mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Does overshoot in leaf development of ponderosa pine in wet years leads to bark beetle outbreaks on fine-textured soils in drier years?

Background: Frequent outbreaks of insects and diseases have been recorded in the native forests of western North America during the last few decades, but the distribution of these outbreaks has been far from uniform. In some cases, recent climatic variations may explain some of this spatial variation along with the presence of expansive forests composed of dense, older trees. Forest managers and policy makers would benefit if areas especially prone to disturbance could be recognized so that mitigating actions could be taken. Methods: We use two ponderosa pine-dominated sites in western Montana, U.S.A. to apply a modeling approach that couples information acquired via remote sensing, soil surveys, and local weather stations to assess where bark beetle outbreaks might first occur and why. Although there was a general downward trend in precipitation for both sites over the period between 1998 and 2010 (slope = -1.3, R~2 = 0.08), interannual variability was high. Some years showed large increases followed by sharp decreases. Both sites had similar topography and fire histories, but bark beetle activity occurred earlier (circa 2000 to 2001) and more severely on one site than on the other. The initial canopy density of the two sites was also similar, with leaf area indices ranging between 1.7-2.0 m~2?m~(-2). We wondered if the difference in bark beetle activity was related to soils that were higher in clay content at site I than at site II. To assess this possibility, we applied a process-based stand growth model (3-PG) to analyze the data and evaluate the hypotheses. Results: We found that when wet years were followed by drier years, the simulated annual wood production per unit of leaf area, a measure of tree vigor, dropped below a critical threshold on site I but not on site II. Conclusion: We concluded that the difference in vulnerability of the two stands to beetle outbreaks can be explained largely by differences in gross photosynthesis attributed to the fact that an equivalent amount of stored water in the rooting zone (100 mm) is extracted less efficiently from fine-textured soils than from coarse-textured ones.
Analysis of a Triose Phosphate/Phosphate TranslocatorDeficient Mutant Reveals a Limited Capacity for Starch Synthesis in Rice Leaves

At midday, CO_2 fixation is less than optimal in rice due to feedback inhibition of the photosynthesis by Pi limitation under high irradiance (Winder et al., 1998). The simultaneous overexpression of Arabidopsis TPT and cFBPase genes conferred an enhanced photosynthetic rate and led to growth enhancement in Arabidopsis (Cho et al., 2012). It would be of value to examine in a future study whether the overexpression of both OsTPTI and OscFBPasel can minimize Pi limitation in rice.
高压氧在脑外伤治疗中的临床应用研究

脑外伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)又称创伤性颅脑损伤,是由创伤所致的脑部损伤,也是目前全世界范围内一个重要的公共卫生和社会经济问题。由于中枢神经系统功能的特殊性,TBI后常导致运动、言语、心理及认知功能障碍,严重影响到患者的日常生活和生存质量。多年来,尽管急诊科和神经外科在抢救TBI患者生命方面做了大量基础研究和临床救治工作,但是单纯依靠外科手术和药物治疗,对患者各方面功能的恢复效果并不显著。因此,进一步探讨TBI的综合治疗方法,建立一个多学科的、多专业合作的医疗模式很有必要。高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen, HBO)医学作为一门新兴学科,其非药物、非侵入性的特殊治疗方法对许多急、慢性疾病都有良好的疗效。本研究重点就HBO在TBI治疗中的临床应用综述如下。
超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺囊实性结节的诊断价值

目前,临床上用于诊断甲状腺结节最主要的方法是彩色多普勒超声检查,术前超声诊断甲状腺囊实性结节并不困难,但术前确诊甲状腺囊实性结节的性质却相当困难。本研究回顾性分析154例甲状腺囊实性结节患者经超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学(ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy,UG-FNAB)的检查资料,旨在探讨 UG-FNAB 检查在甲状腺囊实性结节术前良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。
Densification behavior of mechanically milled Cu-8 at% Cr alloy and its mechanical and electrical properties

Synthesis and consolidation behavior of Cu-8 at% Cr alloy powders made by mechanical alloying with elemental Cu and Cr powders, and subsequently, compressive and electrical properties of the consolidated alloys were studied. Solid solubility of Cr in Cu during milling, and subsequent phase transformations during sintering and heat treatment of sintered components were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The milled powders were compacted applying three different pressures (200 MPa, 400 MPa and 600 MPa) and sintered in H_2 atmosphere at 900 °C for 30 min and at 1000 °C for 1 h and 2 h. The maximum densification (92.8%) was achieved for the sample compacted at 600 MPa and sintered for 1000 °C for 2 h. Hardness and densification behavior further increased for the compacts sintered at 900 °C for 30 min after rolling and annealing process. TEM investigation of the sintered compacts revealed the bimodal distribution of Cu grains with nano-sized Cr and Cr_2O_3 precipitation along the grain boundary as well as in grain interior. Pinning of grain boundaries by the precipitates stabilized the fine grain structure in bimodal distribution.
慢性踝关节不稳判定方法研究进展

慢性踝关节不稳一直是运动医学领域研究和关注的热点问题之一,更是难题之一。对慢性踝关节不稳进行正确的判定,是保证患者有效康复的前提。目前有关慢性踝关节不稳的判定方法多种多样,但这些方法至今没有统一的标准,所以有必要引起相关研究者的高度重视。本文采用文献资料法,对现有的慢性踝关节不稳判定方法进行综合梳理,并对其存在的问题进行分析,为今后的研究提供理论参考,也为慢性踝关节不稳患者的临床诊断及康复治疗等提供理论支持。
肾移植术后免疫抑制治疗的全程优化管理

成人心脏死亡器官捐赠(DCD)移植面临一系列的挑战,DCD移植术后急性排斥反应(AR)、移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)的发生率较高。2014年中国器官移植大会上有学者报道,受者年龄<60岁、HLA-DR 错配数增加、冷缺血时间>24h、DGF以及巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染等是AR发生的危险因素,而AR显著降低DCD肾移植受者的长期存活。因此,DCD移植后采取合理的免疫抑制全程管理方案是有效降低AR与 DGF的发生,改善受者长期存活的关键。
亳州烟区农田耕作层土壤微量元素含量研究

亳州市谯城区是皖北主产烟区,本文利用谯城区2007—2010年期间开展的测土配方施肥项目的1 134个农田耕作层土壤样点数据和2013年补采的90个典型烟田数据,测定分析了微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的有效态含量,旨在为烟区微量元素肥料的施用提供科学指导。结果表明,土壤有效态铁、锰、铜、锌的含量分别介于0.43~12.00、0.04~4.00、0.50~56.00和1.30~67.00 mg/kg,平均含量分别为1.82、0.77、12.83和15.84 mg/kg,含量总体上较高,仅12.3%的土壤缺锌,主要分布在十河镇、双沟镇、古城镇、龙阳镇、赵桥乡、关堂镇,这部分烟区可以酌情考虑增施锌肥。
Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

1 Introduction In 2013, Chagusaba, which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka, were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture. Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations, from 0 to 3000 m or more above sea level. Because of the diversity of land features and climates, this area produces 167 agricultural commodities. In addition, a lot of traditional agriculture and over 200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka prefecture. Chagusaba farming is one of good examples of traditional agricultural system which conserve rich biodiversity.
中国东北半干旱区能量水分循环的同化模拟

使用地球观测系统的中分辨率成像光谱仪(EOS-MODIS)提供的归一化植被指数(NDVI)产品估算植被覆盖度和航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务(SRTM)制成的数字高程模型(DEM)数据遥感产品替换WRF模式默认的植被覆盖度和地形高度,并且利用WRF模式及其先进的三维变分同化系统(WRF-3DVar)循环同化东北半干旱区自动气象站近地面气象要素,对东北半干旱区的温度场、湿度场、风场和能量场的结构及其日变化特征进行了较为细致的模拟研究.通过4组数值模拟试验分别探讨了同化气象要素与改变模式地表参数引起的不同下垫面潜热、感热的分配关系和降水、土壤湿度变化引起的地表能量通量模拟效果,并利用通榆站、奈曼站、锦州站、和密云站2009年6~8月的通量观测资料与模拟结果对比检验.结果表明,WRF模式能够较好地模拟出东北半干旱区夏季的近地面温度、风向、净辐射、感热和潜热等要素的变化特征及日变化规律.同化试验(Case 2)模拟的近地面气温、相对湿度、风速相比控制性试验(Case 1)有所改善;陆面参数试验(Case 3)和集合试验(Case 4)改善了感热和地表热通量的模拟.WRF模式能较好地模拟出下垫面土壤湿度随时间变化的规律,集合试验(Case 4)土壤湿度模拟结果与4个通量站观测值相比无太大差别,但降水的模拟有待改善.本研究利用卫星遥感资料改善模式下垫面陆面参数,利用气象资料同化改善近地面大气要素模拟精度,这是将各种不同空间和时间尺度的多源数据与数值模拟融合的有益尝试.此研究生成的东北地区资料同化数据集可用于气候变化、干旱监测等方面,对深入了解半干旱区气候的形成和维持机理具有重要的意义.
海面导弹目标检测中的RCS分析

