mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the potential mechanism of fruit flavor formation in wild hawthorn (Crataegus chungtienensis)

Hawthorns are important medicinal and edible plants with a long history of health protection in China. Besides cultivated hawthorn, other wild hawthorns may also have excellent medicinal and edible value, such as Crataegus chungtienensis, an endemic species distributed in the Southwest of China. In this study, by integrating the flavor-related metabolome and transcriptome data of the ripening fruit of C. chungtienensis, we have developed an understanding of the formation of hawthorn fruit quality. The results show that a total of 849 metabolites were detected in the young and mature fruit of C. chungtienensis, of which flavonoids were the most detected metabolites. Among the differentially accumulated metabolites, stachyose, maltotetraose and cis-aconitic acid were significantly increased during fruit ripening, and these may be important metabolites affecting fruit flavor change. Moreover, several flavonoids and terpenoids were reduced after fruit ripening compared with young fruit. Therefore, using the unripe fruit of C. chungtienensis may allow us to obtain more medicinal active ingredients such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, we screened out some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to fruit quality formation, which had important relationships with differentially accumulated sugars, acids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Our study provides new insights into flavor formation in wild hawthorn during fruit development and ripening, and at the same time this study lays the foundation for the improvement of hawthorn fruit flavor.
Prelithiation strategies for silicon-based anode in high energy density lithium-ion battery

Green energy storage devices play vital roles in reducing fossil fuel emissions and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.Growing markets for portable electronics and electric vehicles create tremendous demand for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power and energy density,and novel electrode material with high capacity and energy density is one of the keys to next-generation LIBs.Silicon-based materials,with high specific capacity,abundant natural resources,high-level safety and environmental friendliness,are quite promising alternative anode materials.However,significant volume expansion and redundant side reactions with electrolytes lead to active lithium loss and decreased coulombic efficiency (CE) of silicon-based material,which hinders the commercial application of silicon-based anode.Prelithiation,preembedding extra lithium ions in the electrodes,is a promising approach to replenish the lithium loss during cycling.Recent progress on prelithiation strategies for silicon-based anode,including electrochemical method,chemical method,direct contact method,and active material method,and their practical potentials are reviewed and prospected here.The development of advanced Si-based material and prelithiation technologies is expected to provide promising approaches for the large-scale application of silicon-based materials.
NMR diffusion analysis of catalytic conversion mixtures from lignocellulose biomass using PSYCHE-iDOSY

The component analysis and structure characterization of complex mixtures of biomass conversion remain a challenging work.Hence,developing effective and easy to use techniques is necessary.Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is a non-selective and non-invasive method capable of achieving pseudo-separation and structure assignments of individual compounds from biomass mixtures by providing diffusion coefficients (D) of the components.However,the conventional ~1H DOSY NMR is limited by crowded resonances when analyzing complex mixtures containing similar chemical structure resulting in similar coefficient.Herein we describe the application of an advanced diffusion NMR method,Pure Shift Yielded by CHirp Excitation DOSY (PSYCHE-iDOSY),which can record high-resolution signal diffusion spectra efficiently separating compounds in model and genuine mixture samples from cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.Complicated sets of isomers (D-glucose/D-fructose/D-mannose and 1,2-/1,5-pentadiol),homologous compounds (ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol),model compounds of lignin,and a genuine reaction system (furfuryl alcohol hydrogenolysis with ring opening) were successfully separated in the diffusion dimension.The results show that the ultrahigh-resolution DOSY technique is capable of detecting and pseudo-separating the mixture components of C_5/C_6 sugar conversion products and its derivative hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis from lignocellulose biomass.
Hierarchically porous Fe/N/S/C nanospheres with high-content of Fe-Nx for enhanced ORR and Zn-air battery performance

