mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of non-surgical larynx-preservation comprehensive treatment in advanced laryngeal carcinoma

In China,patients with advanced laryngeal cancer are treated either with radical surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or with non-surgical comprehensive treatment for organ preservation.Although important clinical trials have confirmed the possibility of laryngeal organ preservation in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer,the best larynx-preservation strategy continues to be debated.Here,we evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical comprehensive treatment that sought to preserve laryngeal function for patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
A comparative study of three concentrations of intravenous nalbuphine combined with hydromorphone for post-cesarean delivery analgesia

Background:Nalbuphine has been suggested to be used for post-cesarean section (CS) intravenous analgesia.However,ideal concentration of nalbuphine for such analgesia remains unclear.The present study was conducted to explore an ideal concentration of nalbuphine for post-CS intravenous analgesia by evaluating the analgesic effects and side-effects of three different concentrations of nalbuphine combined with hydromorphone for post-CS intravenous analgesia in healthy parturients.Methods:One-hundred-and-fourteen parturients undergoing elective CS were randomly allocated to one of three groups (38 subjects per group) according to an Excel-generated random number sheet to receive hydromorphone 0.05 mg/mL+nalbuphine 0.5 mg/mL (group LN),hydromorphone 0.05 mg/mL+nalbuphine 0.7 mg/mL (group MN),and hydromorphone 0.05 mg/mL+nalbuphine 0.9 mg/mL (group HN) using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump.Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain,PCA bolus demands,cumulative PCA dose,satisfaction score,Ramsay score,and side-effects such as urinary retention were recorded.Results:The number of PCA bolus demands and cumulative PCA dose during the first 48 h after CS were significantly higher in group LN (21 ± 16 bolus,129 ± 25 mL) than those in group MN (15 ± 10 bolus,120 ± 16 mL) (both P <0.05) and group HN (13 ± 9 bolus,117 ± 13 mL) (both P <0.01),but no difference was found between group HN and group MN(both P >0.05).VAS scores were significantly lower in group HN than those in group MN and group LN for uterine cramping pain at rest and after breast-feeding within 12 h after CS (all P <0.01) and VAS scores were significantly higher in group LN than those in groupMNand group HN when oxytocin was intravenously infused within 3 days after CS (all P <0.05),whereas VAS scores were not statistically different among groups for incisional pain (all P >0.05).Ramsay sedation scale score in groupHNwas significantly higher than that in group MN at 8 and 12 h after CS (all P <0.01) and group LN at 4,8,12,24 h after CS (all P <0.05).Conclusions:Hydromorphone 0.05 mg/mL+nalbuphine 0.7 mg/mL for intravenous PCA could effectively improve the incisional pain and uterine cramping pain management and improve comfort in patients after CS.
Absorption enhancement of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells with frequency upconversion nanosphere arrays

A design of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells patterned with α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 upconversion nanosphere(NSs)arrays on the surface was proposed.The light trapping performance of α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs with different ratios of sphere diameter to sphere pitch was systematically studied by COMSOL Multiphysics.The influence of different NS diameters and ratio to the average optical absorption of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell was calculated, as well as the short circuit current densities.The results show that the average optical absorption of solar cells with 2.33 μm silicon covered by α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 NSs of 100 nm in diameter and 5.2 in ratio has improved by 8.5% compared to planar silicon solar cells with the same thickness of silicon.The light trapping performance of different thicknesses of silicon solar cells with the optimized configuration of NSs was also discussed.The results indicate that our structure enhances the light absorption.The presented model will be the basis for further simulations concerning frequency upconversion of α-NaEr_(0.2)Y_(0.8)F_4 materials.
儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染诊断、治疗和预防专家共识

呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是世界范围内引起5岁以下儿童急性下呼吸道感染(acute lower respiratory tract infections,ALRTI)最重要的病毒病原。RSV感染是造成婴幼儿病毒性呼吸道感染住院的首要因素,严重危害儿童健康,尤其对早产儿、患有先天性心脏病或原发免疫缺陷的婴幼儿造成的疾病更重。目前,尚无RSV疫苗及有效的抗病毒药物用于RSV的治疗,唯一可用于RSV预防的人源化特异性抗体帕利珠单抗(Palivizumab)尚未引进国内临床应用。临床上在RSV的流行、致病机制、诊断、治疗及预防等方面尚存在一些不足,为进一步规范儿童RSV感染的诊断、治疗及预防,以国内外RSV最新研究进展为参考,特制定此专家共识。
Effects of rainfall intensity on the sediment concentration in the Loess Plateau,China

