mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Palygorskite in Central Iranian Soils Developed on Tertiary Sediments

Limited information is available on the distribution and origin of palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments as the major soil parent materials in central Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and origin of palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments, and to identify the major soil properties that influence palygorskite distribution in the soils studied. Sixteen soil profiles developed on Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Oligocene-Miocene, Miocene and Pliocene sediments were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical characteristics of the soils and sediments including particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, gypsum, carbonates, and soluble Si, Ca and Mg were determined. The principal component analysis was used to establish the relationships between palygorskite and the physicochemical characteristics of the soils studied. Results showed that clay fraction of all the soils in the study area was dominated by palygorskite. The highest amount of palygorskite was found in horizons where simultaneous accumulation of both carbonates and gypsum occurred. Limited amount of palygorskite was found in salic and calcic horizons. Palygorskite seemed to be of eolian origin in the surface horizon of all the soils. Using principal component analysis, the soluble Mg/Ca ratio, pH, soluble Si and gypsum contents were identified as the most important factors affecting the distribution and genesis of palygorskite in the soils studied. Results might suggest the neoformation of palygorskite by precipitation from solutions in which evaporation fluxes were very high. However, palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments in central Iran seems to be of both inherited and pedogenic origins.
Response of Soil Microbial Community to a High Dose of Fresh Olive Mill Wastewater

An incubation experiment was designed in order to determine the further microbiological response to an addition (500 m~3 ha~(-1)) of fresh olive mill wastewater (FOMWW) in a soil that has been frequently amended with uncontrolled doses of OMWW since the 1990s in an active disposal site (ADS soil). To achieve this aim, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, microbial biomass C C_(mic), and dehydrogenase (DHA) and urease activities (URA) were monitored at the beginning (T0), 3 h (T1) and 97 d (Tf, i.e., the end) of incubation after FOMWW addition. After the FOMWW addition, an increase in the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs was observed in ADS soil. Moreover, a relative increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with respect to saturated fatty acids (SATFA) was found in the ADS soil. An increase of the Gram-positive to Gram-negative ratio was observed in this soil at the end of the incubation. While DHA and C_(mic) increased in the ADS soil after FOMWW addition, URA showed a decrease. Fungi and Gram-positive bacterial biomass experienced an increase after addition of a high dose of FOMWW in laboratory conditions.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Soybean near the Dabaoshan Mine, South China

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown near the Dabaoshan Mine were investigated, and their potential risk to the health of inhabitants was estimated. In the Fandong (FD) and Zhongxin (ZX) villages, which are near the Dabaoshan mineral deposit, concentrations of Pb (0.34 mg kg ~(-1) for FD), Cd (0.23 mg kg~(-1) for ZX) and Cr (1.14 and 1.75 mg kg~(-1) for FD and ZX, respectively) in the seeds of soybean exceeded the tolerance limit set by Chinese standards. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) from consumption of soybean seeds for FD inhabitants were 0.570, 0.170, 38.550, 142.400, 1.910 and 14.530 μg d~(-1) kg~(-1) boby weight for Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni, respectively. Our results indicate that soybeans grown in the vicinity of the Dabaoshan Mine accumulate some metals, and the seeds pose a potential health risk to the local inhabitants.
大鼠胰岛干细胞的体外分离培养分化鉴定

在研究治疗糖尿病的历程中,胰腺移植、胰岛移植、胰岛干细胞移植都曾作为胰岛素注射的替代疗法而被世界众多科研人员尝试,并且在动物和人体实验中取得了一些成果。采用胰岛干细胞治疗糖尿病是当今的研究课题之一,胰岛干细胞是指未达终末分化状态,具有自我更新复制能力,能分化增殖为胰岛组织的细胞。胰岛干细胞移植的研究一旦成功,就可为糖尿病治疗提供充足的细胞供体。本实验旨在验证胰岛干细胞培养分化鉴定方面的方法技术。
罗汉果微茎尖组织培养与快速繁殖

