mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Nitrate leaching of winter wheat grown in lysimeters as affected by fertilizers and irrigation on the North China Plain

Proper application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and irrigation management are important production practices that can reduce nitrate leaching into groundwater and improve the N use efficiency (NUE). A lysimeter/rain shelter facility was used to study effects of the rate of N fertilization, type of N fertilizer, and irrigation level on key aspects of winter wheat production over three growing seasons (response variables were nitrate transport, N leaching, and NUE). Results indicated that nitrate concentration in the soil profile and N leaching increased with the rate of N fertilization. At the end of the third season, nitrate concentration in the top 0-75 cm layer of soil was higher with manure treatment while urea treatments resulted in higher concentrations in the 100-200 cm layer. With normal irrigation, 3.4 to 15.3% of N from applied fertilizer was leached from the soil, yet no leaching occurred under a stress irrigation treatment. The manure treatment experienced less N leaching than the urea treatment in all cases except for the 180 kg N ha-1 rate in 2011-2012 (season 3). In terms of grain yield (GY), dry matter (DM) or NUE parameters, values for the manure treatment were lower than for the urea treatment in 2009-2010 (season 1), yet were otherwise higher for urea treatment in season 3. GY and crop nitrogen uptake (NU) were elevated when the rate of N fertilizer increased, while the NUE decreased; GY, DM, and NU increased with the amount of irrigation. Data indicated that reduced rates of N fertilization combined with increased manure application and proper irrigation management can lower nitrate levels in the subsoil and reduce potential N leaching into groundwater.
Educated consumers don’t believe artificial meat is the solution to the problems with the meat industry

The production of in vitro meat by cell culture has been suggested by some scientists as one solution to address the major challenges facing our society. Firstly, consumers would like the meat industry to reduce potential discomfort of animals on modern farms, or even to avoid killing animals to eat them. Secondly, citizens would like meat producers to reduce potential environmental deterioration by livestock and finally, there is a need to reduce world hunger by increasing protein resources while the global population is predicted to grow rapidly. According to its promoters, artificial meat has a potential to make eating animals unnecessary, to reduce carbon footprint of meat production and to satisfy all the nutritional needs and desires of consumers and citizens. To check these assumptions, a total of 817 educated people (mainly scientists and students) were interviewed worldwide by internet in addition to 865 French educated people. We also interviewed 208 persons (mainly scientists) after an oral presentation regarding artificial meat. Results of the three surveys were similar, but differed between males and females. More than half of the respondents believed that “artificial meat” was feasible and realistic. However, there was no majority to think that artificial meat will be healthy and tasty, except respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. A large majority of the respondents believed that the meat industry is facing important problems related to the protection of the environment, animal welfare or inefficient meat production to feed humanity. However, respondents did not believe that artificial meat will be the solution to solve the mentioned problems with the meat industry, especially respondents who were against artificial meat. The vast majority of consumers wished to continue to eat meat even they would accept to consume less meat in a context of increasing food needs. Only a minority of respondents (from 5 to 11%) would recommend or accept to eat in vitro meat instead of meat produced from farm animals. Despite these limitations, 38 to 47% of the respondents would continue to support research on artificial meat, but a majority of them believed that artificial meat will not be accepted by consumers in the future, except for respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. We speculated that the apparent contradictory answers to this survey expressed the fact that people trust scientists who are supposed to continuously discover new technologies potentially useful in a long term future for the human beings, but people also expressed concern for their health and were not convinced that artificial meat will be tasty, safe and healthy enough to be accepted by consumers.
Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China

This article reviews the history and progress of hybrid rice development. Hybrid rice research was initiated back in 1964, and commercialized in 1976. Three-line and two-line system hybrid rice were developed in 1974 and 1995, respectively. Research on super hybrid rice, which was first launched by Ministry of Agriculture, China in 1996, is discussed, and the great progress of super hybrid rice had been achieved with a new yield record by 15.4 t ha~(-1) in the 6.84 ha demonstration location in Xupu, Hunan Province, China in 2014. And the mechanism of heterosis, the techniques of hybrid seed production and the modern field managements in hybrid rice over the past decades are also discussed. Additionally, this article dealt with the intellectual property protection (IPR) and development of hybrid rice seed industry in China. Major factors that constrain hybrid rice development are analyzed and possible solutions to this problems are proposed. Finally, the authors present methods to further increase production yield, and propose an improvement for breeding super high-yielding hybrid rice based on these methods.
垂体脓肿的临床特点及诊治

