mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
DOA estimation method for wideband signals by sparse recovery in frequency domain

The traditional super-resolution direction finding methods based on sparse recovery need to divide the estimation space into several discrete angle grids, which will bring the final result some error. To this problem, a novel method for wideband signals by sparse recovery in the frequency domain is proposed. The optimization functions are found and solved by the received data at every frequency, on this basis, the sparse support set is obtained, then the direction of arrival (DOA) is acquired by integrating the information of all frequency bins, and the initial signal can also be recovered. This method avoids the error caused by sparse recovery methods based on grid division, and the degree of freedom is also expanded by array transformation, especially it has a preferable performance under the circumstances of a small number of snapshots and a low signal to noise ratio (SNR).
AN OPTIMAL DYNAMIC ADVERTISING MODEL WITH INVERSE INVENTORY SENSITIVE DEMAND EFFECT FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS

This paper proposes a dynamic advertising model for deteriorating items, and the demand is influenced by goodwill and inventory level. The goodwill affected by advertising effort has a positive effect on demand while the inventory level has a negative effect on demand, which is named as inverse inventory sensitive demand effect. We assume that the deteriorating rate could be influenced by the inventory level and we determine the deteriorating rate formulation based on this assumption. The optimal advertising effort and inventory level are obtained by solving the optimization problem based on Pontryagin's maximum principle. Furthermore, numerical studies are provided and some managerial insights are presented.
49,XXXXY综合征一例

49,XXXXY综合征患者的头颅MRI特点为脑容量减少,白质异常率明显增高,其他脑部异常包括侧脑室后角不对称增大,斜头畸形,脑室囊肿,胼胝体变薄,并且X染色体剂量增加对脑白质发育有显著的不利影响。49,XXXXY综合征患者通常被认为存在认知障碍,IQ在20~60范围之间。Visootsak等认为患者智力低下与X染色体数目异常增多有关。每增加一条额外的X染色体,大约降低15分的平均智商。49, XXXXY综合征患者语言能力低主要原因为智力低下和口腔运动障碍。本例患儿头颅MR平扫示双侧侧脑室轻度扩大, Geseli测试提示存在明显的语言能力发育落后,符合上述特征。 Samango-Sprouse等认为雄激素对神经系统发育有积极影响。在早期使用小剂量雄激素代替疗法和婴儿期加强手势沟通可以改善患者的语言能力。
趋化因子SDF-1调控结直肠癌细胞上皮一间质转化

目的通过检测Twist、SDF-l,E-cadherin在结直肠癌及癌旁组织中的表达,探讨三者与上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的相关性,为肿瘤的分子靶向治疗提供可能的靶标。方法收集结直肠癌和对应癌旁正常新鲜标本组织40例和结直肠癌组织及对应癌旁组织蜡块90例,利用免疫组化SP法和qRT-PCR法检测结直肠癌组织中SDF-1及EMT相关因子E-cadherin、Twist的表达,统计学分析SDF-1表达与E-cadherin、Twist表达之间的相关性。结果qRT-PCR结果显示,与对应癌旁组织相比,结直肠癌组织中SDF-1、Twist mRNA的表达水平明显升高,而E-cadherin mRNA表达水平显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);结直肠癌组织中SDF-l、Twist的阳性率分别为75.56%,62.22%,明显高于对应癌旁组织,而E-cadherin在肿瘤中的阳性率为28.89%,显著低于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SDF-1表达与E-cadherin表达呈负相关,而与Twist表达呈正相关。结论趋化因子SDF-1高表达可能参与结直肠癌细胞的EMT过程,Twist高表达和E-cadherin低表达提示EMT现象参与结直肠癌的形成及转移过程,并促进肿瘤的生成和转移。
CT影像预测急性脑出血血肿扩大的研究进展

自发性脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是一种严重的神经系统疾病,其病死率及致残率均高于缺血性卒中。据报道,ICH患者30 d病死率为30% ~50%,且近50%的患者在发病2周内死。初始血肿量及血肿位置是显著影响ICH患者预后的危险因素。血肿扩大存在于40%的ICH患者中,是病情恶化、预后不良的一项独立预测因素。但目前尚无统一的诊断标准,主要依靠CT血管成像(CTA)及CT检查。因此,研究ICH患者首次CT及CTA影像具有重要的临床意义。近年,诸多研究证实,CTA与CT中某些特异性表现与血肿扩大存在关联性,如点征(spot sign)、渗漏征(leakage sign)、混合征(blend sign)、黑洞征(black hole sign),为诊断血肿扩大的高危ICH患者提供更有效的方法。本文通过分析ICH患者血肿在CTA与CT中的特异性表现与早期血肿扩大的潜在相关性,以期对出现血肿扩大的ICH患者进行及时有效的临床干预,从而降低病死率及改善预后。
Genome-wide identification of histone H2A and histone variant H2A.Z-interacting proteins by bPPI-seq

H2A is a nucleosome core subunit involved in organizing DNA into a chromatin structure that is often inaccessible to regulatory enzymes. Replacement of H2A by its variant H2A.Z renders chromatin accessible at enhancers and promoters. However, it remains unclear how H2A.Z functions so differently from canonical H2A. Here we report the genome-wide identification of proteins that directly interact with H2A and H2A.Z in vivo using a novel strategy, bPPI-seq. We show that bPPI-seq is a sensitive and robust technique to identify protein-protein interactions in vivo. Our data indicate that H2A.Z-interacting proteins and H2A-interacting proteins participate in distinct biological processes. In contrast to H2A-interacting proteins, the H2A.Z-interacting proteins are involved in transcriptional regulation. We found that the transcription factor Osrl interacts with H2A.Z both in vitro and in vivo. It also mediates H2A.Z incorporation to a large number of target sites and regulates gene expression. Our data indicate that bPPI-seq can be widely applied to identify genome-wide interacting proteins under physiological conditions.
Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin, China and its Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation

The alternative development of coal-bearing hydrocarbon source rocks and low-porosity and low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is favorable for near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. The natural gas composition of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, of which the methane content is 80.16%-98.67%. Typically, the C2+ content is larger than 5% in main wet gas. The dry gas is mainly distributed in the western and northern regions of the basin. The non-hydrocarbon gases mainly contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and helium, with a total content of <2%. The carbon isotope ranges of methane and its homologues in natural gas are: δ~(13)C_1 of -43.8%o to -29.6‰, δ~(13)C_2 of -35.4‰ to -21.5‰, δ~(13)C_3 of -27.6%o to -19.8‰, and δ~(13)C_4 of -27.7‰ to -18.8‰. δ~(13)C_3>δ~(13)C_4 occurs in some natural gas with a low evolution degree; such gas is mainly coal-related gas from humic-type source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation. As for the natural gas, δ~2H_(CH4) values ranged from -195‰ to -161‰, δ~2H_(C2H6) values ranged from -154‰ to -120‰, and δ~2h_(C3H8) values ranged from -151‰ to -108‰. The dry coefficient, δ~(13)C and δ~2H_(CH4) are all positively correlated with the maturity of source rocks. The higher the maturity of source rocks is, the larger the natural gas dry coefficient is and the larger the δ~(13)C and δ~2H_(CH4) values are, indicative of the characteristic of near-source accumulation. The δ~2H_(C2H6) value of natural gas is influenced by paleosalinity to a relatively large extent; the higher the paleosalinity is, the larger the δ~2H_(C2H6) value is. The Pr/Ph value of the condensate oil ranged from 1.60 to 3.43, illustrating light oxidization-light reduction and partial-oxidization characteristics of the depositional environment of coal-bearing source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation. The natural gas light hydrocarbon (C_5-C_7) from the Xujiahe Formation presented two characteristics: the first was the relatively high aromatic hydrocarbon content (19%-32.1%), which reveals the characteristic of natural gas with humic substances of high-maturity; the second was the low content of aromatic hydrocarbon (0.4%-9.3%), reflecting water-washing during the accumulation of the natural gas. The reported research outcomes indicate a potential mechanism for natural gas accumulation in the Xujiahe Formation, which will further guide natural gas exploration in this region.
Filling Pattern of Volcanostratigraphy of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Changbaishan Area and Possible Future Eruptions

