mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climate warming and crop management on maize phenology in northern China

Climate warming has and will continue to exert a significantly impact on crop phenology in the past and coming decades. Combining observed data of phenology and a crop growth model provides a good approach for quantitating the effects of climate warming and crop management on crop phenology. The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of temperature change, sowing date (SD) adjustment and cultivar shift on maize phenology in northern China during 1981-2010. Results indicated that climate warming caused anthesis date (AD) and maturity date (MD) of maize to advance by 0.2–5.5 and 0.6–11.1 d/10a, respectively. Due to climate-driven changes in maize phenology, three growth periods of maize, i.e., vegetative growth period (VGP; from sowing to anthesis), reproductive growth period (RGP; from anthesis to maturity) and whole growth period (WGP; from sowing to maturity) shortened by 0.2–5.5, 0.4–5.6 and 0.6–11.1 d/10a, respectively. With SD adjustment (i.e., SD advancement), AD and MD occurred early by 0.5–2.6 and 0.1–3.4 d/10a, respectively. SD adjustment caused duration of VGP of maize to prolong. However, duration of RGP slightly shortened by 0.1–1.3 d/10a. Furthermore, due to cultivar shift, MD of maize significantly delayed by 4.9–12.2 d/10a. Durations of VGP, RGP and WGP of maize prolonged by 0.2–4.1, 1.6–8.4 and 4.3–11.8 d/10a, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicated that cultivar shift, to some extent, could mitigate the negative impact of climate warming on maize phenology.
国外气候变化教育进展及其启示研究

气候变化教育对于提高公众气候素养,鼓励公众有效参与气候变化行动、引导公众科学合理应对气候变化起着关键的作用。自《联合国气候变化框架公约》提出了气候变化教育的基本理念、行动框架、主要内容以来,在联合国及联合国教科文组织的积极推动下,国外学者对气候变化教育方式方法进行了大量系统的研究。中国在《国家应对气候变化规划(2014—2020年)》中提出将应对气候变化教育纳入国民教育体系,并相应提出应对气候变化知识进学校、进课堂等行动计划。但是纵观我国当前气候变化教育研究现状,对气候变化教育的研究还不够深入和具体,大多数研究只停留在政策宣贯层面,对气候变化教育理论与方法研究较少,既缺乏对当前国际开展气候教育的前沿研究,又缺乏案例教学研究。因此,本文希望通过系统梳理国外气候变化教育政策背景,对国外气候变化教育研究的热点以及具体举措进行分析,以期从气候变化教育的教学理念、教学方法等方面为促进我国制定气候变化教育政策,深入开展气候变化教育研究等提供借鉴。
Hydrocarbon Geological Conditions and Exploration Potential of Mesozoic–Paleozoic Marine Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

No substantial breakthroughs have been made in hydrocarbon exploration of the South Yellow Sea Basin. It is believed that the Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine sedimentary formation in the South Yellow Sea Basin is similar to that in the Sichuan Basin. Therefore, outcrop, drilling, and seismic data were determined and compared with the research results on petroleum geological conditions in the Yangtze land area, and the hydrocarbon geological conditions were analyzed comprehensively from multiple aspects, such as basin evolution and main source rocks, reservoir characteristics, preservation conditions, and structural traps. The results show that two main stages in the South Yellow Sea Basin (the stable evolution stage of the Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine basin and the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic reformation and basin formation stage) were important for the development and evolution of four sets of main source rocks. Reservoirs dominated by carbonate rocks, three sets of capping beds with good sealing capability, relatively weak magmatic activity, and multiple types of structural traps jointly constituted relatively good hydrocarbon-reservoir-forming conditions. There were four sets of main source-reservoir-cap assemblages and three possible hydrocarbon reservoir types (primary residual- type hydrocarbon reservoir, shallow reformed-type hydrocarbon reservoir, and composite-type hydrocarbon reservoir) developed in the marine strata. It is concluded that the marine strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin have relatively good hydrocarbon potential. The Laoshan Uplift is characterized by stable structure, complete preserved source reservoir cap assemblage, and large structural traps, and thus it is the preferred prospect zone for marine Paleozoic hydrocarbon exploration in this area.
A New Molecular Label Applied to the Study of the Yellow Sea Green Tide

From 2007 to 2017, large-scale green tides occurred every year in the Yellow Sea of China, and Ulva prolifera was the main species leading to the green tide. In this study, we used the Polymerase chain reaction and 3' Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends technique to amplify the nrDNA-LSU and IGS sequences in U. prolifera and one species of Blidingia. These techniques showed 3259 bp of nrDNA-LSU and 3388 bp of IGS in U. prolifera and 3282 bp nrDNA-LSU and 3059 bp IGS in Blidingia sp. At the same time, tandem repeats, short dyads, palindromic and multiple simple repeat sequences in the IGS sequence were found by analyzing the structure of the IGS sequence in U. prolifera and Blidingia sp. G + C contents of the IGS sequence in U. prolifera and Blidingia sp. were 52.42% and 53.09%, respectively. We divided the U. prolifera into two types according to the morphological characteristics. Although the specimens of U. prolifera from the Qingdao coastal area, Jiangsu coastal area and the Yellow Sea have different morphologies, their ITS and IGS sequences are almost identical. Therefore, the main species of the green tides in the Qingdao coastal area, Jiangsu coastal area and the Yellow Sea are the same and have the same origin.
Reconfigurable continuous-zoom metalens in visible band

The design of a conventional zoom lens is always challenging because it requires not only sophisticated optical design strategy, but also complex and precise mechanical structures for system adjustment. Here, we propose a continuous-zoom lens consisting of two chiral geometric metasurfaces with dielectric nanobrick arrays sitting on a transparent substrate. The metalens can continuously vary the focal length by rotating either of the two metasurfaces around its optical axis without changing any other conditions. Due to the polarization dependence of the geometric metasurface, the positive and negative polarities are interchangeable in one identical metalens only by changing the handedness of the incident circularly polarized light, which can generate varying focal lengths ranging from –∞ to +∞ in principle.
风光互补自动化发电控制系统的短期功率效益评估

现有的风光互补自动化发电控制系统,存在着评估清晰度较差的缺陷,为了解决上述问题,引入模糊算法,设计风光互补自动化发电控制系统的短期功率效益评估方法。在风光互补自动化发电控制系统结构上,构建系统短期功率模型,以此为基础,选取系统短期功率效益评估指标,采用层次分析法构建判别矩阵,确定指标权重,并对指标进行量化处理,利用模糊算法评估系统短期功率效益等级,实现了风光互补自动化发电控制系统短期功率效益的评估。通过实验结果显示:与现有短期功率效益评估方法相比较,提出的短期功率效益评估方法极大的提升了评估清晰度,充分说明提出的短期功率效益评估方法具备更好的评估性能。
Interleaved-Connected Split Planar Resonant Inductor Design in 1 kV SiC LLC Converters

Design method of split planar resonant inductor in 1 kV SiC logical link control(LLC) converter is proposed,which ensures the converter power density of $93.59\;{\rm{W/i}}{{\rm{n}}^3}$ and peak efficiency of 95.73%.Split resonant inductor helps to provide symmetrical resonant current by symmetrical impedance,and improves the distortion of resonant current,which ensures the efficiency of the whole converter.An interleaved winding connecting scheme improves the power density of the planar magnets,which contributes to power density improvement.Design method and calculation process of such split planar resonant inductor are provided.To verify the feasibility of the proposed design method,a 1 kV/48 V 6.6 kW,210 kHz SiC LLC prototype was built,and the experimental results are given.
A parametric bootstrap approach for one-way classification model with skew-normal random effects

In this paper,several properties of one-way classification model with skew-normal random effects are obtained,such as moment generating function,density function and noncentral skew chi-square distribution,etc.Based on the EM algorithm,we discuss the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of unknown parameters.For testing problem of fixed effect,a parametric bootstrap (PB) approach is developed.Finally,some simulation results on the Type I error rates and powers of the PB approach are obtained,which show that the PB approach provides satisfactory performances on the Type I error rates and powers,even for small samples.For illustration,our main results are applied to a real data problem.
妇科恶性肿瘤术后淋巴漏的诊治

妇科恶性肿瘤术后淋巴漏罕见,但可危及生命,其临床表现主要为腹部引流出乳糜样或稻黄色液体。淋巴漏的治疗包括保守治疗、手术治疗及其他治疗,其中保守治疗是最主要的治疗方式,对于保守治疗无效或长期大量淋巴漏的患者可采取手术治疗。
妊娠糖尿病母亲子代罹患先天性心脏病的研究进展

妊娠糖尿病母亲子代罹患先天性心脏病(congenital cardiac disease,CHD)的危险性增加,且发病机制复杂。早期诊断胎儿心脏异常有助于孕妇尽早进行基因学检测及早期终止妊娠。早孕晚期及中孕早期超声心动图检查可以较早诊断子代心脏结构异常及评价心脏功能,进而给予妊娠母亲恰当的围产期管理,以期降低妊娠糖尿病母亲子代罹患CHD的发病率。
局灶性皮质发育不良遗传学研究进展

局灶性皮质发育不良(focal cortical dysplasia,FCD)是脑皮质神经元移行障碍或细胞增殖障碍所导致的一种疾病,是皮质发育畸形(malformation cortical development,MCD)的亚型。MCD包括:FCD、半侧巨脑症(hemimegalen cephaly,HME)、多小脑回型(polymicrogyria,PMG)等。FCD通常是散发性疾病,少数研究显示FCD和遗传有关。FCD引起的癫痫通常手术治疗,FCDII型完全切除致痫灶预后良好,因此对FCD遗传学探究有助于发现新的诊治思路。过去10年对FCD遗传方面的报道越来越多,已有研究发现:mTOR基因突变、PI3K-PTEN-AKT3-TSC相关基因突变、PTKs通路基因突变、GATOR突变后对mTOR激活增强,均可能导致FCD。本文对以往关于FCD遗传学的研究,进行回顾总结,系统阐述,对碱基、氨基酸改变等综合分析,为FCD寻找新的治疗靶点,提供临床精准治疗。
法医物证学翻转课堂教学设计与效果分析

本文选取法医物证学的两个章节进行翻转课堂教学,与传统教学效果进行分析比较,发现采用翻转课堂教学班级的两个章节的成绩优于传统教学班级,且在提高学生的综合能力方面胜于传统教学模式。翻转课堂教学模式对教师提出了更高的要求,课前对课程内容的选择及教学设计对于教学效果及学生能力培养至关重要。
科学精神的传承、挑战与对策

中国科协第375次青年科学家论坛——“科学精神的传承与挑战”于2019年8月16日在大连理工大学举行。此次论坛由中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会承办。本刊摘录部分学者的主要观点,以飨读者。
表面非对称反应构筑双节点有机金属网格

非对称反应是指有机分子中的等价反应活性位点差异化地发生不同的反应。这类反应使得利用简单前驱体制备结构复杂的产物成为可能,因而在合成化学和材料科学中具有重要意义。然而,在传统的湿法合成化学中,受限于反应环境的均一性和不可控性,非对称反应很难实现。幸运的是,表面化学合成作为一种有效的自下而上的制备手段1–4,为实现非对称反应提供了新的思路。固体表面各向异性的晶格结构及多种多样的表面位点为分子提供了非均一的反应环境5,6;表面特有的二维限域效应和模板效应则进一步提高了反应的可控性7,8—这些都有利于非对称反应的发生。最近,苏州大学迟立峰教授课题组报道了由衬底表面晶格失配导致的分子不对称吸附及组装9,为实现非对称反应投出了一颗探路石。然而真正的表面非对称反应的实现仍然有待探索。
纳米硅担载提高锂-碳复合负极的电化学性能

金属锂作为锂离子电池负极,具有极高的比容量和极低的还原电势,也可和不含锂源的正极材料搭配做成如锂-硫,锂-氧气等电池,是发展下一代高能量密度电池的关键材料。从上个世纪七十年代开始,研究者们就开始了金属锂负极的研究。
战汗畏寒案

本案为阳虚之证,本当用灸法,但灸法施用时间过长,患者88岁高龄,恐难耐受。故仍取以针刺,健后天脾胃以益气血,强心肺以实肌表,在正气得补的基础上施以升阳举陷之百会、合谷穴,达到阳复而升的目的。
On Local Singularities in Ideal Potential Flows with Free Surface

Despite important advances in the mathematical analysis of the Euler equations for water waves, especially over the last two decades, it is not yet known whether local singularities can develop from smooth data in well-posed initial value problems. For ideal free-surface flow with zero surface tension and gravity, the authors review existing works that describe "splash singularities", singular hyperbolic solutions related to jet formation and "flip-through", and a recent construction of a singular free surface by Zubarev and Karabut that however involves unbounded negative pressure. The authors illustrate some of these phenomena with numerical computations of 2D flow based upon a conformal mapping formulation. Numerical tests with a different kind of initial data suggest the possibility that corner singularities may form in an unstable way from specially prepared initial data.
Deformation field around a thrust fault: A comparison between laboratory results and GPS observations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

On May 12, 2008, an Mw7.9 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. Movement of Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault in the Longmenshan Fault Zone was considered to be the main cause of the earthquake. Earthquakes are closely related to fault activities. Therefore, studying the strain distribution and evolution process around active fault zones is important to the understanding of seismic activities. In this study, we conduct laboratory experiments with uniaxial compression applied to marble sheets with intentionally fabricated cracks. The speckle patterns of the rock samples under different loading conditions are recorded in real time by a digital camera. To calculate the deformation fields of the deliberately cracked marble sheets during different stages of the loading processes, the recorded images are processed by the digital image correlation method. The distribution and variation of the displacement and strain are further analyzed in order to understand the strain localization of and observed damage in the experimental fracture zones. Finally, we compare these laboratory results with the GPS-observed coseismic displacements during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, to assess the consistency between our laboratory observations and the field observations of the earthquake, but also to suggest how laboratory results can improve thinking about how earthquake patterns do and do not reflect fault patterns.
Identifying miRNA-disease association based on integrating miRNA topological similarity and functional similarity

Background: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a significant type of non-coding RNAs, which usually were encoded by endogenous genes with about ~22 nt nucleotides. Accumulating biological experiments have shown that miRNAs have close associations with various human diseases. Although traditional experimental methods achieve great successes in miRNA-disease interaction identification, these methods also have some limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop computational method to predict miRNA-disease interactions. Methods: Here, we propose a computational framework(MDVSI) to predict interactions between miRNAs and diseases by integrating miRNA topological similarity and functional similarity. Firstly, the CosRA index is utilized to measure miRNA similarity based on network topological feature. Then, in order to enhance the reliability of miRNA similarity, the functional similarity and CosRA similarity are integrated based on linear weight method. Further, the potential miRNA-disease associations are predicted by using recommendation method. In addition, in order to overcome limitation of recommendation method, for new disease, a new strategy is proposed to predict potential interactions between miRNAs and new disease based on disease functional similarity. Results: To evaluate the performance of different methods, we conduct ten-fold cross validation and de novo test in experiment and compare MDVSI with two the-state-of-art methods. The experimental result shows that MDVSI achieves an AUC of 0.91, which is at least 0.012 higher than other compared methods. Conclusions: In summary, we propose a computational framework(MDSVI) for miRNA-disease interaction prediction. The experiment results demonstrate that it outperforms other the-state-of-the-art methods. Case study shows that it can effectively identify potential miRNA-disease interactions.
Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO_2 emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO_2 emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.
Supramolecular precursor strategy for the synthesis of holey graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance

A simple one-step thermal polymerization method was developed for synthesis of holey graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes, involving direct heating of mixtures of melamine and urea or melamine and cyanuric acid in specific mass ratios. Supramolecular structures formed between the precursor molecules guided nanotube formation. The porous and nanotubular structure of the nanotubes facilitated efficient charge carrier migration and separation, thereby enhancing photocatalytic H_2 production in 20 vol.% lactic acid under visible light irradiation. Nanotubes synthesized using melamine and urea in a 1:10 mass ratio (denoted herein as CN-MU nanotubes) exhibited a photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 1,073.6 μmol·h~(-1)·g~(-1) with Pt as the cocatalyst, a rate of 4.7 and 3.1 times higher than traditional Pt/g-C_3N_4 photocatalysts prepared from graphitic carbon nitride (g-C_3N_4) obtained by direct thermal polymerization of melamine or urea, respectively. On the basis of their outstanding performance for photocatalytic H_2 production, it is envisaged that the holey g-C_3N_4 nanotubes will find widespread uptake in other areas, including photocatalytic CO_2 reduction, dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochemical sensors.
Function-regeneration of non-porous hydrolyzed-MOF-derived materials

A facile synthetic strategy based on a water-based process is developed for the preparation of metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived materials by revisiting the hydrolyzed non-porous metal–organic frameworks (h-MOF). The poor water stability of MOF has been recognized as key limitations for its commercialization and large-scale applications because the hydrolysis resulted in the complete loss of their functionalities. However, we found that the negative effect of hydrolysis on MOF can be nullified during the heat treatment. As similar to the intact MOF, h-MOF can be used as a precursor for the preparation of MOF-derived materials from porous MOF-derived carbons (MDCs) to MDC@ZnO composites.The property of h-MOF-derived materials is almost equivalent to that of MOF-derived materials.In addition, h-MOF turned the weakness of water instability to the strength of facile water-based process for hybridization.With the demonstration of the hybrid composite between h-MDC@ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a prototype example, it exhibited superior electrochemical performance when evaluated as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Modulating the photoelectrons of g-C_3N_4 via coupling MgTi_2O_5 as appropriate platform for visible-light-driven photocatalytic solar energy conversion

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C_3N_4) has become an attractive visible-light-responsive photocatalyst because of its semiconductor polymer compositions and easy-modulated band structure. However, the bulk g-C_3N_4 photocatalyst has the low separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and unsatisfied surface catalytic performance, which leads to poor photocatalytic performance. As for this, MgTi_2O_5 with high chemical stability, wide band gap and negative conduction band was used as a suitable platform for coupling with g-C_3N_4 to enhance charge separation and promoted the photoactivity. Different from common approaches, here, we propose an innovative method to construct g-C_3N_4/MgTi_2O_5 nanocomposites featuring “0 + 1 > 1” magnification effect to improve g-C_3N_4 photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. Additionally, compositing metal oxides of MgTi_2O_5 with g-C_3N_4 has proven to be a proper strategy to accelerate surface catalytic reactions in g-C_3N_4, and the photoinduced carriers were modulated to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium, which convincingly promotes the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites was measured by hydrogen production and CO_2 reduction under visible light. The developed g-C_3N_4/MgTi_2O_5 nanocomposites with a 5 wt.% MgTi_2O_5 exhibits the highest H_2 and CO yield under visible light and excellent stability compare to the other MgTi_2O_5 contents in composites. According to surface photo-voltage spectra, electrochemical CO_2 reduction, photoluminescence, etc. The superior performance can be related to an enhanced electron lifetime, the promoted charge transfer and the increased electronic separation property of g-C_3N_4. Our work provides an approach to overcome the defect of pure g-C_3N_4, which accesses to composite with the second component matched well.
Encapsulating maytansinoid in pH-sensitive nanocarriers: The importance of using extremely potent cytotoxic agents and fast release for nanomedicine to achieve tumor elimination

The clinical translation of nanomedicine is hindered by the low delivery efficiency, and consequently drug concentration in tumor sites falls short of the therapeutic effective range which leads to poor clinical outcomes. One important lesson learned from the development of antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) is that to achieve significant clinical benefits, extremely potent cytotoxic agents and cleavable linkers should be used. By encapsulating maytansinoid, AP3, which is 100–1,000 times more potent than most conventional small molecule anticancer drugs, in pH-sensitive acetalated dextran-polyethylene glycol (PEG) (ADP) nanocarriers, even with only 1% drug loading, we were able to eradicate tumors in 50% of tested animals with negligible side effects, while free AP3 only showed marginal efficacy and severe liver damages. This study suggests that besides improving the low efficiency of nano-delivery systems, the potency of drug to be delivered is also critical to the clinical outcomes of nanomedicine. Our results also showed that ADP nanoparticles (NPs) were able to expand the narrow therapeutic window of maytansinoids in a similar manner to the ADCs.
Heterostructures in two-dimensional colloidal metal chalcogenides: Synthetic fundamentals and applications

As a new class of two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures constructed from metal chalcogenides (MCs) have been gaining tremendous attention due to their unprecedented physical and chemical phenomena, mainly originated from their distinct structural features such as composition, architecture type, spatial arrangement of each component, crystal structure, exposed facet and interface, dimensionality in their heterostructures. Towards the realization of practical applications, synthetic approaches need a rational design with a variety of architecture types including laterally-combined, vertically-aligned, and conformally-coated 2D MC heterostructures. Among various synthetic routes, solution-based synthesis is thought of as an alternative to fabrication through high-cost setups since it can control those structural features in a cheap fashion. This review presents recent progress on solution-based synthesis to produce various 2D MC heterostructures with a focus on the synthetic fundamentals in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects related to the growth mechanism. Four different synthetic approaches are reviewed: seeded growth, cation exchange reaction, colloidal atomic layer deposition, direct synthesis including one-step process and modified electrochemical method. We also provide some representative applications of 2D MC heterostructures and their hybrid composites in various fields including optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and battery. Finally, we offer an insight into challenges and future directions in a synthetic improvement of 2D MC heterostructures.