剥取罗汉果微茎尖进行培养,探讨不同激素配比条件下罗汉果快速繁殖体系的建立。结果表明:罗汉果茎尖最佳诱导培养基为MS+6一BA1.0mg/L-+NAA0.05mg/L+GA_3 0.1mg/L,增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+GA_3 0.1mg/L.生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA1.0mg/L+0.1%活性炭,生根率为100%,移栽成活率可达93.33%。
18个杂交水稻新组合在东帝汶的试种评价

引进18个杂交水稻组合在东帝汶试种。对各组合主要农艺性状的观察和主要经济性状的考种结果表明,大部分组合在东帝汶表现生育期适宜、产量高、米质较好,但与对照相比抗性欠佳。
几种薏苡种质材料萌芽期的抗旱性能初步研究

采用高渗透性能的PEG-6000作为水分胁迫剂,研究不同PEG浓度对多种薏苡萌发的影响。结果表明:8%PEG胁迫下降低各薏苡品种的发芽率,其中YY-01、YY-D4、YY-03、YY-02降幅较大,分别为74%、63%、58%、52%。不同薏苡品种在抗旱性上存在明显差异,萌发抗旱指数高的品种在水分胁迫下仍保持着较高的根长胁迫指数、发芽势和发芽率,说明根长胁迫指数、发芽势和发芽率与萌发抗旱指数存在显著的相关性,r分别为0.99、0.99和0.97。通过对上述指标的测定分析,可以更好地了解薏苡品种萌芽期的抗旱性。
十字花科植物化学成分的研究进展

十字花科植物因兼具高营养性和药用性,近年来对其的研究逐渐深入。目前,对十字花科植物的研究范围主要集中在其具有抗氧化性的植物化学成分、影响十字花科植物抗氧化能力高低的因素、十字花科植物化学成分的其他功能性研究上,且获得了很大的进展。本文总结这3方面的研究进展,为生产利用十字花科植物提供方向。
支气管哮喘患者血清白细胞介素-37水平的变化

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是由嗜酸粒细胞等多种炎症细胞和炎性介质及细胞组分参与的一种气道慢性炎症疾病,以多种炎症基因表达增加或异常表达为特征。随着免疫学和分子生物学的快速发展,越来越多的理论表明,细胞因子的网络失衡在哮喘的发病中起到重要的作用。IL-37是2000年发现的IL-1家族的新成员,其在许多疾病中起到保护性作用,有别于大多数IL家族成员的促炎作用,IL-37作为一种抗炎症细胞因子逐渐受到重视。IL-37在巨噬细胞或上皮细胞内表达,可以有效抑制TLR诱导的促炎症因子释放以及树突状细胞的活性。内源性IL-37的表达减少,可以导致促炎症因子的大量增加。本文通过观察IL-37在哮喘急性发作期患者外周血清中的水平变化,初步评价IL-37在哮喘急性发作期中的作用。
岩盐气溶胶疗法治疗支气管哮喘患者的临床疗效及机制研究

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种常见的呼吸系统免疫性疾病。研究结果表明,岩盐气溶胶疗法单独或联合用于成人及儿童哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病及过敏性鼻炎等疾病有一定疗效,但是尚无岩盐气溶胶疗法对哮喘患者治疗有效性的免疫机制研究。本研究通过对比3种治疗方法对不同阶段哮喘患者血清IL-4、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及免疫球蛋白(IgE)的变化,探讨岩盐气溶胶疗法对哮喘患者的疗效及相关免疫学指标的影响。
支气管哮喘变应原特异性免疫治疗研究进展

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是多基因参与的具有遗传易感性的慢性气道变应性疾病,其发病涉及多种炎症细胞、炎性介质和复杂的细胞因子网络。过敏性哮喘是以血清变应原特异性IgE增高、肺组织嗜酸粒细胞浸润和气道高反应性为显著病理生理学特征的气道炎症性疾病。变应原(也称过敏原)是指能够诱导机体产生IgE抗体,并引起变态反应(过敏症)的抗原。哮喘的最佳管理策略包括正确的病因诊断、完善的治疗和患者教育与管理方案。哮喘的首要措施是避免接触变应原和恰当的药物治疗。当患者症状未达到理想控制时,可考虑变应原特异性免疫治疗(allergen-specific immunotherapy,ASIT),这是迄今唯一针对病因治疗哮喘和变应性鼻炎的有效疗法。ASIT以变应原为靶标,通过免疫调节机制而改变哮喘的自然进程。目前临床常用的ASIT有两种,包括皮下特异性免疫疗法(subcutaneous immunotherapy,SCIT)和舌下特异性免疫疗法(sublingual immunotherapy,SLIT)。通过皮下注射或舌下含服变应原制剂,使患者对该变应原的耐受性逐渐增强,旨在减轻或消除哮喘症状。此外,ASIT在停止治疗后还能保持远期疗效及预防新的变应原发生交叉反应,并能阻止变应性鼻炎发展为哮喘。本文将对ASIT制剂及其治疗哮喘的机制、应用现状、安全性和新方法的研究进展综述如下。
Evaluation of remediation process with soapberry derived saponin for removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils in Hai-Pu, Taiwan

