mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
An improved analytical model of 4H-SiC MESFET incorporating bulk and interface trapping effects

An improved analytical model for the current–voltage (I –V) characteristics of the 4H-SiC metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) on a high purity semi-insulating (HPSI) substrate with trapping and thermal effects is presented. The 4H-SiC MESFET structure includes a stack of HPSI substrates and a uniformly doped channel layer. The trapping effects include both the effect of multiple deep-level traps in the substrate and surface traps between the gate to source/drain. The self-heating effects are also incorporated to obtain the accurate and realistic nature of the analytical model. The importance of the proposed model is emphasised through the inclusion of the recent and exact nature of the traps in the 4H-SiC HPSI substrate responsible for substrate compensation. The analytical model is used to exhibit DC I –V characteristics of the device with and without trapping and thermal effects. From the results, the current degradation is observed due to the surface and substrate trapping effects and the negative conductance introduced by the self-heating effect at a high drain voltage. The calculated results are compared with reported experimental and two-dimensional simulations (Silvaco?-TCAD). The proposed model also illustrates the effectiveness of the gate–source distance scaling effect compared to the gate–drain scaling effect in optimizing 4H-SiC MESFET performance. Results demonstrate that the proposed I –V model of 4H-SiC MESFET is suitable for realizing SiC based monolithic circuits (MMICs) on HPSI substrates.
新生儿耳聋基因筛查的质控体系建立

2007年国内学者首次提出“新生儿听力及基因联合筛查”的理念,即在广泛开展新生儿听力筛查的基础上融入耳聋基因筛查,在新生儿出生时或出生后3天内采集新生儿脐带血或足跟血,进行耳聋基因筛查。2011年8月北京市卫生局在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院和解放军总医院进行新生儿耳聋基因筛查工作试点获得成功,2011年12月北京市政府将新生儿耳聋基因筛查列入2012年北京市政府为民办实事项目。为了全面规范北京市新生儿耳聋基因筛查工作,使新生儿常见遗传性聋患者及耳聋基因携带者得到早发现、早诊断、早干预,预防和减少耳聋残疾的发生,提高儿童公共卫生服务质量和水平,2012年3月北京市卫生局发布“关于落实北京市政府为民办实事项目做好本市常住人口新生儿耳聋基因筛查工作的通知”,自2012年4月起,开始在本市实施常住人口新生儿耳聋基因筛查项目,即采用9项耳聋基因芯片(含4个基因9个突变位点)进行筛查。截止至2014年12月,北京市已筛查新生儿血样62.56万例,检出常见9项耳聋基因突变阳性率为4.59%,耳毒性药物性聋易感携带率2.37%。,确诊先天遗传性聋0.24‰,可能与迟发性聋相关的基因单杂合突变为4.34%。耳聋基因筛查项目实施近3年来,在质控体系建立方面取得了一定成效,总结归纳为4个方面,以供借鉴。
轻链型多发性骨髓瘤实验室检查特征

综上所述,轻链型MM的免疫球蛋白水平往往明显减低,且血清蛋白电泳多无明显M蛋白峰,当患者出现突出的贫血、肾功能损害时,应注意对患者尿液轻链和固定电泳的检测。
烧伤科内环境细菌多样性分析

综上所述,本研究运用16S rDNA克隆文库技术研究发现,医院烧伤科环境特殊,不同环境、物体表面细菌群落构成及优势菌群存在差异性,其菌群构成与外界自然环境明显不同。针对不同环境细菌分布及污染情况,做好相应的卫生消毒措施,预防院内感染的发生。由于本研究只针对细菌16S rRNA基因构建了克隆文库,不能全面认识其他微生物类群(如真菌等),还有待进一步研究。
精神分裂症合并多种精神活性物质依赖(缓解期)一例报告

如何判断精神病是否独立于精神活性物质所致的精神障碍较为困难,一般来说,精神活性物质所致的幻觉、妄想往往生动鲜明,有清晰的听幻觉、视幻觉,患者有明显的情绪反应,伴冲动行为,在滥用毒品之后尤为明显,常常停止使用精神活性物质后很快消失。在急性戒断或重度中毒结束之后,症状仍持续相当长的时间(例如,约1个月),或有其他证据表明有反复出现的精神活性物质滥用的病史。而独立的精神病性障碍往往在吸毒之前就可能存在,精神病性症状持续存在,要经过治疗后才能消失。本例患者在滥用精神活性物质之前无精神异常,有明确的多种精神活性物质滥用史,但患者近两年并未吸毒,已处于慢性期,而精神病性症状一直存在,且症状丰富,内容荒谬,怪异,认为物质依赖为精神症状的促/诱发因素,故本病例应首先诊断为精神分裂症,而多种物质依赖目前为缓解期。在治疗上,除了防止毒品滥用复发外,更重要的是使用抗精神病药物控制幻觉、妄想等。
针刀苍龟探穴治疗颈型颈椎病571例临床观察

颈型颈椎病是各型颈椎病的早期阶段,约占颈椎病的40%~60%,我们采用针刀苍龟探穴法治疗颈型颈椎病,长期疗效显著,现报道如下。
基于《 金匮要略·胸痹心痛短气病脉证治 》探讨心气以“降”为顺

通过对《金匮要略·胸痹心痛短气病脉证治》的分析,认为其治疗胸痹“九方”内含“心气以降为顺”的思路,并从心属“阳”,其用当降;脾胃为枢,心随胃降;心居上焦,君火宜降;宗气积胸中,贯心脉下行角度分析了立论基础,指出“降”是因势利导的散邪救危之法,进一步结合后世医家的传承论述了该观点。
心神在情志活动中的作用探析

“心主神明”是中医心理学的重要命题。心神作为人体生命活动的最高主宰者,掌控着人体的生理、心理活动,它不仅主导脏腑机能活动的协调,也主导着人对客观世界的认识过程、情感过程,并在情志与脏腑之间的关系中发挥着重要作用。在情志活动中,心神以脏腑为生理基础,通过认知主导人体对客观世界的态度体验,进而主导情志的产生,并影响着情志活动对脏腑的反映。
Improved photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by carbon-ion implantation of tri-layer titania film electrodes

TiO_2 tri-layer structure films were modified by C-ions implantation for improving the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs), in which the structure of TiO_2 changes from rutile to anatase and the sizes of TiO_2 particles increase. The optimal concentration of ions implantation for C-implanted cells is 1× 10~(15) atom cm~(-2),and the maximum conversion efficiency of 5.32 % is achieved(luminous intensity of 1 sun, light irradiance of AM1.5G),which is 25.2 % higher than that of unimplanted cell. The significant improvement in conversion efficiency by carbonion implantation is contributed to reducing charge recombination and enhancing the light-harvesting ability, as indicated from incident photon-to-collected electron conversion efficiency(IPCE) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) measurements. Furthermore, the charge carrier’s lifetime in the trilayer titania films is prolonged after carbon-ion implantations.
Menetrier 病一例

儿童Menetrier病可自限,而成人病变多持续存在,与胃癌的关系尚不明确,一些报道提示Menetrier病可进展为胃癌,诊断Menetrier病以后要定期行胃镜和组织活检。但也有一些学者认为Menetrier病可以发生胃癌,但发生率似乎并不高于一般的萎缩性胃炎。本例局部病变上皮不典型增生呈腺瘤样,有向胃癌进展的可能,全胃切除术后6个月随访,患者情况良好。
Coupling of Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Processes for Geothermal Reservoir Modelling

This paper uses a fully coupled framework of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical processes to investigate how the injection and extraction of fluid within a geothermal reservoir impacts on the dis-tributions of temperature, pore pressure, and deformation within the rock formations. Based on this formulation, a numerical model is developed in light of the thermodynamics of porous materials. The proposed procedure relies on the derivation of dissipative flow rules by postulating proper storage and dissipation functions. This approach opens new horizons for several resource engineering applications. Since it allows for full coupling, this formulation can play a key role in predicting risks when used for reservoir simulation. The results indicate that the injection-extraction process and temperature change have a definite impact on altering the in-situ properties of the reservoir.
Foreword:Toward a Quantitative Understanding of the Frontier in Geothermal Energy

