mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
“国际年代地层表”(2013)介绍

国际地层委员会2012年8月在澳大利亚召开的第三十四届国际地质大会期间推出了“国际年代地层表”(2012)。与“国际地层表”(2008)相比,新的“国际年代地层表”添加了3个GSSP(“金钉子”): 古近系始新统卢泰特阶Lutetian的下界、侏罗系下侏罗统赫塘阶Hettangian的下界(即侏罗系的下界)、寒武系芙蓉统江山阶Jiangshanian的下界;几乎全面地修订了显生宇各年代地层单位的年龄数据;在第四系中取消了“伊奥尼雅阶Ionian”,并正式将杰拉阶Gelasian划归第四系,与此相应,1996年被批准为杰拉阶Gelasian的下界的GSSP在2009年又将该界线批准为更新统Pleistocene和第四系下界的GSSP,1985年被批准为更新统下界的 GSSP在2011年被改批为卡拉布里雅阶Calabrian下界的GSSP。
腰动脉合并骶正中动脉变异1例

在教学标本制作中发现,1例成年男性尸体(身长154.0cm)的腰动脉合并骶正中动脉变异。异常腰动脉的右侧4支,左侧3支,左侧第4腰动脉缺如。上3对腰动脉左右侧对称,分布于腰部的骨骼肌等。右侧第3腰动脉与第4腰动脉之间的距离2.70cm;骶正中动脉从右侧第4腰动脉发出,距第4腰动脉起始部0.6cm。右侧腰动脉和骶正中动脉共干处位于第3?4腰椎椎间盘的下方,外径2.32 mm;骶正中动脉在第4腰推体平面的外径1.82 mm。骶正中动脉起始部距腹主动脉分叉处1.04 cm,至骶岬上缘的长度8.56 cm,与第4腰动脉夹角呈47°,与躯体矢状轴夹角呈32°。骶正中动脉在腹主动脉后方下行,至腹主动脉分叉处后,经左髂总静脉深面,沿骶骨盆面的正中线下行,分布于直肠后壁和骶骨等。
股直肌腱鞘巨细胞瘤~(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像一例

目前手术根治性切除是本病的主要治疗措施,但术后复发率高达9% ~ 44%。有文献报道,术后放疗可提高对肿瘤局部的控制,降低复发率。本例患者巨细胞瘤起源于股直肌腱鞘,较为罕见,相关PET/CT表现也鲜有报道。临床表现生长在腱鞘或关节周围、~(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像呈结节状放射性浓聚、MRI示T_1WI低信号、T_2WI压脂序列扫描略高信号时,应考虑腱鞘巨细胞瘤可能。
鼻镜集中供应的管理

根据卫生部《医院消毒供应中心管理规范》要求,供应室2010年对临床重复使用鼻镜采用统一回收处理集中供应模式,两年来科室不断改进处理流程,对其进行规范化专业化流程管理,效果良好。
消毒供应中心手术诊疗包管理系统的应用

2009年4月1日卫生部发布的消毒供应中心管理规定要求:清洗、消毒、灭菌的记录应具有可追溯性。为符合国家管理规范的要求,医院自2010年10月份开始在全军卫生医疗系统首家引进“消毒供应中心手术诊疗包管理系统”,实现了重复使用诊疗器械、器具和物品回收、清洗、消毒、灭菌发放、使用等多环节全封闭、可追溯的智能化管理目标。规范了工作流程,方便了成本核算和控制,提高了工作效率,达到了手术诊疗包质量追溯的管理要求。
双侧输卵管原位癌1例报告并文献复习

原发性输卵管癌(primary carcinoma of fallopian tube)是女性生殖道少见的恶性肿瘤,约占女性生殖道恶性肿瘤的0.14% ~ 1.8%,发病高峰年龄为54 ~ 66岁,2/3为绝经后发病,40岁以下发病少于9%[1]。因输卵管位于腹腔内,输卵管癌早期无症状,体征多不典型,易被忽视或延误诊断,故早期发现输卵管癌较少,双侧输卵管原位癌更为罕见,多为其他原因切除输卵管偶被发现。吉林大学第二医院收治1例。现报道如下。
腹膜透析与高磷血症

