mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
The Role of Quality Control in Targeted Next-generation Sequencing Library Preparation

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is getting routinely used in the diagnosis of hereditary diseases, such as human cardiomyopathies. Hence, it is of utter importance to secure high quality sequencing data, enabling the identification of disease-relevant mutations or the conclusion of negative test results. During the process of sample preparation, each protocol for target enrichment library preparation has its own requirements for quality control (QC); however, there is little evidence on the actual impact of these guidelines on resulting data quality. In this study, we analyzed the impact of QC during the diverse library preparation steps of Agilent SureSelect XT target enrichment and Illumina sequencing. We quantified the parameters for a cohort of around 600 samples, which include starting amount of DNA, amount of sheared DNA, smallest and largest fragment size of the starting DNA; amount of DNA after the pre-PCR, and smallest and largest fragment size of the resulting DNA; as well as the amount of the final library, the corresponding smallest and largest fragment size, and the number of detected variants. Intriguingly, there is a high tolerance for variations in all QC steps, meaning that within the boundaries proposed in the current study, a considerable variance at each step of QC can be well tolerated without compromising NGS quality.
Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of Mouse and Human Cardiac Maturation

Understanding how human cardiomyocytes mature is crucial to realizing stem cell-based heart regeneration, modeling adult heart diseases, and facilitating drug discovery. However, it is not feasible to analyze human samples for maturation due to inaccessibility to samples while cardiomyocytes mature during fetal development and childhood, as well as difficulty in avoiding variations among individuals. Using model animals such as mice can be a useful strategy; nonetheless, it is not well-understood whether and to what degree gene expression profiles during maturation are shared between humans and mice. Therefore, we performed a comparative gene expression analysis of mice and human samples. First, we examined two distinct mice microarray platforms for shared gene expression profiles, aiming to increase reliability of the analysis. We identified a set of genes displaying progressive changes during maturation based on principal component analysis. Second, we demonstrated that the genes identified had a differential expression pattern between adult and earlier stages (e.g., fetus) common in mice and humans. Our findings provide a foundation for further genetic studies of cardiomyocyte maturation.
不同部位直肠癌的临床病理特点及预后分析

目的:探讨不同部位直肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后生存差异。方法:回顾性分析陕西省人民医院2005年6月—2010年5月间行直肠癌根治术且资料完整的522例患者的临床资料,其中高位直肠癌(高位组)91例,中位直肠癌(中位组)168例,低位直肠癌(低位组)263例,分析比较3组间临床病理特点及生存情况。结果:高位组发病年龄最大(64.3岁),肿瘤直径最大(5.1 cm),病理分期最早,5年生存率(63.7%)居中(P<0.05);中位组与高位组在发病年龄上相似,在肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移程度、病理分期上,中位组介于高和低位组之间, 5年生存率(69.6%)最高(P<0.05);与高、中位组相比,低位组发病年龄偏低(60.1岁),肿瘤直径较小,易出现淋巴结转移和远处转移,临床分期较晚,3年及5年生存率最低(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,肿瘤部位是影响直肠癌患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05)。新辅助治疗、Miles手术可以提高低位直肠癌的3年(75.6%,74.1%)及5年生存率(48.8%,53.0%)(P<0.05),腹腔镜技术不是低位直肠癌预后的影响因素(P>0.05)。结论:不同部位直肠癌的临床病理特征及预后存在明显差异,低位直肠癌预后较差。慎重保肛、新辅助治疗对改善患者的预后可能会有积极的作用。
Warpage and Shrinkage Optimization of Injection-Molded Plastic Spoon Parts for Biodegradable Polymers Using Taguchi, ANOVA and Artificial Neural Network Methods

In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of experiments alongside considering all interaction effects of controlling parameters carefully for green biodegradable polymeric systems, including polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid-thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA-TPU) and polylactic acid-thermoplastic starch (PLA-TPS). The experiments were carried out using injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflow~? in order to minimize warpage and volumetric shrinkage for each of the mentioned systems. The analysis was conducted by changing five significant processing parameters, including coolant temperature, packing time, packing pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature. Taguchi’s L_(27) (3~5) orthogonal array was selected as an efficient method for design of simulations in order to consider the interaction effects of the parameters and reduce spurious simulations. Meanwhile, artificial neural network (ANN) was also used for pattern recognition and optimization through modifying the processing conditions. The Taguchi coupled analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ANN analysis resulted in definition of optimum levels for each factor by two completely different methods. According to the results, melting temperature, coolant temperature and packing time had significant influence on the shrinkage and warpage. The ANN optimal level selection for minimization of shrinkage and/or warpage is in good agreement with ANOVA optimal level selection results. This investigation indicates that PLA-TPU compound exhibits the highest resistance to warpage and shrinkage defects compared to the other studied compounds.
Multifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel as Drug Carrier for Localized and Synergic Photothermal/Photodynamics/Chemo Therapy

