mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Preserved Caddisfly Larval Cases (Insecta) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Liupanshan Basin, Western China

Abundant well-preserved tubular fossils of caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) larval cases are reported from the Early Cretaceous Madongshan and Naijiahe formations of the Liupanshan Basin, Ningxia Province, western China. Most cases were mainly preserved in life position and densely packed in various layers. Individual cases in each layer tended to be same in size and were erect and parallel to one another and open at both ends. In a transverse section cut perpendicular to the long axis of the cases, individual case appears to form a rounded ring. Small cases are elliptic in a cross-section oblique to the long axis of the cases. Tube walls are nearly subparallel to one another in longitudinal section with both ends being open. The caudal end of the case slightly tapers and usually points downward. The cases were closely packed, almost touching with one another and lacking bifurcate or connecting structure. The overwhelming majority of cases were partially or fully filled with calcite. The case wall embraces a medium particle layer flanked by inner and outer organic layers. Individual particles are ovate in outline and comprise cryptocrystalline or ganic pellets. SEM imaging shows that those pellets are sub-cylindrical in outline and elliptic in cross section, and are made primarily of calcium carbonate. All features observed justify the assignment of the Liupanshan caddisfly cases to ichnogenus Coprindusia. The extinct insect Ningxiapsyche fangi was found in association with the Liupanshan caddisfly larval cases, and thus could be the candidate of the potential trace-maker.
Spatio-temporal characteristics of rural settlements and land use in the Bohai Rim of China

Based on multiple remote-sensing image interpretation and classification, and economic and social data, this study focused on rural settlement and land use change amidst rapid urbanization. Rural settlements, spatial and temporal patterns of land use and influencing factors in the Bohai Rim were explored within 5×5 km grid cells, as per GIS spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis. Results show that the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the Bohai Rim is remarkably varied. The number of rural settlement sites in a 5×5 km grid cell exceeding 5.0 are distributed in a six-area pattern in the Bohai Rim; rural settlement dispersion is particularly high in agricultural regions in south Hebei and southwest Shandong, suggesting rural settlement density keeps increasing from northeast to southwest, characterized by high density and dispersed spatial distribution in traditional agricultural regions. Furthermore, rural settlements show dramatic spatial differences in terms of distribution and dynamic change degrees in the Bohai Rim. In terms of spatial distribution, rural residential land is always extensive in plains, with a high density of rural settlements, on the North China Plain in particular, and rural residential land in the south of Shandong province is also extensive, with most rural settlement land use areas in the 5×5 km grid cells exceeding 3 km~2. However, traditional agricultural regions have underdeveloped economies, industrialization and tertiary industries, characterized by low urbanization rates, with farmers not feeling assimilated in rural or urban areas. In terms of the temporal sequence, urban expansion rapidly promotes the transformation of rural residential lands in rural-urban transitional belts of provincial capital or prefecture-level city into urban lands, and in traditional rural areas, residential lands are growing. The natural environment, transportation conditions, economic development and farmers’ incomes all have effects on type of land use change and pattern of rural settlements. It is a core objective for future rural development to reconstruct a rational spatial pattern of villages or towns and well-organized village-town systems, build central villages, key towns or central towns, optimize or reconstruct production, living and eco-space of rural areas. It is of significance for rural geographical research to further interpret and explore spatial reconstruction theory.
Disturbance impacts of land use change on biodiversity conservation priority areas across China: 1990–2010

Land use change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In the last 20 years, China’s land use pattern has undergone profound changes. This study constructs an Ecosystem Comprehensive Anthropogenic Disturbance Index (ECADI) to assess disturbance impacts of land use change between 1990 and 2010 on biodiversity conservation priority areas at national and regional scales. Four levels of biodiversity conservation areas were categorized: generally important areas, moderately important areas, important areas, and very important areas. The results indicated a higher ECADI value in 2010 in Central and Eastern China than in Western China, and the values of the moderately important, important and very important regions were lower than the average value of the whole country at all levels. Notably, in recent 20 years, the change extent of ECADI values in Central and Eastern China were much greater compared with that in Western China, and ECADI values in the moderately important, important and very important biodiversity conservation areas all showed increasing trends, with the increasing extent lower than that of whole China at all levels. Due to human activities such as urbanization in Eastern China and cropland reclamation in Northeast China and Xinjiang, ECADI values showed a medium increase trend (the change rate was about 1%–5% in 10 years), which indicated the need for more conservation efforts in those regions. However, ECADI values in the Loess Plateau presented a low decline trend (the change rate was about –1% to –0.1% in 10 years) after 2000 because of the obvious effectiveness of Green for Grain Project. Furthermore, the variation was negligible in the Tibetan Plateau.
Spatial differences and driving forces of land urbanization in China

Land urbanization plays an important supporting and restriction role in the rapid and sustainable development of urbanization in China, and it shows distinctive spatial heterogeneity. Applying urban area as the basic research unit and urban construction land area as the core indicator, this paper establishes the conceptual framework and calculation method for the quantity and rate of land urbanization process. The study evaluates the spatial differentiation pattern of absolute and relative process of land urbanization in 658 cities in China from 2000 to 2010. The spatial distribution of cities with rapid land urbanization process is discussed, and the contribution rate and its spatial heterogeneity of major land use types are examined with the aid of GIS. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Land urbanization in China shows a clear spatial difference. The greater the city scale, the faster its land urbanization. The cities with rapid land urbanization show a significant pattern of central distribution in coastal regions and a scattered distribution in the inland regions. (2) Over the last 10 years, the average quantity of land urbanization in the 656 cities was 3.82 km~2, the quantity of land urbanization is differentiated by administrative grade. The average rate of land urbanization was 6.89%, obviously faster than the speed of population urbanization. The rate of land urbanization reveals a pattern of differentiation between coastal and other cities. (3) In the past 10 years, the two primary land use types associated with land urbanization in China are residential and industrial, with a combined contribution rate of 52.49%. The greater the scale of the city, the more significant the driving effect of industrial land. In small- and medium-scale cities of the western and central regions, the growth of residential land is the primary driver of land urbanization, while in coastal urban agglomerations and cities on important communication axes, the growth of industrial land is the main driver. (4) Overall, urban population agglomeration, industrial growth and investment are the three drivers of land urbanization in China, but cities of different scales have different drivers.
TBL教学法在研究生临床免疫学理论教学中的应用探索

以团队为基础的学习(Team-based learning, TBL)教学模式不再以教师为主体,而是以学生为主体,提倡学生自主学习,注重提高学生分析和解决问题的能力,以将学生培养成终身学习者为目标的新型教学模式。这种模式改变了以教师授课为主的被动式教学模式,激发了学生独立思考及团结协作、收集处理信息、获取和更新知识的能力,并且通过学生之间互帮互助、互相督促,既提高了学习效率,又培养了学生的团队合作精神和竞争意识。本教研室针对我校医学免疫学教学安排的实际情况,选用TBL式的教学方式对我校2013级考入基础各专业的研究生,共56名学生进行临床免疫部分,包括超敏反应、自身免疫病、免疫缺陷病、肿瘤免疫及移植免疫这五章的讲授。
类风湿关节炎早发动脉粥样硬化机制的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种累及外周关节为主的慢性、系统性、炎症性自身免疫性疾病。全身和关节滑膜合成的促炎细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-17等在关节损害和终末器官损害中起着关键作用。 RA患者易于并发动脉粥样硬化,心肌梗死和卒中的风险显著增加。RA患者动脉粥样硬化加速进展与吸烟、肥胖、高血脂、高血压、糖尿病等传统心血管危险因素相关外,还与细胞因子、自身抗体、细胞调节、抗风湿药物应用以及基因易感性有关。现将RA早发动脉粥样硬化相关机制的研究进展进行综述。
调节性细胞在Graves病发生发展中的作用

毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves disease,GD)是一类伴甲状腺激素分泌增多的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病。随着现代生活和工作节奏的加快,精神压力的增加,GD发病率逐年升高,目前已达1%~2%。免疫缺陷在自身免疫性疾病的发病和病理进展中起重要作用。 GD患者体内同时存在体液免疫及细胞免疫紊乱,但其具体机制尚不明确。调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Treg cells)、调节性 B细胞(regulatory B cells, Breg cells)、树突状细胞(Dendritic cells,DCs)及自然杀伤性T细胞(Natural killer T cells,NKT cells)等具有免疫调节功能的细胞在机体的免疫耐受中起重要作用,也在GD的发生发展中发挥重要作用。
磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶信号通路调节钠碘转运体表达的研究进展

生物体是由多种具有特殊结构和功能的细胞组成的复杂的有机体。由于这些细胞多数不与外界环境直接接触,对于一些物理、化学以及生物因素的外界刺激需要细胞间复杂的信号传导系统来传递,细胞表面受体接受外界信号,通过系统级联传递机制,将胞外信号转化为胞内信号,进而引起细胞生理反应或诱导特定基因的表达,引起细胞的应答反应,这种特定的反应系统就是细胞信号通路。信号传导通路对于调控机体的新陈代谢,保证生命活动的正常进行具有重要的意义。
"和谐使命-2014"医院船海外医疗服务主平台门诊工作分析与思考

2014年8月13日至9月18日, 中国"和平方舟"号医院船赴汤加、斐济、瓦努阿图、巴布亚新几内亚等"南太四国"执行"和谐使命-2014"任务, 为当地民众和华人华侨开展医疗服务。
Performance Enhancement in Dye-Sensitiized Solar Cells with Composite Mixtures of TiO_2 Nanoparticles and TiO_2 Nanotubes

In the present investigation, a new composite nanostructured photoanodes were prepared using TiO_2 nanotubes (TNTs) with TiO_2 nanoparticles (TNPs). TNPs were synthesized by sol-gel method, and TNTs were prepared through alkali hydrothermal method. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated with different photoanodes comprising of various ratios of TNTs + TNPs, synthetic indigo dye as photosensitizer, PMII (1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide) as ionic liquid electrolyte and cobalt sulfide as counter electrode. The structures and morphologies of TNPs and TNTs were analyzed through X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopes. The results of the investigation showed that the DSSC-4 made with composite photoanode structure (TNTs/TNPs) (90% of TNPs + 10% of TNTs) had improved photocurrent efficiency (2.11%) than pure TNPs (1.00%) and TNT film (0.78%). Electrochemical impedance spectra revealed that the composite TNTs/TNPs film-based DSSCs possessed the lowest charge-transfer resistances and longest electron lifetime. Hence, it could be concluded that the composite TNTs/TNPs photoanode facilitates the charge transport rate and enhances the efficiencies of DSSCs.
30 t/d桐籽制油的工艺设计及生产实践

桐籽中含有桐灰,故在储存过程中要定期倒仓。选用特殊设计的桐籽剥壳机可减少物料的粉末度。桐籽仁壳分离及清选的细粉及碎仁不经蒸炒直接进入榨油机,可减少物料糊化,提高油品质量。
围手术期平衡康复疗法结合电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉90例疗效观察

声带息肉多由长期用声过度或用声不当、上呼吸道病变、吸烟、内分泌紊乱、变态反应等造成,是临床常见的疾病之一。笔者同江西中医学院附属医院中医耳鼻咽喉科合作,采用谢氏中医围手术期平衡康复疗法结合电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉90例,同时与常规电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉90例作对照研究,总结报道如下。
微小RNA-19b在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义

微小RNA(miRNA,miR)是一类内源性的非编码小分子RNA,在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在检测miR-19b在骨肉瘤组织中的表达,探讨其在骨肉瘤发生发展中的作用及临床意义。
幽门螺旋杆菌感染诱导胃癌发生过程中基因异常甲基化的研究进展

胃癌是发病率第4位的恶性肿瘤,每年有将近1 000 000例的新发病例;而胃癌的死亡率高居第2位,每年死于胃癌的人数超过700 000例。超过70%的新发和死亡病例来自发展中国家,尤其是在亚洲东部和欧洲中东部。
严重脓毒症胆碱能抗炎通路障碍机制的研究进展

