mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
TRAIL-based gene delivery and therapeutic strategies

TRAIL(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), also known as APO2L, belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.By binding to the death receptor 4(DR4)or DR5, TRAIL induces apoptosis of tumor cells without causing side toxicity in normal tissues.In recent years TRAIL-based therapy has attracted great attention for its promise of serving as a cancer drug candidate.However, the treatment efficacy of TRAIL protein was under expectation in the clinical trials because of the short half-life and the resistance of cancer cells.TRAIL gene transfection can produce a “bystander effect” of tumor cell killing and provide a potential solution to TRAIL-based cancer therapy.In this review we focus on TRAIL gene therapy and various design strategies of TRAIL DNA delivery including non-viral vectors and cell-based TRAIL therapy.In order to sensitize the tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, combination therapy of TRAIL DNA with other drugs by the codelivery methods for yielding a synergistic antitumor efficacy is summarized.The opportunities and challenges of TRAIL-based gene delivery and therapy are discussed.
艾灸治疗原发性高血压病临床疗效的Meta分析

目的评价艾灸治疗原发性高血压病的安全性和临床疗效。方法检索建库至2018年10月1日知网、维普、万方、中国国家图书馆、文献图书馆、Pubmed及美国《科学引文索引》有关艾灸治疗原发性高血压病的文献进行Meta分析。结果19篇文献被纳入研究,共涉及1729例随机对照试验患者。Meta分析显示:在收缩压、舒张压、降压疗效、症状积分及症状疗效方面,艾灸联合西药组优于单纯西药组,具有统计学意义(RR = - 6.31,95% CI[- 9.46,- 3.17]、RR = - 4.78, 95%CI[- 7.06,- 2.51]、RR = 6.24,95% CI[2.74,14.21]、RR = - 3.75,95% CI[- 4.78,- 2.73]、RR = 8.63,95% CI [4.72,15.79]);艾灸组降压疗效较单纯西药组及针刺组无差异(RR = 1.16,95% CI[0.68,2.00]、RR = 0.81,95% CI [0.23,2.86]),但在改善症状方面艾灸组优于单纯西药组(RR = 3.25,95%CI[1.42,7.43]) 。共有3个研究报告了不良事件。结论艾灸具有辅助西药发挥降压作用并可改善临床症状,但不能替代西药治疗。
生态区和种源因素对半夏生长及质量的影响研究

目的为毕节不同生态区筛选高产、稳产的半夏种质资源应用与生产。方法采用一年多点区域试验的方差分析方法,对6个不同半夏种质的产量及药效成分在各试验点的数据进行比较评价,进一步分析不同品种的丰产性、稳产性。结果结合产量、产出比及有机酸、浸出物含量综合考虑,赫章黑麻芋特别适合在赫章地区种植、赫章白麻芋适合在赫章和威宁两地推广种植。结论赫章点宜选赫章黑麻芋和赫章白麻芋种植,威宁点宜选赫章白麻芋种植。
葛根素注射液防治缺血性中风的临床与基础研究

葛根素是从中药葛根中提取的异黄酮类衍生物,临床上广泛用于辅助治疗冠心病、脑血管等疾病,疗效较优,然而其潜在作用机制尚未系统研究,其临床不良反应也时见报端。本文综述了近60年来有关葛根素注射液的研发过程,其防治缺血性中风的临床疗效和不良反应、防治缺血性中风的可能相关机制等,以期为临床更好推广应用该药提供理论支持。
儿童难治性支原体肺炎的标本辨治及中西贯通初探

对儿童难治性支原体肺炎(RMPP)中医辨治切入点的思考和临床验效,探析了“标本辨证、中西贯通、扶正祛邪”为中医药辨治儿童RMPP切入点之观点,并资西医病理以佐证。发展了儿童难治性支原体肺炎的中医病机理论,以希对儿童RMPP的中医辨治和临床研究有所裨益。
石榴皮多糖的不同制备工艺及其生物活性比较

目的通过正交试验优化不同方法制备石榴皮多糖的工艺,并研究石榴皮多糖的体外生物活性,为石榴皮药材资源开发提供依据。方法分别以热水浸提法、超声波辅助水浸法和复合酶法提取石榴皮多糖,利用正交试验法优化石榴皮多糖提取工艺,采用不同的体外抗氧化和抑菌实验探索石榴皮多糖的生物活性。结果石榴皮多糖的最适提取条件分别为:料液比1∶ 35,提取温度为95℃,时间为1h,超声时间60min,超声温度55℃,料液比为1∶ 25,超声波功率140W;料液比1∶ 55、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间2h,复合酶浓度为1%,在此最佳条件下石榴皮多糖得率分别8.6%、8.2%和11.9%。其中热水浸提和超声波辅助提取的多糖都具有抑菌性,而且对大肠杆菌和谷草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性强于酵母菌。结论优化的石榴皮多糖提取工艺中,复合酶法制备的石榴皮多糖得率最高,三种不同方法制备的石榴皮多糖具有很强的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基清除活性,适度的抗菌活性。
葛根中有效成分葛根素膜分离工艺研究

目的优选陶瓷膜分离葛根中有效成分葛根素的工艺条件。方法采用响应面法用指标成分透过率作为评价,分别将过膜压力(MPa) 、膜孔大小(KD) 、过膜浓度(mg·mL~(-1))三种因素作为实验指标,研究其对膜分离葛根中有效成分葛根素的影响,在单因素实验的基础上根据Box - Behnken的中心组合实验设计原理,利用design - expert软件对数据进行回归分析。结果陶瓷膜分离葛根中有效成分葛根素的优化条件为:过膜浓度0.25 mg·mL~(-1),过膜压力1.6 MPa,膜孔大小300 KD。在此条件下葛根素的膜透过率平均为47.546%,二项式拟合复相关系数R~2= 0.9559。结论该工艺简单,容易操作且指标成分透过率较高,相比传统工艺,用醇量较少,生产周期较短,具有可操作性,可用于葛根中有效成分葛根素的分离。
Construction of one dimensional ZnWO_4@SnWO_4 core-shell heterostructure for boosted photocatalytic performance

The one-dimensional ZnWO_4@SnWO_4 photocatalyst with a core-shell heterostructure was successfully constructed by a simple two-step method.It is interesting to note that ZnWO_4@SnWO_4 composite photocatalyst owns a higher photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation under visible light irradiation.The introduction of SnWO_4 shell layer,which forms a clear heterogenous interface between ZnWO_4 and SnWO_4,increases the photo-absorption efficiency of ZnWO_4 nanorods.In addition,its band-edge absorption evidently shifts toward the visible region.Based on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements,it is found that the photocatalytic activity was attributed to the efficient separation and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers.Hence,they can produced more hydroxyl radical (·OH) as the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction process.
N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres derived by confined pyrolysis for high supercapacitor performance

Herein,we report a confined pyrolysis strategy to prepare mesoporous carbon nanospheres by which surface area of carbon spheres is increased,pore size is enlarged and effective N-doping is achieved.In this method,the mesoporous polymer sphere as carbon precursor and 2-methylimidazole as nitrogen precursor are encapsulated in a compact silica shell which provides a confined nano-space for the pyrolysis treatment.The in situ generated gases from mesoporous polymer sphere and 2-methylimidazole under pyrolysis diffuse into the pores of mesoporous polymer sphere in the confined compact silica shell,resulting in increased surface area,larger pore size and N-doping due to self-activation effect.As electrodes in supercapacitor,the N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres exhibit a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 326 F g~(–1) at 0.5Ag~(–1),which is 2 times higher than that of mesoporous carbon spheres under unconfined pyrolysis condition,exhibiting its potential for electrode materials with high performance.
2-Ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted sol-gel synthesis of Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 nanorods with enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10- anthraquinone hydrogenation q

A series of nanorod-like porous Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts with controllable textural properties and enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (eAQ) hydrogenation for H_2O_2 preparation were successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method using aluminum isopropoxide as aluminum precursor and eAQ as structure directing agent, sequential calcination and impregnation process with Na2PdCl4 solution. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts obtained with different addition amounts of eAQ were comparatively characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, BET, TEM, CO-TPR, H2-TPR and H_2-O_2 titration. The results show that addition of eAQ can not only effectively control the textural properties (surface area, pore volume and average pore size) of the catalysts, but also lower their reduction temperature of active metal. Importantly, the catalyst obtained with an addition amount of 4 wt% eAQ shows the highest hydrogenation efficiency of 10.28 g·L~(-1), which is 37.3% higher than 7.49 g·L~(-1) of the catalyst obtained without eAQ.
水质监测预警技术创新与能力建设

