mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Estimations of Net Primary Productivity and Evapotranspiration Based on HJ-1A/B Data in Jinggangshan City, China

Net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are two key variables in the carbon and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, to test a newly developed NPP algorithm designed for HJ-1 A/B data and to evaluate the usage of HJ-1 A/B data in the quantitative assessment of environments, NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city, Jiangxi province, are calculated using HJ-1 A/B data. The results illustrate the following: (1) The NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city in 2010 both show obvious seasonal variation, with the highest values in summer and the lowest values in winter, and relatively higher values were observed in autumn than in spring. (2) The spatial pattern indicates that the annual NPP is high in the southern area in Jinggangshan city and low in the northern area. Additionally, high NPP is distributed in forests located in areas with high elevation, and low NPP is found in croplands at low elevations. ET has no significant north-south difference, with high values in the southeast and northwest and low values in the southwest, and high ET is distributed in forests at low elevations in contrast to low ET in forests in high-elevation areas and in cropland and shrub grassland in low-elevation areas. (3) Compared to the MODIS product, the range of HJ-1 NPP is larger, and the spatial pattern is more coincident with the topography. The range of HJ-1 ET is smaller than that of the MODIS product, and ET is underestimated to some extent but can reflect the effect of topography. This study suggests that the algorithm can be used to estimate NPP and ET in a subtropical monsoon climateif remotely sensed images with high spatial resolution are available.
The Potential Contribution of Wildlife Sanctuary to Forest Conservation: A Case Study from Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary

Forest vegetation of a protected area (Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary) in Kumaun region (west Himalaya) was analysed for structure, composition and representativeness across three different altitudinal belts, lower (1,600-1,800 m a.s.l.), middle (1,900-2,100 m a.s.l.) and upper (2,200-2,400 m a.s.l.) during 2009-2011 using standard phytosociological methods. Four aspects (east, west, north and south) in each altitudinal belt were chosen for sampling to depict maximum representation of vegetation in the sanctuary. Population structure and regeneration behaviour was analysed seasonally for two years to show the establishment and growth of tree species. A total of 147 plant species were recorded from the entire region of which 27 tree species were selected for detailed study. Highest number was recorded at upper (18 species), and lowest at lower altitudinal belt (15 species). The relative proportion of species richness showed higher contribution of tree layer at each altitudinal belt. The population structure, based on the number of individuals, revealed a greater proportion of seedling layer at each altitudinal belt. The relative proportion of seedlings increases significantly along altitudinal belts (p<0.05) while opposite trends were observed in sapling and tree layers. The density of sapling and seedling species varied non-significantly across seasons (p>0.05). The density values decreased in summer and increased during rainy season. As far as the regeneration status is concerned, middle and upper altitudinal belts showed maximum number of species with fair regeneration as compared to lower altitudinal belt. Overall density diameter distribution of tree species showed highest species density and richness in the smallest girth class and decreased in the succeeding girth classes. This study suggests that patterns of regeneration behaviour would determine future structural and compositional changes in the forest communities. It is suggested that the compositional changes vis-a-vis role of ‘New’ and ‘Not regenerating’ species need priority attention while initiating conservation activities in the sanctuary. This study calls for exploring other less explored Wildlife Sanctuaries in the Himalaya and across the world, to achieve overall biodiversity status in these protected areas and thus to justify their role in conserving biodiversity in the region.
Regional Scale Rainfall- and Earthquake-triggered Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Wudu County, China

Wudu County in northwestern China frequently experiences large-scale landslide events. High-magnitude earthquakes and heavy rainfall events are the major triggering factors in the region. The aim of this research is to compare and combine landslide susceptibility assessments of rainfalltriggered and earthquake-triggered landslide events in the study area using Geographical Information System (GIS) and a logistic regression model. Two separate susceptibility maps were produced using inventories reflecting single landslide-triggering events, i.e., earthquakes and heavy rain storms. Two groups of landslides were utilized: one group containing all landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events between 1995 and 2003 and the other group containing slope failures caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Subsequently, the individual maps were combined to illustrate the locations of maximum landslide probability. The use of the resulting three landslide susceptibility maps for landslide forecasting, spatial planning and for developing emergency response actions are discussed. The combined susceptibility map illustrates the total landslide susceptibility in the study area.
双乳粒细胞肉瘤1例报告