高磷血症在终末期肾病患者中广泛存在。越来越多的证据表明高磷血症是慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血管钙化发生和进展的主要因素,并与心血管疾病发病率和病死率的增加密切相关。高磷血症不仅可导致钙磷在血管的被动沉积,还可以直接诱导血管平滑肌细胞发生钙化或转变为成骨样细胞。因此,在临床实践指南中对于血磷的控制标准也逐渐严格,2002年K/DOQI推荐血磷水平应控制在1.7765mmol/L(5.5mg/dl)以下,而到2009年K/DIGO则指出血磷水平应控制在正常范围。
珠海市部分医院使用艾普拉唑肠溶片的安全性评价

目的:观察艾普拉唑肠溶片上市后珠海医院的使用情况,评估其安全性及相关影响因素。方法:选择使用艾普拉唑肠溶片治疗的患者,随访调查不良事件和不良反应发生情况。结果:对1 969例次使用艾普拉唑肠溶片的患者进行随访调查,出现38例共发生48次不良事件,发生率为1.93%;33例共40次不良反应,发生率为1.68%,其主要表现为口干、头晕、口苦、腹泻、胸闷、恶心等。结论:使用艾普拉唑肠溶片未发生严重不良反应,相对比较安全。
继发性肾损害的分子机制及防治药物的研究进展

介绍继发性肾损害的分子机制及其防治药物的研究进展。根据国内外的文献资料,进行整理归纳。肾脏损害主要与炎症因子、氧化应激、血管活性物质、转化生长因子及细胞凋亡因子相关。研究表明许多天然或人工合成的化学药物通过作用于上述肾脏损害中的特异性分子发挥肾脏保护作用。继发性肾损害有望通过药物的干预进行早期防治。
跟腱缺损并跟后区皮肤软组织缺损的治疗

目的探讨应用三种方法修复跟腱缺损并跟后区皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2008年6月至2012年6月,分别采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣加腓肠肌腱瓣V-Y推进延长或长屈肌腱动力重建、全腓肠肌推进肌皮瓣、局部旋转皮瓣加腓肠肌腱瓣V-Y推进延长,对13例跟腱缺损并跟后皮肤软组织缺损的患者进行创面修复,重建跟腱功能。结果1例全腓肠肌推进肌皮瓣创缘近侧小部分皮肤浅层发生坏死,经换药后脱痂治愈,13例患者中9例得到8个月?3年的随访,皮瓣外形及色泽满意,患肢提踵功能正常,正常速度行走步态无异常,2例快速行走时轻度跛行。根据Arner-Lindholm评分标准评定:优7例,良2例,无差病例。结论针对不同类型的跟腱缺损合并皮肤软组织缺损选择合适的治疗方式,不但可以获得较好的功能与外形,而且可以有效的缩短病程。
“异病同治”理论在糖尿病微血管病变中的应用

以糖尿病微血管病变(DM)治疗现状的局限性为出发点,阐述中医学"异病同治"理论的渊源及内涵,探索DM"异病同治"的基础,并在临床实践中证实"异病同治"理念在DM防治中的重要作用,最后提出将该理念推广运用的几点设想。
沙利度胺治疗克罗恩病的研究进展

