mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Xinfuli Granule improves post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis in rats by regulating TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway

Background Recent clinical and experimental studies have confirmed the effects of Xinfuli Granule (XG), a compound Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of heart failure (HF). This study aimed to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of XG on ventricular reconstruction in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending branch ligation. The rats that survived 24 h were randomly assigned to five groups: medium-dose of XG group (MI+XGM), high-dose of XG group (MI+XGH), carvedilol group (MI+C), medium-dose of XG + carvedilol group (MI+C+XGM). Fourteen rats underwent identical surgical procedures without artery ligation, serving as sham controls. At 28 days, left ventricular weight to body weight (LVW/BW) and heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) were calculated; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS), left ventricular internal diameter at systole (LVIDS) were measured by ultrasound; HE staining, Masson staining, and Sirius red staining were used to assess the myocardial pathological and physiological changes as well as myocardial fibrosis area and non-infarct zone I/III collagen ratio. Expression of Smad3 were detected and analyzed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. P-Smad3, Smad2 and Smad7 in the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway were also analyzed by Western blot. Results The LVIDS (P < 0.01), HW/BW (P < 0.05), type I/III collagen ratio (P < 0.01) and myocardial collagen (P < 0.01) decreased significantly while the LVW/BW, LVFS (P < 0.05) increased significantly in MI+XGM group as compared with those in other groups. The expression of key signal molecules of the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, including Smad3, P-Smad3 and Smad2 protein were decreased, while the expression of Smad7 increased in both XG and carvedilol treatment groups as compared to those of the MI group (all P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence further confirmed the down-regulated Smad3 expression. Conclusion XG can improve ventricular reconstruction and inhibit myocardial fibrosis in rats with AMI by regulating TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.
Gemcitabine-based combination therapy compared with gemcitabine alone for advanced pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies and chemotherapy is an effective strategy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of first-line agents. However, GEM-based combination therapy has shown promising efficacy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of GEM-based combination therapy versus GEM alone in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search of literature was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed based on the inclusion criteria from all eligible randomized controlled trials. The outcome indicators included overall survival (OS), 6-month survival, 1-year survival, progression-free survival/time-to-progression (PFS/TTP), and toxicities. RESULTS: A total of nine randomized controlled trials involving 1661 patients were included in this meta-analysis. There was significant improvement in the GEM-based combination therapy with regard to the OS (HR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95, P=0.003), PFS (HR=0.76,95% CI: 0.65-0.90, P=0.002), 6-month survival (RR=1.09,95% CI: 1.01-1.17, P=0.03), and the overall toxicity (RR=1.68,95% CI: 1.52-1.86, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the 1-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: GEM-based combination chemotherapy might improve the OS, 6-month survival, and PFS in advanced pancreatic cancer. However, combined therapy also added toxicity.
Development of a radiographic method for measuring the discrete spectrum of the electron beam from a plasma focus device

An indirect method is proposed for measuring the relative energy spectrum of the pulsed electron beam of a plasma focus device. The Bremsstrahlung x-ray, generated by the collision of electrons against the anode surface, was measured behind lead filters with various thicknesses using a radiographic film system. A matrix equation was considered in order to explain the relation between the x-ray dose and the spectral amplitudes of the electron beam. The electron spectrum of the device was measured at 0.6 mbar argon and 22 kV charging voltage, in four discrete energy intervals extending up to 500 keV. The results of the experiments show that most of the electrons are emitted in the 125-375 keV energy range and the spectral amplitude becomes negligible beyond 375 keV.
枳壳及其主要活性成分对脾虚模型大鼠血清胃泌素、血浆乙酰胆碱、胃动素、P物质和血管活性肠肽的影响