海杂波背景下导弹目标的检测问题由于海杂波对检测的干扰而成为非常具有挑战的问题.本文通过利用多层快速多极子方法计算海面上方预设的通用导弹目标的有效雷达截面RCS,同时给出分数威尔斯特拉斯散射模型的简化形式,并利用其简化形式结合目标在海面投影面积计算海面RCS.最后,目标与其对应的海面RCS进行比较,得出雷达回波信杂比与入射角度、入射频率和极化方式的关系.结论可以帮助我们设计用于强海杂波背景下的导弹目标和其他类似目标检测的雷达系统.
沁水盆地南部煤层气藏的有效运移系统

煤层气藏有效运移系统的优劣取决于煤储层的裂隙发育程度与开合程度,决定着煤储层的渗透性,其外在显现形式主要表现为煤储层的孔裂隙系统特征.本文基于煤基块弹性自调节效应理论和煤储层综合弹性能量理论,提出了煤储层裂隙开合程度参数△和裂隙发育程度参数ξ,定量化研究了沁水盆地南部煤层气藏有效运移系统,探讨了其对煤层气富集高产的控制作用.结果表明:研究区现今阶段,ξ高值区位于安泽、沁源一带,郑庄、樊庄次之,说明这两个区域内,煤储层裂隙发育程度较高;△高值区位于郑庄、樊庄一带,安泽、沁源次之,说明区域内煤基块弹性自调节正效应占优势,裂隙趋于张开.综合分析ξ和△可以发现,二者的最佳匹配区域位于郑庄、樊庄一带,说明此区域内煤层裂隙相对较发育,裂隙张开程度较高,可能具有较高的流体压力和较好的渗透性,有利于煤层气藏高产.
雷暴云底部正电荷区对闪电类型影响的数值模拟

在经典的雷暴云三极电荷结构的假定下结合已有的随机放电参数化方案,进行了二维高分辨率闪电放电的模拟实验,定量的探讨了雷暴云底部正电荷对闪电类型的影响.结果表明:(1)雷暴云底部正电荷对负地闪和反极性云闪的产生起了关键作用,随着底部正电荷区的电荷密度大小或分布范围的增大,闪电类型依次从正极性云闪向负地闪再向反极性云闪变化;(2)相对于电荷区分布范围而言,底部正电荷区的电荷密度大小对闪电类型的影响起主导作用.只有当雷暴云底部正电荷区的最大电荷密度取值在一定范围内时,才会出现负地闪,并且负地闪的发生概率相对固定;(3)在该范围内,负地闪的发生由底部正电荷区的电荷密度大小以及分布范围共同决定,且其与云闪触发条件之间存在一个线性边界;(4)底部正电荷区的电荷密度大小以及分布范围的共同效果是改变底部正位势阱的分布,当闪电启动参考电位接近0 MV时生成反极性云闪,而当其远小于0 MV时则更容易形成负地闪.
降雨对PR雷达海面风速探测的影响及校正