垂体脓肿是一种极为罕见的垂体疾病,约占鞍区肿瘤的0.3% ~ 0.5%,且多发生于鞍内。因其与囊性垂体腺瘤、颅咽管瘤及Rathke囊肿在临床症状及影像学上没有特征性的鉴别标准,在临床工作中极易发生术前误诊。垂体脓肿患者若因误诊,缺少术前预防性使用抗生素及选择正确的手术方式,术后易复发,甚者脓肿扩散至颅内可导致全颅感染,危及生命。因此,提高术前垂体脓肿的确诊率,合理使用抗生素,选择正确的手术方式是决定垂体脓肿患者预后的关键。
养老机构老年人护理安全管理研究进展

护理安全是指患者在接受护理全过程中,不发生法律和法定的规章制度允许范围以外的心理、机体结构或功能上的损害、障碍、缺陷或死亡。护理安全管理就是为保证病人身心健康,对各种不安全因素进行有效控制。本文就目前养老机构护理安全管理现状存在的问题及对策的研究进展进行综述。
异氟烷对老年患者全身麻醉术后认知功能的影响

术后认知功能障碍(POCD)多数患者是一过性的,但部分患者可以出现长期的POCD,少数患者可能发生永久POCD。老年患者由于体质减退,对手术的耐受能力降低,术后更易发生POCD。从Bedford于1955年首次发现并报道了认知功能下降以来,许多研究表明POCD可发生在各个年龄组,其中老年人发病率最高。异氟烷具有麻醉效果好、麻醉深度易于调节、对循环影响轻、毒性小、诱导和苏醒迅速等特点,因此广泛应用于临床麻醉。然而,越来越多的研究发现异氟烷可导致认知功能下降,甚至引起POCD。本文就异氟烷对老年患者全身麻醉术后发生POCD的可能机制作一综述。
99Tc-MDP联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠粉针冲击治疗甲状腺相关眼病的临床疗效

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)又称为Graves眼病和浸润性突眼,与甲状腺疾病相关,是造成成人单眼及双眼眼球突出的最主要病因之一。研究报道,TAO甲状腺功能状态有所不同,约有90%的患者具有甲状腺功能亢进,约0.8%可伴有甲状腺功能减退,而甲状腺功能正常的患者约占6%。目前尚没有明确有效的药物治疗方法,已成为眼科专家及内分泌科医师面临的重大问题,这也使寻找有效治疗TAO的方法成为学术界的研究热点。本研究采用了99锝-亚甲基将二膦酸盐注射液(99Tc-MDP,云克)联合甲泼尼龙治疗TAO,并就其临床疗效进行评价。
白细胞介素18基因工程表达方法

目的探讨人白细胞介素(IL)-18基因工程表达方法。方法复苏含有pGEX-IL-18重组体质粒的E. coli JM109, 并进行增菌培养;利用质粒提取试剂盒提取pGEX-IL-18重组体质粒, 通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、基因片段测序、基因库比对等技术鉴定IL-18基因序列;将提取得到的pGEX-IL-18重组体质粒转化到DH5α, 制成高效表达的IL-18原核表达系统。结果含有pGEX-IL-18重组体质粒的E. coli JM109增菌培养后提取质粒, 酶切电泳与Marker比对, 证实质粒大小2. 7 kb;经测序并利用基因库比对证实, 所制备的DNA片段符合IL-18基因序列。将pGEX-IL-18转染DH5α细菌内, 并经过蓝白筛选系统进行筛选, 证实转染成功。结论经过系统的实验研究, 成功建立了IL-18的基因工程表达系统。IL-18具有重要的生物学功能, 在后续的科研工作中将对IL-18的应用价值进行系统研究。
肺血栓栓塞症患者相关危险因素

目的分析肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)住院患者相关危险因素。方法回顾分析吉林大学白求恩第一医院2011年6月至2014年2月确诊的168例PTE患者的获得性和遗传性危险因素。所有患者在抗凝治疗前取外周血检测了蛋白C(PC)、蛋白S(PS)和抗凝血酶(AT-Ⅲ)活性。结果主要获得性危险因素近期外科手术或外伤(38.1%)、深静脉血栓形成(DVT)或PTE病史(14.3%)和下肢静脉曲张病史(14.3%)。抗凝蛋白总缺乏率为84.5%,PS缺乏最高(48.8%),其次是PC缺乏最低(24.4%)、AT-Ⅲ缺乏最低(11.3%)。结论研究显示住院PTE患者中,近期外科手术或外伤、DVT或PTE病史和下肢静脉曲张病史是主要的获得性危险因素,而在遗传性危险因素中以PS缺乏为主,其次是PC缺乏,AT-Ⅲ缺乏率最低。多种危险因素并存是促发PTE的重要原因。
瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者内皮功能的影响

