mlsa-iai-msu-lab/ru_sci_bench_zho_cite_reranking huggingface dataset:
Research of Step-down Stress Accelerated Degradation Data Assessment Method of a Certain Type of Missile Tank

The performance degradation rates of the missile tank are generally time-varying functions uneasily evaluated by general classical evaluation methods. This paper develops a segmented nonlinear accelerated degradation model (SNADM) based on the equivalent method of accumulative damage theory, which tackles the problem that product life is difficult to be determined with degradation rate being a function of the variable of time. A segmented expression of the function of population accumulative degradation is derived. And combined with nonlinear function, an accelerated degradation function, i.e., SNADM is obtained. The parameters of the SNADM are identified by numerical iteration, and the statistical function of degradation track is extrapolated. The reliability function is determined through the type of random process of the degradation distribution. Then an evaluation of product storage life is undertaken by combining the statistical function of degradation track, reliability function and threshold. An example of a missile tank undergoes a step-down stress accelerated degradation test (SDSADT), in which the results with the SNADM and the classical method are evaluated and compared. The technology introduced is validated with the resultant coincidence of both evaluated and field storage lives.
2008 - 2011年福建省泰宁县居民食用碘盐监测结果分析

为掌握福建省泰宁县居民食用碘盐的情况,泰宁县疾病预防控制中心于2008 - 2011年对全县居民进行食用碘盐监测工作,现将结果报道如下。
关于临床应用阿奇霉素的几个问题的答复

目前,国内不同规格乳糖酸阿奇霉素的仿制品生产厂商不下10家,都有国药准字批号,查阅其说明书,相当部分无“16岁以下患者使用本品的安全性尚不清楚”的标注,但在用法、用量栏中只有成人使用剂量和疗程的推荐,均无儿童使用的推荐。所以,儿科超说明书静脉滴注阿奇霉素的做法必须审慎并严格控制。
肿瘤细胞的周期没有短

2012年3月28日的Nature杂志刊登了一篇令人难以接受的论文,称约90%的肿瘤研究重大发现难以重复,而且那些结果难以重复的论文被旁引的次数远高于结果可被重复的论文被旁引的次数。该研究组对53篇论文中的重要发现进行了重复性研究,其中47篇中的研究各经过数十次反复尝试,其结果仍不能重复出。该文证据确凿,虽然难以接受,但又不能不信。
恶性疟疾并尿崩症一例

讨论恶性疟原虫在红细胞内繁殖时,导致受染的红细胞体积增大,包膜出现微孑L,彼此较易黏附成团,并易黏附于微血管内皮细胞上,引起微m管局部管腔变窄或堵塞,使相应部位(如脑、肾、肺等重要器官)的组织细胞发生缺血性缺氧,从而引起变性、坏死的病理改变。如患者出现寒战高热、腰痛、酱油色尿、贫血、黄疸、蛋白、管型尿等,常提示溶血尿毒综合征(黑尿热);患者也可表现为以谵妄、意识不清、昏迷等为主要症状的脑型疟疾。该例患者恶性疟疾诊断明确,病程中表现出了“黑尿热”和脑型疟疾的临床表现,发病后期出现了多尿、低比重尿、烦渴等类似“尿崩症”样的症状。回顾近年的研究,国外曾有严重的恶性疟疾偶尔并发“多尿症”的报道,国内尚罕见报道,且机制不清。通常尿崩症的发生与两种原因有关:一种是由于颅内的炎症、肿瘤、外伤、颅部术后等导致抗利尿激素(ADH)分泌不足;另一种是由于肾脏的肾小管有病变,导致对ADH不敏感。虽然我们没能检测患者血ADH的浓度,但结合该患者的临床特点: (1)有意识不清的脑型疟疾的症状;(2)在肾功能恢复10 d以上才出现持续多尿,不支持肾损害所致病理改变;(3)使用去氨加压素治疗可以减轻患者多尿的症状。因此,推测这例恶性疟疾并发尿崩症主要是“中枢性尿崩症”的可能性大,且在诊断后应及时使用ADH进行替代治疗,能达到较好的疗效。
Relationship between serum HER2 extracellular domain levels, tissue HER2 expression, and clinico-pathological parameters in early stage breast cancer

