mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
我国的药物滥用形势与干预策略

1药物滥用的国际形势及危害随着世界经济贸易一体化的发展,人们在享受物质繁荣带来极大便利的同时,也面临着药物滥用、艾滋病等问题的威胁。世界范围内,药物滥用问题(俗称“吸毒”)正严重影响着人类的健康和安全。据联合国毒品与犯罪问题办公室(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC)发布的最新世界毒品报告(World Drug Report,WDR)显示,在2012年,估计15-64岁的世界人口中有2.43亿人(1.62-3.24亿,占3.5%到7.0%)在上一年至少使用过一次非法毒品,主要毒品种类为大麻、阿片类、苯丙胺类兴奋剂和可卡因等。其中,大麻仍是使用最多的毒品,2012年大麻的使用者达1.78亿(1.25-2.27亿),而苯丙胺类兴奋剂(amphetamine type stimulants, ATS)是继大麻之后滥用严重程度居第二位的毒品,2012年使用人数达3440万(1394-5481万),尤其是近年来包括我国在内的东南亚,该类毒品的滥用形势显著增加。另外,据UNODC统计,近年来新出现大量新精神活性物质,其数量在2013年12月已高达348种,明显超过了受国际管制的精神活性物质的种类数量(234种),持续增加的新精神活性物质继续对国际禁毒形势构成挑战。
炎症性肠病免疫抑制剂治疗与淋巴瘤发生的研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种终身性的反复发作的肠道炎症性疾病, 包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)与Crohn病(CD)。IBD的传统治疗方法之一是免疫抑制剂治疗, 该疗法可使许多IBD患者病情达到长期缓解效果, 因此, 被临床广泛应用。免疫抑制剂包括硫唑嘌呤、 6-巯基嘌呤、 环孢霉素A、 氨甲蝶呤等。随着免疫抑制剂的广泛使用, 其毒副作用日渐暴露, 免疫抑制剂相关淋巴瘤的案例越来越多。本文综述了免疫抑制剂治疗IBD与淋巴瘤发生关系、 可能机制及免疫抑制剂临床治疗参考。
丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液治疗脑梗死的疗效及对血清中Fibulin-5、 vWF和P-选择素的影响

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对脑梗死患者的临床疗效及其对血清中扣针蛋白(Fibulin)-5、血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)和P-选择素(P-selectin)的影响。方法128例脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组64例应用常规方法治疗,观察组64例在常规治疗基础上加用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液。于治疗前、后应用酶联免疫吸附实验对血清中Fibulin-5、vWF和P-selectin的表达进行检测。结果治疗14 d后,观察组梗死灶和美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分的变化值明显高于对照组。观察组治疗后血清中Fibulin-5、vWF和P-selectin的下降值明显高于对照组。结论丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对脑梗死的疗效明显,且能有效下调血清中Fibulin-5、vWF和P-selectin的含量,减少其诱导的相关级联反应,优化内环境。
未溶栓脑梗死患者发生自发性出血性转化的危险因素及预后

目的分析脑梗死后未接受溶栓治疗的患者发生自发性出血性转化的危险因素。方法选择120例该院诊断为脑梗死但未进行溶栓治疗的患者作为观察对象,根据是否发生自发性出血分为出血组与未出血组,采用回顾性方法记录相关信息,筛选出影响出血发生的相关因素,应用Logistic回归分析进行多因素回归分析,并随访3个月对其预后进行比较。结果120例患者中有20例(16.7%)患者发生自发性出血转化。单因素分析显示出血组患者心房颤动、脑白质病变、抗凝治疗、大面积脑梗死、入院收缩压及美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)评分均高于未出血组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示既往心房颤动,存在脑白质病变,进行抗凝治疗,大面积脑梗死是脑梗死后自发性出血转化发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。未出血组与出血组患者的总有效率分别为70.0%、90.0%,两组间比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论既往心房颤动,存在脑白质病变,进行抗凝治疗,大面积脑梗死是未溶栓脑梗死患者自发性出血转化发生的独立危险因素,且出血性转化影响患者预后。
Multi-hop routing for energy-efficiency enhancement in relay-assisted device-to-device communication

