mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Pollutant removal from municipal wastewater employing baffled subsurface flow and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetlands

This article reports pollutant removal performances of baffled subsurface flow, and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetland units, when arranged in series for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Bangladesh. The wetland units (of the hybrid system) included organic, inorganic media, and were planted with nineteen types of macrophytes. The wetland train was operated under hydraulic loading fluctuation and seasonal variation. The performance analyses (across the wetland units) illustrated simultaneous denitrification and organics removal rates in the first stage vertical flow wetland, due to organic carbon leaching from the employed organic media. Higher mean organics removal rates (656.0 g COD/(m~2?day)) did not completely inhibit nitrification in the first stage vertical flow system; such pattern could be linked to effective utilization of the trapped oxygen, as the flow was directed throughout the media by the baffle walls. Second stage horizontal flow wetland showed enhanced biodegradable organics removal, which depleted organic carbon availability for denitrification. The final stage integrated wetland system allowed further nitrogen removal from wastewater, via nutrient uptake by plant roots (along with nitrification), and generation of organic carbon (by the dead macrophytes) to support denitrification. The system achieved higher E. coli mortality through protozoa predation, E. coli oxidation, and destruction by UV radiation. In general, enhanced pollutant removal efficiencies as demonstrated by the structurally modified hybrid wetland system signify the necessity of such modification, when operated under adverse conditions such as: substantial input organics loading, hydraulic loading fluctuation, and seasonal variation.
Hybrid constructed wetlands for highly polluted river water treatment and comparison of surface- and subsurface-flow cells

A series of large pilot constructed wetland (CW) systems were constructed near the confluence of an urban stream to a larger river in Xi’an, a northwestern megacity in China, for treating polluted stream water before it entered the receiving water body. Each CW system is a combination of surfaceand subsurface-flow cells with local gravel, sand or slag as substrates and Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis as plants. During a one-year operation with an average surface loading of 0.053 m~3/(m~2_day), the overall COD, BOD, NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removals were 72.7% ± 4.5%, 93.4% ± 2.1%, 54.0% ± 6.3%, 53.9% ± 6.0% and 69.4% ± 4.6%, respectively, which brought about an effective improvement of the river water quality. Surface-flow cells showed better NH3-N removal than their TN removal while subsurface-flow cells showed better TN removal than their NH3-N removal. Using local slag as the substrate, the organic and phosphorus removal could be much improved. Seasonal variation was also found in the removal of all the pollutants and autumn seemed to be the best season for pollutant removal due to the moderate water temperature and well grown plants in the CWs.
Build infrastructure in publishing scientific journals to benefit medical scientists

There is urgent need for medical journals to optimize their publishing processes and strategies to satisfy the huge need for medical scientists to publish their articles,and then obtain better prestige and impact in scientific and research community.These strategies include optimizing the process of peer-review,utilizing open-access publishing models actively,finding ways of saving costs and getting revenue,smartly dealing with research fraud or misconduct,maintaining sound relationship with pharmaceutical companies,and managing to provide relevant and useful information for clinical practitioners and researchers.Scientists,publishers,societies and organizations need to work together to publish internationally renowned medical journals.
A Repairable Geo~X/G/1 Retrial Queue with Bernoulli Feedback and Impatient Customers

This paper deals with a discrete-time batch arrival retrial queue with the server subject to starting failures.Diferent from standard batch arrival retrial queues with starting failures,we assume that each customer after service either immediately returns to the orbit for another service with probabilityθor leaves the system forever with probability 1θ(0≤θ<1).On the other hand,if the server is started unsuccessfully by a customer(external or repeated),the server is sent to repair immediately and the customer either joins the orbit with probability q or leaves the system forever with probability 1 q(0≤q<1).Firstly,we introduce an embedded Markov chain and obtain the necessary and sufcient condition for ergodicity of this embedded Markov chain.Secondly,we derive the steady-state joint distribution of the server state and the number of customers in the system/orbit at arbitrary time.We also derive a stochastic decomposition law.In the special case of individual arrivals,we develop recursive formulae for calculating the steady-state distribution of the orbit size.Besides,we investigate the relation between our discrete-time system and its continuous counterpart.Finally,some numerical examples show the influence of the parameters on the mean orbit size.
Accelerated regeneration of the skeletal muscle in RNF13-knockout mice is mediated by macrophage-secreted IL-4/IL-6 Accelerated regeneration of the skeletal muscle in RNF13-knockout mice is mediated by macrophage-secreted IL-4/IL-6

RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) is a newly identified E3 ligase reported to be functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. In this study, the function of RNF13 in cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle regeneration was investigated using RNF13-knockout mice. RNF13~(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced muscle regeneration —characterized by accelerated satellite cell proliferation—compared with wild-type mice. The expression of RNF13 was remarkably induced in macrophages rather than in the satellite cells of wild-type mice at the very early stage of muscle damage. This result indicated that inflammatory cells are important in RNF13-mediated satellite cell functions. The cytokine levels in skeletal muscles were further analyzed and showed that RNF13~(-/-) mice produced greater amounts of various cytokines than wild-type mice. Among these, IL-4 and IL-6 levels significantly increased in RNF13~(-/-) mice. The accelerated muscle regeneration phenotype was abrogated by inhibiting IL-4/IL-6 action in RNF13~(-/-) mice with blocking antibodies. These results indicate that RNF13 deficiency promotes skeletal muscle regeneration via the effects on satellite cell niche mediated by IL-4 and IL-6.
Dual phosphorylation of Sin1 at T86 and T398 negatively regulates mTORC2 complex integrity and activity

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays essential roles in cell proliferation, survival and metabolism by forming at least two functional distinct multi-protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. External growth signals can be received and interpreted by mTORC2 and further transduced to mTORC1. On the other hand, mTORC1 can sense inner-cellular physiological cues such as amino acids and energy states and can indirectly suppress mTORC2 activity in part through phosphorylation of its upstream adaptors, IRS-1 or Grb10, under insulin or IGF-1 stimulation conditions. To date, upstream signaling pathways governing mTORC1 activation have been studied extensively, while the mechanisms modulating mTORC2 activity remain largely elusive. We recently reported that Sin1, an essential mTORC2 subunit, was phosphorylated by either Akt or S6K in a cellular context-dependent manner. More importantly, phosphorylation of Sin1 at T86 and T398 led to a dissociation of Sin1 from the functional mTORC2 holo-enzyme, resulting in reduced Akt activity and sensitizing cells to various apoptotic challenges. Notably, an ovarian cancer patient-derived Sin1-R81T mutation abolished Sin1-T86 phosphorylation by disrupting the canonical S6K-phoshorylation motif, thereby bypassing Sin1-phosphorylation-mediated suppression of mTORC2 and leading to sustained Akt signaling to promote tumorigenesis. Our work therefore provided physiological and pathological evidence to reveal the biological significance of Sin1 phosphorylation-mediated suppression of the mTOR/Akt oncogenic signaling, and further suggested that misregulation of this process might contribute to Akt hyper-activation that is frequently observed in human cancers.
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into retinal pigment epithelium-like cells by defined factors

The generation of functional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is of great therapeutic interest to the field of regenerative medicine and may provide possible cures for retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although RPE cells can be produced from either embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, direct cell reprogramming driven by lineage-determining transcription factors provides an immediate route to their generation. By monitoring a human RPE specific Best1::GFP reporter, we report the conversion of human fibroblasts into RPE lineage using defined sets of transcription factors. We found that Best1::GFP positive cells formed colonies and exhibited morphological and molecular features of early stage RPE cells. Moreover, they were able to obtain pigmentation upon activation of Retinoic acid (RA) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways. Our study not only established an ideal platform to investigate the transcriptional network regulating the RPE cell fate determination, but also provided an alternative strategy to generate functional RPE cells that complement the use of pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy of retinal degeneration.
The Reconnaissance of Mineral Resources through ASTER Data-Based Image Processing, Interpreting and Ground Inspection in the Jiafushaersu Area, West Junggar, China