目的研究枳壳水煎液及其主要活性成分对脾虚模型大鼠血清胃泌素(GAS)、血浆乙酰胆碱(ACh)、胃动素(MTL)、P物质(SP)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)的影响。方法以苦寒泻下加饥饱失常法复制大鼠脾虚模型,枳壳水煎液及其主要活性成分分别灌胃给药后,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清胃泌素、血浆乙酰胆碱、胃动素、P物质和血管活性肠肽的含量变化,观察各组给药后对脾虚模型大鼠胃肠激素的影响。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠中ACh、GAS、MTL和SP含量显著降低(P<0.01),而VIP含量则显著升高(P<0.05)。各组给药后,柚皮苷低、中、高剂量组血浆中ACh含量,柚皮苷低剂量组血浆中SP含量和柚皮苷低剂量组中VIP含量与模型组比较显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而柚皮苷中、高剂量组血浆中SP含量和柚皮苷低、中剂量组血清中GAS含量则较模型组显著升高(P <0.05,P <0.01);新橙皮苷低剂量组血浆中ACh含量较模型组显著降低,而新橙皮苷高剂量组血浆中ACh含量,新橙皮苷低、中、高剂量组血浆中SP含量,新橙皮苷中、高剂量组血浆中MTL含量和新橙皮苷低、中、高剂量组血清中GAS含量则较模型组显著升高;两个单体组合物低剂量组血浆中ACh含量和两个单体组合物低、中剂量组血浆中VIP含量与模型组比较显著降低,而两个单体组合物中、高剂量组血浆中ACh含量,两个单体组合物高剂量组血浆中SP含量,两个单体组合物高剂量组血浆中MTL含量和两个单体组合物低、中、高剂量组血清中GAS含量则较模型组显著升高;枳壳水煎液低剂量组血浆中ACh含量与模型组比较显著降低,而枳壳水煎液高剂量组血浆中MTL含量和枳壳水煎液低、中、高剂量组血清中GAS含量则较模型组显著升高。结论枳壳可能通过升高血清中GAS、血浆中ACh、MTL、SP含量和抑制VIP的分泌来促进胃肠运动,这可能是枳壳治疗胃肠动力障碍性疾病的机制之一。
个体化治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的临床探讨

目的:探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(caesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的个体化治疗方法及其疗效。方法:选择2012年1月—2016年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院收治的62例确诊为CSP的患者,根据临床类型分为2组,结合发病特点及患者意愿分别采用个体化的治疗方案。第1组(内生型)包括:方法1(5例):保守治疗,即米非司酮+氨甲喋呤或子宫动脉栓塞术治疗;方法2(26例):经宫腔镜病灶清除术(术中超声或腹腔镜监视);方法3(11例):超声监视下清宫术;第2组(外生型)包括:方法4(6例):经腹腔镜病灶切除术+子宫瘢痕修补术;方法5(11例)经阴道病灶切除术+子宫瘢痕修补术;方法6(4例)经腹病灶切除+子宫瘢痕修补术(其中1例为经腹腔镜手术后并发盆腔血肿急诊转开腹手术)。术前对β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-human chorionic gonadotrophin,β-HCG)>3 000 U/mL的患者予药物治疗或子宫动脉栓塞术。结果:6种治疗方法均有效。在第1组中,与方法2、3比较,方法1组住院时间、β-HCG恢复正常的时间、月经复潮时间均明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),而方法2、3之间,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05); 3种治疗方法中均有月经量减少病例出现,差异无统计学意义;在术中出血方面,和方法2比,方法3术中出血明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在第2组中,方法5术中出血明显减少,与其他两种方法相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),而在住院时间、手术时间、β-HCG恢复正常的时间方面,3种方法相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:根据不同临床类型及发病特点选择不同方法治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠均取得预期效果,其中手术清除病灶周期短、术后恢复快、血β-HCG恢复正常的时间短,疗效确切。对于β-HCG较低、病灶较小且不愿手术的患者,保守治疗亦能够取得较好疗效。
联合非精神药物治疗改善精神分裂症阴性症状的研究进展

精神分裂症的阴性症状包括情感淡漠、缺乏主动性、社会退缩等,对患者的社会功能影响突出。随着时间的推移,以阴性症状为主要表现的患者生活质量更差,更容易遗留功能残疾。第2代抗精神病药对精神分裂症阴性症状有一定的治疗作用,但疗效仍不理想。在此背景下,有研究通过结合药物作用机制和精神分裂症发病机制,联合使用辅助治疗药物来改善阴性症状,我们对此进行综述。
一起来聊抑郁症

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)将每年4月7日定为“世界卫生日”,一是纪念WHO的成立,二是“利用这个绝好机会动员就世界各地人们所关切的特定卫生问题采取行动”。 2017年世界卫生日的主题是:一起来聊抑郁症。实际上这个活动自去年的10月10日“世界精神卫生日”已经开始,持续1年。之所以与以往仅仅在当日举行的“世界卫生日”主题活动有如此大的差别,我想WHO可能是基于以下几个考虑:(1)抑郁症的侵袭对象横跨种族、国界、职业,纵跨儿童到老年各个年龄段;(2)抑郁症是可治疗的,然而由于精神卫生知识欠缺和病耻感的深重,抑郁症患者的求治率低下,这一现象在发展中国家尤为突出;(3)尽管从疾病负担角度来看,抑郁症已经列在十大疾病之首,但是各国对于抑郁症防治的投入远低于其他疾病。
A Hybrid Spectral Element Method for Fractional Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

We propose a hybrid spectral element method for fractional two-point boundary value problem (FBVPs) involving both Caputo and Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional derivatives. We first formulate these FBVPs as a second kind Volterra integral equation (VIEs) with weakly singular kernel, following a similar procedure in [16]. We then design a hybrid spectral element method with generalized Jacobi functions and Legendre polynomials as basis functions. The use of generalized Jacobi functions allow us to deal with the usual singularity of solutions at $t = 0$. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution, and derive a hptype error estimates under ${L^2}\left(I \right)$-norm for the transformed VIEs. Numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Dy gradient and coercivity in grain boundary diffusion processed Nd-Fe-B magnet

By controlling Dy vapor deposition process, the amount of Dy that diffused into the magnet was increased gradually from 0.1 wt.% to 0.3 wt.%. Compared with the original status, the coercivity increment was not proportional to the Dy diffusion amount. Subsequent H_(cj) and Dy content gradient data showed that slope of the 0.3 wt.% sample gradient was bigger than that of 0.1 wt.% one, and the gaps between outer flakes and inner flakes enlarged with the increasement of Dy diffusion amount. Although Dy mostly enriched in triple-junction regions in electron-probe microscope analysis (EPMA) images, the following Auger depth graph showed that Dy content was as high as 3.0 at.% in 1.5 mm deep center. It proved that Dy tended to get into the main phase rather than stayed in the grain boundary during the diffusion process, and over-diffusion of Dy in the main phase was unhelpful for the coercivity enhancement.
应用双重任务筛查轻度认知障碍的研究进展

轻度认知障碍是介于正常老化与痴呆的阶段,早期筛查出轻度认知障碍人群并给予积极干预对疾病的有效延缓具有重要的意义。而发展客观、高效的轻度认知障碍筛查工具是重要的前提。双重任务操作的引入拓展了单纯的“量表式”筛查方法,从概念、组合应用形式和效果以及双重任务操作筛查轻度认知障碍的优势等方面对其研究现状进行综述,为今后社区或医院护士筛查并干预轻度认知障碍患者提供参考和基础。
糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素专案改善实施方法

目的通过护理专案提高糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素的合格率。方法按时间段开展专案改善活动前的131例糖尿病患者设为对照组,行常规护理;将开展专案改善活动的215例患者设为干预组,应用专案改善法制订相应方案进行干预,包括定时组织专题讲课,规范指导注射工作路径,多阶段评估等。比较两组注射部位选择、部位轮换、部位检查和消毒等自我注射的合格率。结果干预组自我注射技术7个方面合格率显著优于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论护理专案改善可提高糖尿病患者胰岛素自我注射的合格率,有利于患者血糖控制。
卒中后听觉失认的1例报告

