mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Annealing temperature-dependent electrochemical properties of Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium storage

TiO_2 has been widely studied as an important electrode material for electrochemical energy storage. Understanding its relationship between textural properties and electrochemical characteristics is essential to boosting its practical performances. Herein, Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles annealing at different temperatures (400–600 ℃) were investigated as an anode material of lithium ion battery. Their evolution in crystal phase and microstructural characteristics were characterized by XRD and BET surface analysis, and their lithium storage properties in half-cells were evaluated by various electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry, cycling testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the lithium storage properties were critically dependent on the size of TiO_2 anode materials. Pristine P25 initially exhibited the highest initial discharge specific capacity due to its smallest particle size; however, rapid capacity loss occurred during extended cycling. The annealing process was found to effectively enhance the cycling stability of TiO_2 although possessing a large particle size and smaller surface area. Typically, P400 showed the best performances in cycling stability, capacity retention ratio, and rate capability, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of high crystallinity, reasonable particle size, and less internal resistance. This study provides an instance of optimizing the textural properties of metal oxides for advanced LIB anode material applications.
Challenges in band alignment between semiconducting materials: A case of rutile and anatase TiO_2

This topical review focuses on the recently active debate on the band alignment between two polymorphs of TiO_2, rutile and anatase. A summary is given to the popular methods for measurement and calculation of band alignment between materials. We point out, through examination of recently experimental and theoretical reports, that the outstanding discrepancy in the band alignment between two TiO_2 phases is attributed to factors that influence band alignment rather than needs a definite answer of which band alignment is right. According to an important factor, the presence of an interface, a new classification of band alignment is proposed as the coupled and intrinsic band alignments. This classification indeed reveals that the rutile/anatase interface can qualitatively change the type of their band alignment. However, further systematic information of the interface and other factors that influence band alignment will be needed to better understand changes in energy bands of materials. The results obtained from discussion of the band alignment between rutile and anatase may also work for the band alignment between other semiconductors.
Radiation-induced precipitation of transmutation elements rhenium/ osmium and their effects on hydrogen behavior in tungsten

Here, we review recent computational findings focused on the behavior of transmutation elements (TEs) in Tungsten (W). W is chosen as one of the most promising materials for the divertor armor and plasma facing components in future fusion reactors. However, W in exposure of fusion neutrons can cause the transmutation reaction and produce TEs, such as rhenium and osmium. The presence of TEs can change chemical component of materials, and therefore inevitably influence the microstructure and properties of W materials. Multiscale simulation methods have been employed to investigate the dissolution, diffusion and radiation induced precipitation of TEs, as well as their effects on the behaviors of hydrogen isotopes in W. This systematic review can provide an insightful understanding to estimate the influence of TEs on the properties and performance of Wbased materials.
Multimodal treatment for spinal cord injury:a sword of neuroregeneration upon neuromodulation

Spinal cord injury is linked to the interruption of neural pathways,which results in irreversible neural dysfunction.Neural repair and neuroregeneration are critical goals and issues for rehabilitation in spinal cord injury,which require neural stem cell repair and multimodal neuromodulation techniques involving personalized rehabilitation strategies.Besides the involvement of endogenous stem cells in neurogenesis and neural repair,exogenous neural stem cell transplantation is an emerging effective method for repairing and replacing damaged tissues in central nervous system diseases.However,to ensure that endogenous or exogenous neural stem cells truly participate in neural repair following spinal cord injury,appropriate interventional measures (e.g.,neuromodulation) should be adopted.Neuromodulation techniques,such as noninvasive magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation,have been safely applied in many neuropsychiatric diseases.There is increasing evidence to suggest that neuromagnetic/electrical modulation promotes neuroregeneration and neural repair by affecting signaling in the nervous system;namely,by exciting,inhibiting,or regulating neuronal and neural network activities to improve motor function and motor learning following spinal cord injury.Several studies have indicated that fine motor skill rehabilitation training makes use of residual nerve fibers for collateral growth,encourages the formation of new synaptic connections to promote neural plasticity,and improves motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.With the development of biomaterial technology and biomechanical engineering,several emerging treatments have been developed,such as robots,brain-computer interfaces,and nanomaterials.These treatments have the potential to help millions of patients suffering from motor dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury.However,large-scale clinical trials need to be conducted to validate their efficacy.This review evaluated the efficacy of neural stem cells and magnetic or electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitation training and intelligent therapies for spinal cord injury according to existing evidence,to build up a multimodal treatment strategy of spinal cord injury to enhance nerve repair and regeneration.
Role of animal models in glaucoma research

