# Distributed 3D Environment Design System Based on Color Image Model

Authors: Kang Huai; Longjiao Ni; Miaomiao Zhu; Huihui Zhou
Journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
 (2022)

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## Abstract

In order to improve the effect of distributed 3D interior design, a distributed 3D interior design method based on color image model is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the author uses the distributed feature information fusion method to construct the color image model of the distributed 3D interior design, and carries out edge contour detection and feature extraction for the distributed 3D interior spatial distribution image. The RGB color decomposition method is used to decompose the color pixel features of the three-dimensional indoor spatial distribution image. Combined with the three-dimensional point cloud feature reorganization method, the color space reconstruction of the distributed three-dimensional interior design is realized, and the optimal combination of color features of the distributed three-dimensional interior design is realized. Based on the design of image and color processing algorithm, the development and design of distributed 3D interior design system is carried out based on virtual reality and visual simulation technology. The 3D modeling of distributed 3D interior design is carried out using 3ds max, and the indoor hierarchical structure design is realized using the modeling software Multigen Creator. The experimental results show that, according to the color information fusion results, the distributed 3D interior design optimization is realized. Compared with the traditional manual design method, the root mean square error of this method is greatly reduced from 0.232 to 0.023, and the time cost is 82.8% faster. This method has a better visual effect and strong feature expression ability.Conclusion. The visual effect of distributed 3D interior design with this method is good, the error is small, and the visual expression ability is strong.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

With the continuous development of computer science and technology, it has a certain impact on people’s normal lives. In addition, computer science and technology have changed the methods of traditional architectural design, especially with virtual reality technology (VR), which has become the most likely technology to change the world in the 21st century. Virtual reality technology integrates computer graphics and artificial intelligence to provide users with realistic images, sounds, and virtual environment simulation, so that users can truly feel integrated into the physical environment [1]. Generally, a realistic and real three-dimensional simulation environment is created through interactive software and hardware, and then the user can touch the environment like the real environment by using body movement. Virtual technology also has good real-time immersion and interaction, providing people with the same virtual world as in the real world. In architectural design, architectural engineers can show their works through 3D virtual world. Virtual reality technology can not only fully show the new expression, but also change the methods and concepts of architectural design. At present, virtual reality technology is widely used in the field of architecture, especially in the fields of interior design and decoration [2, 3]. Designers and customers can feel the indoor layout through indoor reality technology, decorate the virtual room with their own ideas, and change their position in the virtual room to observe the design effect.Mohammadi et al. and others, the organic combination of architectural landscape design and virtual reality technology is analyzed, the key technology for the use of real technology is separated and written, the process of integration of virtual reality technology into architectural landscape design is learning and discussion, and ultimately the landscape design. A discovery is created. This technology will be used and designed in future architectural landscape designs [4, 5]. Jung and Lee can make full use of the visual method of building design, especially the visual method of building design for different indoor and outdoor environments, which can help them develop the visual method of building design in real-time [6]. A voice-based communication system has been successfully developed in the virtual home environment by Jung and others. Ren et al. and others mentioned that VR technology is no longer a patent in professional fields and laboratories, and VR technology is gradually moving towards people’s lives. He analyzed the specific impact of VR technology on future interior design, making the design scheme diversified and comprehensive [7]. Liu and Pan and others discussed the practical application of VR technology in architectural interior design according to the concept and composition characteristics of VR technology [8]. Wang and Liu and others expounded on the advantages of VR technology from the experience of interior design space, the analysis of external environment, and the dynamic comparison of elements [9]. Lammle et al. and others believe that satisfying users’ sensory experience is the main role of virtual reality technology in the application of residential interior design. The popularization of this technology has a positive role in promoting the rapid development of the field of architectural interior design [10].This project provides a color scheme and color décor of an interior space to create a 3D interior design based on virtual machines and decorate the interior with 3D graphics. The distributed 3D visual reconstruction method is used for the 3D design of indoor environment, and the system design is carried out under the virtual reality and visual simulation environment. Using MAYA, 3DS MAX, SoftImage, LightWave3D, and other 3D simulation software, the optimal design of a distributed 3D interior design system is realized, and the effectiveness conclusion is obtained through experimental analysis.


