mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Low soil temperature reducing the yield of drip irrigated rice in arid area by influencing anther development and pollination

Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods (flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.
Photometric investigation of the eclipsing binary TX Herculis observed by LUT

The lander of China's Chang'E-3 spacecraft is equippedwith a 15-cmtelescope that is very useful for monitoring celestial objects in the ultraviolet(UV) band(245–340 nm). The Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope(LUT) is the first long-term lunar-based astronomical observatory, that can make uninterrupted observations of a target from the Moon. Here we present the continuous complete UV light curve of the eclipsing binary TX Herculis(TX Her). The analysis of the light curve suggests that TX Her is a detached binary. The dip in the light curve was explained by the emergence of a stellar dark spot on the less massive F0 type component. The cyclic change of arrival eclipse times for the system reveals that it contains an additional stellar companion with a minimal mass of 0.35M_⊙ and a period of 48.92 yr, which is supported by the detected light contribution of the third body from light curve analysis. This third body may play an important role in the formation of the present short-period system TX Her.
Influence of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of SiO@C/graphite composite anode materials

Silicon monoxide (SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy- density Li-ion batteries (LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume change during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation restrict its practical applications. Fabrication of SiO/C composites is an effective way to overcome these problems. Herein, a series of micro-sized SiO@C/graphite (SiO@C/G) composite anode materials, with designed capacity of 600 mAh·g~(–1), are successfully prepared through a pitch pyrolysis reaction method. The electrochemical performance of SiO@C/G composite anodes with different carbon coating contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 35 wt% is investigated. The results show that the SiO@C/G composite with 15-wt% carbon coating content exhibits the best cycle performance, with a high capacity retention of 90.7% at 25 ∘C and 90.1% at 45 ∘C after 100 cycles in full cells with LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2 as cathodes. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results suggest that a moderate carbon coating layer can promote the formation of stable SEI film, which is favorable for maintaining good interfacial conductivity and thus enhancing the cycling stability of SiO electrode.
Improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_2 at high charging cut-off voltage with Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3 surface coating

Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_2 has been surface-modified by the lithium-ion conductor Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3 via a facile mechanical fusion method. The annealing temperature during coating process shows a strong impact on the surface morphology and chemical composition of Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_2. The 600-℃ annealed material exhibits the best cyclic stability at high charging cut-off voltage of 4.5 V (versus Li+/Li) with the capacity retention of 90.9% after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that of bare material (79%). Moreover, the rate capability and thermal stability are also improved by Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3 coating. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the improved stability of interface between Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_2 and electrolyte by Li_(1.4)Al_(0.4)Ti_(1.6)(PO_4)_3 modification. The results of this work provide a possible method to design reliable cathode materials to achieve high energy density and long cycle life.
Negativity of Wigner function and phase sensitivity of an SU(1,1) interferometer

Both the negativity of Wigner function and the phase sensitivity of an SU(1,1) interferometer are investigated in this paper. In the case that the even coherent state and squeezed vacuum state are input into the interferometer, the Heisenberg limit can be approached with parity detection. At the same time, the negativity volume of Wigner function of detection mode comes entirely from the input state and varies periodically with the encoding phase. In addition, the negativity volume ofWigner function is positively correlated with the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer. The positive correlation may mean that the non-classicality indicated by negative Wigner function is a kind of resource that can verify some related research results of phase estimation.
Spin squeezing in Dicke-class of states with non-orthogonal spinors

The celebrated Majorana representation is exploited to investigate spin squeezing in different classes of pure symmetric states of N qubits with two distinct spinors, namely the Dicke-class of states. On obtaining a general expression for spin squeezing parameter, the variation of squeezing for different configurations is studied in detail. It is shown that the states in the Dicke-class, characterized by two-distinct non-orthogonal spinors, exhibit squeezing.
Flow characteristics of supersonic gas passing through a circular micro-channel under different inflow conditions

