mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The role of dynamic transport in the formation of the inverted charge structure in a simulated hailstorm

The inverted charge structure formation of a hailstorm was investigated using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW) model coupled with electrification and discharge schemes. Different processes may be responsible for inverted charge structure in different storms and regions. A dynamical-derived mechanism of inverted charge structure formation was confirmed by the numerical model: the inverted structure was formed by strong updraft and downdraft under normal-polarity charging conditions such that the graupel charged negatively in the main charging region in the middle-upper level of the cloud. The simulation results showed the storm presented a normal charge structure before and after hail-fall; while during the hail-fall stage, it showed an inverted charge structure-negative charge region in the upper level of the cloud and a positive charge region in the middle level of the cloud—appearing at the front edge near the strong updraft in the hailstorm. The charging processes between the two particles mainly occurred at the top of the cloud, where the graupel charged negatively and ice crystals positively due to the strong updraft. When the updraft air reached the top of the storm, it would spread to the rear and front. The light ice crystals were transported backward and forward more easily. Meanwhile, the positively charged ice crystals were transported downward by the frontal subsidence, and then a positive charge region formed between the -10 and -25℃ levels. Subsequently, a negative charge region materialized in the upper level of the cloud, and the inverted charge structure formed.
Coumarin-derived azolyl ethanols: synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and preliminary action mechanism study

A series of coumarin-derived azolyl ethanols including imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,benzotriazolyl, thiol-imidazolyl and thiol-triazolyl ones were conveniently synthesized and characterized by IR, ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and high-resolution mass spectra(HRMS) spectra. Some of the prepared compounds showed appropriate logP_(ow) values and effective antibacterial and antifungal activities. Noticeably, compound 14 with bis-triazolyl ethanol group exhibited low minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) value of 8 μg/mL against MRSA, which was comparable or even superior to reference drugs Norfloxacin(MIC=8 μg/mL) and Chloramphenicol(MIC=16 μg/mL). It could also effectively inhibit the growth of the tested fungal strains compared to Fluconazole. Further binding studies of coumarin 14 with calf thymus DNA were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that compound 14 could interact with calf thymus DNA by groove binding to form 14-DNA complex via both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, which might be the factor to exert the powerful antimicrobial activity.
Enhanced dSTORM imaging using fluorophores interacting with cucurbituril

Advanced fluorescence microscopy including single-molecule localization-based super-resolution imaging techniques requires bright and photostable dyes or proteins as fluorophores. The photophysical properties of fluorophores have been proven to be crucial for super-resolution microscopy's localization precision and imaging resolution. Fluorophores TAMRA and Atto Rho6G, which can interact with macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril(CB7) to form host-guest compounds, were found to improve the fluorescence intensity and lifetimes of these dyes. We enhanced the localization precision of direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(dSTORM) by introducing CB7 into the imaging buffer, and showed that the number of photons as well as localizations of both TAMRA and Atto Rho6G increase over 2 times.
The Tree of Life: China project

The knowledge of evolutionary relationships is fundamental to all disciplines of biology, yielding novel and profound insights across plant sciences, from comparative genomics, molecular evolution, and plant development, to the study of adaptation, speciation, community assembly, and ecosystem functioning (Forest et al., 2007; Donoghue, 2008; Gehrke & Linder, 2011). Phylogeny (the Tree of Life, TOL) has become the foundation of evolutionary biology. It is accurate to say “Evolutionary biology makes much more sense in the light of phylogeny”,as a corollary to Dobzhansky's (1973) famous statement "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."
Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis

Rosidae, a clade of approximately 90 000 species of angiosperms, exhibits remarkable morphological diversity and extraordinary heterogeneity in habitats and life forms. Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Rosidae has been difficult, in large part due to nested radiations and the enormous size of the clade. Current estimates of phylogeny contain areas of poor resolution and/or support, and there have been few attempts to synthesize the available data into a comprehensive view of Rosidae phylogeny. We aim to improve understanding of the phylogeny of Rosidae with a dense sampling scheme using both newly generated sequences and data from GenBank of the chloroplast rbcL, atpB, and matK genes and the mitochondrial matR gene. We combined sequences from 9300 species, representing 2775 genera, 138 families, and 17 orders into a supermatrix. Although 59.26% of the cells in the supermatrix have no data, our results generally agree with previous estimates of Rosidae phylogeny and provide greater resolution and support in several areas of the topology. Several noteworthy phylogenetic relationships are recovered, including some novel relationships. Two families (Euphorbiaceae and Salvadoraceae) and 467 genera are recovered as non-monophyletic in our sampling, suggesting the need for future systematic studies of these groups. Our study shows the value of a botanically informed bioinformatics approach and dense taxonomic sampling for resolving rosid relationships. The resulting tree provides a starting point for large-scale analyses of the evolutionary patterns within Rosidae.
Discriminating cosmic muons and X-rays based on rise time using a GEM detector

Gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors have been used in cosmic muon scattering tomography and neutron imaging over the last decade. In this work, a triple GEM device with an effective readout area of 10 cm x 10 cm is developed, and a method of discriminating between cosmic muons and X-rays based on rise time is tested. The energy resolution of the GEM detector is tested by ~(55)Fe ray source to prove the GEM detector has a good performance. Analysis of the complete signal-cycles allows us to get the rise time and pulse heights. The experiment result indicates that cosmic muons and X-rays can be discriminated with an appropriate rise time threshold.
Empirical assessment of adaptation to climate change impacts of mountain households: development and application of an Adaptation Capability Index

The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index (ACI) is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 120 heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.
3-puzzle量子计算的酉变换矩阵及逻辑线路

针对3-puzzle问题,运用量子计算方法分析了节点扩展的酉变换矩阵.对一个3-puzzle问题实例进行了元素编码和节点状态编码,描述了具体的节点扩展酉变换矩阵,并运用量子受控非门逻辑线路实现了酉变换矩阵。讨论了N-puzzle量子计算的线路模型,对量子位的基态和最佳基态的制备作了分析,阐述了N-puzzle启发式搜索量子计算框架。
尿路上皮病变的病理诊断

尿路上皮病变可表现为扁平状、乳头状和内翻性三种模式,有时三种病变模式在同一病例中出现,不同模式的生物学行为评价标准不尽相同。我们在会诊工作中,常常遇到不区分三种尿路上皮病变模式、良恶性评判标准混淆的病例;经常遇到良恶性诊断准确、病理报告不够规范、诊断信息不能满足临床制订治疗方案需要的病例。多年的泌尿/男性生殖系统专科病理和多学科综合治疗的参与,不仅使我们在尿路上皮病变的病理诊断上越来越规范,而且在诊断中也积累了很多体会,与同仁们分享如下。
Influence of Mixed Common Solvent on the Co-assembled Morphology of PS-b-PEO and CdS Quantum Dots

The hybrid structures of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer and inorganic nanoparticles with good stability and biocompatibility have potential applications in drug delivery and bioimaging. Spherical co-assemblies of PS_(120)-b-PEO_(318) and oleylamine-capped CdS quantum dots (QDs) are produced successfully in this work by adding water to a mixed common solvent, such as N,N-dimethylmethanamide (DMF)/chloroform, DMF/tetrahydrofuran (THF), or DMF/toluene. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum indicates that QDs are located at the interface between the core and shell of the spherical co-assemblies. The co-assembly process during water addition is traced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and turbidity measurement. Spherical co-assemblies are formed through budding from bilayers of the block copolymer and QDs. The morphology of the co-assemblies is related to the miscibility of the QD-dispersing solvents with water and the morphology changes from a spherical to a vesicle-like structure with DMF/toluene. Increasing THF content in the mixed solvent causes morphological transitions from spherical co-assemblies to multi-branched cylinders and micelles where QDs are located in the central core. Increasing chloroform content yields vesicle-like structures with protruding rods on the surface. The mechanism of the morphological transitions is also discussed in detail.
Onyx34胶联合弹簧圈治疗巨大冠状动脉瘘一例

Onyx34胶是血管内栓塞治疗的新产品,由次乙烯醇异分子聚合物(EVOH)、DMSO溶剂和微粒化钽粉组成。Onyx34胶广泛应用于多种血管病变的治疗,如动脉瘤、动静脉畸形和外周血管疾病等,很少应用于心血管疾病的介入治疗中。将Onyx34胶应用于冠状动脉瘘的栓塞治疗中,是一次开拓性尝试。对于引起症状的巨大型冠状动脉瘘,当患者不愿接受外科手术且传统的介入封堵材料无效时,Onyx34胶联合弹簧圈栓堵是一种可以考虑的治疗方法。
急性心肌梗死患者心肌出血的研究进展

急性心肌梗死的病死率及并发症的发病率较高,是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题。持续冠状动脉阻塞超过40 min,即可引起不可逆的心肌损伤。尽管及时的再灌注治疗有利于挽救缺血心肌,但是血运重建有可能通过触发心肌的缺血再灌注损伤,而导致微血管损伤及进一步的心肌坏死。微血管损伤主要包括微血管阻塞,以及微血管阻塞合并心肌出血。目前认为心肌出血是微血管阻塞的一种更严重的表现形式。心肌出血大多伴随着微血管阻塞的发生。
Homocysteine activates T cells by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling and increasing mitochondrial respiration

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing proliferation and stimulating cytokine secretion in Tcells. However, whether homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated T cell activation is associated with metabolic reprogramming is unclear. Here, our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that Hcy-stimulated splenic T-cell activation in mice was accompanied by increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium, mitochondrial mass and respiration. Inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production and calcium signals or blocking mitochondrial respiration largely blunted Hcy-induced T-cell interferon y (IFN-Y) secretion and proliferation. Hcy also enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in T cells, and inhibition of ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid blocked Hcy-induced T-cell activation. Mechanistically, Hcy increased ER-mitochondria coupling, and uncoupling ER-mitochondria by the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole attenuated Hcy-stimulated mitochondrial reprogramming, IFN-Y secretion and proliferation in T cells, suggesting that juxtaposition of ER and mitochondria is required for Hcy-promoted mitochondrial function and T-cell activation. In conclusion, Hcy promotes T-cell activation by increasing ER-mitochondria coupling and regulating metabolic reprogramming.
Trade-offs between carbon sequestration,soil retention and water yield in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region of China

Natural ecosystems provide human society with very important products and services. With the rapid increase in population and the over-exploitation of natural resources, humans are continually enhancing the production of some services at the expense of others. This paper estimates changes in ecosystem services, and the relationship between these services in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region of China. These ecosystem changes are of great significance to the sustainable development of this economic region. The concept of production possibility frontier (PPF) is applied to evaluate the trade-offs and synergy between carbon sequestration, water yield and soil retention. Three land use strategy scenarios - planning, exploitation and protection - are applied to evaluate potential changes in ecosystem services. This study reveals noticeable trade-offs between carbon sequestration, soil retention and water yield, with synergy between carbon sequestration and soil retention. There are synergies between carbon sequestration, water yield and soil retention in the three scenarios. The protection scenario is the most favourable land use strategy for regulating ecosystem service capacity. This scenario results in the highest carbon sequestration, water yield and soil retention. The results could have implications for natural capital and ecosystem services planning, management and land use decision-making.
Can the narrowing of the Lower Yellow River by regulation result in non-siltation and even channel scouring?

This study considered whether the narrowing of the upper (broad and wandering) reaches of the Lower Yellow River could result in a reduction in sedimentation and even an increase in channel erosion in both the upper and the lower (narrow and meandering) reaches. Analysis of field data and numerical modeling results both justify the proposal to narrow the channel. A positive correlation was found between channel eroded-area and the channel width. Therefore narrowing under conditions of low flow will reduce the amount of erosion in the reach, which, in turn, will reduce the amount of sediment transported into the lower channel. This will reduce the amount of siltation in the lower reaches of the river. However, narrowing under conditions of high flow with a low concentration of sediment will reduce both the extent of flood attenuation along the narrowed channel and the amount of lateral channel bank collapse, which results in increased flows and less sedimentation in the lower channel, leading to increased erosion. When flows with a high concentration of sediment are released from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, both the lower narrow channel and the upper channel can transport a large amount of the sediment load. It is concluded that the narrowing of the upper broad channel will result in a reduction in sedimentation, or even in channel erosion, in both the upper and the lower channels if the reservoir is operated such that the volume of sediment added during low flows is balanced by the volume eroded during high flows with a low concentration of sediment.
Human activity intensity of land surface: Concept, methods and application in China

Human activity intensity is a synthesis index for describing the effects and influences of human activities on land surface. This paper presents the concept of human activity intensity of land surface and construction land equivalent, builds an algorithm model for human activity intensity, and establishes a method for converting different land use/cover types into construction land equivalent as well. An application in China based on the land use data from 1984 to 2008 is also included. The results show that China's human activity intensity rose slowly before 2000,while rapidly after 2000. It experienced an increase from 7.63% in 1984 to 8.54% in 2008. It could be generally divided into five levels: Very High, High, Medium, Low, and Very Low, according to the human activity intensity at county level in 2008, which is rated by above 27%, 16%-27%, 10%-16%, 6%-10%, and below 6%. China's human activity intensity was spatially split into eastern and western parts by the line of Helan Mountains-Longmen Mountains-Jinghong. The eastern part was characterized by the levels of Very High, High, and Medium, and the levels of Low and Very Low were zonally distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas. In contrast, the western part was featured by the Low and Very Low levels, and the levels of Medium and High were scattered in Gansu Hexi Corridor, the east of Qinghai, and the northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.
Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000,but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m~3 above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tong-guan station were 12.4 billion m~3 and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River.
Fluvial processes of the downstream reaches of the reservoirs in the Lower Yellow River

Evolution of the river channel downstream of reservoirs is a complex process that is closely related to the operational mode of the reservoirs and the channel boundary conditions. Numerous studies have been carried out on the fluvial processes of downstream reservoirs. However, only a few of them have focused on the relationship between runoff-sediment conditions and channel pattern indicators. Also, the impacts of river training works on fluvial processes are seldom dealt with. In this paper, the evolutionary processes of three sections in the Lower Yellow River, including Tiexie-Yiluo River mouth reach, Huayuankou-Heigangkou reach and Jiahetan-Gaocun reach, were analyzed for variations in the channel boundary line and the mainstream between 1960 and 2015. Channel pattern indicators such as sinuosity, mainstream wandering range and width/depth ratio were analyzed based on field measurements obtained by the Hydrological Department of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission. The effects of river training works on the channel evolution are then described. Since 1960,numerous medium- and large-sized reservoirs have been built on the Yellow River, including Longyangxia Reservoir, Liujiaxia Reservoir and Xiaolangdi Reservoir. These reservoirs impound the runoff from upstream and retain the sediment, which changes the runoff and sediment conditions in the downstream reach. As a consequence, annual runoff and the frequency and peak of flooding have all decreased. As a result, the flow dynamics and their action on the river channel are also reduced, which changes the dynamic state of the river course. The discrimination results obtained using the single parameter discrimination rule and the discrimination equation show that the degree of wandering is weakened in the reaches studied. The variations in the channel pattern indicators show that the sinuosity increases and the wandering range decreases with a reduction in the total annual volume of water. However, the degree of wandering has little relationship to the sediment concentration. In addition, river training works play an important role in controlling the river course. Due to improvements in the river training works, the river course has become more stable under the same runoff and sediment conditions. A new discrimination rule that takes into account the impacts of the river training works is proposed. The discrimination results were found to fit well with the actual river pattern, which shows that the discrimination rule is applicable to the Lower Yellow River. The results show that the runoff and sediment conditions are the most important factors in the evolution of the river course. The river training works have at the same time limited the wandering range of the mainstream and played an important role in the fluvial processes. Both factors combined lead to the stabilization of the river.
Weldability of 1000 MPa Grade Ultra-low Carbon Bainitic Steel

Maximum hardness test in weld heat-affected zone (HAZ), oblique Y-groove cracking test and mechanical property test of welding joint of 1000 MPa grade ultra-low carbon bainitic steel were carried out, so as to research the weldability of the steel. The results show that the steel has lower cold cracking sensitivity, and preheating temperature of 100 ℃ can help completely eliminate cold cracks, generating good process weldability. The increase of preheating temperature can reduce the hardening degree of heat-affected zone. The strength of welding joint decreases and hardness reduces when heat inputs increase, and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained when low welding heat inputs are used. Fine lath bainites of different orientations combined with a few granular bainites that effectively split the original coarse austenite grains are the foundation of good properties.
Root carbon consumption and grain yield of spring wheat in response to phosphorus supply under two water regimes

In semiarid areas, cereal crops often allocate more biomass to root at the expense of aboveground yield. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate carbon consumption of roots and its impact on grain yield of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by water and phosphorus(P) supply. A factorial design was used with six treatments namely two water regimes(at 80–75% and 50–45% field capacity(FC)) and three P supply rates(P1=0, P2=44 and P3=109 μg P g~(-1) soil). At shooting and flowering stages, root respiration and carbon consumption increased with the elevate of P supply rates, regardless of water conditions, which achieved the minimum and maximum at P1 under 50–45% FC and P3 under 80–75% FC, respectively. However, total aboveground biomass and grain yield were higher at P2 under 80–75% FC; and decreased with high P application(P3). The results indicated that rational or low P supply(80–75% of field water capacity and 44 mg P kg~(-1) soil) should be recommended to improve grain yield by decreasing root carbon consumption in semiarid areas.