mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Natural products targeting mitochondria:A promising strategy for metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a complex pathophysiological state characterized by obesity,insulin resistance,dysglycemia,dyslipidemia and hypertension,which consequently contributes to coronary heart disease,stroke and other disabilities.The International Diabetes Federation(IDF)estimated that approximately 25% of the world's population has MetS,with the increased prevalence in the advanced ages.Metabolic syndrome originates from the imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure,and it is also affected by genetic/epigenetic factors.Up to now,no single remedy can cure MetS.For drug therapy,natural products or medicinal herbal extracts have been used and proven effective in preventing and alleviating MetS with few adverse effects.It is well known that metformin,a natural product of Galega officinalis(goat's rue or French lilac,a traditional herbal medicine in Europe),has been in use since 1957 as the first-line hypoglycemic agent.Metformin achieves anti-MetS effects with anit-obesity,lipid-lowering and improvement of insulin resistance.Even,metformin was found to treat cancer,Alzheimer disease and aging.Of note,berberine,an alkaloid extracted from Berberis herbs which has been used to treat diarrhea and gastroenteritis in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)with long history,was found to be the active pharmaceutical compound with its antimicrobial,anti-motility and anti-secretory properties.Recent studies reported that berberine potentially displays antidiabetic and lipid-lowering properties with reduction of body weight and improvement of insulin sensitivity.Based on the traditional herbs,TCM has been utilized in a wide spectrum of diseases,its pivotal role in the Chinese culture was won by time-honored prescriptions and therapies.For MetS treatment,Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet(JQJTT),originated from a TCM formula composed of three herbs(Coptis chinensis,Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica),has been proven an effective prescription for diabetes in clinic.Inspired by the successful application of natural products in MetS treatment,more and more single or combination of small molecules derived from traditional herbs were under investigation for anti-MetS drug discovery.
Antibody responses in COVID-19 patients

Measuring virus-specific antibody responses to emerging pathogens is a well-established and highly useful tool to diagnose such infections,understand interactions between the immune system and pathogens,and provide potential clues for the development of vaccines or therapeutic agents against such pathogens.Since the beginning of 2020,the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 as the emerging virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has provided new insight into the complexity of antibody responses to this dangerous virus.The current review aims to sort out diverse and sometimes seemingly confusing findings to put together a cohesive understanding on the profile of antibody responses elicited in COVID-19 patients.
脂肪肝的定量影像学评价

脂肪肝是一种常见病和多发病,以肝细胞脂肪过多蓄积为特征,其与代谢综合征密切相关,可引起全身多脏器的功能障碍。肝活检是诊断脂肪肝严重程度的金标准,但因有创和潜在风险限制了其临床应用。随着影像新技术的发展,为无创定量肝脏脂肪含量开辟了新的途径。因此,本文将对无创影像学技术对肝脏脂肪定量动态评价的各种检查技术进行综合分析,以便同仁更方便快捷了解脂肪肝的常规定量影像学评价。
Sex and Death: Identification of Feedback Neuromodulation Balancing Reproduction and Survival

Some semelparous organisms in nature mate as many times as they can in a single reproductive episode before death, while most iteroparous species including humans avoid such suicidal reproductive behavior. Animals naturally pursue more sex and the possible fatal consequence of excessive sex must be orchestrated by negative feedback signals in iteroparous species, yet very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms. Here we used Drosophila male sexual behavior as a model system to study how excessive sex may kill males and how the nervous system reacts to prevent death by sex. We found that continuous sexual activity by activating the fruitlessexpressing neurons induced a fixed multi-step behavioral pattern ending with male death. We further found negative feedback in the fly brain to prevent suicidal sexual behavior by expression changes of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, and neuropeptide F. These findings are crucial to understand the molecular underpinnings of how different organisms choose reproductive strategies and balance reproduction and survival.
Co-regulation of indole glucosinolates and camalexin biosynthesis by CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways

Secondary plant metabolites, represented by indole glucosinolates (IGS) and camalexin, play important roles in Arabidopsis immunity. Previously, we demonstrated the importance of MPK3 and MPK6, two closely related MAPKs, in regulating Botrytis cinerea (Bc)-induced IGS and camalexin biosynthesis. Here we report that CPK5 and CPK6, two redundant calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), are also involved in regulating the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. The loss-of-function of both CPK5 and CPK6 compromises plant resistance to Bc. Expression profiling of CPK5-VK transgenic plants, in which a truncated constitutively active CPK5 is driven by a steroidinducible promoter, revealed that biosynthetic genes of both IGS and camalexin pathways are coordinately upregulated after the induction of CPK5-VK, leading to high-level accumulation of camalexin and 4-methoxyindole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate (4MI3G). Induction of camalexin and 4MI3G, as well as the genes in their biosynthesis pathways, is greatly compromised in cpk5 cpk6 mutant in response to Bc. In a conditional cpk5 cpk6 mpk3 mpk6 quadruple mutant, Bc resistance and induction of IGS and camalexin are further reduced in comparison to either cpk5 cpk6 or conditional mpk3 mpk6 double mutant, suggesting that both CPK5/CPK6 and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways contribute to promote the biosynthesis of 4MI3G and camalexin in defense against Bc.
“互联网+”时代背景下中药学混合式教学模式探索研究

随着信息技术的发展,“互联网+教学”以其独特的形式成为现代教育模式的热点。中药学是中医药类专业的一门专业基础课,是专门研究中药的基本理论及来源、采收、药性、功效、主治病证的一门学科。文章结合中药学的特点,将传统教学方法与移动信息化教学进行整合为混合式教学模式,应用到中药学课堂中,使中药学知识更加丰富、直观,并可促进中药学教学改革的深入及中医药教育事业的发展。
甘精胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的评估甘精胰岛素(长效胰岛素)对比中效胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Clinicaltrails.gov、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方和维普等9个中英文数据库,收集甘精胰岛素对比中效胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的随机对照试验,应用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入6项随机对照研究,其中有2项为跨国多中心研究,共计861例患者,其中甘精胰岛素组453例,中效胰岛素组408例。与中效胰岛素相比,甘精胰岛素能更好地降低糖化血红蛋白(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.73~ -0.04)、空腹血糖(SMD=-1.82,95%CI:-3.24~-0.39),减少夜间症状性低血糖发生率(RR=0.73,95%CI:0.54~0.99),均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组在总低血糖发生率、严重不良反应等指标间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甘精胰岛素比中效胰岛素降低糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖的疗效更佳,发生夜间症状性低血糖的风险更低。
宫腔镜诊疗麻醉管理的专家共识

宫腔镜手术作为一种妇科微创诊疗技术,具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,已广泛应用于妇产科患者。其主要适用于妇科可疑宫腔内病变的诊断和治疗。随着医疗服务水平的提高,宫腔镜手术在各级医院,尤其是基层医院已经广泛开展。宫腔镜手术相关并发症发生率一般较低,但有的并发症仍可能危及患者生命。据一项大样本多中心研究表明,宫腔镜手术的相关并发症发生率约为0.22%。最常见的并发症为子宫穿孔(0.12%),其次是膨宫液过量吸收综合征(0.06%) 、术中出血(0.03%) 、空气栓塞综合征(0.03%) 、膀胱或肠道损伤(0.02%)以及子宫内膜炎(0.01%)等。由于该类手术多为日间手术,术前准备和住院时间较短,面对安全、舒适化医疗的需求高。为此我们就麻醉科门诊的评估筛查,宫腔镜诊疗的适应证、禁忌证、术前检查及准备、术中监测、术后恢复、宫腔镜诊疗相关并发症的处理以及出院注意事项等方面的规范,与相关专业专家共同讨论,达成本共识,可以更好地保障宫腔镜手术的患者安全。
疑似上肢高压电流损伤成伤机制推断2例

