mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cells with highly Te- and Mg-doped GaAs tunnel junctions grown by MBE

We report a GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cell with a novel GaAs tunnel junction(TJ) with using tellurium(Te) and magnesium(Mg) as n- and p-type dopants via dual-filament low temperature effusion cells grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) at low temperature. The test Te/Mg-doped GaAs TJ shows a peak current density of 21 A/cm~2. The tandem solar cell by the Te/Mg TJ shows a short-circuit current density of 12 m A/cm~2, but a low open-circuit voltage range of 1.4 V~1.71 V under AM1.5 illumination. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) analysis reveals that the Te doping is unexpectedly high and its doping profile extends to the Mg doping region, thus possibly resulting in a less abrupt junction with no tunneling carriers effectively. Furthermore, the tunneling interface shifts from the intended Ga As n~(++)/p~(++) junction to the AlGaInP/GaAs junction with a higher bandgap AlGaInP tunneling layers, thereby reducing the tunneling peak. The Te concentration of ~ 2.5 × 10~(20) in GaAs could cause a lattice strain of 10~(-3) in magnitude and thus a surface roughening,which also negatively influences the subsequent growth of the top subcell and the GaAs contacting layers. The doping features of Te and Mg are discussed to understand the photovoltaic response of the studied tandem cell.
Analysis of the interdigitated back contact solar cells:The n-type substrate lifetime and wafer thickness

The n-type silicon integrated-back contact(IBC) solar cell has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency,whereas its performance is very sensitive to the wafer of low quality or the contamination during high temperature fabrication processing, which leads to low bulk lifetime τ_(bulk). In order to clarify the influence of bulk lifetime on cell characteristics, two-dimensional(2D) TCAD simulation, combined with our experimental data, is used to simulate the cell performances, with the wafer thickness scaled down under various τ_(bulk) conditions. The modeling results show that for the IBC solar cell with high τ_(bulk),(such as 1 ms–2 ms), its open-circuit voltage V_(oc) almost remains unchanged, and the short-circuit current density J_(sc) monotonically decreases as the wafer thickness scales down. In comparison, for the solar cell with low τ_(bulk)(for instance, < 500 μs) wafer or the wafer contaminated during device processing, the V_(oc) increases monotonically but the J_(sc) first increases to a maximum value and then drops off as the wafer’s thickness decreases. A model combing the light absorption and the minority carrier diffusion is used to explain this phenomenon. The research results show that for the wafer with thinner thickness and high bulk lifetime, the good light trapping technology must be developed to offset the decrease in J_(sc).
Investigation of noise properties in grating-based x-ray phase tomography with reverse projection method

The relationship between noise variance and spatial resolution in grating-based x-ray phase computed tomography(PCT) imaging is investigated with reverse projection extraction method, and the noise variances of the reconstructed absorption coefficient and refractive index decrement are compared. For the differential phase contrast method, the noise variance in the differential projection images follows the same inverse-square law with spatial resolution as in conventional absorption-based x-ray imaging projections. However, both theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that in PCT the noise variance of the reconstructed refractive index decrement scales with spatial resolution follows an inverse linear relationship at fixed slice thickness, while the noise variance of the reconstructed absorption coefficient conforms with the inverse cubic law. The results indicate that, for the same noise variance level, PCT imaging may enable higher spatial resolution than conventional absorption computed tomography(ACT), while ACT benefits more from degraded spatial resolution. This could be a useful guidance in imaging the inner structure of the sample in higher spatial resolution.
Broadband and high-speed swept external-cavity laser using a quantum-dot superluminescent diode as gain device

A wide wavelength tuning range swept external-cavity laser using an In As/Ga As quantum-dot superluminescent diode as a gain device is demonstrated. The tunable filter consists of a polygon scanner and a grating in Littrow telescope-less configuration. The swept laser generates greater than 54-m W peak output power and up to 33-k Hz sweep rate with a sweep range of 150 nm centered at 1155 nm. The effects of injection current and sweep rate on the sweep performance of the swept laser are studied.
Dynamics and stabilization of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load

The discrete iterative map model of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load(CCL),containing the output voltage feedback and ramp compensation, is established in this paper. Based on this model the complex dynamics of this converter is investigated by analyzing bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum. The effects of ramp compensation and output voltage feedback on the stability of the converter are investigated. Experimental results verify the simulation and theoretical analysis. The stability boundary and chaos boundary are obtained under the theoretical conditions of period-doubling bifurcation and border collision. It is found that there are four operation regions in the peak current-mode controlled buck converter with CCL due to period-doubling bifurcation and border-collision bifurcation. Research results indicate that ramp compensation can extend the stable operation range and transfer the operating mode, and output voltage feedback can eventually eliminate the coexisting fast-slow scale instability.
Absorption enhancement in thin film a-Si solar cells with double-sided SiO_2 particle layers

Light absorption enhancement is very important for improving the power conversion efficiency of a thin film a-Si solar cell. In this paper, a thin-film a-Si solar cell model with double-sided SiO_2 particle layers is designed, and then the underlying mechanism of absorption enhancement is investigated by finite difference time domain(FDTD) simulation;finally the feasible experimental scheme for preparing the SiO_2 particle layer is discussed. It is found that the top and bottom SiO_2 particle layers play an important role in anti-reflection and light trapping, respectively. The light absorption of the cell with double-sided SiO_2 layers greatly increases in a wavelength range of 300 nm–800 nm, and the ultimate efficiency increases more than 22% compared with that of the flat device. The cell model with double-sided SiO_2 particle layers reported here can be used in varieties of thin film solar cells to further improve their performances.
Deterministic joint remote state preparation of arbitrary single- and two-qubit states

In this paper, two novel schemes for deterministic joint remote state preparation(JRSP) of arbitrary single- and twoqubit states are proposed. A set of ingenious four-particle partially entangled states are constructed to serve as the quantum channels. In our schemes, two senders and one receiver are involved. Participants collaborate with each other and perform projective measurements on their own particles under an elaborate measurement basis. Based on their measurement results,the receiver can reestablish the target state by means of appropriate local unitary operations deterministically. Unit success probability can be achieved independent of the channel’s entanglement degree.
Cubic ZnO films obtained at low pressure by molecular beam epitaxy

A zinc oxide thin film in cubic crystalline phase, which is usually prepared under high pressure, has been grown on the MgO (001) substrate by a three-step growth using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The cubic structure is confirmed by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction measurements and simulations. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the outer-layer surface of the film (less than 5 nm thick) is of ZnO phase while the buffer layer above the substrate is of ZnMgO phase, which is further confirmed by the band edge transmissions at the wavelengths of about 390 nm and 280 nm, respectively. The x-ray diffraction exhibits no peaks related to wurtzite ZnO phase in the film. The cubic ZnO film is presumably considered to be of the rock-salt phase. This work suggests that the metastable cubic ZnO films, which are of applicational interest for p-type doping, can be epitaxially grown on the rock-salt substrates without the usually needed high pressure conditions.
Effects of electron–optical phonon interactions on the polaron energy in a wurtzite ZnO/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O quantum well

We investigated the properties of polarons in a wurtzite ZnO/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O quantum well by adopting a modified Lee- Low-Pines variational method, giving the ground state energy, transition energy, and phonon contributions from various optical-phonon modes to the ground state energy as functions of the well width and Mg composition. In our calculations, we considered the effects of confined optical phonon modes, interface-optical phonon modes, and half-space phonon modes, as well as the anisotropy of the electron effective band mass, phonon frequency, and dielectric constant. Our numerical results indicate that the electron-optical phonon interactions importantly affect the polaronic energies in the ZnO/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O quantum well. The electron-optical phonon interactions decrease the polaron energies. For quantum wells with narrower wells, the interface optical phonon and half-space phonon modes contribute more to the polaronic energies than the confined phonon modes. However, for wider quantum wells, the total contribution to the polaronic energy mainly comes from the confined modes. The contributions of the various phonon modes to the transition energy change differently with increasing well width. The contribution of the half-space phonons decreases slowly as the QW width increases, whereas the contributions of the confined and interface phonons reach a maximum at d ≈ 5.0 nm and then decrease slowly. However, the total contribution of phonon modes to the transition energy is negative and increases gradually with the QW width of d. As the composition x increases, the total contribution of phonons to the ground state energies increases slowly, but the total contributions of phonons to the transition energies decrease gradually. We analyze the physical reasons for these behaviors in detail.
Combustion of a single magnesium particle in water vapor

The combustion of magnesium particles in water vapor is of interest for underwater propulsion and hydrogen production. In this work, the combustion process of a single magnesium particle in water vapor is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Combustion experiments are conducted in a combustor filled with motionless water vapor. Condensation of gas-phase magnesia on the particle surface is confirmed and gas-phase combustion flame characteristics are observed. With the help of an optical filter and a neutral optical attenuator, flame structures are captured and determined. Flame temperature profiles are measured by an infrared thermometer. Combustion residue is a porous oxide shell of disordered magnesia crystal, which may impose a certain influence on the diffusivity of gas phases. A simplified one-dimensional, spherically symmetric, quasi-steady combustion model is then developed. In this model, the condensation of gas-phase magnesia on the particle surface and its influence on the combustion process are included, and the Stefan problem on the particle surface is also taken into consideration. With the combustion model, the parameters of flame temperature, flame diameter, and the burning time of the particle are solved analytically under the experimental conditions. A reasonable agreement between the experimental and modeling results is demonstrated, and several features to improve the model are identified.
Covalent intermolecular interaction of the nitric oxide dimer (NO)_2

Covalent bonds arise from the overlap of the electronic clouds in the internucleus region, which is a pure quantum effect and cannot be obtained in any classical way. If the intermolecular interaction is of covalent character, the result from direct applications of classical simulation methods to the molecular system would be questionable. Here, we analyze the special intermolecular interaction between two NO molecules based on quantum chemical calculation. This weak intermolecular interaction, which is of covalent character, is responsible for the formation of the NO dimer, (NO)_2, in its most stable conformation, a cis conformation. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis gives an intuitive illustration of the formation of the dimer bonding and antibonding orbitals concomitant with the breaking of theπbonds with bond order 0.5 of the monomers. The dimer bonding is counteracted by partially filling the antibonding dimer orbital and the repulsion between those fully or nearly fully occupied nonbonding dimer orbitals that make the dimer binding rather weak. The direct molecular mechanics (MM) calculation with the UFF force fields predicts a trans conformation as the most stable state, which contradicts the result of quantum mechanics (QM). The lesson from the investigation of this special system is that for the case where intermolecular interaction is of covalent character, a specific modification of the force fields of the molecular simulation method is necessary.
Cooperative adaptive bidirectional control of a train platoon for efficient utility and string stability

This paper proposes cooperative adaptive control schemes for a train platoon to improve efficient utility and guarantee string stability. The control schemes are developed based on a bidirectional strategy, i.e., the information of proximal (preceding and following) trains is used in the controller design. Based on available proximal information (prox-info) of location, speed, and acceleration, a direct adaptive control is designed to maintain the tracking interval at the minimum safe distance. Based on available prox-info of location, an observer-based adaptive control is designed to achieve the same target, which alleviates the requirements of equipped sensors to measure prox-info of speed and acceleration. The developed schemes are capable of on-line estimating of the unknown system parameters and stabilizing the closed-loop system, the string stability of train platoon is guaranteed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.
Nonlocal symmetries,consistent Riccati expansion integrability,and their applications of the (2+1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup–Kupershmidt system

For the (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt (BKK) system, the nonlocal symmetries related to the Schwarzian variable and the corresponding transformation group are found. Moreover, the integrability of the BKK system in the sense of having a consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) is investigated. The interaction solutions between soliton and cnoidal periodic wave are explicitly studied.
Adipose-brain crosstalk:do adipokines have a role in neuroprotection?

Accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that obesity, and its related metabolic consequences of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are associated with accelerated cognitive decline (Yates et al., 2012). The etiology of neurodegeneration in obesity is undoubtedly complex, with vascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and structural changes all likely to play a role (Yates et al., 2012). The discovery of leptin in 1994 and the subsequent advancement in our understanding that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that can communicate with the brain to regulate appetite (Zhang et al., 1994) brings about the intriguing possibility that adipose-brain crosstalk can regulate aspects of neuronal physiology and pathology (Aguilar-Valles et al., 2015). Indeed neurons have been shown to express receptors for various adipokines, indicating that factors released from adipose tissue have the potential to communicate directly with the brain. Research in this area is relatively new, and while epidemiological data points towards the negative consequences of adipose-brain crosstalk (Whitmer et al., 2005), some intriguing new studies highlight that the secretory profile of adipose tissue might be involved in reduction in neurodegeneration via maintenance of neuronal viability (Tezapsidis et al., 2009; Wan et al., 2015).
The roles of tubulin-folding cofactors in neuronal morphogenesis and disease

Microtubules play important roles in neuronal morphogenesis, including cellular polarization, neurite growth, and branching. A microtubule is a polymer of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers that are formed by a multistep process assisted by at least five tubulin-folding cofactors (TBCA–E) (Lopez-Fanarraga et al., 2001). Newly synthesized α- and β-tubulins associate with the cytosolic chaperonin complex (CCT), and then the quasi-native tubulins interact with five tubulin-folding cofactors. The α- and β-tubulins first interact with TBCB and TBCA, which are further transferred to TBCE and TBCD, respectively. The α- and β-tubulins, TBCC, TBCD, and TBCE form a supercomplex, and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis occurs within the supercomplex, releasing a tubulin heterodimer. In addition to their functions in tubulin folding and tubulin heterodimer formation, excess amounts of TBCD or TBCE may interact with tubulin heterodimers, leading to their degradation. Thus, tubulin-folding cofactors may play a role in both the synthesis and degradation of tubulin heterodimers.
PTEN inhibition and axon regeneration and neural repair

The intrinsic growth ability of all the neurons declines during development although some may grow better than others. Numerous intracellular signaling proteins and transcription factors have been shown to regulate the intrinsic growth capacity in mature neurons. Among them, PI3 kinase/Akt pathway is important for controlling axon elongation. As a negative regulator of this pathway, the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) appears critical to control the regenerative ability of young and adult neurons. This review will focus on recent research progress in axon regeneration and neural repair by PTEN inhibition and therapeutic potential of blocking this phosphatase for neurological disorders. Inhibition of PTEN by deletion in conditional knockout mice, knockdown by short-hairpin RNA, or blockade by pharmacological approaches, including administration of selective PTEN antagonist peptides, stimulates various degrees of axon regrowth in juvenile or adult rodents with central nervous system injuries. Importantly, post-injury PTEN suppression could enhance axonal growth and functional recovery in adult central nervous system after injury.
Multidisciplinary management of Mirizzi syndrome with cholecystobiliary fistula:the value of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery

Mirizzi syndrome, a rare complication of gallstones, is defined by obstruction of the main bile duct. This obstruction may worsen and thus result in cholecystobiliary fistula. Surgical management of Mirizzi syndrome is complicated by the presence of inflamed tissue around the hepatic pedicle, making it impossible to distinguish between the main bile duct and the gallbladder. The surgeon's first task is to perform subtotal cholecystotomy (from the fundus of the gallbladder to the neck) without trying to locate the cystic duct. In a second step, the gallstones are extracted and the main bile duct is then repaired. In most cases, a T-tube is used to drain the main bile duct, and abdominal drainage is left in place (in case a bile fistula forms). This study concluded that preoperative drainage of the main bile duct in the treatment of Mirizzi syndrome types II and III is feasible and might help to decrease the postoperative complication rate.
急性横贯性脊髓炎的再认识

目前认为急性横贯性脊髓炎是一种脊髓局灶性炎性病变导致运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍的综合征。急性横贯性脊髓炎的主要相关类型。包括急性完全性的横贯性脊髓炎、急性部分性的横贯性脊髓炎、长节段性广泛的横贯性脊髓炎。Scott等提出可以根据脊髓功能障碍对急性完全性的横贯性脊髓炎和急性部分性的横贯性脊髓炎进行鉴别。研究表明,表现为急性部分性的横贯性脊髓炎的患者比表现为急性完全性的横贯性脊髓炎患者转化为多发性硬化的风险更高。脊髓炎病灶在磁共振成像(MRI)矢状位上长度超过3个脊髓节段的定义为长节段性广泛的横贯性脊髓炎。
天龙消瘤方治疗ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的探讨天龙消瘤方对ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效的观察。方法选取ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者112例,随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,对照组58例,予吉西他滨/顺铂(GP)方案化疗,治疗4个疗程;实验组54例,在GP方案化疗的基础上加用天龙消瘤方,水煎成200 ml口服,日2次,3 w为1个疗程,治疗4个疗程。治疗结束后,对比两组患者临床疗效、免疫T细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+和NK细胞相对活性及不良反应。结果①治疗后实验组临床客观疗效及中医症状缓解率均优于对照组(P<0.05);②治疗后两组患者免疫水平均有所改善,但实验组免疫T细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+和NK细胞相对活性优于对照组(P<0.05);③治疗后两组患者均出现不同程度的不良反应,但实验组出现不良反应比率较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论天龙消瘤方能够提高ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效,增强患者免疫力,降低化疗毒副反应,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。
老年全髋置换患者血压、心率变异性与围术期新发房颤的相关性

目的探讨老年无心血管疾病髋关节置换手术患者围术期血压变异性(BPV)与阵发性心房颤动相关性及自主神经在阵发性心房颤动中的作用机制。方法在动态心电图及动态血压监测围术期新发房颤患者和正常患者BPV指标(24 h SBP、24 h DBP、24 h SSD、24 h DSD)、心率变异性(HRV)指标(TP、HF、LF、VLF、LF/HF)并对其进行统计学分析。结果房颤组术前BPV各项指标显著高于对照组,两组患者术后的血压均有所升高,随着血压的升高HRV也增高,房颤组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);前房颤组HRV频域均低于对照组,其中LF、VLF在两组间差异最显著(P<0.05)。术后两组HRV频域各指标均显著下降(P<0.05),房颤组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经受麻醉、手术创伤等应激后,老年患者易发生房颤,房颤患者BPV明显上升,而HRV明显降低,具有一定相关性。
血清可溶性P-选择素、抵抗素对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变的评估价值

目的探讨老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清可溶性P-选择素(SPS)、抵抗素的水平及其对冠状动脉病变的评估价值。方法ACS患者86例为观察组,包括急性心肌梗死(AMI)28例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)36例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)22例,依心功能分级(NYHA分级标准):Ⅱ级25例,Ⅲ级41例,Ⅳ级20例。另选取健康志愿者35例为对照组。检测血清SPS、抵抗素水平,计算观察组Gensini积分,比较各组血清SPS、抵抗素水平差异,对ACS患者血清SPS、抵抗素水平与Gensini积分进行相关性分析。结果依对照组、SAP组、UAP组、AMI组的顺序,血清SPS、抵抗素及Gensini积分均不同程度升高(F=5.17~6.39,P<0.05)。观察组较对照组(Gensini积分除外)、AMI组较UAP组、UAP组较SAP组,前者血清SPS、抵抗素及Gensini积分均高于后者(q=4.29~9.08,P<0.05或P<0.01)。依Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级的顺序,血清SPS、抵抗素及Gensini积分均不同程度升高(F=4.38~5.17,P<0.05)。Ⅳ级较Ⅲ级,Ⅲ级较Ⅱ级,前者血清SPS、抵抗素及Gensini积分均高于后者(q=4.13~5.35,P<0.05)。ACS患者血清SPS、抵抗素与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.39、0.47,P<0.01)。结论ACS患者血清SPS、抵抗素水平与Gensini积分呈正相关性,血清SPS、抵抗素水平反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,提示动脉粥样硬化乃至ACS可能是一种炎性反应过程,局部炎症反应的激活可能是其发生发展的重要环节。
贵州汉族老年人群载脂蛋白A5基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

目的探讨载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)基因-1131T>C及56C>G基因多态性与贵州汉族老年人群2型糖尿病(T2DM)及体内血脂水平的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测100例健康人及142例T2DM患者ApoA5-1131T>C、56C>G基因型,并统计等位基因频率分布情况,同时测定所有对象的血脂、血糖水平。结果①T2DM组和对照组的ApoA5-1131T>C位点基因型频率比较差异显著(P=0.006),等位基因频率比较无差异(P=0.349);②对照组和T2DM组的ApoA5-1131C等位基因(TC+CC)携带者的甘油三酯(TG)均明显高于非C等位基因携带者(TT)(P<0.05);③未发现ApoA5基因56C>G基因多态性。结论ApoA5-1131T>C基因多态性与贵州汉族老年人群T2DM的发病风险有关,携带C等位基因的人群发病风险更高,且C等位基因与TG水平增高有关;未检测出ApoA5基因56C>G基因多态性。
艾灸对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠滑膜病变的影响

目的应用蛋白质组学技术观察艾灸对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠滑膜病变的影响。方法48只雄性SD大鼠,随机选取6只作为正常组,余42只建立Ⅱ型胶原诱导的关节炎模型,其中造模成功的36只随机分为6组:艾灸Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组6只。艾灸组选取双侧"足三里"、"肾俞"穴治疗,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别干预1、2、3 w。模型组不治疗。7组大鼠分别收集滑膜组织标本,双向电泳。软件分析比对各时间点艾灸组、模型组以及正常组。选取各时间点模型组与艾灸组共同差异蛋白点,应用MALDI-TOF MS鉴定,IPA软件分析差异蛋白的生物功能、信号通路及信号网络。结果①成功建立了各组关节滑膜双向凝胶电泳图谱。②发现并鉴定各时间点艾灸组与模型组共同差异蛋白质9个,PRDXⅠ,EHHADH,MLC3,HPX等蛋白主要通过自身变化调节脂肪酸β-氧化通路Ⅲ、NRF2-介导的氧化应激反应通路、急性期反应通路、细胞骨架肌动蛋白通路、上皮细胞黏附通路等,从而参与功能涉及DNA复制、重组和修复、细胞集结和炎性反应的信号网络,最终调控本研究中RA的发生与发展。结论PRDXⅠ,EHHADH,MLC3,HPX等蛋白具有潜在的作为艾灸治疗RA靶点或疗效标志物的意义,为进一步研究艾灸作用机制提供蛋白质组学依据。
发育期间脊柱侧弯治疗方法的回顾与评价

近年来双棒和钉棒系统矫治脊柱侧弯的用法盛行一时,也取得了一定的治疗效果。再加上钉棒系统在脊柱外科中的广泛应用,几乎占据整个脊柱外科,什么病、什么伤、什么畸形的治疗都离不开钉棒系统,把钉棒系统看作是万能手术器械和手术方法,不管是什么病都要用同一个处方来治疗、来解决。该用钉棒系统的用上了钉棒系统,不该用钉棒系统的也想方设法地用上了钉棒系统。再加上昂贵的进口钉棒系统和国产钉棒系统纷纷上市,利用其经济杠杆作用供应市场,使脊柱外科手术后的患者身上几乎都佩戴着钉棒装饰。钉棒系统在治疗发育期间脊柱侧弯中是否为唯一有效的治疗方法?只有从事脊柱外科30年以上,能见到远期治疗结果的医生才能承认它是否为唯一最好的方法,必须看远期随访结果,才能说明它的好坏。
胰腺癌患者外周血CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞比率变化特点及其临床意义

目的:探讨胰腺癌患者外周血中高表达CD25的CD4~+调节性T细胞(CD4~+CD25~(high) T)的表达比率及其临床意义。方法:选取50例确诊胰腺癌患者作为胰腺癌组、50例急性胰腺炎患者作为AP组、50例健康体检对象作为对照组,分别采用流式细胞技术检测三组研究对象的外周血的CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞水平,采用ELISA检测胰腺癌患者外周血γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)的水平。结果:胰腺癌组患者的CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率显著的高于AP组、对照组(P<0.05), AP组的CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率显著的高于对照组(P<0.05); I~II期患者CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率显著的高于III、IV期(P<0.05);I~II期患者的INF-γ、 IL-4、IL-10水平显著的高于III、IV期患者(P<0.05);胰腺癌患者的CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞水平与INF-γ、IL-4、IL-10水平均呈现显著的正相关(r=0.372、r=0.401、r=0.226,P<0.05)。结论:胰腺癌患者的CD4~+CD25~(high) T细胞比率显著的提高,并且与患者的临床分期、免疫功能变化具有一定的关系。