The use of a biodegradable natural plant-based surfactant extracted from soapberry is proposed for the remediation of Ni,Cr and Mn from industrial soil site in Hai-Pu,Taiwan.Batch experiments were performed under variation of fundamental factors(saponin concentration,pH,and incubation time) for metal remediation.Removal of Ni and Mn were increased with increasing saponin concentration(0.015-0.150 g/L),whereas the removal of Cr was increased upto 0.075 g/L saponin.The Ni,Cr and Mn were removed significantly(p ≤ 0.05) at near to the neutral and slightly acidic(pH 5 to 8) conditions.Removal efficiency of Ni(99%) from the soil was found to be greater than that of Cr(73%) or Mn(25%) in the presence of saponin at a concentration of 0.150 g/L at pH 5.The removal percentage increased with incubation time where the removal of Ni was faster than that of Cr and Mn.The result indicates the feasibility of eco-friendly removal of heavy metal(Ni,Cr and Mn) from industrial soil by soil washing process in presence of plant derived saponin.
Phosphorus speciation in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, southwestern China: Fractionation and ~(31)P NMR

The distribution characteristics of phosphorus(P) forms in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai,in southwestern China has been investigated by sequential extraction and ~(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR) of NaOH extracts to understand P dynamics and its potential contribution to lake eutrophication.Contents of P fractions varied in the order of NH4Cl extracted P(NH4ClP) < bicarbonate-dithionite extracted P(BD-P) < HCl-P,Residual-P < NaOH extracted P(NaOH-P).The highly available NH4Cl-P represented less than 1% of total P(TP).BD-P and NaOH extracted reactive P(NaOH-rP) averaged 39%,while the ratio of Fe/P was higher than 15,indicating low P release from the sediments under permanent oxic condition.The less bio-available HCl-P,NaOH extracted nonreactive P(NaOH-nrP) and residual-P contributed 61% of TP.Regression analysis revealed that BD-P,NaOH-rP and HCl-P were positively correlated with the contents of Fe and Mn,Al and Fe,and Ca,respectively.The investigation of P compound groups in NaOH extracts by ~(31)P NMR showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the largest two constituents of the P pool,followed by diester-P,phosphonate and pyro-P.A comparison of vertical variations of P groups in the sediment profile suggested that these compounds were involved in the P recycling to different extents in Lake Erhai.In particular,the lake exhibits high potential for labile P release from the surface sediments,which should be taken into consideration even after the outsourced P runoff ceased.
Sensitive voltammetric and amperometric responses of respiratory toxins at hemin-adsorbed carbon-felt

A hemin [iron-Fe(Ⅲ) protoporphyrin IX chloride] was adsorbed onto a carbon-felt(CF),which is a microelectrode ensemble of micro carbon fiber(ca.7 μm diameter).The resulting hemin-adsorbed-CF(hemin-CF) showed a well-defined redox wave based on the heminFe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) redox process with the formal potential of-0.225 V vs.Ag/AgCl in deoxygenated phosphate/citrate buffer solution(0.1 mol/L,pH 5.0).The apparent heterogenous electron transfer rate constant was estimated to be 8.6 sec~(-1).In air-saturated electrolyte solution,the hemin-CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of dioxygen(O)2).This activity was reversibly inhibited by respiratory toxins such as cyanide and azide,which bind sixth coordination position of iron active center of hemin.The electrocatalytic O_2 reduction current at the hemin-CF was modulated by the toxins in a concentration-depending manner.Based on the relationship between the %inhibition and the toxin concentration,apparent inhibition constants of cyanide and azide were evaluated to be 4.52 and 1.98 μmol/L,respectively.When the hemin-CF was used as a working electrode unit of the CF-based electrochemical flow-through detector with air-saturated carrier,the injection of the azide induced peak-shape current responses,which allowed rapid and continuous flow-amperometric determination of azide with high sensitivity.
Efficient visible light photo-Fenton-like degradation of organic pollutants using in situ surface-modified BiFeO_3 as a catalyst