针对降雨雷达(PR)海面测风精度易受降雨影响的特点,本文从雨滴对雷达信号的二次路径衰减效应、体后向散射效应以及雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应这三个因素出发,推导了降雨条件下PR雷达方程,并利用Ku波段雨滴衰减模型、球形雨滴体后向散射模型结合2010年6~8月的PR观测数据以及TMI风速数据对PR降雨雷达方程进行逆向求解,定量分析了降雨对PR测风精度的影响,发现降雨对PR回波信号的影响主要表现为雨滴的二次路径衰减效应和雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应,雨滴的体后向散射效应相对最弱;而且,雨滴的二次路径衰减效应和雨滴的体后向散射效应均随降雨强度以及雷达波束在降雨层传输经过的路径增加而增强;雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应对回波能量具有衰减作用,且衰减作用随降雨强度以及入射角的增加而增强.最后,将雨滴体后向散射效应和雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应合并考虑,构建了降雨条件下PR雷达降雨辐射传输模型,并结合2012年6~10月三次台风观测数据对模型精度进行了验证,结果表明,校正前PR观测等与海面风场引起的σ~0平均偏差为2.95 dB,均方差为3.10 dB;校正后二者之间的平均偏差为0.64 dB,均方差为1.61 dB,表明本文方法能有效补偿降雨对PR观测σ~0衰减的部分.
北大西洋涛动的纬向位置与大西洋-欧洲阻塞活动的关系以及对欧洲天气的可能影响

近几十年来,北大西洋涛动(NAO)出现了明显的年代际东移现象.而近十几年欧洲地区出现了频繁灾害性天气,它是否与NAO东移现象有关不清楚.本文拟通过NAO逐日指数挑选出1950~2011年冬季的所有in-situ(原地)NAO事件,并将其划分为偏东型(ENAO)和偏西型(WNAO),然后研究了两种类型的NAO事件与大西洋-欧洲阻塞事件的关系以及它们对欧洲大陆气温和降水的影响.结果发现:当NAO是负(正)位相时,大西洋-欧洲阻塞呈西北-东南(西南-东北)分布,而且当NAO为负位相时,阻塞有两个活动中心:格陵兰阻塞和欧洲大陆阻塞.当NAO负位相事件偏东(西)时,阻塞趋于在欧洲大陆(格陵兰)产生.当NAO正位相事件偏东(西)时,阻塞趋于在南欧的下(上)游地区产生.同时发现偏东型的负位相(ENAO~-)会引起欧洲大陆大幅度的降温,并且范围和强度都要比偏西型负位相(WNAO~-)影响的要大,特别是它对中欧、东欧及南欧的降温影响更显著.而偏东型正位相(ENAO~+)和偏西型正位相(WNAO~+)会引起欧洲大陆升温,但偏东型正位相(ENAO~+)引起的升温幅度较大且范围更偏东部和南部.此外还发现NAO~+事件对应的欧洲地区降水正距平呈现出单支分布,并且ENAO~+对应的降水更偏欧洲北部.而NAO~-事件期间降水则呈南北双支结构分布,但由于ENAO~-事件引起的大幅降温,使得欧洲南部特别是地中海地区容易发生极端降雪天气.最后,本文还讨论了偏东型和偏西型NAO事件产生的可能的物理机制.
铜陵新桥硫铁矿床中胶状黄铁矿微尺度观察及其成因探讨

新桥硫铁矿床是铜陵矿集区代表性的层状硫化物矿床,该矿床主要由层状、似层状矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型、热液脉型矿体.黄铁矿是层状矿体中主要硫化物矿物,以胶状、细粒-中粗粒结构,块状构造产出,后期热动力作用使得胶状黄铁矿重结晶为细粒-粗粒黄铁矿,甚至相变为磁黄铁矿.本文利用粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)对新桥硫铁矿床中的胶状黄铁矿物相、形貌、微结构进行研究,结果发现胶状黄铁矿基本由黄铁矿组成,表现为纳米-亚微米粒状、花瓣状和似生物状形态.粒状黄铁矿以自形-半自形立方体为主,球形、短柱状等他形为辅,粒径大约10~500 nm;扫描电镜对胶状黄铁矿大量观察发现,自形-半自形黄铁矿颗粒粒径大于它形黄铁矿颗粒,显示黄铁矿从小颗粒、不规则形态向大颗粒、自形晶演化趋势.花瓣黄铁矿主要由纳米粒级自形-半自形粒状黄铁矿组成,花瓣直径介于5~10μm,类似于生物成因的草莓黄铁矿.这些形貌和微结构特征显示胶状黄铁矿为微生物参与的矿化产物;新桥硫铁矿中胶状黄铁矿形貌和微结构差异是其就位空间和演化过程差异所致.该研究为新桥矿床乃至铜陵矿集区胶状黄铁矿成因和成矿作用提供了微尺度的矿物学支撑.
华北克拉通岩石圈二维P波速度结构特征——文登-阿拉善左旗深地震测深剖面结果

