mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Effect of agitation on the characteristics of air dense medium fluidization

In order to study the effect of agitation on the characteristics of air dense medium fluidization, we designed and constructed an agitation device. Analyses were then conducted on the fluidization characteristics curves, the bed density stability and the average bubble rise velocity Ua under different agitation conditions. The results indicated that a lower bed pressure drop(without considering lower gas velocity in a fixed bed stage) and higher minimum fluidized velocity are achieved with increasing agitation speed. The height d(distance between the lower blades and air distribution plate) at which the agitation paddle was located had a considerable effect on the stability of the bed density at 9.36 cm/s < U < 10.70 cm/s. The higher the value of d, the better the stability, and the standard deviation of the bed density fluctuation ρ dropped to 0.0364 g/cm~3 at the ideal condition of d= 40 mm. The agitation speed also had a significant influence on the fluidization performance, and ρ was only 0.0286 g/cm~3 at an agitation speed of N= 75 r/min. The average bubble rise velocity decreased significantly with increasing agitation speed under the operating condition of 1.50 cm/s < U-U_(mf) < 3.50 cm/s. This shows that appropriate agitation contributes to a significant improvement in the fluidization quality in a fluidized bed, and enhances the separation performance of a fluidized bed.
Theoretical analysis of a new segmented anchoring style in weakly cemented soft surrounding rock

According to the tensile failure of rock bolt in weakly cemented soft rock, this paper presents a new segmented anchoring style in order to weaken the cumulative effect of anchoring force associated with the large deformation. Firstly, a segmented mechanical model was established in which free and anchoring section of rock bolt were respectively arranged in different deformation zones. Then, stress and displacement in elastic non-anchoring zone, elastic anchoring zone, elastic sticking zone, softening sticking zone and broken zone were derived respectively based on neural theory and tri-linear strain softening constitutive model of soft rock. Results show that the anchoring effect can be characterized by a supporting parameter β. With its increase, the peak value of tangential stress gradually moves to the roadway wall, and the radial stress significantly increases, which means the decrease of equivalent plastic zone and improvement of confining effect provided by anchorage body. When β increases to 0.72, the equivalent plastic zone disappears, and stresses tend to be the elastic solutions. In addition, the anchoring effect on the displacement of surrounding rock can be quantified by a normalization factor δ.
Geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan, Canada

This paper investigates the geotechnical behavior of uranium mill tailings from Saskatchewan, Canada. The 4% tailings were well-graded with 29% fines whereas the 5% and 6% tailings were gap-graded with 49% fines. All samples exhibited a negligible strength(0.4 kPa) up to 60% solids, followed by a rapid increase. The 4% tailings exhibited a lower rate and amount of settlement than 5% and 6% tailings. The k_i decreased from 10~(-2) to 10~(-4) m/s with a decrease in e_i from 16 to 4 and a decrease in ef from 8 to 4 such that 4% tailings showed one order of magnitude lower values than the 5% and 6% tailings. The settling potential decreased ten times(50%-5%) for 4% tailings and four times(60%-15%) for 5% and 6% tailings. The effective stress increased from 80 to 260 Pa in the settling tests. The 4% tailings were less prone to segregation when compared with 5% and 6% tailings. The average solids content after settling was 35% for 4% tailings, 40% for 5% tailings and 39% for 6% tailings with a solids content deviation of±3%,±8%,±6%, respectively. All materials were essentially non-segregating at 40% initial solids.
藏象学说中“己土”理论实质探讨

《滴天髓征义》曾引证,矛盾辨证法,为一切学术理论之龟镜。其中,阴阳五行制害、调平,不仅为经典象术学奠定了根基,其对于中医原创思维的构建,亦具有不可忽视之价值。
酒仙茅炮制工艺的正交试验优选

目的优选酒炙仙茅的炮制工艺。方法以仙茅苷、苔黑酚葡萄糖苷、水溶性浸出物的含量为综合评价指标,选择黄酒比例、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验优选酒炙仙茅的炮制工艺。结果酒炙仙茅的最佳炮制工艺为每100kg仙茅加10kg黄酒,于100 ~ 110℃炒制10min。结论优化的酒炙仙茅工艺合理可行。
合成毒品问题的治理对策研究

