mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Carbonaceous aerosol in ambient air: Parallel measurements between water cyclone and carbon analyzer

A water cyclone, developed to collect and preserve biological aerosols in a small liquid flow, was interfaced with a total organic carbon analyzer to measure the aerosol organic and inorganic carbon fractions. The total carbon was compared against parallel measurements of elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) using a Sunset Real Time ECOC Analyzer between 12–29 January 2009. A National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) like protocol for the measurements included four temperature steps ending at 840 ◦ C for OC under a helium atmosphere followed by two temperature steps ramped to 850 ◦ C for EC in a helium–oxygen atmosphere. Carbon data comparison between the water cyclone-TOC and the TOC measured by the analyzer indicated good agreement(r~2 = 0.82, linear regression slope = 0.98, p < 0.001). Analyses of the relationship between total water organic carbon and OC, investigated using data sets from case studies spanning two different events, suggested it was possible to distinguish between the primary and secondary sources.
Synthesis of SiC@Al_2O_3 core–shell nanoparticles for dense SiC sintering

Owing to the difficulty for dense SiC sintering, high sintering temperatures and pressures are usually needed. Lowering the sintering temperature by adding Al_2O_3 as a sintering additive has previously been shown to be beneficial. However, traditional addition methods limit the effect of the Al_2O_3 owing to inhomogeneous mixing at the nanoscale. A SiC@Al_2O_3 composite nanoparticle with a core–shell structure is designed and prepared using the slow co-precipitation method. The differences between this method and the traditional mechanical ball milling method are interpreted by different experimental parameters, such as temperature, pressure, amount of additive, and mixing type. It is found that the method of slow co-precipitation enables homogeneous mixing of Al_2O_3 and SiC at a smaller scale, and makes the sintered SiC much denser and more homogeneous, when compared with the traditional method. The parameters of sintering at 1900 ◦ C and 30 MPa for 30 min are recommended. The conclusions here are also beneficial for the sintering research of other ceramic materials.
胰腺实性假乳头状瘤自发性破裂出血一例

讨论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopaillary neoplasm of the pancreas,SPN)是一种低度恶性的实体肿瘤,好发于20 ~ 30岁女性,无特异临床症状,破裂出血发生概率为2.7%,多与外伤相关,SPN自发性破裂少见,其原因可能是随肿瘤增长,内部实性成分发生退变、坏死及囊性变,瘤体自身有内出血倾向,瘤体内出血量急剧增加时,囊内压力骤增而自发性破裂出血。有报道孕妇分娩后出现破裂出血,因此腹内压的突然降低也可能是SPN自发性破裂出血的因素之一。本例肿瘤后壁破裂,因此其合并腰背部疼痛症状。SPN预后较好,不完整切除和肿瘤破裂出血是术后复发的高危因素,因此本例行肿瘤完整切除,同时术中行大量灭菌生理盐水冲洗腹腔,以减少腹腔种植导致复发、转移的发生。
子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究现状

子宫颈癌是威胁女性健康的常见妇科恶性肿瘤之一,持续性高危型HPV感染与子宫颈癌的发生、发展密切相关,通过免疫治疗途径相继出现了预防性和治疗性HPV疫苗。迄今,已有3种预防性HPV疫苗得到批准并广泛使用,均显示出高效性和安全性,但无法消除已经存在的HPV感染;治疗性HPV疫苗的研发也已取得了新的进展,包括活载体疫苗、多肽和蛋白质疫苗、核酸疫苗以及细胞疫苗等。这些疫苗具有巨大的治疗潜力,但仍处于基础研究和临床试验阶段,实际应用有限。本文回顾了子宫颈癌HPV疫苗的研究进展和应用情况,总结各种疫苗的优点和不足之处,分析疫苗的应用前景,旨在为中国人研发原创型子宫颈癌HPV疫苗奠定基础。
Experimental Investigation of the Electromagnetically Induced-Absorption-Like Effect for an N-Type Energy Level in a Rubidium BEC

