# Characterization of CR-Lightlike-Warped Product of Indefinite Kaehler Manifolds

Authors: Rachna Rani; Rakesh Kumar; R. K. Nagaich
Journal: ISRN Mathematical Physics
 (2012)

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## Abstract

In this paper, we prove that there does not exist a warped product CR-lightlike submanifold in the formM=N⊥×λNT other than CR-lightlike product in an indefinite Kaehler manifold. We also obtain some characterizations for a CR-lightlike submanifold to be locally a CR-lightlike warped product.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The general theory of Cauchy-Riemann (CR-) submanifolds of Kaehler manifolds, being generalization of holomorphic and totally real submanifolds of Kaehler manifolds, was initiated in Bejancu [1] and has been further developed in [2–4] and others. Later on, Duggal and Bejancu [5] introduced a new class called CR-lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Kaehler manifolds. A special class of CR-lightlike submanifolds is the class of CR-lightlike product submanifolds. Duggal and Bejancu [5] and Kumar et al. [6] characterized a CR-lightlike submanifold to be a CR-lightlike product. In [7], the notion of warped product manifolds was introduced by Bishop and O’ Neill in 1969 and it was studied by many mathematicians and physicists. These manifolds are generalization of Riemannian product manifolds. This generalized product metric appears in differential geometric studies in a natural way. For instance, a surface of revolution is a warped product manifold. Moreover, many important submanifolds in real and complex space forms are expressed as warped product submanifolds. In view of its physical applications, many research articles have recently appeared exploring existence (or nonexistence) of warped product submanifolds in known spaces (cf. [8, 9], etc.). Chen [10] introduced warped product CR-submanifolds and showed that there does not exist a warped product CR-submanifold in the form M=N⊥×λNT in a Kaehler manifold where N⊥ is a totally real submanifold and NT is a holomorphic submanifold of M¯. He proved if M=N⊥×λNT is a warped product CR-submanifold of a Kaehler manifold M¯, then M is a CR-product, that is, there do not exist warped product CR-submanifolds of the form M=N⊥×λNT other than CR-product. Therefore, he called a warped product CR-submanifold in the form M=NT×λN⊥ a CR-warped product. Chen also obtained a characterization for CR-submanifold of a Kaehler manifold to be locally a warped product submanifold. He showed that a CR-submanifold M of a Kaehler manifold M¯ is a CR-warped product if and only if AJZX=JX(μ)Z for each X∈Γ(D), Z∈Γ(D′), μ a C∞-function on M such that Zμ=0 for all Z∈Γ(D′).The growing importance of lightlike submanifolds and hypersurfaces in mathematical physics, especially in relativity, motivated us to club the concept of CR-warped product with lightlike geometry. In this paper, we showed that there does not exist a warped product CR-lightlike submanifold in the formM=N⊥×λNT other than CR-lightlike product in an indefinite Kaehler manifold. We also obtained some characterizations for a CR-lightlike submanifold to be locally a CR-lightlike warped product.


## 2. Lightlike Submanifolds

We recall notations and fundamental equations for lightlike submanifolds, which are due to [5] by Duggal and Bejancu.Let(M¯,g¯) be a real (m+n)-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold of constant index q such that m,n≥1, 1≤q≤m+n-1 and let (M,g) be an m-dimensional submanifold of M¯ and g the induced metric of g¯ on M. If g¯ is degenerate on the tangent bundle TM of M, then M is called a lightlike submanifold of M¯. For a degenerate metric g on M,(2.1)TM⊥=∪{u∈TxM¯:g¯(u,v)=0,∀v∈TxM,x∈M},
is a degenerate n-dimensional subspace of TxM¯. Thus, both TxM and TxM⊥ are degenerate orthogonal subspaces but no longer complementary. In this case, there exists a subspace RadTxM=TxM∩TxM⊥ which is known as radical (null) subspace. If the mapping(2.2)RadTM:x∈M⟶RadTxM
defines a smooth distribution on M of rank r>0, then the submanifold M of M¯ is called r-lightlike submanifold and RadTM is called the radical distribution on M.LetS(TM) be a screen distribution which is a semi-Riemannian complementary distribution of Rad(TM) in TM, that is,(2.3)TM=RadTM⊥S(TM),S(TM⊥) is a complementary vector subbundle to RadTM in TM⊥. Let tr(TM) and ltr(TM) be complementary (but not orthogonal) vector bundles to TM in TM¯∣M and to RadTM in S(TM⊥)⊥, respectively. Then, we have(2.4)tr⁡(TM)=ltr(TM)⊥S(TM⊥),(2.5)TM¯∣M=TM⊕tr⁡(TM)=(RadTM⊕ltr(TM))⊥S(TM)⊥S(TM⊥).
Let u be a local coordinate neighborhood of M and consider the local quasiorthonormal fields of frames of M¯ along M, on u as {ξ1,…,ξr,Wr+1,…,Wn,N1,…,Nr,Xr+1,…,Xm}, where {ξ1,…,ξr}, {N1,…,Nr} are local lightlike bases of Γ(RadTM∣u), Γ(ltr(TM)∣u) and {Wr+1,…,Wn},{Xr+1,…,Xm} are local orthonormal bases of Γ(S(TM⊥)∣u) and Γ(S(TM)∣u), respectively. For this quasiorthonormal fields of frames, we have the following theorem.Theorem 2.1 (see [5]).
Let(M,g,S(TM),S(TM⊥)) be an r-lightlike submanifold of a semi-Riemannian manifold (M¯,g¯). Then, there exists a complementary vector bundle ltr(TM) of RadTM in S(TM⊥)⊥ and a basis of    Γ(ltr(TM)∣u) consisting of smooth section {Ni} of S(TM⊥)⊥∣u, where u is a coordinate neighborhood of M, such that
(2.6)g¯(Ni,ξj)=δij,g¯(Ni,Nj)=0,
where {ξ1,…,ξr} is a lightlike basis of  Γ(Rad(TM)).Let∇¯ be the Levi-Civita connection on M¯. Then, according to the decomposition (2.5), the Gauss and Weingarten formulas are given by(2.7)∇¯XY=∇XY+h(X,Y),∀X,Y∈Γ(TM),(2.8)∇¯XU=-AUX+∇X⊥U,∀X∈Γ(TM),U∈Γ(tr⁡(TM)),
where {∇XY,AUX} and {h(X,Y),∇X⊥U} belong to Γ(TM) and Γ(tr(TM)), respectively. Here, ∇ is a torsion-free linear connection on M, h is a symmetric bilinear form on Γ(TM) which is called second fundamental form, and AU is a linear operator on M and known as shape operator.According to (2.4), considering the projection morphisms L and S of tr(TM) on ltr(TM) and S(TM⊥), respectively, (2.7) and (2.8) give(2.9)∇¯XY=∇XY+hl(X,Y)+hs(X,Y),(2.10)∇¯XU=-AUX+DXlU+DXsU,
where we put hl(X,Y)=L(h(X,Y)), hs(X,Y)=S(h(X,Y)), DXlU=L(∇X⊥U), DXsU=S(∇X⊥U).Ashl and hs are Γ(ltr(TM))-valued and Γ(S(TM⊥))-valued, respectively, therefore, they are called the lightlike second fundamental form and the screen second fundamental form on M. In particular,
(2.11)∇¯XN=-ANX+∇XlN+Ds(X,N),(2.12)∇¯XW=-AWX+∇XsW+Dl(X,W),
where X∈Γ(TM), N∈Γ(ltr(TM)), and W∈Γ(S(TM⊥)).Using (2.4)-(2.5) and (2.9)–(2.12), we obtain(2.13)g¯(hs(X,Y),W)+g¯(Y,Dl(X,W))=g(AWX,Y),(2.14)g¯(hl(X,Y),ξ)+g¯(Y,hl(X,ξ))+g(Y,∇Xξ)=0,(2.15)g¯(ANX,N′)+g¯(N,AN′X)=0,
for any ξ∈Γ(RadTM), W∈Γ(S(TM⊥)), and N,N′∈Γ(ltr(TM)).LetP¯ be a projection of TM on S(TM). Now, we consider the decomposition (2.3), we can write(2.16)∇XP¯Y=∇X*P¯Y+h*(X,P¯Y),∇Xξ=-Aξ*X+∇X*tξ,
for any X,Y∈Γ(TM), and ξ∈Γ(RadTM), where {∇X*P¯Y,Aξ*X} and {h*(X,P¯Y),∇X*tξ} belong to Γ(S(TM)) and Γ(RadTM), respectively. Here ∇* and ∇X*t are linear connections on S(TM) and RadTM, respectively. By using (2.9)-(2.10) and (2.16), we obtain(2.17)g¯(hl(X,P¯Y),ξ)=g(Aξ*X,P¯Y),g¯(h*(X,P¯Y),N)=g¯(ANX,P¯Y).Definition 2.2.
