# Heat Transfer to MHD Oscillatory Viscoelastic Flow in a Channel Filled with Porous Medium

Authors: Rita Choudhury; Utpal Jyoti Das
Journal: Physics Research International
 (2012)

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## Abstract

The combined effect of a transverse magnetic field and radiative heat transfer on unsteady flow of a conducting optically thin viscoelastic fluid through a channel filled with saturated porous medium and nonuniform walls temperature has been discussed. It is assumed that the fluid has small electrical conductivity and the electromagnetic force produced is very small. Closed-form analytical solutions are constructed for the problem. The effects of the radiation and the magnetic field parameters on velocity profile and shear stress for different values of the viscoelastic parameter with the combination of the other flow parameters are illustrated graphically, and physical aspects of the problem are discussed.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The flow of an electrically conducting fluid has important applications in many branches of engineering science such as magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) generators, plasma studies, nuclear reactor, geothermal energy extraction, electromagnetic propulsion, and the boundary layer control in the field of aerodynamics. In the light of these applications, MHD flow in a channel has been studied by many authors; some of them are Nigam and Singh [1], Soundalgekar and Bhat [2], Vajravelu [3], and Attia and Kotb [4]. A survey of MHD studies in the technological fields can be found in Moreau [5]. The flow of fluids through porous media is an important topic because of the recovery of crude oil from the pores of the reservoir rocks; in this case, Darcy’s law represents the gross effect. Raptis et al. [6] have analysed the hydromagnetic free convection flow through a porous medium between two parallel plates. Aldoss et al. [7] have studied mixed convection flow from a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of a magnetic field. Makinde and Mhone [8] have considered heat transfer to MHD oscillatory flow in a channel filled with porous medium.In this study, an attempt has been made to extend the problem studied by Makinde and Mhone [8] to the case of viscoelastic fluid characterised by second-order fluid.The constitutive equation for the incompressible second-order fluid is of the form(1)σ=-pI+μ1A1+μ2A2+μ3(A1)2,
where σis the stress tensor, pis the hydrostatic pressure, Iis the unit tensor, An(n=1,2)are the kinematic Rivlin-Ericksen tensors, μ1,μ2,andμ3are the material coefficients describing viscosity, elasticity, and cross-viscosity, respectively. The material coefficients μ1,μ2,andμ3have taken constants with μ1and μ3as positive and μ2as negative (Markovitz and Coleman [9]). Equation (1) was derived by Coleman and Noll [10] from that of the simple fluids by assuming that stress is more sensitive to the recent deformation than to the deformation that occurred in the distant past.


## 2. Mathematical Formulation of the Problem

Consider the flow of a conducting optically thin fluid in a channel filled with saturated porous medium under the influence of an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field and radiative heat transfer as shown in Figure1. It is assumed that the fluid has small electrical conductivity and the electromagnetic force produced is very small. The x-axis is taken along the centre of the channel, and the y-axis is taken normal to it. Then, assuming a Boussinesq incompressible fluid model, the equations governing the motion are given
(2)∂u∂t=-1ρ∂P∂x+υ1∂2u∂y2+υ2∂3u∂y2∂t-υ1uk-σeB02uρ+gβ(T-T0),(3)∂T∂t=kρCp∂2T∂y2-1ρCp∂q∂y,
subject to boundary conditions
(4)u=0,T=Twon⁡y=1,u=0,T=T0on⁡y=0,
where u is the axial velocity, t is the time, T is the fluid temperature, P is the pressure, g is the gravitational force, q is the radiative heat flux, β is the co-efficient of volume expansion due to temperature, Cpis the specific heat at constant pressure, kis the thermal conductivity, Kis the porous medium permeability co-efficient, B0(=μeH0) is the electromagnetic induction, μeis the magnetic permeability, H0 is the intensity of the magnetic field, σe is the conductivity of the fluid, ρ is the fluid density, and υi=μi/ρ,(i=1,2). It is assumed that both walls of temperature T0,Tw are high enough to induce radiative heat transfer. Following Cogley et al. [11], it is assumed that the fluid is optically thin with a relatively low density and the radiative heat flux is given by
(5)∂q∂y=4α2(T0-T),
where αis the mean radiation absorption co-efficient.Figure 1
Geometry of the problem.The following nondimensional quantities are introduced:(6)Re=Uaυ1,x̅=xa,y̅=ya,u̅=uU,θ=T-T0Tw-T0,H2=a2σeB02ρυ1,t̅=tUa,P̅=aPρυ1U,Da=Ka2,Gr=gβ(Tw-T0)a2υ1U,Pe=UaρCpk,N2=4α2a2k,
where U is the flow mean velocity.The dimensionless governing equations together with the appropriate boundary conditions (neglecting the bars for clarity) can be written as(7)Re∂u∂t=-∂P∂x+∂2u∂y2-(s2+H2)u+GrT+γ∂3u∂y2∂t,(8)Pe∂θ∂t=∂2θ∂y2+N2θ,
with
(9)u=0,θ=1on⁡y=1,u=0,θ=0on⁡y=0,
where Gr,H,N,Pe,Re,Da,S(=1/Da), andγ=(υ2Re)/a2 are Grashoff number, Hartmann number, Radiation parameter, Péclet number, Reynolds number, Darcy number, porous medium shape factor parameter, and viscoelastic parameter, respectively.


