mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Assembled MXene-Based Aerogels for High Mass-Loading Sodium-Ion Storage

Low-temperature assembly of MXene nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) robust aerogels addresses the crucial stability concern of the nano-building blocks during the fabrication process,which is of key importance for transforming the fascinating properties at the nanoscale into the macroscopic scale for practical applications.Herein,suitable cross-linking agents (amino-propyltriethoxysilane,Mn~(2+),Fe~(2+),Zn~(2+),and Co~(2+)) as interfacial mediators to engineer the interlayer interactions are reported to realize the graphene oxide (GO)-assisted assembly of Ti_3C_2T_x MXene aerogel at room temperature.This elaborate aerogel construction not only suppresses the oxidation degradation of Ti_3C_2T_x but also generates porous aerogels with a high Ti_3C_2T_x content (87 wt%) and robustness,thereby guaranteeing the functional accessibility of Ti_3C_2T_x nanosheets and operational reliability as integrated functional materials.In combination with a further sulfur modification,the Ti_3C_2T_x aerogel electrode shows promising electrochemical performances as the freestanding anode for sodium-ion storage.Even at an ultrahigh loading mass of 12.3 mg cm~(-2),a pronounced areal capacity of 1.26 mAh cm~(-2) at a current density of 0.1 A g~(-1) has been achieved,which is of practical significance.This work conceptually suggests a new way to exert the utmost surface functionalities of MXenes in 3D monolithic form and can be an inspiring scaffold to promote the application of MXenes in different areas.
Large-scale diversity reassessment,evolutionary history,and taxonomic revision of the green macroalgae family Udoteaceae (Bryopsidales,Chlorophyta)

Udoteaceae is a morphologically diverse family of the order Bryopsidales.Despite being very widespread geographically,this family is little known as compared with the closely related Halimedaceae or Caulerpaceae.Using the most extensive Udoteaceae collection to date and a multilocus genetic data set (tufA,rbcL,and 18S rDNA),we reassessed the species diversity of the family,as well as the phylogenetic relationships,the diagnostic morphoanatomical characters,and evolutionary history of its genera,toward a proposed taxonomic revision.Our approach included a combination of molecular and morphological criteria,including species delimitation methods,phylogenetic reconstruction,and mapping of trait evolution.We successfully delimited 62 species hypotheses,of which 29 were assigned (existing) species names and 13 represent putative new species.Our results also led us to revise the genera Udotea s.s.,Rhipidosiphon s.s.,and Chlorodesmis s.s.,to validate the genus Rhipidodesmis,and to propose three new genera:Glaukea gen.nov.,Ventalia gen.nov.,and Udoteopsis gen.nov.We also identified two large species complexes,which we refer to as the "Penicillus-Rhipidosiphon-Rhipocephalus-Udotea complex" and the "Poropsis-Penicillus-Rhipidodesmis complex".Using a time-calibrated phylogeny,we estimated the origin of the family Udoteaceae at Late Triassic (ca.216 Ma),whereas most of the genera originated during Paleogene.Our morphological inference results indicated that the thallus of the Udoteaceae ancestor was likely entirely corticated and calcified,composed of a creeping axis with a multisiphonous stipe and a pluristromatic flabellate frond.The frond shape,cortication,and calcification are still symplesiomorphies for most extant Udoteaceae genera and represent useful diagnostic characters.
Ancestral gene duplications in mosses characterized by integrated phylogenomic analyses

Mosses (Bryophyta) are a key group occupying an important phylogenetic position in land plant (embryophyte) evolution.The class Bryopsida represents the most diversified lineage,containing more than 95% of modern mosses,whereas other classes are species-poor.Two branches with large numbers of gene duplications were elucidated by phylogenomic analyses,one in the ancestry of all mosses and another before the separation of the Bryopsida,Polytrichopsida,and Tetraphidopsida.The analysis of the phylogenetic progression of duplicated paralogs retained on genomic syntenic regions in the Physcomitrella patens genome confirmed that the whole-genome duplication events WGD1 and WGD2 were re-recognized as the ψ event and the Funarioideae duplication event,respectively.The ψ polyploidy event was tightly associated with the early diversification of Bryopsida,in the ancestor of Bryidae,Dicranidae,Timmiidae,and Funariidae.Together,four branches with large numbers of gene duplications were unveiled in the evolutionary past of P.patens.Gene retention patterns following the four large-scale duplications in different moss lineages were analyzed and discussed.Recurrent significant retention of stress-related genes may have contributed to their adaption to distinct ecological environments and the evolutionary success of this early-diverging land plant lineage.
Population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) based on morphological traits and SSR markers

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume crop that is widely grown worldwide for human consumption and livestock feed.Despite extensive studies,the population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) remain controversial.To characterize patterns of genetic and morphological variation and investigate the classification of Pisum,we conducted comprehensive population genetic analyses for 323 accessions from cultivated and wild pea,representing three species of Pisum and utilizing 34 morphological traits and 87 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers.First,we identified three distinct genetic groups among all samples.Group I was primarily composed of Pisum fulvum,Pisum abyssinicum,and some wild P.sativum accessions,whereas Groups II and III consisted of the two genetic groups under P.sativum that represented different geographic distributions of cultivated pea.Analyses of morphological variation revealed significant differences among the three species.Second,among pea germplasms representing eight taxa of Pisum,P.fulvum and P.abyssinicum possessed unique genetic backgrounds and morphological characteristics,corroborating their independent species status.The intraspecific subdivisions of P.sativum described by some authors were not supported in this study,with the exception of several genotypes of P.sativum subsp.elatius that clustered with P.fulvum and P.abyssinicum.Finally,we confirmed that the Chinese pea germplasm was genetically distinct and could be divided into two genetic groups,each of which included both spring-sowing and autumn-sowing ecotypes.These results provide a robust foundation for understanding pea domestication and the utilization of wild genetic resources of pea.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in brain repair after focal ischemic stroke

Cerebral focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading brain disorder associated with human debilitation and death.It is induced by the formation of a thrombus in the arteries that supply blood to the central nervous system.FIS patients may suddenly experience paralysis, impairment of speech and loss of vision.Most patients develop permanent disabilities.In the past decades, enormous efforts have been taken to develop FIS treatment strategies, but unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective ones for this disease.Currently, tissue plasminogen activator is the only Food and Drug Administration approved drug for FIS treatment, however, this method has limited application since it is only effective within 3-5 hours after the onset of FIS.Because of this, the recovery from FIS largely depends on self-brain repair and rehabilitation (Campbell et al., 2019).
Safety-enhanced Polymer Electrolytes with High Ambienttemperature Lithium-ion Conductivity Based on ABA Triblock Copolymers

Liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries suffer from leakage, flammability, and lithium dendrites, making polymer electrolyte a potential alternative. Herein, a series of ABA triblock copolymers (ABA-x) containing a mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer (MJLCP) with a polynorbornene backbone as segment A and a second polynorbornene-based polymer having poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains as segment B were synthesized through tandem ring-opening metathesis polymerizations. The block copolymers can self-assemble into ordered morphologies at 200 °C. After doping of lithium salts and ionic liquid (IL), ABA-x self-assembles into cylindrical structures. The MJLCP segments with a high glass transition temperature and a stable liquid crystalline phase serve as physical crosslinking points, which significantly improve the mechanical performance of the polymer electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of ABA-x/lithium salt/IL is as high as 10–3 S·cm~(–1) at ambient temperature owing to the high IL uptake and the continuous phase of conducting PEO domains. The relationship between ionic conductivity and temperature fits the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. In addition, the electrolyte films are flame retardant owing to the addition of IL. The polymer electrolytes with good safety and high ambient-temperature ionic conductivity developed in this work are potentially useful in solid lithium-ion batteries.
How is the precipitation distributed vertically in arid mountain region of Northwest China?

Precipitation in the arid region of Northwest China (NWC) shows high spatial and temporal variability,in large part because of the region's complex topography and moisture conditions.However,rain gauges in the area are sparse,and most are located at altitudes below 2000 m,which limits our understanding of precipitation at higher altitudes.Interpolated precipitation products and satellite-based datasets with high spatiotemporal resolution can potentially be a substitute for rain gauge data.In this study,the spatial and temporal properties of precipitation in the arid region of NWC were analyzed using two gridded precipitation products:SURF_CLI_CHN_PRE_DAY_GRID_0.5 (CHN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43.The CHN and TRMM 3B43 data showed that in summer,precipitation was more concentrated in southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang,and the opposite was true in winter.The largest difference in precipitation between mountainous areas and plains appeared in summer.High-elevation areas with high precipitation showed more stable annual precipitation.Different sub-regions showed distinctive precipitation distributions with elevation,and both datasets showed that the maximum precipitation zone appeared at high altitude.
Mechanism and effects of the increase in winter temperatures in the Arctic region on cold winters in Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China for the period 1961-2018

With the advent of climate change,winter temperatures have been steadily increasing in the middle-to-high latitudes of the world.However,we have not found a corresponding decrease in the number of extremely cold winters.This paper,based on Climatic Research Unit (CRU) re-analysis data,and methods of trend analysis,mutation analysis,correlation analysis,reports on the effects of Arctic warming on winter temperatures in Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China.The results show that:(1) during the period 1961-2018,winter temperatures in the Arctic increased considerably,that is,3.5 times those of the Equator,which has led to an increasing temperature gradient between the Arctic and the Equator.An abrupt change in winter temperatures in the Arctic was observed in 2000.(2) Due to the global warming,an extremely significant warming occurred in Heilongjiang in winter,in particular,after the Arctic mutation in 2000,although there were two warm winters,more cold winters were observed and the interannual variability of winter temperature also increased.(3) Affected by the warming trend in the Arctic,the Siberian High has intensified,and both the Arctic Vortex and the Eurasian Zonal Circulation Index has weakened.This explains the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang,and why cold winters still dominate.Moreover,the increase in temperature difference between the Arctic and the Equator is another reason for the decrease in winter temperatures in Heilongjiang.
Design of an Asymmetric Rotor Pole for Wound Field Synchronous Machines