Let(M¯,J¯,g¯) be a real 2m-dimensional indefinite Kaehler manifold and let M be an n-dimensional submanifold of M¯. Then M is said to be a CR-lightlike submanifold if the following two conditions are fulfilled: (a)
J(RadTM) is distribution on M such that
(2.18)RadTM∩J(RadTM)=0;(b)
there exist vector bundlesS(TM), S(TM⊥), ltr(TM), D0 and D′ over M, such that
(2.19)S(TM)={J(RadTM)⊕D′}⊥D0;J(D0)=D0;J(D′)=L1⊥L2,where Γ(D0) is a nondegenerate distribution on M, Γ(L1) and Γ(L2) are vector subbundles of Γ(ltr(TM)) and Γ(S(TM⊥)), respectively, and assume that M1=J(L1) and M2=J(L2).Clearly, the tangent bundle of a CR-lightlike submanifold is decomposed as(2.20)TM=D⊕D′,
where(2.21)D=RadTM⊥J(RadTM)⊥D0.Now, letS and Q be the projections on D and D′, respectively. Then, for any X∈Γ(TM), we can write(2.22)X=SX+QX,
where SX∈D and QX∈D′. Applying J to above equation, we get(2.23)JX=fX+wX,
where fX=J¯SX and wX=J¯QX. Clearly f is a tensor field of type (1,1) and w is Γ(L1⊥L2)-valued 1-form on M. Clearly, X∈Γ(D) if and only if wX=0. On the other hand, we set(2.24)JV=BV+CV,
for any V∈Γ(tr(TM)), where BV and CV are sections of TM and tr(TM), respectively.By using Kaehlerian property of∇¯ with (2.7) and (2.8), we have the following lemmas.Lemma 2.3.
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ then, one has
(2.25)(∇Xf)Y=AwYX+Bh(X,Y),(2.26)(∇Xtw)Y=Ch(X,Y)-h(X,fY),
for any X,Y∈Γ(TM), where
(2.27)(∇Xf)Y=∇XfY-f(∇XY),(2.28)(∇Xtw)Y=∇XtwY-w(∇XY).Lemma 2.4.
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ then, one has
(2.29)(∇XB)V=-fAVX+ACVX,(∇XC)V=-wAVX-h(X,BV),
for any X∈Γ(TM) and V∈Γ(tr(TM)), where
(2.30)(∇XB)V=∇XBV-B∇XtV,(∇XC)V=∇XtCV-C∇XtV.Theorem 2.5 (see [5]).
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Then, one has the following assertions. (i)
The almost complex distributionD is integrable if and only if the second fundamental form of M satisfies
(2.31)h(X,JY)=h(JX,Y),∀X,Y∈Γ(D).(ii)
The totally real distributionD′ is integrable if and only if the shape operator of M satisfies
(2.32)AJZU=AJUZ,∀Z,U∈Γ(D′).Theorem 2.6 (see [5]).
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Then, D defines a totally geodesic foliation on M if and only if, for any X,Y∈Γ(D), h(X,Y) has no component in Γ(L1⊥L2).


## 3. CR-Lightlike Warped Product

Warped Product
LetB and F be two Riemannian manifolds with Riemannian metrics gB and gF, respectively, and λ>0 a differentiable function on B. Assume the product manifold B×F with its projection π:B×F→B and η:B×F→F. The warped product M=B×λF is the manifold B×F equipped with the Riemannian metric g, where
(3.1)g=gB+λ2gF.
