mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
三峡水库175 m蓄水后大宁河底栖动物群落结构季节动态

底栖动物具有迁徙能力较弱和对环境变化敏感等特点, 常作为水质监测指标。底栖动物摄食藻类等生物, 又作为鱼类等的饵料, 还兼有净化水质和监测物种入侵的作用, 对水域生态系统能量流动和物质循环有着重要的作用。底栖动物的生长繁殖和种群变动与水深、溶解氧、温度、酸碱度、电导率和透明度等环境因子密切相关, 环境因子通常随着季节变化而变化。因此, 对底栖动物进行季节性采样并测定环境因子, 对于研究底栖动物群落结构与环境因子变化的关系, 探究和解释底栖动物群落结构动态规律非常必要。
Determining Optimal Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality in Rural Areas in Western China:an Assessment Using the Lives Saved Tool

China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.
基于Pre-NAT全自动核酸检测系统的HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂方法学性能验证

目的对基于Pre-NAT全自动核酸检测系统的HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂进行方法学性能验证。方法参考美国国家临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)颁布的相关文件,分别选用HBV国家标准品、室内质控品、临床高/低值及阴性样本,对基于PreNAT全自动检测系统的HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂进行准确性、灵敏度、线性范围、精密度及特异性的评估;并与基于手工提取的HBV-DNA普通定量检测试剂进行比对。结果HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂的准确性能够通过国家标准品标准;室内质控品批间精密度CV为2.01%;临床高值、低值样本的批内精密度CV分别为3.21%、5.26%;检测下限为20 IU/m L,高于HBVDNA普通检测试剂(100 IU/m L);对丙型肝炎、戊型肝炎、巨细胞、风疹、单纯疱疹等病毒核酸无交叉反应性;HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂与HBV-DNA普通检测试剂检测结果呈高度相关性(r=0.987,P<0.05),回归方程为Y=0.911X+0.215;配对t检验显示两者差异有统计学意义(t=3.765,P<0.05)。结论HBV-DNA超敏检测试剂有较好的准确性、精密性、特异性、灵敏度、线性范围,其基于全自动核酸检测系统可广泛应用于临床。
中国东北小古里河高钾火山岩的水含量: 对源区富钾组分的制约

近年来高钾(钾质)火山岩的成因问题越来越受到学术界的关注,特别是其地幔源区中富钾组分的来源.位于中国东北北部的五大连池、二克山、科洛(合称WEK)及小古里河玄武岩都是典型的高钾(钾质)火山岩.前人对这里做了大量的研究工作,但是对于源区中富钾组分来源还存在很大争议,主要包括:(1)来自于岩石圈地幔中含金云母的石榴石橄榄岩;(2)来自于过渡带中再循环的富钾古老沉积物.由于地幔中不同端元具有不同的H_2O含量和H_2O/Ce比值, H_2O含量正日益成为示踪地幔岩浆岩源区组成的新指标.因此,小古里河高钾火山岩的H_2O含量可能为其地幔源区富钾组成的来源提供新的信息.
A Comparison of Image Processing Techniques for Optical Interference Fringe Analysis

We present a comparison of different techniques for the analysis of the shift and tilt in optical interference fringes. Fringe center, Radon transform, and Gaussian approximation methods are used for fringe analysis. We have measured the tilt and shift between two relevant fringe patterns. The error in tilt measurement was about 2%, and the displacement of the order of few nanometers was measured by the fringe shift analysis. The comparison between the techniques is analyzed with respect to percentage error.
Enhancement of the Sensitivity of Gas Sensor Based on Microstructure Optical Fiber

This paper proposes the design and characterization of microstructure optical fiber for gas sensing applications. The aim is to detect toxic and colorless gases over a wide transmission band covering 0.80 μm to 2.00 μm wavelength. Numerical investigation is carried out by using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical study shows that sensitivity of the proposed sensor is moderately increased by introducing four non-circular holes around the defected core of photonic crystal fiber and the confinement loss is also reduced. Furthermore, we confirm that increasing the diameter of central air core and size of the non-circular holes can improve the relative sensitivity and the confinement loss is reduced by increasing the diameter of air holes in the cladding. The enhancement of the relative sensitivity is more than 27.58% (0.1323 to 0.1688) at the wavelength λ=1.33μm that is the absorption line of methane (CH_4) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) gases. The confinement loss of the fiber is 1.765×10~(-8)dB/m.
百草枯中毒致肺纤维化分子机制研究进展

