mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Calcification of bilateral ureters: a novel association with systemic lupus erythematosus

A 16-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with abdominal pain and oliguria, after one month of hospital treatment with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the calcification of bilateral superior segmental ureteral wall. Computed tomography urography revealed stenosis of bilateral ureters. This calcification may be associated with lupus-induced inflammatory reaction of ureteral endomembrane. By receiving the ureteral catheters, her abdominal pain and oliguria had been completely resolved. After discharge, she underwent the surgery of cutaneous ureterostomy in the local hospital. During two years follow-up, her condition is stable without any symptom of the urinary system.
Lipopolysaccharide induced activin A-follistatin imbalance affects cardiac fibrosis

Background Inflammation plays a pivotal role in cardiac remodeling, especially in myocardial fibrosis. Abnormal growth of cardiac fibroblasts is critically involved in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling. Previous study has demonstrated that many inflammation stimulating factors trigger transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induction and reactive myocardial fibrosis. Activin A (ACT A) is a member of TGF-β superfamily, and follistatin (FS) is an activin-binding protein, i.e. an antagonist of ACT A. Our previous studies have shown that ACT A-FS imbalance occurs in rats with heart failure (HF), and overexpression of ACT A can lead to ventricular remodeling, and resultant HF. Low expression of FS after myocardial infarction further exacerbated HF. The pathogenic change resulting from overexpression of ACT A is consistent with that of overexpression of angiotensin II (AngII). Ventricular remodeling includes cardiocyte remodeling and myocardial interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of inflammatory factors on the ACT A-FS and the secretions of cardiac fibroblasts in order to explore in depth the mechanism of myocardial fibrosis. Methods A rat model with HF was established, and the results showed that there was a greater degree of cardiac fibrosis in HF rats. In addition, we found that there was an imbalance of the ACT A/FS system in HF rats, which was characterized by increased levels of ACT A. Further, primary rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured and the MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of the inflammatory factor-bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cardiac fibroblast proliferation.Results The results showed that LPS can stimulate the cardiac fibroblasts to proliferate in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular immunohistochemical staining showed that the rat cardiac fibroblasts themselves could express ACT A and FS proteins, and stimulation by LPS could apparently promote the cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts to secrete ACT A, but inhibit the secretion of FS. The results also showed that ACT A promoted, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of the cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, and the expression of collagen types I and III. Moreover, ACT A promoted, in a dose dependent manner, the cardiac fibroblasts to secrete nitric oxide (NO), and unregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA.Conclusions These results suggest that the inflammatory mediator LPS can promote ACT A-FS imbalance in cardiac fibroblasts, mainly overexpression of ACT A. Overexpression of ACT A promotes the proliferation and the secretion of collagens in cardiac fibroblasts through autocrine/paracrine stimulation of NO, and is involved in the pathological process of myocardial fibrosis.
Critical influenza (H1N1) pneumonia: imaging manifestations and histopathological findings

Background The global outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) has led to the Ministry of Health of China listing it as one of the A-class infectious diseases. Pneumonia is the most serious complication of influenza A, commonly causing death. Populations are ordinarily susceptible to influenza A. This study aimed to investigate the imaging manifestation features of critical influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and to improve its diagnostic techniques. Methods A total of seven death cases from critical influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed on their imaging manifestations and autopsy data. Pulmonary CT scanning was performed for five cases, with one receiving additional chest X-ray and chest CT scanning, and chest postero-anterior position X-ray examination was performed for other two. Autopsy was performed for five cases and postmortem examinations were performed for other two cases.Results The seven cases of influenza A showed critical manifestations in 4-7 days after symptoms onset, with two having basic diseases of diabetes and one being pregnant. Extensive blurry high-density shadows of bilateral lungs were found in three cases, which were most obvious in middle and inferior parts of lungs. Pulmonary CT scanning revealed bilateral flaky parenchymal shadows in peripheral, dorsal and fundus segments of the middle-inferior parts of lungs, with one case of complicated pneumothorax, atelectasis and pleural effusion and another case of thin-walled cavity and dilated bronchi shadows in the superior parts of lungs.Conclusions Diagnostic imaging is an important assessing tool for critical influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. The imaging manifestations are characteristic instead of being specific. The definitive diagnosis can be made in combination with clinical examinations and laboratory tests.
Oscillatory Dynamics and Oscillation Death in Complex Networks Consisting of Both Excitatory and Inhibitory Nodes

In neural networks,both excitatory and inhibitory cells play important roles in determining the functions of systems.Various dynamical networks have been proposed as artificial neural networks to study the properties of biological systems where the influences of excitatory nodes have been extensively investigated while those of inhibitory nodes have been studied much less.In this paper,we consider a model of oscillatory networks of excitable Boolean maps consisting of both excitatory and inhibitory nodes,focusing on the roles of inhibitory nodes.We find that inhibitory nodes in sparse networks(small average connection degree) play decisive roles in weakening oscillations,and oscillation death occurs after continual weakening of oscillation for sufficiently high inhibitory node density.In the sharp contrast,increasing inhibitory nodes in dense networks may result in the increase of oscillation amplitude and sudden oscillation death at much lower inhibitory node density and the nearly highest excitation activities.Mechanism under these peculiar behaviors of dense networks is explained by the competition of the duplex effects of inhibitory nodes.
慢性肾脏病患者肾功能衰竭期心电图分析

目的分析慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者肾功能衰竭期(CRF)的异常ECG检出率和ECG异常类型,探讨ECG对CRF患者并发心血管疾病(CVD)的临床诊断价值。方法选择CKD 4期和CKD 5期(暂未进行维持性血液透析)患者各80例,对每例患者进行ECG检查2次,并进行比较分析。结果CKD 4期80例ECG异常115例次,异常检出率71.88%;CKD 5期ECG检测80例,异常123例次,异常检出率81.88%;两组异常ECG检出率比较,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组ECG异常类型比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CKD 5期患者并发CVD的风险性更大;两期患者ECG异常类型多样易变,出现不同程度ST-T改变、房室肥大、各类心律失常等异常,ECG结果可以作为无创伤性检查发现CVD并发症诊断的重要依据之一,有利于临床早诊断、早治疗。
无保护左主干病变经皮介入治疗近期疗效观察

目的分析无保护左主干(ULMCA)病变患者经皮介入治疗近期疗效。方法对20例经冠状动脉造影证实并行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗的ULMCA病变患者,随访近期(4周)主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及疗效。结果20例患者均成功置入支架,心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级达Ⅲ级,无严重术中并发症,术后4周内无MACE发生,胸痛症状得到不同程度缓解。结论严格筛选病例前提下,ULMCA病变经皮介入治疗近期安全有效。
帕瑞昔布钠在妇科腹腔镜手术中超前镇痛效果

目的探讨术前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠用于妇科腹腔镜手术超前镇痛的有效性及安全性。方法全麻下行腹腔镜宫外孕及卵巢囊肿手术患者40例,随机分为两组,麻醉前30min分别静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg(A组)或生理盐水5ml(B组),记录两组术后1、3、6和12h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)和舒适度评级(BCS)。结果A组各时间点VAS显著低于B组,BCS明显高于B组(P<0.05)。结论术前静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg能有效减轻妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛。
宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素的研究进展

盆腔淋巴结转移是宫颈癌扩散的主要途径之一,也是影响宫颈癌预后的主要危险因素。有无淋巴结的转移,直接影响治疗方式的选择。就目前宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素的研究,主要从年龄、临床分期、病理分级及类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤浸润等方面进行讨论。近年来,不少研究发现治疗前血清鳞状细胞癌抗原测量值的异常增高以及淋巴结内HPV-DNA检测结果与盆腔淋巴结转移有一定的关系。本文就宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素的研究进展综述如下。
玉米新品种晋单80号高产栽培技术及示范推广

