mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔连续5年115例非手术治愈报道

目的研究拓宽适应证选择下胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔(PGDU)非手术治疗效果。方法PDGU入院病例以宽适应证选择非手术的综合治疗,按临床标准评估疗效,并通过治疗后早期胃镜检查确诊穿孔病因。结果2011年1月至2016年8月间深圳中山大学附属第八医院胃肠外科共收治入院诊断为PGDU的患者115例,所有病例均非手术治愈,住院期间无1例并发感染性休克或死亡,并发症发生率7.0%。治愈病例中,住院同期接受胃镜检查确诊穿孔原因为胃或十二指肠溃疡111例(96.5%)。平均住院天数(6.8± 3.7)d,平均住院费用8 070元。结论规范化的非手术治疗对多数无严重并发症的PGDU行之有效。
SINR Driven Joint Network Selection Policy in the Heterogeneous Internet of Things

In the heterogeneous Internet of things (IoT), the Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and delay constraint are two important factors that influence the throughput of IoT and the performance of users. Until recently, most network selection policy researches were based on either the Shannon theory or the signal strength, while the combined influence of the delay constraint and the SINR, which has a significant impact on resource utilization, is hardly considered. We therefore propose an SINR driven joint network selection policy, which incorporates the delay constraint and the signal strength into the SINR. This policy permits IoT users to access the network with the maximum of SINR from all the available networks under the delay and signal strength constraints. Theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that the joint network selection policy can obtain the higher throughput of IoT and average SINR comparing with other polices.
复杂曲面高精度密封板制造工艺研究

介绍了采用MASTCANE软件进行复杂曲面高精度密封槽板的加工方法,并结合实际产品的加工,给出了如何从三维模型到实际产品的生产制造过程,并对过程中出现的问题进行了汇总分析,对过程中关键加工环节提出了合理的解决方法,通过实例的操作实施,提供了简单可行的方法路径。
基于云平台的动力设备远程故障诊断系统研究

总结了动力设备远程故障诊断系统的结构和相关技术方案,对工业云平台的国内外现状进行了综述,分析了基于工业云平台的动力设备远程故障诊断系统的结构。研究了基于云平台的动力设备远程故障诊断系统的开发技术,利用Bosh Lite搭建了一个私有的Cloud Foundry PaaS平台,完成了一个轴承故障诊断应用案例及其在私有云平台和公有云平台上的开发与应用,利用滚动轴承故障模拟实验台的实验数据对系统了测试。通过对比,发现并总结了基于云平台开发动力设备远程故障诊断系统的优点和面临的挑战。
自体耳垂脂肪在鼓膜成形术中的应用

目的探讨自体耳垂脂肪应用于鼓膜成形术的临床疗效。方法以48例(耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎(静止期)患者为研究对象,根据鼓膜穿孔最大直径分为中穿孔组(直径约3~5mm)25例(耳)、小穿孔组(直径小于3 mm)23例(耳);中穿孔组采用脂肪压片法,小穿孔组采用脂肪嵌入法分别进行鼓膜成形术;术后2周及1、3、6、12个月复查鼓膜穿孔的愈合情况及听力,比较术前与术后6个月语频区(0.5~4kHz)气导平均听阈及鼓膜愈合率。结果所有患者随访时间均超过6个月,鼓膜穿孔总愈合率95.83%(46/48),平均听力提高11.01±5.15dB;其中,小穿孔组鼓膜愈合率为95.65%(22/23),平均听力提高11.2±4.68dB,中穿孔组鼓膜愈合率为96.00%(24/ 25),平均听力提高10.8±5.72dB;48耳均未出现手术并发症。结论自体耳垂脂肪组织经压片法或嵌入法用于鼓膜中小穿孔修补术疗效好。
Tribological Characterization of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Processed by Powder Metallurgy

Aluminum (Al)-based aluminum oxide (Al_2O_3) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles hybrid metal matrix composites were processed by powder metallurgy technique, followed by sintering at 500 ℃ and then hot extrusion. The tribological properties of these composites with different weight fractions of Al_2O_3 and SiC were investigated; extrusion process significantly reduces the extent of porosity after cold compaction and sintering processes. Hybridization of the two reinforcements improved hardness and wear resistance of the composites. With an increase in SiC content, hardness was increased and consequently the wear resistance was enhanced also. Scanning electron microscopy observations show a better interfacial bond between matrix and reinforcements and a better distribution of the reinforcements.
Influence of Surface Finishing on High-Temperature Oxidation of AISI Type 444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Used in SOFC Stacks