To study the effects of changes in the rainfall intensity on sediment concentrations in the Loess Plateau,the observed rainfall intensities and sediment concentrations from three typical small watersheds were used to analyze the relationship between these parameters.The results showed that the sediment concentration generally increased with the increasing rainfall intensity on slope scale.However,at watershed scale,a significant threshold phenomenon was observed for the effects of the rainfall intensity on the sediment concentration.When the rainfall intensity exceeds the threshold,the flood sediment concentration will no longer increase with the increase in the rainfall intensity.The rainfall intensity threshold increased with increasing vegetation coverage.The rainfall intensity threshold was 10–15 mm/h during 1956–1969,reached 20 mm/h from 1990 to 1997 and is approximately 40 mm/h at present.Due to a rainfall intensity of 10–15 mm/h almost happened every year,the vegetation did not change much from the 1950s to 1980s.Sediment yield mainly depends on soil erosion caused by surface flow,but the surface flow speed does not increase indefinitely with the increase in the flow discharge.Thus,the annual maximum sediment concentration of the tributaries in the loess area has been basically stable before the 1990s.
Adjustment in the main-channel geometry of the lower Yellow River before and after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir from 1986 to 2015

Based on the measured discharge,sediment load,and cross-sectional data from 1986 to 2015 for the lower Yellow River,changes in the morphological parameters (width,depth,and cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient) of the main channel are analyzed in this paper.The results show that before the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir (XLDR) from 1986 to 1999,the main channel shrunk continually,with decreasing width and depth.The rate of reduction in its width decreased along the river whereas that of depth increased in the downstream direction.Because the rate of decrease in the width of the main channel was greater than that in channel depth,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in the sub-reach above Gaocun.By contrast,for the sub-reach below Gaocun,the rate of decrease in channel width was smaller than that in channel depth,and the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient increased.Once the XLDR had begun operation,the main channel eroded continually,and both its width and depth increased from 2000 to 2015.The rate of increase in channel width decreased in the longitudinal direction,and the depth of the main channel in all sub-reaches increased by more than 2 m.Because the rate of increase in the depth of the main channel was clearly larger than that of its width,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient decreased in all sub-reaches.The cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel of the lower Yellow River exhibited different adjustment patterns before and after the XLDR began operation.Before its operation,the main channel mainly narrowed in the transverse direction and silted in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below Aishan,it primarily silted in the vertical direction.After the XLDR began operation,the main channel adjusted by widening in the transverse direction and deepening in the vertical direction in the sub-reach above Aishan;in the sub-reach below it,the main channel adjusted mainly by deepening in the vertical direction.Compared with the rates of decrease in the width and depth of the main channel during the siltation period,the rate of increase in channel width during the scouring period was clearly smaller while the rate of increase in channel depth was larger.After continual siltation and scouring from 1986 to 2015,the cross-sectional geometry of the main-channel changed from wide and shallow to relatively narrow and deep.The pattern of adjustment in the main channel was closely related to the water and sediment conditions.For the braided reach,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during the siltation period.By contrast,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was positively correlated with discharge and negatively correlated with SSC during the scouring period.For the transitional and meandering reaches,the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient was negatively correlated with discharge and positively correlated with SSC.
维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的诊治

随着血液透析技术的发展,透析患者的数量明显增加,透析患者的生活质量特别是肾性骨病所引起的骨健康问题备受关注。骨质疏松症是一种以骨量下降、骨微结构损害、骨脆性增加、易发生骨折为特征的全身性骨病。透析患者由于继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进(SHPT)、骨代谢异常、营养不良、维生素D缺乏、骨矿物质流失等原因易导致骨质疏松。随着透析患者透析龄的增加,骨质疏松的患病率呈现增高趋势,脆性骨折的致残率、病死率高,已成为影响其生活质量和生存率的重要因素。研究发现透析患者大多伴不同程度的骨质代谢紊乱,骨质疏松症发生率为24.67% ~ 51.34%。美国肾脏数据库资料显示,透析患者骨折发生率从1992年的12.5例次/1000患者·年升至2004年的25.3例次/1000患者·年。因此,早期发现、积极防治透析患者的骨质疏松,及时预测骨折风险并采取规范的防治措施非常重要。
维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的特点与对策