## 2. Research Methods

### 2.1. Visual Communication Information Collection and Analysis of Distributed 3D Interior Design

#### 2.1.1. Distributed 3D Interior Design Image Sampling

Image segmentation is an important part of image processing and computer vision. In recent years, it has not only been a hot topic in the field of computer vision but has also been widely used in real life. For example, in terms of communication, the contour structure and regional content of the target can be extracted in advance to ensure that the useful information is not lost, and the image can be compressed in a targeted manner to improve the efficiency of network transmission. In the field of transportation, it can be used to extract the contour of vehicles, recognition or tracking, pedestrian detection, etc. In general, all content related to the detection, extraction, and recognition of objects needs to use image segmentation technology. In order to improve the visual communication information of 3D interior design, the snake algorithm is used to decompose the contour energy of the edges of 3D interior design visualization and processing layers, contents, and modifies data according to product decomposition [11, 12]. The corner distribution Jacobian matrix Jx,y,σ of interior design can be expressed as the following formula:(1)Jx,y,σ=∂P∂x∂P∂y=10Lxx,y,σ01Lyx,y,σ,where Lx,y,σ=Gx,y,σ∗Ix,y,σ, Gx,y,σ is the seed point of 3D interior design visual image, and Ix,y,σ is the gray feature of 3D interior design visual image area fusion. According to the histogram decomposition method, the template matching matrix is obtained, which is expressed as the following formula:(2)M=∂2P∂x2N⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂y2N⟶=Lxxx,y,σLxyx,y,σLxyx,y,σLyyx,y,σ.The continuous 3D reconstruction method is used to detect the edge contour and extract the feature of the distributed 3D indoor spatial distribution image.


#### 2.1.2. Visual Feature Reconstruction

The LBG vector quantization method of the point-to-line model is used to mark the maximum gray value of the image, and the distributed three-dimensional contour feature is extracted to obtain the fusion center of the image asd(x, y). Adjust the numerical value of the broken 3D interior design vector image, subtract the gray pheromone from the image, and obtain the model of the front image of the split image of the 3D interior design, which is described from the following structure:(3)Pϕ=∫12∇ϕ−12dx.DefineELBF as the local template matching item of the image; ERGB is the sampling component of edge pixels. Using the sparse linear segmentation method, the regional fusion template function of 3D interior design visual image is obtained as follows:(4)Datax,y,dx,y=ux−dx,y,y−u˜x,y2,where: u˜ represents the reference template image; u represents the image to be reconstructed. Thus, the 3D visual feature reconstruction of interior design is realized [13–15].


### 2.2. Distributed 3D Interior Vision Optimization

#### 2.2.1. Information Fusion

The network design system creates 3D internal image data to improve the distribution of the necessary. The component data of the measurement of the relationship between the images seen in the 3D interior design division are shown by the following model:(5)τdu′,u˜τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu′,u˜φx0τdu′,τduφx0τduφx03u˜φx0.Introduce the technology of extracting high-quality pixel-by-pixel materials together to enhance the visual image of 3D interior design through the creation of similar effects, the benefits of which are as follows:(6)∂∂dτdu,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0=τdu′,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu,u˜φx0τdu′,τduτduφx03u˜φx0,where τduφx0 represents the combination of texture pixel sets, and gradient processing techniques are used to present features using the local space and redesign the broken 3D interior design visuals [16, 17].


### 2.3. Optimized Color Combination Features

Using the pixel edge conversion method, the segmentation process of the image seen on the 3D internal design division of the pixels is as follows:(7)G=∑r=1t∑q=1k2WiTxir−WiTxirq2Birq=trWiTH2Wi,where(8)H2=∑r=1t∑q=1k2xir−xirqxir−xirqTBirq.It represents the grid region eigenvalues reconstructed in different three-dimensional vision. Combined with pixel area segmentation and adaptive function switching method, it uses integrated color combination and three-dimensional interior design optimization.


