mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Research on modeling of heat source for electron beam welding fusion-solidification zone

In this paper, the common heat source model of point and linear heat source in the numerical simulation of electron beam welding (EBW) were summarized and introduced. The combined point-linear heat source model was brought forward and to simulate the welding temperature fields of EBW and predicting the weld shape. The model parameters were put forward and regulated in the combined model, which included the ratio of point heat source to linear heat source Q_(pr) and the distribution of linear heat source Lr. Based on the combined model, the welding temperature fields of EBW were investigated. The results show that the predicted weld shapes are conformable to those of the actual, the temperature fields are reasonable and correct by simulating with combined point-linear heat source model and the typical weld shapes are gained.
Extensions in adaptive model tracking with mitigated passivity conditions

Feasibility of nonlinear and adaptive control methodologies in multivariable linear timeinvariant systems with state space realization {A, B, C} has apparently been limited by the standard strict passivity (or positive realness) conditions that imply that the product CB must be positive definite symmetric. More recently the symmetry condition has been mitigated, requiring instead that the not necessarily symmetric matrix CB be diagonalizable and with positive real eigenvalues. However, although the mitigated conditions are useful in proving pure stabilizability with Adaptive Controllers, the Model Tracking question has remained open and counterexamples seem to demonstrate total divergence of standard model reference adaptive controllers when the regular passivity conditions are not fully satisfied. Therefore, this paper further extends the previous results, showing that the new passivity conditions do guarantee stability with adaptive model tracking. Examples show how the new conditions solve the case of flexible structures with unknown parameters when perfect collocation is not possible. Also, the so-called counterexamples become simple, well-behaved, examples.
Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.
双眼虹膜角膜内皮综合征

患者女性,46岁。因双眼视力下降4年,来衡阳爱尔眼科医院就诊。自幼双眼视力差,无家族史,无牙齿及颌面骨等全身发育异常。眼部检查:视力右眼为0.1,左眼为30cm指数,均无法矫正;眼压右眼为14mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),左眼为15mmHg;右眼角膜透明,前房轴深为3个角膜厚度,虹膜萎缩,周边前粘连,5/9点钟方位可见2个虹膜裂孔,瞳孔向上移位,晶状体混浊,眼底窥不清(精粹图片1中A);左眼角膜透明,前房轴深3个角膜厚度,虹膜萎缩,周边前粘连,7/11点钟方位可见2个虹膜裂孔,瞳孑L向颞侧移位,晶状体混浊,眼底窥不清(精粹图片1中B);前房角镜检查:右眼12/5/9点钟方位粘连关闭,左眼3/8、11点钟方位粘连关闭,双眼未见Sehwalbe线前移。角膜内皮细胞计数:右眼为1663个、mm~2,左眼位1837个、ram2;六边形细胞所占比例均为40%;眼轴长度:右眼为29.27mm,左眼为29.47mm。临床诊断:双眼虹膜角膜内皮综合征(原发性进行性虹膜萎缩型)。
偏头痛并发脑出血一例

讨论大量研究显示:偏头痛以女性较多见,是男性的2?3倍。Kurth等在对27 860例女性偏头痛患者将近13. 6年的随访发现,伴有先兆的偏头痛不仅是脑梗死的高危因素还能增加脑出血的发病率。Guthrie和Rivas也报道了1例女性偏头痛患者在头痛发作的第3天程度突然加剧难以忍受,并伴有畏光、恶心、呕吐,脑部CT显示蛛网膜下腔出血。本病例中患者为青年男性,既往已有十余年的头痛病史,性质符合反复发作的偏头痛,此次病后的头痛性质与以往一样,所以患者本人并未在意,是3 d后家属发现其有异常而就诊,患者的发病形式有别于常见的脑出血,且脑出血部位与头痛部位一致,患者尚有偏头痛家族史,除此之外患者没有脑血管病的高危因素,其他血液学检查都正常,平时身体健康,无其他疾病史。因此我们推测患者的脑出血是偏头痛发作所致。
Current role of surgery for the treatment of fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis

Objective This review discusses the current status and progress in studies on fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis (FCDC), including the definition, risk factor, diagnostic role of CT, surgical treatment, postoperative mortality, and new therapeutic strategy. Data sources A literature search was conducted mainly in Medline and PubMed published in English between January 2000 and May 2011. The search terms were “fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis”, “treatment”", “surgery” and “mortality”. Results Recent studies show that the overall mortality rate for FCDC remains high despite early surgical intervention. It has been difficult to identify the real value for surgical intervention in patients with FCDC due to the absence of prospective, randomized studies. Early recognition of patients with FCDC will help a clinician decide the need for treatment in an intensive care setting, multi-disciplinary consultation, and appropriate therapeutic selection. Some studies emphasize the importance of early recognition and emergent surgery at a less severe stage. Monoclonal antibody therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment may be useful for the treatment of FCDC. Conclusions Present studies do not provide strong evidence for guiding the surgical treatment of FCDC; hence, creation of collaborative research networks is crucial in order to undertake large prospective multi-center studies for improvement in overall survival.
Hydrogen sulfide is endogenously generated in rat skeletal muscle and exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress

Background Skeletal muscle has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that can express, synthesize and secrete a variety of bioactive molecules which exert significant regulatory effects. Hydrogen sulfide (H_2S) is endogenously produced in mammalian tissues and participates in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. We aimed to verify whether H_2S could be endogenously generated and released by rat skeletal muscle, and determine the biological effects of H_2S in rat skeletal muscle. Methods The study was divided into two parts: detection of endogenous H_2S generation and release in rat skeletal muscle and determination of antioxidative activity of skeletal muscle-derived H_2S. H_2S content and production in tissues were detected by sensitive sulfur electrode method. The expressions of H_2S producing enzymes cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting and their tissue distributions were observed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analysis. Rat skeletal muscular ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury model was created and evaluated by histological analysis under microscope. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide levels, superoxide anion and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were detected using spectrophotometer. Results H_2S could be endogenously generated and released by skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats (H_2S content: (2.06±0.43) nmol/mg; H_2S production: (0.17±0.06) nmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)). Gene and protein expressions of the three H_2S producing enzymes were detected in skeletal muscle, as well as the liver and kidney. Endogenous H_2S content and production were decreased in skeletal muscles of rats with I-R skeletal muscle injury (P <0.05). Furthermore, H_2S significantly protected rat skeletal muscle against I-R injury and resulted in decreased MDA content, reduced hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion levels, but increased SOD activity and protein expression in skeletal muscles (all P <0.01). Conclusion H_2S generation pathway exists in rat skeletal muscle and it acts as an antioxidant in skeletal muscle.
Brain metabolism in patients with vegetative state after post-resuscitated hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: statistical parametric mapping analysis of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Background Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the most devastating neurological conditions that causing the impaired consciousness. However, there were few studies investigated the changes of brain metabolism in patients with vegetative state (VS) after post-resuscitated HIBI. This study aimed to analyze the change of overall brain metabolism and elucidated the brain area correlated with the level of consciousness (LOC) in patients with VS after post-resuscitated HIBI. Methods We consecutively enrolled 17 patients with VS after HIBI, who experienced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Overall brain metabolism was measured by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) and we compared regional brain metabolic patterns from 17 patients with those from 15 normal controls using voxel-by-voxel based statistical parametric mapping analysis. Additionally, we correlated the LOC measured by the JFK-coma recovery scale-revised of each patient with brain metabolism by covariance analysis. Results Compared with normal controls, the patients with VS after post-resuscitated HIBI revealed significantly decreased brain metabolism in bilateral precuneus, bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyri, bilateral superior parietal gyri, bilateral middle occipital gyri, bilateral precentral gyri (PFEW correctecd <0.0001), and increased brain metabolism in bilateral insula, bilateral cerebella, and the brainstem (PFEW correctecd <0.0001). In covariance analysis, the LOC was significantly correlated with brain metabolism in bilateral fusiform and superior temporal gyri (P uncorrected <0.005). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the precuneus, the posterior cingulate area and the frontoparietal cortex, which is a component of neural correlate for consciousness, may be relevant structure for impaired consciousness in patient with VS after post-resuscitated HIBI. In post-resuscitated HIBI, measurement of brain metabolism using PET images may be helpful for investigating the brain function that cannot be obtained by morphological imaging and can be used to assess the brain area responsible for consciousness.
脊椎-硬膜外联合麻醉下百岁老年人行人工股骨头置换术一例

