mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Humus horizon development during natural forest succession process in the Polish Carpathians

As a result of socio-economic changes and land abandonment, the main ecological driver of the Carpathian landscape is the progression of the natural forest succession process. Thus, aspects of this process have become worthy of attention, especially in the context of carbon sequestration and the management of protected areas. Soil processes, especially within the topsoil, are some of the most susceptible to change, due to the accumulation of organic matter during such land-use transformations. The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in topsoil development using the A Horizon Development Index (ADI) and to study the composition of humic substances and advanced organic matter humification in different land-use areas in selected Carpathian national parks, i.e. Bieszczady, Magura and Pieniny National Parks in southern Poland. Additionally, a goal of this study was to compare the ADI and the spectroscopic coefficients of humic substances as indicators of the degree of humus horizon shaping as well as advanced organic matter humification. In total, ten transects were selected, each consisting of three different land-use areas: semi-natural meadow, successional forest and old-growth forest. Soil colour was determined in fresh and air-dried samples using the Munsell colour chart. In air-dried soil samples pH, soil texture, total organic carbon and total nitrogen were measured. Humic substances were extracted and further characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The ADI confirmed the influence of natural forest succession on soil colour darkening and the development of the uppermost soil layer. Spectroscopic analyses of humic substances showed two different patterns depending on soil depth. In the 0-10 cm layer, natural forest succession reduced the rate of the humification process and decreased the degree of maturity of fulvic acids;in the 10-20 cm layer, it led to an increase in the rate of the humification process and a decrease in the content of humic and fulvic acids at the beginning of the transformation. The comparison of two different indicators of soil development-the ADI and the spectroscopic coefficients of humic substances (Q_(4/6), Q_(2/4), Q_(2/3), Δ log K)-indicated that these indexes are based on different features of soil and cannot be used interchangeably.
Preparation and Properties of Conductive Foamed Silicone Rubber

The conductive foamed silicone rubber was prepared by Polymethylvinylsiloxane (PMVS) mixed with acetylene black,fumed silica,and AC foaming agent (azodicarbonamide).Influences of fillers on the microstructure,electrical conductivity and mechanical property were discussed.The results showed that the pore structure was affected by acetylene black.Acetylene black delayed the vulcanization speed of silicone rubbers,leading to bigger pores.Higher content of acetylene black decreased the mechanical properties and the electrical resistivity of rubbers.Fumed silica increased the mechanical properties and limited the aggregation of gas.Higher content of fumed silica led to small and obturator pores generated.Higher content of fumed silica increase the mechanical properties and the electrical resistivity of rubbers.AC foaming agents generated more gas,leading to bigger and irregular pores which affected the mechanical properties negatively,meanwhile AC foaming agents increased the conductivity of rubbers.
Ignition Characteristics of Lean Coal Used a Novel Alternating-Current Plasma Arc Approach

In order to achieve the target of reducing oil consumption to zero for pulverized coal (PC) boiler in power plant,the paper developed a novel coal pulverized ignition approach,called as Alternating-Current plasma (AC plasma) ignition,with the advantages of excellent PC combustion behavior and longer electrode life-span.The scientific principle of how to generate the AC plasma arc was elaborated in detail.First,the experiments on life-span of electrodes inside AC plasma generator had been conducted,finding a workable way to extend its life-span beyond 530 hours.Second,a new AC plasma burner specifically designed for lean coal according to the principle of PC staged combustion had been illustrated with diagrams and then used to ignite the PC-air stream under four kinds of conditions with a varying AC plasma power from 150 kW to 300 kW,focusing on analyses of the influence of AC plasma power on combustion behaver,such as combustion temperature,carbon burnout rate as well as PC combustion regime.The following results showed that in the case of the power of the AC plasma was P=300 kW,a satisfied PC combustion process could achieved,with the average PC combustion temperature of about 940°C,combustion flame length of 6.3 m,and the total carbon burnout rate of up to 52.2%.In addition,about 80% of the nozzle outlet section was filled with bright flame,while 81% of the PC was in zone of the cylindrical flame regime.The PC combustion modes were changed repeatedly during the process of combustion,which went from homogeneous combustion mode at initial ignition stage to combined combustion mode and heterogeneous combustion mode at middle stage,finally to combined combustion mode at later stage.The research conclusion in this paper has proved that the AC plasma ignition approach is feasible and effective to ignite low-rank coal without the present of fuel oil.
Transient Behaviors of Thermo-Hydraulic and Thermal Stratification in the Pressurizer Surgeline for the Nuclear Power Plant

