mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Assessment of rockburst hazard by quantifying the consequence with plastic strain work and released energy in numerical models

Quantifying the rockburst consequence is of critical importance to reduce the hazards with preventative measures in underground mines and deep tunnels. Contours of energy components within a pillar model are plotted at different rockmass damage stages, and plastic strain work and released energy are proposed as indicators of rockmass damage consequence. One pillar model under different loading stiffness is simulated to assess indicators of pillar burst and the resulting damages. The results show the rockmass damage under soft loading stiffness has larger magnitude of plastic strain work and released energy than that which is under stiff loading stiffness, indicating the rockburst consequence can be quantified with plastic strain work and released energy in numerical models. With the quantified rockburst consequence, preventative measures can be taken to avoid severe hazards to mine safety.
Guest editorial–special issue on ground control in mining in 2018

Ground control is the science of studying and controlling the behavior of rock strata in response to mining operations. Ground control-related research has seen significant advancements over the last 37 years, and these accomplishments are well documented in the proceedings of the annual International Conference on Ground Control in Mining (ICGCM). The ICGCM is a forum to promote closer communication among researchers, consultants, regulators, manufacturers, and mine operators to expedite solutions to research and advancements in ground control science define the central core of the conference mission. Providing information to mine operators is a priority, as the conference goal is to offer solutions- oriented information. In addition, the conference has included innovative technologies and ideas in mining-related fields such as exploration, geology, and surface and underground mining. Many new ground control technologies and design standards adopted by the mining industry were first discussed at ICGCM. Therefore, this conference is recognized as the best international forum for introducing new ground control-related research and products.
Particle selectivity of filtering by C. elegans

A nematode Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) is a filter feeder, which draws a suspension of bacteria and separates bacteria from the solvent by using pharyngeal pumping motions and specific mouth parts. This mechanism has not been fully understood. We investigated the mechanism of filtering of bacteria in the pharynx of C. elegans by visualization by fluorescent particles and dyed E. coli. We succeeded in quantifying the selectivity of bacteria-sized particles by C. elegans. The most accumulated particles were those of 0.5 μm in diameter. The quantity of accumulated particles of 0.2 μm or 1.0 μm in diameter was about one third of that of particles of 0.5 μm in diameter. The least accumulated particles were those of 0.05 μm in diameter. These results suggest that the pharyngeal structures of C. elegans would be suitable for eating bacteria because the size of bacteria ingested by C. elegans worms is about 0.5 μm in diameter. We also succeeded in visualizing pharyngeal structures and pumping motions and flow in the pharynx. We found that there were phase differences in the motions among procorpus, metacorpus and isthmus. This result suggests filtering would occur at the two tips of procorpus and isthmus by the phase differences. We found that bacteria-sized particles and bacteria were flowed and trapped in the channels, which existed along the central lumen from tip of procorpus to isthmus. From our results, we proposed the novel mechanism of filtering of bacteria through the channels for flowing and trapping. In future, this selective filtering mechanism of C. elegans would be applied to development of microfluidic filtration devices for medical and biological equipment.
Geochemistry of an Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic complex in Eastern Desert, Egypt: New insights and constraints on the Neoproterozoic island arc magmatism