The Cenozoic volcanostratigraphy in the Changbaishan area had complex building processes. Twenty-two eruption periods have been determined from the Wangtian'e, Touxi, and Changbaishan volcanoes. The complex volcanostratigraphy of the Changbaishan area can be divided into four types of filling patterns from bottom to top. They are lava flows filling in valleys (LFFV), lava flows filling in platform (LFFP), lava flows formed the cone (LFFC), and pyroclastic Flow filling in crater or valleys (PFFC/V). LFFV has been divided into four layers and terminates as a lateral overlap. The topography of LFFV, which is controlled by the landform, is lens shaped with a wide flat top and narrow bottom. LFFP has been divided into three layers and terminates as a lateral downlap. The topography of LFFP is sheet and tabular shaped with a narrow top and wide bottom. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by multiple eruptive centers distributed along the fissure. The topography of LFFC, which is located above the LFFP, has a hummocky shape with a narrow sloping top and a wide flat bottom. It terminates as a later downlap or backstepping. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by a single eruptive center. The topography of PFFC/V, which located above the LFFC, LFFP, or valley, has the shape of fan and terminates as a lateral downlap or overlap. It has a small width to thickness ratio and was built by a single eruptive center. The filling pattern is controlled by temperature, SiO_2 content, volatile content, magma volume, and the paleolandform. In the short term, the eruptive production of the Changbaishan area is comenditic ash or pumice of a Plinian type eruption. The eruptive volume in future should be smaller than that of the Baguamiao period, and the filling pattern should be PFFC/V, which may cause huge damage to adjacent areas.
Chronology and Geochemistry of the Berezitovoe Polymetallic Gold Deposit in Eastern Siberia, Russia and its Geological Significance

The Berezitovoe deposit is a large-sized Au-Ag-Zn-Pb deposit in the east of the Selenga-Stanovoi superterrane, Russia. Au-Ag orebodies are hosted by tourmaline-garnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks; Zn-Pb orebodies are hosted by granodiorites, porphyritic granites and tourmaline-garnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks. These orebodies are surrounded by wall rocks dominated by the Tukuringra Complex granodiorites, porphyritic granites, and gneissic granodiorites. The alteration includes siliciflcation and garnet, sericitization chloritization, carbonatization and kaollinization. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the gold mineralization can be divided into two stages in the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit (at 363.5 ± 1.5 Ma, and133.4 ± 0.5). Hornblende-plagioclase gneisses of the Mogocha Group in the study area underwent Paleoproterozoic metamorphism (at 1870 ± 7.8 and 2400 ± 13 Ma), gneissic granodiorite of the Tukuringra Complex yields a late Paleozoic magmatic age (at 379.2 ± 1.1 Ma), and subalkaline porphyritic granitoid of the Amudzhikan Complex yield late Mesozoic magmatic ages (133-139 and 150-163 Ma). Granodiorites of the Tukuringra Complex in the study area have high concentrations of SiO_2 (average of 60.9 wt%), are aluminum-oversaturated (average A/CNK of 1.49), are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements (e.g., K, Rb, and Ba), U, Th, and Pb, are depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti), and have slightly negative Eu and no Ce anomalies in chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams. Fluid inclusions from quartz veins include three types: aqueous two-phase, CO_2-bearing three-phase, and pure CO_2. Aqueous two-phase inclusions homogenize at 167°C-249°C and have salinities of 4.32%-9.47% NaCl equivalent, densities of 0.86-0.95 g/cm3, and formed at depths of 0.52-0.94 km. In comparison, the CO_2-bearing three-phase inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 265°C-346°C, salinities of 7.14%-11.57% NaCl equivalent, and total densities of 0.62-0.67 g/cm~3. The geochemical and zircon U-Pb data and the regional tectonic evolution of the study area, show that the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit formed in an island arc or active continental margin setting, most probably related to late Paleozoic subduction of Okhotsk Ocean crust beneath the Siberian Plate.
Evidence of the Near-Source Accumulation of the Tight Sandstone Gas in Northern Ordos Basin, North-Central China

