mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator

Many heat transfer tubes are distributed on the tube plates of a steam generator that requires periodic inspection by robots. Existing inspection robots are usually involved in issues: Robots with manipulators need complicated installation due to their fixed base; tube mobile robots suffer from low running efficiency because of their structural restricts. Since there are thousands of tubes to be checked, task planning is essential to guarantee the precise, orderly, and efficient inspection process. Most in-service robots check the task tubes using row-by-row and column-bycolumn planning. This leads to unnecessary inspections, resulting in a long shutdown and affecting the regular operation of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, this paper introduces the structure and control system of a dexterous robot and proposes a task planning method. This method proceeds into three steps: task allocation, base position search, and sequence planning. To allocate the task regions, this method calculates the tool work matrix and proposes a criterion to evaluate a sub-region. And then all tasks contained in the sub-region are considered globally to search the base positions. Lastly, we apply an improved ant colony algorithm for base sequence planning and determine the inspection orders according to the planned path. We validated the optimized algorithm by conducting task planning experiments using our robot on a tube sheet. The results show that the proposed method can accomplish full task coverage with few repetitive or redundant inspections and it increases the efficiency by 33.31% compared to the traditional planning algorithms.
Review of the role of ionic liquids in two-dimensional materials

Ionic liquids (ILs) are expected to be used as readily available “designer” solvents, characterized by a number of tunable properties that can be obtained by modulating anion and cation combinations and ion chain lengths. Among them, its high ionicity is outstanding in the preparation and property modulation of two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this review, we mainly focus on the ILs-assisted exfoliation of 2D materials towards large-scale as well as functionalization. Meanwhile, electric-field controlled ILs-gating of 2D material systems have shown novel electronic, magnetic, optical and superconducting properties, attracting a broad range of scientific research activities. Moreover, ILs have also been extensively applied in various field practically. We summarize the recent developments of ILs modified 2D material systems from the electrochemical, solar cells and photocatalysis aspects, discuss their advantages and possibilities as “designer solvent”. It is believed that the design of ILs accompanying with diverse 2D materials will not only solve several scientific problems but also enrich materials design and engineer of 2D materials.
A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys

Thermal energy storage has been a pivotal technology to fill the gap between energy demands and energy supplies. As a solid-solid phase change material, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have the inherent advantages of leakage free, no encapsulation, negligible volume variation, as well as superior energy storage properties such as high thermal conductivity (compared with ice and paraffin) and volumetric energy density, making them excellent thermal energy storage materials. Considering these characteristics, the design of the shapememory alloy based the cold thermal energy storage system for precooling car seat application is introduced in this paper based on the proposed shape-memory alloybased cold thermal energy storage cycle. The simulation results show that the minimum temperature of the metal boss under the seat reaches 26.2 °C at 9.85 s, which is reduced by 9.8 °C, and the energy storage efficiency of the device is 66%. The influence of initial temperature, elastocaloric materials, and the shape-memory alloy geometry scheme on the performance of car seat cold thermal energy storage devices is also discussed. Since SMAs are both solid-state refrigerants and thermal energy storage materials, hopefully the proposed concept can promote the development of more promising shapememory alloy-based cold and hot thermal energy storage devices.
Removal of ammonium and nitrate through Anammox and FeS-driven autotrophic denitrification

An autotrophic denitrifying bioreactor with iron sulfide (FeS) as the electron donor was operated to remove ammonium (NH_4~+) and nitrate (NO_3~-) synergistically from wastewater for more than 298 d. The concentration of FeS greatly affected the removal of NH_4~+/NO_3~-. Additionally, a low hydraulic retention time worsened the removal efficiency of NH_4~+/NO_3~-. When the hydraulic retention time was 12 h, the optimal removal was achieved with NH_4~+ and NO_3~- removal percentages both above 88%, and the corresponding nitrogen removal loading rates of NH_4~+ and NO_3~- were 49.1 and 44.0 mg/(L·d), respectively. The removal of NH_4~+ mainly occurred in the bottom section of the bioreactor through sulfate/ferric reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Sulfammox/Feammox), nitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) by functional microbes such as Nitrospira, Nitrosomonas, and Candidatus Kuenenia. Meanwhile, NO_3~- was mainly removed in the middle and upper sections of the bioreactor through autotrophic denitrification by Ferritrophicum, Thiobacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Pseudomonas, which possessed complete denitrification-related genes with high relative abundances.
Robust load-balanced backbone-based multicast routing in mobile opportunistic networks

Mobile opportunistic network (MON) is an efficient way of communication when there is no persistent connection between nodes. Multicast in MONs can be used to efficiently deliver messages to multiple destination nodes. However, because multiple destination nodes are involved, multicast routing is more complex than unicast and brings a higher communication cost. Backbone-based routing can effectively reduce the network overhead and the complexity of routing scheme. However, the load of backbone nodes is larger than that of regular nodes. If the backbone node’s buffer is exhausted, it will have a significant impact on the performance of the routing scheme. Load balancing can improve the ability of backbone to deal with the change of network load, and backbone maintenance algorithm can provide backbone robustness. In this paper, we propose a robust load-balanced backbone-based multicast routing scheme in MONs. In the backbone construction algorithm, we transform the problem of backbone construction into a multi-objective optimization problem, and propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithmbased backbone construction algorithm, namely LBMBCMOEA algorithm. In addition, in order to increase the robustness of the backbone-based routing scheme, we propose a localized multicast backbone maintenance algorithm (MBMA) to deal with the buffer exhaustion of backbone nodes. When a backbone node’s residual buffer is insufficient, MBMA algorithm selects other nodes to replace the backbone node. The results on extensive simulations show that when considering the node buffer size constraints, compared with previous backbone-based multicast routing schemes, our proposed algorithm has better performance, and when the node’s residual buffer is insufficient, MBMA algorithm can significantly improve the performance of the backbone-based multicast routing scheme.
Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

An analytical model based on complex variable theory is proposed to investigate ground responses due to shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground with an arbitrary ground surface load.The ground layers are assumed to be linear-elastic with full-stick contact between them.To solve the proposed multi-boundary problem,a series of analytic functions is introduced to accurately express the stresses and displacements contributed by different boundaries.Based on the principle of linear-elastic superposition,the multi-boundary problem is converted into a superposition of multiple single-boundary problems.The conformal mappings of different boundaries are independent of each other,which allows the stress and displacement fields to be obtained by the sum of components from each boundary.The analytical results are validated based on numerical and in situ monitoring results.The present model is superior to the classical model for analyzing ground responses of shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground;thus,it can be used with assurance to estimate the ground movement and surface building safety of shallow tunnel constructions beneath surface buildings.Moreover,the solution for the ground stress distribution can be used to estimate the safety of a single-layer composite ground.
Fictitious soil pile model for dynamic analysis of pipe piles under high-strain conditions

A fictitious soil pile (FSP) model is developed to simulate the behavior of pipe piles with soil plugs undergoing high-strain dynamic impact loading.The developed model simulates the base soil with a fictitious hollow pile fully filled with a soil plug extending at a cone angle from the pile toe to the bedrock.The friction on the outside and inside of the pile walls is distinguished using different shaft models,and the propagation of stress waves in the base soil and soil plug is considered.The motions of the pile-soil system are solved by discretizing them into spring-mass model based on the finite difference method.Comparisons of the predictions of the proposed model and conventional numerical models,as well as measurements for pipe piles in field tests subjected to impact loading,validate the accuracy of the proposed model.A parametric analysis is conducted to illustrate the influence of the model parameters on the pile dynamic response.Finally,the effective length of the FSP is proposed to approximate the affected soil zone below the pipe pile toe,and some guidance is provided for the selection of the model parameters.
Investigation of Pirnia’s orientation theory (Roon) in Yazd Qajar houses

This paper carefully explains Pirnia’s theory regarding the orientation of traditional Iranian cities and buildings (Roon) and investigates the factors involved in this historic architectural phenomenon. For this purpose, 40 traditional Yazd Qajar houses were under study. Most of which are in the Rasteh Roon and close to the southwest direction, and only five contradict the direction that Pirnia had pointed. While the primeval data indicated the theory is strengthening, the investigation followed the fundamental factors behind this event. From the perspective of analysis and discussion on involved factors (climate, topography, aqueducts, urban arteries, politics, trade routes, privacy, noise, view, and religion), it turns out that the direction of the wind and sun had negligible impacts on this orientation, and architects of the Qajar era in Yazd old city did not care about these climate factors. It seems religious factors were more influential. Thus, despite being approvingly referenced in many scientific studies, Pirnia’s orientation theory (Roon)dthe efforts of past Iranian architects to orient buildings in a specific direction due to their unique knowledge of region and climate factorsdbecomes not solid.
心脏磁共振在尿毒症性心肌病中的应用

心脏磁共振(CMR)作为一种无创的影像学检查方法,具有较良好的软组织分辨率,可进行多参数、多序列和多平面的成像,已经成为了评估心室结构和功能的“金标准”。以左心室肥厚与扩张为特征的尿毒症性心肌病(UC)是慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)或终末期肾病(ESRD)患者死亡的重要原因,故早期诊断UC并对其进行干预对于改善ESRD患者的预后具有重要作用。近年来,随着CMR的高速发展,其在UC的诊断、治疗和预后中的应用日益广泛。本文综述各类CMR技术在UC中的应用进展。
Direct measurement of the three-dimensional distribution of leaf area density and light conditions in a mature oak stand by the cube method

Although the distributions of foliage and light play major roles in various forest functions,accurate,nondestructive measurement of these distributions is difficult due to the complexity of the canopy structure.To evaluate the foliage and light distributions directly and nondestructively in a mature oak stand,we used the cube method by dividing the forest canopy into small cubes (50 cm per side) and directly measured leaf area density (LAD,the total one-sided leaf area per unit volume,i.e.,cube) and relative irradiance (RI) within each cube.The distribution of LAD and of RI was highly heterogeneous,even at the same canopy height.This heterogeneity reflected the presence of foliage clusters associated with multiple forking branches.The relationship between cumulative LAD at the canopy surface and average RI followed the Beer-Lambert law.The mean light extinction coefficient (K) was 0.32.However,K was overestimated by more than double (0.80) when calculated based on the classical method using RI at the forest floor.This overestimation was caused by the lower RI due to light absorption by nonleaf plant parts below the canopy.Our findings on the complex foliage and light distributions in canopy layers should help improve the accuracy of RI and K measurements and thus more accurate predictions of environmental responses and forest functions.
Characterizing prediction errors of a new tree height model for cut-to-length Pinus radiata stems through the Burr Type XII distribution

Unlike height-diameter equations for standing trees commonly used in forest resources modelling,tree height models for cut-to-length (CTL) stems tend to produce prediction errors whose distributions are not conditionally normal but are rather leptokurtic and heavy-tailed.This feature was merely noticed in previous studies but never thoroughly investigated.This study characterized the prediction error distribution of a newly developed such tree height model for Pinus radiata (D.Don) through the three-parameter Burr Type XII (BXII) distribution.The model's prediction errors (ε) exhibited heteroskedasticity conditional mainly on the small end relative diameter of the top log and also on DBH to a minor extent.Structured serial correlations were also present in the data.A total of 14 candidate weighting functions were compared to select the best two for weighting ε in order to reduce its conditional heteroskedasticity.The weighted prediction errors (εw) were shifted by a constant to the positive range supported by the BXII distribution.Then the distribution of weighted and shifted prediction errors (ε_(w+)) was characterized by the BXII distribution using maximum likelihood estimation through 1000 times of repeated random sampling,fitting and goodness-of-fit testing,each time by randomly taking only one observation from each tree to circumvent the potential adverse impact of serial correlation in the data on parameter estimation and inferences.The nonparametric two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit test and its closely related Kuiper's (KU) test showed the fitted BXII distributions provided a good fit to the highly leptokurtic and heavy-tailed distribution of ε.Random samples generated from the fitted BXII distributions of ε_(w+) derived from using the best two weighting functions,when back-shifted and unweighted,exhibited distributions that were,in about 97 and 95% of the 1000 cases respectively,not statistically different from the distribution of ε.Our results for cut-tolength P.radiata stems represented the first case of any tree species where a non-normal error distribution in tree height prediction was described by an underlying probability distribution.The fitted BXII prediction error distribution will help to unlock the full potential of the new tree height model in forest resources modelling of P.radiata plantations,particularly when uncertainty assessments,statistical inferences and error propagations are needed in research and practical applications through harvester data analytics.
Performance analysis of active RIS-aided multi-pair full-duplex communications with spatial correlation and imperfect CSI

This paper investigates a multi-pair full-duplex (FD) communication system aided by an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with spatial correlation and imperfect channel state information (CSI).We apply the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) method to estimate the cascaded user-RIS-user channel.The approximation for the sum achievable rate (ACR) is derived in closed form over correlated Rician fading channels.To provide insights in a poor-scattering environment,the sum ACR limits are also given when the Rician factors grow infinite.Subsequently,a method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is designed for the sum ACR maximization considering the cases of continuous and discrete phase shifts.Simulation results validate the derived results,and present that the sum ACRs in the active RIS system are higher than the passive counterparts with the same power consumption,which indicates the superiority of the active RIS in overcoming the "multiplicative fading" effect.
Direct identification of total and missing OH reactivities from light-duty gasoline vehicle exhaust in China based on LP-LIF measurement