近年来,我国滥用合成毒品问题日趋严重,不仅严重侵害人民群众特别是青少年身心健康,影响家庭和谐幸福,而且极易引发自伤自残、劫持人质、交通肇事、寻衅滋事等行为,严重危害公共安全。鉴于合成毒品滥用场所更加隐蔽,公安机关发现查处难度增大,社会面大量隐性滥用合成毒品人员未被发现登记,被责令社区戒毒、社区康复的滥用合成毒品成瘾人员存在脱管失控问题。面对禁毒工作出现的新问题,有必要重新梳理和调整合成毒品的治理对策。
右胸前第3肋间小切口心脏瓣膜手术129例

目的总结右胸前第3肋间小切口瓣膜置换/ 成形术的技术要点。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年6月我院行右胸前第3肋间小切口心脏瓣膜手术129例的临床资料,其中男57例、女72例,年龄23~ 65(42±17)岁。瓣膜病变患者股动静脉插管建立体外循环、经右胸前第3肋间小切口行瓣置换/ 成形术,其中行二尖瓣置换术49例,二尖瓣成形术21例,主动脉瓣置换术33例,二尖瓣+ 主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换术26例。结果129例手术均顺利完成,切口长度5~ 7cm,无感染及神经系统并发症发生,住院时间10~ 14d,均痊愈出院。随访1~ 30个月,患者心功能改善,无死亡病例。结论右胸前第3肋间小切口行瓣膜手术安全可靠,创伤小并具有美容效果。
从《诊家枢要》论定五脏法

以《诊家枢要》一书为出发点,着重讨论呼吸沉浮定五脏法、指下轻重定五脏法、寸关尺分候五脏法3种诊法之间的关系及在脉诊中的作用,发现3种脉法在诊察部位、诊察内容、诊察对象上存在一定差异。呼吸沉浮定五脏法与指下轻重定五脏法之间,在描述及理论基础上虽略有差异,但其实际内容与临床意义基本相同。呼吸沉浮定五脏法、指下轻重定五脏法与寸关尺分候五脏之间为部分与整体之间的关系,寸关尺分候五脏法较前两者差异较大,具有一定的互补作用,在临床中可协助运用。
《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中“家”字注解及临床指导意义

“家”字多次出现于《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中,形成了具有特定含义的“家”字中医专业词语,其中一类指脏腑,另一类指患者。寓意“患者”的“家”字专业词语又可分为四小类:一是素病类患者;二是体质偏颇类患者;三是现病类患者;四是兼证类患者。寓意“患者”的“家”字专业词语及其条文,在临床遣方用药时具有重要的临床意义。
结直肠癌肝转移分子机制研究进展

目前,结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)仍有许多内在问题需要认识及厘清,尤其是肝转移的发生机制。尽管早前有 “土壤学说”、“首关效应学说”等来进行阐述,但依然莫衷一是。本文将就CRLM分子机制的新进展做一概述,期望为CRLM的防治提供一些新的思路。
倾向性评分匹配在非随机对照研究中的应用

非随机对照研究与随机对照研究相比研究对象入选标准相对宽松,外推性更佳,因此在人群研究中应用广泛。但由于无法随机化,混杂因素在处理组和对照组之间的分布可能不均衡,导致处理因素和结局的关系受混杂因素干扰。在数据的分析阶段,非随机对照研究对混杂因素的控制可通过分层分析或多因素分析,但如果组间特征差异过大,则可能对研究结果产生无法以分析方法弥补的偏倚,且当混杂因素数量过多时以上方法也存在局限性。
基于DEA的全国中医类医疗卫生资源配置效率评价

目的对全国近期的中医类卫生资源配置效率进行研究,探讨其影响因素,为进一步优化中医类卫生资源配置提出政策建议。方法采用数据包络分析(DEA)对2013年全国中医类卫生资源配置效率进行横向分析评价。结果2013年全国中医类卫生资源配置的综合效率平均值为0.48。纯技术效率有效的省市有10个,纯技术有效比例为33.33%。规模效率平均值为0.85,规模效率有效的省市有8个,规模有效比例为26.67%。结论政府通过制定科学的区域卫生规划,统一布局医疗卫生资源,扩大对中医类机构的扶持力度,中医类机构要改进管理水平,优化资源结构,重视中医特色,形成核心竞争力。
职业病防治绩效影响因素分析

