mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison Between Young Patients and Aged Patients

Background: To compare the clinicopathological features and prognosis between younger and aged patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We analyzed the outcome of 451 HCC patients underwent liver resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation, respectively. Then risk factors for aged and younger patients’ survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis, respectively. Results: The patients who were older than 55 years old were defined as the older group. The overall survival for aged patients was significantly worse than those younger patients. The younger patients had similar liver functional reserve but more aggressive tumor factors than aged patients. Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Wald χ~2 = 3.963, P = 0.047, hazard ratio [HR] =1.453, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006–2.098), lower albumin (Wald χ~2 = 12.213, P < 0.001, HR = 1.982, 95% CI: 1.351–2.910), tumor size (Wald χ~2 = 8.179, P = 0.004, HR = 1.841, 95% CI: 1.212–2.797), and higher alpha-fetoprotein level (Wald χ~2 = 4.044, P = 0.044, HR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.010–2.126) were independent prognostic factors for aged patients, while only elevated levels of AST (Wald χ~2 = 14.491, P < 0.001, HR = 2.285, 95% CI: 1.493–3.496) and tumor size (Wald χ~2 = 21.662, P < 0.001, HR = 2.928, 95% CI: 1.863–4.604) were independent prognostic factors for younger patients. Conclusions: Age is a risk factor to determine the prognosis of patients with HCC. Aged patients who have good liver functional reserve are still encouraged to receive curative therapy.
Progress in Diagnosing Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes

Objective: Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a progressive, multisystem affected mitochondrial disease associated with a number of disease-related defective genes. MELAS has unpredictable presentations and clinical course, and it can be commonly misdiagnosed as encephalitis, cerebral infarction, or brain neoplasms. This review aimed to update the diagnosis progress in MELAS, which may provide better understanding of the disease nature and help make the right diagnosis as well. Data Sources: The data used in this review came from published peer review articles from October 1984 to October 2014, which were obtained from PubMed. The search term is “MELAS”. Study Selection: Information selected from those reported studies is mainly based on the progress on clinical features, blood biochemistry, neuroimaging, muscle biopsy, and genetics in diagnosing MELAS. Results: MELAS has a wide heterogeneity in genetics and clinical manifestations. The relationship between mutations and phenotypes remains unclear. Advanced serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide directional information on this disease. Muscle biopsy has meaningful value in diagnosing MELAS, which shows the presence of ragged red fibers and mosaic appearance of cytochrome oxidase negative fibers. Genetic studies have reported that approximately 80% of MELAS cases are caused by the mutation m.3243A>G of the mitochondrial transfer RNA (Leu (UUR)) gene (MT-TL1). Conclusions: MELAS involves multiple systems with variable clinical symptoms and recurrent episodes. The prognosis of MELAS patients depends on timely diagnosis. Therefore, overall diagnosis of MELAS should be based on the maternal inheritance family history, clinical manifestation, and findings from serial MRI, muscle biopsy, and genetics.
血小板伴白细胞增多症案

按语:分析患者颜面黑原因,笔者认为其心脏手术耗费正气,久之致脾肾阳虚,加之情绪饮食失节,导致肝气郁滞严重,最终阴气上溢于阳,即阴出乘阳;心者,其华在面,故黑色见于面部。西医诊断患者血小板异常增高,患者血液易凝黏稠,血流不畅,致患者面色发黑如尘、全身皮下出现结节、全身多处疼痛不适,与中医肝郁气滞血瘀的诊断一致。《医学纲目》卷之二十五脾胃部·面黑记载:"胃足阳明之脉是动,则病洒洒振寒,颜黑""足少阴之脉是动,则病饥不欲食,面如漆柴",另有"少阴终者,面黑齿长而垢,腹胀闭""太阴终者,腹胀闭不得息,善噫呕逆则面赤,不逆则面黑,皮毛黑"。以上文献皆认为脾胃主传化精微以灌四旁,其气一伤,则四脏失所,忧思不已,气结而不行;水来侮土,故面黑于上。此患者久病入络,面黑严重,针刺采用局部胃经取穴为主伴远端肾经、脾经穴,再加疏肝化瘀的穴位。即取肾经的然骨、交信以复肾阳;取脾经的三阴交引阴气下行;取肝经的太冲平肝扶脾,助脾运化,行气活血。同时配合冲和顺气汤煎服,方中升麻、葛根、防风、白芷皆行阳明经气,散面部阳明胃经之滞气,苍术散阳明经之寒,白芍平肝养血,人参、黄芪、甘草补益中气,共达温阳散瘀之目的。
慢性泄泻案

