mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of diffuse pollution of nitrogen and phosphorous from a small town in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin, China

Hydrological and hydro-chemical monitoring of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in a small urbanized catchment was conducted in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin, China, from 2010 through 2011. The diffuse N and P loadings in different forms of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), dissolved nitrogen (DN) and phosphorus (DP), as well as particulate nitrogen (PN) and phosphorus (PP) were calculated based on runoff discharges and chemical analyses. The results revealed that the diffuse pollution concentrations of TN, DN, PN, TP, DP and PP exhibited large variations during rainfall events, with peak concentrations occurring during the initial period. For all of the measured parameters, the event mean concentrations (EMCs) were observed to clearly vary among rainfall events. The EMCs of TN, DN, PN, TP, DP and PP (for all of the observed rainfall events) were 10.04, 6.62, 3.42, 1.30, 0.47 and 0.83 mg/L, respectively. The losses of diffuse N and P exhibited clear seasonal patterns and mainly occurred during the period from July through September, when the losses totaled 99.3 and 9.6 kg/ha for TN and TP, respectively, accounting for 75% and 74% of the total annual loadings. The mean annual loadings of TN and TP were 124.6 and 12.9 kg/ha, respectively. The results indicate that residential areas in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin are subject to high diffuse N and P loadings, posing a serious risk to the receiving water quality. Ecological buffering belts are recommended to incorporate into the urbanized catchment to reduce diffuse pollution.
Spatial and seasonal dynamics of soil loss ratio in mountain rangelands of south-western Kyrgyzstan

Vegetation cover is the main factor of soil loss prevention. The C-factor of the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was predicted with NDVI,ground data and exponential regression equation for mountain rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. Time series of C-factor, precipitation and temperature were decomposed into seasonal and trend components with STL (seasonal decomposition by loess) to assess their interrelations. C-factor, precipitation and temperature trend components indicated significant lagged correlation, whereas seasonal components indicated more complex relations with climate factors which can be promoting as well as limiting factors for vegetation development, depending on the season. Rainy springs and hot summers may increase soil loss dramatically, whereas warm and dry springs with rainy summers can decrease it. Steep slopes indicated higher soil loss ratio, whereas flat areas were better protected by vegetation.
创伤整形外科概念的商榷

创伤可以说是人类最古老的一个医学课题,中国周朝时期的《周礼?天官篇》中就有疡医即外科医师的记载,疡医主治各类创伤疾病。对创伤缺损的修复则是整形外科永恒的主题,公元前600年印度外科医师即创立了修复鼻部缺损的方法。
Quasi-morphisms via Local Action Data and Quasi-isometries

In this work we first present a principle which says that quasi-morphisms can be obtained via local data of group action on certain appropriate spaces. In a rough manner the principle says that instead of starting with a given group and trying to build or study its space of quasi-morphisms, we should start with a space with a certain structure, in such a way that groups acting on this space and respecting this structure will automatically carry quasi-morphisms, where these are supposed to be better understood. This principle plays an important role in the second result of this paper, which is a universal embedding of the projective space of the linear space of quasi-morphisms of any given countable group, into the space of quasi-isometries of a certain universal metric space.
Quasi-linear Cycle Sets and the Retraction Problem for Set-theoretic Solutions of the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equation

Cycle sets were introduced to reduce non-degenerate unitary Yang-Baxter maps to an algebraic system with a single binary operation. Every finite cycle set extends uniquely to a finite cycle set with a compatible abelian group structure. Etingof et al. introduced affine Yang-Baxter maps. These are equivalent to cycle sets with a specific abelian group structure. Abelian group structures have also been essential to get partial results for the still unsolved retraction problem. We introduce two new classes of cycle sets with an underlying abelian group structure and show that they can be transformed into each other while keeping the group structure fixed. This leads to a proper extension of the retractibility conjecture and new evidence for its truth.
腹腔镜电动子宫肌瘤粉碎器临床应用的去向

子宫肌瘤是女性生殖器官最常见的良性肿瘤,是妇科手术排位第一的疾病。随着腹腔镜技术的普及,越来越多的子宫肌瘤剔除术及全子宫切除术可以通过腹腔镜完成。标本的取出多数使用电动子宫肌瘤粉碎器通过套管针将标本粉碎后完成,2014年美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)关于电动子宫肌瘤粉碎器应用的通告引发妇产科业内激烈震动及热议,如何正确理解和看待FDA的通告,尚未有共识和相关指南出台,所以临床上各国处理不一,还需要更多证据指导腹腔镜下电动子宫肌瘤粉碎器应用的临床决策。
阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿11年后发生慢性粒细胞白血病1例报告

PNH和CML都是克隆性造血干细胞疾病,但它们之间有无关联,两种疾病之间能否转化未见报道。本文报道的这例患者在确诊PNH 11年后出现Ph染色体和BCR/ABL融合基因表达,最终诊断为CML。对于PNH和CML之间的因果关系,一个可能的解释是CML干细胞来自于受影响的PNH克隆或PNH异常的骨髓环境。PNH细胞具有遗传不稳定性,在长期治疗的过程中,随着病程的延长、药物的应用、免疫功能的降低以及造血干细胞的遗传学改变,有转化为其他克隆性疾病尤其是白血病的可能,本例患者诊断PNH并治疗后,血常规可恢复正常,但未再定期监测CD55、CD59表达,而其11年后确诊为CML时我们发现PNH异常克隆已消失,故无法确定该患者的CD55、CD59恢复正常与CML异常克隆出现是否同步,即是否由PNH转化为CML。在CML诊断确定时,我们也未进行PIG-A基因突变检测。患者因治疗PNH需要应用免疫抑制剂,亦有可能后续的CML发生为第二肿瘤。故该病例我们可以确定在诊断PNH 11年后发生CML,但具体是PNH克隆的恶性转化还是第二肿瘤无法明确。我们报道本病例的目的是要提醒广大血液临床工作者,在PNH患者的临床管理中,要警惕其发生恶性转化的可能,加强随访,及早发现异常克隆的存在,并警惕发生第二肿瘤的可能,以利早期诊断和治疗。
角巩膜基质脓肿一例

讨论角巩膜基质脓肿是一种较为少见的疾病,多发生于眼外伤、角膜接触镜配戴者、角膜手术、某些角膜表面疾病、慢性细菌性结膜炎等患者。在本例患者,反复追问患者家长,否认患儿有明确眼外伤史,但亦无上述危险因素及全身潜在感染灶。推测,6年前患者年龄小,眼部受到小的外伤不能明确告诉家长,家长容易忽略,故病因最大可能仍是眼外伤。本例细菌培养采集标本时,为避免结膜囊微生物污染,结膜囊内放入开睑器防止眨眼,取样前用生理盐水冲洗角膜表面数次,穿刺脓肿后首先收集脓液作微生物培养。微生物培养结果为表皮葡萄球菌,是一种革兰氏阳性球菌,多数为非致病菌,少数可导致疾病,有时表现为弱的致病性,病灶缓慢发展,这也是本例迁延发展几年的一个原因。推测6年前患儿眼外伤时将上皮细胞及病原微生物带入角巩膜基质内,形成角巩膜囊肿伴脓液积存。这也间接解释第一次手术行角膜病灶切开引流术,术中未彻底清除病灶内上皮细胞,致使病变复发,而第二次手术术中彻底清除病灶内上皮细胞,这是避免病变复发的一个重要因素。
水产动物益生菌的筛选及应用

随着水产养殖业的发展和养殖强度的增加,水产动物病害爆发频繁。传统的抗生素药物虽然对治疗疾病有积极效用,但长期使用会产生巨大的负面效应:病原菌产生耐药性,效力下降;药物残留干扰水产动物肠道内有益微生物菌群的生长和繁殖,影响水产动物的健康;残留在水体中的抗生素破坏养殖生态环境,水产品质量下降。近年来,我国水产品因药物残留而出口受阻的事件屡见不鲜,给我国水产业造成巨大损失。
鱼类家系选育的研究进展

对鱼类进行选育由来已久,最早出现在范蠡的 《养鱼经》。采用选择育种的方法来对鱼类进行遗传改良始于20世纪20年代对鱼类抗病新品种的选育。随着水产养殖业的迅速发展,良种缺乏成为制约我国水产养殖业健康可持续发展的重要因素之一。选择育种是培育新优品种的一种有效途径,已经在多种生物的选育中取得成功,而家系选育则是选择育种中的重要手段之一。
Alkaline Basalts in the Bayingou Ophiolitic Melange of Northern Tianshan Mountains:Origination from Seamounts?

The Bayingou ophiolitic melange is located in Northern Tianshan Mountains of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt which is the largest accretionary orogen among the European, Siberian, Tarim and North China cratons. The Bayingou ophiolitic melange provide a critical geological record for unraveling regional tectonic history and testing different tectonic models. However, previous studies were mainly concentrated on geochronology, rock combination, structural feature and geochemistry of ophiolite, with little attention to oceanic island basalts in the Bayingou ophiolitic melange. Therefore, in this study, we focus on pillow basalts from ophiolitic melange.
Reefs in the Early Paleozoic Taebaek Group, Korea:A Review

Various early Paleozoic (Cambrian Series 3-Middle Ordovician) reefs are found in the Taebaek Group, eastern Korea, located in the eastern margin of the Sino-Korean Block. They occur in every carbonate-dominant lithostratigraphic unit of the group, but their morphology and composition differ markedly. The Daegi Formation (middle Cambrian:Cambrian Series 3) contains siliceous sponge-Epiphyton reefs formed in a shallow subtidal environment, which is one of the earliest metazoan-bearing microbial reefs after the archaeocyath extinction. The Hwajeol Formation (upper Cambrian:Furongian) encloses sporadic dendrolites consisting of Angulocellularia, which developed in a relatively deep subtidal environment, representing a rare deeper water example. The onset of the Ordovician radiation resulted in the formation of microbialite-Archaeoscyphia-calathiid patch reefs in shallow subtidal deposits of the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation. Subsequent late Early Ordovician relative sea-level fall established extensive peritidal environments, forming microbial mats and stromatolites of the Lower-Middle Ordovician Makgol Formation. Ensuing Ordovician radiation resulted in one of the earliest metazoan skeletal reefs of the Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation, constructed by stromatoporoid Cystostroma and bryozoan Nicholsonella, and developed around shallow shoals. These reefs reflect ongoing evolution and sea-level change during the early Paleozoic, and exemplify a rare glimpse of peri-Gondwanan records of reef evolution, which warrant detailed investigations and comparison with their counterparts in other regions.
高肌氨酸血症一例

另外,由于高肌氨酸血症患儿常常出现精神行为异常,研究证明在颞叶、海马等脑组织高度表达的N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸(NMDA)受体可能参与了高肌氨酸血症的病理生理过程,需要与抗NMDA受体脑炎进行鉴别,该患儿就诊前2年已出现智力、注意力等方面异常,在诊疗过程中未予免疫抑制剂等特殊治疗,未见明显持续性进行性加重,随访1年多病情未见明显变化,不支持抗NMDA受体脑炎。高肌氨酸血症一旦确诊,仅对症治疗,有报道尝试应用NMDA受体拮抗剂美金刚治疗该病,后证实无效。缺乏对高肌氨酸血症预后的长期随访报道,该患儿已随访1年多,临床表现无明显变化,需进一步随访了解预后。
Energy efficient design for multiuser downlink energy and uplink information transfer in 5G

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is studied in this paper for the wireless powered downlink (DL) and multiuser information uplink (UL) systems. The objective is to maximize the energy efficiency defined as the ratio of the achieved throughput over the energy cost by optimizing the time allocation for the DL and multi-user UL traffics and its goal is to obtain the analytical expression to the optimal time allocation yet the resulting difficulty comes from the sum throughput of the multiuser in UL as well as the corresponding power consumption. To tackle this, the Jensen inequality is applied to approximating the exact expression of the sum throughput for the UL multi-users, leading to an upper-bound of the counterpart. The final closed form is exact in the single-user scenario yet approximate in the multi-user scenario. Numerical simulations verify the tightness of this approximation and the performances of the proposed analytical scheme.
Quantitative characterization and comprehensive evaluation of regional water resources using the Three Red Lines method

Based on the synergetic development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization (IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive relationships between water resources and regional population, eco-environment, economy and society, the concepts of water resources intensity (WRI), water environment intensity (WEI), water resources relative efficiency (WRRE) and water environment relative efficiency (WERE) are defined with reference to energy intensity, resources efficiency and environment efficiency theory. On the basis of benchmarking theory, the quantitative characterization and evaluation method of "Three Red Lines" (the upper limit of water resources allocation, the baseline of utilization efficiency of water resources and the upper limit of sewage discharge) is proposed. According to these concepts and models, an empirical analysis of the Three Red Lines of water resources on the Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2012 was carried out. The results showed that total water consumption in eastern, central and western parts of China possesses "club convergence" characteristics, which means these areas have similar internal conditions appeared convergence in the development. Inter-provincial differences in water consumption continue to decrease, but the north-south differentiation characteristics in the eastern and central regions were still relatively obvious, while provincial differences in the eastern part were at a minimum and the central region had the largest. Water Resources Efficiency (WRE) of all four sectors in the Southwest rivers and Huaihe River basins were generally high. Industrial WRRE in the Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, agricultural WRRE in the Songhua River, Yellow River and northwestern river basins and domestic WRRE in the Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins were all low. Eco-environmental WRRE in the southeastern rivers and Yangtze River basins were low but showed an upward trend. Other river basins, except for the Northwestern rivers basin, had high eco-environmental WRRE with a downward trend. Western China, especially the northwestern part, had a low relative intensity of the water environment (WERI) and high integrated water environment management (IWEM) performance, but the relative intensities of the water resources (WRRI) were fairly high, and the comprehensive performance of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in these regions was low. In southern China, especially the southeastern part, the IWEM was fairly high, but the overall IWRM was lower.
谷胱甘肽转移酶基因多态性与妇科恶性肿瘤易感性和预后的相关性研究进展

谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)是体内重要的II相代谢酶,GST在人群中呈多态性分布,基因多态性导致酶活性降低或丧失。研究显示GST基因多态性不仅与妇科多种恶性肿瘤的易感性有关,而且会影响化疗药物对肿瘤的疗效,影响患者的预后,且结果存在差异。本文将重点阐述GST的基因多态性、GST基因分型方法的进展及GST与妇科肿瘤易感性和预后的关系。
多糖偶联细胞毒性药物治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

细胞毒性药物在恶性肿瘤治疗中最重大的问题是其导致的全身毒性作用,这是由于此类药物缺乏靶向作用于局部肿瘤的能力。常规细胞毒性药物往往还具有较短的半衰期和不良的药物代谢动力学,也是影响肿瘤化疗效果的重要原因。目前,利用生物多糖与低分子质量药物偶联已被用来解决上述问题。因此,本文综述了近年来多糖作为载体偶联细胞毒性药物用于恶性肿瘤治疗的研究进展。
肝移植后乙型肝炎复发合并丙型和甲型肝炎病毒感染一例

肝移植受者免疫力低下,各种感染的危险性都比普通人群高。肝移植后同时感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)后对病情的发展以及诊断和治疗带来挑战,严重威胁移植肝受者的存活,不容忽视。2006年10月,我院收治肝移植后同时感染HBV、HCV和HAV患者1例,现报告如下。
MRI在婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良闭合复位中的应用及进展

