mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Geographic Variation of Rice Yield Response to Past Climate Change in China

Previous studies demonstrated climate change had reduced rice yield in China, but the magnitude of the reduction and the spatial variations of the impact have remained in controversy to date. Based on a gridded daily weather dataset, we found there were obvious changes in temperatures, diurnal temperature range, and radiation during the rice-growing season from 1961 to 2010 in China. These changes resulted in a signiifcant decline of simulated national rice yield (simulated with CERES-Rice), with a magnitude of 11.5%. However, changes in growing-season radiation and diurnal temperature range, not growing-season temperatures, contributed most to the simulated yield reduction, which conifrmed previous estimates by empirical studies. Yield responses to changes of the climatic variables varied across different rice production areas. In rice production areas with the mean growing-season temperature at 12-14℃ and above 20℃, a 1℃ growing-season warming decreased rice yield by roughly 4%. This decrease was partly attributed to increased heat stresses and shorter growth period under the warmer climate. In some rice areas of the southern China and the Yangtze River Basin where the rice growing-season temperature was greater than 20℃, decrease in the growing-season radiation partly interpreted the widespread yield decline of the simulation, suggesting the signiifcant negative contribution of recent global dimming on rice production in China’s main rice areas. Whereas in the northern rice production areas with relatively low growing-season temperature, decrease of the diurnal temperature range was identiifed as the main climatic contributor for the decline of simulated rice yield, with larger decreasing magnitude under cooler areas.
Interpretation of Climate Change and Agricultural Adaptations by Local Household Farmers:a Case Study at Bin County, Northeast China

Although climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations have been studied extensively, how smallholder farmers perceive climate change and adapt their agricultural activities is poorly understood. Survey-based data (presents farmers’ personal perceptions and adaptations to climate change) associated with external biophysical-socioeconomic data (presents real-world climate change) were used to develop a farmer-centered framework to explore climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations at a local level. A case study at Bin County (1980s-2010s), Northeast China, suggested that increased annual average temperature (0.6℃ per decade) and decreased annual precipitation (46 mm per decade, both from meteorological datasets) were correctly perceived by 76 and 66.9%, respectively, of farmers from the survey, and that a longer growing season was conifrmed by 70%of them. These reasonably correct perceptions enabled local farmers to make appropriate adaptations to cope with climate change:Longer season alternative varieties were found for maize and rice, which led to a signiifcant yield increase for both crops. The longer season also affected crop choice:More farmers selected maize instead of soybean, as implicated from survey results by a large increase in the maize growing area. Comparing warming-related factors, we found that precipitation and agricultural disasters were the least likely causes for farmers’ agricultural decisions. As a result, crop and variety selection, rather than disaster prevention and infrastructure improvement, was the most common ways for farmers to adapt to the notable warming trend in the study region.
Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Yield in China From 1961 to 2010 Based on Provincial Data

The impacts of climate change on rice yield in China from 1961 to 2010 were studied in this paper, based on the provincial data, in order to develop scientiifc countermeasures. The results indicated that increase of average temperature improved single cropping rice production on national level by up to 11%relative to the average over the study period, however, it resulted in an overall loss of double cropping rice by up to 1.9%. The decrease of diurnal temperature range (DTR) in the major producing regions caused the decrease by up to 3.0%for single cropping rice production and 2.0%for double cropping rice production. Moreover, the contribution of precipitation change reached about 6.2%for single cropping rice production, but no signiifcant effect for double cropping rice production in recent 50 years.
Nucleation of GaSb on GaAs (001) by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

The initial growth stage of GaSb on GaAs (001) by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is investigated. The dependence of the nucleation on growth temperature, growth pressure, and vapor V/III ratio is studied by means of atomic force microscopy. The nucleation characteristics include the island density, size, and size uniformity distribution. The nucleation mechanism is discussed by the effects of growth temperature, growth pressure, and vapor V/III ratio on the density, size, and size uniformity of GaSb islands. With the growth temperature increasing from 500 °C to 610 °C and the growth pressure increasing from 50 mbar to 1000 mbar (1 mbar = 10~5 Pa), the island density first increases and then decreases; with the V/III ratio increasing from 0.5 to 3, the trend is contrary.
Effect of Intercritical Annealing Time on the Microstructures and Tensile Properties of a High Strength TRIP Steel

A new Mn-Si-Al-Mo-Nb transformation-induced plasticity steel was annealed by intercritical annealing for different durations to investigate the partitioning of C element and the volume fraction change of the microstructural constituents. Direct experimental evidence confirms the partitioning of C elements in different phases during heat treatment by Electron probe microanalysis and X ray diffraction. The distribution of the precipitates was investigated as well. It was revealed that the microstructures and mechanical properties of the investigated steels were affected by the intercritical annealing time. According to the present experiment, the volume fraction of retained austenite and the product of tensile strength and total elongation of investigated steel decrease with increasing intercritical annealing time. It was observed that high tensile strength of 1,103 MPa, total elongation of 21.3%, and strength-ductility product of 23,493.9 MPa % could be successfully produced in this experimental steel at intercritical annealing temperature of 830 ℃, holding for 1 min, and isothermal bainite treatment of 440 ℃ for 5 min holding time.
Dynamic Mechanical Relaxation in Bulk Metallic Glasses: A Review

Metallic glasses have aroused considerable interest in the past decades because they exhibit fascinating properties. First, this article briefly outlines the mechanical, thermal properties and application of the metallic glasses. In addition, we focus on the dynamic mechanical relaxation behaviors, i.e. main (α) and secondary (β) relaxations, in metallic glasses. The mechanical relaxation behaviors are connected to the mechanical properties and physical properties in glassy materials. The main relaxation in glassy materials is related to the glass transition phenomenon and viscous flow. On the other hand, the β relaxation is linked to many fundamental issues in metallic glasses. In these materials relaxation processes are directly related to the plastic deformation mechanism. The mechanical relaxations, particularly, the β relaxation provides an excellent opportunity to design metallic glasses with desired physical and mechanical properties. We demonstrate the universal characteristics of main relaxation in metallic glasses. The phenomenological models and the physical theories are introduced to describe the main relaxation in metallic glasses. In parallel, we show the dependence of the α and β relaxations on the thermal treatments in metallic glasses. Finally, we analyze the correlation between the atomic mobility and the thermo-mechanical treatments in metallic glasses. On the one hand, the atomic mobility in metallic glasses is reduced by physical aging or crystallization. On the other hand, the atomic mobility in metallic glass is enhanced by deformation (i.e. compression and cold rolling). Importantly, to analyze the atomic mobility in amorphous materials, a physical theory is introduced. This model invokes the concept of quasi-point defects, which correspond to the density fluctuations in the glassy materials.
High-energy ion treatments of amorphous As_(40)Se_(60) thin films for optical applications

The treatment of 100 MeV Ag swift-heavy ion (SHI) irradiation with five different fluences (3 × 10~(10), 1 × 10~(11), 3 × 10~(11), 1 × 10~(12), and 3 × 10~(12) ions/cm~2) was used to design optical and structural properties of amorphous (a-) As_(40)Se_(60) chalcogenide thin films. Swanepoel method was applied on transmission measurements to determine the changes in optical bandgap, Tauc parameter and linear optical parameters, i.e., linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient and linear refractive index. Dispersion of the material was determined by Wemple-DiDomenico relation. Changes in nonlinear optical parameters of third-order optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index were determined using semi-empirical relations. Changes in surface morphology of the films were investigated using SEM observation, which indicated that fluence 3 × 10~(12) ions/cm~2 was upper threshold limit for these films for ion treatment. It is observed that optical bandgap reduces from 1.76 eV to 1.64 eV, and nonlinear refractive index increases from 1.31 × 10~(-10) [esu] to 1.74 × 10~(-10) [esu]. Linear refractive index initially increases from 2.80 to 3.52 (for fluence 3 × 10~(10) ions/cm~2) and then keeps decreasing. The observed changes in optical properties upon irradiation were explained in terms of structural rearrangements by Raman measurement. The study was compiled with the previous literature to propose SHI as an effective optical engineering technique to achieve desired changes according to the need of optical/photonic applications.
自动分区坐标转换算法及其软件实现

针对基于CORS 的大区域整体测量与坐标分区域转换之间的矛盾,提出自动分区坐标转换方法,并研制了应用软件,实现了批量坐标数据的自动分区转换。测试结果表明,该软件可以提高大区域坐标分区转换的效率和可靠性,实用性强。
数字城市地理空间框架建设前分析要点探讨

地理空间框架是空间信息基础设施的重要组成部分,是经济社会信息化发展的基础平台。“十一五”期间,国家测绘地理信息局为全面推进数字中国地理空间框架建设,形成信息化测绘技术体系,立项开展了数字城市地理空间框架建设项目。在建设数字城市地理空间框架前,必要的分析工作必不可少,这关系到整个框架建设的整体质量。本文就数字城市地理空间框架建设前需进行的分析要点进行了探讨,从框架建设本身的分析、需求分析、现状分析,以及保障情况分析等方面对数字城市地理空间框架建设前需进行的分析工作进行总结,并提出分析要点及需要注意的问题。
国内外空间信息基础设施建设进展及其应用中的启示

通过广泛调查研究国际和国内(国家)空间信息基础设施(NSII)建设及空间信息综合应用方面所取得的成功经验和教训,分析并提出空间信息基础设施发展进程中的问题、各国NSII 发展历程给我们的启发,以及我国NSII 发展战略中的一些思考,建议应积极推进“数字中国”——综合性的国家地理空间信息战略,特别是抓紧包括地理空间信息共享机制与共享平台等在内的设计与研究工作,旨在为我国及地方在空间信息基础设施建设及发展规划方面提供借鉴和参考。
Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores (LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/ mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).
Effect of manganese sulfide on the precipitation behavior of tin in steel

Tramp elements such as tin are considered harmful to steel because of hot brittleness they induce at high temperatures. Because tramp elements retained in steel scrap will be enriched in new steel due to the difficultly of their removal, studies on the precipitation behavior of tin are essential. In this study, the effects of different inclusions on the precipitation behavior of tin in steel were studied. The results show that the tin-rich phase precipitates at austenite grain boundaries in an Fe–5%Sn alloy without MnS precipitates, whereas Sn precipitates at the boundaries of MnS inclusions in steel that contains MnS precipitates. MnS is more effective than silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide as a nucleation site for the precipitation of the tin phase, which is consistent with the disregistry between the lattice parameters of the tin phase and those of the inclusions.
Relative roles of resuspended particles and pore water in release of contaminants from sediment

Sediment layers containing contaminants play a significant role in environmental hydrodynamics. Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the relative roles of resuspended particles and pore water under different flow and sediment conditions. A conservative tracer (NaCl) and a reactive tracer (phosphate) were used as contaminants in the bottom sediment in a laboratory flume. The mixing between the overlying water and pore water occurred over a short time while the desorption of contaminants from fine-grained resuspended particles lasted a relatively long time. The effects of resuspended particles and pore water on the variations of release flux and concentration of contaminants in water with time under different hydrodynamic conditions were quantified. The results show that pore water dominated the initial release flux, which could be several orders of magnitude greater than the flux due to molecular diffusion. Flux contribution of desorption from sediment particles in the latter release could be equal to what was seen from pore water in the initial stage.
全覆膜金属支架治疗内镜乳头括约肌切开术后出血的疗效