笔者认为,在涉及高压电损伤的鉴定过程中需要注意以下几个方面:(1)对事发现场进行严密的现场调查,特别是事发现场既有高压电又有低压电时,更需仔细鉴别;(2)注意详细了解有无闪光和声响,跳电、停电的运行记录;(3)所用工具有无电流烧灼的痕迹;(4)注意损伤形态的观察,是否呈现“多发性”“跳跃性”“节段性”分布的特点;(5)电损伤的“入口”和“出口”有无特征性损伤改变(立体形坛子状)。
相当因果关系理论在医疗损害鉴定中的运用

医疗损害是全世界的问题,且并没有随着现代化高科技的发展而减少。医疗纠纷的防范和处理是法医学重要的研究课题之一。据中华人民共和国最高人民法院工作年度报告,全国法院系统2016年全年共审结医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件20 833件,同比上升2.49%,2017年全年共审结医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件22 563件,同比上升8.3%;2018年全年共审结医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件21 896件,同比下降2.96%。医疗损害鉴定为医疗纠纷的调解和诉讼提供鉴定意见,鉴定意见作为医疗纠纷案件处理的重要证据之一,为案件的处理提供了有力的支持。医疗损害鉴定的主要内容是就民事侵权行为的构成要件及过错的原因力大小进行鉴定,因果关系理论是医疗损害鉴定中的关键技术点,是确定原因力大小的基石,因而显得尤其重要。医疗过程具有经验性和复杂性,医疗损害鉴定多为“多因一果”,与相当因果关系的理论相契合。笔者通过分析相当因果关系理论与医疗损害因果关系的契合特性,阐述相当因果关系理论在医疗损害鉴定中的运用,为医疗损害鉴定提供理论和实践新思路。
运动训练影响脊髓损伤后功能恢复机制的研究进展

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury, SCI)是全球高发的中枢神经损伤性疾病,每年新增病例近80万。在其他治疗手段均未获得确切满意疗效的情况下,康复训练似乎是目前脊髓损伤患者的唯一选择。常用的康复训练(运动训练)方式有强制性运动训练、游泳训练、减重步行训练等。尽管在基础研究和临床应用方面进行了较多的研究,但其促进功能恢复的机制尚不完全清楚。本文拟总结近几年有关的最新进展,为今后研究提供参考。
AngioJet血栓清除装置在髂动脉支架内血栓治疗中致严重血管迷走神经反射1例

AngioJet血栓清除装置可在短时间内清除静脉主干血栓,解除静脉阻塞,缩短治疗时间,适用范围广,目前从静脉血栓疾病逐渐应用于动脉血栓疾病。在血栓清除过程中红细胞被破坏,细胞内钾、腺苷酸等物质释放入血常常导致一过性心动过缓。血管迷走神经反射(vasovagal reflexes,VVR)作为一种常见而危险的并发症,发生快,症状重,若处理不及时将导致严重后果甚至死亡。本文报道1例AngioJet血栓清除装置在髂动脉支架内血栓治疗中致血管迷走神经反射。
Functions of Phytic Acid in Fabricating Metal-Free Carbocatalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines

Sustainable phytic acid and cellulose are selected as precursors to fabricate P-doped carbon material (C-P-500), which possesses the high surface area and exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability in the oxidative coupling of benzylamines (conversion >95%, yield >95%). During the carbonization of cellulose in the muffle furnace, phytic acid can efficiently prevent the cellulose-derived carbon from combustion and create micro/meso porous structure because of its special function of fire retardation. Control experiments and characterizations demonstrate that P-containing groups anchoring on C-P-500 improve the catalytic performance of carbocatalyst in the oxidation of benzylamines to imines. The excellent catalytic activity of C-P-500 should be contributed collectively by carbonyl and P=O(OH)_2 groups. Due to the sustainable property of precursors and simple methodology for fabricating P-doped carbocatalyst, along with the moderate reaction conditions, it is a green catalytic system for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to imines.
A Facile Strategy to Fabricate Polysaccharide-Based Magnetic Hydrogel Based on Enamine Bond

Magnetic hydrogels have found extensive applications in fields such as soft robotics, drug delivery and shape morphing. Here a facile method was fabricated to prepare polysaccharide-based magnetic hyd rogels. The chitosan-Fe_3O_4 ferrofluid was obtained by dispersing carboxyl groups modified Fe304 nanoparticles uniformly in chitosan matrix. Subsequently, the magnetic polysaccharide hydrogel was obtained by simply mixing cellulose acetoacetate solution with chitosan-Fe304 ferrofluid. The structures and properties of the magnetic hydrogel were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological recovery, responsiveness, and stability measurements. The results indicated that magnetic polysaccharide hydrogel showed pH responsiveness and excellent self-healing properties, and the hydrogel manifested outstanding stability under physiological conditions (37 °C) for 72 h. In addition, the injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogel exhibited sensitive magnetic responsive and shape-shifting ability under an external magnetic field. Therefore, the strategy for the facile preparation of the magnetic polysaccharide-based hydrogel in this work could provide a benign and versatile method for achieving self-healing, responsive, injectable properties for the application in biomedical fields.
Two‑Dimensional Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials: Emerging Advances in Electrochemical Energy Storage Science

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), well known as phosphorene, has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014. The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties, which facilitate its potential applications in various fields, such as catalyst, energy storage, sensor, etc. Owing to the large surface area, good electric conductivity, and high theoretical specific capacity, 2D BP has been widely studied as electrode materials and significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage devices. With the rapid development of energy storage devices based on 2D BP, a timely review on this topic is in demand to further extend the application of 2D BP in energy storage. In this review, recent advances in experimental and theoretical development of 2D BP are presented along with its structures, properties, and synthetic methods. Particularly, their emerging applications in electrochemical energy storage, including Li–/ K–/Mg–/Na-ion, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors, are systematically summarized with milestones as well as the challenges. Benefited from the fast-growing dynamic investigation of 2D BP, some possible improvements and constructive perspectives are provided to guide the design of 2D BP-based energy storage devices with high performance.
Sustained‑Release Nanocapsules Enable Long‑Lasting Stabilization of Li Anode for Practical Li‑Metal Batteries

A robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabled by electrolyte additive is a promising approach to stabilize Li anode and improve Li cycling efficiency. However, the self-sacrificial nature of SEI forming additives limits their capability to stabilize Li anode for long-term cycling. Herein, we demonstrate nanocapsules made from metal–organic frameworks for sustained release of LiNO_3 as surface passivation additive in commercial carbonate-based electrolyte. The nanocapsules can offer over 10 times more LiNO_3 than the solubility of LiNO_3. Continuous supply of LiNO_3 by nanocapsules forms a nitride-rich SEI layer on Li anode and persistently remedies SEI during prolonged cycling. As a result, lifespan of thin Li anode in 50 μm, which experiences drastic volume change and repeated SEI formation during cycling, has been notably improved. By pairing with an industry-level thick LiCoO_2 cathode, practical Li-metal full cell demonstrates a remarkable capacity retention of 90% after 240 cycles, in contrast to fast capacity drop after 60 cycles in LiNO_3 saturated electrolyte.
Fabrication of Waterproof Artificial Compound Eyes with Variable Field of View Based on the Bioinspiration from Natural Hierarchical Micro–Nanostructures

Planar and curved microlens arrays (MLAs) are the key components of miniaturized microoptical systems. In order to meet the requirements for advanced and multipurpose applications in microoptical field, a simple manufacturing method is urgently required for fabricating MLAs with unique properties, such as waterproofness and variable field-of-view (FOV) imaging. Such properties are beneficial for the production of advanced artificial compound eyes for the significant applications in complex microcavity environments with high humidity, for instance, miniature medical endoscopy. However, the simple and effective fabrication of advanced artificial compound eyes still presents significant challenges. In this paper, bioinspired by the natural superhydrophobic surface of lotus leaf, we propose a novel method for the fabrication of waterproof artificial compound eyes. Electrohydrodynamic jet printing was used to fabricate hierarchical MLAs and nanolens arrays (NLAs) on polydimethylsiloxane film. The flexible film of MLAs hybridized with NLAs exhibited excellent superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 158°. The MLAs film was deformed using a microfluidics chip to create artificial compound eyes with variable FOV, which ranged from 0° to 160°.
Postpartum meloxicam administration alters plasma haptoglobin, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and oxylipid concentrations in postpartum ewes

Background: Postpartum inflammation is a natural and necessary response;however, a dysfunctional inflammatory response can be detrimental to animal productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(meloxicam) on ewe postpartum inflammatory response, ewe plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid and oxylipid concentrations, and lamb growth. Results: After lambing, 36 Hampshire and Hampshire ×Suffolk ewes were sequentially assigned within type of birth to control(n = 17) or meloxicam orally administered on d 1 and 4 of lactation(MEL;90 mg, n = 19). Milk and blood samples were collected on d 1(prior to treatment) and d 4. Milk glucose-6-phosphate was not affected by MEL. Plasma haptoglobin(Hp) concentrations were less for MEL ewes;control ewes with greater d 1 Hp concentrations had elevated Hp on d 4, but this was not the case for MEL-treated ewes. Treatment with MEL increased plasma arachidonic acid concentration by more than 4-fold in ewes rearing singles but decreased concentrations of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, prostaglandin F_(2a), 8-iso-prostaglandin E2, and 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Nine oxylipids in plasma had interactions of treatment with d 1 Hp concentration, all of which revealed positive associations between d 1 Hp and d 4 oxylipid concentrations for CON, but neutral or negative relationships for MEL. MEL decreased 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid:13-oxooctadecadienoic acid ratio and tended to increase 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid:9-oxooctadecadienoic acid ratio(both dependent on d 1 values), indicating progressive metabolism of linoleic acid-derived oxylipids occurred by enzymatic oxidation after MEL treatment. Meloxicam reduced oxylipids generated across oxygenation pathways, potentially due to an improved redox state. Conclusions: Postpartum MEL treatment of ewes decreased plasma concentrations of Hp and several oxylipids, with the greatest impact in ewes with biomarkers reflecting a greater inflammatory state before treatment. Antiinflammatory strategies may help resolve excessive postpartum inflammation in some dams.
Research on the photoluminescence of spectral broadening by rapid thermal annealing on InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Photoluminescence (PL) test was conducted to investigate the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical performance of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) at the temperatures of 16 and 300 K. It was found that after RTA treatment, the PL spectrum of the QDs sample had a large blue-shift and significantly broadened at 300 K. Compared with the as-grown InAs QDs sample, the PL spectral width has increased by 44.68 meV in the InAs QDs sample RTA-treated at 800 ℃. The excitation power-dependent PL measurements showed that the broadening of the PL peaks of the RTA-treated InAs QDs should be related to the emission of the ground state (GS) of different-sized InAs QDs, the InAs wetting layer (WL) and the In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)As strain reduction layer (SRL) in the epitaxial InAs/GaAs layers.
Small molecule donors with different conjugated π linking bridges: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties

Three small molecule (SM) donors, namely B-T-CN, B-TT-CN and B-DTT-CN, with different π conjugated bridges were synthesized in this research. Interestingly, with the conjugated fused rings of the π linking bridge increasing, the SM HOMO levels exhibit a decline tendency with –5.27 eV for B-T-CN, –5.31 eV for B-TT-CN and –5.40 eV for B-DTT-CN. After blending the SM donors with the fullerene acceptor PC_(71)BM, the all SM organic solar cells (O_(SCs)) achieved high Vocs of 0.90 to 0.96 V. However, the phase separation morphology and molecule stacking are also unexpectedly changed together with the enhancement of conjugated degree of π bridges, resulting in a lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the B-DTT-CN:PC_(71)BM device. Our results demonstrate and provide a useful way to enhance OSC V_(oc) and the morphology needs to be further optimized.
Dihydroartemisinin induces ER stress-dependent apoptosis of Echinococcus protoscoleces in vitro

In this study, we investigated the effect of dihydroartemisinin on Echinococcus protoscoleces and explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in this process. Echinococcus protoscoleces were collected and cultured in RPM11640 medium. Changes in the expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78), caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were assessed through confocal immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Cell viability and morphological changes were observed under a light microscope. The ultrastructure of protoscoleces was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Caspase-3 activity was detected using an enzyme assay kit. After dihydroartemisinin treatment, the protoscoleces showed loss of viability, and morphological changes including soma contraction, blebs formation, hooks loss, microtrichia destruction, and development of lipid droplets was observed. The levels of caspase-12 and CHOP were increased within 2 days of dihydroartemisinin treatment. However, the levels of GRP-78, caspase-12, and CHOP were decreased in 4 days. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity was increased after treatment with different concentrations of dihydroartemisinin. Dihydroartemisinin can induce apoptosis in protoscoleces via the ER stress-caspase-3 apoptotic pathway in vitro. These results indicate that dihydroartemisinin is a potentially valuable therapeutic agent against echinococcosis.
Preparation and stabilization mechanism of carbon dots nanofluids for drag reduction

During the development of low or ultra-low permeability oil resources,the alternative energy supply becomes a prominent issue.In recent years,carbon dots (CDs) have drawn much attention owing to their application potential in oil fields for reducing injection pressure and augmenting oil recovery.However,carbon dots characterized of small size,high surface energy are faced with several challenges,such as self-aggregation and settling.The preparation of stably dispersed carbon dots nanofluids is the key factor to guarantee its application performance in formation.In this work,we investigated the stability of hydrophilic carbon dots (HICDs) and hydrophobic carbon dots–Tween 80 (HOCDs) nanofluids.The influences of carbon dots concentration,sorts and concentration of salt ions as well as temperature on the stability of CDs were studied.The results showed that HICDs are more sensitive to sort and concentration of salt ions,while HOCDs are more sensitive to temperature.In addition,the core flooding experiments demonstrated that the pressure reduction rate of HICDs and HOCDs nanofluids can be as high as 17.88% and 26.14%,respectively.Hence,the HICDs and HOCDs nanofluids show a good application potential in the reduction of injection pressure during the development of low and ultra-low permeability oil resources.
Characterization of lauryl betaine foam in the Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%)

Lauryl betaine (LB) as an amphoteric surfactant carries both positive and negative charges and should be able to generate stable foam through electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles and co-surfactants.However,no previous attempts have been made to investigate the influence of nanoparticles and other co-surfactants on the stability and apparent viscosity of LBstabilized foam.In this study,a thorough investigation on the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO_2) nanoparticles,alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS),on foam stability and apparent viscosity was carried out.The experiments were conducted with the 2D Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%).Influence of AOS on the interaction between the LB foam and oil was also investigated.Results showed that the SiO_2 -LB foam apparent viscosity decreased with increasing surfactant concentration from 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt%.0.1 wt% SiO_2 was the optimum concentration and increased the 0.1 wt% LB foam stability by 108.65% at 96% foam quality.In the presence of co-surfactants,the most stable foam,with the highest apparent viscosity,was generated by AOS/LB solution at a ratio of 9:1.The emulsified crude oil did not imbibe into AOS-LB foam lamellae.Instead,oil was redirected into the plateau borders where the accumulated oil drops delayed the rate of film thinning,bubble coalescence and coarsening.