随着社会进入老龄化时代和医疗技术的飞速发展,90多岁甚至百岁以上行手术治疗的老年人越来越多了,现报道同一老年人(女性)在97岁时和101岁时分别行右侧、左侧人工股骨头置换术的麻醉处理情况。
Transitional care: bridging the gap and improving the quality

Transition of care refers to the movement of patients between health care settings, providers, and/or levels of care in order to meet the changes of patients needs and goals, clinical condition and treatment preference.Due to the complexity of frail elders, lack of health care provider continuity and fiscal pressure in our current health care system, the transition of care is often fragmented and fraught with many medical errors, inefficiencies and needless expense.
利奈唑胺在特殊人群中应用的临床疗效与安全性

近几十年来,多重耐药的革兰阳性(G+)菌,尤其是耐药葡萄球菌、肠球菌和肺炎链球菌感染率的逐渐上升,以及甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)在全球的广泛流行,推动了新型抗菌药物的研发。唑烷酮类抗菌药物是继磺胺类和喹诺酮类之后的又一类全新的合成抗菌药物。利奈唑胺是第一个,也是目前惟一获准应用于临床的唑烷酮类抗菌药物。利奈唑胺抗菌作用机制新颖,与其他药物无交叉耐药,对G+球菌具有广谱强效的抗菌活性,口服生物利用度高,组织穿透性好,在全身多种组织中分布浓度高,其良好的临床疗效和安全性已经在大量的临床研究与实践中得到证实。自2000年在美国上市以来,利奈唑胺已经在全世界70多个国家应用于超过400万例严重的G+球菌感染患者。在多数国家和地区,利奈唑胺均被批准在儿童、老年、肾功能受损等特殊人群中应用。以下主要回顾利奈唑胺在特殊人群中应用的临床疗效与安全性。
小剂量阿司匹林所致消化道损伤防治状况调查

目前,小剂量阿司匹林(low-dose aspirin,LDA,75~325 mg/d)已被大量循证医学证实具有抗血小板作用,临床上被广泛应用于心脑血管病的一级、二级预防。但其导致的消化道不良反应,甚至致命性的消化道损伤,如上消化道大出血等逐渐引起人们的关注,但仍未引起临床医师,尤其是使用LDA医师的广泛重视,消化道损伤的防治状况不容乐观。为了解服用LDA患者消化道损伤防治情况,我们对服用LDA的患者进行调查分析,以期对指导临床实践有所帮助。
Ghrelin与疼痛研究进展

Ghrelin为1999年从大鼠胃粘膜及下丘脑中发现的一种生长激素促分泌素受体(growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHS-Rs)的天然配体,由28个氨基酸残基组成。Ghrelin广泛分布于机体的多个组织器官,如下丘脑、垂体、胃肠道、胰腺、心脏、性腺等。Ghrelin与其受体结合后,具有促进生长激素的释放、增加摄食、刺激胃蠕动和胃酸分泌,改善心血管等多种生物学作用。近年来有研究表明,Ghrelin在中枢神经系统具有广泛分布,并且具有镇痛作用,其主要通过调节与疼痛有关的系统和抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌进而缓解疼痛。现将Ghrelin在疼痛方面的研究做一综述。
G 蛋白偶联受体及其信号通路--2012年诺贝尔化学奖工作介绍

随着对G蛋白偶联受体结构和偏向性激活等研究的进展,机体生理病生理过程也得到更深刻的认识,而偏向性激活和偏向性配体已经成为药物开发的研究热点。此外,除了肾上腺素受体等已知的具有偏向性现象的受体以外,其他受体也应存在偏向性激活的现象。偏向性激活通路应该不仅仅只有β-arrestin 一条通路。这些也需要我们投入更多精力研究解答。鉴于G蛋白偶联受体在人体稳态调节和药理学研究中的重要地位,针对G蛋白偶联受体的转化医学研究也会更具意义。
心肌重塑分子机制的研究进展