The visible light photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance of BiFeO_3 nanoparticles was investigated using Methyl Violet(MV),Rhodamine B(RhB) and phenol as probes.Under optimum conditions,the pseudo first-order rate constant(k) was determined to be 2.21 × 10~(-2),5.56 × 10~(-2) and 2.01 × 10~(-2) min 1 for the degradation of MV(30 μmol/L),RhB(10 μmol/L) and phenol(3 mmol/L),respectively,in the BiFeO_3-H_2O_2-visible light(Vis) system.The introduction of visible light irradiation increased the k values of MV,RhB and phenol degradation 3.47,1.95 and 2.07 times in comparison with those in dark.Generally,the k values in the BiFeO_3H_2O_2-Vis system were accelerated by increasing BiFeO_3 load and H_2O_2 concentration,but decreased with increasing initial pollutant concentration.To further enhance the degradation of pollutants at high concentrations,BiFeO_3 was modified with the addition of surface modifiers.The addition of ethylenediamineteraacetic acid(EDTA,0.4 mmol/L) increased the k value of MV degradation(60 μmol/L) from 1.01 × 10~(-2) min~(-1) in the BiFeO _3-H_2O_2-Vis system to 1.30 min~(-1) in the EDTA-BiFeO_3-H_2O_2-Vis system by a factor of 128.This suggests that in situ surface modification can enable BiFeO_3 nano-particles to be a promising visible light photo-Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Effects of environmental factors on sulfamethoxazole photodegradation under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics and mechanism

To advance the knowledge of the environmental fate of sulfamethoxazole(SMX),we systematically investigated the effects of natural water constituents and synthetic substances(i.e.,TiO_2 nanoparticles(nTiO_2) and Ti-doped β-Bi_2O_3(NTB)) on the photodegradation kinetics of SMX under xenon lamp irradiation.The photolysis of SMX in aqueous solution followed first-order kinetics.Our results showed that higher concentrations of SMX,fulvic acid,suspended sediments,NTB and higher pH value decreased the photodegradation rates of SMX,whereas H_2O_2 improved the SMX photodegradation.TiO_2 nanoparticles had a dual effect on photodegradation due to their photocatalytic activity and photoabsorption of photons.No intermediates more toxic toward Vibrio fischeri than SMX were produced after direct photolysis and photocatalytic degradation for 3 hr.The photolysis of SMX involved three pathways:hydroxylation,cleavage of the sulfonamide bond,and fragmentation of the isoxazole ring.This study lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the environmental fate of SMX.
雄心勃勃的10年"脑计划"

科学家普遍认为,相比"人类基因组计划",测绘人类大脑活动图谱是一项更艰巨的任务,而"脑计划"也相应引起了巨大争议,支持者们相信,这将是人类科技史又一座里程碑;反对者则悲观地表示,也许这只是一个不切实际的空中楼阁,甚至有些激进的科学家根本不同意这种政府投资的"大科学"计划,他们认为科学的进步是无数如鹅卵石般的小研究和发现铸就而成的,这种集中火力攻击一点反而会影响科学的多样性和丰富性。但不管如何,神经科学已经到了破旧革新的阶段, 10年"脑计划"无疑会刺激新工具的研发和促进跨学科的科学家通力协作,而其最后的效果究竟如何,让我们拭目以待。
反应性穿通性胶原病

本病目前无特效治疗方法,多积极治疗原发病,消除诱因。报道有效的治疗方法包括系统或局部应用糖皮质激素、维A 酸、抗生素(四环素类、利福平)和外用角质剥脱剂。此外,窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)亦有治疗成功的报道。给予本例患者西替利嗪10 mg/d,赛庚啶2 mg每日2次口服,外用0.1%糠酸莫米松霜,治疗10 d后瘙痒减轻,结痂脱落且丘疹变平。
无界含水层抽水井可否使用"影响半径"稳定井流公式--对朱大同教授"讨论"的回复

朱大同教授发表"关于Dupuit公式和Forchheimer公式的讨论"(下文简称"讨论")一文,使笔者能有多一个方面的思考。下面基本按"讨论"一文的顺序表明笔者的意见。
视网膜内界膜移植治疗复发性黄斑大裂孔一例

讨论自Kelly和Wendel于1991年首次报道以来, 玻璃体切除术已广泛应用于黄斑裂孔的治疗,目前裂孔愈合率可达90%以上。黄斑裂孔直径是影响手术效果的重要因素,最小直径在500 μm以上的裂孔,愈合率明显下降,甚至在50%以下,而且最终视力多在0.2以下。对于直径大、ILM剥离术后仍未愈合的黄斑裂孔,如何进一步治疗是一个值得探讨的问题。文献报道比较多的方法包括术后再次气液交换、黄斑裂孔周围激光光凝、ICG辅助扩大ILM剥离、再次手术填充硅油,以及再次填充惰性气体并延长术后头低位时间等。
MCL30铒点阵激光治疗面部痤疮瘢痕的疗效观察

我科2010年1月至2011年12月,采用德国阿司克莱激光公司的铒点阵激光MCL30治疗痤疮瘢痕65例,取得满意疗效,现对临床治疗经验总结如下.
加强协作,更新观念,促进神经外科重症患者的规范化管理——记《神经外科重症管理专家共识(2013版)》的发布

随着现代科学技术的发展,人们对疾病的认识有了长足进步,诊断及治疗水平有了明显提高。在神经外科领域,手术显微镜、神经内镜、神经导航、电生理监测以及术中CT、MRI等多项设备和技术的广泛应用,为神经外科发展提供了广阔空间,明显提高了手术疗效。但不容回避的一个问题是,当人们越来越关注手术技术和技巧的同时,却轻视了神经外科重症患者的管理,神经外科每天都要处理的重型颅脑及脊髓损伤、出血性脑血管病、严重的中枢神经系统感染以及神经外科围手术期重症患者如果不能规范治疗将会直接影响患者的预后,严重制约神经外科的发展。
浙江省长兴县一例人感染H7N9禽流感病例溯源调查

人感染禽流感病毒常见的途径是直接接触病死禽和禽污染的环境。本例患者在发病前4d接触过自家病死鸡,自接触死禽至发病的时间恰好为人感染禽流感一般的潜伏期内(7d),采用RT-PCR检测患者及其同批次鸡粪样本均检出H7N9禽流感病毒核酸,证实患者接触的病死鸡为可疑暴露危险,感染来源为自家病死鸡的可能性极大。其他环境样本检测均为阴性,提示传染源并未扩散。病鸡来源所在农贸市场鸡摊样品检测阴性也可能与该市场自4月5日起停止活禽销售,且按照规范要求对市场环境进行彻底清理与消毒有关。所有密切接触者、活禽交易从业人员医学观察均未出现流感样症状,且咽拭子标本检测阴性,提示禽流感病毒感染力有限,尚未出现人间传播,与既往发现的其他亚型禽流感病毒相似。
锁定钢板对矫正桡骨远端陈旧性骨折的疗效观察

桡骨远端骨折是临床上常见的骨折之一。对于新鲜的桡骨远端骨折,早期通过针对性治疗方式,绝大多数患者可获得满意的效果。但因为采用保守治疗或手术方式选择失当而造成桡骨远端陈旧性骨折畸形愈合,导致严重功能障碍的病例并不少见,多数患者出现腕部明显畸形、疼痛及功能障碍等症状,严重影响日常生活。2010年1月至2012年6月,我科对22例桡骨远端陈旧性骨折患者,采用切开复位T型锁定加压钢板(T-LCP)治疗,取得了满意疗效。
近远震波形反演2013年芦山地震震源参数