中晚熟玉米品种晋单80号由山西省农业科学院玉米研究所以自选自交系T14-3B为母本,以X19-1为父本杂交选育而成,2011年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种种植密度一般为52 500株/hm~2,一般产量为9 000~12 000 kg/hm~2,高产示范中最高产量达14 578 kg/hm~2。该品种具有高产、优质、抗病、抗倒、抗旱耐瘠、适应性广、制种产量高等特点。
小麦新品种渝麦14号的选育及栽培技术

渝麦14号(原名L-28)是四川农业大学农学院和重庆市农业科学院共同选育的小麦新品种。2011年5月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定(编号:渝审麦2011001)。该品种产量高,品质好,抗倒伏能力强,农艺性状优良,适应性广,适宜重庆市及周边相似生态区种植。因地制宜,适时播种,合理密植,平衡施肥,加强田间管理,及时进行病害虫草的防治,是确保渝麦14号高产优质的关键栽培措施。
采供血机构防范HIV感染者献血的对策探讨

献血法的实施,血站"一法两规"的贯彻执行,卫生部医疗质量万里行——血液安全督导检查活动的深入开展,使采供血机构的血液安全管理水平不断得到提升,输血的安全性和有效性得到进一步保障。然而,近年来随着我国艾滋病疫情出现的一些新特点,如:性传播持续成为主要传播途径,同性传播上升速度明显;艾滋病受影响人群增多,流行模式多样化;HIV由高危人群向普通人群转移。献血者血液筛查中发现的HIV阳性感染者逐年增多,甚至HIV感染者献血案例在多地区发生,采供血机构所面临的血液安全形势仍然复杂而严峻。因此,我们对浙江省发生的HIV感染者献血案例进行了详细分析,并进行相关防范对策的探讨,现报道如下。
Impact of Interfacial Trap Density of States on the Stability of Amorphous InGaZnO-Based Thin-Film Transistors

The impact of interfacial trap states on the stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film transistors is studied under positive gate bias stress. With increasing stress time, the device exhibits a large positive drift of threshold voltage while maintaining a stable sub-threshold swing and a constant field-effect mobility of channel electrons. The threshold voltage drift is explained by charge trapping at the high-density trap states near the channel/dielectric interface, which is confirmed by photo-excited charge-collection spectroscopy measurement.
Chaotic Dynamics of Triatomic Normal Mode Molecules

We investigate the chaotic dynamics of normal mode molecules from the classical point of view using the coupling Morse oscillators. New interesting phenomena of the fractured tori and the cross of tori on the Poincare section, which go against our traditional understanding, are found and investigated. Also, we find that the phenomenon of tori cross is a signature of the single bond's energy beyond the total vibrational energy. Finally, a method to improve this scarcity is proposed.
Effects of Long-Term Winter Planted Green Manure on Physical Properties of Reddish Paddy Soil Under a Double-Rice Cropping System

Soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term inputs of green manures on physical properties of a reddish paddy soil(Fe-Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols) under a double cropping system.The common cropping pattern before the study was early-late rice-fallow(winter).The field treatments included rice-rice-fallow(R-R-WF),rice-rice-rape(R-R-RP),rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch(RR-MV),and rice-rice-ryegrass(R-R-RG).The rape,Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass were all incorporated as green manures 15 d before early rice transplanting during the following year.The soil bulk density in all green manure treatments was significantly reduced compared with the winter fallow treatment.Soil porosity with green manure applications was significantly higher than that under the winter fallow.The green manure treatments had higher 0.25-5 mm water stable aggregates and aggregates stabilities in the plow layer(0-15 cm depth) compared with the fallow treatment.The mean weight diameter(MWD) and normalized mean weight diameter(NMWD) of aggregates in the green manure treatment were larger than that with the winter fallow.Soil given green manure retained both a higher water holding capacity in the plow layer soil,and a larger volume of moisture at all matric potentials(-10,-33 and-100 kPa).We conclude that the management of double-rice fields in southern central China should be encouraged to use green manures along with chemical fertilizers to increase SOC content,improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.
Genetic Analysis of Cryotolerance in Cotton During the Overwintering Period Using Mixed Model of Major Gene and Polygene