总之,对于听觉失认的患者,一般因病变部位广泛且累及范围不同,通常伴有不同言语障碍,认知障碍及其他功能障碍,联合“汉语失语症心理语言评价流程”与“汉语标准失语症检查”有助于制定针对听理解障碍语言加工受损水平的治疗方案。在治疗时,除针对性的言语治疗外,认知功能治疗、音乐治疗以及结合经颅磁刺激等综合手段治疗可能效果会较好,同时更需注意此类患者神经心理功能障碍。患者大脑受损后,严重的听理解障碍导致患者失去与外界交流的主要手段,患者容易精神紧张,烦躁易怒,焦虑,对于病情的无知和恐惧更容易加剧患者的心理障碍,故心理疏导也需加以重视。另外,可通过其他非语言的交流方式让患者进行日常交流,提高患者回归社会信心。
75岁以上老年抗栓治疗专家共识

75岁以上(≥75岁)老年人是心血管疾病的高发人群,且随着年龄增长,发病率呈显著增加趋势。约1/3罹患心肌梗死和2/3因心肌梗死死亡的患者超过75岁。制订《75岁以上老年抗栓治疗专家共识》,旨在通过总结临床研究结果并引入新的出血风险评分系统,提出适合我国75岁以上高龄患者的评价体系和抗栓建议。
Seismic Strain Energy Release of Active Faults in the Southeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Using the methods of the Gutenberg magnitude energy empirical formula and the Benioff seismic strain energy release curve, we make a systematic study on seismic strain energy release of historical earthquakes in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since 1500. This paper provides a periodic table of the earthquake strain energy release in the fault zones and the fault block areas. The study shows that seismic strain energy release is strong in the east and south,and weak in the west and north. The overall seismic strain energy release of the Yushu-Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system is consistent with the quasi-periodic pattern. The seismic cycle of some fault zones and fault block areas shows synchronization to a certain extent. The risk cannot be ignored in the current large release period of seismic strain energy in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Local seismic risk analysis shows that seismic risk is very high on the Anninghe-Zemuhe and Xiaojiang fault zones. These dangerous zones need follow-up research. In future,it is necessary to combine different research methods to improve the reliability of seismic risk assessment.
慢性非传染性疾病的心磷脂重塑及其运动干预展望

心磷脂(cardiolipin,CL)重塑是指心磷脂的四条脂肪酸酰基链的主要组成分子丢失和紊乱,慢性疾病普遍存在CL结构重塑,因此称为CL重塑。CL重塑是造成肥胖症、糖尿病、巴氏综合征和病理性心肌肥厚等慢性非传染性疾病引起线粒体结构与功能障碍的核心靶点之一。心磷脂酰基转移酶ALCAT1调控CL重塑,ALCAT1通过对CL支链结构进行重塑性修饰,加速活性氧产生导致CL重塑。因此,抑制CL重塑是防治慢性非传染性疾病的有效策略。目前未见有运动防治慢性非传染性疾病与CL重塑的报道。积极开展运动与CL代谢、运动防治心血管疾病、糖尿病与改善CL重塑研究,以及CL重塑与老年病防治手段和方法筛选等研究,将为运动防治慢性非传染性疾病的手段和方法筛选提供新思路和新靶点。本文综述慢性非传染性疾病的CL重塑研究进展,并对其运动干预进行展望。
炎性小体在阿尔茨海默病发病中作用的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,严重威胁老年人的身体健康。近年研究发现,脑内炎性小体的活化参与该病的发生、发展过程。炎性小体作为一种大分子蛋白复合物,激活Caspase-1前体蛋白,导致炎性因子如IL-1β、IL-18等的成熟与释放,从而引起炎症反应。目前炎性小体与AD的关系仍需进一步研究,本文就炎性小体与AD的研究现状进行综述。
视网膜脂血症

眼科检查:最佳矫正视力右眼为0.6,左眼为0.6;眼压右眼为14 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),左眼为16 mmHg;双眼前节未见明显异常;眼底检查见精粹图片1。实验室检查:外周血呈乳糜状,空腹血糖浓度为13.8 mmol/L,尿糖(-)。临床诊断:双眼视网膜脂血症。
精准医学模式下结直肠癌研究现状及展望