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye,and it presents with visual field defects accompanied by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).It is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide and affects 1 in 20 people over the age of 40.Glaucoma is caused by multiple factors,but it is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).Extensive studies have been carried out to discover therapeutic targets and to develop new drugs to treat ocular hypertension using experimental models of rodents (rats and mice) and non-human primates (e.g.,cynomologus,rhesus,or marmoset monkeys),in which non-human primates provide unique insights into disease pathology that cannot be studied in rodents.Currently,almost all effective therapies in clinics aim to reduce IOP.However,not all glaucoma patients respond to this type of treatment and there is a subtype of glaucoma termed normal tension glaucoma (NTG),which is not accompanied by high IOP.Therefore,therapies targeting factors other than IOP are unmet medical need that could benefit cases when IOP reduction is not effective.
Rhizosphere Aeration Improves Nitrogen Transformation in Soil,and Nitrogen Absorption and Accumulation in Rice Plants

Two rice cultivars (Xiushui 09 and Chunyou 84) were used to evaluate the effects of various soil oxygen (O_2) conditions on soil nitrogen (N) transformation,absorption and accumulation in rice plants.The treatments were continuous flooding (CF),continuous flooding and aeration (CFA),and alternate wetting and drying (AWD).The results showed that the AWD and CFA treatments improved soil N transformation,rice growth,and N absorption and accumulation.Soil NO_3~– content,nitrification activity and ammonia-oxidising bacteria abundance,leaf area,nitrate reductase activity,and N absorption and accumulation in rice all increased in both cultivars.However,soil microbial biomass carbon and pH did not significantly change during the whole period of rice growth.Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the nitrification activity and ammonia-oxidising bacteria abundance,and both of them significantly increased as the total N accumulation in rice increased.Our results indicated that improved soil O_2 conditions led to changing soil N cycling and contributed to increases in N absorption and accumulation by rice in paddy fields.
介入治疗早期急性肠系膜血管闭塞性肠梗阻疗效分析

急性肠系膜血管闭塞(acute mesenteric vascular obstruction,AMVO)所致肠梗阻具有起病急、进展快、病情险、早期临床症状不典型等特点,若延误治疗,预后极差,病死率高达59% ~93%,是一种严重的普外科急腹症。对于该病早发现早治疗是关键,解放军总医院第六医学中心2004年1月至2016年2月,采用早期血管腔内介入方法治疗急性肠系膜血管栓塞性肠梗阻患者24例,取得较为满意的临床疗效,现报道如下。
Bile acid synthetic defects: Simplified approach in a nutshell

Bile acid synthetic defects (BASD) constitute a rare group of disorders with manifestations in children as well as adults. Diagnosing the individual BASD mandates a lucid understanding of the bile acid synthetic pathway. However, the synthesis pathway is complex, consisting of numerous enzymes and intermediate products that are volatile in the physician's memory. Despite paucity of literature, a simplified approach to the BASD is presented in this paper.
妇产科住院医师规范化培训实行导师制的效果分析

