mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Degradation Diagnostics from the Subsurface of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Despite the long-established rocking-chair theory of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), developing novel characterization methodology with higher spatiotemporal resolution facilitates a better understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase studies to shape the reaction mechanisms. In this work, we develop a Xenon ion plasma focused ion beam (Xe+ PFIB)-based characterization technique to probe the cross-sectional interface of both ternary cathode and graphite anode electrodes, with the focus on revealing the chemical composition and distribution underneath the electrode surface by in-depth analysis of secondary ions. Particularly, the lithium fluoride is detected in the pristine cathode prior to contact with the electrolyte, reflecting that the electrode degradation is in the form of the loss of lithium inventory during electrode preparation. This degradation is related to the hydrolysis of the cathode material and the decomposition of the PVDF binder. Through the quantitative analysis of the transition-metal degradation products, manganese is found to be the dominant element in the newly formed inactive fluoride deposition on the cathode, while no transition metal signal can be found inside the anode electrode. These insights at high resolution implemented via a PFIB-based characterization technique not only enrich the understanding of the degradation mechanism in the LIBs but also identify and enable a high-sensitivity methodology to obtain the chemical survey at the subsurface, which will help remove the capacity-fade observed in most LIBs.
Fullerene-Intercalated Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but its insufficient interlayer spacing and poor electronic conductivity impede its sodium storage capacity and cycling stability. Herein, we report the fabrication of a fullerene (C_(60))-modified graphitic carbon nitride (C_(60)@CN) material which as an anode material for SIBs shows a high-reversible capacity (430.5 mA h g~(-1) at 0.05 A g~(-1), about 3 times higher than that of pristine g-CN), excellent rate capability (226.6 mA h g~(-1) at 1 A g~(-1)) and ultra-long cycle life (101.2 mA h g~(-1) after 5000 cycles at 5 A g~(-1)). Even at a high-active mass loading of 3.7 mg cm~(-2), a reversible capacity of 316.3 mA h g~(-1) can be obtained after 100 cycles. Such outstanding performance of C_(60)@CN is attributed to the C_(60) molecules distributed in the g-CN nanosheets, which enhance the electronic conductivity and prevent g-CN sheets from restacking, thus resulting in enlarged interlayer spacing and exposed edge N defects (pyridinic N and pyrrolic N) for sodium-ion storage. Furthermore, a sodium-ion full cell combining C_(60)@CN anode and NVPF@rGO cathode provides high-coulombic efficiency (>96.5%), exceptionally high-energy density (359.8 W h kg_(anode)~(-1) at power density of 105.1 W kg_(anode)~(-1)) and excellent cycling stability (89.2% capacity retention over 500 cycles at 1 A ganode -1). This work brings new insights into the field of carbon-based anode materials for SIBs.
Graphite Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries: Current Status and Perspective

With the increased demand from the storage of renewable energy sources, some safe and inexpensive energy storage technologies instead of Li-ion batteries become urgently needed. Therefore, K-ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted much attention and evolved significant development because of the low price, safety, and similar property compared with Li-ion batteries. Due to the high reversibility, stability, and low potential plateau, graphite becomes a current research focus and is regarded as one of the most promising KIB's anode materials. In this review, we mainly discuss the electrochemical reaction mechanism of graphite during potassiation-depotassiation process and analyze the effects of electrode/electrolyte interface on graphite for Kion storage. Besides, we summarize several kinds of methods to improve the performance of graphite for KIBs, including the design of graphite structure, selection of appropriate binder, solvent chemistry, and salt chemistry. Meanwhile, a concept of "relative energy density" is raised, which can be more accurate to evaluate the genuine electrochemical performance of graphite anode involving the specific capacity and potential. In addition, we also summarize the considerable challenges to current graphite anode in KIBs and we believe our work will offer alterative solutions to further explore high-performance graphite anode of K-ion storage.
The reservoir characteristics research of Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation, Northwest Sichuan Basin, SW China

A great breakthrough was achieved on the Middle Devonian's oil-gas exploration in the Longmenshan area in northwestern Sichuan. However, only the Guanwushan Formation was researched in detail. The underlying formation-Jinbaoshi Formation as a set of the potential well reservoir and its reservoir characteristics have not been discussed. Based on the section's fine description, thin section analysis, and core borehole logging, combined with petrophysical analysis, the reservoir characteristics, controlling factors, and evolution process of the Jinbaoshi Formation reservoir in the Longmenshan area are deeply studied in this paper. The results showed that the Jinbaoshi Formation has developed a set of sand-shale interbedding deposit of terrigenous clastic and carbonate rocks. The reservoir lithology is mainly quartz sandstone and calcareous quartz sandstone. The quartz sandstone reservoir has good physical properties, but the calcareous quartz sandstone has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity, low porosity, and permeability. Residual intergranular pores are mainly developed in the reservoir space. And the development of intercrystalline pores and intergranular dissolved pores can also be seen, but the development frequency is low, and the scale is small. Among them, the Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation quartz sandstone's average porosity is about 8%, and the highest is 18.43%. The main diagenesis types of the Jinbaoshi Formation are compaction, recrystalization, and dissolution. Compaction is the main reason for the destruction of original pores, and dissolution is the main driving force for later porosity and permeability improvement. Rock fragments, calcareous silty clasts, and bioclastic grains are the main dissolution objects. The formation of intergranular dissolved pores significantly improves the physical properties of the reservoir. Therefore, the reservoir development of the Jinbaoshi Formation is mainly controlled both by favourable sedimentary facies and diagenesis. Quartz sandstone and calcareous sandstone of the Jinbaoshi Formation were controlled by early sedimentary facies in the syngenetic rock stage and developed more early intergranular pores; in the early diagenesis stage, compaction-pressure solution and cementation resulted in residual intergranular pores. In the middle-late diagenesis stage, the calcareous cement is dissolved, and more pores were formed.
3D Printing of Next-generation Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: from Multiscale to Multimaterial

The increasing energy requirements to power the modern world has driven active research into more advanced electrochemical energy storage devices (EESD) with both high energy densities and power densities. Wide range of newly discovered materials with promising electrochemical properties has shown great potential for next-generation devices, but their performance is normally associated with contradicting demands of thin electrodes and high mass loading that can be hardly achieved for practical applications. Design of three-dimensional (3D) porous electrodes can increase the mass loading while maintaining the effective charge transport even with thick electrodes, which has proven to be efficient to overcome the limitations. 3D structures have also been demonstrated excellent structural stability to withstand strong strains and stresses generated during charge/discharge cycle. 3D printing, which can fabricate various delicate and complex structural designs, thus offering brand-new opportunities for the rational design and facile construction of next-generation EESDs. The recent developments in 3D printing of next-generation EESDs with high performance are reviewed. Advanced/multiscale electrode structures, such as hierarchically porous structure that can be constructed via high-resolution 3D printing or with post-treatment, are further emphasized. The ability of current 3D printing techniques to fulfill multimaterial printing to fulfill simple packaging will be covered.
Mapping soil nutrients via different covariates combinations: theory and an example from Morocco

Background: Mapping of soil nutrients using different covariates was carried out in northern Morocco. This study was undertaken in response to the region's urgent requirement for an updated soil map. It aimed to test various covariates combinations for predicting the variability in soil properties using ordinary kriging and kriging with external drift. Methods: A total of 1819 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-40 cm using the 1-km grid sampling method. Samples were screened for their pH, soil organic matter (SOM), potassium ( K_2O), and phosphorus ( P_2O_5) using standard laboratory protocols. Terrain attributes (T) computed using a 30-m resolution digital elevation model, bioclimatic data (C), and vegetation indices (V) were used as covariates in the study. Each targeted soil property was modeled using covariates separately and then combined (e.g., pH ~ T, pH ~ C, pH ~ V, and pH ~ T + C + V). k = tenfold cross-validation was applied to examine the performance of each employed model. The statistical parameter RMSE was used to determine the accuracy of different models. Results: The pH of the area is slightly above the neutral level with a corresponding 7.82% of SOM, 290.34 ppm of K_2O,and 100.86 ppm of P_2O_5. This was used for all the selected targeted soil properties. As a result, the studied soil properties showed a linear relationship with the selected covariates. pH, SOM, and K_2O presented a moderate spatial autocorrelation, while P_2O_5 revealed a strong autocorrelation. The cross-validation result revealed that soil pH (RMSE = 0.281) and SOM (RMSE = 9.505%) were best predicted by climatic variables. P_2O_5 (RMSE = 106.511 ppm) produced the best maps with climate, while K_2O (RMSE = 209.764 ppm) yielded the best map with terrain attributes. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a combination of too many environmental covariates might not provide the actual variability of a targeted soil property. This demonstrates that specific covariates with close relationships with certain soil properties might perform better than the compilation of different environmental covariates, introducing errors due to randomness. In brief, the approach of the present study is new and can be inspiring to decision-makers in the region and other world areas as well.
Shortwave Radiation Calculation for Forest Plots Using Airborne LiDAR Data and Computer Graphics

Forested environments feature a highly complex radiation regime, and solar radiation is hindered from penetrating into the forest by the 3D canopy structure; hence, canopy shortwave radiation varies spatiotemporally, seasonally, and meteorologically, making the radiant flux challenging to both measure and model. Here, we developed a synergetic method using airborne LiDAR data and computer graphics to model the forest canopy and calculate the radiant fluxes of three forest plots (conifer, broadleaf, and mixed). Directional incident solar beams were emitted according to the solar altitude and azimuth angles, and the forest canopy surface was decomposed into triangular elements. A ray tracing algorithm was utilized to simulate the propagation of reflected and transmitted beams within the forest canopy. Our method accurately modeled the solar radiant fluxes and demonstrated good agreement (R~2 ≥ 0:82) with the plot-scale results of hemispherical photo-based HPEval software and pyranometer measurements. The maximum incident radiant flux appeared in the conifer plot at noon on June 15 due to the largest solar altitude angle (81.21°) and dense clustering of tree crowns; the conifer plot also received the maximum reflected radiant flux (10.91-324.65 kW) due to the higher reflectance of coniferous trees and the better absorption of reflected solar beams. However, the broadleaf plot received more transmitted radiant flux (37.7-226.71 kW) for the trees in the shaded area due to the larger transmittance of broadleaf species. Our method can directly simulate the detailed plot-scale distribution of canopy radiation and is valuable for researching light-dependent biophysiological processes.
Glycogen accumulation drives hepatocarcinogenesis by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway

Recent advances highlight accelerated glucose metabolism as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells.Normal differentiated cells usually utilize the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glucose into carbon dioxide (CO_2) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).However,the cancer cell preferentially takes advantage of aerobic glycolysis to generate lactate and ATP to support the high energy demand for rapid cancer cell proliferation even in the presence of sufficient oxygen.1 This intriguing observationwas first reported by the German physiologist OttoWarburg,and thus,this process is termed "theWarburg effect".As a frequent cellular event in tumor cells,accelerated glucose metabolism can provide several metabolite precursors of macromolecule and remodel the tumor microenvironment by its metabolic end product lactate.As a unique characteristic of tumor cells,the enhanced aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells has been widely used to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells in the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDGPET/CT) medical examination.
Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China

Biodiversity has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It is critical to understand the different processes that govern community assembly and species coexistence under biogeographic processes and anthropogenic events. Pheasants (Aves: Phasianidae) are highly threatened birds and China supports the richest pheasant species worldwide. Unravelling the spatial patterns and underlying factors associated with multidimensional biodiversity of species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of pheasants in China is helpful to understand not only the processes that govern pheasant community assembly and species coexistence, but also pheasant biodiversity conservation. We used a total of 45 pheasant species in China and analyzed the SR, FD, PD, and functional and phylogenetic structures by integrating species distribution maps, functional traits and phylogenies based on 50 km×50 km grid cells. We further used simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models to explore the factors that determined these patterns. The southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), Hengduan Mountains, southwestern Mountains, the east of the Qilian Mountains, the Qinling, southern China displayed higher SR, FD, and PD, which were determined by elevation, habitat heterogeneity, temperature seasonality, and vegetation cover. Elevation primarily determined the functional and phylogenetic structures of the pheasant communities. Assemblages in the highlands were marked by functional and phylogenetic clustering, particularly in the QTP, whereas the lowlands in eastern China comprised community overdispersion. Clustered pheasant assemblages were composed of young lineages. Patterns of functional and phylogenetic structures and richness-controlled functional and phylogenetic diversity differed between regions, suggesting that phylogenetic structures are not a good proxy for identifying functional structures. We revealed the signi ficant role of elevation in pheasant community assemblages in China. Highlands interacted with community clustering, whereas lowlands interacted with overdispersion, supporting the environmental filtering hypothesis. Biogeographical drivers other than anthropogenic factor determined biodiversity of pheasants at the present scale of China. This study provides complementary background resources for multi-dimensional pheasant biodiversity and provides insights into avian biodiversity patterns in China.
The effect of EMG magnitude on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP)

Introduction:The masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) is a bilaterally generated,electromyographically (EMG)-mediated response innervated by the trigeminal nerve.The purpose of the present investigation was to 1) determine whether subjects could accurately achieve and maintain a range of EMG target levels,2) to examine the effects of varied EMG levels on the latencies and amplitudes of the mVEMP,and 3) to investigate the degree of side-to-side asymmetry and any effects of EMG activation.Methods:Subjects were nine neurologically and otologically normal young adults.A high-intensity tone burst was presented monaurally while subjects were seated upright and asked to match a range of EMG target levels by clenching their teeth.Recordings were made from the ipsilateral and contralateral masseter muscles referenced to the ear being monaurally stimulated.Results:We found that the tonic EMG target had no effect on mVEMP latency.Additionally,although mVEMP amplitudes "scaled" to the EMG target,there was a tendency for the subjects' EMG level to "undershoot" the EMG target levels greater than 50 μV.While some individuals did generate differences in EMG activation between sides,there were no significant differences on average EMG activation between sides.Further,while average corrected amplitude asymmetry was similar across EMG targets,some individuals demonstrated large,corrected amplitude asymmetry ratios.Conclusions:The results of this investigation suggest that,as with cVEMP recordings,the underlying EMG activation may vary between subjects and could impact mVEMP amplitudes,yet could be mitigated by amplitude correction techniques.Further it is important to be aware that even young normal subjects have difficulty maintaining large,tonic EMG activity during the mVEMP recording.
The association between radiological spreading pattern and clinical outcomes in necrotizing external otitis

Objectives: Necrotizing external otitis (NEO) is a rare infectious disease of the skull base. The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes of NEO can be correlated to different infectious spread patterns. Methods: Retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2019 with NEO patients, who were divided into two cohorts: single spreading patterns (group A) or complex spreading patterns (group B) as diagnosed by CT. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic and treatment delay, course of disease, complications, and duration of antibiotic exposure were retrospectively collected from patient records. Results: 41 NEO patients were included, of which 27 patients belonged to group A (66%). The diseaserelated mortality rate was 12.2% among the entire cohort, no differences were found between group A and B. Higher rates of N.VII (42.9% vs 14.8% P = 0.047) and N. IX palsies were found in group B compared to group A (28.6% vs 3.7%, P = 0.039). The median duration of antibiotic use was significantly different for a complex spreading pattern, clinical recovery and hospitalizations. Complications were associated with higher diagnostic delay and with a complex spread pattern. The median duration of follow-up was 12.0 (IQR 6.0e19.5) months. Conclusion: NEO is a severe disease, with significant mortality and morbidity (cranial nerve palsies). The radiological spread pattern may assist in predicting clinical outcome. Furthermore, complex spread patterns are associated with higher rates of clinical nerve palsies (N. VII and N.IX), complications, surgery rates and longer duration of antibiotic use. Diagnostic delay was associated with mortality, complications and facial palsies. Level of evidence: Level IV.
Simulation and Optimization of a Double-Helical Rotor Wave Energy Converter

This paper presents a new type of double-helical rotor wave energy converter (WEC),which consists of two isolated sets of helical rotor structures (inner and outer).This device can generate electricity by using the rising and falling energy of a wave.The rotors are simulated and optimized by Fluent.Each rotor's blades are simulated and analyzed,which are separately changed in terms of helix angle,shape,and thickness.The simulation result shows that,for both inner and outer helical rotors,the energy harvesting efficiency is the highest when the blade helix angle is 45°.Triangular blades have better hydrodynamic performance than square and circular blades.The energy harvesting efficiency of 15 mm thick blades is higher than that of 75 mm thick blades.
子宫内膜异位症患者术后联合醋酸亮丙瑞林或米非司酮对妊娠结局及卵巢保护的疗效对比

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症患者术后联合醋酸亮丙瑞林或米非司酮的疗效对比及趋化因子受体9(CCR9)、趋化因子受体配体25(CCL25)的影响。方法选择2019年1月至2020年1月在青岛市市立医院接受治疗的120例子宫内膜异位症患者,采用随机数表法分为试验组(n = 52)和对照A组(n = 51),对照B组(n =17)。对照A组术后给予醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,对照B组术后不给予治疗,试验组术后给予米非司酮治疗。比较两组临床疗效、复发率、血清CCR9、CCL25、雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、糖类抗原125(CA125)变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,试验组和对照A组临床总有效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05),试验组和对照A组临床总有效率显著高于对照B组(P <0.05);治疗后,试验组和对照A组、对照B组CCR9、CCL25明显降低,且试验组低于对照A组、对照B组,对照A组低于对照B组,差异显著(P <0.05);治疗后,试验组和对照A组、对照B组E2、LH、FSH明显降低,较治疗前比较差异显著(P <0.05),试验组和对照A组治疗后FSH水平无显著差异(P >0.05),试验组E2、LH水平显著低于对照A组、对照B组(P <0.05);治疗后,试验组和对照A组、对照B组VEGF、CA125明显降低,较治疗前比较差异显著(P <0.05),试验组和对照A组、对照B组治疗后VEGF、CA125水平比较无显著差异(P >0.05);三组不良反应总发生率为3.85%、19.61%、52.94%,差异显著(P <0.05)。结论在子宫内膜异位症术后患者中应用米非司酮治疗疗效显著,保护卵巢功能,降低复发率。
中国互联网医疗糖尿病线上诊疗和管理专家指导建议

我国糖尿病防控面临一高三低(高患病率、低知晓率、低治疗管理率、低治疗达标)、专科医师负担重及与疾病诊疗和管理相关所需的资源不足等严重挑战。我国当前基于医院的慢病诊疗和管理模式,不能满足慢性非传染性疾病诊疗和管理的临床需求。互联网医疗对慢性病诊疗和管理,特别是对能够更好的实现满足糖尿病诊治和管理临床需求的院内、院外全程管理,具有积极的促进作用,国家已出台相应法规、政策予以引导和推动。互联网医疗是近年兴起的新生事物,与传统线下医疗相比,可显著弥补线下医疗的不足又存在一定局限性。为了更好地促进与糖尿病相关的互联网医疗发展、提高我国糖尿病管理水平,我国相关领域专家依据糖尿病诊疗和管理的医疗需求和有关政策法规、医学指南、高质量临床研究证据和专家共识,制订《中国互联网医疗糖尿病线上诊疗和管理专家指导建议》(以下简称“建议”),为科学规范地实施线上诊疗和管理糖尿病、积极促进糖尿病控制水平的提高和有力提升医疗资源使用效率,提供依据。
肾脏替代治疗前列腺癌骨转移伴高钙血症及多器官功能障碍1例

本文报道1例前列腺癌伴发热的患者在住院过程中出现多脏器功能障碍,明确系高钙危象导致,给予药物联合肾脏替代治疗后血钙下降、病情好转。恶性肿瘤合并高钙血症较常见,但前列腺癌合并高钙危象并不常见。对于恶性肿瘤患者应动态监测血钙水平变化,避免漏诊及延迟治疗。对高钙危象患者在药物保守治疗的基础上应积极采取肾脏替代治疗措施。