本病的治疗原则为疏肝解郁,健脾利湿。神阙穴居中腹,内连肠腑,灸之止泻;天枢为大肠的募穴,中脘为胃的募穴,关元为小肠的募穴,三穴共用,调理肠腑而止泻;足三里为胃腑下合穴,健胃行气;三阴交为足三阴经的交会穴,健脾利湿、调理肝肾;太冲为肝经的原穴,疏肝解郁、理气止泻。古人强调大病宜灸,且多用重灸,如《扁鹊心书》云:"大病灸百壮......小病不过三五七壮";《针灸资生经》说:"凡灼艾得疮,所患即瘥,不得疮发,其疾不愈",认为只有灸后出现灸疮,才能达到良好的治疗效果。近年来灸法研究表明灸量随人异,敏消量足,当以灸至灸感消失、局部皮肤出现灼痛感作为充足的艾灸剂量,能达到热敏灸的最佳疗效。在本病的治疗中,采用透灸法,灸量根据患者腹部皮肤汗出潮红而定,灸后不留瘢痕,易被病人接受。透灸法有通督振阳、祛湿散热、调整气血、疏通经脉的作用,能起到有效的止泻作用。针刺配合透灸,使热力内达腧穴,疏通腹部经气,利于肠道的传化作用,化湿止泻,故获良效。
餐饮场所控烟进展

目前,控烟法律措施的实施使得餐饮场所内吸烟和二手烟暴露情况得到一定控制。二手烟是由吸烟者呼出的气体和烟草制品燃烧产生的化学物质所组成的复杂混合物,其暴露与哮喘、缺血性心脏疾病和肺癌等发生有关,美国环境保护总署将二手烟列为A级致癌物(无安全暴露剂量)。目前评价二手烟暴露水平的方法主要有4种,包括环境标记物浓度测量法[如监测空气中尼古丁和细颗粒物(PM2.5)的浓度]、生物标记物测量法(如测量尿可替宁浓度)、观察法和问卷调查法。自2003年《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》(公约)通过以来,截至2012年,全球共有105个公约缔约方实施了涵盖餐饮场所在内的控烟相关法律措施。有调查显示,禁烟后餐饮场所内的吸烟率、二手烟暴露水平和员工患与吸烟有关疾病的风险明显低于禁烟前,全面禁烟的餐饮场所内吸烟率和二手烟暴露水平低于部分禁烟和不禁烟的场所。
分子病理流行病学

近年随着核酸、蛋白质等生物大分子研究的不断深入,生命科学进入“分子时代”。流行病学及其他生命科学工作者将分子生物学理论和方法应用到人群疾病防治与健康促进中,形成新的分支,即分子流行病学。然而,无论是传统流行病学,还是分子流行病学,两者均未考虑疾病的异质性(heterogeneity)。大多数疾病如癌症(乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌等)和其他慢性疾病(糖尿病、高血压等)都是由于基因、表观遗传、转录、蛋白质、代谢、微生物等多种因素及其相互作用关系的改变所引起,且个体所患疾病的机制亦不可能完全一致。因此为更好地研究发病机制,尤其是复杂的多因素疾病,以及开展个性化预防与治疗,分子病理流行病学(molecular pathological epidemiology)的概念应运而生,拟在分子、基因、细胞和人群水平上同时破译疾病。
Novel Coil Winding Method to Realize Pot Heated Evenly

To solve the problem about the inhomogeneous thermal effect of pot heated by coils along the circumference, a novel coil winding method is proposed and compared with the general winding method in the paper. First, based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s rule, the magnetic induction generated by a straight current carrying conductor and a current loop is discussed, respectively. Then the novel coil winding method is developed by adjusting the location of inhomogeneous joints. The joints are periodically scattered along the circumferential direction and symmetrically designed around the central axis. Numerical results show that the quite non-uniform temperature in the base of pot at the circular direction is effectively improved by using the proposed winding method. The potential danger produced by high temperature at some region of coils plate is minimized. It is energy-efficient and safe for residential appliances.
关于我国地方病防治专业人才培养的思考

我国地方病防治取得了举世瞩目的成就,在控制和消除地方病过程中,专业队伍发挥了至关重要的作用,地方病防控专业人才培养是队伍建设的首要任务。当前,地方病防治工作面临新的挑战,向专业队伍建设提出了新的要求。为此,作者就目前地方病专业队伍的现状、特点以及队伍建设的目标、任务与途径进行了探讨。
克山病消除的评估挑战与机遇

克山病是一种病因不完全清楚的地方性心肌病。2008年的病区调查显示,慢型克山病患病率为50/万,潜在型克山病患病率为171/万,据此估计,全国有克山病病例167.55万,其中慢型为37.98万。上述表明,我国克山病的防治已取得了显著的成效。鉴于多年来全国克山病病情的有效控制,在《全国地方病防治“十二五”规划》中提出了克山病防控的目标是“基本消除克山病,消除克山病的病区县达到90%以上”。克山病消除评估已纳入地方病的工作日程,开展克山病消除评估的现实意义是:国家需要以这样的方法收集可靠的数据,准确地判定最小病区单位(乡镇)的病情,从而肯定所取得的成绩,并为制订规划、调整防控策略及合理分配卫生资源服务;病区也需要这样的依据摘掉病区的帽子、促进经济发展;防控专业人员也同样需要确凿的证据肯定防控措施的效果。克山病消除评估是克山病防控和流行病学监测方法两个领域中迫切需要解决的关键科技问题。其科学意义在于,探索慢性非传染性疾病消除评估的新理论和新方法,使克山病防控的实际问题转化成流行病学病情评估方法研究的生长点,具有源头性创新意义和我国特色;对其他地方病病情评估也有重要的参考价值。
Effects of leachate infiltration and desiccation cracks on hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay

Both cracks in clay liner and the complex composition of landfill leachate might have effects on the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted clay liner. In this study, the hydraulic conductivities of natural clay and bentonite-modified clay with and without desiccation cracks were measured, respectively, using three types of liquids as permeating liquid: 2 500 mg/L acetic acid solution, 0.5 mol/L CaCl_2 solution, and tap water. When tap water was adopted as the permeating liquid, desiccation cracks resulted in increases in the average value of hydraulic conductivity: a 25-fold increase for the natural clay and a 5.7-fold increase for the bentonite-modified clay. It was also found out that the strong selfhealing capability of bentonite helped to reduce the adverse impact of cracks on hydraulic performance. In contrast to tap water, simulated leachates (acetic acid and CaCl_2 solutions) show no adverse effect on the hydraulic conductivities of natural and bentonite-modified clays. It is concluded that desiccation cracks and bentonite have more significant effects on hydraulic performance than simulated leachates.
Optimization of CO_2 separation technologies for Chinese refineries based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

This study aims at determining the optimal CO_2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO_2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption (CA), and membrane absorption (MA). Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO_2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.
Improving slurryability, rheology, and stability of slurry fuel from blending petroleum coke with lignite

Petroleum coke and lignite are two important fossil fuels that have not been widely used in China. Petroleum coke–lignite slurry (PCLS), a mixture of petroleum coke, lignite, water, and additives, efficiently utilizes the two materials. In this study, we investigate the effects of the proportion (α) of petroleum coke on slurryability, rheological behavior, stability, and increasing temperature characteristics of PCLSs. The results show that the fixedviscosity solid concentration (ω_0) increases with increasing α. The ω_0 of lignite-water slurry (LWS, α = 0) is 46.7 %, compared to 71.3 % for the petroleum coke–water slurry (PCWS, a = 100 %), while that of PCLS is in between the two values. The rheological behavior of PCLS perfectly fits the power-law model. The PCWS acts as a dilatant fluid. As α decreases, the slurry behaves first as an approximate Newtonian fluid, and then turns into a pseudo-plastic fluid that exhibits shear-thinning behavior. With increasing α, the rigid sedimentation and water separation ratio (WSR) increase, indicating a decrease in the stability of PCLS. When α is 60–70 %, the result is a high-quality slurry fuel for industrial applications, which has high slurryability (ω_0 = 57–60 %), good stability (WSR<2 %), and superior pseudo-plastic behavior (n ≈ 0.9).
Experimental investigation of the effects of various parameters on viscosity reduction of heavy crude by oil-water emulsion

The effects of water content, shear rate, temperature, and solid particle concentration on viscosity reduction (VR) caused by forming stable emulsions were investigated using Omani heavy crude oil. The viscosity of the crude oil was initially measured with respect to shear rates at different temperatures from 20 to 70 °C. The crude oil exhibited a shear thinning behavior at all the temperatures. The strongest shear thinning was observed at 20 °C. A non-ionic water soluble surfactant (Triton X-100) was used to form and stabilize crude oil emulsions. The emulsification process has significantly reduced the crude oil viscosity. The degree of VR was found to increase with an increase in water content and reach its maximum value at 50 %water content. The phase inversion from oil-in-water emulsion to water-inoil emulsion occurred at 30 % water content. The results indicated that the VR was inversely proportional to temperature and concentration of silica nanoparticles. For water-in-oil emulsions, VR increased with shear rate and eventually reached a plateau at a shear rate of around 350 s~(-1). This was attributed to the thinning behavior of the continuous phase. The VR of oil-in-water emulsions remained almost constant as the shear rate increased due to the Newtonian behavior of water, the continuous phase.
Study of the properties of non-gas dielectric capacitors in porous media

The size of pores and throats is at the nanometer scale in tight oil and shale gas zones, and the resistivity of these reservoirs is very high, so the reservoirs show more dielectric properties than conductivity properties. The conductive and dielectric characteristics of a parallel plate capacitor full of fresh water, NaCl solutions, and solid dielectrics, for example, sands are investigated in this paper, and the capacitance data of the non-gas capacitor are measured at different salinities and frequencies by a spectrum analyzer. The experimental results illustrate that the capacitance of this kind of capacitor is directly proportional to the salinity of the solutions and inversely proportional to the measuring frequency, the same as a vacuum parallel plate capacitor. The remarkable phenomenon, however, is that the capacitance is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two plates. The specific characteristic of this capacitor is different from the conventional parallel plate capacitor. In order to explain this phenomenon, the paper proposed a new concept, named "single micro ion capacitor", and established a novel model to describe the characteristics of this particular capacitor. Based on this new model, the theoretical capacitance value of the single micro ion capacitor is calculated, and its polarization and relaxation mechanisms are analyzed.
杨家林名老中医学术思想与临证思辨特点

杨家林名老中医师从王渭川、卓雨农、唐伯渊等中医妇科名家,从事中医妇科临床医疗、教学、科研工作五十余年,在长期的临床实践中,潜心钻研,不断探索,形成了系统的学术特色和临症思辨特点,积累了丰富的临床经验,特别是对女性生殖轴理论的阐述,对冲任病机和治法的完善,对月经不调“太过不及”病机理论的创新,对子宫肌瘤攻清补三法和中西合参消瘤思路的提出,对妇科湿邪致病特点及治湿五法的系统总结,均对中医妇科学术理论的发展和临床疗效的提高具有重要的意义。
梅国强治疗发热性疾患经验举隅