This study proposes a novel asymmetric rotor pole design for wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs), which can achieve high saliency ratio and also low torque ripple. The key point is the optimal design of the asymmetric rotor pole with the inverse-cosine-shaped (ICS) plus reverse 3rd harmonic shaping. The asymmetric rotor pole can help to improve the average output torque by enhancing the saliency ratio. The reverse 3rd harmonic shaping on the rotor pole surface is mainly used to reduce the torque ripple. To certify the effectivity of the proposed design, three-phase 54-slot/6-pole 4.7kW WFSMs with uniform air gap and with non-uniform air gap shaped by the ICS plus optimum reverse 3rd harmonic are utilized as the basic model and referenced model for comparison. For the referenced model, the optimum amplitude of reverse 3rd harmonic is preferred as 1/6. Finally, all electromagnetic characteristics of the investigated machines are predicted by the finite-element method (FEM). The highest saliency ratio and comparatively low torque ripple have been verified.
Square-Wave Drive for Synchronous Reluctance Machine and its Torque Ripple Analysis

Synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) can be perceived as a special type of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), and shares similar control method, i.e. the sine-wave current drive with sinusoidal phase currents. In this paper, square-wave drive, which is employed for permanent magnet brushless (BLDC) motors, is employed for the SynRM, in order to economically reduce the cost of rotor position sensor. It is revealed that the torque density and efficiency are slightly sacrificed, whereas torque ripple is deteriorated, proving the SynRM with square-wave drive still promising for the cost-sensitive application if torque ripple is not considered as a critical issue. To further investigate the additional pulsating torque under square-wave drive, mathematical model based on a-b-c phase inductance and d-q axis inductance are established, together with the time-stepping FE calculated currents. It is concluded that the harmonics in the currents tend to cause non-sinusoidal variation of the magnetic reluctance, which can be represented as additional inductance harmonics. The harmonics of the current and inductance interact with each other, thus undesirable torque ripple components are produced.
Reduction of Cogging Torque and Electromagnetic Vibration Based on Different Combination of Pole Arc Coefficient for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Cogging torque and electromagnetic vibration are two important factors for evaluating permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and are key issues that must be considered and resolved in the design and manufacture of high-performance PMSM for electric vehicles. A fast and accurate magnetic field calculation model for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) is proposed in this article. Based on the traditional magnetic potential permeance method, the stator cogging effect and complex boundary conditions of the IPMSM can be fully considered in this model, so as to realize the rapid calculation of equivalent magnetomotive force (MMF), air gap permeance, and other key electromagnetic properties. In this article, a 6-pole 36-slot IPMSM is taken as an example to establish its equivalent solution model, thereby the cogging torque is accurately calculated. And the validity of this model is verified by a variety of different magnetic pole structures, pole slot combinations machines, and prototype experiments. In addition, the improvement measure of the machine with different combination of pole arc coefficient is also studied based on this model. Cogging torque and electromagnetic vibration can be effectively weakened. Combined with the finite element model and multi-physics coupling model, the electromagnetic characteristics and vibration performance of this machine are comprehensively compared and analyzed. The analysis results have well verified its effectiveness. It can be extended to other structures or types of PMSM and has very important practical value and research significance.
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Two Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control Methods for Five-Phase PMSM Drives

Model predictive current control (MPCC) and model predictive torque control (MPTC) are two derivatives of model predictive control. These two control methods have demonstrated their strengths in the fault-tolerant control of multiphase motor drives. To explore the inherent link, the pros and cons of two strategies, the performance analysis and comparative investigation of MPCC and MPTC are conducted through a fivephase permanent magnet synchronous motor with open-phase fault. In MPCC, the currents of fundamental and harmonic subspaces are simultaneously employed and constrained for a combined regulation of the open-circuit fault drive. In MPTC, apart from the torque and the stator flux related to fundamental subspace, the x-y currents are also considered and predicted to achieve the control of harmonic subspace. The principles of two methods are demonstrated in detail and the link is explored in terms of the cost function. Besides, the performance by two methods is experimentally assessed in terms of steady-state, transition, and dynamic tests. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are concluded.
Impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and mitochondrial aerobic respiration during isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia is rescued by bilobalide

There is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia (MI) and potential drug treatments. Here, the anti-MI mechanism and material basis of Ginkgo biloba L. extract (GBE) were studied from the perspective of energy metabolism flux regulation. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was performed to investigate energy metabolism flux disorder and the regulatory nodes of GBE components in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced ischemia-like cardiomyocytes. It showed that [U-~(13)C] glucose derived m+2 isotopologues from the upstream tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites were markedly accumulated in ISO-injured cardiomyocytes, but the opposite was seen for the downstream metabolites, while their total cellular concentrations were increased. This indicates a blockage of carbon flow from glycolysis and enhanced anaplerosis from other carbon sources. A Seahorse test was used to screen for GBE components with regulatory effects on mitochondrial aerobic respiratory dysfunction. It showed that bilobalide protected against impaired mitochondrial aerobic respiration. MFA also showed that bilobalide significantly modulated the TCA cycle flux, reduced abnormal metabolite accumulation, and balanced the demand of different carbon sources. Western blotting and PCR analysis showed that bilobalide decreased the enhanced expression of key metabolic enzymes in injured cells. Bilobalide's efficacy was verified by in vivo experiments in rats. This is the first report to show that bilobalide, the active ingredient of GBE, protects against MI by rescuing impaired TCA cycle flux. This provides a new mechanism and potential drug treatment for MI. It also shows the potential of MFA/Seahorse combination as a powerful strategy for pharmacological research on herbal medicine.
Ultra-thin temperature controllable microwell array chip for continuous real-time high-resolution imaging of living single cells

Single-cell imaging, a powerful analytical method to study single-cell behavior, such as gene expression and protein profiling, provides an essential basis for modern medical diagnosis. The coding and localization function of microfluidic chips has been developed and applied in living single-cell imaging in recent years. Simultaneously, chip-based living single-cell imaging is also limited by complicated trapping steps, low cell utilization, and difficult high-resolution imaging. To solve these problems, an ultra-thin temperature-controllable microwell array chip (UTCMA chip) was designed to develop a living single-cell workstation in this study for continuous on-chip culture and real-time high-resolution imaging of living single cells. The chip-based on ultra-thin ITO glass is highly matched with an inverted microscope (or confocal microscope) with a high magnification objective (100 × oil lens), and the temperature of the chip can be controlled by combining it with a home-made temperature control device. High-throughput single-cell patterning is realized in one step when the microwell array on the chip uses hydrophilic glass as the substrate and hydrophobic SU-8 photoresist as the wall. The cell utilization rate, single-cell capture rate, and microwell occupancy rate are all close to 100% in the microwell array. This method will be useful in rare single-cell research, extending its application in the biological and medical-related fields, such as early diagnosis of disease, personalized therapy, and research-based on single-cell analysis.
Integration of cryogenic trap to gas chromatography-sulfur chemiluminescent detection for online analysis of hydrogen gas for volatile sulfur compounds

Hydrogen fuel cells are among the promising energy sources worldwide, which could accomplish cyclic production of energy and avoid the emission of green-house or contaminative byproducts. However, sulfur compounds (SCs) even at trace level (nmol/mol) are usually involved in cell construction and further H 2 production, which would cause degradation of the catalysts and shorten the lifetime of the fuel cells. Moreover, the highly reactive SCs could cause varied species and concentrations of them in complex matrices, so online rather than offline analysis of SCs in H 2 would be preferred. In this context, we developed a new system combining online cryogenic preconcentration of nine SCs and subsequent determination by GC-SCD (sulfur chemiluminescent detector), with the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves higher than 0.999, calculated limits of detection no higher than 0.050 nmol/mol, analytical time around 30 min per sample, and satisfactory precision and accuracy (RSD < 5% and SD < 15%). The analytical performance was much better than or at least comparable to the previously reported and the developed system was successfully applied for real sample analysis.
New insight into the effect of interface supercapacitance on the performance of titanium dioxide/carbon nanowire array for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

The electrode/electrlyte interface is of great signifance to photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation as the reaction mainly occur here. Herein, we focus on the effect of supercapactance of the electrode/electrlyte interface on the performance of PEC. It is discovered that the supercapacitor on the interface is crucial because it links the charge transport and solution ion adsorption on its two sides. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to promote the performance of TiO_2 nanowire array (TiO_2 NWs) photoanode in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) by increasing its supercapacitance. A 2-5 nm carbon layer was coated and the interface supercapacitance increases by about 150 times. This enhances the separation rate of electron-hole pairs by collecting more holes. Meanwhile, it also promotes the water oxidation rate by adsorbing more OH~- on its surface. As a result, the photocurrent density of C-TiO_2 NWs was about 8 times higher than that of its carbon-free counterpart. This approach of increasing the supercapacitance of photoanodes would be attractive for enhancement of the efficiency of PECs and this work demonstrate the importance of supercapacitance of the interface for PECs.