心血管疾病严重威胁人类健康,其诱发的进行性心肌重塑是导致心功能逐步恶化的关键因素。新近发现多种心血管疾病危险因素能够调控AngⅡ、IGF-1、TGF-β1、ACh等信号分子表达,进而影响PI3K-Akt、TAK1/Smads、JAK-STAT等重塑相关信号通路,在心肌重塑过程中发挥着重要作用。本文将概括介绍病理条件下心肌重塑的分子调节机制和新治疗靶点的研究进展。
成骨不全症1例的报道

成骨不全症(osteogenesis imperfecta,OI)又称脆骨症,是一遗传性结缔组织疾病,绝大部分为常染色体显性遗传,少数为常染色体隐性遗传,发病率为0.3/10 000~1/10 000。此病是因编码Ⅰ型胶原的基因发生突变,导致Ⅰ型胶原合成缺陷。临床以骨折、骨关节畸形、蓝巩膜、牙本质发育不全及听力下降为主要表现。现将本院内分泌科收治的1例OI报道如下。
糖尿病与肿瘤关系研究进展

2010年全球范围内有2.85亿糖尿病患者,这个数字在未来的20年内预期将达到4.39亿。与此同时,近年癌症的发病率和病死率呈现逐步上升的趋势。近年来,多项研究表明在糖尿病患者群中直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌更为常见,而男性糖尿病患者的前列腺癌的发病率有降低趋势。目前,糖尿病导致恶性肿瘤发病率增加的确切机制仍不清楚。雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路的异常激活、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、肥胖、氧化应激等因素可能在糖尿病并发恶性肿瘤中起着重要作用。
microRNA调控树突状细胞分化与成熟的机制

树突状细胞(DC)含有不同的异质性亚群,在获得性免疫的启动、定向激活及调节中发挥重要作用。DC的自身发育分化及功能性成熟受细胞因子及转录因子构成的复杂网络调控。近期研究发现,microRNA(miRNA)通过抑制蛋白翻译或降解mRNA转录本来调控基因表达,调节包括免疫系统在内的多种生物学过程。许多miRNA在B、T淋巴细胞、DC、巨噬细胞及其他类型免疫细胞的发育、分化、存活及功能成熟起到重要作用,部分DC相关的miRNA如miR-155和miR-146a同时参与其他免疫细胞的调节。本文综述了DC亚群的功能,靶向不同DC亚群的免疫后果及细胞表面受体的种类;同时也总结了miRNA在DC由髓系前体细胞发育并分化为特异性亚群过程以及其在DC特异性功能中所发挥的重要作用。
胃黏膜肠化当补肾

胃病时胃黏膜肠上皮化生是胃黏膜多种病理改变的中心点。本文认为:如果肠化、特别是大肠型肠化成为胃黏膜主要而稳定的生物学特征,则需补肾。胃黏膜肠化补肾的原理在于:①虚证的病理以逆向重演生物个体发育和生物进化过程为主要特点。逆向重演表现为:一方面有序度高(高层次)的结构、功能强度减弱;另一方面有序度低(低层次)的结构、功能强度相对或绝对增强。甚至胚胎型基因重新激活和表达,导致蛋白质、抗原、酶等产物和功能的胚胎化。逆向重演病理的原因在于虚损导致细胞、组织的能量减少,熵增加;②胚胎乃生命之原始,虚证病理逆向重演至胚胎阶段正是"虚极及肾";③整体"虚极"是对整体而言的肾虚证。局部"虚极"是对局部而言的肾虚证;④胃黏膜肠化的实质是胚胎化。与小肠型肠化比较,大肠型肠化的胚胎化更为彻底。所以,胃黏膜的肠化、特别是大肠型肠化占主导地位而稳定,即是"胃的肾虚证"。
血清降钙素原对危重患者感染的预测价值