北京时间2013年4月20日,四川省雅安市芦山县发生了Ms7.0级大地震,造成了惨重的人员伤亡和经济损失.基于四川省及周边省市区域台网近震波形数据以及IRIS远震波形数据,利用CAP(Cut And Paste)方法及其发展方法分别对近震、远震数据进行单独反演以及联合反演,得到各自的震源机制解和震源深度.结果显示,不同方法得到的震源机制解和震源深度都比较稳定,其中联合反演得到的最佳震源机制解为:节面Ⅰ走向210°,倾角44°,滑动角91°;节面Ⅱ走向29°,倾角46°,滑动角89°;震源深度为16km,震级为M_w6.66.为了验证结果的可靠性,基于不同模型对近震数据进行反演测试,发现在龙门山地区,复杂的速度结构对反演震源机制解有10°左右的影响,对震源深度的影响有2km左右.另外,对远震数据,按震中距进行重采样,所得结果非常一致,说明远震数据对芦山地震震源信息约束比较稳定.
2013年芦山地震导致的周边断层应力变化及其与2008年汶川地震的关系

2013年4月20日,四川雅安-芦山地区发生了Ms7.0级强震,地震造成了重大的人员伤亡和经济损失.判断余震可能发生的区域、圈定震区周边未来可能发生地震活动的范围,对灾区人员安置、灾后恢复重建,以及加强震灾及次生灾害防御具有重要的参考价值.本文利用弹性位错理论和分层岩石圈模型,计算汶川地震和芦山地震引起的同震及震后粘弹松弛应力场变化,讨论了M_w7.9级汶川地震与芦山地震之间的关系、芦山地震对余震分布的影响以及汶川地震和芦山地震对周边主要活动断层的影响.结果表明:(1)汶川地震在芦山地震震中导致的库伦应力增量为0.0037~0.0114MPa,最高可能达到0.0114MPa,汶川地震可能有效地促进了芦山地震的发生.(2)芦山地震所导致的同震库伦应力场变化能够较好地解释目前余震的分布.在芦山地震破裂面东北和西南两端的应力增强区域内还没有余震记录,这些区域未来发生余震的危险性较大,需密切关注.(3)鲜水河断裂康定-道孚段、北川-映秀断裂、彭县-灌县断裂以及雅安断裂上的库伦应力增量进一步提升,地震危险性有所增强.
从汶川地震到芦山地震

本文概述作者在龙门山断裂带中、小地震精确定位、地震活动性以及2008年汶川M_W7.9(M_S8.0)地震和2013年芦山M_W6.7(M_S7.0)地震破裂过程等方面所做的研究工作.这些工作表明,青藏高原东缘的龙门山断裂带不但是一条规模宏大的断裂带,也是一条非常活跃的地震带.通过对地震构造、地震活动性、地震矩释放"亏空"区以及余震活动规律的分析,作者在汶川地震后提出了龙门山断裂带西南段宝兴-小金一带存在发生M_W6.7~7.3地震的潜在危险性的地震趋势估计.芦山地震的发生初步验证了这一估计.芦山地震发生后作者进一步做的分析结果表明,芦山地震的发生并没有显著地缓解龙门山断裂带西南段的地震危险性,该地段整体上仍存在发生M_W7.2~7.3地震的潜在危险性;特别是,其北段(即邛崃大邑西-宝兴北-汶川南一带)存在发生M_W6.8地震的潜在危险性;其南段(即天全-荥经-泸定-康定一带)存在发生M_W7.2地震的潜在危险性.作者认为,应当强化对上述具有潜在地震危险性区域的监测与多学科综合研究.
日冕物质抛射的行星际动力学过程研究

日冕物质抛射(CME)是太阳大气中频繁发生的最剧烈的爆发现象之一,也是灾害性空间天气事件最主要的驱动源,能在行星际空间乃至地球空间造成剧烈的扰动.行星际空间是CME爆发后影响地球空间环境的必经之路,在这过程中CME如何传播演化,对其最终的空间天气效应有着至关重要的影响.CME的行星际动力学过程涉及众多宏观与微观、线性与非线性等多时空尺度的问题,主要可以归纳为动量交换与输运、能量转化与输运以及磁通量转换与输运这三个方面.目前这些方面的认识和理解主要依赖于广角成像、射电频谱、多点局地等多种空间卫星探测手段和技术,随着探测技术的不断发展,人们对CME的行星际动力学过程必定会有更加深入甚至全新的了解.本文简要综述近年来在这方面的研究进展,以介绍国内外华人学者的工作为主,全面展现CME的行星际动力学过程.
抑制丙肝病毒复制和转录的一种新方法