Our planet, Earth, contains an enormous amount of heat just right under our feet. Harnessing this heat from 2 to 5 km below is one of the great challenges of the 21st century, because this can solve many of the currently urgent problems in mega-cities, such as inexpensive domestic heating and air-conditioning, electric power consumption and the cure of rampant air pollution. Around 40 TW heat are released at a steady rate by the Earth partly due to natural radioactive decay and partly due to the action inside the core. We would like to stress here that the depth of the isotherm of 200 oC (minimum temperature for efficient generation of electricity) varies around the globe. In general, this depth would be less than 10 km deep. Therefore these heat sources would provide ubiquitous ample, clean and sustainable electricity. In addition to this sustainable resource the potential of geothermal energy use is much greater, because it allows effective heat mining of the Earth. Geothermal energy is most commonly exploited in volcanic areas where magma is close to the surface and brings up the heat from deeper down. The largest geothermal power plant of this style is the Geysers in California, which with 1 GW power production rivals nuclear power plants.
Evaluation of the Heat, Entropy, and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Formation

Core formation by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to melt the Earth. Analysis of the energetics, which compare gravitational potential energy (U_g) of a fictitious, homogeneous reference state to Earth’s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and omissions, and to accommodate recent findings: (1) An erroneous positive sign was used for U_g while maintaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign for ΔU_g, which is crucial in determining whether a process is endothermic or exothermic. (2) The value of U_g for Earth’s initial state is uncertain. (3) Recent meteorite evidence indicates that core formation began before the Earth was full-sized, which severely limitsDUg. (4) Inhomogeneous accretion additionally reduced ΔU_g. (5) The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the mantle was not accounted for. (6) Entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of U_g, evaluate uncertainties, and show that ΔU_g was converted substantially to configurational energy (TΔS). These considerations limit the large sources of primordial heat to impacts and radioactivity. Although these processes may play a role in core formation, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation promotes planetary cooling mainly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elements upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.
Deep Geothermal:The‘Moon Landing’ Mission in the Unconventional Energy and Minerals Space

Deep geothermal from the hot crystalline basement has remained an unsolved frontier for the geothermal industry for the past 30 years. This poses the challenge for developing a new un-conventional geomechanics approach to stimulate such reservoirs. While a number of new uncon-ventional brittle techniques are still available to improve stimulation on short time scales, the aston-ishing richness of failure modes of longer time scales in hot rocks has so far been overlooked. These failure modes represent a series of microscopic processes: brittle microfracturing prevails at low temperatures and fairly high deviatoric stresses, while upon increasing temperature and decreasing applied stress or longer time scales, the failure modes switch to transgranular and intergranular creep fractures. Accordingly, fluids play an active role and create their own pathways through fa-cilitating shear localization by a process of time-dependent dissolution and precipitation creep, rather than being a passive constituent by simply following brittle fractures that are generated in-side a shear zone caused by other localization mechanisms. We lay out a new theoretical approach for the design of new strategies to utilize, enhance and maintain the natural permeability in the deeper and hotter domain of geothermal reservoirs. The advantage of the approach is that, rather than engineering an entirely new EGS reservoir, we acknowledge a suite of creep-assisted geological processes that are driven by the current tectonic stress field. Such processes are particularly sup-ported by higher temperatures potentially allowing in the future to target commercially viable com-binations of temperatures and flow rates.
持续质量改进对干部病房老年患者医院感染的效果分析

目的探讨持续质量改进(CQI)对控制干部病房老年患者医院感染的有效性。方法对我院干部病房668名老年患者及相关工作人员等依据PDCA 循环工作法开展持续质量改进。结果老年患者医院感染率由管理前的15. 0%下降至9. 1%,平均住院日减少15. 5天,平均医疗费用下降4002. 6元,差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0. 05)。结论持续质量改进可以有效降低老年患者医院感染率,是控制医院感染、减少医疗资源浪费的先进管理方法。
2007-2012年新疆某三甲医院心内科住院患者疾病构成分析