目的观察不同水平及不同变化趋势的血清降钙素原的危重患者的预后,研究血清降钙素原对危重患者感染的预测价值。方法观察112例危重患者24 h内的血清降钙素原的水平,动态观察血清降钙素原水平的变化,研究其与患者的感染发生的关系,并与C反应蛋白的预测价值相比较。结果感染者的血清降钙素原水平[(4.34±2.12)μg/L]及C反应蛋白[(23.42±12.31)mg/L]均明显高于未感染者的血清降钙素原水平[(0.53±0.57)μg,(14.52±6.67)mg/L]。降钙素原≥0.5μg/L作为阈值时预测院内感染的敏感度为88.24%,特异度为72.73%,阳性预测值为83.33%,阴性预测值为80.00%,阳性似然比3.235 3,阴性似然比0.161 8,均优于C反应蛋白≥10 mg/L作为阈值时的预测值(分别为83.33%、80.00%、88.23%、72.72%、4.166 5、0.208 4)。动态观察血清降钙素原的水平发现,以48 h内降钙素原升高1倍作为阈值,48 h内血清降钙素原升高大于1倍的患者感染发生率(86.54%)远远高于升高小于1倍的患者(35.00%)。结论血清降钙素原作为预测危重患者感染发生的指标优于C反应蛋白,且动态观察变化有助于早期诊断危重患者的感染发生,及早采取相关措施,减少危重患者的病死率。
PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路在大肠腺瘤恶性转化中的表达及意义

目的探讨大肠腺瘤恶性转化中PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路分子的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的主要分子在46例大肠低级别、高级别腺瘤及腺癌中的表达。结果PI3K表达强度在各组织间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其在腺癌中表达最强;磷酸化的(p-)Akt、mTOR表达强度在各组织间差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01);PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路负性调控蛋白PTEN表达率各组织间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随大肠腺瘤的恶性转化其表达降低,并与p-mTOR表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路分子在大肠腺瘤恶性转化中表达异常,与腺瘤癌变进展相关,可望成为临床干预的分子靶点。
千金子毒性作用的研究进展

目的:为千金子的安全、合理使用提供依据。方法:查阅国内、外有关千金子毒性作用的文献,总结千金子有关药理作用和临床应用、毒性作用、有效成分和毒性成分、炮制四个方面的研究成果。结果与结论:药理作用主要有泻下、抗肿瘤、美白和抗菌、抗炎等,临床应用广泛但用量较小;其毒性作用强烈,毒性成分可能为二萜类化合物;对其进行炮制减毒成为千金子研究的一大热点。应加强千金子炮制减毒机制和毒性成分、毒性作用部位的研究。
前额皮层各亚区不同认知功能障碍与药物成瘾的关系

药物成瘾(又称药物依赖)是一种伴随着认知功能改变的慢性脑疾病,其临床特征表现为强迫性摄药或觅药行为并在戒断期及之后很长时间内持续存在心理渴求。认知功能障碍和药物成瘾的关系是现今药物成瘾研究的热点之一,药物成瘾者表现出来的注意缺陷、决策障碍、抑制控制缺乏等认知功能障碍是药物成瘾的易感原因还是结果尚存在一定争议。一些研究认为认知功能障碍与长期暴露于成瘾性药物密切相关,另外一些研究则支持认知功能障碍的个体更容易药物成瘾,也有相关的论述认为认知功能障碍即是药物成瘾的原因也是结果。发挥认知功能的主要高级脑区是前额皮层(prefrontal cortex,PFC),其可调节工作记忆、注意、决策、执行、冲动性、激励、抑制控制等功能。那么是不是前额皮层多方面认知功能与药物成瘾密切相关,存在何种关系,又是如何起作用?现今主要通过神经心理学和神经影像学上的研究试图探索前额皮层认知功能障碍与药物成瘾的本质联系,本文将根据文献阐述前额皮层各亚区不同认知功能障碍与药物成瘾的相互关系。
Integrated ef fective emissivity computation for non-isothermal non-axisymmetric cavities

Non-axisymmetric cavities are widely used as standard blackbody sources for radiation thermometry. The integrated effective emissivity is central to the blackbody design. Integrated effective emissivities are numerically calculated for non-isothermal, non-axisymmetric cavities. The average relative deviation is 0.087% when compared with Monte-Carlo results, indicating that this method can accurately calculate the integrated effective emissivities for non-isothermal, non-axisymmetric cavities. The effects of the wavelength, temperature uniformity, and bottom inclination angle are then analyzed.
An approach to form the dome shape by 3D laser forming

