mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
A bottleneck-free model for P4P

Provider Portal for Applications (P4P) is a model aiming to incorporate (peer to peer) P2P applications with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and improve the performance of the both ISP and the P2P applications. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between the link traffic and the P-distance, which is the core interface of P4P. In addition, the limitation of P4P in dealing with network applications having bot-tleneck links is illustrated. Furthermore, taking link utility function as the optimization objective, we propose a Bottleneck-Free model for P4P (BFP), making the traffic produced by P2P applications more homogeneous, which can reduce the peak link utilization, protect bottleneck links, and thereby improve both the network efficiency and the P2P performance. We have built a simulation platform based on BitTorrent and conducted extensive simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that BFP achieves a lower cost for ISPs and a better performance for P2P applications than P4P and native P2P applications, both in intra-domain and inter-domain settings. BFP performs steadily in different topologies and swarm sizes, proving that it is scalable and easy to deploy.
Sunlight-driven reduction of silver ion to silver nanoparticle by organic matter mitigates the acute toxicity of silver to Daphnia magna

Due to the unique antibacterial activities, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in commercial products. Anthropogenic activities have released considerable AgNPs as well as highly toxic silver ion (Ag~+) into the aquatic environment. Our recent study revealed that ubiquitous natural organic matter (NOM) could reduce Ag~+ to AgNP under natural sunlight. However, the toxic effect of this process is not well understood. In this work, we prepared mixture solution of Ag~+ and AgNPs with varied Ag+% through the sunlight-driven reduction of Ag~+ by NOM and investigated the acute toxicity of the solutions on Daphnia magna. Formation of AgNPs was demonstrated and characterized by comprehensive techniques and the fraction of unconverted Ag~+ was determined by ultrafiltration-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination. The formation of AgNPs enhanced significantly with the increasing of solution pH and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation of sunlight. The toxicity of the resulting solution was further investigated by using freshwater crustacean D. magna as a model and an 8 hr-median lethal concentration (LC_(50)) demonstrated that the reduction of Ag~+ by NOM to AgNPs significantly mitigated the acute toxicity of silver. These results highlight the importance of sunlight and NOM in the fate, transformation and toxicity of Ag~+ and AgNPs, and further indicate that the acute toxicity of AgNPs should be mainly ascribed to the dissolved Ag~+ from AgNPs.
动脉导管未闭并艾森曼格综合征介入封堵获得成功1例

我们推测艾森曼格综合征临床症状跟肺血管病变严重程度不一定完全相符, 或许这些临床表现仅仅是肺血管痉挛、缺损较大以及心腔内压力直接传导所致。如果使用试封堵试验来评估艾森曼格综合征的血流动力学指标,可能结果能够更让人信服。目前试封堵试验阳性标准包括(同时满足):肺动脉收缩压≥20 mmHg;主动脉压无明显下降;动脉血氧饱和度不变或上升;无明显不适症状。本例报道患者已经进入艾森曼格综合征期,虽然最开始的右心导管检查血流动力学指标并不令人满意, 以及肺血管扩张试验阴性,但我们认为这与患者肺血管痉挛、直径粗大的PDA 传到主动脉有关。急性肺血管扩张试验这一标准多用于诊断特发性肺动脉高压患者,在先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者中很难准确评估,因为在吸入万他维的作用下肌性肺小动脉会发生扩张,阻力降低,此时左向右的分流将会加大,肺部的容量负荷进一步增加,理应下降的肺动脉压力得到了容量、压力传递两方面的弥补,肺血管的压力改变难以得到体现,因此肺血管扩张试验在先心病相关性肺动脉高压中的评估意义有限。相比之下,试封堵试验完全闭塞分流通道,至容量及压力无法传导,可准确地体现出在无压力传导和容量负荷时的真实肺血管压力和阻力。本例试封堵试验指标阳性,因此最终释放了封堵器,在随访中我们加用肺动脉高压的靶向药物治疗,随访1年,患者的生活质量得到了明显的提高,复查心脏超声令人满意,该患者的中期随访仍在继续。
Optimization of process parameters of aluminum alloy AA 2014-T6 friction stir welds by response surface methodology

The heat treatable aluminum-copper alloy AA2014 finds wide application in the aerospace and defence industry due to its high strength-toweight ratio and good ductility. Friction stir welding(FSW) process, an emerging solid state joining process, is suitable for joining this alloy compared to fusion welding processes. This work presents the formulation of a mathematical model with process parameters and tool geometry to predict the responses of friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy, viz yield strength, tensile strength and ductility. The most influential process parameters considered are spindle speed, welding speed, tilt angle and tool pin profile. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was used and a response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to develop the regression models to predict the responses.The mechanical properties, such as yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and percentage elongation(%El), are considered as responses. Method of analysis of variance was used to determine the important process parameters that affect the responses. Validation trials were carried out to validate these results. These results indicate that the friction stir welds of AA 2014-T6 aluminum alloy welded with hexagonal tool pin profile have the highest tensile strength and elongation, whereas the joints fabricated with conical tool pin profile have the lowest tensile strength and elongation.
Gas tungsten arc welding of ZrB_2-SiC based ultra high temperature ceramic composites

The difficulty in fabricating the large size or complex shape limits the application of ZrB_2-SiC composites. Joining them by fusion welding without or with preheating, controlled cooling under protective gas shield leads to thermal shock failure or porosity at the weld interface. In the present work, a filler material of(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) composite with oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance was produced in the form of welding wire. Using the filler, gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) was performed without employing preheating, post controlled cooling and extraneous protective gas shield to join hot pressed ZrB_2-SiC(ZS), and pressureless sintered ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG(ZSBY) composites to themselves. The fusion welding resulted in cracking and non-uniform joining without any filler material. The weld interfaces of the composites were very clean and coherent. The Vickers micro-hardness across the weld interface was found to increase due to the increase in the volume % of both SiC and B_4C in the filler material. The shear strength of the weld was about 50% of the flextural strength of the parent composite.
Development of a toy column model and its application in testing cumulus convection parameterizations

A single-column model is constructed based on parameterizations inherited from the Finite-volume/Spectral Atmospheric Model F/SAMIL and tested in simulations of tropical convective systems. Two representative convection schemes are compared in terms of their performances on precipitation types, individual physical tendencies, and temperature and moisture fields. The main difference between the two selected schemes is in their representation of entraining/detraining process. The Tiedtke scheme assumes bulk entrainment, while the Zhang–McFarlane scheme parameterizes entrainment/detrainment rates under the spectrum concept. Large-scale forcing and verification data are taken from the GATE phase III field campaign, during which abundant convective events were observed. Given the same triggering function and closure assumption, results show that entrainment/detrainment representation remains the dominant factor on the simulation of cumulus mass flux and of temperature and moisture fields. By analyzing sources and sinks of heat and moisture, this study reveals how parameterization components compensate for each other and make model results insensitive to parameterization changes in certain fields, thus suggesting the need to treat parameterizations as systems rather than individual components.
Solid state fermentation of rapeseed cake with Aspergillus niger for degrading glucosinolates and upgrading nutritional value

Background:Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances,such as glucosinolates(GIs),phytic acid,tannins etc.In the present study,a solid state fermentation(SSF) using Aspergillus niger was carried out with the purpose of degrading glucosinolates and improving the nutritional quality of rapeseed cake(RSC).The effects of medium composition and incubation conditions on the GIs content in fermented rapeseed cake(FRSC) were investigated,and chemical composition and amino acid in vitro digestibility of RSC substrate fermented under optimal conditions were determined.Results:After 72 h of incubation at 34℃,a 76.89%decrease in GIs of RSC was obtained in solid medium containing 70%RSC,30%wheat bran at optimal moisture content 60%(w/w).Compared to unfermented RSC,trichloroacetic acid soluble protein(TCA-SP),crude protein and ether extract contents of the FRSC were increased(P< 0.05) 103.71,23.02 and 23.54%,respectively.As expected,the contents of NDF and phytic acid declined(P< 0.05) by 9.12 and 44.60%,respectively.Total amino acids(TAA) and essential amino acids(EAA) contents as well as AA in vitro digestibility of FRSC were improved significantly(P< 0.05).Moreover,the enzyme activity of endoglucanase,xylanase,acid protease and phytase were increased(P<0.05) during SSF.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the solid state fermentation offers an effective approach to improving the quality of proteins sources such as rapeseed cake.
Developmental programming:the role of growth hormone

