mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Madrean-Tethyan disjunctions and the North and South American amphitropical disjunctions in plants

The present paper reviews advances in the study of two major intercontinental disjunct biogeographic patterns: (ⅰ) between Eurasian and western North American deserts with the Mediterranean climate (the Madrean-Tethyan disjunctions); and (ⅱ) between the temperate regions of North and South America (the amphitropical disjunctions). Both disjunct patterns have multiple times of origin. The amphitropical disjunctions have largely resulted from long-distance dispersal, primarily from the Miocene to the Holocene, with available data indicating that most lineages dispersed from North to South America. Results of recent studies on the Mediterranean disjuncts between the deserts of Eurasia and western North America support the multiple modes of origin and are mostly consistent with hypotheses of long-distance dispersal and the North Atlantic migration. Axelrod's Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis, which implies vicariance between the two regions in the early Tertiary, has been favored by a few studies. The Beringian migration corridor for semiarid taxa is also supported in some cases.
Phylogenetic biogeography and taxonomy of disjunctly distributed bryophytes

More than 200 research papers on the molecular phylogeny and phylogenetic biogeography of bryophytes have been published since the beginning of this millenium. These papers corroborated assumptions of a complex ge-netic structure of morphologically circumscribed bryophytes, and raised reservations against many morphologically justified species concepts, especially within the mosses. However, many molecular studies allowed for corrections and modifications of morphological classification schemes. Several studies reported that the phylogenetic structure of disjunctly distributed bryophyte species reflects their geographical ranges rather than morphological disparities. Molecular data led to new appraisals of distribution ranges and allowed for the reconstruction of refugia and migra-tion routes. Intercontinental ranges of bryophytes are often caused by dispersal rather than geographical vicariance. Many distribution patterns of disjunct bryophytes are likely formed by processes such as short distance dispersal, rare long distance dispersal events, extinction, recolonization and diversification.
Estimating ancestral distributions of lineages with uncertain sister groups: a statistical approach to Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis and a case using Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) including fossils

We propose a simple statistical approach for using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) software to infer biogeographic histories without fully bifurcating trees. In this approach, ancestral ranges are first optimized for a sample of Bayesian trees. The probability P of an ancestral range r at a node is then calculated as P(r_Y)= Σ_(t=1)~ n F(r_Y)_t Pt where Y is a node, and F(r_Y) is the frequency of range r among all the optimal solutions resulting from DIVA optimization at node Y, t is one of n topologies optimized, and Pt is the probability of topology t. Node Y is a hypothesized ancestor shared by a specific crown lineage and the sister of that lineage "x", where x may vary due to phylogenetic uncertainty (polytomies and nodes with posterior probability <100%). Using this method, the ancestral distribution at Y can be estimated to provide inference of the geographic origins of the specific crown group of interest. This approach takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty as well as uncertainty from DIVA optimization. It is an extension of the previously described method called Bayes-DIVA, which pairs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with biogeographic analysis using DIVA. Further, we show that the probability P of an ancestral range at Y calculated using this method does not equate to pp* F(r_Y) on the Bayesian consensus tree when both variables are < 100%, where pp is the posterior probability and F(r_Y) is the frequency of range r for the node containing the specific crown group. We tested our DIVA-Bayes approach using Aesculus L., which has major lineages unresolved as a polytomy. We inferred the most probable geographic origins of the five traditional sections of Aesculus and ofAesculus californica Nutt. and examined range subdivisions at parental nodes of these lineages.Additionally, we used the DIVA-Bayes data from Aesculus to quantify the effects on biogeographic inference of including two wildcard fossil taxa in phylogenetic analysis. Our analysis resolved the geographic ranges of the parental nodes of the lineages of Aesculus with moderate to high probabilities. The probabilities were greater than those estimated using the simple calculation of pp*F(r_Y) at a statistically significant level for two of the six lineages. We also found that adding fossil wildcard taxa in phylogenetic analysis generally increased P for ancestral ranges including the fossil's distribution area. The △P was more dramatic for ranges that include the area of a wildcard fossil with a distribution area underrepresented among extant taxa. This indicates the importance of including fossils in biogeographic analysis. Exmination of range subdivision at the parental nodes revealed potential range evolution (extinction and dispersal events) along the stems of A. californica and sect. Parryana.
超声检查小儿甲状腺癌1例

患儿男,9岁,以左颈前肿物1个月为主诉入院.查体:一般状况良好,心肺无异常,左侧颈前区可见局限性隆起,左侧甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,可扪及包块,大小约2.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.5 cm,吞咽时随甲状腺上下活动.右甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,未扪及包块.双侧甲状腺未闻及血管杂音.双侧颈部扪及多枚淋巴结肿大,约黄豆、花生米大小.
Improved Performance of Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with an Electron Transport Emitter by Post-Annealing

The enhancement of electroluminescent (EL) performance of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) with electron transport emitter poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) through thermal annealing treatment is investigated.Post-annealing of the PLEDs at temperature 120℃ over the glass transition temperature of F8BT (99℃) could bring about an improvement of EL efficiency to more than twice that of the untreated devices,up to 6.02 cd/A.The improvement of the EL efficiency is due to the balance of electron and hole carriers in the exciton recombination zone,because the dominative electron current in the PLEDs could be reduced by post-annealing in terms of both issues of electron transport limited in the F8BT film and electron injection decreased by the interface between FSBT/cathode.
Etch Induction Time in CR-39 Detectors Etched in Na_2CO_3 Mixed NaOH Solution

Six different solutions of 6M NaOH,containing different amounts of Na_2CO_3 at 70℃ were used for the revelation of latent damage trails in CR-39 plastic track detectors.These detectors were earlier exposed to fission fragments from ~(252)Cf source for 30min in vacuum and were then etched in the respective solutions for different etching time intervals of 5-20 min starting from 5 min up to 160 min.The etch induction time in each detector was obtained by extrapolating the intersection of resulting curves of track lengths and track diameters with the time axis.
Effect of Phosphate on the Self-Assembly of Peptide EMK16-Ⅱ

The ionic-complementary peptide EMK16-Ⅱ is used to investigate the effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions on the self-assembling process by atomic force microscopy and circular dichroism spectra.It is found that the increase of hydrophobicity of the peptides promotes the aggregation of fibrils in pure water.The effects of phosphate with different concentrations on electrostatic interactions are also investigated.It is found that the self-assembling process is enhanced at a low concentration of phosphate and more ordered fibrillar aggregates are formed.When the concentration of phosphate increases to a certain value (gmM),only a few fibrils are found to be formed.No fibrils but amorphous aggregates exist when the concentration further increases.A physical interpretation is presented such that one divalent anion can interact with two positively charged residual groups in different peptide molecules like a "bridge" which destroys the ionic-complementary feature and largely inhibits the formation of ordered fibrils.
Dependence of Nucleon and Pion-Induced Fission Cross Sections on the Level Density Parameter in the Cascade-Exciton Model

A new method is used to compute the fission cross sections in which a change of the ratio of the level density parameter in fission to neutron emission channels is taken into account with the change of the incident energy of the projectile.It is shown that fission cross sections induced by nucleons and pions depend on the ratio of the level density parameter in the fission and evaporation modes,i.e.αf/αn,respectively.We are unable to describe well the cross sections for fission without using this new method.The computed values exhibit reasonable agreement with the experimental data found in the literature across a wide range of beam energies.
Distribution of carriers in gradient-doping transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy

The gradient-doping structure is first applied to prepare the transmission-mode OaAs photocathode and the integral sensitivity of the sealed image tube achieves 1420μA/lm. This paper studies the inner carrier concentration distribution of the gradient-doping transmission-mode GaAs photocathode after molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth using the electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling. The results show that an ideal gradient-doping structure can be obtained by using MBE growth. The total band-bending energy in the gradient-doping GaAs active-layer with doping concentration ranging from 1×10~(19) cm~(-3) to 1×10~(18) cm~(-3) is calculated to be 46.3 meV, which helps to improve the photoexcited electrons movement toward surface for the thin epilayer. In addition, by analysis of the band offsets, it is found that the worse carrier concentration discrepancy between GaAs and GaAlAs causes a lower back interface electron potential barrier which decreases the amount of high-energy photoelectrons and affects the short-wave response.
Photochemical kinetics for holographic grating formation in phenanthrenequinone doped poly (methyl methacrylate)photopolymer

The photochemical kinetics of phenanthrenequinone(PQ)doped poly(methyl methacrylate)photopolymer in holographic recording was studied theoretically and experimentally. The diffusion of PQ molecules during holographic recording was negligible because of its small diffusion coefficient at room temperature. A photochemical reaction kinetics model of PQ/PMMA was established. The analytical expressions for the temporal variations of transmittance and diffraction efficiency were derived. By fitting the experimental curves, some parameters related with the polymer components were obtained by the proposed model. which can be used to analyze the photochemical process and will be helpful to the optimization of material preparation.
In situ X-ray diffraction investigation of compression behavior in Gd_(40)Y_(16)Al_(24)Co_(20) bulk metallic glass under high pressure with synchrotron radiation

The compression behavior of the heavy RE-based BMG Gd_(40)Y_(16)Al_(24)Co_(20) under high pressure has been investigated by in situ high pressure angle dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation in the pressure range of 0～33.42 GPa at room temperature. By fitting the static equation of state at room temperature, we find the value of bulk modulus B is 61.27±4 GPa which is in good agreement with the experimental study by pulse-echo techniques of 58 GPa. The results show that the amorphous structure in the heavy RE-based BMG Gd_(40)Y_(16)Al_(24)Co_(20) keeps quite stable up to 33.42 GPa although its compressibility is as large as about 33%. The coexistence of normal local structure similar to that of other BMGs and covalent bond structure similar to those of oxide glasses may be the reason for the anomalous property under high pressure of the Gd4oY16Al24Co20 BMG.
Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves.The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO_24-. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.
Central region design for a 10 MeV internal ion source cyclotron

Internal ion sources are widely adopted in commercial cyclotrons used for short-life isotopes produc-tion. Without beam manipulation provided by the external beam injection line, the central region of this type of cyclotron is more sensitive and should be carefully designed. A design study and beam dynamics simulation for the central region of a 10 MeV compact cyclotron is presented. The OPERA3D/TOSCA code was used to calculate the electric field from a parameterized three dimensional (3D) central region model. With iterative structure optimizations of the central region, the beam centering and vertical focusing is well controlled, and the RF phase acceptance is around 25° A c++ code for beam simulation in the central region was developed and tested.
Low-lying states and isospin excitation in the Ge isotopes

The level structure of ~(64-70)Ge isotopes has been studied within the framework of the interacting boson model-3 (IBM-3). The symmetry character in the proton and neutron degrees of freedom of the energy levels has been investigated. The isospin excitation states (T>T_z) have been assigned for the ~(64)Ge (N=Z) nucleus. Some intruder states in these nuclei have been suggested. The calculated energy levels and transition probabilities are in good agreement with recent experimental data. The study indicates that the Ge isotopes are in transition from γ-unstable to vibrational.
玻璃体切割手术治疗视网膜静脉阻塞

视网膜静脉阻塞(Retinalveinocclusion,RVO)发生持久的玻璃体积血和视网膜脱离时,玻璃体切割手术是挽救视力的有效手段之一,积极探讨术后各种并发症的影响因素及解决办法,对于改善预后,提高手术质量有重要的意义.此文通过对患者术前相关疾病水平,术前视网膜损害程度,术中及术后并发症的综合分析,发现患者全身状态及局部组织炎症水平的稳定,对于视网膜静脉阻塞玻璃体积血行玻璃体切割手术治疗的效果有益.
血清降钙素原与C反应蛋白在感染性开放性骨折诊断中的应用价值

[目的]探讨血清降钙素原(procalcitonin PCT)和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)试验在开放性骨折感染的鉴别诊断作用价值.[方法]对30例开放性骨折感染患者,应用免疫比浊法测定血清中PCT和CRP水平.[结果]感染组与对照组CRP水平无统计学意义,而PCT水平感染组明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.01).[结论]联合检测血清中PCT和CRP浓度对开放性骨折感染的鉴别诊断有重要临床价值,指导临床医师合理使用抗生素.
Reinvestigation of liquid crystalline property of dimesogenic compound consisting of cholesterol and cyanobiphenyl

The dimesogenic compound consisting of cholesterol and cyanobiphenyl mesogens interlinked by ω-oxyalkanoyl spacer was synthesized.The mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),polarizing optical microscopy(POM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The experimental results indicated that this compound exhibited mesophase over a much wider temperature range and a new mesophase blue phase(BP).Focal conic domains(FCDs)and droplets texture to the smectic A phase(S_A),oily streaks typical to the chiral nematic(N~*)phase were found in the liquid crystalline state,respectively.Besides,it exhibited a smectic layer spacing about 1.0 time to the length of the molecule,which indicated a monolayer type of S_A ordering.
Stereoselective Synthesis of(Z)-4-(2-Bromovinyl)benzenesulfonyl Azide and Its Synthetic Utility for the Transformation to(2)-N-[4-(2-Bromovinyl)benzenesulfonyl]imidates

A novel method for the stereoselective synthesis of(Z)-4-(2-bromovinyl)benzenesulfonyl azide by simultaneous azidation and debrorninative decarboxylation of anti-2,3-dibromo-3-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)propanoic acid using NaN3 only was developed.Facile transformation of(Z)-4-(2-bromovinyl)benzenesulfonyl azide to(Z)-N-[4(2-bromovinyl)benzenesulfonyl]imidates was also achieved by Cu-catalyzed three-component coulping of (Z)-4-(2-bromovinyi)benzenesulfonyl azide,terminal alkynes and alcohols/phenols.
Removal of Naphthol Green B from Aqueous Solution by Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides:Adsorption Property and Mechanism Studies

The adsorption of naphthol green B(NGB)by Mg/Al-LDO(layered double oxides)with a Mg/Al molar ratio of librium is 193.4 mg and the percentage of absorption is 96.7%,with an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/L under the following condition:200 mg/L NGB concentration,temperature 298 K,pH 10.0 and an equilibrium time of 80 min.Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for fitting the isotherms,and the thermodynamic parameters have been calculated,which showed that the adsorption process was spon 'taneous and exothermic in nature.In the light of so called "memory effect",the Mg/Al-LDO was found to recover their original layered structure after adsorption,and part of NGB ions intercalated into the interlayer of LDH(layered double hydroxides),which has been supported by XRD and FTIR.In addition,the competitive anions for adsorption and the regeneration of Mg/AI-LDO have also been investigated.
Synthesis of a Number of 3-Alkyl Substituted Pyrrole Monomers

The problem of delamination of electro-deposited polypyrrole (PPY) layers on several substrates can be avoided by using an adhesion promoting system.A new class of compounds-ω-(pyrrol-3-yl)alkylphosphonic acids have been designed to link polypyrrole layers covalently to metal oxide surfaces.Synthetic routes,which lead to the formation of 3-substituted pyrroles with surface active groups are described.The synthesis and characterization are shown in detail.1-Phenylsulfonyl pyrrole was utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of 3-substituted pyrroles via Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.Subsequently,two methods were used to synthesize ω-(pyrrol-3-yl)alkylphosphonic acid esters.One starts from the brominated oxoalkyi derivatives by removing the protecting group followed by reduction yielding ω-(pyrrol-3-yl)alkylphosphonic acid esters.This method is suitable for hexyi or longer chain derivatives.The other is the reduction of carbonyl group followed by de-protection,which is successful for short as well as long chain derivatives.Finally,ω-(pyrrol-3-yl)alkylphosphonic acids were obtained by hydrolysis of the ester derivatives.
Colorimetric Sensors for Anion Recognition Based on the Proton Transfer Signaling Mechanism

Phenolic hydroxyl based sensors N,N-bi(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (1),2-[(4-nitrophenylimino)methyl] phenol (2) and 2-[p-tdylimino methyl] phenol (3) bearing Schiff-base groups can act as selective colorimetric sensors for anions,which exhibit distinct color changes in the presence of fluoride,but show no response to other halogen anions.They also give response to acetate,which is clearly visible to the naked eyes.The selectivity can be rationalized on the proton transfer signaling mechanism.The sensor 1 containing plural phenolic groups undergoes stepwise deprotonation of the two O-H fragments when it interacts with excess fluoride,which is confirmed by UV-Vis,~1H NMR and ~(19)F NMR spectroscopic methods.
中药材安全性问题的探讨

中药的安全性贯穿中药种植、加工、炮制、制剂等生产、购销、使用各个环节,因此就其范畴而言,包括中药生产安全性和临床安全性.中药材作为中药及其制剂的原材料,中药材基源正确与否、质地优劣是保障中药安全性的根本条件之一,因此中药材的安全性就显得尤为重要.
辛夷鼻炎丸的质量标准研究

目的 提高完善辛夷鼻炎丸的质量标准.方法 采用TLC法对处方中的鹅不食草、苍耳子、防风进行了定性鉴别;采用HPLC法测定防风中的升麻素苷进行了测定.结果 在TLC图谱中可检出鹅不食草、苍耳子、防风的特征斑点;升麻素苷在50.02～1004.0μg线性良好,精密度试验RSD为1.17%(n=6),加样回收率为101.4%,RSD为1.03%(n=9).结论 定性、定量方法简便、准确,能有效控制辛夷鼻炎丸的质量.
化疗联合贝伐单抗及帕尼单抗与化疗单纯联合贝伐单抗在治疗转移性结直肠癌作用中的比较

文献来源Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, et al. A randomized phase Ⅲ B trial of chemotherapy, Bevacizumab, and Panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and Bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27 (5): 672-680.
AN UNGUIDED TOUR STARTED FROM CHIRALITY

This survey article records an unguided mathematical tour by topologists at Peking University and their collaborators in the last ten years. The tour started from research on chirality and, attracted by questions around attractors, led to a zigzag path across topology and dynamics.People who joined us in this tour at various stages include Ding Fan, Liu Yi, Ni Yi, Pan Jianzhong, Yao Jiangang, Zheng Hao and Zhou Qing. Conversations with Robert Edwards, Wen Lan and others, added to the twists and turns that made the trip more fun.This article benefits from related lectures by these authors, in many conferences, universi-ties, as well as high schools.
围产期心肌病产妇行剖宫产术麻醉一例

妊娠合并心脏病的产妇行剖宫产时,由于妊娠特殊生理变化和心脏解剖和功能异常,麻醉和围术期处理中的风险明显增加.本文报道1例围产期心肌病(PPCM)产妇在硬膜外麻醉下实施剖宫产的麻醉和围术期处理体会.
肌注百草枯中毒死亡一例

患者女,22岁,因生活琐事自行于右上臂三角肌注射20%百草枯液体3 mL(+生理盐水2 mL稀释)13 h后送至本院急诊科;人院时表情自如,步态正常,无头昏、胸闷、气急,无咳嗽、咳痰、恶心呕叶;查体:BP 120/70 mmHg,体质量47kg,神志清楚,精神尚好.
7例轻微外伤致气性坏疽的诊治

气性坏疽足梭状芽孢杆菌等厌氧菌引起的特殊感染,临床上罕见,极易漏诊,失去早期治疗机会.该病病程发展非常迅速,短时间内出现中毒性休克,常致残致死,死亡率达20%～40%[1-2].
脂蛋白与脓毒症

20世纪80年代中期,人们发现革兰氏阴性(G~-)杆菌内毒素,可引发多种和大量的促炎细胞因了并参与了全身炎症反应形成脓毒症(sepsis).感染是引起全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的最常见因素,并且,研究发现G~-杆菌胞壁成分脂多糖(LPS,内毒素)和革兰氏阳性(G~+)细菌成分胞壁酸(LTA)在体内及体外都可以被脂蛋白结合并中和.
免散瞳数码眼底照相仪筛查糖尿病视网膜病变的应用价值

我院采用免散瞳数码眼底照相仪及散瞳直接眼底镜检查,同时对126例(245眼)糖尿患者进行眼底检查,筛查糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR),结果分析如下.
姜黄素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的疗效

目的 观察姜黄素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗效果.方法 制成佐剂性关节炎SD大鼠模型.设正常组、模型组、姜黄素组(腹腔注射姜黄素50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连续14 d)、甲氨蝶呤组(腹腔注射甲氨喋呤0.5 mg·kg~(-1)·3d~(-1),连续5次).造模后第9天起开始给药.观察大鼠体重增长率及第9、12、15、19、23天不同时间点疼痛反应和关节炎指数.结果 模型组大鼠的体重增长率与正常组及姜黄素组、甲氨蝶呤组相比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).模型组和正常组比较,各时间点疼痛反应评分和关节炎指数积分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).姜黄素组大鼠疼痛反应评分和关节炎指数积分在第15天(P<0.05)、第19天(P<0.01)、第23天(P<0.01)与模型组差异均有统计学意义;而甲氨蝶呤组关节炎指数积分在第19、23天,疼痛反应评分在第23天与模型组比较差异才有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 姜黄素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎具有治疗作用,可以降低疼痛反应和关节炎指数,且起效时间较甲氨蝶呤更早.
人工湿地技术在污水处理与水环境保护中的应用及展望

1 人工湿地在污水处理方面的应用人工湿地作为利用自然条件,运行成本较低的污水处理技术,起源于上世纪50年代,1969年和1974年分别在荷兰和德国建成了第一座表面流人工湿地和潜流人工湿地,目前全球已建有两万多座,在世界各国都有应用并已经积累了较丰富的建设和运行经验.
Conditions for Set Agreement with an Application to Synchronous Systems

The k-set agreement problem is a generalization of the consensus problem: considering a system made up of n processes where each process proposes a value, each non-faulty process has to decide a value such that a decided value is a proposed value, and no more than k different values are decided. While this problem cannot be solved in an asynchronous system prone to t process crashes when t ≥k, it can always be solved in a synchronous system; [t/k]+ 1 is then a lower bound on the number of rounds (consecutive communication steps) for the non-faulty processes to decide. The condition-based approach has been introduced in the consensus context. Its aim was to both circumvent the consensus impossibility in asynchronous systems, and allow for more efficient consensus algorithms in synchronous systems. This paper addresses the condition-based approach in the context of the k-set agreement problem. It has two main contributions. The first is the definition of a framework that allows defining conditions suited to the l-set agreement problem and the second is a generic synchronous k-set agreement algorithm based on conditions.