mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the functional research on the interaction between host genes and microbiota

In recent years, many studies have focused on the interaction between host genes and microbiota and their mutual influence(Bonder et al., 2016; Goodrich et al., 2014; Rothschild et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019). Host genetic variation influences the composition of the microbial community, for instance in inflammatory bowel disease, host genetic susceptibilities induce pathological shifts in microbiome composition, wherein the activity of microbes and microbial metabolites adversely impact the physiology and immune system of the host(Plichta et al., 2019; Qin et al., 2018). At gene level, it has been shown that a high copy number of the salivary amylase gene is associated with higher levels of Porphyromonas in saliva and increased abundance of resistant starch-degrading microbes in the gut(Poole et al., 2019). Using wild house mouse as a model system, researchers have found that the genetic distance between host genes is a strong predictor of the gut microbial composition and the study has identified 20 genes that were associated with microbial diversity or microbial abundance(Suzuki et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2015). Host genetics play an important role in shaping and developing the early gut microbiota. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota in pre-weaning calves is significantly affected by the host genetics and that single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in host mucin-encoding genes are correlated with mucin-degrading gut bacteria(Fan et al., 2020). Additional studies have shown that miRNAs may influence the gut microbiome. miRNAs were able to enter bacteria, regulating bacterial gene transcripts and affecting bacterial growth, which suggests the potential therapeutic effects of(micro- RNAs) miRNAs in manipulating the microbiome for the treatment of diseases(Liu and Weiner, 2016). Through the characterization of the fecal microbiota composition of 400 genetically distinct mice, researchers have identified several genomic regions associated with changes in the abundance of bacterial taxa and profiles of bile acids. This work demonstrates the power of genetic approaches to identify novel interactions between the host, the microbiota, and metabolites(Kemis et al., 2019). Using the same microbiota as an inoculum to colonize germ-free mice of various genetic backgrounds, it was found that the host's polymorphic genes shape the intestinal microbial community including genes involved in both the innate and adaptive immunity pathways(Khan et al., 2019).
Plant abiotic stress response and nutrient use efficiency

Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these environmental challenges, transmit the stress signals within cells as well as between cells and tissues, and make appropriate adjustments in their growth and development in order to survive and reproduce. In recent years, significant progress has been made on many fronts of the stress signaling research, particularly in understanding the downstream signaling events that culminate at the activation of stress- and nutrient limitation-responsive genes, cellular ion homeostasis, and growth adjustment. However, the revelation of the early events of stress signaling, particularly the identification of primary stress sensors, still lags behind. In this review, we summarize recent work on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress and nutrient limitation sensing and signaling and discuss new directions for future studies.
Oxoammonium enabled secondary doping of hole transporting material PEDOT:PSS for high-performance organic solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used hole transporting materials in organic solar cells(OSCs). Multiple strategies have been adopted to improve the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, however, effective strategy that can optimize the conductivity, work function, and surface energy simultaneously to reach a better energy alignment and interface contact is rare. Here, we demonstrate that oxoammonium salts(TEMPO+X–) with different counterions can act as facile and novel dopants to realize secondary doping of PEDOT:PSS. The effective charge transfer process achieved between TEMPO~+X~– and PEDOT:PSS results in enhanced carrier density and improved conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Moreover, different counterions of TEMPO~+X~– can tune the work function and surface energy of PEDOT:PSS, enabling improved device performances. The resulting device with PM6:Y6 as the active layer shows a high power conversion efficiency(PCE) over 16%. Moreover, this doping strategy can also be applied to other conjugated polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene). This work provides a promising strategy to tune the properties of conjugated polymers through doping, thus effectively boosting the performance of organic solar cells.
17.1%-Efficiency organic photovoltaic cell enabled with two higher-LUMO-level acceptor guests as the quaternary strategy