2011年,美国科学院、美国工程院、美国国立卫生研究院及美国科学委员会首次共同发出“迈向精准医学”的倡议。但真正引起人们广泛关注精准医学的是2015年时任美国总统的奥巴马在国情咨文演讲中提出的“精准医学计划”,该计划建议政府增加医学研究经费,推动个体化基因组学研究,依据个人基因信息为癌症及其他疾病患者制定个体医疗方案。精准医学是以个体化医疗为基础,应用现代遗传技术、分子影像技术、生物信息技术,实现肿瘤的精准分类及诊断,制定个性化肿瘤预防、诊断以及治疗方案。精准医学是集合传统医学方法与现代科技手段,科学认知人体机能和疾病本质,以最有效、最安全、最经济的医疗服务获取个体和社会健康效益最大化的新型医学范畴。根据每个患者的个人特征量体裁衣式地制定个性化治疗方案是精准医学临床应用的愿景。
A Unique Lesion of the Esophageal Mucosal Epithelium: Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Basal-layer-type Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

According to the 2010 WHO classification of digestive system tumors,esophageal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN) is associated with ultrastructural and cytological abnormalities confined to the lower half of the epithelium,and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is defined as tumor invasion of the lamina propria or penetration into deeper tissue layers. We here reported a rare esophageal squamous lesion with low-grade ultrastructural organization and cytological dysplasia confined to the basal layer, as well as invasion into the lamina propria.
Effect of Yiqihuoxue prescription on myocardial energy metabolism after myocardial infarction via cross talk of liver kinase B1-dependent Notch1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxue prescription (YQHX) from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on myocardial glucose and lipid metabolism after myocardial infarction via the cross talk between the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-dependent Notch1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). YQHX was prepared with substances with properties that benefit, to activate blood circulation based on the TCM theory. METHODS: Animal models of myocardial infarction were established by ligating Sprague Dawley rats' left anterior descending coronary arteries. The animals were randomly divided into a myocardial infarction (MI) group, a YQHX group, a perindopril group, a γ-secretase inhibitor, Notch signal inhibitor (DAPT) group, a DAPT+YQHX group and a sham group. The related drugs were administered on the second day after operation, and changes in the relevant indexes were examined on weeks 1 and 4. Changes in cardiac structure and function were examined by echocardiography. The glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined by ELISA. The expression of Notch, LKB1 and AMPK mRNA was examined by a real-time fluorescence quantitative method. The expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and the expression of total acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and its phosphorylation were examined by western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the expression of Notch, LKB1 and AMPK mRNA in the MI group was lower. Compared with the MI group, the expression of these mRNAs in the YQHX and perindopril groups was higher, and their expression in the DAPT group was lower. At all time points, the protein expression of GLUT4 and pACC decreased in the MI group. On week 1, the expression of pACC protein was higher. In the DAPT group, the expression of pACC protein decreased. Compared with the YQHX group, the expression of pACC protein in the DAPT + YQHX group was lower. On week 4, compared with the MI group, the expression of GLUT4 protein in the YQHX group and the perindopril group was higher. The expression of GLUT4 protein in the DAPT group decreased. Compared with the YQHX group, the expression of GLUT4 protein in the DAPT+YQHX group was lower. There was no significant difference in the expression of ACC protein between the groups. CONCLUSION: YQHX promoted cross talk between the LKB1-dependent Notch1 and AMPK in myocardial tissue after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, it regulated the glucose and lipid metabolism of cardiomyocytes at different time points, thereby ameliorating the cardiac energy metabolism via different mechanisms and protecting the heart.
Adsorption–desorption behavior of atrazine on agricultural soils in China

