# Generalized Lacunary Statistical Difference Sequence Spaces of Fractional Order

Authors: Ugur Kadak
Journal: International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
 (2015)

---

## Abstract

We generalize the lacunary statistical convergence by introducing the generalized difference operatorΔ
ν
α of fractional order, where α is a proper fraction and ν
=
(
ν
k
) is any fixed sequence of nonzero real or complex numbers. We study some properties of this operator and investigate the topological structures of related sequence spaces. Furthermore, we introduce some properties of the strongly Cesaro difference sequence spaces of fractional order involving lacunary sequences and examine various inclusion relations of these spaces. We also determine the relationship between lacunary statistical and strong Cesaro difference sequence spaces of fractional order.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

Byω, we denote the space of all real valued sequences and any subspace of w is called asequence space. Let l
∞, c, and c
0 be the linear spaces of bounded, convergent, and null sequences x
=
(
x
k
) with real or complex terms, respectively, normed by x
∞
=
s
u
p
k
x
k, where k
∈
N, the set of positive integers. With this norm, it is proved that these are all Banach spaces. Also by b
s, c
s, l
1, and l
p, we denote the spaces of all bounded, convergent, absolutely summable, and p-absolutely summable series, respectively.The concept of difference sequence space was determined by Kızmaz [1]. Et and Colak generalized difference sequence spaces [2]. Later on Et and Esi [3] generalized these sequence spaces to the following sequence spaces. Let ν
=
(
ν
k
) be any fixed sequence of nonzero complex numbers and let m be a nonnegative integer. Then, Δ
ν
m
(
X
)
=
{
x
=
(
x
k
)
:
(
Δ
ν
m
x
)
∈
X
} for X
=
l
∞
,
c or c
0, where m
∈
N, Δ
ν
0
x
=
(
ν
k
x
k
), Δ
ν
m
x
=
(
Δ
ν
m
-
1
x
k
-
Δ
ν
m
-
1
x
k
+
1
), and so Δ
ν
m
x
k
=
∑
i
=
0
m
‍
(
-
1
)
i
m
i
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i. These are Banach spaces with the norm defined by x
Δ
=
∑
i
=
1
m
‍
ν
i
x
i
+
s
u
p
k
|
Δ
ν
m
x
k
|
. Furthermore Et and Basarir [4] have generalized difference sequence spaces. Aydın and Başar [5] have introduced some new difference sequence spaces. Also the notion of difference sequence has been extended by Mursaleen [6], Mursaleen and Noman [7], Malkowsky et al. [8], and Bektaş et al. [9]. Also Tripathy et al. [10, 11] have generalized difference sequences by Orlicz functions.Letθ
=
(
k
r
) be the sequence of positive integers such that k
0
=
0, 0
<
k
r
<
k
r
+
1, and h
r
=
(
k
r
-
k
r
-
1
)
→
∞ as r
→
∞. Then θ is called a lacunary sequence. The intervals determined by θ will be denoted by I
r
=
(
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
]. Das and Mishra [12] introduced lacunary strong almost convergence. Colak et al. [13] have studied lacunary strongly summable sequences. Also some geometric properties of sequence spaces involving lacunary sequence have been examined by Karakaya [14]. Et has generalized Cesaro difference sequence spaces involving lacunary sequences [15].Besides the Cesaro sequence spacesC
e
s
p and C
e
s
∞ have been introduced by Shiue [16]. Jagers [17] has determined the Köthe duals of the sequence space C
e
s
p
(
1
<
p
<
∞
)
. Later on the Cesaro sequence spaces X
p and X
∞ of nonabsolute type are defined by Ng and Lee [18, 19].The main focus of the present paper is to generalize strong Cesaro and lacunary statistical difference sequence spaces and investigate their topological structures as well as some interesting results concerning the operatorΔ
ν
α.The rest of this paper is organized, as follows: in Section2, some required definitions and consequences related to the difference operator Δ
α are given. Also some new classes of difference sequences of fractional order involving lacunary sequences are determined and some topological properties are investigated. Section 3 is devoted to the strong Cesaro difference sequence spaces of fractional order. Prior to stating and proving the main results concerning these spaces, we give some theorems about the notion of linearity and B
K-space. In final section, we present some theorems related to the lacunary statistical convergence of difference sequences of fractional order and examine some inclusion relations of these spaces.