Gas flow in a micro-channel usually has a high Knudsen number. The predominant predictive tool for such a microflow is the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which is used in this paper to investigate primary flow properties of supersonic gas in a circular micro-channel for different inflow conditions, such as free stream at different altitudes, with different incoming Mach numbers, and with different angles of attack. Simulation results indicate that the altitude and free stream incoming Mach number have a significant effect on the whole micro-channel flow field, whereas the angle of attack mainly affects the entrance part of micro-channel flow field. The fundamental mechanism behind the simulation results is also presented. With the increase of altitude, thr free stream would be partly prevented from entering into micro-channel. Meanwhile, the gas flow in micro-channel is decelerated, and the increase in the angle of attack also decelerates the gas flow. In contrast, gas flow in micro-channel is accelerated as free stream incoming Mach number increases. A noteworthy finding is that the rarefaction effects can become very dominant when the free stream incoming Mach number is low. In other words, a free stream with a larger incoming velocity is able to reduce the influence of the rarefaction effects on gas flow in the micro-channel.
Therapeutic implications of advanced age at time of spinal cord injury

A recent demographic shift towards increased age at time of spinal cord injury(SCI), as well as decreased functional recovery following SCI in older populations, create the need to investigate how age effects SCI pathology and repair(Scivoletto et al., 2003). While decreased neuroplasticity or physical strength with age may contribute to functional deficits, work from our lab and others have identified exacerbated acute inflammatory events as contributors to age-dependent secondary injury. Specifically, our recent paper identified that increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase(NOX) with age exacerbates secondary injury after SCI(Zhang et al., 2019). Collectively, we identified ROS as instrumental in worsening functional outcomes following aged SCI and demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of ROS based treatments is age-dependent. This short review focuses on the role of age on worsening functional outcomes following SCI and provides a mechanistic overview into how age exaggerates secondary injury.
我国护理网络教育的文献计量学分析

目的从文献计量学的角度分析我国护理领域网络教育研究现状、热点、趋势及存在问题。方法从中国知网期刊全文数据库、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库检索并筛选自建库至2018年4月20日护理网络教育相关学术论文,采用CiteSpace 5.3.R1软件对文献特征进行分析。结果共纳入文献1 902篇,文献数量呈逐年递增趋势,研究机构分布呈现东部数量多于西部,以同一第一作者最大发文量5篇,研究方向偏向于网络教育适用性,我国当前的研究热点集中于网络教育的应用、信息素养、网络资源的建立与需求状况。结论我国护理网络教育正处于探索阶段,文献质量不高,尚未形成成熟的科研团队和研究体系,有关理论研究发展不平衡,研究热点集中,同时存在地区差异。
Hydrogen sulfide: A novel component in Arabidopsis peroxisomes which triggers catalase inhibitionFA

Plant peroxisomes have the capacity to generate different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(ROS and RNS), such asH_2O_2, superoxide radical(O_2~(·-)), nitric oxide and peroxynitrite(ONOO-).These organelles have an active nitrooxidative metabolism which can be exacerbated by adverse stress conditions. Hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) is a new signaling gasotransmitter which can mediate the posttranslational modification(PTM) persulfidation. We used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic seedlings expressing cyan fluorescent protein(CFP) fused to a canonical peroxisome targeting signal 1(PTS1) to visualize peroxisomes in living cells, as well as a specific fluorescent probe which showed that peroxisomes contain H_2S. H_2S was also detected in chloroplasts under glyphosate-induced oxidative stress conditions. Peroxisomal enzyme activities, including catalase, photorespiratory H_2O_2-generating glycolate oxidase(GOX) and hydroxypyruvate reductase(HPR), were assayed in vitro with a H_2S donor. In line with the persulfidation of this enzyme, catalase activity declined significantly in the presence of the H_2S donor. To corroborate the inhibitory effect of H_2S on catalase activity, we also assayed pure catalase from bovine liver and pepper fruit-enriched samples, in which catalase activity was inhibited. Taken together, these data provide evidence of the presence of H_2S in plant peroxisomes which appears to regulate catalase activity and, consequently, the peroxisomal H_2O_2 metabolism.
护士接触新型布尼亚病毒感染患者后发病一例

发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS)是一种新发出血热,是由新型布尼亚病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus, SFTSV)感染而引起的一种新的急性传染性疾病。SFTSV属虫媒病毒,其流行特点主要为散发但具有较明显的地区聚集性,病例主要分布在山区和丘陵地带的农村,发病季节多在3~11月份,高峰在5~9月份。目前认为本病媒介与蜱虫有关,人们可通过蜱虫叮咬感染发病[1-2],但有少部分患者为接触SFTS患者后发病。由于该病常以发热、腹泻、乏力等为首发症状,患者常首诊于急诊,急诊医护人员可能因接触SFTS患者后防护措施不完善传染患病。山东省立医院急诊科在2018年6月期间出现护士接触SFTS患者后发病一例,现报道如下。
注射用尤瑞克林治疗大动脉粥样硬化型急性期脑梗死的临床疗效观察

脑梗死在临床上是神经系统的常见病、多发病,约占全部脑卒中的70%[1],且随着生活水平的提高,我国人口老龄化的水平明显上升,本病发病率有逐年增加的趋势,给社会及家庭带来了极大的经济负担。早期恢复脑组织微循环、减少脑损害是治疗的关键。超早期静脉溶栓、动脉取栓是本病最有效的治疗方法,但静脉溶栓、动脉取栓有严格的时间限制,存在禁忌证,另外溶栓风险及经济负担等诸多因素影响家属的决策,导致溶栓率极低。尤瑞克林具有扩张缺血部位的脑血管,利于形成新生血管,使侧支循环开放,使缺血的脑组织增加血流量等作用[2],已广泛应用于临床,但多数文献报道并严格按TOAST分型区分脑梗死不同病因、发病机制进行治疗观察,而急性脑梗死不同病因、发病机制可能会影响其治疗疗效及预后[3]。本研究旨在评价尤顼克林治疗大动脉粥样硬化型急性期脑梗死的临床疗效。
如何评估和促进直肠癌新辅助治疗后的临床完全缓解

关于直肠癌新辅助治疗后临床完全缓解(clinical complete response,cCR)的判断标准,目前多沿用Habr-Gama所提议的标准,即在内镜直视下黏膜面完整、苍白、伴毛细血管扩张,未见残余溃疡、结节、或黏膜不平整,不推荐局部全层切除活检或选择性切除活检作为判断cCR的依据。Habr-Gama以此为基础进行的“等待观察”研究取得了令人满意的无瘤及整体生存率,但这一标准依赖直肠指诊及内镜检查,稳定性及可重复性较差,尤其是“黏膜完整”这项指标,在实际临床工作中难以满足。因此,其他研究者致力于引入客观的临床评价手段以判断cCR,这些检查手段包括:直肠核磁共振、直肠超声及PET-CT。
机械电子诊断技术在汽车检测维修中的应用

综合现代技术交通工具的现代汽车采用传统技术进行检测维修时,受到人工操作影响,导致维修效果较差,为了保证汽车安全行驶,提出了机械电子诊断技术在汽车检测维修中的应用研究.分别从燃油机爆震波形、ABS制动防抱死系统、驱动轮输出功率、发动机第一缸次级测点火波形以及机械磨损情况对燃油机异响、电控系统故障、底盘输出功率异常、汽油发动机故障和油样进行检测诊断.在营运重载火车制动试验台上,对发动机和电控系统检测维修效果进行实验验证分析,由实验结果可知,机械电子诊断技术检测维修效果较好,为中国汽车维修业发展添加动力.
毛细管型微通道冷凝器在风冷空调中的应用研究

随着工业设备朝着小型、微型化发展,微通道冷凝器在风冷空调中的应用也越来越受人们的关注.主要通过毛细管型微通道冷凝器和传统翅片式冷凝器在风冷空调中试验研究分析,在相同的试验环境中,风冷空调采用毛细管型微通道冷凝器,设备的性能提高20%~30%,冲注量大大减少.因此,对于毛细管型微通道冷凝器在制冷系统尤其是空调设备中的应用有显著的性能优势.
二极管钳位式三电平逆变器功率管开路故障诊断