Background Measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein in the serum of metastatic breast cancer patients has previously been reported, but there are no consistent data to support the clinical utility of serum HER2 extracellular domain for patients with early stage breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum extracellular domain levels and tissue HER2 expression, and analyzed their relationship with clinico-pathological parameters in patients with early stage disease. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 232 breast cancer patients with stage I-III prior to treatment. Preoperative serum samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue HER2 status was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. Results The median serum extracellular domain concentration was 6.8 ng/ml. The best diagnostic cut-off value was 7.4 ng/ml, with 62.9% sensitivity and 85.3% specificity. High serum extracellular domain levels were reported in 89 patients (38.3%), and HER2-positive expression was observed in 77 patients (33.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that elevated serum extracellular domain correlated with postmenopausal status (P <0.001), high histological grade (P <0.001), negativity of both estrogen (P=0.012) and progesterone receptors (P <0.001), and high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen 153 (P=0.048). Conclusions We recommend that 7.4 ng/ml should be used as the cut-off value when evaluating serum extracellular domain levels in early stage of breast cancer. Patients with high serum extracellular domain levels have a certain clinico-pathological characteristics, may provide a basis for clinical practice.
Risk factors for delayed graft function in cardiac death donor renal transplants

Background Delayed graft function (DGF) is common in kidney transplants from organ donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors. It is associated with various factors. Determination of center-specific risk factors may help to reduce the incidence of DGF and improve the transplantation results. The aim of this study is to define risk factors of DGF after renal transplantation. Methods From March 2010 to June 2012, 56 cases of recipients who received DCD kidneys were selected. The subjects were divided into two groups: immediate graft function (IGF) and DGF groups. Transplantation factors of donors and recipients as well as early post-transplant results of recipients were compared between the two groups. Results On univariate analysis, preoperative dialysis time of recipients (P < 0.001), type of dialysis (P=0.039), human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch sites (P <0.001), the cause of brain death (P=0.027), body mass index (BMI) of donors (P <0.001), preoperative infection (P=0.002), preoperative serum creatinine of donors (P <0.001), norepinephrine used in donors (P <0.001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of donors (P <0.001), warm ischemia time (WIT) (P < 0.001) and cold ischemia time (CIT) (P <0.001) showed significant differences. Recipients who experienced DGF had a longer hospital stay, and higher level of postoperative serum creatinine. Conclusion Multiple risk factors are associated with DGF, which had deleterious effects on the early post-transplant period.
砭石疗法治疗人工流产术后疼痛

人工流产术(简称人流术)是意外受孕或避孕失败后采取的一种补救方法。人流术后宫缩疼痛,增加妇女的身心痛苦。我院妇科于2010年1月—2011年10月采用砭石疗法治疗人流术后疼痛患者120例,现报道如下。
参与动脉钙化的骨因子研究进展

老年人骨质疏松中骨量丢失和动脉钙化的异位钙化现象越来越受到关注。近年来研究结果显示,骨代谢相关因子参与动脉钙化的形成。动脉钙化是一种类似于骨基质的矿化过程,其钙化过程受多种因子的调控,全身性的调节因子已知的有活性维生素D、甲状旁腺激素、降钙素、雌激素等,局部调节主要有骨碱性磷酸酶、骨保护素、骨桥蛋白、骨形态发生蛋白等。脂联素作为一种脂肪细胞因子,已被证实在动脉钙化和骨质疏松中发挥重要作用,目前已把其当成骨相关因子研究,现就主要的骨因子在动脉钙化中的作用进行概述。
1株柯萨奇病毒A6型河南分离株全基因序列特征分析

柯萨奇病毒A6(CVA6)属于肠道病毒A组成员,主要引起疱疹性咽峡炎,也可引起手足口病。2011年河南地区从手足口病患者粪便标本中分离到1株CVA6,为了解其基因特征,本研究对分离的CVA6毒株进行全基因序列测定。
HLA-G在肿瘤细胞中的表达调控机制研究进展

综上所述,多种机制参与调控HLA-G抗原在肿瘤组织细胞中获得诱导性表达,其中主要包括HLA-G基因水平的转录调控(细胞因子和生长因子、激素、细胞应激及表观遗传学机制)和转录后调控(选择性剪切、microRNAs及电离辐射)。此外,一些抗肿瘤药物(如RU-486、他莫昔芬等),microRNAs也能够显著下调HLA-G基因的表达。因此,深入研究HLA-G分子的表达调控机制,对于进一步了解HLA-G在肿瘤免疫中的作用,具有重要意义。
微调手法治疗颈性失眠的临床观察