The tight sandstone gas in Upper Paleozoic Formation of the northern Ordos Basin is a typical giant unconventional tight gas province. Evidences from geochemistry, reservoir geology and paleotectonic setting all verify that the present-day tight sandstone gas accumulation in the Ordos Basin is the result of near-source accumulation. The evidences are listed as following: tight sandstone gas is mainly distributed in the area with high gas-generating strength; gas composition was not subjected to fractionation; gas saturation significantly decreases with the distance away from the source rocks; gas isotopes suggest their origin is the same and maturity is consistent with in-place source rocks; reservoirs have experienced three types of densification digenesis, including intense compaction, siliceous cementation and calcareous cementation, which took place before the formation of a large amount of tight sandstone gas, forming tight reservoirs with low porosity and permeability, fine pore throat and great capillary resistance; the paleo-structural gradient ratio is small from the main hydrocarbon generation period to present. It is indicated the present distribution of tight sandstone gas in the northern Ordos Basin is the result of near-source and short-distance migration and accumulation.
Facies Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Qal'eh Dokhtar Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic) in the West of Boshrouyeh, East Central Iran

The study area is located in the east Tabas Block in Central Iran. Facies analysis of the Qal'eh Dokhtar Formation (middle Callovian to late Oxfordian) was carried out on two stratigraphic sections and applied to depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy interpretation. This formation conformably overlies and underlies the marly-silty Baghamshah and the calcareous Esfandiar formations, respectively. Lateral and vertical facies changes documents low- to high energy environments, including tidal-flat, beach to intertidal, lagoon, barrier, and open-marine. According to these facies associations and absence of resedimentation deposits a depositional model of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp was proposed for the Qal'eh Dokhtar Formation. Seven third-order depositional sequences were identified in each two measured stratigraphic sections. Transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) show deepening upward trends, i.e. shallow water beach to intertidal and lagoonal facies, while highstand systems tracts (HST) show shallowing upward trends in which deep water facies are overlain by shallow water facies. All sequence boundaries (except at the base of the stratigraphic column) are of the no erosional (SB2) types. We conclude eustatic rather than tectonic factors played a dominant role in controlling carbonate depositional environments in the study area.
极地医学的研究进展

近50年来随着人类对南北两极探索的进展,在地球两极尤其是南极长期科学考察成为常态。由于南极高纬度和高海拔的极端气候,如强寒冷、多风雪、昼夜周期变化、强紫外线暴露,以及近似原始相对孤立的生存环境,类似于航空航天的探索,引起人体激素水平、代谢、免疫功能和心理精神等方面的应激性变化,由此衍生出极地医学的概念。极地医学主要研究人类在极地的极端环境下心理生理变化,以及原有基础疾病在极端环境下适应和反应变化,包括极地环境与人的关系,极地环境下人际关系等。本文就近年来有关国内外极地医学方面的研究进展作一综述。
中国体外循环教育培训现状与展望

体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass)及其衍生技术体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO)技术是由人工心和人工肺两种人工器官结合而产生的体外生命支持技术。体外循环技术主要用于心脏手术,随着技术的不断完善,现在已经广泛用于肿瘤治疗、器官移植、呼吸衰竭、中毒及心跳呼吸骤停、危重症救治等领域。体外循环专业作为一门交叉学科,具有专业性强,专业面窄,风险较高,涉及的专业知识跨度大等特点,技术水平的差异严重影响患者的诊治疗效。世界发达国家和地区如美国、欧洲国家、澳大利亚、日本和中国台湾地区等经过半个多世纪的努力,均建立了比较完善的体外循环教育培训制度,促进了体外循环技术的规范化和标准化。近年来,中国生物医学工程学会体外循环分会在体外循环专业人才教育与培训方面进行了积极探索,采取下列一系列卓有成效的举措,推进了我国体外循环专业人才教育培训工作的专业化、多元化、常规化和可持续化。
Preparation of Nylon MXD6/EG/CNTs Ternary Composites with Excellent Thermal Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness

In this article, hybrid fillers with different dimensions, namely, 2-dimensional (2-D) expanded graphite (EG) and 1-dimensional (1-D) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were added to aromatic nylon MXD6 matrix via melt-blending, to enhance its thermal and electrical conductivity as well as electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). For ternary composites of MXD6/EG/CNTs, the electrical conductivity reaches up nine orders of magnitude higher compared to that of the neat MXD6 sample, which turned the polymer-based composites from an insulator to a conductor, and the thermal conductivity has been enhanced by 477% compared with that of neat MXD6 sample. Meanwhile, the EMI SE of ternary composite reaches ~50 dB at the overall filler loading of only 18 wt%. This work can provide guidance for the preparation of polymer composites with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity via using hybrid filler.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Two Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Based on Bifunctional Ligand

