mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Study on the Precise Location of the Xinjiang Yutian M_S 7. 3 Earthquake

The seismic waveform of the Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquake, Xinjiang on February 12, 2014 was recorded clearly and completely by the Digital Seismic Networks of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, and Xinjiang Hotan array, so the method of joint location by regional seismic network and seismic array can be used to accurately determine the earthquake source location. The following technologies were used in the process of location : (1) We selected seismic stations equally located around the epicenter of the M_S 7.3 earthquake with an average interval of about 15 degrees in the initial location. (2) The recording waveforms of Yutian seismic station were rotated to the radial and tangential directions to precisely obtain the arrival time of S-waves to determine the epicentral distance. (3) The velocity model was used in the determination of location of the epicenter,based on the historical records of earthquakes in the area within a radius of 1. 0° from the source as the center, and the velocity model is obtained after re-fitting and calibration. (4) Based on the waveform records of the Hotan seismic array,the method of waveform beaming was used to determine the azimuths and perform the correction of the epicenter location with these azimuths. (5) The deterministic method was used to measure the source depth. Finally, it is concluded that the Yutian M_S 7.3 main shock hypocenter location is 36.197°N, 82. 467°E, focal depth 12km and original time 17: 19:48. 2 p. m. February 12,2014.
Tectonic Background of the Yutian M_S7. 3 Earthquake in 2014 and Its Relationship with the Yutian M_S7. 3 Earthquake in 2008

The regional tectonic background and characteristics of active faults of the Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake on February 12,2014 are discussed in this paper. After the analysis of the epicenter area of the M_S7.3 earthquake in 2014 and the focal mechanisms of the former strong earthquakes around it,the authors deduced that the seismogenic fault of the M_S7.3 earthquake is the east branch of the Ashikule fault. The M_S7.3 earthquake in 2014 and the M_S7. 3 earthquake in 2008 are two strong earthquake events on the different sections of the Altun Tagh fault, where the fault behavior changes from sinistral slip to normal faulting because of the extensional tail effects in the southern end of the Altun Tagh fault. It is concluded that the two M_S7. 3 earthquakes have the same dynamic source,and the M_S7.3 earthquake in 2008 promoted the occurrence of the M_S7. 3 earthquake in 2014. Finally, we calculate the Coulomb stress change to the seismogenic fault of the M_S7.3 earthquake in 2014 from the M_S7. 3 earthquake in 2008 using the layered crust model. The result also shows that the M_S7.3 earthquake in 2008 accelerated the occurrence of the M_S7.3 earthquake in 2014.
An Efficient Nanoparticle-Supported and Magnetically Recoverable Copper(l) Catalyst for Synthesis of Furans from Ene-yne-ketone

A magnetic nano-supported Cu(I) catalyst was prepared and showed high activity for cyclization of ene-yneketone to synthesize furans. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction by using external magnets and reused 8 times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Stakeholder and Public Involvement in Risk Governance

Stakeholder involvement has been a major requirement for effective, efficient, and fair risk governance. Since risk management includes uncertain outcomes that affect different parts of the population to different degrees it is essential to integrate the knowledge, values, and interests of stakeholders into the risk policy making process. The article provides insights into how to structure and organize stakeholder participation and how to cope with the challenges of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. For each of the three challenges there is a need for specific input from stakeholders. The article describes these requirements and explains the formats that have been tested for providing this input to the risk governance process.
基于地址匹配的城市行业用地调查研究与实践

选取广州市越秀区作为试点区域,利用数据库规范地名地址数据,以地址匹配为核心实现宗地数据与经济统计数据的融合,调查行业用地利用状况、用地类型、面积与分布,形成顾及地名地址数据特点的越秀区行业用地调查数据库,开展行业经济、用地、从业人员情况统计与分析。研究与实践表明:利用行业基本单位详细地址与地名地址数据匹配开展城市行业用地调查是一有效方法;持续性开展城市行业用地调查有助于政府的经济、用地宏观决策。
持续性脑电监测在重症监护室的应用及研究进展

目前对于重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)中的危重患者,通过常规生命体征、血氧饱和度和心输出量等监测,医护人员可及时了解患者的心肺功能情况,然而对脑功能出现严重障碍患者的监测手段却非常有限。神经影像学检查仅能提供大脑结构不可逆性改变的相关信息,不能反映脑功能的变化。持续性数字脑电图(continuous EEG monitoring, cEEG)通过安放在头皮上的电极记录脑电活动信号,可方便、及时、无创地评价脑细胞的生理状态,对脑血管病的诊断和预后判断有重要的临床意义。近年来由于技术的进步,cEEG变得更加实用,在国外很多的新生儿监护病房都已经开始应用cEEG,而国内应用cEEG尚不多见。本文将综述当前cEEG在ICU中的应用及其研究进展,以促进其在国内的研究及应用。
自制负压吸引装置用于腹部术后伤口感染裂开患者一例的护理

目的观察自制负压吸引装置用于一例腹部术后感染裂开伤口患者的效果及其护理。方法将一次性胸腔闭式引流瓶、一次性吸痰管、无菌纱布、透明敷料以及负压装置装配成改良式负压吸引装置,用于一例横结肠癌根治术后7个月腹部伤口感染裂开患者。结果该患者采用自制负压吸引装置共进行10次持续性负压伤口治疗,局部血流改善、坏死组织清除、水肿减轻,有效保护了创面。结论自制负压吸引装置取材方便、费用低廉,操作简单易行,能促进患者伤口愈合,减轻医护人员工作量。
塑性支气管炎患儿的麻醉处理三例

讨论塑性支气管炎是指支气管内产生呈支气管树状的内生性异物局部或广泛堵塞支气管,导致肺部分或全部通气功能障碍的一种疾病。塑性支气管炎病理机制复杂,临床死亡率高,国外报道病死率约50%。支气管镜检异物探取术是塑性支气管炎有效的治疗手段。与一般气道异物取出术相比,由于该病在支气管内产生大量呈支气管树状的内生性异物局部或广泛堵塞支气管,塑性支气管炎患儿的缺氧耐受性更差,麻醉风险更高。3例患儿术前SpO_2都在90% 以下,术前充分的给氧、术中维持氧饱和度和尽可能提供良好的手术空间是手术成功的关键。3例患儿术前均给予充分的面罩吸氧,但SpO_2改善不明显。采用七氟醚吸入诱导,七氟醚浓度为4%,氧流量4 L/min,诱导浓度既要保留患儿的自主呼吸,又要提供一定的麻醉深度,以避免放置喉镜时血流动力学的大幅波动。术中采用静脉输注丙泊酚维持麻醉,根据自主呼吸调整剂量,必要时手控辅助通气,术中维持SpO_2不低于80%。该麻醉方法的优点在于:(1)保留自主呼吸,一方面避免麻醉诱导过程中出现急性气道梗阻,另一方避免气管内插管,提供了良好的手术视野和空间;(2)手控辅助通气避免呼吸机控制通气时胸腔内正压对氧合和血流动力学的影响;(3)术中采用经Storz纤维支气管镜侧孔通气,既满足了手术需求,又能维持必要的氧合;(4)减少气胸以及纵隔气肿的发生概率,减轻肺损伤。当术中出现氧饱和度较大幅度的下降时,及时将纤维支气管镜退至主气管,封闭活检孔,加大氧流量进行手控通气,是改善氧合较为有效的方法。塑性支气管炎麻醉风险极高,采用七氟醚诱导,丙泊酚维持麻醉,保留自主呼吸,必要时手控辅助通气可取得较好的麻醉效果。
ICU 护士工作满意度与创新行为的相关性研究

目的了解ICU护士工作满意度与创新行为的现状、影响因素及其相互关系。方法选取哈尔滨市4所三级甲等医院的340名ICU护士为研究对象,采用护士工作满意度和创新行为量表进行调查。结果ICU护士工作满意度评分为(124.71±20.22)分,护士职称和劳动人事关系情况为主要影响因素(均P<0.01);ICU护士的创新行为得分为(4.09±0.85)分,护士学历和职称为主要影响因素(均P<0.01);ICU护士工作满意度得分及5个维度(家庭/工作平衡,工资及福利,成长及发展,工作被认可,管理)与创新行为总分呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论ICU护士满意度略低但创新行为较好,提高护士的工作满意度,有利于促进其创新行为。
神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗正常压力性脑积水的疗效观察

神经外科学者应用神经内镜第三脑室底造瘘术(endoscopic third ventriculostomy,ETV)治疗正常压力性脑积水(normal communicating hydrocephalus,NHP)进行着积极探索。本文通过回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科应用ETV及脑室-腹腔分流术(ventriculoperitoneal shunt,VPS)治疗NHP的手术有效率及并发症,阐明ETV的治疗NHP的有效性及可行性。
慢性乙型肝炎病毒或丙型肝炎病毒感染与脂肪性肝病

病毒性肝炎不但预后在个体间差异较大,而且抗病毒疗效在个体间也存在差异,除与所感染病毒的生物学特征及宿主自身因素密切相关外,近来还发现其与感染者是否合并脂肪肝密切相关。HBV及HCV相关性脂肪肝的发病率在国际上不同地区间的差异较大,分别占HBV及HCV感染者的14%?70%和22%?76%,其中以丙型肝炎合并脂肪肝较常见。脂肪肝与病毒性肝炎同时存在时可促进肝纤维化的发生,并增加肝硬化及肝癌的发生风险。近年来还有研究表明肝脂肪变的存在也影响抗病毒的疗效。因此有关抗病毒的国际指南已明确将脂肪肝作为影响HCV病毒学应答的因素之一,但合并脂肪肝是否对HBV抗病毒疗效有影响目前还需进一步探讨。另外,合并脂肪肝也是慢性HBV感染者ALT升高的原因,有时也会对抗病毒治疗的适应证选择有一定的影响,因此,提高人们对慢性HBV或HCV感染合并脂肪肝患者临床特征的认识十分重要。
Effect of food restriction on the energy metabolism of the Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis)

Food resources play an important role in the regulation of animals’ physiology and behavior. We investigated the effect of short-term food restriction on metabolic thermogenesis of Chinese bulbuls (Pycnonotus sinensis) by measuring changes in body mass, body fat, basic metabolic rate (BMR), and organ mass of wild-caught Chinese bulbuls from Wenzhou, China. Short-term food restriction induced a significant decrease in body mass and body fat but body mass returned to normal levels soon after food was no longer restricted. Food restriction caused a significant reduction in BMR after 7 days (P<0.05), which returned to normal levels after food restriction ceased. Log total BMR was positively correlated with log body mass (r2=0.126, P<0.05). The dry masses of livers and the digestive tract were higher in birds that had been subject to temporary food restriction than in control birds and those subject to continual food restriction (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). There was also significant differences in the dry mass of the lungs (P<0.05), heart (P<0.01), and spleen (P<0.05) in birds subject to short-term food restriction compared to control birds and those subject to continual food restriction. BMR was positively correlated with body and organ (heart, kidney and stomach) mass. These results suggest that the Chinese bulbul adjusts to restricted food availability by utilizing its energy reserves, lowering its BMR and changing the weight of various internal organs so as to balance total energy requirements. These may all be survival strategies that allow birds to cope with unpredictable variation in food abundance.
Responses of microbial activities and soil physical-chemical properties to the successional process of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are capable of modifying nutrient availability to favor the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. Microbial activities serve as critical roles for both carbon and nutrient transformation in BSCs. However, little is known about microbial activities and physical-chemical properties of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. In the present research, a sampling line with 1-m wide and 20-m long was set up in each of five typical interdune areas selected randomly in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Within each sampling line, samples of bare sand sheet, algal crusts, lichen crusts and moss crusts were randomly collected at the depth of 0-2 cm. Variations of microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzyme activities and soil physical-chemical properties in different succession of BSCs were analyzed. The relationships between microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities and soil physical-chemical properties were explored by stepwise regression. Our results indicate that microalgal biomass, microbial biomass and most of enzyme activities increased as the BSCs developed and their highest values occurred in lichen or moss crusts. Except for total K, the contents of most soil nutrients (organic C, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K) were the lowest in the bare sand sheet and significantly increased with the BSCs development, reaching their highest values in moss crusts. However, pH values significantly decreased as the BSCs developed. Significant and positive correlations were observed between chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C. Total P and N were positively associated with chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C, whereas there was a significant and negative correlation between microbial biomass and available P. The growth of cyanobacteria and microorganism contributed C and N in the soil, which offered substrates for enzyme activities thus increasing enzyme activities. Probably, improvement in enzyme activities increased soil fertility and promoted the growth of cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae and heterotrophic microorganism, with the accelerating succession of BSCs. The present research found that microalgal-microbial biomass and enzyme activities played important roles on the contents of nutrients in the successional stages of BSCs and helped us to understand developmental mechanism in the succession of BSCs.
Long-term effects of gravel―sand mulch on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China

Gravel-sand mulch has been used for centuries to conserve water in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. In this study, we assessed the influence of long-term (1996-2012) gravel-sand mulching of cultivated soils on total organic carbon (TOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total organic nitrogen (TON), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), permanganate-oxidizable carbon (KMnO_4-C), and non-KMnO_4-C at 0-60 cm depths. Mulching durations were 7, 11 and 16 years, with a non-mulched control. Compared to the control, there was no significant and consistently positive effect of the mulch on TOC, POC, MOC, KMnO_4-C and non-KMnO_4-C before 11 years of mulching, and these organic C fractions generally decreased significantly by 16 years. LFOC, TON and MBC to at a 0-20 cm depth increased with increasing mulching duration until 11 years, and then these fractions decreased significantly between 11 and 16 years, reaching values comparable to or lower than those in the control. KMnO_4-C was most strongly correlated with the labile soil C fractions. Our findings suggest that although gravel-sand mulch may conserve soil moisture, it may also lead to long-term decreases in labile soil organic C fractions and total organic N in the study area. The addition of manure or composted manure would be a good choice to reverse the soil deterioration that occurs after 11 years by increasing the inputs of organic matter.
The relationship between soil, climate and forest development in the mid-mountain zone of the Sangong River watershed in the northern Tianshan Mountains, China

The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest (Picea schrenkiana) was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8°C between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.49°C and 0.55°C with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respectively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum CaCO_3 concentration, pH value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil (0-10 cm) and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers (>10 cm). The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the development and spatial distribution of the mid-mountain forest in the study area. The order of the importance of environmental factors to forest development in this study is as follows: soil nutrients>precipitation>elevation>temperature.
单纯收缩期高血压患者舒张压的管理

单纯收缩期高血压(isolated systolic hypertension,ISH)多见于老年人群。通常,老年人收缩压随年龄增长升高,舒张压在60岁后呈降低趋势,ISH是老年高血压最为常见的类型,占60岁以上老年高血压的65%、70岁以上老年患者的90%以上。流行病学研究显示,在西方国家,老年人群中高血压患病率为60%~70%,其中ISH约占60%;我国老年(≥65岁)高血压的患病率为56.5%,ISH患病率随年龄增加而增加,老年人群达21.5%,占老年高血压的53.2%。
β受体阻滞剂是否可以常规用于所有冠状动脉性心脏病患者

近30年来,随着循证医学体系的逐渐建立与完善,对传统的经验医学模式形成了严重冲击。许多曾经广泛应用于临床的治疗方法被随机化临床试验证实是无效的,甚至是有害的。正是这些不断积累的新的临床研究证据,有力促进了心血管疾病诊疗策略的日益完善,对于降低各类疾病的致死、致残率发挥了不可替代的作用。然而必须认识到,随机化临床试验并不能回答临床实践中的所有问题,在尊重并重视循证医学研究结论的同时,需要避免"唯证据论"理念与思潮,观察性临床研究、队列研究,乃至临床经验在日常临床实践中仍具有重要价值。此外,理性对待阶段性研究成果也是值得临床医生重视的一个问题。我们每天都会接触到很多新的研究信息,但对于同一问题,不同研究所得出的结论往往并不一致。因此多数情况下,任何一项研究结论均不会对临床实践行为产生直接的影响。只有同类研究积累的足够多,具有较为充分的说服力后,才能考虑将其引入临床。
Compensatory recombination phenomena of neurological functions in central dysphagia patients

We speculate that cortical reactions evoked by swallowing activity may be abnormal in patients with central infarction with dysphagia. The present study aimed to detect functional imaging features of cerebral cortex in central dysphagia patients by using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The results showed that when normal controls swallowed, primary motor cortex (BA4), insula (BA13), premotor cortex (BA6/8), supramarginal gyrus (BA40), and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24/32) were activated, and that the size of the activated areas were larger in the left hemisphere compared with the right. In recurrent cerebral infarction patients with central dysphagia, BA4, BA13, BA40 and BA6/8 areas were activated, while the degree of activation in BA24/32 was decreased. Additionally, more areas were activated, including posterior cingulate cortex (BA23/31), visual association cortex (BA18/19), primary auditory cortex (BA41) and parahippocampal cortex (BA36). Somatosensory association cortex (BA7) and left cerebellum in patients with recurrent cerebral infarction with central dysphagia were also activated. Experimental findings suggest that the cerebral cortex has obvious hemisphere lateralization in response to swallowing, and patients with recurrent cerebral infarction with central dysphagia show compensatory recombination phenomena of neurological functions. In rehabilitative treatment, using the favorite food of patients can stimulate swallowing through visual, auditory, and other nerve conduction pathways, thus promoting compensatory recombination of the central cortex functions.
Phase Transformation Behavior and Microstructural Control of High-Cr Martensitic/Ferritic Heat-resistant Steels for Power and Nuclear Plants: A Review

The martensitic/ferritic steels have been used as boiler and turbine materials in power plants, and also been selected as potential materials for structural materials in nuclear reactors. In this paper, the kinetic analysis of the martensite formation and microstructural control of high-Cr martensitic/ferritic steels are reviewed. A modular approach, incorporating Fisher partitioning nucleation and anisotropic growth for impingement, was proposed to describe the martensite formation kinetics under different cooling rates. The kinetic analysis suggested a thermal-activated growth feature occurring during the martensitic transformation of martensitic steels. The microstructure can be tuned by composition optimization and various combinations of heat treatment parameters (temperature, time, severe and minor deformation). For the application in power plant, the potential of boundary-design, refinement of original austenite grain size and the final martensitic lath, pinning effect of stable carbides, in improving the performances of martensitic/ferritic steels at elevated temperatures should be investigated more thoroughly. Furthermore, efforts should be made to explore the effects of retained austenite on the improvement of high-temperature creep strength. For the application of nuclear plants, attempts should also be made to produce Fe powders with uniformly distributed oxide particles by chemical reactions.
胎儿肾上腺神经母细胞瘤并出生后术后肝转移1例

肾上腺区神经母细胞瘤需与肾母细胞瘤鉴别,前者来自肾外,肾虽受压移位,但可测及完整肾脏回声;后者肿瘤来自肾,正常肾的回声消失或残缺。由于发生部位隐匿,无特异症状,难以早期诊断,但在胎儿肾上腺区发现占位性病变时,需警惕本病。
大脑后部皮质萎缩并癫痫发作1例

大脑后部皮质萎缩(posterior cortical atrophy,PCA)是因大脑枕部和顶枕联络区皮质萎缩而导致的一种神经变性疾病,临床表现为伴有视觉感知、空间记忆和视空间功能缺损的痴呆症状。目前将PCA分为两类,一类为背侧通路(顶叶、顶枕叶皮层)受损为主,另一类腹侧通路(颞枕叶皮层)受损为主。其中更少见的类型会有严重的枕叶皮层受累又称为视力受累变异型,以发病后视力丧失及基本认知功能受损为主要表现。PCA被认为是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)的变异型,因为大部分PCA患者的脑部病理为AD的病理表现。皮质基底节变性、Pick病、路易体痴呆、阮蛋白病的病理改变也可以见于PCA患者中。关于后皮层萎缩的病例国内少有报道,2011年孔晶晶等[4]曾发表病例报告,在此我们报告1例PCA并癫痫发作的患者。
Adsorption of arsenate on lanthanum-impregnated activated alumina: In situ ATR-FTIR and two-dimensional correlation analysis study

Lanthanum modified materials have been widely used for the removal of hazardous anions. In this study, in situ ATR-FTIR and two-dimensional correlation analysis were employed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of arsenate (As(V)) on lanthanum-impregnated activated alumina (LAA). Our results showed that electrostatic interaction attracted As(V) anions to the LAA surface, and then As(V) could form monodentate configuration on the LAA surface at pH 5–9. The result of 2D-COS showed that two coexistent adsorbed As(V) species, H_2AsO_4~- and HAsO_4~(2-), were adsorbed on the LAA surface without specific sequence at different pH conditions, indicating a negligible role of the incorporated protons of As(V) on the adsorption affinity to LAA surface. The results of this study reveal insights into LAA surface complexes on the molecular scale and provide theoretical support to new metal oxides design for efficient arsenic removal.
Encapsulation of superparamagnetic Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core/shell nanoparticles in MnO_2 microflowers with high surface areas

Microflowers made of interconnected MnO_2 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized in a microwave reactor through a hydrothermal reduction of KMnO_4 with aqueous HCl at elevated temperatures in the presence of superparamagnetic Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core–shell nanoparticles. Due to the chemical compatibility between SiO_2 and MnO_2, the heterogeneous reaction leads to the spontaneous encapsulation of the Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core–shell nanoparticles in the MnO_2 microflowers. The resulting hybrid particles exhibit multiple properties including high surface area associated with the MnO_2 nanosheets and superparamagnetism originated from the Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core–shell nanoparticles, which are beneficial for applications requiring both high surface area and magnetic separation.
Application of 2D fluorescence correlation method to investigate the dilution-induced heterogeneous distribution of the bound FMN in azoreductase

AzoR is a homodimeric, flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-containing, NADH-dependent azoreductase from Escherichia coli. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the concentration of both AzoR and R59G on the spectral behavior of the bound FMN using two-dimensional fluorescence correlation spectra. Two cross peaks (530, 490) and (580, 530) were observed from the dilution-induced 2D asynchronous correlation map of wt AzoR, while only one cross peak appeared at (600, 530) for R59G mutant. This result indicated that the mutation at site 59 influenced the formation of dilution-induced intermediates. The specific activity of both AzoR and R59G mutant was unaffected by dilution when the enzyme concentration is below 1 mmol/L, which suggested that no significant dissociation of FMN occurred at low concentrations. Additionally, in order to explore the origin of these intermediates, we carried out a 2D correlation analysis using excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results showed that there coexisted two types of FMN that emitted fluorescence at 530 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that the 2D method is a very powerful method to identify the heterogeneous distribution of the bound FMN in solution.
Two-dimensional correlation analysis of continuous online in situ ATR-FTIR on the adsorption of butyl xanthate at the surface of α-PbO

The adsorption behavior of butyl xanthate on the surface of lead oxide was investigated using continuous online in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy technique and two dimensional (2D) correlation analysis. The adsorbed layer studied was prepared by coating α-PbO particles onto the surfaces of the ZnSe crystal. The appearance of spectral peaks at 1203 cm~(-1), 1033 cm~(-1) and their red shift indicated the formation and aggregation of xanthate at the surface of α-PbO. According to IR intensity changes after rinsing with deionized water and a NaOH solution, the adsorption was proved to be a chemisorption type. The competition between xanthate and OH~- for the surfaces leads to desorption of xanthate at higher pH. The technique of 2D correlation ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the changing order of spectral intensities in the adsorption process, and the results indicated that xanthate micelles were formed at the surfaces. The adsorption kinetics of butyl xanthate was found to be a pseudo-second-order reaction model and the adsorption capacity of butyl xanthate at α-PbO was as high as 281 mg g~(-1) after 150 min.
加减凉膈散治疗放射性口腔炎有效性的随机对照研究

放疗或联合化放疗是鼻咽癌的标准治疗方法。接受放射治疗的患者中,有80% ~ 100%出现了放射性口腔黏膜炎。射线损伤口腔黏膜,造成口腔黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂、溃疡等,严重影响患者的生活质量,进而影响放疗的实施和完成。较高放射剂量显示出更好的临床疗效,而预防口腔炎的发生、发展,提高患者对高剂量射线的耐受对于鼻咽癌的治疗疗效至关重要。本研究采用加减凉膈散防治放射性口腔黏膜炎取得较好效果,现报道如下。