百草枯(paraquat,PQ),属于高效、触杀、灭生性联吡啶类的除草剂、落叶剂,广泛用于农牧业生产。PQ是一种中等性毒物,能够对机体的肺、心、肝、肾和脑等多个组织脏器造成损伤,其中以肺损伤最为严重。自杀、误服和皮肤接触是PQ中毒的主要方式,由于目前尚缺乏特效解毒药物,PQ中毒致死率高达40%~80%。PQ中毒早期,患者常因急性呼吸窘迫或多器官功能衰竭而致死,即使能够安全度过急性期,晚期也无可避免的形成肺纤维化,呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。随着医疗水平的提高,急性中毒的早期抢救成功率得到较大的提高,但是后期肺组织的纤维化仍较难逆转,成为PQ致死的主要因素。PQ致肺纤维化是一个多种细胞、分子参与的复杂过程,但其具体的分子机制尚不清楚,因此本文对近几年PQ中毒致肺纤维化分子机制的研究进行综述。
颅脑创伤后脑网络功能障碍的研究现状

创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)后弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)导致了脑网络的连接功能障碍。近10余年来,TBI对内源性连接网络(intrinsic connectivity networks, ICNs)破坏的相关研究表明,通过弥散MRI扫描可显示大脑结构的破坏,并可以通过功能神经影像对大规模ICNs进行研究从而评估大脑的功能。正常情况下,多个ICNs的同时激活对注意力的控制至关重要,网络结构的破坏可以预测网络功能和认知控制的失常,TBI后ICNs之间的协调活动和整个大脑的“小世界”结构均受到不同程度的破坏。笔者对TBI后脑网络功能障碍的研究现状进行评述。
肘关节僵硬的手术治疗

肘关节解剖结构复杂、功能要求高,创伤后极易发生僵硬。尤其是近年来手术指征的扩大和康复不当,造成很多医源性僵硬。随着对生活质量要求的提高,越来越多的肘僵硬患者希望能改善其功能。笔者对肘关节僵硬手术治疗的相关问题进行探讨。
NLRP3炎症体在肾脏疾病中作用的研究进展

核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3[nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) - like receptors family, pyrin domain containing 3, NLRP3]是先天性免疫系统中具有代表性的核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体家族(NLRs)成员,受到刺激活化后招募含有CARD结构域的凋亡相关斑点蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain,ASC)与含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,caspase-1)前体,形成炎症体。研究发现NLRP3炎症体参与多种炎性反应疾病,并与多种肾脏疾病相关。我们对最新的研究作一综述。
眶上外侧入路无血快速开关颅技术单中心标准化操作流程

Romani等在翼点入路的基础上发展了一种比标准翼点人路更加简单快速的改良入路方法,他们称这种入路为“眶上外侧入路”(lateral supraorbital approach,LSO)。LSO比翼点人路更偏额侧,其实质是利用了侧裂前方、额下外侧的颅底间隙。该方法开关颅简单、快速、创伤小,可替代Yasargil教授开创并推广的经典翼点人路处理前颅窝底、鞍区及鞍上肿瘤,前循环动脉瘤等病变。为了更好地发挥LSO入路的优势,又快又好地开展这种人路,山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科引进了标准化操作流程(standard operation procedure, SOP)这一概念,充分借鉴Romani等LSO入路的特点,结合无头皮夹开关颅技术,根据中国人颞肌及发际特点,立足国内现有条件,自2011年起开展了LSO无血快速开关颅技术,初步制定并实践了该入路的SOP(图1),现将该入路的SOP及优势报道如下。
跨越尺度、跨越边界:面向复杂挑战的全球方法-2015年第九届国际景观生态学大会述评

国际景观生态学大会每四年举办一次,旨在搭建景观生态学多尺度主题讨论和交流的国际平台,开展当前人类社会面临的环境挑战和可能的解决途径的深入研讨。第九届国际景观生态学大会于2015年7月5-10日在美国波特兰举行,由国际景观生态学会及其美国分会主办,波特兰州立大学等承办。跨越尺度、跨越多学科边界的全球性相关研究是本次会议的重点,旨在揭示全球快速变化背景下自然、社会复杂过程中的挑战和机遇,寻求潜在有效的管理途径。来自50多个国家和地区的900多名科学家、政府管理部门、非政府组织工作者参加了本次会议,就景观生态学前沿、理论与方法、景观生态学科分支研究及其应用、土地利用与景观规划、景观保育与管理等开展了研讨和交流。除4个大会主题报告外,会议还开设了70多个分组会议(分会场),是国际景观生态学理论方法与实践应用的又一次盛会。
楠溪江供水工程拦河闸枢纽导流围堰施工设计

楠溪江供水工程拦河闸由右侧深槽段、左侧滩地自由溢流段、右岸调流闸门和鱼道组成。挡水闸段位于河道主河槽位置,由14孔×12 m的水闸组成,1~#~6~#闸底板高程1.50 m, 7~#~ 14~#闸底板高程3.00 m,挡水闸段总宽204 m,设14扇升卧式平板钢闸门进行控制。
控制爆破在楠溪江供水工程鱼道基础开挖中的应用

浙江省永嘉县楠溪江供水工程鱼道位于工程右岸41省道公路以下,主要为基础石方开挖,开挖总方量6738 m~3,右岸弱风化带厚1~3 m,河床处下伏基岩呈微风化~新鲜,由于右岸属于河床主流区,右岸边坡常年受到水流冲刷,开挖面岩石基本出露。
乳腺癌血管新生相关因子及抗血管新生治疗研究进展

乳腺癌是发达国家及发展中国家女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。血管新生在乳腺癌的发生、发展、侵袭以及转移中起着重要的作用,同时也是乳腺癌一个独立的预后因素。肿瘤新生血管的形成是一个多因素多步骤的复杂过程,该过程通过血管新生的正调节因子和负调节因子之间的平衡进行调节。本文主要总结了乳腺癌血管新生特点、促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子对乳腺癌的发生发展的影响以及当前乳腺癌抗血管新生治疗的现状。
人精原干细胞研究进展

精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cell, SSC)是精子发生的基础,历经SSC的增殖分化、精母细胞的减数分裂和精子形成三个阶段形成成熟精子,是男性将其遗传物质传递给子代唯一的成体干细胞。人精原干细胞(human spermatogonial stem cell, hSSC)位于生精小管基底膜处,是由原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell, PGC)发育分化而来。人类精子发生始于青春期左右,1个hSSC经过8~9次有丝分裂和2次减数分裂大约生成128个精子,每个完整的生精周期持续70 d左右。hSSC —方面通过自我更新来维持其数量的相对稳定,另一方面可增殖分化为各级生精细胞并最终形成精子,正常情况下hSSC通过复杂、精细的调节达到两者间的相对平衡。此外,最近研究认为hSSC在体外培养条件下可发生转分化进而获得多能性,显示了其在再生医学领域广阔的应用前景。因此,对hSSC的特征表型、分离富集和体外培养(包括长期培养和诱导分化等)进行研究,有助于我们更好地认识hSSC生物学特性、揭示男性生育过程,并为其在生殖医学和再生医学领域的应用奠定基础。
Using Plan-Do-Check-Act Circulation to Improve the Management of Panic Value in the Hospital

The concept "panic value" (or critical value) was first brought up by American scholar Lundberg in 1972. It refers to the results of auxiliary examinations that are widely deviating from normal or anticipated results. The occurrence of these abnormal results shows that patients could be in a dangerous situation that their lives might be threatened. If clinicians are able to get the information in time and provide the patients with effective interventions or treatments promptly, lives could be saved. Otherwise, there could be serious consequences and the best opportunities for rescuing the patients might be missing. The management of panic value is an important component of medical quality management, as the National Health and Family Planning Commission has clearly defined in the "patient safety goals" for several consecutive years. In countries such as America, Australia as well as Germany, the management of panic value has also been greatly emphasized and was been included in various hospital assessments. For example, in the yearly assessment of medical quality held by Joint Commission International (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations) of America, the management of panic value was an important part for evaluation.
Heating Up the Environmental Context of Chemical Pollution: Ecotoxicology in a Changing Global Climate

Humans and wildlife are exposed to an ever-increasing array of man-made chemicals that are now measured in every habitat on our planet from the Earth's highest mountain peaks to sediments in the deep ocean (e.g., Farrington and Takada, 2014; Quiroz et al., 2009; Veron et al., 1987; Villa et al., 2006). In addition to the expanding variety of synthetic chemistries in use, there are many substances that are components of the Earth that may through human activities concentrate at highlevels or be released into the environment in forms that enhance their bioavailability, exposure, and toxicity potential. Thus, environmental chemical pollution is widespread with a diversity of chemicals and sources including, but not limited to: metals (e.g., mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead) that are natural but can be released, transformed (e.g., methylated), and concentrated above background levels with mining and other activities; petroleum hydrocarbons like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are formed from petrogenic and pyrogenic processes both natural and anthropogenic; dioxins and furans that are toxic byproducts of a variety of industrial operations; synthetic organohalogens such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated and fluorinated flame retardants, and organochlorine pesticides (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]); polymers and their additives(e.g., bisphenol A [BPA], phthalates); and numerous other chemicals that, among other uses, function as industrial feedstocks, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and nanoparticles. Depending on their structural features, biological disposition, and bioactivity potential, these chemicals may be highly persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate or biomagnify in species and food webs, and elicit toxicity and maladaptive behaviors in some cases at low exposure levels depending on the target (e.g., endocrine system) and chemical (e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin).
Chromaticity of white sensation for LED lighting

In this work, a psychophysical experiment is implemented to assess the white sensation of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting in illuminant mode via a categorical judgment method by a panel of 10 observers. The visual data indicates that the higher values of white sensation estimations locate near the Planckian locus within a correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 5000-9000 K. A model of white sensation for LED lighting in illuminant mode is proposed, from which the predicted maximal white sensation locates near the Planckian locus with a CCT of 6622 K, and the 95% white sensation covers a narrow two-dimensional region.
Temporal self-modifying characteristics of pulse propagation in multiphoton absorbers

In this Letter, temporal self-modifying behavior of amplitude modulation pulse propagation characteristics in multiphoton absorbers is presented by solving the underlying theoretical model coupling the propagation equation with the rate equations. The characteristics of the output temporal shapes are of primary concern and are discussed in detail. Amplitude modulation suppressing effects of multiphoton absorbers are numerically demonstrated; they have not been reported previously, to our knowledge. By taking a time resolved absorption coefficients, the corresponding physical mechanism is explicitly interpreted.
李斯特菌生物学特征与临床相关性

产单核细胞李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes),是一种环境致病菌,可以引起李斯特菌病;通常是人们食用了被这种菌污染。根据美国疾病控制中心(CDC)报道2011年美国暴发因食用甜瓜而引起的李斯特菌感染,147例中有33例死亡,1例孕妇流产。与普通人相比,孕期妇女是高度危险人群,一旦感染了李斯特菌可能会导致自然流产或早产,其新生儿可能发生血流感染及脑膜炎。李斯特菌感染危险对象还包括免疫力低下人群,年龄65~70岁人群也是感染高发人群。李斯特菌病有多种临床表现形式,感染患者病死率很高。李斯特菌病在欧美等发达国家常有报道,美国每年大约有2500例因感染产单核细胞李斯特菌继发严重的疾病,大约有500例死亡,但在发展中国家尚未引起广泛关注。本文主要目的是了解国内外关于李斯特菌生物学特征的研究及与临床的相关性。
采用色素放大内镜对124例老年早期胃癌患者的临床诊断

早期胃癌的发病率随着年龄的增加而显著增加,近年来呈现年轻态趋势;手术切除是目前临床上最主要的治疗手段。早期胃癌的预后较好,5年生存期可达到90%以上,但进展期胃癌预后较差且5年生存期不超过15%。因此,胃癌预后的关键在于早期诊断和治疗,但目前我国早期胃癌的诊断率低于10%。本文旨在探讨色素内镜在早期胃癌中的诊断价值。
长治老年人群血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与MTHFR C677T基因多态性

目的探讨长治地区健康老年人群血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平与N5,N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T基因位点的基因多态性。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法进行血浆HCY水平测定;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)对MTHFR C677T进行基因多态性分析。结果长治地区健康老年人群血浆HCY水平为(11.0±3.1)μmol/L,与健康青年人群相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。老年人群中MTHFR C677T基因的CC、CT和TT基因型频率分别为15.38%、48.72%和35.90%,与青年人群相比,两者差异无统计学性(P>0.05);老年人群C、T等位基因频率分别为39.74%和60.26%,与青年人群相比,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MTHFR C677T基因型频率在长治地区健康老年人群、青年人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。健康老年人群MTHFR C677T位点各基因型间,血浆HCY水平亦无显著差异。健康老年人群、青年人群TT基因型血浆HCY水平差异显著(P<0.05)。结论长治人群MTHFR C677T纯合突变基因型频率高,且老年人群TT基因型血浆HCY水平显著高于青年人群。
传统术式与经阴道网片盆底重建术治疗老年重度盆底器官脱垂的疗效比较

目的分析对比传统术式与经阴道网片盆底重建术治疗老年重度盆底器官脱垂(POP)的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月至2014年1月该院收治的重度POP患者70例,根据双盲法将其平均分为置入网片组与传统术式组,每组各35例。置入网片组患者采用经阴道网片盆底重建术治疗,传统术式组采用传统术式治疗。观察对比两组手术时间、出血量、尿管留置时间、医疗费用及住院时间。应用盆底障碍问卷(PFDI-20)及盆底功能影响问卷(PFIQ-7)评价疗效,对比两组治愈、复发及术后并发症情况。结果①两组手术时间、出血量、尿管留置时间及住院时间对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。置入网片组医疗费用明显高于传统术式组(P<0.05)。②两组术后6个月时PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分均低于术前(P<0.05),置入网片组术后6个月时PFDI-20、PFIQ-7评分显著低于传统术式组(P<0.05)。③置入网片组治愈率为100.00%、复发率为0.00%,传统术式组为85.71%、14.29%,两组治愈率及复发率对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④传统术式组无明显并发症出现,置入网片组出现2例阴道网片暴露。结论经阴道网片盆底重建术能够有效改善老年重度POP患者的临床症状和盆底功能,具有治愈率高,术后患者复发率低、生活质量较好等特点,值得临床推广。
心理干预对老年急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗前后不良情绪和生存质量的影响

目的探索心理干预对老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者介入治疗前后不良情绪和生存质量的影响。方法选择2012年5月至2014年8月该院收治的老年ACS患者98例,按照随机数字表法分成干预组和对照组,每组49例。运用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和生活质量量表(SF-36)对所有患者的心理状态和生活状态进行评估和比较,对干预组实施心理干预并进行评价,并对干预结果进行分析,对比两组之间的差异。结果两组患者进行干预后SAS、SDS和SCL-90评分均有一定程度的降低,但是干预组较对照组降低更明显(均P<0.05);两组干预后SF-36评分均升高,但干预组患者评分较对照组升高更显著(P<0.05)。结论心理干预可以改善老年ACS患者介入治疗后的不良情绪,提高生存质量,对于提高治疗成功率具有重要意义。
丝胶对Fas介导的糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的观察丝胶对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛形态结构、胰岛细胞中胰岛素及胰岛β细胞细胞质死亡受体(Fas)表达的作用。方法48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、二甲双胍组、丝胶治疗组,每组12只。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病动物模型,成模后,丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组大鼠分别给予丝胶(2.4 g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1))和二甲双胍(55.33 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1))灌胃。给药4 w后禁食12 h,麻醉后取血,全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠空腹血糖(FPG);常规HE染色普通光镜下观察胰岛的形态结构和免疫组织化学染色法观察胰岛细胞中胰岛素表达情况;免疫组织化学染色法观察胰岛β细胞细胞质Fas蛋白的表达情况。结果①与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠FPG明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组FPG明显降低(P<0.01);②与正常对照组相比,模型组胰岛萎缩、轮廓欠圆润、边缘不规则,胰岛细胞数量减少且分布稀疏而不均匀,胰岛素表达水平下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组大鼠胰岛细胞数量增多,分布也比较致密,胰岛素表达水平上升(P<0.05);③与正常对照组相比,模型组Fas蛋白的表达明显降低(P<0.05),与模型组比较,丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组Fas蛋白的表达明显升高(P<0.05)。以上指标丝胶治疗组和二甲双胍组比较均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论丝胶对2型糖尿病具有治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制Fas介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡有关。
眼球壁特发性炎性假瘤误诊巩膜炎一例

IOIP治疗方法多样,根据患者的症状、体征以及病变累及范围、程度等采取不同的方法,大致包括临床观察、药物治疗、放射治疗、手术切除等,手术治疗主要适用于限局性病变,在减轻患者症状的同时,也可以明确病变性质,为手术后有针对性治疗提供病理组织学依据。本患者手术后恢复良好,出院后接受系统性糖皮质激素治疗,随访至今,患眼症状明显好转。
经鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术损伤眶内壁致内直肌断裂并视神经损伤一例

避免和减少鼻内镜手术中眼部并发症的措施有:(1)手术医生应熟练掌握鼻窦、眼眶及其邻近器官的解剖关系,在开展此类手术前应事先接受足够时间的尸头解剖和鼻内窥镜技能训练,合理选择手术适应证,在有经验医师监视指导下进行手术操作。(2)当手术器械,特别是刨削钻、粘膜钳等接近眶纸板时须格外小心,粘膜钳上下两叶应与眶内壁保持平行,由前向后或向上钳取,钳口不可斜向外侧操作。(3)术中出血量多者,应考虑终止手术,因为出血会造成视野不清楚,给操作带有一定盲目性。(4)初学者应多考虑选择在局麻下手术,患者在清醒状态下如损伤眶壁或挤压眶内壁眶内压增高时会立即做出反应。而本例儿童,手术必须在全麻下进行,损伤比较严重。(5)充分的术前检查和评估对于避免严重并发症非常重要,特别是CT扫描,通过CT检查可以探查鼻窦病灶的大小和可能存在的解剖变异。(6)术中早期确认眶纸板位置至关重要。
上海市虹口区老年人伤害状况调查

目的了解上海市虹口区2010-2011年60岁及以上老年人伤害发生情况、流行特征,探讨老年人伤害发生的主要危险因素,为安全社区创建提供决策支持。方法采用两阶段简单随机抽样的方法抽取6498名老年人对2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日期间的伤害发生情况进行回顾性调查,调查内容包括调查对象的一般情况、社会经济状况和伤害发生的相关情况。结果伤害发生率为5. 72%, 95%可信区间为(5. 16%, 6. 28%),标化发生率为5. 64%。老年人前三位伤害原因依次为跌倒/坠落、道路交通伤害、烧烫伤。伤害发生率有性别差异,男性伤害发生率为3. 64%,女性为7. 64%。伤害发生率随着年龄增长而升高, 60~ 69岁组伤害发生率为4. 50%, 70~ 79岁组为6. 14%, 80岁及以上组为7. 82%。多因素logistic分析结果显示,老年人伤害的危险因素包括女性(OR= 2. 020)、高龄(OR= 1. 226)、无配偶(OR= 1. 343)、人均月收入低(OR= 0. 643)。结论虹口区老年人伤害的发生率与国内其他城市不尽相同,跌倒是老年人伤害发生的首位原因。女性、高龄、丧偶/离婚/未婚、人均月收入低是伤害发生的危险因素。提示对于老年人伤害防控应针对高危人群并采取综合预防和干预措施。
临床"双师型"教师工作压力源测定量表的构建

目的编制科学合理的临床"双师型"教师工作压力源量表,并通过信效度检验准确地查找"临床双师"工作压力的综合影响因素。方法在回顾现有文献资料及对50名临床双师进行深度访谈的基础上初步拟定量表的指标集,并请多名高年资的临床双师就指标内容与其工作的符合性及可理解性进行修改;通过Delphi专家函询法对指标进行评价,课题组与心理学专家对量表进行审定后形成测定;选取212名在岗的临床双师进行调查验证,检验其信效度。结果编制的临床"双师型"教师工作压力源量表各因子总方差解释率为68. 302%,总量表Cronbach's Alpha系数为0. 897,各分量表Cronbach's Alpha系数为0. 873~ 0. 834,其他指标也均大于0. 7,达到了预期目标。结论临床"双师型"教师工作压力源量表具备较高的信效度,可以作为测量工具使用。
黑骨藤追风活络胶囊防潮辅料的优化

目的筛选黑骨藤追风活络胶囊(主要成分为黑骨藤、青风藤、追风伞等)的防潮辅料及最优配比。方法利用软件Design Expert 8.06对辅料进行优选,以辅料的种类和用量作为考察因素,以制剂的吸湿率和成型率作为评价指标,进行优化。结果优化后辅料的最佳配比为0.701 ∶ 0.299 (乳糖∶ 甘露醇) 。最佳组合试验结果发现,吸湿率从原来的10.56%降至7.76%,明显降低了原胶囊内容物的吸湿性,且与软件预测结果相吻合。结论经软件优化后筛选出的辅料配比能提高黑骨藤追风活络胶囊的防潮性能。
Box-Behnken响应面法优化马钱子提取工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken实验设计优选马钱子生物碱的提取工艺。方法采用HPLC法测定马钱子碱及士的宁含有量,以马钱子碱及士的宁提取率的总评综合效应为指标,通过Box-Behnken试验考察液料比、提取时间、乙醇体积分数对提取工艺的影响,对结果进行二项式方程拟合,利用响应面法优化提取工艺并进行预测分析。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比14 ∶ 1,提取时间2 h,乙醇体积分数55%。验证结果表明,预测值与验证值偏差较小(< 5%) 。结论Box-Behnken响应面法用于优化马钱子的提取工艺是可行的,建立的数学模型和实验数据相符。
降血压水包油微乳巴布剂的制备

目的制备降血压水包油微乳巴布剂(吴茱萸和川芎),并确定其最佳成型工艺和最优配比处方。方法选择吐温-80和CO-40 (1 ∶ 1)为表面活性剂,丙二醇为助表面活性剂,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯为油相,超纯水为水相,水滴定法制备伪三元图,优化水包油微乳的配比。正交试验法对水包油微乳巴布剂的基质配方进行优化,通过前期单因素试验研究,确定以聚丙烯酸钠(NP-800) 、微乳、酒石酸、水为基本骨架,以对内聚力和黏性影响较大的甘羟铝、甘油、卡波姆、明胶作为考察因素,以外观性状、皮肤追随性、反复揭贴性、内聚力、初黏力等综合评分为指标。结果水包油微乳最佳处方为吐温-80 ∶ CO-40 ∶ 丙二醇∶ 油酸∶水∶ 吴茱萸提取物∶ 川芎提取物= 3.2 ∶ 3.2 ∶ 3.2 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 15.6 ∶ 0.15 ∶ 0.15;水包油微乳巴布剂配方最佳比例为NP-800 ∶ 甘油∶ 甘羟铝∶水∶ 明胶∶ 酒石酸∶ 卡波姆∶ 微乳= 2 ∶ 13 ∶ 0.04 ∶ 18 ∶ 4.5 ∶ 0.05 ∶ 6 ∶ 20。结论该方法制备的巴布剂外观性状、皮肤追随性、反复揭贴性、内聚力、初黏力、保湿性均较理想,而且制备工艺简单,适合工业化生产。
腹膜后Castleman病误诊为肾癌一例报告

腹膜后局灶型Castleman病经手术切除后,疗效满意,若不能行手术或只能行部分切除术者,可行放疗,有效率也可达72%。对于多中心型Castleman病,手术切除肿瘤只能暂时缓解症状,采用化疗、糖皮质激素、利妥苷单抗、托珠单抗等综合治疗可有一定疗效。
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Neuroprotection of a Novel Isoflavone Sulfonamide Compound

4',7-Dimethoxy-N-methylisoflavone-3'-sulfonamide (3) was synthesized by a two step synthesis method and characterized via IR and ~1H NMR. Its chemical structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a =27.677(13), b = 10.490(5), c = 13.982(7) A, β = 118.781(9)o, V = 3558(3) A~3, Z = 8, F(000) = 1568, D_c = 1.401 Mg/m~3, M_r = 375.39, μ = 0.217 mm~(-1), λ = 0.71073 A, the final R = 0.0436 and wR =0.0910 for 3168 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The compound was studied subsequently for the potent neuroprotective activity, and showed effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner (protection: 42.5% at 100 μg·mL~(–1), 35.1% at 10 μg·mL~(–1) and 22.5% at 1 μg·mL~(–1)).
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activity of a New 3H-Phenanthro-[2,1-d]imidazole Derivative of Dehydroabietic Acid

The title compound (C_(19)H_(24)BrN_3O_2, 3) was synthesized from dehydroabietic acid and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is of monoclinic system, space group C2 with a = 24.830(5), b = 7.1410(14), c = 13.981(3) A, β =107.68(3)°, Z = 4, V = 2361.9(8) A~3, M_r = 482.42, D_c = 1.357 Mg/m~3, S = 1.003, μ = 1.772 mm~(-1), F(000) = 1008, the final R = 0.0660 and wR = 0.1402 for 2244 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The crystal structure is stabilized by four hydrogen bonds (O(W)-H(WA)???O(3), O(W)-H(WB)???O(1), N(2)-H(2A)???O(W) and N(3)-H(3A)···N(1)) formed among the title compound, the crystal water and acetone molecules. The preliminary antitumor assay showed the title compound exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines with the IC_(50) values of17.1 and 10.2 μM, respectively.
Low Temperature Impact Toughness and Fracture Analysis of EN-GJS-400-18-LT Ductile Iron under Instrumented Impact Load

