mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
TOF–SIMS surface analysis of chemical components of size–fractioned urban aerosols in a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing

Size–fractioned atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing.The organic and inorganic components on the surfaces of the samples were analyzed using time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS).The variation characteristics of the surface chemical composition and influencing factors were studied,and the possible sources of these chemical compositions were identified through principal component analysis.The results showed that inorganic components such as crustal elements and sulfate,and organic components such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen–containing organic groups were present.Some surface components,such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,heavy metals and fluorides may exert adverse effects on human health.The species and relative percentages of the chemical components varied with particle size,diurnal and pollution progress.During a heavy pollution event,the species and relative percentages of secondary components such as oxygen–containing organic groups and sulfurous compounds increased,indicating that particles aged during this event.The surface chemical composition of the aerosol particles was affected mainly by emissions from coal combustion and motor vehicles.In addition,air pollution,meteorological factors,and air mass transport also exerted a significant effect on the surface chemical composition of aerosol particles.
Ⅰ 期肠内置管外引流对坏死性小肠结肠炎患儿手术效果及术后营养、胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨应用Ⅰ期肠内置管外引流术治疗新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的手术效果及对患儿营养、胃肠功能的影响。方法选取周口市中心医院实施手术治疗的77例NEC患儿,病例收集时间2012年7月至2016年6月,根据手术方法分为A组40例(采用Ⅰ期肠造瘘术或肠外置24 h切除术,2~3个月后实施Ⅱ期肠闭瘘术)、B组37例(采用Ⅰ期肠内置管外引流,7~10 d后对患儿实施Ⅱ期探查肠造瘘术或肠切除术,2~3个月后实施Ⅲ期肠闭瘘术);对比2组患儿的手术效果、术后营养及胃肠功能。结果B组患儿的手术时间[(75.0±9.8) min]显著低于A组[(84.2±11.6) min],差异有统计学意义(t=3.744,P<0.001);B组的治愈率(62.16%)显著高于A组(37.50%)(χ~2=4.677,P=0.031);术后第1天2组患儿的血清清蛋白(Alb)、前清蛋白(PA)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后2周、术后1个月,B组患儿的血清Alb[(109.2±6.7) g/L、(113.8±8.0) g/L]、PA[(34.0±5.6) g/L、(42.9±4.7) g/L]均高于A组Alb[(105.1±7.3) g/L、(109.0±7.6) g/L]、PA[(30.1±4.8) g/L、(37.6±5.1) g/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);术后第1天,2组患儿的血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MLT)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2周、术后1个月,B组患儿的血清GAS[(96.3±10.8) ng/L、(119.4±14.0) ng/L]、MLT[(270.5±34.8) ng/L、(298.1±33.2) ng/L]均高于A组血清GAS[(89.5±9.6) ng/L、(101.4±12.7) ng/L]、MLT[(244.2±30.1) ng/L、(267.0±28.6) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);B组患儿手术并发症发生率(21.74%)显著低于A组(53.33%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.027,P=0.045)。结论应用改良的手术方法治疗NEC患儿可在一定程度上提高治愈率,对患儿手术后的胃肠功能恢复、营养学指标影响更小一些。
Relevance between fractional-order hybrid model and unified equivalent circuit model of electric vehicle power battery

Lithium-ion battery has gradually become the main power battery for electric vehicles. Battery models play an important role in battery design and safe operation. However, an accurate, intuitive, and efficient model is not available easily, because it is highly complex, nonlinear and uncertain. Battery models are divided into electrochemical model, thermal model, stochastic model, neural network model, and equivalent circuit model (ECiBaM) [1]. ECiBaMs use different physical components, such as voltage source, resister and capacitor to simulate the battery I-V characteristics. Due to the intuitive simulation and electrical design, ECiBaMs have been widely used, such as Thevenin, PNGV, and n-order RC. However, the traditional ECiBaMs did not take into account the battery nonlinear capacity. Thus, it is difficult to describe the battery run time accurately [2].
GeC film with high substitutional carbon concentration formed by ion implantation and solid phase epitaxy for strained Ge n-MOSFETs

Ge is considered as a promising channel material to replace Si because of its high carrier mobility than Si and compatibility with conventional Si process [1–3]. Strain engineering has been widely used in Si-based devices and can also be adopted in Ge-based devices to extend scaling limits and further improve device performance. It has been reported that electron and hole mobility of Ge are boosted by compressive and tensile strain, respectively [4]. Although strained Ge p-MOSFETs have been experimentally demonstrated, there are few reports on strained Ge n-MOSFETs. In order to introduce tensile strain in the channel of Ge n-MOSFETs, embedded source/drain (S/D) with smaller lattice constant than Ge as tensile stressors is an effective method. Among tensile stressor materials, GeC is a promising candidate due to its large lattice mismatch with Ge, which could induce high tensile strain in the channel. In spite of the advantages of GeC, there are still some challenges for the application of GeC into high performance devices, such as the low substitutional carbon concentration (Csub) in Ge. Firstly, the equilibrium solid solubility of C in Ge is extremely low (~108 atoms/cm~3) [5]. Secondly, the Ge-C bond length (~1.9 A) is shorter than Ge-Ge bond (2.41 A), which means large strain around substitutional C atoms in Ge [6]. The strain may be relieved by forming interstitial C atoms, which has been observed in Si [7]. In addition, subsequent thermal processes are likely to precipitate C atoms out from substitutional sites, resulting in the reduction of Csub [8]. So it is very important to improve Csub in GeC film.
Suppression of explosion by polynomial noise for nonlinear differential systems

In this paper, we study the problem of the suppression of explosion by noise for nonlinear non-autonomous differential systems. For a deterministic non-autonomous differential system dx(t) = f(x(t), t)dt, which can explode at a finite time, we introduce polynomial noise and study the perturbed system dx(t) = f(x(t), t)dt+ h(t)~(1/2) |x(t)|~ß Ax(t)dB(t). We demonstrate that the polynomial noise can not only guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the global solution for the perturbed system, but can also make almost every path of the global solution grow at most with a certain general rate and even decay with a certain general rate (including super-exponential, exponential, and polynomial rates) under specific weak conditions.
Defect characterization of amorphous silicon thin film solar cell based on low frequency noise

The reliability of solar cells is the key factor to determine the performance and lifetime of photovoltaic products. Compared to the insensitivity of traditional electrical detection and the limitations of in-situ characterizationmethods, noise measurement has been widely used in semiconductor device reliability characterization for its rapid, sensitive and nondestructive. The energy band structure shows that there are two kinds of defects exist in amorphous silicon solar cells. One is the bandtail states, which concentration will increase with illumination time and will result in 1/f noise, the other one is the deep-level traps, which act as recombination centers for the carriers, and they are the origination of generation-recombination (GR) noise.
Modeling dark signal of CMOS image sensors irradiated by reactor neutron using Monte Carlo method

The dark signal degradation of the CMOS image sensor (CIS) was induced by neutron radiation, and it was modeled by Geant4, which is a three-dimensional Monte Carlo code. The simplified model of the CIS array was established according to the actual pixel geometry, material, and doping concentration. Nuclear elastic interaction and capture interaction were included in the physical processes, and the displacement damage dose in the space charge region of the pixel was calculated. The mean dark signal and dark signal distribution were modeled using Geant4, and the physical mechanisms were analyzed. The modeling results were in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical results.
Review on flexible photonics/electronics integrated devices and fabrication strategy

In recent years, to meet the greater demand for next generation electronic devices that are transplantable, lightweight and portable, flexible and large-scale integrated electronics attract much more attention have been of interest in both industry and academia. Organic electronics and stretchable inorganic electronics are the two major branches of flexible electronics. With the semiconductive and flexible properties of the organic semiconductor materials, flexible organic electronics have become a mainstay of our technology. Compared to organic electronics, stretchable and flexible inorganic electronics are fabricated via mechanical design with inorganic electronic components on flexible substrates, which have stretchability and flexibility to enable very large deformations without degradation of performance. This review summarizes the recent progress on fabrication strategies, such as hydrodynamic organic nanowire printing and inkjet-assisted nanotransfer printing of flexible organic electronics, and screen printing, soft lithography and transfer printing of flexible inorganic electronics. In addition, this review considers large-scale organic and inorganic flexible electronic systems and the future applications of flexible and stretchable electronics.
Elabela-APJ axis contributes to embryonic development and prevents pre-eclampsia in pregnancy

APJ is a seven-transmembrane G protein coupled receptor. Apelin is an endogenous ligand of APJ [1]. It is well known that Apelin and APJ receptor are widely distributed in a variety of organs including the heart, brain, kidney, stomach, lung, adipose tissues, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, testis, ovary, and gland, particularly in the cardiovascular system. The Apelin/APJ system plays multiple important roles in various physiological and pathological processes such as regulation of blood pressure, cardiac contractility, water homeostasis, immunity, glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, cardiovascular development, apoptosis, revascularization, as well as cell proliferation.
Dihydromyricetin improves type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection in mice

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to cognitive impairment (CI), but there have been no effective pharmacotherapies or drugs for cognitive dysfunction in T2DM. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata and has various pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes. Thus, we investigated the effects of DHM on C1 in T2DM mouse model and its possible mechanism. To induce T2DM, mice were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by a low dose streptozotocin (STZ) administration. After the successful induction of T2DM mouse model, mice were treated respectively with equal volume of saline (T2DM group), 125 mg/kg/d DHM (L-DHM group), or 250 mg/kg/d DHM (H-DHM group). After 16 weeks of DHM administration, the body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGT), and cognitive function were determined. Then, alterations in the expressions of oxidative stress markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were investigated. Our findings demonstrated that DHM could significantly ameliorate Cl and reverse aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM mice, likely through the suppression of oxidative stress and enhancement of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection. In conclusion, our results suggest that DHM is a promising candidate for the treatment of T2DM-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Downregulation of Drp1, a fission regulator, is associated with human lung and colon cancers

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a dynamin-related GTPase, is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. Although recent studies have shown that Drp1 plays important roles in various important cellular processes, such as maintaining proper mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necrosis, the potential involvement of Drp1 in cancer development has not been fully addressed. To explore the role of Drp1 in cancer, we examined Drp1 levels in various human cancer tissues. Tissue array analysis showed that the level of Drp1 was decreased significantly in malignant colon and lung cancer tissues, whereas no change in Drp1 was observed in breast and prostate tumors. Pairwise comparisons of cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue from colon and lung cancer patients further confirmed decreases in Drp1 expression of 75% in colon cancer patients and 78% in lung cancer patients. Moreover, Drp1 levels were decreased further with advanced grade in both colon and lung cancers, suggesting that loss of Drp1 is associated with the progression of human lung and colon cancer. Consistent with this observation, knockdown of Drp1 increased cellular migration activity in human lung cancer cells and tumor formation in a xenograft tumor model. Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of Drp1 expression could contribute to the development of human lung and colon cancers.
Quantitative single-molecule study of TGF-β/Smad signaling

TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway triggers diverse cellular responses among different cell types and environmental conditions. Quantitative analysis of protein-protein interactions involved in TGF-β/ Smad signaling is demanded for understanding the molecular mechanism of this signaling pathway. Live-cell single-molecule microcopy with high spatiotemporal resolution is a new tool to monitor key molecular events in a real-time manner. In this review, we mainly presented the recent work on the quantitative characterization of TGF-β/Smad signaling proteins by single-molecule method, and showed how it enabled us to obtain new insights about this canonical signaling process.
Intracellular trafficking of transforming growth factor β receptors

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I (TβRI) and type II (TβRII) dual specificity kinase receptors. The availability of the receptors on the cell surface is controlled by several mechanisms. Newly synthesized TβRI and TβRII are delivered from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface via separate routes. On the cell surface, TGFβ receptors are distributed between different microdomains of the plasma membrane and can be internalized via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytic mechanisms. Although receptor endocytosis is not essential for TGFβ signaling, localization of the activated receptor complexes on the early endosomes promotes TGFβ-induced Smad activation. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis, which is widely regarded as a mechanism that facilitates the degradation of TGFβ receptors, has been shown to be required for TGFβ signaling via non-Smad pathways. The importance of proper control of TGFβ receptor intracellular trafficking is emphasized by clinical data, as mislocalization of receptors has been described in connection with several human diseases. Thus, control of intracellular trafficking of the TGFβ receptors together with the regulation of their expression, posttranslational modifications and down-regulation, ensure proper regulation of TGFβ signaling.
Phot2-regulated relocation of NPH3 mediates phototropic response to high-intensity blue light in Arabidopsis thaliana

Two redundant blue-light receptors, known as phototropins (photi and phot2), influence a variety of physiological responses, including phototropism, chloroplast positioning, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whereas photi functions in both low- and high-intensity blue light (HBL), phot2 functions primarily in HBL. Here, we aimed to elucidate phot2-specific functions by screening for HBL-insensitive mutants among mutagenized Arabidopsis photi mutants. One of the resulting phot2 signaling associated (p2sa) double mutants, photi p2sa2, exhibited phototropic defects that could be restored by constitutively expressing NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3), indicating that P2SA2 was allelic to NPH3. It was observed that NPH3-GFP signal mainly localized to and clustered on the plasma membrane in darkness. This NPH3 clustering on the plasma membrane was not affected by mutations in genes encoding proteins that interact with NPH3, including PHOT1, PHOT2 and ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2). However, the HBL irradiation-mediated release of NPH3 proteins into the cytoplasm was inhibited in photi mutants and enhanced in phot2 and rpt2-2 mutants. Furthermore, HBL-induced hypocotyl phototropism was enhanced in photi mutants and inhibited in the phot2 and rpt2-2 mutants. Our findings indicate that photi regulates the dissociation of NPH3 from the plasma membrane, whereas phot2 mediates the stabilization and relocation of NPH3 to the plasma membrane to acclimate to HBL.
Biomimetic Material Simulating Solar Spectrum Reflection Characteristics of Yellow Leaf

To counter the threat of hyperspectral detection, it is necessary to develop biomimetic materials to simulate the solar spectral reflection characteristics of plant leaf accurately. Two kinds of membranaceous yellow biomimetic materials were prepared by dispersing the particles of chrome titanium yellow and iron oxide yellow as fillers in polyvinyl alcohol films respectively. Reflectance and transmittance of the biomimetic materials were measured, and absorption and scattering coefficients of the biomimetic materials were inverted with a four-flux model. Results indicate that the biomimetic material adopting chrome titanium yellow particles can simulate the solar spectrum reflection characteristics of yellow leaf because of the similar absorption and scattering characteristics. The biomimetic material adopting iron oxide yellow particles cannot simulate the spectrum reflection characteristics of yellow leaf near the wavelength of 900 nm due to the characteristic absorption of the iron oxide. When the volume fraction of the chrome titanium yellow particles is lower than 2.12%, the absorption and scattering coefficients both increase approximately linearly with the volume fraction, indicating that the particles can scatter radiation independently. Therefore, the reflectance of the biomimetic material can be regulated through linearly changing of the volume fraction of the chrome titanium yellow particles.
Inverse Kinematics Analysis and COG Trajectory Planning Algorithms for Stable Walking of a Quadruped Robot with Redundant DOFs

This paper presents a new Center of Gravity (COG) trajectory planning algorithm for a quadruped robot with redundant Degrees of Freedom (DOFs). Each leg has 7 DOFs, which allow the robot to exploit its kinematic redundancy for various locomotion and manipulation tasks. Also, the robot can suitably adapt to different environment (e.g., passing through a narrow gap) by simply changing the body posture. However, the robot has significant COG movement during the leg swinging phase due to the heavy leg weights; the weight of all the four legs takes up 80% of the robot's total weight. To achieve stable walking in the presence of undesired COG movements, a new COG trajectory planning algorithm was proposed by using a combined Jacobian of COG and centroid of a support polygon including a foot contact constraint. Additionally, the inverse kinematics of each leg was solved by modified improved Jacobian pseudoinverse (mIJP) algorithm. The mIJP algorithm could generate desired trajectories for the joints even when the robot's leg is in a singular posture. Owing to these proposed methods, the robot was able to perform various modes of locomotion both in simulations and experiments with improved stability.
后肾腺瘤1例

后肾腺瘤(metanephric adenoma,MA)是一种罕见的肾脏原发性良性肿瘤,来源于肾脏胚胎残留组织,约占肾脏良性肿瘤的0.2%,国内外文献至今报道仅200余例,且多为个案报道。1992年由Brisigotti等提出并命名,2004年WHO将其归为组织发生和性质相近的一组后肾源性肿瘤中,包括MA、后肾腺纤维瘤及后肾基质瘤。MA病因不明,女性多见,可发生于任何年龄,但以50 ~ 60岁多见,偶见于儿童,Arroyo等报道最小年龄仅15个月。Davis等研究指出,约10% ~ 12%的MA患者可有红细胞增多症,明显高于其他肾脏肿瘤;Yoshioka等研究认为,MA患者红细胞增多可能与MA细胞产生促红细胞生成素和细胞因子(GM-CSF、G-CSF、IL-6、IL-8)有关。由于MA患者的临床症状、体征多不明显,实验室检查常无异常,多以体检或其他疾病检查时偶然发现,CT常表现为边界清楚、突向肾外生长的类圆形肿块,密度多数均匀,可呈稍低密度、稍高密度及等密度,增强扫描呈轻中度渐进性强化,故此术前诊断困难。马莹等通过分析5例后肾腺瘤CT表现后指出,后肾腺瘤可表现为稍低密度及稍高密度,可有囊变及钙化,边界清楚,增强呈轻中度强化,如女性患者合并红细胞增多者应高度怀疑本病。本例患者无明显临床症状及体征,体检发现,血红细胞正常,CT平扫肿块与周围肾实质相比呈等密度,肿块内部密度均匀,增强后皮质期、髓质期及肾盂期肿块与肾实质相比呈明显低密度,轻中度渐进性均匀强化,边界更加清楚,大部分向肾外生长,肾实质及肾窦受压,未见囊变及钙化。
意向性牙再植术治疗下颌第二磨牙慢性根尖周炎一例

意向性牙再植术是针对部分常规方法难以治愈的疑难患牙,将患牙完整拔出,经体外一系列诊断、检查及治疗后再将其植入原牙槽窝以期达到保存患牙的目的。该方法被认为是其他方法无法实施时保存患牙的最后一种选择。南方医科大学口腔医院收治1例无法进行根管再治疗及根尖外科手术的下颌第二磨牙慢性根尖周炎,采用意向性牙再植术保留患牙,经2年半随访观察疗效满意,报道如下。
肿瘤分子病理诊断中大数据的应用研究

大数据(big data)是信息技术领域内继云计算和物联网之后又一重要的技术革新。技术的发展推动着大数据在生物、医学、金融等领域的应用。大数据主要是指用传统的数据处理方法分析结果不够理想的大规模复杂数据集合。国内外许多科学家都对大数据的概念进行过解读,汇总起来可以用“5V”来表示,即数据量(Volume)大、产生和更新速率(Velocity)快、数据类型(Variety)多、数据准确性(Verification/Veracity)高和深入研究与挖掘价值(Value)大。
Comparison of Vaginal Gel and Intramuscular Progesterone for In vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol

Background: Luteal support is a key to patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol. This study aimed to compare the effect between vaginal progesterone (VP) and intramuscular progesterone (IMP) with GnRH-antagonist protocol after IVF-ET. Methods: A total of 1760 patients (18 years ≤ age ≤35 years) undergoing IVF-ET with GnRH-antagonist protocol were studied retrospectively between September 2014 and August 2015 in Peking University Third Hospital. In the patients, 1341 patients received VP (VP group) and 419 patients received IMP (IMP group) as luteal support. We compared clinical outcomes between these two groups. The primary objective of the study was the live birth rate. Measurement data between the two groups were conducted using independent samples t-test. The variables in line with non-normal distribution were expressed as median (p25 and p75) and were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Live birth rate in VP group was 38.55%, significantly higher than that in the IMP group, which was 30.79% (χ~2 = 8.287, P = 0.004). The clinical intrauterine pregnancy rate and implantation rate in VP group were also significantly higher than those in the IMP group (clinical intrauterine pregnancy rate 47.35% vs. 41.29%,χ~2 = 4.727,P=0.030; implantation rate 30.99% vs. 25.26%,χ~2= 14.546, P < 0.001). Any statistically significant differences in ectopic pregnancy and abortion rates between two groups were not observed. Conclusion: Luteal support with VP had better clinical outcomes for young women undergoing IVF-ET with GnRH-antagonist protocol.
2014-2015年山东省蓬莱市住院伤害流行特征与疾病负担分析

WHO已将伤害与传染性疾病和非传染性疾病并列为全球三大公共卫生问题。2007年卫生部在公布的《中国伤害预防报告》中指出,中国每年各类伤害发生约2亿人次,在我国居民死因顺位上呈现上升趋势。伤害对人群健康的威胁持续升高,成为危害居民健康的主要问题。为了解近年山东省蓬莱市伤害所致住院病例的流行特征和伤害事件对患者所造成的疾病负担,本研究对山东省监测系统中蓬莱市住院伤害病例的资料进行分析,为伤害预防与控制提供基本信息,对相关卫生政策的制定提供科学依据。
Calculation of thermal physical parameters of dissociated air by the dissociation degree method

The high temperature gas occurs behind shock or near the wall surface of vehicle in the hypersonic flight. As the temperature exceeds 2 000 K, 4 000 K, respectively, O_2 and N_2 molecules are successively dissociated. Because of variable components at different temperatures and pressures, the dissociated air is no longer a perfect gas. In this paper, a new method is developed to calculate accurate thermal physical parameters with the dissociation degree providing the thermochemical equilibrium procedure. Based on the dissociation degree, it is concluded that few numbers of equations and the solutions are easily obtained. In addition, a set of formulas relating the parameter to the dissociation degree are set up. The thermodynamic properties of dissociated air containing four-species, O_2 molecule and N_2 molecule, O atom and N atom, are studied with the new method, and the results are consistent with those with the traditional equilibrium constant method. It is shown that this method is reliable for solving thermal physical parameters easily and directly.