We study the electromagnetically induced-absorption-like (EIA-like) effect for an n-type system in an ~(87)Rb Bose– Einstein condensate (BEC) using the absorption imaging technique for coupling and driving lasers operating at the D_1 and D_2 lines of ~(87)Rb. The coherent effect is probed by measuring the number of atoms remaining after the BEC is exposed to strong driving fields and a weak probe field. The absorption imaging technique accurately reveals the EIA-like effect of the n-type system. This coherent effect in an n-type system is useful for optical storage, tunable optical switching, and so on.
Rapid damage mapping and loss data collection for natural disasters: Case study from Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand

On November 14, 2016 (NZDT), a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck the northeast coast of the South Island in New Zealand. A tsunami swept onto the coastlines with wave-heights of 2.5 m at Kaikoura. This earthquake is the largest event in the region since a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that occurred 100 km to the northeast in October 1848. The days immediately following a natural disaster are particularly challenging for authorities and aid organisations who need to make decisions relating to deployment and distribution of resources. Rapid Damage Mapping (RDM) is a tool developed by Tonkin+ Taylor International Limited (T+TI) whereby integrated disaster mapping information is assembled within the first 24 to 72 hrs of an event. The Committee on Data of the International Council for Science (CODATA) Task Group of Linked Open Data for Global Disaster Risk Research (LODGD) organized ChinaGEOSS portal to access TripleSat and JL-1 satellite images immediately following the devastating Kaikoura earthquake. An internet based Project Orbit portal was set up for use by all response and recovery organisations in New Zealand. While the recent RDM response work was largely reactive in nature, the data set compiled during this work provides a valuable resource, presenting opportunities to apply a more proactive and refined approach to similar RDM work in the future. The recent RDM work provides valuable insight into key vulnerabilities that evolved after the earthquake, and helped to identify more than 10,000 landslips in the area.
Decentralized Control for Residential Energy Management of a Smart Users’ Microgrid with Renewable Energy Exchange

This paper presents a decentralized control strategy for the scheduling of electrical energy activities of a microgrid composed of smart homes connected to a distributor and exchanging renewable energy produced by individually owned distributed energy resources. The scheduling problem is stated and solved with the aim of reducing the overall energy supply from the grid, by allowing users to exchange the surplus renewable energy and by optimally planning users’ controllable loads. We assume that each smart home can both buy/sell energy from/to the grid taking into account time-varying non-linear pricing signals. Simultaneously, smart homes cooperate and may buy/sell locally harvested renewable energy from/to other smart homes. The resulting optimization problem is formulated as a non-convex non-linear programming problem with a coupling of decision variables in the constraints. The proposed solution is based on a novel heuristic iterative decentralized scheme algorithm that suitably extends the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to a non-convex and decentralized setting. We discuss the conditions that guarantee the convergence of the presented algorithm. Finally, the application of the proposed technique to a case study under several scenarios shows its effectiveness.
Taxonomic review of the ant genus Dilobocondyla from China (Hymenoptera:Formicidae),with a revised key to the known species

Three species of the myrmicine ant genus Dilobocondyla are recognized in China:D.gaoyureni,D.fouqueti and D.rufida sp.nov.The new species is described based on the worker and the gyne castes,and can be distinguished from the others by the relatively shorter petiole and the obvious bicolored body.A revised key to the known species of the world based on worker caste is presented.
Interaction effect of nitrogen form and planting density on plant growth and nutrient uptake in maize seedlings