Adsorption and desorption are important processes that affect atrazine transport, transformation, and bioavailability in soils. Inthis study, the adsorption–desorption characteristics of atrazine in three soils (laterite, paddy soil and alluvial soil) were evaluated using the batch equilibrium method. The results showed that the kinetics of atrazine in soils was completed in two steps: a “fast” adsorption and a “slow” adsorption and could be well described by pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the adsorption equilibriumisothermswere nonlinear andwerewell fitted by Freundlich and Langmuirmodels. It was found that the adsorption data on laterite, and paddy soilwere better fitted by the Freundlichmodel; as for alluvial soil, the Langmuirmodel described it better. The maximum atrazine sorption capacities ranked as follows: paddy soil >alluvial soil >laterite. Results of thermodynamic calculations indicated that atrazine adsorption on three tested soils was spontaneous and endothermic. The desorption data showed that negative hysteresis occurred. Furthermore, lower solution pH value was conducive to the adsorption of atrazine in soils.The atrazine adsorption in these three tested soilswas controlled by physical adsorption, including partition and surface adsorption. At lower equilibrium concentration, the atrazine adsorption process in soils was dominated by surface adsorption; while with the increase of equilibrium concentration, partition was predominant.
Book review:Solar chimney power generating technology

Since Prof. Jorg SCHLAICH from the University of Stuttgart in Germany built the first solar chimney power plant (SCPP) prototype in the early 1980s, research on SCPP technology has aroused worldwide attention from experiment, to theory and then feasibility studies for large-scale commercial application. However, except for the fewer than 60-pages piece on the prototype of a SCPP in Manzaneres, Spain, published in 1995 by Prof. Jorg SCHLAICH, a complete introduction to the basic principles of SCPP, covering the key technology and cutting-edge progress has been lacking. The publication of the book Solar Chimney Power Generating Technology by Prof. Ting-zhen MING seems to perfectly fill the gap.
Interacting effects of multiple factors on the morphological evolution of the meandering reaches downstream the Three Gorges Dam

Elucidating the influence of dams on fluvial processes can inform river protection and basin management. However, relatively few studies have focused on how multiple factors interact to affect the morphological evolution of meandering reaches. Using hydrological and topographical data,we analyzed the factors that influence and regulate the meandering reaches downstream the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Our conclusions are as follows. (1) The meandering reaches can be classified into two types based on their evolution during the pre-dam period: G1 reaches, characterized by convex point bar erosion and concave channel deposition (CECD), and G2 reaches, characterized by convex point bar deposition and concave channel erosion (CDCE). Both reach types exhibited CECD features during the post-dam period. (2) Flow processes and sediment transport are the factors that caused serious erosion of the low beaches located in the convex point bars. However, changes in the river regime, river boundaries and jacking of Dongting Lake do not act as primary controls on the morphological evolution of the meandering reaches. (3) Flood discharges ranging from 20,000 to 25,000 m~3/s result in greater erosion of convex point bars. The point bars become scoured if the durations of these flows, which are close to bankfull discharge, exceed 20 days. In addition, the reduction in bedload causes the decreasing of point bar siltation in the water-falling period. (4) During the post-dam period, flood abatement, the increased duration of discharges ranging from 20,000 to 25,000 m~3/s, and a significant reduction in sediment transport are the main factors that caused meandering reaches to show CECD features. Our results are relevant to other meandering reaches, where they can inform estimates of riverbed change, river management strategies and river protection.
Rural restructuring in China: Theory, approaches and research prospect

Rural restructuring is a process of reshaping socio-economic morphology and spatial pattern in rural territory in response to the changes of elements both in kernel system and external system of rural development, by optimally allocating and efficiently managing the material and non-material elements in the two systems. It aims at ultimately optimizing the structure and promoting the function within rural territorial system as well as realizing the coordination of structure and complementation of function between urban and rural territorial system. This paper establishes a theoretical framework of rural restructuring through elaborating the concept and connotations as well as analyzing the mechanism pushing forward rural restructuring based on the evolution of "elements-structure-function", and probes the approaches from the three aspects of spatial restructuring, economic restructuring and social restructuring. Besides, the authors argue that the study of rural restructuring in China in the future needs to focus on the aspects of long-term and multi-scale process and pattern, mechanism, regional models, rural planning technology system and standard, policy and institutional innovations concerning rural restructuring as well as the impacts of globalization on rural restructuring, in order to serve the current national strategic demands and cope with the changes of rural development elements in the process of urban-rural development transformation.