目的探讨妇产科住院医师规范化培训中实施导师制是否可以增强临床教学效果。方法纳入2010年9月~2018年9月我科接受规范化培训住院医师84人,其中有导师组54人,无导师组30人。回顾性分析评估2014年后应用导师制的教学效果。结果有导师组轮转出科考核总成绩(93.5 ±3.0)分,显著高于无导师组(89.8 ±4.8)分(t = -5.922,P=0.000)。与无导师组比较,有导师组病史采集成绩[(4.4±0.6)分vs.(4.2 ±0.4)分,t = - 2. 561,P = 0.011]、体格检查+病历书写成绩[(9.1±0.7)分vs.(8.4±0.9)分,t=-5.610,P =0.000]、临床思维考核成绩[(13. 2 ±1.1)分vs.(12.0 ±2.2)分,t= -4. 574,P =0.000]和临床技能操作成绩[(18. 3 ± 1. 2)分 vs.(16. 4 ± 2. 1)分,t = - 7. 113,P = 0. 000]均有显著提高。北京市住院医师规范化培训一阶段通过率2015、2016年(无导师住院医师)分别为62. 5%(5/8)和66.7%(8/12);2017、2018年(有导师住院医师)通过率均为100.0%(9/9))。导师制前非在读研究生住院医师发表科研文章数量为0,导师制后每年为1 ~2篇。结论妇产科住院医师规范化培训实行导师制教学模式明显改善临床教学效果,提高出科考试成绩、一阶段临床能力考核通过率,同时增强临床科研能力和科研产出。
神农架奇异岩石的故事

华中第一高峰所处的神农架地区,四季风光各异。春天,百花齐放,百鸟啁啾,那粉红的、雪白的高山杜鹃,映衬在蓝天白云之下,让人留连忘返;夏天,山峦间云雾缭绕,特别是雨后初霁,云雾从山脚升腾而起形成云海,沿着山谷向山峰盘旋,宛如仙境;秋天,满山金黄、火红;冬天,白雪皑皑,冰棱高挂,神农架变成了南方人的雪乡。
AIS患者弯腰与站立姿势下椎体旋转度差异

[目的]探讨AIS患者弯腰姿势下脊柱旋转度变化的病理意义。[方法]对103例门诊患者进行弯腰和直立姿势下脊柱旋转度的测量,并对脊柱旋转度变化和Cobb角度、年龄、性别、棘突间隙增宽程度、椎体间隙减小程度进行了相关性分析,以期阐明AIS患者弯腰姿势下脊柱旋转度变化的病理意义。[结果]弯腰姿势下脊柱旋转度较站立姿势显著增加,同时脊柱旋转度增加量与Cobb角度有显著相关性,但与年龄无明显相关。弯腰姿势下棘突间隙距离和椎体前方间距出现了显著变化,其变化量与脊柱旋转度增量呈线性相关。[结论] AIS患者弯腰姿势下椎体旋转度会显著加重,同时椎体旋转度与棘突间隙距离和椎体前方距离显著相关。提示椎体前方韧带松弛及椎体后方的栓系增加可能与弯腰姿势下椎体旋转度增加甚至脊柱侧凸发生密切相关,但尚需进一步实验证实。
乳腺疾病超声检查质量控制专家共识(2019版)

为加强超声医学专业医疗质量管理,进一步完善超声医学专业乳腺等重点疾病的医疗质量和服务水平的持续改进,建立适合我国国情的乳腺超声检查的质量控制评价标准,在参考国际成熟报告体系标准基础之上,推行乳腺超声标准化存图及结构化报告,达成专家共识。实现全国范围内乳腺疾病超声检查的规范化与同质化,有利于改变超声描述多样化、报告结构不一致、结论欠规范的现状,增加相关医学工作者的工作效率,提高乳腺疾病超声检查的诊断准确性,尤其是提升基层医院的诊断水平,助力国家分级诊疗等政策的落地,为临床医生解读检查报告提供便利,规范活检手术适应证。此外,有助于对乳腺超声检查的各项质控指标的变化趋势进行长期监测,达到报告互认。
骶前支气管源性囊肿合并神经纤维瘤1例

讨论 BC为先天发育异常,属上皮性囊肿,源于隐匿或迁移的可形成支气管原基的胚芽细胞,多见于肺组织及纵隔内,亦可异位于胃食管壁、椎管内、腹膜后、皮下、肾上腺区等处,发生于骶前极为罕见。BC生长缓慢,以占位性症状为主要表现。典型CT表现为边缘清晰的类圆形囊性病灶,密度均匀,可因囊液成分不同而表现为低或稍高密度,极少数囊肿可发生钙化,增强扫描多无强化。本例影像学表现主要源于神经纤维瘤,BC特征不明显。本例诊断BC的依据为病理组织学发现囊肿壁被覆含有黏液腺的纤毛柱状上皮,且包含软骨、弹力纤维、平滑肌、支气管腺体和神经干等成分;同时CT显示S4骶前孔扩大,与病变关系密切,支持原发神经纤维瘤。虽然支气管囊肿壁上也有神经干成分,可伴发神经纤维瘤,但骶孔扩大不常见,故推测为神经纤维瘤基础上伴发支气管囊肿可能性大。
胰腺去分化脂肪肉瘤1例

