mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Evidence base of randomized controlled trials and guideline recommendations of patent Traditional Chinese Medicines for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections in adults

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical practice guideline recommendations on the use of oral patent Traditional Chinese Medicines (PTCMs) for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in adults with the existing evidence using results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: A systematic review on RCTs and a systematic review of current guidelines on orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs were performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to September 2016 for RCTs testing orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs (excluding pneumonia). Two reviewers independently screened each study, extracted study data, and assessed risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by consultation with a third reviewer. Clinical practice guidelines for uncomplicated ALRTIs containing PTCM recommendations were identified and quality appraised. The quality of pooled evidence of the RCTs and the guidelines was assessed with GRADE and AGREE Ⅱ respectively. The consistency of the evidence base in RCTs and the guideline recommendations were then compared. RESULTS: For the systematic review of RCTs, 4810 papers were identified, among which 29 RCTs (5093 patients) were included in the review. PTCMs compared to placebo increased the effective treatment rate of cough (3 trials, 949 patients, risk ratio (RR) 2.50, 1.16 to 5.43; low certainty); improved assessment of global health (3 trials, 948 patients, RR 1.70, 1.44 to 2.01; low certainty); and increased the effective rate of specific symptom relief (1 trial, 478 patients, RR 4.01, 2.76 to 5.81; moderate certainty). 21 trials (3432 patients) compared effects of different PTCMs. For the guideline evaluation, 29 PTCMs were recommended for the use of uncomplicated ALRTIs, of which27 had no supportive evidence from RCTs. CONCLUSION: The evidence base of PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs is weak and the guideline recommendations were based on almost no clinical trial evidence. Rigorous clinical research is urgently needed to inform the clinical use of these herbal medicines. Further training in evidence-based medicine methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine guideline developers is essential.
Characterization and catalytic behavior of EDTA modified silica nanosprings (NS) -supported cobalt catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch CO-hydrogenation

The effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) modification on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of silica nanosprings (NS) supported cobalt (Co) catalyst was investigated in the conversion of syngas (H_2+ CO) to hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The unmodified Co/NS and modified Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were synthesized via an impregnation method. The prepared Co/NS and Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were characterized before the FTS reaction by BET surface area,X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to find correlations between physico-chemical properties of catalysts and catalytic performance. FTS was carried out in a quartz fixedbed microreactor (H_2/CO of 2 ∶1,230℃ and atmospheric pressure) and the products trapped and analyzed by GC-TCD and GC-MS to determine CO conversion and reaction selectivity. The experimental results indicated that the modified Co/NS-EDTA catalyst displayed a more-dispersed phase of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles (10.9%) and the Co_3O_4 average crystallite size was about 12.4 nm. The EDTA modified catalyst showed relatively higher CO conversion (70.3%) and selectivity toward C_(6-18) (JP-8,Jet A and diesel) than the Co/NS catalyst (C_(6-14)) (JP-4).
Impact of open dumping of municipal solid waste on soil properties in mountainous region

This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg's limit test, compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density (MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.
On the four-dimensional lattice spring model for geomechanics

Recently, a four-dimensional lattice spring model (4D-LSM) was developed to overcome the Poisson's ratio limitation of the classical LSM by introducing the fourth-dimensional spatial interaction. In this work, some aspects of the 4D-LSM on solving problems in geomechanics are investigated, such as the ability to reproduce elastic properties of geomaterials, the capability of solving heterogeneous problems, the accuracy on modelling stress wave propagation, the ability to solve dynamic fracturing and the parallel computational efficiency. Our results indicate that the 4D-LSM is promising to deal with problems in geomechanics.
Application of perfectly matched layer to soil-foundation interaction analysis

Despite of the limitation in modeling infinite space, the finite element method (FEM) is one of the most used tools to numerically study the geotechnical problems regarding the capacity of simulating different geometries, conditions and material behaviors. A kind of absorbing layer named perfectly matched layer (PML) has been applied to modeling the radiation damping using FEM, which makes the dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction more accurate. The PML is capable of absorbing incident waves under any angle and frequency, ensuring them to pass through the model boundaries without reflection. In this context, a new FEM program has been written and the PML formula has been implemented by rewriting the dynamic equation of motion and deriving new properties for the quadrilateral elements. The analysis of soil-foundation interaction by applying the PML is validated by the evaluation of impedance/compliance functions for different ground conditions. The results obtained from the PML model match the extended mesh results, even though the domain is small enough that other types of absorbing boundaries can reflect waves back to the foundation. The mechanism of the wave propagation in the region shows that the forced vibrations can be fully absorbed and damped by the boundaries surrounded by PMLs which is the role of radiation damping in FEM modeling.
An approximate nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion with critical state for intact rocks

In this paper, the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion is modified by mobilising the cohesion and internal friction angle with normal stress, in order to capture the nonlinearity and critical state concept for intact rocks reported in the literature. The mathematical expression for the strength is the same as the classical form, but the terms of cohesion and internal friction angle depend on the normal stress now, leading to a nonlinear relationship between the strength and normal stress. It covers both the tension and compression regions with different expressions for cohesion and internal friction angle. The strengths from the two regions join continuously at the transition of zero normal stress. The part in the compression region approximately satisfies the conditions of critical state, where the maximum shear strength is reached. Due to the nonlinearity, the classical simple relationship between the parameters of cohesion, internal friction angle and uniaxial compressive strength from the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion does not hold anymore. The equation for determining one of the three parameters in terms of the other two is supplied. This equation is nonlinear and thus a nonlinear equation solver is needed. For simplicity, the classical linear relationship is used as a local approximation. The approximate modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion has been implemented in a fracture mechanics based numerical code FRACOD, and an example case of deep tunnel failure is presented to demonstrate the difference between the original and modified Mohr-Coulomb criteria. It is shown that the nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion predicts somewhat deeper and more intensive fracturing regions in the surrounding rock mass than the original linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A more comprehensive piecewise nonlinear shear strength criterion is also included in Appendix B for those readers who are interested. It covers the tensile, compressive, brittle-ductile behaviour transition and the critical state, and gives smooth transitions.
An expert system for predicting shear stress distribution in circular open channels using gene expression programming

The shear stress distribution in circular channels was modeled in this study using gene expression programming (GEP). 173 sets of reliable data were collected under four flow conditions for use in the training and testing stages. The effect of input variables on GEP modeling was studied and 15 different GEP models with individual, binary, ternary, and quaternary input combinations were investigated. The sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that dimensionless parameter y/P, where y is the transverse coordinate, and P is the wetted perimeter, is the most influential parameter with regard to the shear stress distribution in circular channels. GEP model 10, with the parameter y/P and Reynolds number (Re) as inputs, outperformed the other GEP models, with a coefficient of determination of 0.7814 for the testing data set. An equation was derived from the best GEP model and its results were compared with an artificial neural network (ANN) model and an equation based on the Shannon entropy proposed by other researchers. The GEP model, with an average RMSE of 0.0301, exhibits superior performance over the Shannon entropy-based equation, with an average RMSE of 0.1049, and the ANN model, with an average RMSE of 0.2815 for all flow depths.
Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 protects cortical neurons from excitotoxicity: a mechanistic pathway

Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial division. To investigate the effect of Mdivi-1 on cells treated with glutamate, cerebral cortex neurons isolated from neonatal rats were treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 hours. Normal cultured cells and dimethyl sulfoxide-cultured cells were considered as controls. Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. Changes in mitochondrial morphology were examined by electron microscopy. Drp1, Bax, and casp ase-3 expression was evaluated by western blot assays and immunocytochemistry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using the JC-1 probe. Twenty-four hours after 10 mM glutamate treatment, Drp1, Bax and caspase-3 expression was upregulated, Drp1 and Bax were translocated to mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and the rate of apoptosis was increased. These effects were inhibited by treatment with 50 μM Mdivi-1 for 2 hours. This finding indicates that Mdivi-1 is a candidate neuroprotective drug that can potentially mitigate against neuronal injury caused by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
累及颞骨的IgG4相关性疾病1例

IgG4相关性疾病病理机制复杂,目前尚不完全清楚,此病变可侵犯颞骨的多部位,包括中耳、内耳等,病变广泛时还可累及面神经,中枢神经等,具有侵袭的特性,可导致骨质的破坏及组织的增生性肿大,易被误诊为恶性肿瘤,在临床上需要提高对该病的认识,与其临床特点相似的疾病相鉴别.
亲情干预在老年HIV/AIDS病人抗病毒治疗中的作用与效果研究

近年来,中老年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)呈逐年上升趋势,其原因一是感染者经过6~12年的潜伏期后变老了,二是老年人发生不安全高危性行为人数增多了,使艾滋病防治工作面临新的困难和挑战。对HIV/AIDS病人抗病毒治疗,对于提高患者生存质量,延长其生命,防止二代传播,保护大众人群,均有重大意义。老年HIV/AIDS病人是艾滋病防治的特殊人群,不配合随访治疗者占相当比例。医学杂志关于艾滋病防治机构的干预文章较多,而亲情干预在提高老年HIV/AIDS病人治疗依从性方面的研究文章却鲜有报告,本文对亲情干预在提高老年HIV/ AIDS病人治疗中的作用与效果进行了有益的探索,现报告如下。
2012-2016年上海市新确诊的HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征分析

上海市公共卫生临床中心是上海市唯一收治艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的定点医院,其艾滋病的收治情况从一个侧面可反映上海市艾滋病的流行特点。为了明确近年来上海市这种特大城市艾滋病疫情的流行趋势,为制定有效防控措施提供参考,本文分析了2012-2016年上海市公共卫生临床中心收治的新确诊HIV/AIDS病人的流行病学特征。
武汉市2007-2016年梅毒病例报告分析

20世纪80年代,梅毒在我国死灰复燃。自2008年以来,武汉市硚口区被设立为国家级性病监测点。为了解武汉市及国家级性病监测点梅毒流行状况,为进一步全面落实《中国预防与控制梅毒规划(2010-2020年)》,制定科学的防控依据,本文对2007-2016年武汉市梅毒疫情资料进行流行病学分析,现将结果报告如下。
中西药联合治疗1例艾滋病合并性病并发外阴部慢性溃疡

目前成人艾滋病(AIDS)的3/4是通过性传播,合并感染梅毒、尖锐湿疣,并发严重的机会性感染。 2017年10月本院外科收治了一例艾滋病合并梅毒、尖锐湿疣并发会阴部严重感染的患者,在当地外科换药治疗效果不佳,久治不愈而形成慢性溃疡。采取中西药联合治疗,效果良好,现将治疗报告如下。
60岁以上HIV/AIDS病人抗病毒治疗满一年的效果及影响因素

老年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者人数在世界范围内逐渐上升,中国随着人口老龄化的加速及免费抗病毒治疗(ART)的深入开展,老年患者人数逐渐增多。国内研究显示,ART能有效延长老年HIV感染者的生存时间,降低死亡率。为了更好地了解老年HIV感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/ AIDS病人)的ART特点及影响因素,对治疗满一年以上的老年HIV/AIDS病人进行疗效观察,了解其抗病毒治疗效果、分析抗病毒治疗失败的影响因素,结果报告如下。
Corrosion Resistance of Co-containing Maraging Stainless Steel

Corrosion resistance behavior of Co-containing maraging stainless steels was investigated. Neutral salt spray and polarization test showed that maraging stainless steel with high Co content showed poor corrosion behavior. Microstructure observation proved that segregation of Cr in the matrix deteriorated its corrosion resistance. The surface morphology of the aged maraging stainless steel with high Co content indicated that during passivation process, the newly formed passive film with sinusoidal distribution readily destroyed by the corrosive medium, hence, causing poor corrosion resistance. Moreover, through first-principles calculation it was proved that Co increased Fe-Fe ferromagnetic interaction which facilitated the formation Cr-rich clusters.
小细胞肺癌合并抗γ-氨基丁酸-B受体脑炎1例

抗γ-氨基丁酸-B受体(gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor,GABAB-R)脑炎属于自身免疫性边缘叶脑炎(limbic encephalitis,LE)谱系疾病,自Lancaster等于2010年首次报告后,逐渐被人们所认知,其与抗细胞表面抗原抗体相关,常表现为癫痫发作、记忆障碍和行为异常,并可能与副肿瘤抗体共存,最常与小细胞肺癌相关。此病常被误诊为病毒性脑炎,即使抗GABAB-R抗体检测为阳性,也常常缺乏病理资料,我们报道1例经肺活检证实为小细胞肺癌的抗GABAB-R脑炎病例,供临床工作者借鉴。
2016年六安市社区老人独居模式与抑郁关联性

目的描述安徽省六安市社区老人独居、抑郁分布状况,分析不同独居模式与抑郁的关联性。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,2016年6-9月在六安市金安区和裕安区各选取一个社区,以60岁以上老人为研究对象,共纳入1051人,其中男性475名,女性576名,年龄( 71.75 ± 6.43)岁。采用老年抑郁量表( GDS量表)和课题组自制调查问卷(包括地区、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度和居住方式等内容)开展入户调查,研究社区老人独居模式与抑郁的关联性。结果研究人群抑郁患病率为28.5%,独居老人占研究人群的13.9%。独居者抑郁患病率显著高于非独居者( 45.9% vs. 25.7%,P < 0.001) 。二分类Logistics回归分析显示,调整地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、既往职业、家庭年收入变量后,丧偶( OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.12 ~ 2.79)和与子女未分家( OR = 3.54,95%CI 1.26 ~ 9.94)独居模式是老年抑郁的独立危险因素。结论2016年六安市独居老人抑郁患病率高;与子女未分家和丧偶独居两种模式是老年抑郁的危险因素。
卵巢透明细胞癌PET/CT的影像表现

回顾性分析15例卵巢透明细胞癌(OCCC)患者的PET/CT影像学资料,探讨其影像学特征。结果显示,OCCC的PET/CT常表现为较大囊实混合型肿块,多为单发,肿块内见乳头状或团块样突出实性成分,同时伴有18F-FDG不同程度高代谢。
慢性传输型便秘案

本病属祖国医学“便秘”范畴,证属“气虚秘”“冷秘”,患者气血津液亏虚,导致气机失调、运化失常,肠道传输无力而致便秘。此患者病因重点在于“气”与“寒”,气机与五脏六腑关系密切,气虚则导致脏腑功能失调,推动无力,影响肠道传输功能;寒性收引,肠道感寒则蠕动减慢,致使传输受到抑制而大便秘结。故治疗的根本在于补气散寒、润肠通便。八髎穴位于人体腰骶部位,与督脉相通,铺灸八髎穴可振奋一身之阳气,温阳散寒,加之艾灸的温补作用,可增强人体正气,起到补气散寒通便的作用。现代研究表明,艾绒燃烧的中心温度可产生包括红外线在内的特殊热信号,通过人体穴位及皮肤感受器对热信号的传递,温煦激发人体阳气,增强脏腑功能,对机体产生特殊的调节功能。董泉声等研究证明,皮肤感受器中温觉感受器(WR)与多觉型感受器(PR)对艾灸的温热效应最为敏感,可通过骶部皮肤将温热与药力作用传入盆腔,激发盆腔脏器功能,改善盆腔内环境。八髎穴又为支配盆腔内脏器官的神经血管会聚之处,是调节人体一身气血的总开关,铺灸八髎穴可调动全身气血,改善人体体质,增加直肠蠕动,促使大便按时排出。