In pressurized water reactor (PWR) system,the surgeline plays an important role in bonding the pressurizer and the primary circle.Some considerable problems,including the thermo-hydraulics,the thermal stratification and the accompanying thermal stress under transient conditions,pose risks to the surgeline integrity.Herein,a fully-coupled flow-heat-thermo-elasticity model was developed to investigate the transient behavior of thermo-hydraulic parameters and the thermal stratification phenomenon in PWR.To evaluate the nonuniformity of the stratified flow,a stratification degree indicator ζ is introduced.It is found that during the outsurge flow,the increase of temperature variation will enlarge the temperature gradient on the wall,corresponding to a more serious deformation.In the cases of positive temperature variation,the higher temperature variation causes higher stratification degree ζ,and vice versa.The mass flow rate m& and the stratification degree are in negative correlation.The local deformation can reach 1.802 cm under a 50 K temperature variation,while its location varies from case to case.More attention should be paid to the regulation between the highest deformation location and the surgeline thermo-hydraulic parameters.
Red-emitting CaWO_4:Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+) phosphor for solid-state lighting:Luminescent properties and morphology evolution

CaWO_4:xEu~(3+),yTm~(3+) crystals were obtained by facile synthesis at low temperature by the microwaveassisted hydrothermal method (MAH).The phase formation,morphology,luminescent properties and energy transfer were investigated.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the formation of a scheelitelike tetragonal structure without the presence of secondary phases.The growth mechanism of hierarchical microstructures based on self-assembly and Ostwald-ripening processes was evaluated,obtaining different types of morphologies.The luminescence spectra of CaWO_4:Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+) at 325 nm excitation show the predominance of red emission at the ~5D_0→~7F_2 (Eu~(3+)) transition at 624 nm.This feature signals dominant behavior of the electric dipole type.The presence of Tm~(3+) is notably evident in the absorption spectra by the related excitation transitions:~3H_6→~1G_4,~3H_6→~3F_3 and ~3H_6→~3H_4.Color parameters are discussed to characterize CaWO_4:Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+) emission.The study of the emission spectrum as a function of the concentration of Eu~(3+) (x mol%) and Tm~(3+) (y mol%) indicates that the CaWO_4:Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+) phosphors show stronger red emission intensity and exhibit the CIE value of x =0.63 and y =0.35.The photoluminescence results show 97% high color purity for CaWO_4:4 mol%Eu~(3+),a high CRI (92%) and a low CCT of 1085 K.These results demonstrate that the CaWO_4:Eu~(3+),Tm~(3+) red phosphors are promising as color converters for application in white light-emitting diodes and display devices.
Understanding enhancing mechanism of Pr_6O_(11) and Pr(OH)_3 in methanol electrooxidation

The presence of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups are both favorable for the methanol electrooxidation on Pt-based catalysts. Understanding and differentiating the enhancing mechanism between oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups for high activity of Pt catalysts in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is essential but still challenging. Herein, we developed two kinds of co-catalyst for Pt/CNTs, Pr_6O_(11) is rich in oxygen vacancies but contains substantially no hydroxyl groups, while Pr(OH)_3 possesses abundant hydroxyl groups without oxygen vacancies. After a sequence of designed experiments, it can be found that both oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups can improve the performance of Pt/CNTs electrocatalysts, but the enhancing mechanism and improving degree of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups for the MOR are different. Since the oxygen vacancies are more conducive to increasing the intrinsic activity of the Pt catalyst, and the hydroxyl groups play a decisive role in dehydrogenation and deprotonation of methanol, the co-catalysts with both oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups mixed with Pt/CNTs have higher catalytic performance. Therefore, hydroxyl-rich Pr_6O_(11)·xH_2O was prepared and used as MOR electrocatalyst after mixed with Pt/CNTs. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups, the Pr_6O_(11)·xH_2O/Pt/CNTs shows a high peak current density of 741 mA/mg, which is three times higher than that of Pt/CNTs. These new discoveries serve as a promising strategy for the rational design of MOR catalysts with low cost and high activity.
南昌32家餐馆畅销菜品钠含量、调味品使用及减盐相关服务调查