鉴别诊断:①胰腺实性假乳头状瘤,多见20~30岁女性,呈囊实性,可伴有钙化,特征性影像表现为“浮云征”,病理可见瘤细胞绕血管密集排列及环绕血管轴的分枝状乳头;②胃肠道间质瘤,常见与胃或肠壁关联,病变呈分叶状,极易出血、坏死及囊变,较少侵及周围组织结构。
自然保护地体系:中国方案

生态保护与经济发展是一个永恒的主题,人类的发展和中国的发展都到了一个关键时刻,就是要重建生态与文明的和谐关系。就中国传统文化来说,在长期的农业社会面临的人与自然的关系条件下,诞生了中国的名山大川、五岳四渎和名山风景区体系,这里面蕴含了古老的中国智慧。我们只有借鉴古人的智慧,借鉴其他国家的保护理念,才能走出一条符合中国特色的生态文明之路。希望各位专家能够站在新时代的高度提出新思维,争取在思想讨论上实现新高度。接下来我们将采取问答的方式对话。
应用第2掌背动脉穿支皮瓣急诊修复示指指背软组织缺损

目的探讨应用以第2掌背动脉穿支为蒂的皮瓣急诊修复示指指背软组织缺损的方法及临床效果。方法2005年3月至2015年10月,对20例示指指背软组织缺损伴肌腱或指骨外露患者,采用第2掌背动脉穿支蒂逆行岛状皮瓣进行修复,术中在第2掌背动脉腕横纹处至第2、3掌骨头间设计皮瓣,皮瓣呈梭形或椭圆形,面积为2.0 cm×l.5 cm~6.0 cm×2.5 cm。16例供区直接缝合,4例供区植皮加压包扎。术后定期门诊随访,评估修复术后手部外观、功能恢复情况。结果术后20例皮瓣顺利成活,2例远端出现浅表坏死,经换药1周后愈合。1例皮瓣出现红肿,及时处理后红肿消退。16例供区直接缝合,切口均一期愈合,外形、功能良好,无瘢痕磨损及破溃;4例供区植皮,切口均一期愈合。术后19例获得随访,1例失访,随访时间为1个月~2年。参照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准:优15例,良3例,可1例。结论采用以第2掌背动脉穿支为蒂的皮瓣修复示指指背软组织缺损,方法简单易行,效果满意。
Sulfur-doped g-C_3N_4/rGO porous nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of refractory contaminants

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C_3N_4, CN) has attracted increasing interests in the field of photocatalysis due to its high visible-light-response. However, its photocatalytic activity is still lower for degradation of refractory contaminants such as Cr(VI) and Rhodamine B (RhB) etc. Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize a novel sulfur(S)-doped CN/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) porous nanosheet (S-CN/rGO PNs) via a supramolecular self-assembling followed by a solvothermal treatment. The as-prepared porous SCN/rGO PNs are stable with high specific surface area ~188.5 m~2g~(-1) and exhibit a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity of ~17-fold and 15-fold higher than that of bulk CN for the degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation, respectively. Typically, 50 mL of 15 mg/mL RhB can be degraded within 20 min by 10 mg S-CN/rGO PNs. The mechanism can be explained by the synergistic effect of S doping and porous structure which can effectively reduce the band gap of CN and increase the specific surface area to promote the separation and transfer of photo-generated charge carriers. The results have provided a new way to significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of g-C_3N_4 for degradation of refractory contaminants.
Low-cycle fatigue life prediction of a polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy using crystal plasticity modelling approach