针对二极管钳位式三电平逆变器的开路故障,为了准确、可靠地定位出发生故障的功率管,建立了基于杂交粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的故障诊断模型.分析了单管故障与双管故障输出电流信号的特点,将NPC三电平逆变器所有的故障进行编码,以傅里叶变换提取三相输出电流的直流分量、基波幅值、基波相位以及二次谐波相位作为故障特征向量建立神经网络,并用杂交粒子群算法将其优化.仿真结果表明,该模型能够准确诊断NPC三电平逆变器单管故障与双管故障,并且杂交粒子群算法优化能力优于基本粒子群算法.
模糊分数阶PID在线径控制系统中的应用

PTFE推挤机是通讯电缆生产的主要设备,其核心是具有时变性、非线性、大滞后的线径控制系统.采用传统的PID进行控制时,由于PID控制器的参数为常数,一旦出现扰动易产生超调.为解决出现扰动时线缆线径波动较大的问题,将模糊控制与分数阶PID控制相结合,设计模糊分数阶PID(FOFPID)控制器.以线径误差及其变化率作为输入信号,分数阶PID控制器的5个参数作为输出信号对线径控制系统进行调节.分析了不同积分阶次和微分阶次对线径控制效果的影响,建立适合线径控制的模糊规则,完成对FOFPID控制器参数的自适应整定,并引入Smith预估器对滞后特性进行动态补偿.实验结果表明,带滞后补偿的FOFPID控制器快速响应能力较好,控制效果较优,满足通讯线缆实际生产要求.
以玄象思维解析命门学说

命门具有生命的关键之意。古代医家一致认为命门是先天之气蕴藏所在,人体生化的来源,生命的根本。命门有藏精舍神、内寓真火的重要功能,是五脏六腑之本,十二经之根,是人体赖以生存的根本,为人身的原动力。借助玄象思维探究命门学说,是以一种新角度对中医理论的探讨与发展,有助于还原中医原始思维,并对中医理论的发展与临床均具有指导意义。
复方龙血竭愈伤便捷湿巾治疗军事训练致肢体软组织扭挫伤的临床疗效观察

目的观察复方龙血竭愈伤便捷湿巾治疗军事训练导致肢体软组织扭挫伤的临床疗效。方法选择210例部队因军事训练导致肢体软组织扭挫伤患者,其中治疗组105例,给予复方龙血竭愈伤便捷湿巾外用;对照组105例患者,给予镇痛活络酊便捷湿巾外用,在不同时间点动态观察便捷湿巾对软组织扭挫伤的治疗效果。结果治疗组有效率为91.43%,高于对照组的76.19% (P <0.05),具有统计学差异。结论复方龙血竭愈伤便捷湿巾治疗军事训练导致肢体软组织扭挫伤具有简、便、效、廉的特色,值得基层部队推广应用。
先天性外中耳畸形(6)---分类研究进展

先天性外中耳畸形(microtia and atresia,MA)是耳科最常见的一种畸形,主要表现为出生后耳郭形态异常,可伴发外耳道狭窄和闭锁、中耳结构异常,部分伴下颌骨发育不良等。先天性外中耳畸形临床表现多样,可分为两大类:耳郭形态异常(auricular deformation)和耳郭结构异常(auricular malformation),前者表现为耳郭形态异常不伴耳郭亚结构显著缺损或听力减退;后者表现为耳郭结构异常伴耳郭亚结构显著缺损及听力减退。由于其临床表型不一,众多学者根据自己的临床经验先后提出了不同的分类方法,本文将介绍先天性外中耳畸形的不同分类方法。
特殊健康状态儿童预防接种专家共识之二十三——异体造血干细胞移植与预防接种

异体造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是对患者进行全身放疗、化疗和免疫抑制预处理后,再将allo- HSCT给受者,使其重建正常造血及免疫功能. allo-HSCT主要包括骨髓移植、外周血干细胞移植、脐血干细胞移植.全球每年有1.9万例患者接受allo-HSCT,且逐年增加.
Trabecular-like Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for orthopedic: fabrication by selective laser melting and in vitro biocompatibility

