# Analysis of Athletes’ Training Characteristics Based on Action Statistics of Image Processing

Authors: Haozhen Li; Ruizhe Hu
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

---

## Abstract

Sports and physical exercise are so closely related that they cannot be described separately. The standardization of physical movements requires athletes to constantly improve their planning. Only when they approach the standard, the improvement of sports level is just around the corner. However, the traditional training standard method is limited by human factors and backward technology, and there are many drawbacks, and athletes’ training cannot reach the best state. In this paper, image deblurring is processed to get the reconstruction model of high-resolution image. Through the experiment on the statistics of the competition, the movement of transfer, out of bounds and arm holding in the standing stage, and the movement of rolling bridge and lifting and holding in the kneeling stage are predicted and prevented. For 55 kg, the key to win is the rolling bridge and lifting action; 60 kg attaches importance to the importance of tactical defense. These two lightweight competitions focus on comprehensive training, while the 120 kg heavyweight competition is more in pursuit of strength. Finally, the experiment runs well, and the data and effect can meet the design goal of this paper. The specific details of the optimization and improvement need to be improved in the next step.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

As we all know, sports competition has a series of complicated and cruel judging standards and rules. If athletes want to stand out from many contestants, they need to make great efforts to study the characteristics, requirements, and preferences of a certain sport … and then train day after day with strict standards. Because of the particularity of sports competition, whether the movements are standardized or not and whether the key nodes of related training are in place are the key to winning the final game. To help athletes improve their training movements better, it is necessary to introduce new technology-image processing technology. According to the characteristics of sports, this study especially uses high-speed photography and video image processing technology to count and standardize athletes’ daily training actions and analyzes athletes’ characteristics according to the image processing results, so as to make athletes’ daily training more standardized and perfect, and strive to maximize benefits while accurately adjusting training. So far, we have collected a lot of information and references about image processing in practical work and life. In literature [1], motion feature control method based on multimodal feature fusion is used to model motion features. Literature [2] uses multicore field programmable gate-array (FPGA) processor and convolution neural network to design a moving image processing system. Literature [3] focuses on the application of a wide range of digital image processing algorithms in sports applications. Literature [4] discusses competitive sports through image processing according to sports informatics and health science. Reference [5] proves that the principle of ball interruption in ball game can be used to process the system of moving ball speed and direction in motion. Literature [6] uses computer image processing to quantitatively study the characteristics of sports movements and establish a sports function model. Literature [7] combines image segmentation, tracking, and recognition programs into jersey numbers and proposes a video recognition method. Model-based image matching in literature [8] evaluates three-dimensional linear and rotational motion patterns of multiple camera views. Literature [9] studies the acute physiological reaction and temporal movement characteristics of young football players under the two-side training system. Literature [10] compares the movement characteristics of wrestling feints in the process of backward bending and hip throwing. Literature [11] uses a dedicated optoelectronic random parallel processor for real-time image processing. Low-cost motion tracking experimental device is based on image processing and camera calibration technology [12]. Literature [13] proposed multichannel feature extraction to generate antagonistic remote sensing image reconstruction, which can improve the edge information and feature extraction ability of the image. Reference [14] uses Lucy-Richardson filter to restore motion blurred images. Literature [15] analyzes the degradation model and restoration process of motion blurred images and improves the restoration method of motion blurred images. In the above research work, in view of the image in the action recognition, a fuzzy action image recognition accuracy is low, and there is a difference in the vision of action recognition. In this paper, the motion recognition based on deblurring image processing is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of human motion recognition. The method proposed in this paper can process the blurred image, so it has obvious advantages in the effect of image action recognition. The second part of the paper explains the basic theory of image processing, the third part explains the model of image deblurring, and finally, the fourth part explains the proposed method by experiments.


## 2. Theoretical Basis

### 2.1. Greco-Roman Wrestling

Wrestling [16] was first embodied in military affairs. There are related documents and materials both at home and abroad to record and expound wrestling. It can be said that it has been recognized as an ancient sports which appears earliest in the world and can reflect whether the physical quality is strong or not. In addition, it also has a high audience appreciation function. Now, it is divided into Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling. Compared with freestyle wrestling, which appeared later and was more restricted, Greco-Roman wrestling was less restrictive. You can use your arms to hold your lower limbs, and you can also use your legs and feet to trip. However, it is precisely because of the antiquity of Greco-Roman wrestling that people focus on how to create new rules and further development. There are few studies on the statistics and characteristics of Greco-Roman wrestling tactics, and the judgment of competition results is easy to be ambiguous and difficult to define, which greatly reduces the efficiency of relevant personnel in judging results. Nowadays, because of the great changes in innovative technologies such as the Internet, people have ignored the benefits of combining the old with the new. We can use the rapid development of computer technology as an auxiliary tool to help people better define and judge, minimize the fairness imbalance caused by human factors and nonstandard tactics, and promote the Greco-Roman wrestling tactics to glow with new vitality. In this way, athletes can statistically analyze their own advantages and disadvantages according to their own characteristics, and correct the problems accurately and effectively, which provides useful suggestions for future training and competition.


### 2.2. Digital Image Concept

Images [17] are divided into analog images and digital images. Analog images have to be transformed before they can be recognized. Digital images are more convenient and widely used than analog images. Generally speaking, image processing technology refers to word images, not analog images.The digital image is represented by a two-dimensional array [18]. Pixel point is its basic storage digital unit; for pixels, each pixel is unique, it has a unique plane position coordinates and determinable values, and the computer uses pixels to represent images. In this paper, JPEG format images are used, which is convenient for compression and storage. Almost all shooting devices in the market can support this format.


### 2.3. Digital Image Correlation Technology

The unit of pixels is converted to centimeters. The specific formula is as follows:(1)LActual=LPixel∗100LRulercm.


#### 2.3.1. Image Resolution

Resolution [19] represents the image size and the number of pixels per inch. The larger the resolution, the higher the image quality, and the larger the memory occupied by the file; on the contrary, small resolution leads to blurred images and distorted pictures. The expression of image details will be blurred. It is expressed by “horizontalpixels×verticalpixels.”


#### 2.3.2. Image Enhancement and Sharpening

Image enhancement technology can help users to improve image clarity, obtain the required interesting features, meet the requirements of action feature analysis, and render a good visual effect. Prevent noise from interfering with the image. Sharpening of the image [20] can also make the image clear.
(2)dx,y=fx,y−gx,y.


#### 2.3.3. Grayening of Images

The grayscale of the image [21] depends on the RGB [22] color scale relationship. The technology of converting color images into gray images with fewer pixels and smaller file memory. Greatly reduce the burden of image processing and improve the speed. Figure 1 shows a spatial representation of RGB.Figure 1
RGB color space.We have five commonly used image grayscale methods.Floating-point algorithm(3)Gray=R∗0.3+G∗0.59+B∗0.11.Integer method(4)Gray=R∗30+G∗59+B∗11100.Shift algorithm(5)Gray=R∗76+G∗150+B∗30≫8.Average method(6)Gray=R+G+B3.Formula (3)–Formula (5) set the distribution of three kinds of color in RGB, which is a reasonable distribution value from human vision. So as to realize the image gray processing, these processing schemes can achieve the visual optimal image processing.Green method only [23]
(7)Gray=G.Grayscale photos ofM×N size, all grayscale values are zi,i=0,1,2,⋯,L−1. The probability of gray level zk in this photo [24]:
(8)pzk=nkMN,(9)∑k=0L−1pzk=1.From formula (7) and formula (8), the average grayscale, grayscale variance, and n-step distance can be obtained:
(10)m=∑k=0L−1zkpzk,σ2=∑k=0L−1zk−m2pzk,μnz=∑k=0L−1zk−mnpzk.


#### 2.3.4. Image Binarization

After the image grayscale processing, the image appears black (pixel value is 0) or white (pixel value is 255), and binarization operation [25]can reduce the difficulty of subsequent image processing and further reduce the occupation of storage space.
(11)gx,y=0GrayvalueislessthanthresholdT,255GrayvalueisgreaterthanthresholdT.


#### 2.3.5. Image Edge Detection

Identify the gray value change of image edge:(12)∇2fx,y=∂2fx,y∂x2+∂2fx,y∂y2,∇2fx,y=fx+1,y+fx−1,y+fx,y+1+fx,y−1−4fx+1,y.


## 2.1. Greco-Roman Wrestling

Wrestling [16] was first embodied in military affairs. There are related documents and materials both at home and abroad to record and expound wrestling. It can be said that it has been recognized as an ancient sports which appears earliest in the world and can reflect whether the physical quality is strong or not. In addition, it also has a high audience appreciation function. Now, it is divided into Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling. Compared with freestyle wrestling, which appeared later and was more restricted, Greco-Roman wrestling was less restrictive. You can use your arms to hold your lower limbs, and you can also use your legs and feet to trip. However, it is precisely because of the antiquity of Greco-Roman wrestling that people focus on how to create new rules and further development. There are few studies on the statistics and characteristics of Greco-Roman wrestling tactics, and the judgment of competition results is easy to be ambiguous and difficult to define, which greatly reduces the efficiency of relevant personnel in judging results. Nowadays, because of the great changes in innovative technologies such as the Internet, people have ignored the benefits of combining the old with the new. We can use the rapid development of computer technology as an auxiliary tool to help people better define and judge, minimize the fairness imbalance caused by human factors and nonstandard tactics, and promote the Greco-Roman wrestling tactics to glow with new vitality. In this way, athletes can statistically analyze their own advantages and disadvantages according to their own characteristics, and correct the problems accurately and effectively, which provides useful suggestions for future training and competition.


## 2.2. Digital Image Concept

Images [17] are divided into analog images and digital images. Analog images have to be transformed before they can be recognized. Digital images are more convenient and widely used than analog images. Generally speaking, image processing technology refers to word images, not analog images.The digital image is represented by a two-dimensional array [18]. Pixel point is its basic storage digital unit; for pixels, each pixel is unique, it has a unique plane position coordinates and determinable values, and the computer uses pixels to represent images. In this paper, JPEG format images are used, which is convenient for compression and storage. Almost all shooting devices in the market can support this format.


## 2.3. Digital Image Correlation Technology

The unit of pixels is converted to centimeters. The specific formula is as follows:(1)LActual=LPixel∗100LRulercm.


### 2.3.1. Image Resolution

Resolution [19] represents the image size and the number of pixels per inch. The larger the resolution, the higher the image quality, and the larger the memory occupied by the file; on the contrary, small resolution leads to blurred images and distorted pictures. The expression of image details will be blurred. It is expressed by “horizontalpixels×verticalpixels.”


### 2.3.2. Image Enhancement and Sharpening

Image enhancement technology can help users to improve image clarity, obtain the required interesting features, meet the requirements of action feature analysis, and render a good visual effect. Prevent noise from interfering with the image. Sharpening of the image [20] can also make the image clear.
(2)dx,y=fx,y−gx,y.


### 2.3.3. Grayening of Images

The grayscale of the image [21] depends on the RGB [22] color scale relationship. The technology of converting color images into gray images with fewer pixels and smaller file memory. Greatly reduce the burden of image processing and improve the speed. Figure 1 shows a spatial representation of RGB.Figure 1
RGB color space.We have five commonly used image grayscale methods.Floating-point algorithm(3)Gray=R∗0.3+G∗0.59+B∗0.11.Integer method(4)Gray=R∗30+G∗59+B∗11100.Shift algorithm(5)Gray=R∗76+G∗150+B∗30≫8.Average method(6)Gray=R+G+B3.Formula (3)–Formula (5) set the distribution of three kinds of color in RGB, which is a reasonable distribution value from human vision. So as to realize the image gray processing, these processing schemes can achieve the visual optimal image processing.Green method only [23]
(7)Gray=G.Grayscale photos ofM×N size, all grayscale values are zi,i=0,1,2,⋯,L−1. The probability of gray level zk in this photo [24]:
(8)pzk=nkMN,(9)∑k=0L−1pzk=1.From formula (7) and formula (8), the average grayscale, grayscale variance, and n-step distance can be obtained:
(10)m=∑k=0L−1zkpzk,σ2=∑k=0L−1zk−m2pzk,μnz=∑k=0L−1zk−mnpzk.


### 2.3.4. Image Binarization

After the image grayscale processing, the image appears black (pixel value is 0) or white (pixel value is 255), and binarization operation [25]can reduce the difficulty of subsequent image processing and further reduce the occupation of storage space.
(11)gx,y=0GrayvalueislessthanthresholdT,255GrayvalueisgreaterthanthresholdT.


### 2.3.5. Image Edge Detection

Identify the gray value change of image edge:(12)∇2fx,y=∂2fx,y∂x2+∂2fx,y∂y2,∇2fx,y=fx+1,y+fx−1,y+fx,y+1+fx,y−1−4fx+1,y.


## 2.3.1. Image Resolution

Resolution [19] represents the image size and the number of pixels per inch. The larger the resolution, the higher the image quality, and the larger the memory occupied by the file; on the contrary, small resolution leads to blurred images and distorted pictures. The expression of image details will be blurred. It is expressed by “horizontalpixels×verticalpixels.”


## 2.3.2. Image Enhancement and Sharpening

Image enhancement technology can help users to improve image clarity, obtain the required interesting features, meet the requirements of action feature analysis, and render a good visual effect. Prevent noise from interfering with the image. Sharpening of the image [20] can also make the image clear.
(2)dx,y=fx,y−gx,y.


## 2.3.3. Grayening of Images

The grayscale of the image [21] depends on the RGB [22] color scale relationship. The technology of converting color images into gray images with fewer pixels and smaller file memory. Greatly reduce the burden of image processing and improve the speed. Figure 1 shows a spatial representation of RGB.Figure 1
RGB color space.We have five commonly used image grayscale methods.Floating-point algorithm(3)Gray=R∗0.3+G∗0.59+B∗0.11.Integer method(4)Gray=R∗30+G∗59+B∗11100.Shift algorithm(5)Gray=R∗76+G∗150+B∗30≫8.Average method(6)Gray=R+G+B3.Formula (3)–Formula (5) set the distribution of three kinds of color in RGB, which is a reasonable distribution value from human vision. So as to realize the image gray processing, these processing schemes can achieve the visual optimal image processing.Green method only [23]
(7)Gray=G.Grayscale photos ofM×N size, all grayscale values are zi,i=0,1,2,⋯,L−1. The probability of gray level zk in this photo [24]:
(8)pzk=nkMN,(9)∑k=0L−1pzk=1.From formula (7) and formula (8), the average grayscale, grayscale variance, and n-step distance can be obtained:
(10)m=∑k=0L−1zkpzk,σ2=∑k=0L−1zk−m2pzk,μnz=∑k=0L−1zk−mnpzk.


## 2.3.4. Image Binarization

After the image grayscale processing, the image appears black (pixel value is 0) or white (pixel value is 255), and binarization operation [25]can reduce the difficulty of subsequent image processing and further reduce the occupation of storage space.
(11)gx,y=0GrayvalueislessthanthresholdT,255GrayvalueisgreaterthanthresholdT.


## 2.3.5. Image Edge Detection

Identify the gray value change of image edge:(12)∇2fx,y=∂2fx,y∂x2+∂2fx,y∂y2,∇2fx,y=fx+1,y+fx−1,y+fx,y+1+fx,y−1−4fx+1,y.


## 3. Design and Implementation of Analysis

### 3.1. Image Processing

In this study, according to the brand effect and use effect, we finally decided to use a certain Sony device to complete the shooting work. Shooting mainly obtains two-dimensional plane images, ensures the high-quality image quality, and unifies the image parameter standards.In this paper, the advanced digital image processing technology is used to record the athletes’ images during training, and the related image processing technology is used to carry out a series of image processing. Figure2 is a basic flowchart for performing image processing.Figure 2
Image processing flow.


### 3.2. Motion Blur Optimization

When athletes do Greco-Roman wrestling, most movements are instantaneous high-speed movements, so when shooting and capturing athletes’ movements, photography often captures blurred images, and even after image enhancement and sharpening operations, the blurred problem of images cannot be improved well. At this time, it is necessary to reconstruct the images to make them clear.


#### 3.2.1. Image Degradation Model

Simplify the degradation restoration process, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Schematic diagram of image restoration process.The initial imageux,y refers to the degradation function H and introduces the noise nx,y to form the blurred image gx,y.
(13)gx,y=∬fξ,η0thx−ξ,y−ηdξdη+nx,y.After Fourier transform, the formula is:(14)Giu,v=Fu,vhiu,v+Niu,v.After continuous image discretization, the formula is:(15)Gim1,m2=Fn1,n2him1,m2;n1,n2+Nim1,m2.Expressed in a matrix as:(16)G=G1G2⋮Gn=H1H2⋮HnF+N1N2⋮Nn=HF+N.Consider the exposure rate of all pixels on charge-coupled device (CCD):(17)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1.Receive formula ing1,1:
(18)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1,g1,1=1N1,1+f2,2+⋯+fN−1,N−1+fN,N.The formula atgm,n:
(19)gm,n=1Nm,n+fm+1,n+1+⋯fm+N−2,n+N−2+fm+N−1,n+N−1.


#### 3.2.2. Superresolution Reconstruction of Blurred Image

Basic interpolation method, in whichω is the input parameter of function Sω:
(20)Sω=1−2ω2+ω30≤ω<1,4−8ω+5ω2−ω31≤ω<2,0ω≥2.Bicubic interpolation results:(21)fi+u,j+v=A×B×C,A=S1+vSvS1−vS2−v,B=fi−1,j−1fi−1,jfi−1,j+1fi−1,j+2fi,j−1fi,jfi,j+1fi,j+2fi+1,j−1fi+1,jfi+1,j+1fi+1,j+2fi+2,j−1fi+2,jfi+2,j+1fi+2,j+2,C=S1+uSuS1−uS2−u.


### 3.3. Design Framework

#### 3.3.1. Anthropometric Points

Before image processing, confirm the position of the athlete’s human body in the image, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Confirmation points of various parts of human body.


#### 3.3.2. Greco-Roman Wrestling Tactical Skills

Figure5 shows the relevant content.Figure 5
Tactical feature analysis and classification.Specific classification statistics of Greco-Roman wrestling tactics and skills are shown in Tables1–3.Table 1
Standing position-technical aspects.
TransferArm claspHold and foldShoulder-neck transferOne shoulder over the backSneak into the foldPosterior dorsal metastasisClamp the back of neckWinding arm punching and holding foldArm transferPosterior inverted back—Turn-up transferThoracic trauma—Submersible transferLower handle back—Other class transfer——Table 2
Kneeling position-technical aspects.
Kneeling positionShoulder and neckRolling bridgeLift and holdShawl neck rolling bridgeRolling bridge with waistReverse lifting and holdingShawl neck rolling bridge counterattackLock arm rolling bridgeRiding and huggingShawl poutVariable direction rolling bridgeSide liftShawl neck othersBosom-holding rolling bridgeDouble riding hug—Rolling bridge counterattack——Riding and holding variable rolling bridge——Lifting and holding variable rolling bridge—Table 3
Tactical aspects.
Change of body positionThe purpose of the actionCombination of actionsComplex tacticsStanding tactics-forcingSide-line tactics-forcingSingle technologySpace tacticsOpponents out of boundsOpponents out of boundsCombination technologyTime tacticsKneeling tactics-defenseLength control tactics———Short tactics———Distribution tactics———Feint attack tactics———Psychological tactics——


## 3.1. Image Processing

In this study, according to the brand effect and use effect, we finally decided to use a certain Sony device to complete the shooting work. Shooting mainly obtains two-dimensional plane images, ensures the high-quality image quality, and unifies the image parameter standards.In this paper, the advanced digital image processing technology is used to record the athletes’ images during training, and the related image processing technology is used to carry out a series of image processing. Figure2 is a basic flowchart for performing image processing.Figure 2
Image processing flow.


## 3.2. Motion Blur Optimization

When athletes do Greco-Roman wrestling, most movements are instantaneous high-speed movements, so when shooting and capturing athletes’ movements, photography often captures blurred images, and even after image enhancement and sharpening operations, the blurred problem of images cannot be improved well. At this time, it is necessary to reconstruct the images to make them clear.


### 3.2.1. Image Degradation Model

Simplify the degradation restoration process, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Schematic diagram of image restoration process.The initial imageux,y refers to the degradation function H and introduces the noise nx,y to form the blurred image gx,y.
(13)gx,y=∬fξ,η0thx−ξ,y−ηdξdη+nx,y.After Fourier transform, the formula is:(14)Giu,v=Fu,vhiu,v+Niu,v.After continuous image discretization, the formula is:(15)Gim1,m2=Fn1,n2him1,m2;n1,n2+Nim1,m2.Expressed in a matrix as:(16)G=G1G2⋮Gn=H1H2⋮HnF+N1N2⋮Nn=HF+N.Consider the exposure rate of all pixels on charge-coupled device (CCD):(17)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1.Receive formula ing1,1:
(18)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1,g1,1=1N1,1+f2,2+⋯+fN−1,N−1+fN,N.The formula atgm,n:
(19)gm,n=1Nm,n+fm+1,n+1+⋯fm+N−2,n+N−2+fm+N−1,n+N−1.


### 3.2.2. Superresolution Reconstruction of Blurred Image

Basic interpolation method, in whichω is the input parameter of function Sω:
(20)Sω=1−2ω2+ω30≤ω<1,4−8ω+5ω2−ω31≤ω<2,0ω≥2.Bicubic interpolation results:(21)fi+u,j+v=A×B×C,A=S1+vSvS1−vS2−v,B=fi−1,j−1fi−1,jfi−1,j+1fi−1,j+2fi,j−1fi,jfi,j+1fi,j+2fi+1,j−1fi+1,jfi+1,j+1fi+1,j+2fi+2,j−1fi+2,jfi+2,j+1fi+2,j+2,C=S1+uSuS1−uS2−u.


## 3.2.1. Image Degradation Model

Simplify the degradation restoration process, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Schematic diagram of image restoration process.The initial imageux,y refers to the degradation function H and introduces the noise nx,y to form the blurred image gx,y.
(13)gx,y=∬fξ,η0thx−ξ,y−ηdξdη+nx,y.After Fourier transform, the formula is:(14)Giu,v=Fu,vhiu,v+Niu,v.After continuous image discretization, the formula is:(15)Gim1,m2=Fn1,n2him1,m2;n1,n2+Nim1,m2.Expressed in a matrix as:(16)G=G1G2⋮Gn=H1H2⋮HnF+N1N2⋮Nn=HF+N.Consider the exposure rate of all pixels on charge-coupled device (CCD):(17)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1.Receive formula ing1,1:
(18)g0,0=1N0,0+f1,1+⋯+fN−2,N−2+fN−1,N−1,g1,1=1N1,1+f2,2+⋯+fN−1,N−1+fN,N.The formula atgm,n:
(19)gm,n=1Nm,n+fm+1,n+1+⋯fm+N−2,n+N−2+fm+N−1,n+N−1.


## 3.2.2. Superresolution Reconstruction of Blurred Image

Basic interpolation method, in whichω is the input parameter of function Sω:
(20)Sω=1−2ω2+ω30≤ω<1,4−8ω+5ω2−ω31≤ω<2,0ω≥2.Bicubic interpolation results:(21)fi+u,j+v=A×B×C,A=S1+vSvS1−vS2−v,B=fi−1,j−1fi−1,jfi−1,j+1fi−1,j+2fi,j−1fi,jfi,j+1fi,j+2fi+1,j−1fi+1,jfi+1,j+1fi+1,j+2fi+2,j−1fi+2,jfi+2,j+1fi+2,j+2,C=S1+uSuS1−uS2−u.


## 3.3. Design Framework

### 3.3.1. Anthropometric Points

Before image processing, confirm the position of the athlete’s human body in the image, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Confirmation points of various parts of human body.


### 3.3.2. Greco-Roman Wrestling Tactical Skills

Figure5 shows the relevant content.Figure 5
Tactical feature analysis and classification.Specific classification statistics of Greco-Roman wrestling tactics and skills are shown in Tables1–3.Table 1
Standing position-technical aspects.
TransferArm claspHold and foldShoulder-neck transferOne shoulder over the backSneak into the foldPosterior dorsal metastasisClamp the back of neckWinding arm punching and holding foldArm transferPosterior inverted back—Turn-up transferThoracic trauma—Submersible transferLower handle back—Other class transfer——Table 2
Kneeling position-technical aspects.
Kneeling positionShoulder and neckRolling bridgeLift and holdShawl neck rolling bridgeRolling bridge with waistReverse lifting and holdingShawl neck rolling bridge counterattackLock arm rolling bridgeRiding and huggingShawl poutVariable direction rolling bridgeSide liftShawl neck othersBosom-holding rolling bridgeDouble riding hug—Rolling bridge counterattack——Riding and holding variable rolling bridge——Lifting and holding variable rolling bridge—Table 3
Tactical aspects.
Change of body positionThe purpose of the actionCombination of actionsComplex tacticsStanding tactics-forcingSide-line tactics-forcingSingle technologySpace tacticsOpponents out of boundsOpponents out of boundsCombination technologyTime tacticsKneeling tactics-defenseLength control tactics———Short tactics———Distribution tactics———Feint attack tactics———Psychological tactics——


## 3.3.1. Anthropometric Points

Before image processing, confirm the position of the athlete’s human body in the image, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Confirmation points of various parts of human body.


## 3.3.2. Greco-Roman Wrestling Tactical Skills

Figure5 shows the relevant content.Figure 5
Tactical feature analysis and classification.Specific classification statistics of Greco-Roman wrestling tactics and skills are shown in Tables1–3.Table 1
Standing position-technical aspects.
TransferArm claspHold and foldShoulder-neck transferOne shoulder over the backSneak into the foldPosterior dorsal metastasisClamp the back of neckWinding arm punching and holding foldArm transferPosterior inverted back—Turn-up transferThoracic trauma—Submersible transferLower handle back—Other class transfer——Table 2
Kneeling position-technical aspects.
Kneeling positionShoulder and neckRolling bridgeLift and holdShawl neck rolling bridgeRolling bridge with waistReverse lifting and holdingShawl neck rolling bridge counterattackLock arm rolling bridgeRiding and huggingShawl poutVariable direction rolling bridgeSide liftShawl neck othersBosom-holding rolling bridgeDouble riding hug—Rolling bridge counterattack——Riding and holding variable rolling bridge——Lifting and holding variable rolling bridge—Table 3
Tactical aspects.
Change of body positionThe purpose of the actionCombination of actionsComplex tacticsStanding tactics-forcingSide-line tactics-forcingSingle technologySpace tacticsOpponents out of boundsOpponents out of boundsCombination technologyTime tacticsKneeling tactics-defenseLength control tactics———Short tactics———Distribution tactics———Feint attack tactics———Psychological tactics——


## 4. Experimental Data Analysis

### 4.1. Development Environment

Tensor Flow platform, Ubuntu 16.04 system, and Solid-State Disk (SSD) hard disk are selected for the experimental test of blurred image optimizationAccording to the survey, most sports projects adopt net Frame-work 3.5 integrated development environment, VB programming language, SQL Server database, C Sharp language, and Visual Studio development tools. Excel 2016 software and SPSS 17.0 are tools for statistical steps


### 4.2. Research Methodology

This paper mainly adopts five methods to study, analyze, and compare the theory and data, so as to ensure the reliability, authenticity, and effectiveness of the results and avoid the adverse effects caused by other unexpected factors: (1) literature investigation method: this paper refers to a large number of related books, periodicals, lectures, conferences, and magazines and looks through a large number of websites and documents such as CNKI, China Academic Journal Network and Baidu Academic, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for the research direction of this paper; (2) mathematical statistics, analysis, and discussion of the results; (3) contrastive analysis method: according to different categories and requirements of the indicators obtained after the experimental test for comparative analysis, the final summary of the analysis draws a conclusion; (4) video data analysis; and (5) interview with experts.


### 4.3. Research Objects and Purposes

According to the training coach and Greco-Roman wrestling required tactical skills template, this study is using image processing technology to study athletes in Greco-Roman wrestling movement and training characteristics statistics and reasonable analysis and application. In the experimental test, after many considerations, we mainly selected three excellent Greco-Roman wrestlers in China for statistical analysis of movements and characteristics, namely, 55 kg A athletes, 60 kg B athletes, and 120 kg C athletes. As the saying goes, “know yourself and know yourself and win every battle,” according to the statistics and analysis of 210 major international competition videos, a total of 26 opponents of these three athletes in different weight classes were screened out.


### 4.4. Image Visual Effect Test

Comparison of three methods for reconstructing 30 images is shown in Table4.Table 4
Comparison table of effect parameters of different methods.
PerformanceSR methodProtter methodThis research methodAverage PSNR/dB35.851035.154336.4651Average MSE17.6419.1515.28After comparison, the application performance of this research method is the best. Now, the first 10 frames of128×128 resolution video images are intercepted, and the local reconstruction and overall reconstruction of the images are carried out by using this research method. The texture and details of the images are preserved intact, and the features are obvious, as shown in Figure 6.Figure 6
Reconstructed test image.
(a)
The original image sample(b)
The local reconstructed image is intercepted(c)
The whole reconstructed imageHere, we show some processed wrestling images of athletes, as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Partial wrestling image processed.


### 4.5. Statistics and Analysis of Data

#### 4.5.1. Statistics of Wrestling Tactics Gains and Losses

After image processing, integrating the scores of 210 major international competition videos, this paper analyzes the environment of A, B, and C athletes as the basis of tactical skills analysis.Comparison of total score loss data in standing stage, as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Total points lost in standing stage.We can find from the above figure that the most frequently used technical actions are the technical actions of transferring and letting opponents out of bounds, accounting for 45% and 31%, respectively. The movements with the highest scores are transferred and arm-hugging, and the scores of out-of-bound movements are higher than those of folding. These data show that the main scoring movements in a game are transferred, out of bounds, and arm-holding movements. In the standing stage, improve strength and agility and skillfully and flexibly use scoring skills.However, in terms of losing points, we can find that both the frequency of use and the proportion of losing points remain high in terms of transfer and out-of-bounds, which is the key area of losing points. Therefore, while studying scoring tactics, we should also study the confrontation strategies with transfer and defense and strive to minimize losses.Comparison of total score loss data in kneeling stage is shown in Figure9.Figure 9
There is always a loss of points in the kneeling stage.We can find from the above picture that the offensive defense in the kneeling stage is the key point that restricts the outcome of the game. In terms of frequency of use, rolling bridge is 43%, defending success is 29%, and lifting is 25%. The highest scores are rolling bridge and lifting, accounting for 45% and 36%, respectively, far higher than the scoring ratio of defensive success. Therefore, if you want to occupy the winning position in the kneeling stage, you should focus on strengthening the training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding.In terms of losing points, defensive success, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding actions all occupy a large proportion. Athletes need to strengthen the confrontation training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding. In the match, if both of them do not score, the success of defense is the key to winning, and it is very important to ensure that there is no loss of points or less loss of points in defense. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate athletes’ defensive ability and consciousness.


#### 4.5.2. Tactical Statistics of Gains and Losses of Opponents by Level

(1)
In the 55 kg level, the advantage of opponents’ score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, followed by defensive success and transfer. Facing the opponent’s advantage, we must defend the opponent’s advantage and adjust the training ratio in daily life. In terms of losing points, opponents focus on defense, folding, lifting, and transferring, as shown in Figure10(2)
In 60 kg level, the advantage of opponent’s score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, and the second proportion lies in the technical actions of defense success, out of bounds, transfer, and holding arms. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, transfer, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure11(3)
In the 120 kg level, the advantages of opponents’ scoring mainly lie in defensive success, out-of-bounds, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding, and the training on weekdays should pay more attention to strength itself. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, out of bounds, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure12Figure 10
Statistical proportion of 55 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 11
Statistical proportion of 60 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 12
Statistical proportion of 120 kg opponents’ scores.The different levels are described in the experiment. The three classifications of 55 Kg, 60 Kg, and 120 Kg are representative, which can reflect the optimization scheme of the method proposed in this paper in different classifications. From different levels, we can identify the importance of different movements, carry out scientific sports methods, and effectively formulate better tactical plans.


#### 4.5.3. Individual Tactical Statistics of Athletes

A, B, and C represent three different athletes, respectively, which are also the mobilization of 55 kg, 60 kg, and 120 kg categories. In the experiment, the three athletes are tested separately, and the corresponding optimization method can be obtained.(1)
According to the statistics of an athlete’s competition data, we can see that the technical characteristics of an athlete in 55 kg competition mainly rely on waist-hugging and rolling bridge to score, without special personal characteristic moves, while lifting and hugging on the side is his weakness and the most important action of losing points. Because the waist strength of A athletes is weak, it is an important place to pay attention to and train in lifting and holding movements. A athletes’ tactical skill statistics are shown in Figure13(2)
According to the data of many competitions of B athletes, we can find that B athletes in 60 kg competition have great advantages in the movements of holding waist and rolling bridge and riding and throwing. However, holding the waist and rolling the bridge is also the focus of his defensive loss, so the corresponding defensive training should be strengthened. The tactical skills statistics of B athletes are shown in Figure14(3)
By analyzing and comparing the data of C athletes in many competitions, we can find that C athletes in 120 kg competition have great advantages in hugging the waist and rolling the bridge, and the transfer around the arm and the transfer around the shoulder and neck also make him more likely to win. In the aspect of losing points, it is mainly to hold the waist and roll the bridge and the opponent’s defense successfully. Apart from enhancing the offensive training of athletes, we should also pay attention to the strength training of C athletes to narrow the strength gap with opponents. C tactical skill statistics of athletes are shown in Figure15Figure 13
A athlete’s gains and losses statistics.Figure 14
Statistics of gains and losses of B athletes.Figure 15
C athlete’s score statistics.


## 4.1. Development Environment

Tensor Flow platform, Ubuntu 16.04 system, and Solid-State Disk (SSD) hard disk are selected for the experimental test of blurred image optimizationAccording to the survey, most sports projects adopt net Frame-work 3.5 integrated development environment, VB programming language, SQL Server database, C Sharp language, and Visual Studio development tools. Excel 2016 software and SPSS 17.0 are tools for statistical steps


## 4.2. Research Methodology

This paper mainly adopts five methods to study, analyze, and compare the theory and data, so as to ensure the reliability, authenticity, and effectiveness of the results and avoid the adverse effects caused by other unexpected factors: (1) literature investigation method: this paper refers to a large number of related books, periodicals, lectures, conferences, and magazines and looks through a large number of websites and documents such as CNKI, China Academic Journal Network and Baidu Academic, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for the research direction of this paper; (2) mathematical statistics, analysis, and discussion of the results; (3) contrastive analysis method: according to different categories and requirements of the indicators obtained after the experimental test for comparative analysis, the final summary of the analysis draws a conclusion; (4) video data analysis; and (5) interview with experts.


## 4.3. Research Objects and Purposes

According to the training coach and Greco-Roman wrestling required tactical skills template, this study is using image processing technology to study athletes in Greco-Roman wrestling movement and training characteristics statistics and reasonable analysis and application. In the experimental test, after many considerations, we mainly selected three excellent Greco-Roman wrestlers in China for statistical analysis of movements and characteristics, namely, 55 kg A athletes, 60 kg B athletes, and 120 kg C athletes. As the saying goes, “know yourself and know yourself and win every battle,” according to the statistics and analysis of 210 major international competition videos, a total of 26 opponents of these three athletes in different weight classes were screened out.


## 4.4. Image Visual Effect Test

Comparison of three methods for reconstructing 30 images is shown in Table4.Table 4
Comparison table of effect parameters of different methods.
PerformanceSR methodProtter methodThis research methodAverage PSNR/dB35.851035.154336.4651Average MSE17.6419.1515.28After comparison, the application performance of this research method is the best. Now, the first 10 frames of128×128 resolution video images are intercepted, and the local reconstruction and overall reconstruction of the images are carried out by using this research method. The texture and details of the images are preserved intact, and the features are obvious, as shown in Figure 6.Figure 6
Reconstructed test image.
(a)
The original image sample(b)
The local reconstructed image is intercepted(c)
The whole reconstructed imageHere, we show some processed wrestling images of athletes, as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Partial wrestling image processed.


## 4.5. Statistics and Analysis of Data

### 4.5.1. Statistics of Wrestling Tactics Gains and Losses

After image processing, integrating the scores of 210 major international competition videos, this paper analyzes the environment of A, B, and C athletes as the basis of tactical skills analysis.Comparison of total score loss data in standing stage, as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Total points lost in standing stage.We can find from the above figure that the most frequently used technical actions are the technical actions of transferring and letting opponents out of bounds, accounting for 45% and 31%, respectively. The movements with the highest scores are transferred and arm-hugging, and the scores of out-of-bound movements are higher than those of folding. These data show that the main scoring movements in a game are transferred, out of bounds, and arm-holding movements. In the standing stage, improve strength and agility and skillfully and flexibly use scoring skills.However, in terms of losing points, we can find that both the frequency of use and the proportion of losing points remain high in terms of transfer and out-of-bounds, which is the key area of losing points. Therefore, while studying scoring tactics, we should also study the confrontation strategies with transfer and defense and strive to minimize losses.Comparison of total score loss data in kneeling stage is shown in Figure9.Figure 9
There is always a loss of points in the kneeling stage.We can find from the above picture that the offensive defense in the kneeling stage is the key point that restricts the outcome of the game. In terms of frequency of use, rolling bridge is 43%, defending success is 29%, and lifting is 25%. The highest scores are rolling bridge and lifting, accounting for 45% and 36%, respectively, far higher than the scoring ratio of defensive success. Therefore, if you want to occupy the winning position in the kneeling stage, you should focus on strengthening the training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding.In terms of losing points, defensive success, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding actions all occupy a large proportion. Athletes need to strengthen the confrontation training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding. In the match, if both of them do not score, the success of defense is the key to winning, and it is very important to ensure that there is no loss of points or less loss of points in defense. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate athletes’ defensive ability and consciousness.


### 4.5.2. Tactical Statistics of Gains and Losses of Opponents by Level

(1)
In the 55 kg level, the advantage of opponents’ score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, followed by defensive success and transfer. Facing the opponent’s advantage, we must defend the opponent’s advantage and adjust the training ratio in daily life. In terms of losing points, opponents focus on defense, folding, lifting, and transferring, as shown in Figure10(2)
In 60 kg level, the advantage of opponent’s score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, and the second proportion lies in the technical actions of defense success, out of bounds, transfer, and holding arms. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, transfer, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure11(3)
In the 120 kg level, the advantages of opponents’ scoring mainly lie in defensive success, out-of-bounds, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding, and the training on weekdays should pay more attention to strength itself. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, out of bounds, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure12Figure 10
Statistical proportion of 55 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 11
Statistical proportion of 60 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 12
Statistical proportion of 120 kg opponents’ scores.The different levels are described in the experiment. The three classifications of 55 Kg, 60 Kg, and 120 Kg are representative, which can reflect the optimization scheme of the method proposed in this paper in different classifications. From different levels, we can identify the importance of different movements, carry out scientific sports methods, and effectively formulate better tactical plans.


### 4.5.3. Individual Tactical Statistics of Athletes

A, B, and C represent three different athletes, respectively, which are also the mobilization of 55 kg, 60 kg, and 120 kg categories. In the experiment, the three athletes are tested separately, and the corresponding optimization method can be obtained.(1)
According to the statistics of an athlete’s competition data, we can see that the technical characteristics of an athlete in 55 kg competition mainly rely on waist-hugging and rolling bridge to score, without special personal characteristic moves, while lifting and hugging on the side is his weakness and the most important action of losing points. Because the waist strength of A athletes is weak, it is an important place to pay attention to and train in lifting and holding movements. A athletes’ tactical skill statistics are shown in Figure13(2)
According to the data of many competitions of B athletes, we can find that B athletes in 60 kg competition have great advantages in the movements of holding waist and rolling bridge and riding and throwing. However, holding the waist and rolling the bridge is also the focus of his defensive loss, so the corresponding defensive training should be strengthened. The tactical skills statistics of B athletes are shown in Figure14(3)
By analyzing and comparing the data of C athletes in many competitions, we can find that C athletes in 120 kg competition have great advantages in hugging the waist and rolling the bridge, and the transfer around the arm and the transfer around the shoulder and neck also make him more likely to win. In the aspect of losing points, it is mainly to hold the waist and roll the bridge and the opponent’s defense successfully. Apart from enhancing the offensive training of athletes, we should also pay attention to the strength training of C athletes to narrow the strength gap with opponents. C tactical skill statistics of athletes are shown in Figure15Figure 13
A athlete’s gains and losses statistics.Figure 14
Statistics of gains and losses of B athletes.Figure 15
C athlete’s score statistics.


## 4.5.1. Statistics of Wrestling Tactics Gains and Losses

After image processing, integrating the scores of 210 major international competition videos, this paper analyzes the environment of A, B, and C athletes as the basis of tactical skills analysis.Comparison of total score loss data in standing stage, as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Total points lost in standing stage.We can find from the above figure that the most frequently used technical actions are the technical actions of transferring and letting opponents out of bounds, accounting for 45% and 31%, respectively. The movements with the highest scores are transferred and arm-hugging, and the scores of out-of-bound movements are higher than those of folding. These data show that the main scoring movements in a game are transferred, out of bounds, and arm-holding movements. In the standing stage, improve strength and agility and skillfully and flexibly use scoring skills.However, in terms of losing points, we can find that both the frequency of use and the proportion of losing points remain high in terms of transfer and out-of-bounds, which is the key area of losing points. Therefore, while studying scoring tactics, we should also study the confrontation strategies with transfer and defense and strive to minimize losses.Comparison of total score loss data in kneeling stage is shown in Figure9.Figure 9
There is always a loss of points in the kneeling stage.We can find from the above picture that the offensive defense in the kneeling stage is the key point that restricts the outcome of the game. In terms of frequency of use, rolling bridge is 43%, defending success is 29%, and lifting is 25%. The highest scores are rolling bridge and lifting, accounting for 45% and 36%, respectively, far higher than the scoring ratio of defensive success. Therefore, if you want to occupy the winning position in the kneeling stage, you should focus on strengthening the training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding.In terms of losing points, defensive success, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding actions all occupy a large proportion. Athletes need to strengthen the confrontation training of rolling bridge and lifting and holding. In the match, if both of them do not score, the success of defense is the key to winning, and it is very important to ensure that there is no loss of points or less loss of points in defense. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate athletes’ defensive ability and consciousness.


## 4.5.2. Tactical Statistics of Gains and Losses of Opponents by Level

(1)
In the 55 kg level, the advantage of opponents’ score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, followed by defensive success and transfer. Facing the opponent’s advantage, we must defend the opponent’s advantage and adjust the training ratio in daily life. In terms of losing points, opponents focus on defense, folding, lifting, and transferring, as shown in Figure10(2)
In 60 kg level, the advantage of opponent’s score mainly lies in rolling bridge and lifting and holding, and the second proportion lies in the technical actions of defense success, out of bounds, transfer, and holding arms. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, transfer, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure11(3)
In the 120 kg level, the advantages of opponents’ scoring mainly lie in defensive success, out-of-bounds, rolling bridge, and lifting and holding, and the training on weekdays should pay more attention to strength itself. Lost points are mainly concentrated in defense, out of bounds, rolling bridge and lifting, as shown in Figure12Figure 10
Statistical proportion of 55 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 11
Statistical proportion of 60 kg opponents’ scores.Figure 12
Statistical proportion of 120 kg opponents’ scores.The different levels are described in the experiment. The three classifications of 55 Kg, 60 Kg, and 120 Kg are representative, which can reflect the optimization scheme of the method proposed in this paper in different classifications. From different levels, we can identify the importance of different movements, carry out scientific sports methods, and effectively formulate better tactical plans.


## 4.5.3. Individual Tactical Statistics of Athletes

A, B, and C represent three different athletes, respectively, which are also the mobilization of 55 kg, 60 kg, and 120 kg categories. In the experiment, the three athletes are tested separately, and the corresponding optimization method can be obtained.(1)
According to the statistics of an athlete’s competition data, we can see that the technical characteristics of an athlete in 55 kg competition mainly rely on waist-hugging and rolling bridge to score, without special personal characteristic moves, while lifting and hugging on the side is his weakness and the most important action of losing points. Because the waist strength of A athletes is weak, it is an important place to pay attention to and train in lifting and holding movements. A athletes’ tactical skill statistics are shown in Figure13(2)
According to the data of many competitions of B athletes, we can find that B athletes in 60 kg competition have great advantages in the movements of holding waist and rolling bridge and riding and throwing. However, holding the waist and rolling the bridge is also the focus of his defensive loss, so the corresponding defensive training should be strengthened. The tactical skills statistics of B athletes are shown in Figure14(3)
By analyzing and comparing the data of C athletes in many competitions, we can find that C athletes in 120 kg competition have great advantages in hugging the waist and rolling the bridge, and the transfer around the arm and the transfer around the shoulder and neck also make him more likely to win. In the aspect of losing points, it is mainly to hold the waist and roll the bridge and the opponent’s defense successfully. Apart from enhancing the offensive training of athletes, we should also pay attention to the strength training of C athletes to narrow the strength gap with opponents. C tactical skill statistics of athletes are shown in Figure15Figure 13
A athlete’s gains and losses statistics.Figure 14
Statistics of gains and losses of B athletes.Figure 15
C athlete’s score statistics.


## 5. Conclusion

The research of this paper is based on digital image processing technology and image fuzzy optimization technology. According to the specific image processing flow, the required data and the action statistics and characteristics of relevant testers are obtained. Professional workers measure the feasibility of this technology and carry out systematic analysis and evaluation. This method basically meets our experimental needs, can comprehensively reflect the physical quality of athletes, and make the standardized training work simpler, more convenient, time-saving, efficient, and accurate.The article adopts the defuzzification image processing scheme, which has obvious advantages in action recognition and can adopt a better tactical scheme in the competition. So as to achieve a more scientific action plan and optimize the training process. Future research work will use a variety of target research schemes for comparison and use multiplatform processing in image processing time. Focus on the use of multi-intelligent decision-making parameters to optimize, so as to achieve fast recognition of motion and high accuracy.



---

*Source: 9201830-2022-06-29.xml*