mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Combined Active Islanding Detection Method for Grid-connected Photovoltaic System

Unintentional islanding phenomenon has been one of the most important problems of gridconnected photovoltaic inverters. To prevent this phenomenon, all kinds of anti -islanding methods have been discussed. This paper presents a combined active islanding detection method, which consists of active frequency drift method and automatic phase -shift method. The traditional active anti -islanding methods of grid-connected PV inverters bear nondetection zone possibilities for certain paralleled RLC loads. The combined method shows islanding detection ability effectively, and it can eliminate nondetection zones even in the worst case conditions. Simulation in different load conditions is performed for verification.
花样跳绳对初中学生体质影响

青少年体质水平与生活质量密切相关。初中学生学习负担重,课外体育锻炼时间少,体育课是增强其体质的重要途径;但由于体育设施不足,教学内容枯燥和教学方法不合理,使学生对体育课缺乏兴趣。花样跳绳属于中等强度负荷运动,运动量可根据动作的繁简、快慢及时间来调节,趣味性强,不受场地、人数限制,是适合于中小学生的体育教学内容。本研究于2013年3—5月对辽宁省沈阳市某中学160名学生进行花样跳绳训练,评价花样跳绳对改善学生体质的效果,为学校体育教学改革提供依据。
“江苏沿海开发的资源环境生态基础 ”专栏前言

海岸带正在承受日益加大的气候变化和人类活动压力.如何应对?西方国家曾提出 “向陆退却”的方案,以便给海岸生态系统留出未来空间.然而这一对策并非普遍适用.由于区域自然条件的差异,气候变化及海面上升的效应是不同的.例如在江苏海岸,长江、黄河的沉积物供给使大片的河流三角洲、海岸平原和潮间带浅滩得以形成,而且目前在较大范围内岸线仍处于淤长状态.因此,江苏海岸不仅无需 “向陆退却 ”,而且还能够继续进行一定程度的开发.关键之点在于,海岸带的诸多过程具有动态演化快、效应复杂的特点,在气候变化的背景下有多种演化的可能性,这是由气候与非气候众多影响因素共同作用所决定的;如果采取正确的风险管理方式,是能够实现可持续发展的目标的.
寒地香型水稻新品种松粳19选育与应用

水稻新品种松粳19是黑龙江省农业科学院五常水稻研究所采用杂交育种技术育成的香稻品种,具有优质、高产、稳产、抗逆性强等特性,适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植。
关于“工程测量学”课程的教学思考

从测绘学和工程测量学的定义出发,结合典型史料,阐述工程测量的产生和发展历史,指出“工程测量学”课程的教学现状和存在问题,归纳了工程测量学科的特点,提出对“工程测量学”课程教学的一些思考。
城市交通可达性的RS和GIS分析

以山东省德州市为研究区,基于WorldView-2高分辨率遥感影像获取城市道路信息及居民区建筑物的空间分布和高度信息;通过GIS分析技术获取评价节点,并计算交通成本矩阵,同时计算节点建筑物体积指数指示其人口密度作为节点吸引力;利用交通时间加权成本模型对研究区的交通可达性进行评价。结果表明:老城区人口密度大,交通系统完善,交通可达性最好;新城区和城市边缘人口密度小,交通系统尚不完善,交通可达性较差;整个研究区交通可达性以老城区为强中心向新城区和外围依次减弱。
基于多点的区域性椭球确定

为了限制面积较大测区(>10 000 km~2)的长度综合变形,提出一种区域性椭球面的构造方法。首先,将参考椭球沿位置基准点法线方向平移,使区域性椭球面和投影面在该点处重合;然后,以位置基准点为旋转中心进行旋转,消除区域性椭球面和投影面的倾斜误差。实测算例表明,各点相对于区域性椭球面的大地高和正常高的偏差达到厘米级精度,说明本文算法具有一定的实用价值。
面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像湿地信息分层提取