骨质疏松症是一种以骨量低下、骨微结构破坏、骨脆性增加,易发生骨折为特征的全身性骨病。随着寿命的延长,人口老龄化,这一问题更加突显。与普通人群及非透析患者相比,维持性血液透析(MHD)患者骨质疏松有其独特的特点,因此针对MHD患者应采取与普通人群骨质疏松患者不同的对策,同时也要根据其个体差异,采取不同措施。
BE-PIGS: a base-editing tool with deaminases inlaid into Cas9 PI domain significantly expanded the editing scope

The discovery of base-editing tools sheds new light on both basic biomedical research and clinical therapeutics.1,2 Although showing profound performance in a wide range of applications, current base editors have their limitations. In particular, the narrow editing windows of these base editors have significantly limited their targetable sites. In current base editors, the most frequent way to tether deaminase is to fuse it to the N-terminus of the Cas9 protein through flexible peptide linkers. Base editors derived from Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9(SpyCas9) or its variants can efficiently edit desired bases in an ~5 nt wide window within the detached,non-target strand(NTS). Maximum editing typically occurs around positions 5–7, counting from the 5' end of the protospacer, which is about 15 nt away from the protospacer adjacent motif(PAM).1,3 Bases outside this narrow window are poorly edited. Given that there are very limited choices for PAMs, many targets were not able to be targeted by current base editors due to the lack of well-positioned PAMs.
安徽省农村40~60岁妇女梅毒防治知识知晓情况调查分析

为了解安徽省农村40~60岁妇女的身心健康状况,安徽省妇女儿童保健中心联合有关单位于2017年底至2018年初组织开展了现场调查。本文利用其中的梅毒防治知识及其相关的指标进行进一步分析,了解安徽省农村40~60岁妇女梅毒防治知识知晓情况及相关因素,探索这一人群中梅毒防治知识知晓率的影响因素及相应的宣传教育干预措施。
2008—2017年泰安市泰山区艾滋病检测结果分析

近年来泰安市艾滋病疫情呈现增长趋势,尤其青年学生艾滋病疫情增加明显,为分析泰山区2008— 2017年各人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况和流行特征,为有效开展艾滋病防制工作提供科学依据。
2013—2017年天津地区淋球菌对阿奇霉素敏感性检测分析

淋病是由淋病奈瑟菌(简称淋球菌)感染所引起的,其在临床的治疗过程中是可以通过抗菌药物进行治愈的性病,但是近些年由于抗菌药物的不规范的使用甚至滥用,导致耐药株的出现在世界各国均发现持续增加。2010年美国疾病控制和预防中心及日本等国家推荐用头孢曲松注射联合阿奇霉素治疗淋病。淋球菌对头孢曲松的耐药在世界各地有零星报道,2004年自苏格兰首次检出淋球菌对阿奇霉素的耐药菌株后,研究淋球菌对阿奇霉素的耐药性逐渐开始受到重视。为探讨天津地区淋球菌对阿奇霉素的耐药情况。本文对2013—2017年天津性病门诊收集的551株淋球菌进行对阿奇霉素最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)的监测分析,旨在为临床治疗方案的选择和指定性病防治对策提供依据。
Vascular Cambium-Localized AtSPDT Mediates Xylem-to-Phloem Transfer of Phosphorus for Its Preferential Distribution in Arabidopsis