To combine localized drug release with multimodal therapy for malignant tumor, a composite hydrogel as an integrative drug delivery system was facilely prepared. The system contains spinach extract (SE), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanocages (AuNCs). SE conduces to the formation of hydrogel, and also serves as a green material for improving the biocompatibility of hydrogel, and a natural photosensitizer for killing tumor cells under laser radiation (660 nm). AuNCs show obvious photothermy and can enhance the generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen (~1O_2). The composite hydrogel shell on tumor cells exhibits several competitive advantages including enhanced antitumor effect by retaining the high concentration of drugs around cancer cell, excellent PDT/PTT compatibility as well as high loading and controllable release of fluorouracil (5-FU) for synergetic multimodal treatment. The survival rate of HeLa cells incubated with 5-FU loaded hydrogel under NIR radiation for 10 min sharply decreases to 1.2%, indicating remarkably improved antitumor effects. These results demonstrate that the hydrogel is an excellent delivery carrier for localizable, NIR-responsive and combined PTT/PDT/Chemo synergetic antitumor.
Growth and luminescence properties of Eu-doped HfO_2/α-Al_2O_3 eutectic scintillator

HfO_2/α-Al_2O_3 eutectics were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method at the composition of 63.2 mol.% α-Al_2O_3, 35.512 mol.% HfO_2, 0.92 mol.% Eu_2O_3 and 0.368 mol.% Y_2O_3. Rod phases with around 3–4 μm diameter were observed on the transverse cross-section. The phase-separated scintillator fibers (PSSFs) structure with fibers of around 3–4 μm diameter and 10–20 μm length was observed. The electron back scattering patterns indicated crystal orientation of [101] for monoclinic HfO_2 rod phase and [0001] for α-Al_2O_3 matrix in the transverse cross-section. Eu~(3+) 4f-4f emission was observed at 550–750 nm.
An Upward Shallowing Succession of Gravity Flow Deposits in the Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation, Western Yellow Sea

Several well-exposed gravity flow deposits in the Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opportunity to study deep-water processes. The main objective of this work is to establish the spatial and temporal relationships between the various gravity flow deposits, and thus to establish their sequence stratigraphic patterns and depositional conditions.
“海洋性大陆”观测研究计划介绍及中国参与进展

海洋性大陆(Maritime Continent,以下简称MC)是指由中南半岛、菲律宾群岛、印度尼西亚群岛、新几内亚岛等众多岛屿和中国南海及一系列浅海组成的区域(图1),该地区地处太平洋、印度洋、亚洲、大洋洲的连接地带,是中国战略构想“海上丝绸之路”的必经之地。MC地区特殊的地理位置、复杂的海陆分布和地形状况,使其成为连接太平洋和印度洋、地球大气低纬度和中高纬度地区、以及对流层和平流层的重要纽带,是全球海洋、大气环流系统中最重要的能量源区之一,对该区域的洪水和干旱等高影响性事件的预测极具挑战性。
周期性呼吸的研究进展

周期性呼吸是一种异常的呼吸模式,可引起频繁的觉醒,使睡眠结构片段化,导致睡眠质量下降,严重影响人们的身体健康。周期性呼吸产生的主要机制是负反馈调节,其类型可分为生理性(婴幼儿及儿童、健康人运动后等)和病理性(心力衰竭患者、进入高海拔地区和药物相关性中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停) 。目前对于周期性呼吸的病因、形成机制及治疗方面还存在较多争议,本研究主要从周期性呼吸的形成机制、分类及治疗等方面的进展进行综述。
植入式医疗设备电磁共振无线能量传输系统天线对人体电磁辐射安全影响的研究

电磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术利用两个具有相同谐振频率、高品质因数的线圈,当其处于谐振状态时,通过电磁振荡、依靠非辐射场来实现能量的高效传输,因具有较好的距离、空间自由度和效率优势,成为人体植入式装置无线能量供给的创新方法。针对心脏起搏器能量无线传输问题,设计一种新型的植入式天线系统。为验证其人体辐射安全性,针对人体胸腔构建3层介质模型,应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,使用HFSS软件对胸腔比吸收率(SAR)进行数值仿真。结果表明,在线圈间距10 mm,中间具有0.1 mm空气层、0.2 mm皮肤层和约9.7 mm肌肉层,激励为9.17 MHz、1 W的条件下,利用这个天线系统对人体植入式设备进行无线能量传输,正常工作情况下10 g生物组织的平均SAR值为0.009W/kg,非正常工作情况下10 g生物组织的平均SAR值最大为0.823 W/kg,均低于国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)制定的安全标准,从而验证该植入式天线系统对人体影响的安全性。
不同孔径丝素蛋白支架体内降解观察

近年来,丝素蛋白支架因其固有的低免疫原性、良好的生物相容性在组织工程研究中备受关注。通过观察不同孔径丝素蛋白支架在活体Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠体内不同时间点降解的形态学特点,了解材料的结构特性对丝素蛋白支架降解的影响。将3种不同孔径丝素蛋白支架:SF1(平均孔径(20 ± 1.5)μm,平均孔隙率86.8% ± 0.2%)、SF2(平均孔径(100 ± 8)μm,平均孔隙率92.4% ± 0.1%)、SF3(平均孔径(200 ± 15)μm,平均孔隙率96.6% ± 0.1%)随机植入12只SD大鼠背部皮下,分别于术后6、12、18、24周随机取材,分别进行大体观察、组织切片HE染色和Masson染色。结果显示,不同孔径丝素蛋白支架在体内的降解速率不同:SF1 24周内未见明降解, SF2 24周内降解约40%,SF3至24周时基本崩解。植入早期丝素蛋白支架主要被炎性细胞及成纤维细胞浸润,后期主要为成纤维细胞,并可见胶原纤维包绕并生长入材料。孔径较大的丝素蛋白支架比孔径较小的降解速度快,可通过改变丝素蛋白支架的孔径有效干预丝素蛋白支架在生物体内的降解速率,以适应不同组织修复的需求。
Research proceedings on amphibian model organisms

Model organisms have long been important in biology and medicine due to their specific characteristics. Amphibians, especially Xenopus, play key roles in answering fundamental questions on developmental biology, regeneration, genetics, and toxicology due to their large and abundant eggs, as well as their versatile embryos, which can be readily manipulated and developed in vivo. Furthermore, amphibians have also proven to be of considerable benefit in human disease research due to their conserved cellular developmental and genomic organization. This review gives a brief introduction on the progress and limitations of these animal models in biology and human disease research, and discusses the potential and challenge of Microhyla fissipes as a new model organism.
Climatology and interannual variability of the annual mean Hadley circulation in CMIP5 models

Using 26 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), climatology and the interannual variability of the annual mean Hadley circulation are evaluated. The results show that most of 26 models perform well in simulating the spatial structure of the climatology of the annual mean Hadley circulation, but the results derived from these models are generally weaker than that derived from the reanalysis dataset. Eighteen models can properly simulate well the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode of the annual mean Hadley circulation variability. Two models can only simulate asymmetric mode or symmetric mode and the other two models simulate reversed sequences of asymmetric mode and symmetric mode. The possible reason why some models cannot properly simulate the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode is that these models do not properly simulate the structure of zonal mean sea surface temperature (SST). Especially, not properly simulating variances of symmetric and asymmetric components of the SSTA will lead to reversed sequence of symmetric mode and asymmetric mode. And not properly simulated either symmetric or asymmetric component of the SSTA will lead to inability in simulating symmetric mode or asymmetric mode. On the other hand, some models properly simulate the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode, but do not properly simulate the responses to SST change. These models can not reflect the air sea coupling processes in associated with the Hadley circulation, therefore they should be taken more care when classify the models into groups.
剖宫产切口妊娠的临床诊疗探讨