颈性失眠就是由颈椎病引起的失眠,是一种临床很常见的疾患,严重困扰患者的工作与生活。此类患者因失眠求治时常常被诊断为精神类疾病而忽略了颈椎病这一基础病因。潘之清认为,颈椎病有精神症状者,多伴有睡眠障碍、失眠或嗜睡,故常被诊断为神经衰弱。对失眠患者诊治时,应考虑到颈椎病这一导致失眠的重要原因。我们对颈性失眠患者,采用微调手法取得满意疗效,现报道如下。
宁心痛颗粒治疗对不稳定性心绞痛合并易损斑块患者血清学指标的影响

不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者的基本病变与顽固型心绞痛相似,即在血管严重狭窄基础上,斑块不稳定破裂,血液、纤维蛋白原、血小板进入斑块,形成内膜下血栓,斑块体积增大,加重狭窄,还使斑块内压力增高,导致斑块进一步破裂,斑块破裂后,使胶原纤维或脂质暴露,激活血小板内及内外源性促凝血因子,产生一系列瀑布样反应。最终导致血栓形成,特别是血小板血栓的形成,造成血管腔不完全狭窄,或完全闭塞后又随之部分溶解或脱落而再通,内皮细胞受损,同时释放的内皮素(ET)、血栓素A2(TXA2)等内皮收缩因子,引起冠脉痉挛,加重狭窄而参与发病。UAP患者血栓不稳定,斑块破裂暴露出纤维蛋白及血小板,激活凝血机制,促进血小板黏附聚集,血栓进一步增大,加重狭窄而诱发心绞痛,不易引起出血和血小板减少,IL-6本身可直接引起血管壁的损伤,亦可诱导肝脏产生CRP和Fib,促进血小板的聚集与血管平滑肌细胞的增殖来参与UAP的病理发展。多数研究认为,OX-LAb水平与相关炎性标志物及冠心病严重程度呈正相关,OX-LAb水平升高预示冠状动脉斑块的不稳定性,可作为易损斑块和ACS的预测因素。本院自制宁心痛颗粒组方:黄芪补气固表、利水退肿、托毒排脓、生肌。川芎活血行气,祛风止痛,活血祛瘀作用广泛。葛根升阳解肌,透疹止泻,除烦止渴。毛冬青清热解毒,活血通脉。灯盏细辛散寒解表,祛风除湿,活络止痛。本组观察结果表明,加服宁心痛颗粒可以有效地降低炎性标志物水平,疗效明显高于常规西药,其机制可能通过抑制炎症反应、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集、保护内皮细胞功能等途径有效干预冠状动脉粥样硬化易损斑块,提高斑块的稳定性,预防心血管事件的发生。
Microanatomy of the spermatic cords during microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy: initial experience in Asian men

The microanatomy of the inguinal spermatic cords has never been reported in Asia. The purpose of this study was to describe the number and relationship of the veins, arteries and lymphatics in the spermatic cord and to clarify the location of the vas deferens in Asian men. Fifty-one patients receiving 79 primary microsurgical varicocelectomies performed by a single surgeon from April 2011 to July 2012 were studied. The number of internal and external spermatic veins, testicular arteries and lymphatic channels preserved during the inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy were recorded. The relationship between the right and left vascular anatomy during bilateral varicocelectomies was evaluated. The data showed that mean numbers of 1.5±0_9 arteries, 5.6±2.2 spermatic veins and 3.6±1.9 lymphatics were identified during the repairs. The internal spermatic arteries were surrounded by a dense complex of adherent veins in 81.2% of the cases. The external spermatic vein or veins were found in 60.8% of the cases. The vas deferens may be contained within the internal spermatic fascia. The results suggest that the number of veins may be highly variable and less than those reported in the English literature, but there is some similarity in the inguinal microanatomy of the right and left spermatic cords. Further research is warranted to clarify our results.
Implications of the prostate intervention versus observation trial (PIVOT)

Prostate intervention versus observation trial (PIVOT) is the largest and longest randomized trial conducted in men with early stage prostate cancer detected during the era of wide-spread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.1 PIVOT enrolled 731 men and followed them for up to 15 years after randomization. PIVOT results demonstrate that compared to observation, radical prostatectomy did not result in a significant reduction in all cause or prostate cancer mortality through at least 12 years among men with localized prostate cancer; absolute differences were less than 3%. Results changed little after 8 years; therefore, additional follow-up is unlikely to change our findings. Radical prostatectomy caused related harms within 30 days of surgery in 21% of men and urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction through at least 2 years.
肾病综合征致反复下肢动脉栓塞一例