Porous metal scaffolds play an important role in the orthopedic field, due to their wide applications in prostheses implantation. Some previous studies showed that the scaffolds with trabecular bone structure reconstructed via computed tomography had satisfactory biocompatibility. However, the reverse modeling scaffolds were inflexible for customized design. Therefore, a top-down designing biomimetic bone scaffold with favorable mechanical performances and cytocompatibility is urgently demanded for orthopedic implants. An emerging additive manufacturing technique, selective laser melting, was employed to fabricate the trabecular-like porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds with varying irregularities (0.05-0.5) and porosities (48.83%–74.28%) designed through a novel Voronoi-Tessellation based method. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the scaffolds’ morphology. Quasi-static compression tests were performed to evaluate the scaffolds’ mechanical properties. The MG63 cells culture in vitro experiments, including adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were conducted to study the cytocompatibility of scaffolds. Compressive tests of scaffolds revealed an apparent elastic modulus range of 1.93–5.24 GPa and an ultimate strength ranging within 44.9–237.5 MPa, which were influenced by irregularity and porosity, and improved by heat treatment. Furthermore, the in vitro assay suggested that the original surface of the SLM-fabricated scaffolds was favorable for osteoblasts adhesion and migration because of micro scale pores and ravines. The trabecular-like porous scaffolds with full irregularity and higher porosity exhibited enhanced cells proliferation and osteoblast differentiation at earlier time, due to their preferable combination of small and large pores with various shapes. This study suggested that selective laser melting-derived Ti-6Al-4V scaffold with the trabecular-like porous structure designed through Voronoi-Tessellation method, favorable mechanical performance, and good cytocompatibility was a potential biomaterial for orthopedic implants.
Tailoring the secondary phases and mechanical properties of ODS steel by heat treatment

The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel with the nominal composition of Fe–14Cr–2W–0.3Ti–0.2V–0.07Ta–0.3Y_2O_3 (wt%) was fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In order to optimize the relative volume fraction of secondary phases, the as-HIPed ODS steel was annealed at 800 ◦C, 1000 ◦C, 1200 ◦C for 5 h, respectively. The microstructures and different secondary phases of the as-HIPed and annealed ODS samples were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile properties of all the ODS steels at room temperature were also investigated. The results indicate that annealing is an effective way to control the microstructure and the integral secondary phases. The annealing process promotes the dissolution of M_(23)C_6 particles, thus promoting the precipitation of TiC. No obvious coarsening of Y_2Ti_2O_7 nanoparticles can be observed during annealing. The tensile results indicate that the annealed ODS sample with the optimized secondary phases and high density possesses the best mechanical properties.
Phase-field simulation for the evolution of solid/liquid interface front in directional solidification process

In this study, the phase field method was used to study the multi-controlling factors of dendrite growth in directional solidification. The effects of temperature gradient, propelling velocity, thermal disturbance and growth orientation angle on the growth morphology of the dendritic growth in the solid/liquid interface were discussed. It is found that the redistribution of solute leads to multilevel cavity and multilevel fusion to form multistage solute segregation, and the increase of temperature gradient and propelling velocity can accelerate the dendrite growth of directional solidification, and also make the second dendrites more developed, which reduces the primary distance and the solute segregation. When the temperature gradient is large, the solid-liquid interface will move forward in a flat interface mode, and the thermal disturbance does not affect the steady state behavior of the directionally solidified dendrite tip. It only promotes the generation and growth of the second dendrites and forms the asymmetric dendrite. Meanwhile, it is found that the inclined dendrite is at a disadvantage in the competitive growth compared to the normal dendrite, and generally it will disappear. When the inclination angle is large, the initial primary dendrite may be eliminated by its secondary or third dendrite.
富马酸沃诺拉赞合成路线图解

富马酸沃诺拉赞( vonoprazan fumarate,TAK- 438,1),化学名称为5-( 2-氟苯基) -N-甲基-1-( 3-吡啶磺酰基) -1H-吡咯-3-甲胺富马酸盐,是由日本武田制药研发的新一类胃酸分泌抑制剂,于2014年12月在日本成功上市。富马酸沃诺拉赞是一种钾离子竞争性酸阻滞剂,通过抑制K~+与H+ -K~+ -ATP酶(质子泵)的结合,提前终止胃酸的分泌,且抑制胃酸分泌的作用强劲、持久[1- 2],临床上对糜烂性食管炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、幽门螺杆菌感染等具有很好的疗效,因此对其合成工艺的研究具有重要意义。
Patisiran(Onpattro)

2018年8月10日,全球首个小干扰RNA( siRNA)药物Onpattro(通用名为patisiran)经美国FDA批准上市[1]。Onpattro是由美国奥尼兰姆( Alnylam)公司研发,用于治疗成人患者因转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性( hATTR,也称家族性淀粉样多发性神经病变)引起的神经损伤,也是第一个用于治疗hATTR的药物。Onpattro通过静脉内输注给药,用药剂量取决于实际体质量,对于体质量小于100 kg的患者,推荐剂量为0.3 mg·kg~(-1),每3周一次;对于体质量在100 kg或以上的患者,推荐剂量为30 mg,每3周一次[1]。
Enhancement of strength and electrical conductivity for a dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloy via heat treatments and cold drawing

Developing heat-resistant conductors with high strength and high electrical conductivity is a key issue in the electrical conductor industries, as the ever-increasing power transmission poses higher requirement on the thermal stability of electrical conductor wires. Dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloys are considered as promising candidates due to the excellent heat resistance and high electrical conductivity, but the low strength always limits their application on electrical wires. Yet, few efforts on process design have been made in dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloys to enhance the strength. Here, various kinds of processing paths via combination of cold drawing, ageing and/or annealing were conducted to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of a dilute Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Results show that enhanced strength and electrical conductivity were obtained after cold drawing+ ageing or pre-ageing+ cold drawing+ annealing treatments processes. Optimal properties (194MPa in ultimate tensile strength and 61% IACS in electrical conductivity) were obtained through cold drawing followed by ageing. Microstructure evolution which affects strength and electrical conductivity was systematically investigated using TEM and 3DAP. The enhanced strength was mainly attributed to the suitable interactions between strain strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The enhancement in electrical conductivity was caused by precipitation of solute atoms and recovery of defects. These results provide foundations for the processing design of Al-Sc-Zr conducting wires with good properties and push forward their potential application in heat resistant conductor industries.
Highly stable carbon-based perovskite solar cell with a record efficiency of over 18% via hole transport engineering

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in air, compared to their counterparts using metal contacts. The photovoltaic performance of carbon-based PSCs, however, has been progressing slowly in spite of an impressive efficiency when they were first reported. One of the major obstacles is that the hole transport materials developed for stateof- the-art Au-based PSCs are not suitable for carbon-based PSCs. Here, we develop a low-temperature, solution-processed Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/graphene composite hole transport layer (HTL), that is compatible with paintable carbon-electrodes to produce state-of-the-art perovskite devices. Space-charge-limited-current measurements reveal that the as-prepared P3HT/graphene composite exhibits outstanding charge mobility and thermal tolerance, with hole mobility increasing from 8.3×10~(-3) cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1) (as-deposited) to 1.2×10~(-2) cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1) (after annealing at 100 ◦C) -two orders of magnitude larger than pure P3HT. The improved charge transport and extraction provided by the composite HTL provides a significant efficiency improvement compared to cells with a pure P3HT HTL. As a result, we report carbon-based solar cells with a record efficiency of 17.8% (certified by Newport); and the first perovskite cells to be certified under the stabilized testing protocol. The outstanding device stability is demonstrated by only 3% drop after storage in ambient conditions (humidity: ca. 50%) for 1680 h (nonencapsulated), and retention of ca. 89% of their original output under continuous 1-Sun illumination at room-temperature for 600 h (encapsulated) in a nitrogen environment.