## 2. Some New Difference Sequence Spaces with Fractional Order

ByΓ
(
α
), we denote theEuler gamma function of a real number α. Using the definition, Γ
(
α
) with α
∉
{
0
,
-
1
,
-
2
,
-
3
,
…
} can be expressed as an improper integral as follows:(1)
Γ
α
=
∫
0
∞
e
-
t
t
α
-
1
d
t
.For a positive proper fraction α, Baliarsingh and Dutta [20, 21] (also see [22]) have defined the generalized fractional difference operator Δ
α as(2)
Δ
α
x
k
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
x
k
+
i
.In particular, we have (i)
Δ
1
/
2
(
x
k
)
=
x
k
-
1
/
2
x
k
+
1
-
1
/
8
x
k
+
2
-
1
/
16
x
k
+
3
-
5
/
128
x
k
+
4
-
7
/
256
x
k
+
5 − 21
/
1024
x
k
+
6
-
⋯,
(ii)
Δ
-
1
/
2
(
x
k
)
=
x
k
+
1
/
2
x
k
+
1
+
3
/
8
x
k
+
2
+
5
/
16
x
k
+
3 + 35
/
128
x
k
+
4
+
63
/
256
x
k
+
5 + 231
/
1024
x
k
+
6
+
⋯,
(iii)
Δ
2
/
3
(
x
k
)
=
x
k
-
2
/
3
x
k
+
1
-
1
/
9
x
k
+
2
-
4
/
81
x
k
+
3 − 7
/
243
x
k
+
4
-
14
/
729
x
k
+
5 − 91
/
6561
x
k
+
6
-
⋯.Theorem 1 (see [20]).
(a) For proper fractionα, Δ
α
:
ω
→
ω defined by (2) is a linear operator.
(b) Forα
,
β
>
0, Δ
α
(
Δ
β
(
x
k
)
)
=
Δ
α
+
β
(
x
k
) and Δ
α
(
Δ
-
α
(
x
k
)
)
=
x
k.Now, we determine the new classes of difference sequence spacesΔ
ν
α
(
X
) as follows:(3)
Δ
ν
α
X
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
Δ
ν
α
x
∈
X
,where Δ
ν
α
(
x
k
)
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
‍
(
-
1
)
i
Γ
(
α
+
1
)
/
i
!
Γ
(
α
-
i
+
1
)
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i and X is any sequence spaces.Theorem 2.
For a proper fractionα, if X is a linear space, then Δ
ν
α
(
X
) is also a linear space.Proof.
The proof is straightforward (see [20]).Theorem 3.
IfX is a Banach space with the norm ·
∞, then Δ
ν
α
(
X
) is also a Banach space with the norm ·
Δ
ν
α defined by(4)
x
Δ
ν
α
X
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
Δ
ν
α
x
∞
,where Δ
ν
α
x
∞
=
s
u
p
k
|
Δ
ν
α
(
x
k
)
|.Proof.
Proof of this theorem is a routine verification, hence omitted.Remark 4.
Without loss of generality, we assume throughout that each series given in (4) is convergent. Furthermore, if α is a positive integer, then these infinite sums in (4) reduce to finite sums; that is, ∑
i
=
0
α
‍
(
-
1
)
i
Γ
(
α
+
1
)
/
i
!
Γ
(
α
-
i
+
1
)
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i and ∑
i
=
0
α
‍
ν
i
x
i.Lemma 5.
Letα be a proper fraction. If X
⊂
Y, then Δ
ν
α
(
X
)
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
Y
).Proof.
LetX
⊂
Y and x
=
(
x
k
)
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
X
). It is trivial that (
Δ
ν
α
x
)
∈
X implies (
Δ
ν
α
x
)
∈
Y. Hence x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
Y
) and Δ
ν
α
(
X
)
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
Y
).Theorem 6.
LetX be a Banach space and K a closed subset of X. Then Δ
ν
α
(
K
) is also closed subset of Δ
ν
α
(
X
).Proof.
By using Lemma5, it is trivial that Δ
ν
α
(
K
)
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
