# Impact Parameter Dependence ofπ-/π+ Ratio in Probing the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Heavy-Ion Collisions

Authors: Gao-Feng Wei; Guo-Qiang He; Xin-Wei Cao; Yi-Xin Lu
Journal: Advances in High Energy Physics
 (2016)

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## Abstract

The impact parameter dependence ofπ-/π+ ratio is examined in heavy-ion collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon within a transport model. It is shown that the sensitivity of π-/π+ ratio on symmetry energy shows a transition from central to peripheral collisions; that is, the stiffer symmetry energy leads to a larger π-/π+ ratio in peripheral collisions while the softer symmetry energy always leads this ratio to be larger in central collisions. After checking the kinematic energy distribution of π-/π+ ratio, we found this transition of sensitivity of π-/π+ ratio to symmetry energy is mainly from less energetic pions; that is, the softer symmetry energy gets the less energetic pions to form a smaller π-/π+ ratio in peripheral collisions while these pions generate a larger π-/π+ ratio in central collisions. Undoubtedly, the softer symmetry energy can also lead more energetic pions to form a larger π-/π+ ratio in peripheral collisions. Nevertheless, considering that most of pions are insufficiently energetic at this beam energy, we therefore suggest the π-/π+ ratio as a probe of the high-density symmetry energy effective only in central at most to midcentral collisions, thereby avoiding the possible information of low-density symmetry energy carried in π-/π+ ratio from peripheral collisions.


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*Source: 9317873-2016-02-03.xml*