mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Short-wave infrared signature and detection of aicraft in flight based on space-borne hyperspectral imagery

Infrared signatures of aircraft are the basis for detection and monitoring. In past years, most of the studies focused on the aircraft’s infrared signature in the mid-wave spectral region and long-wave spectral region for missile guidance or aircraft survivability studies. For the security of civil aviation, methods and instruments that can detect and monitor aircrafts from space are expected to be developed in the coming years. A short-wave infrared hyperspectral imager aboard the Tiangong-1 spacecraft acquired some civil aircraft’s spectral data. The differences between the aircraft and the background in their spectral signatures are analyzed and discussed. Less absorption in the vapor absorption bands and a reflection spike is discovered at the 1.84 μm spectral band. The result shows that 1.84 μm and other vapor absorption bands can make contributions to aircraft detection in the daytime.
1.5 μm, 8×12.5 Gb/s of hybrid-integrated TOSA with isolators and ROSA for 100 GbE application

Compact transmitter and receiver optical sub-assemblies (TOSA and ROSA) are fabricated in our laboratory and have an aggregated capacity of 100 Gb/s. Specially, directly modulated laser (DML) drivers with two layers of electrical circuit boards are designed to inject RF signals and bias currents separately. For all the lanes, the 3 dB bandwidth of the cascade of the TOSA and ROSA exceeds 9 GHz, which allows the 12.5 Gb/s operation. With the 12.5 Gb/s × 8-lane operation, clear eye diagrams for back-to-back and 30-km amplified transmission with a dispersion compensation fiber are achieved. Low cost and simple processing technology make it possible to realize commercial production.
从数学的角度学习中医诊断学

中医诊断学是根据中医学的理论,研究诊法、诊病,辨证的基本理论,基本知识和基本技能的一门学科;数学是利用符号语言研究数量,结构,变化以及空间等概念的一门学校。数学作为科学之母,与中医亦有密不可分的联系。文章从数学的角度学习中医诊断学,分类整理出数学与中医、数学公式与中医诊断学、排列组合与中医诊断学、多学科交叉与中医诊断学的关系,起到了化繁为简的作用,更有利于对中医诊断学的学习,从而构建中医诊断学的新视角、新思维。
从理法之象探讨银屑病等红斑鳞屑性皮肤病“火炎土焦”病机

类象法是中医临床中认识疾病的一种最重要的逻辑方法之一,灵活应用常能开悟达慧而形成创新理论或经验。皮肤病学是一门以皮损形态学为主要表现的临床学科,直观性很强。银屑病等临床多表现为红斑、白色鳞屑,皮损肥厚者如西北高原燥土;病理下所出现的角化不全细胞、Munro微脓疡;患者多大腹便便,且多生于立夏-大暑之间火土当令之时。上述宏观及微观之象均提示其‘火炎土焦’病机。治疗当泻火滋阴、甘寒调候为大法。则燥土得润,化泄生金;五行流通而红斑、鳞屑悉除。
三七粉及其一种伪品的鉴别检验研究

目的通过对正品三七粉和伪品三七粉的鉴别,为市售三七粉的鉴别提供依据。方法运用中药鉴定学的方法对三七粉进行显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、含量测定、紫外光谱鉴别以及其他理化鉴别。结果显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、紫外光谱扫描、其他理化鉴别均能鉴别这种伪品三七粉;含量测定结果显示,正品含有人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg 1和三七皂苷R1的和为8.3%,伪品不含。结论各法均能有效鉴别这种伪品三七粉。
加味散偏汤对硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠行为学症状、血浆NO,NOS,CGRP及三叉神经脊束核NOS_1 、CGRP含量的影响

目的研究加味散偏汤的镇痛作用及作用机制。方法将大鼠分为空白组、模型组、加味散偏汤高、中、低剂量组、舒巴坦组,以加味散偏汤高、中、低剂量(35.64,17.82,8.91 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))连续灌胃给药5天。硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠实验,末次给药30min后,出空白组以95%的乙醇2mlg·kg~(-1)皮下注射外,其余各组均ih硝酸甘油10mg·kg~(-1),复制大鼠偏头痛模型。以放免法和分光光度法测大鼠血浆NO、NOS、CGRP含量;通过免疫荧光化学染色观察三叉神经脊束核神经元型NOS_1和CGRP的表达。结果与模型组比较,造模后60min阳性对照组和加味散偏汤高剂量组大鼠挠头次数均显著减少(P < 0.05),造模后90min、120min,加味散偏汤高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠挠头次数均显著减少(P < 0.05,P < 0.01) 。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血浆NO、NOS、CGRP水平显著升高(P < 0.01),而三叉神经脊束核中与NOS_1、CGRP水平模型组比较,阳性组和加味散偏汤高、中、低剂量组NOS_1、CGRP水平均下降(P < 0.01),尤以中、高剂量组明显(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论加味散偏汤对硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠具有明显的镇痛作用,可降低偏头痛发作时血浆中血管活性物质NO、NOS、CGRP水平且三叉神经脊束核中NOS_1、CGRP阳性细胞数显著下降,从而发挥对偏头痛的治疗作用。
坎地沙坦酯片致气喘、胸闷1例

本例不良反应发生的机制尚不明确,该不良反应提示临床医师:①要加强患者用药期间的用药监测,需关注坎地沙坦酯片引起的气喘、胸闷不良反应;②在高血压等慢性病治疗过程中,应严格把握药物更换指征,即使药理作用相同、化学结构相似的同类药物也可能导致不同的药物不良反应;③在患者初次使用任何一种药品前,医师和药师要提示患者在用药过程中可能出现的不良反应,加强合理用药知识的宣传力度,建立患者与医师、药师沟通交流的平台,提醒患者感觉不适时及时与医师、药师联系。④指导患者用药过程中严密观察病情变化,一旦确定为药物不良反应,应尽快、尽早采取治疗措施,及时停换药物,对症治疗。⑤笔者所在医院于2013年9月开通了微信用药教育和药物咨询公众平台,于2016年4月开设了药师门诊,于2016年6月开通了互联网医院药师门诊模块,为患者和药师交流提供了新的平台,也为不良反应的发现和预防提供了新途经。
儿童动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压介入治疗临床分析

目的:探讨心导管检查、急性肺血管扩张试验及封堵试验在动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并中重度肺动脉高压(PAH)中对PAH性质判断的意义。方法:回顾23例单纯PDA合并中重度PAH患儿心导管检查获取的生理资料,分析急性肺血管扩张试验前后Qp / Qs、Rp / Rs、Pp / Ps、PAWP、PVRI及主动脉血氧饱和度变化以及封堵试验前后Pp、Ps、PVRI及主动脉血氧饱和度变化。结果: 23例患儿心导管检查后,根据Qp / Qs、Rp / Rs、Pp / Ps、PAWP、PVRI等19例判断为动力性PAH,4例重度PAH性质难以判断;5例重度PAH患儿均行急性肺血管扩张试验,4例结果符合动力性PAH改变,1例不完全符合;23例均行封堵试验,结果均符合动力性PAH改变;23例患儿完成封堵治疗,术后随访心脏大小、肺动脉压力均恢复正常。结论:详细的心导管检查获取必要的生理资料对PAH性质初步判断,结合急性肺血管扩张试验、封堵试验作出综合判断,能有效避免单一的血流动力学参数评价PAH性质的局限性,从而获得较好的临床效果。
双侧脑电双频指数监测对急性脑损伤患者预后的评估价值

目的:探讨急性脑损伤患者的双侧脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)与格拉斯哥评分(glasgow coma scale,GCS)、血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuronspecific enolase,NSE)的相关性及其评估预后的价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选取40例急诊ICU急性脑损伤致昏迷的患者。根据预后将患者分为存活组(24例)和死亡组(16例)。所有患者入ICU后48 h内行持续24 h双侧BIS监测,取双侧BIS平均值,记录患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、GCS评分,并检测当日NSE值。比较两组BIS值、APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分、NSE值,并分析BIS值与GCS评分、NSE值的相关性。结果:死亡组患者的BIS平均值及GCS评分明显低于存活组[BIS平均值:29.7 ± 16.5 vs. 49.8 ± 8.3,P < 0.05;GCS评分(分):4.1 ± 1.1 vs. 6.4 ± 1.4,P < 0.05]。死亡组患者的NSE值(ng /mL)高于存活组(74.5 ± 18.4 vs. 23.5 ± 12.4,P < 0.05)。双侧BIS平均值与GCS评分呈正相关(r=0.626,P < 0.05),与NSE值呈负相关(r=-0.870,P < 0.05)。结论:双侧BIS监测是评估急性脑损伤患者预后的有效指标。
宫腔灌注hCG对反复种植失败及复发性流产患者外周血Treg的影响

目的:探讨宫腔灌注人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG)对外周血Treg细胞的调节作用,进而为反复种植失败(repeated implantation failure,RIF)及复发性流产(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)患者宫腔灌注hCG治疗提供理论依据。方法:选择2015年1—7月在南京鼓楼医院生殖中心行辅助助孕RIF的患者14例、RSA患者16例,于自然周期黄体中期行宫腔灌注hCG。分别用流式细胞仪鉴定计数灌注前后的外周血CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg细胞率。结果:宫腔灌注hCG后RIF组患者外周血中Treg的表达率[(2.26 ± 0.63)%]较灌注前[(1.72 ± 0.69)%]显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);宫腔灌注hCG后RSA组患者外周血中Treg的表达率[(2.33 ± 0.56)%]较灌注前[(1.74 ± 0.62)%]显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:宫腔灌注hCG能提高RIF及RSA患者种植窗期外周血Treg细胞百分比,诱导免疫耐受,促进胚胎植入,降低流产率。
从“药弗瞑眩,厥疾弗瘳”探析“瞑眩”

通过分析瞑眩表现特点、发生机理与药物毒副作用的区别,指出瞑眩是包括药物、针灸等治疗领域在内的治疗过程中的一种反应现象,其发生具有突发性和短暂性的特点,症状表现多种多样。瞑眩现象发生后,其病均能迅速好转或快速痊愈。瞑眩反应尤其应与药物毒副作用相鉴别。当病情为瞑眩时要顺应病情,不要逆势而为;当病情为药物毒副反应时,更要诊断正确,采取急救措施,尤应避免轻易断为瞑眩而贻误治疗情况的发生。
卑惵源流探析

卑惵是中医古籍中记载的一种情志疾病,以自卑愧疚、惊恐回避为主要临床表现。古代文献中关于卑惵的记载较为零散,其名首见于《伤寒论》,其因机证治散见于后世诸家。故本文从病名、病因病机、临床表现三方面对卑惵的源流进行考证,探本溯源,理清源流,并总结了历代医家对卑惵病因病机的认识,同时对卑惵的治法方药进行了深入探讨,以期拓宽临床思路,对该病的中医药治疗有所裨益。
Lifetime prediction of electrical connectors under multiple environment stresses of temperature and particulate contamination

Electrical connectors play a significant role in the electronic and communication systems. As they are often exposed in the atmosphere environment, it is extremely easy for them to cause electrical contact failure. It is essential to carry out the reliability modeling and predict the lifetime. In the present work, the accelerated lifetime testing method which is on account of the uniform design method was designed to obtain the degradation data under multiple environmental stresses of temperature and particulate contamination for electrical connectors. Based on the degradation data, the pseudo life can be acquired. Then the reliability model was established by analyzing the pseudo life. Accordingly, the reliability function and reliable lifetime function were set up, and the reliable lifetime of the connectors under the multiple environment stresses of temperature and particulate contamination could be predicted for electrical connectors.
Modeling and analysis of epidemic spreading on community network with node's birth and death

In this paper, a modified susceptible infected susceptible (SIS) epidemic model is proposed on community structure networks considering birth and death of node. For the existence of node's death would change the topology of global network, the characteristic of network with death rate is discussed. Then we study the epidemiology behavior based on the mean-field theory and derive the relationships between epidemic threshold and other parameters, such as modularity coefficient, birth rate and death rates (caused by disease or other reasons). In addition, the stability of endemic equilibrium is analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the epidemic threshold increases with the increase of two kinds of death rates, while it decreases with the increase of the modularity coefficient and network size.
双胎妊娠一胎畸形的临床特点及相关因素分析

目的:初步了解双胎妊娠一胎畸形的临床特点,探讨其相关因素。方法:回顾分析216例双胎妊娠一胎畸形病例的临床资料,根据畸形所属系统分为11组,分析各组畸形的构成比。按1∶1比例同期选取两胎儿均正常的双胎妊娠孕妇216例作为对照组,分析双胎妊娠一胎畸形发生与孕妇年龄、孕次、居住地、文化程度、受孕方式、绒毛膜性等的相关性。结果:216例双胎妊娠一胎畸形以自然受孕为主(90.22%),且绒毛膜性构成比MC(74.67%)高于DC(25.33%)。畸形所属系统发生顺位及其构成比:心血管系统(40.0%)、骨骼肌肉系统(15.11%)、泌尿系统(14.22%)、颜面颈部(9.33%)、神经系统(6.67%)、消化系统(4.0%)、腹壁裂(3.56%)、联体双胎(3.56%)、无心序列征(1.33%)、呼吸系统(1.33%)、染色体异常(0.89%)。单因素分析显示,畸形与自然受孕(P=0.000)、MC有关(P=0.000)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,MC为独立危险因素(P=0.000)。结论:正确认识双胎妊娠一胎畸形的高危因素,做好一级预防,规范孕期管理,采取合理的产前诊断方法和专业的咨询、治疗具有重要意义。
膝部外伤后继发骨化性肌炎1例

鉴定时被鉴定人左膝关节活动严重受限,功能丧失达一下肢功能的25%以上(未达50%),构成道路交通事故九级伤残。骨化性肌炎的发生虽与外伤密切相关,但也与自身因素(如对创伤的敏感性)存在一定关系,即交通事故外伤为主要原因,自身因素为次要原因。
胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤磁共振误诊血肿一例

总之,MRI对横纹肌肉瘤定位准确,可以清楚显示病变部位、大小。MRI表现上有一定的信号特点,结合发病年龄及临床特点,可做出诊断,但最终确诊依赖于病理检查。
Electron transport in solution-grown TIPS-pentacene single crystals: Effects of gate dielectrics and polar impurities

The n-channel behavior has been occasionally reported in the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that usually exhibit p-channel transport only. Reconfirmation and further examination of these unusual device performances should deepen the understanding on the electron transport in organic semiconductors. 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), a widely examined p-channel material as Au is used for source-drain electrodes, has recently been reported to exhibit electron transport when grown from non-polar solvent on divinyltetramethyldisiloxanebis (benzocy-clobutene) (BCB) dielectric, spurring the study on this unusual electron transport. This paper describes FET characteristics of solution-grown TIPS-pentacene single crystals on five polymer gate dielectrics including polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)). In addition to the p-channel behavior, electron transport occurs in the crystals on PMMA, PS, thick PVA (40 nm) and a bilayer dielectric of PMMA on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), while does not on PVP and thin PVA (2 nm). The two distinct FET characteristics are consistent with the previous reported trap effect of hydroxyl groups (in PVP and PVA) and reduced injection barrier by Na~+ ions (as impurity in PVA). The highest electron mobility of 0.48 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1) has been achieved in the crystals on PMMA. Furthermore, the electron transport is greatly attenuated after the crystals are exposed to the vapor of a variety of polar solvents and the attenuated electron transport partially recovers if the crystals are heated, indicating the adverse effect of polar impurities on electron transport. By reconfirming the n-channel behavior in the OFETs based on TIPS-pentacene, this work has implications for the design of n-channel and ambipolar OFETs.
气态氯乙烯制备溶液标准样品的研制