This research is focused on the study of the samples, approximatively 15 × 30 mm~2 sized, that were mechanically cut from two sheets (0.4 and 0.2 mm thick, respectively) of AISI 444 Type ferritic stainless steel (FSS) (DIN 1.4521, Eu designation X2CrMoTi18-2); this material was in the 'as-rolled' state. Part of these specimens were treated superficially on one side using abrasive SiC papers with different average grit sizes (i.e., 46.2, 30.2, 18.3 μm) and diamond suspension (up to 1 μm) in order to obtain various surface roughness. Both the 'as-rolled' and superficially treated samples were then aged in a muffle furnace in static air according to a thermal cycle corresponding to the curing phase of an experimental glass used as sealing in the solid oxide fuel cell stacks. After aging, the chemical compositions and morphological peculiarities of the scale formed depending on the thickness of the samples and their surface state were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, bright field light optical microscopy. The obtained results show that all scales formed consist of an inner Cr_2O_3 subscale and an outer (Mn,Cr)_3O_4 spinel layer; the relationship between FSS grain size and scale microstructural features is consistent on the samples with mirror-like surface only; the scale thicknesses on SiC grinded samples are comparable; the scales covering the 'as-rolled' surfaces are morphologically similar to those grown on the surfaces finished with the 30.2 and 18.3 μm SiC papers, and their thicknesses show an intermediate situation between the abraded and the mirror-like specimens. The last described characteristics depend mainly on the surface and microstructural peculiarities resulting from the rolling process.
“宣透郁热”法在温病治疗中的运用

从卫气营血4个方面探讨“宣透郁热”法在温病辨证治疗中的运用: “在卫汗之可也”“到气才可清气”“入营犹可透热转气”,入血仍需宣畅气机。温病的本质是郁热,卫气营血的各个病理阶段皆然,需疏散郁结以达到气机的调畅,用药上重视风药的应用。郁热需治以宣达,风药不独解表,更因其辛温行散之力宣阳疏透、调畅气机,给邪以出路,能发郁热。清热养阴是温病的治疗大法,但针对温病“阳热怫郁”的特点,宣透郁热、透邪外出的应用亦值得重视。
中国高等植物受威胁物种名录

2008年,环境保护部和中国科学院联合启动了《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》的编制工作。通过这项工作,我们依据IUCN濒危物种红色名录标准对中国野生高等植物的濒危状况进行了全面评估,编制了中国高等植物红色名录。2013年9月,该名录以环境保护部、中国科学院第54号公告形式发布,即《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》(http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/ 201309/t20130912_260061.htm/)。本文以该名录为基础,依据2013年以后的新资料对名录及等级等信息进行了少量更新(董仕勇等, 2017;何强和贾渝, 2017;覃海宁等, 2017;杨永等, 2017)。因篇幅所限,本文仅列出了其中受威胁等级为极危(CR)、濒危(EN)和易危(VU)的物种,即受威胁物种,共3,879种,构成《中国高等植物受威胁物种名录》,每个物种包括学名、中文名、特有性,以及IUCN红色名录等级和标准等信息。
中国高等植物濒危状况评估

《中国高等植物红色名录》首次完成了中国35,000余种野生高等植物的濒危状况评估,于2013年由环境保护部和中国科学院以54号公告形式联合发布,这是继南非之后,全球生物多样性大国中第二个完成境内全部高等植物红色名录评估的国家。本期稿件是在2013年发布的名录基础上进行了少量更新和调整,由名录的4个评估小组首次详细介绍了中国苔藓植物(何强和贾渝, 2017)、蕨类植物(董仕勇等, 2017)、裸子植物(杨永等, 2017)和被子植物(覃海宁等, 2017b)红色名录的评估过程、发现和科学意义,并以开放获取期刊文献的方式发表了《中国高等植物受威胁物种名录》(覃海宁等, 2017a),供广大读者查阅检索。
骨折顺势复位固定理论在创伤骨科中的应用

