mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A simple approach for the estimation of CO_2 penetration depth into a caprock layer

Caprock is a water-saturated formation with a sufficient entry capillary pressure to prevent the upward migration of a buoyant fluid. When the entry capillary pressure of caprock is smaller than the pressure exerted by the buoyant CO_2 plume, CO_2 gradually penetrates into the caprock. The CO_2 penetration depth into a caprock layer can be used to measure the caprock sealing efficiency and becomes the key issue to the assessment of caprock sealing efficiency. On the other hand, our numerical simulations on a caprock layer have revealed that a square root law for time and pore pressure exists for the CO_2 penetration into the caprock layer. Based on this finding, this study proposes a simple approach to estimate the CO_2 penetration depth into a caprock layer. This simple approach is initially developed to consider the speed of CO_2 invading front. It explicitly expresses the penetration depth with pressuring time, pressure difference and pressure magnitude. This simple approach is then used to fit three sets of experimental data and good fittings are observed regardless of pressures, strengths of porous media, and pore fluids (water, hydrochloric acid, and carbonic acid). Finally, theoretical analyses are conducted to explore those factors affecting CO_2 penetration depth. The effects of capillary pressure, gas sorption induced swelling, and fluid property are then included in this simple approach. These results show that this simple approach can predict the penetration depth into a caprock layer with sufficient accuracy, even if complicated interactions in penetration process are not explicitly expressed in this simple formula.
TNP-ATP is Beneficial for Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxia-Induced Hypomyelination and Cognitive Decline

Our previous study together with other investigations have reported that neonatal hypoxia or ischemia induces long-term cognitive impairment, at least in part through brain inflammation and hypomyelination. However, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia by subjecting postnatal day 0 (P0) rat pups to systemic hypoxia (3.5 h). We found that neonatal hypoxia increased the glutamate content and initiated inflammatory responses at 4 h and 1 day after hypoxia, caused hypomyelination in the corpus callosum, and impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory when assessed 30–60 days after hypoxia. Interestingly, much of the hypoxia-induced brain damage was ameliorated by treatment with the ATP analogue 2′,3′-0-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 50-triphosphate (TNP-ATP; blocks all ionotropic P2X1-7 receptors), whereas treatment with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid (PPADS; inhibits P2X1-3 and P2X5-7 receptors) was less neuroprotective. Our data indicated that activation of ionotropic ATP receptors might be partially, if not fully, involved in glutamate deregulation, neuroinflammation, hypomyelination, and cognitive dysfunction after neonatal hypoxia.
Two Faces of One Seed: Hormonal Regulation of Dormancy and Germination

Seed plants have evolved to maintain the dormancy of freshly matured seeds until the appropriate time for germination. Seed dormancy and germination are distinct physiological processes, and the transition from dormancy to germination is not only a critical developmental step in the life cycle of plants but is also important for agricultural production. These processes are precisely regulated by diverse endogenous hormones and environmental cues. Although ABA (abscisic acid) and GAs (gibberellins) are known to be the primary phytohormones that antagonistically regulate seed dormancy, recent findings demonstrate that another phytohormone, auxin, is also critical for inducing and maintaining seed dormancy, and therefore might act as a key protector of seed dormancy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks involving the critical roles of phytohormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination, in which AP2-domain-containing transcription factors play key roles. We also discuss the interactions (crosstalk) of diverse hormonal signals in seed dormancy and germination, focusing on the ABA/GA balance that constitutes the central node.
Emodin ameliorates cisplatin-induced apoptosis of rat renal tubular cells in vitro by activating autophagy

Aim: A previous report shows that emodin extracted from the Chinese herbs rhubarb and giant knotweed rhizome can ameliorate the anticancer drug cisplatin-induced injury of HEK293 cells. In this study, we investigated whether and how emodin could protect renal tubular epithelial cells against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Methods: The viability and apoptosis of normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were detected using formazan assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, autophagy maker LC3 I/II, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were measured with Western blot analysis. The changes of morphology and RFP-LC3 fluorescence were observed under microscopy. Results: Cisplatin (10-50 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced cell damage and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells, whereas emodin (10 and 100 μmol/L) significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced cell damage, apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage. Emodin dose-dependently increased LC3-II levels and induced RFP-LC3-containing punctate structures in NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of emodin were abolished by bafilomycin A1 (10 nmol/L), and mimicked by rapamycin (100 nmol/L). Moreover, emodin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. The AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 μmol/L) not only abolished emodin-induced autophagy activation, but also emodin-induced anti-apoptotic effects. Conclusion: Emodin ameliorates cisplatin-induced apoptosis of rat renal tubular cells in vitro through modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways and activating autophagy. Emodin may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
The roles of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis

Although various types of drugs and therapies are available to treat atherosclerosis, it remains a major cause of mortality throughout the world. Macrophages are the major source of foam cells, which are hallmarks of atherosclerotic lesions. Consequently, the roles of macrophages in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis are increasingly investigated. Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway. Since its discovery, autophagy has been found to be associated with a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune system disorders. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and in promoting efferocytosis and cholesterol efflux. These facts suggest the induction of autophagy may be exploited as a potential strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review we mainly discuss the relationship between macrophage autophagy and atherosclerosis and the molecular mechanisms, as well as the recent advances in targeting the process of autophagy to treat atherosclerosis.
老年白血病院内感染临床分析及防治

目的探讨老年急性白血病(AL)患者院内感染特点及防治措施。方法收集86例老年AL患者临床资料,对其医院感染发生率、感染部位、致病菌和易感因素等进行回顾性分析,总结其院内感染特点。结果86例中65例(75.6%)发生院内感染,最易发生院内感染的部位是呼吸系统50.8%(33/65),主要病原菌为G-杆菌。老年AL院内感染跟发病年龄、住院天数、外周血中性粒细胞计数(ANC)、骨髓增生程度、血红蛋白及血小板值、化疗缓解情况、粒系集落刺激因子(G-CSF)及抗生素使用情况、既往慢性病史有关。结论老年AL患者院内感染发生率高,对老年AL患者应制定个性化化疗方案,适当降低化疗药物剂量,加强保护性消毒隔离工作,严格把握使用抗生素的指征,联用G-CSF,适当缩短住院时间,加强输血对症支持治疗,可减少老年AL患者院内感染的发生率,降低其死亡率。
锌与阿尔茨海默病研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是老年人中常见的以慢性大脑退行性变性为主要特征的疾病。AD占所有痴呆的60%~80%,其临床表现为记忆力缓慢下降、言语和认知功能障碍及伴或不伴轻度的神经系统体征。AD的主要病理特征为大脑皮层和海马区大量的淀粉样老年斑块沉积、神经纤维缠结及脑组织中神经元和突触丢失,其病因考虑为β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、tau蛋白和神经元缺失。研究表明锌在AD的病理生理中起着非常重要的作用。本文就锌和AD关系的研究进展予以综述。
中国老年抑郁症患者心理护理干预效果的Meta分析

目的综合评价中国老年抑郁症患者心理护理干预的效果。方法通过检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊网(CNKI)、中文科教期刊数据库(VIP)、济南泉方(PUBMED)等数据库获得关于中国老年抑郁症患者心理护理干预的病例对照研究文献。采用Stata11.0统计软件进行文献异质性检验,比较各个研究干预组和对照组在汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、老年人抑郁量表(GDS)中评分的差异,并计算合并效应标准均数差(SMD)和95%可信区间(CI)。结果经筛选19篇文献符合纳入标准,共纳入研究对象1 446例,分析得HAMD和GDS的合并效应量及95%CI分别为-0.95 (-1.17,-0.73)、-0.98(-1.17,-0.80)。结论在中国对老年抑郁症患者进行心理护理干预能收到良好效果,对促进康复起到不可忽视的作用。
卡马西平对老年癫痫患者认知功能及情绪的影响

目的探讨卡马西平对高龄癫痫患者认知功能及情绪的影响。方法选取2012年1月至2014年12月在该院就诊的老年癫痫患者74例,随机分为观察组和对照组各37例。对照组给予丙戊酸钠治疗。观察组给予卡马西平治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后认知功能、焦虑、抑郁情绪、癫痫发作及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3、5、7、9 w,观察组认知功能评分高于对照组(P<0.01或<0.05),焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、癫痫发作情况低于对照组(P<0.01或<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论卡马西平用于老年癫痫患者能够有效促进患者认知功能恢复,改善患者焦虑、抑郁情绪程度,控制癫痫发作次数,且不增加患者不良反应发生率,有助于患者的康复。
卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的疗效及对肾功能的影响