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者内皮功能影响的机制。方法15例健康对照者,30例冠心病患者随机平均分为常规治疗组和瑞舒伐他汀组,常规治疗组给予常规治疗,瑞舒伐他汀组在此基础上运用瑞舒伐他汀口服治疗。4 w后抽取3组静脉血进行后续试验。结果血清一氧化氮(NO)及NO合酶(NOS)含量,血管内皮祖细胞CD146表达比例,二甲基精氨酸-二甲胺水解酶(DDAH)活性及mRNA相对表达量,常规治疗组及瑞舒伐他汀组含量均明显低于健康对照组,瑞舒伐他汀组含量明显高于常规治疗组(P<0.05);血清非对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA),常规治疗组及瑞舒伐他汀组含量均明显高于健康对照组,瑞舒伐他汀组含量明显低于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀可通过影响内皮功能达到对冠心病患者的治疗作用。
《2015年NCCN宫颈癌临床实践指南》解读

在世界范围内,宫颈癌是女性第4位常见的恶性肿瘤。2012年,全球全年发生宫颈癌528000例,年死亡数为266000例。85%宫颈癌发生于发展中国家,并且在这些国家宫颈癌居癌症死因的首位。2014年美国大约有12 360例新发的宫颈癌病例,4020例死亡。尽管美国妇女宫颈癌的发病率不断下降,但宫颈癌仍是一个主要的世界性健康问题。最近美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)公布了《2015年NCCN宫颈癌临床实践指南》,该指南的诊治建议适用于鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和腺鳞癌,其他类型的宫颈癌不在本指南的范围。为使大家更好地了解新版指南,现对其进行简要解读。
子宫内膜间质肉瘤伴有性索样分化1例并文献复习

子宫内膜间质肉瘤(endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS)属较少见的子宫间叶性肿瘤,约占全部子宫恶性肿瘤的0.2%,约占子宫肉瘤的10%。常被误诊为子宫平滑肌瘤。少数ESS可向性索样、平滑肌、横纹肌、脂肪等分化,易与其他病变相混淆。本文报道1例ESS伴有性索样分化的肿瘤,并结合文献复习,现报道如下。
中间型滋养细胞病变的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤( placental site trophoblastic tumor, PSTT)、上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤( epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, ETT )、胎盘部位过度反应( exaggerated placental site, EPS)及胎盘部位结节( placental site nodule, PSN)4种中间型滋养细胞( intermediate trophoblast, IT)疾病临床病理特征及鉴别诊断要点。方法收集10例IT疾病标本,结合患者临床表现、肿物形态学特征及免疫表型,观察并总结鉴别诊断要点。结果PSTT与ETT为肿瘤性病变,具有侵袭子宫平滑肌的特性,组织坏死常见;EPS与PSN为非肿瘤性病变,常见于刮宫活检标本,有时易误诊为肿瘤。4种病变免疫组化标记均表达上皮及滋养细胞标志物, PSTT及EPS中HPL呈弥漫阳性,ETT及PSN中p63呈弥漫阳性。结论PSTT、ETT、EPS及PSN均为少见的IT疾病,滋养叶细胞形态特征和免疫表型有助于鉴别诊断。
基于抗氧化活性的丹参药品质量评价研究

目的提出从抗氧化能力评价药物质量的新观点。方法采用Luminol-Fe~(2+)- H_2O_2流动注射化学发光体系评价了3种抗氧化剂单体和8种丹参药品的抗氧化能力,以药物对羟自由基的清除率对浓度作多项式四阶拟合,由拟合方程计算出各自IC_(50)值,以IC_(50)值表示自由基清除能力,从而直接反应8种丹参药品的抗氧化能力。结果该方法有较好的稳定性和精密度,峰面积的RSD分别为2.3%和3.2%。抗氧化单体和丹参各种药品都表现为低浓度下羟自由基清除率与浓度成正比,高浓度则不然。结论该方法简单,高效,重复性好,稳定性高。可推广应用于各抗氧化型药物的质量的实际疗效的初步评价。
复方血脂宁环糊精提取物对大鼠高脂血症和肝脏脂肪变性的影响