目的分析剖宫产切口妊娠(caesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的临床治疗策略和效果,为临床上合理并个体化诊治该疾病提供资料。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院收治的76例CSP患者的临床资料,针对该疾病临床发病特点、诊断、治疗策略及效果进行剖析。结果CSP临床表现多见停经、不同程度的阴道出血和血β-hCG水平升高。35例患者行子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)+腹部B超引导下清宫术,20例患者行UAE后宫腹腔镜联合手术,9例患者行UAE后宫腔镜手术,6例患者行MTX+腹部B超引导下清宫术,4例患者行米非司酮+腹部B超引导下清宫术,2例患者经腹病灶切除+修补术。有2例患者因大出血中转经腹手术, 1例行全子宫切除。所有患者均好转或痊愈出院。结论CSP有可能导致子宫大出血甚至危及生命,临床应加以重视,及时发现并行子宫动脉栓塞术,再选择合适手术至关重要,宫腔镜术安全有效且最为微创,当妊娠物极近浆膜层时,可考虑宫腹腔镜联合手术。
无保护接生与传统接生的临床对照研究

目的探讨无保护接生与传统接生在临床中的使用效果。方法选择2013年2月至2014年10月在江苏省镇江市妇幼保健院拟行生理产的低危产妇280例作为研究对象。随机分为对照组与观察组各140例,对照组产妇采用传统保护接生,观察组采用无保护接生。比较两组产妇会阴裂伤情况、二产程时间、产后出血量、产后24h内会阴疼痛程度和产妇满意度。结果两组产妇的会阴裂伤(Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度)及会阴疼痛程度、满意度,对照组分别为:35.00%、70.00%、90.00%,观察组分别为:24.29%、25.00%、100.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组之间二产程时间虽无差异,但与对照组相比,观察组产后出血量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论无保护接生明显降低了会阴侧切率与会阴裂伤率,减轻了产妇在产后会阴的疼痛,提高了产妇产后的舒适度与满意度,降低了产后出血,促进自然分娩,可以在临床广泛推广使用。
Anode Engineering of Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Using Treated ITO

ITO substrates were treated with organic solvent cleaning(OSC), SC1 treatment[V(NH_4OH):V(H_2O_2):V(H_2O)=1:1:5], O_2 plasma and UV ozone, respectively. Combined investigations of atom force microscopy(AFM), water contact angle measurements, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy(UPS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS) demonstrated that UV ozone treatment could give rise to the smoothest surface, the most hydrophilic property and the highest work function(WF) of ITO due to the removal of hydrophobic C―O impurity from the ITO surface and the enrichments of more oxygen on the ITO surface. When PEDOT:PSS film[(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)] was deposited on the ITO substrates treated with UV ozone, it showed a lower root-mean- square roughness in AFM images, a higher transmission in UV-Vis transmission spectra and a higher WF in UPS spectra than the PEDOT:PSS films deposited on the ITO substrates treated by other three methods. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells(PSCs) based on PTB7:PC71BM as an active layer and ITO treated by UV ozone as an anode can reach 8.48% because of the simultaneously improved short circuit current, open circuit voltage and fill factor compared to the PSCs with ITO treated with other three methods.
Design, Synthesis, Inhibiting HDACs Ability and Antitumor Activity of Pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Hydroxamate Derivatives

A series of novel pyrimidin-4(3H)-one hydroxamate derivatives was designed, synthesized and studied for their activities against histone deacetylases(HDACs). The results indicate that all the compounds show HDACs inhibitiory activity. The antiproliferative activities of the compounds against HeLa and A549 cells were also investigated. The pharmacological results show compound 9g has potent activity in the enzymatic inhibition assay and cell-based assay.
人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效分析

[目的]分析人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效,并与传统术式进行对比。[方法]选取本科近2年收治的老年股骨颈骨折患者中符合研究需求者78例,随机均分为两组,研究组为采用人工股骨头置换治疗的患者,对照组为采用全髋关节置换术的患者。对两组患者采用术后髋关节功能优良率的对比、术中观察指标的对比、远期髋关节功能的对比、术后不同时间等方面进行手术方法效果的评价。[结果]研究组患者术后髋关节功能的优良率为84.62%,对照组为61.54%,研究组髋关节功能优良率明显高于对照组。研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者术后6个月评分明显优于术后3个月;研究组术后随访3、6个月髋关节评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。对照组和研究组之间的不良反应不存在统计学意义(P > 0.05)。[结论]对于老年股骨颈骨折患者,使用人工股骨头置换治疗有利于提高术后远期临床疗效,减少不良反应的发生,值得进行临床推广。
血吸虫肠病误诊为炎症性肠病61例分析

血吸虫肠病是血吸虫虫卵在结肠、直肠壁沉着导致肠道损害所引起的的临床急慢性特异性患者。由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,与炎症性肠病(IBD)等其他肠道疾病表现相似。其诊断往往需考虑疫水接触史,结合临床表现和大便中检出血吸虫虫卵,最终经病理或相关免疫学方法确诊。本文分析既往结肠镜检查误诊的患者资料,分析误诊原因,探讨降低血吸虫肠病误诊率的策略。
Experiment on Spray Cooling Performance with Different Additives of Different Mass Fraction

As an efficient cooling method for high heat flux field,spray cooling has a great application potential on aircraft directed energy weapon cooling.Based on previous research results,an experimental system of open-loop spray cooling was established,and the potassium chloride aqueous solutions and ethylene glycol aqueous solutions with different mass fractions were applied to investigate the influence of different additives on spray cooling system performance.Besides,theoretical analysis was conducted according to the droplet breakage principle and the characteristic parameters of fluid mechanics.The results indicate that heat transfer can be enhanced by adding potassium chloride up to a certain concentration and then decrease with higher concentration.Heat transfer is deteriorated with the increase of ethylene glycol concentration.Both of the two additives can reduce the freezing point of the system,and ethylene glycol is preferred to improve the application range of the system in consideration of the corrosion of salt solution.
甲状腺髓样癌超声表现1例

MTC超声特征多为实性均质或不均质回声结节,形状多呈圆形或椭圆形,边界清晰,内可伴有微小钙化或粗大钙化,结节内血流丰富,这主要与病灶内血窦丰富有关。恶性程度高的MTC表现为形态不规则、边界不清晰。多数MTC的声像图表现与良性结节非常相似,恶性征象不像PTC那样典型,易误诊为良性结节。MTC与PTC相比更多地表现为圆形或椭圆形,边界清晰,回声均匀,易复发、转移,与良性结节相比可见小的点状钙化、淋巴结转移等。但包膜完整的MTC非常容易与良性结节混淆。
Kaposi型血管内皮细胞瘤超声表现1例

讨论Kaposi型血管内皮细胞瘤(kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, KHE)由Zukerberg和Weiss等人于1993年首次提出,是一种好发于儿童和青少年、组织形态学上具有毛细血管型血管瘤和Kaposi型肉瘤两者特点的低度恶性肿瘤。KHE病理特点是瘤细胞为梭形的血管内皮细胞,周围组织纤维化,与瘤体界限不清,瘤体可侵犯并破坏临近的骨组织,这是肿瘤侵袭性生长的证据,也是本例KHE在影像学上出现骨质破坏表现的组织学基础。本例KHE在X线和超声上均可看到骨质破坏的表现,超声还可看到表现为软组织肿块的瘤体的超声表现,但缺乏特征性,易与溶骨性骨肉瘤、骨结核、嗜酸性肉芽肿等以骨质破坏及局部软组织肿块为主要超声表现的疾病混淆,因此目前KHE确诊主要依靠病理组织学检查。
PBL在医学教育中的现状及法医学专业的应用建议

PBL教学自1969年提出以来,迅速在世界范围内得到推广,现成为医学教育中受到推崇的教学模式。国内外医学院校在临床医学专业中对PBL教学进行了颇有借鉴价值的探索,国内不少院校在法医学专业教学中也开展了PBL教学实践。本文通过对国内外医学院校在临床医学和法医学专业开展PBL教学的方式和成果概述,分析法医学PBL教学中的问题,并提出相关完善建议。
外伤性迟发性脾破裂法医学鉴定1例

本例鉴定提示,在对致伤物种类、损伤机制、着力部位综合分析基础上,排除脾脏其他病理改变是做出损伤程度为重伤二级鉴定意见的关键。同时鉴定人认真审查伤者就诊过程中的血液生化检查、影像学改变等临床资料,在鉴别伤者原有脾脏疾病上发挥重要作用,确保损伤程度鉴定意见的准确。
一例特殊自杀的法医学分析

勘查发现死者被铁丝固定在驾驶座位上,容易误判为他杀。勘查发现车辆在行驶中着火,燃烧十分迅速,着火后他人无法下车,因此分析不存在第二人;汽车内有打火机,死者自己可以完成点火燃烧这一过程;结合侦查证实死者实名购买汽油桶、汽油以及铁丝分析死者胸腹部环套铁丝为主动所为。最终判定为自杀案件。
汉江中下游闸站改造工程基础处理关键技术

汉江中下游部分闸站改造工程是南水北调中线一期工程的重要组成部分,是汉江中下游四项治理工程之一。受南水北调中线一期工程实施后调水的影响,丹江口水库以下汉江中下游部分水闸、泵站运行期水位降低,为恢复和改善灌溉、供水条件,国家立项对汉江中下游部分闸站工程进行改造。涉及改造的闸站共185处,其中154处小型闸站进行局部整治和补偿,另外31处较大的闸站进行单项改造。该项目总投资54 558万元,其中154处小型闸站投资1 618万元,31处单项改造的闸站投资52 940万元。
粉煤灰最优掺量及高掺灰对碾压混凝土性能影响的研究

在国内大中型水利水电工程混凝土施工中,采用碾压混凝土施工技术占了较大比例,碾压混凝土配合比设计龄期较长,国内设计龄期一般为90 d或180d,而国外有些工程设计龄期长达一年,较长的设计龄期对高掺灰碾压混凝土后期强度发展十分有利。合适的粉煤灰掺量既能改善混凝土的工作性能,降低混凝土绝热温升,提高混凝土质量,又能节省材料费用;但若粉煤灰掺量过大,混凝土中水泥用量不足,水泥早期水化产生的Ca(OH)_2较少,混凝土的pH值较小,则粉煤灰的后期二次水化氛围无法形成,混凝土的各种性能无法得以保证。粉煤灰的活性是通过水泥早期水化产物Ca(OH)_2与粉煤灰中的SiO_2、Al_2O_3等活性成分在中后期进行二次水化后形成了C_3A、C_3S、C_2S等凝胶性质的产物而得到利用的。
丰满水电站重建工程压力钢管三维非线性有限元研究

丰满水电站位于吉林省吉林市的第二松花江干流上。枢纽主要建筑物由碾压混凝土重力坝、坝身泄洪系统、坝后式引水发电系统及利用的原三期电站组成。丰满水电站引水建筑物布置在20~#~ 25~#坝段,采用单机单管引水形式,压力钢管直径8.8 m,单机引用流量390.23 m~3/s,管内流速6.42 m/s。压力钢管采用垫层式浅埋管,钢管斜管段与坝面平行,管顶外包混凝土最小厚度1.50 m,大坝施工时采用预留钢管槽方案,预留槽宽度和深度均为11.8 m,采用C30F200混凝土回填,管顶混凝土外缘与大坝下游面齐平。厂房采用坝后式厂房,机组安装高程187.00 m,如图1所示。
弧形闸门弹簧压紧式转铰水封装置漏水缺陷的处理

(1) 门楣外置弹簧压紧装置在丰满重建工程泄洪兼导流洞上出口弧门上应用,是可行的,能较好地预防压力水从面板与门楣间隙射出,防止了发生橡胶止水自激震动。(2) 改进后的转铰水封装置,较好地解决了外置弹簧压紧装置压紧套筒部位渗漏水的缺陷,并进一步完善了弹簧压紧式转铰水封装置的结构设计,工作性能更为稳定,进而减少了检修、维护成本。(3) 以“前后同堵”处理方法进行闸门构件渗漏水缺陷,可作为处理类似缺陷的一个参考。
丰满水库调度有关基础资料问题的历史沿革

由于历史原因,丰满发电厂水库调度的许多基础资料有许多版本,一些设计参数也随着年代的不同有许多不同的设计值。通过丰满水库近70多年的运行来看,主要的问题集中在库容曲线、设计洪水及入库流量负值三个方面。随着丰满水电站大坝全面治理工程的进展,这三个方面的问题显得更加突出。本着对历史负责、对未来负责的态度,本文将这三个问题从历史上的变迁进行一个系统总结,希望对今后丰满水库的运行、调度有一定的参考作用。
Adult Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

To the Editor: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is caused by recurrent episodes of complete or partial collapse of the upper airways during sleep and can induce apnea or hypopnea. Recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxia and higher carbon dioxide levels may lead to frequent interruption of sleep.[1] Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is characterized by the involuntary and recurrent voiding of urine during sleep. NE is a symptom of childhood OSAS, while it is rare in adults. Monosymptomatic NE (MNE) is defined as NE without daytime symptoms. We report an adult woman with MNE associated with severe OSAS whose symptoms completely disappeared after nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.
Selection of microalgae for high CO_2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater

As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO_2 fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO_2 fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO_2, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO_2 fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15 day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO_2 fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.
参照法穿刺技术在老年下胸椎及腰椎压缩骨折PVP和PKP手术中的应用体会

随着现代社会人口老龄化的加剧,骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, OVCF)的发生率明显升高,长期卧床等保守治疗,患者生活质量较差、护理成本高,且有较高病死率;而老年患者若行开放手术治疗,创伤大,风险也较高,因骨质疏松易出现内固定失效并发症,且有些高龄患者不能耐受开放手术。椎体成形术(PVP)和椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗OVCF具有创伤小且止痛效果良好的特点。PVP和PKP均为经皮闭合穿刺,需在医学影像设备监视下进行。目前,大多在普通C型臂X线机透视下体表投影定位下进行进行手术,在其监视下穿刺精度相对较差,对术者经验要求较高,穿刺次数及透视次数相对较多。本组采用C型臂X线机透视下靶点细针参照法引导穿刺行PVP和PKP治疗37例OVCF患者,穿刺精度明显提高,效果满意,报告如下。
肥胖通往糖尿病的分子生物学探索之路:第76届美国糖尿病学会年会Banting奖演讲解读

2016年6月12日上午,美国新奥尔良市国际会展中心,哈佛医学院Beth Irsael Deaconess医学中心医学部研究策略副主席Barbara B Kahn教授,荣获第76届美国糖尿病学会(American Diabetes Association, ADA)科学年会Banting医学成就奖。Kahn教授是全球知名的研究肥胖和糖尿病发病分子机制的医学科学家。她的研究从分子生物学角度提高了人们对肥胖作为糖尿病发病主要危险因素的理解,开拓性地提出脂肪和其他组织的“交流”调节着全身胰岛素的敏感性,同时令人惊奇地发现:腺苷酸活化的蛋白激酶(AMPK)是调控机体能量代谢的关键物质;脂肪组织内的葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT-4)也能调节脂肪因子分泌,包括视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP-4)以及与胰岛素增敏、机体抗炎有关的一类新脂质。这些新脂质甚至可以影响胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)和胰岛素分泌。她的研究进一步强化了脂肪组织也是内分泌器官的临床概念,奠定了针对多种疾病进行新药研发的理论基础。少女时代就患1型糖尿病的Kahn既是医生,又是患者;既是富有开拓精神的实验科学家,又是十分活跃的临床糖尿病专家,在美国糖尿病代谢病领域她是位于前1%的佼佼者。Kahn教授在获奖致辞中,回顾了20年来探索脂肪组织通往糖尿病的系列研究,再次唤起一万多名与会学者对当今热门研究课题的学术共鸣,并从其“研究-问题-假设-验证-新的问题-假设-验证……”的科研思路中,充分感受到医学科学的严谨和无穷魅力。现将演讲主要内容介绍如下。
2例灰花纹鹅膏中毒救治分析

鹅膏菌属(amanita)中的部分种是我国最主要的致死性毒蘑菇品种,其中灰花纹鹅膏(amanita fuliginea)和致命鹅膏(a. exitialis)比例较高。本文报道一起进食灰花纹鹅膏引起的中毒事件。
克拉玛依市294例院外猝死临床分析及急救干预

猝死是指平素身体“健康”或病情基本稳定的患者,发生非预料中的突然死亡。多数学者主张将发病后1 h内死亡定义为猝死标准。有文献报道猝死约有70%发生于院外,为尽量降低院外猝死人数及尽早采取急救干预措施,本研究利用克拉玛依市急诊科2010年11月至2014年7月间294例院外猝死患者的资料,回顾性分析克拉玛依市区院外猝死患者的特点。
4种固定液对甲状腺冷冻切片固定效果的比较

甲状腺是外科手术中要求进行快速冷冻切片最常见的器官之一,冷冻切片质量受多种因素影响,其中固定液的选取至关重要。作者通过比较4种常用固定液对甲状腺冷冻切片的固定效果,为临床准确诊断甲状腺疾病提供依据。
扭转冲击提速工具在文安区块的现场应用