目的确定影响职业病防治绩效的影响因素。方法采用偏最小二乘回归法建立绩效指数及其影响因素的回归模型。结果人均GDP、规模以上工业万元增加值能耗、财政赤字率、第二产业比重、城镇登记失业率和职业病危害因素接触率与绩效指数呈负相关,R&D投入占GDP的比例、规模以上工业产值中高新技术产业比重、卫生技术人员千人拥有量、大专以上文凭所占比重与绩效指数呈正相关。结论优化产业结构,加速粗放型经济向集约型经济的转化是改善职业病防治绩效的关键。
武汉市糖尿病及HIV /AIDS人群的肺结核筛查结果分析

目的了解武汉市糖尿病患者和HIV /AIDS人群中的肺结核流行情况,为更有效地开展肺结核防治工作提供科学依据。方法随机整群抽取该市两个区的所有糖尿病患者和HIV /AIDS感染者进行肺结核筛查。结果共调查糖尿病患者2764例,活动性肺结核患病率为36.18 /10万,非活动性肺结核患病率与年龄呈显著正相关,且男性明显高于女性;共调查HIV /AIDS感染者88例,活动性肺结核患病率为2272.73 /10万,与全国及全省结核病流行病学调查中普通人群的患病率相比均显偏高。结论糖尿病及HIV /AIDS人群中的肺结核疫情不容忽视,积极开展两病双向筛查的同时,需采取有针对性地预防和治疗措施。
天宝全站仪均匀扫描功能应用

自1990年率先推出机器人型全站仪以来,天宝一直致力于全站仪跟踪技术、测量技术等的创新,从而促进行业整体的进步。2005年,天宝推出了具有磁驱伺服技术和精密定点技术的S6全站仪,并在其基础上进一步整合了影像技术,从而推出了具有扫描功能的VX全站仪。现在天宝S系列全站仪再次全面升级,将扫描、影像和测量集成在一起,以提供更多的解决方案。其中扫描功能从传统的标准扫描升级到SureScan均匀扫描。
Assessing the effects of surface-bound humic acid on the phototoxicity of anatase and rutile TiO_2 nanoparticles in vitro

In this study, the cytotoxicity of two different crystal phases of TiO_2 nanoparticles, with surfacemodification by humic acid (HA), to Escherichia coli,was assessed. The physicochemical properties of TiO_2 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized. Three different initial concentrations, namely 50, 100, and 200 ppm, of HA were used for synthesis of HA coated TiO_2 nanoparticles (denoted as A/RHA50, A/RHA100, and A/RHA200, respectively). Results indicate that rutile (LC_(50) (concentration that causes 50% mortality compared the control group) = 6.5) was more toxic than anatase (LC_(50) = 278.8) under simulated sunlight (SSL) irradiation, possibly due to an extremely narrow band gap. It is noted that HA coating increased the toxicity of anatase, but decreased that of rutile. Additionally, AHA50 and RHA50 had the biggest differences compared to uncoated anatase and rutile with LC_(50) of 201.9 and 21.6, respectively.Wethen investigated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by TiO_2 nanoparticles in terms of hydroxyl radicals (UOH) and superoxide anions (O_2~–). Data suggested that O_2~– was the main ROS that accounted for the higher toxicity of rutile upon SSL irradiation. We also observed that HA coating decreased the generation of UOH and O_2~– on rutile, but increased O_2~– formation on anatase. Results from TEM analysis also indicated that HA coated rutile tended to be attached to the surface of E. coli more than anatase.
多视角影像自动化实景三维建模的生产与应用

多视角摄影是近年国际上新兴发展的航空摄影技术。本文依托项目介绍了以多视角航摄获取的多视影像数据采用基于图像的自动化建模技术进行数字城市实景三维模型数据生产的技术和流程;进行了数据成果的质量检测及评定,并据此对数据成果进行了相应的分析;最后结合该技术陈述了笔者的观点,对于多视角摄影测量技术的应用和实景三维模型数据的自动化生产具有较好的参考作用。
POS辅助车载组合全景影像路面角点特征匹配算法

推荐了一种车载组合全景相机影像路面角点特征的匹配方法。路面到摄站的距离近,基高比大,是良好的区域网平差模型连接点,但是路面纹理匮乏,影像中存在移动物体和较为严重的尺度变化和仿射变形,难以匹配到正确的同名点。本文利用路面在一定范围内可近似为水平面的特点,根据相机与路面的距离确定近似路面,将影像路面角点投影到重叠影像,将同名点定位在一个小的矩形范围内;通过POS数据确定角点对应同名核线,矩形区域内距离核线最近的角点即为同名像点。本文匹配方法可获得一定数量的正确匹配同名点,显著降低了误匹配,内点率高,可以进一步精确估计像对间的基础矩阵,为其他地物的匹配提供了约束。
The morphological identification of Protoperidinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) species on the coasts of China