目的观察复方血脂宁的β-环糊精提取物对大鼠高脂血症和肝脏脂肪变性的防治作用。方法建立SD大鼠高脂血症模型,采用分组灌胃给药,8周后分别观察复方血脂宁环糊精提取物与传统水提物对其血脂和肝脏脂肪变性防治作用。结果血脂宁的环糊精提取物组和传统水提物组均能降低大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和肝组织丙二醛水平,升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶水平,具有改善高脂血症大鼠血脂指标和肝脏脂肪变性的作用,且环糊精提取物组具有相对更加明显的改善作用。结论血脂宁的不同提取物对大鼠高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症和肝脏脂肪变性有防治作用,且β-环糊精提取物效果优于传统提取物。
Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化微波辅助提取废次烟叶中烟碱的工艺研究

目的Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化微波辅助提取烟叶中烟碱工艺。方法以烟碱的提取率为评价指标,考察浸泡时间、固液比、微波功率、微波辐射时间4个因素对烟碱提取率的影响,采用Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化微波辅助提取工艺,并进行预测分析。结果浸泡时间、微波辐射时间、固液比、微波功率对烟碱的提取率具极显著影响,确定微波辅助提取烟碱的最优提取工艺为:浸泡时间为6 h,微波辐射时间7 min,固液比为0.1,微波功率为800 W。结论Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化微波辅助提取烟叶中烟碱工艺,建立的数学模型和实验观察数据相符,该提取工艺合理,精确度高,可预测性好。
指纹图谱技术在中药注射剂标准提高中的应用

本文从整体情况、测定条件和评价方式三个方面对新颁布的中药注射剂标准中指纹图谱检测项加以分析和整理。结果可知中药注射剂指纹图谱标准普遍采用高效液相检测,梯度洗脱,一般要求固定色谱柱型号和柱温,样品直接进样或经简单处理,大部分品种以相似度作为评价指标。指纹图谱技术在中药注射剂标准提高中的应用日趋成熟,对保障药品的有效、均一具有重要意义。
甘草对大鼠应激性溃疡及多胺影响的研究

目的探讨益气健脾中药甘草修复胃肠黏膜损伤的疗效机制。方法建立定量检测胃肠黏膜中多胺的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法;并在大鼠水浸-束缚应激性溃疡模型上,观察甘草水提物对胃肠黏膜损伤及多胺的影响。结果建立了检测胃和小肠黏膜中多胺(包括腐胺、精脒和精胺)的方法;甘草水提物能减轻应激性溃疡大鼠胃黏膜损伤,减轻胃组织病理损害,提高胃黏膜多胺水平。结论甘草水提物修复胃肠黏膜损伤的作用机制,可能与其影响多胺及其信号通路有关。
超临界二氧化碳萃取齿瓣石斛

目的采用超临界二氧化碳萃取(SFE)法萃取齿瓣石斛。方法使用正己烷、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醇作为夹带剂。SFE萃取分两阶段和一阶段萃取,前者使用纯CO_2萃取,再添加夹带剂萃取;后者直接泵入夹带剂与CO_2共同萃取,以比较两法的萃取效率。结果乙酸乙酯作为夹带剂更有利于齿瓣石斛中低极性化合物的溶出。直接泵入乙酸乙酯与CO_2共萃的方式更有利于齿瓣石斛中各成分的溶出。结论本实验萃取方式为未来齿瓣石斛的进一步研究提供良好的基础。
Modeling and Analysis of Airlift System Operating in Three-Phase Flow

Based on the momentum theorem, the fluid governing equation in a lifting pipe is proposed by use of the method combining theoretical analysis with empirical correlations related to the previous research, and the performance of an airlift pump can be clearly characterized by the triangular relationship among the volumetric flux of air, water and solid particles, which are obtained respectively by using numerical calculation. The meso-scale river sand is used as tested particles to examine the theoretical model. Results of the model are compared with the data in three-phase flow obtained prior to the development of the present model, by an independent experimental team that used the physical conditions of the present approach. The analytical error can be controlled within 12% for predicting the volumetric flux of water and is smaller than that (±16%) of transporting solid particles in three-phase flow. The experimental results and computations are in good agreement for air-water two-phase flow within a margin of ±8%. Reasonable agreement justifies the use of the present model for engineering design purposes.
A dynamic coupling numerical model for pollutant transport under wave condition

