mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
High photocatalytic activity of Cu_2O/TiO_2/Pt composite films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Cu_2O/TiO_2/Pt three-layer films were deposited on glass substrates using magnetron sputtering method. The surface morphology and the optical properties of the composite film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet– visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the Cu_2O/TiO_2/Pt composite films are made up of three layers which are Pt layer, anatase-TiO_2 layer and Cu_2O layer from bottom to top. The surface of the films is even and composed of regular-shaped spherical particles. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu_2O/TiO_2/Pt three-layer film is much higher than that of the Cu_2O/TiO_2 double-layer film. Such enhancement is ascribed to the presence of Pt layer, which further inhibits the photogenerated electron–hole recombination, prolongs the lifetime of the photogenerated carriers, increases the quantum efficiency and hence improves the photocatalytic activity of the film effectively.
Phase fraction evolution in hot working of a two-phase titanium alloy: experiment and modeling

In the present work, the coupled effects of initial structure and processing parameters on microstructure of a two-phase titanium alloy were investigated to predict the microstructural evolution in multiple hot working. It is found that microstructure with different constituent phases can be obtained by regulating the initial structure and hot working conditions. The variation of deformation degree and cooling rate can change the morphology of the constituent phases, but do not alter the phase fraction. The phase transformation during heating and holding determines the phase fraction for a certain initial structure. β–α–β transformation occurs during heating and holding. β to α transformation leads to a significant increase in content and size of lamellar α. The α to β transformation occurs simultaneously in equiaxed α and lamellar α. The thickness of lamellar α increases with temperature, which is caused by the vanishing of fine α lamellae due to phase transformation and coarsening by termination migration. By assuming α quasi-equilibrium phase transformation in heating and holding, a modeling approach is proposed for predicting microstructural evolution. The three stages of phase transformation are modeled separately and combined to predict the variation of phase fraction with temperature. Model predictions agree well with the experimental results.
Solidification behavior of Re- and Ru-containing Ni-based singlecrystal superalloys with thermal and metallographic analysis

To clarify the solidification behavior of Re- and Ru-containing Ni-based single-crystal superalloys, four experimental alloys with varied contents of Re and Ru were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and metallographic techniques. To obtain the γ'- solvus temperatures, the stepwise solution and aging heat treatments were used. DSC analysis shows that Re leads to the increase in freezing range and γ'-solvus temperature. On the contrast, Ru only has negligible influence on the freezing range, but leads to the lower γ'-solvus temperature. In comparison with Ru, Re leads to more severe segregation and higher eutectic fractions in as-cast microstructures. Furthermore, the castability and phase stability of Ni-based superalloys were analyzed by the results of DSC and metallographic analysis, such as freezing range, critical nucleation temperature, γ'-solvus temperature and eutectic fractions. It shows that Re leads to the wider freezing range and lower critical nucleation temperature, indicating the worse castability of Re-containing Ni-based single-crystal superalloys.
ExquiMo: An Exquisite Corpse Tool for Collaborative 3D Shape Design

We introduce ExquiMo, a collaborative modeling tool which enables novice users to work together to generate interesting, and even creative, 3D shapes. Inspired by an Exquisite Corpse gameplay, our tool allocates distinct parts of a shape to multiple players who model the assigned parts in a sequence. Our approach is motivated by the understanding that effective surprise leads to creative outcomes. Hence, to maintain the surprise factor of the output, we conceal the previously modeled parts from the most recent player. Part designs from individual players are fused together to produce an often unexpected and novel end result. We investigate the effectiveness of collaboration on the output designs by conducting a sequence of user studies to validate the hypotheses formed based on our research questions. Results of the user studies are supportive of our hypotheses that multi-user collaborative 3D modeling via ExquiMo tends to lead to more creative novice designs according to the commonly used criteria for creativity: novelty and surprise.
What Are They Talking About? Analyzing Code Reviews in Pull-Based Development Model

Code reviews in pull-based model are open to community users on GitHub. Various participants are taking part in the review discussions and the review topics are not only about the improvement of code contributions but also about project evolution and social interaction. A comprehensive understanding of the review topics in pull-based model would be useful to better organize the code review process and optimize review tasks such as reviewer recommendation and pull-request prioritization. In this paper, we first conduct a qualitative study on three popular open-source software projects hosted on GitHub and construct a fine-grained two-level taxonomy covering four level-1 categories (code correctness, pullrequest decision-making, project management, and social interaction) and 11 level-2 subcategories (e.g., defect detecting, reviewer assigning, contribution encouraging). Second, we conduct preliminary quantitative analysis on a large set of review comments that were labeled by TSHC (a two-stage hybrid classification algorithm), which is able to automatically classify review comments by combining rule-based and machine-learning techniques. Through the quantitative study, we explore the typical review patterns. We find that the three projects present similar comments distribution on each subcategory. Pull-requests submitted by inexperienced contributors tend to contain potential issues even though they have passed the tests. Furthermore, external contributors are more likely to break project conventions in their early contributions.
Sedimentary Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Lacustrine Beach-Bars in the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shubei Area, Western Depression of the Liaohe Oilfield, China

Beach-bars are well developed in the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shubei area, western depression of the Liaohe oilfield. The fourth member is composed of two three-order sequences, including a lower Sequence 1(SQ1)and an upper Sequence 2(SQ2). SQ2, which is the focus of this study, comprises a lowstand systems tract(LST)and a transgressive system tract(TST). Three types of beach-bars have been recognized: shallow-littoral lacustrine sandy beach-bars, semi-deep lacustrine storm-related sandy beach-bars and shallow-littoral lacustrine carbonate beach-bars. Paleo-environments during the deposition of SQ2, including the paleo-geomorphology, paleo-water depth and paleo-source have been reconstructed to determine the formation mechanisms of the different types of beach-bars. The shallow-littoral lacustrine sandy beach-bars formed mainly by waves and currents and were mostly deposited in the LST, where water depths ranged from 3 to 9 m and the terrestrial clast supply is sufficient. The storm-related sandy beach-bars developed in the TST in the southern part of the study area near previously massively deposited sand bodies where there was sufficient water depth to preserve them. The carbonate beach-bars formed primarily in the TST in the Shubei low buried hill belt where there was a lack of terrestrial clast supply and complex, uneven geomorphology that easily gave rise to a lagoonal environment.
Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Silurian Lower Kepingtage Formation in Tahe Area, Tarim Basin, NW China

With the breakthrough of exploration in Well TP16-1, the lower Kepingtage Formation becomes a key target for petroleum exploration of deep clastic reservoir in Tahe area. In this paper we focused on the research of the reservoir characteristics and its controlling factors in two sub-member formations(S_1k_1~1 and S_1k_1~3). Based on X-ray diffraction, conventional physical properties data(porosity and permeability)and reservoir storage space data(casting thin section and scanning electron microscope), we determined that the S1k1 Formation belongs to extra-low porosity and permeability reservoir, although the upper S_1k_1~3 Formation shows relative better physical characteristic than the lower S_1k_1~1 Formation. The development of storage space in the study area is controlled by sedimentary microfacies, diagenesis process. Reservoirs in S1k1 Formation are mainly located in channel(S_1k_1~1 sandstones)and sand flat(S_1k_1~3 sandstones). The sand flat sediments with a more coarse grain size compared with the channel. In diagenesis, compaction is the major controlling factor for reducing the porosity, followed by cementation. Dissolution of diagenesis is the major controlling factor in enhancing the reservoir porosities. Compared with channel(S_1k_1~1)sandstones, sand flat sandstones(S_1k_1~3)have better reservoir quality for its weaker compaction, cementation and stronger dissolution. On the basis of sedimentary characteristics(grain size and subfacies), physical property(porosity and permeability)and reservoir storage space, we divide the S1k1 reservoir into three categories(I, II and III). Type I reservoir is high quality reservoir. It is mainly distributed in the south area of S_1k_1~1 and S_1k_1~3 reservoir. Type II is moderate reservoir. It is located in the middle of S_1k_1~1 reservoir and in the north of S_1k_1~3 reservoir. Type III is the poor reservoir. It is only located in the north of S_1k_1~1 reservoir.
Sedimentary Characteristics and Paleoenvironment of Shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, North Guizhou Province, and Its Shale Gas Potential

The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other methods have been used to understand the sedimentary characteristics and identify hydrocarbon source rocks in suitable sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in northern Guizhou Province. The thickness of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation ranges from 20 to 200 m and it was mainly deposited on a deep-water shelf. The TOC content is high, up to 5.75%. The main non-organic minerals are detrital quartz and clay minerals, with a little plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, calcite, dolomite and pyrite. There is also biogenic microcrystalline quartz. Six lithofacies have been identified: siliceous shale, clay shale, calcareous shale, silty shale, carbonaceous shale, and muddy siltstone. Using biological Ba, V/(V+Ni), TOC, V/Cr, B, Sr/Ba and other indicators, we estimate primary productivity, redox conditions and paleosalinity and show that the early stage of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition occurred under strong anoxic conditions, high paleosalinity and yielded a high TOC content and an excellent potential shale gas source. The anoxic environment was destroyed at the late stages of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition, the TOC content decreased, so that it is likely to be a high quality source rock. Organic pores acted as the key reservoir space in the shales, and the pores are mainly mesopose, with most pore diameters less than 20 nm. The siliceous shale has high TOC content and brittle mineral(quartz)content making it an important exploration target for shale oil and gas exploration.
A Discussion on the Origin of Shale Reservoir Inter-Laminar Fractures in the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene, Dongying Depression

This paper was conducted on the shale reservoir in the Dongying depression in the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene. Based on detailed core description, rock thin sections, argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis, CT scanning and carbon-oxygen isotopic test, the formation mechanism of the inter-laminar fractures(or seams)and their development conditions were discussed by comprehensive analysis of the diagenetic evolution features and the reservoir space evolution characteristics. The results show that the laminated composite pattern in Dongying depression was dominated by vertical distribution of laminated calcite and clay minerals. Contrasted to the traditional understanding, development degree of inter-laminar fractures was much lower. Pure fluid between layers cannot exist without framework minerals, and the pre-existing well connected pore or horizontal overpressure micro seam was favorable paths of fluid migration. From the points of inter-laminar fractures origin mechanism and its evolution, the so called seams, were much more complex than traditional understanding that hydrocarbon generation raised the pore pressure and led to the parallel microfractures. But the inter-laminar fractures had little relationship with that whether the lamination was developed or bedding boundary was clear or not. In fact, the shale reservoir inter-laminar fractures were not rigorous fracture. They were controlled by pre-existing inter-granular pore(or seam)or dissolved pore, which distributed along carbonate laminae boundary and were connected by later super pressure, dissolution and the seepage force. And the development conditions were burial depth(bigger than 3 000 m)and the Ro value(>0.6%). Discussion on its origin and evolution has important petroleum geological significance on optimizing reservoir segment and favorable target areas selection.
Lacustrine Shale Oil Resource Potential of Es_ 3~L Sub-Member of Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Following shale gas, shale oil has become another highlight in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development. A large amount of shale oil has been produced from a host of marine shale in North America in recent years. In China, lacustrine shale, as the main source rock of conventional oil and gas, should also have abundant oil retained in place. In this study, geochemical and geologic characteristics of lacustrine shale from Es_3~L sub-member in Bonan sag were characterized by using total organic carbon(TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction, and ∆log R method. The results show that the Es_3~L sub-member shale have TOC contents ranging from 0.5 wt.% to 9.3 wt.%, with an average of 2.9 wt.%. The organic matter is predominantly Type I kerogen, with minor amounts of Type II1 kerogen. The temperature of maximum yield of pyrolysate(T_(max))values ranges from 424 to 447 °C, with an average of 440 °C, and vitrinite reflectance(Ro%)ranges from 0.7% to 0.9%, indicating most of shales are thermally mature. The dominant minerals of Es_3~L shale in Bonan sag are carbonates(including calcite and dolomite), averaging 51.82 wt.%, and the second minerals are clay(mostly are montmorillonite-illite-mixed layer and illite)and quartz, averaging about 18 wt.%. Finally, its shale oil resources were evaluated by using the volumetric method, and the evaluation result shows that the shale oil resource is up to 5.94 billion tons, and mostly Class I resource. Therefore, the exploration of the lacustrine shale oil of Es_3~L in Bonan sag should be strengthened.
CFD simulations for longwall gas drainage design optimisation

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coal Mining Abatement Technology Support Package(CMATSP),threedimensional CFD simulations were conducted to test and optimise a conceptual design which proposes using horizontal boreholes to replace vertical boreholes at an underground coal mine in Australia. Drainage performance between a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole was first carried out to compare their capacity and effectiveness. Then a series of cases with different horizontal borehole designs were simulated to optimise borehole configuration parameters such as location,diameter,and number of boreholes. The study shows that the horizontal borehole is able to create low pressure sinks that protect the workings from goaf gas ingresses by changing goaf gas flow directions,and that it has the advantage to continuously maintain such low pressure sinks near the tailgate as the longwall advances. An example of optimising horizontal borehole locations in the longwall lateral direction is also given in this paper.
Undesorbable residual gas in coal seams and its influence on gas drainage

The definition of ‘‘residual gas” can be found in different scenarios,such as the ‘‘fast” and ‘‘slow” desorption methods of measuring gas content and the sorption hysteresis test and gas management of coal mines,however,its meaning varies a lot in different contexts. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the existence of truly undesorbable residual gas in coal seam conditions and its impacts on sorption model and gas drainage efficiency. We believe the undesorbable residual gas does exist due to the observation of the extended slow desorption test and the sorption hysteresis test. The origin of undesorbable residual gas may be because of the inaccessible(closed or semi-closed) pores. Some gas molecules produced during coalification are stored in these inaccessible pores,since the coal is relatively intact in the coal seam condition,these gas molecules cannot escape during natural desorption and then create the undesorbable residual gas. Based on the existing adsorption models,we propose the improved desorption versions by taking into consideration the role of residual gas. By numerically simulating a gas drainage case,the gas contents after different drainage times are studied to understand the influence of residual gas content on gas drainage. The results indicate that the influence starts to be obvious even when the total gas content is at a high level,and the impact becomes more and more apparent with increasing drainage time. Our study shows that the existence of residual gas will impede the gas drainage and the total amount of recoverable coal seam methane may be less than expected.
Surrounding rock control of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar and roadway side sealing technology in Yangliu Coal Mine

Gob-side entry driving can increase coal recovery ratio,and it is implied in many coal mines. Based on geological condition of 10416 working face tailentry in Yangliu Coal Mine,the surrounding rock deformation characteristics of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar is analysed,reasonable size of coal pillar and reasonable roadway excavation time after mining are achieved. Surrounding rock control technology and effective roadway side sealing technology are proposed and are taken into field practice. The results showed that a safer and more efficient mining of working face can be achieved. In addition,results of this paper also have important theoretical significance and valuable reference for surrounding rock control technology of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar under special geological condition.
Method for prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal seam and its application in mining field

Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners,especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides,environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2,CO,SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence,it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper,the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation,the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection,prevention,sealing,injection and pressure adjustment. However,various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors,so in this paper,analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines,green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.
他莫昔芬相关黄斑病变和干眼一例

讨论:他莫昔芬为非固醇类抗雌激素药物,其结构与雌激素相似,可竞争性地与雌激素受体结合,以拮抗雌激素,主要用于雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌和恶性黑色素瘤的治疗和预防复发。低剂量(20 mg/d)他莫昔芬主要应用于乳腺癌的治疗,大剂量(200 mg/d)他莫昔芬主要应用于脑部恶性星形胶质瘤的治疗。使用他莫昔芬后眼部不良反应的发生率为0.6%~12.0%。毒性作用与剂量相关,累积剂量超过100 g将可能诱发眼部不良反应,包括角膜混浊、黄斑出现呈环形沉积的黄色结晶样物质、黄斑水肿以及视网膜色素改变等。目前也有小剂量(20~40 mg/d)他莫昔芬即可导致黄斑病变的报道。Kaiser-Kupfer等于1978年首次报道了接受他莫昔芬(240~320 mg/d)治疗转移性乳腺癌患者发生眼部毒性作用,认为他莫昔芬引起黄斑病变是一种较为少见的毒性反应。自从高分辨率OCT在临床上广泛应用以来,他莫昔芬所致黄斑病变可以更清晰地展示出来。Georgalas等观察了1例55岁乳腺癌患者术后连续服用他莫昔芬(20 mg/d) 10年发现了眼底改变,OCT显示早期的结晶样沉积主要在黄斑中心凹区,呈点状反射,晚期视网膜外层呈现空腔样改变或假性囊肿,甚至发生真正的黄斑水肿,导致视力下降。Doshi等提出他莫昔芬视网膜病变的诊断标准为OCT中具有特征性的黄斑空腔形成,导致视网膜结构性破坏。而黄斑部空腔的发病机制可能为药物沉积导致自身Muller细胞功能障碍引起的组织萎缩和神经元凋亡。
Application of geospatial modelling technique in delineation of fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka Basin, Birbhum, India

Dwarka River Basin is one of the fluoride affected river basin in Birbhum, West Bengal. In the present research work, various controlling factors for fluoride contamination in groundwater i.e., geology, aquifer type, groundwater table, soil, rainfall, geomorphology, drainage density, land use land cover, lineament and fault density, slope and elevation were considered to delineate the potential fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka River Basin in Birbhum. Assigning weights and ranks to various inputs factor class and their sub-class respectively was carried out on the basis of knowledge driven method. Weighted overlay analysis was carried out to generate the final potential fluoride contamination zones which are classified into two broad classes i.e., 'high' and 'low', and it is observed that major portion of the study area falls under low fluoride contamination category encompassing 88.61% of the total area which accounts for 759.48 km~2 and high fluoride contaminated region accounts for 11.40% of the total study area encompassing an area of about 97.67 km~2. Majority of high fluoride areas fall along the flood plain of Dwarka River Basin. Finally, for validation 197 reported points within Dwarka having fluoride in underground water are overlaid and an overall accuracy of 92.15% is observed. An accuracy of 83.21% and 84.24% is obtained for success and prediction rate curve respectively.