“顺势”理念源远流长,古代先贤大禹在治水过程中,通过对洪水进行疏导而非单纯填堵,此为顺洪水之势。我国中医治疗骨折,如传统手法复位和“8”字形绷带固定锁骨骨折,是骨折顺势治疗的雏形。但是由于历史的局限性,尤其是对人体解剖缺乏科学的认知,中医各种正骨术不能有目的地、科学地利用人体各种机械轴线和骨关节与软组织的运行特点来复位骨折,不能有效维持骨与骨的良好对位,容易造成骨折复位的丢失。笔者以现代医学和科学技术为基础,提出了骨折顺势治疗理论,“顺势”主要体现在顺应人体骨与软组织的解剖特点和生理特性,对骨折进行“顺势”复位和“顺势”固定。人体经自然进化有多条机械轴线,例如人体下肢机械轴线是“髂前上棘-髌骨中点-1,2足趾之间”,即下肢负重力线;上肢不负重并有提携角,其械轴线包括“肩峰顶端-肱骨内外髁中心”和“尺桡骨中心-腕关节中心”。机体自身重力和软组织张力随机械轴线传导和转换,如果顺应机械轴线复位骨折,充分利用骨与软组织的生理特性,可达到“事半功倍”的效果。若与机械轴线相悖,不仅复位骨折所需力量大,而且容易导致旋转和成角,致使复位失败。笔者阐述骨折顺势复位固定理论的内涵,介绍该理论在各部位骨折微创治疗中的应用,为广大骨科医师提供新的思路。
气相色谱-质谱法测定驱蚊用品中避蚊胺的含量

蚊虫是夏季主要卫生害虫,被蚊虫叮咬会引起皮肤红肿、瘙痒等症状,且可能被传染多种疾病,严重危害人类健康。而避蚊胺(DEET),又称N,N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺,是一种广谱、高效、环保的人工合成昆虫驱避剂。DEET对苍蝇、虱子、蚂蚁、蚊子、蟑螂、蠓虫、白蛉、蝉等均有良好的驱避效果,是市售驱蚊用品(驱蚊花露水、驱蚊手环、驱蚊贴等)中广泛添加的主要驱蚊成分。但有研究表明, DEET可抑制哺乳动物的胆碱酯酶的活性,其安全性问题备受关注,而目前尚无相关检测标准。
老年高血压与中青年高血压中医治法及用药规律文献研究

目的探析老年高血压和中青年高血压中医治法和用药规律并比较二者的异同。方法纳入中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库中中医药治疗老年高血压和中青年高血压的临床研究,提取治法和用药信息建立处方数据库,并对数据进行频次、频率统计和聚类分析。结果共纳入老年高血压文献161篇,中青年高血压文献40篇。涉及中医治法16种,其中老年高血压中医治法频次在前4位的是活血(77)、滋养肝肾(68)、平肝潜阳(67)、益气(47);中青年高血压中医治法频次在前4位的是平肝潜阳(21)、清肝泻火(18)、活血(15)、化痰降浊(15)。治疗老年高血压相关方剂195首,涉及中药181味,频次最高的前10位依次是牛膝、茯苓、天麻、丹参、当归、钩藤、川芎、黄芪、泽泻、甘草;治疗中青年高血压相关方剂53首,涉及中药115味,频次最高的前10位依次是钩藤、茯苓、白芍、天麻、白术、黄芩、菊花、牛膝、石决明、泽泻。聚类分析结果显示,治疗老年高血压存在5个核心药物群,治疗中青年高血压存在7个核心药物群。结论老年高血压和中青年高血压在治法和用药上都强调平肝潜阳、活血,其中前者侧重于益气养血、补益肝肾,兼顾利湿化痰、凉肝熄风;后者则偏重于清热泻火、化痰降浊,同时兼顾滋阴潜阳、疏肝调脾。
柔性瞬态电子器件加工新技术:低成本制造可降解电路成为可能