X
). Now we prove that Δ
ν
α
(
K
)
¯
=
Δ
ν
α
(
K
¯
). Let x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
K
)
¯; then there exists a sequence (
x
n
)
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
K
) such that (5)
x
n
-
x
Δ
ν
α
K
⟶
0
as
n
⟶
∞
,
i.e.
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
n
-
x
i
+
s
u
p
k
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
n
-
x
k
+
i
⟶
0
i.e.
l
i
m
n
s
u
p
k
ν
k
x
k
n
-
x
k
-
α
ν
k
+
1
x
k
+
1
n
-
x
k
+
1
+
α
α
-
1
2
ν
k
+
2
x
k
+
2
n
-
x
k
+
2
+
⋯
=
0
.Thus, we observe that (6)
x
j
n
-
x
j
Δ
ν
α
K
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
n
-
x
i
+
Δ
ν
α
x
j
n
-
Δ
ν
α
x
j
∞
⟶
0
,as n
→
∞ in K. This implies that x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
K
¯
).
Conversely, letx
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
K
¯
); then x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
K
). Since K is closed Δ
ν
α
(
K
)
¯
=
Δ
ν
α
(
K
), hence Δ
ν
α
(
K
) is a closed subset of Δ
ν
α
(
X
).Theorem 7.
IfX is a B
K-space with the norm ·
∞, then Δ
ν
α
(
X
) is also a B
K-space with the norm given in (4).Proof.
It is clear thatΔ
ν
α
(
X
) is a Banach space (see Theorem 3). Suppose that x
j
n
-
x
j
Δ
ν
α
(
X
)
→
0 for each j
∈
N. One can conclude that ν
j
x
j
n
-
x
j
→
0 as n
→
∞ for each j
∈
N and implies Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
n
)
-
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
)
∞
→
0 as n
→
∞. This follows from the fact that (7)
s
u
p
k
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
n
-
x
k
+
i
⟶
0
,
ν
k
+
i
≠
0
,where P
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
‍
(
-
1
)
i
Γ
(
α
+
1
)
/
i
!
Γ
(
α
-
i
+
1
); since α
>
0 the series represented by P is finite. Hence |
x
j
n
-
x
j
|
→
0 as n
→
∞ for each j
∈
N. Therefore Δ
ν
α
(
X
) is a Banach space with the continuous coordinates. This completes the proof.Definition 8.
A sequencex
=
(
x
k
) is said to be Δ
ν
α-strongly Cesaro convergent if there is a real or complex number L such that(8)
l
i
m
n
→
∞
1
n
∑
k
=
0
n
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
-
L
p
=
0
for  some
L
,where p is a fixed positive number and α is a proper fraction. The number L is unique when it exists. By Δ
ν
α
(
ω
p
), one denotes the set of all strongly Δ
ν
α-Cesaro convergent sequences. In this case, one writes x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
ω
p
)
).Theorem 9.
The sequence spaceΔ
ν
α
(
ω
p
) is a Banach space for 1
≤
p
<
∞ normed by (9)
x
Δ
ν
1
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
s
u
p
n
∈
N
1
1
n
∑
k
=
0
n
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
1
/
pand a complete p-normed space with the p-norm (10)
x
Δ
ν
2
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
p
+
s
u
p
n
∈
N
1
1
n
∑
k
=
0
n
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
pfor 0
<
p
<
1.Proof.
Proof follows by using Theorem3.


## 3. Cesaro Difference Sequence Spaces of Fractional Order

In this section by using the operatorΔ
ν
α, we introduce some new sequence spaces C
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ, C
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ, C
∞
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ, C
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ, and N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ involving lacunary sequences θ and arbitrary sequence p
=
(
p
r
) of strictly positive real numbers.We define the sequence spaces as follows:(11)
C
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
∑
r
=
1
∞
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
r
<
∞
,
C
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
∑
r
=
1
∞
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
r
<
∞
,
C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
s
u
p
r
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
r
<
∞
,
C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
s
u
p
r
1
h
r
·
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
r
<
∞
,
N
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ
≔
x
=
x
k
∈
ω
:
l
i
m
r
1
h
r
·
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
-
L
p
r
=
0
,where ν
=
(
ν
k
) is a fixed sequence of nonzero real or complex numbers.Theorem 10.
Assume that(
p
r
) is a bounded sequence. Then the sequence spaces C
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ, C
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ, C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ, C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ, and N
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ are linear spaces.Proof.
Because the linearity may be proved in a similar way for each of the sets of sequences, hence it is omitted.Theorem 11.
Ifp
=
p
r for all r
∈
N, then the sequence space C
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ is a B
K-space with the norm defined by (12)
x
1
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
∑
r
=
1
∞
1
h
r
·
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
1
/
p
,
1
≤
p
.Also if p
r
=
1 for all r
∈
N, then the sequence spaces C
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ and N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
2
r are B
K-spaces with the norm defined by (13)
x
2
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
s
u
p
r
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
.Proof.
We give the proof for the spaceC
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ and that of others followed by using similar techniques.
Suppose(
x
n
) is a Cauchy sequence in C
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ, where x
n
=
(
x
j
n
) and x
m
=
(
x
j
m
) are two elements in C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ. Then there exists a positive integer n
0
(
ϵ
) such that x
n
-
x
m
2
→
0 as m, n
→
∞ for all m, n
≥
n
0
(
ϵ
) and for each j
∈
N. Therefore (
x
i
1
,
x
i
2
,
…
) and (
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
1
)
,
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
2
)
,
…
) are Cauchy sequences in complex field C and C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ, respectively. By using the completeness of C and C
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ, we have that they are convergent and suppose that x
i
n
→
x
i in C and (
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
n
)
)
→
y
j in C
∞
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ for each j
∈
N as n
→
∞. Then we can find a sequence (
x
j
) such that y
j
=
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
) for each j
∈
N. These x
j’s can be interpreted as (14)
x
j
=
1
ν
j
∑
i
=
1
j
-
k
-
1
r
Γ
j
-
i
k
-
1
!
Γ
j
-
i
-
k
+
1
y
i
=
1
ν
j
∑
i
=
1
j
-
1
r
k
-
1
!
Γ
j
+
k
-
i
Γ
j
-
i
+
1
y
i
-
k
,
y
1
-
k
=
y
2
-
k
=
⋯
=
y
0
=
0for sufficiently large j; that is, j
>
2
k. Then (
Δ
ν
α
(
x
n
)
)
=
(
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
1
)
,
Δ
ν
α
(
x
j
2
)
,
…
) converges to Δ
ν
α
x
j for each j
∈
N as n
→
∞. Thus x
n
-
x
2
→
0 as m
→
∞. Since C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ is a Banach space with continuous coordinates, that is, x
n
-
x
2
→
0 implies x
j
n
-
x
j
→
0 for each j
∈
N, as n
→
∞, this shows that C
∞
Δ
ν
α
,
p
θ is a B
K-space.Theorem 12.
Ifp
=
p
r for all r
∈
N, then the sequence space C
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ is a B
K-space with the norm defined by (15)
x
3
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
∑
r
=
1
∞
1
h
r
·
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
p
1
/
p
,
1
≤
p
.Also if p
r
=
1 for all r
∈
N, then the sequence space C
∞
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ is a B
K-space with the norm defined by (16)
x
4
=
∑
i
=
0
∞
ν
i
x
i
+
s
u
p
r
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
∑
i
=
0
∞
-
1
i
Γ
α
+
1
i
!
Γ
α
-
i
+
1
ν
k
+
i
x
k
+
i
.Proof.
The proof follows from Theorem11.Now, we can present the following theorem, determining some inclusion relations without proof, since it is a routine verification.Theorem 13.
Let two positive proper fractionsα
>
β
>
0 and p
r
=
p for each r
∈
N be given. Then the following inclusions are satisfied: (i)
C
(
Δ
ν
β
,
p
)
θ
⊂
C
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ,
(ii)
C
[
Δ
ν
β
,
p
]
θ
⊂
C
[
Δ
ν
α
,
p
]
θ,
(iii)
C
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
⊂
C
(
Δ
ν
α
,
q
)
θ, (
0
<
p
<
q
).