目的探讨卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)蛋白尿的临床疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法选择2014年1月至2015年1月该院收治的DN患者78例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。均给予常规降糖治疗,对照组患者给予卡托普利,观察组在对照组基础上加用坎地沙坦,治疗12 w后观察两组患者临床疗效以及空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h尿蛋白的变化情况。结果治疗12 w后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐和24 h尿蛋白值均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗DN蛋白尿患者可协同改善患者临床症状和肾功能状况,具有较好的临床疗效,值得推广应用。
Structure and mechanical properties of nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite films deposited by filtered cathodic arc technique

nc-TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite films were prepared by filtered cathodic arc technique. The influence of C_2H_2/Ar flow ratio on the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of films was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and ball-on-disc tribometry. The films show a nanocomposite structure in which TiC crystallites are embedded in the amorphous matrix of a-C:H phase. C content in films increases with the flow ratio of C_2H_2/Ar, simultaneously, the crystallite size of TiC decreases. Contrary to the nc-TiC/a-C:H films deposited by magnetron sputtering in which the sp3 C content increases with C_2H_2 flow rate, the increase of C_2H_2 flow rate leads to the increase of sp2 C content in films deposited by filtered cathodic arc technique. The nc-TiC/a-C:H films deposited by cathodic arc technique have a pronounced hardness maximum of 30 GPa under the C_2H_2/Ar flow ratio of 12. Tribological performance of films is controlled by the sp2 content in films. Higher sp2 content promotes the formation of graphite-like transfer layer during sliding, and results in lower wear rate and friction coefficient.
Turning machining induced microstructural stability of a high Nb-containing TiAl alloy during high temperature exposure

Turning machining induced microstructural instability was investigated in a fully lamellar Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–(W, B, Y) alloy during high temperature exposure. After turning machining followed by thermal exposure at 900 or 1000 °C for 100, 300 and 500 h, a depth-dependent gradient microstructure with random orientations was produced in the region close to the machining surface. Two typical layers, a fine-grained (FG) layer with equiaxed grains and a coarse-grained (CG) layer with elongated grains, are formed in this region in transversal direction. The thickness of the two layers is up to 120 lm after thermal exposure at 1000 °C for 500 h, which is less than the depth of the hardened region (200 lm) after turning machining. Most of the new grains in FG and CG layers are constituted of c single phase, while short a2 segments and few B2 particles are precipitated at the c/c interface or inside the c grains. Recrystallization and phase boundary bulging are found to be the major mechanisms responsible for lamellar degradation in FG layer and CG layer, respectively. The residual deformation energy stored is considered to be the main driving force of this process.
Solidification microstructure characteristics of Ti–44Al–4Nb–2Cr–0.1B alloy under various cooling rates during mushy zone

Beta-solidifying TiAl alloy has great potential in the field of aero-industry as a cast alloy. In the present work, the influence of cooling rate during mushy zone on solidification behavior of Ti–44Al–4Nb–2Cr–0.1B alloy was investigated. A vacuum induction heating device combining with temperature control system was used. The Ti–44Al–4Nb–2Cr–0.1B alloy solidified from superheated was melted to β phase with the cooling rates of 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 700 K·min~(-1), respectively. Results show that with the increase in cooling rate from 10 to 700 K·min~(-1), the colony size of α_2/γ lamella decreases from 1513 to 48 lm and the solidification segregation significantly decreases. Also the content of residual B2 phase within α_2/γ lamellar colony decreases with the increase in cooling rate. In addition, the alloy in local interdendritic regions would solidify in a hypo-peritectic way, which can be attributed to the solute redistribution and enrichment of Al element in solidification.
Causes of the Abnormal Seepage Field in a Dam with Asphaltic Concrete Core

Asphaltic concrete core (ACC) dams are widely built in China. Many ACC dams perform well, but others have experienced significant leakage including the case in western China studied herein. A numerical model of saturated-unsaturated water flow was adapted to simulate the seepage through the dam. By comparing the normal and abnormal seepage fields under different conditions, the main causes for the actual abnormal seepage field were identified and attributed to a defect in the ACC and an unintended, low permeability layer (LPL) in the transition zone (TZ) and the downstream dam shell. These conclusions are consistent with the situation and performance of the dam. Inadequate ACC construction processes might have caused defects in the ACC. An abrupt change of the ACC thickness probably induced stress concentrations and caused the ACC to fail. Material sources for the TZ and dam shell were complex and varied from specifications, and soil gradation for the TZ was inadequately controlled. In particular, tests show that the permeability varies over large ranges in these two parts of the dam. An unexpected LPL probably exists in both areas, and extends continuously.
Statistics of Evolving Populations and Their Relevance to Flood Risk

Statistical methods are commonly used to evaluate natural populations and environmental variables, yet these must recognize temporal trends in population character to be appropriate in an evolving world. New equations presented here define the statistical measures of aggregate historical populations affected by linear changes in population means and standard deviations. These can be used to extract the statistical character of present-day populations, needed to define modern variability and risk, from tables of historical data that are dominated by measurements made when conditions were different. As an example, many factors such as climate change and in-channel structures are causing flood levels to rise, so realistic estimation of future flood levels must take such secular changes into account. The new equations provide estimates of water levels for “100-year” floods in the USA Midwest that are 0.5 to 2 m higher than official calculations that routinely assume population stationarity. These equations also show that flood levels will continue to rise by several centimeters per year. This rate is nearly ten times faster than the rise of sea level, and thus represents one of the fastest and most damaging rates of change that is documented by robust data.
Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: IV. Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria)

In the present study, we report the six type specimens and two paratypes of eight lizard species in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology (CIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Each entry provides the information of the original description, the catalog number of the holotype, sex, type locality, and information of allotype and paratype (if any), number and distribution of deposited specimens, and comments. Additionally, two invalid species and one invalid subspecies are discussed.
Hybrid aqueous capacitors with improved energy/power performance

This work reports on a high-voltage, hybrid capacitor involving two separate redox reactions. Aqueous solutions of Mg(NO_3)_2 and KI have been used for negative and positive electrode, respectively. Adjusting pH=2 for electrode (+) with KI solution and modifying Mg(NO_3)_2 solution to pH=9 for negative side play a crucial role for a stable long-term operation of capacitor at enhanced voltage. A benefit from such a construction is a pseudocapacitive contribution from hydrogen sorption reaction on the negative electrode and high iodine/iodide activity on the positive electrode, enhancing the energy with no remarkable impact on the power profile. Proposed solution allows a high voltage (1.8 V) to be reached and thereby high power and energy performance (~20 W h/kg at 1 kW/kg) to be obtained. High long-term stability has been confirmed by floating and galvanostatic tests.
Preparation of 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications in supercapacitors

Three dimensional (3D) graphene-based architectures such as 3D graphene-based hydrogels, aerogels, foams, and sponges have attracted huge attention owing to the combination of the structural interconnectivities and the outstanding properties of graphene which offer these interesting structures with low density, high porosity, large surface area, stable mechanical properties, fast mass and electron transport. They have been extensively studied for a wide range of applications including capacitors, batteries, sensors, catalyst, etc. There are several reviews focusing on the 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications. In this work, we only summarise the latest development on the preparation of 3D graphene-based architectures and their applications in supercapacitors, with emphasis on the preparation strategies.
Preliminary Study on Characteristics of Source Parameters of Earthquakes in the Nuozhadu Reservoir Area,Yunnan Province1

We computed source parameters for 143 earthquakes with ML ≥1.0 occurring from January,2011 to March,2014 using waveform data recorded by the Nuozhadu and Jinghong Reservoir Seismic Networks. Then,the variation of seismic activity and the characteristics of source parameters before and after the impoundment of the reservoir were investigated. The results show that: (1) the seismic activity increased obviously after the impoundment,especially during the 3-4 months after impoundment; (2) the focal depths of the earthquakes occurring in the reservoir area are shallower than the earthquakes occurring outside the reservoir area in the initial stage of impoundment,but after a time,the difference was gradually reduced; (3) corner frequency varies with the seismic moment and the log-linear relationship is more obvious after impounding; (4) stress drop and apparent stress increase with increasing seismic moment,moreover they are lower for the earthquakes occurring in the reservoir area after impounding than those occurring outside the reservoir area or before impounding with the same seismic moment; (5) the effect of reservoir impoundment on an earthquake can reach a depth of 10km, and the maximum effect is seen at a depth of 3km-6km,and the differences of seismic activity and average apparent stress between the inside and outside of the reservoir are significant.
2型糖尿病促血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移机制的研究进展

糖尿病目前被定义为冠状动脉性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)的等危症,可使心、脑和周围血管疾病的发病风险增加4倍,缺血性冠状动脉疾病所致死亡占糖尿病相关死亡的75%。糖尿病患者在组织病理学方面可表现为动脉内膜明显增厚,与之相对应,在临床上表现为糖尿病患者的冠心病发病率和冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄率均升高。在美国,每年接受冠状动脉支架植入术的患者中约1/3为糖尿病患者,这些患者中不少人会因支架内再狭窄而需再次行支架植入。此外,在糖尿病控制和并发症试验(DCCT)临床研究中,1 229例(85%)1型糖尿病患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度较对照组增厚,2型糖尿病患者亦有同样的表现。由于糖尿病心血管并发症的发生与血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的过度增殖密切相关,故以下将对糖尿病与VSMC增殖间的相关性作一综述。
A Q-band CMOS LNA exploiting transformer feedback and noise-cancelling

In this paper, a Q-band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) exploiting transformer positive-negative feedback and noise cancelling is presented. The proposed low noise amplifier consists of a positive transformer feedback to achieve noise-reduction and a negative transformer feedback to obtain high reverse isolation and stability. The noise cancellation technique is applied in this LNA to achieve a low noise figure. This LNA has been fabricated by standard commercial 90 nm CMOS. According to measurements, this proposed LNA achieves a peak gain of 11.5 dB, a noise figure of 6.5 dB and an input P1dB of –12 dBm. It consumes 11.5 mA from a 1.2 V supply occupying the area of 0.6×0.7 mm~2.
Generalized pseudopolar format algorithm for radar imaging with highly suboptimal aperture length

Different from conventional spaceborne or airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with optimal aperture length, an imaging radar with highly suboptimal aperture length acquires the data in short bursts by a geometry spreading over a large range. A polarlike or pseudopolar format grid is introduced to sample data close to the resolution, which presents the design of a separable kernel for efficient FFT implementation. The proposed imaging algorithm formulates the reflectivity image of the target scene as an interpolation-free double image series expansion with two usual approximation-induced phase error terms being taken into account, whereby more generalized application scenarios with high frequency, large bandwidth or larger aperture length for imaging a target scene located within either the far-field or the near-field of the radar aperture are processable with high accuracy. In addition, convergence acceleration methods in computational mathematics are introduced to accelerate the convergence of the image series expansion, so as to make the algorithm more efficient. The proposed algorithm has been validated both qualitatively and quantitatively with an extensive collection of numerical simulations and field measurements of ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) data set.
miR-133b与肿瘤的关系及其作用机制

microRNA(miRNA)是一类长度为20~24个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,它们可在转录后水平调节基因的表达。miRNA是许多细胞功能调控的关键因素,包括细胞的生长、增殖、分化及凋亡等。近来许多研究发现miR-133b与肿瘤的侵袭与转移密切相关,它可以通过抑制EGFR、fas、FSCN1及c-MET等多种基因的表达而发挥其抗肿瘤作用。本文主要对miR-133b在不同肿瘤中的异常表达及其可能的作用及其作用机制进行综述。
The Morphology and Reciprocation Movement of Honeybee's Hairy Tongue for Nectar Uptake

A honeybee uses its brush-like tongue (glossa) to dip nectar and the setae densely distributed on it can increase the amount of trapped nectar observably. The glossa is often simplified as a cylinder covered by uniformly distributed and vertically erected setae during the drinking process, herein variations of the dimensions together with the erection angles of glossal setae are assumed to be negligible. In this paper, a dynamic model for the glossa retraction phase under the specific erection pattern of glossal setae is established, and the energy saving mechanism is extensively studied by comparing four types of erection patterns. Then the theoretically-optimal configuration, which satisfies the minimum energy consumption, is achieved from the dynamic model. Using the scanning electron microscope and a specially-designed high-speed camera system, we measure the dimensions of the glossal satae and capture dynamics of the hairy glossa in nectar feeding. It is proven that the erection angle of the glossal setae varies along the tongue axis, which shows a high concordance with our theoretically-optimal configuration. Compared with the hypothetical uniform distribution mode of glossal setae proposed by former researchers, we obtain a 16% increase in energy saving from actual erection pattern.
pTla期肾细胞癌及癌旁组织Livin和Smac的表达及临床意义

位于肾脏两极直径≤4 cm的pT1a期肿瘤,常采用保留肾单位手术(NSS),确定适当的安全切除范围,使保留肾单位手术既可保留足够多的肾单位及肾功能,又避免肿瘤残留复发非常重要。Smac可直接与凋亡抑制蛋白结合,使其丧失活性。 Livin是具有抑制细胞凋亡和调节细胞分裂的双功能蛋白因子,两者在肿瘤的发生、发展中起着重要作用。我们应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测肾细胞癌中心灶组织(A组)、癌旁0.0~0.5 cm(B组)、癌旁>1.0cm(C组)及最远端正常肾组织(D组)中Livin和Smac表达水平,进一步探讨NSS的安全区间。