目的了解心血管疾病的病例构成及变化趋势,为医院临床管理、疾病防治提供依据。方法对某院2007-2012年期间收治的心内科住院患者相关资料进行整理、统计、分析。结果心内科住院患者人数呈逐年上升趋势;疾病构成前5位: 冠心病、高血压病、心力衰竭、其他系统疾病和心律失常; 急性冠脉病变构成比呈逐年上升趋势; 心力衰竭在年龄< 60岁患者与年龄≥60岁患者中所占比例差异有统计学意义; 不同性别心力衰竭患者病因差异有统计学意义;不同性别患者心律失常类别构成差异有统计学意义,其中房颤在男性患者中居首位,病态窦房结综合征在女性患者中居首位。结论新疆兵团某三甲医院心血管疾病病例构成有一定特殊性和代表性,及时了解和掌握心血管疾病病例构成,有利于医院的临床管理和疾病的预防控制。
Hernsubanine E,a new hasubanan alkaloid from Stephania hernandifolia

A new hasubanan alkaloid,hernsubanine E(1),as well as two known compounds p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(2) and (-) -syringaresinol(3) have been isolated from the whole plants of Stephania hernandifolia by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus of Stephania for the first time.
丹东市沿海地区居民碘营养水平分析

中国幅员辽阔,食盐摄入量区别较大,随着生活水平的提高,饮食结构的变化,统一的一种盐碘含量标准不能满足和适应上述变化,已经不可能让所有人的尿碘水平都处于适宜水平。2012年3月15日,《食用盐碘含量》标准在全国统一实施,为确保新标准碘盐实施后人群碘营养水平保持适宜状态,辽宁省丹东地区东港市和元宝区作为调查项目县于2013年3-5月进行新碘盐实施一年后居民碘营养水平调查,以进一步了解居民碘营养水平变化情况,现将结果报告如下。
X-parameter measurement on a GaN HEMT device: complexity reduction study of load-pull characterization test setup

Characterization of power transistors is an indispensable step in the design of radio frequency and microwave power amplifiers. A full harmonic load-pull measurement setup is normally required for the accurate and comprehensive characterization of RF power transistors. The setup is usually highly complex, leading to a relatively high hardware cost and low measurement throughput. This paper presents X-parameter measurement on a gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistor and studies the potential of utilizing an X-parameter-based modeling technique to highly reduce the complexity of the harmonic load-pull measurement setup for transistor characterization. During the X-parameter measurement and characterization, load impedance of the device is tuned and controlled only at the fundamental frequency and is left uncontrolled at other higher harmonics. However, it proves preliminarily that the extracted X-parameters can still predict the behavior of the device with moderate to high accuracy, when the load impedance is tuned up to the third-order harmonic frequency. It means that a fundamental-only load-pull test setup is already enough even though the device is to be characterized under load tuning up to the third-order harmonic frequency, by utilizing X-parameters.
声脉冲辐射力成像对肝纤维化无创诊断的研究进展

肝纤维化是各种肝脏疾病进展为肝硬化的中间阶段,准确评估肝纤维化的程度,早期诊断及治疗有助于延缓疾病进展,改善预后,提高患者生活质量。目前肝纤维化诊断的“金标准”为肝组织病理学检查,但由于肝组织穿刺的有创性及局限性,近年来肝纤维化的无创诊断方法得到关注,包括血清学无创诊断模型,如APRI、FibroTest等,和影像学诊断方法,如声脉冲辐射力成像(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI)、肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术(FibroScan、FibroTouch)等,现就ARFI在肝纤维化诊断中的应用作一综述。
母孕期遭受应激对后代心身发育影响的研究进展

应激是机体对外界或内部环境变化以及社会、心理因素刺激时所出现的全身非特异性的一种适应性反应。母孕期是胎儿发育的重要时期,母孕期经历自然灾害、病毒感染或精神创伤等应激性事件会导致妊娠妇女产生焦虑、抑郁、紧张、恐怖等不良情绪,影响子代的神经发育和心身健康状况,并导致各种慢性躯体疾病和精神疾病的增加。随着社会发展,生活和工作压力日益增长,孕妇在妊娠期常常受到各种外界因素刺激而发生母孕期应激。母孕期遭受应激对后代心身发育的影响逐渐成为研究的热点,但其具体影响机制仍不十分清楚。我们通过中英文关键词:母孕期应激,Prenatal Stress, 后代, offspring,发育,development,在中国知网和PubMed检索2000年以来母孕期应激的相关文献,就母孕期应激对后代心身发育的影响及可能的机制进行综述,为研究母孕期遭受应激的后代心身疾病发生的神经生物学机制以及早期干预和治疗提供依据。
强迫障碍药物循证治疗进展

