mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Large-scale phase retrieval

The coherent interaction between an electromagnetic field and a 3D weakly scattering medium results in a simple Fourier transform relationship between the object's structure and the complex scattered field.As a result, knowledge about the phase of the scattered field is necessary for solving this inverse problem with a unique solution.However, in applications, such as X-ray crystallography, typically one only has experimental access to the amplitude of the diffracted field, which results in ambiguities of the reconstruction.This century-old challenge, known as "the phase problem"2 motivated the development of computational algorithms combined with a priori knowledge about the object of interest to limit the solution space.While generally successful, this approach sometimes led to multiple solutions,i.e., different inferred object structures for the same set of data: "Not all the guesses have been successful.This is clear, for example, from the following: Two different structures were predicted for the mineral bixbyite, one by L.Pauling, the other by W.H.Zachariasen.It is not known which, if either, is correct."(Chapter 7 in ref.).
Automated classification technique for edge-on galaxies based on mathematical treatment of brightness data

Classification of edge-on galaxies is important to astronomical studies due to our Milky Way galaxy being an edge-on galaxy.Edge-on galaxies pose a problem to classification due to their less overall brightness levels and smaller numbers of pixels.In the current work, a novel technique for the classification of edge-on galaxies has been developed.This technique is based on the mathematical treatment of galaxy brightness data from their images.A special treatment for galaxies'brightness data is developed to enhance faint galaxies and eliminate adverse effects of high brightness backgrounds as well as adverse effects of background bright stars.A novel slimness weighting factor is developed to classify edge-on galaxies based on their slimness.The technique has the capacity to be optimized for different catalogs with different brightness levels.In the current work, the developed technique is optimized for the EFIGI catalog and is trained using a set of 1800 galaxies from this catalog.Upon classification of the full set of 4458 galaxies from the EFIGI catalog, an accuracy of 97.5% has been achieved, with an average processing time of about 0.26 seconds per galaxy on an average laptop.
Revisiting the formation mechanism for coronal rain from previous studies

Solar coronal rain is classified generally into two categories: flare-driven and quiescent coronal rain.The latter is observed to form along both closed and open magnetic field structures.Recently, we proposed that some of the quiescent coronal rain events, detected in the transition region and chromospheric diagnostics, along loop-like paths could be explained by the formation mechanism for quiescent coronal rain facilitated by interchange magnetic reconnection between open and closed field lines.In this study,we revisited 38 coronal rain reports from the literature.From these earlier works, we picked 15 quiescent coronal rain events out of the solar limb, mostly suggested to occur in active region closed loops due to thermal nonequilibrium, to scrutinize their formationmechanism.Employing the extreme ultraviolet images and line-of-sightmagnetograms, the evolution of the quiescent coronal rain events and their magnetic fields and context coronal structures is examined.We find that six, comprising 40%, of the 15 quiescent coronal rain events could be totally or partially interpreted by the formation mechanism for quiescent coronal rain along open structures facilitated by interchange reconnection.The results suggest that the quiescent coronal rain facilitated by interchange reconnection between open and closed field lines deserves more attention.
Investigations and prospects of Fabry-Perot antennas:a review

Fabry-Perot (FP) antennas have characteristics of planar structures combined with high gain,and they have been widely used in wireless communications.With the progress of ongoing research,FP antennas have achieved various capabilities,but many of them are still under development,such as lowprofile,wideband,circular polarization,multi-band,low-radar cross section (RCS) and reconfigurable features.This paper discusses the theoretical analysis methods and research progress of FP antennas,and explains the realization methods of different features of FP antennas.In order to indicate different technologies for realizing various capabilities,the key technologies and features of some of the latest designs are described.Finally,the research situation and prospects of FP antennas are summarized to guide their research directions in the future.
Obesity rather than Metabolic Syndrome is a Risk Factor for Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity

In recent years, the incidences of thyroid diseases have gradually increased, and they may be associated with the development of diagnostic technologies, elevated public health awareness, nuclear radiation, environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, work stress, excessive iodine intake, and other factors. Because obesity can cause changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and deiodinase[1], obesity may be closely related to the high rate of thyroid diseases. The relationship between obesity and hypothyroidism has been widely confirmed, but the relationship between obesity and subclinical thyroid diseases still remains unclear. Obesity may also have an influence on thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) because obesity can increase the level of adipokines such as leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are crucial to maintain immune balance[2]. As one of the major diseases caused by obesity, Metabolic syndrome (MS) may be also related to the occurrence of thyroid diseases and their association has achieved widespread attention. Although several studies have explored the relationship among obesity, MS and thyroid diseases, all of them are incomplete and systematic studies are needed to clarify such associations.
Experimental Study on Wave Propagation in One-Dimensional Viscoelastic Metamaterial

A locally resonant viscoelastic mass-spring cell is experimentally realized by a unit cell design fabricated by 3D printing.The standard linear solid model is introduced for the viscoelastic metamaterial.The complex band structures of both viscoelastic unit cell and elastic cases are presented to show the effect of viscoelasticity.Both the harmonic excitation and stochastic excitation are conducted on the finite viscoelastic metamaterial in experiments.Distinct wave attenuation is found in bandgap via sweep frequency response analysis under harmonic excitation.The experiments of the metamaterial under narrow-band noise excitation demonstrate good performance of wave attenuation in bandgap.Finally,the obtained bandgaps via numerical calculation are well consistent with the frequency ranges of wave attenuation from experiments,which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed viscoelastic model.
A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATES FOR A MODIFIED WEAK GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION OF SECOND ORDER ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH DG NORM

In this paper, we derive a residual based a posteriori error estimator for a modified weak Galerkin formulation of second order elliptic problems.We prove that the error estimator used for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods still gives both upper and lower bounds for the modified weak Galerkin method, though they have essentially different bilinear forms.More precisely, we prove its reliability and efficiency for the actual error measured in the standard DG norm.We further provide an improved a priori error estimate under minimal regularity assumptions on the exact solution.Numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Rescue of male infertility through correcting a genetic mutation causing meiotic arrest in spermatogonial stem cells

Azoospermia patients who carry a monogenetic mutation that causes meiotic arrest may have their biological child through genetic correction in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).However,such therapy for infertility has not been experimentally investigated yet.In this study,a mouse model with an X-linked testis-expressed 11 (TEX11) mutation (Tex11~(PM/Y)) identified in azoospermia patients exhibited meiotic arrest due to aberrant chromosome segregation.Tex11~(PM/Y) SSCs could be isolated and expanded in vitro normally,and the mutation was corrected by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9),leading to the generation of repaired SSC lines.Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that the mutation rate in repaired SSCs is comparable with that of autonomous mutation in untreated Tex11~(PM/Y) SSCs,and no predicted off-target sites are modified.Repaired SSCs could restore spermatogenesis in infertile males and give rise to fertile offspring at a high efficiency.In summary,our study establishes a paradigm for the treatment of male azoospermia by combining in vitro expansion of SSCs and gene therapy.
Gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut (Juglans regia) trees in the Qinling Mountains revealed by microsatellite markers

Patterns of gene flow and gene introgression can be used to assess the risk of genetic pollution of wild forest trees from widespread cultivated trees. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic relationships and levels of gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut (Juglans regia) has become an urgent issue. Using twelve microsatellite markers, we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow between cultivated and wild trees of J. regia in the Qinling Mountains, China. A high level of genetic variation was detected in both cultivated and wild trees. The mean number of alleles per locus was 17.5. Observed heterozygosity (H O) and expected heterozygosity (H E) were 0.777 and 0.800, respectively. Pollination of mother trees was not by nearest neighbors, and a paternity of 60.7% of off spring evaluated could not be assigned to a local, sampled tree. Pollen flow from cultivated trees to wild trees was infrequent (5.4%), and selfing rates ranged from zero to 25.0%. Male parents were located from 0 to 1005 m from their female partners, with an average pollination distance of 285.1 m. These results are discussed in light of the cultivated species' diversity, outlining the frequent spontaneous genetic contributions from the wild to the cultivated compartment. In addition, the pollen flow parameters provide useful information about the dynamics of pollen movement within J. regia populations.
Prediction model of moisture content of dead fine fuel in forest plantations on Maoer Mountain, Northeast China

Preventing and suppressing forest fires is one of the main tasks of forestry agencies to reduce resource loss and requires a thorough understanding of the importance of factors affecting their occurrence. This study was carried out in forest plantations on Maoer Mountain in order to develop models for predicting the moisture content of dead fine fuel using meteorological and soil variables. Models by Nelson (Can J For Res 14:597-600, 1984) and Van Wagner and Pickett (Can For Service 33, 1985) describing the equilibrium moisture content as a function of relative humidity and temperature were evaluated. A random forest and generalized additive models were built to select the most important meteorological variables affecting fuel moisture content. Nelson's (Can J For Res 14:597-600, 1984) model was accurate for Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris, Larix gmelinii and mixed Larix gmelinii - Ulmus propinqua fuels. The random forest model showed that temperature and relative humidity were the most important factors affecting fuel moisture content. The generalized additive regression model showed that temperature, relative humidity and rain were the main drivers affecting fuel moisture content. In addition to the combined effects of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, solar radiation or wind speed were also significant on some sites. In P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris plantations, where soil parameters were measured, rain, soil moisture and temperature were the main factors of fuel moisture content. The accuracies of the random forest model and generalized additive model were similar, however, the random forest model was more accurate but underestimated the effect of rain on fuel moisture.
Introducing tree neighbouring relationship factors in forest pattern spatial analysis: weighted Delaunay triangulation method

It is important to quantify and analyze forest spatial patterns for studying biological characteristics, population interaction and the relationship between the population and environment. In this study, the forest spatial structure unit was generated based on the Delaunay triangulation model (DTM), and the weights were generated using the comprehensive values of the tree diameter at breast height, total height and crown width. The distance between neighbors determined by the DTM was weighted to transform the original coordinates of trees into logical coordinates. Then, a weighted spatial pattern (WSP) was developed. After weighting, the neighboring trees were replaced, the replacement ratio was 38.3%, and there was 57.4% of the central tree. Correlation analysis showed that the uniform angle index of the WSP was significantly correlated with the tree size standard deviation under uniformity (r = 0.932) and randomness (r = 0.711). The DTM method not only considers the spatial distance between trees, but also considers the non-spatial attributes of trees. By changing the spatial topological relation between trees, this method further improves the spatial structure measurement of forest.
Shade and sapling size influence restoration of Araucaria angustifolia

Toward improving reforestation of Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia), two contrasting sapling sizes in either full sun or in the shade of a mixed plantation and the effect of opening the canopy were evaluated for survival, growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and leaf anatomy 18 months after being planted. At 23 months after planting, a partial opening was made in the canopy in the mixed plantation, then the saplings were evaluated again after 2 months for the same morphophysiological traits. After 18 months, saplings planted in the full sun had higher survival, growth, pigments, and photosynthesis compared to the shaded saplings. Large saplings had higher survival and growth compared to the small ones. Shaded leaves were thinner and little differentiation of palisade parenchyma and hypodermis. After opening of the canopy, photosynthetically active radiation was 10 times higher, and the saplings quickly grew in height due to increased photosynthesis. Thus, although the species can tolerate shade, growth in the shade is limited. We recommend that for reforestation purposes of Brazilian pine, large saplings should be selected and planted in the open for better development.
莪术醇通过调控巨噬细胞功能治疗小鼠子宫内膜异位症的机制研究

目的探究莪术醇治疗小鼠子宫内膜异位症的效果和作用机制。方法通过腹腔移植法构建小鼠子宫内膜异位症模型,随机分成模型组和治疗组各6只,正常小鼠作为对照组(6只)。分别灌胃给相应药物,每天1次。每天监测小鼠状态,并测量体重。4周后,观察腹腔粘连情况,异位病灶体积,腹腔灌洗液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1含量。流式细胞术检测CD36、MMP9、CD206、IkB-α、NF-κB、p65的表达水平。结果莪术醇、减轻腹腔粘连情况、减少异位病灶的体积(P <0.001)。莪术醇下调炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的分泌水平(P <0.01),上调CD36和MMP9的表达(P <0.01),减少CD206的表达(P <0.001)。莪术醇导致IkB-α表达量显著升高(P <0.001),p65表达量受到抑制(P <0.01)。结论莪术醇缓解子宫内膜异位症的病程,可能是通过抑制NF-κB的活化来调控巨噬细胞功能。
基于规则的环形穿梭车系统调度算法的应用研究

阐述了环形穿梭车系统的特点,对环形穿梭车系统调度算法的优化目标进行了理论分析,提出了一种适用于环形穿梭车系统的基于规则的调度算法,分析了此调度算法的特点,通过PLC控制系统来实现此调度算法,并应用在实际的工程项目中,取得了良好的效果,对于环形穿梭车系统在工程中的应用具有一定的参考价值。
抗磷脂综合征相关病理妊娠的治疗进展

APS又称休斯综合征,是一种以反复动、静脉血栓形成、习惯性流产、血小板减少以及抗磷脂抗体(APLs)持续中高滴度阳性为主要特征的系统性自身免疫病。该病临床表现复杂,全身各系统均可受累,已严重影响育龄女性的生殖健康,可对患者及其家庭产生严重不良影响,因此对该病进行及时有效的治疗尤为重要。近年来,随着研究进展,对APS相关病理妊娠发病机制的认识不断深入,对该病及其妊娠并发症的治疗不断更新,一些新的药物和新的潜在治疗策略已经被发现,现就近年来APS相关病理妊娠的治疗新进展综述如下。
脊髓脊柱神经外科的快速发展与思考

脊髓脊柱神经外科是神经外科的重要分支,具有自身的学科优势。近年随着影像学及手术技术的提高、治疗理念的改善以及术中神经功能监测技术的进步,脊髓脊柱神经外科呈现快速发展的趋势,手术量和手术质量均大幅度提升,涵盖的疾病种类也越来越广泛。伴随着脊髓脊柱亚专业的快速发展,存在的问题也逐渐凸显。本文着重对脊髓脊柱神经外科的发展及存在的问题进行论述。
稠环电子受体分子设计中的蝴蝶效应

有机太阳能电池具有成本低、半透明、可印刷制备大面积柔性器件等优势,是一种极具发展前景的光伏技术1。2015年,占肖卫课题组创建了以明星分子3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno [2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC) 2为代表的稠环电子受体这一新颖受体体系,突破了有机太阳能电池在受体材料上所受到的瓶颈制约,推动有机光伏器件的能量转换效率迅速提升至18%以上,引领有机光伏领域迈向非富勒烯时代。稠环电子受体的分子设计通常采用“自上而下”的策略,即强调最终目标产物的分子结构而忽略了起始原料与合成过程的影响。然而,起始原料的细微变化往往会对设计的分子结构、材料的固有属性以及器件的光伏性能产生巨大的连锁影响。
以妊娠期肠套叠为主要表现的结肠腺癌

肠套叠指近端一部分肠管及其肠系膜套入邻近的远端肠管内,导致机械性肠梗阻的一种疾病。成人妊娠合并肠套叠极为罕见,且临床表现多样,缺乏特异性,容易被误诊和漏诊。现报告1例以腹痛、腹泻、便血和产后肠梗阻为表现的妊娠期肠套叠患者的临床特点、诊断和治疗情况。
邱式邦院士在中国草蛉类天敌昆虫利用中的学术贡献--纪念邱式邦院士诞辰110周年

本文回顾了邱式邦院士在草蛉类天敌昆虫利用领域的重要工作,包括明确草蛉生物学及越冬规律,优化人工饲料配方,完善大规模扩繁的工艺条件,探索长时间贮存技术等,开启了草蛉类天敌昆虫扩繁和利用的研究先河,对指导草蛉类捕食性天敌昆虫应用做出了重要贡献。结合邱式邦院士在草蛉类天敌领域的研究成果,简要介绍了当前的研究进展,并对未来加强我国天敌昆虫和生物防治工作做了展望。
Gut microbiome colonization and development in neonatal ruminants: Strategies, prospects, and opportunities

Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management interventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors(for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants.
500 µm field-of-view probe-based confocal microendoscope for large-area visualization in the gastrointestinal tract

Rapid large-area tissue imaging at the cellular resolution is important for clinical diagnosis.We present a probe-based confocal microendoscope (pCM) with a field-of-view (FOV) diameter over 500 µm,lateral resolution of 1.95 µm,and outer diameter of 2.6 mm,compatible with the biopsy channel of conventional gastroscopes.Compared to a conventional pCM,our system's FOV increased by a factor of 4 while maintaining the probe size and cellular resolution-comparable to the FOV of Zeiss Axio Observer's 20x/0.8 numerical aperture objective lens.Ex vivo imaging of wide areas in healthy and diseased rat gastrointestinal tract tissues demonstrates the system's practicality.
Versatile metasurface platform for electromagnetic wave tailoring

The emergence of metasurfaces provides a novel strategy to tailor the electromagnetic response of electromagnetic waves in a controlled manner by judicious design of the constitutive meta-atom.However,passive metasurfaces tend to perform a specific or limited number of functionalities and suffer from narrow-frequency-band operation.Reported reconfigurable metasurfaces can generally be controlled only in a 1D configuration or use p-i-n diodes to show binary phase states.Here,a 2D reconfigurable reflective metasurface with individually addressable meta-atoms enabling a continuous phase control is proposed in the microwave regime.The response of the meta-atom is flexibly controlled by changing the bias voltage applied to the embedded varactor diode through an elaborated power supply system.By assigning appropriate phase profiles to the metasurface through voltage modulation,complex beam generation,including Bessel beams,vortex beams,and Airy beams,is fulfilled to demonstrate the accurate phase-control capability of the reconfigurable metasurface.Both simulations and measurements are performed as a proof of concept and show good agreement.The proposed design paves the way toward the achievement of real-time and programmable multifunctional meta-devices,with enormous potential for microwave applications such as wireless communication,electromagnetic imaging,and smart antennas.
Broadband meta-converters for multiple Laguerre-Gaussian modes

Metasurface provides miniaturized devices for integrated optics.Here,we design and realize a meta-converter to transform a plane-wave beam into multiple Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes of different orders at various diflfraction angles.The metasurface is fabricated with Au nano-antennas,which vary in length and orientation angle for modulation of both the phase and the amplitude of a scattered wave,on a silica substrate.Our error analysis suggests that the metasurface design is robust over a 400 nm wavelength range.This work presents the manipulation of LG beams through controlling both radial and azimuthal orders,which paves the way in expanding the communication channels by one more dimension (i.e.,radial order) and demultiplexing different modes.
Tumor-derived exosomes: Nanovesicles made by cancer cells to promote cancer metastasis

Nanomedicine usually refers to nanoparticles that deliver the functional drugs and siRNAs to treat cancer. Recent research has suggested that cancer cells can also make nanoparticles that also deliver functional molecules in promoting cancer metastasis, which is the leading cause of various cancer mortalities. This nanoparticle is called tumor-derived vesicles, or better-known as tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs). TEXs are nanoscale membrane vesicles (30e140 nm) that are released continuously by various types of cancer cells and contain tumor-derived functional biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and genetic molecules. These endogenous TEXs can interact with host immune cells and epithelial cells locally and systemically. More importantly, they can reprogram the recipient cells in favor of promoting metastasis through facilitating tumor cell local invasion, intravasation, immune evasion, extravasation, and survival and growth in distant organs.Growing evidence suggests thatTEXsplay a key role in cancer metastasis. Here, we will review the most recent findings of how cancer cells harness TEXs to promote cancer metastasis through modulating vascular permeability, suppressing systemic immune surveillance, and creating metastatic niches.We will also summarize recent research in targeting TEXs to treat cancer metastasis.
Research progress on layered seismic anisotropy - A review

Seismic anisotropy is an effective feature to study the inner structure of the Earth. In complex tectonic area, the assumption of single-layer anisotropy is sometimes not well consistent with the observed data; thus, the assumption of multi-layered (i.e. stratified) anisotropy should be considered. At present, the main methods to study anisotropy include receiver functions, shear wave splitting from local and teleseismic events (SKS, SKKS, and PKS, hereafter collectively called XKS), P- and Pn wave travel time inversion, surface wave inversion from farfield earthquakes and ambient noise. Each of the above method has its own advantages and limitations. Thus, one or more of the above methods are often combined to characterize multi-layered anisotropy, of which the depth range of anisotropic layers are different. This paper reviews the research progress of multi-layered anisotropy for the purpose of providing a basis for future seismic anisotropy investigations.