mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Generation of the wavelength-tunable XUV pulse using the two-color and three-color infrared pulses

We present an efficient method to generate an ultrashort wavelength-tunable XUV pulse by using the harmonic selective enhancement scheme. The results show that by properly controlling the delay times of a two-color field or a three-color field, selective enhancement of the harmonics with photon energies between 80 eV and 315 eV can be obtained. Further, a wavelength-tunable and bandwidth-controllable XUV radiation can be obtained by Fourier transformation of these enhanced harmonics.
Rectification effect in asymmetric Kerr nonlinear medium

Based on the transfer matrix method, the recursion of an electromagnetic wave propagating in an asymmetric Kerr nonlinear medium is analytically formulated, from which the rectification effect is clearly presented. The effects on the rectification region of the linear part and nonlinear coefficient of permittivity are both studied, and the energy densities before and after rectification are discussed. We use a rectifying factor to describe the intensity of the rectification effect. The result shows that every transmission peak is divided into two parts when the symmetry is broken, and nonlinear asymmetry has a more significant effect on the rectification effect than the linear asymmetry. The rectification intensity and area will be enlarged when the asymmetry factor is increased in a certain range.
Fusion, fission, and annihilation of complex waves for the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff system

With the help of the symbolic computation system, Maple and Riccati equation (ζ' = a_0 +a_1x +a_2ζ~2), expansion method, and a linear variable separation approach, a new family of exact solutions with q = lx+my+nt +Γ (x,y, t) for the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff system (GCBS) are derived. Based on the derived solitary wave solution, some novel localized excitations such as fusion, fission, and annihilation of complex waves are investigated.
Functional analyses of an E3 ligase gene AIP2 from wheat in Arabidopsis revealed its roles in seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) seriously affects wheat yield and quality of the grain. ABI3 is a key factor in the activation of seed development and repression of germination in Arabidopsis. An ABI3-interacting protein (AIP2) could polyubiquitinate ABI3, impair seed dormancy and promote seed germination in Arabidopsis. In this study, two wheat AIP2 genes, TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B, were isolated. Subcellular localization assay and yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B may function through interaction with wheat Viviporous-1 (TaVp1). The transcripts TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B were more abundant in wheat PHS susceptible cultivars than that of resistant ones, and decreased gradually following seed development. Expression of TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B in Arabidopsis aip2-1 mutant lines resulted in earlier flowering, promotion of seed germination, and reduced ABA sensitivity, respectively, somehow mimicking the phenotype of the wild type, with TaAIP2B having a stronger role in these aspects. Furthermore, the expression of upstream genes ABI1 and ABI2 were upregulated, whereas that of downstream genes ABI3 and ABI5 were downregulated in both TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B complemented lines upon ABA treatment. These results suggested that wheat AIP2s could negatively regulate the ABA signaling pathway and play important roles in seed germination, and thus wheat PHS resistance finally.
~(18)F-FDGPET/CT在不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大鉴别诊断中的临床价值

近年来,影像学探测到纵隔淋巴结肿大较常见,可由多种疾病引起,明确诊断肿大淋巴结的性质是进行有效治疗的前提。但是,纵隔解剖结构较复杂,与许多重要的组织、器官关系密切,组织活检较困难,因此纵隔病变的诊断是临床上的难点。目前对于这类患者临床上检查手段包括有创性检查和无创性检查。前者包括纵隔镜、胸腔镜、经支气管针吸活检(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)、超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspira-tion,EBUS-TBNA)及食管腔内超声引导针吸活检(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspira-tion,EUS-FNA)。虽然这些检查可以取得病理诊断,但对患者的创伤较大。传统的无创性检查有胸部C T、M RI等,通过观察解剖形态变化进行诊断,且多为局部检查,亦有一定的局限。正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)是一种无创的诊断方法,将体内功能代谢和解剖形态信息有效整合,提高了诊断的灵敏度和准确度,在一定程度上弥补了传统影像手段的不足,在纵隔淋巴结肿大疾病的诊断中发挥着重要的作用。本文主要对近年应用PE T/C T 检查对纵隔淋巴结肿大疾病探测及诊断效能进行综述。
前臂人工血管内瘘术后血清肿诊治一例

血清肿诊断相对容易:好发于吻合口部位、生长相对缓慢、无搏动性包块,术中探及与血清成分接近的透亮液体被纤维性假包膜包裹,且液体培养阴性。临床需要与脓肿、假性动脉瘤等相鉴别。因可能继发感染、皮肤皲裂、坏死、移植物血栓、穿刺部位丧失等需要处理,具体方法包括穿刺放液或加血清肿清除,但该方法因未处理受损段人工血管易复发。处理受损段人工血管方法包括:生物蛋白胶或医用胶局部涂抹、在受损段人工血管内放置覆膜支架、跨越血清肿段人工血管搭桥。生物蛋白胶系由血液中提取的多种凝血成分组成,医用胶系医用高分子化合物经过改性而成的快速医用组织粘合剂,两者在外科常用于止血,少量、次序处理人工血管后其多孔性结构被封闭,效果良好。本例患者首次处理时仅对症切除包块,短时间内复发,此后应用医用胶对发生血清肿段人工血管进行处理,因患者2个月后发生吻合口部位假性动脉瘤暂无法评价该方法长期疗效,有待于进一步临床经验积累。
Phase and particle of Y-doped Ni(OH)_2 prepared from different nickel sources and Na_2CO_3 amount

Multiple nano-sized α-Ni(OH)_2 was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation under different conditions. The crystal structure and particle size distribution of the sample were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, and laser particle size analyzer (PSA). The results show that the samples are anisotropic polycrystalline of α and β Ni(OH)_2, and the ratio of α and β changes with the difference of nickel source, resulting in the largest ratio of α-Ni(OH)_2 using nickel nitrate as reactant. Larger amount of Na_2CO_3 is conducive to the formation of α-Ni(OH)_2; while the resultant phases are all β with the same conditions but no doping. The results of PSD indicate that the samples are about 100-120 nm in size, and the sample with nickel sulfate as nickel source has the minimum particle size. The three ions of nickel source appear in the absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum showing that the ions change the crystal structure of Ni(OH)_2. EDS testing shows that Y and anion distribute in the lattice of α- Ni(OH)_2 uniformly.
Structure, magnetic properties, and thermal stability of Sm_(1-x)Tm_xCo_5 compounds

Structure, magnetic properties, and thermal stability of ternary Sm_(1-x)Tm_xCo_5 compounds were studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal magnetic analysis (TMA), and magnetic measurements. XRD results show that all the compounds have a main phase of hexagonal CaCu_5-type crystal structure with small amount of impurity phases; increasing Tm content is associated with contraction of the hexagonal unit cell in the direction of the c axis and expansion of the a and b parameters. TMA results indicate that the Curie temperature (T_C) of Sm_(1-x)Tm_xCo_5 compounds gets higher with the increase in Tm content. Magnetic measurements show that both the magnetic anisotropy field (H_A) and the magnetization at an applied field of 7 T (M_(7 T)) decrease with the increase of Tm content. However, the thermal stability of both the H_A and M_(7 T) of all the Tm doped compounds is remarkably improved compared with that of the pure SmCo_5 compound, leading to the result that both the M_(7 T) and H_A of Sm_(0.8)Tm_(0.2)Co_(5.2) are higher than those of SmCo_5 compound at 473 K, which indicates the good potential of Tm doped compound in the practical applications at elevated temperature.
1例挂釉工人铅中毒病例分析

琉璃瓦厂多采用手工工艺制作,尤其是以个体小作坊形式经营的企业,工作环境较差,作业工人缺乏职业病防护意识及良好的卫生习惯,容易造成铅中毒。我们对1例琉璃瓦厂挂釉工人铅中毒病例进行了分析,现报告如下。
北京市职业卫生技术机构在开展服务中存在的问题与思考

职业卫生技术机构是为实施《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(简称《职业病防治法》)服务的职业卫生专业技术服务提供者,同时也接受企业的委托,为企业和劳动者提供职业病危害识别、检测、评价、控制策略以及化学品毒性鉴定、职业健康监护、职业病诊断、健康咨询培训等服务的机构。按照《职业病防治法》的有关规定,职业卫生技术机构必须依法在资质认证范围内开展服务,出具具有法定效力的技术报告。为保证职业卫生技术服务符合"公平、公开、公正"的原则,其出具的技术报告和结论应"科学、真实、可靠";监督执法部门在加强对职业卫生技术机构资质认证和年审工作的同时,还需强化对职业卫生技术人员的培训及职业卫生技术机构依法、规范开展工作的监督检查。
支气管肺泡灌洗液涂片查结核菌对矽肺合并肺结核诊断的价值

为探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液涂片检查对矽肺合并肺结核的诊断价值,我们对24例痰涂片阴性、胸部X射线排除合并肺结核矽肺患者进行了支气管肺泡灌洗,并对灌洗液常规涂片查找结核菌。现报道如下。
饲料蛋白水平对泥鳅幼鱼生长和饲料利用的影响

以白鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源, 饲料脂肪水平为11.66%-11.98%, 饲料蛋白能量比为11.91-26.64 mg/kJ, 水温为25-28℃的实验条件下, 通过增重率(WG)和饲料蛋白水平的折线法分析表明, 泥鳅幼鱼(1.72 g)达到最大生长的饲料蛋白水平为约占饲料干物质的45.5%。
浅谈堤坝管涌应急抢险

河道堤防是我国防洪工程体系的重要组成部分。目前,我国建有各类堤防25万km,其中主要堤防6.57万km。现有的堤防有三大特点:一是堤基条件差。二是堤身建筑质量较差。不少堤防是在原民堤的基础上,经历年逐渐加高培厚而成,往往质量不佳。三是堤后坑塘多,覆盖薄弱。因此,当遭遇洪水时,堤防经常发生管涌、滑坡、崩岸和漫溢等险情。
遂行应急救援任务经费保障探讨

应急救援的一个特点就是事发突然。从我部参加“5 ? 12”汶川地震,到“4 ? 20”芦山抗震救灾、平果3~#排泥库应急抢险救援和云南迪庆抗震救灾等任务来看,灾情事发突然,受影响范围广、面积大,往往要求任务部队按照灾情就是命令,党和人民的利益高于一切的思想,确保在灾害发生后第一时间到达任务地,这对经费保障时限提出了很高的要求。且进入任务地区后受交通阻塞、线路中断等客观条件的限制,难以在当地开立银行帐户,进行资金存取,因此必须在第一时间筹措大量资金进行保障。
沙沱水电站右岸大坝基础廊道裂缝处理措施

沙沱水电站位于贵州省东北部沿河县境内,系乌江干流规划开发的第七个梯级,坝址控制流域面积54 508 km~2,上游120. 8 km为思林水电站,下游7 km为沿河县城。电站正常蓄水位360 m,水库总库容6.31亿m~3,电站枢纽为二等工程,主要水工建筑物为二级建筑物。水电站以发电为主,兼顾航运、防洪及灌溉等任务。根据工程建设及下闸蓄水的有关要求,依据相关的设计文件,参建四方对右岸大坝基础廊道裂缝进行了全面系统的检查。沙沱右岸大坝9~# ~16~#坝段基础廊道发现96条裂缝和渗水点,主要分布在上游廊道、下游廊道、横向排水廊道。根据工程进展实际情况,沙沱水电站已经明确于2013年4月下闸蓄水,5月投产发电。在大坝下闸蓄水前,完成廊道内裂缝处理工作。
架桥机拆除固定卷扬式启闭机应用实例