发热为临床常见症状,其病因病机极为复杂,中医药对其中某些病症疗效独特。梅国强教授辩证施治发热性疾患有丰富的经验,笔者侍诊梅师多年,所治发热病人过百例,疗效显著。现摘录部分典型医案,初列十二个证型,报道梅师辨治发热性疾患的经验。
毒品成瘾者注意偏向及注意偏向训练在成瘾行为中的应用

毒品成瘾是强迫性觅毒和服用毒品的行为模式,是一直困扰戒毒工作者的严重社会问题。大量研究表明,成瘾个体对物质相关刺激线索存在着注意偏向( Attentional Bias)。在毒品使用的情境中,“注意偏向”是指毒品线索更倾向于获取有经验的毒品使用者的注意力,使得毒品使用者给予毒品相关线索优先的注意加工。毒品成瘾者对毒品相关线索的探测可能是自动化的,以及影响毒品寻求的行为可能也是在无意识的条件下进行的。以往的研究发现,对毒品相关线索的注意偏向在成瘾的发生和发展中起到了重要的作用。
青少年肌阵挛癫痫脑网络的研究进展

青少年肌阵挛癫痫(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy,JME)是一种常见的好发于12 ~ 18岁人群的特发性全面性癫痫(idiopathic generalized epilepsy,IGE),在癫痫人群中发病率为5% -11% ,发作期典型的脑电图表现为双侧对称性欠规律的4?6 Hz弥漫性多棘慢波或棘慢复合波(spike slow-wave disc harges ,SWDs )。JME临床发作以双侧、单次或重复多次、无节律的肌阵挛抽动为特征,上肢明显,除肌阵挛发作外,通常还合并强直阵挛发作和不典型失神发作。其中90%的JME患者抗癫痫药物治疗有效,但是停药后通常会复发,多数患者需要终身治疗。
Formation of City-Lake Integrated Urban Morphology in Hangzhou: A Study on the Related History Starting from the New Market Plan of the Lakefront District in Early Modern Times

In the early modern times in China, local planners have made several construction plans for Hangzhou's old city center and the West Lake, resulting in the gradual formation of a city-lake integrated urban form, which is valued nowadays for its uniqueness and characteristically Chinese cityscape aesthetics. The key plan that spurred this process of linking the old city with the West Lake was a plan titled "Building a New Market" (1914). By elucidating the time, process, and contents of the plan, this paper analyzes the spatial transformation of the lakefront districts based on old maps, and then interprets how it led the forming process of the "city-lake integrated" urban form in Hangzhou.
Spatial Distribution and Environmental Determinants of Denitrification Enzyme Activity in Reed-Dominated Raised Fields

Denitrification is an important process of nitrogen removal in lake ecosystems. However, the importance of denitrification across the entire soil-depth gradients including subsurface layers remains poorly understood. This study aims to determine the spatial pattern of soil denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) and its environmental determinants across the entire soil depth gradients in the raised fields in Baiyang Lake, North China. In two different zones of the raised fields (i.e., water boundary vs. main body of the raised fields), the soil samples from -1.0 m to 1.1 m depth were collected, and the DEA and following environmental determinants were quantified: soil moisture, pH, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH_4~+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO_3~--N), total organic carbon (TOC), and rhizome biomass of Phragmites australis. The results showed that the soil DEA and environmental factors had a striking zonal distribution across the entire soil depth gradients. The soil DEA reached two peak values in the upper and middle soil layers, indicating that denitrification are important in both topsoil and subsurface of the raised fields. The correlation analysis showed that the DEA is negatively correlated with the soil depth (p < 0.05). However, this phenomenon did not occur in the distance to the water edge, except in the upper layers (from 0.2 m to 0.7 m) of the boundary zone of the raised fields. In the main body of the raised fields, the DEA level remained high; however, it showed no significant relationship with the distance to the water edge. The linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlation of the DEA with the soil TN, NO_3~--N, NH_4~+-N, and TOC; whereas it showed negative correlation with soil pH. No significant correlations with soil moisture and temperature were observed. A positive correlation was also found between the DEA and rhizome biomass of P. australis.
Soil Moisture Response to Rainfall in Forestland and Vegetable Plot in Taihu Lake Basin,China