粒细胞肉瘤(GS)又称“绿色瘤”,是一种罕见的发生于髓外由未成熟的髓样细胞构成的髓外实质性肿瘤,易误诊为癌或者非霍奇金淋巴瘤。现将我院收治1例报告如下。
Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium-Hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) Composite Thin Films

Magnesium (Mg)–hydroxyapatite (Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2, abbreviated as HA) composite films have been grown on Mg plates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. Mechanical property measurements and analysis have indicated that hardness and Young's modulus of nMg–(100–n)HA composite coatings increase with Mg content in the coatings and reach a maximum at a 70Mg–30HA composition. n and 100–n in the nMg–(100–n)HA represent the relative number of laser pulses impinging on Mg and HA targets, respectively. Direct current potentiodynamic polarization studies have shown that the corrosion of Mg plate (control) decreases with an increase in the HA ratio in the composite films. For example, the corrosion current density of Mg plate reduces by ～350 times after coating the Mg plate with 10Mg–90HA composite film. The reduction in corrosion current density of Mg plates was also accompanied by a positive shift in the corrosion potential (～6%) due to this coating. The mechanism behind the reduction in corrosion behavior of Mg plates due to nMg–(100–n)HA composite coatings has been understood by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
食管癌分子靶向治疗研究进展

新近流行病学资料显示我国食管癌发病率和死亡率分别占全部恶性肿瘤的第6位和第4位。大部分食管癌患者确诊时已属中晚期,放疗成为食管癌的主要治疗手段。而部分研究显示同期放化疗使食管癌局控率和生存率有了一定提高,可能成为食管癌的标准治疗模式,但总体治疗效果仍不令人满意,亟需探索新的治疗手段来提高疗效。分子靶向治疗是利用肿瘤细胞与正常细胞之间的分子生物学差异,通过封闭受体、抑制血管生成、阻断信号传导等机制作用于肿瘤细胞特定靶点,进而抑制肿瘤生长及转移。分子靶向药物选择性高,抗肿瘤活性强,已成为肿瘤治疗新的发展方向。已有研究表明同期放化疗联合分子靶向治疗可提高食管癌近期缓解率,有效改善患者生存。近年来分子靶向药物治疗食管癌的基础及临床研究越来越受到关注,为食管癌患者提供了新的治疗手段,笔者就目前食管癌靶向治疗分子基础及其临床转化研究进展综述如下。
Use of high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) as a potential phytoremediator for copper-contaminated soils

Copper (Cu) contamination in the environment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities. Biotechnological approaches are needed for bioremediation in these areas. The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) in vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) contaminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii) to characterize the castor bean as a Cu phytoremediation plant; and iii) to evaluate the nutrient uptake by castor bean. Castor bean plants cultivated in soil with toxic levels of Cu for 57 d exhibited high phytomass production, a high tolerance index of roots’ fresh mass and shoots’ dry mass, a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation in the roots and also, a robust capacity for Cu phytostabilization. Furthermore, castor bean plants did not significantly deplete soil nutrients (such as N, P, and Mg) during cultivation. Plants cultivated in Inceptisol, Mollisol and Cu mining waste exhibited a strong potential for Cu phytoaccumulation, with values of 5 900, 3 052 and 2 805 g ha~(-1), respectively. In addition, the castor bean’s elevated phytomass production and strong growth in Cu-contaminated soils indicated a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation and a potential application in biofuels. These findings indicate that the castor bean is a efficient hyperaccumulator of Cu and a potential candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil.
Minimum data set for assessing soil quality in farmland of Northeast China