## 4. Lacunary Statistical Convergence of Difference Sequences

The concept of statistical convergence from different aspects has been studied by various mathematicians. The notion of statistical convergence was independently introduced by Fast [23] and Schoenberg [24].LetK be a subset of the set of natural numbers N. Then the asymptotic density of K denoted by δ
(
K
) is defined as δ
(
K
)
=
l
i
m
n
1
/
n
k
≤
n
:
k
∈
K, where the vertical bars denote the cardinality of the enclosed set.A number sequencex
=
(
x
k
) said to be statistically convergent to the number L if, for each ɛ
>
0, the set K
(
ɛ
)
=
k
≤
n
:
x
k
-
L
>
ɛ has asymptotic density zero; that is, l
i
m
n
1
/
n
k
≤
n
:
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
=
0.Definition 14.
Letθ
=
(
k
r
) be a lacunary sequence and α a proper fraction. Then the sequence x
=
(
x
k
) is said to be Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically convergent to a real or complex number L if, for each ɛ
>
0,(17)
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
=
0
,where the vertical bars denote the cardinality of the enclosed set. The set of Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically convergent sequences will be denoted by Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
). In this case we write x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
).In particular, theΔ
ν
α-lacunary statistical convergence includes many special cases; that is, in the case α
=
m
∈
N, Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistical convergence reduces to the Δ
ν
m-lacunary statistical convergence defined by [15].Theorem 15.
Let0
<
p
<
∞. If x
k
→
L
(
N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
) for p
r
=
p, then x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
). If x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
l
∞
) and x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
), then x
k
→
L
(
N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
).Proof.
Letx
=
(
x
k
)
∈
L
(
N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
) and ϵ
>
0 and let ∑
∗
‍ denote the sum over k
∈
(
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
] such that |
Δ
ν
α
(
x
k
)
-
L
|
≥
ɛ. We have that(18)
1
h
r
∑
∗
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
p
≥
1
h
r
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
ϵ
p
.So we observe, by passing to limit as r
→
∞, in (18) (19)
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
≤
1
ϵ
p
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
∑
∗
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
p
=
0which implies that x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
).
Suppose thatx
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
l
∞
) and x
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
)
). Then it is obvious that (
Δ
ν
α
x
)
∈
l
∞ and 1
/
h
r
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
→
0 as r
→
∞. Let ɛ
>
0 be given and there exists n
0
∈
N such that (20)
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
/
2
1
/
p
h
r
≤
ɛ
2
Δ
ν
α
x
∞
+
L
p
,where ∑
i
=
1
∞
‍
|
ν
i
x
i
|
=
L, for all r
>
n
0. Furthermore, we can write (21)
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
≤
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
Δ
ν
α
≤
L
+
Δ
ν
α
x
∞
=
x
Δ
ν
α
X
.For r
>
n
0,(22)
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
p
=
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
L
r
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
p
+
∑
k
∉
L
r
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
p
<
1
h
r
h
r
ɛ
2
+
h
r
ɛ
x
Δ
ν
α
X
p
2
x
Δ
ν
α
X
p
=
ɛ
,where L
r
=
{
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
≥
(
ɛ
/
2
)
1
/
p
}. Hence x
k
→
L
(
N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
). This completes the proof.Corollary 16.
The following statements hold:(a)
S
∩
l
∞
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
∩
Δ
ν
α
(
l
∞
),
(b)
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
∩
Δ
ν
α
(
l
∞
)
=
Δ
ν
α
(
ω
p
).Definition 17.
Letθ be a lacunary sequence and α a proper fraction. Then a sequence x
=
(
x
k
) is said to be Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically Cauchy if there exists a number N
=
N
(
ɛ
) such that(23)
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
k
∈
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
:
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
x
N
≥
ɛ
=
0for every ɛ
>
0.Theorem 18.
Ifx
=
(
x
k
) is a Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically convergent sequence, then x is a Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically Cauchy sequence.Proof.
Assume thatx
k
→
L
(
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
)
) and ɛ
>
0. Then |
Δ
ν
α
(
x
k
)
-
L
|
<
ɛ
/
2 for almost all k, and if we select N, then |
Δ
ν
α
(
x
N
)
-
L
|
<
ɛ
/
2 holds. Now, we have (24)
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
Δ
ν
α
x
N
<
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
+
Δ
ν
α
x
N
-
L
<
ɛfor almost all k. Hence x is a Δ
ν
α-lacunary statistically Cauchy sequence.Theorem 19.
Letα be a proper fraction and 0
<
i
n
f
p
r
≤
p
r
≤
s
u
p
p
r
<
∞. Then N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
).Proof.
Suppose thatx
=
(
x
k
)
∈
N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ and ∑
∗
‍ denote the sum over k
∈
(
k
r
-
1
,
k
r
] such that |
Δ
ν
α
(
x
k
)
-
L
|
≥
ɛ. Therefore we have (25)
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
p
r
≥
1
h
r
∑
∗
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
p
r
≥
1
h
r
∑
∗
ε
i
n
f
p
r
≥
1
h
r
k
∈
I
r
:
Δ
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
ε
i
n
f
p
r
.Taking the limit as r
→
∞, (26)
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
k
∈
I
r
:
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
≥
ɛ
≤
1
ε
i
n
f
p
r
l
i
m
r
→
∞
1
h
r
∑
k
∈
I
r
Δ
ν
α
x
k
-
L
p
r
=
0implies that x
∈
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
). Hence N
(
Δ
ν
α
,
p
)
θ
⊂
Δ
ν
α
(
S
θ
).


## 5. Concluding Remarks

In this paper, certain results on some lacunary statistical difference sequence spaces of orderm
(
m
∈
N
) have been extended to the difference sequence spaces of fractional order α. The results presented in this paper not only generalize the earlier works done by several authors [2, 3, 15, 20, 21] but also give a new perspective regarding the development of difference sequences. As a future work we will study certain matrix transformations of these spaces.



---

*Source: 984283-2015-10-04.xml*