mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait:a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation

A fully nonlinear,three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents(M_2,S_2,K_1,and O_1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait(LS).The model results show that,during spring(neap) tides,about 64(47) GW(1 GW=10~9 W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS,of which 59.0%(50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides.About 22(11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS,among which 50.9%(54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea(SCS) and 45.0%(39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean,and the remaining 16(13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection.It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide,indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS.The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides.In addition,the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability.Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
电动汽车电池安全性研究新动态

在我国今年通过的《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划(2012—2020年)》和《电动汽车科技发展"十二五"专项规划》中,都确立了纯电动汽车是未来汽车工业的主要战略发展方向,并明确了未来5~10年的发展目标。在政策的大力支持下,纯电动汽车未来5~10年将迎来一轮发展狂潮。
气候变化承诺

全球气候变暖是当代最受关注的问题之一。当然,人们首先想知道变暖究竟能达到什么程度。既然变暖的主要原因是人类活动造成温室气体增加,使温室效应加剧,则未来变暖的程度显然取决于过去排放了多少温室气体,以及今后以什么速度、排放多少温室气体。IPCC第3次《及第4次663-745评估报告使用了6种排放情景(scenarios),近来人们又设计了新一代的4种情景,称为“典型浓度目标” (representative concentration pathways),可能在第5次评估报告中使用。这些都是具体的方案。
Myelopoiesis during Zebrafish Early Development

Myelopoiesis is the process of producing all types of myeloid cells including monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes.Myeloid cells are known to manifest a wide spectrum of activities such as immune surveillance and tissue remodeling.Irregularities in myeloid cell development and their function are known to associate with the onset and the progression of a variety of human disorders such as leukemia.In the past decades,extensive studies have been carried out in various model organisms to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying myelopoiesis with the hope that these efforts will yield knowledge translatable into therapies for related diseases.Zebrafish has recently emerged as a prominent animal model for studying myelopoiesis,especially during early embryogenesis,largely owing to its unique properties such as transparent embryonic body and external development.This review introduces the methodologies used in zebrafish research and focuses on the recent research progresses of zebrafish myelopoiesis.
全球变暖预估的不确定性

根据IPCC第4次评估报告(AR4)第10章,到2100年全球平均温度相对于1980 -1999年平均有可能上升1.1 ~6.4,最佳估计值为1.8?4.0 ℃。这里给出来的是一个变化范围,但是,要注意这并不是预估的不确定性。1.1℃是最低排放情景B1的下限,6.4℃是最高排放情景A1F1的上限。1.8℃是B1的最佳估计值,4.0 ℃是A1F1的最佳估计值。所以,AR4给出来的预估范围,只反映了温室气体的不同排放情景。每个情景下的预估是多模式集合的平均结果。共有23个模式参加集合,但是不同时段及不同方案参加集合的模式数目有所不同,有时只有17个模式有结果。对所有参加集合的模式结果求平均就得到AR4最后给出的预估值,也包括根据所有模式结果计算的标准差。标准差反映的是不同模式之间的差异。
Mineral Constituents in Common Chanterelles and Soils Collected from a High Mountain and Lowland Sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.
GIS-based Evaluation on the Fault Motion-Induced Coseismic Landslides

Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS (Geographic Information System) is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45 o, PVGA (Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.15 g, and PHGA (Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion (over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.01 m/s~2, and 1 g = 981 Gal) characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depth have visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.
Local Variability in Temperature, Humidity and Radiation in the BaekduDaegan Mountain Protected Area of Korea