During plant growth and development mineral elements are preferentially delivered to different organs and tissues to meet the differential demand.It has been shown that the preferential distribution of mineral nutrients in gramineous plants is mediated by node-based transporters,but the mechanisms of preferential distribution in dicots are poorly understood.Here,we report a distinct mechanism for the preferential distribution of phosphorus(P)in Arabidopsis plants,revealed by detailed functional analysis of AtSPDT/AtSULTR3;4(SULTR-like P Distribution Transporter),a homolog of rice OsSPDT.Like OsSPDT,AtSPDT is localized at the plasma membrane and showed proton-dependent transport activity for P.Interestingly,we found that AtSPDT is mainly expressed in the rosette basal region and leaf petiole,and its expression is up-regulated by P deficiency.Tissue-specific analysis showed that AtSPDT is mainly located in the vascular cambium of different organs,as well as in the parenchyma tissues of both xylem and phloem regions.Knockout of AtSPDT inhibited the growth of new leaves under low P due to decreased P distribution to those organs.The seed yields of the wild-type and atspdt mutant plants are similar,but the seeds of mutant plants contain – less P.These results indicate that AtSPDT localized in the vascular cambium is involved in preferential distribution of P to the developing tissues,through xylem-to-phloem transfer mainly at the rosette basal region and leaf petiole.
Natural variation in the promoter of OsHMA3 contributes to differential grain cadmium accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice

Rice is a major source of cadmium(Cd) intake for Asian people. Indica rice usually accumulates more Cd in shoots and grains than Japonica rice. However, underlying genetic bases for differential Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice are still unknown. In this study, we cloned a quantitative trait locus(QTL) grain Cd concentration on chromosome 7(GCC7) responsible for differential grain Cd accumulation between two rice varieties by performing QTL analysis and map-based cloning. We found that the two GCC7 alleles, GCC7~(PA64s) and GCC7~(93-11), had different promoter activity of OsHMA3,leading to different OsHMA3 expression and different shoot and grain Cd concentrations. By analyzing the distribution of different haplotypes of GCC7 among diverse accumulation alleles, namely GCC7~(93-11) and GCC7~(PA64s), were preferentially distributed in Indica and Japonica rice,respectively. We further showed that the GCC7~(PA64s) allele can be used to replace the GCC7~(93-11) allele in the super cultivar 93-11 to reduce grain Cd concentration without adverse effect on agronomic traits. Our results thus reveal that the QTL GCC7 with sequence variation in the OsHMA3 promoter is an important determinant controlling differential grain Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice.
老年股骨转子间骨折诊疗指南

老年股骨转子间骨折是一种常见且严重的骨质疏松性髋部骨折,致死、致残率高。近年来,国际上在老年股骨转子间骨折的诊疗方面有很多的研究和进展,加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的引入进一步提高了治疗效果…。但我国目前的诊疗现状并不乐观,缺乏相应的规范和指南。遵循科学性、实用性和先进性的原则,经全国数百位创伤骨科专家讨论通过,制定本指南。本指南仅适用于≥65岁低能量损伤造成的新鲜非病理性股骨转子间骨折患者。
准分子激光在冠状动脉钙化斑块中的应用及体会

上世纪80年代,国外研究发现准分子激光(连续性的单色光)产生的能量能被粥样硬化的斑块组织选择性吸收,由此提出准分子激光可能适用于治疗冠状动脉和外周血管粥样硬化性病变,但激光治疗在早期临床应用中却遇到了较大困难。当时经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary in- tervention,PCI)技术上远未成熟,这在一定程度上限制了激光治疗的发展;早期准分子激光治疗设备庞大、操作复杂且需长时间预热准备、临床应用不便;更重要的是,当时的激光向血管壁四周持续性发射,围术期冠状动脉穿孔的发生率达3.0%,治疗失败率为13%~21%。因此准分子激光在相当长的一段时间仅在部分领域进行了尝试,没有应用于介入治疗。
胎儿先天性膀胱阴道瘘的超声特征

先天性膀胱阴道瘘(congenital vesicovaginal fistula, CVVF)是一种罕见的畸形,为阴道与膀胱间存在异常持续交通的小孔,常与其他泌尿生殖道异常有关,亦可孤立性存在,约5%~30%的阴道发育不良病例有CVVF,也有CVVF合并尿道缺如的报道;多表现为出生后即出现尿失禁和反复尿路感染,月经初潮后出现经血尿,子宫阴道积液、积血,性交困难等,给患者的生育和日常生活带来严重影响。因胎儿期对本病认识不足而鲜有产前超声报道。本研究拟回顾性分析经尸检证实的3例胎儿CVVF的超声征象,总结其影像学特点,以提高临床对本病的认识及正确诊断率。
荧光素虹膜血管造影联合眼底血管造影在视网膜中央静脉阻塞中的操作方法及诊断价值分析