Application of a thermal source in non-contact forming of sheet metal is known for some time. Replacement of this thermal source with a laser beam promises the much greater controllability of the process. To date, research focuses on dealing with rectangular plates, and only a few studies are presented for axis-symmetric geometries like circular plates. This study presents the work to get the dish or bowl shape by an initially flat circular plate. Two different scanning strategies circular and radial are attempted to get the desired dish shape. Following the unexpected distortion throughout the plate, a second series of experiments are conducted on a wide range of specimen geometries. An interesting phenomenon is observed. It is suggested that homogeneous dissemination of heat along with combined form of both of the scanning strategies, could have more potential to form dome shape.
Experimental Studies on the Self-Shielding Effect in Fissile Fuel Breeding Measurement in Thorium Oxide Pellets Irradiated with 14 MeV Neutrons

The 14 MeV neutrons produced in the D-T fusion reactions have the potential of breeding Uranium-233 fissile fuel from fertile material Thorium-232. In order to estimate the amount of U-233 produced, experiments are carried out by irradiating thorium dioxide pellets with neutrons produced from a 14 MeV neutron generator. The objective of the present work is to measure the reaction rates of ~(232)Th + 1n→~(233)Th→~(233)Pa→~(233)U in different pellet thicknesses to study the self-shielding effects and adopt a procedure for correction. An appropriate assembly consisting of high-density polyethylene is designed and fabricated to slow down the high-energy neutrons, in which Thorium pellets are irradiated. The amount of fissile fuel (~(233)U) produced is estimated by measuring the 312 keV gammas emitted by Protactinium-233 (half-life of 27 days). A calibrated High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector is used to measure the gamma ray spectrum. The amount of ~(233)U produced by Th~(232) (n, γ) is calculated using MCNP code. The self-shielding effect is evaluated by calculating the reaction rates for different foil thickness. MCNP calculation results are compared with the experimental values and appropriate correction factors are estimated for self-shielding of neutrons and absorption of gamma rays.
Colored object encoding scheme in ghost imaging system using orbital angular momentum

A colored object encoding scheme in a ghost imaging (GI) system using orbital angular momentum is investigated. A colored object is decomposed into three components and then each component is obtained in the idler arm using a multiple grayscale encoding scheme. Afterward, we synthesize the three reconstructed components into a colored image. The scheme is conducted and then presented through numerical simulations and experiments. The simulation result shows that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is at 21.636 for the reconstructed color of the "Lena" image with 255 gray scales. The experiment also shows that the PSNR is 8.082 for the reconstructed color of the "NUPT" characters. The successful imaging of colored objects extends the further use of the GI technique.
Askin瘤术后~(18) F-FDG PET/CT显像1例

总之,胸、肺部小圆细胞肿瘤不仅发生于儿童和青少年,也可发生于中老年,其恶性程度极高。Askm瘤可能存在不同亚型,~(18) F-FDG PET/CT可以反映病变的代谢与活性,并能提供准确的解剖结构图像显示病变的形态结构,可用于指导穿剌活检、临床分期、疗效监测,评估肿瘤复发,以及判断预后。由于临床罕见,建议开展多中心协作,结合临床、病理、影像检查深入研宄。
创伤性十二指肠损伤临床特点及救治(附19例报告)

十二指肠损伤在腹部外伤中比较少见,国外文献报道占整个腹部外伤的3%~5%。因其诊断和治疗比较复杂,尤其术后并发症多,病残率和病死率高等特点,已经越来越多地引起国内外同行的重视。本文旨在调查局部地区十二指肠损伤的病例特点,结合治疗经验及文献回顾,总结本地区的十二指肠损伤的病例特点,分析其临床意义。
软组织肿瘤靶向治疗进展

软组织肿瘤(soft tissue tumor)是不同组织成分形成的间叶源性肿瘤,占所有恶性肿瘤的1%左右。目前,有超过50种以上的组织亚型,但最常见的为恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(28%),平滑肌肉瘤(12%),脂肪肉瘤(15%),滑膜肉瘤(10%)和恶性周围神经鞘瘤(6%)。尽管具有不同的组织亚型,但其表现有一些共同的特征,如大部分肿瘤的临床习性同部位、组织学分级和肿瘤大小有关。然而,病人不同的预后取决于肿瘤的生物学侵袭行为,大部分肿瘤对化疗相对不敏感,所有分期肉瘤的5年存活率仅为50%~60%。治疗方法是肿瘤医生所面临的艰巨任务。最近,由于对软组织肿瘤的生物学研究已深入到分子水平,各类软组织肿瘤中基因突变和过表达,抑癌基因失活和丢失,基因转录和蛋白产物异常,信号传导通路异常活化,细胞周期调节失控等诸多因素,对肿瘤形成起关键作用。寻找出软组织肿瘤发生涉及到的异常分子作为靶点,设计针对这些靶点的药物,是目前分子靶向治疗的热点。
Prepopik

