mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode control of three-phase AC/DC converters using exponential rate reaching law

Sliding mode control (SMC) becomes a common tool in designing robust nonlinear control systems,due to its inherent characteristics such as insensitivity to system uncertainties and fast dynamic response.Two modes are involved in the SMC operation,namely reaching mode and sliding mode.In the reaching mode,the system state is forced to reach the sliding surface in a finite time.The major drawback of the SMC approach is the occurrence of chattering in the sliding mode,which is undesirable in most applications.Generally,the trade-off between chattering reduction and fast reaching time must be considered in the conventional SMC design.This paper proposes SMC design with a novel reaching law called the exponential rate reaching law (ERRL) to reduce chattering,and the control structure of the converter is designed based on the multiinput SMC that is applied to a three-phase AC/DC power converter.The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Stability of Land-use/Land-cover in National Nature Reserves of Jilin Province, China

National nature reserves are an important part of classification management on ecological protection in China. Taking the national nature reserves of Jilin Province as examples, this paper introduced the stability index by referring to the intensity model of landuse and land-cover change (LUCC), and analyzed the overall stability of land-use and land-cover (LULC) in the study area from the time interval level and land category level. The stability of LULC in different types of nature reserves was tracked and identified by extracting land-use change trajectory, and the land-use change trajectory was divided into three types: stable type, sub-stable type and unstable type. The impact of LUCC on regional ecosystem services was studied by using hotspot analysis and gravity center analysis. The results showed that: 1) The LULC in the study area was stable on the whole, and the proportion of stable land area reached 86.08%. The intensity of LUCC showed an increasing trend in recent 20 years, and the conversion of cultivated land and construction land was active in continuous time interval. 2) The stability of LULC in forest ecological reserves and wildlife reserves in the eastern part of Jilin Province was the highest, while that in inland wetland reserves and geological relic reserves in the central and western part of Jilin Province was lower. 3) The LUCC in national nature reserves not only changed the value of its own ecosystem service function, but also affected the ecosystem service function of the whole region. The combination of intensity analysis and land-use change trajectory was used to identify the characteristics of stability of LULC in nature reserves, which was conducive to deeply understand the process of LUCC in national nature reserves and provided reasonable suggestions for regional ecological protection.
A New Indicator for Global Food Security Assessment: Harvested Area Rather Than Cropland Area

Cropland area has long been used as a key indicator of food security. However, grain yield is not solely controlled by the area of the cropland. Therefore, we proposed a new indicator to assess food security. Results show that from 1992 to 2004, the global cropland area increased by 840 200 km~2 (99.4%), but the grain yield increased only by 310 million t (29.1%); and from 2004 to 2015, the cropland area decreased by 39 000 km~2 (4.64%), but the grain yield increased by 370 million t (70.84%). This result showed that grain yield was not linearly correlated with cropland area, and delimiting the threshold of cropland protection may not guarantee food security. Combined with further correlation analysis, we found that the increase in the global grain yield was more closely related to the harvested area (R~2 = 0.94), which indicated that the harvested area is a more scientific and accurate indicator than cropland area in terms of guaranteeing food security. Therefore, if governments want to ensure the food security, they should choose a new and more accurate indicator: harvested area rather than cropland area.
Comparative study of metal oxides and phosphate modification with different mechanisms over g-C_3N_4 for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of metribuzin