强迫障碍(obsessive-compulsive disorder)终身患病率0.8% ~3.0%,平均发病年龄19~29岁。尽管病理生理机制至今未明,但近三十年通过神经生物学、神经解剖学、影像学、遗传学及精神药理学等多维度的研究,我们仍然有所收获。如大脑皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质(cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical,CSTC)环路功能异常被认为是强迫障碍的核心病理基础,围绕该环路的5-HT能、DA能及谷氨酸能系统失衡则成为抗强迫治疗药物的主要靶标。我们将综合药理学机制、近年高质量的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs)、Meta分析及强迫障碍的国际权威指南,从循证医学角度探讨强迫障碍的药物治疗,为临床医生的治疗决策提供参考。
皮肤α-突触核蛋白作为诊断帕金森病生物学标志物的研究

帕金森病是一种神经系统退行性疾病,主要表现为静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌僵直、姿势平衡障碍,目前临床诊断主要依靠病史及左旋多巴反应性。近年来随着分子影像学诊断技术的进步,正电子发射断层成像术(PET)、单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)等也成为临床诊断帕金森病的重要依据。早期、正确诊断帕金森病可帮助患者尽早正规化治疗并延缓病情进展,然而该病确诊仍需尸体解剖病理活组织检查(简称活检),因此,寻找在体病理学诊断依据对早期正确诊断帕金森病至关重要。
超级杂交稻新组合盛泰优722

盛泰优722是以优质三系不育系盛泰A与优质恢复系9722配组育成的杂交稻新组合,具有产量高、米质优、熟期适中、分蘖力强、抗倒性好等特点,2012年通过湖南省审定(湘审稻2012016),2014年被农业部确认为超级稻品种。
籼粳杂交稻机插与二段育秧手插栽培的产量与效益分析

以籼粳杂交稻甬优12和甬优1540以及常规晚粳稻宁81为材料,比较分析二段育秧手插栽培与机插栽培的生育期、产量形成和经济效益,探讨水稻与经济作物2季种植模式。结果表明:甬优12和甬优1540二段秧手插栽培比机插栽培从播种到齐穗生育期分别延长5和10 d,全生育期分别延长4和7 d;甬优12和甬优1540二段秧手插栽培比机插栽培高峰苗降低1/3,成穗率提高25.5~30.0个百分点,有效穗增加10%~15%,每穗总粒数减少3%~5%;甬优12和甬优1540二段秧手插栽培比机插栽培平均增产4.82%;籼粳杂交稻比常规晚粳稻增产20.79%~26.22%,主要原因是因为籼粳杂交稻大穗多粒;籼粳杂交稻二段育秧手插栽培比常规晚粳稻湿润育秧手插栽培每公顷增收6 250~7 000元。
广州市企业溶剂型原辅材料中挥发性有机成分分析

目的通过掌握广州市企业溶剂型原辅材料挥发性有机成分情况,为有机溶剂使用企业职业病危害的防治工作提供针对性建议。方法依行业分层随机抽取被调查企业,采集其主要溶剂型原辅材料,进行挥发性有机成分分析。结果被调查的164家企业的491个样品中88.80%检出挥发性有机成分,其中11.61%检出苯,56.42%检出苯系物,2.85%检出1,2-二氯乙烷,22.4%检出正己烷,2.04%检出二甲基甲酰胺。结论企业应加强溶剂原材料管理,注意工作场所通风,加强个体防护。
镍钛合金抓握式接骨板治疗多发性肋骨骨折

近年来,肋骨骨折发生率逐年上升。肋骨骨折传统采用局部加压包扎、胶带外固定、肋骨牵引的非手术治疗方法,需要较长时间的胸廓外固定,并发症较多。目前,固定器械内固定术已成为治疗多发肋骨骨折的趋势,其中镍钛合金抓握式接骨板应用比较广泛,但疗效评价报道较少。现将我院镍钛合金抓握式接骨板治疗多发性肋骨骨折34例的疗效报告如下。
Microwave-assisted, facile, rapid and solvent-free one pot two-component synthesis of some special acylals