利用超长观测距地震宽角反射/折射剖面探测技术,获得了近东西向横穿华北克拉通不同块体的反映地壳-上地幔岩石圈结构的不同深度、不同属性地震波震相特征数据.通过对各个块体内的地震波震相特征对比分析研究,除识别出地壳内常规的Pg波、Pc_i波、Pm P波和Pn波外,还清楚的对比出了岩石圈尺度的两组震相PL_1和PL_2波.经过一维、二维地震走时及波形拟合,获得了沿剖面长约1500 km的不同块体的壳幔二维速度结构与构造特征.结果表明:沿剖面地壳及岩石圈自东向西加厚趋势的明显,但各组地震波反、折射界面在各个块体内又显示出局部变化明显等特征.结晶基底在各个块体内变化较大,在华北凹陷盆地内最深达到7.8 km,在胶东半岛及太行吕梁地块较浅约2.0 km;莫霍界面形态整体显示出东浅西深,在鄂尔多斯块体内最深达到46 km,而在华北断陷盆地内显示隆起特征;L1界面仅在太行山以西区域显示,深度约为80 km,变化较缓.岩石圈L2界面东浅西深在75~160 km范围内变化,在太行山以西有一急剧加深趋势,形成一个陡变带.
克拉通岩石圈减薄与破坏

我国华北克拉通在显生宙期间曾发生过>100 km的岩石圈减薄,并伴随克拉通的破坏.但如何认识该克拉通破坏的机制及在全球大陆演化中的意义,是目前需要深入研究的问题.本文通过对地球上印度、巴西、南非、西伯利亚、东欧(波罗地)、北美等克拉通的总结发现,岩石圈减薄是克拉通演化过程中经常见及的一种现象,但减薄并不一定伴随破坏.进一步深入研究表明,大多数克拉通的减薄可能主要通过地幔柱或地幔上涌的热侵蚀而实现,但目前还没有地幔柱或地幔上涌使克拉通发生破坏的实例.对已发生破坏的北美和华北克拉通的研究揭示,板块俯冲是导致克拉通破坏的重要原因.俯冲大洋板块的脱水交代上覆地幔楔,不仅可使其发生部分熔融而产生广泛的岩浆作用,更重要的是使大陆岩石圈地幔失去原有的刚性特征而易于发生变形.从这一过程出发,大规模地壳来源的花岗岩和壳内韧性变形可视为克拉通破坏的岩石学与构造学标志.
ABC转运蛋白提升四膜虫对DDT的耐受能力

世界卫生组织允许DDT在部分国家和地区使用.大规模频繁使用杀虫剂造成了蚊子的抗药性,大大降低了DDT的防治效果.目前对于DDT的耐受主要集中在蚊子,但对于喷洒的DDT进入水生态系统后,造成食物链底层水生生物体对DDT耐受还未见报道.本研究对DDT胁迫下的四膜虫全基因组中筛选出一个ATP结合盒转运蛋白基因(abcb15),它能够识别DDT作为其转运的底物.绿色荧光蛋白标记显示ABCB15蛋白定位于细胞膜上,是一个细胞膜泵蛋白.基因敲降技术造成的abcb15基因敲降株在DDT胁迫下表现出更低的生长速率,这表明ABCB15膜泵蛋白能够将进入细胞内的DDT转运至细胞膜外,藉以提高四膜虫对DDT的耐受能力,以减轻DDT对细胞的损伤.
PIL1 Participates in a Negative Feedback Loop that Regulates Its Own Gene Expression in Response to Shade