Financial and environment considerations present new trends in wireless network known as green communication. As one of the most promising network architectures, the device-to-device (D2D) communication should take seriously account to the energy-efficiency. Most of the existing work in the area of D2D communication only focus on the direct communication, however, the direct link D2D communication has to be limited in practice because of long distance, poor propagation medium and cellular interference, etc. A new energy-efficient multi-hop routing algorithm was investigated for multi-hop D2D system by jointly optimizing channel reusing and power allocation. Firstly, the energy-efficient multi-hop routing problem was formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. Secondly, to obtain a desirable solution with reasonable computation cost, a heuristic multi-hop routing algorithm was presented to solve the formulated problem and to achieve a satisfactory energy-efficiency performance. Simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed routing algorithm.
Intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture

Because the single channel surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals easily caused a complex operation during the real-time operation, an intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture was proposed in this paper. A distributed parallelly decision fusion algorithm fused classification results of the two signals to form a final judgment. After sEMG was decomposed by wavelet packet, feature information of some subspace was weaken, because subspace dimension was very large. To solve the problem, the paper proposed an improved wavelet packet decomposition algorithm, which extracted sample entropy from four subspaces of improved wavelet packet decomposition and took it as the feature information. Experimental results show that the intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture has not only a simple operation and shorter operating time, but also a better stability and security.
自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎重叠综合征MRI表现一例

本例AIH-PBC-PSC重叠综合征患者MRI平扫主要表现为肝脏体积增大,有别于病毒性肝硬化的肝脏体积减小表现。肝实质内见多发肝硬化结节,结节间可见长T_2信号纤维间隔网,此征象可能与肝纤维增生及炎性渗出有关。门静脉周围可见异常长T_2信号,门静脉增粗,脾脏明显增大,门静脉增粗及脾脏体积增大与肝硬化门静脉高压、自身免疫功能紊乱有关。有研究显示AIH患者表现为肝外门静脉周围异常信号,与门静脉周围水肿有关;PBC患者表现为肝内门静脉周围异常信号,与炎性细胞浸润有关。MR胰胆管成像示胆总管尚可显示,肝总管、左右肝管显影淡,走行僵硬,粗细不均,局部可见狭窄,肝内2、3级胆管显示不清,肝内胆管周围可见条状、网状高信号。肝总管、左右肝管显影淡,肝内2、3级胆管显示不清与PBC肝脏淤胆或胆汁分泌减少有关;肝内胆管周围的异常网状高信号与肝内纤维增生及炎性渗出有关。有学者报道,PSC患者MR胰胆管成像主要表现为肝外胆管粗细不均,呈串珠样改变, 本例表现与之相符。
A Stochastic Electrothermal Degradation Model of Power Cables

In this paper a methodology is proposed to model the stochastic electro-thermal degradation accumulation in cables. The cable life and the reliability are predicted by estimating the accumulated electro-thermal degradation during seasonal load cycles. The degradation is considered, in a novel approach, as stochastic in nature due to variations in the manufacturing process of insulation raw material and in operational and environmental conditions. The methodology is based on estimation of life by using combined electro-thermal life model, simulation of degradation accumulation process under electro-thermal stress in each season of the year based on Miner's cumulative damage theory and reliability prediction from a probabilistic point of view. A case study is demonstrated on 10 kV XLPE cables which are directly buried in the UK and China.Results show that, the electro-thermal life of the cable is 56 and 69 years in China and the UK, respectively at 50% failure probability, or the life of the cable in the UK would be 13 years longer than in China, when other stresses such as mechanical and environmental are also considered and assumed to be the same.
Space Charge Behaviours in Polyethylene Under Combined AC and DC Electric Fields