The classification and identification for Protoperidinium species are the most difficult work during its taxonomic study. In this research, taxonomic status of Protoperidinium was clarified by tracing its taxonomic history, 23 species belong to genus Protoperidinium on the coasts of China were preliminarily identified, and morphological description and plate patterns were given for each species. The key differences of similar species were also discussed in this study, we believe that P. oceanicum and P. murry, P. tumidum and P. fatulipes, P. globules and P. majus are separate species; P. diabolum should be treated as the valid name instead of the reported names Peridinium globosum or Peridinium longipes; the taxonomic relationship between P. punctulatum and P. subinerme requires further study.
Gorgan Bay: a microcosm for study on macrobenthos speciesenvironment relationships in the southeastern Caspian Sea

The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthos community characteristics and environmental conditions (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sand, silt and clay) was investigated throughout the Gorgan Bay in June 2010. Principal components analysis (PCA) based on environmental data separated eastern and western stations. The maximum (4 500 ind./m~2) and minimum (411 ind./m~2) densities were observed at Stas 1 and 6, respectively. Polychaeta was the major group and Streblospio gynobranchiata was dominant species in the bay. According to Distance Based Linear Models results, macrofaunal total density was correlated with silt percentage and salinity and these two factors explaining 64% of the variability while macrofaunal community structure just correlated with salinity (22% total variation). In general, western part of the bay showed the highest number of species and biodiversity while, the highest density was found at Sta. 1 and in the middle part of the bay. Furthermore, relationship between diversity indices and macrobenthic species with measured factors is also discussed. Our results confirm the effect of salinity as an important factor on distribution of macrobenthic fauna in south Caspian brackish waters.
Evaluation of diagnostic ratios of medium and serious weathered oils from five different oil sources

Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate oil weathering process, a medium to long term weathering process for 210-d, using samples collected from five different oil resources. Based on relative deviation and repeatability limit analysis about indexes of these samples, the results show there had been significant changes in diagnostic ratios among the initial and weathered samples of different oils during this process. Changes of selected n-alkane diagnostic ratios of all oil samples displayed more obviously than diagnostic ratios of terpanes, steranes and PAHs in this process. Almost all selected diagnostic ratios of terpanes, steranes and PAHs can be efficiently used in tracking sources of hydrocarbon pollution, differentiating from the n-alkane diagnostic ratios. In these efficient diagnostic ratios, only four ratios maintained good stability in the weathering processes and are more suitable because their relative deviation (RSD) are lower than 5%.
Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents from various sources to combat microbial resistance. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid to antimicrobial activity screening and evaluating methods. Several bioassays such as disk-diffusion, well diffusion and broth or agar dilution are well known and commonly used, but others such as flow cytofluorometric and bioluminescent methods are not widely used because they require specified equipment and further evaluation for reproducibility and standardization, even if they can provide rapid results of the antimicrobial agent's effects and a better understanding of their impact on the viability and cell damage inflicted to the tested microorganism. In this review article, an exhaustive list of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and detailed information on their advantages and limitations are reported.
First-principles calculation on electronic properties of B and N co-doping carbon nanotubes

We apply the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional calculation to study the (2,3) nanotube codoped with various compositions of nitrogen and boron atoms. We find that the bandgaps and other properties of doped nanotubes oscillate with the doped compositions. Our study should shed light on the understanding of the properties of doped small nanotubes. This might have potential in designing new nano electronic-devices.
Increasing Solidification Rate of M2 High-Speed Steel Ingot by Fusible Metal Mold

As one of the most popular used high-speed steels, M2 possesses excellent hardness and toughness as cutting tools. Networks of eutectic carbides distributing in the inter-dendritic region are academically considered to be the typical microstructure of M2, which can be refined by increasing cooling rate. In this paper, a novel casting method named fusible metal mold (FMM) is employed to refine the microstructure of M2 high-speed steel. Results show that FMM casting method can improve cooling rate by 100% without any contamination of the melts' composition.
我国古代法医学检验制度对当代法医学鉴定的启示

我国古代关于法医学尸体检验的记载最早可追溯到公元前一千年左右的春秋战国时期,受历史条件的影响,古代的尸体检验仅限于尸表检查,从事检验的人员一般是官吏而不是大夫,但这并不影响古代司法体制对于尸体检验的重视。宋慈在《洗冤集录》中写道“狱事莫重于大辟,大辟莫重于初情,初情莫重于检验”可以概括出尸体检验的重要性。不仅如此,古人在尸体检验过程中积累了很多经典的方法,很多沿用至今。同时,尸体检验文书也很有特色,北宋以后,历代都有明文规定的验尸格式,宋代有验状和验尸格目,元代有检尸法式和初复检尸体式,清代的尸格和尸图一直沿用到新中国成立以后。民国初期颁布的《刑事诉讼律》和《解剖规则》是现代法医学诞生的标志,之后发展出很多分支,法医病理学作为经典分支,其尸体解剖比尸表检查更加准确与科学,但由于其受限于当代医学的发展,一直难有明显的突破。本文重新梳理我国古代法医学的尸体检验制度,以期对当代法医学的发展有所启示。
Space station short-term mission planning using ontology modelling and time iteration

This paper studies the problem of the space station short-term mission planning, which aims to allocate the executing time of missions effectively, schedule the corresponding resources reasonably and arrange the time of the astronauts properly. A domain model is developed by using the ontology theory to describe the concepts, constraints and relations of the planning domain formally, abstractly and normatively. A method based on time iteration is adopted to solve the short-term planning problem. Meanwhile, the resolving strategies are proposed to resolve different kinds of conflicts induced by the constraints of power, heat, resource, astronaut and relationship. The proposed approach is evaluated in a test case with fifteen missions, thirteen resources and three astronauts. The results show that the developed domain ontology model is reasonable, and the time iteration method using the proposed resolving strategies can successfully obtain the plan satisfying all considered constraints.
Evaluation of ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar Geochronology of Authigenic Illites in Determining Hydrocarbon Charge Timing: A Case Study from the Silurian Bituminous Sandstone Reservoirs, Tarim Basin, China

The Silurian bituminous sandstones (SBS) in the Tarim Basin, China are important basinwide reservoirs with an estimated area of approximately 249000 km2. We investigated the ages of authigenic illites in the SBS reservoirs and constrained their formation timing by using the ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar step wise heating method. The age spectra, ~(39)Ar recoil loss and their controlling factors were investigated systematically. The ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages were compared with the conventional K/Ar ages of identical clay fractions. The clay in the SBS reservoirs is dominated by orderly mixed-layer illite/ smectite (I/S) with 5%–30% smectite layers. The I/S minerals morphology comprises primarily honeycomb, short filamentous and curved-lath particles, characteristic of authigenic illites. The unencapsulated ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar total gas ages (UTGA) of the authigenic illites range from 188.56 ± 6.20 Ma to 491.86 ± 27.68 Ma, which are 7% to 103% older than the corresponding K/Ar ages of 124.87 ± 1.11 Ma to 383.45 ± 2.80 Ma, respectively. The K-Ar ages indicate multistage accumulations with distinct distribution patterns in the Tarim Basin: older (late Caledonian-early Hercynian) around the basin margin, younger (late Hercynian) in the basin centre, and the youngest (middle to late Yanshanian) in the Ha-6 well-block, central area of the North Uplift. The age difference is believed to have been caused by the ~(39)Ar recoil loss during the irradiation process. Compared with the K/Ar ages, the estimated ~(39)Ar recoil losses in this study are in the range from 7% to 51%. The ~(39)Ar recoil loss appears to increase not only with the decreasing particle sizes of the I/S, but also with increasing percentage of smectite layers (IR) of the I/S, and smectite layer content (SLC) of the samples. We conclude that due to significant ~(39)Ar recoil losses, UTGA may not offer any meaningful geological ages of the authigenic illite formation in the SBS and thus can not be used to represent the hydrocarbon charge timing. ~(39)Ar recoil losses during ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating can not be neglected when dating fine authigenic illite, especially when the ordered mixed-layer I/S containing small amount of smectite layers (IR<30%) in the reservoir formations. Compared with the unencapsulated Ar-Ar method, the conventional K-Ar method is less complicated, more accurate and reliable in dating authigenic illites in petroleum reservoirs.
Genesis of the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit, Tibet: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion, Stable Isotopes, and Ar-Ar Geochronology

The Bangbu gold deposit is a large orogenic gold deposit in Tibet formed during the Alpine- Himalayan collision. Ore bodies (auriferous quartz veins) are controlled by the E-W-trending Qusong -Cuogu-Zhemulang brittle-ductile shear zone. Quartz veins at the deposit can be divided into three types: pre-metallogenic hook-like quartz veins, metallogenic auriferous quartz veins, and postmetallogenic N-S quartz veins. Four stages of mineralization in the auriferous quartz veins have been identified: (1) Stage S1 quartz+coarse-grained sulfides, (2) Stage S2 gold+fine-grained sulfides, (3) Stage S3 quartz+carbonates, and (4) Stage S4 quartz+ greigite. Fluid inclusions indicate the oreforming fluid was CO_2-N_2-CH_4 rich with homogenization temperatures of 170–261°C, salinities 4.34– 7.45 wt% NaCl equivalent. δ~(18)O_(fluid) (3.98‰–7.18‰) and low δD_(V-SMOW) (–90‰ to –44‰) for auriferous quartz veins suggest ore-forming fluids were mainly metamorphic in origin, with some addition of organic matter. Quartz vein pyrite has δ~(34)S_(V-CDT) values of 1.2‰–3.6‰ (an average of 2.2‰), whereas pyrite from phyllite has δ~(34)S_(V-CDT) 5.7‰–9.9‰ (an average of 7.4‰). Quartz vein pyrites yield 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 18.662–18.764, ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 15.650–15.683, and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 38.901–39.079. These isotopic data indicate Bangbu ore-forming materials were probably derived from the Langjiexue accretionary wedge. ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages for sericite from auriferous sulfide-quartz veins yield a plateau age of 49.52 ± 0.52 Ma, an isochron age of 50.3 ± 0.31 Ma, suggesting that auriferous veins were formed during the main collisional period of the Tibet-Himalayan orogen (~65–41 Ma).
Tectonic Framework of Late Paleozoic Intrusions in Xingxingxia: Implications for Final Closure of South Tianshan Ocean in East Tianshan

This work carried out systematic geological field investigation, petrography observation, zircon geochronology and whole rock geochemistry on Late Paleozoic intrusions in the Xingxingxia region near the Xinjiang-Gansu provincial boundary, western China, aiming to constrain the Late Paleozoic tectonic framework of the Xingxingxia region and the final closure time of South Tianshan Ocean in the East Tianshan. The Xingxingxia area is located in the east part of the Tianshan orogen, and adjacent to the north of the Tarim Basin. The Late Paleozoic magma activities in the Xingxingxia region can be mainly divided into three stages. The first stage includes intrusive magma activities under a collision setting between Late Ordovician to the Late Devonian. The second stage is intrusive magma activities under a subduction setting during (304±3)–(278±3) Ma, and the third stage involves intrusive magma activities under a collision and post-collision setting during (268±5)–(259.9±2.6) Ma. The final suture zone of South Tianshan Ocean should be between the Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan accretionary complex. Based on previous work, both the first stage magma activities (i.e., intrusive magmatic activities between the Late Ordovician to Late Devonian) and the Hongliuhe ophiolitic complex indicate a close event between Central Tianshan Block and South Tianshan Accretionary Complex. The 304±3 Ma dioritic metamorphic gneiss of the XingXingxia complex and the 278±3 Ma diorite are all island arc calc-alkaline rocks, the 289±3 Ma gabbro is island arc tholeiitic gabbro formed by magma from metasomatic enrichment mantle. All these results indicate that the second stage of magmatic activities is under a subduction setting. The third stage magma activities i.e. the granitic magma activities of (268±5)–(259.9±2.6) Ma occurred at a transitional setting from compressional to post-collision extensional tectonic setting. Thus, around (268±5)–(260±3) Ma, the final closure of the South Tianshan Ocean occurred and the Tianshan orogen shifted into the intracontinental evolution stage. During and after the closure process, a wide range of metamorphism and large dextral strike-slip faults developed.
From Self-assembled Monolayers to Chemically Patterned Brushes: Controlling the Orientation of Block Copolymer Domains in Films by Substrate Modification

Block copolymer lithography is emerging as one of the leading technologies for patterning nanoscale dense features. In almost all potential applications of this technology, control over the orientation of cylindrical and lamellar domains is required for pattern transfer from the block copolymer film. This review highlights the state-of-art development of brushes to modify the substrates to control the assembly behaviors of block copolymers in films. Selected important contributions to the development of self-assembled monolayers, polymer brushes and mats, and chemically patterned brushes are discussed.