In this work, a comparative study of three frequently employed modification techniques to g-C_3N_4 (CN) nanosheets for the photocatalytic degradation of metribuzin (MET) under visible-light irradiation has been carried out in detail. The modification methods were coupling TiO_2 nanoparticles (TO) as electron acceptors, nano-sized Fe_2O_3 (FO) to construct a Z-scheme nanocomposite, and phosphate (HP) modification to promote O_2 adsorption. The steady-state and transient-state surface photovoltage spectra and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirmed that all the three modification techniques enhanced the charge separation with prolonged lifetimes and presented degradation activities in the order of TO/CN[FO/CN>HP/CN. The TO/CN nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MET degradation, with a sixfold higher rate than bulk CN. Liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry and radical trapping experiments indicated that the increased activity was related to the synergetic effect of two radicals (·O_2~- and ·OH) involved in the photocatalytic degradation pathway, which was different from the ·OH radical-dominated pathway of bulk CN. This work reveals the importance of charge separation and the influence of the radical pathway and provides guidance for the design of high-efficiency photocatalysts.
High-performance Cu_(0.95)V_2O_5 nanoflowers as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Exploring high-performance cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) is still one of the critical issues. Copper vanadate compound has become a potential cathode material for ZIBs with a novel displacement reaction mechanism of reversible reduction/oxidation of Cu~(2+)/Cu0. Herein, we reported Cu_(0.95)V_2O_5 nanoflowers prepared using a hydrothermal synthesis method as a capable cathode material for ZIBs. The Cu_(0.95)V_2O_5 nanoflowers exhibit high specific capacity of 405 mAh·g~(-1) at the current density of 100 mA·g~(-1), benefiting from the displacement reaction mechanism and phase transformation mechanism from Cu_(0.95)V_2O_5 to the open and stable architecture Cu_(0.4)V_2O_5 and Zn_3(OH)_2V_2O_7·2H_2O phase. The cathode exhibits excellent rate performance with a high capacity of ~ 200 mAh·g~(-1) at 5 A·g~(-1) and outstanding cycle stability with a capacity retention of 92% after 1000 cycles. It is anticipated that the novel Cu_(0.95)V_2O_5 nanoflowers are promising cathode material in the application for zinc ion batteries.
Novel theranostic nanoagent based on CuMo_2S_3-PEG-Gd for MRI-guided photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic therapy

Cancer is a severe disease, which have troubled human being for a long time. The development of nanotechnology has provided a new way for cancer treatment. It is a promising strategy to integrate imaging and therapeutic functions into one single nanoplatform to achieve efficient combination of diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we exploited novel CuMo_2S_3-PEG-Gd nanocomposites (NCs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), guiding the photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/ chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The experimental results showed that CuMo_2S_3-PEG-Gd NCs have a high photothermal conversion efficiency (40.6%), excellent biocompatibility and good biosecurity. The CuMo_2S_3-PEGGd NCs exhibited a clear MRI performance for tumor due to connecting Gd, which can guide in vivo therapy to improve the therapeutic effect. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo therapeutic results of CuMo_2S_3-PEG-Gd NCs exhibited that the PTT/PDT/CDT achieved a remarkably synergistic effect, which could efficiently inhibit the tumor growth. Thus, CuMo_2S_3-PEG-Gd NCs, which integrated imaging with multiple therapies, have a good potential as theranostic agent for tumor.
Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Two New Coordination Compounds Based on a Fluorene Derivative Ligand

Two new coordination compounds [Co(FDC)_2(H_2O)_2]_n (1) and [Cu(FDC)_2(2,2'-bpy)]·DMF·H_2O (2) (HFDC = 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) were prepared by the reactions of corresponding metal salts with a fluorene derivative ligand of HFDC. Both compounds were thoroughly analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra, PXRD and thermal analysis. Compound 1 features a 1D structure. Via two kinds of O–H···O hydrogen bonds, such 1D chains self-assemble into a 3D supramolecular structure stabilized by the offset face-to-face π···π interactions. Compound 2 features a dinuclear structure which, via O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds, self-assembles into a 2D supramolecular layer strengthened by strong face-to-face π···π interactions. And variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 2 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the Co(II) and Cu(II) metal ions.
Isogenic human pluripotent stem cell disease models reveal ABRA deficiency underlies cTnT mutation-induced familial dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common form of inherited cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, single mutations in various genes encoding sarcomeric, cytoskeletal, and channel proteins etc. have been found to be associated with DCM (Hershberger et al., 2013; McNally and Mestroni, 2017). However, the mechanisms how single mutations in sarcomeric or structural genes lead to the disease remain elusive. An interesting phenomenon often seen in familial cardiomyopathy is that different single mutations on the same gene can cause either DCM or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (Kathiresan and Srivastava, 2012), which exhibit almost opposite disease phenotypes. DCM is characterized by thinned myocardium and septum, ventricular chamber dilation, and systolic dysfunction (Jefferies and Towbin, 2010; McNally and Mestroni, 2017), while HCM exhibits thickened myocardium and septum, reduced ventricular chamber, and diastolic dysfunction (Richard et al., 2003). At the cellular level, HCM cardiomyocytes exhibit concentric hypertrophy characterized by assembly of myofilaments in parallel and widening of the myocytes. In contrast, DCM cardiomyocytes show eccentric hypertrophy, with assembly of the myofilaments in series and myocyte elongation (Kehat and Molkentin, 2010).
Genomic instability as a major mechanism for acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer

The mutation-mediated overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase(EGFR TK)and its activation play an important role in the cellular proliferation and epithelial tumorigenesis. A series of inhibitors targeting the intracellular tyrosine kinase(TK)domain of EGFR have been developed and applied to clinical practice. Although these inhibitors safely and effectively restrain tumor cell proliferation and prolong survival in some patients, acquired resistance ultimately arises. DNA mutations contribute to druginduced cancer-cell resistance. Genomic instability, especially DNA replication and repair error, provides the major source for DNA mutations. Identifying the central mechanisms underlying the generation and selection of resistance mutations may provide critical opportunities for novel regimens in combating drug resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)in non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC)treatment and their challenges. We also discuss the major source of genomic instability in TKI resistance and hypothesize that the maintenance of DNA replication and repair machinery might be used to develop novel treatment regimens for patients with NSCLC.
Dynamic evolution trend of comprehensive transportation green efficiency in China:From a spatio-temporal interaction perspective

It is urgent and important to explore the dynamic evolution in comprehensive transportation green efficiency (CTGE) in the context of green development.We constructed a social development index that reflects the social benefits of transportation services,and incorporated it into the comprehensive transportation efficiency evaluation framework as an expected output.Based on the panel data of 30 regions in China from 2003-2018,the CTGE in China was measured using the slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model.Further,the dynamic evolution trends of CTGE were determined using the spatial Markov model and exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis (ESTDA) technique from a spatio-temporal perspective.The results showed that the CTGE shows a U-shaped change trend but with an overall low level and significant regional differences.The state transition of CTGE has a strong spatial dependence,and there exists the phenomenon of "club convergence".Neighbourhood background has a significant impact on the CTGE transition types,and the spatial spillover effect is pronounced.The CTGE has an obvious positive correlation and spatial agglomeration characteristics.The geometric characteristics of the LISA time path show that the evolution process of local spatial structure and local spatial dependence of China's CTGE is stable,but the integration of spatial evolution is weak.The spatio-temporal transition results of LISA indicate that the CTGE has obvious transfer inertness and has certain path-dependence and spatial locking characteristics,which will become the major difficulty in improving the CTGE.
灵宝竹林寺壁画受损数据集及其在修复中应用研究

2020年5月,作者对灵宝竹林寺壁画的保存情况与病害进行了详细调查。运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)对颜料检测分析,并针对不同的病害进行了现场保护修复实验,得到三门峡灵宝竹林寺壁画调查数据集。该数据集包括:(1)壁画调查照片和壁画位置CAD图;(2)壁画调查照片信息表;(3)壁画病害面积统计表;(4)颜料检测结果。本文同时分析了灵宝竹林寺壁画的保存情况,分析了病害调查结果和颜料检测结果,总结了环境对壁画的影响,并针对不同的病害进行了现场保护修复实验。数据集存储为.jpg、.dwg、.pdf、.xls格式,由39个数据文件组成,数据量为232 MB(压缩为1个文件231 MB)。
子宫颈锥切术后子宫切除术时机选择的研究进展

宫颈锥形切除术是宫颈上皮内病变诊断和治疗的重要方法,已广泛应用于临床,而部分患者锥切术后因特殊原因如宫颈浸润癌等需进一步切除子宫。研究显示,宫颈锥切术后可导致残留宫颈组织在短时间内出现炎症病变,从而导致周围组织粘连,进而增加后续子宫切除手术的操作难度及术后并发症,然而时间间隔过长可能病变进一步发展。关于子宫切除手术时机的选择,目前仍存在争议,本文就宫颈锥形切除术后行子宫切除术的时机作一综述。
高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫腺肌病后早期子宫浆肌层损伤的MRI评价及影响因素分析