High planting density is essential to increasing maize grain yield. However, single plants suffer from insufficient light under high planting density. Ammonium (NH_4~+) assimilation consumes less energy converted from radiation than nitrate (NO_3~-). It is hypothesized that a mixed NO_3~-/NH_4~+ supply is more important to improving plant growth and population productivity under high vs. low planting density. Maize plants were grown under hydroponic conditions at two planting densities (low density: 208 plants m~(-2) and high density: 667 plants m~(-2)) and three nitrogen forms (nitrate only, 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ and ammonium only). A significant interaction effect was found between planting density and N form on plant biomass. Compared to nitrate only, 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ increased per-plant biomass by 44% under low density, but by 81% under high density. Treatment with 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ increased plant ATP, photosynthetic rate, and carbon amount per plant by 31, 7, and 44% under low density, respectively, but by 51, 23, and 95% under high density. Accordingly, carbon level per plant under 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ was improved, which increased leaf area, specific leaf weight and total root length, especially for high planting density, increased by 57, 17 and 63%, respectively. Furthermore, under low density, 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ increased nitrogen uptake rate, while under high density, 75/25NO_3~-/NH_4~+ increased nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and iron uptake rates. By increasing energy use efficiency, an optimum NO_3~-/NH_4~+ ratio can improve plant growth and nutrient uptake efficiency, especially under high planting density. In summary, an appropriate supply of NH_4~+ in addition to nitrate can greatly improve plant growth and promote population productivity of maize under high planting density, and therefore a mixed N form is recommended for high-yielding maize management in the field.
Polyaspartic acid mediates the absorption and translocation of mineral elements in tomato seedlings under combined copper and cadmium stress

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) is a nontoxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly polymer and is widely used as a fertilizer synergist in agricultural production. In many old orchards and vegetable gardens, highly fertile soil is often accompanied by severe heavy metal contamination. The present study was designed to investigate mineral element interactions mediated by PASP under copper (Cu)+cadmium (Cd) combined stress to provide reasonable suggestions for scientific fertilization. A pot experiment was conducted in which tomato seedlings served as plant materials. A concentration of 700 mg L~(-1) PASP and foliar spraying application methods were selected based on previous experiments. Four treatments were applied: normal soil (control (CK)), Cu+Cd (combined stress), Cu+Cd+PASP, and normal soil+PASP. The plant biomass, root activity, and mineral elements were measured, and these data were analyzed by Data Processing System (DPS) statistical software. The results showed that, under Cu+Cd combined stress, PASP promoted stem diameter growth, root activity and chlorophyll content and ultimately increased the biomass of tomato seedlings to different degrees. Moreover, the content of both Cu and Cd and their individual accumulation in plants decreased. PASP increased the distribution of Cu and Cd in the roots under Cu+Cd combined stress, and the translocation ability from the roots to shoots was significantly restricted. With respect to essential elements, PASP promoted mainly the absorption and translocation of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), which greatly exerted physiological roles. However, the variation trends of Cu and Cd under normal soil conditions contrasted with those under stress conditions. With respect to essential elements other than K, Ca, and Mg, PASP mostly restrained their absorption but promoted their translocation. The regulatory mechanism of PASP differed between the combined stress conditions and normal soil conditions. Under the combined stress conditions, PASP seemed to mainly promote these advantageous factors that exert physiological regulatory functions. Under normal soil conditions, PASP mainly acted as a biological stimulant or signaling molecule for increased nutrient efficiency, which caused greater biomass productivity.
Soil fixation and erosion control by Haloxylon persicum roots in arid lands, Iran

Vegetation roots contribute to soil fixation and reinforcement, thus improving soil resistance against erosion. Generally, the amount of soil fixation presented by roots mainly depends on root density and tensile strength. In the present study, we conducted the research in order to further understand the biotechnical properties of Haloxylon persicum and also to quantify its role in increasing soil cohesion in arid lands of Iran. Ten H. persicum shrubs were randomly selected for root distribution and strength investigations, in which five samples were set on flat terrain and other five samples on a moderate slope terrain. The profile trench method was used to assess the root area ratio (RAR) as the index of root density and distribution. Two profiles were dug around each sample, up and downslope for sloped treatment and north and south sides for flat treatment. The results showed that RAR increased with increasing soil depth and significantly decreased in 40-50 cm layers of downhill (0.320%) and 50-60 cm for uphill (0.210%). The minimum values for the northward and southward profiles were 0.003 %and 0.003%, respectively, while the maximum values were 0.260 %and 0.040%, respectively. The relationship between the diameter of root samples and root tensile strength followed a negative power function, but tensile force increased with increasing root diameter following a positive power function. The pattern of increased cohesion changes in soil profile was relatively similar to RAR curves. The maximum increased cohesion due to the presence of roots in uphill and downhill sides were 0.470 and 1.400 kPa, respectively. In the flat treatment, the maximum increased cohesions were 0.570 and 0.610 kPa in northward and southward profiles, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that wind and slope induced stresses did not have any significant effect on the amount of increased cohesion of H. persicum. The findings served to develop knowledge about biotechnical properties of H. persicum root system that can assist in assessing the efficiency of afforestation and restoration measures for erosion control in arid lands.
Eco-physiological studies on desert plants: germination of Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch. seeds under different conditions

With the aim to investigate if the halophyte Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch. can be suitable for re-vegetation and remediation of salt-affected lands, this study evaluated (1) the effects of photoperiod, thermoperiod, storage period and wings' presence on its seed germination, and (2) the ability of its seeds to have successful germination recovery after salt stress. Germination tests in different photoperiods (12 h light/12 h darkness and total darkness) and thermoperiods (15°C/20°C and 20°C/25°C) were conducted for seeds collected in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The seeds collected in 2016 were sown under different salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl) to assess the salinity tolerance during the germination. Wings' presence highly inhibited seed germination of this species in both photoperiods and thermoperiods under all salinity level treatments. In addition, the germination recovery occurred well when seeds were deprived of their wings. The photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness and the thermoperiod of 15°C/20°C were the best conditions for seed germination. Germination percentages of H. iraqensis seeds decreased with the increasing storage duration, especially after three years of the collection. In addition, H. iraqensis seeds were able to germinate under different salinity levels, and their germination percentages decreased with increasing salinity levels. H. iraqensis seeds have the ability to recover their germination after alleviating the salt stress, irrespective of photoperiod, highlighting the halophilous character of this species.
Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years

The countries of Central Asia are collectively known as the five ''-stans'': Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. In recent times, the Central Asian region has been affected by the shrinkage of the Aral Sea, widespread desertification, soil salinization, biodiversity loss, frequent sand storms, and many other ecological disasters. This paper is a review article based upon the collection, identification and collation of previous studies of environmental changes and regional developments in Central Asia in the past 30 years. Most recent studies have reached a consensus that the temperature rise in Central Asia is occurring faster than the global average. This warming trend will not only result in a higher evaporation in the basin oases, but also to a significant retreat of glaciers in the mountainous areas. Water is the key to sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid regions in Central Asia. The uneven distribution, over consumption, and pollution of water resources in Central Asia have caused severe water supply problems, which have been affecting regional harmony and development for the past 30 years. The widespread and significant land use changes in the 1990s could be used to improve our understanding of natural variability and human interaction in the region. There has been a positive trend of trans-border cooperation among the Central Asian countries in recent years. International attention has grown and research projects have been initiated to provide water and ecosystem protection in Central Asia. However, the agreements that have been reached might not be able to deliver practical action in time to prevent severe ecological disasters. Water management should be based on hydrographic borders and ministries should be able to make timely decisions without political intervention. Fully integrated management of water resources, land use and industrial development is essential in Central Asia. The ecological crisis should provide sufficient motivation to reach a consensus on unified water management throughout the region.
Treatment of hydroxyquinone-containing wastewater using precipitation method with barium salt

Hydroxyquinone compounds, such as 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone and alizarin sulfonate, are widely used in dye manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and other industries. However, the treatment of hydroxyquinone-containing wastewater has seldom been examined. This study used a precipitation method with barium salt to treat nano-silver industrial wastewater. The results show that barium chloride was a suitable reagent for significantly degrading COD and color from nano-silver wastewater. When the initial pH value was 10.5, 8 g of BaCl2·2H_2O were added to 100 mL of wastewater. After reaction at 15°C for 1 h, the removal efficiencies of COD and color in the nano-silver wastewater were 85.6% and 97.1%, respectively. Simulated wastewater containing sodium alizarin-3-sulfonate (ARS) or purpurin was used to further investigate the removal mechanism of hydroxyquinone compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and some related experiments showed that hydroxyquinone compounds can directly react with barium ions in the solution so as to transfer from wastewater to precipitate. In addition, the newly produced barium sulfate particles have positive surface charges, which can improve the removal efficiency of hydroxyquinone compounds due to electrostatic attraction.
Structure instability-induced high dielectric properties in [001]-oriented 0.68Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3–0.33PbTiO_3 crystals

The structure evolution and origin of ultrahigh dielectric properties have been investigated in the low temperature range from 300 K to 5 K for [001]-oriented 0.68Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3–0.33PbTiO_3 (PMN–33PT) crystal. The experimental results reveal that a short-range ordered monoclinic MA is the dominant phase at ambient temperature. As the temperature drops below 270 K, the MA transforms into monoclinic MC, and the MC remains stable until 5 K. Although no phase transition occurs from 5 K to 245 K, polar nanoregions (PNRs) display visible changes. The instability of PNRs is suggested as responsible for the low temperature relaxation. The ultrahigh dielectric constant at room temperature is associated with the instability of local structure and phase transition. Our research provides an insight into the design of high-performance ferroelectric materials.
Preparation and photoelectric properties of cadmium sulfide quantum dots

Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are widely used in solar cells, light emitting diodes, photocatalysis, and biological imaging because of their unique optical and electrical properties. However, there are some drawbacks in existing preparation techniques for CdS QDs, such as protection of inert gas, lengthy reaction time, high reaction temperature, poor crystallinity, and non-uniform particle size distribution. In this study, we prepared CdS QDs by liquid phase synthesis under ambient room temperature and atmospheric pressure using sodium alkyl sulfonate, CdCl_2, and Na_2S as capping agent, cadmium, and sulfur sources respectively. This technique offers facile preparation, efficient reaction, low-cost, and controllable particle size. The as-prepared CdS QDs exhibited good crystallinity, excellent monodispersity, and uniform particle size. The responsivity of CdS QDs-based photodetector is greater than 0.3 μA/W, which makes them suitable for use as ultra-violet (UV) detectors.
Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of methane into methanol and formic acid over ZnO/graphene/polyaniline catalyst

ZnO/graphene/polyaniline (PANI) composite is synthesized and used for photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of methane under simulated sun light illumination with ambient conditions. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of pure ZnO, ZnO/graphene, ZnO/PANI, and ZnO/graphene/PANI photoanodes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamerometry (J-t) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The yields of methane oxidation products, mainly methanol (CH_3OH) and formic acid (HCOOH), catalysed by the synthesized ZnO/graphene/PANI composite are 2.76 and 3.20 times those of pure ZnO, respectively. The mechanism of the photoelectrocatalytic process converting methane into methanol and formic acid is proposed on the basis of the experimental results. The enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity of the ZnO/graphene/PANI composite can be attributed to the fact that graphene can efficiently transfer photo-generated electrons from the inner region to the surface reaction to form free radicals due to its superior electrical conductivity as an inter-media layer. Meanwhile, the introduction of PANI promotes solar energy harvesting by extending the visible light absorption and enhances charge separation efficiency due to its conducting polymer characteristics. In addition, the PANI can create a favorable p-conjunction structure together with graphene layers, which can achieve a more effective charge separation. This research demonstrates that the fabricated ZnO/graphene/PANI composite promises to implement the visible-light photoelectrocatalytic methane oxidation.
Transport properties of topological nodal-line semimetal candidate CaAs_3 under hydrostatic pressure

We report the transport properties of the CaAs_3 single crystal, which has been predicted to be a candidate for topological nodal-line semimetals. At ambient pressure, CaAs_3 exhibits semiconducting behavior with a small gap, while in some crystals containing tiny defects or impurities, a large “hump” in the resistivity is observed around 230 K. By applying hydrostatic pressure, the samples appear to a tendency towards metallic behavior, but not fully metallized up to 2 GPa. Further high pressure studies are needed to explore the topological characteristics for CaAs_3.