mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
N_2 fixation rate and diazotroph community structure in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean

In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate (~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure (using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean (WTNP) (13°-20°N, 120°-160°E).Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current (Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013.We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate (calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged (1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with <10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly (88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E.Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d) and 480 μmol/(m~2·d) (average (225±105) μmol/(m~2·d).N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP.The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations.
Predicting accurate cathode properties of layered oxide materials using the SCAN meta-GGA density functional

Layered lithium intercalating transition metal oxides are promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Here, we scrutinize the recently developed strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) density functional method to study structural, magnetic,and electrochemical properties of prototype cathode materials LiNiO_2, LiCoO_2, and LiMnO_2 at different Li-intercalation limits. We show that SCAN outperforms earlier popular functional combinations, providing results in considerably better agreement with experiment without the use of Hubbard parameters, and dispersion corrections are found to have a small effect. In particular, SCAN fares better than Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional for the prediction of band-gaps and absolute voltages, better than PBE +U for the electronic density of states and voltage profiles, and better than both PBE and PBE+U for electron densities and in operando lattice parameters. This overall better performance of SCAN may be ascribed to improved treatment of localized states and a better description of short-range dispersion interactions.
Materials structure genealogy and high-throughput topological classification of surfaces and 2D materials

Automated and verifiable structural classification for atomistic structures is becoming necessary to cope with the vast amount of information stored in various computational materials databases. Here we present a general recursive scheme for the structural classification of atomistic systems and introduce a structural materials map that can be used to organize the materials structure genealogy. We also introduce our implementation for the automatic classification of two-dimensional structures, especially focusing on surfaces and 2D materials. This classification procedure can automatically determine the dimensionality of a structure,further categorize the structure as a surface or a 2D material, return the underlying unit cell and also identify the outlier atoms, such as adsorbates. The classification scheme does not require explicit search patterns and works even in the presence of defects and dislocations. The classification is tested on a wide variety of atomistic structures and provides a high-accuracy determination for all of the returned structural properties. A software implementation of the classification algorithm is freely available with an opensource license.
Aeolian processes on sandy desertification of an alpine meadow: A wind tunnel experiment

In recent years, the desertification of alpine meadows has become a serious ecological problem and has gradually become a threat to regional economic activities in Maqu County. To reveal the mechanism for sandy desertification of alpine meadows, we conducted wind tunnel experiments on aeolian processes over sandy alpine meadows. Results show that the sandflux profile of mix-sized sediment decays exponentially with increasing height. However, the profile pattern of a group of uniform-sized particles depends on the experimental wind speeds. The profile pattern of all the groups studied can be expressed by exponential decay functions when the wind speed is less than or equal to 16 m/s. while that for all the groups studied can be expressed by a Gaussian distribution function when the wind speed is above 16 m/s. The average saltation heights of mixed sands at wind speeds of 12 m/s, 16 m/s, 20 m/s, and 24 m/s were 2.74, 4.19, 5.28, and 6.12 cm, respectively. The mean grain size basically first decreases and then increases with increasing height under different wind speeds. The sorting improves with increasing wind speed, while the kurtosis and skewness show relationships with only the characteristics of the parent soil.
Characteristics of permafrost degradation in Northeast China and its ecological effects: A review

Latitudinal permafrost in Northern Northeast(NNE) China is located in the southern margin of the Eurasian continent, and is very sensitive to climatic and environmental change. Numerical simulations indicate that air temperature in the permafrost regions of Northeast China has been on the rise since the 1950s, and will keep rising in the 21st century, leading to extensive degradation of permafrost. Permafrost degradation in NNE China has its own characteristics, such as northward shifts in the shape of a "W" for the permafrost southern boundary(SLP), discontinuous permafrost degradation into islandlike frozen soil, and gradually disappearing island permafrost. Permafrost degradation leads to deterioration of the ecological environment in cold regions. As a result, the belt of larch forests dominated by Larix gmelinii has shifted northwards and wetland areas with symbiotic relationships with permafrost have decreased significantly. With rapid retreat and thinning of permafrost and vegetation change, the CO_2 and CH_4 flux increases with mean air temperature from continuous to sporadic permafrost areas as a result of activity of methanogen enhancement, positively feeding back to climate warming. This paper reviews the features of permafrost degradation, the effects of permafrost degradation on wetland and forest ecosystem structure and function, and greenhouse gas emissions on latitudinal permafrost in NNE China. We also put forward critical questions about the aforementioned effects, including:(1) establish long-term permafrost observation systems to evaluate the distribution of permafrost and SLP change, in order to study the feedback of permafrost to climate change;(2) carry out research about the effects of permafrost degradation on the wetland ecosystem and the response of Xing'an larch to global change, and predict ecosystem dynamics in permafrost degradation based on long-term field observation;(3) focus intensively on the dynamics of greenhouse gas flux in permafrost degradation of Northeast China and the feedback of greenhouse gas emissions to climate change;(4) quantitative studies on the permafrost carbon feedback and vegetation carbon feedback due to permafrost change to climate multi-impact and estimate the balance of C in permafrost regions in the future.
内镜诊治儿童胰胆管合流异常合并胰腺分裂伴罕见解剖变异一例

胰胆管合流异常(pancreaticobiliary maljunction,PBM)是指胰胆管汇合部位位于十二指肠壁外或汇合部形态和解剖发生先天性异常的一种情况.而胰腺分裂(pancreas divisum,PD)是胰腺最常见的先天性解剖异常,由胚胎发育时期腹侧胰管与背侧胰管融合失败所致.本文报道1例3岁患儿在ERCP下证实同时存在3种胆胰管解剖异常,除PBM合并PD外,在背侧胰管与胆总管末端之间还存在罕见的交通支,内镜下成功治疗.
羊水淤泥样沉积物的临床意义

羊水淤泥样沉积物是羊膜腔内靠近宫颈管内口的致密团状淤泥样、稍高回声沉积物,可随孕妇体位改变而移动。研究表明,羊水淤泥样沉积物与病理妊娠有密切关系,与羊膜腔微生物入侵和组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎有关。此外,羊水淤泥样沉积物是早产的独立危险因素,对早产有一定的预测作用。因此其有望成为病理妊娠诊断、治疗及预后评估的一项重要参考指标。
Are humic substances soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds? A perspective on their distinctiveness

Humic substances (HS),which are defined as a series of highly acidic,relatively high-molecular-weight,and yellow to black colored substances formed during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains,ubiquitously occur in nature.Humic substances represent the largest stable organic carbon pool in terrestrial environments and are the central characteristic of the soil.However,the validity of the HS concept and the justification of their extraction procedure have been recently debated.Here,we argue that the traditional humic paradigm is still relevant.Humic substances are distinctive and complex because the extracted HS formed during the humification are chemically distinct from their precursors and are heterogeneous among soils.By reviewing the concept,formation pathways,and stabilization of HS,we propose that the key question facing soil scientists is whether HS are soil microbial residues or unique synthesized compounds.Without revealing the distinctiveness of HS,it is impossible to address this question,as the structure,composition,and reactivity of HS are still poorly known owing to the heterogeneity and geographical variability of HS and the limits of the currently available analytical techniques.In our view,the distinctiveness of HS is fundamental to the soil,and thus further studies should be focused on revealing the distinctiveness of HS and explaining why HS hold this distinctiveness.
Impact of living mulch on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in orchards across China:A meta-analysis examining climatic,edaphic,and biotic dependency

The use of living mulch in orchards is a widely accepted management strategy for improving soil quality and enhancing tree productivity.Although the effects of living mulch on soil organic carbon (C) and nutrients have been previously investigated,changes in the stoichiometric ratios of C,soil total nitrogen (N),and soil total phosphorous (P) under different climatic,edaphic,and biotic conditions are currently unknown.These factors are important indicators of elemental balance associated with ecological interactions.In order to examine the effects of living mulch in orchards on soil C:N:P stoichiometry under different conditions,a meta-analysis was undertaken.The results showed that in general,living mulch significantly (P <0.05) increased C:P and N:P ratio,while the impact on C:N ratio was not significant,a result that was related to the coupled increase of C and N.Phosphorous limitation occurred shortly after the addition of living mulch;after four years this effect receded.In contrast,an increase in C occurred simultaneously with N increase at all stages.Specifically,the treatment effect was context-dependent.The living mulch did not change soil stoichiometry in orchards with old trees (>10 years),an occurrence which may be related to changes in the amount of fungi.Grass life history also had a significant influence on the treatment effect on soil stoichiometry,while N-fixing characteristics did not.The treatment effect was significant in areas with moderate mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation,which might be related to the litter ratio of grass and trees.Effects on stoichiometric ratios were significant in the top soil layer (0-20 cm),in contrast to the deep soil layers.Therefore,grass species and management practices,such as fertilization,should be selected according to the specific soil and climatic conditions of the management area.
肝右前叶下段及右后叶上段结节———请分析病变性质