Prepopik~(TM)(通用名为匹可硫酸钠-氧化镁-柠檬酸)是瑞士辉凌公司研发的一种复方泻下药,用于成年人结肠镜检查前的结肠清洁。Prepopik于2012年7月16日经美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准上市。该药为粉剂,用冷水冲服,有两种服药方案:患者可于结肠镜检查前一日傍晚和结肠镜检查当日早晨服药(分次剂量法),也可在进行结肠镜检查的前一天下午和晚上服用(前一天服用法),每次服用16.1 g药粉,含10 mg匹可硫酸钠、3.5 g氧化镁和12 g无水柠檬酸。
SELF-HEALING BIODEGRADABLE POLY(UREA-URETHANE) ELASTOMERS BASED ON HYDROGEN BONDING INTERACTIONS

Self-healing poly(urea-urethane)s (PUUs) showing a tolerance to mechanical damage are particularly desirable for high-performance elastomeric biomaterials. In this study a kind of biodegradable PUUs was synthesized from poly(ε-caprolactone) diol with L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI) extended with L-lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride (LEED) in DMF and characterized by using 1H-NMR, FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM and tensile tests. Interestingly, they exhibited a self-healing characteristic upon exposure to 37℃ for as short as 30 min with the tensile strength keeping at 4.23 MPa and the elongation at break reaching to 627%. It is revealed that increasing the hard segment content in PUUs benefits the self-healing performance, and on the opposite increasing the soft segment content contributes to the biodegradability.
QuEchERS-高效液相色谱法测定水稻中三环唑含量

三环唑(Tricyclazole)是一种用于防治水稻稻瘟病的内吸性杀菌剂.国内外已经报道了有关三环唑原药的分析方法,其中主要采用气相色谱法,液相色谱测定法报道较少.在目前所报道的测定方法中,大多采用常规提取法,前处理过程中需耗费大量有机试剂,对环境会产生二次污染,且净化过程繁琐,提取液中存在的杂质较多,多样品分析干扰较大.QuEchERS (Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged and safe)是以一种快速、简便、价廉地实现高质量提取的农药残留分析方法,该方法采用分散固相萃取净化法,即直接在提取液加人N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)进行净化,经离心后进行分析检测.本文在此方法的基础上,通过在水稻植株和稻壳基质样品中加人石墨炭粉和无水硫酸镁去除水稻叶绿素等杂质,涡旋和离心后可以直接对水稻样品中三环唑含量进行高效液相色谱分析测定.
Study on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds of Dibenzofurans, Xanthones and Anthraquinones with One or Two Positions Substituted by Hydroxyls

The thermodynamic properties of dibenzofurans (DFs), xanthones (XTs) and anthraquinones (AQs) with one and two positions substituted with hydroxyls in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013×10~5 pa were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G* level using Gaussian 03 program. The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard free energy of formation (Δ_fG~?). Three types of hydrogen bonds exist in the three kinds of chemicals and their bond energies were ascertained as 7-15, 15-23 and 49-58 kJ·mol~(-1) respectively by comparing the Δ_fG~? values. Electronic density topology analysis was applied to validate the strength of bond.
A redescription of grey pomfret Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795) with the designation of a neotype (Teleostei: Stromateidae)

Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795) (Stromateidae), a species believed to be widely distributed throughout the Indo-Western Pacific region, was redescribed and a neotype was designated. The designation of a neotype was necessary because of ambiguous data in Bloch’s original description and the loss of the original type specimen. Morphological data indicated that 10 recently-collected specimens from the coasts of southern China agreed well with Bloch’s original description and figure of P. cinereus. A neotype for this species was selected from among the 10 specimens, and a detailed description is presented in this paper.