mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Co-crystals of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Insight toward formation, methods, and drug enhancement

Pharmaceutical co-crystals have been explored by many researchers as a strategy to optimize physicochemical properties of solid-state drugs. Their improvements of solubility, bioavailability, and the reduced tendency for phase transformation occurrence, are factors that highlight benefits of pharmaceutical co-crystals among other solid forms. According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are class II drugs, which have low aqueous solubility and therefore co-crystallization has the potential to optimize NSAID product properties. In this review, we highlight the recent progress made on NSAIDs co-crystals, their co-formers, synthesis, methods and use, while we underline some promising results on in vitro and in vivo co-crystal properties. A celecoxib-tramadol co-crystal reaches phase III clinical trials, showing greater analgesic activity than both individual APIs. The aqueous solubility of the co-crystal formed between l -proline and diclofenac is very high in comparison with the pure drug. Naproxen co-crystals with urea and thiourea have an increase of drug release of almost 60%. Co-crystal design brings a new perspective in drug development since the co-former used can also be a biologically active component allowing to combine different antiinflammatory drugs, which have an incredible spectrum of application due to the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Predicting wall drag coefficient and settling velocity of particle in parallel plates filled with Newtonian fluids

The hindrance of boundary to particle transport exists widely in various industrial applications. In this study, the wall drag force of parallel plates on settling particles was revealed through settling experiment. High-speed camera was used to record and analyze the settling process of particles in parallel plates that are filled with Newtonian fluids. A total of 600 experiments were carried out, involving the range of relative diameter and particle Reynolds number of 0.01–0.95 and 0.004–14.30, respectively. The wall drag coefficient was defined to quantitatively analyze the wall drag force of the parallel plates. The influence of relative diameter, particle properties, rheological properties, and the settling dynamic process on the wall drag coefficient was revealed, and the wall drag coefficient model with mean relative error of 5.90% was established. Furthermore, an explicit settling velocity model with mean relative error of 8.96% for the particle in parallel plates was developed by introducing a dimensionless variable independent of settling velocity, the Archimedes number. Finally, a calculation example was provided to clarify the using process of the explicit model. This research is expected to provide guidance for optimizing water hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas industry.
Thermal behaviors, combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash analysis of spent potlining for a hazardous waste management

An unavoidable but reusable waste so as to enhance a more circular waste utilization has been spent potlining (SPL) generated by the aluminum industry. The combustion mechanisms, evolved gasses, and ash properties of SPL were characterized dynamically in response to the elevated temperature and heating rates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicated an exothermic reaction behavior probably able to meet the energy needs of various industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms for the SPL combustion were best described using the 1.5-, 3- and 2.5-order reaction models. Fluoride volatilization rate of the flue gas was estimated at 2.24%. The SPL combustion emitted CO 2, HNCO, NO, and NO 2 but SO x. The joint optimization of remaining mass, derivative thermogravimetry, and derivative DSC was achieved with the optimal temperature and heating rate combination of 783.5 °C, and 5 °C/min, respectively. Interaction between temperature and heating rate exerted the strongest and weakest impact on DSC and remaining mass, respectively. The fluorine mainly as the formation of substantial NaF and CaF 2 in the residual ash. Besides, the composition and effect of environment of residual solid were evaluated. The ash slagging tendency and its mineral deposition mechanisms were elucidated in terms of turning SPL waste into a benign input to a circular waste utilization.
Rnf20 deficiency in adipocyte impairs adipose tissue development and thermogenesis

RNF20, an E3 ligase critical for monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub), has been implicated in the regulation of various cellar processes; however, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that the adipocyte-specific knockout of Rnf20 (ASKO) in mice led to progressive fat loss, organomegaly and hyperinsulinemia. Despite signs of hyperinsulinemia, normal insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance were observed in the young and aged CD-fed ASKO mice. In addition, high-fat dietfed ASKO mice developed severe liver steatosis. Moreover, we observed that the ASKO mice were extremely sensitive to a cold environment due to decreased expression levels of brown adipose tissue (BAT) selective genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and impaired mitochondrial functions. Significantly decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) were observed in the gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) from the ASKO mice, suggesting that Rnf20 regulates adipogenesis, at least in part, through Pparγ. Rosiglitazone-treated ASKO mice exhibited increased fat mass compared to that of the non-treated ASKO mice. Collectively, our results illustrate the critical role of RNF20 in control of white and brown adipose tissue development and physiological function.
A good gut feeling on Sarm1-mediated axon degeneration