In order to study the diffusion, migration, and distribution of pollutants among overlying water-body and porous seabed under wave conditions, a dynamic coupling numerical model is proposed. In this model, the coupling between wave field of overlying water-body and seepage of porous bed, the capture and release of pollutants in porous media, and the transport process between the two different regions are taken into account. We use the unified equations for pressure correction and pollutant concentration to solve the numerical model, which avoids repeated iteration on the interface boundary. The model is verified by several case studies. Afterwards, the processes involving release of pollutant from porous seabed and transportation to overlying water-body under different wave conditions are investigated. The results show that the water depth, wave height,and wave period have great influences on the release, capture, and transport processes for phosphorus pollutant.
原发性肝细胞癌患者PBMC中IL-22和IL-17 mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononrclear cells,PBMCs)IL-22和IL-17 mRNA的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:收集2011年4月至10月暨南大学医学院附属深圳市人民医院感染内科经临床确诊为HCC患者40例,所有患者均为乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性。同时选取来自本科室健康人的外周静脉血20例作为对照。以常规淋巴细胞分层液密度梯度离心法分离得到PBMCs,采用RT- PCR法检测HCC患者组和健康人对照组PBMCs IL-22和IL-17 mRNA的表达水平。结果:与健康人对照组相比,HCC患者组IL-22 mRNA表达水平明显下降(0.309±0.044 vs 0.560±0.029,P<0.01),而IL-17 mRNA的表达水平则显著升高(0.682±0.048 vs 0.541±0.038,P<001)。结论:IL-17 mRNA的高表达可能参与HCC的发生、发展,而IL-22 mRNA低表达可能与HCC患者的近期预后不佳有关。
北京春季大气中氨的气粒相转化及颗粒态铵采样偏差研究

利用Partisol 2300型化学物种采样器,通过溶蚀器-膜-后置膜采集了北京2013年春季大气颗粒物及酸碱性气体样品,利用离子色谱分析获得PM_(2.5)中主要无机组分和气体SO_2,HNO_2,HNO_3和HCl浓度.结果表明,NH_3,NH_4~+和PM_(2.5)的昼夜变化特征相似,晚间浓度均高于日间.非雾霾天[NH_3]:[NH_4~+]均大于1,而雾霾期间NH_3,NH_4~+和PM_(2.5)浓度大幅度增加,NH_3转化率加快,导致该比值小于1,表明NH_3在灰霾的形成过程中起着重要作用.采样偏差研究表明,采样过程中普遍存在颗粒态NH_4~+的正、负偏差,半挥发无机组分在低污染水平下损失明显,但整体上单一滤膜采样高估NH_4~+浓度.NH_4~+的挥发损失受气象条件影响,而由于溶蚀器对酸碱性气体的吸收,[NH_3]:[N(-Ⅲ)]和[HNO_3][NH_3]对NH_4~+的损失影响显著.因此对颗粒物中半挥发性组分进行采样偏差补偿,有利于提高大气颗粒物化学质量重构、污染物形成机制及其来源解析等研究结果的准确性.
岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究

地震流体识别指利用地震资料对储层含流体特征进行识别与描述.含流体储层地震岩石物理是地震流体识别的基础,是搭建储层弹性参数与物性参数的桥梁,是实现含油气储层流体定量表征的重要发展方向.岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究有助于认识地下油气储层含流体特征及分布规律.文章概述地震流体识别及相关基础研究中的关键科学问题,着重评述国内外岩石物理驱动下地震流体识别研究的主要进展,探究地震流体识别研究面临的机遇,挑战及未来的研究方向.理论研究和实际应用表明,地震流体识别要以岩石物理及数值模拟为理论基础,发展有效的流体敏感参数构建及评价方法;以地震资料为数据支撑,形成有效的地震资料品质评价方法;以地震反演为技术保障,发展可靠的地震反演策略.
Sensory innervation around immediately vs. delayed loaded implants: a pilot study