The impact toughness of EN-GJS-400-18-LT ductile iron was measured by Charpy V-notch impact test at temperature between -80 and 20 ℃. The fracture properties were tested under instrumented impact loading. Total impact fracture energy, crack initiation and propagation energy, dynamic loads and the ductile to brittle temperature were measured. Three-dimensional reconstruction of impact fracture morphology was accomplished by confocal laser scanning microscope. The results of quantitative fractography indicate that cleavage fracture produces flatter fracture surfaces accompanying with less absorbed energy during the impact fracture process. It indicates that fracture roughness has a close relationship with crack propagation energy at low temperature.
Development and Application of Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen, as a secure, clean, efficient, and available energy source, will be successfully applied to reduce and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen storage technology, which is one of the key challenges in developing hydrogen economy, will be solved through the unremitting efforts of scientists. The progress on hydrogen storage technology research and recent developments in hydrogen storage materials is reported. Commonly used storage methods, such as high-pressure gas or liquid, cannot satisfy future storage requirement. Hence, relatively advanced storage methods, such as the use of metal-organic framework hydrides and carbon materials, are being developed as promising alternatives. Combining chemical and physical hydrogen storage in certain materials has potential advantages among all storage methods. Intensive research has been conducted on metal hydrides to improve their electrochemical and gaseous hydrogen storage properties, including their hydrogen storage capacity, kinetics, cycle stability, pressure, and thermal response, which are dependent on the composition and structural feature of alloys. Efforts have been exerted on a group of magnesium-based hydrides, as promising candidates for competitive hydrogen storage, to decrease their desorption temperature and enhance their kinetics and cycle life. Further research is necessary to achieve the goal of practical application by adding an appropriate catalyst and through rapid quenching or ball milling. Improving the kinetics and cycle life of complex hydrides is also an important aspect for potential applications of hydrogen energy.
Investigation of monitoring system for high-speed railway subgrade frost heave

This paper presents methods for monitoring frost heave, device requirements, testing principals, and data analysis requirements, such as manual leveling observation, automatic monitoring (frost heave, frost depth, and moisture), track dynamic detection, and track status detection. We focused on the requirements of subgrade frost heave monitoring for high speed railways, and the relationship of different monitoring methods during different phases of the railway. The comprehensive monitoring system of high speed railway subgrade frost heave provided the technical support for dynamic design during construction and safe operation of the rail system.
11例妊娠期乳腺癌早期诊断的临床分析

妊娠期乳腺癌由于肿瘤生长在生理性肥大的乳腺组织内,早期不易发现,临床医师也容易忽视,所以多数患者就诊时偏晚,预后较非妊娠期乳腺癌患者差。妊娠期乳腺癌的早期诊断是目前临床工作者面临的一个难题。本文回顾性分析了11例妊娠期乳腺癌患者的临床资料, 探讨其早期诊断特点。
胎儿蛛网膜下腔广泛增宽1例

孕妇,29岁,孕1产0,孕期无感染及服药史,中孕期外院多次超声检查提示胎儿双顶径大于孕周,孕32周为求进一步治疗来我院就诊。超声:胎儿双顶径9.5 cm,头围33.0 cm(约孕37周),胎儿颅后凹池宽约1.1 cm,颅内偏颅底脑实质外侧及下方可见液性暗区(图1A),脑实质外侧液性暗区宽度为右侧1.7 cm,左侧0.9 cm,脑实质下方液性暗区宽度为右侧2.3 cm,左侧1.1 cm。超声提示:宫内单活胎;胎儿颅内液性暗区,考虑蛛网膜下腔积液;颅后凹池增宽,胎头测值大于孕周。MRI:胎儿蛛网膜下腔广泛明显增宽,枕大池,四叠体池,大脑大V池,双侧脑室后角明显扩大增宽;5脑室及6脑室显影,胼胝体可见。MRI提示:胎儿蛛网膜下腔明显广泛增宽,多个脑池及双侧脑室后角扩大(图1B),不除外脑实质发育不良可能;5、6脑室显影,考虑为变异。孕妇足月分娩,胎儿出生后随访观察1年,该患儿语言和运动能力稍落后于正常同龄儿。