讨论肾病综合征存在高凝血症,周围血栓形成的发生率约2%~10%,以静脉血栓形成为主,但动脉血栓少见。肢体中等动脉栓塞,应及时手术取栓,但对静脉血栓,及时溶栓是有效的。急性肢体动脉栓塞截肢率为20%~40%,病死率高达25%左右。发病后6h以内手术者效果最佳。目前公认Fogarty导管取栓术为治疗首选。本例患者反复形成下肢动脉栓塞4次,其中第1次动脉栓塞后延误诊治导致左下肢截肢。第2/3次栓塞后手术均复发与肾病综合征没得到很好的控制,诱发血栓形成的因素没有排除,抗凝及抗血小板不够充分等有关。第4次栓塞复发,在放弃手术的情况下,通过保守治疗,重点治疗肾病综合征,才保住了肢体,这与积极治疗控制住了原发病,前两次取栓虽然术后复发,但为救治肢体赢得了宝贵的时间,如果没有前两次的成功取栓,患者肢体是否最后能够保住,尚是一个疑问。通过对本例患者的救治,笔者体会到对于一般的急性肢体动脉栓塞患者’治疗的首选是手术取栓。但对于有肾病综合征的特殊病例,应在积极取栓、溶栓尽量保留肢体的同时积极治疗原发疾病,做到早发现、早诊断、及早进行溶栓、抗凝、祛聚等治疗,但决不能忽略肾病综合征的治疗,只有在控制原发病的基础上,才能治愈本病。
Study clarifies associations between hypogonadism and health in aging men

Tajar and colleagues present the associations between moderate and severe hypogonadism, sympyoms of androgen deficiency and the prevelence of end-organ evidence of androgen deficency in 2966 older men in the European Male Aging Study. They find lower muscle mass, reduced bone mineral density, anemia, insulin resistence, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, with greater risks of these signs of androgen deficiency at lower serum testosterone concentrations.
经脐单孔腹腔镜肝切除术五例

腹腔镜肝切除术已在很多医疗单位开展。经脐单孔腹腔镜手术(transumbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery, TU-LESS)则体现了腹腔镜技术变革的方向。我们自2009年6月至2010年12月完成经脐单孔腹腔镜肝切除术5例,取得了良好的效果,现报道如下。
Homology Modeling and Molecular Docking Studies of (S)-Scoulerine 9-O-Methyltransferase from Coptis chinensis

(S)-Scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase (SMT), belonging to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase family, is an essential enzyme in the berberine biosynthetic pathways. In order to study the interactions of SMT with its substrate and further to understand the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity, a three dimensional model of SMT from Coptis chinensis was constructed by homology modeling using the crystal structure of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase (COMT) as a template. The three dimensional structure of SMT, which was mainly composed of α-helices and some β-sheets, was similar to that of COMT. In contrast with COMT, the non-conserved residues in the substrate binding pocket of SMT might be responsible for their differences in the substrate specificity. Val119 and Asp254 in SMT were the key residues for orienting substrate for methylation as both residues had H-bonds with (S)-scoulerine. The methylation of (S)-scoulerine involved deprotonation of the 9-hydroxyl group by His253 and Asp254 in SMT followed by a nucleophilic attack on the SAM-methyl resulting in the product, (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine.
Slightly Cross-Linked Polyrotaxanes Made by Linking α-Cyclodextrins Entrapped in Polyrotaxanes Using Hexamethylene Diisocyanate

In this study polyrotaxane (PR)-based triblock copolymers were first synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated with the self-assembly of a distal 2-bromoisobutyryl end-capped Pluronic 17R4 with a varying amount of a-cyclodextrins (a-CDs) in the presence of CuCl/PMDETA at 25 ℃ in aqueous solution. The a-CDs entrapped on the copolymer chain were then linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to give rise to novel slightly cross-linked polyrotaxanes (SCPRs) in DMF at 45 ℃. The structures of the PR-based triblock copolymers and SCPRs were characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)C CP/MAS, GPC and TGA analyses. The number-average molecular weight of the resulting SCPRs was nearly three and five times of their precursor after linking with a low polydispersity index range of 1.08—1.28. The thermo-responsive transition of both PR-based supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution was demonstrated by turbidity measurements and the self-aggregated morphologies were also evidenced by TEM observations.
Immobilization of Antibodies on Magnetic Carbonaceous Microspheres for Selective Enrichment of Lysine-acetylated Proteins and Peptides

Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible modification, which has been proved to be a key posttranslational modification in cellular regulation. However, the low amounts of the acetylated proteins could hardly be detected before enrichment. In this study, for the first time, antibody-immobilized magnetic carbonaceous microspheres were developed for selective enrichment of acetylated proteins and peptides. At first, standard proteins composed of acetylated bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, a-casein and ovalbumin were used as model proteins to verify the enrichment efficiency. Then, the synthesized peptide was employed to confirm the selectivity of the method. Besides, the antibody-immobilized magnetic particles were successfully applied to analyze mouse mitochondrial proteins. After database search, 29 acetylated sites in 26 proteins were identified.
The Formation of Exciplex and Improved Turn-on Voltage in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Light-Emitting Diode

In order to take advantage of organic and inorganic materials, we chose the polymer MEH-PPV as the luminous layer and ZnS as the electron transporting layer to prepare hybrid organic-inorganic light-emitting diodes (HOILEDs): ITO/MEH-PPV(~70nm)/ZnS(20nm)/Al by thermal evaporation and spin coating. Compared with the single-layer device ITO/MEH-PPV(~70 nm)/Al, spectral broadening and a slightly red shift are observed. Compared with the pure organic device ITO/MEH-PPV(~70nm)/BCP (20nm)/Al and combined with the energy level structure diagram, it is concluded that the spectral broadening and red shift are due to the exciplex luminescence at the interface between MEH-PPV and ZnS or BCP. In addition, the hybrid inorganic-organic device shows a lower turn-on voltage, but the current efficiency is lower than that of the pure organic device with the same structure.
Beam Manipulation by Metallic Nanoslit Arrays with Perpendicular Cuts inside Slits

Beam manipulation by metallic nanoslit arrays with perpendicular cuts inside the slits was investigated numerically. The simulated results performed by the finite element method (FEM) show that perpendicular cuts with different heights can modulate phase retardation of the transmitted light through the slits. With the proper distribution of cut height, a focused beam is achieved in our metallic nanostructure with four-time amplitude at the focus point and half focal length compared to a slit array without cuts inside. By using asymmetric distribution of height amplitude, a beam deflection around 6° can also be realized in our design.
Design and Characterization of a Top Cladding for Silicon-on-Insulator Grating Coupler

An effective top cladding for silicon-on-insulator grating coupler is designed and the validity of the design is confirmed experimentally. The proposed double-layer silicon oxide/silicon nitride (SiO_2/Si_3N_4) cladding demonstrates antireflection properties and affects a coupling strength of the grating structure. A coupling efficiency of 65% is obtained after cladding layer deposition.
胆囊十二指肠瘘并胆石性肠梗阻2例

胆囊十二指肠瘘形成后,胆囊内的结石就会逐渐掉入十二指肠,随着结石在肠道内的不断移动,往往会形成不同程度的上消化道梗阻症状,同时也说明胆石的直径超过了肠腔本身的容纳限度,要想通过非手术方法使其从肠道排除十分困难,一般认为结石直径超过2.5 cm者极易引起肠梗阻[2],因此诊断明确后应及早施行手术治疗,解除肠道梗阻才是最有效的治疗手段;本组1例在诊断明确后,考虑到诸多因素先给予石腊油等排石处理,致使结石不断移动又不断反复发生异位梗阻,造成扩张积气的肠管越来越长,症状加重并出现低蛋白血症,手术时不得不进行肠内容物外减压处理,以至术后恢复较慢,应该说教训是非常深刻的。
Nup88蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨核孔蛋白复合体蛋白88(Nup88)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用Western blot技术及免疫组织化学染色SP方法检测Nup88蛋白在40例乳腺癌和40例乳腺良性病变中的表达,并分析其与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:Nup88蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达较乳腺良性病变明显升高CP。Nup88蛋白的表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级及TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关,该三特征分组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。组织学分化越低及TNM分期越晚、有淋巴结转移的表达率越高。结论:Nup88蛋白与乳腺癌的发生、发展有关,其有望成为乳腺癌早期诊断和预后的一个新的辅助标记物。
Effect of TiN Particles and Grain Size on the Charpy Impact Transition Temperature in Steels