丙肝病毒是一种正链RNA病毒,它是导致人类肝脏疾病的重要因素.本研究中,通过引入一段体外的RNA,使其与丙肝病毒基因组、miR-122三者碱基互补配对,从而激活Ago2蛋白的内切酶活性,导致HCV基因组被切割,进而从其与Ago2蛋白和miR-122所形成的复合物中释放出来.由于失去了Ago2蛋白和miR-122的保护作用,释放出来的HCV基因组很容易被降解,因而可有效抑制其复制和转录.该研究为抑制HCV的复制和转录提供了新的思路,对于丙肝的治疗将具有意义.
龙门山断裂带中南段的一个破裂空段——芦山地震的震后效应

2013年4月20日,在青藏高原东缘的龙门山断裂带的南段发生了芦山7.0级地震.通过地壳剪切波分裂的分析,揭示了龙门山断裂带域的地壳主压应力方向及其与断裂之间的关联.芦山地震余震的定位结果显示,芦山地震的破裂与汶川地震的破裂没有贯通,在芦山与汶川之间形成了一个"破裂空段".本文建议,应关注芦山地震与汶川地震之间"破裂空段"的应力变化.采用不依赖于天然地震记录的井下人工源观测技术是一种有意义的科学尝试.
芦山与汶川地震震区地壳上地幔结构及深部孕震环境

雅安芦山Mw6.6级地震,是汶川7.9级地震之后龙门山地区的又一次强震,给当地的社会经济发展和生态环境带来了巨大的破坏.本文借助全国地震台网连续波形数据,使用背景噪声层析成像方法和远震接收函数分析方法,获得了震区及其周边地区精细的S波速度结构和地壳厚度、泊松比分布情况,进而分析了龙门山断裂带及邻区深部孕震环境.研究结果发现:(1)龙门山断裂带两侧剪切波速度和地壳厚度有非常显著的差异;(2)芦山和汶川地震均位于地壳厚度和波速结构变化剧烈之处,断层的破裂面和余震的分布均处于地震波横向速度梯度和地壳厚度的横向梯度跳变的地区;地震深度处于从均匀波速结构向非均匀波速结构过渡区域;(3)汶川地震及其余震发生在泊松比较低的地区,而芦山地震及其余震发生在高泊松比的地区.我们推测,横向的显著速度变化,以及地壳厚度和地形高度的巨大差异所产生的重力势能等作用可能在一定程度上构造成了龙门山断裂系上大地震的孕震环境,而龙门山断裂带南北段岩石泊松比的差别,可能是导致汶川地震余震空间分布和芦山地震延后5年发生的原因.
中医饮食调理在早期先兆流产中的效果观察

早期先兆流产,是妇产科常见疾病。是指妊娠12周前出现少量阴道流血,继之出现阵发性下腹痛或腰背酸胀,妇科检查宫颈口未开,胎膜未破,妊娠产物未排出,子宫大小与停经周数相符,妊娠有望继续者。先兆流产中医称之为“胎漏”“胎动不安”。本病有的经安胎治疗后可转为正常妊娠,至足月分娩健康胎儿。它的治疗与饮食调理有着密切的联系。对先兆流产患者,在中西医结合治疗的同时,配合中医饮食调理,取得满意效果。现报道如下。
血管扩张药物在急性胰腺炎保守治疗中的对比分析

目的探讨使用血管扩张药在急性胰腺炎保守治疗中的应用效果。方法将50例急性胰腺炎病人随机分为研究组(25例)和对照组(25例)。对照组行胃肠减压,补液,抗生素,抑制胰腺分泌等常规治疗;研究组在此基础上加用血管扩张药物进行保守治疗,分别观察两组病人腹胀持续时间,腹痛完全消失时间,血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间及治愈时间等临床指标并加以比较。结果研究组血淀粉酶水平第3天开始显著下降,腹胀明显减轻,腹痛第7天开始明显减轻,且3~7天血淀粉酶恢复正常时间,腹胀持续时间,腹痛完全消失时间,治愈时间较对照组明显缩短。两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规治疗基础上加用血管扩张药能明显缩短急性胰腺炎病人的腹痛缓解时间,腹痛完全消失时间,血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间和治疗时间。
四逆汤对肝癌细胞PCNA和cyclinD1影响的实验研究

