mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature processed inorganic hole transport layer for efficient and stable mixed Pb-Sn low-bandgap perovskite solar cells

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention as an emerging photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low cost and ease of fabrication from earth-abundant materials. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been rapidly boosted from 3.8% in the pioneer's work to a certified 24.2% nowadays in just ten years. The PCE breakthroughs in PSCs have mostly adopted full lead-based perovskites (APbX3) with bandgaps of 1.5–1.6 eV.
Detection for disease tipping points by landscape dynamic network biomarkers

A new model-free method has been developed and termed the landscape dynamic network biomarker (l-DNB) methodology. The method is based on bifurcation theory, which can identify tipping points prior to serious disease deterioration using only single-sample omics data. Here, we show that l-DNB provides early-warning signals of disease deterioration on a single-sample basis and also detects critical genes or network biomarkers (i.e. DNB members) that promote the transition from normal to disease states. As a case study, l-DNB was used to predict severe influenza symptoms prior to the actual symptomatic appearance in influenza virus infections.The l-DNB approach was then also applied to three tumor disease datasets from the TCGA and was used to detect critical stages prior to tumor deterioration using an individual DNB for each patient. The individual DNBs were further used as individual biomarkers in the analysis of physiological data, which led to the identification of two biomarker types that were surprisingly effective in predicting the prognosis of tumors. The biomarkers can be considered as common biomarkers for cancer, wherein one indicates a poor prognosis and the other indicates a good prognosis.
Influence of long and short guide vanes on hydraulic performance of water-jet pump

Different guide vane structures will affect the flow inside the pump,and then affect the transformation of the pressure energy and kinetic energy,and change the velocity distribution of the pump outlet.In order to study the influence of long and short guide vanes on the water-jet pump,on the basis of conventional design,eight schemes of guide vane with different vertical heights were designed in the method of computational fluid dynamics for numerical calculation,the performance curve of water-jet pumps with different long and short guide vanes was obtained,and finally the influence of different guide vanes on hydraulic performance and internal flow was analyzed.The results show that all of schemes reducing the height of blade can improve the head and efficiency.In the schemes reducing the height on the shroud,the guide vanes that the height of the blade is equal to the height difference between hub and shroud in impeller have the highest head and efficiency.In all schemes decreasing the blade height,with the increase of the height difference,the velocity increases gradually and the distribution of turbulence kinetic energy becomes more reasonable in the guide vane outlet.The schemes reducing the height on the hub have more reasonable distribution of velocity and turbulence kinetic energy according to schemes reducing the height on the shroud.The guide vanes of long and short blades can be used to stagger the position of the diffusion flow generated by adjacent blades,which can reduce the effect of the velocity circulation and make the flow of the outlet position more stable.
Topological dynamical decoupling

We show that topological equivalence classes of circles in a two-dimensional square lattice can be used to design dynamical decoupling procedures to protect qubits attached on the edges of the lattice.Based on the circles of the topologically trivial class in the original and the dual lattices,we devise a procedure which removes all kinds of local Hamiltonians from the dynamics of the qubits while keeping information stored in the homological degrees of freedom unchanged.If only the linearly independent interaction and nearest-neighbor two-qubit interactions are concerned,a much simpler procedure which involves the four equiv-alence classes of circles can be designed.This procedure is compatible with Eulerian and concatenated dynamical decouplings,which make it possible to implement the procedure with bounded-strength controls and for a long time period.As an application,it is shown that our method can be directly generalized to finite square lattices to suppress uncorrectable errors in surface codes.
Dynamic analysis of a concentrating photovoltaic/concentrating solar power (CPV/CSP) hybrid system