Plants grown in close proximity experience a change in light quality, and respond by reallocating energy resources from storage organs to stem-like organs. This adaptive response, called the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), allows the shaded plant to grow and compete effectively against its neighbors. SAS is initiated upon detection by the phytochrome photoreceptors of a lowering of the ratio of red to far-red light (R/FR), leading to the synthesis of plant hormones and a transcriptional cascade that targets genes involved in growth. Among these genes is PIL1 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1), which encodes a bHLH transcription factor, whose expression is induced by up to 100-fold within 30?min of exposure to shade (Salter et  al., 2003); yet, PIL1’s precise role in shade avoidance is unknown. The Salter paper concluded that PIL1 worked with TOC1 to restrict growth to a particular time of day, and that PIL1 is necessary for the normal display of the rapid elongation response to shade (Salter et  al., 2003). Later, Roig-Villanova and colleagues (2006) showed that PIL1 is a negative regulator of the SAS with only phenotype of pil1-4 and pil1-4phyB without any mechanism. To further understand the function of PIL1 in transducing phytochrome signals during the shade-avoidance response, we examined phenotypes of PIL1 loss- and gain-of-function mutants in simulated shade and proposed three possible modes of PIL1 action based on its protein stability and interaction with DNA and PIFs to regulate gene expression.
Dissociative Electron Attachment to 1,2-Dichlorobenzene using Mass Spectrometry with Phosphor Screen

Anion mass spectrometry is developed on the basis of our home-made anion velocity map imaging apparatus. The Cl— product efficiency curve for dissociative electron attachment to 1,2-dichlorobenzene is obtained from 0.2 eV to 8 eV, meanwhile the sliced images of this anion are recorded at 1.2 and 6.0 eV corresponding to two peak positions of the product efficiency curve.
宫腹腔镜诊治46,XY真两性畸形2例分析

真两性畸形是指同一机体内具有睾丸和卵巢两种性腺组织,较多见的是性腺内含有卵巢与睾丸组织,又称卵睾。真两性畸形的发病率约为1/20 000,外生殖器形态介于男、女性之间,染色体核型可为:46,XX、46,XY、46,XX/46,XY,其中46,XY最少见,约占7%。其病因尚不明确,可能与SRY基因点突变、缺失或移码突变有关。根据两种性腺的位置,按Hinman法可分为:(1)双侧型:双侧均为卵睾,占20%;(2)单侧型:一侧为卵睾,对侧为卵巢或睾丸,占40%;(3)分侧型:一侧为睾丸,对侧为卵巢,占40%。真两性畸形为胚胎早期睾丸不发育,中肾管缺乏睾酮刺激,未能向男性发育;副中肾管未被MIS抑制,发育为输卵管、子宫及阴道上段;外生殖器不受雄激素影响而发育为女性外阴。患者临床表现为女性外观,第二性征发育欠佳,无阴毛、腋毛,乳房不发育,外阴呈幼稚型,可有阴蒂肥大;人工周期可使月经来潮,体内有条索状性腺,可见发育不全的子宫和输卵管,智能正常。病例1仅阴蒂略显肥大,男性化不明显;病例2外生殖器完全表现为女性。2例患者乳房均未发育,无月经来潮,社会性别为女性。由于患者性腺常发育不良,影像学检查难以分辨卵巢、睾丸和卵睾,主要依赖于手术探查行组织活检明确诊断,目前多选择腹腔镜手术。较传统开腹手术,腹腔镜手术创伤小、出血少,更有效分辨卵巢、睾丸和卵睾等性腺组织,直接取组织活检,并精确地切除及保留性腺。受苗勒管抑制因子作用,发育正常的子宫仅为10%,其余为单角子宫、无子宫或无宫颈。由于大多数子宫存在发育不良,联合宫腔镜检查显得尤为重要。真两性畸形的治疗原则是根据患者年龄及内、外生殖器的发育情况等选择性别,并切除与选定性别不符合的性腺以及内生殖道,并行相应外生殖器矫形术,最终以恢复性生活为目的。本文2例患者均采用宫腹腔镜联合诊治的方式,通过腹腔镜取性腺活检明确了真两性畸形诊断,并切除与选定性别不符的性腺。
宫颈癌根治术宫旁切除范围的研究进展