The toughness of ferritic steels is influenced by the grain size distribution,second phase,precipitates and coarse inclusions.In this work an examination of the effect of coarse TiN particles(>0.5 μm) and ferrite grain size on the Charpy impact transition temperature in high strength low alloyed steels has been carried out.Steels with high Ti content(up to 0.045 wt%),have been heat-treated and furnace cooled to obtain a ferrite-pearlite microstructure with different ferrite grain sizes.Coarse TiN particle size and ferrite grain size distributions have been measured and Charpy impact testing has been carried out.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis has been used to measure the grain boundary carbide thickness and to determine if the coarse TiN particles are acting as cleavage initiation sites by fractographic analysis.The Charpy ductile-brittle transition temperatures(DBTT) have been predicted using standard literature equations,and compared to the measured values.The relationship between the ferrite grain size and coarse TiN particle size and number density in terms of whether the coarse TiN particles act as effective cleavage initiation sites is discussed in this paper.
学生宿舍热水用水规律及空气源热泵热水系统设计分析

介绍了空气源热泵热水系统设计中机组和储热水箱选型的原理与步骤。通过对两栋学生宿舍楼实际热水用量和用水规律的统计研究,结合直热式空气源热泵机组的测试分析与水箱控制策略,对机组和水箱的选型进行了探讨分析。
基于gPROMS软件的曝气生物滤池建模研究

根据曝气生物滤池的水力负荷和有机负荷的特性,在gPROMS软件中进行对曝气生物滤池的除碳、硝化和曝气过程的建模研究,仿真进水水质、流量、曝气量等与出水水质的关系,有助于实现工艺设计验证和曝气的自动控制。
黄河下游地区饮用水安全保障技术研究与综合示范

针对黄河下游地区人口高度密集、经济总量巨大、水质污染严重及净化工艺落后等现状,以饮用水水质达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)为目标,在对引黄供水系统水质检测评估和关键净化技术中试验证基础上,研发建立了适于引黄水库水的"源头"生态净化、常规工艺强化、臭氧-生物活性炭、超滤膜和管网优化改造等组合工艺体系,并用于4座示范工程水厂和1个管网水质保障示范区的建设与运行研究,构建了"从源头到龙头"全流程监测评估、全过程净化处理技术支撑体系,为黄河下游地区供水安全提供了有力的科技支撑。
浅析“十二五”期间科研专项经费管理

结合修订后的科研专项经费管理办法,分析了我国"十二五"期间科研专项经费管理改革的"亮点",并结合工作实际就科研专项经费管理改革谈了自己的认识,以期为加强科研专项经费管理及专项经费项目申报前期预算编制提供参考依据。
基于Geoprocessing的徐州市绿地可达性研究

以江苏省徐州市区2008年城市航片影像数据为基础,将遥感图像解译为工业用地、仓储用地、水域、商业用地、居住用地等用地类型,并结合城市人口密度和城市绿地分布间的空间关系和阻力模型,利用Geoprocessing地理处理方法建立徐州市城市绿地空间可达性评价模型,对徐州市区的绿地可达性进行研究。结果表明,徐州城市绿地空间布局上呈现"西北低东南高""内低外高"的特点,而绿地的空间可达性则呈现"北低南高""内高外低"的空间格局。
中国农业非点源污染源及其产生根源解析

农业非点源污染是我国面临的严峻环境问题,呈恶化的趋势,严重影响到国民经济和社会的可持续发展。在分析国内外农业非点源污染的形势基础上,从水土流失、农资投入污染、禽畜粪尿污染、生活污染、农作物秸秆污染等方面对农业非点源污染源进行了系统解析,并从社会、经济和制度方面探讨污染产生的根源,总结了农业非点源污染防控的政策措施和工程技术措施。
ICP-AES法在水质分析中的应用研究

电厂水质分析过程费工费时、繁琐复杂,对人力和物力消耗很大,而且不能及时给出分析结果。通过研究试验,建立了一种新的水质分析方法——ICP法。将ICP-AES法与经典方法进行了分析水样的试验比较,证明了ICP-AES法分析水样所需时间短,在回收率和重现性的试验中,各元素的加标回收率为92.86%~110.28%,RSD<5%,符合仪器分析的要求。也证明了ICP-AES法具有线性范围宽、检出限低、准确度高、稳定性好、分析速度快等优点,可广泛用于各种样品中微量及痕量金属元素的分析。本方法还可用于固体溶解物浓度差异很大的各种饮用水、地表水、地下水及污染水、电厂给水等水质的分析。
攀枝花烟区烤烟常规化学成分分析