Heteroatom-doped carbon-based transition-metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, with the aid of hierarchically porous silica as hard template, a facile and general melting perfusion and mesopore-confined pyrolysis method was reported to prepare single-atomic Fe/N-S-doped carbon catalyst (FeNx/NC-S) with hierarchically porous structure and well-defined morphology. The FeNx/NC-S exhibited excellent ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E_(1/2)) of 0.92 V, and a lower overpotential of 320 mVat a current density of 10 mA cm~(-2) for OER under alkaline condition. The remarkable electrocatalysis performance can be attributed to the hierarchically porous carbon nanospheres with S doping and high content of Fe-Nx sites (up to 3.7 wt% of Fe), resulting from the nano-confinement effect of the hierarchically porous silica spheres (NKM-5) during the pyrolysis process. The rechargeable Zn-air battery with FeNx/NC-S as a cathode catalyst demonstrated a superior power density of 194.5 mW cm~(-2) charge-discharge stability. This work highlights a new avenue to design advanced SACs for efficient sustainable energy storage and conversion.
胃癌根治术Roux-en-Y消化道重建后Peterson疝1例

由于Peterson疝临床表现无特异性,CT等辅助检查对于诊断的价值有限,故应该注意Roux-en-Y消化道重建的病史,适时把握手术指征行剖腹探查术,避免延误诊断导致肠管坏死以及切除。
肠道微生物在肥胖干预中的作用

分析肠道微生物与肥胖干预效果,探讨不同饮食干预下肠道微生物群的基线组成[微生物基因丰富度/多样性,肠型(细菌比例)及指示菌(细菌类群)]在肥胖干预中对机体代谢的预测作用。(1)成年肥胖人群肠道微生物种类多、基因计数较高(>480 000),高纤维和限能量膳食干预后,肠道菌群组成稳定,肠道益生菌丰度增高,有助于胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和慢性炎症缓解;(2)肠道菌群中普雷沃氏菌/拟杆菌(P/B)较高的成年肥胖个体,高纤维和限能量膳食干预后,减重效果显著,1年内体重保持稳定;(3)嗜粘蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)等特定菌属的丰度可以作为血糖、血脂、体脂等健康状况的预测指示菌。肠道微生物群作为治疗肥胖的技术手段具有广阔的应用前景,但这一领域的研究仍然具有挑战性,需要更大规模的人群研究,直到个性化营养切实实现并可转化为临床实践。
CFD-DEM modelling of suffusion in multi-layer soils with different fines contents and impermeable zones

Suffusion in broadly graded granular soils is caused by fluid flow and is a typical cause of geo-hazards.Previous studies of it have mainly focused on suffusion in homogeneous soil specimens.In this study,the coupled discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is adopted to model suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents,and soils with one or more impermeable zones.The parameters of the CFD-DEM model are first calibrated with the classic Ergun test and a good match with experiment is obtained.Then suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents and impermeable zones is simulated and discussed.The simulation results show that,for soils with multiple layers,the cumulative eroded mass is mainly determined by the fines content of the bottom layer.In general,the higher the fines content of the bottom soil layer,the higher the cumulative eroded mass.In addition,suffusion is more severe if the fines content of the layer above is decreased.Impermeable zones inside soil specimens can increase the flow velocity around those zones,facilitating the migration of fine particles and intensifying suffusion.
21世纪生物医学的三个主要发展趋势

随着科学技术的发展和社会的进步,人类的预期寿命在20世纪有了显著的增长,各发达国家陆续进入老龄化社会。中国社会在改革开放的30年时间里取得了突出的成就,在20世纪末也进入了老龄化社会。老龄化社会带来了疾病谱的重大转变,即慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)显著增加——年龄是慢性病发生的主要风险因素。世界银行在2015年一份题为《长寿与繁荣:东亚和太平洋地区的老龄化社会》的报告中指出,全球65岁以上的老年人中的36%目前居住在东北亚地区;预计到2030年,癌症、心脏病和糖尿病等与高龄相关的慢性病患者将占这个地区全部疾病患者的85%。
High-gain integrated in-line few-mode amplifier enabling 3840-km long-haul transmission

An integrated few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(FM-EDFA)with high modal gain is suitable for the in-line amplification in mode-division multiplexing transmission(MDM)systems. We first experimentally demonstrate a dual-stage integrated FM-EDFA supporting three linear polarization modes. Consisting of integrated passive components with low insertion losses, the FM-EDFA has a similar structure and performance to widely used commercial single-mode EDFAs. The averaged modal gain of 25 dB, the differential modal gain(DMG)of<1.1 dB, and noise figures of 5-7 dB are simultaneously achieved. In addition, the DMG of the 3M-EDF itself is ~0.3 dB. Moreover, an MDM transmission experiment with the in-line few-mode amplification by our proposed FM-EDFA over a 3840-km few-mode fiber link for a 28-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK)signal is demonstrated.
Evanescent waveguide lab-on-chip for optical biosensing in food quality control

Optical biosensing systems are commonly developed assembling a source, a light-sample interaction area, and a detector as distinct stand-alone elements. We present a compact, inexpensive, and easy-to-use glass chip that monolithically integrates both the interaction and detection elements in a 1 cm~2 overall surface. The device working principle is based on evanescent wavelight interaction with the complex refractive index of a liquid mixture, being the index influenced by the mixture's physical and chemical features. We describe the manufacture of a prototype able to perform investigations on food quality and subsequent tests on the detection of fat content in milk. Theoretical investigations are reported as well as measurements performed on samples in the green spectrum. A sensitivity of about 139 fA/(g/dL)and a limit of detection of 14 ppm have been achieved, better than those of current commercial devices.
Absolute quantitative detection of genetically modified soybean MON87708×MON89788 with stacked traits by digital polymerase chain reaction

The main advantage of digital PCR (dPCR) is that it facilitates absolute quantification of the target without reference to the standard/calibration curve. Crystal droplet dPCR has a three-color staining detection function, which enables multiplex PCR reaction. In this study, this technique was used to establish triple dPCR detection for the genetically modified soybean MON87708×MON89788 with stacked traits. Specific absolute quantitative detection was accomplished for the genomic DNA extracted from the homogenized seeds of GM stack MON87708×MON89788 soybean. Our results can serve as a reference for the absolute quantitative detection of stacked events of genetically modified crops.
Effect of titanium content on the refinement of coarse columnar austenite grains during the solidification of peritectic steel

The effect of titanium content on the refinement of austenite grain size in as-cast peritectic carbon steel was investigated by fast directional solidification experiments with simulating the solidification and growth of surface and subsurface austenite in continuously cast slabs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the size and distribution of Ti(C,N) precipitates during solidification. Based on these results, the pinning pressure of Ti(C,N) precipitates on the growth of coarse columnar grains (CCGs) was studied. The results show that the austenite microstructure of as-cast peritectic carbon steel is mainly composed of the regions of CCGs and fine columnar grains (FCGs). Increasing the content of titanium reduces the region and the short axis of the CCGs. When the content of titanium is 0.09wt%, there is no CCG region. Dispersed microscale particles will firstly form in the liquid, which will decrease the transition temperature from FCGs to CCGs. The chain-like nanoscale Ti(C,N) will precipitate with the decrease of the transition temperature. Furthermore, calculations shows that the refinement of the CCGs is caused by the pinning effect of Ti(C,N) precipitates.
Effects of Zr content on electrochemical performance of Ti/Sn–Ru–Co–ZrO_x electrodes

The low cell voltage during electrolytic Mn from the MnCl_2 system can effectively reduce the power consumption. In this work, the Ti/Sn-Ru-Co-Zr modified anodes were obtained by using thermal decomposition oxidation. The physical parameters of coatings were observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope). Based on the electrochemical performance and SEM/XRD (X-ray diffraction) of the coatings, the influence of Zr on electrode performance was studied and analyzed. When the mole ratio of Sn-Ru-Co-Zr is 6:1:0.8:0.3, the cracks on the surface of coatings were the smallest, and the compactness was the best due to the excellent filling effect of ZrO_2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the electrode prepared under this condition had the lowest mass transfer resistance and high chloride evolution activity in the 1mol% NH_4Cl and 1.5mol% HCl system. The service life of 3102 h was achieved according to the empirical formula of accelerated-life-test of the new type anode.
Cobalt-based multicomponent nanoparticles supported on N-doped graphene as advanced cathodic catalyst for zinc–air batteries