目的研究高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫腺肌病术后子宫浆肌层损伤的早期磁共振成像(MRI)影像学特征并分析影响因素。方法回顾性分析采用高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫腺肌病的患者105例,通过术后磁共振影像评价,将其分为无损伤组(83例)及损伤组(22例),通过单因素及logistic回归分析影响因素。结果高强度聚集超声消融治疗后子宫腺肌病病灶所在肌壁的浆肌层有损伤时,表现为MRI强化时出现局部缺损。经单因素分析,年龄、病灶类型及消融率比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。经多因素回归分析,年龄及消融率是高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫腺肌病术后子宫浆肌层损伤的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论子宫腺肌病超声消融治疗后早期会出现MRI可见的子宫浆肌层损伤,且损伤的发生受年龄及消融率两个因素的影响。
Dietary free fatty acids complex with amylose creating another form of resistant starch:Gastrointestinal formation with fowl and swine

Fat added to poultry and swine feeds often contains abundant free fatty acids (FFA) that can impair digestible energy (DE).Placement of the fatty acid (FA) hydrocarbon chain in the helix core reformed from amylose creates a complex of both nutrients.Resulting modifications create a new structure termed the V-helix that becomes resistant to α-amylase.Granules in grain naturally contain minimal amounts of these complexes with more being generated during food manufacturing when moisture and heat release amylose in the presence of FFA.A paucity of FFA usually exists in complete feeds without sources of poorquality fat.Animal fats and by-product meals from rendering are prominent in their saturated FFA content which favorably complex within the helix.V-helix-FA complexes may arise during their concurrent encounter of FFA together with amylose during feed manufacture,particularly pelleting.FFA in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are speculated to further form complexes when present together with amylose.Although amylose may be dissolved in the gastric and small intestinal milieu,FFA separately coalesce into hydrophobic fat droplets along with other dietary lipids.Formation of complexes is likely restricted until FFA are released into the aqueous phase during fat digestion.Although α-amylase may be prominent,V-helix-FA complexes being resistant to enzymic attack pass into the large intestine.Subsequent microbial catabolism of V-helices may generate volatile fatty acids that are absorbed by the mucosa;however,an inability to use FFA once released leads to their excretion and basis for decreased DE.Immature microbial populations with young animals usually lack the capacity to fully catabolize the V-helix,further extending the loss in DE.
Assessing the microstructure and in vitro degradation behavior of Mg-xGd screw implants using μCT

Biodegradable implants are taking an increasingly important role in the area of orthopedic implants with the aim to replace permanent implants for temporary bone healing applications.During the implant preparation process,the material's surface and microstructure are being changed by stresses induced by machining.Hence degradable metal implants need to be fully characterized in terms of the influence of machining on the resulting microstructure and corrosion performance.In this study,micro-computed tomography (μCT) is used for the quantification of the degradation rate of biodegradable implants.To our best knowledge,for the first time quantitative measures are introduced to describe the degradation homogeneity in 3D.This information enables a prediction in terms of implant stability during the degradation in the body.Two magnesium gadolinium alloys,Mg-5Gd and Mg-10Gd (all alloy compositions are given in weight% unless otherwise stated),in the shape of M2 headless screws have been investigated for their microstructure and their degradation performance up to 56 days.During the microstructure investigations particular attention was paid to the localized deformation of the alloys,due to the machining process.In vitro immersion testing was performed to assess the degradation performance quantified by subsequent weight loss and volume loss (using μCT) measurements.Although differences were observed in the degree of screw's near surface microstructure being influenced from machining,the degradation rates of both materials appeared to be suitable for application in orthopedic implants.From the degradation homogeneity point of view no obvious contrast was detected between both alloys.However,the higher degradation depth ratios between the crests and roots of Mg-5Gd ratios may indicated a less homogeneous degradation of the screws of these alloys on contract to the ones made of Mg-10Gd alloys.Due to its lower degradation rates,its more homogeneous microstructure,its weaker texture and better degradation performance extruded Mg-10Gd emerged more suitable as implant material than Mg-5Gd.
An ultrafast-response and flexible humidity sensor for human respiration monitoring and noncontact safety warning