Soil quality assessment provides a tool for agriculture managers and policy makers to gain a better understanding of how various agricultural systems affect soil resources. Soil quality of Hailun County, a typical soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) growing area located in Northeast China, was evaluated using soil quality index (SQI) methods. Each SQI was computed using a minimum data set (MDS) selected using principal components analysis (PCA) as a data reduction technique. Eight MDS indicators were selected from 20 physical and chemical soil measurements. The MDS accounted for 74.9% of the total variance in the total data set (TDS). The SQI values for 88 soil samples were evaluated with linear scoring techniques and various weight methods. The results showed that SQI values correlated well with soybean yield (r = 0.658**) when indicators in MDS were weighted by the regression coefficient computed for each yield and index. Stepwise regression between yield and principal components (PCs) indicated that available boron (AvB), available phosphorus (AvP), available potassium (AvK), available iron (AvFe) and texture were the main factors limiting soybean yield. The method used to select an MDS could not only appropriately assess soil quality but also be used as a powerful tool for soil nutrient diagnosis at the regional level.
Grain size evidence of multiple origins of red clays in the Jinhua-Quzhou Basin, South China

Six typical red clay profiles were sampled from Tangxi (TX), Langyaz (LYZ), South Shangshanwen (SSW), Xianqiao (XQ), Qijian (QJ) and Huhaitang (HHT) of the Jinhua-Quzhou Basin, Zhejiang Province of China to evaluate the characteristics of grain size composition, distribution and parameters of red clays and to reveal the origin of red clays and interpret possible implications for paleoclimate in subtropical China. The results showed that red clays in TX, LYZ and SSW were fine and uniform, with no > 2 mm gravels and little > 63 μm fraction. They had a high content of 10--50 μm fraction, so-called “basic dust fraction”, and showed unimodal distributions, which were very comparable to those of the Xiashu Loess in southeastern China and the loess in North China. All these features reflected marked aeolian characteristics of the red clays in these areas. Red clays in XQ and QJ were much coarser than those in TX, LYZ and SSW, with high contents of > 63 μm fraction and even containing > 2 mm gravels in some layers. The grain size distribution patterns showed significantly progressive trends from the lower profile to the upmost layer and could not be compared with those of the loess in North China or the Xiashu Loess, implying they might be derived from underlying parent rocks and had some inherited properties from bedrock. Red clays in HHT had high contents of > 63 μm fraction and contain many > 2 mm gravels in each layer. The grain size frequency curves showed multiple-peaks and some abrupt variations were also observed on the profile, revealing its alluvial or diluvial origin in HHT. The multiple origins of red clays reflected the diversity and complexity of the Quaternary environment in South China. It can be concluded that grain size is an effective proxy indicator for the origin of most deposits.
Interfacial reaction process of the hot-pressed WC/2024Al composite

12 vol%WC_p/2024Al composite was fabricated from mixed powders by hot-pressing at various temperatures. Investigation of the interfacial reaction between the WC phase and the Al alloy matrix was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A multiple layer interface structure, which is composed of Al/WAl_(12)/Al_4C_3/WC, is found to form by the interfacial reaction during hot-pressing. Further study shows that the Al_4C_3 layer forms along with a given crystal orientation of WC phase and might retard the interfacial reaction process.
Fabrication and characterization of Al_2O_3-metal composite coating on steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis

Al_2O_3-metal composite coatings with different reactants and diluents were fabricated on mild steel plate with nonpressure combustion synthesis process. The coatings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry, respectively. Thermal shock tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of the coating with the steel substrate. The results indicate that the coating is composed of α-Al_2O_3, α-(Fe–Cr) and Al_2SiO_5 as the main phases. It is found that the coating with the diluents of Al_2O_3–SiO_2 and transition layer of Al_2O_3–Cr presents the highest hardness of 2270 HV0.2 and the lowest porosity of 3.93 %. Owing to a metallurgical bond of the coating-to-substrate, the coating exhibits a good thermal shock resistance.
A Quantum Chemical Investigation on the Antioxidant Activity of Licoisoflavone Derivatives