氯乙烯作为一种重要的化工原料,主要用于合成聚氯乙烯材料(PVC),可由乙烯或乙炔制得。氯乙烯常温下为气态,沸点-13.9℃,对光和热的稳定性较差,极易溶于有机溶剂。氯乙烯具有毒性,长期吸入或接触对人体有不同程度的损害,严重者可患肝癌。美国国家毒理学计划(NTP)已把氯乙烯确认为已知人类致癌物质,世界卫生组织的国际癌症研究机构(IARC)也将氯乙烯列为I类致癌物。虽然氯乙烯毒性很大,但我国早在2009年氯乙烯单体的生产能力就已经达到1 307.7万t,占全世界的29.57%,随着产能逐年加大,氯乙烯对水体环境的污染也日益严重。因此,国家标准中规定集中式生活饮用水地表水源地氯乙烯限值为0.005mg·L~(-1),生活饮用水中氯乙烯限值为0.005mg·L~(-1)。为了符合国家标准,对环境中氯乙烯的监测必不可少,而及时、详细、准确、可靠地获取表征环境数据的标准样品则是确保监测质量的重要工具。我国在相关氯乙烯溶液标准样品方面的研究还是一片空白,同样国外也没有成熟的氯乙烯溶液标准样品的制备方法。调研发现,市场在售的几家国外氯乙烯溶液标准样品中,存在量值不准确的问题,且价格昂贵,供货周期长。我国自主研制此类标准样品为监测氯乙烯提供可靠依据已经迫在眉睫。在制备过程中,如何将气态氯乙烯转移到液态溶剂中成为研制氯乙烯溶液标准样品的技术难点。气体采集方式主要采用注射器采样法、气袋捕集法、溶剂密闭吸收法、固体吸附-溶剂解析法等。由于氯乙烯气体沸点接近常温,属于易液化气体,且易溶于有机溶剂,结合注射器采样法和溶剂密闭吸收法,本工作对气态氯乙烯定量转移到有机溶剂进行探究,尝试建立氯乙烯溶液标准样品的制备方法,为今后研制氯乙烯溶液标准样品提供技术储备。
当归补血微囊胶原海绵促进伤口愈合的效果观察

当归补血汤是补气生血代表剂。黄芪甲苷和阿魏酸分别是黄芪和当归中代表性的活性成分。胶原蛋白海绵作为生物支架材料,可止血及促进组织愈合,可体内降解、组织相容性好,将药物微囊化后与胶原海绵相结合,可以形成更长效的缓控释制剂。本实验中,当归补血微囊以当归补血汤为原型,以黄芪甲苷和阿魏酸5:1配比,制成微囊后混合吸收进入胶原海绵,通过建立大鼠损伤模型,探讨当归补血微囊胶原海绵促进伤口愈合的作用。
Nanocarbons and their hybrids as catalysts for non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries

Rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O_2) batteries have been considered as the most promising candidates for energy storage and conversion devices because of their ultra high energy density. Until now, the critical scientific challenges facing Li-O_2 batteries are the absence of advanced electrode architectures and highly efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which seriously hinder the commercialization of this technology. In the last few years, a number of strategies have been devoted to exploring new catalysts with novel structures to enhance the battery performance. Among various of oxygen electrode catalysts, carbon-based materials have triggered tremendous attention as suitable cathode catalysts for Li-O_2 batteries due to the reasonable structures and the balance of catalytic activity, durability and cost. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and basic understandings related to the carbon-based oxygen electrode catalytic materials, including nanostructured carbon materials (one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, 2D graphene nanosheets, 3D hierarchical architectures and their doped structures), and metal/metal oxide-nanocarbon hybrid materials (nanocarbon supporting metal/metal oxide and nanocarbon encapsulating metal/metal oxide). Finally, several key points and research directions of the future design for highly efficient catalysts for practical Li-O_2 batteries are proposed based on the fundamental understandings and achievements of this battery field.
Grazing effects on herbage nutritive values depend on precipitation and growing season in Inner Mongolian grassland

Aims Grasslands are widely used for production of livestock, which depend on the nutritive value of herbage species. However, there are still large uncertainties as to how grazing, precipitation and growing season interactively affect herbage nutritive value. Methods Here, based on a grazing experiment with seven grazing intensities in an Inner Mongolian grassland since the year 2005, we analysed nutritive value of four dominant grass species from June to September in both a relatively wetter year (2008) and a drier year (2010). Herbage with high nutritive value is characterized by high concentration of crude protein, high concentration of cellulase digestible organic matter and low concentration of neutral detergent fibre. Important Findings We found that (i) grazing significantly increased the nutritive value of Leymus chinensis, Agropyron michnoi and Cleistogenes squarrosa but had minor effects on the nutritive value of Stipa grand is. (ii) For all species, nutritive values were greater in the wetter year than in the drier year and were greatest in the early growing season (June) and lowest at the end of the growing season (September). Inter-annual and inter-seasonal variations in nutritive value were much greater for L. chinensis and A. michnoi than for C. squarrosa and 5. grandis, suggesting higher water use efficiency for the latter two species. (iii) Grazing significantly decreased the drought resistance of three species, but not of 5. grandis. (iv) Grazing significantly increased inter-month variation in nutritive value for L. chinensis and A. michnoi but had relatively minor or no effects on that of C. squarrosa and 5. grandis. Therefore, grazing effects on species nutritive values showed strong inter-annual and seasonal patterns, and species-specific responses might be related to species traits (i.e. water use efficiency, digestibility). Our results have important implications for ecosystem management of arid and semi-arid grasslands under intense grazing and global climatic change.
Geomechanical modeling of CO_2 geological storage: A review