## 3. Method of Solution

In order to solve (7) and (8) for purely oscillatory flow, let
(10)-∂P∂x=λeiωt,u(y,t)=u0(y)eiωt,θ(y,t)=θ0(y)eiωt,
where λis a constant and ω is the frequency of oscillation.Substituting the above expressions into (7) and (8) and using (9), we get
(11)(1+iγω)d2u0dy2-m22u0=-λ-Grθ0,(12)d2θ0dy2+m12θ0=0,
subject to boundary conditions
(13)u0=0,θ0=1on⁡y=1,u0=0,θ0=0on⁡y=0,
where m1=N2-iωPe and m2=S2+H2+iωRe.Equations (11) and (12) are solved, and the solution, for the fluid velocity and temperature are given as follows:
(14)u(y,t)={Grsin⁡(m1y)(m12L+m22)sin⁡(m1)M1e(m2y)/L+(M1-λm22)e-(m2y)/L+λm22+Grsin⁡(m1y)(m12L+m22)sin⁡(m1)}eiωt,(15)θ(y,t)=sin⁡(m1y)sin⁡m1eiωt,
where M1=((λ/m22)e-m2/L-(λ/m22)-Gr)/(m12L+m22))/(em2/L-e-m2/L) and L=1+iωγ.The nondimensional shear stressσat the wall y=0 is given by
(16)σ=σ̅(μ1U/a)=[∂u∂y+γ∂2u∂y∂t]y=0.
The rate of heat transfer across the channel’s wall is given as
(17)Nu=-∂θ∂y=-m1cos⁡(m1)sin⁡(m1)eiωt.


## 4. Discussions and Conclusion

The purpose of this study is to bring out the effects of the viscoelastic parameterγ on the governing flow with the combination of the other flow parameters. The corresponding results for Newtonian fluid can be deduced from the above results by setting γ=0,and it is worth mentioning here that these results coincide with that of Makinde and Mhone [8]. We have considered the real parts of the results throughout for numerical validation. The velocity profile u against y is plotted in Figures 2–4 to observe the viscoelastic effects for various sets of values of Hartmann number Hand radiation parameter N(H=0.5,N=1.5;H=0.5,N=2.5;H=1.5,N=2.5) with fixed values of other flow parameters, namely, Pe=2,Re=2,s=1,t=0,Gr=2,λ=1,and ω=1. It is evident from Figures 2–4 that the velocity profile is parabolic in nature, and the values of velocity u increase with the increasing values of the viscoelastic parameter |γ|(γ=0,-0.10,-0.20) in comparison with the Newtonian fluid. It is also noted from the figures that the behaviours of the velocity profiles remain the same with the increasing values of the viscoelastic parameter |γ|when (i) the values of the radiation parameter Nincrease with the fixed values of the magnetic field parameter H(Figures 2 and 3), (ii) the values of the magnetic field parameter Hincrease with fixed values of the radiation parameter N(Figures 3 and 4), and (iii) both the values of Hand Nincrease (Figures 2 and 4).Figure 2
Variation ofu against y when H = 0.5, N = 1.5.Figure 3
Variation ofu against y when H = 0.5, N = 2.5.Figure 4
Variation ofu against y when H = 1.5, N = 2.5.Figures5, 6, 7, and 8 exhibit the effects of the viscoelastic parameter |γ|on skin friction σ against magnetic field parameter Hand radiation parameter N,respectively with Pe=2,Re=2,s=1,t=0,Gr=2,λ=1,andω=1. Figures 5 and 6 show that for radiation parameter N=1.5and N=2.5, the shear stress decreases with the increasing values of Hfor both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, while shear stress increases for increasing values of |γ|(γ=0,-0.10,-0.20) in comparison with Newtonian fluid. From Figures 7 and 8, it is evident that the shear stress σ increases firstly and then decreases with the increasing values of Nfor both Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases. Also, Figures 7 and 8 depict that the shear stress increases with the increasing values of the viscoelastic parameter |γ|in comparison with Newtonian fluid when the values of the magnetic field parameter Hincrease.Figure 5
Variation ofσ against H when N = 1.5.Figure 6
Variation ofσ against H when N = 2.5.Figure 7
Variation ofs against N when H = 1.5.Figure 8
Variation ofs against N when H = 2.5.It has also been observed that the temperature field is not significantly affected by the viscoelastic parameter.



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*Source: 879537-2012-01-29.xml*