In this paper, 21 substituents with various electron donating and electron withdra- wing characters were placed in the available positions of Licoisoflavone in order to study their effect on the three O–H bond dissociation enthalpies and ionisation potential via DFT/B3LYP method. Results show that the B-ring is more important than the A-ring from the BDE and IP point of view because the radical structure formed after hydrogen atom abstraction from the 4'-OH group can be stabilized by the resonance between the three rings. The results show that intramolecular hydrogen bonding effects are able to considerably stabilize the parents and radicals. The NBO analysis results also confirmed the intramolecular hydrogen bond stabilization. The formation of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds and suitable spin density distributions in several radicals result in low BDE and IP values. The calculated BDE and IP values have been correlated with Hammett constants. The found dependencies are suitably linear, which can be important for the synthesis of novel antioxidants based on Licoisoflavone.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Three Cadmium(II) Coordination Complexes Based on Flexible 1,2-Bis(imidazol-1'-yl)ethane

Three Cd(II) coordination complexes, {[Cd(bime)_3](NO_3)_2·(H_2O)_3}_n(1),[Cd(bime)Br_2]_n(2) and [(H_2bime)(CdBr_4)(H_2O)]_n(3) (bime = 1,2-bis(imidazol-1'-yl)ethane), have been prepared and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1~3 crystallize in the trigonal space group P-3, monoclinic space group C2/c and triclinic space group Pi, respectively. In 1, bime bridges six-coordinated Cd(II) to generate a two-fold interpenetrating 3D coordination polymer, in which NO_3~- is not involved in coordination, but serves as a void filler to balance the charge of the 3D framework. The six NO_3~- and six uncoordinated water molecules form an unprecedented 24-membered macrocycle through hydrogen bonding interaction. In 2, bime in an anti-conformation links the CdBr_2 units into a zigzag chain. In 3,bime does not take part in coordination, but is protonated to act as a counter cation of [CdBr_4]~(2-). The hydrogen bonds between H_2bime and [CdBr_4]~(2-) result in the formation of a supramolecular chain.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of macroinvertebrates in high altitude reservoir (Beyler Reservoir, Turkey)

A highland reservoir in the West Black Sea region of Turkey which belongs to the Mediterranean climatic zone was examined. Both littoral and profundal zones were sampled from October 2009 to September 2010, to determine taxonomic composition, biodiversity and abundance of benthic invertebrates as well as the seasonal variation of these measures. A total of 35 taxa were identified, of which 12 belong to Chironomidae and 10 to Oligochaeta groups. The highest diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates were found at the littoral stations. Macroinvertebrates showed significant positive correlations with water temperature and NO_2 and NO_3 concentrations, and negative correlation with dissolved oxygen.
Plant-Wide Supply-Demand Forecast and Optimization of Byproduct Gas System in Steel Plant

Considerable energy is consumed during steel manufacturing process. Byproduct gas emerges as secondary energy in the process; however, it is also an atmospheric pollution source if it is released into the air. Therefore, the optimal utilization of byproduct gas not only saves energy but also protects environment. To solve this issue, a forecast model of gas supply, gas demand and surplus gas in a steel plant was proposed. With the progress of energy conservation, the amount of surplus gas was very large. In a steel plant, the surplus gas was usually sent to boilers to generate steam. However, each boiler had an individual efficiency. So the optimization of the utilization of surplus gas in boilers was a key topic. A dynamic programming method was used to develop an optimal utilization strategy for surplus gas. Finally, a case study providing a sound confirmation was given.
《药理学》网络资源平台的设计与构建

网络课程是在网络环境下开展教学的一种有效且实用的利用教学资源的载体形式。而优质的网络课程则依赖于先进的网络资源平台,它不但为学生提供个性化的自主学习空间和丰富的学习资源,充分体现以“学生为本”的科学发展观,同时,也能促进教师去不断学习现代信息教学技术,收集与制作网络教学资料,实现以传统教学与网络教学相结合,教师导学与学生自主学习相结合,课堂学习与课外学习相结合的教学模式。然而,近年来开发具有特色的《药理学》网络资源自主学习平台的学校并不多,各校以精品课程建设为主,教学资源多以演示型居多,而过程型、交互型、知识管理型和评价型资源较少。因此,为了让教学活动更富有开放性、趣味性、实用性,作者结合本校药学专业学生学习特点及就业岗位需求,设计并构建了可供教师进行教学和学生自主学习的《药理学》网络资源平台,本文将从设计思路、模块组成及功能、网络资源平台在教师教学中的作用等方面进行介绍,旨在提高教师对网络教学方法的认识与应用、改进与创新。
听神经病的诊治和相关研究(二)

现阶段对于听神经病(Auditory Neuropathy,AN)的临床干预,以助听器(Hearing Aids,HA)和人工耳蜗(Cochlear Implant,CI)为主,药物治疗AN仍处于摸索阶段。关于HA和CI的效果,现有文献比较主流的结论是,AN患者可以从HA和CI获得不同程度的听力功能改善,但个体差异较大,CI对听觉言语的改善效果更为确切。
潜水气瓶余压监测灯光报警装置的设计

气瓶是常用的移动式压力容器,使用量大、范围广,可以反复充装。潜水员在水下进行查勘、打捞、修理和水下工程等作业时通常会携带潜水装置,主要包括供水下作业用的呼吸装置和高压氧气瓶,在水下作业中会不断消耗气瓶中的氧气,需通过监测气瓶余压来掌握氧气余量,以保证在氧气用尽之前返回水面,防止发生潜水事故。本研究设计了潜水气瓶余压监测灯光报警装置。
高压氧综合治疗听神经瘤术后面瘫的疗效观察

听神经瘤是好发于桥小脑角的良性肿瘤,多起源于前庭神经,准确地应该称之为前庭神经鞘膜瘤。此瘤多始于内耳,生长速度缓慢,手术切除仍是目前的主要治疗手段。有研究发现听神经瘤复发率约为12. 5%,与多种因素有关。因其术后常遗留有面神经瘫痪或其他神经功能缺失而行高压氧治疗。笔者对此作了相关研究。现报道如下。
肩关节粘连松解术后气压弹道式冲击波治疗冻结肩的疗效观察

肩周炎是一种中老年人常见疾病,其主要临床特征为肩周疼痛和肩关节活动障碍。冻结肩是由于肩关节周围肌肉、肌腱、滑囊和关节囊等软组织的慢性炎症、粘连引起的以肩关节周围疼痛、功能障碍为主要症状的一组临床表现,其治疗方法很多。如物理、针灸等治疗,臂丛神经阻滞下行肩关节粘连松解术是治疗肩周炎冻结肩的有效方法之一,但术后部分患者存在再次粘连,术后恢复较慢等问题。本研究旨在比较臂丛神经阻滞下行肩关节粘连松解术后冲击波治疗与肩胛上神经阻滞治疗冻结肩的疗效差异。
婴幼儿听力损失的早期诊断评估及干预(4)

听力诊断评估听力学诊断评估首要目的是确定有无听力损失,其次是对有听力损失耳的听力损失类型、程度和听力曲线构型进行评估,最后评价整个听觉系统功能的完整性,以便确定干预方法。理想的听力诊断应包括定性、定位、定量和病因诊断,当然听力损失病因诊断在多数情况下还是很难做到。
某石化总厂噪声环境作业人员听力状况调查

目的了解某石化总厂噪声作业人员听力状况,探讨噪声环境是否对其造成听觉损伤,为企业监督管理提供依据。方法选择某石化厂1 033名噪声环境作业人员作为调查组,同厂200名不接触噪声的管理人员作为对照组,均进行纯音听阈测试,了解听力损失情况,并分析年龄、工龄及噪声强度与噪声性听力损伤的关系。结果调查组中,排除125名非噪声性听力损失(中耳疾病,不包括中耳疾病合并噪声性听力损失)者,其余908名噪声作业人员中,听力正常555人(61.12%),轻度高频听力损失301人(33.15%),双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB HL、但较好耳语频听阈正常者(噪声岗位观察对象)47人(5.18%),轻度噪声性听力损失4人(0.44%),中度噪声性听力损失1人(0.11%)。对照组中,轻度高频听力损失17人(8.50%),噪声岗位观察对象6人(3.0%)。调查组轻度高频听力损失及噪声岗位观察对象检出率均明显高于对照组;噪声性听力损失与作业人员的年龄、工龄以及接触的噪声岗位强度有关。结论噪声作业人员高频听力损失发生率明显高于普通人群。随着作业人员的年龄、工龄增长以及接触的噪声强度提高,噪声性听力损失呈现逐渐加重的趋势。
蛙血清去蛋白提取物保护大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制

目的探讨蛙血清去蛋白提取物保护大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制。方法将90只SD大鼠随机分为6组:假术组、模型组、小牛血清去蛋白组(20 mg/kg),蛙血清去蛋白提取物高、中、低剂量(90、30、10 mg/kg)组,每组15只。术前1 w开始,1次/d,造模当天于手术前1 h给药,再灌注后1 h给药。建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,采用化学比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-1β含量,采用火焰原子吸收法测定脑组织钙离子(Ca~(2+))含量。结果与模型组比较,蛙血清去蛋白提取物高、中剂量组神经损伤程度明显改善,升高脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织的SOD、GSH-Px水平,显著降低MDA、TNF-α和IL-1β及大鼠脑组织含水量和Ca~(2+)水平(P<0.05)。HT6H结论HT6SS蛙血清去蛋白提取物可能通过提高抗氧化能力、抑制炎症起始因子、阻滞Ca~(2+)超载来防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的发生。
针灸防治缺血性脑卒中的临床规律

目的分析针灸防治缺血性脑卒中的临床文献,总结其经、穴、法临床应用规律。方法检索1992年1月至2012年3月中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据资源系统中针灸治疗相关疾病的临床研究文献,建立Excel数据库。结果共纳入文献95篇,所选经脉涉及十四经脉,阳经经脉占69.69%,阴经经脉占30.31%,手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经的使用频率最高,占16.59%;在腧穴统计中,使用频次排名前5位的是合谷、足三里、曲池、三阴交、肩髃;治疗方法以毫针刺法为主,占74.74%,单纯使用泻法为多,多种针灸疗法综合应用。结论针灸防治缺血性脑卒中应重用阳经,兼顾阴经,阴阳同调;针对病位重用头针,兼顾症状局部取穴;针灸方法以毫针为主,泻法为多,多种疗法综合运用。
净水厂提升泵汽蚀故障分析与改进措施探讨

对闵行水厂的提升泵站在运行过程中轴流泵叶片发生断裂的现象进行分析,认为由于运行工况改变较大引起轴流泵运行在小流量区域,泵内部撞击、二次流等现象,同时受来流不均匀及叶轮与池底的垂直距离小等原因,造成泵内部汽蚀程度严重,在多种因素的共同作用下使得叶片断裂。 因此,采用高比转速斜流泵替代轴流泵的优化设计,对斜流泵叶轮采用CFD数值计算方法进行性能预测及外特性试验研究,并优化斜流泵的水力设计,实际使用效果表明,采用高比转速斜流泵替代轴流泵有利于降低泵内部的汽蚀现象。
论污水处理技术的未来发展—从处理到资源回收

