmental biology.
Dependence of the ~(85)Rb coherent population trapping resonance characteristic on the pressure of N_2 buffer gas

In order to exploit its potential applications, we experimentally study the dependence of ~(85)Rb-based coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on N_2 buffer gas with 6 vapor cells filled with natural rubidium and N_2. The experiments are carried out at different pressures and temperatures, and the results reveal that higher cell temperature makes the resonance more sensitive to N_2 pressure. Thus, it is important to choose a proper buffer gas pressure at a given cell temperature. This work provides valuable data for the application of ~(85)Rb CPT resonance with a buffer gas of N_2.
Performance improvement of charge trap flash memory by using a composition-modulated high-k trapping layer

A composition-modulated (HfO_2)_x(Al_2O_3)_(1-x) charge trapping layer is proposed for charge trap flash memory by controlling the Al atom content to form a peak and valley shaped band gap. It is found that the memory device using the composition-modulated (HfO_2)_x(Al_2O_3)_(1-x) as the charge trapping layer exhibits a larger memory window of 11.5 V, improves data retention even at high temperature, and enhances the program/erase speed. Improvements of the memory characteristics are attributed to the special band-gap structure resulting from the composition-modulated trapping layer. Therefore, the composition-modulated charge trapping layer may be useful in future nonvolatile flash memory device application.
Metallic nanowires for subwavelength waveguiding and nanophotonic devices

Plasmonics is a rapidly developing field concerning light manipulation at the nanoscale with many potential applications, of which plasmonic circuits are promising for future information technology. Plasmonic waveguides are fundamental elements for constructing plasmonic integrated circuits. Among the proposed different plasmonic waveguides, metallic nanowires have drawn much attention due to the highly confined electromagnetic waves and relatively low propagation loss. Here we review the recent research progress in the waveguiding characteristics of metallic nanowires and nanowire-based nanophotonic devices. Plasmon modes of both cylindrical and pentagonal metallic nanowires with and without substrate are discussed. Typical methods for exciting and detecting the plasmons in metallic nanowires are briefly summarized. Because of the multimode characteristic, the plasmon propagation and emission in the nanowire have many unique properties, benefiting the design of plasmonic devices. A few nanowire-based devices are highlighted, including quarter-wave plate, Fabry-Perot resonator, router and logic gates.
Mechanical behavior of Cu-Zr bulk metallic glasses (BMGs):A molecular dynamics approach

In the present work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviors of CuZr Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The substrate indenter system is modeled using hybrid interatomic potentials including both many-body Finnis Sinclair (FS) and two-body Morse potentials. A spherical rigid indenter (diameter=60 A(1 A=10~(-10) m)) is employed to simulate the indentation process. Three samples of BMGs including Cu_(25)Zr_(75), Cu_(50)Zr_(50), and Cu_(75)Zr_(25) are designed and the metallic glasses are formed by rapid cooling from the melt state at about 2000 K. The radial distribution functions are analyzed to reveal the dynamical evolution of the structure of the atoms with different compositions and different cooling rates. The mechanical behavior can be well understood in terms of load-depth curves and Hardness-depth curves during the nanoindentation process. Our results indicate a positive linear relationship between the hardness and the Cu concentration of the BMG sample. To reveal the importance of cooling rate provided during the processing of BMGs, we investigate the indentation behaviors of Cu_(50)Zr_(50) at three different quenching rates. Nanoindentation results and radial distribution function (RDF) curves at room temperature indicate that a sample can be made harder and more stable by slowing down the quenching rate.
A double constrained robust capon beamforming based imaging method for early breast cancer detection

Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave images are proposed for detecting small malignant breast tumors based on the large contrast of electric parameters between a malignant tumor and normal breast tissue. In this study, an antenna array composed of 9 antennas is applied to the detection. The double constrained robust capon beamforming (DCRCB) algorithm is used for reconstructing the breast image due to its better stability and high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The successful detection of a tumor of 2 mm in diameter shown in the reconstruction demonstrates the robustness of the DCRCB beamforming algorithm. This study verifies the feasibility of detecting small breast tumors by using the DCRCB imaging algorithm.
Secure Network Coding Against Intra/Inter-Generation Pollution Attacks