严重脓毒症是指脓毒症伴器官功能障碍、组织灌注不足和低血压的临床综合征,主要原因是感染所致机体局部炎症因子的过度释放并进入全身血液循环,从而引起多器官功能障碍甚至衰竭。目前控制炎症因子的过度释放成为防治脓毒症的重要策略之一。“胆碱能抗炎通路”的提出使得炎症反应过程中枢神经系统与外周免疫系统的联系更加具体化,中枢神经系统中胆碱能神经核团活化后能刺激迷走传出神经,活化的迷走神经在突触末端释放乙酰胆碱(Ach),Ach能作用于细胞表面a7型烟碱类乙酰胆碱受体(α7nAchR)而发挥抗炎效应。虽然已经明确胆碱能抗炎通路的激活能减少外周炎症因子的释放,进而降低脓毒症动物的病死率,但是对于胆碱能抗炎通路作用的具体细胞机制及其与内分泌免疫反应的本质联系仍未充分阐明。生理情况下,迷走传入神经能迅速感受有害刺激并将信号传入中枢,激活胆碱能抗炎通路而发挥抗炎效应。然而,在严重脓毒症时神经系统发生功能障碍,出现胆碱能抗炎通路抗炎作用减弱甚至消失。笔者拟就严重脓毒症状态下胆碱能抗炎通路功能障碍机制进行综述,为寻求积极有效的干预措施提供新的理论依据。
血吸虫引起无症状多发性肝脓肿一例

目前由血吸虫引起的无症状、多发性肝脓肿的血吸虫病例鲜见。通过对该患者的诊治,总结以下体会:①血吸虫能引起多发性肝脓肿,临床上可无发热、过敏反应、消化道症状和肝、脾肿大等临床表现,故极易漏诊及误诊。对于血吸虫引起的肝脓肿,无需使用抗菌药物,及时给予驱虫治疗,即能达到痊愈;②肝血吸虫病的影像学检查可发现肝脓肿MRI 特征性表现,肝内出现稍长T1、T2信号,边界模糊,DWI高信号,其内见小圆形长T1、T2信号,DWI高信号;CT可表现为肝实质内多发类圆形状非强化低密度改变,以肝周边部较为集中;③对于疫区人群或有明显疫水接触史的人群,进行血吸虫病筛查时,除了实验室检查外,上腹部影像学检查也非常必要,可早期发现血吸虫引起的病变,并予以及时、正确的诊治。
临床分离黏质沙雷菌质粒介导16S rRNA甲基化酶和β-内酰胺酶共转移

黏质沙雷菌是一种条件致病的肠杆菌科细菌,常可导致免疫低下者、长期使用广谱抗菌药物及侵入性检查患者的泌尿道、呼吸道等部位感染。氨基糖苷类抗菌药物一直是临床上治疗革兰阴性菌所致严重感染的重要药物之一。16S rRNA甲基化酶通过对氨基糖苷类药物结合位点16S rRNA 的甲基化作用,使细菌对临床现有的氨基糖苷类抗菌药物表现出高水平耐药。Doi等首次从黏质沙雷菌中分离出对包括阿贝卡星在内的所有氨基糖苷类耐药的新型甲基化酶,命名为rmtB。16S rRNA甲基化酶基因常与β-内酰胺酶基因同时存在于可接合性质粒上,尤其是CTX-M型基因。本研究采用分子生物学技术分析临床分离的黏质沙雷菌中16S rRNA甲基化酶基因及其阳性菌株中同时产β-内酰胺酶的分布情况。
深圳河河水与底泥致臭贡献的实验研究

深圳河流域由于早期环境保护和水处理设施的建设落后于城市化高速推进,曾有大量生活污水、工业废水未经有效处理便排人河道,使河水水质受到污染,河道生态环境恶化。其中,河道黑臭带来的负面影响最为直接。特别是在炎热的夏日,河水浑浊不堪,河道内散发恶臭,甚至影响到部分河段附近居民的日常生活。因此,改善河道恶臭成为深圳河环境治理首要面对的迫切问题。目前可应用污染河道治理技术有多种,有的主要作用于污染河水,有的则是用于污染底泥治理。在对污染河道治理技术路线做出合理选择时,首先应分析问题产生的主要原因,其后有的放矢地考察某项技术是否可以实地应用。针对深圳河河道黑臭问题,应首先判断其贡献源是受污染的河水还是污染底泥。因此,为了定量判断受污染的河水和底泥哪一个是河道黑臭的主要贡献源,本研究通过专门设计的实验对深圳河河水和底泥的致臭能力进行了定量化的比较,所获得的结果有助于在深圳河河道环境整治中选择合理的技术路线,有效地改善河道黑臭。
老年人慢性病管理的特点

非感染性慢性病是人类健康最大的杀手。其中,脑卒中是首位致死、致残病因。医疗对策也从患者就诊升级到慢性病管理,特别是高血压、糖尿病和心脑血管病,而这些慢性病均与年龄相关。我国糖尿病患病率为9.7%,在老年人中为20.4%;老年人高血压患病率近50.0%,治疗率和血压控制达标率仅分别为32.2%和7.6%;老年人高脂血症患病率为男性13.8%、女性23.5%;严峻的现实凸显慢性病管理的重要。临床医学的进步体现在单个慢性病的诊疗规范上,这是基于循证医学归纳出来的。近年来高血压、高血脂和糖尿病的管理指南均有更新。针对老年患者的诊治与成年人患者不同,既要从慢性病诊治的新进展中获益,也要考虑到老化、共病、衰弱和功能残障带来的异质性。
针药平衡麻醉促进病人术后康复的新理念?

进入21世纪,随着新的麻醉药物与麻醉技术的应用,临床麻醉在安全性、有效性和舒适性等方面都取得了突破性进展,但是手术病人的死亡率仍居高不下,主要的原因是手术病人的老龄化、伴有慢性疾病如心脑血管疾病、慢性肺病、糖尿病等,这些病人虽然能度过手术期,但各种并发症和不良事件导致术后较高的死亡率。这些问题靠目前的理论、药物和技术是难于解决的,亟待新理念的提出及推广。西方国家提出了一些新理念,如围术期医学,强调麻醉医生不仅要关注术前和术中,更要关注术后的长期恢复。作为中国麻醉科医师,我们能否提出新理念呢?
子宫内膜异位症的诊治指南

子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是指子宫内膜组织(腺体和间质)在子宫腔被覆内膜及子宫以外的部位出现、生长、浸润,反复出血,继而引发疼痛、不孕及结节或包块等。内异症是生育年龄妇女的多发病、常见病。内异症病变广泛、形态多样、极具侵袭性和复发性,具有性激素依赖的特点。
The Theory of Radiation-repulsion and Material-attraction

In this paper the new discovered Functions of Heat Energy, its Close Relations with new natures of mass and the mechanisms of creations of forces are stated separately in following three articles: I. The Discovery of Important Functions of Heat Energy in The Courses of Natural Activities. The new functions of heat energy are found. δm = —mδRT/RT= —mδu~2/u~2 II. The Inner Close Relations between Heat Energy and Mass The new law of transformation between the heat energy and the potential energy is found δ(RT) = δ(QM/r) which causes the change of the mass of material. III. The Mechanisms of Creations of Forces between Materials in Nature The mechanisms of creations of forces between materials in nature are found as for variations of their temperatures. The universal gravity is only a special case during field the variation of heat energy of a material induces the additional gravity to cause its vertical motion Ⅳ. Applications Besides the expression of nuclear combination established the historical baffling problems as the constancy of light velocity in vacuum from different initial velocities of photons emitted from double stars and the deficiency of mass in nuclear combination are solved as examples of applications.
900 MHz电磁辐射对大鼠妊娠结局和胎盘组织氧化损伤及核转录因子2蛋白表达的影响

为探讨电磁辐射对大鼠妊娠结局、胎盘氧化损伤及Nrf2蛋白表达的影响, 将20只妊娠清洁级SD大鼠随机分为对照组和辐射组, 每组10只。辐射组每天以900 MHz(370 μW/cm~2)模拟手机频率电磁辐照4 h, 连续20 d。观察孕鼠的妊娠结局(窝仔数、死胎数、胎盘指数及仔鼠的体重、身长、尾长), 检测胎盘组织丙二醇(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及胎盘蜕膜、绒毛组织核转录因子2(Nrf2)蛋白的表达水平。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 电磁辐射后妊娠大鼠的死胎率升高, 胎盘指数降低, 胎盘组织MDA的含量和SOD、GSH-Px活力均降低, 胎盘蜕膜组织Nrf2蛋白的表达水平升高, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05, P<0.01)。而两组的窝仔数和仔鼠体重、身长、尾长及绒毛组织中Nrf2蛋白的表达水平间比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。提示妊娠期手机频率辐射可引起大鼠不良妊娠结局, 可能与其加重胎盘组织氧化损伤及胎盘蜕膜组织Nrf2表达异常有关。
城市污水处理厂恶臭和微生物气溶胶逸散研究

为了解污水处理厂恶臭及微生物气溶胶的散逸情况, 对北京市某城市污水处理厂的格栅间、曝气池、污泥浓缩池和污泥脱水机房恶臭和微生物气溶胶进行检测, 硫化氢和氨浓度最高的是污泥浓缩池和污泥脱水机房, 其次是曝气池, 最低的是格栅间。而曝气池逸散的异养细菌和真菌浓度最高, 其次是污泥脱水机房, 浓度最低的区域为格栅间和污泥浓缩池。各区域逸散出的优势异养细菌主要为假单孢菌(Pseudomona)和芽胞杆菌(Bacillus), 而毛霉(Mucor)和青霉(Penicillium)为优势真菌菌属。污水处理厂恶臭和微生物气溶胶的产生和逸散机制存在差异, 曝气作用更利于微生物从污水中的逸散。
肉毒毒素在康复医学科的临床应用

1肉毒毒素临床应用的历史和现状自发现肉毒毒素(botulinum neurotoxin,BoNT)到将其用于治疗领域的过程已百余年,治疗开端是上世纪70年代Alan Scott用BoNT治疗斜视猴。之后数十年内,神经内科、整形科和康复医学科等各科医生,通过不断尝试和验证,逐渐将其治疗范围扩大,涉及疾病或问题包括:肌张力障碍、偏侧面肌痉挛、腋汗症、皱纹、成人肢体痉挛状态、儿童脑瘫痉挛状态、多涎、偏头痛、逼尿肌过度活动等。这种范围的扩大,是建立在BoNT药理学及疾病病理生理学基础上的。BoNT可以阻滞躯体运动神经和自主神经的乙酰胆碱释放,也可以作用于感觉神经,抑制P物质、谷氨酸等疼痛介质的释放和传递。极少有药物能像BoNT这样,取得跨多个学科的临床疗效。国内自上世纪90年代起,万新华、胡兴越等率先将BoNT用于眼睑痉挛、偏侧面肌痉挛和颈部肌张力障碍等神经科疾病范畴。稍后,康复医学科医生开始使用BoNT,较先开展且主要的治疗领域,是成人和儿童的痉挛状态。
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Phenolamides and the Genetics of Natural Variation of Hydroxycinnamoyl Spermidine in Rice

Phenolamides constitute a diverse class of secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants and have been implicated to play an important role in a wide range of biological processes, such as plant development and defense. However, spatiotemporal accumulation patterns of phenolamides in rice, one of the most important crops, are not available, and no gene responsible for phenolamide biosynthesis has been identified in this species. In this study, we report the comprehensive metabolic profiling and natural variation analysis of phenolamides in a collection of rice germplasm using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics method. Spatiotemporal controlled accumulations were observed for most phenolamides, together with their differential accumulations between the two major subspecies of rice. Further metabolic genome-wide association study (mGWAS) in rice leaf and in vivo metabolic analysis of the transgenic plants identified Os12g27220 and Os12g27254 as two spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases that might underlie the natural variation of levels of spermidine conjugates in rice. Our work demonstrates that gene-to-metabolite analysis by mGWAS provides a useful tool for functional gene identification and omics-based crop genetic improvement.
A two-stage spectrum sensing scheme based on energy detection and a novel multitaper method

Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal. A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing (MSS) method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection (ED) in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman–Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.
Thermoelectric properties of Sr_(0.61)Ba_(0.39)Nb_2O_6–δ ceramics in different oxygen-reduction conditions

The thermoelectric properties of Sr_(0.61)Ba_(0.39)Nb_2O_(6–δ) ceramics, reduced in different conditions, are investigated in the temperature range from 323 K to 1073 K. The electrical transport behaviors of the samples are dominated by the thermal-activated polaron hopping in the low temperature range, the Fermi glass behavior in the middle temperature range, and the Anderson localized behavior in the high temperature range. The thermal conductivity presents a plateau at high-temperatures, indicating a glass-like thermal conduction behavior. Both the thermoelectric power factor and the thermal conductivity increase with the increase of the degree of oxygen-reduction. Taking these two factors into account, the oxygen-reduction can still contribute to promoting the thermoelectric figure of merit. The highest ZT value is obtained to be ～0.19 at 1073 K in the heaviest oxygen reduced sample.
Decrease of back recombination rate in CdS quantum dots sensitized solar cells using reduced graphene oxide

The photovoltaic performance of CdS quantum dots sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) using the 0.2 wt% of reduced graphene oxide and TiO_2 nanoparticles (RGO+TiO_2 nanocomposite) photoanode is investigated. CdS QDs are adsorbed onto RGO+TiO_2 nanocomposite films by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique for several cycles. The current density–voltage (J –V) characteristic curves of the assembled QDSSCs are measured at AM1.5 simulated sunlight. The optimal photovoltaic performance for CdS QDSSC was achieved for six SILAR cycles. Solar cells based on the RGO+TiO_2 nanocomposite photoanode achieve a 33% increase in conversion efficiency (η) compared with those based on plain TiO_2 nanoparticle (NP) photoanodes. The electron back recombination rates decrease significantly for CdS QDSSCs based on RGO+TiO_2 nanocomposite photoanodes. The lifetime constant (τ) for CdS QDSSC based on the RGO+TiO_2 nanocomposite photoanode is at least one order of magnitude larger than that based on the bare TiO_2NPs photoanode.
Raman gains of ADP and KDP crystals

In this paper, the Raman gain coefficients of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are measured. By using a pump source of a 30-ps, 532-nm laser, the gain coefficients of ADP and KDP are 1.22 cm/GW, and 0.91 cm/GW, respectively. While for a 20-ps, 355-nm pump laser, the gain coefficients of these two crystals are similar, which are 1.95 cm/GW for ADP and 1.86 for KDP. The present results indicate that for ultra-violet frequency conversion, the problem of stimulated Raman scattering for ADP crystal will not be more serious than that for KDP crystal. Considering other advantages such the larger nonlinear optical coefficient, higher laser damage threshold, and lower noncritical phase-matching temperature, it can be anticipated that ADP will be a powerful competitor to KDP in large aperture, high energy third-harmonic generation or fourth-harmonic generation applications.
THz wave emission from argon in two-color laser field

Terahertz (THz) wave emission from argon atom in a two-color laser pulses is studied numerically by solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The THz spectra we obtained include both discontinuous and continuum ones. By using the special basis functions that we previously proposed, our analysis points out that the discontinuous and continuum parts are contributed by bound–bound and continuum–continuum transition of atomic energy levels. Although the atomic wave function is strongly dressed during the interaction with laser fields, our identification for the discontinuous part of the THz wave shows that the transition between highly excited bound states can still be well described by the field-free basis function in the tunneling ionization regime.
Light trapping characteristics of glass substrate with hemisphere pit arrays in thin film Si solar cells

In this paper, the light trapping characteristics of glass substrate with hemisphere pit (HP) arrays in thin film Si solar cells are theoretically studied via a numerical approach. It is found that the HP glass substrate has good antireflection properties. Its surface reflectance can be reduced by ～ 50% compared with planar glass. The HP arrays can make the unabsorbed light return to the absorbing layer of solar cells, and the ratio of second absorption approximately equals 30%. Thus, the glass substrate with the hemisphere pit arrays (HP glass) can effectively reduce the total reflectivity of a solar cell from 20% to 13%. The HP glass can also prolong the optical path length. The numerical results show that the total optical path length of the thin film Si solar cell covered with the HP glass increases from 2ω to 4ω. These results are basically consistent with the experimental results.