EST是ERCP检查中常用的诊断与治疗操作,EST术后乳头切缘出血发生率为2%~9%。内镜下止血是其首选治疗方案。如内镜下治疗不能控制出血,则需行动脉栓塞和外科开腹手术治疗,增加了患者创伤和经济负担。目前临床上常用的内镜下控制EST术后出血的方法是金属夹夹闭出血灶和黏膜下注射肾上腺素。但这两种治疗方法均难以控制EST术后活动性出血,因此,临床上需要更简便有效的内镜下止血措施。近年来,笔者应用全覆膜自膨式金属支架(full covered self-expandable metal stents,FCSEMS)控制EST术后出血,取得了一定的效果。本研究回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年2月成都军区总医院应用FCSEMS治疗4例EST术后出血患者的临床资料,探讨EST术后出血治疗的新方法。
Characteristics of structural loess strength and preliminary framework for joint strength formula

The strength of structural loess consists of the shear strength and tensile strength. In this study, the stress path, the failure envelope of principal stress (K_f line), and the strength failure envelope of structurally intact loess and remolded loess were analyzed through three kinds of tests: the tensile strength test, the uniaxial compressive strength test, and the conventional triaxial shear strength test. Then, in order to describe the tensile strength and shear strength of structural loess comprehensively and reasonably, a joint strength formula for structural loess was established. This formula comprehensively considers tensile and shear properties. Studies have shown that the tensile strength exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing water content. When the water content is constant, the tensile strength of the structurally intact soil is greater than that of remolded soil. In the studies, no loss of the originally cured cohesion in the structurally intact soil samples was observed, given that the soil samples did not experience loading disturbance during the uniaxial compressive strength test, meaning there is a high initial structural strength. The results of the conventional triaxial shear strength test show that the water content is correlated with the strength of the structural loess. When the water content is low, the structural properties are strong, and when the water content is high, the structural properties are weak, which means that the water content and the ambient pressure have significant effects on the stress-strain relationship of structural loess. The established joint strength formula of structural loess effectively avoids overestimating the role of soil tensile strength in the traditional theory of Mohr-Coulomb strength.
Impact of water and sediment discharges on subaqueous delta evolution in Yangtze Estuary from 1950 to 2010

In order to determine how the subaqueous delta evolution depends on the water and sediment processes in the Yangtze Estuary, the amounts of water and sediment discharged into the estuary were studied. The results show that, during the period from 1950 to 2010, there was no significant change in the annual water discharge, and the multi-annual mean water discharge increased in dry seasons and decreased in flood seasons. However, the annual sediment discharge and the multi-annual mean sediment discharge in flood and dry seasons took on a decreasing trend, and the intra-annual distribution of water and sediment discharges tended to be uniform. The evolution process from deposition to erosion occurred at the -10 m and -20 m isobaths of the subaqueous delta. The enhanced annual water and sediment discharges had a silting-up effect on the delta, and the effect of sediment was greater than that of water. Based on data analysis, empirical curves were built to present the relationships between the water and sediment discharges over a year or in dry and flood seasons and the erosion/deposition rates in typical regions of the subaqueous delta, whose evolution followed the pattern of silting in flood seasons and scouring in dry seasons. Notably, the Three Gorges Dam has changed the distribution processes of water and sediment discharges, and the dam's regulating and reserving functions can benefit the subaqueous delta deposition when the annual water and sediment discharges are not affected.
炎症因子和应激因素在高血压左心室肥厚发生中的作用

高血压左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)是高血压的主要并发症之一,LVH早期具有一定的代偿作用,有利于保持正常心输出量,但LVH本身是心血管事件的独立危险因素。伴LVH高血压患者心力衰竭等心血管事件发生率是不伴LVH高血压患者的6~10倍。高血压LVH在细胞本质上主要表现为心肌细胞肥大、由收缩表型(成人型)向合成表型(胚胎型)转变,心脏间质细胞[主要为心脏成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts, CFs)]出现细胞增殖、胶原合成增加,导致心脏间质重构。
Standards of Ecological Compensation for Traditional Eco-agriculture: Taking Rice-Fish System in Hani Terrace as an Example

Traditional eco-agriculture provides many ecosystem services which are important for the local environment, especially in mountain areas. In order to encourage the farmers to engage in eco-agriculture, it is necessary to establish an eco-compensation mechanism for them. As the compensation standard is one of key issues in establishing eco-compensation mechanism, this paper calculated the standard based on the farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) and the input-output analysis of eco-compensation. We took the traditional rice-fish eco-agriculture as the research object, conducting field surveys in Hani Terrace of Honghe County. Through the questionnaires in 2011, we obtained the farmers’ willingness to accept government compensation and market compensation. Then, the research evaluated the output of eco-compensation, the economic value of rice-fish paddy ecosystem services. Finally, under different market compensation standards, we compared the input and output of government compensation. The results show that, in 2011 the government should to pay farmers 7462 yuan?ha~(–1)?a~(-1) to meet their willingness, but the output (ecological benefit) was only 7393 yuan?ha~(–1)?a~(-1). However, when the rice price increases 1 yuan?kg~(-1) because of the limited use of chemicals in the next year, the government just has to pay farmers 4062 yuan?ha~(–1)?a~(-1) and the surplus will be 3331 yuan?ha~(–1)?a~(-1).
Simulating Alpine Vegetation Net Primary Productivity by Remote Sensing in Qinghai Province, China

Primary productivity of ecosystem is important indicator about ecological assessment. Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor net primary productivity (NPP) of ecological system for several years. In this paper, the remotely sensed NPP simulation model of alpine vegetation in Qinghai Province of Tibet Plateau was set up based on the theory of light use efficiency. Firstly a new approach based on mixed pixels and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm were used to correct simulated NPP values derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Finally, spatial distribution and monthly variation characteristics of NPP in Qinghai Province in 2006 were analyzed in detail. The result showed that NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Province in 2006 ranged from 0 to 422 gC/m~2/a and the average NPP was 151 gC/m~2/a. NPP gradually increased from northwest to southeast. NPP of different vegetation types were obviously different. The average NPP of broad-leaved forest was the largest (314 gC/m~2/a), and sparse shrub was the smallest (101 gC/m~2/a). NPP in Qinghai Province significantly changed with seasonal variation. The accumulation of NPP was primarily in the period (from April to September) with better moist and heat conditions. In July, the average NPP of vegetation reached the maximum value (43 gC/m~2). In our model, the advantage of traditional LUE models was adopted, and our study fully considered typical characteristics of alpine vegetation light use efficiency and environmental factors in the study area. Alpine vegetation is the most important ecological resource of Tibet Plateau, exactly monitoring its NPP value by remote sensing is an effective protection measure.
Temporal Variations in Carbon Stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent Forests of Himachal Pradesh, India

The present study was conducted in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh covering an area of about 57,158 ha. The aim was to estimate and assess the temporal change in carbon stock of the Chil Working Circle, in two forest ranges of the Division, Solan and Dharampur, over the period of 1956-2011. The inventory data of the working plans of Solan Forest Division from 1956-1957, 1984-1985 and 2002-2003 were used in the present study while field data for biomass estimation was collected for the year 2011. The results showed a declining trend in carbon stock over 1956-1984 period, however, an increasing trend over 1984-2002 was observed, which showed a further increase for the period 2002-2011. These fluctuating trends in the forest carbon stock can be related to increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests and the subsequent introduction of a ban on green felling envisaging efficient forest management, both of which affect the forest carbon pool significantly.
Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Using Set Pair Analysis Models: Take Beichuan County as an Example

Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) and modified Set Pair Analysis (mSPA), were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A case study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county, Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases, namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with xi. Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard.