mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effects of mineral-organic fertilizer on the biomass of green Chinese cabbage and potential carbon sequestration ability in karst areas of Southwest China

The karst mountain areas of Southwest China contain barren farmland soils and suffer from nutritional and water deficiencies that affect crop productivity. Hence, it is imperative to apply suitable fertilizers to restore soil fertility and maintain crop yield. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mineral-organic fertilizer (MOF) made of potassic rock and organic waste on the growth of crops. For this purpose, green Chinese cabbage grown using three different fertilization methods including MOF, inorganic fertilizer (IF), and a control was evaluated. We determined soil water content, agronomic characteristics, and biomass of green Chinese cabbage in different treatments. Furthermore, surface runoff from the pot experiments and soil leachate from pot experiments were collected to determine water temperature, pH,and cation and anion concentrations. The results demonstrate that MOF can improve the soil water-holding capacity of soil, and the basic agronomic characteristics of the cabbage treated with MOF were superior to those with IF. Using MOF can promote the increase in cabbage biomass. Additionally,the concentration of inorganic carbon (largely in the form of HCO_3~-) in surface runoff water treated by MOF was higher than the other treatments, establishing carbon sequestration potential. This work provides a novel and environmentally friendly fertilization pattern in karst areas, which will improve crop yield and also increase the carbon sequestration potential of crops.
Analyses of genome-scale variation reveal divergence of two Sinalliaria species (Brassicaceae) with continuous but limited gene flow

Numerous biogeographic studies have suggested that geographic isolations triggered by Quaternary climatic changes could have contributed greatly to the high species diversity of eastern Asia. However, little is known about how speciation proceeded during the evolutionary divergence of sister species in this region. In this study, we examined genomic divergence and investigated the speciation process of the two species in the genus Sinalliaria endemic to eastern China, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H.W. Zhang and S. grandifolia (Z. X. An) Huan Hu, com. nov. (Basionym: Alliaria grandifolia Z. X. An (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 396, 1985)). We sequenced the transcriptomes of seven and eight S. limprichtiana and S. grandifolia individuals, respectively. Analysis of transcriptome single nucleotide polymorphism data indicated that both species were well-delineated with strong genetic differentiation (mean FST=0.31). A total of 4000 genes showed differential expression between the two species. Based on these genome-scale nucleotide variations, we used the allele frequency spectrum for modeling analysis with fastsimcoal to gain insights into the speciation process. Our results suggested divergence with continuous gene flow between the two species. These findings will add to our knowledge on the origin of species diversity in eastern Asia.
Molecular diagnosis for a Tamarix species from two reclaimed lands along the Yellow Sea in Korea inferred from genome wide SNP markers

The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of related taxa are important for understanding the biology of a species. Also, spatial distribution of genetic variation may offer insights into history of range shifts and demographic changes. The genus Tamarix L. from the Old World is a taxonomically challenging group that has widely expanded its range in the recent past. We examined genomic diversity patterns and the taxonomic identities of Korean Tamarix species whose taxonomy has remained unresolved. We used a total of 1773 SNP data from genotyping by sequencing for 37 Tamarix plants representing two species; T. chinensis and T. ramosissima to infer species delimitation and the geographic distribution of genomic diversity. Clustering (STRUCTURE; PCA, neighbor joining) and phylogenetic tree results indicated that the two morphologically similar species T. chinensis and T. ramosissima are genetically distinct and the two Korean populations (Sihwa & Songdo) are clustered closely with T. chinensis. Approximate Bayesian Computation based hypothesis testing results suggested that one of the two Korean populations, Songdo might have primarily been derived from the native area, China, followed by range expansion to Sihwa with a secondary admixture event between an established population, Songdo, and a native population, Beijing.
Exposure to Prorocentrum minimum Induces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Ridgetail White Prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda

Prorocentrum minimum is a bloom-forming, planktonic mixotrophic dinoflagellate, and can cause stress in shrimp ponds. In this study, healthy Exopalaemon carinicauda were exposed to 5 × 10~4 cells mL~(–1) P. minimum for 72 hours to investigate the adverse effect of P. minimum on shrimps. Elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity, and regulatory glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were found in the hemolymph of E. carinicauda after exposure to P. minimum. In this study, P. minimum exposure induced oxidative stress and caused significant oxidative damage to E. carinicauda. P. minimum exposure increased the expression of HSP70 gene in the hemocyte, gills and hepatopancreas. Compared with the enhanced level of caspase-3 gene mRNA in the hemocyte and gills, the up-regulation of caspase-3 gene in the hepatopancreas was only observed from 3 to 6 h, and then the mRNA level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene increased. These results indicated that GST might be involved in the shrimp hepatopancreas' defense against P. minimum exposure. The present study demonstrates that exposure to P. minimum could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in E. carinicauda. The SOD activity, HSP70 and GST (in the hepatopancreas) were evoked to protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will provide new insights into the toxic mechanism of P. minimum on shrimps.
Wet-Cupping Is Effective on Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To compare the possible effects of wet-cupping therapy with conventional therapy on persistent nonspecific low back pain(PNSLBP). Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 180 participants with the mean age of 45±10 years old, who had been suffering from PNSLBP were randomly assigned to wet-cupping and conventional groups using random blook. The wet-cupping group was treated with two separate sessions(4 weeks in total) on the inter-scapular and sacrum area. In the conventional group, patients were conservatively treated using rest(6 weeks) and oral medications(3 weeks). The primary and the secondary outcome were the quantity of disability using Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), and pain intensity using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), respectively. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics(age, gender, and body mass index) between the two groups(P>0.05). Therapeutic effect of wet-cupping therapy was comparable to conventional treatment in the 1st month follow-up visits(P<0.05). The functional outcomes of wet-cupping at the 3rd and 6th month visits were significantly increased compared to the conventional group. Final ODI scores in the wet-cupping and conventional groups were 16.7±5.7 and 22.3±4.5, respectively(P<0.01). Conclusion: Wet-cupping may be a proper method to decrease PNSLBP without any conventional treatment. The therapeutic effects of wet-cupping can be longer lasting than conventional therapy.(Registration No. IRCT2013021672741).
金钗石斛组培苗炼苗期生长动态对不同基质的响应

目的给金钗石斛炼苗期生长适宜基质的筛选提供参考,促进金钗石斛规模化种植发展。方法以松树皮、蛭石、泥炭土和水苔为炼苗基质,通过调查不同栽培基质下金钗石斛茎长、茎粗、分蘖数、节数、节长、茎干重、根数、根长、根干重等指标差异,对炼苗期金钗石斛的生长情况进行了研究。结果蛭石、松树皮、泥炭土混合基质(体积比为1:2:1)能显著促进金钗石斛幼苗茎生长,茎长、茎干重、分蘖数、节数、节长等显著优于其他基质;蛭石、松树皮、泥炭土混合基质(体积比为1:2:1)能显著促进金钗石斛幼苗根生长,根长、根干重、总根数、根冠比等显著优于其他基质;隶属函数分析表明,蛭石、松树皮、泥炭土混合基质(体积比为1:2:1)综合得分为0.52,大于其他基质。结论蛭石、松树皮、泥炭土混合基质(体积比为1:2:1)能显著促进金钗石斛茎伸长,节数、分蘖数、根数增多,提高生物量,总体情况显著优于其他基质,是炼苗期金钗石斛生长的适宜基质。
补肾法的现代研究概览

补肾法在诸补法中占据重要地位,笔者疏理了肾虚证的现代研究成果和补肾法的临床应用概况,发现肾虚导致神经-内分泌-免疫功能的紊乱,影响骨、髓、脑的功能,与机体的衰老密切相关;而补肾法则能调节、促进和改善生命机能,促进生殖发育,改善骨、髓、脑等疾患,促进脏腑疾病向愈,延缓衰老进程.结果表明,肾调节着机体最根本层次的功能,补肾意味着对人体生命活力的补充改善,补肾法关乎生命的基本生理功能,具有广泛的临床应用价值.
心血管MR在冠状动脉微血管疾病诊断中的应用进展

冠状动脉微血管疾病(CMVD)常与心血管不良事件相联系,但缺乏直接的在体成像技术。二十年来,人们对该病的认识不断加深,笔者通过简单介绍CMVD的定义、分类及诊断基础,总结了近年来心血管磁共振(CMR)在CMVD的应用。
医学影像人工智能产业现状和发展需求调研报告

2018年10月,中华医学会放射学分会(CSR)和中国医学影像AI产学研用创新联盟(CAIERA)发起,携手中国医学装备人工智能联盟影像委员会共同展开医学影像AI产业现状和发展需求调研.本文中发布了此次调研的统计数据,并对此调研结果进行解读。调研结果显示,医学影像AI产业在中国处于蓄势待发阶段,机遇与挑战并存,加快信息化建设步伐、完善患者隐私和数据安全、数据分享等行业政策和法规,加强AI相关知识培训和宣传,搭建产学研用合作交流平台和相关转化机制,将有利于中国医学影像AI产业向着标准化和规范化的方向发展。
Catalytic performance of Zr-doped CuO-CeO_2 oxides for CO selective oxidation in H_2-rich stream

Zr-doped CuO-CeO_2 catalysts for CO selective oxidation were designed and prepared by the hydro-thermal method and coprecipitation.The experimental samples were characterized by means of N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,powder X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.It is observed that the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal method exhibits larger specific surface area,smaller crystalline size and higher dispersion of active components compared with those of the catalyst obtained by coprecipitation.Meanwhile,redox properties of copper oxide are improved significantly and highly dispersed copper species providing CO oxidation sites are present on the surface.Furthermore,adsorptive centers of CO and active oxygen species increase on the copper-ceria interfaces.The Zr-doped CuO-CeO_2 catalyst prepared by hydrothermal method possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity for selective oxidation of CO at low temperature compared with those of the sample prepared by coprecipitation.The temperature corresponding to 50% CO conversion is only 73°C and the temperature span of total CO conversion is expanded from 120 to 160 °C.
卵巢甲状腺肿伴乳头状癌1例

本病例患者术前无甲状腺功能异常表现,仅在彩色超声表现为卵巢囊实性肿瘤并实性区域血流较丰富,较难与卵巢其他肿瘤相鉴别,确诊依靠病理诊断。
头部轻微外伤后颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤破裂1例

综合分析认为被鉴定人李某的蛛网膜下出血系自身右侧颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤破裂造成,不宜做人体损伤程度评定,但本次争吵互殴导致情绪激动等系诱发、促进因素,建议损伤参与度为15%。
利肝隆颗粒组分挥发油提取、β-环糊精包合工艺的优化

目的优化利肝隆颗粒组分(郁金、当归、茵陈)挥发油提取、β-环糊精包合工艺。方法水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油后,以加水量、药材粒度、蒸馏时间为影响因素,挥发油收率为评价指标,正交试验优化提取工艺;饱和水溶液法制备β-环糊精包合物,以包合温度、搅拌时间、挥发油与β-环糊精比例为影响因素,包合物含油率、收率及包合率为评价指标,正交试验优化包合工艺.通过TLC、SEM、XRD法进行验证.结果最佳提取工艺为药材粒度≥ 2.5目(孔径7.9 mm),加水量12倍,蒸馏时间8 h,挥发油收率0.60%;最佳包合工艺为包合温度35 ℃,搅拌时间90 min,挥发油与β-环糊精比例1 ∶ 6,包合物含油率14.95%,收率80.02%,包合率89.12%.所得包合物包合状态良好.结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于利肝隆颗粒组分挥发油提取和后续β-环糊精包合.
基于紫外、红外指纹图谱的生脉注射液质量评价

目的建立生脉注射液紫外、红外指纹图谱,并评价其质量.方法紫外可见分光光度计、红外光谱仪分别扫描10批样品,建立对应指纹图谱,相关系数法计算其与对照指纹图谱的相似度.结果同一厂家不同批次样品间质量较稳定.紫外指纹图谱显示,不同厂家( A~ D)样品质量无显著差异;红外指纹图谱显示,厂家A与C、B与D样品质量差异较小,而厂家B、D与A、C样品质量有显著差异.结论该方法简便准确,可用于生脉注射液内在质量分析.
Pioneering function of Isl1 in the epigenetic control of cardiomyocyte cell fate

Generation of widely differing and specialized cell types from a single totipotent zygote involves large-scale transcriptional changes and chromatin reorganization.Pioneer transcription factors play key roles in programming the epigenome and facilitating recruitment of additional regulatory factors during successive cell lineage specification and differentiation steps.Here we show that Isl1 acts as a pioneer factor driving cardiomyocyte lineage commitment by shaping the chromatin landscape of cardiac progenitor cells.Using an Isl1 hypomorphic mouse line which shows congenital heart defects,genome-wide profiling of Isl1 binding together with RNA- and ATAC-sequencing of cardiac progenitor cells and their derivatives,we uncover a regulatory network downstream of Isl1 that orchestrates cardiogenesis.Mechanistically,we show that Isl1 binds to compacted chromatin and works in concert with the Brg1-Baf60c-based SWI/SNF complex to promote permissive cardiac lineage-specific alterations in the chromatin landscape not only of genes with critical functions in cardiac progenitor cells,but also of cardiomyocyte structural genes that are highly expressed when Isl1 itself is no longer present.Thus,the Isl1/Brg1-Baf60c complex plays a crucial role in orchestrating proper cardiogenesis and in establishing epigenetic memory of cardiomyocyte fate commitment.
Two-dimensional Sn_2Ta_2O_7 nanosheets as efficient visible lightdriven photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution

Two-dimensional Sn_2Ta_2O_7 nanosheets with a thickness of * 10 nm were successfully prepared through a novel tantalic acid-based solid-state reaction method at reduced temperature.The as-obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD),ultraviolet– visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis.The photocatalytic performance of Sn_2Ta_2O_7 nanosheets was evaluated by photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation (k C 400 nm).The Sn_2Ta_2O_7 nanosheets with a large surface area of 25.9 m~2·g~(-1) showed higher H_2 production activity,which was about 4.4 times higher than that of bulk Sn_2Ta_2O_7 in lactic acid aqueous solutions using Pt as a cocatalyst.The improved photocatalytic performance mainly benefited from the nanosheet structure,which provided abundant surface active sites and facilitated the photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiently.This work may open up new opportunity to develop novel nanostructured tantalum-based semiconductors with improved catalytic performance for solar energy conversion.
阿片类药物不良反应中医诊疗专家共识

疼痛是晚期癌症患者常见的症状之一,癌症疼痛诊疗规范(2018年版)最新数据显示,恶性肿瘤晚期患者的疼痛发生率为60%~80%,其中1/3的患者为重度疼痛。癌痛给患者造成极大的身心负担,严重影响患者的生存质量[1]。癌症疼痛诊疗规范(2018年版)对中国癌痛的规范化治疗起到很好的指导作用。阿片类药物是治疗癌性疼痛的主要手段,但其所带来的不良反应也是很多临床医生棘手的问题。传统医药在改善阿片类药物不良反应方面疗效确切,不仅能改善患者便秘、恶心、呕吐、腹胀等症状,还可以改善患者焦虑、抑郁等主观症状,尤其在预防使用时,可以显著改善患者的症状,提高患者生存质量,这正体现了中医药治未病的理念。但目前尚缺乏较为系统的传统医药治疗阿片类药物不良反应的专家共识。因此,中国抗癌协会肿瘤传统医学专业委员会组织部分专家制订了阿片类药物不良反应中医诊疗专家共识,旨在为广大同道提供临床参考,为推进传统医药治疗阿片类药物不良反应规范化积累经验,为提升中医药的疗效和学术水平发挥积极作用。
发挥学会平台作用助推航空人才成长

中国航空学会成立于1964年2月,是由航空航天科技工作者及航空相关领域单位自愿结成的全国性、学术性、非营利性的法人团体,共有全国航空工业、军航、民航、高等院校及民营企业在内的近200家单位会员及超过10万名个人会员。学会不断改革创新,工作持续发力,构建了以“提升位势、创造价值”为工作理念,以“激情、创新、开放、共享”为工作方针的学会文化核心,取得了一系列新成绩:2015年荣获民政部评选的“全国先进社会组织”,2011年在民政部组织开展的首批全国学术类社团评估中获得4A等级(第一批第一家迎接现场评估);连续5次获得中国科协评选的“全国先进学会”,获评中国科协八大先进集体,2012年在中国科协组织的学会能力提升专项中获得优秀科技社团二等奖,2015年荣获中国科协创新和服务能力提升工程二类优秀科技社团奖;学会主办的《航空知识》《航空学报》等期刊多次获得中国出版政府奖、全国百种杰出期刊等殊荣;学会多次获得全国科普先进集体、中国科协年度优秀调研报告特等奖、连续6年获得中国科协党建强会优秀组织奖等。
聚焦国家社会需求,重视科技人才工作,提升服务社会能力,促进学科繁荣发展——访中国心理学会理事长周晓林

中国心理学会(Chinese Psychological Society, CPS)是由中国心理学工作者组成的公益性、学术性社会团体,以促进中国心理科学的繁荣和发展、促进心理科学知识的普及和推广、促进心理科学人才的成长和提高。中国心理学会是中国现有的全国学会中最早成立的学术组织之一,是中国科学技术协会团体会员,学会经历了近百年发展,在分布区域、会员人数、学术水平、期刊建设、科学普及等方面取得了令人瞩目的成绩。借此今年全国科技工作者日,《科技导报》特采访中国心理学会理事长周晓林教授,邀他介绍中国心理学会相关情况,谈一谈对科技工作者建议、期望和要求,以及中国科协事业发展的认识和建议。
科技创新引领燃料电池领域发展——访中国工程院院士衣宝廉

《科技导报》:电动汽车是中国战略新兴产业之一,发展电动汽车是减少石油进口、解决日益突出的环境问题的必由之路。请您谈一谈车用燃料电池发展历程,以及目前车用燃料电池技术的研发、技术、应用性能情况。
肾脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤肺转移一例

肾脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(PEComa)是肾脏一种良性间叶性肿瘤,临床较少见,生物学行为属于潜在恶性.PEComa较少复发和转移,预后良好.该文收集1例63岁女性发生的肾脏PEComa且发生肺转移,总结患者的临床资料、组织病理学特征、免疫表型及基因检测结果,以提高对本病的认识.
Metamorphic Evolution and Tectonic Implications of the Granulitized Eclogites from the Luliangshan Terrane in the North Qaidam Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Belt, NW China: New Constraints from Phase Equilibrium Modeling

The granulitized eclogites from the Luliangshan terrane of the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt occur as lenses within pelitic gneisses and orthogneisses. Combined petrologic data and phase equilibrium modeling indicate a multi-stage metamorphic history of the granulitized eclogites:(1) an earlier eclogite facies metamorphism(P>18.5 kbar, T> 830 °C) is deduced from omphacite relics in the matrix and rare omphacite inclusions within garnet. The possible assemblage is garnet+omphacite+rutile+ quartz;(2) the early stage of high pressure granulite facies assemblages(garnet+clinopyroxene+ plagioclase+rutile+quartz+liquid) developed in the early decompression process has a P-T regime of 17.5 kbar and 852–858 °C, constrained by plagioclase and clinopyroxene inclusions in garnet. The late stage of high pressure granulite assemblages(garnet+clinopyroxene+amphibole+plagioclase+rutile+quartz+liquid) records an isothermal decompression process with the pressure successively declining from 17.5 to 14.7 kbar and to 11.3 kbar at 858 °C;(3) the later medium pressure granulite facies assemblage(garnet+ orthopyroxene+ clinopyroxene+amphibole+plagioclase+ilmenite+liquid+quartz) indicates a drop in pressure and rise in temperature at P-T conditions of 7.6–7.7 kbar and 878–883 °C;(4) retrogressive amphibolite facies stage, which is represented by amphibole+plagioclase kelyphitic rims around garnet, formed under conditions of <5 kbar and <650 °C. The preservation of medium pressure granulite facies assemblage and the garnet composition feature constrain a following isobaric cooling path during late exhumation. This process suggests a clockwise P-T path and indicates that the granulitized eclogites record a high grade “Barrovian” metamorphic overprint at the middle-lower crust during exhumation. The present data show that the Luliangshan terrane is a “hot” HP-UHP terrane.
mRNA expression of CYP4 in marine polychaete Marphysa sanguinea in response to benzo[a]pyrene

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were carried out to analyze the CYP4 gene expression in polychaete Marphysa sanguinea exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in this study. The full length of MsCYP4 cDNA was 2 470 bp, and it encoded 512 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 47% identity with CYP4F from frog Xenopus tropicalis and shared high homology with other known CYP4 sequences. To analyse the role of CYP4 in protecting M. sanguinea from BaP exposure, three BaP groups were established: 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L. Polychaetes were sampled after 3, 7 and 12 d. At 0.5 μg/L, the effect of BaP on MsCYP4 gene expression increased with time prolonged. MsCYP4 gene expression curve showed Ushaped trend with time in 5 and 50 μg/L BaP groups. Therefore, MsCYP4 gene may play an important role in maintaining the balance of cellular metabolism and protecting M. sanguinea from BaP toxicity.
Fishery biology of whitespotted conger Conger myriaster (Brevoort, 1856) in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Whitespotted conger Conger myriaster is a commercially important species in the seas around China, Korea and Japan. The coastal waters of China serve as an important feeding ground for congers, but the spatio-temporal variations in the fishery and biological characteristics of the population have been rarely evaluated and less well understood in this area. We studied the growth, spawning and feeding characteristics of C. myriaster on the basis of samples collected from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. A total of 529 specimens were collected, with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years and total length ranging from 132 mm to 834 mm. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation L_∞ and k were 1 026 mm and 0.226 a~(–1), respectively; the sex ratio was 88:0 (female: male) in the East China Sea and 2.67:1 in the South Yellow Sea; the development stage of ovary ranged from peri-nucleolus stage to secondary yolk globule stage, and the testis of two males was at midmeiotic stage; Crustacean was the major prey for conger of small length, and food source shift to fish with somatic growth. The results showed substantial differences from previous studies in Japan and Korean waters, as well as from China seas in the 1980s, suggesting potential spatiotemporal changes in the biological characteristics of C. myriaster. This study may improve current understanding of the fishery biology of C. myriaster in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang, northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield. This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days (labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days (D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15). In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize. The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha~(–1) and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m~(–3), respectively. Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments. These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE. In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.
Spatial-temporal coupling between high-quality source rocks and reservoirs for tight sandstone oil and gas accumulations in the Songliao Basin, China

The spatial-temporal relationship between high-quality source rocks and reservoirs is a key factor when evaluating the formation, occurrence, and prospectivity of tight oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, we analyze the fundamental oil and gas accumulation processes occurring in the Songliao Basin, contrasting tight oil sand reservoirs in the south with tight gas sand reservoirs in the north. This is done using geochemical data, constant-rate and conventional mercury injection experiments, and fluid inclusion analyses. Our results demonstrate that as far as fluid mobility is concerned, the expulsion center coincides with the overpressure zone, and its boundary limits the occurrence of tight oil and gas accumulations. In addition, the lower permeability limit of high-quality reservoirs, controlled by pore-throat structures, is 0.1 × 10~(-3) µm~2 in the fourth member of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation (K1q4) in the southern Songliao Basin, and 0.05 × 10~(-3) µm~2 in the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation (K1sh) in the northern Songliao Basin. Furthermore, the results indicate that the formation of tight oil and gas reservoirs requires the densification of reservoirs prior to the main phase of hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks. Reservoir ‘‘sweet spots” develop at the intersection of high-quality source rocks (with high pore pressure) and reservoirs (with high permeability).