A novel embedded sensor network records changes in key climatic-environmental variables over a range of altitude in the BaekduDaegan Mountain (BDM) of Gangwon Province in Korea, a protected mountain region with unique biodiversity undergoing climate change research. The investigated area is subdivided into three horizontal north-south study areas. Three variables, temperature (T, ℃), relative humidity (RH, %), and light intensity (LI, lumens m~(-2), or lux, lx), have been continuously measured at hourly intervals from June, 2010 to September, 2011 using HOBO H8 devices at 10 fixed study sites. These hourly observations are aggregated to monthly, seasonal and annual mean values, and results are summarized to inaugurate a long-term climate change investigation. A region wide T difference in accordance with altitude, or lapse rate, over the interval is calculated as 0.4℃100 m ~(-1). T lapse rates change seasonally, with winter lapse rates being greater than those of summer. RH is elevated in summer compared to other seasons. LI within forestland is lower during summer and higher during other seasons. The obtained results could closely relate to the vegetation type and structure and the terrain state since data loggers were located in forestland.
小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉对剖宫产产妇血流动力学的影响

目的探讨应用FloTrac/Vigileo系统观察小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉对剖宫产产妇血流动力学的影响。方法60例孕足月、单胎剖宫产产妇随机均分为两组:A组腰麻用药为布比卡因10mg;B组腰麻用药为布比卡因6mg复合芬太尼20μg。记录两组患者麻醉前(T_1)、麻醉后3min(T_2)、10min(T_3)、15min(T_4)、30min(T_5)、手术结束时(T_6)的心输出量(CO)、MAP和HR变化;观察麻醉效果、不良反应、新生儿1、5min Apgar评分。结果T_2~T_6时A组CO、MAP明显降低于T_1时和B组(P<0.05)。B组低血压和寒战发生率明显低于A组(P<0.05)。两组麻醉效果、新生儿1、5minApgar评分差异无统计学意义。结论小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉行剖宫产术可维持血流动力学稳定,FloTrac/Vigileo系统可持续有效监测血流动力学。
人工流产术后阴道流血45天

患者入院后完善相关检查,于2011年12月27日行剖腹探查术。术中探查:大网膜与腹壁粘连,子宫增大约8 cm×6 cm×5 cm,左侧附件已被切除,右侧附件未见异常。膀胱与子宫峡部粘连,子宫峡部增粗约8 cm×7 cm×6 cm,于浆膜层处见到淤血。宫体注射垂体后叶素2支后,从原子宫下段瘢痕上缘切开肌层直达宫腔,取出陈旧性机化组织约100 g,用碘伏擦拭宫腔。用0 /2DG线“8”字缝合子宫创口。并于浆膜层注射MTX 100 mg。术中同时行右侧输卵管结扎。并于子宫腔内放置Foly氏尿管,球囊内注入20 ml 0. 9%氯化钠溶液,尿袋内装入250 ml 0. 9%氯化钠溶液牵拉压迫子宫峡部止血。术后于2012年12月29日复查血β-HCG 36. 9 U/L,尿HCG 106 U/L。于1月2日出院。术后1周复查血尿HCG,已恢复正常。术后1月月经恢复,术后3月复查B超无异常。
再生水补充饮用水的水质要求及处理工艺发展趋势

城市污水经深度处理后补充饮用水是实现水资源循环利用的有效方法之一,保障健康安全是再生水补充饮用水的关键。其水质常规指标难以满足健康安全要求,还需关注微量有毒有害污染物、病原微生物等,世界上许多国家和地区提出了严格的水质标准以保障再生水安全性和公众健康。目前,再生水补充饮用水在美国、欧洲、新加坡等国家和地区均有成功应用,且范围逐渐扩大,相关研究不断深入。再生水工艺也从早期的二级处理后增加单一消毒工艺发展为双膜工艺(微滤/超滤-反渗透)和高级氧化工艺的组合。再生水补充饮用水还面临许多新的挑战,深入研究新兴有毒有害化学污染物和高风险病原微生物的健康风险及其在水处理工艺中的去除机制和控制技术具有重要意义。
三维荧光结合荧光区域积分法评估净水厂有机物去除效果