可降解电子是一种新型的电子器件,由可降解的电子材料组成,在生理溶液或者环境溶液中能以可控的速率完全溶解、消失,安全被人体或者环境吸收。可降解电子在环保和健康医疗方面有着重要的应用。例如,可降解电子可作为传感器植入人体,检测温度、pH值、血压等重要的生理体征信息,完成短期监测任务后可安全地被人体吸收,从而避免二次手术移除器件,减轻病人负担,减少二次手术所带来的潜在感染风险。可降解电子亦可用于制备电子消费品和环境检测器,完成任务后可安全地在环境中降解消失,绿色环保,节约回收所需的人力物力财力。可降解电子主要由4部分核心材料组成:半导体、介质、金属导线以及高分子聚合物基底材料,通过新型的微纳制备工艺整合材料,实现功能性器件。
关于减少农业氨排放以缓解灰霾危害的建议

大量科学证据表明,灰霾主要是由碱性污染物氨(NH_3)与酸性污染物二氧化硫(SO_2)和氮氧化物(NO_x)在空气中发生化学反应,生成硫酸铵和硝酸铵,形成PM_(2.5)凝结核,吸水并结合其他污染物而形成(图1)。在NH_3大量存在的条件下,SO_2和NO_x形成PM_(2.5)的速度会急剧增加。NH_3在灰霾形成中的重要性,引起了全社会的高度关注。基于国家重大科学计划项目“我国活性氮源及其对空气质量与气候变化的影响机理研究”和我们长期“氮素循环与环境影响”的研究结果,提出种植和畜牧养殖氨气减排措施,供政府灰霾治理决策参考。
Dermoscopic Features and Gene Mutation in the Mevalonate Pathway of Five Sporadic Patients with Porokeratosis

Porokeratosis(PK), first described in 1983, is a chronic parakeratotic skin disorder. Clinical types include porokeratosis of Mibelli(PM), disseminated superficial PK, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis(DSAP),facial PK, and ptychotropica porokeratosis(PP). Dermoscopic images of PK show an obvious annular margin with scales and an atrophied center. Wood's lamp pictures of PK present a diamond necklace-like structure. Gene mutations in mevalonate pathway enzymes, such as mevalonate kinase(MVK), phosphomevalonate kinase(PMVK), mevalonate decarboxylase(MVD), and farnesyl diphosphate synthase(FDPS), may be involved in the pathogenesis of PK. In the present study,five sporadic patients with PK were recruited. Dermoscopic features were investigated, and genetic testing was conducted.
Special Photophysical Properties of Poly(2,11-diquinoxalinopyrene)s

A diquinoxalinopyrene (DQP) derivative and the corresponding oligomers (PDQPs) with M_n of ca. 3300, 4200, 5600,and 7300 have been synthesized. It is found that the band gaps and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels between DQP and its homopolymers only have a slight difference, implying a limited conjugation extension achieved from unimer to heptamer. The DFT calculation is in accordance with the experimental results. It reveals that the nodal planes are across the 2,11-positions in the LUMO and/or HOMO of DQP, dimer and trimer, which can be used to explain this special phenomenon.
重新审视幽门螺杆菌的诊治

30余年以前,当Warren和Marshall从胃炎患者的胃窦黏膜中分离并培养出一种螺旋形、微厌氧的微生物时,或许未曾预料,这个帮助他们荣膺2005年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖的细菌,足以颠覆人类对一些传统疾病的认识。这些年来,通过尝试用强有力的抑酸药和抗菌药物将H. pylori赶尽杀绝,治愈了多数的消化性溃疡、慢性胃炎、消化不良和早期的胃MALT淋巴瘤,甚至在预防胃腺癌的道路上也迈出了最重要的一步。2015年《H. pylori胃炎京都全球共识报告》的推出,更是一锤定音地将H. pylori阳性的胃炎直接定义为一种感染性疾病,写入国际疾病分类(international classification of diseases, ICD-11),同时通过了一条全新共识,即检测到H. pylori阳性的患者都该接受根除治疗,这是一向引领世界的Maastricht共识也尚未写入的决策。但是,医学工作者们似乎应该想到H. pylori这个全球成人感染率不低于50%的细菌,这个被人类放在显微镜下观察仅仅30余年的生命体,可能已经在人类身上存在了至少60 000年。很早就有学者提出,H. pylori或许是作为正常菌群的成员之一在人体寄生,并起到一些积极的作用。
Average iron isotopic compositions of the upper continental crust: constrained by loess from the Chinese Loess Plateau

Iron isotopic composition of the upper continental crust (UCC) is critical for understanding Fe mobilization and migration through the Earth. Because rocks exposed at Earth’s surface have heterogeneous δ~(56)Fe, finegrained clastic sediments can be used to estimate the average composition of UCC. In this study, we report δ~(56)Fe of loess-paleosol sequences from Yimaguan, Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), to constrain the average Fe isotopic composition of UCC. The loess-paleosol sequences in this area formed in glacial-interglacial cycles and are characterized by varying degrees of weathering. Our data show that the loess-paleosol layers have extremely homogeneous Fe isotopic compositions with δ~(56)Fe ranging from +0.06% to +0.12%, regardless of variations in the major element composition and weathering intensity. Our study indicates that since Fe isotopes are not significantly fractionated during loess deposition, the loess can be regarded as representative of UCC. It follows that the average δ~(56)Fe of UCC is 0.09% ± 0.03% (2SD), consistent with previous estimates based on igneous rock data.
The influence of atmospheric Hg on Hg contaminations in rice and paddy soil in the Xunyang Hg mining district, China

To date, the Xunyang mercury (Hg) mining district is the only ongoing large-scale Hg mining district in China. To understand the influence of Hg contamination mode from the Hg mining and smelting activities, 27 sampling sites in the Xunyang Hg mining district were chosen in this study. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) in ambient air was measured using a Lumex-RA915 automatic Hg analyzer in 2011. Rice samples and soil samples from rhizosphere were collected systematically and simultaneously. Total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in rice grain and soil samples and Hg speciation with modified sequential selective extractions were measured. The local environment was seriously polluted with Hg. The TGM (302 ± 376 ng·m~(-3), ranging from 24 to 2220 ng·m~(-3)) in the local ambient air, THg (28 ± 30 mg·kg~(-1), ranging from 0.31 to 121 mg·kg~(-1)) and MeHg (2.3 ± 1.9 μg·kg~(-1), ranging from 0.24 to 8.9 μg·kg~(-1)) in soil samples were at the sample level with Hg contaminated area. The THg concentration (26 ± 16 μg·kg~(-1) ranging from 4.5 to 71 μg·kg~(-1)) in most of the rice grain samples clearly exceeds the threshold level (20 μg·kg~(-1)) in the Chinese national guidelines for cereals (NY 861-2004). The inorganic mercury (IHg) (9.1 ± 5.6 μg·kg~(-1), ranging from 1.2 to 24 μg·kg~(-1)) and MeHg (14 ± 9.8 μg·kg~(-1), ranging from 2.1 to 59 μg·kg~(-1)) concentration in rice grain samples were at the same level with Hg contaminated area. The main species of Hg in paddy soils reveal strong complex Hg and residue Hg. According to the correlation analysis, a Hg pollution mode from local Hg mining and smelting was hypothesized, including Hg emission, transportation, methylation, and uptake process.
61例HIV抗体筛查呈反应性蛋白印迹试验阴性样本核酸检测结果分析

目前国内检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体最常用的方法有酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、快速检测(RT)、蛋白印迹试验(WB)等。ELISA试剂问世以来,性能不断改进,现有的第四代ELISA试剂在第三代基础上增加了p24抗原检测,从而实现了HIV抗原/抗体的同步检测。虽然WB是我国HIV的确证实验,但WB在早期感染者的检测中存在漏检风险,这严重影响我国艾滋病(AIDS)预防控制工作,而核酸检测技术能明显缩短HIV检测窗口期,有效防范漏检的发生。为明确HIV核酸检测技术在艾滋病确证诊断中的作用,本实验室对2013-2015年61例HIV筛查试验有反应、HIV核酸定量>5 000拷贝/mL、而确证试验阴性的样本,进行抗体检测及追踪调查,现将结果报告如下。
黔南州1997-2015年HIV/AIDS病人死亡因素分析

抗病毒治疗是延长HIV/AIDS病人生存时间的有利因素,早发现、早治疗是艾滋病防控的有效手段。提示相关部门应采取相应措施进一步发现早期患者,扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面,对不同人群进行合理的规范的管理和治疗,对HIV/AIDS病人也要继续加强干预措施和知识宣教,并提高治疗者的依从性,从各方面改善患者的生活质量,以延长HIV/AIDS病人的生存时间,并提高其生存质量。
压力性尿失禁病因学研究进展

压力性尿失禁(stress urinary inconvenience,SUI)是指咳嗽、喷嚏等腹压突然增加时,膀胱内压驱使尿液从尿道流出,而膀胱逼尿肌并不收缩所致的尿道内尿失禁。SUI是妇科一种常见病多发病,而且随着人口老龄化,发病率渐趋升高,严重影响着女性的生活质量,但SUI的病因至今尚未阐明,本文就近年来SUI发生发展的病因学相关的分子生物学、解剖学、生物电学、生物力学、遗传学、妊娠及中医相关研究进展综述如下。
土家医临床诊疗子宫颈癌特色研究

土家族是我国唯一不在边疆而聚居在内陆的少数民族,以“毕兹卡”为族称。土家族医药作为中华民族传统医药中的一员,同其他的民族医药一样,千百年来为民族繁荣、民众健康作出了突出贡献。土家医以其独特诊疗方式,使它鲜明地区别于其他民族医学体系。子宫颈癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率位于女性肿瘤的第2位。我国是世界上子宫颈癌发病率最高的国家之一,每年新发病例约13.15万例。而土家族聚集区的五峰县在上个世纪70年代就已经是我国子宫颈癌发病率最高的地区。该文通过运用土家医的诊断和治疗技法分析其在子宫颈癌中的诊疗特色,旨在丰富民族医药对子宫颈癌的认识,为进一步丰富发展临床特色诊疗提供理论基础。
朝医清心莲子汤治疗血管性痴呆患者86例的临床观察

目的观察朝医清心莲子汤提高血管性痴呆患者智能水平的临床疗效。方法根据血管性痴呆诊断标准,将符合血管性痴呆诊断的86例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组43例;对照组用盐酸多奈哌齐改善痴呆症状,治疗组在盐酸多奈哌齐治疗的基础上加用朝医清心莲子汤治疗,两组均治疗20周。评价两组治疗前后简易智能精神状态评估量表(MMSE)、日常生活功能量表(ADL)血管性痴呆量表(DSVD),采用经颅多普勒仪检测治疗前后ACA、MCA平均血流速度和搏动指数,治疗后疗效比较。结果治疗后两组患者MMSE、ADL、DSVD评分均较治疗前明显提高(P <0.05),ACA、MCA平均血流速度和搏动指数治疗组较对照组提高更明显(P<0.05),服药20周后,治疗组有效率88.4%,对照组有效率74.4%。结论清心莲子汤结合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗,比单纯用盐酸多奈哌齐治疗有更好的疗效,可提高智能水平,改善脑血流量和速度,是血管性痴呆防治中值得推广的有效方剂。
伊犁黑蜂蜂胶对牙釉质脱矿和再矿化作用的实验研究

目的通过体外实验研究伊犁黑蜂蜂胶对牙釉质脱矿和再矿化的作用,评价其作用效果。方法应用离体牛切牙制备釉质样本60个,随机分为3组: 氟化钠组(阳性对照)、去离子水组(阴性对照)和蜂胶组。分别进行体外脱矿和再矿化实验,应用扫描电镜观察釉质表面形态,采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察釉质脱矿程度,通过测量釉质切片的荧光面积、总荧光量和病损平均荧光量对抑制脱矿和促进再矿化的效果进行量化,采用单因素方差分析进行统计学分析。结果扫描电镜观察示: 脱矿后三组都可见釉质表面不平整,但氟化钠组和蜂胶组可见釉质表面颗粒的再附着,去离子水组釉质表面凹凸不平且未见颗粒附着; 再矿化后三组釉质表面都有不同程度的形态恢复,氟化钠组的釉质表面较脱矿后更加平整,有许多圆形或椭圆形的细密颗粒沉积,而去离子水组和蜂胶组仍可见釉柱中心发生脱矿所形成的凹坑。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察示: 脱矿后氟化钠组和蜂胶组的荧光面积、总荧光量和平均荧光量较去离子水组均小,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05); 蜂胶组的荧光面积、总荧光量和平均荧光量均较氟化钠组大,作用虽弱于氟化钠组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。再矿化后氟化钠组的荧光面积、总荧光量和平均荧光量较去离子水组和蜂胶组均小,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05); 蜂胶组的荧光面积、总荧光量和平均荧光量虽均较去离子水组小,但差异不具有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论伊犁黑蜂蜂胶能够有效抑制牙釉质脱矿,但不具备促进脱矿牙釉质再矿化的作用。
小脑蚓部少突胶质细胞瘤1例

少突胶质细胞瘤钙化较常见,CT对显示钙化敏感,但本例患者在术前未行CT检查;少突胶质细胞瘤MRI多表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI及FLAIR序列高信号,肿瘤边界清楚,可伴轻度瘤周水肿,增强后强化方式多样,可见囊变,但整个瘤体完全呈囊性者少见。本例肿瘤呈完全囊性,MR增强扫描表现为囊壁显著环状强化,且位于幕下小脑蚓部,影像诊断困难,易与髓母细胞瘤、毛细胞型星形细胞瘤及血管母细胞瘤相混淆。三者均好发于儿童及青少年。髓母细胞瘤多见于小脑蚓部,多以实性为主,可有小囊变,囊变明显者少见;毛细胞型星形细胞瘤好发于小脑,典型影像表现为以囊性病变为主,伴有壁结节的囊实性肿块,增强后实性部分强化,但囊壁不强化或轻度强化;血管母细胞瘤好发于小脑半球,也可见于小脑蚓部,大囊小结节为其典型影像学表现,增强后壁结节明显强化,肿瘤周围及壁结节内出现流空血管影。
Optimal feedback gains of a delayed proportional-derivative (PD) control for balancing an inverted pendulum

In the dynamics analysis and synthesis of a controlled system, it is important to know for what feedback gains can the controlled system decay to the demanded steady state as fast as possible. This article presents a systematic method for finding the optimal feedback gains by taking the stability of an inverted pendulum system with a delayed proportional-derivative controller as an example. First, the condition for the existence and uniqueness of the stable region in the gain plane is obtained by using the Dsubdivision method and the method of stability switch. Then the same procedure is used repeatedly to shrink the stable region by decreasing the real part of the rightmost characteristic root. Finally, the optimal feedback gains within the stable region that minimizes the real part of the rightmost root are expressed by an explicit formula. With the optimal feedback gains, the controlled inverted pendulum decays to its trivial equilibrium at the fastest speed when the initial values around the origin are fixed. The main results are checked by numerical simulation.
Gravitational effects on global hemodynamics in different postures: A closed-loop multiscale mathematical analysis

We present a novel methodology and strategy to predict pressures and flow rates in the global cardiovascular network in different postures varying from supine to upright. A closed-loop, multiscale mathematical model of the entire cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed through an integration of one-dimensional (1D) modeling of the large systemic arteries and veins, and zero-dimensional (0D) lumped-parameter modeling of the heart, the cardiacpulmonary circulation, the cardiac and venous valves, as well as the microcirculation. A versatile junction model is proposed and incorporated into the 1D model to cope with splitting and/or merging flows across a multibranched junction, which is validated to be capable of estimating both subcritical and supercritical flows while ensuring the mass conservation and total pressure continuity. To model gravitational effects on global hemodynamics during postural change, a robust venous valve model is further established for the 1D venous flows and distributed throughout the entire venous network with consideration of its anatomically realistic numbers and locations. The present integrated model is proven to enable reasonable prediction of pressure and flow rate waveforms associated with cardiopulmonary circulation, systemic circulation in arteries and veins, as well as microcirculation within normal physiological ranges, particularly in mean venous pressures, which well match the in vivo measurements. Applications of the cardiovascular model at different postures demonstrate that gravity exerts remarkable influence on arterial and venous pressures, venous returns and cardiac outputs whereas venous pressures below the heart level show a specific correlation between central venous and hydrostatic pressures in right atrium and veins.
Mechanisms of rectangular groove-induced multiple-microdroplet coalescences

The mechanism of microdroplet coalescence is a fundamental issue for droplet-based microfluidics.We developed an asymmetric expansion (a rectangular groove) along one side of a microchannel to achieve multiple-microdroplet trapping, collision, and coalescence. Compared with reported symmetric expansions, this asymmetric groove could easily trap microdroplets and control two or three microdroplet coalescences precisely without a requirement for temporal and spatial synchronization. To reveal the mechanisms of multiple-droplet coalescences in a groove, we observed five different coalescence patterns under different flow conditions. Moreover, we characterized the flow behavior quantitatively by simulating the velocity vector fields in both the microdroplets and continuous phase, finding good agreement with experiments. Finally, a map of coalescence forms with different capillary numbers (0.001 < Ca < 0.016) and flow ratios (0.1 < e < 0.9) was obtained. The results could provide a useful guidance for the design and application of droplet-based microfluidic devices.
Adaptive nonlinear model predictive control design of a flexible-link manipulator with uncertain parameters

This paper presents a novel adaptive nonlinear model predictive control design for trajectory tracking of flexible-link manipulators consisting of feedback linearization, linear model predictive control, and unscented Kalman filtering. Reducing the nonlinear system to a linear system by feedback linearization simplifies the optimization problem of the model predictive controller significantly, which, however, is no longer linear in the presence of parameter uncertainties and can potentially lead to an undesired dynamical behaviour. An unscented Kalman filter is used to approximate the dynamics of the prediction model by an online parameter estimation, which leads to an adaptation of the optimization problem in each time step and thus to a better prediction and an improved input action. Finally, a detailed fuzzy-arithmetic analysis is performed in order to quantify the effect of the uncertainties on the control structure and to derive robustness assessments. The control structure is applied to a serial manipulator with two flexible links containing uncertain model parameters and acting in threedimensional space.
Current re-vegetation patterns and restoration issues in degraded geological phosphorus-rich mountain areas: A synthetic analysis of Central Yunnan, SW China

China has the largest area of inland geological phosphorus-rich (GPR) mountains in the world, where vegetation restoration is key to safeguarding the environment. We reviewed the published literature and collected new data in order to analyze re-vegetation patterns and the status of plant communities in central Yunnan. The aim of our analysis was to suggest future improvements to restoration strategies in GPR mountain regions. Our results showed that spontaneous recovery was the most widespread type of restoration. N-fixing species such as Coriaria nepalensis and Alnus nepalensis play a vital role in succession. In the past, monoculture tree plantation was the primary method used in afforestation activities in central Yunnan; in recent years however, several different methods of restoration have been introduced including the use of agroforestry systems. For practical restoration, we found that spontaneous recovery was capable of delivering the best results, but that during its early stages, restoration results were affected by several factors including erosion risk, the origin of propagates and environmental variation. In contrast, methods employing human-made communities performed better in their early stages, but were constrained by higher costs and vulnerability to degradation and erosion. The use of N-fixing species such as A. nepalensis and Acacia mearnsii in plantations were unsuccessful in restoring full ecosystem functions. The success of restoration activities in GPR mountain regions could be improved through the following measures: (1) developing a better understanding of the respective advantages and disadvantages of current natural and human-engineered restoration approaches; (2) elucidating the feedback mechanism between phosphorus-rich soil and species selected for restoration, especially N-fixing species; (3) introducing market incentives aimed at encouraging specific restoration activities such as agroforestry, and improving the industry value chain.
A study on courtyard apartment types in South Korea from the 1960s to 1970s

In the 1960s, when apartments were being introduced in South Korea and were not yet standardized, diverse attempts at construction were made. However, due to factors such as the preference for houses that face south, apartment planning principles were unified. The present study intended to find out characteristics that can be applied to the current demands by studying cases of experimental plans among apartments, understanding the plans of courtyard apartments and classifying the cases into different types. The types of 29 courtyard apartments constructed in 1960-1970s in Seoul were analyzed. The apartments were classified into complex types that refer to cases where many buildings form a courtyard, block types, and open types.