The joint analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene was conducted to study the inheritance of cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period.H077(G.hirsutum L.,weak cryotolerance) and H113(G.barbadence L.,strong cryotolerance) were used as parents.Cryotolerance of six generation populations including P1,P2,F1,B1,B2,and F2,from each of the two reciprocal crosses H077×H113 and H113×H077 were all investigated.The results showed that cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period was accorded with two additive major genes and additivedominance polygene genetic model.For cross H077×H113,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 83.62,76.84,and 90.56%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene could only be detected in B2,which was 7.76%.For cross H113×H077,the heritabilities of major genes in B1,B2,and F2 were 67.42,68.95,and 83.40%,respectively;and the heritability of polygene was only detected in F2,which was 6.51%.In addition,the whole heritability in F2 was always higher than that in B1 and B2 in each cross.Therefore,for the cryotolerance breeding of perennial cotton,the method of single cross recombination or single backcross should be adopted to transfer major genes,and the selection in F2 would be more efficient than that in other generations.
Solid-State NMR Spectroscopic Study of Chromophore-Protein Interactions in the Pr Ground State of Plant Phytochrome A

Despite extensive study, the molecular structure of the chromophore-binding pocket of phytochrome A (phyA), the principal photoreceptor controlling photomorphogenesis in plants, has not yet been successfully resolved. Here, we report a series of two-dimensional (2-D) magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments on the recombinant N-terminal, 65-kDa PAS-GAF-PHY light-sensing module of phytochrome A3 from oat (Avena sativa), assembled with uniformly 13C- and 15N-labeled phycocyanobilin (u-[13C,15N]-PCB-As.phyA3). The Pr state of this protein was studied regarding the electronic structure of the chromophore and its interactions with the proximal amino acids. Using 2-D 13C-13C and 1H-15N experiments, a complete set of 13C and 15N assignments for the chromophore were obtained. Also, a large number of 1H-13C distance restraints between the chromophore and its binding pocket were revealed by interfacial heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. 13C doublings of the chromophore A-ring region and the C-ring carboxylate moiety, together with the observation of two Pr isoforms, Pr-I and Pr-II, demonstrate the local mobility of the chromophore and the plasticity of its protein environment. It appears that the interactions and dynamics in the binding pocket of phyA in the Pr state are remarkably similar to those of cyanobacterial phytochrome (Cph1). The N-terminus of the region modeled (residues 56-66 of phyA) is highly mobile. Differences in the regulatory processes involved in plant and Cph1 phytochromes are discussed.
Color stability of FCC gasoline

The color changes of one representative FCC gasoline were studied. The red substance in the FCC gasoline was concentrated and separated by chromatography and analyzed by elemental analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the red substance were found to be aromatic amines. Complexes formed from quinones and aromatic amines are the reason why gasoline being red, and acids can destroy the complex by reaction with aromatic amines leading to decoloration of red gasoline. A mechanism for the color change of gasoline is proposed.
Geochemical characteristics and diagenetic systems of dolomite reservoirs of the Changxing Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin, China

In order to discuss the relationship between dolomite reservoirs and diagenetic systems of the Changxing Formation, we studied carbon, oxygen and strontium stable isotopes, iron, manganese and strontium trace elements and the Mg/Ca (mol%) ratio, dolomite order degree, and determined that burial dolomitization is the key to controlling the distribution of high quality dolomite reservoir in the Changxing Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin. The dolomite of the Changxing Formation is divided into four diagenetic systems: (1) penecontemporaneous stage syngenetic brine diagenetic system, (2) early diagenetic stage strata seal brine diagenetic system, (3) middle-late diagenetic stage mixed hot brine diagenetic system and (4) tectonic uplift stage mixed hydrothermal fluid diagenetic system. New understanding of the controlling factors and distribution of dolomite reservoir development is discussed. Reef shoal facies belts controlled regional reservoir distribution and the scale of development. Burial dolomitization of a strata seal brine diagenetic system is the foundation of reservoir development, mainly developing pore reservoir. Burial dolomitization of mixed hot brine diagenetic system expanded the reservoir distribution and improved the reservoir quality, mainly developing pore-vug reservoir. Fracturing and dissolution of a mixed hydrothermal fluid diagenetic system is the key to improving the reservoir quality, mainly developing pore-vug-crack complex reservoirs.
Phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet based on a criterion function

Phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet is an important issue in high-resolution seismic data processing and interpretation. On the basis of two patterns of constant-phase rotation and root transform for wavelet phase spectrum variation, we introduce six sparse criteria, including Lu’s improved kurtosis criterion, the parsimony criterion, exponential transform criterion, Sech criterion, Cauchy criterion, and the modified Cauchy criterion, to phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet, obtaining an equivalent effect to the kurtosis criterion. Through numerical experiments, we find that when the reflectivity is not a sparse sequence, the estimated phase spectrum of the seismic wavelet based on the criterion function will deviate from the true value. In order to eliminate the influence of non-sparse reflectivity series in a single trace, we apply the method to the multi-trace seismogram, improving the accuracy of seismic wavelet phase spectrum estimation.
2型糖尿病并发乳酸酸中毒及急性肾衰竭1例

1临床资料患者,男,57岁,因反复呕吐胃内容物、解黑色稀大便,约20+次/日,无畏寒、发热、腹痛,伴咳嗽、咳痰。于2011年2月7日13:15急诊入住本院。诉入院前10+年,于外院测空腹血糖15mmol/L,诊断"2型糖尿病",予二甲双胍等口服降糖药治疗。既往史:"十二指肠溃疡"2年,"脑梗死"1年。查体,T:36.5℃,R:20次/分,BP:100/60mm Hg。
腹腔镜手术中发生肺栓塞成功抢救一例

本病例抢救成功：（1）立即停止气腹并使患者头低脚高左侧卧位，使气体滞留于右心房，防治脑的气体栓塞；拍击胸廓及心前区来击碎气泡，予肾上腺素加强心脏收缩力使气体成为泡沫状，逐渐进入肺循环而排除体外：（2）快速建立中心静脉通道来输注抢救药物从而加快了起效速度；（3）纠正酸中毒，给予乌司他丁和甲基强地松龙行脏器保护，故患者未出现神经系统后遗症，恢复良好；（4）积极治疗继发DIC后血小板减少、FIB减少和凝血因子缺乏；（5）可能与CO_2的特殊性有关：弥散系数高且其极易溶于血液和组织血液中，作为机体代谢的终末产物，能很快被机体清除。我院从2007年至2010年共出现3例腹腔镜手术发生的CO_2肺栓塞，1例为腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术，术中出现广泛皮下气肿，术毕45mim后发生CO_2肺栓塞，另1例为腹腔镜肾脏切除术，术中发生了CO_2肺栓塞，均抢救成功，无一例出现后遗症，只有本例出现DIC。
以突发意识障碍起病的双侧丘脑旁正中梗死临床及影像分析(附2例病例报告)

丘脑梗死是临床上脑梗死的一种少见类型,而双侧对称性丘脑梗死的病例临床上更为罕见,国内尚未见该病的精确统计资料,国外文献报道此类梗死占所有脑梗死的0.6%。
手术治疗Ⅱ级急性下肢动脉缺血42例

目的探讨开放性血管外科手术治疗在Ⅱ级急性下肢缺血(ALI)治疗中的应用,并评估手术治疗的安全性及有效性。方法回顾分析因急性下肢缺血行外科手术联合抗凝治疗的42例Ⅱ级ALI患者的临床资料,以手术成功、血运通畅、病死率、截肢率、肢体保全生存率、踝肱指数(ABI)等指标评估患者的手术治疗效果。结果术后38例(90%)患者血栓被取出,阻塞部位血流再通,仅行切开球囊导管取栓术的影像学成功28例(67%)。但动脉狭窄、闭塞并伴急性血栓形成的14例(33%)ALI患者,则需增加球囊扩张、血管移植转流、内膜剥脱等其他术式。术后影像学成功38例(90%);临床成功,+3级21例(50%),+2级8例(19%),+1级5例(12%),0级(没有改善)8例(19%),无0级以下病例。术后平均ABI增加0.71±0.3。术后1、6个月通畅率分别为75%和71%,肢体保全生存率分别为84%和76%,截肢率分别为11.9%和14.2%,病死率分别为12%和14%,ABI值分别为0.81±0.1和0.90±0.2。结论开放性周围血管手术在ALI的治疗中仍是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,但需根据病情及术中动脉通畅情况选择不同的术式。
大兴安岭泥炭地1300年来泥炭藓孢子和炭屑记录及其指示意义

火作为生态环境中敏感的因子越来越受到学者和公众的关注~([1])。火使植被的组成、结构、多样性及净第一性生产力(NPP)、土壤理化性质、大气成分及碳氮循环发生改变,由此形成火-植被-气候间复杂的关系,成为近年来全球变化研究的热点~([2~4])。很多研究表明火对泥炭沼泽的影响显著,火使沼泽变干,改变局地小气候,影响沼泽的自然发育过程。服务
Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance

Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human health.In order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil,combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and the hyperaccumulator,Sedum alfredii Hance was investigated.After treatment for 210 days,the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the controls.The inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and S.alfredii.The shoots/roots ratios of S.alfredii for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to 21.75.The Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for S.alfredii treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for S.alfredii and strain D-6 combined treatment,respectively,compared with that in the control.The population size of the DDTs-degrading strain,Simpson index (1/D) and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased,ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial level.The results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and S.alfredii into soil was found to significantly (p 0.05) enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in S.alfredii.It was concluded that strain D-6 and S.alfredii could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.
Investigating the bona fide differentiation capacity of human pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been perennially paraded as a source of cells for cell replacement therapies because they can (theoretically) give rise to any single cell type within the human body1. Hence, they can create in vitro a vast number of any human cell type to replace the diseased cell population that a patient might require - this is a salient goal that regenerative medicine aspires to deliver on2. However, despite the ever-expanding menagerie of therapeutically relevant differentiated lineages being created from hPSCs, usage of these stem cell-derived progeny for regenerative medicine still remains an uncertainty.
BDNF及其信号通路在酒精成瘾和毒性中的作用

酒精摄入以及由此产生的相关问题已经是人类社会面临的一个重要的公共卫生问题,但是关于其发生的机制和相关应对措施一直没有取得很好的进展。近年来,BDNF(Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor)信号通路被作为药物成瘾研究的靶标，在酒精成瘾和毒性方面也得到了很多研究。本文综述几年来酒精成瘾机制研究取得的一些进展，详细介绍BDNF及其信号通路在酒精成瘾和毒性方面的作用，以及BDNF基因多态性跟酒精依赖和酒精相关特征的关联性，期待能够对国内相关领域的研究人员提供参考。
Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Changes of Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons Exposed to Cadmium in Vitro

Objective To investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of cadmium(Cd) on cerebral cortical neurons.Methods The primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical neurons were treated with different concentrations of cadmium acetate(0,5,10,and 20 μmol/L),and then the cell viability,apoptosis,ultrastructure,intracellular [Ca~(2+)]_i and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels,mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨ),activities of catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured.Results A progressive loss in cell viability and an increased number of apoptotic cells were observed.In addition,Cd-induced apoptotic morphological changes in cerebral cortical neurons were also demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining.Meanwhile,ultrastructural changes were distortion of mitochondrial cristae and an unusual arrangement.Simultaneously,elevation of intracellular [Ca~(2+)]_i and ROS levels,depletion of ΔΨ were revealed in a dose-dependent manner during the exposure.Moreover,CAT and SOD activities in the living cells increased significantly.Conclusion Exposure of cortical neurons to different doses of Cd led to cellular death,mediated by an apoptotic mechanism,and the apoptotic death induced by oxidative stress may be a potential reason.And the disorder of intracellular homeostasis caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be a trigger for apoptosis in cortical neurons.