三维荧光光谱技术具有高度的灵敏性,可对水体中的有机物进行有效识别和解析。以三维荧光光谱技术为手段,结合荧光区域积分(FRI)方法,考察长江下游地区某典型净水厂水处理过程中有机物的去除状况。研究结果表明,由于饮用水水源受到轻微污染,原水中有机物构成以芳香性蛋白类、溶解性微生物代谢产物为主,富里酸类有机物的含量比较低。常规水处理工艺对原水中有机物的去除效果有限,而臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理工艺对原水中有机物的去除起主要作用,对芳香性蛋白类Ⅰ、芳香性蛋白类Ⅱ、富里酸类、溶解性微生物代谢产物、腐殖酸类物质的荧光区域标准体积的去除率分别为71.5%、73.8%、63.3%、73.7%、58.7%。三维荧光光谱结合荧光区域积分方法,能够有效监测和分析水体中低浓度有机物的去除情况,可以作为一种有效的技术手段,用于净水厂的日常运行和水质监测。
Preparation of CeNi_2 intermetallic compound by direct electroreduction of solid CeO_2 -2NiO in molten LiCl

Electrochemical reduction of solid CeO _2 -2NiO to produce CeNi _2 was conducted in molten LiCl at 650 °C. The electrochemical reduction behaviors of NiO, CeO _2 and their mixture were investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements. Moreover, a series of electrolysis experiments of different electrolysis cell voltages and electrolysis duration were performed to evaluate the reduction mechanism of the mixed oxides pellet cathode as well as the energy efficiency of the process. Homogeneous CeNi _2 was prepared by electrolysis at the constant cell voltage of 3.5 V with a graphite anode. The results demonstrated that the NiO was preferentially reduced to Ni and it subsequently promoted the reduction of CeO _2. The electrolysis energy consumption for preparation of the CeNi _2 could be as low as 6.5 kWh/kg-CeNi _2.
CT仿真肠镜诊断小肠血管瘤2例

对消化道出血患者,可先行胃镜或结肠镜检査,排除上消化道及结直肠出血。如不能确诊,可行核素显像或CT小肠镜检查,以明确小肠有无病变,若两者结合则更显优势,应列为小肠出血术前检査首选。小肠血管瘤的最好治疗方法是手术治疗,治疗方案根据病灶的部位和范围来决定。
心脏激素的抑瘤效应及作用机制

心钠素简称ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide)或ANF(atrialnatriuretic factor),是由心房分泌的一种活性多肽激素,主要参与维持机体水盐平衡及血压调节等功能。然而ANP只是该组4种多肽中的一种,其来源于ANP基因编码的心钠素前体(proANP) 。proANP在体内酶解为含第99 ~ 126个氨基酸的ANP、含第1 ~ 30个氨基酸的长效钠肽(LA - NP) 、含第31 ~ 67个氨基酸的血管扩张素(VD)及含第79 ~ 98个氨基酸的利钾肽(KP)4种多肽。近年发现4种心脏激素对多种肿瘤有抑瘤效应,且不良反应极轻,作为内源性激素开发为抗癌药物很有价值。
不同剂量丙泊酚输注对颅脑手术患者脂质代谢的影响

目的观察不同剂量丙泊酚恒速输注对颅脑手术患者血浆中脂质代谢的影响,探讨颅脑肿瘤切除手术丙泊酚恒速输注维持麻醉的适宜剂量。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑肿瘤切除术患者45例,分为A、B、C 3组,每组15例,A组输注丙泊酚剂量为4 mg/(kg.h),B组输注丙泊酚的剂量为6 mg/(kg.h),C组输注丙泊酚剂量为8 mg/(kg.h)。于麻醉诱导后未输注丙泊酚(T1),丙泊酚输注2 h(T2)、4 h(T3),停止输注丙泊酚1 h(T4)、2 h(T5)、8 h(T6)6个时点抽取静脉血标本,分别检测TC、TG、HDL、LDL的值。记录各组患者体重、手术持续时间、术中补液量情况。结果3组患者体重、手术持续时间、术中补液量组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T1、T2时点3组TC、TG、HDL、LDL的值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3、T4、T5时点,与A组比较,B组TG、TC、HDL的值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3、T4时点B组LDL的值低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与A、B两组比较,C组TG、TC的值增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HDL和LDL的值降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T6时点3组TC、TG、HDL、LDL的值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在实施颅脑手术时,选用异丙酚持续静脉输注维持麻醉,输注时间超过4 h以上者,使用丙泊酚的适宜剂量应小于6 mg/(kg.h)。
食管癌中环氧化酶-2和人端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA的表达