克罗恩病是消化道慢性炎性反应性疾病,可累及全消化道,常合并口腔溃疡、关节疼痛、虹膜睫状体炎、结节性红斑等肠外表现。针对克罗恩病的免疫调节治疗已有重大进展,目前的治疗药物包括硫唑嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、他克莫司、环孢素、英夫利西单克隆抗体、阿达木单克隆抗体、塞妥珠单克隆抗体等。虽然已有多种治疗方案,但仍有1/3的克罗恩病患者使用上述治疗方法诱导缓解失败,缓解的患者中45%存在糖皮质激素依赖。还有部分患者因不良反应大或合并结核分枝杆菌感染而无法使用上述药物治疗。71%的克罗恩病患者在10年病程内因严重的瘘管或肠腔狭窄需要外科干预。故探索难治性克罗恩病的有效治疗方法迫在眉睫。研究显示,沙利度胺有望成为治疗难治性克罗恩病的有效药物,现将其研究进展综述如下。
腹腔镜手术治疗小儿鞘膜积液1220例报道

鞘膜积液是小儿常见疾病,传统的手术方法为开放手术结扎鞘状突,近年来腹腔镜技术逐渐得以应用。我院2008年1月至2012年1月,采用经腹腔镜处理内环口的方法治疗小儿鞘膜积液1220例,获得良好效果,现报道如下。
中国大陆地区胆道闭锁诊断及治疗(专家共识)

胆道闭锁(biliary atresia,BA)是我们目前研究很多而了解甚少的疾病之一,其在成活新生儿中的发病率约在1/5000至1/12 000。根据其近端胆道梗阻的位置,病理上分为三型:I型约占2%,为胆总管下端闭锁,通常有近端扩张的囊性结构或扩张胆管;Ⅱ型约占2%,闭锁发生在肝总管水平;绝大多数患儿属Ⅲ型(占90%以上),肝门部绝大多数肝外胆道均实变,然而这其中多数患儿仍残留有或多或少的毛细胆管与肝内胆道沟通。
Scaffold attachment factor Bl: an intrinsic inhibitor of androgen receptor downregulated in prostate cancer

The androgen receptor (AR) is a pleiotrophic transcription factor that regulates expression of a large number of genes involved in many diverse cellular processes. The AR activation pathways have been studied extensively. However, the molecular mechanism and biological significance of AR inhibitory signals remain poorly understood. Mukhopadhyay et al have now identified the nuclear matrix protein scaffold attachment factor Bl (SAFB1) as a novel AR corepressor. The authors found that SAFB1 physically associates with AR protein and inhibits AR transcriptional activity and androgen-sensitive gene expression. SAFB1 had no effect on chromatin occupancy of AR, but silencing of SAFB1 abolished recruitment MST1, a known AR repressor, at AR target loci. They also showed that SAFB1 interacts with EZH2, SUZ12 and EED, three core components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes the gene repression histone modification H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). The authors further showed that forced expression of SAFB1 increases H3K27me3 at AR target loci and this effect requires EZH2. Finally, the authors demonstrated that expression of SAFB1 is downregulated in human prostate cancer (PCa) specimens and SAFB1 knockdown results in an aggressive phenotype of PCa. These findings identify SAFB1 as an important node for integration of multiple inhibitory signals of AR, which represents a viable pathway for therapeutic intervention of PCa.
青藏高原表层土壤湿度遥感反演及其空间分布和多年变化趋势分析

青藏高原地区高精度的长时间序列的土壤水分数据对亚洲季风和全球大气循环研究有着极大的影响, 但目前青藏高原地区地面站点稀少, 已严重影响青藏高原气候变化研究. 本文基于双通道土壤水分反演算法和AMSR-E卫星数据反演青藏高原地区2003~2010年表层土壤水分, 并分析青藏高原地区土壤水分空间分布的季节性变化及多年变化趋势的空间分布. 与地面站点土壤水分比较, 新算法反演的土壤水分产品精度在地面站点区域, 优于AMSR-E官方产品. 通过对青藏高原年平均土壤水分空间分布和月平均土壤水分空间分布的季节性变化进行分析, 结果表明二者与青藏高原降雨分布和水汽输送路径一致. 基于此产品对青藏地区的多年土壤水分变化趋势空间分布进行了分析, 通过与同一时期青藏高原气象站点的降水量数据的变化趋势比较, 发现土壤水分变化趋势和降水量的变化趋势在空间分布上比较吻合.
中国华南大陆构造与问题