目的了解南昌市餐馆畅销菜品钠含量、调味品使用及减盐相关服务的开展情况,为制定餐馆减盐干预措施提供依据。方法于2019年3-4月随机抽取南昌市32家餐馆,每家餐馆选取5道销量较高的菜品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测菜品钠含量;通过询问调查,收集餐馆基本情况、调味品使用、减盐环境营造、提供减盐服务、对减盐的态度及存在的阻碍因素等信息。使用SPSS 16.0软件进行Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Nemenyi检验和Mann-Whitney U检验。结果南昌32家餐馆畅销菜品钠含量范围为170.0~1 360.0 mg/100 g,P50 (P25~P75)为564.0 mg/100 g(433.0~720.0 mg/100 g),菜品钠含量从高到低依次为荤菜、荤素搭配菜和素菜,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将餐馆按规模、人均消费、营业额和是否提供外卖服务分别进行分组分析,畅销菜品钠含量在不同组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。52.8%的畅销菜品总钠含量≥2 400 mg,每份菜品总钠含量≥2 400 mg的比例在大型餐馆和荤菜中分别高达65.0%和76.2%,在素菜中较低,为25.0%。餐馆每人次食盐、酱油、味精、鸡精、其他酱汁或酱料消耗量中位数分别为5.4、5.5、3.0、2.7和2.5 g,其中酱油在大型餐馆使用最多(9.9 g)、其他酱汁或酱料在中型餐馆使用最多(3.1 g)、食盐在小型餐馆使用最多(6.5 g)。每人次调味品中标化食盐消耗量中位数为7.2 g。宣传单上有少盐宣传内容、将少盐少油知识纳入员工培训、餐单上有少盐选项的餐馆比例分别为34.4%、59.4%和25.0%;服务员主动询问顾客是否需要少放盐的频率以偶尔最常见,占34.4%;外卖点餐从没有少盐订单、订单要求少盐的比例>10%的餐馆分别占26.4%、10.5%,堂食分别为12.5%、15.6%。在未来会加大减盐知识宣传、加大研发和推广少盐菜品的餐馆比例分别为81.2%和75.0%。在未来不愿加大减盐相关知识宣传、不愿意加大研发和推广少盐菜品的餐馆各有5家(均为15.6%),大型餐馆各有3家,均占60.0%,主要原因是担心减盐影响餐馆销量(5家)以及没有专业人员指导(3家),另外还有餐馆是因为不知道怎样研发和推广少盐菜品(3家)。结论南昌32家餐馆畅销菜品钠含量较高,应以大型餐馆为重点,并根据不同规模餐馆的菜品钠来源和阻碍因素,开展南昌地区餐饮业减盐干预,同时加大对公众的减盐宣传。
Sliding Mode Control in Power Converters and Drives: A Review

Sliding mode control(SMC)has been studied since the 1950s and widely used in practical applications due to its insensitivity to matched disturbances.The aim of this paper is to present a review of SMC describing the key developments and examining the new trends and challenges for its application to power electronic systems.The fundamental theory of SMC is briefly reviewed and the key technical problems associated with the implementation of SMC to power converters and drives, such chattering phenomenon and variable switching frequency, are discussed and analyzed.The recent developments in SMC systems, future challenges and perspectives of SMC for power converters are discussed.
Phase calibration for integrated optical phased arrays using artificial neural network with resolved phase ambiguity

Phase calibration for optical phased arrays (OPAs) is a key process to compensate for the phase deviation and retrieve the initial working state. Conventional calibration approaches based on iterative optimization algorithms are tedious and time-consuming. The essential difficulty of such a problem is to inversely solve for the phase error distribution among OPA elements from the far-field pattern of an OPA. Deep-learning-based technology might offer an alternative approach without explicitly knowing the inverse solution. However, we find that the phase ambiguities, including conjugate ambiguity and periodic ambiguity, severely deter the accuracy and efficacy of deep-learning-based calibration. Device-physics-based analysis reveals the causes of the phase ambiguities, which can be resolved by creating a tailored artificial neural network with phase-masked far-field patterns in a conjugate pair and constructing a periodic continuity-preserving loss function. Through the ambiguity-resolved neural network, we can extract phase error distribution in an OPA and calibrate the device in a rapid, noniterative manner from the measured far-field patterns. The proposed approach is experimentally verified. Pure main-beam profiles with >12 dB sidelobe suppression ratios are observed. This approach can help overcome a crucial bottleneck for the further advance of OPAs in a variety of applications such as lidar.
A mini-review on ZnIn_2S_4-Based photocatalysts for energy and environmental application