城市供水是重大基础性民生工程,事关城镇居民身体健康和社会和谐稳定。当前,在我国工业化、城镇化和市场化快速推进的大背景下,水环境污染尚未得到根本性遏制,水体污染物种类繁多,新兴痕量毒害污染物不断检出,水质污染呈现复合性、复杂性和多变性等特征,水源突发性污染事件时有发生,饮用水安全保障的形势依然严峻。
DiffRank - RF差异网络分析方法的研究与应用

差异表达分析常被用于各种疾病标志物的筛选研究中,如传统的t检验、显著性分析( significance of microarrays, SAM )检验、偏最小二乘( pa least square, PLS)等方法。然而,这些方法主要是通过比较不同分组之间基因表达均值的差异筛选标记物,忽视了物质之间的相互调控关系,致使研究结果不够稳定或检验效率低。在组学研究中,由于基因调控和蛋白质的互相作用,很有可能在表达量上还没有呈现出明显差别时,在调控关系上已经发生了一定的改变。差异网络分析方法更加注重不同分组情况下调控关系和网络拓扑结构的差别,并由此筛选出具有潜在生物学意义的标记物。本文提出DiffRank-RF差异网络分析方法,通过模拟实验评价该方法的准确性和适用条件,并与传统的变量筛选方法进行比较,最后应用于乳腺癌实际数据,得到相应的分析结果。
SAS软件实现Serfling回归模型

目的为方便研究人员使用Serfling回归模型做疾病负担研究,开发SAS宏程序用于相关数据整理、模型应用和结果展示。方法以宁波市2015年1月1日到2018年12月31日0 ~ 3岁儿童流感和肺炎( ICD-10: J09 ~ J18)门诊数据为实例,介绍和验证SAS宏程序%SERFLING( IN_DSN =,AGE =,SEX =,CLIP =,WEEKS_EPI = ) 。结果按照SAS宏程序% SERFLING的参数说明,在指定输入数据集( IN_DSN = )基础上按需选择年龄范围( AGE = ) 、性别( SEX = ) 、是否将不足一周的头尾数据删除( CLIP = )以及是否使用传统Serfling回归模型( WEEKS_EPI = ),就可以自动完成对原始数据的整理、Serfling回归模型应用和相关结果展示。结论SAS宏程序% SERFLING方便了Serfling回归模型的应用,具有一定的实用性。
2011 - 2016年浙江省胃癌患者的生存分析

目的对2011 - 2016年浙江省胃癌患者的生存情况及预后影响因素进行分析。方法从浙江省慢性病监测信息系统数据库中选取2011年1月- 2016年12月期间纳入的胃癌病例资料进行分析。最终筛选出10356例患者作为本次研究样本。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,采用Cox回归法进行胃癌患者预后多因素分析。结果胃癌患者中位生存期为38.0个月。1、3、5年生存率分别为86.2%( 8927 /10356) 、52.5%( 5437 /10356) 、36.0%( 3728 /10356) 。高龄、农村地区、肿瘤部位为胃癌术后患者预后的危险因素。结论胃癌患者的生存状况受年龄、地区、肿瘤发生部位的影响。
基于排队论的取药窗口优化管理研究

随着计算机等信息技术的引入,医院的服务流程管理得到显著改善,如患者通过互联网可以实现预约挂号、床位排号等。医院改进服务方式有利于患者就诊,提升医院的工作效率。取药是医院众多服务中必不可少的环节,取药窗口服务暂时还不能充分利用信息技术通过网络进行预约处理,大部分医院仍然沿用旧的管理模式,导致医院的就诊流程出现阻塞,成为就诊时间延迟的主要问题。
取对侧大隐静脉移植桥接治疗腘动脉外膜囊肿一例

腘动脉外膜囊肿由Ejrup和Hiertonn于1954年首次报道。Tsilimparis等统计截至2017年腘动脉外膜囊肿仅报道380例,我国有几例个案报道。此病发病机制尚不明确,可能是胚胎时期黏液细胞进入腘动脉外膜以及膝关节运动刺激导致动脉外膜损伤变性、黏液细胞渗出形成囊肿。此病较为罕见,易误诊、漏诊。早期临床表现多为下肢发凉、疼痛或间歇性跛行;随着囊肿增大,腘动脉管腔逐渐狭窄、闭塞,进而导致下肢缺血。此病易与动脉血栓硬化症和血栓闭塞性脉管炎混淆,下肢动脉超声、CTA、DSA可为诊断提供确切证据,并可以明确囊肿位置、大小、与管壁关系以及动脉狭窄程度等,有利于制定治疗方案。可在超声或CT引导下行经皮穿刺囊液抽吸治疗,但存在穿刺精准度不高及囊壁仍会分泌黏液导致复发等问题,因此一般采取手术治疗。单纯切除或切开囊肿,如果囊壁切除不完全,囊肿则易复发,而将囊壁完全切除又会损伤血管。切除病变段血管后用自体或人工血管重建,可完整切除囊壁,降低术后复发率,但重建后血管的远期通畅率尚不明确,且术后需长期服用抗凝药。本例患者囊肿较大且管腔狭窄较重,我们采取腘动脉重建治疗;重建后的腘动脉通畅,无复发和血栓形成。
Luminescent-plasmonic coreeshell microspheres,doped with Nd~(3+)and modified with gold nanoparticles,exhibiting whispering gallery modes and SERS activity

Multifunctional core/shell type,luminescent-plasmonic material composed of lanthanide doped microspheres (≈50 mm) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs;≈10-20 nm) deposited onto their surface,were successfully prepared (Nd~(3+):YAS@Au).The material was synthesized to combine the luminescence properties of the Nd~(3+)-doped microspheres,i.e.whispering resonance with plasmonic activity of the surface Au NPs,i.e.surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect,within a single,micro-sized material.The luminescent-plasmonic microspheres were used as the active SERS substrate for detection of the organic probe,and for generation of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGM),which red-shift together with increasing laser power (temperature elevation).The products obtained were analysed with optical,scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM),as well as by Raman,absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies.
方差分析两两比较法在光谱分析用块状标准样品单元内均匀性检验中的应用

标准样品预期用途只使用单元的一部分,单元的表面是使用部分,应说明单元内均匀性的影响。光谱分析用块状标准样品的使用区域是表面部分,因此,应对单元内的均匀性进行考察。块状标准样品的均匀性检验一般采用单因素方差分析法、双因素方差分析法或极差法,这些评价均匀性方法的最大缺点是无法判定各位置的数据分布情况。本文推荐一种基于显著性差异(HSD)两两比较法的方差分析均匀性检验方法,对块状标准样品单元内均匀性进行检验。
高效液相色谱法测定食用植物油中抗氧化剂的含量

今年来,百姓生活水平不断提高,食用植物油的使用量逐年增加。食用植物油在日常环境条件下由于氧化会发生变质。为了阻止或延缓食用植物油的氧化,食品生产企业会认为添加抗氧化剂,延长食用植物油的保质期。目前,使用最为广泛的人工合成抗氧化剂为特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT),这3种抗氧化剂都具有一定的毒性,过量食用会对人体健康造成损害,我国在国家标准GB2760-2014中规定TBHQ、BHA和BHT在食用植物油中的量大使用量均不能过0.2g·kg~(-1)。因此,准确测定食用植物油中TBHQ、BHA和BHT的含量,对保障百姓餐桌安全具有十分重要的意义。
关注支气管舒张药物治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的心脏获益

支气管舒张剂是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)治疗的基石。既往对于支气管舒张剂的研究大多聚焦于慢阻肺患者的支气管舒张机制和改善呼吸系统症状的效能,而严重忽视了支气管舒张剂对位于同一胸腔内的心血管系统的效应。临床上对于慢阻肺患者的心功能异常,往往注重其右心功能的改变,甚至片面地认为慢阻肺相关的心脏异常就是右心的问题,即使存在左心功能问题也归因于继发于右心异常。事实上,在慢阻肺早期即可存在左心功能异常,慢阻肺患者常伴随左心室充盈障碍。近年来的研究结果表明,支气管舒张剂治疗在缓解慢阻肺患者肺部过度充气状态的同时,也可改善心脏结构和功能,使患者获益。
Tribological behavior of a Ni-WS_2 composite coating across wide temperature ranges

In order to reduce the friction coefficient of a pure nickel coating and extend the lifetime of metal parts under extreme friction conditions, a series of Ni-based WS_2-com-posite solid lubrication coating containing different WS_2 concentrations were prepared on a 45# mild carbon steel substrate by electroplating. The cyclic voltammetry method was used to investigate the electroplating regulation of the Ni-WS_2 composite coatings. X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to analyze the microstructures and wear surfaces of the composite coatings, the tribological properties and wear mechanisms of the composite coatings with different WS_2 concentrations. The results show that the addition of WS_2 can promote the cathode polarization of the electroplating process, and the polarization degree goes up with the increase in WS_2 concentrations. The friction coefficient of Ni-composite coatings significantly decreases by the addition of WS_2 particles. The lowest friction coefficient at room temperature is obtained at a value around 0.01-0.03 from the coating deposited in the electrolyte solution with a 30 g·L~(-1) WS_2 concentration. The friction coefficient of the Ni-WS_2 composite coating remains in 0.01-0.03 with the increase in temperature from room temperature to 300 °C. When the temperature goes up to 500 °C, the friction coefficient manifests a continuous increase to 0.12,because WS_2 is gradually oxidized into WO_3 and therefore loses its lubrication ability.
免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎诊治专家共识

近年来,随着免疫检查点抑制剂在肺癌治疗中的广泛应用,免疫治疗相关不良反应逐渐引起人们的关注。免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎是常见的免疫治疗相关肺毒性,也是引起免疫检查点抑制剂相关死亡的重要原因之一。免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎缺乏典型的临床症状和影像学表现,目前尚无统一的诊断标准,如果诊疗不当可能危及患者生命。因此,中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺癌学组针对免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎的诊治进行了研讨并形成专家共识,旨在指导临床医生早期识别及诊断免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎,合理治疗并进行密切监测和随访。
杀虫剂和杀菌剂联合施用对玉米穗腐病田间防效和玉米产量的影响

玉米穗腐病是玉米果穗上普遍发生的一类真菌病害,该病害可直接影响玉米品质,也可产生多种霉菌毒素威胁人畜健康(Duan et al.,2016)。降雨、温度和虫害等因素均与穗腐病的发生密切相关,其中害虫为害是病原菌侵染的主要途径。本研究结合党晶晶等(2017)的研究结果,通过田间试验测定在玉米不同生育期杀菌剂和杀虫剂单独或联合施用对玉米穗腐病的防治效果及对玉米产量的影响,以期为玉米穗腐病的全面防治提供技术支撑和参考依据。
Quadrilateral 2D linked-interpolation finite elements formicropolar continuum

Quadrilateral finite elements for linear micropolar continuum theory are developed using linked interpolation. In order to satisfy convergence criteria, the newly presented finite elements are modified using the Petrov-Galerkin method in which different interpolation is used for the test and trial functions. The elements are tested through four numerical examples consisting of a set of patch tests, a cantilever beam in pure bending and a stress concentration problem and compared with the analytical solution and quadrilateral micropolar finite elements with standard Lagrangian interpolation. In the higher-order patch test, the performance of the first-order element is significantly improved. However, since the problems analysed are already describable with quadratic polynomials, the enhancement due to linked interpolation for higher-order elements could not be highlighted. All the presented elements also faithfully reproduce the micropolar effects in the stress concentration analysis, but the enhancement here is negligible with respect to standard Lagrangian elements, since the higher-order polynomials in this example are not needed.
恶性肿瘤中GAPLINC的调控作用及其与患者预后的关系

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,IncRNA)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸且因缺乏开放性阅读框架而丧失蛋白编码能力的转录本,但是IncRNA能够在转录以及转录后等不同水平以诸多方式调控肿瘤的发生发展。GAPLINC (gastric adenocarcinoma associated, positive CD44 regulator,long intergenic non-coding RNA)定位于人类染色体18p11.31,在多种恶性肿瘤(胃癌、结直肠癌、胆管癌等)中异常高表达并能够通过不同的作用机制调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、抗凋亡、侵袭和转移。此外,GAPLINC还可作为生物标志物在肿瘤的早期诊断、靶向治疗及患者的预后评估等方面具有重要的应用前景。该文就GAPLINC在恶性肿瘤中的调控作用及应用前景作一综述。
儿童胸腰段无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤2例

对遵义医科大学附属医院小儿矫形外科收治的2例胸腰段无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。2例患儿均因跳舞下腰致腰背部疼痛伴下肢活动、感觉障碍。查体:脊柱无明显侧弯畸形、生理弯曲存在,各棘突无压痛,腰部以下感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,脊髓损伤神经评分分级A级。X线检查:颈椎、胸椎及腰椎未见异常;例1磁共振成像(MRI)示T_7以下脊髓水肿,例2 MRI示T_6以下脊髓多发水肿。予激素、神经营养、胸腹带固定脊柱、高压氧、针灸等综合治疗,随诊1年均无明显疗效。提示儿童胸腰段无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤总体预后较差,需要高度认识此病,及早结合病史、体征和MRI明确诊断并予以综合治疗。
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Structural Modification of Porous Silica from Low-Energy Recoils

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the effects of low-energy recoils on the microscopic structure of porous silica. Exhibiting a logistic growth with the recoil energy, the displacement probability of Si is shown to be smaller than that of O at the same primary knock-on level. Computations of pair distribution functions and bond angle distributions reveal that this material upon irradiation with energies around the displacement thresholds mainly undergoes structural changes in the medium-range order. In the porous network, while the formation of nonbridging oxygen defects tends to induce shorter Si-O bonds than those formed by bridging oxygen atoms, a remarkable increase of inter-tetrahedral bond angles created by multiple recoils can be observed and associated with the rearrangement of ring statistics.
Hybridization Effects Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy in Heavy-Fermion Ce_2IrIn_8

We utilize high-resolution resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the band structure and hybridization effect of the heavy-fermion compound Ce_2IrIn_8. We observe a nearly flat band at the binding energy of 7meV below the coherent temperature T_(coh)~40 K, which characterizes the electrical resistance maximum and indicates the onset temperature of hybridization. However, the Fermi vector and the Fermi surface volume have little change around Tcoh, which challenges the widely believed evolution from a high-temperature small Fermi surface to a low- temperat ure large Fermi surface. Our experimental results of the band structure flt well with the density functional theory plus dynamic mean-field theory calculations.
Review of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Based on Hybrid Switch

SiC Hybrid switch (HyS) combines low conduction loss of Si IGBT and low switching loss of SiC MOSFET, and the cost is closer to that of Si IGBT. The promising high performances of HyS will bring considerable achievement in terms of enhancing power density of a converter system. By reviewing the gate drive pattern, gate drive hardware, current sharing, module design, converter design, and cost, this paper introduces state-of-the-art SiC HyS.
Macroscopic synthesis of ultrafine N-doped carbon nanofibers for superior capacitive energy storage

Carbon nanofibers(CNFs) with excellent electric conductivity and high surface area have attracted immense research interests in supercapacitors. However, the macroscopic production of CNFs still remains a great challenge. Herein, ultrafine N-doped CNFs(N-CNFs) with a diameter of -20 nm are synthesized through a simple and scalable sol-gel method based on the self-assembly of phenolic resin and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. When employed in aqueous supercapacitors, the obtained activated N-CNFs manifest a high gravimetric/areal capacitance(380 F g~(-1)/1.7 F cm~(-2)) as well as outstanding rate capability and cycling stability. Besides, the activated N-CNFs also demonstrate excellent capacitive performance(330 F g~(-1)) in flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors. The remarkable electrochemical performance as well as the easy and scalable synthesis makes the N-CNFs a highly promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
Spontaneous low-temperature crystallization of α-FAPbI_3 for highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Formamidinium lead triiodide(HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 or FAPbI_3) is a promising light absorber for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells because of its superior light absorption range and thermal stability to CH_3NH_3PbI_3(MAPbI_3). Unfortunately, it is difficult to fabricate high-quality FAPbI_3 thin films to surpass the MAPbI_3-based cells due to easily forming unwanted but more stable yellow d-phase and thus requiring high annealing-temperature for wanted photovoltaic-active black a-phase. Herein, we reported a novel low-temperature fabrication of highly crystallized α-FAPbI_3 film exhibiting uniaxial-oriented nature with large grain sizes up to 2 lm. First-principles energetic calculations predicted that this novel deposition should be ascribed to the formation of a high-energy metastable two-dimensional(2D) intermediate of MAFAPbI_3Cl followed by a spontaneous conversion to α-FAPbI_3. The ions exchange reaction during this MAFAPbI_3Cl-FAPbI_3 conversion account for the perovskite film uniaxial-oriented grown along the(1 1 1) direction. This large-grain and uniaxial-oriented grown α-FAPbI_3 based solar cells exhibited an efficiency up to 20.4% accompanying with low density-voltage(J-V) hysteresis and high stability.
A non-volatile AND gate based on Al_2O_3/HfO_2/Al_2O_3 charge-trap stack for in-situ storage applications

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired academia in microelectronics to find a novel device structure to offer a potential technological route for increasing energy efficiency and processing speed for data storage and computing at transistor level. Devices based on 2D materials include logic gates and memories, each with their own unique features. However, integrating logic function and memory into a single device has barely been studied. Here, we report a non-volatile AND gate based on Al_2O_3/HfO_2/Al_2O_3 charge-trap stack. The device can store charges after completing logic operation. The ratio of high and low current states during logic operations can exceed 105. The output current states during the logic and memory operations still have a two orders of magnitude distinction after 800 s, indicating that this device possesses the non-volatile characteristic. The device has potential applications for insitu memory applications, which makes it a possible candidate to break the ‘‘memory wall” at transistor level.
CsPb(I_xBr_(1-x))_3 solar cells

Owing to its nice performance, low cost, and simple solution-processing, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSC) becomes a promising candidate for next-generation high-efficiency solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has boosted from 3.8% to 25.2% over the past ten years. Despite the rapid progress in PCE, the device stability is a key issue that impedes the commercialization of PSCs. Recently, all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites have attracted much attention due to their better stability compared with their organic-inorganic counterpart. In this progress report, we summarize the properties of CsPb(I_xBr_(1-x))_3 and their applications in solar cells. The current challenges and corresponding solutions are discussed. Finally, we share our perspectives on CsPb(I_xBr_(1-x))_3 solar cells and outline possible directions to further improve the device performance.
Wearable droplet microfluidics

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which aims at continuously measuring and screening dynamic chemical signals in human body, is attracting increasing attention among disease treatment, diagnosis, drug discovery and other biomedical fields. Recent years have witnessed the booming development of miniaturized, minimal-invasive POC technologies, such as implanted electrochemical sensors, paper chips and microfluidic devices. Among them, microfluidics is one of the most promising strategy due to the accurate and user-friendly properties. However, most of the microfluidic POC devices are manually intensive and highly rely on bulky laboratory equipment such as syringe pumps, external valves and microscopes, which not only limit their applications in wearable devices, but also hinder their moving out of laboratory and into practical use. These problems remain unsolved until now.
Halogen conversion-intercalation chemistry promises high energy density Li-ion battery

The state-of-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved great commercial success during the past decades. The intercalation mechanisms in graphite anode and lithium transition metal oxide enabled its long-term stability in organic electrolytes. The classic electrolyte formula of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in carbonate solvents provided a benign solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surface. Subsequent researches on materials and electrolytes have improved the electrochemical stability and energy density for LIBs. Nevertheless, their adoptions, especially in electric vehicles and power grid have been obstructed owing to the safety concerns and environmental impact. The flammable carbonate solvents are easy to trigger fire and cause cell failure. The common used LiPF6 is sensitive to moisture which increases much difficulty to eliminate trace water in practical application.
A water-evaporation-induced self-charging hybrid power unit for application in the Internet of Things

A self-charging hybrid power unit has been developed by integrating a water-evaporation-induced nanogenerator with a flexible nano-patterned supercapacitor. The nanogenerator can harvest environmental thermal energy and mechanical energy through the water evaporation process, and the supercapacitor can be charged simultaneously. The former offers stable electrical power as output, whereas the Ppybased supercapacitor shows a capacitance of 12.497 mF/cm~2 with 96.42% retention after 4,000 cycles. After filling the power unit with water as the fuel, it can be fully charged in about 20 min. The power unit can be flexibly integrated with electronic devices such as sensor nodes and wireless transmitters employing the Internet of Things. This new approach can offer new possibilities in continuous future operation of randomly distributed electronic devices incorporated in the Internet of Things.