Although neurophysiological and psychophysical proof of osseoperception is accumulating, histomorphometric evidence for the neural mechanisms of functional compensation following immediate and delayed implant loading is still lacking. For this randomized split-mouth study, six mongrel dogs randomly received one of four treatment protocols at 36 implant-recipient sites over 16 weeks (third maxillary incisor, third and fourth mandibular premolar): immediate implant placement and immediate loading (IIP1IL); delayed implant placement and delayed loading (DIP1DL); delayed implant placement and immediate loading (DIP1IL); and natural extraction socket healing (control). Histomorphometry was performed in the peri-implant bone and soft tissues within 300 mm around the implants. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of neural structures and to reveal their ultrastructural characteristics, respectively. Myelinated nerve fibres densely populated the peri-implant crestal gingival and apical regions, although they were also identified in the woven bone and in the osteons near the implant threads. Compared with the control group in the mandible, the group that received IIP1IL showed a higher innervation (in N·mm~(-2), 5.9461.12 vs. 3.1560.63, P,0.001) and smaller fibre diameter (in mm, 1.3760.05 vs. 1.6460.13, P50.016), smaller axon diameter (in mm, 0.8960.05 vs. 1.2460.10, P50.009) and g-ratio (0.6460.04 vs. 0.7660.05, P,0.001) in the middle region around the implants. Compared with DIP1IL in the mandible, IIP1IL had a higher nerve density (in N·mm~(-2), 13.2362.54 vs. 9.6461.86, P50.027), greater fibre diameter (in mm, 1.3260.02 vs. 1.2060.04, P50.021), greater axon diameter (in mm, 0.9260.01 vs. 0.8960.03, P50.035) and lower g-ratio (0.6960.01 vs. 0.7460.01, P50.033) in the apical region around the implants. It may be assumed that the treatment protocol with IIP1IL is the preferred method to allow optimized peri-implant re-innervation, but further functional measurements are still required.
功能性内镜鼻窦手术后鼻中隔真菌感染二例

一旦真菌感染确诊,在无药敏结果的情况下,可首选两性霉素 B静脉滴注,以防感染扩散,再根据药物敏感试验,调整抗真菌药物的应用种类;根据感染控制情况以及局部涂片和培养结果,确定抗真菌药的停药时机,并定期随诊。
胰腺炎后自发性脾破裂并发脾动脉瘤一例

讨论本例患者既往反复发作胰腺炎,否认其他病史及外伤史,入院时无失血性休克表现,分析患者入院时仅为自发性脾破裂,出血量少;在后续观察治疗过程中,突发失血性休克,病情迅速进展;考虑并发脾动脉瘤破裂,经急诊手术证实脾动脉瘤破裂、自发性脾破裂的诊断。胰腺炎时可继发自发性脾破裂及脾动脉瘤,属胰腺炎脾脏并发症,该并发症还包括脾梗塞、脾脓肿、脾假性囊肿等,占胰腺炎病例的1%~5%,较罕见。胰腺炎相关的自发性脾破裂及脾动脉瘤则更为罕见,系胰腺炎时脾脏组织及脾动脉壁发生病理性改变所致。结合本病例特点,分析患者脾动脉瘤、自发性脾破裂系由胰腺炎长期反复发作导致的胰腺炎脾脏并发症。胰腺炎时含胰液及炎症介质的胰周积液侵蚀胰周血管致其管壁薄弱形成动脉瘤后破裂出血,出血又刺激纤维组织增生、包裹,形成脾假性动脉瘤。而胰周积液沿脾被膜或脾血管直接进入脾脏形成脾被膜下积液,以及胰腺炎后脾周围粘连,均易引起脾自发性破裂。胰腺炎后脾动脉瘤破裂、自发性脾破裂时,病情进展迅速且病死率高。笔者认为:①胰腺炎后脾动脉瘤合并自发性脾破裂,说明胰腺炎脾脏并发症处于进展期,即使血流动力学稳定,无感染、坏死等情况,亦应尽早手术治疗,推荐在脾动脉瘤未破裂时及时手术干预。②即使是单纯的胰腺炎后脾动脉瘤,鉴于其破裂所导致的严重后果,仍建议采取积极的手术干预。③长期反复发作胰腺炎的患者应定期复查腹部B超等影像学检查,及时发现、诊治可能出现的各类胰腺炎脾脏并发症。
TBL 教学法在中医学肝病临床见习中的应用探索

中医肝病学临床见习中存在诸多问题,传统的带教方法已无法满足目前的教学要求,为解决存在的问题,将团队的学习模式(Team based learning,TBL)运用于中医肝病临床见习教学。通过探索发现,TBL 教学法能提高学生的学习主动性,提高教学效果,解决目前临床带教中的问题,达到数学相长的效果,该教学法值得进一步推广。
Minimizing torque ripple in a brushless DC motor with fuzzy logic: applied to control rod driving mechanism of MNSR