Soil moisture and its spatial pattern are important for understanding various hydrological, pedological, ecological and agricultural processes. In this study, data of rainfall and soil moisture contents at different depths (10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm) in forestland and vegetable plot in the Taihu Lake Basin, China were monitored and analyzed for characteristics of soil moisture variation and its response to several typical rainfall events. The following results were observed. First, great temporal variation of soil moisture was observed in the surface layer than in deeper layer in vegetable plot. In contrast, in forestland, soil moisture had similar variation pattern at different depths. Second, initial soil moisture was an important factor influencing the vertical movement of soil water during rainfall events. In vegetable plot, simultaneous response of soil moisture to rainfall was observed at 10- and 20-cm depths due to fast infiltration when initial soil was relatively dry. However, traditional downward response order occurred when initial soil was relatively wet. Third, critical soil horizon interface was an active zone of soil water accumulation and lateral movement. A less permeable W-B soil horizon interface (40-cm depth) in vegetable plot can create perched water table above it and elevate the soil water content at the corresponding depth. Fourth, the land cover was an effective control factor of soil moisture during small and moderate rainfall events. In the forestland, moderate and small rainfall events had tiny influences on soil moisture due to canopy and surface O horizon interception. Fifth, preferential flow and lateral subsurface interflow were important paths of soil water movement. During large and long duration rainfall events, lateral subsurface flow and preferential flow through surface crack or soil pipe occurred, which recharged the deep soil. However, in more concentrated large storm, surface crack or soil pipe connected by soil macropores was the main contributor to the occurrence of preferential flow. Findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for sustainable water and fertilizer management and land use planning in the Taihu Lake Basin.
气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中乙二醇甲醚、乙二醇乙醚和乙二醇丁醚

乙二醇醚类作为优良的有机溶剂在涂料、油墨、皮革、染料、清洗和农药等行业广泛使用。2000年以来,我国乙二醇醚类的生产和使用量逐年增加,2012年达到50万t的生产使用规模,职业暴露人群将达到10万人。整体动物和体外毒理学研究表明,乙二醇醚类有血液毒性、生殖毒性、肝肾毒性、发育毒性和致畸毒性等,可能会引起职业人群精液质量的下降。至今,乙二醇醚类产生职业人群生殖毒性的结论尚缺乏职业暴露人群的研究资料的支持。国内对乙二醇类醚毒性的研究处于起步阶段,对职业人群的健康影响的研究资料较少。国家尚未制定工作场所空气中乙二醇醚类的接触限量值和监测方法,乙二醇醚类对职业人群的健康损害需要进一步研究。
游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣在足部软组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的方法与临床疗效。方法自2012年8月-2014年3月,对9例足部创面的病例(缺损面积为7 cm × 4 cm ~ 14 cm × 7 cm)采用吻合感觉神经的游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复,修复前足创面6例,足背侧创面3例。切取皮瓣面积为8 cm × 5 cm ~ 15 cm × 8 cm。结果9例皮瓣全部成活,供区直接缝合或植皮一期愈合。其中1例术后发生血管危象,经手术探查皮瓣顺利成活。3例皮瓣略显臃肿,二期行皮瓣修整术。8例患者获得6 ~ 24个月的随访,皮瓣质地良好,厚薄适中,皮瓣感觉得到较好的恢复;患足功能恢复满意,供区肢体无功能障碍。结论应用游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣,避免损伤主干血管,修复创面后外形满意,可恢复感觉,是修复足部创面的理想方法之一。
应用指背皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损30例

