mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High-performance magnesium ion asymmetric Ppy@FeOOH//Mn_3O_4 micro-supercapacitor

Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are attractive electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their high power density and extended cycling stability. However, relatively low areal energy density still hinders their practical applications. Here, an asymmetric Mg ion MSC with promising high energy density is fabricated. Firstly, indium tin oxide(ITO)NWs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition as the excellent current collector. Subsequently, nanostructured Mn_3O_4 and Ppy@FeOOH were deposited on the laser-engraved interdigital structure ITO NWs electrodes as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Beneficial from the hierarchical micro-nano structures of active materials, high conductive electron transport pathways, and charge-balanced asymmetric electrodes, the obtained MSC possesses a high potential window of 2.2 V and a high areal capacitance of 107.3 mF cm~(-2) at 0.2 mA cm~(-2). The insitu XRD, VSM, and ex-situ XPS results reveal that the primary energy storage mechanism of Mg ions in negative FeOOH electrode is Mg ions de-/intercalation and phase transition reaction of FeOOH. Furthermore, the MSC exhibits a high specific energy density of 71.18 lWh cm~(-2) at a power density of 0.22 mWh cm~(-2) and capacitance retention of 85% after 5000 cycles with unvaried Coulombic efficiency. These results suggest promising applications of our MSC in miniaturized energy storage devices.
Analysis of 3.4 Ah lithium-sulfur pouch cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Despite great progress in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries, the electrochemical reactions in the cell are not yet fully understood. Electrode processes, complex interfaces and internal resistance may be characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). EIS is a non-destructive technique and easy to apply, though there are challenges in ensuring the reproducibility of measurements and the interpretation of impedance data. Here, we present the impedance behavior of a 3.4 Ah Li-S pouch cell characterized by EIS. The impedance changes were analyzed over the entire depth-of-discharge, depth-of-charge,and at various temperatures. Based on the formation of intermediates during(dis)charging, the changes of resistances are observed. Overall, the increase in temperature causes a decrease in electrolyte viscosity,lowering the surface energy which can improve the penetration of the electrolyte into the electrode pores. Moreover, the effect of superimposed AC current during EIS measurement was analyzed, and the results show the dependence of the charge transfer resistance on superimposed AC current which was lower compared to steady-state conditions and consents with theory.
ZIF-derived holey electrode with enhanced mass transfer and N-rich catalytic sites for high-power and long-life vanadium flow batteries

Electrode materials with good redox kinetics, excellent mass transfer characteristics and ultra-high stability play a crucial role in reducing the life-cycle cost and prolonging the maintenance-free time of the vanadium flow batteries(VFB). Herein, a nitrogen-doped porous graphite felt electrode(N-PGF)is proposed by growing ZIF-67 nanoparticles on carbon fibers and then calcinating and acid etching. The multi-scale structure of ''carbon fiber gap(electrolyte flow), micro/nano pore(active species diffusion)and Nitrogen active center(reaction site)" in N-PGF electrode effectively increases the catalytic sites and promotes mass transfer characteristics. Reasonable electrode design makes the battery show excellent rate performance and ultra-high cycling stability. The peak power density of the battery reaches 1006 mW cm~(-2). During 1000 cycles at 150 mA cm~(-2), the average discharge capacity and average discharge energy of N-PGF increase substantially by 11.6% and 23.4% compared with the benchmark thermal activated graphite felt, respectively. More excitingly, after ultra-long term(5000 cycles)operation at an ultra-high current density(300 mA cm~(-2)), N-PGF exhibits an unprecedented energy efficiency retention(99.79%)and electrochemical performance stability.
Effect of ultramicropores and inner space of carbon materials on the capacitive sodium storage performance

Carbon materials have been widely investigated as the anode materials for Na~+ storage due to their moderate capacity, good stability,and low cost. The Na~+ storage mechanisms of carbon are generally classified into diffusion-controlled interlayer insertion/ desertion and capacitive-controlled surface adsorption/desorption [1]. Thereinto, capacitive behavior shows robust electrochemical kinetics, which can meet the increasing demand for high-rate devices(eg. Na~+ ion capacitors)[2,3]. As pores are the dominant active sites for Na~+ adsorption/desorption, previously, various porous carbon materials have been developed, exhibiting remarkably high capacitive and rate performance [4]. N2 adsorptiondesorption at 77 K(N2 method)was usually utilized to study the specific surface area and porous structure of carbons [5,6]. It is generally believed that large surface area contributed by pores, especially ultramicropores, is beneficial for capacitive sodium storage [4,7-10]. However, some carbon materials also show good capacitive Na~+ storage performance, while their specific surface areas cannot support such high capacitances(Table S1). The crucial problem has not been well explained till now.
New insight on correlation between the electrochemical stability and the thermal stability of high nickel cathode materials

Cycle stability and thermal safety are critical to the commercialization of nickel-rich layered materials,yet whether there is a potential correlation between these two factors is still controversial. Herein, the relationship between the cycle stability and thermal stability of nickel-rich cathode materials have been systematically studied through five different calcination temperatures of Li[Ni_(0.8)3Co_(0.1)2Mn_(0.05)]O_2(NCM83)cathode materials. The research results confirm that the cycle stability and thermal safety of nickel-rich cathode materials do not necessarily show a positive correlation. Actually, with the calcination temperature elevated, the thermal stability of the NCM83 is enhanced, while the cycle stability is degraded. This opposite correlation is not commonly reported in previous literatures. In this work, systematical characterizations demonstrate that under the experimental conditions, the capacity retention of NCM83 is mainly determined by the Li/Ni cation disorder and H2-H3 irreversible phase transition,which is optimal at lower calcination temperature. Meanwhile, the thermal stability is mainly impacted by thermal expansion characteristics and interfacial stability of cathode material, and it is dramatically improved by the mechanical strength of the secondary particles reinforced at high calcinated temperature. This study provides some new insights on understanding and designing of the high-energy cathode materials with long cycle-life and superior safety.
Understanding the phenomenon of capacity increasing along cycles: In the case of an ultralong-life and high-rate SnSe-Mo-C anode for lithium storage

A good cycling stability is a prerequisite for the application of metal-based materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). However, an abnormal increase in capacity is often observed, which has rarely been focused on in many studies. In our SnSe-Mo-C composite anode, a high reversible capacity of 737.4 mAh g~(-1) remained after 5000 cycles at 5 A g~(-1) between 0.01 and 3.0 V versus Li/Li~+. However, a continuous capacity increase occurred in the initial cycles, with 1086.9 mAh g~(-1) after 1000 cycles and 1216.9 mAh g~(-1) after 1500 cycles, respectively. Further studies revealed that the electrolyte decomposed at high potentials(2.5-3.0 V)and provided additional capacities. The cut-off voltage and electrolyte filling were controlled,which eliminated the impact of electrolyte decomposition, prevented rapid capacity decay, and provided a stable cycling performance for SnSe-Mo-C anodes in LIBs. This work shows that the composite anode is promising for lithium storage and the findings provide new insights into understanding and controlling the phenomenon of capacity increase with cycling in metal-based anode materials.
Gas free oxidation of NaCN for presodiating and stabilizing the anodic host of sodium-ion capacitors

Sodium-ion capacitors(NICs)trigger considerable attention due to their higher specific energy than electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)at comparable specific power. However, the presodiation process of the anodic host is extremely crucial for the construction of high-performance NICs. Herein, a positive EDL electrode containing activated carbon(AC)mixed with sodium cyanide(NaCN)as a sacrificial material was electrochemically oxidized to presodiate a Sn_4P_3 anodic host buffered by hard carbon(HC). The oxidation of CN~- occurred ca. 2.9 V vs. Na/Na~+ and finished by a short region of linearly increasing potential with a total capacity close to the theoretical value of 547 mAh g~(-1). The operando electrochemical mass spectrometry(EMS)analysis of the atmosphere in the cell together with the internal pressure measurements realized during the galvanostatic oxidation of a YP80F-NaCN electrode demonstrate that the process occurs without any gas evolution. A precursor cell of an NIC was constructed in a pouch with YP80FNaCN and HC/Sn_4P_3 electrodes. After the oxidative sodium transfer from NaCN to HC/Sn_4P_3, the realized YP80F//Na_x(HC/Sn_4P_3)NIC demonstrated a discharge capacitance retention higher than 80% for 8900 cycles in the voltage range from 2.0 to 3.8 V. The infrared analysis of the anode obtained by the herein described transfer process detected polycyanogen, which stabilizes the electrode structure during cycling, and thereof is at the origin of the enhanced life span of the NIC.
Lithium film with abundant stepped structures: A promising route for homogeneous Li ion deposition to conquer lithium dendrite issue and its action mechanism

Lithium is considered to be the ''holy grail" for the application of energy storage due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest anode potential. However, one of the grand difficulties in the development of lithium-based batteries is the lithium dendrite growth that leads to capacity fading and electrode degradation over long-term cycling. Compared with conventional electrolyte modifications, artificial solid electrolyte interfaces(SEI)synthesis and framework designing approaches, tuning surface morphology of lithium anode is the direct route to induce homogeneous Li ion deposition. Due to the high chemical activity of lithium metal, however, controllable growth of lithium micro/nanostructures by traditionally chemical approaches is still a big challenge. Herein, we have developed a facile compression route to fabricate lithium anode with abundant stepped lithium structures. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the dendritic growth issue is effectively suppressed by orderly arranged stepped lithium structures. After 90 cycles, a high discharge capacity of 954 mAh g~(-1) is achieved, which is 2.7 times that of the uncompressed lithium anode(342 mAh g~(-1)). First-principles calculations reveal that the orderly arranged stepped lithium structures are lithiophilic active sites to adsorb Li ion, which contributes to homogeneous deposition of Li ion on lithium anode, eventually solving the lithium dendrite issue. This work paves a new road to suppress dendritic growth, which will provide some new ideas to design long recycling sodium, potassium and zinc, and other metal anode batteries.
A positive correlation between local photocurrent and grain size in a perovskite solar cell

Developing an interplay between the local morphological character and its local photovoltaic(PV)parameters in a perovskite thin film is essential for guiding the construction of highly-efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To achieve a higher PSC performance, great efforts have been devoted to the growth of larger perovskite grains;however, how the gain size can influence the PSC performance in a working device remains unclear. Herein, using laser-scanned confocal microscopy coupled with a photocurrent detection module, we realize local photocurrent, photoluminescence(PL)intensity and PL lifetime mappings directly in a working PSC. For perovskite grains of various sizes(from ~500 nm to a few micrometers), their local photocurrent exhibit a statically positive correlation with the grain size, but anti-correlated with the grain's local PL intensity. This result suggests that a larger perovskite grain likely has fewer defects and more importantly better interfacial contact with the charge collection layers and thus leads to higher charge collection efficiency, and the optimum grain size is found to be ≥2 μm. Our result provides important guidance to the growth and control of perovskite microstructures toward the further improvement of PSC performance.
Etching-courtesy NH_4~+ pre-intercalation enables highly-efficient Li~+ storage of MXenes via the renaissance of interlayer redox

Inspired by a well-known architecture notion that load-bearing walls enable maintaining a highly-stable multiple-floored building, superior advantages are afforded via fabricating the NH_4~+ ions pre-intercalated Mo_2CT_x MXene(Mo_2CT_x-N)in a mixed solution of NH_4F and HCl via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. As a result of the synergistic effects of pillared structure, immobilizing -F groups and unlocking Mo-based redox, the Mo_2CT_x-N remarkably delivered a reversible capacity of 384.6 mAh g~(-1) at 200 mA g~(-1) after 100 cycles. Our work lays a foundation for fully packaging its optimal performance via carding and architecting the chemistry of the MXene layers and between them.
Dynamic microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of dilute Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy during hot rolling

The dynamic microstructure and texture of dilute Mg-0.50Al-0.71Ca-0.33Mn(wt.%)during hot rolling at two slab temperatures were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). The results show that the development of the rolling microstructures is to first form {10-12} extension twins in the original grains, thereby forming the extension-twinned regions, and then to further form {10-11} - {10-12} double twins and kinks in the extension-twinned regions, and finally to form continuous dynamic recrystallized(continuous DRXed)grains in the double twins and the cross parts of the shear-deformed coarse extension-twinned regions. These extension twins, double twins and kinks show a decisive effect on the formation of rolling texture. The number of {10-11} - {10-12} double twins and resultant the continuous DRX process are strongly affected by the rolling slab temperature and the reduction thickness per pass. By optimizing the rolling conditions, texture and microstructures of the multi-pass rolled Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy sheets are success-fully modified. Although the total alloy content is only 1.5 wt.%, these Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy sheets show much higher strength than the commercial Mg-3Al-1 Zn(wt.%)(AZ31B)sheet.
Cognition-driven multimodal personality classification

In this paper, we address a novel task, namely, cognition-driven multimodal personality classification (CMPC), aiming to infer personality traits (e.g., romantic, humorous, and gloomy) shown in real time by a human being from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Specifically, this task is motivated by a cognitive difference phenomenon that humans with different personality traits tend to give different personality-oriented textual descriptions when observing an image. In particular, to tackle the inherent noise challenges in this CMPC task, we propose a tailored reinforcement learning approach, namely, multi-agent SelectNet, aiming to integrate the opinion-word and image-region selection strategies to select informative opinion-word and image-region features for CMPC. To justify the effectiveness of our approach, we construct six kinds of multimodal personality classification datasets and conduct extensive experiments on the datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can significantly outperform other strong competitors, including the state-of-the-art unimodal and multimodal approaches.
Discrete-time delay systems: part 2. Sub-fully actuated case

In continuation to the first part of the paper, this second part further investigates the models and control of discrete-time sub-fully actuated systems with time-varying delays. Firstly, a new representation for general linear and nonlinear dynamical discrete-time fully actuated systems (FASs) with time-varying state delays and constant input delays is proposed, and the concept of sub-FAS is defined. The set of feasible points and the set of singular points for a sub-FAS are introduced. Secondly, like the global FAS case, controllers for a discrete-time sub-FAS can also be easily designed, which results in constant linear closed-loop systems with arbitrarily assignable eigenstructures, but unlike the global FAS case, a constraint must be added, which is expressed by the set of feasible points of the system and guarantees the realizability of the designed controllers. Finally, a general definition for controllable dynamical systems with time delays is given.
Towards the Triassic Configuration ofWestern Paleotethys

The tectono-paleogeograhic inheritance of barely documented Paleotethyan influence on the Southern Carpathian-Balkan belt is herein reappraised to highlight complex processes occurring along an alternative branched configuration of Triassic fossil subduction zone interfaces. The absence of Paleotethyan oceanic accretionary complexes, and the unavailability of rocks returned from poorly traceable Triassic subduction zones allow no conventional insights into its internal structure. In contrast,the adjoining Dinarides and investigated western Southern Carpathian-Balkan belt contain metamorphic rocks ejected from the precursory Late Paleozoic Paleotethyan active margin. An inventory and reappraisal of Variscan and Cimmerian imprints, far-field effects place the peri-Moesian Southern Carpathian-Balkan belt into the overriding plate position above the Triassic Paleotethyan active margin. Ongoing Permian-Early Triassic dragging of underlying Paleotethyan crustal material beneath external segments of the continental margin is contemporaneous with the onset and formation of several episutural back-arc oceans. These include the Maliac Ocean with a here introduced NNW-SSE striking Lower-Middle Triassic marginal shallow-water clastic-carbonate basin of Getic Unit(Gornjak nappe)that is spatially in line with the "Volvi-Therma" western Rhodope aborted Triassic rift system. The carbonate platform deposition was interrupted by a change in the geodynamic regime at the end of the Middle Triassic(inducing mild compressional deformations and the regional uplift resulting in missing of Upper Triassic sediments). The constraints on the investigated sequences yield that the lagged Paleotethyan closure in the Balkan sector occurred during the late Ladinian-Carnian interval.
Baseline determination, pollution source and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Amu Darya Basin, Central Asia

Central Asia(CA)is one of the most fragile regions worldwide owing to arid climate and accumulated human activities, and is a global hotspot due to gradually deteriorating ecological environment. The Amu Darya Basin(ADB), as the most economically and demographically important region in CA, is of particular concern. To determine the concentration,source and pollution status of heavy metals(HMs)in surface sediments of the ADB, 154 samples were collected and analyzed for metals across the basin. Correlation and cluster analysis, and positive matrix factorization model were implemented to understand metals' association and apportion their possible sources. Cumulative frequency distribution and normalization methods were used to determine the geochemical baseline values(GBVs). Then, various pollution indices and ecological risk index were employed to characterize and evaluate the pollution levels and associated risks based on the GBVs. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of HMs showed the following descending order in the surface sediments of ADB: Zn >Cr >Ni >Cu >Pb >Co >Cd. The spatial distribution maps showed that Cr, Ni, and Cu had relatively high enrichment in the irrigated agricultural area;high abundances of Zn, Pb, and Cd were mainly found in the urban areas. Four source factors were identified for these metals, namely natural sources, industrial discharge, agricultural activities,and mixed source of traffic and mining activities, accounting for 33.5%, 11.4%, 34.2%, and 20.9% of the total contribution, respectively. The GBVs of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Co in the ADB were 0.27, 58.9, 14.6, 20.3, 25.8, 53.4, and 9.80 mg/kg, respectively, which were similar to the regional background values obtained from lake sediments in the bottom. In general, the assessment results revealed that surface sediments of the ADB were moderately polluted and low ecological risk by HMs.
Discovery of Tryptophan-tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

The cholinesterases are essential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).We have identified tryptophan-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective micro-nanomolar butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.Molecular docking was applied for the rational design and binding mode analysis.They were defined according to their target inhibitory activity,low cytotoxicity,predicted permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB),and in vivo cognitive improvement.Additionally,the preferred compound showed ability to decrease self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and Aβ_(1-42) induced SH-SY5Y cell injury.Altogether,these factors indicated their potential as unique lead compounds for AD treatment.
Simulating the influence of various nutrient sources on hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary

Hypoxia is increasingly reported off the Changjiang River Estuary with the confluence of multiple high volume nutrient sources. The Regional Ocean Modeling System coupled with a biological model was used to analyze the effect of different nutrient sources on the development of hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary. By comparing to observed data, our model suitably captured the regional dynamics of chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentration. A series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to investigate the hypoxia response to the various nutrient sources, such as loading from the Changjiang River, Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current. Our model results indicated that nutrients from different sources significantly influenced the hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary, and it was mostly affected by nutrients sourced from the Kuroshio. The nutrients input from the Changjiang River had larger impacts on the hypoxia in the north of 30°N than that in the south of 30°N. The nutrients sourced from the Taiwan Strait had a least influence on the hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary.