mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
窦房结纤维化及窦房结动脉狭窄致死1例

长期以来,尸检中对心脏传导系统的检查不够重视,主要原因一是传统的取材方法过于繁琐,难于常规应用;二是传导系统变化复杂,难以划分生理性改变与病理性改变的界限。窦房结是心脏的起搏点,正常节律性冲动的发源地,因此窦房结结细胞减少、纤维组织增生可导致起搏障碍、心律失常,严重时可导致猝死。谢英等[1]认为,窦房结动脉狭窄可导致继发性窦房结缺血缺氧性改变以及间质结构改变,从而导致猝死。正常人在40岁左右心脏传导系统纤维组织开始增多,但如局部或广泛性增生,数量明显超过其增龄性变化,则称为病理性纤维化,可致起搏或传导障碍而发生猝死[2-3]。宋一璇等[4]认为,只要具有心源性猝死的临床征象,尸检见到足以解释猝死的传导系统病理改变,即使心电图资料缺如也可以诊断为致死原因。本案经系统尸体检验、毒物检验,可排除其因机械性损伤、机械性窒息及中毒等致死。心脏组织病理学检验发现窦房结纤维化、小动脉管壁增厚,未见其他器质性病变的病理学特征。因此,结合死者系睡眠中猝死的特点,可以认定心脏窦房结纤维化及窦房结动脉狭窄为死亡原因。通过本案的鉴定过程,说明对心脏传导系统进行组织病理学检验是必要的。
腰硬联合麻醉下阑尾切除术后医疗纠纷1例

被鉴定人林某在术后第2天即出现右下肢麻木不适、感觉轻度减退,术后第4天右下肢肌力4级,术后近2个月右下肢肌肉轻度萎缩等,目前主要遗留右下肢感觉减退及右大腿肌肉轻度萎缩等。该损害后果与其麻醉平面存在吻合性,在时间间隔上存在连续性,亦符合腰硬联合麻醉所致神经损害恢复的病理生理学演变过程,两者之间存在因果关系,医疗过错是目前损害后果的主要因素,参与度拟为80%~90%[1]。另外,结合林某影像学资料分析认为,其腰椎退行性改变在一定程度上加大了本例麻醉操作的难度,其自身因素与该损害后果之间亦存在一定因果关系。
门诊信息管理系统在护理工作中的应用

目的探讨门诊信息管理系统在护理工作中的应用。方法门诊信息系统使用与传统门诊护理服务流程的比较。结果门诊信息管理系统的应用,提高了工作效率,改善了患者的就医体验,提升了护理服务质量。结论方便、快捷、优质、高效的人性化门诊服务流程有广阔的发展前景,护理工作也应随着时代的进步,不断完善,提升服务质量。
基于熵权的多层模糊综合评判法在医院医疗质量评价中的应用

目的对医疗质量进行科学评价,为医院管理者决策提供科学依据。方法以某三甲综合性医院医疗工作质量为研究对象,建立多层评价指标体系,采用基于熵权的模糊综合评价法对该院2006~2009年医疗质量进行综合评价。结果该院2006~2009年医疗质量不断提高,较差及一般等级的比重逐年下降,良好及优秀等级的比重逐年上升。结论熵权的引入修正了各评价指标权重主观因素的影响,使评价结果更具有客观性、科学性和有效性,为医院管理者决策提供了科学依据。
ZIMB模型在临床研究中的应用及SAS实现

目的介绍ZINB模型在零过多临床计数资料中的应用和SAS实现。方法在SAS的countreg过程下通过ZINB模型分析冠心病患者心肌缺血节段数的影响因素,参数标准误估计采用Hessian阵和BHHH法。结果患者冠心病家族史、年龄、ESV是发生心肌节段缺血的主要影响因素,心肌缺血节段发生数的多少与患者糖尿病史、冠心病家族史、左室收缩末容积有关。结论ZINB模型能够有效地捕捉到计数资料中存在的零过多情况,不但能够分析观察个体在何种条件下发生事件而且还能够分析影响发生次数多少的因素。
Blue-green BaAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+) phosphors synthesized via combustion synthesis method assisted by microwave irradiation

Blue-green luminescent BaAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+) phosphor powders were synthesized via combustion synthesis method assisted by microwave irradiation in air. The phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The XRD results revealed that when the concentration of urea was over 3 times higher than theoretical quantities, a BaAl_2O_4 single hexagonal phase was obtained. The SEM results revealed that the surface of the BaAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+) powder samples showed lots of voids and pores. The BaAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+) phosphors exhibited a broad emission band of main peak at 496 nm and a shoulder peak at 426 nm under excitation of 337 nm. The BaAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+) phosphors at the Eu~(2+) concentration of 1 mol.% showed the strongest luminescent intensity. Long afterglow phosphorescence was observed in the dark with naked eyes after the removal of the excitation source.
Electrochemical performance of compounds Ho_6Fe_(23–x)Co_x (x=0,1,3)

Alloys with composition of Ho_6Fe_(23–x)Cox (x=0,1,3) were prepared and examined by X-ray diffraction technique and automatic battery testing instrument.The compounds Ho_6Fe_(23–x)Cox (x=0,1,3) crystallized in cubic Th_6Mn_(23)-type structure with space group Fm 3m (No.225).The electrochemical properties of these alloys such as discharge capacity,cycling performance and high rate dischargeability were investigated by battery testing instruments in alkaline electrolyte.Substitution of small amounts of Co for Fe in Ho_6Fe_(23–x)Cox improved the activation,discharge capacity and the high rate dischargeability.The alloy with x=3 (Ho_6Fe_(20)Co_3) had better discharge capacity,HRD and plateau pressure at discharge current density of 150 mA/g.
Mechanism of Immune Hyporesponsiveness Induced by Recipient-derived Immature Dendritic Cells in Liver Transplantation Rat

Objective To investigate the mechanism of immune hyporesponsiveness induced by donor-antigen-unloaded recipient-derived immature dendritic cell (imDC) of liver grafts in rats.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (donor) and forty male Wistar rats (recipient) were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,cyclosporine A (CsA),mature DC (mDC),and imDC groups respectively,with 10 donor rats and 10 recipient rats in each group.Recipient rats in CsA group were treated with 10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) CsA starting day 2 after the transplantation.Recipients in the mDC or imDC groups were given Wistar rat derived mDCs (1×10~6/rat) or imDCs (1×10~6/rat) via dorsal vein of the penis respectively 1 day before the transplantation.In each group,5 recipients were kept for determination of survival time and the other 5 rats were executed at day 10 after transplantation.Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBIL),interleukin 2 (IL-2),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),IL-4,and IL-10 levels.Liver tissue was harvested for HE staining and acute rejection evaluation.Expression levels of Fas-L/Fas in the grafts were detected by immunohistochemical staining;and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of Scurfin.Results The survival time of CsA and imDC groups was significantly longer than that of control and mDC groups (all P<0.05).The levels of serum ALT and TBIL in the control group (2072.20±217.93 IU/L and 147.42±22.02 μmol/L) and mDC group (2117.00±285.13 IU/L and 141.58±20.82 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the CsA group (59.68±13.48 IU/L and 15.40±2.13 μmol/L) or imDC group (50.80±9.63 IU/L and 14.44±3.49 μmol/L) (all P<0.05).In the CsA and imDC groups,the levels of IL-2 (22.52±3.75 pg/mL and 22.12±3.90 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (309.20±25.19 pg/mL and 321.00±21.64 pg/mL) were significantly lower,but the levels of IL-4 (297.60±25.07 pg/mL and 277.00±22.47 pg/mL) and IL-10 (1226.00±140.49 pg/mL and 1423.00±106.39 pg/mL) were higher than those of the control (IL-2:147.78±12.80 pg/mL,IFN-γ:1758.60±106.22 pg/mL,IL-4:17.40±4.77 pg/mL,IL-10:81.00± 9.47 pg/mL) and mDC groups (IL-2:142.34±9.29 pg/mL,IFN-γ:1835.00±82.63 pg/mL,IL-4:15.60± 3.96 pg/mL,IL-10:68.80±11.23 pg/mL) (all P<0.01).The expression level of Scurfin protein on CD4~+CD25~+ T cells of the imDC group (1.34±0.29) was significantly higher than that in the control (0.72±0.13),CsA (0.37±0.11),and mDC groups (0.78±0.17) (all P<0.05).Conclusion Donor-antigen-unloaded recipient-derived imDC is an effective treatment in inducing immune hyporesponsiveness through induction of T cell apoptosis,shift in Thl/Th2 balance,and prolifer-ation of regulatory T cell.
加强中成药合理使用的建议

中成药是中国中药产业甚至医药产业的重要组成部分,然而,有资料表明,中成药不合理使用现象十分突出。据《医师报》2007年的一项统计报道:在综合医院有60%医生使用中成药,但合理使用的只有40%~([1])。合理使用中成药,直接关系患者的健康和生命安全,也关系到民众对于中成药的信心以及中成药事业能否持续发展。因此,提出中成药合理使用的对策建议尤为重要。
Molar Tooth Structure:a Contribution from the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation,Tianjin City,North China

Molar-tooth(MT) structure is an enigmatic sedimentary structure consisting of variously-shaped cracks and voids filled with a characteristically uniform,equant calcite microspar.It is globally distributed but temporally restricted to rocks from Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic age.The origin of MT structures has been debated for more than a century and the topic continues to be highly contentious.Some features of MT structure occurring in micritic limestones of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(ca.1500 Ma to ca.1400 Ma),Jixian section,Tianjin City,North China show that:1) there is a definite interface or lining,rich in organic material and pyrite,between the MT crack-filling calcite microspar and the micritic host rock,which is also rich in organic matter;2) the micritic host rocks are notable for the absence of stromatolites and microbial laminites;3) distinctive conglomeratic lag deposits made up of intraclasts of MT microspar result from storm reworking of the MT structures;4) the MT structure is associated with possible algal megafossils such as Chuaria;5) the MT microspar is made up of the larger calcite crystal and the MT crack is marked by the diversity of configurations;6) both the TOC content and the carbon-isotopic value(δ~(13)CPDB) among the host rock, the MT microspar and the possible algae fossil are obviously different.For the forming mechanism of the Gaoyuzhuang MT structure,these features can still indicate that:A) the MT microspar was formed by rapid precipitation and lithification;B) the MT microspar precipitated directly within the cracks; C) the decomposition of organic matter within the host micrite might be the chief mechanism producing gas bubbles;D) microscale gas-sediment interaction led to the generation of the MT cracks and the precipitation of microspar therein;E) the MT cracks might represent the track of migration and expansion of gas bubbles,and that the recrystallization of host micrites cannot be eliminated during forming process of the MT microspar;F) the MT structure is occurred in early diagenetic period;and G) the formation of MT microspars is a complex diagenetic process.Therefore,model of the microbially-induced gas-bubble expansion and migration is the best interpretation for the formation of the MT structure.Effectively,MT structures are a type of sedimentary structure that is formed in the early diagenetic period and is related to microbial activities and organic matter degradation.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel Containing Ni of 9%

Mechanical properties of quenching,intercritical quenching and tempering (QLT) treated steel containing Ni of 9% were evaluated from specimens subject to various tempering temperatures. The detailed microstructures of steel containing Ni of 9% at different tempering temperatures were observed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The volume fraction of austenite was estimated by XRD. The results show that high strength and cryogenic toughness of steel containing Ni of 9% are obtained when the tempering temperature are between 540 and 580 ℃. The microstructure keeps the dual phase lamellar structure after the intercritical quenching and there is cementite created in the Ni-rich constituents when tempering temperature is 540 ℃. When tempering temperatures are between 560 and 580 ℃,the reversed austenites (γ′) grow up and the dual phase lamellar structure is not clear. The γ′ becomes instable at 600 ℃. When tempered at temperature ranging from 500 to 520 ℃,the increase of dislocation density in the lamellar matrix makes both tensile strength and yield strength decrease. When tempered at 540 ℃ and higher temperature,the yield strength decreases continuously because the C and alloying elements in the matrix are absorbed by the cementite and the γ′,so the yield ratio is decreased by the γ′. There are two toughness mechanisms at different tempering temperatures. One is that the precipitation of cementite absorbs the carbon in the steel which plays a major role in improving cryogenic toughness at lower temperature. Another is that the γ′ and the purified matrix become major role at higher tempering temperature. When the tempering temperature is 600 ℃,the stability of γ′ is decreased quickly,even the transformation takes place at room temperature,which results in a sharp decrease of Charpy-V impact energy at 77 K. The tempering temperature range is enlarged by the special distribution of cementite and the lamellar structure.
Crack Properties of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101 in Hot Forming Processes

The crack behavior of LDX 2101 by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 950 to 1150 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01 to 30 s~(-1) was studied.The hot workability map of LDX 2101 was constructed and the alloy exhibited a better crack resistance at higher temperature and lower strain rate.Microvoids initiated and coalesced into crack at subsurface on the equatorial plane of bulge surface under secondary tensile condition.The cracks were orientated at an angle of approximately 45° with respect to the compression axis due to the secondary tensile stress.Microcracks easily initiated on the interface of ferrite and austenite and propagated within ferrite.The predicted results using specific plastic work approach were matched well with the free surface cracks.
Silica Supported Methanesulfonic Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols

A green protocol for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols from three-component one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, amides or urea in the presence of silica supported methanesulfonic acid under thermal solvent-free conditions has been described. The catalyst is stable, efficient, easily prepared, and reusable. The remarkable features of this methodology are short reaction time, excellent yields, simple experimental and work-up procedures.
Extraction and Determination of Quercetin and Myricetin from Chamaecyparis obtusa by Ionic Liquids-based Monolithic Cartridge

A short ionic liquids (ILs)-based monolithic cartridge was prepared and used as the selective extraction sorbent. After the material was evaluated by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), a new approach for the extraction and determination of quercetin and myricetin from Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) by using ILs-based, monolithic cartridge system was developed. Chromatographic analysis was conducted on a C_(18) column with UV detection at 372 nm, an eluting solution consisting of acetonitrile-water (25/75, V/V) as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 0.7 mL?min~(-1). A good linear relationship was demonstrated when the concentrations of quercetin and myricetin were in the range of 0.5—100.0 μg?mL~(-1). The recoveries ranged from 101.6% to 104.6% and the interand intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 5.0%. This method effectively removed the impurities and avoided tedious pretreatment. It provided a fast, economic and effective method for assaying trace drugs from natural plants.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of Novel N-Pyridylpyrazolecarboxamides Containing Different Substituents in the ortho-Position

In order to look for novel insecticides containing N-pyridylpyrazole, ten novel pyrazolecarboxamides containing different ortho-substituents in the aniline part were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and HRMS. The single crystal structure of 10b was determined by X-ray diffraction. Their evaluated insecticidal activity against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) indicated that all the compounds exhibited moderate insecticidal activities.
Compressed Sensing: Optimized Overcomplete Dictionary for UnderwaterAcoustic Channel Estimation

Compressed Sensing (CS) offers a method to solve the channel estimation problems for an underwater acoustic system, based on the existence of a sparse representation of the treated signal and an overcomplete dictionary with a set of non-orthogonal bases. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to optimize dictionaries by decreasing the average measure of the mutual coherence of the effective dictionary. A fixed link between the average mutual coherence and the CS performance is indicated by designing three factors: operating bandwidth, the number of pilot subcarriers, and coherence bandwidth. Both the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and the Basis Pursuit De-Noising (BPDN) are compared to the Dantzig Selector (DS) for different Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) and shown to benefit from the newly designed dictionary. Numerical simulations and experimental data of an OFDM receiver are used to evaluate the proposed method in comparison with the conventional Least-Square (LS) estimator. The results show that the dictionary with a better condition considerably improves the performance of the channel estimation.
婴幼儿听神经病的干预

听神经病是一种特殊的听力障碍,对婴幼儿的言语发育影响较大,早期进行有效的干预至关重要。由于该病的病因病理不同,病变部位不同,干预效果可出现较大差异。一般听力下降比较明显的患儿在人工耳蜗植人之前建议佩戴助听器。人工耳蜗植人是听神经病患儿相对理想的干预手段,当患儿听力下降达到重度或极重度时建议及早进行手术。另外,助听器试戴一段时间后,不论听力损失程度如何,言语理解能力进步差时建议行人工耳蜗植入。听力障碍患儿学会语言是干预的最终目的,听神经病患儿主要特征是言语能力差,不管采用何种干预手段,科学有效的听觉言语训练必不可少。总之,根据听神经病患儿听力损失程度、病因、病理及病变部位的不同,选择合适的干预方式,配合个性化的听觉言语康复训练,才能获得理想的干预效果。
子宫内膜异位症术后置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器的临床疗效

目的探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)对子宫内膜异位症保守性手术后巩固治疗的临床疗效。方法选择妇科收治手术和病理确诊的子宫内膜异位症患者78例,按照术后是否放置LNG-IUS分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=38),比较两组患者随访12个月后疼痛症状改善情况、血清CA125水平以及子宫内膜异位症的复发情况。结果观察组患者随访12个月后的VAS评分(3.05±1.97)显著低于对照组的(5.47±2.78),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组CA125为(21.7±16.5)U/mL,显著低于对照组的(35.3±16.7)U/mL,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的症状完全缓解率(82.5%)、部分缓解率(12.5%)显著高于对照组(65.8%、10.5%),而观察组的累积复发率(5%)明显低于对照组(23.7%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论LNG-IUS对子宫内膜异位症患者保守性术后的巩固治疗临床疗效较好,可以显著改善术后患者的疼痛症状,显著提高治疗效果,复发率低。
心理认知疗法对非器质性咽异感症的疗效

目的研究非器质性咽异感症患者的心理健康状况,并探讨心理认知疗法的疗效。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和认知偏差问卷(CBQ)从158例门诊非器质性咽异感症患者中筛选出抑郁倾向较为明显的患者60例,将患者分为两组,每组30例,对照组使用健民咽喉片和维生素B1治疗,观察组除应用上述药物外,还应用心理认知疗法,治疗时间为1个月左右,然后进行疗效评估。结果观察组治疗后SCL-90总分和CBQ结果与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而对照组治疗前后SCL-90总分和CBQ结果较治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗有效率为83.3%,而对照组为40.0%(P<0.01)。结论非器质性咽异感症患者存在明显的心理健康问题,心理认知疗法可使患者抑郁程度明显减轻,一定的心理疏导可以明显提高疗效。
深圳市基层卫生人员职业病相关知识培训的效果

目的了解深圳市基层卫生人员职业病相关知识培训效果,为进一步提高基层卫生人员职业病相关知识水平提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样法,在深圳市7个区随机抽取106家单位(包括区级医院、街道医院、社区健康中心、工厂医务室等)医务人员,进行职业病相关知识调查及培训,调查及培训内容包括职业病防治法律法规、有机溶剂中毒、尘肺病、重金属中毒、噪声聋等相关知识,分析培训前后基层卫生人员职业病相关知识知晓率的差异。结果共发放350份问卷,回收有效问卷276份,有效回收率为78.86%。培训前后基层卫生人员的职业病相关知识的总知晓率分别为56.82%、70.73%,与培训前比较,培训后调查对象对“尘肺病”、“重金属中毒"、“噪声聋"、“有机溶剂中毒"、“职业病防治相关法律法规”等相关知识知晓率均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过开展培训,深圳市基层卫生人员职业病相关知识的知晓率明显提高,但依然较低,应该进一步加强其职业病相关知识的培训。
催化裂化烟气硫转移剂的研究进展

催化裂化装置(FCCU)是石油二次加工的重要手段,也是排放硫氧化物(SO_x)的主要源头之一。据报道,炼油厂排放的SO_x约占其总排放量的6%~7%,而催化裂化(FCC)就占总排放量的5%左右~([1])。催化裂化(FCC)过程中沉积在焦炭上的硫会转化为SO_x(其中SO_2占90%以上,其余为SO_3),随再生烟气排出,这是FCC装置SO_x排放的主要来源~([1-2]).FCC过程中产生的SO_x会造成设备腐蚀、增加装置能耗.排放后造成大气污染,形成的酸雨和迷雾则破坏生态环境,危害人类健康~([3]).近年来,世界各国对SO_x排放要求越来越严格,美国环保署(EPA)规定FCCU的SO_2排放量在25 μL/L以下,欧洲规定新建FCCU烟气中SO_2浓度为20~150 mg/m _(3[4]).我国颁布的HJ/T125-2003环保行业标准对SO_x的排放也作出更严格的限制([5]).
头皮扩张皮瓣移植分期修复跨发际的头面部大面积缺损

目的总结应用头皮扩张皮瓣移植分期修复跨发际的头面部大面积缺损的经验和策略。方法跨发际的头面部组织缺损5例,包括烧伤后头面部瘢痕并秃发3例、色素痣2例,采用皮肤扩张皮瓣移植分二期或三期修复。二期手术共2例,I期于头部植入扩张器,同时施行脐旁皮瓣或肩胛皮瓣游离移植修复面部缺损;II期行扩张头皮转移修复秃发区。三期手术3例,I期于头部和肩背部同时植入扩张器,II期行扩张头皮转移,III期行预扩张颈浅血管蒂肩背皮瓣岛状转移修复面部。结果5例皮瓣均全部成活。术后随访6~36个月,秃发区95%以上得到覆盖,面部外观良好。结论跨发际的头面部大面积缺损需修复头部秃发区和面部,应用头皮扩张术和皮瓣移植术的分期修复方法能获得良好的外观并缩短治疗周期。
应用骨间背侧肌皮瓣修复手部创面

目的报道应用骨间背侧肌肌皮瓣修复手部创面的临床疗效。方法2006年12月至2010年6月,以第1~3掌骨间背侧动脉走行体表投影为皮瓣的轴线,根据受区缺损面积大小及形状设计骨间背侧肌皮瓣修复手部创面缺损,修复掌指关节附近皮肤缺损、肌腱外露伴空腔形成8例,手背近腕背横纹皮肤缺损伴第2/3指背肌腱外。露3例,中指近节指骨皮肤缺损伴肌腱及神经外露1例。缺损面积最小为1.5 cm×3.8 cm,最大为5.0cm×6.0 cm。结果皮瓣全部成活。术后经3个月~2年的随访,修复后的皮瓣质地、外形满意,手部关节屈伸功能不受限,活动自如,无手部功能障碍。皮瓣两点辨别觉为6~10 mm,感觉良好。结论应用骨间背侧肌肌皮瓣修复手部缺损创面解剖结构恒定,操作简便,皮瓣成活率高,适宜修复手部比较严重的软组织缺损。
Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), in sewage sludge for land application

The presence of an emerging brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), has been confirmed in Spanish sewage sludge. Thirty one samples from different urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for this brominated flame retardant. DBDPE was positively identified and quantified in all samples at lower concentrations (47.0 ± 29.7 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean ± SD) than those obtained for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) (290 ± 236 ng/g dw; mean ± SD) in a previous study. Influence of the WWTP characteristics in the pollutant levels was evaluated. No significant correlations were obtained between DBDPE concentrations and the population or sewage sludge production rate associated with the plants, neither wastewater treatment method. Sources of DBDPE in the sludge were also evaluated. Data indicate a common origin for DBDPE and BDE-209, which may be related to leaching processes during the use and disposal of consumer products containing these chemicals. Nevertheless, DBDPE contents are not influenced by industrial activities, which suggests that the infusion of DBDPE commercial mixture is not a source of this chemical into the environment, and indicates that the use of DBDPE in the Spanish industry is still low compared to deca-BDE.
Effects of tungsten oxide on the activity and thermal stability of a sulfate-derived titania supported platinum catalyst for propane oxidation

A Pt/WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst for propane oxidation was prepared by a stepwise wet impregnation method, and was aged at 800°C for 5 hr. Compared to the sulfate-derived titania supported catalyst, the introduction of tungsten oxide as stable Br nsted acid sites led to the formation of more metallic platinum active sites at the Pt/WO_3 interface. The dissociation of surface intermediates for propane oxidation was promoted on the WO_3-modified catalyst. This, as well as the inhibition effects of tungsten oxide on the sintering of anatase and the phase transformation to rutile, resulting in a high activity and thermal stability for the Pt/WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst.
A Dimensionality Reduction Framework for Detection of Multiscale Structure in Heterogeneous Networks

Graph clustering has been widely applied in exploring regularities emerging in relational data.Recently,the rapid development of network theory correlates graph clustering with the detection of community structure,a common and important topological characteristic of networks.Most existing methods investigate the community structure at a single topological scale.However,as shown by empirical studies,the community structure of real world networks often exhibits multiple topological descriptions,corresponding to the clustering at different resolutions.Furthermore,the detection of multiscale community structure is heavily affected by the heterogeneous distribution of node degree.It is very challenging to detect multiscale community structure in heterogeneous networks.In this paper,we propose a novel,unified framework for detecting community structure from the perspective of dimensionality reduction.Based on the framework,we first prove that the well-known Laplacian matrix for network partition and the widely-used modularity matrix for community detection are two kinds of covariance matrices used in dimensionality reduction.We then propose a novel method to detect communities at multiple topological scales within our framework.We further show that existing algorithms fail to deal with heterogeneous node degrees.We develop a novel method to handle heterogeneity of networks by introducing a rescaling transformation into the covariance matrices in our framework.Extensive tests on real world and artificial networks demonstrate that the proposed correlation matrices significantly outperform Laplacian and modularity matrices in terms of their ability to identify multiscale community structure in heterogeneous networks.
Heavy metal phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii is affected by continual clipping and phosphorus fertilization amendment

Improving the efficacy of phytoextraction is critical for its successful application in metal contaminated soils. Mineral nutrition affects plant growth and metal absorption and subsequently the accumulation of heavy metal through hyper-accumulator plants. This study assessed the effects of di-hydrogen phosphates (KH_2PO_4, Ca(H_2PO_4)_2, NaH_2PO_4 and NH_4H_2PO_4) application at three levels (22, 88 and 352 mg P/kg soil) on Sedum alfredii growth and metal uptake by three consecutive harvests on aged and Zn/Cd combined contaminated paddy soil. The addition of phosphates (P) significantly increased the amount of Zn taken up by S. alfredii due to increased shoot Zn concentration and dry matter yield (DMY) (P < 0.05). The highest phytoextraction of Zn and Cd was observed in KH_2PO_4 and NH_4H_2PO_4 treatment at 352 mg P/kg soil. The amount of Zn removed by phytoextraction increased in the order of 1st clipping < 2nd clipping < 3rd clipping, and for Cd extraction the order was 2nd clipping < 1st clipping < 3rd clipping. These results indicate that the application of P fertilizers coupled with multiple cuttings can enhance the removal of Zn and Cd from contaminated soils by S. alfredii, thus shortening the time needed for accomplishing remediation goals.