沙沱水电站导流底孔固定卷扬式启闭机(以下简称启闭机)共2台,主要用于下闸蓄水时起吊封堵闸门,启闭机型号为QP2 x 3 200 kN,外形尺寸为9.77 m × 6.88 m × 3.66 m,机架分为三块(分别为7. 141 t、7. 118 t、7. 141 t)通过螺栓和连接板连接组成,单件最重为卷筒装置,其重量为14.58 t,启闭机总重量为99.5 t。导流底孔启闭机安装平台高程为322.00 m,启闭机左孔安装中心为:坝纵0 - 004. 000及坝横0 + 379. 500。右孔安装中心为:坝纵0 - 004. 000及坝横0 +437.500,启闭机起吊重量为2×320 t。
A natural model of behavioral depression in postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a modified form of major depressive disorders (MDD) that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than MDD. Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because PPD typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. This fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. In the present study, postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) living in breeding groups were observed for typical depressive behavior. The huddle posture behavior was utilized as an indicator of behavioral depression postpartum (BDP) as it has been established as the core depressive-like behavior in primates. Monkeys were divided into two groups: A BDP group (n=6), which were found to spend more time huddling over the first two weeks postpartum than other individuals that formed a non-depression control group (n=4). The two groups were then further analyzed for locomotive activity, stressful events, hair cortisol levels and for maternal interactive behaviors. No differences were found between the BDP and control groups in locomotive activity, in the frequencies of stressful events experienced and in hair cortisol levels. These findings suggested that the postpartum depression witnessed in the monkeys was not related to external factors other than puerperium period. Interestingly, the BDP monkeys displayed an abnormal maternal relationship consisting of increased infant grooming. Taken together, these findings suggest that the adult female cynomolgus monkeys provide a natural model of behavioral postpartum depression that holds a number of advantages over commonly used rodent systems in PPD modeling. The cynomolgus monkeys have a highly-organized social hierarchy and reproductive characteristics without seasonal restriction—similar to humans—as well as much greater homology to humans than rodents. As such, this model may provide a greater translational efficiency and research platform for systematically investigating the etiology, treatment, prevention of PPD.
过敏反应相关的急性冠状动脉综合征

自1950年Pfister和Plice报道青霉素过敏反应继发急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的病例以来,国内外已有逾300例过敏反应继发急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)的病例报道。1991年希腊学者Kounis等将过敏反应、炎症介质和伴发的心绞痛联系起来,明确提出了过敏反应性心绞痛的概念,随后将过敏反应引致的、包括不稳定性心绞痛和AMI在内的ACS称为Kounis 综合征。我们也曾报道过胡蜂蜇伤继发过敏反应性AMI 病例。近年来,与过敏反应相关的冠状动脉支架内血栓形成也引人关注。
第55届美国血液学年会研究热点报道——红细胞疾病

第55届美国血液学年会(ASH)有关红细胞疾病的研究进展主要涉及铁代谢基础研究、获得性再生障碍性贫血(AA)治疗新方法以及先天性骨髓造血衰竭机制等内容。机体铁代谢领域研究非常活跃。意大利Clara Camaschella教授在Ham-Wasserman讲座中系统阐述了以铁调素-膜铁转运蛋白(hepcidin-ferroportin)轴为枢纽的铁稳态调节机制及其与炎症、代谢性疾病、肿瘤和神经退行性病变病理生理机制的关联。美国UCLA大学Tomas Gan团队应用基因芯片表达谱分析法,发现小鼠在放血或注射EPO后首先呈现某种红系细胞特异性基因转录表达(蛋白产物命名为erythroferrone),尔后才表现出hepcidin mRNA受抑。因而认为erythroferrone可抑制hepcidin,从而将骨髓红系造血与肠道铁吸收联系起来,也为血色病和铁过载治疗提供了一个新靶点。UCLA大学另一团队将创伤弧菌(V. vulnificus)注射于野生型(分别喂饲低铁和高铁饮食)和Hamp基因敲除小鼠(分别喂饲低铁和标准饮食),结果显示Hamp基因敲除小鼠体内菌落计数和个体死亡率均较野生型小鼠更高,单纯喂饲不同食物造成的野生型缺铁和铁过载小鼠与之结果相同,从而证实感染致hepcidin升高诱导的反应性低铁血症对个体具有保护作用。
Local and long-range transport influences on PM_(2.5) at a cities-cluster in northern China, during summer 2008

Hourly PM_(2.5) concentrations were observed simultaneously at a cities-cluster comprising 10 cities/towns in Hebei province in China from July 1 to 31, 2008. Among the 10 cities/towns, Baoding showed the highest average concentration level (161.57 μg/m~3) and Yanjiao exhibited the lowest (99.35 μg/m~3). These observed data were also studied using the joint potential source contribution function with 24-h and 72-h backward trajectories, to identify more clearly the local and countrywide-scale long-range transport sources. For the local sources, three important influential areas were found, whereas five important influential areas were defined for long-range transport sources. Spatial characteristics of PM_(2.5) were determined by multivariate statistical analyses. Soil dust, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions might be the potential contributors in these areas. The results of a hierarchical cluster analysis for back trajectory endpoints and PM_(2.5) concentrations datasets show that the spatial characteristics of PM_(2.5) in the cities-cluster were influenced not only by local sources, but also by long-range transport sources. Different cities in the cities-cluster obtained different weighted contributions from local or long-range transport sources. Cangzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Baoding are near the source areas in the south of Hebei province, whereas Zhuozhou, Yangfang, Yanjiao, Xianghe, and Langfang are close to the sources areas near Beijing and Tianjin.
Optical properties and chemical composition of PM_(2.5) in Shanghai in the spring of 2012

The semi-diurnal mean aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, and optical properties of PM_(2.5) were investigated in Shanghai during the spring of 2012. Slight pollution was observed during the study period. The average PM_(2.5) concentration was 64.11 ± 22.83 μg/m~3. The mean coefficients of extinction, scattering, and absorption at 532 nm were 125.9 ± 78.5, 91.1 ± 56.3, and 34.9 ± 23.6 Mm~(?1), respectively. A relatively low mean single scattering albedo at 532 nm (0.73 ± 0.04) and low level of elemental carbon (EC, 2.67 ± 1.96 μg/m~3) suggested that the light absorption was enhanced due to the internal mixing of the EC. Sulfate contributed the most to aerosol light scattering in Shanghai. The chemical composition of PM_(2.5) was dominated by particulate organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and EC. Anthropogenic sources made a significant contribution to the emission and loading of the particulate pollutants. A relatively good correlation between the aerosol chemical composition and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation indicated that aerosol chemistry is an important factor that influences the saturated hygroscopicity and growth of the aerosol.
PM_(2.5) in China: Measurements, sources, visibility and health effects, and mitigation

Concern over the health effects of fine particles in the ambient environment led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop the first standard for PM_(2.5) (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) in 1997. The Particle Technology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota has helped to establish the PM_(2.5) standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmospheric measurements. In this paper, we review various aspects of PM_(2.5), including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and health effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM_(2.5) studies in China and where appropriate, compare them with those obtained in the U.S. Based on accurate PM_(2.5) sampling, chemical analysis, and source apportionment models, the major PM_(2.5) sources in China have been identified to be coal combustion, motor vehicle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmospheric visibility has been found to correlate well with PM_(2.5) concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM_(2.5), commonly found in coal burning and vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors to regional haze in China. Short-term exposure to PM_(2.5) is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in China. The strategy for PM_(2.5) mitigation must be based on reducing the pollutants from the two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions. Although conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices (PECD) such as electrostatic precipitators in Chinese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of them may not have high collection efficiency of PM_(2.5). Baghouse filtration is gradually incorporated into the PECD to increase the PM_(2.5) collection efficiency. By adopting stringent vehicle emissions standard such as Euro 5 and 6, the emissions from vehicles can be gradually reduced over the years. An integrative approach, from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effectively manage and mitigate the PM_(2.5) pollution in China.
深圳市“369”无偿献血志愿服务工作体系的建立与发展

1993年5月8日,深圳尝试性的开展了自愿无偿献血工作, 1995年11月《深圳经济特区公民无偿献血和血液管理条例》施行,深圳全面推行自愿无偿献血,于是无偿献血人数呈几何倍数增长,到1998年10月1日《中华人民共和国献血法》施行,“国家实行无偿献血制度”,深圳实现了所采全血100%来自于自愿无偿献血。为推动深圳的无偿献血活动向更高层次发展, 1999年深圳市血液中心提出了深圳市无偿献血工作的“三个转移”和“四个转变”(即从一次献血200 mL,向400 mL 转移/转变; 从献血全血,向献机采成分血转移/转变; 从献血,向献骨髓转移/转变; 从一次献血,向定期献血转变),为配合3个转移和4个转变工作的实施,血液中心会同市红十字会于2000年5月9日成立了隶属于深圳市红十字会、挂牌于深圳市血液中心的“深圳市红十字会无偿献血志愿工作者志工队(简称: 捐血志工队) ”。捐血志工队成立后,开展了无偿献血志愿工作者的招募、培训和登记注册,引导捐血志工发挥身份优势,现身说法参与捐血献髓宣教和捐献者招募、保留、召回和捐献陪伴等志愿服务活动,志工队经过培训的注册队员由成立时的27人发展到现在的2200人。经过十几年的实践和总结改进,初步形成了具有深圳特色的捐血献髓志愿服务体系,该体系由理念、组织和志愿服务3个方面内容组成,3者相辅相承,相互促进。概括起来有: 3种理念,6个组织机制和9个志愿服务目标。
Systematic significance of cytology in Cyananthus (Campanulaceae) endemic to the Sino-Himalayan region

Chromosome numbers and the morphology of members of 24 populations representing 15 species of the Sino-Himalayan endemic genus Cyananthus (Campanulaceae) were studied using karyological and numerical taxonomic techniques. The chromosome numbers of these taxa are 2n = 10,12,14,24,28, and the basic chromosome numbers for the genus are x = 5, 6, 7. All species except C. inflatus Hook. f. & Thoms. and C. microphyllus Edgew. were examined for the first time and a new ploidy level (tetraploidy) is reported in the genus. Chromosome measurement data were analyzed using cluster analysis. The relationships between three sections within Cyananthus and evolutionary trends within the genus are discussed in the light of karyological data. The cytological data suggest that Cyananthus is a relatively primitive genus in Campanulaceae and there is significant division within the genus, and polyploidization may have played an important role in the chromosome evolution and speciation of Cyananthus in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains.
Survival and reproduction of plant species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the highest and largest plateau in the world. It covers correspondingly wide geological, topographical, and climatic gradients, and thus hosts greater biodiversity than surrounding lowlands and other high elevation regions. Due to its extreme environmental and biological diversity, the QTP is an ideal region for studying adaptations of plant species under harsh environmental conditions at multiple evolutionary levels. Many recent ecological studies have revealed functions of distinctive morphological features of various plants in the region that improve their reproductive success. Examples include large and showy bracts, hairy inflorescences, and drooping flowers. Numerous other investigations have examined QTP plants' sexual systems, patterns of biomass allocations, and biotic interactions. This paper summarizes recent advances in understanding of morphological adaptations, plant-plant interactions, plant-pollinator interactions, floral color patterns, pollination adaptations, and resource allocation patterns of alpine plants of the QTP. The overall aim is to synthesize current knowledge of the general mechanisms of plant survival and reproduction in this fascinating region.
Evolutionary history and underlying adaptation of alpine plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

As the highest and largest plateau in the world, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its numerous endemic species, is one of the important alpine biodiversity hotspots. Only recently have the evolutionary histories and underlying adaptations of these alpine plants become clear, through research mostly based on testable experiments and analyses. In this issue, we collected a total of 13 papers related to such aims. In addition, we selected a few published papers to highlight the major findings in the recent past. We also outlined the outlook and direction of future research.
临床医学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系改革探索与实践

研究生培养是一项包含着诸多环节的复杂的系统工程。其中,课程教学作为实现教育目标的关键环节,是研究生教育的重要组成部分,具有承上启下的重要作用,直接关系到人才培养质量。21世纪医学教育展望报告指出:第三代医学教育改革的一个重要动向就是以课程设置为手段培养学生必备胜任能力,并把它作为教育目标。因此,建立科学、合理、能够培养岗位胜任能力的课程体系对提高临床医学硕士专业学位研究生的培养质量至关重要。第三军医大学作为首批临床医学专业学位试点单位和重庆市临床医学专业学位研究生培养与住院医师规范化培训衔接改革试点单位,在长期的临床医学专业学位培养过程中,边改革边实践,逐渐形成了较为成熟的临床医学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系,取得了一定成效,积累了一些经验。本文就临床医学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系的改革与实践,谈谈本校的做法和经验。
油菜冬繁种植试验田的管理

育种单位采用北种南繁、南种北育进行异地种植,是加速世代进程行之有效的方法。我国油菜按照播种季节不同大体分为2类:冬油菜和春油菜。春油菜在原产地的冬季,因气候寒冷不能完成一个生长发育周期,而在冬油菜区的某些地区种植能正常成熟,春油菜冬季到冬油菜区种植称为冬繁或南繁,这样1年可种植2代,加速育种进程。异地种植的目的主要有2个:一是材料鉴定;二是材料加代。
水杨酸对金鱼草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了研究水杨酸(SA)对金鱼草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,设置5个不同浓度的SA处理(分别为20 mg/L、60 mg/L、100 mg/L、140 mg/L、180 mg/L)和1个清水处理(ck)。结果表明:各浓度的SA处理对金鱼草种子的萌发有促进作用,可以提高种子的发芽率和发芽势;各浓度处理均能显著降低植林的高度,增加根重和胚根长度及鲜重根冠比;增加根系法力、可溶性糖含量,提高过氧化物酵活性;SA对促进壮苗和提高抗性生理指标有进一步增强的作用。研究表明,处理4与ck相比,发芽率提高约18%,发芽势提高约48%,胚根长度增加约29%,幼苗植林高度降低约22%,幼苗植林的根冠比提高约31%,根系活力提高约62%,可溶性糖舍量提高约11%,过氧化物酵活性提高约24%。
不同药剂浸种处理对水稻幼苗恶苗病的防治效果研究

采用不同药剂浸种处理水稻种子,观察处理后种子发芽和幼苗生长情况,并结合田间成苗和恶苗病发生情况,分析并选择最佳的浸种药剂。结果表明,自制粉剂800倍液浸种处理可明显促进室内种子发芽和幼苗生长,对田间成苗无显著抑制作用,且可显著降低水稻幼苗田间恶苗病发病率,是最佳的防治水稻幼苗恶苗病的浸种处理方法。
胡枝子和紫穗槐包衣配方研究

在实验室内利用种子丸衣化技术处理2种林木种子,在土壤含水量较低的砂土上做萌发试验。试验结果表明,利用膨润土作填料的包衣配方,在干旱条件下萌发后能够提高丸衣化种子的发芽率。配方中含5%和2%保水剂的胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)和紫穗槐(Amorphafruticosa L.)种子发芽时间均比对照提前2 ~3d;配方中含5%保水剂的胡枝子和紫穗槐种子发芽率均高于对照,胡枝子最大增加34.33%,紫穗槐最大增加31%。配方中含5%保水剂和65%膨润土包衣种子发芽率最高。
上肢穿支皮瓣的临床应用

由于手外伤在临床常见,造成皮肤、肌腱、骨骼缺损的病例往往需要利用皮瓣来覆盖创面。上肢作为常用的手部皮瓣供区,可供带蒂转移和游离移植,具有与手部颜色相近、皮下组织较少、手术操作简单、麻醉方便的特点。上肢常用的穿支皮瓣有:臂内侧穿支皮瓣、臂外侧穿支皮瓣、骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣、尺动脉穿支皮瓣。下面就上肢各穿支皮瓣的解剖、适应证、手术方式和优点、缺点分别予以介绍。
四种游离皮瓣修复前足及足底软组织缺损