By allowing routers to combine the received packets before forwarding them,network coding-based applications are susceptible to possible malicious pollution attacks.Existing solutions for counteracting this issue either incur inter-generation pollution attacks(among multiple generations)or suffer high computation/bandwidth overhead.Using a dynamic public key technique,we propose a novel homomorphic signature scheme for network coding for each generation authentication without updating the initial secret key used.As per this idea,the secret key is scrambled for each generation by using the generation identifier,and each packet can be fast signed using the scrambled secret key for the generation to which the packet belongs.The scheme not only can resist intra-generation pollution attacks effectively but also can efficiently prevent inter-generation pollution attacks.Further,the communication overhead of the scheme is small and independent of the size of the transmitting files.
Identifying scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution in mountain-hill region

The scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution was investigated through continuous wavelet transforms approaches in subtropical mountain-hill region, Fujian, China. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of vegetation greenness using Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite images along latitudinal and longitudinal transects. Four scales of variations were identified from the local wavelet spectrum of NDVI, with much stronger wavelet variances observed at larger scales. The characteristic scale of vegetation distribution within mountainous and hilly regions in Southeast China was around 20 km. Significantly strong wavelet coherency was generally examined in regions with very diverse topography, typically characterized as small mountains and hills fractured by rivers and residents. The continuous wavelet based approaches provided valuable insight on the hierarchical structure and its corresponding characteristic scales of ecosystems, which might be applied in defining proper levels in multilevel models and optimal bandwidths in Geographically Weighted Regression.
Degradation of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A comparison of the effectiveness of three indicators

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau encompasses a large quantity of wetlands, some of which have been degraded to varying severity levels. In the literature, a number of degradation indicators have been proposed to evaluate ecological health of wetlands, but their effectiveness in the plateau environment remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of three degradation indicators, soil moisture content at 10 cm deep, vegetative cover, and density of pika burrows. The degradation severity of wetlands in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is enumerated at four levels, intact, slight, moderate and severe. Analysis of 106 samples collected in the field demonstrates that the density of pika burrows is the least reliable indicator. By comparison, vegetative cover and underlying soil moisture content are more reliable, even though neither is a perfect indicator as the difference among adjacent levels of severity as revealed by t-test is not always statistically significant. The imperfection of vegetative cover as an indicator is due to its variation among different types of wetlands. The limitation of moisture content is attributed to its non-linear relationship with wetland degradation. Above the threshold of about 50% in moisture content wetlands are unlikely to be degraded. It is recommended that moisture be measured at the point near the surface and vegetative cover be further differentiated by species in order to improve their effectiveness.
An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Heavy summer rainfall induces significant soil erosion and shallow landslide activity on the loess hillslopes of the Xining Basin at the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study examines the mechanical effects of five native shrubs that can be used to reduce shallow landslide activity. We measured single root tensile resistance and shear resistance, root anatomical structure and direct shear and triaxial shear for soil without roots and five rootsoil composite systems. Results show that Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. possessed the strongest roots, followed by Caragana korshinskii Kom., Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. and Lycium chinense Mill. Single root strength and shear resistance relationships with root diameter are characterized by power or exponential relations, consistent with the Mohr-Coulomb law. Root mechanical strength reflects their anatomical structure, especially the percentage of phloem and xylem cells, and the degree and speed of periderm lignifications. The cohesion force of root-soil composite systems is notably higher than that of soil without roots, with increasing amplitudes of cohesion force for A. canescens, C. korshinskii, Z. xanthoxylon, N. tangutorum and L. chinense of 75.9%, 75.1%, 36.2%, 24.6% and 17.0 % respectively. When subjected to shear forces, the soil without root samples show much greater lateral deformation than the root-soil composite systems, reflecting the restraining effects of roots. Findings from this paper indicate that efforts to reduce shallow landslides in this region by enhancing root reinforcement will be achieved most effectively using A. canescens and C. korshinskii.
特发性正常压力脑积水的诊断研究进展