Two lanthanide coordination polymers, [Eu(HL)(L)(H_2O)_2]_n (1) and [Tb(H_(0.5)L)_2]_n (2), based on bifunctional 5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) isophthalic acid (H_2L), are hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses, and FT-IR. In compound 1, the basic inorganic building unit of the coordination network is the dinuclear [Eu_2(COO)_6] cluster. Each [Eu_2(COO)_6] cluster connects four HL- ligands and each HL~- ligand links two [Eu_2(COO)_6] clusters, resulting in a 2D coordination layer. The adjacent 2D layers are further connected via neighboring inter-layer hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular structure. In compound 2, the Tb~(3+) is coordinated to six oxygen atoms. Each Tb~(3+) ion connects six ligands and each ligand links three Tb~(3+) ions, leading to a 3D coordination polymeric network which exhibits remarkably high thermal stability up to 500 °C. Furthermore, due to the successful incorporation of Tb~(3+), compound 2 displays characteristic luminescent emission in the solid state at room temperature. The combination of high thermal stability and fluorescent property of compound 2 would make it as a promising light-emitting material.
数据挖掘在护理领域中的应用进展

数据挖掘是指从大量数据中挖掘有用知识的过程,它的技术主要来源于统计学、机器学习、模式识别和数据仓库等学科。数据挖掘是知识发现的一个步骤。2011年,国际数据公司认为人类社会产生和复制的数据十分庞大,并以每2年翻倍的速度增长。医疗卫生领域也产生了大量有价值的数据,充分挖掘并利用这些数据有助于改善照护方法,促进人群健康,节约医疗费用。数据挖掘在医疗领域有很多成功的应用实例,如Google工程师利用浏览器搜索数据预测流感爆发。目前,相比于发达国家,数据挖掘在我国护理领域的应用相对较少。本文通过对数据挖掘在护理领域中的应用进行综述,旨为护理人员进一步对临床护理数据挖掘提供借鉴。
News: Eight research teams receive Outstanding Publication Awards

Eight research groups have been nominated and selected to receive Outstanding Publication Awards, in recognition of their significant contributions to the Journal of Environmental Sciences (JES) through their scholarly publications. The award recipients were celebrated and invited to present their recent research at a Special JES Symposium of the 9~(th) National Conference on Environmental Chemistry, held in Hangzhou, China, on October 19-22, 2017. This symposium was co-organized by Professors Chris Le (University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada), Guibin Jiang (Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing), and Chunxia Wang (National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing), with the support of Drs. Yijun Yao (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou) and Suqin Liu (JES Office, Beijing).
胰岛素样生长因子在横纹肌肉瘤中的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子(insulin 1ike growth factor, IGF)是一类具有胰岛素样结构的细胞因子,可在受体及结合蛋白的调节下参与细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡。多项研究发现,IGF系统在包括横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RMS)在内的多种恶性肿瘤疾病的进展中扮演着重要角色。近年来对RMS患者血液与组织中的IGF系统进行基础和临床研究的结果显示,IGF系统可能在RMS的发展和预后中发挥作用,探索其受体信号通路可能为RMS的综合治疗提供新靶点。本文就IGF系统的生物学活性和信号转导通路、IGF家族与RMS的关系、IGF信号通路靶向治疗RMS的最新研究进展进行综述。
新型Y型钢板背侧人路治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定骨折

目的探讨新型y型钢板背侧人路治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定骨折的疗效。方法自2014年1月至2016年2月采用新型Y型钢板经背侧入路治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定骨折患者14例,男6例,女8例;年龄35~65岁,平均43.7岁。骨折AO分型:A3型5例,B2型3例,C1型4例,C2型2例。术后早期功能锻炼,X线片观察骨折复位情况。结果术后随访6~18个月,平均8.3个月。根据Gartland-Werley关节功能评分标准:优9例,良4例,可1例。均无迟发性肌腱炎、神经损伤等并发症。结论新型Y型钢板背侧入路治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定骨折,可有效保护Lister结节和拇长伸肌腱解剖结构,具有创伤小、操作简单、肌腱激惹较少、关节功能恢复良好等优点。
游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足部皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用