以肝细胞癌为(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)主的原发性肝癌是世界第六大常见恶性肿瘤,由于乙型肝炎病毒的传播等原因导致我国肝癌高发的趋势十分严峻,约占全球肝癌病例的55%,严重威胁我国人们的健康和生命。
个体化治疗对结直肠癌病理诊断和分期的新要求

近年来,由于生活方式的改变,例如高蛋白、脂肪,少谷物、蔬果的不合理膳食,身体活动程度减少,超重等因素的影响,我国结直肠癌的发病率、死亡率逐年上升,尤其在北京、上海、天津等大型发达城市。最近20年中,上海结直肠的发病率以每年约4.2%的速度递增,据上海市疾病预防和控制中心2011年报告,2009年上海市恶性肿瘤中,结直肠癌的发病率在男性和女性中均居第二位,死亡率居男性第四、女性第二位。
我国传统农业结构不改变不行了——粮食九连增后的隐忧

粮食既为国民生活所必需,也是战略物资。作为一个13亿人口的大国,我们必须确保粮食安全,这是无可怀疑的。近几年来,我国粮食九连增,打破了历史记录,全国浸沉在满足喜悦之中。但有人察觉到了其中的某些隐忧。而笔者担心这里有更为深层的危机。
低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤2例临床病理分析

目的探讨低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤(low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, LGFMS)的临床病理学特征。方法对2例 LGFMS的临床资料、病理学形态、免疫表型进行分析。结果患者年龄分别为31、47岁,平均39岁。肿瘤均位于腹股沟,最大径分别为3.5、6 cm,境界清晰,临床完整切除。镜下肿瘤组织由纤维胶原样区和黏液样区交替组成,细胞形态比较温和,呈梭形或短梭形。2例肿瘤细胞vimentin、a-SMA(+), Ki-67(+<1%), desmin、S-100、CK、EMA、CD34均(-)。2例随访至今均未见复发。结论LGFMS是一种罕见的软组织肿瘤,具有复发和转移潜能,患者需进行长期随访。
免疫组化抗原修复技术新进展

抗原修复是影响免疫组化染色结果的重要因素,现已广泛应用于病理学和形态学研究领域。基于抗原修复的蛋白质组学研究,有助于从福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织中提取蛋白质,为个性化医疗中相关分子生物标记物的应用建立实用而先进的平台。该文现对抗原修复的机制与其在细胞或组织样品的制备、免疫组化的标准化以及蛋白质组学等方面的应用进行综述。
Spatial correlations between urbanization and river water pollution in the heavily polluted area of Taihu Lake Basin, China

Water pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin has been the focus of attention in China and abroad for a long time, due to its position in the forefront of urban development in China. Based on data gathering and processing from 84 monitoring sections in this heavily polluted area, this study first analyzes spatial patterns of urbanization and the distribution of river water pollution, and then uses the GeoDa bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to investigate the spatial correlation between urbanization and river water pollution at the scale of township units. The results show that urbanization has adverse impacts on water pollution, and the influence varies in different levels of development areas. The urban township units have the highest level of urbanization and highest pollution, but the best water quality; the suburban units have lower level of urbanization, but higher pollution and worse water quality; however the rural units have the lowest level of urbanization and lowest pollution, mainly affected by upstream pollution, but worst water quality. Lastly, urban and rural planning committees, while actively promoting the process of development in the region, should gradually resolve the issue of pollution control lagging behind urban life and urban develop- ment, giving priority to construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities and associated pipeline network coverage in the rural areas and suburban areas.
A study on scheme of soil and water conservation regionalization in China

Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and development. It makes a brief review of related regionalization of study and makes clear the concept of regionalization of soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and water conservation are proposed. Through the construction of the regionalization of soil and water conservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and water conservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to build soil and water conservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China.