综上所述,本例患者同时患有SHC及ICC,极为罕见,术前诊断困难,而SHC的CT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性,其更多的影像学表现特征还有待后续收集病例做深入分析及总结。
丘脑底核功能解剖的研究进展

帕金森病是一种常见的慢性中老年神经系统变性疾病。其主要病理特征为中脑黑质纹状体系统多巴胺能神经元变性缺失和路易小体形成,临床主要表现为静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直、姿势和步态异常等运动症状及一系列非运动症状。目前,帕金森病多采用对症治疗,治疗方法主要为内科药物、外科手术及其他辅助康复相结合的综合治疗方法,以减缓临床症状。因为丘脑底核是帕金森病患者接受脑深部电刺激术采用最多的核团,所以本文对丘脑底核深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病进行综述,主要讨论丘脑底核的解剖、定位和神经环路等。
加速康复外科模式下Chiari畸形患者围手术期物理治疗的康复疗效观察

Chiari畸形(amold-Chiari malformation,CM),又称小脑扁桃体下疝畸形,是一种较常见的颅颈交界区先天畸形。本病确切的发病机制目前尚不明确。常于青壮年时期发病,呈进行性发展,可并发脊髓空洞症(syringomyelia, SM)。如干预不及时可造成不可逆的残疾。主要表现为小脑扁桃体向下移位,穿过枕骨大孔疝人椎管内或伴延髓和第四脑室延长下移,从而引起一系列症状,产生延髓、上颈段、颅神经、颈神经、小脑受累和颅内压增高表现。目前常规治疗主要采用外科手术。近年来随着多临床学科交叉的发展,加速康复外科(enhance recovery after surgery,ERAS)的理念被提出并不断丰富和发展。从2016年1月起我院为研究ERAS模式对CM患者的疗效,针对Chiari畸形手术患者制定了详细的物理治疗方案。本文从实际临床工作出发,对2016年1月-2017年1月我院神经外科收治的85例CM患者随机进行了物理治疗。加速康复外科模式下CM患者实施围手术期物理治疗训练,取得了一定疗效,现报告如下。
虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者手功能康复效果的meta分析

目的:循证评价虚拟现实技术促进脑卒中患者偏瘫手功能康复的有效性。方法:检索国内外有关虚拟现实手功能训练与常规手训练对比治疗脑卒中患者偏瘫手运动障碍的临床随机对照试验。两位研究者独自完成筛选文献、提取资料、评价偏倚风险后,运用RevMan软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入12篇临床随机对照试验。结果显示,试验组与对照组Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表腕/手评分具有显著性差异[WMD=2.41(95%CI=0.21, 4.61)],改良Barthel指数具有显著性差异[WMD=8.12(95%CI=3.42, 12.81)],握力(kg)无显著性差异[WMD=1.10(95%CI=-1.73, 3.93)],JHFT手功能测试完成任务时间无显著性差异[WMD= 9.17(95%CI=-21.34, 39.69)]。结论:虚拟现实手功能训练能有效提高脑卒中患者偏瘫手运动功能及日常生活活动能力,并比常规手功能训练更有效。但二者在改善患者手部肌力方面差异不明显。受纳入文献质量及样本量限制,仍需开展更高质量的临床随机对照试验进行研究。
Intra-Oceanic Subduction of the Paleo–Asian Oceanic Slab:New Evidence from the Early Carboniferous Quartz Diorite in the Diyanmiao Ophiolite

Late Paleozoic supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type ophiolites and intra-oceanic arc igneous petrotectonic assemblages are developed in the Erenhot—Hegenshan suture zone (EHSZ) in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which contains information about the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) in the eastern CAOB. However, there are two main views and associated controversies about the closure time of the PAO in the eastern CAOB, which are "collision suture from Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous" and "final suture from Late Permian to Early Triassic". In recent years, the Dahate intra-oceanic arc quartz diorite was newly discovered in the Diyanmiao SSZ-type ophiolite of the EHSZ, which indicates that the PAO developed intra-oceanic subduction in the Early Carboniferous. Therefore, the zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Dahate quartz diorite were examined in this study to provide a new basis for the subduction and extinction time of the PAO in the eastern CAOB.
Organic Geochemical and Petrographic Characteristics of the Coal Measure Source Rocks of Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin:Implications for Coal Measure Gas Potential