### 2.4. System Development and Design

#### 2.4.1. Overall Design

The information transmission model of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed by using PCI bus technology, the basic entity object of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed, the local information processing of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out by using a multi-threaded scheduling method, the virtual reality visual application support layer is constructed by using client/server model, and the research and development of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out under CCS 2.20 development platform [18]. The overall design structure of the system is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Overall design framework of the system.According to the overall design framework of Figure1, carry out the modular development design and bus design of the system, and provide executable real-time 3D application files for rendering distributed 3D interior design through the surface hierarchical rendering method. Use Vega Prime API to dynamically change the application loading mode in the process of rendering distributed 3D interior design, use PCI9054 local bus to control program loading, and output 8-way D/a conversion signals at the output terminal to realize the bus adjustment and communication protocol development of the distributed 3D interior design system. The parallel peripheral interface (PPI) is used for man-machine communication, the embedded scheduling of the distributed 3D interior design system is realized in the ARM Cortex⁃M3 core, the creator interactive design method is used for the cross compilation control and program online reading and writing of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the hierarchical compilation software is constructed. The bus transmission control of the system is carried out in the application layer of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the adaptive forwarding control and link loading control of the distributed 3D interior design system are carried out in the Simulink modeling environment, so as to improve the information sending and receiving and intelligent information processing ability of the distributed 3D interior design system. In the internal bus design of the distributed 3D interior design system, the OpenFlight modeling environment is used for the virtual reality design of the distributed 3D interior design system, and a 3D graphics observer is provided in the compilation software to observe the design effect of the distributed 3D interior design system [19]. To sum up, the development and implementation process of the distributed 3D interior design system designed in this paper is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Development and implementation process of the system.


#### 2.4.2. Design of Indoor Model

Indoor modeling mainly refers to the house type structure model and the models of household appliances and installations. 3ds Max is used as the modeling tool. The created model should meet the following technical requirements:(1)
In 3ds max, the setting of 1 unit equal to 1 cm is realized, and the unit is displayed as M. The model is made according to the ratio of 1 : 1, so as to ensure that the experienced personnel can observe the indoor scene in the VR equipment to meet the normal visual ratio. After the model is exported, the data interaction format with unity3d is set to FBX, and the export unit is set to cm, so that FBX can be imported into the model in unity3d, and the scale is set to 1 : 1, so there is no need to realize scaling and matching.(2)
Using polygons to realize modeling, avoid too many model faces, otherwise the real-time rendering speed will be reduced. After completing the model, check whether it is quadrilateral or trilateral, and also check the normal direction of the model, false solder joints, isolated points, etc. After completion, sort out the historical records.(3)
In order to display the scene model map, it is generally necessary to realize the UV of the model and make the map with correct UV. The commonly used map types include: diffuse map is mainly reflected in the reflection and color of the object surface, concave convex map can increase the three-dimensional feeling of the model, but will not change the shape of the model; the normal map can define the inclination of the model surface; the height map is a black-and-white map, which defines the height of the model surface; the specular map can show the surface attribute texture of the model in the light irradiation; and AO map can simulate the distance of each face of the model and realize the generation of ambient occlusion map. This different type of mapping depends on the actual situation. Not all models need mapping [20].(4)
The map width and length are set to 2n pixels, which is convenient for optimization in unity3d.


#### 2.4.3. Use of PBR Technology

In order to improve the authenticity of the model, after the model is imported into unity3D, the light, environment, and materials are processed through physical dynamic rendering technology. Based on the physical rendering to shading and rendering (PBR) method, the current PBR algorithm can directly and indirectly illuminate [21, 22]. The rendering technology of the PBR-based real world lighting physical model simulates the light in a way that meets the laws of physics, improves the authenticity of the rendering effect, directly adjusts the physical parameters, generates a new PBR map, and transmits it to the shader, so as to improve the application scope and work efficiency of the map. Figure 3 shows the generation process of PBR material.Figure 3
PBR material generation process.Realize the production of low-precision model in 3ds Max, then unfold the model UV, and input the low-precision model in ZBrush to realize engraving, so as to generate high-precision model. In substance painter, the low-precision model and high-precision model are imported in baked normal map and AO map. The above maps are made in combination with PBR material to realize the generation of SBSAR file. The generation of PBR map can be realized by importing SBSAR file in unity3D.