To improve the efficiency of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc–air batteries (ZABs), an adsorption–complexation–calcination method was proposed to generate cobalt-based multicomponent nanoparticles comprising Co, Co_3O_4 and CoN, as well as numerous N heteroatoms, on graphene nanosheets (Co/Co_3O_4/CoN/NG). The Co/Co_3O_4/CoN nanoparticles with the size of less than 50 nm are homogeneously dispersed on N-doped graphene (NG) substrate, which greatly improve the catalytic behaviors for ORR. The results show that the half-wave potential is as high as 0.80 V vs. RHE and the limiting current density is 4.60 mA·cm~(-2), which are close to those of commercially available platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalysts. Applying as cathodic catalyst for ZABs, the battery shows large specific capacity and open circuit voltage of 843.0 mAh·g~(-1) and 1.41 V, respectively. The excellent performance is attributed to the efficient two-dimensional structure with high accessible surface area and the numerous multiple active sites provided by highly scattered Co/Co_3O_4/CoN particles and doped nitrogen on the carbon matrix.
Efficiency enhancement of Cs_(0.1)(CH_3NH_3)_(0.9)PbI_3 perovskite solar cell by surface passivation using iso-butyl ammonium iodide

Efficiency enhancement of Cs_(0.1)(CH_3NH_3)_(0.9)PbI_3 solar cell devices was performed by using iso-butyl ammonium iodide (IBA) passivated on Cs_(0.1)(CH_3NH_3)_(0.9)PbI_3 films. The n–i–p structure of perovskite solar cell devices was fabricated with the structure of FTO/SnO_2/Cs_(0.1)(CH_3NH_3)_(0.9)PbI_3 (FTO, i.e., fluorine doped tin oxide) and IBA/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The effect of different weights of IBA passivated on Cs-doped perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was systematically investigated and compared with non-passivated devices. It was found that the 5-mg IBA-passivated devices exhibited a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.49% higher than 12.64% of non-IBA-passivated devices. The improvement of photovoltaic parameters of the 5-mg IBA-passivated device can be clearly observed compared to the Cs-doped device. The better performance of the IBA-passivated device can be confirmed by the reduction of PbI_2 phase in the crystal structure, lower charge recombination rate, lower charge transfer resistance, and improved contact angle of perovskite films. Therefore, IBA passivation on Cs_(0.1)(CH_3NH)_(0.9)PbI_3 is a promising technique to improve the efficiency of Cs-doped perovskite solar cells.
Omnidirectional annealing process for scalable perovskite films

Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials due to the outstanding photoelectric properties and low-cost solution process; however, the low scalability and reproducibility of perovskite films hinder the commercialization. Liquid medium annealing (LMA) method has provided a robust liquid environment and an omnidirectional heating field to modulate the growth of perovskite films for high quality with low defect density, desirable stoichiometry, high homogeneity, and less environmental influence. The fabricated perovskite solar cells exhibited excellent reproducibility and power conversion efficiencies exceeding 24.04% with 0.08 cm~2 area and 23.15% with 1 cm~2 area.
Generating large topological charge Laguerre–Gaussian beam based on 4K phase-only spatial light modulator

The resolution of the spatial light modulator (SLM) screen and the encoding algorithm of the computer-generated hologram are the primary limiting factors in the generation of large topological charge vortex beams. This paper attempts to solve these problems by improving both the hardware and the algorithm. Theoretically, to overcome the limitations of beam waist radius, the amplitude profile function of large topological charge Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam is properly improved. Then, an experimental system employing a 4K phase-only SLM is set up, and the LG beams with topological charge up to 1200 are successfully generated. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of different beam waist radii on the generation of LG beams. Additionally, the function of the LG beam is further improved to generate an LG beam with a topological charge as high as 1400. Our results set a new benchmark for generating large topological charge vortex beams, which can be widely used in precise measurement, sensing, and communication.
Crystal growth and spectral properties of (Yb_(0.15)Lu_(0.85x)Y_(0.85-0.85x))_3Al_5O_(12) single crystals