As one of the most attractive and eco-friendly technologies, semiconductor photocatalysis is demonstrated as a potential strategy to solve global energy shortage environmental pollution problems. Regarding semiconductor-based photocatalysts, Zinc indium sulfide(ZnIn_2S_4)with various morphological structures has become research hotspots owing to its superior visible light absorption, high chemical durability and low cost. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnIn_2S_4 is unsatisfactory due to limited range of visible light absorption and fast recombination rate of light-induced electrons and holes. Different modification strategies, such as metal deposition, element doping, vacancy engineering and semiconductor combination, have been systematically developed for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of ZnIn_2S_4 materials. In order to promote further developments of ZnIn_2S_4 in photocatalytic applications, this mini-review summarizes the progress of recent research works for the construction of highly activity ZnIn_2S_4-based photocatalysts for the first time. In addition, the typical applications of ZnIn_2S_4-based photocatalytic materials have been critically reviewed and described such as in hydrogen evolution from photocatalytic water splitting, carbon dioxide photoreduction, and treatment of water pollution. The current challenges and further prospects for the development of ZnIn_2S_4 semiconductor photocatalysts are finally pointed out.
High-performance Si-Containing anode materials in lithium-ion batteries: A superstructure of Si@Co-NC composite works effectively

To mitigate the massive volume expansion of Si-based anode during the charge/discharge cycles, we synthesized a superstructure of Si@Co- NC composite via the carbonization of zeolite imidazolate frameworks incorporated with Si nanoparticles.The Si@Co-NC is comprised of Sinanoparticle core and N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon shell, and there is void space between the core and the shell.When using as anode material for LIBs, Si@Co-NC displayed a super performance with a charge/discharge capacity of 191.6/191.4 mA h g~(-1) and a coulombic efficiency of 100.1% at 1000 mA g~(-1) after 3000 cycles, and the capacity loss rate is 0.022% per cycle only.The excellent electrochemical property of Si@Co-NC is because its electronic conductivity is enhanced by doping the carbon shell with N atoms and by incorporating with Co particles, and the pathway of lithium ions transmission is shortened by the hollow structure and abundant mesopores in the carbon shell.Also, the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles is well accommodated in the void space and suppressed by the carbon host matrix.This work shows that, through designing a superstructure for the anode materials, we can synergistically reduce the work function and introduce the confinement effect, thus significantly enhancing the anode materials' electrochemical performance in LIBs.
Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by CuMgAl layered double oxide for catalytic degradation of sulfameter

In this study, a series of CuMgAl layered double oxides(CuMgAl-LDOs)were obtained via calcination of CuMgAl layered double hydroxides(CuMgAl-LDHs)synthesised via a co-precipitation method.The results show that CuMgAl-LDO can be prepared using an optimal Cu : Mg : Al molar ratio of 3 : 3 : 2, NaOH : Na_2CO_3 molar ratio of 2 : 1, and calcination temperature of 600 °C.CuMgAl-LDO is a characteristic of mesoporous material with a lamellar structure and large specific surface area.The removal efficiency of sulfameter(SMD)based on CuMgAl-LDO/persulfate(PS)can reach >98% over a wide range of initial SMD concentrations(5-20 mg L~(-1)).The best removal efficiency of 99.49% was achieved within 120 min using 10 mg L~(-1) SMD, 0.3 g L~(-1) CuMgAl-LDO, and 0.7 mmol L~(-1) PS.Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of SMD was in accordance with a quasi-first-order kinetic model.The stability of the CuMgAl-LDO catalyst was verified by the high SMD removal efficiency(>97% within 120 min)observed after five recycling tests and low copper ion leaching concentration(0.89 mg L~(-1)), which is below drinking water quality standard of 1.3 mg L~(-1) permittable in the U.S.Radical scavenging experiments suggest that SO_4~(·-) is the primary active species participating in the CuMgAl-LDO/PS system.Moreover, our mechanistic investigations based on the radical scavenging tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results indicate that Cu~((II))-Cu~((III))-Cu~((II))circulation is responsible for activating PS in the degradation of SMD and the degradation pathway for SMD was deduced.Accordingly, the results presented in this work demonstrate that CuMgAl-LDO may be an efficient and stable catalyst for the activation of PS during the degradation of organic pollutants.
A 17-26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design

A gallium nitride(GaN)power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit(MMIC)with a wide band and high efficiency in the microwave frequency band is proposed in this study.The power amplifier MMIC uses a 0.15 μm GaN high electron mobility transistor(HEMT)process.The operating frequency band of the amplifier can cover the whole Kband, i.e., 17-26.5 GHz.To obtain better output power and power added efficiency(PAE), the power amplifier MMIC is designed with the optimal driving ratio of the front and rear stages and the optimal size of the transistor according to the performance of the transistor, and a broadband low-loss circuit topology is adopted to realize the broadband high-efficiency design.The harmonic control structure is integrated into the drivestage matching circuit to improve the high-frequency efficiency and keep the PAE high performance in the whole frequency band.In the continuous wave(CW)mode, results show that the power amplifier, using a three-stage topology, demonstrates over 42.5 dBm saturated output power in the frequency range of 17- 26.5 GHz, an average PAE of 30%, and the maximum value of PAE is 32.1% at 19.8 GHz.The output power flatness is better than 1.0 dB.The chip has a compact structure and an area of 4.2 mm×3.0 mm, and can be widely used in transceiver components, wireless communications, electronic measuring instruments, etc.
Long range electromagnetic field nature of nerve signal propagation in myelinated axons

The nature of saltatory conduction in myelinated axon described by equivalent circuit and circuit theory is still contentious. Recent experimental observations of action potentials transmitting through disjointed nerve fibers strongly suggest an electromagnetic wave propagation mechanism of the nerve signals. In this paper, we employ the electromagnetic wave model of the myelinated axon to describe action potential signal propagation. We use the experimental frequency-dependent conductivity and permittivity values of the nerve tissues in order to reliably calculate the electromagnetic modes by using electromagnetic mode solvers. We find that the electromagnetic waves above 10 kHz can be well confined in extracellular fluid–myelin sheath–intracellular fluid waveguide and propagate a distance of 7 mm without much attenuation. Our study may serve as one of the fundamental researches for the better understanding of the nervous system.
Optical scheme to demonstrate state-independent quantum contextuality

The contradiction between classical and quantum physics can be identified through quantum contextuality, which does not need composite systems or spacelike separation. Contextuality is proven either by a logical contradiction between the noncontextuality hidden variable predictions and those of quantum mechanics or by the violation of noncontextual inequality. We propose an experimental scheme of state-independent contextual inequality derived from the Mermin proof of the Kochen–Specker (KS) theorem in eight-dimensional Hilbert space, which could be observed either in an individual system or in a composite system. We also show how to resolve the compatibility problems. Our scheme can be implemented in optical systems with current experiment techniques.
Measuring Loschmidt echo via Floquet engineering in superconducting circuits

The Loschmidt echo is a useful diagnostic for the perfection of quantum time-reversal process and the sensitivity of quantum evolution to small perturbations. The main challenge for measuring the Loschmidt echo is the time reversal of a quantum evolution. In this work, we demonstrate the measurement of the Loschmidt echo in a superconducting 10-qubit system using Floquet engineering and discuss the imperfection of an initial Bell-state recovery arising from the next-nearestneighbor (NNN) coupling present in the qubit device. Our results show that the Loschmidt echo is very sensitive to small perturbations during quantum-state evolution, in contrast to the quantities like qubit population that is often considered in the time-reversal experiment. These properties may be employed for the investigation of multiqubit system concerning many-body decoherence and entanglement, etc., especially when devices with reduced or vanishing NNN coupling are used.
Juvenile hormone regulates photoperiod-mediated male reproductive diapause via the methoprene-tolerant gene in the ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis

Juvenile hormone(JH)absence induces photoperiod-mediated reproductive diapause, which is characterized by reproductive cessation. Although the role of methoprene-tolerant(Met)-mediated JH signaling in photoperiod-mediated female reproduction has been well documented, its role in male reproduction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of JH in regulating photoperiod-mediated development of the male internal reproductive system(IRS)in the predatory ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis(Pallas). In a previous study, we found that adult male H. axyridis reared under either a short-day(SD)or long-day(LD)photoperiod had obvious differences in IRS development, but we were unable to identify the regulators of male reproductive diapause. In this study, we found that beetles reared under an SD photoperiod had significantly lower JH titer and a relatively undeveloped male IRS compared with those reared under an LD photoperiod. Additionally, application of the JH analog(JHA)methoprene promoted IRS development. Furthermore, Met knockdown strongly blocked JH signaling in males reared under the LD photoperiod, thereby slowing IRS development. Moreover, exogenous JHA did not reverse the suppressed development of the male IRS caused by Met knockdown. These results indicate that photoperiod regulates male IRS development in H. axyridis through a conserved Met-dependent JH signaling pathway.