新生血管性青光眼(NVG)继发于视网膜缺血、缺氧,缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)是其病因之一。NVG以新生血管自虹膜瞳孔缘向房角生长为特征。其检查以裂隙灯显微镜检查为主,可发现虹膜表面的新生血管病变,但不易于发现被深棕色虹膜所遮盖的新生血管病变,从而延缓早期NVG的发现和治疗。荧光素虹膜血管造影(IFA)是诊断虹膜新生血管的金标准,但单纯IFA检查仅能间接反映视网膜病变情况。FFA有助于发现缺血型CRVO的视网膜新生血管和无灌注区,但不能观察虹膜病变。近年随着检查设备技术的更新,新型海德堡眼底血管造影仪在检查中不受瞳孔限制,能同步进行IFA和FFA检查。但目前IFA联合FFA检查在缺血性视网膜病变的应用较少。我们对一组缺血型CRVO进行了IFA联合FFA检查。现将结果报道如下。
桑叶抗氧化活性与芦丁量效关系分析

目的探讨桑叶抗氧化活性与芦丁的量效关系。方法以正交试验优选出桑叶芦丁最佳提取工艺,优化DPPH、ABTS自由基清除活性和铁离子还原能力法中最大吸收波长、显色时间和样品用量等反应条件,并测定7批桑叶抗氧化活性。采用SPSS软件对桑叶抗氧化活性和芦丁含有量进行相关性分析。结果最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数90%,料液比1 : 20,提取时间90 min,提取次数3次,DPPH、ABTS自由基溶液和FRAP工作液检测波长分别为516、751、594 nm,测定时间分别为120、25、70 min。桑叶抗氧化能力和芦丁含有量相关性极显著(P< 0.01) 。结论芦丁含有量可用来评价桑叶抗氧化能力。
An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes(network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger's demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.
Direct position determination using single moving rotating linear array: Noncoherent and coherent processing

To improve the resolution and accuracy of Direct Position Determination(DPD), this paper investigates the problem of positioning multiple emitters directly with a single moving Rotating Linear Array(RLA). Firstly, the geometry of the RLA is formulated and analysed. According to its geometry, the intercepted noncoherent signals in multiple interception intervals are modeled. Correspondingly, the MUltiple SIgnal Classification(MUSIC) based noncoherent DPD approach is proposed. Secondly, the synchronous coherent pulse signals are individually considered and formulated. And the coherent DPD approach which aims for localizing this special type of signal is presented by stacking all array responses at different interception intervals. Besides, we also derive the constrained Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) expression for both noncoherent and coherent DPD with RLA under the constraint that the altitudes of the emitters are known. At last, computer simulations are included to examine the performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the localization accuracy and resolution of DPD with single moving linear array can be significantly improved by the array rotation. In addition, coherent DPD with RLA further improves the resolution and increases the maximum emitter number that can be localized compared with the noncoherent DPD with RLA.
Delaying stall of morphing wing by periodic trailing-edge deflection

Morphing wings can improve aircraft performance during different flight phases. Recently research has focused on steady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible trailing-edge, and the unsteady aerodynamic and stall characteristics in the deflection process of the morphing wing are worthy further investigation. The effects of the angle of attack and deflection rate on aerodynamic characteristics were examined, and based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing, a method was developed to delay stall by using the flexible periodic trailing-edge deflection. The numerical results show that the lift coefficients in the deflection process are smaller than those in the static situation at small angles of attack, and that the higher the deflection rate is, the smaller the lift coefficients will be. On the contrary, at large angles of attack, the lift coefficients are higher than those in the static case, and they become larger with the increase of the deflection rate. Further, the periodic deflection of the flexible trailing-edge with a small deflection amplitude and high deflection rate can increase lift coefficients at the critical stall angle.
Electromagnetic riveting technique and its applications