A facile, rapid and solvent-free method for the conversion of acids and dihalomethane to the corresponding methylene diesters (acylals) using microwave as activators or assistor, is reported. This method is particularly powerful for the diesterification of carboxylic acids, which afford methylene diesters in good to excellent yields (up to >99%). When the intermediate is trapped, a ''double successive S_N2 reactions'' mechanism is proved.
单孔胸腔镜食管平滑肌瘤摘除术1例

讨论食管平滑肌瘤是常见的食管良性肿瘤，外科手术摘除被认为是经典的治疗方式，具有创伤小、疼痛轻和康复快等优势。我们前期也已报道了胸腔镜下食管平滑肌瘤摘除术的初步经验。单孔操作比传统的双孔法、三孔法在术后疼痛以及其他神经并发症方面具有明显优势。目前国内、外有关单孔胸腔镜手术的报道主要集中在气胸、胸外伤、手汗症、肺癌，单孔胸腔镜在食管领域未有报道。
体位转动同时实施人工气道吸痰的效果观察

目的探讨痰液淤积的呼吸衰竭患者建立人工气道早期的有效吸痰策略。方法将231例建立人工气道72 h内的RICU患者按入院时间分为对照组(115例)和观察组(116例)。对照组按常规吸痰方法按需吸痰,即评估气道痰液量后为患者行翻身、叩背后吸痰。观察组先行叩背,再将吸痰管插入人工气道后翻身的同时吸痰。观察两组吸痰效果。结果两组吸痰时心率、血压、血氧饱和度等指标比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0. 05),观察组72 h患者呼吸音和胸部CT片炎性片状影像学改善程度显著优于对照组(均P<0.01),吸痰间隔时间显著长于对照组,吸痰次数显著少于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论对建立人工气道早期痰液量较多患者实施体位转动同时吸痰的策略安全、有效,能延长吸痰间隔时间,减少患者痛苦,提高吸痰效果。
Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Silica Nanoparticles as Scatter Centers in Random Gain Porous Media

This work was carried out to synthesis a silica matrix by sol-gel technique, which used as host to Kiton Red laser dye doped with silica nanoparticles, which also prepared by sol-gel technique, to obtain KRSiO_2 nanoparticles confined in silica xerogel matrix. The rods at different pH values were successfully synthesized. The different values of pH cause different size of obtained nanoparticles,these nanoparticles act as scatter centers in the matrix. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE),threshold pumping energy (E_(th)), and mean free path (l_t) for photons in the rods have been reported. the results show that the values of bandwidth at full width half-maximum (FWHM) and the threshold energy are about 8. 7 nm and 12 mJ respectively.
规范外用糖皮质激素类药物专家共识

外用糖皮质激素类药物是重要的皮肤科外用药,具有高效、安全的特点,是许多皮肤病的一线治疗药物,但临床上也存在“滥用”和“恐惧”问题。为规范外用糖皮质激素类药物,最大限度地发挥其治疗作用,减少不良反应,中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会环境与职业性皮肤病学组组织国内部分专家制定本共识。
空气中细颗粒物对人体外周血管的危害

细颗粒物(particulate matter 2.5, PM2. 5)指大气中直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物,也称为可人肺颗粒物。人体平均每天要吸入约10 000 L的空气,PM2. 5可随吸入的空气经由呼吸系统进入人体,并引发一系列病理生理变化。周围血管系统受PM2. 5的影响既有全身系统性的作用,也有对血管影响的特殊性,本文试从此角度综述PM2. 5导致周围血管病变的机制。
A precise and accurate acupoint location obtained on the face using consistency matrix pointwise fusion method