在前人成果基础上, 通过以构造为主的多学科综合调研, 重新审视认知华南大陆构造及其形成演化. 厘定新元古代以来该大陆具有二大地块、三大类型构造单元与四大变形构造系统, 由此构成华南大陆构造基本格局. 研究揭示其不同构造演化阶段具有不同性质和机制及构造特征, 经历了四个不同属性特点的演化阶段, 包括: (1)新元古代古板块构造的拼合与裂解, 尤其陆内伸展裂谷构造; (2)显生宙以来在板块构造围限下的早古生代与中生代初两期陆内造山作用, 形成两期复合的陆内造山构造区; (3)统一华南大陆内扬子克拉通与陆内造山的长期并行演化和克拉通的多期逐次迁移活化; (4)中新生代现代全球板块构造体制下的板块构造与陆内构造的复合差异演化及动力学特征. 本文旨在综合多学科研究, 对比中国大陆与全球地质, 总结华南大陆构造的基本特征、属性以及所反映的具有普适性的大陆特性和构造规律并梳理有待进一步探讨的主要科学问题, 从而系统地探讨大陆构造与成因及动力学机制, 探索回答板块构造尚不能解决的大陆问题, 深化发展板块构造, 为构建大陆构造与大陆动力学理论系统做出努力.
Technetium ~(99m)Tc tilmanocept

2013年3月13日，美国食品药品管理局批准tech-netium ~(99m)Tc tilmanocept 注射液（商品名为 Lymphoseek)在美国上市，Lymphoseek由Navidea生物制药公司开发， 是一种针对放射性药物的受体，它能识别并确定众多淋巴结中癌变概率最高者，从而帮助医生对癌症患者进行分期, 临床上可用于协助原发性乳腺癌/黑色素瘤患者切除淋巴结。它是近30年批准的第一个定位于淋巴结的诊断药物。
2013年夏季气候特点及其对农业生产的影响

2013年夏季(6-8月),全国大部地区气温正常或偏高1~2℃,光照正常或略偏多,南方大部降水正常,北方大部降水明显偏多;夏季主要农区光温水条件匹配良好,大部时段农田墒情适宜。不同地区发生了台风、病虫害和阶段低温等灾害,但对农业生产影响不大,气象条件总体利于大部地区秋收作物旺盛生长和产量形成。东北地区和华南沿海等地暴雨洪涝、长江中下游地区高温伏旱,对区域农业生产造成一定不利影响。
对|"有限填土静止土压力系数计算方法研究"讨论的答复

值得说明的是，在填土水平，墙背光滑条件下，规范法有限填土主动土压力计算方法与静止土压力具有相同的形式，不同的是所用的内摩擦角不同。主动土压力用的是极限状态的内摩擦角，而静止土压力用的是侧限内摩擦角，即激发角。原文图7规范法计算的主动土压力无误。
关于"基于e-p压缩曲线和p-s载荷沉降曲线的浅基础沉降的内插算法"的讨论

《岩土工程学报》2013年第4期刊出“基于e-p压缩曲线和p - s载荷沉降曲线的浅基础沉降的内插算法” 一文(以下简称“原文”)，作者王洪新博士提出了一种地基沉降计算的新思路，即以侧限压缩试验为基础的分层总和法作为同样基底压力下实际基础沉降计算值的上限，以载荷板试验得到的p-s 曲线作为同样基底压力下实际基础沉降计算值的下限，实际基础的沉降介于上、下限之间，通过内插法计算得到。拜读原文后，笔者有如下意见与王博士商榷.
海洋无脊椎生物受精动力学模型：研究方法与应用

众所周知受精是物种繁衍的重要一步。不同于具有体内受精特性的物种,很多海洋无脊椎生物直接将精卵排放到自然水体中,不具有复杂的交配行为,不存在生物个体水平上的性选择(Sexual selection),其受精率主要依赖于水中精卵的相互作用。在理想状态下从生物物理学角度考虑,具有生殖细胞自由排放(Free-spawning)特性的水生生物,其生殖细胞在受精过程前散布于三维立体空间内,因此其受精率直接与精卵碰撞概率(β0)和每次碰撞能实现受精的概率(β)密切相关。其中,精卵碰撞概率(β0)与每次碰撞能实现受精的概率(β)又直接取决于精子运动速度、运动形式、半衰期、趋化性、卵子大小以及精卵浓度等精卵特性。而且因为缺少了个体水平的性选择,自由排放生殖细胞的海洋无脊椎生物的精卵直接处于性选择压力之下。Levitan于1996年在《Nature》上首次对海洋无脊椎动物生殖细胞性状在性选择压力下趋于进化稳定策略(evolutionarily stable strategies, ESS)进行了报道分析。根据海胆中的实验证明,在精子竞争(Sperm competition)与精子限制(Sperm limitation)进化选择压力下,海洋无脊椎动物的精子、卵子分别逐步趋向于高游动速度、短半衰期、小半径、低亲和性与低游动速度、长半衰期、大半径、高亲和性的精卵性状进化动态平衡,以实现生物适应度(Fitness)的最优化。因此通过精子竞争或精子限制,获得最优化的精卵碰撞概率(β0)和每次碰撞能实现受精的概率(β)是生殖细胞进化的主驱动力之一。这些受精动力学参数(β,β0)的研究对于揭示海洋无脊椎动物受精机制与生殖细胞进化趋势具有重要的科学意义。
中西药结合治疗儿童重度感染人舌形虫病的疗效观察

目的观察中西药结合治疗儿童重度感染人舌形虫病的临床疗效。方法对3例感染舌形虫患儿采用驱虫药辅助中药治疗，观察治疗后患者的症状、体征、虫体排出的时间。结果3例患儿经中西药结合治疗后，虫体排出，症状消退。结论中西药结合治疗儿童重度感染人舌形虫病疗效显著。
骨纤维异常增殖症的发病机制及治疗的研究进展

骨纤维异常增殖症(FD)是一种骨发育异常疾病。近年来随着细胞和分子生物学研究的不断深入,FD的一些信号通路得以不断的确认,继而出现了新的治疗手段。但其发病机制尚未完全明确,在治疗策略上仍存在较大争议。本文作者就FD的基因突变、信号通路以及手术、药物治疗进展等方面作一综述,为分子生物学的治疗提供理论依据,以期通过合理的治疗达到改善预后的目的。
Effect of Finishing Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed TRIP Steels

Different samples of TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel obtained by two different hot-rolling schedules are investigated by using a SEM (scanning electron microscope). The microstructure is characterized by using an OM (optical microscope) for phase distribution and by EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) for texture and phase mapping. ODF (orientation distribution function) graphs are used to investigate the effect of recrystallization behavior of the hot-deformed austenite on phase transformation during the controlled cooling process. The mechanical behavior is interpreted in terms of the strength of both hard and soft phases, in combination with the quantity, location and transformation kinetics of the mechanically induced martensite (TRIP effect). The results show that more austenite grains exist in the steels obtained at finishing rolling temperature (FRT) of 750 ℃, which inherited the deformation structure after the hot-rolling process. The instantaneous n value (ni) of those steels is kept high during a large range of strain before failure, while the tensile strength and total elongation of the steels with respect to the different finishing rolling temperatures do not show any significant differences.
Soil Microbial Community Composition During Natural Recovery in the Loess Plateau, China