目的研究环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)mRNA在食管癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用RT-PCR检测46例食管癌组织及其对应的癌旁食管组织(距离肿瘤至少5cm)和65例正常食管黏膜组织中COX-2和hTERT mRNA的表达。结果COX-2和hTERT mRNA在食管癌组织和癌旁组织中表达的阳性率明显高于正常食管黏膜组织(P<0.05),而在食管癌组织中表达的阳性率与癌旁组织差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);COX-2和hTERT mRNA在食管癌组织中的表达与患者年龄、分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴转移和临床分期无关(P>0.05),而两者表达具有关联性(P=0.015)。结论COX-2和hTERT mRNA在食管癌组织中的表达可能均是早期事件,联合检测这两个基因可能对食管癌的早期诊断及相关治疗具有重要的意义。
Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of Al-alloyed ductile iron upon casting and annealing

Ductile iron containing 6.16wt% Al was developed to investigate the effects of aluminum on both its microstructure and hardness. It was found that aluminum not only increases the nodule count and pearlite content but also improves the hardness in both sand mold and metal mold castings. Annealing treatments were conducted to attain a homogenous microstructure and improve high-temperature serviceability. A ferrite/carbide or ferritic matrix was gained depending on the annealing temperature. It is also discovered that annealing has inverse influences on the hardness of the bulk alloy and the ferrite phase. Although it causes a small decrease in the bulk hardness of the specimens, it leads to an increase in the microhardness of the ferrite. Micro-segregation of the alloying elements was also investigated by means of electron probe micro-analysis for the specimens with different annealing durations and the as-cast specimen as well. An optimum annealing time was proposed to result in the least amount of micro-segregation of aluminum and silicon between graphite nodules.
恶性肿瘤患者厌食和恶病质研究与治疗进展

癌症患者在终末期常伴发厌食与恶病质,恶病质导致生活质量的严重下降。对于恶病质的研究逐渐受到了重视。现有研究表明,恶病质是一个多因素的概念,其病理生理机制包括炎症、代谢及内分泌改变、脂肪丢失、骨骼肌丢失等。恶病质与心理情绪的关系亦十分密切,二者可互为因果。目前,恶病质尚无明确有效的治疗手段,主要包括食欲刺激疗法、靶向治疗、刺激肌肉蛋白合成代谢、情绪疗法、神经肽疗法等。单纯营养支持很难改善恶病质,然而药物治疗方面,除了沙利度胺之外,疗效均不尽如人意。所以,我们期待更多关于恶病质相关机制的研究结果, 从而使更加有效的治疗手段成为可能。本文综述近年来关于厌食与恶病质的研究与治疗进展。
安坤煎剂对子宫切除术后大鼠卵巢功能的影响

目的:观察益肾填精中药"安坤煎剂"对子宫切除术后大鼠雌激素(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)水平及卵巢组织形态学的变化,探讨子宫切除术后对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选择雌性成年未孕SD大鼠3~4月龄,随机分为空白组、手术1组、手术2组、手术3组、中药1组、中药2组、中药3组共7组。除空白组外,切除其余各组大鼠子宫,保留双侧卵巢。术后分组给予不同的药物,检测血清E2、FSH水平及卵巢组织形态学的变化。结果:子宫切除术后大鼠雌激素(E2)水平持续下降。手术2组、手术3组与空白组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随手术后时间的延长,卵巢纤维组织增生明显,成熟卵泡减少,黄体数目减少,与空白组相比,卵巢组织出现明显的衰退变化。应用益肾填精中药"安坤煎剂"治疗后,雌激素水平升高,与空白组相比无统计学意义,且卵巢形态学表现可得到一定的改善。结论:子宫切除术后可使大鼠卵巢功能衰退,益肾填精中药"安坤煎剂"可改善子宫切除术后大鼠的卵巢功能,防治卵巢功能早衰。
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activites of Rotenone O-Alkyl Oximes

A series of rotenone O-alkyl oxime derivatives was designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and 1~H NMR spectral studies, and the typical crystal structure of rotenone O-ethyl oxime(3b) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The preliminary biological activities of the new compounds were evaluated. The results of bioassays indicate that the title compounds exhibit moderate insecticidal and bactericidal activities. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 3q exhibited 90.0% mortality against M. separata at 1000 μg/mL. Compounds 3b and 3g exhibited both 90.0% inhibition rate against R. solani at 500 μg/mL, respectively.
参麦注射液治疗缺血性中风急性期的临证运用

近年来,具有益气养阴功效的参麦注射液越来越多地被应用于中风病急性期的治疗,显示出有别于活血化瘀类中药注射剂的独特疗效。但在参麦注射液的临床应用中也存在一些问题,如对其作用机制和应用指征认识模糊,合并用药不够规范等,这在一定程度上影响了参麦注射液的临床疗效。笔者现就临床运用参麦注射液治疗缺血性中风急性期谈几点认识,以供参考。
补肾活血方联合宫腔镜治疗宫腔粘连综合征临床观察

宫腔粘连综合征是指因创伤、继发感染等原因导致子宫内膜损伤,造成子宫肌壁相互粘连而引起的一组临床症候群。本研究旨在通过临床观察,以评价补肾活血方联合宫腔镜治疗宫腔粘连综合征的有效性及安全性,为本病的治疗提供新方法。
Performance assessment of a spiral methanol to hydrogen fuel processor for fuel cell applications

A novel design of plate-type microchannel reactor has been developed for fuel cell-grade hydrogen production.Commercial Cu/Zn/Al2O3 was used as catalyst for the reforming reaction,and its effectiveness was evaluated on the mole fraction of products,methanol conversion,hydrogen yield and the amount of carbon monoxide under various operating conditions.Subsequently,0.5 wt% Ru/Al2O3 as methanation catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and coupled with MSR step to evaluate the capability of methanol processor for CO reduction.Based on the experimental results,the optimum conditions were obtained as feed flow rate of 5mL/h and temperature of 250℃,leading to a low CO selectivity and high H2 yield.The designed reformer with catalyst coated layer was compared with the conventional packed bed reformer at the same operating conditions.The constructed fuel processor had a good performance and excellent capability for on-board hydrogen production.
Hydrate-based carbon dioxide capture from simulated integrated gasification combined cycle gas

The equilibrium hydrate formation conditions for CO2/H2 gas mixtures with different CO2 concentrations in 0.29 mol% TBAB aqueous solution are firstly measured.The results illustrate that the equilibrium hydrate formation pressure increases remarkably with the decrease of CO2 concentration in the gas mixture.Based on the phase equilibrium data,a three stages hydrate CO2 separation from integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) synthesis gas is investigated.Because the separation efficiency is quite low for the third hydrate separation,a hybrid CO2 separation process of two hydrate stages in conjunction with one chemical absorption process (absorption with MEA) is proposed and studied.The experimental results show H2 concentration in the final residual gas released from the three stages hydrate CO2 separation process was approximately 95.0 mol% while that released from the hybrid CO2 separation process was approximately 99.4 mol%.Thus,the hybrid process is possible to be a promising technology for the industrial application in the future.
A flow cytometer based protocol for quantitative analysis of bloom-forming cyanobacteria(Microcystis) in lake sediments