Mikbi intrusion (MI) is a part of the Neoproterozoic Nubian Shield located along the NE-SW trending major fracture zones prevailing southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. In this study, we present for the first time detailed mineralogical and bulk-rock geochemical data to infer some constraints on the parental magma genesis and to understand the tectonic processes contributed to MI formation. Lithologically, it is composed of fresh peridotite, clinopyroxenite, hornblendite, anorthosite, gabbronorite, pyroxene amphibole gabbro, amphibole gabbro and diorite. All rocks have low Th/La ratios (mostly <0.2) and lack positive Zr and Th anomalies excluding significant crustal contamination. They show very low concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf together with sub-chondritic ratios of Nb/Ta (2-15) and Zr/Hf (19-35), suggesting that their mantle source was depleted by earlier melting extraction event. The oxygen fugacity (logfO_2) estimated from diorite biotite is around the nickel-nickel oxide buffer (NNO) indicating crystallization from a relatively oxidized magma. Amphiboles in the studied mafic-ultramafic rocks indicate relative oxygen fugacity (i.e. ∆NNO; nickel-nickel oxide) of 0.28-3 and were in equilibrium mostly with 3.77-8.24 wt.% H_2O_(melt) (i.e. water content in the melt), consistent with the typical values of subduction-related magmas. Moreover, pressure estimates (0.53—6.79 kbar) indicate polybaric crystallization and suggest that the magma chamber(s) was located at relatively shallow crustal levels. The enrichment in LILE (e.g., Cs, Ba, K and Sr) and the depletion in HFSE (e.g., Th and Nb) relative to primitive mantle are consistent with island arc signature. The olivine, pyroxene and amphibole compositions also reflect arc affinity. These inferences suggest that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of a mantle source that formerly metasomatized in a subduction zone setting. Clinopyroxene and bulkrock data are consistent with orogenic tholeiitic affinity. Consequently, the mineral and bulk-rock chemistry strongly indicate crystallization from hydrous tholeiitic magma. Moreover, their trace element patterns are subparallel indicating that the various rock types possibly result from differentiation of the same primary magma. These petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics show that the MI is a typical Alaskan-type complex.
Geochemistry of eclogites of the Tso Morari complex, Ladakh, NW Himalayas: Insights into trace element behavior during subduction and exhumation

Whole rock major and trace element compositions of seven eclogites from the Tso Morari ultra-high pressure (UHP) complex, Ladakh were determined with the aim of constraining the protolith origins of the subducted crust. The eclogites have major element compositions corresponding to sub-alkaline basalts. Trace element characteristics of the samples show enrichment in LILE's over HFSEs (Rb, Th, K except Ba) with LREE enrichments ((La/Lu)n = 1.28-5.96). Absence of Eu anomaly on the Primitive Mantle normalized diagram suggests the absence of plagioclase fractionation. Positive correlation between Mg# with Ni and Cr suggests olivine fractionation of mantle melts. Narrow range of (La/Yb)n (2.1-9.4) and Ce/Yb (6.2-16.2) along with Ti/Y (435-735) ratios calculated for the Tso Morari samples is consistent with generation of melts by partial melting of a garnet free mantle source within the spinel peridotite field. Ternary diagrams (viz. Ti-Zr-Y and Nb-Zr-Y) using immobile and incompatible elements show that the samples range from depleted to enriched and span from within plate basalts (WPB) to enriched MORB (E-MORB) indicating that the eclogite protoliths originated from basaltic magmas. Primitive Mantle normalized multi element plots showing significant Th and LREE enrichment marked by negative Nb anomalies are characteristic of continental flood basalts. Positive Pb, negative Nb, high Th/Ta, a narrow range of Nb/La and the observed wide variation for Ti/Y indicate that the Tso Morari samples have undergone some level of crustal contamination. Observed geochemical characteristics of the Tso Morari samples indicate tholeiitic compositions originated from enriched MORB (E-MORB) type magmas which underwent a limited magmatic evolution through the process of fractional crystallization and probably more by crustal contamination. Observed geochemical similarities (viz. Zr, Nb, La/Yb, La/Gd, La/Nb, Th/Ta ratios and REE) between Tso Morari eclogites and the Group I Panjal Traps make the trap basalt the most likely protoliths for the Tso Morari eclogites.
Early Permian Sunidyouqi suprasubduction-zone ophiolites in the central Solonker suture zone (Inner Mongolia, China)