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of soil microbial community composition and its relationship with soil chemical properties during natural recovery in the Loess Plateau. The soil microbial community composition was analyzed by comparing the soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of eight croplands abandoned for 1, 3, 5, 10, 13, 15, 20, and 30 yr in the Dunshan watershed, northern Loess Plateau, China. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil microbial biomass nitrogen signiifcantly increased with the abandonment duration, whereas the metabolic quotient signiifcantly decreased. The Shannon richness and Shannon evenness of PLFAs signiifcantly increased after 10 yr of abandonment. Gram-negative, Gram-positive, bacterial, fungal, and total PLFAs linearly increased with increased abandonment duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the abandonment duration was the most important environmental factor in determining the PLFA microbial community composition. The soil microbial PLFAs changed from anteiso-to iso-, unsaturated to saturated, and short-to long-chain during natural recovery. Therefore, in the Loess Plateau, cropland abandonment for natural recovery resulted in the increase of the soil microbial PLFA biomass and microbial PLFA species and changed the microbial from chemolithotrophic to a more heterotrophic community.
Application of Mulching Materials of Rainfall Harvesting System for Improving Soil Water and Corn Growth in Northwest of China

The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of China. To determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use efifciency (WUE), a ifeld experiment was conducted during 2008-2010 at the Heyang Dryland Experimental Station, China. Four treatments were used in the study. Furrows received uncovered mulching in all RFRH treatments whereas ridges were mulched with plastic iflm (PF), biodegradable iflm (BF) or liquid iflm (LF). A conventional lfat ifeld without mulching was used as the control (CK). The results indicated that the average soil water storage at depths of 0-200 cm were 8.2 and 7.3%, respectively higher with PF and BF than with CK. However, LF improved soil water storage during the early growth stage of the crop. Compared with CK, the corn yields with PF and BF were increased by 20.4 and 19.4%, respectively, and WUE with each treatment increased by 23.3 and 21.7%, respectively. There were no signiifcant differences in corn yield or WUE with the PF and BF treatments. The net income was the highest with PF, followed by BF, and the 3-yr average net incomes with these treatments were increased by 2 559 and 2 430 CNY ha~(-1), respectively, compared with CK. BF and PF had similar effects in enhancing the soil water content, crop yield and net income. Therefore, it can be concluded that biodegradable iflm may be a sustainable ecological alternative to plastic iflm for use in the RFRH system in northwest of China.
The Effect of Plastic-Covered Ridge and Furrow Planting on the Grain Filling and Hormonal Changes of Winter Wheat

Although plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting (RF) has been reported to produce substantial increases in the grain weight of winter wheat, the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. The present study used two cultivars, Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18, and RF and traditional lfatten planting (TF, control) with the objective of investigating the effect of RF on wheat grain iflling and the possible relationship of hormonal changes in the wheat grains under RF to grain iflling. The results indicated that RF signiifcantly increased the grain weight, although the effects on grain iflling were different: RF signiifcantly increased the grain-iflling rate and grain weight of inferior grains, whereas RF had no signiifcant effect on grain-iflling rate and grain weight of superior grains. The ifnal grain weight of inferior grains under RF was 39.1 and 50.7 mg for Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18, respectively, 3.6 and 3.4 mg higher than the values under TF. However, the ifnal grain weight of superior grains under RF was only 0.6 and 0.8 mg higher than under TF for Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18, respectively. RF signiifcantly decreased the ethylene and gibberellic acid content in the inferior grains and increased the indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and zeatin+zeatin riboside content in the inferior grains; however, no signiifcant difference between RF and TF was observed for the hormonal content in the superior grains. Based on these results, we concluded that RF signiifcantly modulated hormonal changes in the inferior grains and, thus, affected the grain iflling and grain weight of the inferior grains;in contrast, RF had no signiifcant effect on grain iflling, grain weight and hormonal changes in the superior wheat grains.
Impact Assessments of Transgenic cry1Ab Rice on the Population Dynamics of Five Non-Target Thrips Species and Their General Predatory Flower Bug in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields Using Color Sticky Card Traps

A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice (KMD1 and KMD2) with a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of ifve thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), F. tenuicornis (Uzel), Haplothrips aculeatus (Fabricius), Haplothrips tritici (Kurd) and their general predatory lfower bug, Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white, blue and yellow sticky card traps. Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these ifve thrips species and their general predatory lfower bug were not signiifcantly affected by rice type. Additionally, the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these ifve thrips species and their general predator. These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory lfower bug in the ifeld, and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.
Direct Modulation of Protein Level in Arabidopsis

Dear Editor,The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phenotypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain (DD) of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other proteins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 (Shld1) can bind DD and shield it from degradation. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shld1 concentration (Banaszynski et al., 2006). The DD–Shld1 system was further successfully applied in several other species, such as parasites Plasmodium falciparum (Armstrong and Goldberg, 2007) and Toxoplasma gondii (Herm-Gotz et al., 2007).
Involvement of the Hexose Transporter Gene LeHT1 and of Sugars in Resistance of Tomato to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Dear Editor,Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus infecting tomato crops (Czosnek, 2007). TYLCV-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines with the same genetic background have been bred using Solanum habrochaites as the resistance source. The gene(s) conferring resistance are unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that the hexose transporter gene LeHT1 is up-regulated upon infection in R plants and its silencing in R plants (RH) leads to the collapse of resistance (Eybishtz et al., 2010). To uncover the role of LeHT1 in resistance, we (1) analyzed the transcriptome reprogramming in leaves of S, R, and RH plants using a home-designed microarray, before and 7 d after TYLCV inoculation (0, 7 dpi), and (2) measured the concentration of sugars and their derivatives in S, R, and RH leaves at 1 and 7 dpi because LeHT1 is transporting both glucose and fructose (McCurdy et al., 2010).
1O2-Mediated and EXECUTER-Dependent Retrograde Plastid-to-Nucleus Signaling in Norflurazon-Treated Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana

Chloroplast development depends on the synthesis and import of a large number of nuclear-encoded proteins. The synthesis of some of these proteins is affected by the functional state of the plastid via a process known as retrograde signaling. Retrograde plastid-to-nucleus signaling has been often characterized in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to norflurazon (NF), an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Results of this work suggested that, throughout seedling development, a factor is released from the plastid to the cytoplasm that indicates a perturbation of plastid homeostasis and represses nuclear genes required for normal chloroplast development. The identity of this factor is still under debate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were among the candidates discussed as possible retrograde signals in NF-treated plants. In the present work, this proposed role of ROS has been analyzed. In seedlings grown from the very beginning in the presence of NF, ROS-dependent signaling was not detectable, whereas, in seedlings first exposed to NF after light-dependent chloroplast formation had been completed, enhanced ROS production occurred and, among others, 1O2-mediated and EXECUTER-dependent retrograde signaling was induced. Hence, depending on the developmental stage at which plants are exposed to NF, different retrograde signaling pathways may be activated, some of which are also active in non-treated plants under light stress.
Ultrasonic cavitation assisted solvothermal synthesis of superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of cubic zinc ferrites (Fd3m, a = 8.41(3)-8.44(1) A) were synthesized as a single phase by an ultrasonic cavitation-assisted solvothermal technique using ethyl alcohol-water mixed solvents at temperatures of 150°C or higher for 18 h or more. The influences of the ultrasonic cavitation and the use of C_2H_5OH-H_2O mixed solvents in diminishing average particle size and in improving particle size uniformity were illustrated. The largest average size of nanoparticles obtained was 20 nm as measured from SEM photographs, with crystallite size of approximately 10 nm as estimated from XRD results. The room-temperature field-dependent magnetization of the nanoparticles obtained showed a characteristic S feature with magnetization of 24.32 emu/g at 1 T.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase 2 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is Involved in Circadian Rhythm Regulation