Axons, the cable-like projections of neurons, experience a wide range of stressors throughout their lifetimes. The result of any one of these challenges can be catastrophic, promoting degeneration of the axon. Axon degeneration is an active signaling process observed in traumatic brain injury, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, and neurodegenerative disease (Simon and Watkins, 2018; Coleman and Hoeke, 2020). As a result, tremendous efforts have been made to identify biological targets that can be harnessed to block axon degeneration to treat these axonopathies. One promising candidate is Sarm1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing protein 1), a member of the Myd88 immune adaptor protein family that itself has no clear role in innate immunity. Sarm1 has emerged in fly and mouse as an essential signaling player in an axon-autonomous program of self-destruction (Osterloh et al., 2012; Loring and Thompson, 2019). Sarm1 loss-of-function potently protects axons from injury-induced “Wallerian” degeneration and axon degeneration seen in models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies (Geisler et al., 2016) and traumatic brain injury (Marion et al., 2019). While loss of Sarm1 is broadly protective, this protection is not universal, as evidenced by failure of the Sarm1 knockout to protect against axon degeneration in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Peters et al., 2018). As our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration improves, the question of why neurons contain activators of axon destruction remains unanswered. Could there be contexts in which axon degeneration is beneficial?
基于洪水行为特征指标的我国山洪类型辨识与模拟

受地形地貌和水文气象条件的影响,山洪过程呈现显著的时空分异性,准确识别和模拟代表性洪水过程类型对山洪灾害防治具有重要意义.以3个洪峰特性指标(洪峰模数、峰现时间和洪水时间尺度)和3个洪水动力学特性指标(涨洪速率、落洪速率和变差系数)刻画山洪行为过程,采用主成分分析、动态K均值聚类、相似性检验和流域水文模拟(HEC和新安江模型)相结合,识别和模拟了典型山洪类型及其行为特征指标,并以全国不同类型区8个流域177场次小时洪水事件进行实例应用.结果表明:所有洪水事件共划分为3种类型,即低强度流量、峰现早、形态尖瘦的洪水类型(类型1),低强度流量、峰现晚、形态矮胖的洪水类型(类型2)和高强度流量、峰现晚的洪水类型(类型3).山洪类型与流域森林覆盖率、流域面积、最大雨强出现时间、最大雨强、降雨量集中度等影响因子具有高度一致性. HEC和新安江模型模拟效果基本一致,对于类型1~3的洪水事件,径流深平均相对误差分别为23.25~27.98%、11.95~18.19%和8.30~18.25%,平均Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别为0.39~0.54、0.76~0.85和0.86~0.91;类型1~3的所有行为特征指标平均相对均方根误差(RMSEr)分别为0.37~0.69、0.37~0.41和0.18~0.25,平均相关系数(r)分别为0.52~0.68、0.78~0.85和0.88~0.94;类型2和3的洪水洪峰特性指标模拟效果最好, RMSEr和r分别为0.18~0.28和0.86~0.91;类型3的洪水动力学特性指标模拟效果最好, RMSEr和r分别为0.19~0.21和0.91~0.97.研究结果为流域洪水管理提供了详细的洪水信息支持,也从洪水行为过程的视角为中小流域暴雨洪水模拟提供新的思路.
中国区域的地表风速还在减弱吗?

20世纪60年代以来,全球地表风速呈现减弱趋势,即所谓的全球“地表静化”现象.然而,最新研究指出全球地表风速在2010年前后出现了转折性变化,呈现增大的趋势.那么,中国区域是否存在类似的现象呢?为了回答这个问题,本文基于1971~2019年地表风速的观测数据,分析了中国地表风速长期趋势的转折性变化及其区域差异.结果表明,中国区域平均年地表风速在2014年左右出现了转折性增强趋势,即中国的“地表静化”可能在2014年终止了,随后地表风速进入了显著的增强阶段.但是,这种转折性变化存在着明显的区域性和季节性特征.例如,在中国东北、新疆西部和青藏高原地区,其年和季节地表风速分别在2013/2014年、1993/1994年和2000年左右出现了转折性增强趋势;但在华北以西地区,仅有秋冬季地表风速在2007年左右出现了转折性增强趋势;中国南方仅有秋季地表风速在2012年左右出现了转折性增强趋势.而“地表静化”在中国东部沿海、南部沿海、华北和新疆东部地区仍在持续.
运动防治高尿酸血症的研究现状与展望