分析了攀枝花烟区不同品种、不同等级、不同地区烤烟样品的常规化学成分。结果表明,攀枝花烤烟总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比较高,总氮、烟碱、氮碱比、钾氯比适宜,钾含量、氯含量略低,钾氯比的变异系数(45.20%)最大,还原糖含量的变异系数(14.20%)最小。烤烟总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、钾含量、氮碱比、糖碱比在不同等级烟草间差异显著,氯含量和钾氯比在不同等级烟草间差异不显著;烤烟氯含量和钾氯比在不同地区间差异显著,其他化学指标在不同地区间差异不显著;烤烟总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、钾、氯含量、氮碱比、糖碱比、钾氯比在不同品种间差异不显著。
可溶性有机氮、无机氮浸提方法的比较

土壤可溶性有机氮(soluble organic nitrogen,SON)含量和可溶性无机氮(soluble inorganic nitrogen,SIN)含量是评价土壤肥力水平的重要依据。浸提剂种类、样品处理方式以及浸提温度均会对SIN、SON浸提量产生影响。试验比较了4种浸提剂、3种浸提温度、3种土样处理方式下SIN、SON浸提量的差异,结果表明:H_2O和2 mol/L KCl浸提的SIN含量最高;0.5 mol/L K_2SO_4浸提的SON含量最高。4种浸提剂浸提的SIN平均含量为80℃显著高于40℃和室温,但室温和40℃间差异不显著;浸提温度对SON浸提的作用未达显著水平。烘干土SIN含量较高,风干土和湿土SIN含量接近;烘干土SON含量显著高于湿土和风干土,风干土较湿土SON含量略多,但差异不显著。4种浸提剂对SIN浸提量相互间相关性好,对SON浸提量的相关性不强。
草莓果酒加工工艺

以速冻草莓为原料,研究制备草莓果酒的最优工艺条件及其发酵动力学曲线。结果显示,草莓澄清汁发酵最适的基质组成为酵母添加量0.2%,葡萄糖浓度22%,调味剂浓度0.01%,起始pH值3.0,发酵温度前7 d 25℃、后10 d 15或20℃时,乙醇度高且酒质较好,此时酒呈现果香,甜味明显,红色。在最优工艺条件下,草莓果酒发酵动力学曲线显示葡萄糖消耗、pH值降低和乙醇生成主要在6 d前完成,葡萄糖消耗与乙醇积累呈正相关关系,符合关联型产物曲线关系,pH值降低主要发生在72 h之前,符合乙醇合成规律。
膜分离技术与分子印迹技术耦合精制提纯银杏黄酮

应用膜分离技术与分子印迹技术对银杏黄酮粗提取品进行纯化,旨在节约乙醇,降低能耗,提高资源利用率与产品纯度。通过对膜、压力、料液温度的研究,确定截留相对分子质量为10 000的膜、0.3 MPa的压力、30℃的料液温度为最佳提纯条件。其透过液的黄酮含量达72%。对不同功能单体制备的印迹聚合物进行分子印迹试验,发现以4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体采用沉淀聚合法合成的印迹聚合物具有最佳的吸附性能。膜分离技术与分子印迹技术耦合,对银杏黄酮粗提取品有最佳的提纯效果。
紫叶李休眠芽离体诱导培养技术

以紫叶李的休眠芽为外植体,对其进行4种不同的切割处理接种,以比较最佳的外植体处理方法,另诱导阶段采用5种不同的培养基配方,以比较最佳的培养方案。结果表明:带枝芽苞经过消毒后,将芽苞从枝上切下,拨去鳞片,露出顶端分生组织,保留叶原基2~4 mm进行接种,萌发率最高,诱导阶段采用MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+KT0.02 mg/L配方培养效果最好。
苏南地区设施栽培沙梨需冷量的研究

采用0~7.2℃、≤7.2℃、犹他(Utah)3种模型对苏南地区设施栽培沙梨品种的需冷量进行了研究。结果表明,综合比较3种模型,在苏南地区以采用犹他模型更为可靠;2011—2012年采用犹他模型测定初夏绿和冠玉需冷量为247 c.u,翠冠和西子绿为410 c.u,绿宝石和华酥为567 c.u,初夏绿和冠玉比亲本翠冠和西子绿需冷量降低了39.76%。在果树设施栽培和南方地区落叶果树引种栽培过程中,对所选品种的需冷量须重新实地测定,以适应当地气候和环境条件,避免栽培中因需冷量不足而造成损失。
草醋液对草莓生物学特性及果实品质的影响

研究了不同浓度的草醋液对脱毒草莓幼苗生长、种苗繁殖及草莓果实品质的影响。结果表明:草醋液根施对脱毒草莓幼苗叶柄粗、叶片长、叶片宽、叶面积均产生促进作用,以100倍稀释液的效果最佳;草醋液对草莓幼苗冠径、株高、叶柄长无显著影响;草醋液液面喷施可有效促进草莓种苗生长,以400倍稀释液对新增叶片数量、新增子苗数的影响最明显,以600倍稀释液对草莓种苗高度增长值、冠径增长值的影响最有效;草醋液根施可显著提高草莓果实的可溶性固形物、维生素C含量,以100倍稀释液的效果最佳,对果实硬度、可滴定酸的含量无显著影响。
迟播干旱胁迫下不同密度和施肥量对早熟小麦宁麦15产量及其构成因素的影响

宁麦15具有迟播早发、迟播早熟和丰产稳产的优良特性,在迟播及持续干旱条件下对不同密度和施肥量进行调节、补偿能力依然较强,从而可使得穗粒重三因素较协调发展。6 750 kg/hm~2以上的产量构成要素一般为480万~510万穗/hm~2,每穗40~43粒,千粒重40~42 g。相应较适合的高产高效栽培策略应为基本苗300万~375万/hm~2,分别匹配纯氮300、210 kg/hm~2。
干旱胁迫对菊芋苗期生长的影响

以青芋2号、青芋3号菊芋为材料,研究干旱胁迫[轻度胁迫(土壤含水量为土壤最大持水量的60%)、中度胁迫(土壤含水量为土壤最大持水量的45%)、重度胁迫(土壤含水量为土壤最大持水量的25%)、对照(土壤含水量为土壤最大持水量的80%)]对菊芋苗期生长的影响。结果表明:轻度胁迫和中度胁迫下,菊芋出苗率基本不受影响,均可达到93%,但出现出苗时间延长的现象;重度胁迫下,出苗率为26%,严重影响出苗;菊芋在水分胁迫下很长的一段时间里保持萌发潜力。青芋2号、青芋3号均能适应轻度胁迫的干旱,对其生长影响不明显,能抵御中度胁迫,但其生长受到抑制,长时间的重度胁迫对青芋2号、青芋3号生长均有严重影响,但是青芋3号在株高、茎粗、最大叶面积以及干物质含量等方面表现出优于青芋2号,显示在相同水平的干旱胁迫下青芋3号受到的影响较小。
密肥条件对超级稻南粳44穗部性状及产量的影响

在大田试验条件下,研究不同栽插密度(行距)和施氮量对超级稻南粳44穗部性状及产量的影响。结果表明:与不施氮相比,施用氮肥可以增加穗长、着粒密度和每穗一、二次枝梗数,但穗长、着粒密度和二次枝梗数又随氮肥用量的增加呈下降趋势。相同施氮量条件下,不同栽插行距对穗长、着粒密度和每穗枝梗数的影响不同。施氮量的增加提高了单位面积穗数和每穗粒数,降低了结实率和千粒重。在本试验条件下,南粳44以氮肥用量300 kg/hm~2、栽插行距为26.7 cm时产量最高,达11 848.2 kg/hm~2。
嗜水气单胞菌耐药性研究进展

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)具有广泛的致病性,是水生动物尤其是鱼类最常见的致病菌。对嗜水气单胞菌耐药性的产生及机制包括固有耐药性、获得性耐药性以及耐药性基因的种类等进行了论述,并对发展前景进行了展望。
云南甘蔗主产区土壤pH、全氮磷钾的分布状况

研究表明,云南甘蔗主产区土壤pH普遍偏酸,全氮磷钾均处在中低水平;90%以上土样的pH在4.2~8.8之间,全氮含量在0.1~2.0g/kg之间,全磷含量0.02~1.5 g/kg之间,全钾含量在0.3~34 g/kg之间;各指标的变异程度,以全磷最大,pH最小。各市(州、县)中,红河州的土壤pH较接近中性,德宏州的土壤肥力较好。