mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Acclimation of CH_4 emissions from paddy soil to atmospheric CO_2 enrichment in a growth chamber experiment

Elevated levels of atmospheric CO_2(eCO_2)promote rice growth and increase methane(CH_4)emissions from rice paddies,because increased input of plant photosynthate to soil stimulates methanogenic archae.However,temporal trends in the effects of eCO_2 on rice growth and CH_4 emissions are still unclear.To investigate changes in the effects of eCO_2 over time,we conducted a two-season pot experiment in a walk-in growth chamber.Positive effects of eCO_2 on rice leaf photosynthetic rate,biomass,and grain yield were similar between growing seasons.However,the effects of eCO_2 on CH_4 emissions decreased over time.Elevated CO_2 increased CH_4 emissions by 48%-101% in the first growing season,but only by 28%-30% in the second growing season.We also identified the microbial process underlying the acclimation of CH_4 emissions to atmospheric CO_2 enrichment: eCO_2 stimulated the abundance of methanotrophs more strongly in soils that had been previously exposed to eCO_2 than in soils that had not been.These results emphasize the need for long-term eCO_2 experiments for accurate predictions of terrestrial feedbacks.
Recent advances in nano-enabled agriculture for improving plant performance

Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new research field of plant nanobiotechnology in agricultural production are encouraged.Here we review the following topics in plant nanobiotechnology for agriculture: 1)improving stress tolerance,2)stress sensing and early detection,3)targeted delivery and controlled release of agrochemicals,4)transgenic events in non-model crop species,and 5)seed nanopriming.We discuss the knowledge gaps in these topics.Besides the use of nanomaterials for harvesting more electrons to improve photosynthetic performance,they could be used to convert nIR and UV to visible light to expand the light spectrum for photosynthesis.We discuss this approach to maintaining plant photosynthesis under light-insufficient conditions.Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanobiotechnology for improving agricultural production.
Diagnostic performance of serum interleukin-6 in pediatric acute appendicitis:a systematic review

Background Despite the radiological and analytical advances of the last decades,there is still a significant rate of diagnostic error in pediatric acute appendicitis.In recent years,multiple biomarkers have emerged as potential diagnostic tools.This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of serum interleukin-6 in pediatric acute appendicitis.Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature that involved an extensive search in the main databases of medical bibliography (Medline,PubMed,Web of Science and SciELO).Two independent reviewers selected the relevant articles based on the previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Methodological quality of the selected article was rated using the QUADAS2 index.Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers.Results The research in the medical bibliography databases resulted in 68 articles.We removed 26 duplicates.Among the remaining 42 articles,we excluded 33 following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Of the final 9 studies included in this review,8 provided measured serum interleukin-6 values,and all of them reported significant differences between groups,but inconsistent results regarding sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions The diagnostic performance of interleukine-6 alone for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is limited.The sensitivity and specificity of interleukine-6 for the diagnosis of non-complicated acute appendicitis in the pediatric population are moderate but increased in complicated appendicitis.There seems to be a direct relationship between serum level of interleukin-6 and the hours of evolution of abdominal pain in children with acute appendicitis.The increasingly widespread use of non-operative management of acute appendicitis warrants further exploration of the classificatory potential of this marker between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis.We consider that this may be an avenue of research to explore in the future.
Applicability of discrete element method with spherical and clumped particles for constitutive study of granular materials

Discrete element method (DEM) has been intensively used to study the constitutive behaviour of granular materials.However,to what extent a real granular material can be reproduced by virtual DEM simulations remains unclear.This study attempts to answer this question by comparing DEM simulations with typical features of experimental granular materials.Three groups of models with spherical and clumped particles are investigated from four perspectives:(i) deviatoric stress and volumetric behaviour;(ii) critical state behaviour;(iii) stress-dilatancy relationship;and (iv) the evolution of principal stress ratio against axial strain.The results demonstrate that DEM with spherical or clumped particles is capable of qualitatively describing macroscopic deviatoric stress responses,volumetric behaviour,and critical state behaviour observed in experiments for granular materials.On the other hand,some qualitative deviations between experiments and the investigated DEM simulations are also observed,in terms of the stress-dilatancy behaviour and principal stress ratio against axial strain,which are proven to be critical for constitutive modelling.The results demonstrate that DEM with spherical or clumped particles may not necessarily fully capture experimental features of granular materials even from a qualitative perspective.It is thus encouraged to thoroughly validate DEM with experiments when developing constitutive models based on DEM observations.
Excavation-induced deep hard rock fracturing:Methodology and applications

To analyze and predict the mechanical behaviors of deep hard rocks,some key issues concerning rock fracturing mechanics for deep hard rock excavations are discussed.First,a series of apparatuses and methods have been developed to test the mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors of hard rocks under high true triaxial stress paths.Evolution mechanisms of stress-induced disasters in deep hard rock excavations,such as spalling,deep cracking,massive roof collapse,large deformation and rockbursts,have been recognized.The analytical theory for the fracturing process of hard rock masses,including the three-dimensional failure criterion,stress-induced mechanical model,fracturing degree index,energy release index and numerical method,has been established.The cracking-restraint method is developed for mitigating or controlling rock spalling,deep cracking and massive collapse of deep hard rocks.An energy-controlled method is also proposed for the prevention of rockbursts.Finally,two typical cases are used to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology in the Baihetan caverns and Bayu tunnels of China.
Diamond semiconductor and elastic strain engineering

Diamond,as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has become a promising candidate for next-generation microelectronics and optoelectronics due to its numerous advantages over conventional semiconductors,including ultrahigh carrier mobility and thermal conductivity,low thermal expansion coefficient,and ultra-high breakdown voltage,etc.Despite these extraordinary properties,diamond also faces various challenges before being practically used in the semiconductor industry.This review begins with a brief summary of previous efforts to model and construct diamond-based high-voltage switching diodes,high-power/high-frequency field-effect transistors,MEMS/NEMS,and devices operating at high temperatures.Following that,we will discuss recent developments to address scalable diamond device applications,emphasizing the synthesis of large-area,high-quality CVD diamond films and difficulties in diamond doping.Lastly,we show potential solutions to modulate diamond's electronic properties by the"elastic strain engineering" strategy,which sheds light on the future development of diamondbased electronics,photonics and quantum systems.
Alkali metal cation engineering in organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells

The past decade has witnessed the rapid advance in organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs).Owing to unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites,the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has jumped from 3.8% to 25.5%.However,under the stimulus of illumination,moisture,oxygen and heat,perovskites exhibit unsatisfactory stability due to weak bonding among the components in these soft-lattice crystals.Doping and passivation engineering with alkali metal cations can enhance the intrinsic stability of perovskite materials.Here,the recent progress of alkali metal cations engineering is reviewed,and the impact on the crystallization,lattice structure,photovoltaic performance and stability is discussed.
Alpha/proton Instability in the Presence of Proton and Alpha Temperature Anisotropy and its Application to the Deceleration of Alpha Particles in the Solar Wind

Observations of solar wind plasma find that the drift velocity between alpha beams and protons,v_α,is reduced with the heliocentric distance,but the ratio of v_α to v_A(the local Alfven velocity)does not vary obviously and has a typical velocity ratio of v_α/v_A≤1.The alpha beam instability is believed to be responsible for the deceleration of alpha beams in the solar wind.However,the role of the temperature anisotropy of ions(protons and alpha particles)on the alpha beam instability has not been examined.Based on the kinetic theory of the PDRK solver,this study systemically investigates the alpha beam instability in the presence of proton and alpha temperature anisotropies and considers the effects of these temperature anisotropies on the instability at an arbitrary propagation angle relative to the ambient magnetic field.It is found that the real frequencies,growth rates and threshold conditions of the excited waves sensitively depend on the proton temperature anisotropy T_(i⊥)/T_(i∥)and the alpha temperature anisotropy T_(α⊥)/T_(α∥),as well as the parallel electron beta β_(e∥).In particular,for both alpha beam and proton temperature anisotropy driven cases,the parallel magnetosonic/ whistler(PM/W),backward magnetosonic/ whistler(BM/W)and oblique Alfven/ion cyclotron(OA/IC)waves arise when T_(i⊥)/T_(i∥)&1,and the PM/W,OA/IC,parallel Alfven/ ion cyclotron(PA/IC)and mirror waves occur when T_(i⊥)/T_(i∥)>1.The presence of anisotropic protons leads to a lower velocity threshold for the OA/IC and BM/W waves at T_(i⊥)/T_(i∥)&1 and for the OA/IC,PA/IC and mirror waves at T_(i⊥)/T_(i∥)>1.For both alpha beam and alpha temperature anisotropy driven cases,the PM/W and OA/IC waves are unstable when T_(α⊥)/T_(α∥)&1,and the PM/W,OA/IC,PA/IC,oblique magnetosonic/ whistler(OM/W)and mirror waves are likely to grow as T_(α⊥)/T_(α∥)>1.The presence of anisotropic alpha particles results in a lower threshold velocity for the PM/W wave at T_(α⊥)/T_(α∥)&1 and for the PA/IC,OM/W and mirror waves at T_(α⊥)/T_(α∥)>1.On account of the influences of the anisotropic proton and alpha,these alpha beam instabilities can effectively constrain the alpha-beam drift velocity to less than or equal to the local Alfven velocity.These results may shed light on the evolution and deceleration mechanism of alpha particles in the solar wind.
A Security Enhancement Model Based on Switching Edge Strategy in Interdependent Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems

With the advent of cross-domain interconnection, large-scale sensor network systems such as smart grids, smart homes, and intelligent transportation have emerged. These complex network systems often have a CPS (Cyber-Physical System) architecture and are usually composed of multiple interdependent systems. Minimal faults between interdependent networks may cause serious cascading failures between the entire system. Therefore, in this paper, we will explore the robustness detection schemes for interdependent networks. Firstly, by calculating the largest giant connected component in the entire system, the security of interdependent network systems under different attack models is analyzed. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the cascade failure mechanism between interdependent networks under the edge enhancement strategy is carried out. Finally, the simulation results verify the impact of system reliability under different handover edge strategies and show how to choose a better handover strategy to enhance its robustness. The further research work in this paper can also help design how to reduce the interdependence between systems, thereby further optimizing the interdependent network system's structure to provide practical support for reducing the cascading failures. In the later work, we hope to explore our proposed strategies in the network model of real-world or close to real networks.
Seismotectonics and consequences of the 1930s large earthquakes in eastern Mazandaran,north of Iran

Early in the 1930s,two relatively large earthquakes (Kosout,magnitude 6.8,and Talarrud,magnitude 5.8) shook the eastern Mazandaran,northern Iran.Despite the historical and instrumental seismic activity of the eastern region of Mazandaran,little is known about the status of seismotectonics and consequences of these earthquakes.This paper presents a compilation of available data from early reports of these earthquakes with new structural,geomorphic and local data on the effects of this earthquake,especially co-seismic landslides and liquefaction,to assess the seismotectonics and probable causative faults of the earthquakes.It is proposed that the close times of occurrence of two earthquakes might be due to local loading or triggering effect of the first earthquake on the second one.Like many other instrumental earthquakes in the Central Alborz,it is difficult to find the exact causative faults of important earthquakes,however the Qadikola,Chachkam or North Alborz Fault have the potential of producing Kosout earthquake and the Lalehband fault is more promising for Talarrud earthquake.Additionally,the structural complexity of the area is also discussed in the form of a hybrid tectonic model.In this model,the boundary zone of thick-skinned and active thin-skinned domains has more structural complexity than outer portions.Konim-Badeleh Shahvar pop-up structure is bounded by major faults with thick-skinned deformation style.The role of older inherited fault structures and their interaction with low-slope Neogene thrusts driven from north to south by crustal tectonics and deformation is discussed.Co-seismic landslides and rock falls have great potential to be investigated in the Alborz Range for identification of prehistoric earthquakes.
GhKNL1 controls fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis by repressing its downstream genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Cotton which produces natural fiber materials for the textile industry is one of the most important crops in the world. Class II KNOX proteins are often considered as transcription factors in regulating plant secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. However, the molecular mechanism of the KNOX transcription factor-regulated SCW synthesis in plants (especially in cotton) remains unclear in details so far. In this study, we show a cotton class II KNOX protein (GhKNL1) as a transcription repressor functioning in fiber development. The GhKNL1-silenced transgenic cotton produced longer fibers with thicker SCWs, whereas GhKNL1 dominant repression transgenic lines displayed the opposite fiber phenotype, compared with controls. Further experiments revealed that GhKNL1 could directly bind to promoters of GhCesA4-2/4-4/8-2 and GhMYB46 for modulating cellulose synthesis during fiber SCW development in cotton. On the other hand, GhKNL1 could also suppress expressions of GhEXPA2D/4A-1/4D-1/13A through binding to their promoters for regulating fiber elongation of cotton. Taken together, these data revealed GhKNL1 functions in fiber elongation and SCW formation by directly repressing expressions of its target genes related to cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Thus, our data provide an effective clue for potentially improving fiber quality by genetic manipulation of GhKNL1 in cotton breeding.
Hearing loss due to urate deposition in the middle ear:A case report and literature review

Gout is the most common cause of monoarthritis in men occurring classically in the great toe and the knee.Extra-articular gout manifestations are rare.Only a few cases of head and neck urate crystals deposits have been described in the literature.Precipitations in the middle ear cause conductive hearing loss with common otoscopic anomalies and difficult imaging diagnosis.We report a case of a healthy 58-years-old man with a middle ear urate deposit causing a progressive hearing loss as the very first symptom of gout.The nature of the deposit was unsure on computer tomography (CT) due to atypical density.The final diagnosis was revealed after surgical procedure and histologic examination.A review of the literature is also presented.Seven cases of middle ear urate deposit as the first symptom of gout were found and compared.Progressive conductive hearing loss in middle-aged patients with abnormal otoscopy and middle ear atypical density mass on CT scan must lead to a minimal surgical procedure with a histologic examination to exclude urate crystals deposits.
Stability of computed tomography densitometry in patients with otosclerosis:a two-year follow-up

Objectives:To quantify the progression of otosclerosis in the unoperated ear between two stapedotomy procedures for patients with bilateral otosclerosis which can help to determine whether a HRCT scan should be re-performed before the second surgery for patients who already received HRCT imaging before the initial surgery.Methods:35 patients who underwent bilateral stapedotomy were included.Two rounds of HRCT examination and audiometry were performed at the time of the first surgery and second surgery on the ear that was not operated on during the initial surgery.The relationship between the changes in HRCT densitometry and audiometry over time was analyzed.Results:The second round of HRCT did not add significant information about the changes to the otosclerosis lesions in either the imaging diagnosis or the HRCT density values except for small changes in the HRCT densitometry readings at the area anterior to the inner auditory (P = 0.01).While the changes in HRCT manifestation are small,changes near the fissula ante fenestram (FAF) were still positively correlated with the air bone gap (ABG) of patients (p = 0.031,r = 0.388).Conclusions:The progression of lesions in otosclerosis is slow resulting in small and insignificant changes to the HRCT features.Therefore,a repeat HRCT evaluations prior to surgery is not necessary for patients who have had a previous HRCT evaluation within 2 years of the operation.The small changes in HRCT manifestation near the FAF were still correlated with negative effects on the ABG which could cause worsened hearing thresholds over this timeframe.
Dispersion and damping rate of Langmuir wave in space plasma with regularized Kappa distributed electrons

The dispersion of Langmuir wave(LW)in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma with regularized Kappa distributed electrons is investigated from the kinetic theory.The frequency and damping rate of LW are analyzed for the parameters relating to the source region of a type III solar radio burst.It is found that the linear behavior of LW is greatly modified by the suprathermal index κ and the exponential cutoff parameter α.In the region κ &1.5,the damping rate of LW will be much larger than the one with Maxwellian distributed electrons.Hence,the nonlinear process of LW in low κ region may exhibit different properties in comparison with the one in large κ region.
A GENERALIZED PENALTY METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIAL VARIATIONAL-HEMIVARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

We consider a differential variational-hemivariational inequality with constraints, in the framework of reflexive Banach spaces. The existence of a unique mild solution of the inequality, together with its stability, was proved in [1]. Here, we complete these results with existence, uniqueness and convergence results for an associated penalty-type method. To this end, we construct a sequence of perturbed differential variational-hemivariational inequalities governed by perturbed sets of constraints and penalty coefficients. We prove the unique solvability of each perturbed inequality as well as the convergence of its solution to the solution of the original inequality. Then, we consider a mathematical model which describes the equilibrium of a viscoelastic rod in unilateral contact. The weak formulation of the model is in a form of a differential variational-hemivariational inequality in which the unknowns are the displacement field and the history of the deformation. We apply our abstract penalty method in the study of this inequality and provide the corresponding mechanical interpretations.
合并严重心脏疾病老年患者腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉与围术期管理

心衰患者术后最常见的并发症是低氧血症和房颤。容量过负荷可导致肺水肿和/或房颤,可静脉输注小剂量硝酸甘油进行预防。行非心脏手术患者术后BNP或NT-Pro-BNP升高与术后死亡率、心肌梗死和心衰发生率增加具有相关性。与单纯合并冠心病患者相比,合并慢性心功能衰竭患者围术期死亡风险是其2~4倍以上。该患者发生急性心衰的诱因是手术引起的焦虑紧张,术后采用神经阻滞和PCIA,镇痛效果良好,未发生急性心衰、低氧血症或房颤等并发症,而且术后NT-pro-BNP逐渐下降,cTnl正常,患者恢复良好出院。
多发性骨髓瘤应用二代测序监测微小残留病的实验室标准化技术规范专家共识(2021年版)

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一种细胞遗传学高度异质的克隆性浆细胞增殖性肿瘤,是血液系统的常见肿瘤。近几年多种新型作用机制靶向药物的上市大大提高了MM患者治疗的缓解深度并延长了生存期。但由于大部分患者体内存在微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD),最终仍会复发。二代测序(next-generation sequencing,NGS)作为新的分子生物学技术,具有通量高、灵敏度高、成本低等优势,已成为MM患者MRD评估的主要研究方法之一。为实现检测结果标准化,专家组制订了在MM患者中应用NGS监测MRD实验室标准化技术规范的中国专家共识。
寒湿痹停丸联合西药治疗寒湿痹阻证强直性脊柱炎的临床研究

目的:观察寒湿痹停丸治疗寒湿痹阻证强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效。方法:采用随机分组、平行对照及研究者处于盲态的研究设计方法,将132名试验者随机分为试验组、对照组。试验组采用寒湿痹停丸+塞来昔布胶囊+柳氮磺嘧啶肠溶片,对照组采用塞来昔布胶囊+柳氮磺嘧啶肠溶片,疗程均为8 w。结果:治疗组有效率为93.75%,对照组为80.32%,治疗组明显高于对照组(P&0.05) 。试验前两组患者在中医证候量化评分、BASFI、BASMI、VAS评分、血沉及C反应蛋白比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05) ,试验后两组观察指标均明显下降(P&0.05) ,治疗后试验组各指标明显低于对照组(P&0.05) 。两组各项中医证候积分在试验前组间比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05) ,试验后积分均明显低于试验前(P&0.05) ,在腰背疼痛、关节作冷方面,试验组积分明显低于对照组(P&0.05) 。试验组不良反应低于对照组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05) 。结论:寒湿痹停丸联合塞来昔布胶囊和柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片治疗寒湿痹阻证强直性脊柱炎疗效显著,并且在腰背疼痛、关节作冷方面疗效突出。
Photoneutron dose and flux determination of a typical LINAC by MCNP simulation

Purpose High-energy electron linear accelerators (LINACs) have a wide use in radiotherapy. The photoneutron production in medical linear accelerators, when operating at energies greater than 10 MeV, is an important subject to consider in patient's treatment procedures. In this work, we simulate a typical LINAC to calculate photoneutron dose and flux in radiotherapy room. Methods The latest version of MCNPX Monte Carlo code along with MCNP visual editor has been used to simulate the LINAC and its components. Photoneutron production has been successfully simulated by selecting appropriate physics card and parameters. Dose and flux of produced photoneutrons have been calculated by using mesh tally function. Results Production of photoneutrons in LINAC head and its components have been successfully simulated by using MCNPX code. MCNP visual editor has been used to track the particles. Photoneutron dose and flux have been calculated using mesh tally function, with good results of statistical tests. Conclusion The photoneutron production has been successfully simulated and benchmarked. The proposed simulation code is able to calculate photoneutron dose and flux. According to photoneutron production cross sections, the appropriate parameters have been selected to reduce the run-time of simulation code.