#### 2.4.4. Interaction Design of Indoor Scene

Virtual reality should be able to provide users with multiple scenes to meet the aesthetic needs of different users in interior design. In order to realize more interactive functions of scenes, scene design is required to have strong selectivity. For example, if the room is not closed and the windows and doors are opened, users can go to the room and look around. By changing the wall pattern, users can decide which wall to use according to their preferences. Change the wall pattern and turn on the wall lamp of the room, so that users can fully feel the light and dark of the indoor lamp. Moving the glass of the cabinet in the room can also change the interior decoration and tables and chairs. In order to improve the authenticity of the scene and the infiltration of the virtual environment, the collision detection of three-dimensional scene is realized. Import the model in UDK, and this axis is automatically positioned at the origin of 3ds Max. Therefore, in order to align the position in a short time, the same coordinate is set for all model axis positions in UDK. If there is no collision model in 3D image, automatic collision should be realized in UDK. Automatic roaming mainly includes system default path roaming and crossfield animation. The system automatic roaming is realized through UDK camera animation. The event trigger components in UDK mainly include multi-type automatic trigger and interactive trigger, and the interactive function is realized by using the setting of event trigger [23].


## 2.1. Visual Communication Information Collection and Analysis of Distributed 3D Interior Design

### 2.1.1. Distributed 3D Interior Design Image Sampling

Image segmentation is an important part of image processing and computer vision. In recent years, it has not only been a hot topic in the field of computer vision but has also been widely used in real life. For example, in terms of communication, the contour structure and regional content of the target can be extracted in advance to ensure that the useful information is not lost, and the image can be compressed in a targeted manner to improve the efficiency of network transmission. In the field of transportation, it can be used to extract the contour of vehicles, recognition or tracking, pedestrian detection, etc. In general, all content related to the detection, extraction, and recognition of objects needs to use image segmentation technology. In order to improve the visual communication information of 3D interior design, the snake algorithm is used to decompose the contour energy of the edges of 3D interior design visualization and processing layers, contents, and modifies data according to product decomposition [11, 12]. The corner distribution Jacobian matrix Jx,y,σ of interior design can be expressed as the following formula:(1)Jx,y,σ=∂P∂x∂P∂y=10Lxx,y,σ01Lyx,y,σ,where Lx,y,σ=Gx,y,σ∗Ix,y,σ, Gx,y,σ is the seed point of 3D interior design visual image, and Ix,y,σ is the gray feature of 3D interior design visual image area fusion. According to the histogram decomposition method, the template matching matrix is obtained, which is expressed as the following formula:(2)M=∂2P∂x2N⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂y2N⟶=Lxxx,y,σLxyx,y,σLxyx,y,σLyyx,y,σ.The continuous 3D reconstruction method is used to detect the edge contour and extract the feature of the distributed 3D indoor spatial distribution image.


### 2.1.2. Visual Feature Reconstruction

The LBG vector quantization method of the point-to-line model is used to mark the maximum gray value of the image, and the distributed three-dimensional contour feature is extracted to obtain the fusion center of the image asd(x, y). Adjust the numerical value of the broken 3D interior design vector image, subtract the gray pheromone from the image, and obtain the model of the front image of the split image of the 3D interior design, which is described from the following structure:(3)Pϕ=∫12∇ϕ−12dx.DefineELBF as the local template matching item of the image; ERGB is the sampling component of edge pixels. Using the sparse linear segmentation method, the regional fusion template function of 3D interior design visual image is obtained as follows:(4)Datax,y,dx,y=ux−dx,y,y−u˜x,y2,where: u˜ represents the reference template image; u represents the image to be reconstructed. Thus, the 3D visual feature reconstruction of interior design is realized [13–15].


## 2.1.1. Distributed 3D Interior Design Image Sampling

Image segmentation is an important part of image processing and computer vision. In recent years, it has not only been a hot topic in the field of computer vision but has also been widely used in real life. For example, in terms of communication, the contour structure and regional content of the target can be extracted in advance to ensure that the useful information is not lost, and the image can be compressed in a targeted manner to improve the efficiency of network transmission. In the field of transportation, it can be used to extract the contour of vehicles, recognition or tracking, pedestrian detection, etc. In general, all content related to the detection, extraction, and recognition of objects needs to use image segmentation technology. In order to improve the visual communication information of 3D interior design, the snake algorithm is used to decompose the contour energy of the edges of 3D interior design visualization and processing layers, contents, and modifies data according to product decomposition [11, 12]. The corner distribution Jacobian matrix Jx,y,σ of interior design can be expressed as the following formula:(1)Jx,y,σ=∂P∂x∂P∂y=10Lxx,y,σ01Lyx,y,σ,where Lx,y,σ=Gx,y,σ∗Ix,y,σ, Gx,y,σ is the seed point of 3D interior design visual image, and Ix,y,σ is the gray feature of 3D interior design visual image area fusion. According to the histogram decomposition method, the template matching matrix is obtained, which is expressed as the following formula:(2)M=∂2P∂x2N⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂x∂yN⟶∂2P∂y2N⟶=Lxxx,y,σLxyx,y,σLxyx,y,σLyyx,y,σ.The continuous 3D reconstruction method is used to detect the edge contour and extract the feature of the distributed 3D indoor spatial distribution image.


## 2.1.2. Visual Feature Reconstruction

The LBG vector quantization method of the point-to-line model is used to mark the maximum gray value of the image, and the distributed three-dimensional contour feature is extracted to obtain the fusion center of the image asd(x, y). Adjust the numerical value of the broken 3D interior design vector image, subtract the gray pheromone from the image, and obtain the model of the front image of the split image of the 3D interior design, which is described from the following structure:(3)Pϕ=∫12∇ϕ−12dx.DefineELBF as the local template matching item of the image; ERGB is the sampling component of edge pixels. Using the sparse linear segmentation method, the regional fusion template function of 3D interior design visual image is obtained as follows:(4)Datax,y,dx,y=ux−dx,y,y−u˜x,y2,where: u˜ represents the reference template image; u represents the image to be reconstructed. Thus, the 3D visual feature reconstruction of interior design is realized [13–15].


## 2.2. Distributed 3D Interior Vision Optimization

### 2.2.1. Information Fusion

The network design system creates 3D internal image data to improve the distribution of the necessary. The component data of the measurement of the relationship between the images seen in the 3D interior design division are shown by the following model:(5)τdu′,u˜τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu′,u˜φx0τdu′,τduφx0τduφx03u˜φx0.Introduce the technology of extracting high-quality pixel-by-pixel materials together to enhance the visual image of 3D interior design through the creation of similar effects, the benefits of which are as follows:(6)∂∂dτdu,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0=τdu′,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu,u˜φx0τdu′,τduτduφx03u˜φx0,where τduφx0 represents the combination of texture pixel sets, and gradient processing techniques are used to present features using the local space and redesign the broken 3D interior design visuals [16, 17].


## 2.2.1. Information Fusion

The network design system creates 3D internal image data to improve the distribution of the necessary. The component data of the measurement of the relationship between the images seen in the 3D interior design division are shown by the following model:(5)τdu′,u˜τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu′,u˜φx0τdu′,τduφx0τduφx03u˜φx0.Introduce the technology of extracting high-quality pixel-by-pixel materials together to enhance the visual image of 3D interior design through the creation of similar effects, the benefits of which are as follows:(6)∂∂dτdu,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0=τdu′,u˜φx0τduφx0u˜φx0−τdu,u˜φx0τdu′,τduτduφx03u˜φx0,where τduφx0 represents the combination of texture pixel sets, and gradient processing techniques are used to present features using the local space and redesign the broken 3D interior design visuals [16, 17].


## 2.3. Optimized Color Combination Features

Using the pixel edge conversion method, the segmentation process of the image seen on the 3D internal design division of the pixels is as follows:(7)G=∑r=1t∑q=1k2WiTxir−WiTxirq2Birq=trWiTH2Wi,where(8)H2=∑r=1t∑q=1k2xir−xirqxir−xirqTBirq.It represents the grid region eigenvalues reconstructed in different three-dimensional vision. Combined with pixel area segmentation and adaptive function switching method, it uses integrated color combination and three-dimensional interior design optimization.


## 2.4. System Development and Design

### 2.4.1. Overall Design

The information transmission model of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed by using PCI bus technology, the basic entity object of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed, the local information processing of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out by using a multi-threaded scheduling method, the virtual reality visual application support layer is constructed by using client/server model, and the research and development of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out under CCS 2.20 development platform [18]. The overall design structure of the system is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Overall design framework of the system.According to the overall design framework of Figure1, carry out the modular development design and bus design of the system, and provide executable real-time 3D application files for rendering distributed 3D interior design through the surface hierarchical rendering method. Use Vega Prime API to dynamically change the application loading mode in the process of rendering distributed 3D interior design, use PCI9054 local bus to control program loading, and output 8-way D/a conversion signals at the output terminal to realize the bus adjustment and communication protocol development of the distributed 3D interior design system. The parallel peripheral interface (PPI) is used for man-machine communication, the embedded scheduling of the distributed 3D interior design system is realized in the ARM Cortex⁃M3 core, the creator interactive design method is used for the cross compilation control and program online reading and writing of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the hierarchical compilation software is constructed. The bus transmission control of the system is carried out in the application layer of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the adaptive forwarding control and link loading control of the distributed 3D interior design system are carried out in the Simulink modeling environment, so as to improve the information sending and receiving and intelligent information processing ability of the distributed 3D interior design system. In the internal bus design of the distributed 3D interior design system, the OpenFlight modeling environment is used for the virtual reality design of the distributed 3D interior design system, and a 3D graphics observer is provided in the compilation software to observe the design effect of the distributed 3D interior design system [19]. To sum up, the development and implementation process of the distributed 3D interior design system designed in this paper is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Development and implementation process of the system.


### 2.4.2. Design of Indoor Model

Indoor modeling mainly refers to the house type structure model and the models of household appliances and installations. 3ds Max is used as the modeling tool. The created model should meet the following technical requirements:(1)
In 3ds max, the setting of 1 unit equal to 1 cm is realized, and the unit is displayed as M. The model is made according to the ratio of 1 : 1, so as to ensure that the experienced personnel can observe the indoor scene in the VR equipment to meet the normal visual ratio. After the model is exported, the data interaction format with unity3d is set to FBX, and the export unit is set to cm, so that FBX can be imported into the model in unity3d, and the scale is set to 1 : 1, so there is no need to realize scaling and matching.(2)
Using polygons to realize modeling, avoid too many model faces, otherwise the real-time rendering speed will be reduced. After completing the model, check whether it is quadrilateral or trilateral, and also check the normal direction of the model, false solder joints, isolated points, etc. After completion, sort out the historical records.(3)
In order to display the scene model map, it is generally necessary to realize the UV of the model and make the map with correct UV. The commonly used map types include: diffuse map is mainly reflected in the reflection and color of the object surface, concave convex map can increase the three-dimensional feeling of the model, but will not change the shape of the model; the normal map can define the inclination of the model surface; the height map is a black-and-white map, which defines the height of the model surface; the specular map can show the surface attribute texture of the model in the light irradiation; and AO map can simulate the distance of each face of the model and realize the generation of ambient occlusion map. This different type of mapping depends on the actual situation. Not all models need mapping [20].(4)
The map width and length are set to 2n pixels, which is convenient for optimization in unity3d.


### 2.4.3. Use of PBR Technology

In order to improve the authenticity of the model, after the model is imported into unity3D, the light, environment, and materials are processed through physical dynamic rendering technology. Based on the physical rendering to shading and rendering (PBR) method, the current PBR algorithm can directly and indirectly illuminate [21, 22]. The rendering technology of the PBR-based real world lighting physical model simulates the light in a way that meets the laws of physics, improves the authenticity of the rendering effect, directly adjusts the physical parameters, generates a new PBR map, and transmits it to the shader, so as to improve the application scope and work efficiency of the map. Figure 3 shows the generation process of PBR material.Figure 3
PBR material generation process.Realize the production of low-precision model in 3ds Max, then unfold the model UV, and input the low-precision model in ZBrush to realize engraving, so as to generate high-precision model. In substance painter, the low-precision model and high-precision model are imported in baked normal map and AO map. The above maps are made in combination with PBR material to realize the generation of SBSAR file. The generation of PBR map can be realized by importing SBSAR file in unity3D.


### 2.4.4. Interaction Design of Indoor Scene

Virtual reality should be able to provide users with multiple scenes to meet the aesthetic needs of different users in interior design. In order to realize more interactive functions of scenes, scene design is required to have strong selectivity. For example, if the room is not closed and the windows and doors are opened, users can go to the room and look around. By changing the wall pattern, users can decide which wall to use according to their preferences. Change the wall pattern and turn on the wall lamp of the room, so that users can fully feel the light and dark of the indoor lamp. Moving the glass of the cabinet in the room can also change the interior decoration and tables and chairs. In order to improve the authenticity of the scene and the infiltration of the virtual environment, the collision detection of three-dimensional scene is realized. Import the model in UDK, and this axis is automatically positioned at the origin of 3ds Max. Therefore, in order to align the position in a short time, the same coordinate is set for all model axis positions in UDK. If there is no collision model in 3D image, automatic collision should be realized in UDK. Automatic roaming mainly includes system default path roaming and crossfield animation. The system automatic roaming is realized through UDK camera animation. The event trigger components in UDK mainly include multi-type automatic trigger and interactive trigger, and the interactive function is realized by using the setting of event trigger [23].


## 2.4.1. Overall Design

The information transmission model of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed by using PCI bus technology, the basic entity object of the distributed 3D interior design system is constructed, the local information processing of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out by using a multi-threaded scheduling method, the virtual reality visual application support layer is constructed by using client/server model, and the research and development of the distributed 3D interior design system is carried out under CCS 2.20 development platform [18]. The overall design structure of the system is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Overall design framework of the system.According to the overall design framework of Figure1, carry out the modular development design and bus design of the system, and provide executable real-time 3D application files for rendering distributed 3D interior design through the surface hierarchical rendering method. Use Vega Prime API to dynamically change the application loading mode in the process of rendering distributed 3D interior design, use PCI9054 local bus to control program loading, and output 8-way D/a conversion signals at the output terminal to realize the bus adjustment and communication protocol development of the distributed 3D interior design system. The parallel peripheral interface (PPI) is used for man-machine communication, the embedded scheduling of the distributed 3D interior design system is realized in the ARM Cortex⁃M3 core, the creator interactive design method is used for the cross compilation control and program online reading and writing of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the hierarchical compilation software is constructed. The bus transmission control of the system is carried out in the application layer of the distributed 3D interior design system, and the adaptive forwarding control and link loading control of the distributed 3D interior design system are carried out in the Simulink modeling environment, so as to improve the information sending and receiving and intelligent information processing ability of the distributed 3D interior design system. In the internal bus design of the distributed 3D interior design system, the OpenFlight modeling environment is used for the virtual reality design of the distributed 3D interior design system, and a 3D graphics observer is provided in the compilation software to observe the design effect of the distributed 3D interior design system [19]. To sum up, the development and implementation process of the distributed 3D interior design system designed in this paper is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Development and implementation process of the system.


## 2.4.2. Design of Indoor Model

Indoor modeling mainly refers to the house type structure model and the models of household appliances and installations. 3ds Max is used as the modeling tool. The created model should meet the following technical requirements:(1)
In 3ds max, the setting of 1 unit equal to 1 cm is realized, and the unit is displayed as M. The model is made according to the ratio of 1 : 1, so as to ensure that the experienced personnel can observe the indoor scene in the VR equipment to meet the normal visual ratio. After the model is exported, the data interaction format with unity3d is set to FBX, and the export unit is set to cm, so that FBX can be imported into the model in unity3d, and the scale is set to 1 : 1, so there is no need to realize scaling and matching.(2)
Using polygons to realize modeling, avoid too many model faces, otherwise the real-time rendering speed will be reduced. After completing the model, check whether it is quadrilateral or trilateral, and also check the normal direction of the model, false solder joints, isolated points, etc. After completion, sort out the historical records.(3)
In order to display the scene model map, it is generally necessary to realize the UV of the model and make the map with correct UV. The commonly used map types include: diffuse map is mainly reflected in the reflection and color of the object surface, concave convex map can increase the three-dimensional feeling of the model, but will not change the shape of the model; the normal map can define the inclination of the model surface; the height map is a black-and-white map, which defines the height of the model surface; the specular map can show the surface attribute texture of the model in the light irradiation; and AO map can simulate the distance of each face of the model and realize the generation of ambient occlusion map. This different type of mapping depends on the actual situation. Not all models need mapping [20].(4)
The map width and length are set to 2n pixels, which is convenient for optimization in unity3d.


## 2.4.3. Use of PBR Technology

In order to improve the authenticity of the model, after the model is imported into unity3D, the light, environment, and materials are processed through physical dynamic rendering technology. Based on the physical rendering to shading and rendering (PBR) method, the current PBR algorithm can directly and indirectly illuminate [21, 22]. The rendering technology of the PBR-based real world lighting physical model simulates the light in a way that meets the laws of physics, improves the authenticity of the rendering effect, directly adjusts the physical parameters, generates a new PBR map, and transmits it to the shader, so as to improve the application scope and work efficiency of the map. Figure 3 shows the generation process of PBR material.Figure 3
PBR material generation process.Realize the production of low-precision model in 3ds Max, then unfold the model UV, and input the low-precision model in ZBrush to realize engraving, so as to generate high-precision model. In substance painter, the low-precision model and high-precision model are imported in baked normal map and AO map. The above maps are made in combination with PBR material to realize the generation of SBSAR file. The generation of PBR map can be realized by importing SBSAR file in unity3D.


## 2.4.4. Interaction Design of Indoor Scene

Virtual reality should be able to provide users with multiple scenes to meet the aesthetic needs of different users in interior design. In order to realize more interactive functions of scenes, scene design is required to have strong selectivity. For example, if the room is not closed and the windows and doors are opened, users can go to the room and look around. By changing the wall pattern, users can decide which wall to use according to their preferences. Change the wall pattern and turn on the wall lamp of the room, so that users can fully feel the light and dark of the indoor lamp. Moving the glass of the cabinet in the room can also change the interior decoration and tables and chairs. In order to improve the authenticity of the scene and the infiltration of the virtual environment, the collision detection of three-dimensional scene is realized. Import the model in UDK, and this axis is automatically positioned at the origin of 3ds Max. Therefore, in order to align the position in a short time, the same coordinate is set for all model axis positions in UDK. If there is no collision model in 3D image, automatic collision should be realized in UDK. Automatic roaming mainly includes system default path roaming and crossfield animation. The system automatic roaming is realized through UDK camera animation. The event trigger components in UDK mainly include multi-type automatic trigger and interactive trigger, and the interactive function is realized by using the setting of event trigger [23].


## 3. Result Analysis

The size of the partition of the 3D interior design visual model is 1200, the area of the 3D visual block area is 256 × 256 × 224, and the coefficient corresponds to the specific design of the interior 3D design is 0.15. Virtual vision simulation software is used in 3D interior design.Combined with the 3D point cloud feature reconstruction method, the color space reconstruction of the distributed 3D interior design is realized, and the optimal combination of color features of the distributed 3D interior design is realized.The results of the integration of color data show that partition 3D interior design optimizations were achieved, and the square root process error and design time were tested. The results of the comparison are shown in Figure4. According to the analysis, the square root error decreases from 0.232 to 0.023, and the time value is 82.8% faster. The 3D visualization of the interior design using this method is effective and has the ability to present strong features as shown in Table 1.Figure 4
Performance comparison test. (a) Normalized root mean square error. (b) Time cost. (c) Information saturation.
(a)(b)(c)Table 1
Performance comparison test.
MethodNormalized root mean square errorTime cost/sInformation saturationPaper method0.02321.20.834Traditional manual design method0.232123.30.632


## 4. Conclusion

In order to improve the interior, combine the choice of home appliances and the time of zoning of the interior, improve the interior space and improve the results of interior design. This information divides 3D interior design according to virtual machine. This project uses a method of combining separate material data to create color schemes of 3D interior design, and to visualize and characterize the edges of 3D spatial partitions. This paper uses RGB color determination method to decompose the color pixel material of three-dimensional internal spatial distribution image. This line utilizes 3ds max for 3D modeling of 3D interior distribution models and uses hierarchical modeling tools based on Multigen Creator modeling software. The results showed that the visual impact of 3D interior design using this model was better, less error-free, and more visual.



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*Source: 9268632-2022-09-22.xml*