Different final closing ages have been proposed for the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), including Late Silurian, pre-Late Devonian, Early Permian, Late-Permian and Late Permian-Early Triassic. Ophiolites represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and play an important role in identifying the suture zone and unveiling the evolutionary history of fossil oceans. Our detailed geological, geochemical and geochronological investigations argue for the existence of Early Permian (297 Ma) SSZ type ophiolites in the Sunidyouqi area of central Inner Mongolia, China. The gabbros and basalts show LREE depleted REE patterns and left-leaning primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams with variable negative Nb-Ta anomalies (Nb* = 0.24-1.28 and 0.29-0.55, respectively). The Sunidyouqi ophiolites were generated in a mature back-arc basin. The Sunidyouqi ophiolites share the same petrological, geochemical and geochronological characteristics with the other ophiolites along the Solonker suture zone, delineating a Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system. This Late Paleozoic ocean and arc-trench system coincides with a Permian paleobiogeographical boundary, i.e. the boundary between the northern cold climate (Boreal faunal-Angaraland floral realm), and a southern warm climate (Tethys faunal-Cathaysian floral realm). A tectonic scenario was proposed at last for the closure of the SE PAO involving (1) Late Ordovician to Middle Permian continuous southward subduction beneath the northern margin of North China; (2) Carboniferous to Middle Permian continuous northward subduction the forming the Northern Accretionary Orogen; (3) Late Permian final closure of the SE PAO.
Large-scale,adhesive-free and omnidirectional 3D nanocone anti-reflection films for high performance photovoltaics

An effective and low-cost front-side anti-reflection (AR) technique has long been sought to enhance the performance of highly efficient photovoltaic devices due to its capability of maximizing the light absorption in photovoltaic devices.In order to achieve high throughput fabrication of nanostructured flexible and anti-reflection films,large-scale,nano-engineered wafer molds were fabricated in this work.Additionally,to gain in-depth understanding of the optical and electrical performance enhancement with AR films on polycrystalline Si solar cells,both theoretical and experimental studies were performed.Intriguingly,the nanocone structures demonstrated an efficient light trapping effect which reduced the surface reflection of a solar cell by 17.7% and therefore enhanced the overall electric output power of photovoltaic devices by 6% at normal light incidence.Notably,the output power improvement is even more significant at a larger light incident angle which is practically meaningful for daily operation of solar panels.The application of the developed AR films is not only limited to crystalline Si solar cells explored here,but also compatible with any types of photovoltaic technology for performance enhancement.
Optimization of broadband omnidirectional antireflection coatings for solar cells

Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coating is generally an effective way to improve solar cell efficiency,because the destructive interference between the reflected and incident light can maximize the light transmission into the absorption layer.In this paper,we report the incident quantum efficiency η_(in),not incident energy or power,as the evaluation function by the ant colony algorithm optimization method,which is a swarm-based optimization method.Also,SPCTRL2 is proposed to be incorporated for accurate optimization because the solar irradiance on a receiver plane is dependent on position,season,and time.Cities of Quito,Beijing and Moscow are selected for two- and three-layer antireflective coating optimization over λ = [300,1100] nm and θ = [0°,90°].The η_(in) increases by 0.26%,1.37% and 4.24% for the above 3 cities,respectively,compared with that calculated by other rigorous optimization algorithms methods,which is further verified by the effect of position and time dependent solar spectrum on the antireflective coating design.
Adaptive Resources Allocation Algorithm Based on Modified PSO for Cognitive Radio System

Radio spectrum has become a rare resource due to the rapid development of wireless communication technique. Cognitive radio is one of important techniques to deal with this radio spectrum problem. But the resource allocation in cognitive radio also has its own issues, such as the flexibility of the allocation algorithm, the performance of resource allocation, and so on. In order to increase the flexibility of the allocation algorithm for cognitive radio, more and more researches are focusing on the evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm(GA), particle swarm optimization(PSO). Evolutionary algorithm can greatly improve the flexibility of the allocation algorithm for cognitive radio system in different communication scenarios, but the performances are relatively lower than the original mathematical methods. So in this paper, we proposed an adaptive resource allocation algorithm based on modified PSO for cognitive radio system to solve these problems. Modified particle swarm optimization(Modified PSO) has both genetic algorithm(GA) and particle swarm optimization(PSO)'s updating processes which makes this modified PSO overcame PSO's own disadvantages and keep advantages. Simulation results showed our proposed algorithm has enough flexibility to meet cognitive radio systems' requirements, and also has a better performance than original PSO.
内瘘口化学烧灼加缝合术治疗梨状窝瘘疗效分析