Quaternary blended organic solar cells utilize four blended material components(one donor plus three acceptors, two donors and two acceptors, or three donors plus one acceptor) as the active layer materials. The use of four material components allows us to have more material selections and more mechanism choices to improve the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. In this contribution, we present a new case of quaternary material system, that shows 17.1% efficiency obtained by adding IDIC and PC(71)BM as the guest acceptors of the host binary of PM6:Y6. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) levels of IDIC and PC_(71)BM are both higher than that of Y6, which is one reason to obtain increased open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) in the quaternary device. Upon introduction of IDIC and PC_(71)BM as the acceptor guests, the hole and electron mobilities are both increased, which contributes to the increased short-circuit current-density(J_(sc)). Effects of the weight ratios of the three acceptor components are investigated, which demonstrates that the increased hole and electron mobilities, the accelerated hole-transfer, and the reduced monomolecular recombination are the factors contributing to the increased J_(sc) and fill-factor. This case of quaternary device demonstrates the applicability of the quaternary strategy in increasing the device functions and hence the efficiencies in the field of organic photovoltaic cells.
Completely positive tensors in the complex field

In this paper,we introduce the complex completely positive tensor,which has a symmetric complex decomposition with all real and imaginary parts of the decomposition vectors being non-negative.Some properties of the complex completely positive tensor are given.A semidefinite algorithm is also proposed for checking whether a complex tensor is complex completely positive or not.If a tensor is not complex completely positive,a certificate for it can be obtained;if it is complex completely positive,a complex completely positive decomposition can be obtained.
联合多种资料确定华北岩石圈三维热-流变结构:对裂陷形成的意义

中生代以来,华北克拉通岩石圈发生了显著破坏和变形,变形的一个显著特征是广泛存在的拉张构造和华北东部的岩石圈减薄,而岩石圈的热-流变结构是控制这些动力过程的主要因素之一.文章基于地球物理学-岩石物理学方法,综合利用多种资料构建华北地区现今岩石圈三维热-流变结构模型,进而探讨其与拉张构造和裂陷形成的关系.结果表明,西部岩石圈较厚、莫霍面温度低(T_(Moho)<600℃),岩石圈强度和幔-壳强度比(S_m/S_c>1)均较高.西部窄裂陷的变形方式符合这种地幔强度为主导的局部集中变形.华北东部岩石圈表现为大范围减薄(岩石圈厚度80~110km),但其强度并未整体降低,在局部地区(如渤海湾盆地和河淮盆地)表现出较高的强度(10×10~(12)Pa m).东部的大部分地区岩石圈表现为较高T_(Moho)(600~750℃)和低S_m/S_c(<1),这与东部现今岩石圈大范围的分布式拉张构造不符.结合古地热及岩石学等研究结果,构建华北克拉通演化历史上的岩石圈热-流变结构,推断东部裂陷形成初期曾具有显著薄弱的岩石圈,其变形方式为以地壳强度为主导的区域性弥散拉张变形,并进而演化形成广泛的宽裂陷.但后期岩石圈冷却增生使强度明显增加,导致现今岩石圈的热-流变状态与经历的拉张构造演化过程的不一致.
激光~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年数据高斯数学模型分析与腾冲火山喷发的分期

确定火山岩的喷发期次是重建火山喷发相关的第四纪环境、研究晚新生代地球动力学和预测火山喷发危险性的前提.激光~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学方法对年轻火山岩样品的定年有明显的优势,具有自动化测试稳定、本底低、高灵敏度等特点,适用于年轻火山岩样品的定年工作.文章采用激光~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学方法对腾冲火山岩区主要岩石单元进行了精细的年代学研究,通过常规的数据处理得到了腾冲火山喷发的时限为0.025~5.1Ma.但年轻火山岩定年因放射成因的~(40)Ar含量极少,偶然因素较多,数据的稳定性较差,甚至得出偏差很大的年龄结果,其分期结果值得商榷.另外,传统分期方法缺乏统一的时间尺度标准,无法对腾冲火山喷发进行严格的时间限定,导致对期次划分认识的分歧.文章尝试引入新的数学模型,对13件样品一共378个年龄测试值进行了重新分期,得到了包含3个波形曲线、彼此独立的表观年龄概率分布图,利用高斯数学模型对波形进行分析,分别对确认的3个正态波形涵盖的年龄数据进行等时线年代学计算,很好地限定了腾冲火山的3期喷发,分别为上新世((3.78±0.04)Ma)、中更新世早期((0.63±0.03)Ma)和中更新末期到晚更新世早期((0.139±0.005)Ma).这3期喷发时限具有相同的实验精度和时间尺度,降低了年龄数据的误差和偶然性,能准确地限定和代表腾冲火山的整体喷发分期.
中国热带气旋龙卷的气候统计特征(2006~2018)

文章调查了2006至2018年中国热带气旋龙卷(简称TC龙卷)的发生情况.在这13年间,共有64次TC龙卷记录,平均每年发生约5次.约三分之一的登陆热带气旋至少有一个龙卷生成.这些TC龙卷主要发生在热带气旋临近登陆或登陆后36小时内的午后,集中于距离热带气旋中心500 km范围内.大多数TC龙卷位于地形相对平坦的沿海地区,其中江苏和广东是中国TC龙卷发生频次最大的两个省份.此外,文章还揭示了两个值得注意的特征:(1)中国的TC龙卷主要生成于TC中心的东北象限,而非TC移动方向的右前象限;(2)与美国相比,中国大多数TC龙卷生成于强度相对较弱的热带气旋(如热带低压、热带风暴).进一步分析表明,中国的TC龙卷倾向于在具有较大低层风暴相对螺旋度和较大对流有效位能(考虑夹卷效应)的环境中产生.中国2018年的TC龙卷尤其活跃,共有24次TC龙卷记录,占总样本数的37.5%.中国现代气象史上的首次龙卷爆发事件发生于台风摩羯(2018)中,至少有11个龙卷生成.此龙卷爆发事件发生于摩羯与中纬度中层槽的相互作用阶段,且伴随着较强的中高层干空气侵入过程.
热带气旋与多尺度气候变异:2018年西北太平洋台风季概况

2018年是西北太平洋热带气旋异常活跃的一年,该年台风季(6~11月)共有26个热带气旋生成,远超气候平均的22个,是近20年来第二活跃的台风季.2018年,热带气旋多形成于西北太平洋东部和南海北部,台风活动区域偏东北,移动路径多由西北行转为偏北行登陆,造成了中国大陆重大经济损失(约697.3亿元).这一年,多尺度气候变异共同作用引起了西北太平洋季风槽的增强和副热带高压减弱,从而导致了热带气旋异常活跃.在此过程中,年际气候背景条件起了主导作用,而年代际气候变异仅起到了弱的抑制作用.在年际尺度上,一个发展的中太平洋厄尔尼诺事件和正相位的太平洋经向模态(PMM)共同作用形成了2018年有利于热带气旋活动的大尺度环流背景条件.进一步研究表明,中太平洋海温强迫在西北太平洋热带气旋活动中起到了关键调节作用,而PMM通过中太平洋海温间接影响西北太平洋热带气旋活动.在中太平洋厄尔尼诺年,中太平洋海温增暖引起的对流异常通过大气的Gill型-罗斯贝波响应导致了西北太平洋上异常气旋性环流,这使得西北太平洋上副热带高压减弱、季风槽增强东北移,有利于热带气旋在此形成和发展.短期气候及天气变化,如季节内振荡(ISO)和天气尺度扰动(SSD)的活动,与增强的季风槽相互作用,加剧了2018年异常的西北太平洋热带气旋的活动.
Fast genetic mapping in barley:case studies of cuticle mutants using RNA-sequencing

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the earliest domesticated crop species and ranked as the fourth largest cereal production worldwide.Forward genetic studies in barley have greatly advanced plant genetics during the last century;however,most genes are identified by the conventional mapping method.Array genotyping and exome-capture sequencing have also been successfully used to target the causal mutation in barley populations,but these techniques are not widely adopted because of associated costs and partly due to the huge genome size of barley.This review summarizes three mapping cases of barley cuticle mutants in our laboratory with the help of RNA-sequencing.The causal mutations have been successfully identified for two of them and the target genes are located in the pericentromeric regions.Detailed information on the mapping-by-sequencing,mapping-and-sequencing,and RNA-sequencing assisted linkage mapping are presented and some limitations and challenges on the mapping assisted by RNA sequencing are also discussed.The alternative and elegant methods presented in this review may greatly accelerate forward genetics of barley mapping,especially for laboratories without large funding.
Quantitatively estimate the components of natural runoff and identify the impacting factors in a snow-fed river basin of China

Snowmelt water is an essential runoff source of some alpine rivers in China.This study selected the Upper Burqin River (UBR),a typical snow-fed river,to quantitatively assess the runoff contributions of different components,as well as the causes of runoff variations under the background of cryosphere change and global warming.Based on the spatial-temporal distributions of snow and glaciers during a year,as well as the altitudinal variations of 0 °C isotherm,the high flow hydrographs in UBR was separated into two parts:seasonal snowmelt flood of lower altitudes (<3,000 m) and glacier-snow melt flow in high altitudes (3,000–4,296 m).The daily baseflow hydrograph of UBR was separated by the digital filtering technique.It is concluded that the contributions of snowmelt flow,glacier melt flow,and baseflow (includes rainfall runoff component) to total annual flow volumes are 27.2% (±2.7%),8.5% (±1.7%),and 64.3% (±3.0%),respectively.The speed of air temperature rise in spring may be the controlling factor for monthly snowmelt flow distributions in the snow-fed river.The volume of snowmelt was determined by spring precipitation (SP) and previous winter's precipitation (PWP).The PWP changes can explain 43.7% of snowmelt changes during 1981–2010 in UBR,while snowmelt change in 1957–1980 is more impacted by SP.The determining factor of snowmelt variation was changed from SP to PAP during the recent decades.Precipitation in current year,excluding previous year's rainfall and snowfall,can only explain 32%–70% of the variability in total runoff.
肺部普通裂褶菌感染三例及文献复习

本文分析3例肺部普通裂褶菌感染病例的临床资料,所有患者均具有微生物实验室培养结果。同时通过文献复习,总结分析肺部普通裂褶菌感染的临床表现、影像学特征和治疗方案等,以提高对该病的诊治水平。
Combination of Quercetin,Hirudin and Cinnamaldehyde Promotes Schwann Cell Differentiation and Myelination against High Glucose by Inhibiting ERK Signaling Pathway

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of QHC (combination of quercetin (Q),hirudin (H) and cinnamaldehyd (C)) on Schwann cell differentiation and myelination against high glucose (HG) induced injury.Methods:Primary-culture Schwann cells exposed to HG (50 mmol/L) for 72 h and Schwann cell–dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cocultures exposed to HG (50 mmol/L) for 7 days were employed as in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy.The cells were randomly divided into 10 groups:control (CON,25 mmol/L glucose),HG (50 mmol/L glucose),HG plus 10 μmol/L quercetin (Q),HG plus 0.04 IU/mL hirudin (H),HG plus 100 nmol/L cinnamaldehyd (C),HG plus 10 μmol/L quercetin and 0.04 IU/mL hirudin (QH),HG plus 10 μmol/L quercetin and 50 nmol/L cinnamaldehyd (QC),HG plus 0.04 IU/mL hirudin and 50 nmol/L cinnamaldehyd (HC),HG plus 10 μmol/L quercetin,0.04 IU/mL hirudin and 50 nmol/L cinnamaldehyd (QHC) or 10 μmol/L U0126.Cell differentiation was evaluated by periaxin immunofluorescence staining.The protein expression levels of myelin protein zero (P0),myelin basic protein (MBP),myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),p-ERK,p-c-Jun,c-Jun,notch intracellular domain (NICD) and the mRNA expression levels of P0,MBP,MAG,Krox-20,Notch1 and Jagged1 were detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR analysis.The secretion of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The number and length of the myelin segments were evaluated by MBP immunofluorescence staining.The expression and the location of p-ERK in cocultures were detected by MAG and p-ERK immunofluorescence double staining.Results:Co-treatment with Q,C,H and their combination promoted Schwann cell differentiation,increased CNTF secretion,up-regulated the protein and mRNA expressions of myelin,and increased the number and length of the myelin segments (P<0.01 or P<0.05).In particular,the combination therapy of Q,H and C was superior to the respective monotherapy (P<0.01).Combination therapy of QHC exhibited higher inhibitory activities for ERK signaling related molecules than each monomer or the combination of the two monomers (P<0.01).Conclusions:QHC combination yielded synergy in promoting Schwann cell differentiation and myelination and the protective effect may involve in the inhibition of ERK signaling pathway,providing scientific evidence for better understanding of combination of Q,H and C in clinical applications.
Genus Distributions for Several Types of Ladder-class Graphs

Calculating the genus distributions of ladder graphs is a concerned topic in topological graph theory. In this paper, we formulate several ladder-class graphs by using a starting graph iterative amalgamation with copies of a path to construct a base graph and then adding some edges to the appointed root-vertices of the base graph. By means of transfer matrix and a finer partition of the embeddings, the explicit formulas for the genus distribution polynomials of four types of ladder-class graphs are derived.
一例罕见婴幼儿颈椎骨折脱位伴截瘫的手术护理

目的总结一例罕见颈椎骨折脱位伴截瘫的婴幼儿手术护理方法,为以后的相关研究提供参考。方法2019年4月11日,某院脊柱外科收治了一例因车祸致颈椎骨折脱位伴截瘫患儿,在全身麻醉下取俯卧位实施颈后路第6、7颈椎脱位椎板减压骨折复位内固定术,回顾性分析并总结该患儿的临床资料。结果患儿手术顺利完成,经过6个月的随访,患儿无生命危险,能正常饮食,双上肢能活动、玩耍。结论颈椎骨折脱位伴截瘫的婴幼儿在临床上较为少见,护理管理者应注重人员的快速调配与任务分组实施的及时性,同时应根据患儿的生理特点,实施针对性的护理。
力欣奇继续医学教育园地—思考病例系列(7)答案

入院后考虑患儿发热腹泻经3 d头孢噻肟钠抗感染疗效不明显,C反应蛋白(CRP)仍高,遂改用头孢曲松钠抗感染,18 h后患儿不再发热及腹泻,2 d后复查血常规:白细胞(WBC)5.31×10~9/L,中性粒细胞(N)占0.448,淋巴细胞(L)占0.498;血红蛋白107g/L;血小板545×10~9/L。CRP19.8 mg/L,血培养5 d无细菌生长。继续抗感染1 d后出院。出院情况:体温稳定,精神好,无吐泻,全身无皮疹,无流涕、喷嚏,无咳嗽等。查体:体温36.3 ℃,心率107次/min,呼吸24次/min。反应可,咽无充血,呼吸平稳,双肺呼吸音清晰,无干、湿啰音,心音有力,律齐,未闻及杂音,腹软,无包块,四肢末梢温。
携带跖背动脉皮瓣的长条形踇甲皮瓣修复手指套状缺损

目的总结携带跖背动脉皮瓣的长条形踇甲皮瓣修复手指套状缺损的疗效。方法2016年8月- 2019年5月,收治8例(8指)机器压伤导致的手指套状缺损患者。男5例,女3例;年龄18~45岁,平均28岁。拇指2例、示指4例、中指2例;中节中段以远缺损5例、近节远段以远缺损3例。受伤至入院时间45 min~3 h,平均1.5 h。切取携带跖背动脉皮瓣的长条形踇甲皮瓣,折叠后以瓦合形式修复伤指创面;供区部分创面植皮修复后拉拢缝合。结果术后受区组织瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均12个月。受区组织瓣色泽、弹性、外观接近正常手指,指甲生长良好。指腹感觉达S3 6例、S4 2例;两点辨别觉为6~10 mm,平均8 mm。供区保留了足趾长度及饱满度,步态无异常。结论携带跖背动脉皮瓣的长条形踇甲皮瓣可有效恢复伤指功能和外形,减少对踇趾的损伤,是修复手指套状缺损的一种理想方法。
不同手术方法治疗老年高血压性脑出血患者的疗效分析