A quantitative protocol for the rapid analysis of Microcystis cells and colonies in lake sediment was developed using a modified flow cytometer,the CytoSense.For cell enumeration,diluted sediment samples containing Microcystis were processed with sonication to disintegrate colonies into single cells.An optimized procedure suggested that 5 mg dw(dry weight)/mL dilution combined with 200 W × 2 min sonication yielded the highest counting efficiency.Under the optimized determination conditions,the quantification limit of this protocol was 3.3×10~4 cells/g dw.For colony analysis,Microcystis were isolated from the sediment by filtration.Colony lengths measured by flow cytometry were similar to those measured by microscopy for the size range of one single cell to almost 400 μm in length.Moreover,the relationship between colony size and cell number was determined for three Microcystis species,including Microcystis flos-aquae,M.aeruginosa and M.wessenbergii.Regression formulas were used to calculate the cell numbers in differentsized colonies.The developed protocol was applied to field sediment samples from Lake Taihu.The results indicated the potential and applicability of flow cytometry as a tool for the rapid analysis of benthic Microcystis.This study provided a new capability for the high frequency monitoring of benthic overwintering and population dynamics of this bloom-forming cyanobacterium.
Influence of soil type and genotype on Cd bioavailability and uptake by rice and implications for food safety

Cadmium(Cd) entering the human body via the food chain is of increasing concern.This study investigates the effects of soil type and genotype on variations in the Cd concentrations of different organs of nine rice plants grown on two types of soils with two Cd levels.Cd concentrations in nine rice cultivars varied significantly with genotype and soil type(P < 0.01).The Cd concentration was higher in red paddy soil(RP) than in yellow clayey paddy soil(YP).The average Cd concentrations of different organs in three rice types were indica > hybrid > japonica for the Cd treatments and controls.The polished grain concentration in YP and RP soils had a range of 0.055-0.23 mg/kg and 0.13-0.36 mg/kg in the Cd treatment,respectively.Two rice cultivars in YP soil and five rice cultivars in RP soil exceeded the concentration limits in the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard(0.2 mg/kg).The Cd concentrations in roots,stems,and leaves were all significantly and positively correlated to that in polished grain in a single test.The Cd concentrations in polished grain were positively and significantly(P < 0.01) correlated with the calculated transfer factors of stem to grain and leaf to grain Cd transfer.The results indicated that the variations of Cd concentration in grain were related to Cd uptake and the remobilization of Cd from stem and leaf to grain.Also,the cultivars with a strong tendency for Cd-accumulation should be avoided in paddy soil with low soil pH and low organic matter content to reduce the risks to human health from high Cd levels in rice.
Initial identification of heavy metals contamination in Taihu Lake, a eutrophic lake in China

A detailed investigation of seven heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Ni) in the water column, interstitial water and surface sediment was conducted to quantify the extent of their contamination in Taihu Lake. Results showed the average total concentrations ranged from 0.93 μg/L for Cd to 47.03 μg/L for Zn. The dissolved concentrations in the overlying water ranged from 0.06 μg/L for Cd to 15.86 μg/L for Zn. The metals in the Taihu Lake surface water were primarily in the particulate phase, especially for Cd, whose particulate concentration represented 94.3% of the total. In the surface sediment, the mean concentrations for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were 41.50, 28.72, 27.82, 65.46, 5.94, 0.82 and 41.17 mg/kg, respectively. The metals in the water column and sediments of Taihu Lake displayed significant spatial variations, and the higher metal concentrations mainly occurred in the north and west of Taihu Lake, especially in Zhushan Bay and West Taihu Lake. A quality assessment indicated that most of the metals in the surface water of Taihu Lake had no or low adverse health effects on organisms, except for Pb and Cu, which may cause chronic toxicity. Compared with the "Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines", the polluting metals were Cr, Ni and Cd, and the polluted regions were confined to Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay and the west of Taihu Lake, especially for north of Zhushan Bay. The polluted areas for Cr, Ni and Cd were 14.36, 34.70 and 13.24 km~2, respectively. We suggest that Cr, Ni, and Cd in the polluted areas should be addressed and that tissue chemistry and sediment toxicity assessments be performed as soon as possible.
不同DGGE谱带信息提取方法对分析结果的影响