A crystal plasticity model is developed to predict the cyclic plasticity during the low-cycle fatigue of GH4169 superalloy. Accumulated plastic slip and energy dissipation as fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) are used to predict fatigue crack initiation and the fatigue life until failure. Results show that fatigue damage is most likely to initiate at triple points and grain boundaries where severe plastic slip and energy dissipation are present. The predicted fatigue life until failure is within the scatter band of factor 2 when compared with experimental data for the total strain amplitudes ranging from 0.8% to 2.4%. Microscopically, the adjacent grain arrangements and their interactions account for the stress concentration. In addition, different sets of grain orientations with the same total grain numbers of 150 were generated using the present model. Results show that different sets have significant influence on the distribution of stresses between each individual grain at the meso-scale, although little effect is found on the macroscopic length-scale.
(NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40)-H_3PO_4 composites as efficient proton conductors at intermediate temperatures

(NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40) and (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40)-H_3PO_4 composites have been synthesized by precipitation method. Their phase compositions, thermal stability and morphologies have been investigated. The synthesized composites maintain the same structures as pure (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40) where phosphoric acid is preserved in residual space of the “spongy crystals” of (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40). FT-IR spectra confirm the strong interactions between phosphoric acid and Keggin ions. Pristine (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40) shows poor conductivity in air at high temperatures and strongly depends on water molecules for proton transport. The composites exhibit a much higher conductivity compared with pure (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40). The highest conductivity achieved is 0.14 S/cm at 170 ℃ where continuous channels based on phosphoric acid for proton transportation are probably established. Such high conductivity of (NH_4)_3PW_(12)O_(40)-H_3PO_4 composites implies promising applications in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices.
Graphene oxide effects on the properties of Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were dispersed into premixed powders (Cu-0.4 wt% Al/35W5Cr) by wet grinding and vacuum freeze-drying process. The 0.3 wt% GO/Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr and 0.5 wt%GO/Al_2O_3- Cu/35W5Cr composites, used for electrical contacts, were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural changes of GO before and after sintering. The arc erosion behavior was investigated by the JF04C electrical contact testing apparatus. Consequently, the Al_2O_3 nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in the matrix, causing dislocation tangles. GO was converted to reduced graphene oxide after sintering. A group of carbon atoms combined with Cr forming Cr3C2 in situ during sintering, which enhanced the interface bonding. Compared with the Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr composite, the tensile strength of the two contact materials containing 0.3 wt% GO and 0.5 wt% GO was increased by 45% and 34%, respectively. Finally, pips and craters were present on the anode and cathode surfaces, respectively. Tungsten has undergone re-sintering during arcing and formed needle-like structures. Compared with Al_2O_3-Cu/35W5Cr, the GO/Al_2O_3-Cu35W5Cr composites have better welding resistance. The final mass transfer direction of the two composites was from the cathode to anode.
Sorption kinetics of parent and substituted PAHs for low-density polyethylene (LDPE): Determining their partition coefficients between LDPE and water (KLDPE) for passive sampling

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used as a sorbent for passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in aquatic environments. However, it has seen only limited application in passive sampling for measurement of freely dissolved concentrations of parent and substituted PAHs (SPAHs), which are known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Here, the 16 priority PAHs and some typical PAHs were selected as target compounds and were simultaneously determined by gas chromatography– mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Some batch experiments were conducted in the laboratory to explore the adsorption kinetics of the target compounds in LDPE membranes. The results showed that both PAHs and SPAHs could reach equilibrium status within 19–38 days in sorption kinetic experiments. The coefficients of partitioning between LDPE film (50 μm thickness) and water (K_(LDPE)) for the 16 priority PAHs were in good agreement with previously reported values, and the values of K_(LDPE) for the 9 SPAHs are reported in this study for the first time. Significant linear relationships were observed, i.e., log K_(LDPE) = 0.705 × log KOW + 1.534 for PAHs (R~2 = 0.8361, p < 0.001) and log K_(LDPE) = 0.458 × log K_(OW) + 3.092 for SPAHs (R~2 = 0.5609, p = 0.0077). The selected LDPE film was also proven to meet the condition of “zero sink” for the selected target compounds. These results could provide basic support for the configuration and in situ application of passive samplers.
Residual effects of tobacco biochar along with different fixing agents on stabilization of trace elements in multi-metal contaminated soils

The residual effect of tobacco biochar (TB ≥ 500℃) mono and co-application with Cahydroxide (CH), Ca-bentonite (CB) and natural zeolite (NZ) on the bio-availability of trace elements TE(s) in alkaline soils has not been deeply studied yet. A pot study that had earlier been investigated TB mono and blended with CH, CB and NZ on the immobilization of Pb, Cu Cd, and Zn by Chinese cabbage. Maize crop in the rotation was selected as test plant to assess the residual impact of amendments on stabilization of Pb, Cu Cd, and Zn in mine polluted (M-P), smelter heavily and low polluted (S-HP and S-LP, respectively) soils. The obtained results showed that stabilization of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn reached 63.84% with TB + CB, 61.19% with TB + CH, 83.31% with TB + CH and 35.27% with TB + CH for M-P soil, 36.46% with TB + NZ, 38.46% with TB + NZ, 19.40% with TB + CH and 62.43% with TB + CH for S-LP soil, 52.94% TB + NZ, 57.65% with TB + NZ, 52.94% with TB + NZ, and 28.44% with TB + CH for S-LP soil. Conversely, TB + CH and TB alone had mobilized Pb and Zn up to 19.29% and 34.96% in M-P soil. The mobility of Zn reached 8.38% with TB + CB and 66.03% with TB for S-HP and S-LP soils. The uptake and accumulation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in shoot and root were reduced in three polluted soils. Overall, the combination of TB along with CH, CB and NZ has been proven to be effective in Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn polluted mine/smelter soils restoration.
Town-scale microbial sewer community and H_2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments

Controllinghydrogensulfide (H_2S) odorsandemissionsusing a single,effectivetreatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water utilities. Implementation of a sewerdiversionprovided theopportunity tocompare theeffectiveness ofmagnesiumhydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and two biological dosing compounds (Bioproducts A and B), with differentmodes of action (MOA), in a field-test across a large sewer network.Mg(OH)_2 increases sewer pH allowing suppression of H_2S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication throughquorumsensing(QS), reducingbiofilmintegrity. BioproductB reducesH_2S odors by scouring the sewer of fats, oils and grease (FOGs),which provide adhesion points for the microbial biofilm. Results revealed that only Mg(OH)_2 altered the microbial community structure and reduced H_2S emissions in a live sewer system, whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H_2S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed site. Study results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.
Cylindrical vector beam fiber laser with a symmetric two-mode fiber coupler

We demonstrate a passively mode-locked all-fiber laser generating cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) only using a symmetric two-mode fiber optical coupler (TMF-OC) for both high-order mode excitation and splitting. Theoretical analyses show that for a symmetric TMF-OC with appropriate taper diameter, the second-order mode can be excited and coupled into output tap with high purity due to the effective index difference of different modes. Based on the fabricated TMF-OC, the passively mode-locked fiber laser delivers pulsed CVBs at a center wavelength of 1564.4 nm with 3 dB linewidth of 11.2 nm, pulse duration of 2.552 ps, and repetition rate of 3.96 MHz. The purity of both radially and azimuthally polarized beams is estimated to be over 91%. Due to simple fabrication method of the TMF-OC and high purity of the generated CVBs, this mode-locked CVB fiber laser with all-fiber configuration has potential applications in optical trapping, optical communications, material processing, etc.
Microfluidic integrated metamaterials for active terahertz photonics

A depletion layer played by aqueous organic liquids flowing in a platform of microfluidic integrated metamaterials is experimentally used to actively modulate terahertz (THz) waves. The polar configuration of water molecules in a depletion layer gives rise to a damping of THz waves. The parallel coupling of the damping effect induced by a depletion layer with the resonant response by metamaterials leads to an excellent modulation depth approaching 90 %in intensity and a great difference over 210° in phase shift. Also, a tunability of slow-light effect is displayed. Joint time-frequency analysis performed by the continuous wavelet transforms reveals the consumed energy with varying water content, indicating a smaller moment of inertia related to a shortened relaxation time of the depletion layer. This work, as part of THz aqueous photonics, diametrically highlights the availability of water in THz devices, paving an alternative way of studying THz wave–liquid interactions and developing active THz photonics.