This paper focuses on the progress in geomechanical modeling associated with carbon dioxide (CO_2) geological storage. The detailed review of some geomechanical aspects, including numerical methods, stress analysis, ground deformation, fault reactivation, induced seismicity and crack propagation, is presented. It is indicated that although all the processes involved are not fully understood, integration of all available data, such as ground survey, geological conditions, microseismicity and ground level deformation, has led to many new insights into the rock mechanical response to CO_2 injection. The review also shows that in geomechanical modeling, continuum modeling methods are predominant compared with discontinuum methods. It is recommended to develop continuum-discontinuum numerical methods since they are more convenient for geomechanical modeling of CO_2 geological storage, especially for fracture propagation simulation. The MohreCoulomb criterion is widely used in prediction of rock mass mechanical behavior. It would be better to use a criterion considering the effect of the intermediate principal stress on rock mechanical behavior, especially for the stability analysis of deeply seated rock engineering. Some challenges related to geomechanical modeling of CO_2 geological storage are also discussed.
金属离子激活寨卡病毒NS3解旋酶的分子机制

自2015年寨卡病毒在巴西大规模暴发以来,寨卡病毒的传播呈现上升态势,并不断向亚洲地区扩散,各国科学家紧锣密鼓地展开了对寨卡病毒发病机制的研究.目前,人们已经成功解析出寨卡病毒颗粒以及数个病毒蛋白的三维结构,并对其不同结构组分进行了深入的研究.最新一项来自中国科学技术大学金腾川团队的研究,在寨卡病毒NS3解旋酶结构和机理方面取得了重要突破,相关结果在线发表于《核酸研究》(Nucleic Acids Research).
整合分析脆性X 染色体综合征患者来源的诱导多能干细胞在神经元分化中的转录组变化

脆性X染色体综合征(fragile X syndrome, FXS)患者在FMR1基因的启动子区具有超过200个以上CGG三核苷酸重复片段,导致其编码的脆性X智力低下蛋白(fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP)的表达减少或缺失.然而目前尚未在单核苷酸分辨率(即RNA-seq)水平上鉴定FMRP缺失所引起的转录组变化.本文对FXS患者成纤维细胞来源的诱导多能干细胞(human induced pluripotent stem cell, iPS细胞)(FXS-iPSC)进行了体外神经元分化.然后采用RNA-seq技术检测了FXS-iPSC在体外神经元分化各阶段的转录调控变化情况.通过详尽的分析这些转录组数据并整合其他研究平台的成果,发现在FXS-iPSC分化得到的神经元中许多与神经元分化相关的转录因子(WNT1, BMP4, POU3F4, TFAP2C和PAX3)表达上调,钾离子通道基因(KCNA1, KCNC3, KCNG2, KCNIP4, KCNJ3, KCNK9和KCNT1)表达下调,而SHANK1和NNAT转录调控的时序发生改变,这表明FXS患者神经元的分化和功能受损.综上所述,本研究证明FXS患者中FMRP的缺失显著影响了神经发育过程的基因表达模式,并将有助于发现临床治疗FXS的潜在靶点.
Marine invasions enter the genomic era: three lessons from the past, and the way forward

The expanding scale and increasing rate of marine biological invasions have been documented since the early 20th century. Besides their global ecological and economic impacts, non-indigenous species (NIS) also have attracted much attention as opportunities to explore important eco-evolutionary processes such as rapid adaptation, long-distance dispersal and range expansion, and secondary contacts between divergent evolutionary lineages. In this context, genetic tools have been extensively used in the past 20 years. Three important issues appear to have emerged from such studies. First, the study of NIS has revealed unexpected cryptic diversity in what had previously been assumed homogeneous entities. Second, there has been surprisingly little evidence of strong founder events accompanying marine introductions, a pattern possibly driven by large propagule loads. Third, the evolutionary processes leading to successful invasion have been difficult to ascertain due to faint genetic signals. Here we explore the potential of novel tools associated with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to address these still pressing issues. Dramatic increase in the number of loci accessible via HTS has the potential to radically increase the power of analyses aimed at species delineation, exploring the population genomic consequences of range expansions, and examining evolutionary processes such as admixture, introgression, and adaptation. Nevertheless, the value of this new wealth of genomic data will ultimately depend on the ability to couple it with expanded "traditional" efforts, including exhaustive sampling of marine populations over large geographic scales, integrated taxonomic analyses, and population level exploration of quantitative trait differentiation through common-garden and other laboratory experiments.
Scale dependency of Liolaemus lizards' home range in response to different environmental variables

Animal habitat-use patterns cannot be isolated from scale issues. Consequently, multi-scale studies provide a complete characterization of ecological patterns that can further explain the observed variation. Liolaemus constitutes the world's second most speciose lizard genus. In this study, we assessed the relationships between home range size and environmental variables at 3 different spatial scales. The study at a local and regional scale was focused on the habitat specialist Liolaemus multimaculatus. The lizard's home range was calculated using the minimum convex polygon method in populations from grassland sites of the coastal sand dunes of the Argentinean Pampas under 2 different conditions, with or without forestations of Acacia longifolia. On the other hand, at a geographical scale we considered the evolutionary implications of 20 species of Liolaemus. Home range size, phylogeny, ecological, environmental, and climatic data were obtained from the literature and remote sensing. L. multimaculatus home range varied from 12.66 to 570.00 m. Regionally, this species had smaller home ranges in forested habitats (X: 94.02 m~2) compared with the non-forested sites (X: 219.78 m~2). Habitat structure, vegetation types, and food availability would explain the space use at finer scales. When the 20 species of Liolaemus were considered, high mean air temperature and broad thermal amplitudes showed an inverse relationship with home range size. Neither net primary productivity nor phylogeny was good predictors for home range variation at geographical scale. This study highlights the scale dependence of the explicative capability of a set of environmental and intrinsic variables on home range patterns.
Relationship between sand-dust weather and water dynamics of desert areas in the middle reaches of Heihe River

Sand-dust weather has become an international social-environmental issue of common concern, and constitutes a serious threat to human lives and economic development. In order to explore the responses of natural desert sand and dust to the dynamics of water in desertification, we extracted long-term monitoring data related to precipitation, soil water, groundwater, and sand-dust weather. These data originated from the test stations for desertification control in desert areas of the middle reaches of the Heihe River. We used an algorithm of characteristic parameters, correlations, and multiple regression analysis to establish a regression model for the duration of sand-dust weather. The response characteristics of the natural desert sand and dust and changes of the water inter-annual and annual variance were also examined. Our results showed: (1) From 2006 to 2014 the frequency, duration, and volatility trends of sand-dust weather obviously increased, but the change amplitudes of precipitation, soil water, and groundwater level grew smaller. (2) In the vegetative growth seasons from March to November, the annual variance rates of the soil moisture content in each of four studied layers of soil samples were similar, and the changes in the frequency and duration of sand-dust weather were similar. (3) Our new regression equation for the duration of sand-dust weather passed the R test, F test, and t test. By this regression model we could predict the duration of sand-dust weather with an accuracy of 42.9%. This study can thus provide technological support and reference data for water resource management and research regarding sand-dust weather mechanisms.
Calculation method for thickness of discontinuous boundary layer of engineering pavement

The boundary layer is a buffer layer of water and heat exchange between the atmosphere and permafrost. Based on the atmospheric boundary layer and heat transfer theory, we established a method for determining the boundary layer thickness of engineering pavement (asphalt and sand pavement) in permafrost region. The boundary layer can be divided into the Boundary Layer Above Surface (BLAS) and the Boundary Layer Below Surface (BLBS). From in-situ monitoring data, the thickness of BLAS was determined through the laminar thickness, and the thickness of BLBS was determined through ground temperature, the heat conduction function, and the mean attenuation function (α). For asphalt pavement, the BLAS thickness varied between 2.90 and 4.31 mm and that of BLBS varied between 28.00 and 45.38 cm. For sand pavement, the BLAS thickness varied between 2.55 and 3.29 mm and that of BLBS varied between 15.00 and 46.44 cm. The thickness varied with freezing and thawing processes. The boundary layer calculation method described in this paper can provide a relatively stable boundary for temperature field analysis.