目的探讨支撑喉镜下内瘘口化学烧灼加缝合术治疗梨状窝瘘的疗效.方法回顾性分析2012年3月至2016年12月期间山东省耳鼻喉医院收治的44例(46侧)梨状窝瘘患者的临床资料,其中男19例,女25例;年龄1 ~67岁;梨状窝瘘位于左侧37例,右侧5例,双侧2例.临床表现为反复发作的化脓性甲状腺炎和颈部脓肿:7例为外院颈部开放性瘘管切除术后复发;2例为外院内瘘口CO_2激光烧灼术后未愈;35例除经过不同次数的颈部切开引流外未行其他手术治疗.44例患者均行全麻支撑喉镜下内瘘口三氯乙酸烧灼加缝合术,其中42例患者同期行颈部切开引流,术后每日颈部换药.术后鼻饲7~ 10 d.结果44例患者中43例(97.7%)45侧(97.8%)内瘘口一期愈合;1例(2.3%)内瘘口术后未闭合,8个月后再次行烧灼加缝合术后内瘘口愈合,颈部脓肿经切开引流、换药后痊愈.所有患者术后随访12~72个月,中位随访时间26个月,内瘘口瘢痕愈合好、颈部感染无复发.结论支撑喉镜下内瘘口化学烧灼加缝合术同期行颈部切开引流,能够有效治疗梨状窝瘘.
Pyrosequencing of nirS gene revealed spatial variation of denitrifying bacterial assemblages in response to wetland desertification at Tibet plateau

Amplicon sequencing of functional genes is a powerful technique to explore the diversity and abundance of microbes involved in biogeochemical processes. One such key process, denitrification, is of particular importance because it can transform nitrate (NO_3~–) to N_2 gas that is released to the atmosphere. In nitrogen limited alpine wetlands, assessing bacterial denitrification under the stress of wetland desertification is fundamental to understand nutrients, especially nitrogen cycling in alpine wetlands, and thus imperative for the maintenance of healthy alpine wetland ecosystems. We applied amplicon sequencing of the nirS gene to analyze the response of denitrifying bacterial community to alpine wetland desertification in Zoige, China. Raw reads were processed for quality, translated with frameshift correction, and a total of 95,316 nirS gene sequences were used for rarefaction analysis, and 1011 OTUs were detected and used in downstream analysis. Compared to the pristine swamp soil, edaphic parameters including water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and potential denitrification rate were significantly decreased in the moderately degraded meadow soil and in severely degraded sandy soil. Diversity of the soil nirS-type denitrifying bacteria communities increased along the Zoige wetland desertification, and Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the dominant denitrifying bacterial species. Genus Cupriavidus (formerly Wautersia), Azoarcus, Azospira, Thiothrix, and Rhizobiales were significantly (P<0.05) depleted along the wetland desertification succession. Soil available phosphorous was the key determinant of the composition of the nirS gene containing denitrifying bacterial communities. The proportion of depleted taxa increased along the desertification of the Zoige wetland, suggesting that wetland desertification created specific physicochemical conditions that decreased the microhabitats for bacterial denitrifiers and the denitrification related genetic diversity.
Evaluation of glacial resource potential for sustaining kuhl irrigation system under changing climate in the Himalayan region

