mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Preface to special topic on quantum computing

At the beginning of the 1980s, quantum computing was born to noble parents—Quantum Mechanics and Computer Science, two of the greatest intellectual triumphs of the twentieth century—with Richard Feynman and David Deutsch among its midwives. Theoretical research over the last 40 years revealed that quantum computers can outperform current computers in a number of important computational tasks, particularly given the discovery of several celebrated quantum algorithms, such as Shor's for factoring, Grover's for searching, quantum simulation and HHL (Aram Harrow-Avinatan Hassidim-Seth Lloyd) for systems of linear equations. This research also foreshadows several promising application areas, including the simulation of quantum chemistry, security and privacy, and machine learning. With the expectation that quantum computers will be able to solve problems of significant economic and societal importance that are intractable by current computers, governments and industries around the globe have been heavily investing in building practical quantum computing hardware and software over the last 10 years. In particular, it is anticipated that ‘quantum supremacy' will be achieved by NISQ (Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum) devices in the near future. At this pivotal time—the dawn of the quantum computing era—we invite leading experts to review several selected quantum computing topics, with a special hope that these articles will encourage new-generation researchers to enter this exciting field. These topics will by no means give a full picture of the field, however, due to the limited number of papers allowed in this special issue.
The assessment of water-borne erosion at catchment level using GIS-based RUSLE and remote sensing:A review

Soil erosion is a direct product of the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic factors.Such factors vary over space and time,making the assessment of soil erosion even more difficult.Empirical erosion models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) provides a rather simple and yet comprehensive framework for assessing soil erosion and its causative factors.RUSLE considers rainfall (R),topography (LS),soil erodibility (K),cover management (C),and support practice (P) as important factors affecting soil erosion.In the past few years,RUSLE has benefited tremendously from advances in geospatial technologies like Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing.In this paper,an overview of recent developments on the use of these geospatial technologies in deriving individual RUSLE factors is provided,placing an emphasis on related successes and challenges.This review is expected to improve the understanding of the role played by such technologies in deriving RUSLE parameters despite existing challenges.Future research,however,must pay special attention to error assessment of remote sensing-derived RUSLE parameters.
A general aerosol-assisted biosynthesis of functional bulk nanocomposites

Although a variety of nanoparticles with better-than-bulk material performances can be synthesized, it remains a challenge to scale the extraordinary properties of individual nanoscale units to the macroscopic level for bulk nanostructured materials. Here, we report a general and scalable biosynthesis strategy that involves simultaneous growth of cellulose nanofibrils through microbial fermentation and co-deposition of various kinds of nanoscale building blocks (NBBs) through aerosol feeding on solid culture substrates. We employ this biosynthesis strategy to assemble a wide range of NBBs into cellulose nanofibril-based bulk nanocomposites. In particular, the biosynthesized carbon nanotubes/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites that consist of integrated 3D cellulose nanofibril networks simultaneously achieve an extremely high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, and thus exhibit outstanding performance as high-strength lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding materials. The biosynthesis approach represents a general and efficient strategy for large-scale production of functional bulk nanocomposites with enhanced performances for practical applications. Industrial-scale production of these bulk nanocomposite materials for practical applications can be expected in the near future.
Activated carbon fibers with manganese dioxide coating for flexible fiber supercapacitors with high capacitive performance

Fiber supercapacitor (FSC) is a promising power source for wearable/stretchable electronics and high capacitive performance of FSCs is highly desirable for practice flexible applications. Here, we report a composite of manganese dioxide (MnO_2) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with high MnO_2 mass loading and microporous structure (abbreviated as MnO_2@ACF), which is used as a fiber electrode to produce a FSC with a high capacitive performance and a good flexibility. The MnO_2@ACF composite electrode in FSCs delivers an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 410 mF/cm~2 at 0.1mA/cm~2, corresponding to a high energy density of 36 μWh/cm~2 and high power density of 726 μW/cm~2. Such high capacitive performance and simple fabrication method indicates that the MnO_2@ACF composite is a very promising electrode material for flexible fiber supercapacitors.
Well-aligned NiPt alloy counter electrodes for high-effciency dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Development of cost-effective and robust counter electrodes (CEs) is a persistent objective for highefficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To achieve this goal, we present here the hydrothermal synthesis of well-aligned NiPt alloy CEs, which is templated by ZnO nanowires and nanosheets. The preliminary results demonstrate that NiPt alloy electrodes are featured by increased charge-transfer processes and electrocatalytic activity in comparison with expensive Pt CE, yielding power conversion efficiencies of 8.29% and 7.41% in corresponding DSSCs with NiPt nanowire and nanosheet alloy CEs, respectively. Additionally, the NiPt alloy CEs also display extraordinary dissolution-resistant ability when suffering longterm utilization in liquid-junction DSSCs.
Electrochemical engineering approach of high performance solid-state flexible supercapacitor device based on chemically synthesized VS_2 nanoregime structure

Portable and furnished electronics appliances demand power efficient energy storage devices where electrochemical supercapacitors gain much more attention. In this concern, a simple, low-cost and industry scalable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) approach has been adopted to deposit nanostructured VS_2 onto flexible and light-weight stainless steel (SS) substrate towards supercapacitor application. The nanocrystalline nature with hexagonal crystal structure has been confirmed for VS_2 through structural analysis. The VS_2 electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 349 F g~(–1) with a super stable behavior in three-electrode liquid-state configuration. Fabricated flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) device using gel electrolyte yields specific power of 1.5 kW kg~(–1) (specific energy of 25.9 Wh kg~(–1)) with a widen voltage window of 1.6 V. A red LED has been glown for 30 s using the system consisted of two devices in series combination. Furthermore, the system glows a combination of 21 red LEDs network with acronym ‘VNIT', demonstrating commercial exposure. The attribution of device demonstration even under mechanical stress holds great promise towards advanced flexible electronics application.
Dissolution and recrystallization of perovskite induced by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in a closed steam annealing method

High quality perovskite films with large columnar grains are greatly desired for efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, low volatility N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added in MAI/IPA solution in a two-step spin-coating method, which promoted the conversion of lead iodide to perovskite. The perovskite films were annealed by a closed-steam annealing method to prolong the recrystallization process of perovskite films assisted by the residual NMP. It leaded to high quality CH_3NH_3PbI_3 perovskite films with large columnar grains due to its enhancement of the Oswald ripening. The large grain perovskite film leaded to efficient carrier transformation and injection, and low recombination. The photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells was improved significantly.
Naphthalene-modulated microporous carbon layers of LiFePO_4 improve the high-rate electrochemical performance

Carbon layers with microporous structures fine-modulated by naphthalene (NAP) were prepared to coat on LiFePO_4, aiming to enhance the Li~+ diffusion coefficient for Li-ion batteries. Characterized by BET, XRD, TEM, EIS, etc., it is indicated that in the presence of NAP, the carbon-coated LiFePO_4/C-NAP composites have the enlarged micropore size of 1.66 nm and the enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient of 2.83×10~(-12) cm~2 s~(-1), which is about five times higher than that of LiFePO_4/C prepared in the absence of NAP. At a high rate of 20 C, the discharge capacity of the LiFePO_4/C-NAP is up to 120.1 mA h g~(-1) and maintains a good retention rate of 93.2% after 400 cycles. It is suggested that the NAP-modulated carbon coating is a promising route to accelerate the Li-ion diffusion rate and enhance the electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries.
Multiple active components synergistically driven heteroatom-doped porous carbon as high-performance counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

A facile template-free in situ self-activation approach for the multiple active components synergistically driven porous carbon was presented via a feasible annealing process. The biomass-derived carbon without additional activation reagents was fabricated using K-rich pomelo peel (PP) as the carbon source, which possesses a high electric conductivity where abundant functional hetero-metal atoms are doped into the carbon framework that playing the role of catalytic graphitization. The K~+ that exists within the biomass can induce self-activation during pyrolysis apart from the activating gases during the pyrolysis process. The resulting electrocatalyst of PP-850 (PP was pyrolyzed at 850 °C in an N_2 atmosphere) with abundant heteroatoms possesses a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.81 %as the counter electrode (CE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) compared with the CEs calcinated at other temperatures and a similar PCE with Pt counterpart (8.24%) based on the liquid I_3 ~–/I~– electrolyte. The better electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between self-activation and the co-doping of nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus all together in a carbon matrix. Due to the feasibility of large-scale production, rich heteroatom doping, the PP-derived carbon, which simplifies the procedure and decreases the cost, has a potential application for an alternative electrocatalyst for high-performance photovoltaic devices.
2D titanium carbide (MXene) electrodes with lower-F surface for high performance lithium-ion batteries

MXene has shown distinctive advantages as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. However, local surface chemistry, which was confirmed that can block ion transfer and limit redox reaction, has a significant effect on electrochemical performance. Herein, annealing MXene under hydrogen was employed for removing –F and turning –OH to –O terminations. We demonstrate that it improves the kinetics of Li-ion transport between the electrolyte and electrode. As a result, a lower interfacial charge transfer impedance was obtained. The electrochemical measurement exhibited that a nearly 2-fold increase of specific capacity was achieved for the annealed MXene.
Choice for graphene as conductive additive for cathode of lithium-ion batteries

Graphene is a promising conductive additive for the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and shows great potential especially with its fast development of the large scale fabrication technology. This work has explored the influence of the incorporation of graphenes prepared by three typical methods on the electrochemical performance of the LiCoO_2-based cathode focusing on the choice for the effective graphene as conductive additive for the cathode of LIBs. Through the comparison of the intrinsic characteristics of graphenes and the electrochemical performance of electrodes with graphene, it is found that graphene with low disorder degree and large size is not suitable for LiCoO_2 cathodes as conductive additive. Conversely, the graphene with oxygen functional groups, relatively low surface area and proper size displays much better electrochemical performance when it is used as conductive additive. This work also demonstrates the transmission mechanism for different graphenes as conductive additives in the LiCoO_2 materials, and further reveals that the conductivity of graphene is not the only factor as conductive additives, surface chemistry and sheet size of the graphene are also essential factors which greatly influence the electrochemical performance of electrode. In addition, when combined with Super P, only 1% graphene is enough to construct an efficient conductive network in the electrode. This study also gives a new sight on the practical application of graphene as conductive additive for high performance LIBs.
Synthesis of Ti_2CT_x MXene as electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitor with capable volumetric capacitance

Two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, MXene, present the promising application for the energy storage system. Among the MXene family, Ti_2CT_x as the lightest material, shows its unique electrochemical performance. Herein, Ti_2CT_x is synthesized by selective etching Al layer from the Ti2AlC. With the optimized HF treating condition, Ti_2CT_x displays high volumetric capacitance and remarkable rate ability. Moreover, the Ti_2CT_x//Ti_2CT_x symmetric supercapacitor is designed and assembled, which presents capable capacitance, outstanding rate performance and excellent cycling performance. The remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to its 2D structure and high electronic conductivity. This work demonstrates the potential application of the Ti_2CT_x for the supercapacitors and provides a template to design highperformance supercapacitors with 2D electrode materials.
Thickness evolution of graphite-based cathodes in the dual ion batteries via in operando optical observation

Graphite has been currently considered as a promising cathode material in dual ion batteries (DIBs) due to its unique features of sp~2 hybridized carbon and stacked two-dimensional layered structures. However, unexpected volume/thickness changes in the graphite cathodes, induced by the intercalation/deintercalation of anions with large molecular size have been known to be a critical problem in designing DIB cells. To understand the volume/thickness changes in the DIB electrodes, in operando optical observing apparatus has been employed to observe the cross-section view of a graphite-based cathode upon cycles in the present work. The observation suggests that the cathode initially presented a huge irreversible thickness change (60%), and such thickness variation was prone to reduce and remain < 20 %in the following cycles. The results from both in operando observation and electrochemical characterizations collectively indicate that the greater thickness variation at initial cycle should be attributed to both anion intercalation into graphite-based cathodes and irreversible decomposition of chemical components in the DIB system. The method here highlights a universal route for fundamentally understanding the electrodes of huge volume variation.
Re duce d graphene oxide supported Pd-Cu-Co trimetallic catalyst: synthesis, characterization and methanol electrooxidation properties

Trimetallic palladium-copper-cobalt nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (PdCuCo/RGO) with different molar ratios of Pd, Cu and Co can be synthesized by facile chemical reduction with NaBH 4 as reductant and cetrimonium bromide as stabilizer. The morphology, structure and composition of the as-synthesized catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry are utilized to investigate the electrochemical activities and stabilities of the as-obtained catalysts. The results demonstrate that the PdCuCo/RGO catalyst shows superior catalytic activity and stability for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media compared with PdCu/RGO, PdCo/RGO, and Pd/RGO catalysts. These findings suggest that the PdCuCo/RGO catalyst possesses a great potential as a promising anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.
In-situ growth of nanowire WO_(2.72) on carbon cloth as a binder-free electrode for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors with high performance

For the first time, WO_(2.72) nanowires were in-situ grown on carbon cloth by a simple solvothermal reaction. The nanowire WO_(2.72) /carbon cloth (NW WO_(2.72) /CC) electrode showed good electrochemical performance with specific capacitance (C s) reaching up to 398 F g ~(–1) at a current density of 2 A g ~(–1). The capacitance of 240 F g ~(–1) was retained at a high current density of 16 A g ~(–1). To further evaluate the energy storage performance, flexible asymmetric supercapacitors (FASCs) were fabricated using the activated carbon/carbon cloth (AC/CC) as negative electrode and NW WO_(2.72) /CC as positive electrode, respectively. The FASCs delivered a high energy density of 28 Wh kg ~(–1) at a power density of 745 W kg ~(–1) and 13 Wh kg ~(–1) even at a high power density of 22.5 kW kg ~(–1). More impressively, 81 %of the specific capacitance of the FASCs was retained after 10,0 0 0 cycles, indicating excellent cycle stability. This work indicates the NW WO_(2.72) /CC holds a great potential for application in energy storage devices.
A metal nitride interlayer for long life lithium sulfur batteries

With the growing concerns on global energy crisis and the greenhouse effect, the exploration on renewable energy and related emerging energy conversion and storage technologies are highly interested. Lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery system receives great attention for its high theoretical specific energy (2600 Wh/kg), which is deemed to be a promising candidate as next generation high energy density batteries. Yet, the practical application of the Li–S batteries is limited by the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) between cathode and anode. Among diverse strategies that devoted to suppress the shuttle effect, a functional interlayer between the cathode and separator has been proposed to sterically obstruct and chemically bind LiPSs, kinetically favoring LiPSs interconversion. For instance, He et al. employed an ultrathin interlayer composed of Li_4 Ti_5 O_(12) and carbon nanofiber to effectively retard shuttle of polysulfides. Simultaneously, the functional interlayer formed by the reduced graphene oxide and activated carbon is proposed by Zhang and coworkers can capture and reuse polysulfide species in Li–S batteries.
Selective hydrogenation of acetylene on SiO_2 -supported Ni-Ga alloy and intermetallic compound

Ni/SiO_2 and bimetallic Ni x Ga/SiO_2 catalysts with different Ni/Ga atomic ratios (x = 10 ~2) were investigated for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. It was found that Ni x Ga/SiO_2 showed higher selectivity to ethylene than Ni/SiO_2. This is attributed to the formation Ni-Ga alloy and Ni_3 Ga intermetallic compound (IMC) where there was a charge transfer from Ga to Ni, which is favorable for reducing the adsorption strength and amount of ethylene on Ni atoms. As a result, the over-hydrogenation, the C–C bond hydrogenolysis and the polymerization were suppressed, and subsequently the selectivity to ethylene was enhanced. With the decrease of Ni/Ga atomic ratio, the activity and stability of the Ni_x Ga/SiO_2 catalysts increased first and then decreased, while the ethylene selectivity tended to increase. Ni_5 Ga/SiO_2 exhibited the best performance. Under the conditions of 180 °C, 0.1 MPa, and a reactant (1.0 vol %acetylene, 5.0 vol %H_2 and 94 vol %N_2) with the space velocity of 36,0 0 0 mL h ~(–1) g ~(–1), the acetylene conversion maintained at 100 %on Ni_5 Ga/SiO_2 during 120 h time on stream and the selectivity to ethylene was 75 %~81 %after reaction for 68 h. It was also found that the formation of Ni-Ga alloy and Ni_3 Ga IMC suppressed the incorporation of carbon to form NiC_x, subsequently enhancing the catalyst stability. Additionally, with increasing the Ga content, the catalyst acid amount and strength tended to increase, which promoted the polymerization and carbon deposition and so the catalyst deactivation.
An energy approach to predict electromigration induced grain rotation under high current density

An energy approach is proposed to describe the electromigration induced grain rotation under high current density. The driving force is assumed to arise from the grain-boundary energy reduction and increase of the inner energy from the joule heating. Energy dissipates by the grain boundary diffusion under electromigration and viscous boundary sliding is considered. Based on the conservation of energy production and dissipation, an equilibrium equation is developed to predict the grain rotation rate analytically. It is recognized that the grain rotates with the reducing of electrical resistivity and inversely proportional to the grain length. The theoretical prediction is compared with the experimental data, which shows good accuracy on the rotation trend and the specific rotation rate.
Effects of outer rim of rotors on performance of turbodrills

Two turbine rotors with outer rim and without outer rim were designed to analyze the influence of outer rim of rotors on the performance of a turbodrill.Two 3D models of the turbine rotor with different structures were established by SolidWorks software.The numerical simulation analysis of the turbine with different rotor structures was carried out based on software of fluent and then the performance of them at different rotating speeds was obtained.The results show that the torque,pressure drop and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine rotor with outer rim are greater than that of the turbine rotor without outer rim.By comparing the turbine rotor with outer rim and without outer rim,its torque increases 20.1%,pressure drop increases 8.7% and hydraulic efficiency increases 10.4% at the maximum efficiency point.The related research is of guiding significance to further optimization of turbine rotor structure.
Determining relative block structure rating for rock erodibility evaluation in the case of non-orthogonal joint sets

The most commonly used method for assessing the hydraulic erodibility of rock is Annandale's method. This method is based on a correlation between the erosive force of flowing water and the capacity of rock resistance. This capacity is evaluated using Kirsten's index, which was initially developed to evaluate the excavatability of earth materials. For rocky material, this index is determined according to certain geomechanical factors related to intact rock and rock mass, such as compressive strength of intact rock, rock block size, discontinuity shear strength and relative block structure. To quantify the relative block structure, Kirsten(1982)developed a mathematical expression that accounts for the shape and orientation of the blocks relative to the direction of flow. Kirsten's initial concept for assessing the relative block structure considers that the geological formation is mainly fractured by two joint sets forming an orthogonally fractured system. An adjusted concept is proposed to determine the relative block structure when the fractured system is non-orthogonal where the angle between the planes of the two joint sets is greater or less than 90°. An analysis of the proposed relative block structure rating shows that considering a non-orthogonally fractured system has a significant effect on Kirsten's index and, as a consequence, on the assessment of the hydraulic erodibility of rock.