宫颈癌是威胁女性健康的最常见恶性肿瘤之一,宫颈癌根治术作为宫颈癌最常用和最有效的治疗方法,给患者带来了高生存率的同时也带来了诸多并发症。现阶段随着对宫旁淋巴分布和宫颈癌宫旁转移情况的进一步认识,一些学者提出缩小宫颈癌根治术宫旁切除范围的可行性并做了相应的临床研究,本文就这方面的研究进展做一综述,以为后续探讨宫颈癌患者的手术方案提供一些思路。
子痫前期相关miRNA靶基因的研究进展

miRNA是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控基因转录后表达的非编码小RNA,miRNA基因表达变化严重影响其下游转录水平的基因和有关的信号通路。近年子痫前期(PE)相关基础研究表明,PE患者胎盘及母血中存在一系列表达失衡的miRNA,这些miRNA可调节细胞内源基因的表达,影响细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等多种功能,在整个生物发育和多种疾病过程中发挥重要作用。本文就近年PE相关miRNA靶基因的研究概况做一综述。
基于3D打印技术的岩体复杂结构与应力场的可视化方法

准确表征与直观显示岩体复杂的内部结构与应力场是解决诸多地下工程问题的基础和关键.本文运用CT成像、三维重构和3D打印技术制备了包含复杂裂隙的天然煤岩模型,借助三维应力冻结和光弹技术,直观定量地显示了单轴压缩载荷作用下复杂裂隙煤岩内部的应力场分布特征.研究表明:通过3D打印技术制备的煤岩模型具有与天然煤岩一致的裂隙结构特征;3D模型的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学性能指标接近于天然裂隙煤岩;在不连续裂隙周边的高应力分布区域以及应力级差等方面,3D模型的实验结果与数值模拟结果具有较好的一致性;该方法能够直观定量地显示不连续不规则裂隙对煤岩的强度、变形以及应力集中区的影响.3D模型打印与应力冻结技术相结合为实现地下岩体内部复杂结构与三维应力场分布的定量表征与可视化,以及印证数值模拟结果提供了新途径.
Shear assessment of compression flanges of structural oncrete T-beams

In T-beams the force transfer from the web into the flange has to be studied. The general design procedure is based on a strut-and-tie (or a stress field) model which comprises spreading compressive and transverse tensile forces. As is known, strut-and-tie models represent the force flow within a structural member at ultimate. This procedure is sufficient for design purposes and in general, leads to safe results. For the assessment of a structure it may be worthwhile to improve the accuracy. For this purpose both web and flange have to be looked at more in detail. An advanced method for the analysis of webs in shear is the Generalized Stress Field Approach [1]. This approach can be utilized for treating flanges, where the classical assumptions have to be adapted; in particular by considering the strain dependence of the concrete compressive strength and thus, defining a representative strain value. In the present contribution background and details of these aspects are given, and the corresponding calculation procedure is described. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data and show a reasonably good agreement. However, as the number of sufficiently documented tests is very limited no concluding findings are attained.
Feature selection on probabilistic symbolic objects

In data analysis tasks, we are often confronted to very high dimensional data. Based on the purpose of a data analysis study, feature selection will find and select the relevant subset of features from the original features. Many feature selection algorithms have been proposed in classical data analysis, but very few in symbolic data analysis (SDA) which is an extension of the classical data analysis, since it uses rich objects instead to simple matrices. A symbolic object, compared to the data used in classical data analysis can describe not only individuals, but also most of the time a cluster of individuals. In this paper we present an unsupervised feature selection algorithm on probabilistic symbolic objects (PSOs), with the purpose of discrimination. A PSO is a symbolic object that describes a cluster of individuals by modal variables using relative frequency distribution associated with each value. This paper presents new dissimilarity measures between PSOs, which are used as feature selection criteria, and explains how to reduce the complexity of the algorithm by using the discrimination matrix.
Key-insulated aggregate signature

In order to minimize the damage caused by key exposure in aggregate signatures, a key-insulated aggregate signature scheme is proposed in this paper. We give the definition and the security model of the key-insulated aggregate signature. We also construct a concrete key-insulated aggregate signature scheme that meets our definition. Our scheme has the properties of efficient verification and short signature length. We prove the security of our scheme in the random oracle model under the computation Diffie-Hellman assumption.
A potentiometric cobalt-based phosphate sensor based on screen-printing technology