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data covering the Jiafushaersu area in Xinjiang were used for mapping lithology and hydrothermal alteration. The study area situates at a potential mineralization zone in relation to small hypabyssal granodiorite or quartz monzonite intrusions along the margin of granitoid batholiths of Darbut foot wall. The false colour composition of bands 521 and the first three principal component analyses (PCA1, PCA2, PCA3) in RGB identify the lithological units and discriminate the small intrusions very well from the adjacent granitoid batholiths. PCA and spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm were employed to discriminate alteration minerals. The results indicate that the hydroxyl-bearing or ferric and less commonly carbonate types show good correlation with the quartz monzonite porphyry and aplite. Field verification led to finding of the Jiafushaersu molybdenum mineralization. The lithological and geochemical features imply that the molybdenum mineralization is close to the porphyry type. This study further verified that the foot wall of the Darbut suture could have served as a more important metallogenic district for the porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits. It is concluded that the ASTER data-based methods can be used as a powerful tool for small intrusion-type mineral resources targeting.
Variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific

Two predominant currents, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Oyashio Current, meet in the North-west Pacific Ocean. The dynamics of physical oceanographic structures in this region, including frontal zones and meandering eddies, result in a highly productive habitat that serves as a favorable feeding ground for various commercially important species. Neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is an im-portant oceanic squid, which is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Based on the catch data col-lected by Chinese squid jigging fleets and relevant environmental data, including sea surface temperature (SST) and fronts (represented by gradients of SST and thermocline) during 1998-2009, the variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of O. bartramii were evaluated, and the differ-ences in distribution of fishing grounds of O. bartramii in 2000 and 2002 were compared by describing the differences in vertical temperature between 0-300 m. It was found that the preferred horizontal tem-perature gradient of SST for O. bartramii tended to be centered at 0.01-0.02°C/nm, which attracted nearly 80% of the total fishing effort, and the preferred horizontal temperature gradients at the 50 m and 105 m layers were mainly located at 0.01-0.03°C/nm, which accounted for more than 70%of the total fishing effort during August-October. The preferred vertical temperature gradient within the 0-50 m layer for O. bartramii tended to be centered at 0.15-0.25°C/m during August and September and at 0.10-0.15°C/m in October, implying that the mixed surface layer was distributed at depths of 0-50 m. It was concluded that the vertical temperature gradient was more important than the horizontal temperature gradient in playing a role in forming the fishing ground. The results improved our understanding of the spatial dynamics of the O. bartramii fishery.
Basic Soil Productivity of Spring Maize in Black Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization Based on DSSAT Model

Increasing basic farmland soil productivity has signiifcance in reducing fertilizer application and maintaining high yield of crops. In this study, we deifned that the basic soil productivity (BSP) is the production capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a speciifc crop season under local environment and ifeld management. Based on 22-yr (1990-2011) long-term experimental data on black soil (Typic hapludoll) in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Northeast China, the decision support system for an agro-technology transfer (DSSAT)-CERES-Maize model was applied to simulate the yield by BSP of spring maize (Zea mays L.) to examine the effects of long-term fertilization on changes of BSP and explore the mechanisms of BSP increasing. Five treatments were examined:(1) no-fertilization control (control);(2) chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK); (3) NPK plus farmyard manure (NPKM); (4) 1.5 time of NPKM (1.5NPKM) and (5) NPK plus straw (NPKS). Results showed that after 22-yr fertilization, the yield by BSP of spring maize signiifcantly increased 78.0, 101.2, and 69.4% under the NPKM, 1.5NPKM and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value (in 1992), but not signiifcant under NPK (26.9%increase) and the control (8.9%decrease). The contribution percentage of BSP showed a signiifcant rising trend (P<0.05) under 1.5NPKM. The average contribution percentage of BSP among fertilizations ranged from 74.4 to 84.7%, and ranked as 1.5NPKM>NPKM>NPK≈NPKS, indicating that organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers (1.5NPKM and NPKM) could more effectively increase BSP compared with the inorganic fertilizer application alone (NPK) in the black soil. This study showed that soil organic matter (SOM) was the key factor among various fertility factors that could affect BSP in the black soil, and total N, total P and/or available P also played important role in BSP increasing. Compared with the chemical fertilization, a balanced chemical plus manure or straw fertilization (NPKM or NPKS) not only increased the concentrations of soil nutrient, but also improved the soil physical properties, and structure and diversity of soil microbial population, resulting in an iincrease of BSP. We recommend that a balanced chemical plus manure or straw fertilization (NPKM or NPKS) should be the fertilization practices to enhance spring maize yield and improve BSP in the black soil of Northeast China.
Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil

It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term ifeld experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were: 1) straw incorporation; 2) straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3), 4) and 5) straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha~(-1), respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased signiifcantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the ifrst 4 growing seasons was signiifcantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density signiifcantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha~(-1). Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or signiifcant impacts on nutrient availability.
Does Biochar Addition Inlfuence the Change Points of Soil Phosphorus Leaching?

Phosphorus change point indicating the threshold related to P leaching, largely depends on soil properties. Increasing data have shown that biochar addition can improve soil retention capacity of ions. However, we have known little about weather biochar amendment inlfuence the change point of P leaching. In this study, two soils added with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g biochar kg~(-1) were incubated at 25°C for 14 d following adjusting the soil moisture to 50%water-holding capacity (WHC). The soils with different available Pvalues were then obtained by adding a series of KH_2PO_4 solution (ranging from 0 to 600 mg P kg~(-1) soil), and subjecting to three cycles of drying and rewetting. The results showed that biochar addition signiifcantly lifted the P change points in the tested soils, together with changes in soil pH, organic C, Olen-P and CaCl_2-P but little on exchangeable Ca and Mg, oxalate-extractable Fe and Al. The Olsen-P at the change points ranged from 48.65 to 185.07 mg kg~(-1) in the alluvial soil and 71.25 to 98.65 mg kg~(-1) in the red soil, corresponding to CaCl_2-P of 0.31-6.49 and 0.18-0.45 mg L~(-1), respectively. The change points of the alluvial soil were readily changed by adding biochar compared with that of the red soil. The enhancement of change points was likely to be explained as the improvement of phosphate retention ability in the biochar-added soils.
Effects of Rice Straw and Its Biochar Addition on Soil Labile Carbon and Soil Organic Carbon

Whether the biochar amendment could affect soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and hence soil carbon (C) stock remains poorly understood. Effects of the addition of ~(13)C-labelled rice straw or its pyrolysed biochar at 250 or 350°C to a sugarcane soil (Ferrosol) on soil labile C (dissolved organic C, DOC;microbial biomass C, MBC;and mineralizable C, MC) and soil organic C (SOC) were investigated after 112 d of laboratory incubation at 25°C. Four treatments were examined as (1) the control soil without amendment (Soil);(2) soil plus ~(13)C-labelled rice straw (Soil+Straw);(3) soil plus 250°C biochar (Soil+B250) and (4) soil plus 350°C biochar (Soil+B350). Compared to un-pyrolysed straw, biochars generally had an increased aryl C, carboxyl C, C and nitrogen concentrations, a decreased O-alkyl C and C:N ratio, but similar alkyl C and d~(13)C (1 742-1 877‰). Among treatments, signiifcant higher DOC, MBC and MC derived from the new C (straw or biochar) ranked as Soil+Straw>Soil+B250>Soil+B350, whilst signiifcant higher SOC from the new C as Soil+B250>Soil+Straw≈Soil+B350. Compared to Soil, DOC and MBC derived from the native soil were decreased under straw or biochar addition, whilst MC from the native soil was increased under straw addition but decreased under biochar addition. Meanwhile, native SOC was similar among the treatments, irrespective of the straw or biochar addition. Compared to Soil, signiifcant higher total DOC and total MBC were under Soil+Straw, but not under Soil+B250 and Soil+B350, whilst signiifcant higher total MC and total SOC were under straw or biochar addition, except for MC under Soil+B350. Our results demonstrated that the application of biochar to soil may be an appropriate management practice for increasing soil C storage.
Effect of Crop-Straw Derived Biochars on Pb(II) Adsorption in Two Variable Charge Soils

Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb(II) adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH signiifcantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb(II), and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb(II) adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume-straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb(II) adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb(II) and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb(II) to the soils.
植被复介电常数的测量与模型构建

目标的复介电常数是影响微波辐射和散射特性的重要因素. 在植被定量化的应用研究中, 建立植被具体物理参数与复介电常数之间关系的植被介电特性研究是微波遥感技术发展的基础工作. 本研究选择我国黑河生态水文遥感试验的重点研究区域张掖市进行了6大类植被样本的采集, 并结合矢量网络分析仪E8362B, 利用同轴线探针法在0.2~20 GHz 范围内对样本进行了复介电常数的测量, 其中重点针对玉米叶, 建立了微波传感器常用频点下其重量含水量与其复介电常数实部和虚部之间的经验模型. 最后利用河北省怀来县采集的实测数据对建立的经验模型和经典的Debye-Cole 模型进行了验证和对比. 结果表明, 该经验模型在精度上优于传统的Debye-Cole 模型, 并且具有良好的实用性.
非弹性应变恢复法三维地应力测量——汶川地震科学钻孔中的应用