Polyethylene is one of the widely studied polymeric insulation materials, which have been used extensively for cable insulation. One of the major issues related to polymeric materials is its easy formation of space charge, a high chance to cause electric field distortions. This phenomenon is more significant under high voltage direct current (HVDC) stresses. Space charge can also be observed under high voltage alternative current (HVAC)stresses but with much less intensity due to the limited charge injection period and the effect of charge recombination caused by the constantly variance of the external fields. When considering the situation of an AC voltage combined with a DC offset, a possible scenario in HVDC technology, there was little research on charge dynamics in the insulation in terms of both experimental and simulation work. In this paper, a numerical simulation based a bipolar charge injection/transport model is used to obtain characteristics of space charge in polyethylene under the combined AC and DC high voltage at room temperature. The bipolar charge injection/transport model, which is widely used in HVDC space charge simulation, is applied in the combined conditions. The overall applied voltage, consisted of root mean square (RMS) values of the AC voltage and DC voltage, is kept the same, while the DC component's voltage ratio and AC component's frequency are changed respectively, to illustrate their effects on the space charge dynamics within the insulation under combined electric fields. The simulated charge distributions present notable differences when DC offset is increasingly added in, while relatively small differences when AC component's frequency altering, especially for the cases whose frequency exceeding 0.5 Hz.
Review of the Residual Life Assessment of High-voltage Cables by Means of Bottom-up and Top-down Analysis-Dutch Experience

Medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) power cables constitute an important role for the continuous energy delivery to the customers. Despite a network redundancy, high reliability of the cable connections is necessary to maintain required network reliability. During the past period, the cable production technology has been a subject to a continuous change. For that reason, utilities around the world operate a number of cable types in their networks. Particularly, in the Netherlands, the distribution grid is constructed only with cables. Moreover, parts of the transmission grid also consist of HV power cables. The cable connections being in operation for a period of over 30 years suffered from different stresses during their service time. This continuous stressing results in gradual decrease of operational abilities and inevitable failure occurrence. In the period from 2008 to 2014, in the High-Voltage Group at TU Delft, several research projects on the reliability of MV and HV power cables of different types have been run. The current article contains a detailed review of the work that has been done. In each case, the problem description together with the applied methodologies and obtained results is presented. At the end of the paper, the suggestions for future researchers are made.
Polymeric HVDC Cable Systems—Dealing with Interfaces

The developments in power transmission via HVDC networks are fast, especially in Western Europe and China. The challenges that we are confronted with are huge and considerable research and development efforts are required. Special attention is needed for high voltage direct current (HVDC) and ultra-high voltage dc (UHVDC) underground cables. For the highest voltage levels, we are still dependent upon classic technology based on mass-impregnated paper used in line commutated converter (LCC) systems. Gradually, more and more polymeric type cables are appearing on the market, as yet mainly for voltage source converter (VSC) systems. For financial, environmental and technical reasons the full focus is now on polymeric type cables, for use in LCC or VSC systems. In this paper, a closer look is taken at the interfaces in polymeric cable systems, i.e. in the cables and in the cable accessories. In the design process, we are challenged by the presence of interfaces from an electrical and thermal point of view. In the field of electrical insulation, the interfaces between different materials are generally considered the weakest parts of the equipment and under DC stresses the situation becomes even more complex due to the charge dynamics at the interface. Indeed, the design of (U)HVDC accessories has become a challenge if not a problem. This paper focuses on some of the important electrical and thermal aspects of interfaces in HVDC polymeric cables. It is discussed where we lack knowledge and where we may benefit from other scientific fields.
HPLC测定西藏不同海拔、不同直径喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的:建立喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱含量测定的HPLC法,考察海拔和生长年限对药材中胡芦巴碱含量的影响。方法:采用Agilent Porlaris-NH_2色谱柱,流动相乙腈-水(87: 13),检测波长264 nm,测定不同海拔、不同直径的喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱的含量。以同一地点的药材直径大小反映药材生长年限的长短。结果:胡芦巴碱浓度在1.0109 ~ 101.9 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r = 0.9997 ;平均加样回收率95.7%,RSD为1.12%(n=9)。海拔2 900 m药材中胡芦巴碱含量为171.5 mg/kg,海拔3 630 m以上药材平均含量为267.3 mg/kg;拉萨市药材直径从1.5 -7.5 cm,胡芦巴碱含量依次为309.26、319.86、173.85、197.91 mg/kg。结论:喜马拉雅紫茉莉药材中胡芦巴碱的含量与海拔、药材生长年限有关,海拔较高的药材含量较高;药材生长到一定年限后,胡芦巴碱含量显著下降。
地黄脱毒试管苗大田直接移栽技术研究

目的:建立地黄脱毒试管苗适时直接移栽人大田的技术体系,提高脱毒地黄规模化生产的效率。方法:将长有5 ~6片叶的地黄生根试管苗采用不同浇水方式、不同时间段和不同遮阳处理进行移栽,对移栽的试管苗及时搭建塑料薄膜小拱棚进行保湿,10 d左右进行逐渐打孔透气适应于大气环境条件。结果:大气温度19 -24 ℃ ,地温17 ~23 ℃,移栽前浇水(土壤含水量为13% ~ 14%),地黄脱毒试管苗不经过炼苗,直接移人防虫网棚苗圃地栽培,移栽成活率达92%以上,25 d平均叶片增量1.85片/株;30 ~ 34 ℃高温条件造成拱棚膜下环境高温高湿,采用50%的遮阳处理,移栽成活率77.78% ~ 89.72%,试管苗生长健壮,25 d平均叶片增量1.65 ~ 1.75片/株。结论:建立了高效的地黄脱毒试管苗大田直接移栽技术体系,适用于大批量和工厂化地黄组培快繁苗移栽。
浙江省养老机构对养老护理员知识及核心能力需求的调查

目的了解养老机构对养老护理员知识及核心能力的需求状况,为长期照护人才的培养提供参考。方法采用自设问卷对浙江省165所养老机构的管理者及1 107名养老护理员进行调查。结果生活照料、心理支持等6项是养老护理员的主要岗位工作,生活照料、职业道德等13项内容是养老护理员需要掌握的知识,有效沟通能力等8项能力是养老护理员应具备的核心能力,对其知识及核心能力的要求评分均>4.0分。结论养老机构对养老护理员知识及能力有特异性需求,对养老机构养老护理员需以岗位需求及知识、核心能力需求为导向进行教育及培养,以适应养老机构老年人照护需求。
新型彩头输液管用于多通道微量泵静脉输注的模拟实验研究

目的探讨新型彩头输液管在多通道微量泵静脉输注时识别的准确性、效率,降低微量泵用药风险及提高抢救效率。方法模拟微量泵静脉输注试验,设实验组和对照组,各组1个操作站,各有5台微量泵,2个操作站所用药物一致。对照组采用5根传统微量泵输液管连接注射器与三通,实验组采用新型彩头微量泵输液管连接注射器与三通。结果对照组受试者完成所有药物与三通一一对应所用时间为(45.2±18.4)s,平均每种药物对应所需时间为(9.0±3.7)s,实验组用时分别为(15.7±3. l)s和(3.1± 0.7)s;对照组91.95%受试者将药物与三通对应操作完全准确,实验组为99.66%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论新型彩头输液管能提高工作效率,保证微量泵用药的安全性和准确性,有助于降低医疗风险和提高抢救效率;且操作方便快捷。
改良第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的探讨携带指固有神经背侧支并切断桡神经浅支的改良第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法2011年6月-2013年2月,应用携带指固有神经背侧支并切断桡神经浅支的改良第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损28例,并重建指腹感觉。男18例,女10例;年龄18 ~58岁,平均32.4岁。致伤原因:机器挤伤15例,绞伤6例,压砸伤4例,切割伤3例。指腹缺损范围:2.5 cm × 2.0 cm ~ 4.5 cm ×3.0 cm。 结果28例皮瓣全部成活,随访8~25个月,平均18.3个月,拇指功能及外观恢复满意,指腹感觉S_3~+,静止两点辨别觉4.1 ~ 6.3 mm,平均5.0 mm,皮瓣质地柔软,无臃肿,弹性好,无明显色素沉着及瘢痕挛缩,供区无瘢痕挛缩及感觉障碍等并发症。末次随访时,按照手指总主动活动度(TAM)法评定,优21指,良7指,优良率为100%,按照Michigan手外科问卷评定患者对拇指术后外观的满意度评定,非常满意20例,满意8例。结论携带指固有神经背侧支并切断桡神经浅支的改良第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损,具有一次性完成软组织覆盖及重建指腹感觉的优点,术后供、受区功能满意,是治疗指腹缺损并重建指腹感觉的有效方法。
纯静脉皮瓣临床应用25例体会

目的总结游离移植纯静脉皮瓣的特点,探讨在软组织缺损中的应用及疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2013年3月收治且获得随访的25例纯静脉皮瓣修复手指和手背软组织缺损病例资料,对皮瓣外观、浅感觉及患指的活动度进行评价。结果25例均获随访4~18个月,平均8个月。术后2周,23例纯静脉皮瓣完全成活,2例皮瓣大部分成活,周缘出现2 ~ 4 mm淤黑,经换药后脱痂愈合。皮瓣成活后4周左右色泽逐渐偏暗,质地较前变硬,外观仍饱满,早期予功能锻炼后皮瓣弹性有改善。皮瓣修复指腹侧及指背软组织缺损病例均有10° ~ 20°活动受限,以跨指间关节腹侧皮瓣为重。皮瓣浅感觉、触觉部分恢复,5例存在感觉过敏现象。末次随访时根据中华医学会手功能评定标准评定疗效,优良率为84%。 结论纯静脉游离皮瓣是一种修复软组织缺损的简单、良好方法,因其为纯静脉供血,具有低灌注、适用于手背及手指中近节创面修复等优点。
带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足跟后区组织缺损

目的探讨带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植一期修复足跟后区组织缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析采用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植一期修复足跟后区组织缺损16例,男11例,女5例,年龄15 ~ 55岁。其中9例为跟腱合并足跟后区皮肤缺损(其中7例合并胫、腓骨骨折),7例为跟腱、足跟后区皮肤合并跟骨骨折或部分跟骨缺损(其中5例合并股骨及胫骨干骨折),足跟后区组织缺损面积7.0 cm × 10.5 cm ~ 9.0 cm × 12.0 cm,采用带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复。皮瓣切取范围8.5 cm × 11.5 cm ~ 10.0 cm × 13.0 cm,髂胫束的切取长度6.0 ~ 10.0 cm,宽度3.0 ~ 5.0 cm,将髂胫束内外侧缘内翻缝合成腱状形成双层髂胫束重建跟腱,旋股外侧动脉降支及伴行静脉分别与胫后动、静脉进行吻合。结果16例皮瓣均成活,创面均一期愈合,无感染及血管危象发生。术后平均1年半随访,Thompson征阴性,双单足提踵试验阴性,无跟腱再断裂、足跟区皮肤破溃等并发症发生。结论带髂胫束的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足跟后区组织缺损成活率高,临床效果好。
表述性实验报告的书写指导

书写实验报告对于学生来说是个综合性的作业,是对实验过程及其成果总结的形式之一。认真书写实验报告,能够促进实验课教学质量的提高,为学生提供了更大的自主学习空间,为今后临床资料采集、病历书写、科研资料搜集和加工、科学论文撰写提供了锻炼机会,也为培养创新意识和实事求是的科学精神,以及基本技能训练建立了承载平台。与形态和行为研究相关的学科根据自己的需求和实验进程来自主采集实验资料,未确定因素较多,用表述性的实验报告书写形式较为合适。以下以局部解剖学及腧穴解剖学为例,总结表述性实验报告书写的基本项目、规则、技术和注意要点。
钕铁硼电镀锌故障处理

本公司在对新开发的45UH磁性材料进行滚镀锌后,镀层表面出现很多宏观的小凹坑、粗糙不平,且缺角较为严重,达不到客户的要求。为此,对所有工序进行了排查和分析,排除了故障。
China's landscape in oncology drug research: perspectives from research collaboration networks

Objective: Better understanding of China's landscape in oncology drug research is of great significance for discovering anti-cancer drugs in future. This article differs from previous studies by focusing on Chinese oncology drug research communities in co-publication networks at the institutional level. Moreover, this research aims to explore structures and behaviors of relevant research units by thematic community analysis and to address policy recommendations. Methods: This research used social network analysis to define an institutions network and to identify a community network which is characterized by thematic content. Results: A total of 675 sample articles from 2008 through 2012 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database of Web of Science, and top institutions and institutional pairs are highlighted for further discussion. Meanwhile, this study revealed that institutions based in the Chinese mainland are located in a relatively central position, Taiwan's institutions are closely assembled on the side, and Hong Kong's units located in the middle of the Chinese mainland's and Taiwan's. Spatial division and institutional hierarchy are still critical barriers to research collaboration in the field of anti-cancer drugs in China. In addition, the communities focusing on hot research areas show the higher nodal degree, whereas communities giving more attention to rare research subjects are relatively marginalized to the periphery of network. Conclusions: This paper offers policy recommendations to accelerate cross-regional cooperation, such as through developing information technology and increasing investment. The brokers should focus more on outreach to other institutions. Finally, participation in topics of common interest is conducive to improved efficiency in research and development (R&D) resource allocation.
Effect of Cone Angle on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Globe Control Valve

Globe control valve is widely used in chemical, petroleum and hydraulic industries, and its throttling feature is achieved by the adopting of valve plug. However, very limited information is available in literature regarding the influence of valve plug on the internal and external features in globe control valves. Thus the effect of valve plug is studied by CFD and experiment in this paper. It is obtained from external features that the pressure drop between upstream and downstream pressure-sampling position increases exponentially with flow rate. And for small valve opening, the increment of pressure drop decreases with the increase of cone angle (β). However, with the increase of valve opening, the effect of cone angle diminishes significantly. It is also found that the cone angle has little effect on flow coefficient (C_v) when the valve opening is larger than 70%. But for the cases less than 70%, C_v curve varies from an arc to a straight line. The variation of valve performance is caused by the change of internal flow. The results of internal flow show that cone angle has negligible effect on flow properties for the cases of valve opening larger than 70%. However, when valve opening is smaller than 70%, the pressure drop of orifice decreases with the increase of β, making the reduction in value and scope of the high speed zone around the conical surface of valve plug, and then results in a decreasing intensity of adjacent downstream vortex. Meanwhile, it is concluded from the results that the increase of cone angle will be beneficial for the anti-cavitation and anti-erosion of globe control valve. This paper focuses on the internal and external features of globe control valve that caused by the variation of cone angle, arriving at some results beneficial for the design and usage of globe control valve.
猪肉生产过程中质量损耗分析与预冷过程优化

中国是世界第一肉类生产大国,却不是肉类加工强国,存在产业加工率低、质量安全保障程度不高等重大问题。为此,要实现企业猪肉的利用最大化,就需控制影响猪肉质量的诸多因素,以保证猪肉品质量的安全,减少不同生产阶段猪肉质量的损耗。
A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study on Intravenous Cefazedone Sodium in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

Background: As a time-dependent antibiotic, the time of cefazedone concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the key pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) variable associated with the killing of pathogens. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical regimen rationality of intravenous cefazedone sodium in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by PK/PD study. Methods: Ten patients with mild to moderate CAP were enrolled to receive intravenous cefazedone sodium (2 g q12 h) for 7-14 days. Blood samples were collected in any day during day 5-7. Sputum specimens were collected before treatment for bacteria isolated, and susceptibility to cefazedone determined. PK-PD analysis was performed using the noncompartmental analysis of Phoenix WinNolin software (version 6.1,Pharsight Corporation, CA, USA). The maximal time above MIC (fT > MIC) was calculated, and its correlation with clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results: All 10 patients completed the study and 8 of them were cured. Six strains were isolated from patients before treatment (one for each patient) and all susceptible to cefazedone. Five patients of six in culture positive group were cured. All pathogens were cleared at the end of therapy. The MICs were between 0.25 and 1 mg/L. The main PK parameters were C_(max) 175.22 ± 36.28 mg/L; T_(1/2) 1.52 ± 0.23 h; AUC_((0-∞)) 280.51 ± 68.17 mg?L~(-1)?h~(-1); CL 7.37 ± 1.84 L/h; Vd 16.06 ± 4.42 L. The average fT > MIC was 55.45 ± 8.12%. Conclusions: Intravenous injection of cefazodone sodium with 2 g q12 h dosage regimen is used in the treatment of CAP caused by sensitive bacteria, either fT > MIC or clinical efficacy shows that such dosing regimen is reasonable.
Single-site Baseline and Short-term Outcomes of Clinical Characteristics and Life Quality Evaluation of Chinese Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration Patients in Routine Clinical Practice

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the older population. In China, treatment of age-related ocular diseases is becoming a priority in eye care services. This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and quality of life of Chinese patients with wet AMD and current treatment types, to evaluate short-term gains in different treatments, and to investigate associations between visual function and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL). Methods: A prospective, observational, noninterventional study was conducted. Basic data were collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of wet AMD before clinical assessments at baseline. VRQoL was measured with the Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). Correlations of the NEI VFQ-25 subscale scores with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and between-group differences were analyzed. Results: A total of 80 wet AMD patients were enrolled, with the mean age of 68.40 years. About one-quarter of wet AMD patients received intravitreal (IVT) ranibizumab treatment, and 67% of them were treated on a pro re nata basis. The visual acuity of patients treated with IVT ranibizumab at month 3 after treatment was significantly increased, whereas patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine achieved no significant improvement. Cronbach's a for the NEI VFQ-25 subscales ranged from 0.697 to 0.843. Eight subscale and overall composite scores were moderately correlated with the BCVA of the better-seeing eye. Significant differences in the overall NEI VFQ-25 scores and other subscales were observed between patients with BCVA in the better-seeing eye of less than 50 letters and the others. Conclusions: Patients treated with IVT ranibizumab experienced better vision improvement at short-term follow-up. The Chinese version of the NEI VFQ-25 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the VRQoL of Chinese wet AMD patients.
A CASCADIC MULTIGRID ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING THE FIEDLER VECTOR OF GRAPH LAPLACIANS

In this paper, we develop a cascadic multigrid algorithm for fast computation of the Fiedler vector of a graph Laplacian, namely, the eigenvector corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue. This vector has been found to have applications in fields such as graph partitioning and graph drawing. The algorithm is a purely algebraic approach based on a heavy edge coarsening scheme and pointwise smoothing for refinement. To gain theoretical insight, we also consider the related cascadic multigrid method in the geometric setting for elliptic eigenvalue problems and show its uniform convergence under certain assumptions. Numerical tests are presented for computing the Fiedler vector of several practical graphs, and numerical results show the efficiency and optimality of our proposed cascadic multigrid algorithm.
冠状动脉易损斑块的影像学研究进展

冠状动脉易损斑块是急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)的病理学基础,早期识别易损斑块并给予有针对性的治疗,有利于减少主要不良心脏事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)的发生。影像学是临床评估易损斑块的可靠方法。近年来,随着影像学技术的不断发展,临床诊断易损斑块的准确性大大提高,为临床早期诊断和识别冠状动脉易损斑块提供了更准确的方法。本文对冠状动脉易损斑块影像学评价方法的研究现状进行系统阐述。
Impact of the fracture on low-order guided waves in long bone

Using ultrasonic guided waves to assess long bone fractures and fracture healing has become a promising diagnostic issue. But the multimode overlap of the guided waves challenges the quantitative evaluation and clinical application. In the preformed study, in order to simplify the signal interpretation, the low-frequency sinusoidial signals were used to only excite SO and AO modes in fractured long bones. The amplitudes of SO and AO modes were numerically analyzed with variation in crack width and fracture angle. Numerical simulation, based on the two-dimension finite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) reveals that both SO and AO amplitudes decrease with the fracture widening. However, the increase in fracture angle gradually enhances the AO amplitude, while with respect to the SO mode, its amplitude shows a non-monotonic trend to the variation in fracture angle with a turning point around 45°. The amplitude ratio between SO and AO can reflect the variations in crack width and fracture angles. The simulation illustrates that ultrasonic guided SO and AO modes are sensitive to the degree of both vertical and oblique fractures in the long cortical bone. These findings may be helpful for fractures diagnosis and healing evaluation of the long bone.