特发性正常压力脑积水(idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus,iNPH)是1965年最先提出的一种以步态异常、痴呆和尿失禁(又称Hakim三联征)为特征的交通性脑积水综合征。挪威流行病学调查估计iNPH在人群中的发病率为5.5/10万人口,患病率为21.9/10万人口。日本的研究表明iNPH主要发生于老年人,65岁以上患病率为1.4%~2.9%,被认为是痴呆的第一位可治性病因,脑脊液分流术可使半数以上患者症状改善。因iNPH的临床和影像学表现与其它疾病相似,早期诊断比较困难,但早期干预可获得好的疗效。随着研究深入,一些新的诊断依据不断发现,本文就有关研究进展做一综述。
序贯模式治疗胫腓骨骨折合并内固定物外露难愈性创面12例

胚腓骨骨折合并内固定物外露属于复杂难愈性创面,部分创面常经历数次修复,造成局部组织血供不良、炎症反应重、弹性差,修复后皮瓣易回缩,再次造成内固定物外露,单一治疗方法对该类创面常难以取得较好效果。2008年1月一2012年8月,笔者单位收治小腿软组织缺损、胫腓骨骨折合并内固定物外露时间超过2个月的难愈性创面患者12例,均按照“外科扩创+超声清创-负压治疗+适时组织修复+术后局部滴注抗生素+负压引流”的模式序贯修复,效果良好,现介绍如下。
角膜移植免疫排斥反应的基因调控

近年来,角膜移植免疫排斥反应的基因治疗成为新的热点,要实现成功的基因治疗,需要明确相关免疫排斥反应的基因调控机制。文中从细胞因子、信号通路及其相关信使因子、细胞凋亡相关基因等方面,对整个角膜移植免疫排斥的基因调控研究现状做一综述。
视网膜色素变性疾病中细胞替代治疗

视网膜变性是一类难治性疾病,其中最常见的包括视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(age related degeneration,AMD)等。因视网膜属于终末神经组织,神经细胞再生困难,此类疾病的治疗非常棘手。近年来,由于干细胞工程技术的飞速发展,各类干细胞在视网膜变性疾病中也有了一定的应用,取得了可喜的进展。文中就骨髓间充质干细胞和Muller细胞在视网膜色素变性疾病中的应用及相关研究作一综述。
Effects of Micelle on Pyrazoles as Antioxidants in Radical-induced Oxidation of DNA

Effects of 4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol(APP), 4-(1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol(BPP) and 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol(CPP) on 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride)(AAPH)-induced oxidation of DNA were measured in the presence of various concentrations of Triton X-100, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), or sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in order to clarify the influence of neutral, cationic and anionic microenvironments on antioxidant capacities of APP, BPP and CPP. Although these surfactants can protect DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation, the pyrazoles in the presence of these surfactants functioned as prooxidants when the concentrations of Triton X-100 and CTAB increased. However, CPP exhibited antioxidant property with the increase of the concentration of CTAB. On the contrary, APP, BPP and CPP were antioxidants in the presence of various concentrations of SDS. The added surfactants resulted in the complication of the microenvironments around DNA, pyrazoles and peroxyl radical(ROO·) derived from AAPH. The anionic charge of SDS was beneficial to enhancing the antioxidant effectiveness of these pyrazoles. It can be concluded that the charge property of surfactants markedly influenced the behavior of an antioxidant in AAPH-induced oxidation of DNA.
继发性压力性胆管扩张症与黄疸:附786例分析

目的:探讨继发性压力性胆管扩张症与黄疸的构成比。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月—2009年12月收治的继发性压力性胆管扩张症786例的临床资料。结果:良性疾病引起的胆管扩张症428例(54.5%),其中304例(71.0%)伴有黄疸、血清总胆红素在30.1 μmol/L以上;恶性肿瘤引起的胆管扩张358例(45.5%),其中280例(78.2%)伴有黄疸。良、恶性疾病黄疸发生率有统计学差异(χ~2=5.1876,P<0.05)。结论:继发性胆管扩张的病因以良性病多见,但黄疸的发生率恶性肿瘤明显高于良性疾病。
高产优质两系高原杂交粳稻新组合保粳杂2号

保粳杂2号是保山市农业科学研究所用湖北省农科院育成的N95076S与自育两系粳稻恢复系BR-4配组育成的两系高原杂交粳稻新组合。该组合田间生长繁茂,产量高,稻米品质达国标3级,抗性好,适宜在云南省海拔1 450~1 900 m的中高海拔粳稻区种植。2012年通过云南省审定。