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are known to play important roles in the folding of nascent proteins and in the formation of disulfide bonds. Recently, we identified a PDI from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPDI2) by a mass spectrometry approach that is specifically enriched by heparin affinity chromatography in samples taken during the night phase. Here, we show that the recombinant CrPDI2 is a redox-active protein. It is reduced by thioredoxin reductase and catalyzes itself the reduction of insulin chains and the oxidative refolding of scrambled RNase A. By immunoblots, we confirm a high-amplitude change in abundance of the heparin-bound CrPDI2 during subjective night. Interestingly, we find that CrPDI2 is present in protein complexes of different sizes at both day and night. Among three identified interaction partners, one (a 2-cys peroxiredoxin) is present only during the night phase. To study a potential function of CrPDI2 within the circadian system, we have overexpressed its gene. Two transgenic lines were used to measure the rhythm of phototaxis. In the transgenic strains, a change in the acrophase was observed. This indicates that CrPDI2 is involved in the circadian signaling pathway and, together with the night phase-specific interaction of CrPDI2 and a peroxiredoxin, these findings suggest a close coupling of redox processes and the circadian clock in C. reinhardtii.
Host Re-identification of Cyanophage PP and Its Implications for Host Range and Specificity

In this study,we re-identified the hosts of cyanophage PP. Twenty-three candidate algal strains were tested,and the results indicated that seven strains belonging to Plectonema and Phormidium are the hosts of cyanophage PP,including two previously reported filamentous cyanobacteria,Plectonema boryanum and Phormidium foveolarum (Zhao et al. 2002).
Improvement, validation and application of CFD/DEM model to dense gas-solid flow in a fluidized bed

Dense gas-solid flow with solid volume fraction greater than 10% and at moderate Reynolds number is important in many industrial facilities such as fluidized beds. In this work, the Euler-Lagrange approach in combination with a deterministic collision model is applied to a laboratory-scale fluidized bed. The fluid-particle interaction is studied using a new procedure called the offset method, which results in several numbers of spatial displacements of the fluid grid. The proposed method is highly precise in determining porosity and momentum transfer, thus improving simulation accuracy. A validation study was carried out to assess the results using this in-house CFD/DEM code against 5-s operation of a Plexiglas spouted-fluidized bed, showing good qualitative correlation of solid distribution in the bed and acceptable quantitative agreement of pressure drops at different positions in the bed. In view of high computing cost, special emphasis is placed on effective program design, such as application of advanced detection algorithm for particle-particle/wall collisions, the multi-grid method and parallel calculation. In this context, the influence of increasing the processor number, up to 36, on calculation efficiency was investigated.
Two Virus-like Particles that Cause Lytic Infections in Freshwater Cyanobacteria

We report the results of the preliminary isolation of two virus-like particles (VLPs) that are infectious to freshwater cyanobacteria from Lake Donghu,the largest urban lake in China,located in Wuhan City,Hubei Province. By light and transmission electron microscopy,we observed VLPs causing lytic infections in freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacteria,and we detected their infections by exposing the VLPs to 12 cyanobacterial strains,including Microcystis aeruginosa HAB1801 and Anabaena spiroides HAB1211. They were termed ‘Anabaena spiroides geminivirus-like (AsGV-L)' particles and ‘Microcystis aeruginosa corticovirus-like (MaCV-L)' particles,based on their ultrastructural morphological characteristics and host specificities.
胸腔镜辅助右胸小切口二尖瓣置换术(附45例报告)

随着二尖瓣手术技术稳定成熟,以及生活水平的不断提高,患者已经不满足于心内畸形的纠正,对于手术切口的美观要求也不断提高,传统的正中胸骨完全锯开的大切口已被各种微创手术所代替。我院2008年10月~2011年12月共完成45例右侧开胸胸腔镜辅助小切口二尖瓣置换术,无严重并发症,临床效果好,报道如下。