自发性脑出血是脑血管疾病中最常见的一种,其中以基底核区出血最为常见。本研究回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年8月浙江医院神经外科采用不同手术方式治疗的74例老年(年龄≥65岁)高血压性基底核出血患者的临床资料。通过比较不同手术方式患者的临床特征及其疗效,结果发现若患者存在意识障碍并有脑疝表现,应立即采用开颅经颞叶造瘘血肿清除术;若患者有意识障碍但无脑疝表现,采用经侧裂-岛叶入路血肿清除术虽然对脑组织损伤较小,但不如神经内镜下血肿清除术具有优势;若患者无意识障碍,立体定向血肿穿刺引流术是一种损伤最小、且预后最好的方法。
Ubiquitilated Fanconi ID complex embraces DNA

Mono-ubiquitination of the Fanconi ID complex is essential for inter-strand DNA repair and thereby prevents Fanconi anemia, a genetic disorder with high cancer risk. Using cryo-EM, Wang et al. and Alcon et al. compared mono-ubiquitinated and non-ubiquitinated ID compelexes and found that upon mono-ubiquitination, the ID complex undergoes conformational changes to form a ring encircling DNA.
杂原子掺杂提升四氧化三钴电催化性能

发展电解水制氢和金属-空气电池等电化学能源转化与存储技术对于解决日益严峻的能源短缺和环境污染问题具有重要意义。氧气析出反应(OER)是电解水制氢和金属-空气电池的关键半反应,但其缓慢的动力学过程却限制了上述能源技术的快速发展。钌/铱基催化剂是当前最为有效的OER电催化剂,但其高昂的价格和稀缺的储量在一定程度上制约了其大规模实际应用4。因此,亟需研发高效、低成本的非贵金属基OER电催化剂,以满足电化学能源转化与存储技术的迫切需要。近年来,钴基电催化剂,尤其是纳米结构钴基氧化物,由于其价格低廉、制备简单且性能可观而被广泛用作OER电催化剂5。但是钴基氧化物催化剂的催化活性和稳定性都尚不足以满足实际应用,催化机理也亟待深入研究。
中国家族性高胆固醇血症诊疗现状及进展

家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)诊治是个体化医疗甚至精准医疗的代表,早期筛查及治疗可在很大程度上改善患者预后。然而,我国FH患者普遍存在诊断及治疗均不足的情况,不仅国民健康意识不足,而且公共卫生防治体系对于FH筛查及干预管理也不足。FH治疗策略包括治疗性生活方式改善、药物治疗、脂蛋白血浆置换、肝脏移植等。本文旨在对我国FH诊疗现状及进展进行综述,以期提高公众对FH的认知,实现早期识别、及时治疗,并助力我国FH的防治。
Efficient polysulfide blocker from conductive niobium nitride@graphene for Li-S batteries

Lithium sulfur batteries are one of the most promising alternative electrochemical systems, but their practical applications are largely hindered by the serious shuttling problems and sluggish redox kinetics. Here, the conductive and polar niobium nitride (NbN) is in-situ introduced onto graphene with ultrasmall size and high dispersion, and their composite is used to construct an efficient lithium polysulfide blocking layer. The graphene helps to construct highly conductive pathways, and niobium nitride serves as the sulfiphilic sites to chemically adsorb the migrating lithium polysulfides and catalyze their redox conversion. Hence, the cells with the NbN/G interlayers exhibit a long cycle life with a lower capacity decay of 0.096%/cycle at 1 C for 300 cycles and high rate capability of 937mAhg~(–1) at 2 C. Further coupling with a sulfur/carbon nanofiber electrode, the cell with an ultra-high sulfur loading of 10.8mgcm~(–2) delivers an areal capacity of 12.5mAhcm~(–2) at 0.1 C.
Identification of reversible insertion-type lithium storage reaction of manganese oxide with long cycle lifespan