If X is tangent to M=B×λF at (p,q), then using (3.1), we have
(3.2)‖X‖2=‖π*X‖2+λ2(π(X))‖η*X‖2.
The function λ is called the warping function of the warped product. For differentiable function λ on M, the gradient ∇λ is defined by g(∇λ,X)=Xλ, for all X∈T(M).Lemma 3.1 (see [7]).
LetM=B×λF be a warped product manifold. If X,Y∈T(B) and U,V∈T(F), then
(3.3)∇XY∈T(B),(3.4)∇XV=∇VX=XλλV,(3.5)∇UV=-g(U,V)λ∇λ.Corollary 3.2.
On a warped product manifoldM=B×λF one has(i)
B is totally geodesic in M,(ii)
F is totally umbilical in M.Definition 3.3 (see [11]).
A lightlike submanifold(M,g) of a semi-Riemannian manifold (M¯,g¯) is said to be totally umbilical in M¯ if there is a smooth transversal vector field H∈Γ(tr(TM)) on M, called the transversal curvature vector field of M, such that
(3.6)h(X,Y)=Hg(X,Y),∀X,Y∈Γ(TM),
it is easy to see that M is a totally umbilical if and only if on each coordinate neighborhood u, there exist smooth vector fields Hl∈Γ(ltr(TM)) and Hs∈Γ(S(TM⊥)), such that
(3.7)hl(X,Y)=Hlg(X,Y),hs(X,Y)=Hsg(X,Y),Dl(X,W)=0,
for any W∈Γ(S(TM⊥)).Lemma 3.4.
LetM be a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ then, the distribution D′ defines a totally geodesic foliation in M.Proof.
LetX,Y∈Γ(D′), then (2.25) and (2.27) imply that f∇XY=-AwYX-Bh(X,Y). Let Z∈Γ(D0), then
(3.8)g(f∇XY,Z)=-g(AwYX,Z)=g¯(∇¯XJY,Z)=-g¯(∇¯XY,JZ)=-g¯(∇¯XY,Z′)=g(Y,∇XZ′),
where, Z′=JZ∈Γ(D0). Since X∈Γ(D′) and Z∈Γ(D0) then (2.26) and (2.28) imply that w∇XZ=h(X,fZ)-Ch(X,Z)=Hg(X,fZ)-CHg(X,Z)=0, this implies that ∇XZ∈Γ(D), then (3.8) implies that g(f∇XY,Z)=0, then the nondegeneracy of the distribution D0 implies that f∇XY=0 gives ∇XY∈Γ(D′) for any X,Y∈Γ(D′). Hence, the proof is complete.Theorem 3.5.
LetM be a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold, then the totally real distribution D′ is integrable.Proof.
Using (2.25) and (2.27) with the above lemma, for any X,Y∈Γ(D′), we get
(3.9)AwYX=-Bh(X,Y),
this implies AwYX∈Γ(D′) and also
(3.10)AwXY=-Bh(Y,X),
therefore, using (3.9) and (3.10), we get AwYX=AwXY, for any X,Y∈Γ(D′). This implies that the distribution D′ is integrable.Definition 3.6 (see [5]).
A CR-lightlike submanifoldM of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ is called a CR-lightlike product if both the distribution D and D′ define totally geodesic foliations in M.Theorem 3.7.
LetM be a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold M of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. If M=N⊥×λNT be a warped product CR-lightlike submanifold, then it is a CR-lightlike product.Proof.
SinceM is a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold, then using Lemma 3.4, the distribution D′ defines a totally geodesic foliation in M.
LethT and AT be the second fundamental form and the shape operator of NT in M, then for X,Y∈Γ(D) and Z∈Γ(D′), we have g(hT(X,Y),Z)=g(∇XY,Z)=-g¯(Y,∇¯XZ)=-g(Y,∇XZ). Using (3.4), we get
(3.11)g(hT(X,Y),Z)=-(Zln⁡λ)g(X,Y).
Now, let ĥ be the second fundamental form of NT in M¯, then
(3.12)ĥ(X,Y)=hT(X,Y)+hs(X,Y)+hl(X,Y),
for any X,Y tangent to NT, then using (3.11), we get
(3.13)g(ĥ(X,Y),Z)=g(hT(X,Y),Z)=-(Zln⁡λ)g(X,Y).
Since NT is a holomorphic submanifold of M¯, then we have ĥ(X,JY)=ĥ(JX,Y)=Jĥ(X,Y), therefore, we have
(3.14)g(ĥ(X,Y),Z)=-g(ĥ(JX,JY),Z)=(Zln⁡λ)g(X,Y).
Adding (3.13) and (3.14), we get
(3.15)g(ĥ(X,Y),Z)=0.
Using (3.12), we have g(h(X,Y),JZ)=g(ĥ(X,Y),JZ)-g(hT(X,Y),JZ)=g(ĥ(X,Y),JZ)=-g(Jĥ(X,Y),Z)=-g(ĥ(X,JY),Z)=0. Thus, g(h(X,Y),JZ)=0 implies that h(X,Y) has no components in L1⊥L2 for any X,Y∈Γ(D). This implies that the distribution D defines a totally geodesic foliation in M. Hence, M is a CR-lightlike product.Theorem3.7 shows that if M=N⊥×λNT is a warped product CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold, then it is CR-lightlike product, that is, there does not exist warped product CR-lightlike submanifolds of the form M=N⊥×λNT other than CR-lightlike product. Thus, for simplicity, we call a warped product CR-lightlike submanifold in the form M=NT×λN⊥ a CR-lightlike warped product.Lemma 3.8.
LetM be a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Let M=NT×λN⊥ be a proper CR-lightlike warped product of an indefinite Kaehler manifold, then NT is totally geodesic in M.Proof .
Let∇ be a linear connection on M induced from ∇¯. Let X,Y∈NT and Z∈N⊥, then we have g(∇XY,Z)=g¯(∇¯XY,Z)=-g(Y,∇XZ)-g(Y,hl(X,Z)), using (3.4), we get g(∇XY,Z)=-g(Y,hl(X,Z)). Since M is totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold, therefore, hl(X,Z)=hs(X,Z)=0. Hence, g(∇XY,Z)=0 implies that NT is totally geodesic in M.Theorem 3.9 (see[6]).
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Then distribution D defines totally geodesic foliation if and only if D is integrable.Theorem 3.10.
LetM be a totally umbilical proper CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯, then Hl=0.Proof.
LetM be a totally umbilical proper CR-lightlike submanifold then using (2.25) and (2.27), we have AwZZ=-f∇ZZ-Bhl(Z,Z)-Bhs(Z,Z), for Z∈Γ(M2). We obtain g(AJZZ,Jξ)+g(hl(Z,Z),ξ)=0. Using (2.13) and the hypothesis we obtain g(Z,Z)g(Hl,ξ)=0, then using the non degeneracy of M2, the result follows.


## 4. A Characterization of CR-Lightlike Warped Products

For a CR-lightlike warped products in indefinite Kaehler manifolds, we haveLemma 4.1.
LetM be a totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯, then for a CR-lightlike warped product M=NT×λN⊥ in an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯, one has (i)
g¯(hs(D,D),JM2)=0,(ii)
g¯(h(JX,Z),JZ1)=(Xlnλ)g(Z,Z1),for any X∈Γ(D) and Z,Z1∈Γ(M2)⊂Γ(D′).Proof.
SinceM¯ is Kaehlerian, therefore, for X∈Γ(D) and Z∈Γ(M2), we have J∇¯XZ=∇¯XJZ, since M is totally umbilical, therefore, we have J(∇XZ)=-AwZX+∇XswZ, then taking inner product with JY, where Y∈Γ(D), we get g(∇XZ,Y)=-g(AwZX,JY). Using (3.4), we obtain g(AwZX,JY)=0, then using (2.13), we get g¯(hs(D,D),JM2)=0.
Next for anyX∈Γ(D) and Z,Z1∈Γ(M2)⊂Γ(D′), we have g(h(JX,Z),JZ1)=g(∇¯ZJX,JZ1)=g(∇ZX,Z1)=(Xlnλ)g(Z,Z1). Hence, the proof is complete.Corollary 4.2.