目的探讨游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣在手足部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的手术方法及治疗效果。方法自2015年1月到2016年1月,我们对7例(手部3例,足部4例)皮肤软组织缺损患者,创面应用腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复,皮瓣面积为5.0 cm × 3.0 cm~12.0 cm × 5.5 cm。结果术后7例皮瓣全部存活。术后随访时间为3~9个月,平均6个月,其中6例皮瓣外形满意,颜色正常,弹性良好,1例皮瓣稍显臃肿,经二期整形后外观满意、功能良好。供区6例直接闭合,1例从取皮瓣后两侧猫耳部分切取皮肤后修剪成中厚皮片植皮修复,打包加压,1周后拆除见植皮成活良好。结论游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣在手足部中小皮肤软组织缺损修复中的临床疗效较为满意。
Boron isotope geochemistry of Zigetang Co saline lake sediments, Tibetan Plateau

The origin of boron in boron-rich salt lakes in the Tibetan Plateau is highly controversial. In this study, we carried out a detailed study on boron geochemistry and isotope composition of lake sediments collected in Zigetang Co, central Tibet. Evaporites had high boron concentrations of 172.3-418.6 µg/g and δ~(11)B values of-8.2%o to -3.3‰,suggesting a non-marine origin for the saline lake. The boron isotopic fractionation factor, α, between evaporite and brackish water (α_(evaporite-brackish)) decreased systematically with depth, from 0.9942 at the top of the drill core to 0.9893 at the bottom; the linear variation between α_(evaporite-brackish) and depth reflects boron isotopic fractionation associated with progressive crystallization. The positive correlation between δ~(11)B versus [B] and δ~(11)B versus depth in the evaporite phase reflects pH and boron speciation in the solution control on the adsorption of boron, and B(OH)_3 species incorporated preferentially into Mg(OH)_2 precipitation at high pH.
Ecological stoichiometry of nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur in China's forests

Much attention has been paid to the stoichiometry of carbon (C),nitrogen (N),and phosphorus (P) because of their significance for plant growth and climate change. However, other nutrients, such as sulfur (S),are often ignored. In this study, we analyzed the stoichiometry of N,P,and S in leaves of 348 plant species in China's forests. The results show higher N content and higher molar ratios of N/P and P/S in Angiospermae than in Gymnospermae. At the family level, Ulmaceae absorbed more N and P from soils than other families, and Cupressaceae absorbed more S than other families. In addition, except for bamboo and other tropical forests, leaf N and P content of China's forests generally increased from low to middle latitudes and then slightly decreased or plateaued at high latitudes. Plant ecotypes,taxonomic groups, environmental conditions, atmospheric S precipitation, and soil-available N and P significantly affected the distribution and stoichiometry of leaf N,P,and S in China's forests. Our study indicates that China's forests are likely limited by P and S deficiencies which may increase in the future.
Heavy collecting induces smaller and deeper Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus in the wild

Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus is a well-known traditional Chine medicinal herb. However, the demand for this herb is leading to over-collection and its decline in the wild. This study aims to investigate the ecological conditions of Fritillaria cirrhosa under the influence of human disturbance, biotic species interactions and climatic conditions. We established a total of 78 plots at 14 sites of F. cirrhosa in its distribution center, the Hengduan Mountains area. At each site, we estimated the abundance of F. cirrhosa at different distances from roads. The diameter and height of F. cirrhosa fruit and bulbs were measured and compared to underground bulb depth. We then analyzed the effects of environmental conditions and human disturbance on the abundance of F. cirrhosa using variance partitioning. We found that (1) abundance of F. cirrhosa and their underground bulb depth showed a significant linear increase with the distance from the main road; (2) the diameter/height of fruits and the diameter/height of fruits/bulbs showed significantly different responses to the human disturbance; (3) the community associates, climate and spatial conditions can explain 58%, 22% and 27%, respectively, of the variance in the F. cirrhosa abundance. These results highlight the fact that human disturbance and biotic factors have a great influence on the survival of F. cirrhosa, even more than climate conditions.