髋关节是全身关节中发病率最高的一个关节,而发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)占髋关节发病首位。DDH指髋臼与股骨头的接触不正确,是小儿骨科的一种常见畸形。在青少年中,DDH是引起全关节置换最常见的原因。脱位后的髋臼内往往被增生的结缔组织,拉长变厚的圆韧带所充填,成为髋关节复位的障碍。为了能对这些改变作出早期评价,近年来国外许多学者在髋脱位的超声、X线平片、CT、MRI等影像学方面作了很多工作,而MRI对髋臼内软组织、盂唇及软骨的良好显像使其在DDH闭合复位的应用中具有明显优势。
A combined 2D and 3D numerical modeling approach to provide adequate roof support in complex 3D excavations

Traditional methods for assessing effective roof support can be difficult to apply to complex three-dimensional excavations. Through worked examples, the approach of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling has been shown to be successful in understanding mechanisms of rock failure for unique excavation geometries and geotechnical properties and, in turn, provides adequate roof support recommendations for complex three-dimensional excavations in Australian coal mines. An interactive approach of monitoring and model review during the excavation process is an important part of model support recommendations to ensure rock failure and deformation in the model are representative of actual conditions, to provide effective and practical controls.
Void fill techniques for stabilizing roof conditions during longwall recovery

It has been proven that longwall faces can be moved safely and efficiently. However, abutment pressures and poor ground control conditions can halt operations and be hazardous to coal miners. Recently at a mine in Southwestern Pennsylvania, roof material collapsed above shields that created two large voids and caused major challenges for shield recovery. A unique, engineering solution was developed that utilized a modified concrete material to fill the voids, creating stability in the affected area. The many phases of this project included the construction phase, void pumping, cutting out, and bolting of the concrete material. This project eliminated the hazards associated with bolting the recovery face and removing shields in adverse conditions, making it possible for the mine operator to safely complete the longwall move.
Red ginseng and cancer treatment

The ginseng family, including Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (notoginseng), is commonly used herbal medicine. White ginseng is prepared by air-drying after harvest, while red ginseng is prepared by a steaming or heating process. The anticancer activity of red ginseng is significantly increased, due to the production of active anticancer ginsenosides during the steaming treatment, compared with that of white ginseng. Thus far, anticancer studies have been mostly focused on Asian ginseng. In this article, we review the research progress made in the anticancer activities of red Asian ginseng, red American ginseng and red notoginseng. The major anticancer mechanisms of red ginseng compounds include cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis/paraptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. The structure-function relationship analysis has revealed that the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides have more potent effects than the protopanaxatriol group. Sugar molecules in ginsenosides inversely impact the antiproliferative potential of these compounds. In addition, ginsenoside stereoselectivity and double bond position also influence the anticancer activity. Future studies should focus on characterizing active red ginseng derivatives as potential anticancer drugs.
Investigations into the corrosive environments contributing to premature failure of Australian coal mine rock bolts

University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia) had been involved in the study of premature failure of rock bolts in Australia coal mines from the initial identification of the problem in 1999. Rock bolt steel changes over the last decade appear to have not reduced the incidence of failures. A broadened UNSW research project funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and Industry has targeted finding the environmental causes through extensive field and laboratory experiments. This paper describes the field studies conducted in underground coal mines, in particular attempts to measure the contribution to corrosion from groundwater, mineralogy and microbial activity. Various underground survey techniques were used to determine the extent of broken bolts, with the presence of both stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and localized deep pitting making no single technique suitable on their own. Groundwater found dripping from bolts across various coalfields in Australia were found to be not aggressive and known groundwater corrosivity classification systems did not correlate to where broken bolts were found. In-hole coupon bolts placed in roof strata containing claystone bands confirmed the clay as being a major contributor to corrosion. Microbes capable of contributing to steel corrosion were found to be present in groundwater, and culturing of the microbes taken from in-situ coupon bolts proved that the bacteria was present on the bolt surface. An ‘in-hole bolt corrosion coupon’ development by the project may have multiple benefits of (1) helping quantify newly developed corrosivity classification systems, (2) providing an in-situ ground support corrosion monitoring tool, and (3) for testing possible corrosion protection solutions.
Occurrence, predication, and control of coal burst events in the U.S.

Coal burst represented a major hazard for some U.S. mining operations. This paper provides an historical review of the coal burst hazards, identifies the fundamental geological factors associated with these events, and discusses mechanisms that can be used to avoid their occurrences. Coal burst are not common in most underground mines. Their occurrence almost always has such dramatic consequences to a mining operation that changes in practice are required. Fundamental factors influencing coal burst events include strong strata, abnormal strata caving, elevated stresses, critical size pillars and the lack of sufficiently sized barrier pillars during extraction. These factors interact to produce excessive stress, seismic shock and loss of confinement mechanisms. Over the 90 years of dealing with these hazards, many novel prevention controls have been developed including novel mine designs and extraction sequences, most of which are site specific in their application. Without an accurate assessment of the fundamental factors that influence coal burst and knowledge of their mechanisms of occurrence, control techniques may be misapplied and risk inadequately mitigated.
Dynamic failure in coal seams: Implications of coal composition for bump susceptibility

As a contributing factor in the dynamic failure (bumping) of coal pillars, a bump-prone coal seam has been described as one that is ‘‘uncleated or poorly cleated, strong...that sustains high stresses.” Despite extensive research regarding engineering controls to help reduce the risk for coal bumps, there is a paucity of research related to the properties of coal itself and how those properties might contribute to the mechanics of failures. Geographic distribution of reportable dynamic failure events reveals a highly localized clustering of incidents despite widespread mining activities. This suggests that unique, contributing geologic characteristics exist within these regions that are less prevalent elsewhere. To investigate a new approach for identifying coal characteristics that might lead to bumping, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on 306 coal records from the Pennsylvania State Coal Sample database to determine which characteristics were most closely linked with a positive history of reportable bumping. Selected material properties from the data records for coal samples were chosen as variables for the PCA and included petrographic, elemental, and molecular properties. Results of the PCA suggest a clear correlation between low organic sulfur content and the occurrence of dynamic failure, and a secondary correlation between volatile matter and dynamic failure phenomena. The ratio of volatile matter to sulfur in the samples shows strong correlation with bump-prone regions, with a minimum threshold value of approximately 20, while correlations determined for other petrographic and elemental variables were more ambiguous. Results suggest that the composition of the coal itself is directly linked to how likely a coal is to have experienced a reportable dynamic failure event. These compositional controls are distinct from other previously established engineering and geologic criteria and represent a missing piece to the bump prediction puzzle.
A laboratory acoustic emission experiment and numerical simulation of rock fracture driven by a high-pressure fluid source

In order to improve our understanding of rock fracture and fault instability driven by high-pressure fluid sources, the authors carried out rock fracture tests using granite under a confining pressure of 80 MPa with fluid injection in the laboratory. Furthermore, we tested a number of numerical models using the FLAC~(3D) modeling software to find the best model to represent the experimental results. The high-speed multichannel acoustic emission (AE) waveform recording system used in this study made it possible to examine the total fracture process through detailed monitoring of AE hypocenters and seismic velocity. The experimental results show that injecting high-pressure oil into the rock sample can induce AE activity at very low stress levels and can dramatically reduce the strength of the rock. The results of the numerical simulations show that major experimental results, including the strength, the temporal and spatial patterns of the AE events, and the role of the fluid can be represented fairly well by a model involving (1) randomly distributed defect elements to model pre-existing cracks, (2) random modification of rock properties to represent inhomogeneity introduced by different mineral grains, and (3) macroscopic inhomogeneity. Our study, which incorporates laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, indicates that such an approach is helpful in finding a better model not only for simulating experimental results but also for upscaling purposes.