Coal measure source rocks, located in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, were analyzed to define the hydrocarbon generation potential, organic geochemistry/petrology characteristics, and coal preservation conditions. The Pinghu source rocks in the Xihu Sag are mainly gas-prone accompany with condensate oil generation. The coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation are classified from “fair” to “excellent” source rocks with total organic carbon (TOC) contents ranging from 25.2% to 77.2% and 1.29% to 20.9%, respectively. The coals are richer in TOC and S1+S2 than the shales, indicating that the coals have more generation potential per unit mass. Moreover, the kerogen type of the organic matter consists of types Ⅱ-Ⅲ and Ⅲ, which the maturity Ro ranges from 0.59% to 0.83%. Petrographically, the coals and shales are dominated by vitrinite macerals (69.1%–96.8%) with minor proportions of liptinite (2.5%–17.55%) and inertinite (0.2%–6.2%). The correlation between maceral composition and S1+S2 indicates that the main contributor to the generation potential is vitrinite. Therefore, the coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation has good hydrocarbon generation potential, which provided a good foundation for coal measure gas accumulation. Furthermore, coal facies models indicates that the Pinghu coal was deposited in limno-telmatic environment under high water levels, with low tree density (mainly herbaceous) and with low-moderate nutrient supply. Fluctuating water levels and intermittent flooding during the deposition of peat resulted in the inter-layering of coal, shale and sandstone, which potentially providing favorable preservation conditions for coal measure gas.
Pore Structure and Permeability Characterization of High-rank Coal Reservoirs: A Case of the Bide-Santang Basin, Western Guizhou, South China

The methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry (MIP), and gas-water relative permeability (GWRP) were used to reveal the pore structure and permeability characteristics of high-rank coal reservoirs in the Bide-Santang basin, western Guizhou, South China, to provide guidance for coalbed methane (CBM) exploration and exploitation and obtain direct insights for the development of CBM wells. The results indicate that the coal reservoirs in the study area are characterized by well-developed adsorption pores and poorly developed seepage pores. The bimodal NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) spectra and the mutation in the fractal characteristic of the MIP pore volume indicate poor connectivity between the adsorption pores and the seepage pores. As a result, the effective porosity is relatively low, with an average of 1.70%. The irreducible water saturation of the coal reservoir is relatively high, with an average of 66%, leading to a low gas relative permeability under irreducible water saturation. This is the main reason for the low recovery of high-rank CBM reservoirs, and effective enhanced CBM recovery technology urgently is needed. As a nondestructive and less time-consuming technique, the NMR is a promising method to quantitatively characterize the pores and fractures of coals.
Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shale Oil Reservoir Spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Cenozoic continental strata of the Bohai Bay Basin are rich in shale oil resources, and they contain various types of reservoir spaces that are controlled by complex factors. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), automatic mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS), CO_2 and N_2 gas adsorption, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), the types of shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin are summarized, the spatial distribution and connectivity of the various types of pores are described in detail, the microscopic pore structures are characterized, and the key geological mechanisms affecting the formation and evolution of the reservoir spaces are determined. Three conclusions can be drawn in the present study. First, the shale reservoir spaces in the Bohai Bay Basin can be divided into three broad categories, including mineral matrix pores, organic matter pores, and micro fractures. Those spaces can be subdivided into seven categories and fourteen sub-categories based on the distribution and formation mechanisms of the pores. Second, the complex pore-throat structures of the shale reservoir can be divided into two types based on the shape of the adsorption hysteresis loop. The pore structures mainly include wedge-shaped, flat slit-shaped, and ink bottle-shaped pores. The mesopores and micropores are the main contributors to pore volume and specific surface area, respectively. The macropores provide a portion of the pore volume, but they do not significantly contribute to the specific surface area. Third, the factors controlling the development of microscopic pores in the shale are complex. The sedimentary environment determines the composition and structure of the shale and provides the material basis for pore development. Diagenesis controls the types and characteristics of the pores. In addition, the thermal evolution of the organic matter is closely related to inorganic diagenesis and drives the formation and evolution of the pores.
健康体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染与血糖、血脂代谢的关系

选取2018年1月至2019年1月在宁夏回族自治区人民医院3 141名健康体检人群为研究对象,依据~(14)C-尿素呼气试验结果将健康体检者分为H. pylori阳性组(1 308名)和H. pylori阴性组(1 833名)。收集两组研究对象相关资料,应用Logistic回归模型分析影响H. pylori感染的相关因素。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,性别、年龄、血糖水平、三酰甘油水平是影响H. pylori感染的主要危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为1.338(1.060 ~ 1.689)、1.323(1.156 ~ 1.515)、2.026( 1.413 ~ 2.905)、1.539 (1.201 ~ 1.927)均<0.05]。H. pylori感染可能影响健康体检人群血糖、血脂的代谢,根治H. pylori可能减少代谢异常,从而预防心脑血管疾病和糖尿病的发生。
Testing the distance-duality relation with the baryon acoustic oscillations data and type Ia supernovae data

In this letter, the cosmic distance-duality relation has been constrained with a model-independent method by combining the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data and the type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) data. The results show that this relation is consistent with the observational data in the 68.27% error range, except for the instance of Union 2.1 plus BAO with the statistic errors only, where the relation is consistent with the observations in the 95.45% error range. To study the result of the uncertainty of the Hubble constant on the investigation of this relation,we treat the dimensionless Hubble constant h as a free parameter and get that the observational data favors the relation in the 68.27% error range. And then h has been marginalized and the results support that this relation is favored by the observations in the 68.27% error range too.
PT-symmetry berry phases, topology and PT-symmetry breaking

We study the complex Berry phases in non-Hermitian systems with parity-and time-reversal (PT ) symmetry. We investigate a kind of two-level system with PT symmetry. We find that the real part of the the complex Berry phases have two quantized values and they are equal to either 0 or π, which originates from the topology of the Hermitian eigenstates. We also find that if we change the relative parameters of the Hamiltonian from the unbroken-PT-symmetry phase to the broken-PT-symmetry phase, the imaginary part of the complex Berry phases are divergent at the exceptional points. We exhibit two concrete examples in this work, one is a two-level toys model, which has nontrivial Berry phases; the other is the generalized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model that has physical loss and gain in every sublattice. Our results explicitly demonstrate the relation between complex Berry phases, topology and PT-symmetry breaking and enrich the field of the non-Hermitian physics.
颈椎前路椎体骨化物化复合体可控前移融合术的关键技术和并发症预防

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)是由骨化物压迫造成脊髓神经损害的脊柱韧带肥厚性疾病,好发于亚洲人种40岁以上人群,发生率在东亚地区约为1.0%~4.6%。手术是目前治疗OPLL的主要方法。1969年,Boni等尝试用多节段椎体次全切除术(multiple subtotal corpectomies)治疗颈椎管狭窄症,后来该术式演变为颈前路椎体次全切除术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF),成为前路治疗OPLL的主要方法。1977年,Hirabayashi提出单开门椎管扩大椎板成形手术,后经不断改良,最终作为后路治疗OPLL的主要术式得到广泛应用。传统前后路手术各有所长,总体而言,前路减压效果确切,但手术难度大,硬膜和脊髓损伤的风险较高;后路手术安全性好、操作简单,但减压有赖于脊髓向后漂移,不能实现直接减压。近年来,史建刚等采用颈椎前路椎体骨化物复合体可控前移融合术(anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion surgery,ACAF)治疗OPLL。该术式通过将颈椎骨化物及其前方椎体一并向腹侧提拉,在实现脊髓前方直接减压的同时规避了直接切除骨化物的相关风险和并发症,临床随访疗效满意。现将ACAF的操作流程进行贯序介绍,并对确保减压充分的关键技术进行阐释。
FDMs for the PDEs of Option Pricing Under DEV Models with Counterparty Risk

In this paper we study the option pricing problem under dynamic elasticity of variance (DEV) model with counterparty risk. The counterparty risk induces a drop in the asset price and the asset can still be traded after this default time. There are no explicit solutions for the value function of the options. The value functions are governed by two joint partial differential equations (PDEs) which are connected at the default time. The PDEs are discretized by the finite difference methods (FDMs) and the second-order convergence rates both in time and space are derived. Numerical examples are carried out to verify the convergence results.
喉罩麻醉后颅神经并发症

自Archie Brain医师1981年发明喉罩以来,以喉罩为代表的声门上气道工具在全身麻醉中的应用日渐普遍,其使用比率近50%,使用范围也从择期手术扩展到了急救以及困难气道处理,喉罩已成为临床麻醉中重要的气道工具之一。随着使用量的增加和使用范围的延展,与喉罩使用相关的并发症也逐渐受到关注,这其中既包括暂时性的咽喉疼痛等轻微并发症,也包括误吸等严重并发症。关于颅神经损伤的并发症虽然报道较少,但此类并发症的特殊性却需要引起临床麻醉医师的重视。