污水处理最初的目的是为了保护下游居住者的用水安全。长期以来,以活性污泥法为代表的生物处理工艺在消除污水中的有机污染、氮和磷营养物中发挥了积极作用。然而受工艺原理本身的限制,传统活性污泥法存在高耗能、低资源回收、高排碳等问题。活性污泥法由于需要通过曝气给微生物分解污染物供氧,其曝气能耗高达总能耗的40%?50%。如我国城市污水年排放量按400亿m~3,曝气能耗成本按0.15元/m~3计算,则每年处理城市污水的曝气能耗超过60亿元。而另一方面,污水中所含的碳、氮、磷物质,还有水本身,都是有价资源。这些资源在污水处理过程中被消耗或排放,造成资源的大量浪费。这种高能耗、低资源回收的处理模式与当今社会的节能减排、节约资源的发展战略相矛盾。因此,需要改变传统污水处理的模式和观念,未来的污水处理模式应由传统的“必须从污水中去除什么”转变为“能够从污水中回收到什么”,将污水处理由不得已的行为(污染物去除、达标排放等)转变为持续的积极行动(能源回收、物质回收、水再生等)。本文在分析污水中的有价资源的基础上,综述有关碳、氮、磷资源的转化和回收方法,并对未来污水处理模式和集成工艺进行展望。
中药单体逆转肿瘤多药耐药研究进展

目的:为逆转肿瘤多药耐药研究及寻找高效低毒耐药逆转剂提供参考。方法:查阅国内、外相关文献,综述近年来已报道的中药单体成分逆转肿瘤多药耐药研究现状,从逆转多药耐药的经典、非经典及多靶点作用的角度阐述中药单体的肿瘤耐药逆转作用。结果与结论:许多低毒高效的中药单体成分具有逆转肿瘤多药耐药的作用,正成为近年来的研究热点。中药单体逆转肿瘤多药耐药主要是通过下调膜转运蛋白表达、影响酶转移系统及抑制抗凋亡通路激活和抗凋亡基因表达而实现。
汶川地震灾区恢复重建的再思考

2013年7月上旬,四川遭受了今年入汛以来范围最广的暴雨天气过程,10个县降水总量为1961年以来同期最大。特大暴雨使汶川地震灾区再次遭受重创,引发的地质灾害点之多、基础设施破坏之重、河道河床变形之强、人员伤亡之大,都非常罕见,特别是都江堰中兴镇三溪村的特大山体滑坡一泥石流灾害,更是损失惨痛。大家不禁追问,稍稍出现生机的汶川地震灾后重建区到底怎么了?让人引以自豪的灾后重建项目为何遭受如此重击?这样的地质灾害还会持续多长时间?我们需要总结和探索哪些新的防灾措施以避免灾难重演?
The MAP/PH/N Retrial Queue in a Random Environment

We consider the MAP/PH/N retrial queue with a finite number of sources operating in a finite state Markovian random environment. Two different types of multi-dimensional Markov chains are investigated describing the behavior of the system based on state space arrangements. The special features of the two formulations are discussed. The algorithms for calculating the stationary state probabilities are elaborated, based on which the main performance measures are obtained, and numerical examples are presented as well.
血液肿瘤治疗中嵌合抗原受体基因修饰T淋巴细胞作用

T淋巴细胞在肿瘤免疫应答中起主要作用,基于T细胞的过继性细胞免疫治疗(adoptive cellular immunotherapy, ACI)在血液肿瘤中取得了一定的效果。由于治疗特异性差,早期ACI对血液肿瘤进行免疫治疗的疗效并不十分理想。近年发展起来的嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor, CAR)基因修饰的T淋巴细胞(以下简称CART细胞)技术是一种非常有前景的新的ACI,其突出特点是高度特异性、非组织相容性抗原(MHC)限制性及强烈而持久的杀瘤效应。多种血液肿瘤细胞表面表达特异性抗原,这也就为 CART细胞技术提供了良好的免疫治疗靶点。CD19和 CD20可以作为B淋巴细胞白血病的治疗靶点,CD33可以作为髓细胞白血病的治疗靶点,CD30和CD22可以作为淋巴瘤的治疗靶点。近年来对恶性血液肿瘤的CART细胞技术的研究进展很快,本文就CAR结构及CAR T细胞技术在血液肿瘤治疗中的作用做一综述。
颈部巨大溃疡致困难气道一例

讨论困难气道是指具有5年以上临床经验的麻醉医师在行面罩通气和(或)气管插管时遇到困难,发生率约1%?5%. 在麻醉相关死亡的病例中,70%的死亡病例是呼吸道问题所致。基层医院缺少纤维支气管镜及可视喉镜,对困难气道的处理经验尚不足,尤其对于颈部巨大溃疡所致的困难气道更属罕见。喉罩源于英国,已被广泛用于临床麻醉,优点颇多。在基层医院使用喉罩能够解决困难插管的燃眉之急,但尚存一些局限性及风险,如体位改变后通气不良、漏气、气道压力高及呕吐、误吸等。通过本例患者的处理,更加体会到术前访视的重要性。在术前访视中由于颈部伤口包扎较厚重,无法看到伤口情况,对后仰度的判断不足。对于预知的困难气道,麻醉前要在人员、设备及插管方法等方面充分准备;对于未能预知的困难气道,要及时求助,诱导时,尽可能预先给氧,延长无通气时间,从而增加对缺氧的耐受性。同时还要选择适当的诱导方法,在现有条件下可以行清醒插管。还要注意肌松药的选择,在给肌松药前,常规试行面罩通气,如果通气困难,应慎用肌松药。因对此类特殊患者的处理缺乏经验,术前估计不足,如采用清醒插管,将会大大增加麻醉安全性。但本例患者诱导时选择用琥珀胆碱,而非常规使用的中、长效肌松药是正确的选择。同时,要不断加强低年资医师的气管插管操作基本功的训练。
肌肉松弛药合理应用的专家共识(2013)

随着全身麻醉的增加,肌肉松弛药(肌松药)应用明显增多。随着临床应用肌松药的种类增加和经验积累,有必要对《肌肉松弛药合理应用的专家共识(2009)》进行修订,以指导更合理和安全地应用肌松药。
中医药对HAART后免疫重建功能的影响研究

艾滋病是由感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)后引起的一种传染病,其特征为HIV特异性地攻击处于人体免疫系统中枢地位的CD4~+T淋巴细胞,造成CD4~+T淋巴细胞数量进行性减少,机体免疫系统功能缺陷,导致并发一系列机会性感染和相关肿瘤,严重者可导致死亡。HAART的出现是艾滋病领域里程碑式的突破,取得了良好的进展。但由于其毒副反应、耐药性、机会性感染、免疫重建炎症综合症以及价格昂贵等原因,使HAART在发展中国家的应用受到了限制,并约20%~30%的患者应用HAART后无法实现免疫功能的恢复,快速进展到艾滋病晚期,该部分患者死亡率明显升高。
"天地图·南京"经营模式研究

"天地图"已从集中建设期转向后期运行和服务经营期。本文在梳理经营划分的基础上,通过SWOT分析法分析"天地图·南京"的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,指出目前阶段下"天地图·南京"的经营模式。
InSAR技术在海岛(礁)测量中的应用

针对海岛(礁)地形测绘面临的困难,应用雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术提取海岛(礁)数字高程模型及海岛岸线。介绍雷达干涉测量的基本原理及数据处理流程,利用厦门地区的ERS-1/2串联飞行的雷达数据进行相关试验,提取某海岛的数字高程模型;提出一种基于InSAR相干图的海岛岸线自动提取方法,该方法主要通过对InSAR技术生成的相干图进行自适应阈值分割、边缘检测等处理,自动获取海岛岸线信息。试验证明InSAR技术是进行不易/不宜到达的海岛(礁)地形测绘的一种有效的技术手段。