Concentrating photovoltaic/concentrating solar power (CPV/CSP) systems suffer from varying irradiation and extreme working conditions.In this study,a dynamic physical model is developed for the CPV/CSP hybrid system to analyze the dynamic responses of several key parameters,such as the solar radiation saltation or linear variation to represent the typical weather variations.The results show that the hybrid system could rapidly reach the steady state in less than about 53 s after the solar radiation saltation increases or decreases by 10%.The response time reflects that the thermal hysteresis of the hybrid system is mainly determined by varying the outlet temperature of R134a from the solar thermal receiver.Meanwhile,when the solar radiation changes linearly,a lower gradient is beneficial to remit the thermal hysteresis of the hybrid system and improve the thermal stability,and the parameters could be treated as the steady state values with a gradient of less than 0.2 W m~(–2) s~(–1).Afterward,the quasi-steady state model was used to analyze the all-day dynamic performance of the hybrid system.It shows that the power output and the flow rate are directly related to the direct normal irradiance (DNI),while the outlet temperature of R134a vapor could be almost constant except for the starting and stopping periods.
Cotransport of graphene oxides/reduced graphene oxides with BPA in both bare and iron oxides coated quartz sand

This study investigated the cotransport behaviors of graphene oxides (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (RGO) with bisphenol A (BPA) in porous media in both NaCl (1 and 10 mmol/L) and CaCl_2 solutions (0.5 and 1.5 mmol/L) at pH 6.5.Both bare and iron oxides-coated quartz sand were employed as porous media in present study.We found that under all examined solution conditions,the presence of BPA (100 μg/L) did not have obvious influence on the transport of both GO and RGO (8 mg/L as TOC) in both bare and iron oxides-coated quartz sand.Although the dissolved BPA was the major form dominating the transport behaviors of total BPA in the presence of GO/RGO,yet the GO/RGO-associated BPA (due to the adsorption of BPA onto GO/RGO surfaces) also had some contribution to the transport of total BPA in the presence of GO/RGO in two types of porous media.Overall,due to the different transport behaviors of GO and RGO under different solution conditions,we found that the presence of GO/RGO decreased the transport of total BPA under all examined solution conditions in two types of porous media with the smallest decrease in 1 mmol/L NaCl solutions and the largest in 1.5 mmol/L CaCl_2 solutions.The results of this study clearly indicated that when BPA was co-present with GO/RGO,the transport behaviors of GO/RGO in porous media would have great influences on the fate and transport of BPA in natural environments due to their adsorption onto GO/RGO.
Molecular insight into electron transfer properties of extracellular polymeric substances of electroactive bacteria by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from electroactive bacteria show promising redox activity,but the electron transfer (ET) mechanism of the EPS has been rarely elucidated because of their structural complexity and lack of efficient methodologies.In this study,the charge transfer theory of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was applied to evaluate the redox properties of EPS adsorbed on Ni and Ag nanoparticles (NPs).These metal NPs were used to simultaneously magnify Raman signals and reduce/oxidize the redox moieties in EPS.As a result,the ET between EPS and metal NPs was evaluated through the changes in Raman signals.In this regard,we compared the redox activity of EPS extracted from two typical electroactive bacteria (Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens) and another two nonelectroactive strains (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis).Electrochemical measurements show that the electroactive strains have higher redox capabilities than nonelectroactive strains.The SERS analysis shows that the porphyrin present in cytochrome c is the dominating redox moiety in the EPS of electroactive bacteria.The results of this study show that SERS with active metal substrates is a sensitive tool to probe the redox response of EPS,offering an opportunity to better understand the redox nature of biomolecules.
Terrestrial ecosystem scenarios and their response to climate change in Eurasia

During the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), simulating the change trends of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia under different climate scenarios is a key ecological issue. The HLZ ecosystem model was improved to simulate the changes in the spatial distribution and types of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia based on the climate data from Eurasian meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010 and the data from the RCP26, RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios released by CMIP5 from 2010 to 2100. Ecological diversity and patch connectivity index models were used to quantitatively calculate the future changes in ecological diversity and patch connectivity of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia. The results show that(1) cold temperate wet forest, cool temperate moist forest and desert are the major terrestrial ecosystem types and cover 36.71% of the total area of Eurasia.(2) Under all three scenarios, the polar/nival area would shrink more than other terrestrial ecosystem types and would decrease by 26.75 million km~2 per decade on average, and the subpolar/alpine moist tundra would have the fastest decreasing rate of 10.49% per decade on average from 2010 to 2100.(3) Under the RCP85 scenario, the rate of terrestrial ecosystem changes will be greater than that under the other two scenarios, and the subpolar/alpine moist tundra would exhibit the fastest decreasing rate of 10.88% per decade from 2010 to 2100.(4) The ecological diversity would generally show decreasing trends and decrease by 0.09%, 0.13% and 0.16% per decade on average under the RCP26, RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios, respectively.(5) The patch connectivity would first increase and then decrease under all three scenarios. In general, the trends of the changes in terrestrial ecosystems would show an obvious difference in the different regions throughout the BRI area.
Impact of Rice-Catfish/Shrimp Co-culture on Nutrients Fluxes Across Sediment-Water Interface in Intensive Aquaculture Ponds

Exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus across sediment-water interface plays an important role in the management of nutrient recycling in the aquaculture pond. In this study, a plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture on the micro-profile of oxygen (O_2), pH and nutrient exchange across sediment-water interface in the intensive culture ponds. The results showed that rice-catfish co-culture increased the concentration and penetrating depth of O_2, but decreased the pH value across the sediment-water interface, compared with catfish monoculture. Additional rice cultivation significantly reduced the flux rates of ammonium (NH_4~+) and nitrate (NO_3~-) across sediment-water interface in the catfish and shrimp ponds. The flux rates of NO_2 - and soluble phosphorus (PO_4~(3-)) showed no significant difference between rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture ponds and catfish/shrimp monoculture ponds. Rice only affected the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fractions in the sediment. The concentrations of NH_4~+ were significantly lower in the sediment of co-culture ponds than in the monoculture ponds. Additional rice cultivation also significantly reduced the content and percentage of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the sediment of catfish ponds.
Sensing and Uptake of Nitrogen in Rice Plant: A Molecular View

As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen (N) is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. N is the main plant mineral nutrient needed for chlorophyll production and other plant cell components (proteins, nucleic acids and amino acids). I highlighted the novel aspects of N responsive sensors, transporters and signaling molecules recently identified in the monocot rice plant, and discussed their potential roles in N sensing and transporting. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, N sensing has been shown to be affected by different external factors, which act as local signals to trigger systemic signaling coordinated by long-distance transport or mobile signals in plant body. Understanding of this complex regulatory network provides a foundation mechanism for the development of novel strategies to increase the acquisition and transportation efficiency of nitrogen under varying N conditions for rice production.
Predictors of adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation program among coronary artery disease outpatients in China

Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has proven beneficial for patients with coronary artery disease. However, adherence to CR programs is the key to the health improvement in those patients. Identifying predictors for adherence, which is very much unknown in China, would be valuable for effective rehabilitation. This study aims to determine the adherence to home-based CR programs in Chinese coronary artery disease patients and determine predictors of adherence. Methods The current study included 1033 outpatients with coronary heart disease in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing from July 2015 to June 2017. Participants were given an exercise prescription and took part in home-based exercise training lasting for 3-24 months. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the completion of the CR program, understanding of the program, motivation of the patients, and family/peer support. Results Two thirds of the patients adhered well to the home-based CR program. Elder patients (≥ 65-year-old) adhere to the program better, while men adhered better than women. Patients who used to exercise (B = 6.756, P < 0.001), understood the program (B = 0.078, P = 0.002),with stronger motivation to participate (B = 0.376,P < 0.001),and received better family support (B = 0.487, P < 0.001) also adhere better to the program. Conclusions Understanding the program, self-motivation of patients, and family support help to keep patients engaged in a home-based CR program. Improvement of family support by educating both patients and families may be helpful in improving adherence to home-based CR programs.
Sufficient Conditions for Maximally Edge-connected and Super-edge-connected Digraphs Depending on the Size

Let D be a finite and simple digraph with vertex set V (D). The minimum degree δ of a digraph D is defined as the minimum value of its out-degrees and its in-degrees. If D is a digraph with minimum degree δ and edge-connectivity λ, then λ ≤ δ. A digraph is maximally edge-connected if λ = δ. A digraph is called super-edge-connected if every minimum edge-cut consists of edges incident to or from a vertex of minimum degree. In this note we show that a digraph is maximally edge-connected or super-edge-connected if the number of arcs is large enough.
小脑扁桃体切除术与后颅窝减压及硬膜重建术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形临床疗效对比

目的:比较小脑扁桃体下疝切除术与后颅窝减压及硬膜重建术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形的手术效果及预后,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月-2017年12月在南京医科大学附属上海市第十人民医院接受治疗的135例Chiari Ⅰ型畸形患者的临床资料,其中69例小脑扁桃体下疝切除术患者为观察组,66例后颅窝减压及硬脑膜重建术患者为对照组,记录两组住院时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、术后随访资料等。结果:观察组平均住院时间短于对照组(P < 0.05);观察组发生不良反应事件率低于对照组(4.3% vs. 18.2%,P < 0.05);观察组症状改善率(87.0%)及脊髓空洞改善率(94.4%)优于对照组的症状改善率(66.7%)及脊髓空洞改善率(81.2%,P < 0.05)。结论:小脑扁桃体切除术治疗Chiari Ⅰ型畸形症状改善率优于硬膜扩大修补术,且术后不良反应率、住院时长低于硬膜扩大修补术。
屈曲指-关节病-髋内翻-心包炎综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨屈曲指-关节病-髋内翻-心包炎综合征(CACP综合征)的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法,提高对CACP综合征的认识,减少疾病误诊率。方法结合2012年10月北京协和医院儿科收治1例CACP综合征患儿临床资料进行文献复习,分析该病的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。结果患儿女,10岁,存在婴儿期屈曲指、对称性多关节病、髋内翻、缩窄性心包炎,合并胸腔积液、腹腔积液,临床诊断CACP综合征,给予心包剥脱术治疗,术后患儿静脉回流受阻情况明显好转。复习文献目前基因诊断确诊CACP综合征病例共40余例,已发现致病基因为PRG4基因。CACP综合征患者几乎100%存在先天性或早发性屈曲指;100%患者婴幼儿期或儿童期出现非炎症性大关节受累;骨关节放射学检查特征改变为非侵蚀性关节损害,关节周围骨质疏松,关节腔积液,关节间隙增宽,可有扁平股骨头,股骨颈短而宽,颈干角缩小。50%左右患者伴有进行性加重的髋内翻畸形。大约30%患者合并非炎症性心包积液,严重者可致缩窄性心包炎。结论CACP综合征罕见,属于常染色体隐性遗传病,临床主要表现为出生时或婴儿早期出现的屈曲指、多发大关节受累的非侵蚀性关节炎、髋内翻畸形及心包炎,临床工作中易与其他类型关节炎予以鉴别,疑似病例可行基因学检查以明确诊断。
巴洛沙韦(Baloxavir marboxil,Xofluza)

巴洛沙韦(baloxavir marboxil)是由日本盐野义(Shionogi)公司和瑞士罗氏(Roche)公司共同研发的一种单剂口服药物,商品名为Xofluza,于2018年2月24日在日本率先获得批准上市, 2018年10月25日获美国FDA批准上市,用于治疗甲型和乙型流感。
Degradation of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process

In this work, microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Three process additives (NaOH, Na_2HPO_4, H_2O), temperatures (150 °C, 185 °C, 220 °C) and reaction times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h) were investigated to identify their effect on the disposal of fly ash samples through orthogonal experiments. High-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC/ MS) was applied to determine the PCDD/F concentrations in MSWI fly ash. The experimental results revealed that 83.7% of total PCDD/Fs was degraded. Reaction temperature was the most important factor for the degradation of the total PCDD/Fs. Both direct destruction and chlorination reactions (the chlorination degree of PCDFs increased) took part in the degradation of PCDD/Fs in fly ash, which was a new discovery. Several PCDD/F indexes determined by the concentration of indicative congeners were found to quantitatively characterize the dioxin toxicity of the fly ash. Furthermore, heavy metals in the fly ash sample were solidified using microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment, which provided an experimental basis for the simultaneous disposal of dioxins and heavy metals. Thus, the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process should be considered for the future disposal of MSWI fly ash.
Soil Microbial Community and Enzyme Activity Responses to Herbaceous Plant Expansion in the Changbai Mountains Tundra, China

As one of the most sensitive regions to global climate change, alpine tundra in many places around the world has been undergoing dramatic changes in vegetation communities over the past few decades. Herbaceous plant species in the Changbai Mountains area have significantly expanded into tundra shrub communities over the past 30 yr. Soil microbial communities, enzyme activities, and soil nutrients are intertwined with this expansion process. In order to understand the responses of the soil microbial communities to such an expansion, we analyzed soil microbial community structures and enzyme activities in shrub tundra as well as areas with three different levels of herbaceous plant expansion. Our investigation was based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and 96-well microtiter plates. The results showed that herbs have expanded greatly in the tundra, and they have become the dominant species in herbaceous plant expansion areas. There were differences for community composition and appearance among the shrub tundra and the mild expansion, moderate expansion, and severe expansion areas. Except for soil organic matter, soil nutrients were increased in herbaceous plant expansion areas, and the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) were greatest in moderate expansion areas (MOE), while soil organic matter levels were highest in the non-expanded areas (CK). The total soil PLFAs in the three levels of herbaceous plant expansion areas were significantly higher than those in the non-expanded areas, and total soil PLFAs were highest in the moderately expanded area and lowest in the severely expanded area (SEE). Bacteria increased significantly more than fungi and actinomycetes with herbaceous plant expansion. Soil hydrolase activities (β-1,4-glucosidase (βG) activity, β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity, and acid phosphatase (aP) activity) were highest in MOE and lowest in the CK treatment. Soil oxidase activities (polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and peroxidase (PER) activities) were also highest in MOE, but they were lowest in the SEE treatment. The variations in total soil PLFAs with herbaceous plant expansion were mostly correlated with soil organic matter and available phosphorus concentrations, while soil enzyme activities were mostly correlated with the total soil nitrogen concentration. Our results suggest that herbaceous plant expansion increase the total soil PLFAs and soil enzyme activities and improved soil nutrients. However, soil microorganisms, enzyme activity, and nutrients responded differently to levels of herbaceous plant expansion. The soil conditions in mild and moderate expansion areas are more favorable than those in severe expansion areas.
Medical expenditures for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment: A 10-year high-level-hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey in China, 2002-2011

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a substantial burden of disease in China and the evidence of economic burden triggered is fundamental for priority setting. The aim of this survey was to quantify medical expenditures and the time trends for CRC diagnosis and treatment in China. Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 13 provinces across China. For each eligible CRC patient diagnosed from 2002 to 2011, clinical information and expenditure data were extracted using a uniform questionnaire. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY) using 2011 values. Results: Of the 14,536 CRC patients included, the average age at diagnosis was 58.2 years and 15.8% were stage-I cases. The average medical expenditure per patient was estimated at 37,902 CNY [95 % confidence interval (95% CI): 37,282-38,522], and the annual average increase rate was 9.2% from 2002 to 2011 (P for trend <0.001), with a cumulative increase of 2.4 times (from 23,275 CNY to 56,010 CNY). The expenditure per patient in stages I, II, III and IV were 31,698 CNY, 37,067 CNY, 38,918 CNY and 42,614 CNY, respectively (P<0.001). Expenditure significantly differed within various subgroups. Expenses for drugs contributed the largest proportion (52.6%). Conclusions: These conservative estimates illustrated that medical expenditures for CRC diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals in China were substantial and increased rapidly over the 10 years, with drugs continually being the main expense by 2011. Relatively, medical expenditures are lower for CRC in the earlier stages. These findings will facilitate the economic evaluation of CRC prevention and control in China.
老年人失能预防核心信息解读

预防老年人失能是老年人健康管理工作中必须面对和重视的一个问题。为大力开展老年人失能健康教育,提高老年人群失能相关知识健康素养,受国家卫生健康委员会老龄健康司委托,国家老年医学中心、中华医学会老年医学分会以专家团队为依托,经多次专家讨论会制订《老年人失能预防核心信息》,现对核心信息各知识要点进行解读。
2018国际肌少症临床实践指南解读及管理肌少症对预防老年人失能的意义

肌少症是与增龄相关的骨骼肌质量与力量的下降,其与跌倒、骨折、失能、死亡率增加相关;老年人失能在当今老龄化社会是一个比较突出的问题,严重阻碍了健康老龄化,肌少症是失能的一大危险因素,本文主要解读2018国际肌少症临床实践指南,旨在为临床医务人员提供肌少症诊断和管理的参考标准,并简要分析肌少症的识别与干预对预防老年人失能的意义。