LetZ∈Γ(M1)⊂Γ(D′), then clearly g(hs(D,D),JZ)=0 and also g(hl(D,D),JZ)=0 for any Z∈Γ(D′). Thus, g(h(D,D),JD′)=0, this implies that h(D,D) has no component in L1⊥L2, therefore, using Theorem 2.5, the distribution D defines a totally geodesic foliation in M.We have the following some characterizations of CR-lightlike warped product.Theorem 4.3.
A proper totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifoldM of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ is locally a CR-lightlike warped product if and only if
(4.1)AJZX=((JX)μ)Z,
for X∈D, Z∈D′ and for some function μ on M satisfying Uμ=0,U∈Γ(D′).Proof.
Assume thatM be a proper CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ satisfying (4.1). Let Y∈Γ(D) and Z∈Γ(M2)⊂Γ(D′), we have g(AJZX,JY)=g(((JX)μ)Z,JY)=0, then using (2.13), we get g(hs(D,D),JM2)=0. If Z∈Γ(M1)⊂Γ(D′), then clearly g(hs(D,D),JZ)=0 and also g(hl(D,D),JZ)=0 for any Z∈Γ(D′). Thus,
(4.2)g(h(D,D),JD′)=0,
that is, h(D,D) has no component in L1⊥L2, this implies that the distribution D defines totally geodesic foliation in M and consequently it is totally geodesic in M and using Theorem 3.9, the distribution D is integrable.
Taking inner product of (4.1) with U∈Γ(D′) and using that M is totally umbilical, we get g(((JX)μ)Z,U)=g(AJZX,U)=g(JZ,∇XU)=g(JZ,∇UX)=-g¯(∇¯UJZ,X)=g(∇UZ,JX), using the definition of gradient g(∇ϕ,X)=Xϕ, we get(4.3)g(∇UZ,JX)=g(∇μ,JX)g(Z,U).
Let h′ be the second fundamental form of D′ in M and let ∇′ be the metric connection of D′ in M then, particularly for X∈Γ(D0), we have
(4.4)g(h′(U,Z),JX)=g(∇UZ-∇U′Z,JX)=g(∇UZ,JX).
Therefore, from (4.3) and (4.4), we get g(h′(U,Z),JX)=g(∇μ,JX)g(Z,U), this further implies that
(4.5)h′(U,Z)=∇μg(Z,U),
this implies that the distribution D′ is totally umbilical in M. Using Theorem 3.5, the totally real distribution D′ is integrable and (4.5) and the condition Uμ=0 for U∈D′ imply that each leaf of D′ is an extrinsic sphere in M. Hence, by a result of [12] which say that “if the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold M splits into an orthogonal sum TM=E0⊕E1 of nontrivial vector subbundles such that E1 is spherical and its orthogonal complement E0 is autoparallel, then the manifold M is locally isometric to a warped product M0×λM1,” therefore, we can conclude that M is locally a CR-lightlike warped product NT×λN⊥ of M¯, where λ=eμ.
Conversely, letX∈Γ(NT) and Z∈Γ(N⊥), since M¯ is a Kaehler manifold so, we have ∇¯XJZ=J∇¯XZ, which further becomes -AJZX+∇XtJZ=((JX)lnλ)Z, comparing tangential components, we get AJZX=-((JX)lnλ)Z for each X∈Γ(D) and Z∈(D′). Since λ is a function on NT, so we also have U(lnλ)=0 for all U∈Γ(D′). Hence, the proof is complete.Lemma 4.4.
LetM=NT×λN⊥ be a CR-lightlike warped product of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯, then
(4.6)(∇Zf)X=fX(ln⁡λ)Z.(∇Uf)Z=g(Z,U)f(∇ln⁡λ),
for any U∈Γ(TM),X∈Γ(NT), and Z∈Γ(N⊥).Proof.
ForX∈Γ(NT) and Z∈Γ(N⊥), using (2.27) and (3.4), we have (∇Zf)X=∇ZfX=fX(lnλ)Z. Next, again using (2.27), we get (∇Uf)Z=-f∇UZ, this implies that (∇Uf)Z∈Γ(NT), therefore, for any X∈Γ(D0), we have
(4.7)g((∇Uf)Z,X)=-g(f∇UZ,X)=g(∇UZ,fX)=g¯(∇¯UZ,fX)=-g(Z,∇UfX)=-fX(ln⁡λ)g(Z,U).
Hence, using the definition of gradient of λ and the nondegeneracy of the distribution D0, the result follows.Theorem 4.5.
A proper totally umbilical CR-lightlike submanifoldM of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ is locally a CR-lightlike warped product if and only if
(4.8)(∇Uf)V=(fV(μ))QU+g(QU,QV)J(∇μ),
for any U,V∈Γ(TM) and for some function μ on M satisfying Zμ=0,Z∈Γ(D′).Proof.
LetM be a CR-lightlike submanifold of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯ satisfying (4.8). Let U,V∈Γ(D), then (4.8) implies that (∇Uf)V=0, then (2.25) gives Bh(U,V)=0. Thus D defines a totally geodesic foliation in M and consequently it is totally geodesic in M and integrable using Theorem 3.9.
LetU,V∈Γ(D′), then (4.8) gives(4.9)(∇Uf)V=g(QU,QV)J(∇μ).
Let X∈Γ(D0), then (4.9) implies that
(4.10)g((∇Uf)V,X)=g(QU,QV)g(J(∇μ),X).
Also
(4.11)g((∇Uf)V,X)=g(AwVU,X)=g¯(∇¯UV,JX)=g(∇UV,JX),
therefore, from (4.10) and (4.11), we get
(4.12)g(∇UV,JX)=-g(∇μ,JX)g(U,V).
Let h′ be the second fundamental form of D′ in M and let ∇′ be the metric connection of D′ in M, then
(4.13)g(h′(U,V),JX)=g(∇UV,JX),
therefore, from (4.12) and (4.13), we get g(h′(U,V),JX)=-g(∇μ,JX)g(U,V), then the nondegeneracy of the distribution D0 implies that
(4.14)h′(U,V)=-∇μg(U,V),
this gives that the distribution D′ is totally umbilical in M and using Theorem 3.5, the distribution D′ is integrable. Also, Zμ=0 for Z∈Γ(D′), hence as in Theorem 4.3, each leaf of D′ is an extrinsic sphere in M. Thus, M is locally a CR-lightlike warped product NT×λN⊥ of M¯, where λ=eμ.
Conversely, letM be a CR-lightlike warped product NT×λN⊥ of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Using (2.22), we can write(4.15)(∇Uf)V=(∇SUf)SV+(∇QUf)SV+(∇Uf)QV.
Since D defines totally geodesic foliation in M, therefore, using (2.25), we get
(4.16)(∇SUf)SV=0.
Using (4.6), we have
(4.17)(∇QUf)SV=fV(ln⁡λ)QU,(4.18)(∇Uf)QV=g(QU,QV)f(∇ln⁡λ).
Hence, from (4.15)–(4.18), the result follows.Theorem 4.6.
LetM be a locally CR-lightlike warped product of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯, then
(4.19)g¯((∇Utw)V,JZ)=-SV(μ)g(U,Z),
for any U,V∈Γ(TM) and for some function μ on M satisfying Zμ=0,Z∈Γ(D′).Proof.
LetM be a CR-lightlike warped product of an indefinite Kaehler manifold M¯. Therefore, the distribution D defines totally geodesic foliation in M, then using (2.25) for U,V∈Γ(D), we get
(4.20)g¯((∇Utw)V,JZ)=-g(h(U,fV),JZ)=-g(∇¯UV,Z)+g(∇UfV,JZ)=-g(∇UV,Z)+g(f∇UV,JZ)=0.
For U∈Γ(D),V∈Γ(D′) or U,V∈Γ(D′), using (2.25), we have
(4.21)g¯((∇Utw)V,JZ)=0.
Now let U∈Γ(D′) and V∈Γ(D), then using (3.4), we have
(4.22)g¯((∇Utw)V,JZ)=-g(h(U,fV),JZ)=-g(∇UV,Z)+g(f∇UV,JZ)=-V(ln⁡λ)g(U,Z).
Therefore, (4.19) follows from (4.21)–(4.22). Hence, the result is complete.



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*Source: 957176-2011-12-01.xml*