A permanent magnet BLDC (brushless direct current) motor is used to move the control rod of a miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR). The BLDC motor drive is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Two main parts of the modeling are the inverter switching and the current control. Current control with chopping used to minimize the torque ripple of the MNSR control rod drive. Fuzzy logic current control together with soft chopping control shows the best response of all the three strategies. The prototype drive mechanism has an ATmega32 controller and power MOSFET switches. The simulation results are compared with experimental drive mechanism.
主动脉瓣二叶式畸形的研究现状

主动脉瓣二叶式畸形(bicuspid aortic valve,BAV)是最常见的先天性心脏疾病,目前研究表明其人群发病率为0.5%~ 2.0%,男女发病比例约为3:1。其可单发,也可并发其它先天性心脏疾病,包括胸主动脉扩张,主动脉缩窄和冠状动脉异常等。患者绝大多数在发生感染性心内膜炎或瓣膜钙化时发现。BAV瓣膜可有正常功能,也可产生钙化、狭窄或者关闭不全。此外,BAV和主动脉瘤及夹层的发生也有关联。为此,我们从形态、病理生理学、基因和临床等方面总结近年对BAV 的相关研究,望为其后续研究及诊治提供帮助。
毛细管气相色谱法测定食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠

毛细管气相色谱技术具有分离度高、重现性好和准确度高等优点,已广泛应用于各行各业的气相色谱的检测和分析中,正逐步替代填充柱色谱。但其在检测食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠时出现了标准曲线的相关性、精密度和准确度均较填充柱差的现象,虽然也有许多改进的方法,但无法提高测定方法的精密度和准确度,以致目前国家标准中仍以填充柱气相色谱法作为首选。在用毛细管色谱法测定食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的过程中发现,环己基氨基磺酸钠在酸性环境中与亚硝酸钠反应产生的环己醇亚硝酸酯经正己烷提取后,其稳定性较差,随分析时间的延长,两组分的峰面积此消彼长。仅用其中的环己醇亚硝酸酯的组分计量,会导致方法的线性差,测定结果的精密度低。本工作通过将其转变的环己硝酸酯峰面积和环己醇亚硝酸酯峰面积之和作为计量基础,有效地改善了方法的线性,大大提高了毛细管气相色谱法测定食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的精密度和准确性。
艾灸联合平板运动治疗外周动脉疾病患者下肢运动功能的疗效观察

目的:观察艾灸联合平板运动治疗外周动脉疾病患者下肢运动功能的临床疗效。方法:将58例轻、中度外周动脉疾病患者随机分为对照组(18例),平板运动组(20例)及艾灸联合平板运动组(20例)。在患者均接受常规药物治疗的基础上,分别进行平板运动及艾灸联合平板运动干预。干预前后分别行小腿经皮氧分压、运动平板测试、6min步行试验及行走受损问卷评估。结果:干预12周后,平板运动组和艾灸联合平板运动组患者经皮氧分压基线、平板测试诱发跛行疼痛发作及最大跛行疼痛的时间,6min步行距离及行走受损问卷评估均比对照组明显提高(P<0.01);且艾灸联合平板运动组的患者在改善下肢运动功能方面均优于平板运动组(P<0.01)。结论:平板运动及艾灸联合平板运动均可以明显改善外周动脉疾病患者下肢运动功能,且艾灸联合平板运动对患者下肢运动功能的改善更为显著。
小角度复位手法治疗中青年椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效观察

近年来,随着生活节奏加快,工作压力增高,在工作生活中长时间保持各种不良姿势,导致颈椎病的发病呈现年轻化趋势,有调查发现,颈椎病在中青年中患病率21.31%,其中公务员患病率29.06%。椎动脉型颈椎病是常见颈椎病分型,我们于2010—2012年采用小角度复位手法治疗中青年椎动脉型颈椎病取得良好疗效,现报道如下:
腹腔镜手术治疗上尿路多重畸形并结石一例

腹腔镜下手术是多重上尿路畸形的一个可行方案,术前的影像学特别是CT评估非常重要。因为其解剖变异性,手术方式需根据病因性的结构改变及具体解剖条件个体化实施。
皮肤纤毛囊肿一例

讨论皮肤纤毛囊肿(cutaneous ciliated cysts)是一种少见的良性皮肤损害,好发于生育年龄女性的下肢部位,囊肿直径通常数厘米,可为单房性或多房性,充满清澈或琥珀色液体;囊肿位于真皮内,囊壁由单层立方形或柱状纤毛上皮所组成。以往报道病例中纤毛囊肿内多有乳头状凸起,而本病例中所见到的为管状囊肿,未见乳头状凸起。皮肤纤毛囊肿要与支气管源性囊肿和甲状舌骨导管囊肿相鉴别。支气管源性囊肿起源于气管支气管芽,它是由胚胎前肠发育而来,好发部位为纵膈和肺,组织病理学示囊壁衬以呼吸道上皮,可见假复层纤毛柱状上皮和杯状细胞,囊壁可见平滑肌和软骨。甲状腺舌骨导管囊肿是未完全退化的甲状腺舌管所引起的先天囊肿,通常位于颈部中线、舌骨下,多见于15岁以下儿童;组织病理学示皮损位于真皮或皮下,囊壁为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,囊壁无平滑肌,可见甲状腺滤泡。
微生态制剂治疗肠易激综合征的研究进展

肠易激综合征(IBS)是以反复发作的腹痛或腹部不适,伴有大便性状改变和排便习惯改变为特征的功能性肠道疾病,是临床最为常见的功能性胃肠疾病之一,其世界范围患病率在5% ~25%, 中国人群患病率为5% ~8%。IBS是一种多因素相关疾病,以往研究提示胃肠动力异常、内脏高敏感、精神心理应激、肠道感染、小肠细菌过度生长、脑-肠轴功能紊乱、免疫和内分泌系统紊乱等均与IBS的发生、发展相关。随着肠道微生物研究的进展,肠道微生态在IBS发生和发展过程中起的作用逐渐被重视,并成为新的治疗靶点,益生菌及抗生素用于治疗IBS的证据越来越多。
Feasibility investigation on deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer developed for in-situ detection of acid radical ions

A newly developed Deep Ocean Compact Autonomous Raman Spectrometer (DOCARS) system is introduced and used for in-situ detection of acid radical ions in this paper. To evaluate the feasibility and capability of DOCARS for quantitative analysis of the acid radical ions in the deep ocean, extensive investigations have been carried out both in laboratory and sea trials during the development phase. In the laboratory investigations, Raman spectra of the prepared samples (acid radical ions solutions) were obtained, and analyzed using the method of internal standard normalization in data processing. The Raman signal of acid radical ions was normalized by that of water molecules. The calibration curve showed that the normalized Raman signal intensity of SO_4~(2-), NO_3~ˉ, and HCO_3~ˉ increases linearly as the concentration rises with correlation coefficient R~2 of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 respectively. The linear function obtained from the calibration curve was then used for the analysis of the spectra data acquired in the sea trial under a simulating chemical field in the deep-sea environment. It was found that the detected concentration of NO_3~ˉ according to the linear function can reflect the concentration changes of NO_3~ˉ after the sample was released, and the detection accuracy of the DOCARS system for SO~2_4~ˉ is 8%. All the results showed that the DOCARS system has great potential in quantitative detection of acid radical ions under the deep-sea environment, while the sensitivity of the DOCARS system is expected to be improved.
Why does the IOD-ENSO teleconnection disappear in some decades?

Lag correlations between sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) in fall and Nino 3.4 SSTA in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the following fall are subjected to decadal variation, with positive correlations during some decades and negative correlations during others. Negative correlations are smaller and of shorter duration than positive correlations. Variations in lag correlations suggest that the use of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) as a predictor of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at a lead time of one year is not effective during some decades. In this study, lag correlations between IOD and ENSO anomalies were analyzed to investigate why the IOD-ENSO teleconnection disappears during decades with negative correlations. Anomalies induced by the IOD in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during decades with negative correlations are still present, but at a greater depth than in decades with positive correlations, resulting in a lack of response to oceanic channel dynamics in the cold tongue SSTA. Lag correlations between oceanic anomalies in the west Pacific warm pool in fall and the equatorial Pacific cold tongue with a one-year time lag are significantly positive during decades with negative correlations. These results suggest that oceanic channel dynamics are overwhelmed by ocean-atmosphere coupling over the equatorial Pacific Ocean during decades with negative correlations. Therefore, the Indonesian throughflow is not effective as a link between IOD signals and the equatorial Pacific ENSO.