自1993年Muyzer,et al.将变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)引入到微生物生态学研究以来,DGGE已被广泛应用于各种生态系统(如淡水、海洋、土壤、动物消化道等)的微生物群落结构分析。但对于DGGE凝胶的分析至今仍没有统一的方法,研究者主要采用凝胶条带的0/1矩阵、峰值矩阵或亮度矩阵对凝胶图谱进行分析。为了建立一种可靠的DGGE凝胶分析方法,我们以草鱼消化道细菌群落16S rDNA V3区的DGGE图谱为对象,比较了DGGE凝胶去泳道背景时的条带0/1矩阵、峰值矩阵和亮度矩阵在有效条带阈值分别设定为0、50和100时对分析结果的影响,评估并建立了一种重复性高、样本间相似性最稳定的DGGE凝胶分析方法。
城市内河河道中抗生素控制技术研究进展

抗生素在我国被广泛使用,且滥用现象较为严重,引起河流受到不同程度的抗生素污染。而国内对河流中抗生素污染及处理研究文献报道尚少,现有的处理技术也不能完全去除抗生素,进入河流的抗生素成为水资源安全利用的巨大挑战。传统的生物处理技术仍需进一步研究以提高抗生素的去除能力,膜处理、高级氧化技术等高级处理的研究及相关工艺设备的研发也需加强,最终达到更高的出水水质,并且能有效控制投资、使用和维护的成本,使其得以推广应用。总而言之,强化现有技术,研发新技术,高效去除水环境中抗生素污染,是保障水生生物和人类健康又一关键所在。
用过氧化钙控制城市河道底泥嗅味物质及氮磷释放试验研究

本文以深圳市XZ河底为研究对象,研究该底泥在静态条件下嗅味物质及氮磷的释放,并通过预防性和应急性投加过氧化钙两种方式控制维持水体溶解氧水平从而达到控制嗅味物质及氮磷的释放。结果表明:当底层DO低至1 mg /L时,通过预防性加入过氧化钙(CaO_2)能够维持水体DO,减缓嗅味物质的释放;同时底层氨氮的释放速率也由投加前的0. 468 mg /(L·d)降至投加后的0. 179 mg /(L·d) 。当所有上覆水体DO低至1 mg /L时,通过应急的方式加入过氧化钙(CaO_2),投加后水体的平均DO由0. 09 mg /L上升至6. 11 mg /L,嗅味物质的释放也得到了明显的抑制,同时上覆水体的氮磷浓度也显著的下降。
GBDB数据库的发展与数据简况

GBDB在线数据库(Geobiodiversity Database,http://www.geobiodiversity.com)是一个基于互联网、数据库和GIS技术的古生物学和地层学的多用户协同的数字化科研平台(樊隽轩等,2011)。这一平台得到中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所及现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室的长期支持,在数据结构设计上以剖面为核心,将古生物系统分类数据与各类地层数据、化石产出记录、地理位置数据、文献数据等有机地融合为一体。同时在功能上,GBDB结合科学研究和生产应用的需求,开发了地理信息可视化、地层信息可视化、定量地层对比、多样性统计和生物地理分析等多种分析工具。自2007年正式上线以来,GBDB各类数据一直保持着较快的增长速度,截止到2012年5月,GBDB中累计集成了以中国材料为主的四千五百多个剖面的十八万条化石记录(图1)、十一万条古生物分类记录以及六万五千多条文献记录。