# Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Spiro[thiadiazoline-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine)] Derivatives

Authors: Mohammed El Fal; Youssef Ramli; Abdelfettah Zerzouf; Ahmed Talbaoui; Youssef Bakri; El Mokhtar Essassi
Journal: Journal of Chemistry
 (2015)

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## Abstract

New heterocyclic compounds spiroderivatives of
allopurinol of biological interest were prepared from
allopurinol via thionation and 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition and were produced in high to excellent
yields. These compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral and spectroscopic data  (1H NMR, 13C, IR, and MS).
The antibacterial activity of the synthesized products was studied
using bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus,
Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia
coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Compounds having an ethyl group showed the best activity with MIC
value of 31.25 µg/mL against Staphylococcus
aureus and Streptococcus fasciens.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Heterocycles are widely distributed in nature and play a key role in the metabolism of all living cells. Among the many heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, the pyrazolopyrimidine ring is very interesting and versatile scaffold for the synthesis of potential drugs or molecular tools (Figure1). Among their many applications, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Figure 2) were used as inhibitor kinases [1, 2] antiviral agents [3, 4], adenosine antagonists [5–7], glutamate modulators [8], antituberculosis agents [3], and as antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth [9, 10].Figure 1
Pyrazolopyrimidine containing drugs.Figure 2
Example of bioactive molecules derived from pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and thiadiazole.In light of the great importance of spirocyclic systems containing one carbon atom common to two rings [11–13], in recent years efforts have been made in developing methodologies for the synthesis of these compounds especially by cycloaddition reactions [14–22].1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition is a subject of intense research during the last decade due to its great synthetic value. The cycloaddition is a method of synthesis of five membered heterocycles, which are difficult to prepare by other means.Generally, reactions of 1,3-dipoles with true heterocyclic thiones having the thione formA proceed via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the C=S double bond to form the spirocycloadducts, namely, spirothiadiazoles. The reaction of heterocyclic thionesA with nitrilimines, generatedin situ by base-catalyzed dehydrohalogenation of hydrazonoyl halides, has been described for synthesis of various derivatives of spiro[heterocycle-n,2′-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole]B (Figure 3).Figure 3
Synthesis of spiroheterocycles.In continuation of our work on the synthesis of the excess of allopurinol [23–28], compounds2 and2a-b have been synthesized by using reported methods [29–31]. Herein we report simple efficient synthesis of spiro thiadiazoline-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) derivatives4a-b by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diphenyl hydrazonoyl chloride3 with an equimolecular amount of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-thione derivatives2a-b. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity.


## 2. Materials and Methods

Generally the melting points were taken on an electrothermal capillary melting point apparatus. Infrared spectra (ν-cm−1) were recorded on a Perkin Elmer 577, using KBr disks. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 300 NMR Spectrometer in DMSO-d6. Spectra were internally referenced to TMS. Peaks are reported in ppm downfield of TMS. Mass spectra are recorded in a SYNAPT G2 HDMS (Waters) Spectrometer in electrospray ionization (ESI).


### 2.1. Thionation

3.67 mmol of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridine is refluxed in pyridine with 3.67 mmol of phosphorus pentasulfide for 4 hours. Then the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, and the precipitate formed is washed with hot water to remove residual dimerized P2S5 until there is colorless filtrate.1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2
). Yield = 90%; mp: 151°C. IR: ϑ=1585 cm−11H NMR (DMSO-d6): δppm: 8.11 (1H, s, CH); 8.22 (1H, s, CH); 13.47 (1H, s, NH); 13.92 (1H, s, NH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 105.05; 134.05 (Cq); 150.77 (CH); 151.20 (CH); 156.79 (Cq C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 153.17.1,5-Diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2a
). Yield = 75%; mp: 150°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 1.3 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz. CH3); 1.36 (3H, t, J=7.2, CH3); 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 4.51 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 8.15 (1H, s, CH); 8.72 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 14.56 (CH3); 15.15 (CH3); 42.38 (CH2); 46.34 (CH2); 118.17; 137.09 (Cq); 145.09 (CH); 149.99 (CH); 179.11 (Cq, C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 209.07.1,5-Dibenzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2b
). Yield = 70%; mp: 160°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 3.25 (2H, s, CH2); 3.78 (2H, s, CH2); 6.85–7.12 (q, 10HAr); 8.21 (1H, s, CH), 8.89 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 51.83 (CH2); 54.31 (CH2); 118.24; 127.94 (Cq); 128.11–137.89 (CHAr); 145.54 (CH); 150.95 (CH); 179.82 (Cq, C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 33.10.