The humidity sensor is an essential sensing node in medical diagnosis and industrial processing control. To date, most of the reported relative humidity sensors have a long response time of several seconds or even hundreds of seconds, which would limit their real application for certain critical areas with fast-varying signals. In this paper, we propose a flexible and low-cost humidity sensor using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) as electrodes, a PDMS-Parylene C double layer as the flexible substrate, and graphene oxide as the sensing material. The humidity sensor has an ultrafast response of ~20 ms, which is more than two orders faster than most of the previously reported flexible humidity sensors. Moreover, the sensor has a high sensitivity (16.7 pF/% RH), low hysteresis (<0.44%), high repeatability (2.7%), good long-term stability, and outstanding flexibility. Benefiting from these advantages, especially the fast response, the device has been demonstrated in precise human respiration monitoring (fast breathing, normal breathing, deep breathing, asthma, choking, and apnea), noncontact electrical safety warning for bare hand and wet gloves, and noncontact pipe leakage detection. In addition, the facile fabrication of the flexible platform with the PDMS-Parylene C double layer can be easily integrated with multisensing functions such as pH sensing, ammonium ion sensing, and temperature sensing, all of which are useful for more pattern recognition of human activity.
Python Supervised Co-simulation for a Day-long Harmonic Evaluation of EV Charging

To accurately simulate electric vehicle DC fast chargers'(DCFCs')harmonic emission, a small time step, i.e., typically smaller than 10 μs, is required owing to switching dynamics. However, in practice, harmonics should be continuously assessed with a long duration, e.g., a day. A trade-off between accuracy and time efficiency thus exists. To address this issue, a multi-time scale modeling framework of fast-charging stations(FCSs)is proposed. In the presented framework, the DCFCs' input impedance and harmonic current emission in the ideal grid condition, that is, zero grid impedance and no background harmonic voltage, are obtained based on a converter switching model with a small timescale simulation. Since a DCFC's input impedance and harmonic current source are functions of the DCFC's load, the input impedance and harmonic emission at different loads are obtained. Thereafter, they are used in the fast-charging charging station modeling, where the DCFCs are simplified as Norton equivalent circuits. In the station level simulation, a large time step, i.e., one minute, is used because the DCFCs' operating power can be assumed as a constant over a minute. With this co-simulation, the FCSs' long-term power quality performance can be assessed time-efficiently, without losing much accuracy.
Integrated Railway Smart Grid Architecture Based on Energy Routers

Railway power system is an inseparable part of the power system, therefore, the intelligent architecture of the railway power system should also be focused on. The unique power supply characteristics of the railway power system are analyzed and integrated railway smart grid architecture based on energy routers is proposed. Importantly, three corresponding resilient mode control methods are suggested for the proposed architecture. In the fourth section, a simulation model corresponding to the resilient control mode is built and the simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed control mode. Equally, for the novel network-connected backbone router(NCBR), a 1 000 kVA, 27.5/10 kV NCBR engineering prototype is used to prove its effectiveness in practical applications. Finally, a differentiation analysis is given, followed by conclusions regarding the traditional power system and proposed system.
Single-phase Grid-connected PV System with Golden Section Search-based MPPT Algorithm

Maximum power point tracking(MPPT)is a technique employed for with variable-power sources, such as solar, wind, and ocean, to maximize energy extraction under all conditions. The commonly used perturb and observe(P&O)and incremental conductance(INC)methods have advantages such as ease of implementation, but they also have the challenge of selecting the most optimized perturbation step or increment size while considering the trade-off between convergence time and oscillation. To address these issues, an MPPT solution for grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)systems is proposed that combines the golden section search(GSS), P&O, and INC methods to simultaneously achieve faster convergence and smaller oscillation, converging to the MPP by repeatedly narrowing the width of the interval at the rate of the golden ratio. The proposed MPPT technique was applied to a PV system consisting of a PV array, boost chopper, and inverter. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MPPT technique, by which the system is able to locate the MPP in 36 ms and regain a drifting MPP in approximately 30 ms under transient performance. The overall MPPT efficiency is 98.99%.