因湿地的类型多样和光谱特征的不确定性,其在高分辨率遥感影像上可人工目视解译,却难以自动化判读。本文在面向对象技术支持下,提出多特征融合的高分辨率遥感影像湿地信息分层提取。该方法首先通过面向对象分割技术转像元为基元,实现光谱相似像元的聚类;然后分析湿地景观格局依存关系和不同类型湿地提取的难易程度,确定提取的先后顺序;再挖掘不同类型湿地的地物光谱、空间形态、空间分布和空间关系等多种属性特征;最后通过分层分类、由易到难构建规则集,逐层融入空间知识,实现高分辨率遥感影像湿地信息自动监测。试验通过高空间分辨率卫星数据对玛纳斯国家湿地公园区进行遥感监测,结果表明,该方法能够快速实现区域范围内湿地信息的自动识别和快速提取,总体分类精度达到了875%,Kappa系数超过0.83,基本满足应用的需求,可为应用提供技术参考。
伪卫星增强下的北斗系统服务精度仿真分析

提出伪卫星增强条件下的北斗定位与授时方法,推导相应的定位及授时算法,利用仿真数据完成伪卫星增强下的北斗地面和空中用户DOP值分析,分析伪卫星布站需求,论证地面用户和空中用户的定位和授时精度。分析结果表明,伪卫星增强是提高北斗系统服务的有效技术途径,在区域范围内布设4颗左右伪卫星可以获得优于1.32左右的PDOP值,地面用户的位置精度达到1.3 m左右,授时精度达到1.6 ns左右,空中用户的位置精度达到1.5 m左右,授时精度达到2.4 ns左右,其中高程精度和授时精度均得到大幅提升。
Two Cluster-Based Coordination Polymers Derived from [Et_4N][Tp~*WS_3(CuBr)_3] and CuCN: Isolation, Structures and Amplified Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses

Treatment of a W/Cu/S precursor [Et_4N][Tp~*WS_3(CuBr)_3] (1) with three equiv. of CuCN in DMF/MeCN/benzonitrile (or α-tolunitrile) yielded two [Tp~*WS_3Cu_3(μ_3-DMF)]-based coordination polymers, [Tp~*WS_3Cu_3(μ_3DMF)(CN)_3Cu]_2?2DMF (2?2DMF) and [Tp~*WS_3Cu_3(μ_3-DMF)(CN)_3Cu(α-tolunitrile)]_2?3MeCN (3?3MeCN), respectively. Structural analysis revealed that 2 adopts a 2D network with a 4.8~2 topology while 3 has a 1D lad-der-type chain. The third-order nonlinear optical responses of 2 and 3 in DMF were 10 times enhanced compared to those of the precursor cluster 1.
Synthesis and Structure of Azacalix[2]pyrimidine[2]triazines and Their Self-assembly in the Solid State

A number of azacalix[2]pyrimidine[2]triazines were synthesized in moderate to good yields from both a step-wise fragment coupling approach and a one-pot reaction strategy starting from 4,6-diaminopyrimidines and cyanuric chloride. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of resulting dichloro-substituted azacalix[2]-pyrimidine[2]triazines with NH_4Cl led to the formation of NH_2-bearing azacalix[2]pyrimidine[2]triazine analogs.Azacalix[2]pyrimidine[2]triazines adopted symmetric 1,3-alternate conformations in solution while twisted 1,3-al-ternate conformations were observed in the solid state. In the presence of different additives during the growth of single crystals, azacalix[2]pyrimidine[2]triazines containing amino (-NH_2) groups gave varied self-assembled structures due to the formation of different intermolecular hydrogen bond motifs.
Efficient and Practical Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure (S)-(-)-Norcryptostyline I, (S)-(-)-Norcryptostyline II,(R)-(+)-Salsolidine and (S)-(-)-Norlaudanosine via a Resolution-Racemization Method

Four racemic tetrahydroisoquinolines (RS)-(±)-1-4 were prepared from homoveratrylamine via amidation,Bischler-Napieralski reaction and the subsequent reduction. The enantiomerically pure tetrahydroisoquinolines (S)-(-)-norcryptostyline I [(S)-(-)-1], (S)-(-)-norcryptostyline II [(S)-(-)-2], (R)-(+)-salsolidine [(R)-(+)-3] and (S)-(-)-norlaudanosine [(S)-(-)-4] were then obtained in 45%, 40%, 41% and 38% yields, respectively, via resolution of the racemic compounds (RS)-(±)-1-4 with half equivalent of chiral acids. In addition, the enantiomerically enriched compounds (R)-(+)-1, (R)-(+)-2, (S)-(-)-3 and (R)-(+)-4 from the mother liquors were efficiently racemized via a one-pot redox method in almost quantitative yields.
A New Cyclization/Decarboxylation Reaction of Isatins with Acyl Chlorides for the Facile Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl-oxindoles

The first cyclization/decarboxylation reaction of isatins with acyl chlorides promoted by 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP) was described and a series of desired 3-alkenyl-oxindoles were obtained in good yields (up to 80%) and E/Z selectivities (up to 6.4/1). This protocol provided a new and feasible access to 3-alkenyl-oxindoles.
Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework on Surface for Biosensor

Imine-linked covalent organic framework on amino functionalized silicon substrate was constructed via a step-wise reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The obtained material was used as biosensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and probe DNA immobilization, which extended the application of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to a new field.
有机朗肯循环控制系统的设定值优化

提出了一种优化有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)控制系统设定值的方法. 由于ORC系统中存在扰动及工况点的变化,有必要根据运行工况实时调整控制回路设定值,以提高ORC系统的能量转换效率. 首先,回顾ORC系统性能分析及优化等相关文献,探讨了ORC控制系统设定值优化问题; 然后采用基于遗传算法的最小二乘支持向量机(Genetic Algorithm-Least Squares Support Vector Machine,GA-LSSVM),确定了ORC过程控制系统的最优设定值. 仿真结果表明当ORC系统的工况发生变化时,由GA-LSSVM算法可以快速确定ORC控制系统的最优设定值.
不同热源条件下亚临界ORC与跨临界ORC热经济性能的比较

以系统净功、系统效率及系统平均电力生产成本为性能评价指标,首先基于性能寻优原则,对满足夹点温差要求的跨临界ORC(organic Rankine cycle)中膨胀机进口温度和压力进行分析和确定,然后基于固定的烟气出口温度,对不同烟气进口温度下以R601为工质的亚临界有机朗肯循环(亚临界ORC)和以R134a为工质的跨临界有机朗肯循环(跨临界ORC)的热经济性能进行比较研究. 结果表明: 当跨临界ORC蒸发器夹点温差位于工质进出口之间时,满足夹点温差要求的膨胀机进口压力越小越好; 当跨临界ORC蒸发器夹点温差位于工质出口处时,存在最佳膨胀机进口压力. 无论对亚临界ORC还是跨临界ORC,随着热源温度的升高,系统净输出功均升高,系统平均电力生产成本均降低; 对于亚临界ORC,系统效率随热源温度的升高单调增加,而对于跨临界ORC,系统效率随热源温度的升高先增加后减小(或保持不变).此外,对于系统净功及系统效率,存在一个热源温度区间,使跨临界ORC优于亚临界ORC,并且随着夹点温差的增大,该热源温度区间扩大; 对于系统平均电力生产成本,亚临界ORC始终优于跨临界ORC.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from China

A taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris Karny, 1937 is provided. Twelve species of the genus from China are recorded, including 5 species described as new to science, namely P. sichuanensis Li, Liu & Li, sp. nov., P. parva Li, Liu & Li, sp. nov., P. truncata Li, Liu & Li, sp. nov., P. interrupta Li, Liu & Li, sp. nov. and P. longicerca Li, Liu & Li, sp. nov. Two new combinations are also reported here, P. gialai (Gorochov, 2004) (Vietnam) comb. nov. and P. alia (Gorochov, 2004) (Vietnam) comb. nov. A key to Chinese species of the genus was provided.
Relations between soil heterogeneity and common reed(Phragmites australis Trin.ex Steud.) colonization in the Keriya River Basin,Xinjiang of China

How common reed(Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud.) colonization correlates to soil heterogeneity and environmental determinants remains unclear in arid areas. We conducted a field investigation and soil sampling in 100 plots along Keriya River Basin to uncover the relationship between common reed and heterogeneous soils. Reed colonization variables and its soil properties were measured and recorded for the analysis of their relationship using Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis methods. The comparison results of common reed characteristics among 100 plots showed that common reeds performed strong tolerance and ecophysiological plasticity to edaphic stresses. Common reed colonization was tightly connected to soil heterogeneity according to the correlation analysis between its colonization characteristics and soil properties. Common reed colonization got feedbacks on soil properties as well, including the increase of soil organic matter and the alleviation of salt uplifting. The main limiting environmental determinant of common reed colonization was soil salt, followed by pH and soil water content.
Permethrin resistance variation and susceptible reference line isolation in a field population of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

This study examines the genetic variations and mechanisms involved in the development of permethrin resistance in individual mosquitoes from a field population of Culex quinquefasciatus, HAmCq~(G0), and characterizes susceptible reference lines of mosquitoes with a similar genetic background to the field HAmCq~(G0) strain. Six upregulated cytochrome P450 genes, CYP9M10, CYP9J34, CYP6P14, CYP9J40, CYP6AA7,and CYP4C52v1, previously identified as being upregulated in the larvae of resistant HAmCq~(G8) mosquitoes were examined in the larvae of 3 strains (susceptible S-Lab, parental HAmCq~(G0) and permethrin-selected highly resistant HAmCq~(G8)) and 8 HAmCq~(G0) singleegg raft colonies, covering a range of levels of susceptibility/resistance to permethrin and exhibiting different variations in the expression of A and/or T alleles at the L-to-F kdr locus of the sodium channel. The 2 lines with the lowest tolerance to permethrin and bearing solely the susceptible A allele at the L-to-F kdr locus of the sodium channels, from colonies Cx_SERC5 and Cx_SERC8, showed lower or similar levels of all 6 of the P450 genes tested compared with the S-Lab strain, suggesting that these 2 lines could be used as the reference mosquitoes in future studies characterizing insecticide resistance in HAmCq mosquitoes.This study also provides a detailed investigation of the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in individuals within a population: individuals with elevated levels of resistance to permethrin all displayed one or more potential resistance mechanisms–either elevated levels of P450 gene expression, or L-to-F mutations in the sodium channel, or both.
中药配合电针治疗骨折后骨痂不形成临床观察

目的观察中药配合电针治疗骨折后骨痂不形成的临床疗效。方法将93例临床患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用中药配合电针治疗,中药每天1剂,电针每天1次,15 d为1个疗程;对照组由单纯中药治疗。结果观察组总有效率为92.2%,对照组总有效率为80.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药配合电针治疗骨折后骨痂不形成有很好的临床疗效。
野生喜马拉雅旱獭实验室内对不同饵料的适口性观察

野生喜马拉雅旱獭是以选择性摄食带晨露的嫩草尖为主要食物来源的大型食草啮齿动物。在自然界中,对于放到洞口的食物均不取食,具有一定的攻击性。本研究旨在观察野生喜马拉雅旱獭对不同饵料的适口性,为现场工作条件下饲喂野生喜马拉雅旱獭提供途径和方法,同时为喜马拉雅旱獭实验动物化提供生物学基础。
X线诊断早产儿代谢性骨病(附4例报告)

征像与Faerk等报道相似.MBD需与维生素缺乏性佝偻病、外伤后改变、先天性梅毒和其他代谢性疾病等相鉴别,与佝偻病鉴别较困难,鉴别要点如下:①MBD患儿多为6个月以下早产儿,佝偻病患儿月龄多>6个月;②MBD长骨骨膜反应为长弧形,范围广,佝偻病长骨骨膜反应呈纵行,平行于骨干;③佝偻病首次发现时多仅存在长骨干骺端病变,而MBD还存在广泛骨质疏松、骨质软化等表现.随着近年来对早产儿进行干预性治疗,对MBD的认识逐渐深入,X线检查最早能发现出生后3周早产儿骨量减少,对早期诊断MBD具有重要意义.讨论MBD需结合临床表现、生化指标、影像学检查和骨矿物质测量等进行综合诊断.既往普遍认为ALP升高是早期诊断MBD的重要指标,而X线片并不敏感.目前ALP作为MBD的诊断指标尚存在争议,Faerk等的双能CT研究表明ALP与骨矿物质含量无相关性.本组中,2例患儿ALP处于正常范围,但已出现了临床表现及X线征象.4例患儿X线片表现为四肢长骨广泛骨质疏松、密度降低、骨皮质变薄,长骨多发层状骨膜反应,长骨干骺端边缘模糊、凹陷、呈毛刷样以及长骨骨折。
口服过量普罗帕酮死亡1例

此类案件的鉴定须谨慎,应在排除损伤、疾病和其他毒物中毒的情况下,结合案情、临床表现综合分析。本例临床表现主要为脉搏缓、心音极低、伴有频发早搏,低血压,中度昏迷等心血管系统及神经系统症状和体征;经解剖及组织病理学检验,未发现明显机械性损伤、机械性窒息的病理改变,同时未检见其他致死性疾病;其毒物分析检验除检出高血药浓度的普罗帕酮外,未检出其他常见毒药物成分。综合以上分析,认为死者应系口服大剂量普罗帕酮导致中毒死亡。
林芝地区濒危藏药材卵萼花锚资源调查研究

卵萼花锚(Halenia elliptica)是龙胆科(Gentianaceae)花锚属(Halenia)1年生濒危藏药材草本植物,本研究采用样地 -样方、取样测定等方法对林芝地区(墨脱县外)10个地点的卵萼花锚资源调查分析表明,不同地点卵萼花锚全株含水率的排序为:米林玉松 > 波密巴卡 > 米林扎贡 > 米林南伊 > 波密易贡 >察隅南山 > 波密岗乡 > 波密中坝 > 林芝排龙 > 江达猕猴园。全株平均含水率为58.677%。不同地点卵萼花锚全株平均生物量的排序是:林芝排龙 > 米林南伊 > 波密岗乡 > 波密巴卡 >米林扎贡 > 米林玉松 > 波密易贡 > 波密中坝 > 江达猕猴园 >察隅南山。卵萼花错的地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量及全株生物量三者存在一定相关性。卵萼花锚生物量总体上随海拔升高呈降低趋势,但地上部分与地下部分的比值随海拔升高呈现出无规则型变化。林芝地区各县卵萼花锚蕴藏量的排序是:察隅县 > 林芝县 > 波密县 > 米林县 > 工布江达县,蕴藏量多的察隅县为20.731 T,占总的30.635%,最小的林芝县为0.394 T,仅占总的0.582%,朗县未发现有此资源。经调查分析,林芝地区卵萼花锚资源具有分布广泛但不均匀,储备量大且经济价值高的特点。目前林芝地区卵萼花锚经济价值为2030余万元人民币,建议加强科学研究,采取有效措施保护和利用好该资源。
The Experimental Satellite on Electro-magnetism Monitoring

The Experimental Satellite on Electromagnetism Monitoring (ESEM) was proposed in 2003 and proved in 2013 after 10-years' scientific demonstration. The ESEM mission was proposed to be the first satellite of space-based geophysical fields observation system in China with a lot of application prospects in earthquake science, geophysics, space sciences and so on. And coincide with the mission objectives, the satellite decides to use the Circular Sun Synchronous Orbit with an altitude of 507 km and descending node time at 14:00 LT. The payload assemble includes 8 instruments, Search-Coil Magnetometer, Electric Field Detector, High precision Magnetometer, GNSS occupation Receiver, Plasma Analyzer, Langmuir Probe, Energetic Particle Detector, and Three-frequency Transmitter. According to the planned schedule, the satellite is due to be launched in 2016-2017 and will be onboard operated for 5 years.
Construction of a 2D Cd(II) Network with Homohelical Chains Based on 1,3-Dipyridyl Benzene (Dpb) and 4,4'-Sulfonyldibenzoic Acid (H_2sdb)

A two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer {[Cd_2(sdb)_2(dpb)_2] ?3H_2O}_n (1) was prepared by solvothermal reaction of two types of V-shaped ligands: 1,3-dipyridyl benzene (dpb) and deprotonated 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (H_2sdb). It was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Fdd2 with a = 46.247(10), b = 9.994(2),c = 24.267(6) A, V= 11216(4) A~3, C_(60)H_(46)Cd_2N_4O_(15)S_2,M_r = 1387.97,D_c = 1.559 g/cm~3, F(000) = 5296.0,μ = 0.902 mm~(-1) and Z = 8. Each [Cd(COO)]_2 cluster links four sdb~(2-) anions to form infinitely ABAB stacked 2D wave-like sheets, in which each sheet contains the same helical chains, and the helical directions of sheets A and B are reversed. Dpb links the rest coordinated sites of [(COO)Cd]_2 cluster to form a 2D network. In addition, the solid fluorescence of 1 and dpb is also studied.
Morphology, Size-controlled Synthesis of CoO Nanostructure and Its Magnetic Property

CoO nanostructures with tunable morphology and size have been prepared via a simple one-pot solvothermal synthesis. The as-prepared nanoparticles were fully characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), etc. The morphology and size of the product can be easily controlled by adjusting the raw materials added. Reaction time and the solvent ratio also play important roles in the synthesis of octahedral nanostructures. The magnetic property of the as-prepared samples was also investigated.
High CO methanation activity on zirconia-supported molybdenum sulfide catalyst

In this study, different methods were used to prepare MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalysts for sulfur resistant methanation reaction. It was found that MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst prepared by one-step co-precipitation method achieved high methanation performance. CO conversion could reach up to 90%on 25 wt%MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst, much higher than that on the conventional 25 wt%MoO_3/Al_2O_3 catalyst. The Mo-based catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, Raman, BET, TEM and H2-TPR etc. It was found that MoO_3 particles were highly dispersed on ZrO_2 support for 25 wt%MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst prepared at 65-85℃ because of its relatively larger pore size, which contributed to a high CO conversion. Meanwhile, when MoO_3 loading exceeded the monolayer coverage, the formed crystalline MoO_3 and ZrMo_2O_8 might block the micropores of the catalyst and make the methanation activity declined. These results are useful for preparing highly efficient catalyst for CO methanation process.
腕关节多发无菌性坏死一例

1910年Preiser描述了手舟骨的一种较罕见的骨炎,即现在所认为的“Preiser Dieases”,他认为其发病机制:由于手舟骨的血液供应中断,导致骨中心区骨质疏松,进而发生骨折。Ferlic等研究给出了疾病的发病机理,包括外因及内因,外因:类固醇激素治疗、酗酒、外伤或是反复轻微损伤等等;内因:遗传因素、生物化学因素及系统性疾病等可能原因;这些因素均可导致局部骨质缺血,进而引起骨坏死。综合现有的报道,腕骨无菌性坏死的病因可能是由多种因素造成的,以下几种情况者易发生:(1)木工、搬运工、锻工、风镐工等腕部反复轻微损伤者;(2)腕骨骨折、腕关节脱位等腕部发生过严重外伤者;(3)20~40岁的重体力劳动者;(4)有腕尺骨负变异或桡骨远端关节面尺偏角变小者;(5)长期使用激素者、患有系统性疾病者。在一个和数个致病因素影响下,可增加腕骨的负荷和损伤骨内微血管,而这些腕骨如为单一血供或出现细菌性栓塞及血管炎时,再发生急性骨折或反复微损伤,或腕骨压力增加,静脉回流受阻,继而动脉血供不足,营养障碍,可发生腕骨无菌性坏死。
Photometric study of an eclipsing binary in the field of M37

CCD photometric observations with B and V passbands were performed on the contact binary V3 in the field of open cluster M37. The solutions were obtained for data from both B and V passbands along with R passband given by Hartman et al. using the Wilson-Devinney code. The positive O’Connell effect was observed in all the three passbands and its associated cool spot parameters were derived. The results indicate that the spot parameters have not shown any significant variability during the last four years. The spot radius was found to be 40° and located close to the equator of the secondary component. The absolute parameters of the system were derived using the empirical relations given by Gazeas et al.
The “Valley Economy” Model of Regional Development: A Case Study of Mountain Areas in Beijing, Northern China

A case study is presented of a regional development model for valley economies in the mountain areas of Beijing, China. The nature and framework of the valley economy model are described and the development of the model, which is specific to the mountain areas of Beijing, is analyzed. Five different valley economy models applied in the Beijing mountain areas are compared. The major purpose of the valley economy model is to develop the regional economy, including the selection of appropriate industries, the allocation of industrial space, the establishment of supply chains and the integration of various industries. Pilot experiments using the valley economy model have been conducted in seven counties (districts) in Beijing: Pinggu, Huairou, Changping, Mentougou, and Fangshan districts, and Yanqing and Miyun counties. Five models for developing the Beijing mountain areas have been explored, including: creative cultural industries, characteristic industry clusters, the promotion of large tourist areas, natural scenic tourism and folk cultural tourism. Each model has its own unique features and potential to help in the regional development of mountain areas.
Case History of the Disastrous Debris Flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County, Tibet, China: Some Mitigation Suggestions

Debris flows and landslides, extensively developing and frequently occurring along Parlung Zangbo, seriously damage the Highway from Sichuan to Tiebt (G318) at Bomi County. The disastrous debris flows of the Tianmo Watershed on Sept. 4, 2007, July 25, 2010 and Sept. 4, 2010, blocked Parlung Zangbo River and produced dammed lakes, whose outburst flow made 50 m high terrace collapse at the opposite bank due to intense scouring on the foot of the terrace.As a result, the traffic was interrupted for 16 days in 2010 because that 900 m highway base was destructed and 430 m ruined. These debris flows were initiated by the glacial melting which was induced by continuous higher temperature and the following intensive rainfall, and expanded by moraines along channels and then blocked Parlung Zangbo. At the outlet of watershed,the density, velocity and peak discharge of debris flow was 2.06 t/m~3, 12.7 m/s and 3334 m~3/s, respectively. When the discharge at the outlet and the deposition volume into river exceeds 2125 m~3/s and 126×10~3 m~3, respectively, debris flow will completely blocked Parlung Zangbo. Moreover,if the shear stress of river flow on the foot of terrace and the inclination angel of terrace overruns 0. 377 N/m~2 and 26°, respectively, the unconsolidated terrace will be eroded by outburst flow and collapse. It was strongly recommended for mitigation that identify and evade disastrous debris flows, reduce the junction angel of channels between river and watershed, build protecting wall for highway base and keep appropriate distance between highway and the edge of unconsolidated terrace.
Intermediate-term mortality and incidence of ICD therapy in octogenarians after cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background Clinical outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients over the age of 80 have not been well described. Methods We retrospectively identified 96 consecutive patients ≥ 80 years old who underwent an initial implant or an upgrade to CRT, with or without defibrillator (CRT-D vs. CRT-P), at our institution between January 2003 and July 2008. The control cohort consisted of 177 randomly selected patients < 80 years old undergoing CRT implant during the same time period. The primary efficacy endpoint was all-cause mortality at 36 months, assessed by Kaplan-Meier time to first event curves. Results In the octogenarian cohort, mean age at CRT implant was 83.1 ± 2.9 years vs. 60.1 ± 8.8 years among controls (P < 0.001). Across both groups, 70% were male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 24.8% ± 14.1% and QRS duration was 154 ± 24.8 ms, without significant differences between groups. Octogenarians were more likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy (74% vs. 37%, P < 0.001) and more likely to undergo upgrade to CRT instead of an initial implant (42% vs. 19%, P < 0.001). The rate of appropriate defibrillator shocks was lower among octogenarians (14% vs. 27%, P= 0.02) whereas the rate of inappropriate shocks was similar (3% vs. 6%, P = 0.55). At 36 months, there was no significant difference in the rate of all-cause mortality between octogenarians (11%) and controls (8%, P = 0.381). Conclusion Appropriately selected octogenarians who are candidates for CRT have similar intermediate-term mortality compared to younger patients receiving CRT.
Amphiphilic ABC Triblock Terpolymer Templating for Mesoporous Silica

Self-assembled triblock terpolymers have attracted intense attention in recent years because of their abundant variety of assembly mesostructure. We reported the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials with the amphiphilic ABC triblock terpolymer polyethylene-poly (ethylene oxide) -polycaprolactone (PE-PEO-PCL) as a template and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica source. Increasing the hydrophilic head group (PEO) led to the decrease of packing parameter g, which gave rise to the mesophase transformation from a cylindrical two-dimensional hexagonal P6mm structure to a cage-type face centered cubic closed-packing mesostructure. This new templating route provided a new insight into the template factor governed inorganic-organic self-assembly mesophases.