### 2.2. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

To a solution of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (10 mmol) and diphenylnitrilimine (1.3 × 10 mmol) in THF (30 mL) triethylamine (2 mL) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 24 hours. The precipitate was collected by filtration and was separated by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate: 8/2).2,5-Diethyl-3′,5′-diphenyl-2,5-dihydro-3′H-spiro[pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-1,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazole] (4a). Yield = 60%; mp: 165°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, CH3); 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, CH3); 3.37 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz. CH2); 4.11 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 6.83–7.67 (q, J=7.7 Hz, 10HAr); 7.69 (1H, s, CH); 7.69 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 15.61 (CH3); 16.03 (CH3); 41.88 (CH2); 42.28 (CH2); 99.70; 100.79; 117.03; 126.38 (Cq); 129.26–142.20 (CHAr); 143.87 (CH); 148.01 (CH). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 403.16.2,5-Dibenzyl-3′,5′-diphenyl-2,5-dihydro-3′H-spiro[pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-1,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazole] (4b). Yield = 60%; mp: 185°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 3.65 (2H, s, CH2); 4.28 (2H, s, CH2); 7.25–7.32 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 20HAr); 8.81 (1H, s, CH); 8.99 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 50.83 (CH2); 53.21 (CH2); 77.2; 118.24; 121.02; 125.13; 127.94; 128.04; 128.15; 128.46; 128.79 (Cq); 129.12–137.9 (CHAr); 145.54 (CH); 150.95 (CH). HRM (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 527.39.


## 2.1. Thionation

3.67 mmol of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridine is refluxed in pyridine with 3.67 mmol of phosphorus pentasulfide for 4 hours. Then the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, and the precipitate formed is washed with hot water to remove residual dimerized P2S5 until there is colorless filtrate.1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2
). Yield = 90%; mp: 151°C. IR: ϑ=1585 cm−11H NMR (DMSO-d6): δppm: 8.11 (1H, s, CH); 8.22 (1H, s, CH); 13.47 (1H, s, NH); 13.92 (1H, s, NH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 105.05; 134.05 (Cq); 150.77 (CH); 151.20 (CH); 156.79 (Cq C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 153.17.1,5-Diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2a
). Yield = 75%; mp: 150°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 1.3 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz. CH3); 1.36 (3H, t, J=7.2, CH3); 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 4.51 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 8.15 (1H, s, CH); 8.72 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 14.56 (CH3); 15.15 (CH3); 42.38 (CH2); 46.34 (CH2); 118.17; 137.09 (Cq); 145.09 (CH); 149.99 (CH); 179.11 (Cq, C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 209.07.1,5-Dibenzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (
2b
). Yield = 70%; mp: 160°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 3.25 (2H, s, CH2); 3.78 (2H, s, CH2); 6.85–7.12 (q, 10HAr); 8.21 (1H, s, CH), 8.89 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 51.83 (CH2); 54.31 (CH2); 118.24; 127.94 (Cq); 128.11–137.89 (CHAr); 145.54 (CH); 150.95 (CH); 179.82 (Cq, C=S). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 33.10.


## 2.2. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

To a solution of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione (10 mmol) and diphenylnitrilimine (1.3 × 10 mmol) in THF (30 mL) triethylamine (2 mL) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 24 hours. The precipitate was collected by filtration and was separated by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate: 8/2).2,5-Diethyl-3′,5′-diphenyl-2,5-dihydro-3′H-spiro[pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-1,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazole] (4a). Yield = 60%; mp: 165°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, CH3); 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, CH3); 3.37 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz. CH2); 4.11 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz, CH2); 6.83–7.67 (q, J=7.7 Hz, 10HAr); 7.69 (1H, s, CH); 7.69 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 15.61 (CH3); 16.03 (CH3); 41.88 (CH2); 42.28 (CH2); 99.70; 100.79; 117.03; 126.38 (Cq); 129.26–142.20 (CHAr); 143.87 (CH); 148.01 (CH). HRMS (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 403.16.2,5-Dibenzyl-3′,5′-diphenyl-2,5-dihydro-3′H-spiro[pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-1,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazole] (4b). Yield = 60%; mp: 185°C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm: 3.65 (2H, s, CH2); 4.28 (2H, s, CH2); 7.25–7.32 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 20HAr); 8.81 (1H, s, CH); 8.99 (1H, s, CH). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δppm: 50.83 (CH2); 53.21 (CH2); 77.2; 118.24; 121.02; 125.13; 127.94; 128.04; 128.15; 128.46; 128.79 (Cq); 129.12–137.9 (CHAr); 145.54 (CH); 150.95 (CH). HRM (ESI) [M + H]: m/z = 527.39.


## 3. Results and Discussion

We first prepared 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thiones2a-b from1a-b by refluxing phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine. The identification of the product was determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectra.IR-spectra of compounds2a-ddid not contain C=O-group signals, the signal of C=S group (1500cm−1) was present. The spectra of 13C NMR corroborated the results of IR. In addition, its mass spectrum shows a molecular ion peak at m/z 152 (M+) corresponding to the molecular formula C5H4N4S compound2, molecular ion at m/z 208.07 (M+) corresponding to the molecular formula C9H12N4S compound2a and molecular ion at m /z 332.10 (M+) corresponding to the molecular formula C19H16N4S compound2b (Scheme 1, Figure 4) [23].Scheme 1
Thionation of 1,5-dialkyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one1a-b.Figure 4
ORTEP presentation of compound2b.We investigated the reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diphenyl hydrazonoyl chloride3 with equimolecular amount of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-thione2a in dry tetrahydrofuran in presence of triethylamine (Scheme 2); one cycloadduct was obtained as a result of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diphenyl nitrile imine ylide generatedin situ from diphenyl hydrazonoyl chloride and triethylamine, on the dipolarophilic group C=S.Scheme 2
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione2aand DPNI3.The structure of these compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectroscopic characteristics. The1H NMR spectra of4a (in DMSO-d6) showed an aromatic multiplet in the region of 6.83 to 7.67 ppm corresponding to the aromatic protons. Two downfield singlets were observed in the region of 7691–7968 ppm representing the protons for CH in pyrimidine ring and CH in pyrazole ring because of the high incidence of the aromatic ring system deshielding protons CH pyrimidine CH pyrazole. 1H NMR spectra of4a also showed the CH2 and CH3 signals as triplets and multiplets and between 1.12 and 1.27 ppm and between 3.37 and 4.11 ppm, respectively. 13C NMR spectra of4a exhibit in signal spirocarbon to 99.70 ppm, aromatic carbons 100.79 to 129.38 ppm, and the imine carbon to 142.2 and 139.93 ppm (HC=N). The mass spectrum shows a peak at m/z 403.16 corresponding to [M + H].In order to examine the N-substitution effect of alkyl group on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, 1,5-dibenzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-thione2a was chosen to be employed to react with DPNI. So in this case it was found that C=S group underwent the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and formed of novel spiro[thiadiazoline-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine)] (Scheme 3).Scheme 3
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 1,5-dibenzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione2band DPNI.The structure of compound4b was established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrum. Its IR spectrum showed a characteristic absorption band at 1647 cm−1 for the >C=N- indicating the spirocarbon formation. Its 1H NMR spectrum exhibited peaks at 7.25–7.32 ppm (20H) indicating the presence of aromatic protons. The two singlets at 3.65 ppm and 4.28 ppm relating to two protons of the two CH2 groups were also observed. 13C NMR spectra of4b exhibited, in particular, a spiro carbon signal at 77.2 ppm. The mass spectrum shows a peak at m/z 527.39 corresponding to [M + H].


### 3.1.In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

We studied spiropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines newly synthesized for their antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli (ATTC-25922),Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), andEnterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212) strains of bacteria by the diffusion method disk [32]. The MIC values of the compound against bacteria are presented in Table 1.Table 1
Antibacterial activity of the compounds: MIC inμg/mL.
Product
MIC inμg/μL
S. aureus
E. faecalis
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
1
250
125
250
250
1a
250
250
250
—
1b
125
62.5
62.5
250
2
250
125
125
250
2a
250
125
250
250
2b
250
250
250
250
4a
125
62.5
125
250
4b
31.25
31.25
125
125
Chlor
1.875
3.75
15
7.5
Amp
2.5
1.25
5
5
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration.We synthesized new spirocompounds with a high yield by cycloaddition reaction. They have showed moderate antibacterial activity against selected bacteria. All these compounds showed at an average concentration low antibacterial activity against the bacteria, except that compounds1a and4a showed higher activity, even at higher concentrations. Compound4b showed higher activity againstS. aureus andE. faecalis compared to bacteriaE. coli andP. aeruginosa.


## 3.1.In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

We studied spiropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines newly synthesized for their antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli (ATTC-25922),Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), andEnterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212) strains of bacteria by the diffusion method disk [32]. The MIC values of the compound against bacteria are presented in Table 1.Table 1
Antibacterial activity of the compounds: MIC inμg/mL.
Product
MIC inμg/μL
S. aureus
E. faecalis
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
1
250
125
250
250
1a
250
250
250
—
1b
125
62.5
62.5
250
2
250
125
125
250
2a
250
125
250
250
2b
250
250
250
250
4a
125
62.5
125
250
4b
31.25
31.25
125
125
Chlor
1.875
3.75
15
7.5
Amp
2.5
1.25
5
5
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration.We synthesized new spirocompounds with a high yield by cycloaddition reaction. They have showed moderate antibacterial activity against selected bacteria. All these compounds showed at an average concentration low antibacterial activity against the bacteria, except that compounds1a and4a showed higher activity, even at higher concentrations. Compound4b showed higher activity againstS. aureus andE. faecalis compared to bacteriaE. coli andP. aeruginosa.


## 4. Conclusion

In conclusion, a new class of heterocyclic spiro[thiadiazoline pyrazolopyrimidine] compounds was synthesized and their structure was determined and also tested for their antibacterial activityin vitro. This study is expected to take the tests of anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal, and anticancer activity because the literature gives some very interesting results on these topics.



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