Four single crystals (Yb_(0.15)Lu_(0.85x)Y_(0.85-0.85x))_3Al_5O_(12) (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1) were grown by the Czochralski method. The correlation of the host atom Lu:Y ratios with the density and the luminescence properties were revealed. The density increases linearly with increasing of Lu~(3+) content, which will improve the gamma ray cut-off ability. The integrated intensity of the X-ray excited luminescence spectrum increases exponentially with the increasing Y:Lu ratio, while the decay time becomes even shorter with the increasing Lu~(3+) content. These results will provide a basis to balance the comprehensive properties to match different application requirements.
Face anti-spoofing based on multi-modal and multi-scale features fusion

Face anti-spoofing is used to assist face recognition system to judge whether the detected face is real face or fake face. In the traditional face anti-spoofing methods,features extracted by hand are used to describe the difference between living face and fraudulent face. But these handmade features do not apply to different variations in an unconstrained environment. The convolutional neural network(CNN)for face deceptions achieves considerable results. However,most existing neural network-based methods simply use neural networks to extract single-scale features from single-modal data,while ignoring multi-scale and multi-modal information. To address this problem,a novel face anti-spoofing method based on multi-modal and multi-scale features fusion(MMFF)is proposed. Specifically,first residual network(Resnet)-34 is adopted to extract features of different scales from each modality,then these features of different scales are fused by feature pyramid network(FPN),finally squeeze-andexcitation fusion(SEF)module and self-attention network(SAN)are combined to fuse features from different modalities for classification. Experiments on the CASIA-SURF dataset show that the new method based on MMFF achieves better performance compared with most existing methods.
Oldest Basement (ca. 462 Ma) in Indonesian Borneo and its Implication for Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia

The lack of preserved basement results in uncertain placements of many terranes in Southeast Asia. Here, we flag the first evidence of the oldest basement in Indonesian Borneo, which can help locate terranes in Borneo on the northern margin of Gondwana in the early Paleozoic and explain the regional tectonic setting of the island. Two schist samples from the Embuoi Complex in the Semitau Block, Northwest Kalimantan yielded zircon U-Pb dates of 453.3 ± 1.9 Ma and 462.4 ± 2.6 Ma, respectively, representing the formation time of the protolith. Petrographic, internal structural and high Th/U ratios of zircons indicate that the protolith of schists is of magmatic origin. The zircons have ε_(Hf) (t) values of-4.1 to +1.1 and Hf model ages of 1.37–1.69 Ga, indicating they were derived from a mixed source of juvenile crust with old components. By comparison of zircon age distribution, two-stage Hf model ages and ε_(Hf) (t) variations of the early Paleozoic igneous rocks from Semitau with those of South China, Tengchong–Baoshan, and Indochina, the Semitau Block was most likely a part of or placed next to the Indochina Block of northern Gondwana during the early Paleozoic. Such a similar tectono-magmatic pattern on northern Gondwana formed a prolonged early Paleozoic arc-related belt associated with subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean.
Diagnosis of renal amyloidosis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: experience from a single-center cohort study in China

To the Editor: Amyloidosis is caused by the extracellular deposition of insoluble beta-pleated protein fibrils in tissues and is classified according to the constituent proteins. The cause of amyloidosis can be traced to more than 30 kinds of malfolded proteins, and accurate amyloid typing is crucial for appropriate therapy.[1] The pathological diagnosis is confirmed with positive Congo red (CR) staining under a light microscope and 7 to 12 nm branching fibrils under an electron microscope. Further identification of some amyloid precursor proteins can resort to immunofluorescence (IF) and immunochemistry (IHC); however, the accuracy depends on the selected antibodies to a large extent. Laser microdissection coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LMD/MS) can identify these proteins without the restriction of IF and IHC, although exquisite equipment and skilled specialists are required.[2] This study aimed to establish LMD/MS analysis of renal biopsy tissue and compare it with IHC on diagnostic sensitivity.