钻具黏滑振动现象造成PDC钻头过早失效是限制PDC钻头在深井、超深井硬地层应用的一个重要因素。针对该问题,研制了扭转提速冲击工具。该工具通过给钻头提供一定频率的扭转冲击力,从而抑制钻具黏滑振动,提高钻速。通过室内实验验证了周期性扭转冲击外载能够有效地抑制PDC钻头的黏滑效应。现场试验结果表明,使用扭转冲击提速工具后的机械钻速提高了102%。该研究为扭转冲击提速工具在钻井过程中的合理应用提供了理论依据。
低渗透气藏直井合理井距研究

针对低渗透气藏渗流过程中受启动压力梯度和井间干扰作用影响的问题,结合2口采气井流线场分布特点,运用渗流力学原理,建立流动单元内可驱动面积比、有效渗流半径比、有效压力梯度比及渗流单元内压力梯度与低渗透气藏启动压力梯度之间关系,计算获得低渗透气藏天然能量开发合理生产井距。结果表明,在1个有效渗流单元内,有效渗流半径比越大,则压力梯度比越小,有效面积比越大。将新方法应用于实际区块合理井距计算中,对比区块实际井距,计算准确率达到93% 新方法对低渗透气藏合理井距确定具有重要意义.
致密气水平井分段多簇压裂关键参数优选

针对致密气藏压裂效果差的问题,综合考虑排量、射孔摩阻、压裂后生产数据等参数,运用弹性力学方法,建立诱导应力计算模型。结合实际井数据,优选了簇间距、射孔数、射孔位置等参数。结果表明:簇间距的选取受施工净压力与地应力差的限制;单段总射孔数受排量、地应力差的影响,单簇射孔数与簇数需根据实际条件调节;最佳射孔位置为含气量高、天然裂缝发育、地应力差较低的区域该文对致密气藏现场选取合理射孔参数,提高压裂效果具有重要指导作用。
累积存水率变化规律及参数确定

针对含水上升规律与累积存水率变化规律之间缺乏对应理论基础的问题,以常用的4种含水上升规律为基础,利用定积分方法,结合物质平衡方程,建立了各自对应的累积存水率与采出程度关系式,并给出了4个不同累积存水率变化规律的待定参数确定方法,丰富了累积存水率变化规律的评价方法研究表明,油田含水上升规律不同,其累积存水率变化规律也不同,其实质是由于水驱油特征的差异所决定的。实例应用表明,甲型与丁型累积存水率变化规律为凸形曲线,表明低含水期含水上升速度慢,累积存水率下降慢,高含水期含水上升速度快,累积存水率下降快;乙型与丙型累积存水率变化规律为凹形曲线,表现出的开发特征与凸形相反研究成果对油田注水开发效果评价及累积存水率变化规律优选具有一定的借鉴作用。
页岩气藏压裂水平井产量影响因素评价

基于对页岩岩心的核磁共振实验、扫描电镜观察结果及进气、放气实验的调研分析,并采用源函数法、Laplace变换法建立了考虑页岩中气体溶解、吸附、含水、滑脱等因素的三重介质页岩气藏多级压裂水平井产量预测模型,以评价主要开发影响因素对页岩气藏多级压裂水平井产量的影响。通过实例验证了模型的可靠性,并评价了影响开发的关键因素对产量的敏感性。分析结果表明:页岩中含有溶解气,且溶解气对页岩气井产量的影响不容忽视;页岩含水饱和度、有机质含量、溶解参数和吸附参数均对页岩气井产量存在明显影响。该研究对于页岩气藏开发过程中提高气井产量预测的准确性具有一定指导意义。
NPI产量递减分析在海上油田试井中的应用

针对海上油田压力恢复试井关井时间短及测试井次少,录取资料有时难以全面反映油田储层参数和边界响应这一问题。基于NPI现代产量递减分析方法,在考虑不同探测半径的理论曲线基础上,进一步考虑不同表皮系数的影响,建立了新型理论图版,在不关井条件下结合历史生产数据开展试井解释。实践应用表明,文中方法在具有永久式井下压力计的生产井中具有较好的应用效果,尤其在不需要关井的情况下即可确定储层参数、原始地质储量及识别储层边界。该方法操作简单、实用性强,减少了停产测试所造成的经济损失,提高了经济效益。