OBJECTIVE: To develop a more precise and accurate method, and identified a procedure to measure whether an acupoint had been correctly located.METHODS: On the face, we used an acupoint location from different acupuncture experts and obtained the most precise and accurate values of acupoint location based on the consistency information fusion algorithm, through a virtual simulation of the facial orientation coordinate system.RESULTS: Because of inconsistencies in each acupuncture expert's original data, the system error could not be modified using the characteristics of the general weight calculation. First, we corrected each expert of acupoint location system error itself,to obtain a rational quantification for each expert of acupuncture and moxibustion acupoint location consistent support degree, to obtain pointwise variable precision fusion results, to put every expert's acupuncture acupoint location fusion error enhanced to pointwise variable precision. Then, we more effectively used the measured characteristics of different acupuncture expert's acupoint location, to improve the measurement information utilization efficiency and acupuncture acupoint location precision and accuracy.CONCLUSION: Based on using the consistency matrix pointwise fusion method on the acupuncture experts' acupoint location values, each expert's acupoint location information could be calculated, and the most precise and accurate values of each expert's acupoint location could be obtained.
糖皮质激素治疗无效的隐源性多灶性溃疡性狭窄性肠炎一例

讨论 CMUSE是一种罕见的小肠多发的溃疡性疾病,由Debray等于1964年首先提出。2001年,Perlemuter 等分析了12例CMUSE病例,总结出以下5大特点。①是好发于中青年的不明原因的反复的小肠梗阻;②是局限于黏膜及黏膜下层的浅表的小肠溃疡;③呈慢性病程,在术后会多次复发;④缺乏炎性反应指标的升高;⑤糖皮质激素治疗有效。截至2013年,全世界已报道了60多例CMUSE。2011年,Kim等报道了1例对糖皮质激素治疗无效的CMUSE病例,从而推翻了糖皮质激素治疗CMUSE有效及反复使用至激素依赖的观念。
Pyridine-contained α-Cyanostilbenzene Schiff Base: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence

A novel pyridine-contained a-cyanostilbenzene Schiff base, (Z)-3-(4-butoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-((E)-pyridin-2-yl-methyleneamino)phenyl)acrylonitrile (L), has been synthesized and characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR, FT-IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal data show that compound L belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 8.759(4), b = 10.779(4), c = 12.594(5) A, a = 65.873(4), β= 88.332(5), y= 73.800(5)°, M_r = 381.46, V= 1037.2(7) A~3, Z = 2, D_c = 1.221 g/cm~(-3),μ = 0.076 mm~(-1), F(000) = 404, R_(int) = 0.0311, R (I > 2σ(I)) = 0.0484, wR (I > 2σ(I)) = 0.1544, R (all data) = 0.0484, wR (all data) = 0.1692, completeness to theta = 25.000 being 99.0% and GOF = 1.179. There are two kinds of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and one kind of C-H...π weak interaction between adjacent molecules. Compound L can be used as a candidate for desirable devices with high performance due to its good thermal stability and excellent optical performance.
消化道影像技术百年发展回顾

消化道是人体重要的组织结构,影像学检查对消化道疾病的诊断起着非常重要的作用。但由于消化道与周围软组织缺乏明显的密度差别,也就是缺乏天然对比,所以消化道的结构在X线下并不能被直接显示出来。为了能客观地显示消化道病变,百年来人类创造了许多影像学方法来进行消化道检查,现对消化道影像学检查技术的发展做一回顾。
炎症性肠病诊治百年演变

一、IBD的历史溯源20世纪20年代末,美国Mountain Sinai医院的外科医生 Burrill Bernard Crohn ( 1884 - 1983,图1)在临床工作中发现了一类具有相似临床表现的患者,他们的回肠末端均明显增厚,将其切除后行病理检查时,可发现这些组织都具有呈亚急性或慢性的坏死性、瘢痕性炎性反应。Crohn医生对这14例患者的临床和病理资料进行了总结,其结果以题为 Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity发表于1932年10月的美国医学会杂志(Journal of the American Medical Association, JAMA)。Crohn医生在此文中对这种疾病的特点进行了如下描述:“该疾病病因尚不明确,患者可出现与溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者相似的症状,如发热、腹泻和消瘦;患者右髂窝常有可被触及的包块;通常,这些患者需要接受手术治疗”。正因此文,这一疾病被命名为克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)。 据 Crohn 医生回忆,他更喜欢将其称为 regional ileitus 或 regional enteritis,即便如此,CD这一名称却早已深入人心,其原因不仅在于Crohn的发现为后人的进一步研究奠定了基础,而且也表达了后人对这位伟大医生的认可和敬意。
Trimble Business Center 软件技术概述

Trimble Business Center 是一个高度自动化的桌面应用程序,主要用于处理和管理光学、GNSS、影像和点云数据,其具有一些独特的性能,如GNSS 数据处理、横断面绘图和综合摄影测量功能,可提供高效的编辑、处理和平差数据的能力。Trimble Business Center 软件使地理空间专业人员能够直接处理外业数据,生产出用户所需要的数据成果。同样,用户可以快速编辑一个设计,并将它发送到外业进行放样。
互动式教学用于地理信息系统课程的方法研究

介绍了互动式用于GIS 教学,即“都市规划与空间信息技术实习”的授课之中,采取降低教师授课比重由教师设计各种GIS实际应用的专题,让学生从问题提出、资料搜集、集体讨论、自我发现与纠正错误概念等一系列环节,循序渐进地获取GIS 相关知识与技能; 而教师在课程教学中所扮演的角色,从知识的提供者转变为解决问题的引导者,让学生通过独立思考与讨论来寻找问题的答案。为检验这种教学改革的效果,笔者进行了问卷调查,共取得44份有效问卷。问卷分析结果表明,大多数学生对本科教学效果持肯定意见,多数学生对于本课程所花费的学习时间高于其他课程。此外,绝大多数学生掌握了GIS 的基本操作,增加了实际应用的信心,而且对于GIS 系列后续课程产生兴趣。
BDS 广播星历的轨道误差分析

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已经正式投入运行,在卫星导航市场面临着 GPS 和 GLONASS 的竞争与挑战。因此,系统的性能即成为决胜市场的关键。对于实时导航的用户而言,广播星历是其能够正常定位导航的前提。对BDS的广播星历精度进行评价,无论是对系统的建设和后期发展,还是对用户市场的拓展,都具有重要的意义。分析结果表明,BDS 的 IGSO 和 MEO 的广播星历精度与GPS相当,但是GEO卫星要差一些。
削弱道路勘测放线中投影变形的允差分析法

从道路实地放线中投影变形计算公式的两个分项含义出发,通过误差分析分别控制两分项的变形限差,提出放线距离调整的“允差分析法”,以及其调距公式 Δd=H/6. 37 - C(以mm / km计),即根据道路里程范围内各变形检查点因高斯 -克吕格投影产生的变形值,分析出满足限差要求的常数C,在全里程范围内采用;再读取每千米 + 500处的设计高 H,计算因高程归化而产生的变形;并在此基础上提出控制桩加密的距离调整方法。允差分析法提供了一种理论严密易懂、计算简易快捷、小于规范限差、工作量小的削弱道路实地放线投影变形的新途径,以供《公路勘测规范 》(JTG C10—2007)、《公路勘测细则 》(JTG / T C10—2007)的修订及测量人员、道路设计人员参考使用。
一种联合多历元观测信息的 GPS / BDS 组合单点定位方法

在GPS / BDS组合单点定位中,定位精度受观测信息量影响很大,但观测时段中不可避免地会有个别历元观测信息过少,导致这些历元的定位精度很差。基于此,本文提出了一种联合多历元观测信息的 GPS / BDS 组合单点定位方法,以弥补单历元方法中单个历元观测信息量不足的缺点。利用开阔环境和遮挡环境下的观测数据进行分析,结果表明,在 GPS 单系统、北斗单系统及GPS / BDS组合系统单点定位中,多历元方法的定位精度均优于单历元方法。
Computational architecture: Connecting the physical and virtual worlds

Architecture is a cultural artifact of humanity that has progressed alongside with the development of human civilization. Architectural research, although motivated by practical necessity, has become an essential part of human knowledge and innovation. The impact of digital technology in the 21st century has changed the ontology of architectural research. On its 20th anniversary, the Association of Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAA-DRIA) becomes the oldest digital architectural research organization in the region and continues to be a source of academic innovation. This special issue is an attempt to align the state-of-the-art computational architectural findings in CAADRIA with the findings published in Frontiers of Architectural Research (FoAR).