高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)是由于机体嘌呤代谢异常导致尿酸生成持续增多和尿酸排泄减少而引起的代谢类疾病,其发病机制较为复杂。肾脏尿酸盐转运体在HUA形成和发展中起重要作用,也是迄今为止治疗HUA的最有效靶点。近年来运动已被用作HUA常规临床治疗辅助手段并取得了较好的效果,表明运动可以对机体尿酸代谢产生良性影响,但是目前有关运动调控机体尿酸代谢的微观分子机制尚不完全明确。因此,本研究以运动在HUA治疗中的应用为切入点,梳理当前运动防治HUA的研究现状及运动影响机体尿酸代谢的可能机制,为今后运动在HUA防治中的应用提供参考。
基于数据挖掘的非小细胞肺癌中医证素分布规律及其特征研究

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌中医证素分布规律及特征,为中医临床辨证提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识平台、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普网中公开发表的非小细胞肺癌中医证候及症状相关文献,检索日期自建库至2019年7月31日;建立数据库并提取相关信息,采用Excel 2016软件统计核心证素及其相应症状频次、频率;采用SPSS 26.0软件,运用二元Logistic回归,以核心证素为因变量,症状为自变量,构建核心证素与症状回归模型;采用SPSS Modeler 14.1软件,基于Apriori算法进行关联规则分析,以核心证素为后项、症状为前项,筛选强关联组合。结果①纳入文献385篇,涉及22个证素,核心证素包括肺、气虚、阴虚等。证素组合形式以三证素及两证素为主,包括肺+气虚+阴虚、痰+湿+肺、痰+血瘀、阴虚+阳虚等。②二元Logistic回归筛选出各核心证素中OR值> 3的症状,如气虚:少气懒言(17.626,OR值,下同) 、自汗(11.815) 、脉细弱(10.526) 、气短(4.587);阴虚:咽干(25.203) 、盗汗(11.964) 、痰量少(10.853) 、舌苔少(6.128) 、舌红(4.591) 、发热(4.074) 、气短(3.669) 、痰中夹血(3.486) 。③关联规则分析显示强关联规则有10条,包括自汗+气短+神疲+咳嗽=气虚,盗汗+痰量少+舌红=阴虚等。结合上述方法,总结出各核心证素及其症状特征。结论非小细胞肺癌核心病位证素在肺、脾,病性证素分为虚实两端,虚证有气虚、阴虚、阳虚,实证有痰、血瘀、湿、热;证素组合分布存在一定规律,各核心证素症状特征明显,可为临床辨证提供参考。
精准营养的评价指标体系进展

世界卫生组织指出,包括心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病在内的慢性非传染性疾病的首要危险因素是不健康饮食和营养不良。同时,膳食干预可以对人体免疫系统产生有益影响,从而提高人体对部分急性感染疾病的免疫力。例如,有研究者指出,在2020年的全球新型冠状病毒肺炎的大流行中,营养因素对于人群易感性和感染后结局都有着重要的影响。由此可见,无论是为了预防慢性病还是急性感染,适当的营养干预都能够有效地提高居民的健康水平。2011年,《走向精准医学》一书中正式提出了“精准医学”这一概念。2015年,美国启动精准医疗计划,建立了百万人群的队列,并开始了相关研究。在此之后,“精准”概念开始发展,精准营养也应运而生。精准营养是指借用大数据分析手段,整合个体遗传背景、生活方式特征、生理状态、代谢指征和肠道微生物特征等因素,对个体进行安全而高效的个性化营养干预,从而维持个体健康,预防及控制疾病的发生和发展。精准营养将个体的遗传背景、环境因素与生活习惯等差异都考虑在内,集合了疾病预防、疾病病因和病理过程的认知,使用基于大数据集的数据分析手段,尽可能为个体提供安全、有效和经济的营养方案。精准营养的一大特点是通过多种评价体系将人群分为多个亚组,并按照个体所处的亚组为其提供个性化的营养干预方案。本文将对精准营养目前使用的以及将来可能使用的评价指标体系进行介绍。
天津市监狱羁押人群结核病患者分离菌株的分子流行病学研究

目的研究天津地区监狱流行的结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)菌株的主要基因型,菌株间的进化关系以及结核病在监狱羁押人员中传播的主要模式。方法选取天津市结核病控制中心参比实验室菌株库中保存的2013年1月至2016年6月来自天津市监狱管理局羁押人员不同结核病患者痰标本中分离培养的124株MTB菌株,采用多重PCR试验检测菌株基因组中RD105差异区域的缺失情况以鉴定北京基因型MTB;使用15个VNTR位点对菌株开展基因分型研究,根据菌株的成簇情况评估天津地区监狱羁押人员结核病近期传播的水平。结果天津监狱结核病患者分离培养的124株MTB菌株中,北京基因型MTB为116株,占全部分析菌株的93.5%。全部124株MTB菌株的VNTR基因分型显示93株(75.0%)为基因分型同簇株,共形成了18个基因分型簇,其中最大的分型簇由25株北京基因型MTB组成,其余的31株MTB为基因分型独特型。基因分型数据经最小生成树算法分析显示,124株MTB被分为3个基因型。其中116株北京基因型MTB组成了其中的1个基因型;8株非北京基因型菌株中,3株MTB和5株MTB分别组成另外2个基因型。结论天津监狱羁押人员中,北京基因型MTB传播的最为广泛,是绝对优势菌株。基因分型表明近期传播(外源性感染)是MTB在监狱羁押人群中传播的主要模式。
慢性病防控资源范畴与分类研究

慢性病已成为我国严重的公共卫生问题。2012年中国居民慢性病死亡率达533/10万,占全部死亡的86.6%。2015年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2015)显示, 2015年中国慢性病导致的伤残调整寿命年(DALY)为2.8亿人年,占总DALY的81.3%,慢性病严重吞噬着我国经济发展的成果。因此,加强慢性病防控尤为重要。卫生资源是社会在提供医疗卫生服务过程中占用或消耗的各种生产要素的总称,也是实现和维护人群健康的基础和保障,常分为人力、物力、财力、技术和信息。卫生资源的拥有量与人群健康水平密切相关,慢性病防控工作作为卫生领域的重要组成部分,同样需要以各类资源为基础。国外慢性病防控资源研究多针对慢性病患者,国内针对慢性病防控资源的研究较少。《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017-2025年)》中明确了慢性病防治要“统筹各方资源,健全政府主导、部门协作、动员社会、全民参与的慢性病综合防治机制”,丰富了慢性病防控资源的内涵。本文在大健康理念下,界定适合中国国情的慢性病防控资源范畴与分类,以期为慢性病防控资源的配置与评价、提高其配置效率提供依据。
In First Time:Synthesis and Spectroscopic Interpretations of Manganese(Ⅱ),Nickel(Ⅱ)and Mercury(Ⅱ) Clidinium Bromide Drug Complexes

Clidinium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have an antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract.Inhibits the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine at neurotransmitter sites after parasympathetic ganglia.It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease and to help relieve stomach or stomach cramps or cramps due to abdominal cramps,diverticulitis,and irritable bowel syndrome.Mononuclear complexes of the manganese(Ⅱ),nickel(Ⅱ)and mercury(Ⅱ)with clidinium bromide drug(C_(22)H_(26)NO_3)types[M(C_(22)H_(25)NO_3)_2 (H_2O)_4]and[Hg(C_(22)H_(25)NO_3)_2 (H_2O)_2] where M=Mn(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ),have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements,magnetic,electronic,~1H-NMR and infrared spectral studies.The complexes confirm to 1∶2 stoichiometry and are non-electrolytes.The clidinium drug ligand (C_(22)H_(26)NO_3)act as a deprotonated monovalent monodentate chelate coordinating through hydroxyl oxygen where IR spectral bands of clidinium bromide shows a band at 3 226 cm~(-1) assigned to the OH group stretching frequency,this band ν(O-H)stretching vibration motion is disappeared in case of the infrared spectra of the Mn(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),and Hg(Ⅱ)complexes suggesting the involvement of the oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH group of clidinium ligand in complexation.The band for theν(C-O)of alcoholic group of clidinium that appears at 1 240 cm~(-1) has blue shifted after complexity,indicating the participation of the alcoholic group in the coordination. ~1 H NMR spectrum for clidinium bromide show a singlet peak at 3.65 ppm due to proton of OH group which isn't observed in the spectrum of mercury(Ⅱ)complex referring to the deprotonation of OH group and participated in the complexation.Based on electronic spectra,IR spectra and magnetic moment measurements; six coordinated octahedral structures have been proposed for the manganese and nickel(Ⅱ)complexes,while mercury(Ⅱ)complex has a four coordinated geometry.Thermogravimetric analyses studies revealed the presence of coordinated water molecules.For instance the X-ray powder diffraction pattern and scanning electronic microscopy for the Hg(Ⅱ)complex deduced that it was isolated in nanostructured with crystallinity form.
温带国家与热带国家外来入侵动物比较分析

生物入侵主要是指生物由原来的生存地侵入到新的环境中,造成经济损失和生态灾难的过程(戈峰,2017)。造成生物入侵现象的原因有很多,其中纬度和温度条件是影响入侵物种传入、定殖、扩散和暴发的重要因素。纬度变化会影响当地的有效积温,而有效积温是影响生物生存的关键因素(Alpert et al.,2000)。在我国外来入侵植物来源中,热带美洲成分往北逐渐减少,源于北美洲、欧亚大陆及邻国的气候类型与温带气候契合,随着向北偏移更易找到合适的生态位进行繁殖扩散(张渊媛,2011)。目前在全球大尺度下,生物入侵相关的研究报道较少,本研究基于大量数据对温带和热带国家的外来入侵动物进行比较分析,以期为全球尺度上外来入侵动物的评估、影响与管理提供参考。
Data-driven Robust State Estimation Through Off-line Learning and On-line Matching

To overcome the shortcomings of model-driven state estimation methods, this paper proposes a data-driven robust state estimation (DDSE) method through off-line learning and on-line matching. At the off-line learning stage, a linear regression equation is presented by clustering historical data from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), which provides a guarantee for solving the over-learning problem of the existing DDSE methods; then a novel robust state estimation method that can be transformed into quadratic programming (QP) models is proposed to obtain the mapping relationship between the measurements and the state variables (MRBMS). The proposed QP models can well solve the problem of collinearity in historical data. Furthermore, the off-line learning stage is greatly accelerated from three aspects including reducing historical categories, constructing tree retrieval structure for known topologies, and using sensitivity analysis when solving QP models. At the on-line matching stage, by quickly matching the current snapshot with the historical ones, the corresponding MRBMS can be obtained, and then the estimation values of the state variables can be obtained. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed DDSE method has obvious advantages in terms of suppressing over-learning problems, dealing with collinearity problems, robustness, and computation efficiency.
Coordinated Operation of Concentrating Solar Power Plant and Wind Farm for Frequency Regulation

As a dispatchable renewable energy technology, the fast ramping capability of concentrating solar power (CSP) can be exploited to provide regulation services. However, frequent adjustments in real-time power output of CSP, which stems out of strategies offered by ill-designed market, may affect the durability and the profitability of the CSP plant, especially when it provides fast regulation services in a real-time operation. We propose the coordinated operation of a CSP plant and wind farm by exploiting their complementarity in accuracy and durability for providing frequency regulation. The coordinated operation can respond to regulation signals effectively and achieve a better performance than conventional thermal generators. We further propose an optimal bidding strategy for both energy and frequency regulations for the coordinated operation of CSP plant and wind farm in day-ahead market (DAM). The validity of the coordinated operation model and the proposed bidding strategy is verified by a case study including a base case and sensitivity analyses on several impacting factors in electricity markets.
Effect of corrosion inhibiting compounds on the corrosion behaviour of pure magnesium and the magnesium alloys EV31A,WE43B and ZE41A

This paper studied corrosion of pure Mg and the Mg alloys EV31A,WE43B,ZE41A,coated with commercial corrosion inhibiting compounds(CICs)(LPS 3,LPS2,AMLGuard,Ardrox 3961) immersed in 3.5 wt%(0.6 M) NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)_2.All four CICs reduced corrosion rates.LPS 3 resulted in zero corrosion rates and 100% inhibition in most cases.LPS 2 and AMLGuard had comparable inhibition efficiencies,whilst Ardrox 3961 had the lowest inhibition efficiency.Reduction in corrosion rates was tentatively attributed to barrier films formed by chemical adsorption for LPS 3 and AMLGuard,and by physical adsorption for LPS2 and Ardrox 3961.
A comprehensive review of miniatured wind energy harvesters

Following the current rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT) and wireless condition monitoring systems,energy harvesters which use ambient energy have become a key part of achieving an energy-autonomous system.Miniature wind energy harvesters have attracted widespread attention because of their great potential of power density as well as the rich availability of wind energy in many possible areas of application.This article provides readers with a glimpse into the state-of-the-art of miniature wind energy harvesters.The crucial factors for them to achieve high working efficiency under lower operational wind speed excitation are analyzed.Various potential energy coupling mechanisms are discussed in detail.Design approaches for broadening operational wind-speed-range given a variety of energy coupling mechanisms are also presented,as observed in the literature.Performance enhancement mechanisms including hydrodynamic configuration optimization,and non-linear vibration pick-up structure are reviewed.Conclusions are drawn and the outlook for each coupling mechanisms is presented.
Advanced architecture designs towards high-performance 3D microbatteries

Rechargeable microbatteries are important power supplies for microelectronic devices.Two essential targets for rechargeable microbatteries are high output energy and minimal footprint areas.In addition to the development of new high-performance electrode materials,the device configurations of microbatteries also play an important role in enhancing the output energy and miniaturizing the footprint area.To make a clear vision on the design principle of rechargeable microbatteries,we firstly summarize the typical configurations of microbatteries.The advantages of different configurations are thoroughly discussed from the aspects of fabrication technologies and material engineering.Towards the high energy output at a minimal footprint area,a revolutionary design for microbatteries is of great importance.In this perspective,we review the progress of fabricating microbatteries based on the rolled-up nanotechnology,a derivative origami technology.Finally,we discussed the challenges and perspectives in the device design and materials optimization.
Free-standing flexible graphene-based aerogel film with high energy density as an electrode for supercapacitors

Two-dimensional graphene film exhibits sluggish ion diffusivity while three-dimensional(3D) graphene aerogel has low packing density and poor mechanical flexibility.Consequently,there is an urgent need for graphenebased film with both mechanical robustness and high specific capacitance.Here,we present an easy and scalable strategy for fabricating a free-standing flexible graphene-based aerogel film electrode with a two-layered structure,in which the top layer is an interconnected macroporous reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube(RGO/CNT) aerogel,and the bottom layer is a flexible electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN) nanofiber membrane.The porous 3D structure of the aerogel provides fast transport of electrolyte ions and electrons,while the nanofiber membrane provides both strong support for the aerogel and mechanical flexibility.Polypyrrole(PPy) can be uniformly loaded on RGO/CNT/PAN(RCP) composite aerogel film to provide pseudocapacitance,and nitrogen-doped RGO/CNT/carbon nanofiber(NRCC) aerogel film can be obtained by further pyrolysis.The resultant RCP@PPy-0.05//NRCC based asymmetric supercapacitor can have a maximum voltage of 1.7 V and a maximum energy density of 60.6 W h kg~(-1) at 850.2 W kg~(-1).This indicates that free-standing graphene-based aerogel film can be used in flexible supercapacitors.
Redox flow batteries based on insoluble redox-active materials.A review

The ever-increasing demand for energy has stimulated the development of economical non-fossil fuels.As representative of clean energy,solar and wind have been identified as the most promising energy sources due to their abundance,cost efficiency,and environmental friendliness.The intrinsic intermittent of the clean energy leads to the urgent requirements large-scale energy storage technique.Redox flow batteries(RFBs) are attractive technology due to their independent control over energy and power.Insoluble redox-active flow battery is a new type of electrochemical energy storage technology that disperses redox-active particles in the electrolyte.Compared with traditional flow batteries,insoluble flow batteries have advantages of large energy density and are very promising in the development of large-scale energy storage systems.At present,three types of insoluble flow batteries have been explored:slurry-based flow batteries,metal/slurry hybrid,and redox-mediator-assisted flow batteries.This Review summarizes the research progress of insoluble flow batteries,and analyzes the key challenges from the fundamental research and practical application perspectives.