Considerable efforts have been devoted to characterising the chemical components of vehicle exhaust.However,these components may not accurately reflect the contribution of vehicle exhaust to atmospheric reactivity because of the presence of species not accounted for ("missing species") given the limitations of analytical instruments.In this study,we improved the laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) technique and applied it to directly measure the total OH reactivity (TOR) in exhaust gas from light-duty gasoline vehicles in China.The TOR for China I to VI-a vehicles was 15.6,16.3,8.4,2.6,1.5,and 1.6 × 10~4 sec~(-1),respectively,reflecting a notable drop as emission standards were upgraded.The TOR was comparable between cold and warm starts.The missing OH reactivity (MOR) values for China I to IV vehicles were close to zero with a cold start but were much higher with a warm start.The variations in oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) under different emission standards and for the two start conditions were similar to those of the MOR,indicating that OVOCs and the missing species may have similar production processes.Online measurement revealed that the duration of the stable driving stage was the primary factor leading to the production of OVOCs and missing species.Our findings underscore the importance of direct measurement of TOR from vehicle exhaust and highlight the necessity of adding OVOCs and other organic reactive gases in future upgrades of emission standards,such that the vehicular contribution to atmospheric reactivity can be more effectively controlled.
Effectiveness and safety of Angong Niuhuang pill (安宫牛黄丸) in treatment of acute stroke: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Angong Niuhuang pill (安宫牛黄丸, ANP) in the treatment of acute stroke. This can provide ideas and basis for the treatment of this disease with integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment to March 2022. Two researchers screened the literature and extracted the data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 28 RCTs were included, including 2745 patients in the acute stage of stroke (1375 in the experimental group and 1370 in the control group). Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatment, combined treatment with ANP could improve the effective rate of acute stroke patients [relative risk (RR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.21, 1.31)], Glasgow Coma Scale scores [mean difference (MD) = 2.01, 95% CI (1.04, 2.98)], Mini-mental State Examination scores [MD = 4.79, 95% CI (2.22, 7.37)], Activities of Daily Living scores [MD = 15.70, 95% CI (14.05, 17.36)] and the Barthel index scores [MD = 13.89, 95% CI (12.12, 15.65)], reduce National Institute of Health stroke scale scores [MD = -3.90, 95% CI (-4.96, -2.84)] and serum brain natriuretic peptide [MD = -38.50, 95% CI (-46.85, -30.15)]. In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions showed no statistical differences between the two groups [RR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.43, 1.15), P = 0.16], and no serious adverse reactions/events were observed, indicating a good safety. CONCLUSIONS: Existing clinical research evidence shows that ANP has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute stroke, which can provide a basis for the treatment of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. However, the quality of included research methodology needs to be improved, and the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
Development of RF windows for 650 MHz multibeam klystron

Radio frequency windows are developed and evaluated for a 650 MHz continuous-wave multibeam klystron. Thin-pillbox windows with alumina and beryllia disks are designed with an average RF power of CW 400 kW. Results of a cold test and tuning procedures are described. The final measured S11 curves under the required bandwidth are less than-32.0 and-26.9 dB for alumina and beryllia windows, respectively. The windows are tested up to CW 143 kW for traveling waves and CW 110 kW for standing waves using a solid-state amplifier as an RF power source. Multipactor simulations for windows and benchmark studies for the thermal analysis of ceramic disks are introduced.
Collaborative Caching in Vehicular Edge Network Assisted by Cell-Free Massive MIMO

The 6G mobile communications demand lower content delivery latency and higher quality of service for vehicular edge network. With the popularity of content-centric networks, mobile users are paying more and more attention to the delay and reliability of fetching cached content. For reducing communication costs,increasing network capacity and improving the content delivery, we propose a collaborative caching scheme based on deep reinforcement learning for vehicular edge network assisted by cell-free massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) system, in which the macro base station is considered as the central processor unit, and the roadside units are treated as roadside access points (RSAPs). The proposed scheme can effectively cache contents in edge nodes, i.e., RSAPs and vehicles with caching capability. We jointly consider the mobility of vehicles and the content request preferences of users, then we use deep Q-networks algorithm to optimize the caching decisions. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the content delivery average latency and increase the content cache hit ratio.
Long-term improvements in water conservation functions at Qilian Mountain National Park,northwest China

Water conservation is one of the most important ecosystem functions.This study uses the InVEST model to examine the water conservation function of the Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP),an important water supply area in northwest China.We analyzed the spatiotemporal water conservation patterns of QMNP from 1988 to 2019.It showed that the water conservation capacity in QMNP has increased over the past 32 years,reaching a peak of 6.495×10~8 m~3 in 2019.The area with an increased water conservation capacity is 12 times larger than the area with a reduced capacity.We also examined how climatic,land-use,vegetation coverage,and topographical factors influence water conservation functions.We found that precipitation is the main climatic factor in water conservation.The water conservation function also varies with landcover type,with forests having the highest capacity,followed by grasslands.Lastly,topographical factors,including altitude and slope,also shape the spatial patterns of water conservation functions in QMNP.