随着地球动力学和深部能源开发利用等研究工作的不断深入, 深部应力状态的研究越来越重要, 但目前尚没有即经济又简便完善的深部三维地应力测量方法. 基于岩芯的非弹性应变恢复法是近年来发展起来的深部三维应力测量方法. 汶川5·12地震后, 中国大陆首次将该方法应用于科学钻孔的地应力测量. 本文详细介绍了这一方法现场测量岩芯非弹性恢复应变的基本流程, 并对此法测量的岩芯首次开展了岩石非弹性应变恢复柔量的实验研究, 将现场非弹性应变测量与室内非弹性应变恢复柔量实验相结合, 确定汶川地震科学钻一号孔(WFSD-1)1173 m 处最大主应力方向为NW64°, 实测得到岩石的剪切与体积模式非弹性应变恢复柔量的比值为2.9, 计算得到最大、中间和最小主应力分别为43, 28和25 MPa. 结合龙门山地区其他方法的地应力测量结果, 表明龙门山断裂带从NE 到SW 现今最大主应力作用方向表现为由EW→NEE→NWW 的变化规律, 龙门山断裂带现今地应力作用方向的分段性特征与5·12汶川地震时龙门山断裂带西南段逆冲为主, 东北段走滑为主的运动特点相吻合, 研究结果对于认识汶川地震的动力学机制具有一定参考价值.
小鼠乳腺发育的转录组学研究—怀孕哺乳周期乳腺的关键调控基因

乳腺是哺乳动物特有的器官, 90%的发育过程集中在出生之后. 此外, 在生殖过程中乳腺发育会经历怀孕、哺乳和退化3个阶段(称为怀孕哺乳周期). 为了在转录组水平上更好地了解乳腺发育的机制, 利用核糖体RNA 去除法构建了小鼠乳腺3个时期(怀孕12天、哺乳14天和退化7天)的总RNA 文库, 每个文库产出的数据量均大于5×10~7条reads. 3个文库分别得到17344, 10160和13739个蛋白编码基因以及1803, 828和1288个ncRNAs. 其中, 从怀孕期到哺乳期有4843个差异表达基因(包括749个上调表达的基因和4094个下调表达的基因); 从哺乳期到退化期共有4926个差异表达基因(包括4706个上调表达和220个下调表达的基因). 此外,还观察到与溶酶体酶相关的基因在哺乳期乳腺中有较高的表达. 通过对转录因子及ncRNAs 的分析, 还得到一些可能在乳腺发育的不同时期有重要调控作用的调控因子基因(如转录因子基因Trps1, Gtf2i, Tcf7l2, Nupr1, Vdr, Rb1和Aebp1; miRNA 基因mir-125b, Let-7, mir-146a 和 mir-15等).
生物大灭绝研究三十年

历次生物大灭绝除具有若干共同特征外, 各自更存在许多特点, 重视和阐释产生各大灭绝的环境差异与不同板块、相区、剖面中不同门类、类群和属种应对大灭绝的适应差异, 是深化理解大灭绝的重要内容. 化石采集、系统分类和精时地层研究是探索生物大灭绝的根基和关键; 从生物多样性的丧失和生态系的变革这两方面来揭示大灭绝后的生物世界; 从地球系统学的视角来探索大灭绝发生的复杂机制, 重视多种外因(包括古气候, 如古温度)的剧变对生命演化的影响. 气候变化既可导致生物大灭绝, 也可能有利于生物大辐射, 笼统地说“由全球变暖或变冷引发大灭绝”是不合适的. 就古温度而言, 聚焦研究大灾变前的温度, 温度剧变的幅度、历程和频率等四方面尤为重要. 与其他学科的交叉研究是探索同期环境背景和生物演变的综合途径. 大灭绝带给物种的选择压力是通过其自身适应和应对策略体现的, 所以, 在探索生物与环境的协同演化的同时,也要探讨生物门类之间和物种本身对环境剧变的适应演化.