目的探讨指背皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2013年6月至2014年6月,应用指背皮瓣修复近侧指间关节以远软组织缺损30例,其中示指16例,中指8例,环指4例,拇指2例,皮瓣面积最大4.0 cm × 3.0 cm,最小2.5 cm × 1.5 cm,供区全厚层皮片植皮。结果30例皮瓣全部顺利成活,随访6~16个月,手指及皮瓣外形良好,色泽正常,质地柔软,吻合神经的皮瓣两点辨别觉8 ~ 12 mm,感觉恢复至S2~S3,手指功能满意,供区外形及功能无明显影响。结论应用指背皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损临床疗效好,可有效的预防皮瓣静脉危象的发生,并促进患者手功能的满意恢复。
3D技术在足趾微型皮瓣移植修复拇和手指缺损的应用

目的探讨3D技术在足趾微型皮瓣游离移植修复拇和手指缺损的应用价值。方法2013年3月-2014年12月,对18例拇、手指不同程度皮肤缺损实施足趾微型皮瓣游离移植修复,术前将供、受区进行CT扫描,通过CT血管造影数字化三维重建技术获得供区动、静脉血供三维图像,明确供区动、静脉血管的分型、走行、毗邻定位、趾蹼间血管交通情况以及量化血管口径资料。采用计算机辅助解剖建模分析供区血供三维图像、受区缺损参数,根据数字化三维重建技术指导供区的手术设计。根据拇、手指皮肤软组织缺损情况,按术前设计方案实施(足母)趾或第二足趾趾腹皮瓣、趾甲(皮)瓣以及足趾半月形皮瓣分别修复拇、手指指腹缺11指,指甲缺损8指以及节段皮肤缺损3指。结果18例22指皮瓣全部成活,均未发生血管危象,术后经6 ~ 15个月(平均10个月)的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地、手指外形接近正常,拇、手指屈、伸动作及抓、捏持物功能恢复良好,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6 ~ 12 mm;足部供区创面经植皮均I期愈合,不妨碍行走,植皮区耐磨,无破溃发生。结论数字化3D-CTA技术能客观、真实的反映供区血管情况,为术前手术方案的设计及术中处理血管变异情况提供可靠依据,有利于降低手术风险、提高手术成活率,具有临床实用意义。
在对话中走进科学家

自科学技术高度分工以来,公众在不断享受科技发展带来的便捷生活和全新体验的同时,却似乎开始习惯于这样一个趋势:和科学家保持距离。科学家也因此正在逐渐成为一种符号。公众也许喜欢科学,但却对科学家漠不关心,既不在意他们在想什么,也不关注他们在做什么。公众需要的只是一个可以投入实用的科研成果,比如最新的抗癌药物或者5G通信网络。
Effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus . Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain four separate lipid sources, including fish, soybean, rapeseed, and linseed oils (FO, SO, RO, and LO, respectively). With three replicates of 18 crabs each for each diet, crabs (initial body weight, 17.00 ±0.09 g) were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences among these groups in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, and hepatosomatic index. However, the RO groups' survival rate was significantly lower than FO groups. The feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios of RO groups were poorer than other groups. The proximate compositions of whole body and hepatopancreas were significantly affected by these dietary treatments. Tissue fatty acid composition mainly reflected dietary fatty acid compositions. Crabs fed FO diets exhibited significantly higher arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid contents in muscle and hepatopancreas compared with VO crabs. Linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids in muscle and hepatopancreas were the highest in the SO, RO, and LO groups, respectively. The present study suggested that SO and LO could substitute for FO in fishmeal-based diets for swimming crabs, without affecting growth performance and survival.