目的总结4种游离皮瓣修复前足及足底软组织缺损的疗效。方法2006年6月至2011年8月,对16例前足及足底软组织缺损的患者,应用4种游离皮瓣进行修复,其中7例股前外侧皮瓣,4例背阔肌皮瓣,3例脐旁皮瓣,2例髂腹股沟皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积11 cm×12 cm~14 cm×26 cm,供区采用刃厚皮片移植覆盖,观察治疗效果。结果16例皮瓣完全成活,无血管危象和感染发生,术后随访5 ~15个月,皮瓣质地好,能无痛负重行走,足底感觉部分恢复,足功能满意,皮瓣供区无功能障碍。结论游离皮瓣修复前足及足底软组织缺损疗效肯定,根据缺损情况选择适当的皮瓣能达到最佳治疗效果。
带肌腱尺动脉腕上皮支复合皮瓣修复手背复合组织缺损

目的探讨采用带肌腱的尺动脉腕上皮支复合皮瓣修复手背复合组织缺损的方法和疗效。方法2008年1月至2011年12月,采用带肌腱的尺动脉腕上皮支复合皮瓣修复69例手背复合组织缺损的病例,进行手术回顾和疗效随访。结果69例术后随访12 ~ 24个月,手背移植复合组织均存活,无肌腱再断裂,无皮肤缺血坏死,轻度肌腱粘连13例,对比腱侧肌腱张力下降6例,经过理疗及功能锻炼,能恢复正常伸屈功能。结论确保复合皮瓣肌腱及皮肤血运,恢复缺损肌腱连续,是治疗手背复合组织缺损伤重建伸指功能的关键,以带肌腱的尺动脉腕上皮支复合皮瓣移植可显著提高手背复合组织缺损伤愈合率及功能重建,疗效满意。
腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管双供血皮瓣修复小腿及足踝大面积复合组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法2006年1月至2013年2月,供收治小腿、足踝部大面积复合组织缺损患者26例。缺损范围16 cm × 8 cm~21 cm × 13 cm,骨外露范围3 cm × 2 cm ~ 10 cm × 8 cm。其中合并神经损伤的6例,合并血管损伤的9例,全部病例均合并骨折。经多普勒血流仪探查后,设计以腓动脉穿支为旋转点、同时保留腓动脉穿支及腓肠神经营养血管双供血的岛状皮瓣修复。结果临床应用26例,皮瓣面积为17 cm × 9 cm ~ 22 cm × 13 cm。皮瓣供区位于胭窝上缘至小腿中、下段。术后25例皮瓣完全成活,1例皮瓣远端少许坏死,清创换药后自行愈合。所有病例均获随访,随访时间3 ~24个月,平均10个月,全部病例皮瓣色泽、血运、质地良好,无破溃。随诊8个月以上18例,15例骨折愈合良好,3例骨缺损病例需二期植骨,踝关节均有主动屈、伸活动。结论腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管双供血皮瓣不破坏腓动脉主干,同时保留了腓动脉穿支及腓肠神经营养血管双重供血来源,保证了皮瓣血液循环,是修复小腿及足踝部复合组织缺损的可靠方法。
呼吸机相关酸碱平衡的发病机制及处理对策

众所周知,呼吸机使用得当有助于改善通气,纠正缺氧和二氧化碳潴留,是临床上用于抢救和治疗各种原因引起呼吸衰竭的重要工具。氧气和二氧化碳均是重要的血液气体,与机体酸碱平衡密切相关。因此,呼吸机在改善肺通气的同时,亦对机体酸碱平衡产生影响,其发生机制与多种因素相关,如基础疾病及呼吸机参数的调节等。了解机械通气对酸碱平衡的影响及其机制有助于更好地解读血气结果的变化并采取相应的处理策略。