Developmental programming of the fetus has consequences for physiologic responses in the offspring as an adult and,more recently,is implicated in the expression of altered phenotypes of future generations.Some phenotypes,such as fertility,bone strength,and adiposity are highly relevant to food animal production and in utero factors that impinge on those traits are vital to understand.A key systemic regulatory hormone is growth hormone(GH),which has a developmental role in virtually all tissues and organs.This review catalogs the impact of GH on tissue programming and how perturbations early in development influence GH function.
Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring

Background: Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council requirements from d 31 ± 1.3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed (CON), restricted-fed (RES) or over-fed (OVER) ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth (n = 18) or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo (n = 15). Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis. Results: Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased in RES (58%) and OVER (47%) lambs at 1 d of age (P< 0.01); however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively (P< 0.01). Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER (212.4%) and RES (92.5%) at d 1 (P< 0.0001). Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo (P< 0.0001). At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER (P = 0.07) than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER (P = 0.04) and tended to increase in RES (P = 0.06) compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression (P > 0.3). Phosphorylated Akt (ser473) was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON (P = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.
Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

Background: The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli (E. coli) for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy. primiparous Holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live E. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At-12, 0, 3, 6, 12,18, 24, 36,48,60, 72, 96,108,120,132, 144,156,168,180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coli. Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12,12, 24, 36, 48,60, 72, 84, 96,132 and 180 h relative to challenge (h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free glucose (fglu), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6,12,18, 24, 36,60, 72, 84,132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results: By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased (P <0.05) by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased (12 h;P <0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ± 0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA (18 h) and glucose (24 h) were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge.In milk, fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusions: Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield. However, the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis. Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI. Decreases in both milk lactose yield and % after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose. Rises in G6P yield and concentration in milk after challenge (24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6P. Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E. coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.
潮汐应力对2007年M_s6.4宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程的影响

在潮汐库仑破裂应力计算和相关性检验的基础上,采用速率-状态依赖性摩擦本构关系,进行潮汐应力对宁洱地震震源断层成核失稳过程影响的数值模拟研究,并讨论潮汐正应力和潮汐剪应力在潮汐应力触发中的作用,以及应力的振幅和周期振荡性对潮汐触发的影响.结果发现,宁洱地震与潮汐应力之间存在潮汐触发相关性.宁洱地震震源断层的成核过程存在一个转变周期,当潮汐应力周期接近和大于转变周期时,潮汐应力的周期性将直接影响潮汐触发作用的效果.潮汐应力振幅值的增加也有助于潮汐应力对断层地震成核失稳过程的影响,正应力和剪应力振幅值的影响效果差别不大,但是潮汐剪应力比正应力能更迅速的起到潮汐触发作用.潮汐应力触发地震的过程中,主要是正值的潮汐正应力和剪应力对地震起到触发作用,而负值的潮汐应力对断层的影响小于正值的潮汐应力,断层对负的潮汐应力不敏感.
全球第一个综合高分辨率土地覆盖图-中国30 m分辨率全球土地覆盖图评述

土地覆盖是研究人类活动与气候变化复杂的交互作用的重要基础.遥感土地覆盖制图是一个传统但仍然非常活跃的领域.在过去的45年中,全世界大约有3万多篇关于土地覆盖制图的文章发表,其中包括中文论文约1万篇.然而,这些研究绝大多数聚焦在局地尺度,极少数的研究关注全球土地覆盖制图,而且其空间分辨率较粗(300~1000 m).
多年冻土区青藏铁路路基的长期热状况

基于青藏铁路楚玛尔河试验段10年(2003~2013)的地温监测资料,对青藏铁路4种典型路基结构的长期热状况进行了对比分析.结果表明,不同路基结构的长期热状况表现出较大的差异.普通路基与块石基底路基地温场存在明显的不对称分布,表明以上两种路基结构不利于路基的长期热稳定.但块石护坡路基与U型块石路基的地温场分布则表现出了较好的对称性.尽管块石护坡路基下浅层冻土地温存在一定的降温过程,但深层多年冻土却呈现出缓慢升温趋势,显示U型块石路基的热稳定性要优于块石护坡路基.被监测的4种路基结构中, U型块石路基在降低多年冻土温度与提高路基地温场对称性方面表现出了最佳的长期效应.基于青藏铁路10年的监测结果,充分肯定了主动冷却路基设计思路在保护冻土路基长期热稳定性方面的有效性,同时采用冷却路基技术的青藏铁路也达到了时速100 km h~(-1)的设计要求.尽管如此,由于坡向效应所导致的路基左右路肩下的热差异存在于所有监测的路基结构中,但不同结构的热差异幅度不同,并将可能导致路基发生潜在的非均匀性沉降变形,因此需要在后续的维护工程中进行调整.
秦岭造山带花岗质岩浆作用与造山带演化

秦岭复合造山带是探讨多期岩浆与造山作用关系的典型地区,已进行了不少研究和总结,但一些认识仍然不同.本文试图在前人研究的基础上,再做一些总结和讨论.依据最新的锆石年龄分期、相应的岩石组合和变形特征等,秦岭造山带花岗质岩浆作用主要可以分为新元古代(979~711 Ma)、古生代(507~400 Ma)、早中生代(250~185 Ma)和晚中生代(160~100 Ma).其中,新元古代花岗质岩浆作用分为979~911, 894~815和759~711 Ma三个阶段,分别对应强变形S型(花岗质片麻岩)、弱变形I型到无变形A型花岗岩,显示同碰撞(979~911 Ma)到后碰撞(894~815 Ma)和碰撞后(759~711 Ma)伸展裂解的花岗岩浆演化特点,可能是扬子-塔里木克拉通等中国古老陆块新元古代构造岩浆事件在秦岭古老地块的反映,该地块卷入到显生宙秦岭造山带中,故新元古代岩浆事件并非为秦岭造山作用的产物.古生代花岗质岩浆作用也可划分为507~470,460~422和415~400 Ma三个演化阶段,早期阶段伴随超高压变质作用;三个阶段分别解释为俯冲、同碰撞和后碰撞环境.早中生代花岗质岩浆作用可分为两个阶段:早期(250~235 Ma)以石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等I型为主;晚期(235~185 Ma)以花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩为主,显示I, I-A和A型花岗岩的演化特点,并出现环斑结构花岗岩.秦岭早中生代花岗质岩石的年龄和主要地球化学指标(如A/CNK、K_2O/Na_2O和εNd(t))显示,垂直俯冲-碰撞带方向没有极性变化,因此,不宜用俯冲解释全部花岗岩,而解释为形成于勉略洋俯冲到闭合-扬子克拉通与秦岭地块碰撞环境.晚中生代花岗质岩浆作用也可分为160~130和120~100 Ma两个阶段,显示从I型-I-A过渡型-A型的演变趋势,与中国东部侏罗纪与白垩纪之交的挤压向伸展转变的花岗质岩浆演化趋势一致,可能属于同一环太平洋岩浆带,与古太平洋俯冲的远程陆缘或陆内效应有关.
我国生物技术服务外包产业发展浅析

现今,人们对IT、医药技术服务外包已经非常熟悉了,但对生物技术行业的研发外包服务产业尚不太了解,对其的认知可能仅局限于生物技术科研服务。近年来,生物技术服务外包产业发展迅速,目前已有很多生物技术服务公司。而且,我国政府也对其高度重视,先后在上海、北京、广州和无锡等地成立了生物技术服务外包联盟。基于此,我们对我国生物技术服务外包产业的现状及发展对策进行分析,以期助力我国生物技术服务外包产业的健康快速发展。
乳磨牙乳侧切牙埋伏阻生伴恒牙胚异位1例

牙齿萌出过程中任何萌出机制缺陷或萌出道上的机械障碍,都可能导致牙齿萌出失败。乳牙埋伏罕见,常见于下颌第二乳磨牙,乳侧切牙仅见少量报道。笔者遇到双侧上颌乳侧切牙埋伏阻生,同时双侧下颂第二乳磨牙埋伏阻生伴第二前磨牙异位于第一恒磨牙舌侧上方1例,现对此进行报道。
"社区卫生与医疗保险"主题研讨

"主题论坛"栏目针对全科医学/社区卫生服务领域的热点问题,邀请行业内的专家,从不同的层面、角度进行主题阐述,这里面有成绩的展示,也有问题的提出。希望能够引起广大社区卫生服务工作者进一步的思考,同时也希望各位读者能够提出问题与建议,共同探讨。本期"社区卫生与医疗保险"主题研讨是对社区卫生服务机构医保相关政策、运行情况及现存问题进行的讨论,旨在为社区卫生管理和医保管理工作的相互交流提供平台,为医保政策在社区卫生服务机构的健全完善奠定基础,为社区卫生工作的长足发展建立机制,期望与全国同行共享!
产前诊断妊娠中期三倍体综合征五例

目的探讨母体血清学筛查-产前超声筛查-染色体核型分析的序贯诊断模式在产前诊断三倍体胎儿中的应用价值。方法对2008年10月至2014年4月,无锡市妇幼保健院产前诊断中心确诊为三倍体综合征的5例患者的血清学指标、超声特征、染色体结果及临床表现进行综合分析。结果(1)母体血清学筛查:1例行妊娠早期唐氏综合征筛查,结果发现游离绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位(free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin,free β-hCG)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白A均明显低于正常;4例行妊娠中期唐氏综合征筛查,结果free β-hCG和游离雌三醇也显著低于正常;5例患者均为18-三体高风险。(2)产前超声筛查:5例胎儿均呈不对称性胎儿生长受限、小胎盘、羊水偏少;体位均不同程度受限,脊柱异常弯曲,始终保持极度俯屈状态;合并并指畸形2例、单脐动脉2例、心脏畸形2例。(3)胎儿染色体核型分析:5例三倍体胎儿中1例为69,XXY,4例为69,XXX。结论三倍体胎儿母体血清学筛查、超声筛查均有特征性异常表现,提示需行核型分析明确诊断。序贯诊断模式对产前诊断中尽早确诊三倍体胎儿并进行临床干预具有重要价值。
子痫前期相关指南对解痉及抗凝治疗的推荐及临床困惑

子痫前期是严重威胁母胎健康的妊娠期特有疾病。硫酸镁作为子痫前期解痉治疗的一线用药,已广泛应用于临床,但实际应用中仍然有一些困惑,比如诊断重度子痫前期后硫酸镁解痉究竟该用多长时间,轻度子痫前期是否要应用硫酸镁,硫酸镁对胎儿有哪些影响等。另外,由于子痫前期患者血小板激活、微血栓形成,子痫前期与高凝状态相关,抗凝问题也越来越得到重视。发生子痫前期后能否在解痉、镇静和降压等治疗基础上,补加抗凝治疗,抗凝治疗效果如何等尚不明确。现依据我国妊娠期高血压疾病诊治指南(2012版)及世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)、加拿大、美国、德国、新西兰等相关指南,并结合临床处理经验对子痫前期解痉及抗凝的药物、用药时间等进行阐述。
辅助生殖子代胎盘PEG10基因表达及其甲基化情况

目的探讨辅助生殖子代胎盘中印记基因PEG10的表达及启动子区甲基化状态,并分析两者的关系。方法运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术、免疫组织化学、蛋白质印迹法及甲基化特异性PCR技术检测2010年12月至2012年5月在郑州大学第三附属医院行剖宫产分娩的30例通过辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology, ART)妊娠(ART组)和30例行剖宫产分娩的自然妊娠子代(对照组)胎盘中PEG10的表达及其启动子区甲基化状态,并分析两者的关系。采用两独立样本t检验、χ~2检验和2×2配对资料的关联性分析方法对数据进行统计学分析。结果ART组PEG10 mRNA的相对表达量高于对照组(0.99±0.51与0.70±0.44),差异有统计学意义(t=2.504,P=0.015)。ART组PEG10蛋白质表达阳性率和表达水平均高于对照组[分别为66.7%(20/30)与25.0%(12/30),χ~2=4.286; 0.70± 0.08与0.33± 0.04,t=3.646],差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。ART组甲基化阳性率低于对照组[分别为30.0%(9/30)与56.7%(17/30)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.344,P=0.037)。ART组甲基化部分的PEG10相对表达量低于非甲基化部分(0.66±0.31与1.14±0.44,t=2.947, P=0.006)。PEG10甲基化状态与表达相关(r=0.420,P=0.035)。结论ART子代胎盘中PEG10表达上调,可能导致ART孕妇发生子痫前期和胎儿生长受限及其子代发生低出生体重儿的风险增加。PEG10表达与其甲基化状态有负相关倾向,启动子区甲基化可能是其表达调节方式之一。
早产儿输血相关合并症及输血策略

新生儿尤其是早产儿生后容易发生贫血,早产儿胎龄越小、出生体重越低,贫血越严重,甚至可能需要频繁输血,而狭义的输血概念专指输注红细胞。早产儿输血涉及一系列问题,包括贫血原因、输血指征、目标血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、输血风险、替代治疗等。近年来临床研究发现,人们极力倡导的限制性输血策略对神经发育的影响具有不确定性。现主要对早产儿输血相关合并症及输血策略进行综述。
妊娠晚期卵巢表面血管破裂出血二例

本报道的2例患者在疾病演变过程中均没有典型的临床表现,仅表现为轻度腹痛及强度较弱的不规则宫缩,临床医师首先考虑为先兆临产或早产,进一步检查排除胎盘早剥。随症状加重,外科医师介入处理,仍未明确诊断。例1为急性出血,失血速度较快,导致休克,出现胎儿窘迫,急诊手术取出胎儿后,新生儿抢救无效死亡。例2为慢性出血,失血速度较慢,症状不典型,按"先兆早产"给予硫酸镁解痉和扩张血管治疗,加重了病情发展,导致休克发生,延误治疗,致使腹腔内积血超过2 000 ml,亦出现胎儿窘迫征象。这2例患者的临床特点可总结为:(1)症状不典型:妊娠期子宫膨大明显,牵拉韧带可能产生疼痛。膨大的子宫覆盖盆、腹腔各脏器,下腹部疾病引起疼痛症状不明显。产科医师容易首先考虑妊娠晚期常见并发症,如先兆早产、胎盘早剥和子宫破裂等,思维受到局限。(2)体征不典型:妊娠时子宫将腹壁牵拉扩张,反应性降低,肌紧张不明显,导致妊娠期急腹症不易早期识别及诊断。(3)辅助检查有局限:妊娠期血液稀释,使红细胞压积下降,但白细胞计数上升,红细胞沉降率增快,血清碱性磷酸酶和淀粉酶亦有上升,临床医师对这些指标的评价较困难。B超发现盆腹腔积液对明确诊断非常有意义。但是由于巨大子宫压迫,积液分布全腹,B超检查很难发现盆腔积液。故B超检查时,应特别注意上腹部和肝肾隐窝等部位积液情况,必要时行B超引导下穿刺。腹部X线透视或摄片可发现盆腹腔积液有助诊断。
大气颗粒物对妊娠和胎儿发育的影响

大气污染对社会经济发展有多方面的负面影响,其中最直接、最严重的是对暴露人群的危害。因此,大气污染的健康效应研究是大气污染相关研究中最为重要的环节。大气颗粒物(particulate matter, PM)是大气污染物中对健康影响最显著的成分。鉴于孕妇及胎儿是大气污染不良效应的易感群体,现对PM对妊娠和胎儿发育影响的研究进展进行简要介绍。
喜炎平注射液在肺癌根治术后患者中的应用

肺癌是我国目前肿瘤死亡的首要原因,并且发病率持续升高,以外科手术为主的综合治疗一直是非小细胞肺癌首选的治疗方案。肺癌根治术后痰潴留是导致肺不张、肺部感染的重要因素之一,增加了继发呼吸、循环衰竭的危险性,直接影响患者预后。笔者在肺癌根治术后应用喜炎平注射液,能够改善患者术后临床症状、减少术后并发症、缩短术后住院时间,现报道如下。
肾上腺结核引起原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症病一例

肾上腺结核致原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症的治疗主要为小剂量激素替代,针对病因的治疗及避免应激。根据是否有活动性结核病灶,给予正规抗结核治疗6?18个月。结核感染活动期的有效治疗非常重要。肾上腺具有强大的再生能力,病程<1年的肾上腺低功能患者,抗结核治疗后肾上腺皮质功能有望恢复正常。激素替代治疗一般仅用糖皮质激素治疗即可,无需使用盐皮质激素。激素首选氢化可的松,其最符合生理性,特别是对于肝功能严重不全者,常规生理替代量氢化可的松每天早上20 mg,下午10 mg口服(或泼尼松5?7.5 mg)。虽然原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症激素缺乏大多为混合型,即糖皮质激素和潴钠激素均缺乏,但氢化可的松本身具有一定的潴钠作用,对于有低血钠者仅辅以一定量的0.9%氯化钠溶液即可。多数患者经上述治疗后得到临床缓解,治疗效果较满意。但在发生感染、外伤、其他系统疾病恶化等诱因时,可能症状加重,甚至发生肾上腺皮质危象,危及生命,应加大激素用量,积极采取相应措施抢救。
地铁隧道结构稳定性自动化监测系统的研究与应用

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,目前我国的地铁营运线路长度已近300 km,如何实时监测地铁结构的稳定性,保障地铁营运安全,受到各地政府的高度重视。本文基于高精度全站仪构建开发了地铁隧道结构安全自动化监测系统,利用VT检验法对基准点进行了稳定性判定,实现了远程无线控制全站仪对地铁结构进行自动化监测,通过三维一体化、高精度系统快速对地铁隧道进行了水平位移、垂直位移、隧道直径收敛等诸多变形量的监测,并通过试验对该系统的稳定性和监测成果精度进行了统计分析。结果表明,该系统能够满足地铁结构监测毫米级的精度要求,并具有较好的稳定性。
便携式小型移动全景地理国情调绘核查技术研究

地理国情调绘核查关系到地理国情普查的可靠性和现势性,目前地理国情调绘核查以人工外业为主。本文提出了一种便携式小型移动全景调绘核查技术,以车载或人工背负携带式对地理国情调绘核查进行全过程360°实景记录,通过手持GPS终端实现全景影像自动地理参考;进一步与正射影像关联进行地理国情普查要素的室内核查与调绘,提高地理国情调绘核查乃至质检的效率和质量; 另外在其他调查类业务中也具有很好的应用前景。
GB-InSAR技术及其形变监测

地基InSAR(GB-InSAR)是最近10年发展起来的一种相对较新的形变监测技术。本文阐述了GB-InSAR技术的国内外研究现状、基于GB-InSAR技术的IBIS-L系统,以及GB-InSAR的基本原理、数据处理流程和关键技术,提出了GB-InSAR技术存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向。
资源三号卫星境外高精度定位方法研究

针对资源三号卫星境外高精度定位的实际需求,在缺乏境外地面控制点数据的情况下,采用美国华盛顿地区几何定位精度较高的商业卫星WorldView影像作为控制数据对其进行系统误差检校和精度评价。试验表明,资源三号卫星在美国华盛顿地区的平面精度约为16.702 m,高程精度约为2.435 m。在中心布设一个控制点剔除系统误差后,可以显著提高卫星的平面定位精度。
In vivo rapid fluorescence imaging of Alzheimer's disease through accurate target bio-marking of zinc gluconate

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disease. When AD occurs, the relevant amount of zinc ions in brain considerably changes. In this contribution, we have explored the possibility of in vivo rapid fluorescence imaging of AD through accurate targeting biomarker of zinc gluconate. By using the 3- and 6-month-old Alzheimer’s model mice(AD-1) as the experimental models, our observations demonstrate that zinc gluconate molecules could pass through the blood–brain barrier and then produce hippocampus region-specific accumulation of fluorescent zinc nanoclusters in vivo, thus allowing kinetically controlled selective imaging of AD by fluorescence bioimaging.
The gap in research on polyploidization between plants and vertebrates: model systems and strategic challenges

Polyploidization via whole-genome duplications (WGD) is a common phenomenon in organisms. However, investigations into this phenomenon differ greatly between plants and animals. Recent research on polyploid plants illustrates the immediate changes that follow WGDs and the mechanisms behind in both genetic and epigenetic consequences. Unfortunately, equivalent questions remain to be explored in animals. Enlightened by botanical research, the study of polyploidization in vertebrates involves the identification of model animals and the establishment of strategies. Here we review and compare the research on plants and vertebrates while considering intrageneric or intraspecific variation in genome size. Suitable research methods on recently established polyploidy systems could provide important clues for understanding what happens after WGDs in vertebrates. The approach yields insights into survival and the rarity of polyploidization in vertebrates. The species of Carassius and the allopolyploid system of goldfish 9 common carp hybridization appear to be suitable models for unraveling the evolution and adaptation of polyploid vertebrates.