With the increasing applications of novel materials and structures in new-generation aircraft,conventional joining techniques in aircraft component assembly are greatly challenged.To meet those challenges,the electromagnetic riveting(EMR)technique was developed as an advanced joining tool,which exhibits obvious advantages in the assembly of new-generation aircraft.In this paper,the riveting principle of EMR was analyzed,and its development history and status were presented in detail.Then,equipment features of three typical EMR systems were given.Moreover,three important applications of EMR were covered,i.e.,composite structure riveting,titanium rivet and large-size aluminum rivet riveting,and interference fit bolt installation.Specially,a novel strengthening method for mechanical linking holes based on EMR was also presented,which can significantly improve the fatigue behaviors of mechanical joints.Finally,open questions in the EMR field were discussed,and some recommendations for future work were also made.This paper can be useful for optimizing the joint designs of aircraft components and improving the level of aircraft maintenance.
广西电镀园区的园林规划设计研究

从上世纪末开始,我国东部沿海地区的经济迅速发展。但随之带来的环境污染问题也日益严重。因此,经济发展的同时必须兼顾环境保护。当下产业结构调整是应对环境污染问题的有效手段。产业结构调整中最行之有效的手段就是产业升级。一般而言,产业升级的首选方案就是自建工业园区。近三十年来,我国已建立了众多的工业园区。但这些工业园区除了能满足正常生产需求之外,淡化甚至忽略人文居住休闲环境,能称得上绿色工业园区的少之又少。究其原因,大多数工业园区在设计之初缺乏配套的园林规划。因此,园林规划是工业园区设计必须考虑的重要一环。
PLC在全自动电镀生产线中的应用

早期的电镀生产线都由人工操作。这种操作方法不仅会消耗大量的人力资源,还会导致电镀产品的质量参差不齐。近年来,随着自动化技术、计算机控制技术和PLC技术的不断发展,传统的电镀行业逐渐进行了技术革新,全自动电镀生产线的应用越来越广泛。目前,除了一部分高端的电镀产品需要采用人工电镀方式外,市面上80%以上的电镀产品均采用全自动电镀生产线进行电镀。
慢性硬膜下血肿药物治疗专家共识

慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)是血液集聚在蛛网膜与硬脑膜之间形成的慢性占位性病变,常在头部外伤3周以后形成。其发病率为1/10~13.1/10万人口,随着人口老龄化CSDH的发病率不断升高,80岁以上老年人年发病率可达127/10万人。CSDH一般认为由外伤引起,但约50%患者否认外伤史。除外伤外,与CSDH发病相关、吸收不良或复发的常见危险因素包括:(1)长期应用抗凝和抗血小板药;(2)反复或突然的胸腹压力增高(如难产、便秘);(3)开颅手术;(4)血液病。
中国乳腺癌个案管理模式专家共识

乳腺癌是严重威胁女性健康的恶性肿瘤之一,世界卫生组织(WHO)将其列为一种慢性病。乳腺癌治疗是一种个体化、综合性的治疗,因其治疗方式复杂及病程漫长,患者在带病及康复过程中会面临种种困难。因此,迫切需要一种适合我国国情的乳腺癌患者个体化全程管理模式,而个案管理模式(CMM)正好能满足此需求。目前个案管理在各个领域广泛应用,其中在临床领域中主要适用于一些病程较长、治疗复杂、医疗成本较高的临床病例,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、腹膜透析、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)、精神疾病、老年性痴呆、肿瘤等患者,多项研究表明个案管理在临床应用中取得良好的效果。其中有研究表明,个案管理模式在乳腺癌患者中也取得一定的效果,包括提高患者治疗依从性、减轻症状困扰、改善生活质量等。然而,乳腺癌个案管理模式在我国起步较晚,在国内仍处于初级发展阶段,存在个案管理模式构建缺乏系统化;个案管理工作流程缺乏标准化;个案管理师培养缺乏规范化;成效评价指标不完善等问题。因此,中国医药教育协会于2019年3月成立了国内首个乳腺癌个案管理师分会,组织来自北京、长春、广州、长沙等地区具有个案管理照顾经验的医疗及护理专家,通过复习文献、参考既往相关疾病诊治专家共识,同时结合自身的实践经验,编写了中国乳腺癌个案管理模式专家共识,期望为国内乳腺癌个案管理师工作的进一步推进提供研究证据和经验。