A large numbers of mountain communities in the Himalayan region depend on glacier-fed kuhl system – gravity flow irrigation, for their sustenance. The depletion and retreat of glaciers often result in disruption of melt flows to kuhl system, which ultimately impacts the agriculture as well as livelihood of the local communities. Sustainability of glacial resource was assessed for establishing kuhl irrigation system based on indices of glacier decrease by number (GDN) and glacier depletion by volume (GDV) during the 2001-2013 period. The selected factors are important in terms of understanding point source and reserve potential of glaciers for sustaining glacier-fed kuhl irrigation in this region. The sustainability of glaciers was found good (i.e. a least decrease or rather increase in glacier number and volume) in about 23.6% glaciers (ice reserves about 705.9 km~3) under >10 km~2 area class of glaciers mainly in Gilgit and Shigar river basins of the Karakoram range. In the 5–10 km~2 class of glaciers, sustainability was good in 49 glaciers (ice reserve 26.59 km~3) and under 1–5 km~2 class, in 558 glaciers (ice reserve 60.189 km~3). Overall sustainability of glaciers appears to prevail in the Karakoram basins. The lesser sustainability of glaciers in the Himalaya basins like Astore and Jhelum would apparently be compensated by monsoon and change in rainfall pattern. A regular monitoring of the glacier resource and utilizing advance water conservation techniques would help in coping with negative impacts of downwasting of glaciers and provide long-term support to kuhl irrigation system in the Himalayan region in future.
Dynamic changes in lakes in the Hoh Xil region before and after the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake

Zonag, Kusai, Hedin Noel and Yanhu Lakes are independent inland lakes in the Hoh Xil region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In September 2011, Zonag Lake burst after the water level had increased for many years. Floods flowed through Kusai and Hedin Noel Lakes into Yanhu Lake; since then, the four small endorheic catchments merged into one larger catchment. This hydrological process caused the rapid shrinkage of Zonag Lake and continuous expansion of Yanhu Lake. In this study, based on satellite images, meteorological data and field investigations, we examined the dynamic changes in the four lakes and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed that before 2011, the trends in the four lake areas were similar and displayed several stages. The change in the area of Zonag Lake corresponded well to the change in annual precipitation (AP), but the magnitude of the change was less than that of a non-glacier-fed lake. Although increased precipitation was the dominant factor that caused Zonag Lake to expand, increased glacier melting and permafrost thawing due to climate warming also had significant effects. After the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake, due to the increasing AP and accelerating glacier melting, the increases in water volume of the three lakes were absorbed by Yanhu Lake, and Yanhu Lake expanded considerably. According to the rapid growth rates in water level and lake area, Yanhu Lake is likely to burst in 1-2 years.
Spatio-temporal evolution of ecologically-sustainable land use in China's Loess Plateau and detection of its influencing factors

Ecological land (Eco-land) is a basic resource for human beings to survive, and eco-land use is a strategy, a way to manage the land resource. So, ecologically-sustainable land use is essential for human beings to survive. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of urban-rural eco-land using a new and innovative integration way based on eco-land change data in China's Loess Plateau (LP) prefecture level cities and explores factors of eco-land change. The spatial difference characteristic of eco-land among different level cities in the LP is that: small cities > big cities > middle cities. From 2009 to 2016, the eco-land in the LP from the perspective of urban-rural areas has changed significantly. Significant differences of urban-rural eco-land were identified among various urban growth types, and all the cities in the LP were further classified into four types based on eco-land change trend, with type A and B cities identified as the vital zone and major zone. Taking the eco-fragile region Loess Plateau (LP) as an example, our results demonstrated that the migrants to cities in LP could relieve ecological pressures and promote restoration of ecological vegetation. We have demonstrated that urbanization and the influence of government policy can be discerned through the quantification of the spatial-temporal change of eco-land and suggest that combining both urban and rural eco-land can support more effective land use decisions and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of urban planning, policy -making and sustainable development. What’s more, governments should strive to population mobility and restore vegetation to sustain this fragile ecological environment.
Characterization of machine tools and measurement system for micromilling

Technological progress has led to increased demand for small components with tiny features, which cannot be achieved through conventional machining. Industrial application of processes based on microcutting is limited by some issues concerning the geometrical scale. The process performance is significantly affected by millingmachine, tool holder, tool, workpiecematerialmicrostructure, workpiece fixtures, and process parameters. At present, an ultimate micromachining assessment procedure is not available. This study aims to propose and conduct an experiment on a testing procedure for micromilling. The set up to be implemented and the output to be considered are defined and described. Threemajor stages are identified: estimation of the effective bandwidth of the load cell–tool holder system, the millingmachine natural frequency measurement, and micromilling test execution. The entire procedure is performed, and its robustness is demonstrated.