A potentiometric cobalt-based screen-printing sensor was fabricated by electroplating cobalt on the surface of a screen-printing electrode as the sensitive layer for the determination of dihydrogenphosphate (H_2PO_4~–) in wastewater samples. The electrochemical performance of this sensor was fully examined to determine its detection calibration, detection limit, response time, selectivity, and interference with pH, various ions, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The cobalt-based phosphate sensor showed a phosphate-selective potential response in the range of 10~(–5) mol·L~(–1) to 10~(–1) mol?L~(–1), yielding a detection limit of 3.16 × 10~(–6) mol?L~(–1)and a slope of – 37.51 mV?decade~(–1) in an acidic solution (pH 4.0) of H_2PO_4~–. DO and pH were found to interfere with sensor responses to phosphate. Ultimately, the performance of the sensor was validated for detecting wastewater samples from the Xiaojiahe Wastewater Treatment Plant against the standard spectrophotometric methods for H_2PO_4~– analysis. The discrepancy between the two methods was generally ±5% (relative standard deviation). Aside from its high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, which are comparable with conventional bulk Co-wire sensors, the proposed phosphate sensor presents many other advantages, such as low price, compactness, ease of use, and the possibility of integration with other analytical devices, such as flow injectors.
Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management in Chinese villages

Problems treating sewage in rural areas in China have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, only 6% of rural areas had spray drainage and wastewater treatment systems by the end of 2010. It is necessary to assess the technologies currently used so that sewage treatment in rural areas can be developed appropriately, to provide reliable and affordable wastewater treatment, in these areas. We evaluated the sewage treatment technologies currently used in rural areas by conducting case studies on 62 facilities that had each been operating for at least one year. Our study was carried out between 2009 and 2011, and the aim was to assess the situation during that period and assess any problems involved in decentralized sewage treatment in villages. We found that decentralized sewage treatment is the most popular wastewater treatment method in villages, and that the most common primary treatment technology used in rural areas is the septic tank. Our investigation highlights the need to establish standards for assessing effluent quality, including a range of target pollutants. Our results also show that effluents should be reused to meet the local environmental requirements in different areas, especially in ecologically sensitive areas.
Engineering application of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment in China: Current state and future prospect

China has been the forerunner of large-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) application. Since the first large-scale MBR (≥10 000 m~3·d~(–1)) was put into operation in 2006, the engineering implementation of MBR in China has attained tremendous development. This paper outlines the commercial application of MBR since 2006 and provides a variety of engineering statistical data, covering the fields of municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and polluted surface water treatment. The total treatment capacity of MBRs reached 1 × 10~6 m~3·d~(–1) in 2010, and has currently exceeded 4.5 × 10~6 m~3·d~(–1) with ~75% of which pertaining to municipal wastewater treatment. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic-MBR and its derivative processes have been the most popular in the large-scale municipal application, with the process features and typical ranges of parameters also presented in this paper. For the treatment of various types of industrial wastewater, the configurations of the MBR-based processes are delineated with representative engineering cases. In view of the significance of the cost issue, statistics of capital and operating costs are also provided, including cost structure and energy composition. With continuous stimulation from the environmental stress, political propulsion, and market demand in China, the total treatment capacity is expected to reach 7.5 × 10~6 m~3·d~(–1) by 2015 and a further expansion of the market is foreseeable in the next five years. However, MBR application is facing several challenges, such as the relatively high energy consumption. Judging MBR features and seeking suitable application areas should be of importance for the long-term development of this technology.
A control scheme with performance prediction for a PV fed water pumping system

This paper focuses on modeling and performance predetermination of a photovoltaic (PV) system with a boost converter fed permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor-centrifugal pump load, taking the converter losses into account. Sizing is done based on the maximum power generated by the PV array at the average irradiation. Hence optimum sizing of the PV array for the given irradiation at the geographical location of interest is obtained using the predetermined values. The analysis presented here involves systems employing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) as they are more efficient than directly coupled systems. However, the voltage and power of the motor might rise above rated values for irradiations greater than the average when employing MPPT, hence a control scheme has been proposed to protect the PMDC motor from being damaged during these conditions. This control scheme appropriately chooses the optimum operating point of the system, ensuring long-term sustained operation. The numerical simulation of the system is performed in Matlab/Simulink and is validated with experimental results obtained from a 180 V,0.5 hp PMDC motor coupled to a centrifugal pump. The operation of the system with the proposed control scheme is verified by varying the irradiation levels and the relevant results are presented.