Recently, MnO_2 has gained attention as an electrode material because of its very high theoretical capacity and abundant availability. However, the very high volumetric change caused by its conversion-type reaction results in bad reversibility of charge-discharge. In this study, δ-MnO_2 of thickness 8nm anchored on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNT) by Mn-O-C chemical bonding is synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Numerous ex-situ characterizations of the lithium storage process were performed. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that δ-MnO_2 (0 1 2) thermodynamically prefers bonding with CNTs. Moreover, the interfacial interaction reinforces the connection of Mn-O and reduces the bond strength of Li-O in lithiated MnO_2, which could facilitate an intercalation-type lithium storage reaction. Consequently, the as-synthesized δ-MnO_2 retains an excellent reversible capacity of 577.5 mAh g ~(– 1) in 1000 cycles at a high rate of 2 A g ~(– 1) between 0.1 V and 3.0 V. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of employing the cost-effective transition metal oxides as intercalation lithium storage dominant electrodes for advanced rechargeable batteries.
Capacitive charge storage enables an ultrahigh cathode capacity in aluminum-graphene battery

Aluminum-graphene battery is promising for its abundant raw materials, high power density, ultralong cycle life and superior safety. However, the development of aluminum-graphene battery is currently restricted by its insufficient cathode capacity, calling for a newly developed working mechanism. In addition, an irregular constant increase of the cathode capacity was always observed during cycling, but cannot be explained based on the current understanding. Here, we observed an increase of specific capacity by 60% with stable Coulombic efficiency of 98% during 7000 cycles life of Al-graphene batteries employing AlCl_3/ET3NHCl electrolyte. We demonstrated this growing cathode capacity is attributed to an increasing contribution of capacitive charge storage during cycling, because a gradually enlarged surface area as capacitive active sites is enabled by the exfoliation of graphitic cathode during the periodic intercalation process. Moreover, the graphene cathode was exfoliated more significantly in AlCl_3/ET3NHCl than 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-based electrolyte, which results from the heavier stress on the graphene layers caused by the larger intercalants in AlCl_3/ET3NHCl. The common intercalation of cations with AlCl4 – clusters was therefore supposed to occur during charging. This new proposed mechanism can offer the new thought for future design on high-capacity cathode of Al-ion battery.
The accelerating nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Co films-native oxide Si(100)system induced by high magnetic fields

The morphology evolution and magnetic properties of Co films-native oxide Si(100)were investigated at 873,973,and 1073K in a high magnetic field of 11.5 T.Formation of Kirkendall voids in the Co films was found to cause morphology evolution due to the difference in diffusion flux of Co and Si atoms through the native oxide layer.The high magnetic fields had considerable effect on the morphology evolution by accelerating nanoscale Kirkendall effect.The diffusion mechanism in the presence of high magnetic fields was given to explain the increase of diffusion coefficient.The morphology evolution of Co films on native oxide Si(100)under high magnetic fields during annealing resulted in the magnetic properties variation.
Electroless-hydrothermal construction of nickel bridged nickel sulfide@mesoporous carbon nitride hybrids for highly efficient noble metal-free photocatalytic H_2 production

Metallic Ni bridged NiS@mesoporous carbon nitride hybrids were for the first time fabricated through a one-pot electroless-assisted hydrothermal method. The intimate Ni bridge between the interface of mesoporous carbon nitride and NiS was confirmed by HRTEM and in-depth XPS analysis using an Ar+- cluster sputtering gun and a possible mechanism was put forward to elucidate the formation process of the unique structure. Without adding any noble metals as cocatalysts, the optimized catalyst 10 % NiS/m- CN-160-12 showed a H_2 evolution rate of 1419 μmol·g~(–1)·h~(–1), which is about 34 and 14 fold higher than that of bare mesoporous carbon nitride and NiS, respectively. The dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance was mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of NiS cocatalyst loading and the formation of metallic Ni between the interface of mesoporous carbon nitride and NiS, which served as a charge-transfer bridge to facilitate the transfer and separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs.