# Influence of Bushen Tiaochong Cycle Therapy on Th1/Th2 Deviation, Sex Hormone Level, and Pregnancy Outcome of Alloimmune Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Authors: Peng Wang; Guilin Jiang; Wenjuan Ju; Yaping Cai; Jinrong Wang; Feihua Wu
Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
 (2021)

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## Abstract

Objective. To analyze the influence of Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy on Th1/Th2 deviation, sex hormone level, and pregnancy outcome of alloimmune recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Methods. From August 2018 to April 2020, 130 patients with alloimmune RSA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (n = 65) and the study group (n = 65). The former received lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT), and the latter received Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy on the basis of LIT. The treatment ended at 12 w of pregnancy. The total score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, Th1 cytokine (IL-2), Th2 cytokine (IL-10), and related hormones (chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone (P)) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The positive rate of blocking antibody (BA), pregnancy success rate, and preterm birth rate were counted. Result. After treatment, the total score of TCM syndromes, IL-2 level, and Th1/Th2 ratio in the two groups decreased significantly, while the levels of IL-10, hCG, and P increased significantly, and the study group improved significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The positive rate of BA and pregnancy success rate in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the preterm birth rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. On the basis of routine western medicine treatment, a combined application of Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy can significantly improve the Th1/Th2 deviation, serum sex hormone level, and pregnancy outcome in patients with alloimmune RSA.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) refers to the occurrence of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions (including consecutive biochemical pregnancies) in pregnant women with same sexual partner before 24 weeks of pregnancy (28 weeks in China). The incidence is about 2∼4%, and the risk of recurrence increases with the increase in the number of abortions, causing serious harm to the physical and mental health of patients [1, 2]. According to the maternal immunological factors of RSA, RSA can be divided into two types: alloimmune type and autoimmune type [3]. Among them, the former has the highest incidence rate in RAS, accounting for 50%, which is related to the imbalance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance and is defined as unexplained RSA (URSA) [4, 5]. The latter is related to pregnant women’s autoimmune factors, which is the loss of pregnancy caused by autoimmune diseases [6]. At present, the normative diagnosis and treatment of RSA has become an important and difficult problem to be solved in the field of reproductive health. Lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) refers to a treatment method that inputs the lymphocytes of the patient’s husband or a third party into the body as immune antigens to induce the patient to form immune tolerance to allogeneic antigens, thereby protecting the embryonic paternal antigens and the embryo [7]. However, some studies believe that it cannot improve the live birth rate of Ursa patients, and the safety of blood products should also be concerned [8].Alloimmune RSA belongs to the category of “slippery tire” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has the characteristics of “repeated pregnancy, repeated abortion, and abortion at a certain time.” According to the existing research, Chinese medicine of tonifying the kidney and regulating Chong has a good effect on the treatment of female premature ovarian failure and ovulation dysfunctional infertility. It can improve the function of uterus and endometrium, regulate hormones, and promote follicular growth [9]. In recent years, our department has applied Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy to the periodic treatment of alloimmune RSA patients, and found its significant effect in improving Th1/Th2 deviation, sex hormone level, and pregnancy outcome. It is reported as follows.


## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. General Data

From August 2018 to April 2020, 130 patients with alloimmune RSA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (n = 65) and the study group (n = 65). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in baseline information such as age, number of abortions, days of pregnancy, and risk factors (Table 1, P>0.05). The two groups were comparable.Table 1
Comparison of general information between the two groups.
InformationControl group (n = 65)Study group (n = 65)χ2/tPAge (years)31.65 ± 3.6131.52 ± 3.590.2060.837Number of abortions (times)3.01 ± 1.513.03 ± 1.480.0760.939Pregnancy time (d)43.90 ± 11.8644.28 ± 12.010.1820.856Risk factors (cases)Heavy smoking8 (12.31%)10 (15.38%)0.2580.612Heavy drinking13 (20.00%)12 (18.46%)0.0500.824


### 2.2. Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) met the definition of alloimmune RSA by the European Society of human reproduction and embryology: the number of consecutive spontaneous abortions with the same sexual partner was ≥2 [10]; met the definition of “slippery tire” in gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine: the main syndrome was repeated pregnancies and repeated abortions, abdominal falling pain, lumbosacral soreness, and vaginal bleeding; the secondary syndrome was dizziness and tinnitus, knee soreness, frequent urination at night, dark red menstrual color or mixed with blood clots, light dark tongue or ecchymosis, thin white tongue coating, thin or astringent pulse; (2) the blocking antibody (BA) test was negative; (3) the chromosome test of abortion was normal; (4) the man’s semen test was normal; (5) age of the patient was 20∼40 years; and (6) informed consent was obtained and participation was voluntary.


### 2.3. Exclusion Criteria

Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) RSA caused by nonimmune tolerance imbalance such as endocrine abnormalities, infection, genetic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and congenital reproductive organ malformations; (2) partners who had AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, and other medical history; (3) patients who had received immunotherapy or related drug treatment 3 months before enrollment; (4) patients with malignant tumor or important organ dysfunction; and (5) patients with poor treatment compliance.


### 2.4. Research Methods

(1) The control group received LIT, referring to theOperating Procedures for HLA Serology Experiment. The lymphocytes in the sterile laminar flow laboratory were separated and purified, the separated lymphocytes were mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline, and the concentration was adjusted to (20∼30) × 109/L; immunization started 3∼4 months before the patient’s planned pregnancy. Injection method: drawing lymphocyte suspension, injecting 3∼4 colliculus on the inner side of the patient’s upper arm, about 0.25 ml at each point, and treating once every 3 weeks. The course of treatment was four times. If the patient was not pregnant within 2 months of treatment, another treatment would be added; if the patient was diagnosed with early pregnancy, 1∼2 additional treatments should be added as appropriate, and the treatment time should end at 12 w of pregnancy. (2) On the basis of LIT, the study group received Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy at the same time. The patients were treated with the Chinese medicine of Bushen Tiaochong in premenstrual period, menstrual period, and postmenstrual period. In premenstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription before menstruation (prescription: 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and dipsacus and 10 g of angelica, rehmannia glutinosa, poria cocos, yam, dodder, cistanche deserticola, parasitic loranthus, raspberry, morinda officinalis, and medlar). In menstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription during menstruation (prescription: 30 g of motherwort, 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and eupatorium, 15 g of cyperus and hawthorn, 10 g of angelica, red peony, rhizome of chuanxiong, rehmannia glutinosa, safflower, peach kernel, and cyathula, and 5 g of cinnamon). In postmenstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription after menstruation (prescription: 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and dipsacus and 10 g of angelica sinensis, white peony, ophiopogon japonicus, eclipta, ligustrum lucidum, yam, parasitic loranthus, cornus officinalis, poria cocos, and atractylodes macrocephala). The medicine used is boiled into 400 ml liquid with water, 1 dose/d, and taken after heating in the morning and evening. The treatment ended at 12 w of pregnancy.


### 2.5. Observed Indicators

(1) Total score of TCM syndrome: before and after treatment, according to theGuiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Traditional Chinese Medicine. The severity of TCM symptoms and signs such as dizziness and tinnitus, sore wake waist and knees, frequent urination at night, sinking and stringy astringency pulse, and light purple tongue were quantified as 0∼4 scores, and the total score was taken. (2) Detection of serological indexes: before and after treatment, fasting peripheral blood of the two groups was collected, and the levels of helper T cell subtype Th1 cytokines (represented by interleukin-2 (IL-2)), Th2 cytokines (represented by IL-10), and Th1/Th2 ratio were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of related hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone (P)) were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The supporting kit was purchased from Nanjing Senbega Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch no: 20170312. (3) BA positive conversion rate and pregnancy outcome: the BA positive rate, pregnancy success rate, and preterm birth rate of the two groups were obtained.


### 2.6. Statistical Methods

Data analysis was processed by SPSS 22.0 software. The measurement data were expressed as (x¯±s), and t-test analysis was used for comparison. The count data were expressed as (%), and χ2-test analysis was used for comparison. P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.


## 2.1. General Data

From August 2018 to April 2020, 130 patients with alloimmune RSA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (n = 65) and the study group (n = 65). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in baseline information such as age, number of abortions, days of pregnancy, and risk factors (Table 1, P>0.05). The two groups were comparable.Table 1
Comparison of general information between the two groups.
InformationControl group (n = 65)Study group (n = 65)χ2/tPAge (years)31.65 ± 3.6131.52 ± 3.590.2060.837Number of abortions (times)3.01 ± 1.513.03 ± 1.480.0760.939Pregnancy time (d)43.90 ± 11.8644.28 ± 12.010.1820.856Risk factors (cases)Heavy smoking8 (12.31%)10 (15.38%)0.2580.612Heavy drinking13 (20.00%)12 (18.46%)0.0500.824


## 2.2. Inclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) met the definition of alloimmune RSA by the European Society of human reproduction and embryology: the number of consecutive spontaneous abortions with the same sexual partner was ≥2 [10]; met the definition of “slippery tire” in gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine: the main syndrome was repeated pregnancies and repeated abortions, abdominal falling pain, lumbosacral soreness, and vaginal bleeding; the secondary syndrome was dizziness and tinnitus, knee soreness, frequent urination at night, dark red menstrual color or mixed with blood clots, light dark tongue or ecchymosis, thin white tongue coating, thin or astringent pulse; (2) the blocking antibody (BA) test was negative; (3) the chromosome test of abortion was normal; (4) the man’s semen test was normal; (5) age of the patient was 20∼40 years; and (6) informed consent was obtained and participation was voluntary.


## 2.3. Exclusion Criteria

Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) RSA caused by nonimmune tolerance imbalance such as endocrine abnormalities, infection, genetic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and congenital reproductive organ malformations; (2) partners who had AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, and other medical history; (3) patients who had received immunotherapy or related drug treatment 3 months before enrollment; (4) patients with malignant tumor or important organ dysfunction; and (5) patients with poor treatment compliance.


## 2.4. Research Methods

(1) The control group received LIT, referring to theOperating Procedures for HLA Serology Experiment. The lymphocytes in the sterile laminar flow laboratory were separated and purified, the separated lymphocytes were mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline, and the concentration was adjusted to (20∼30) × 109/L; immunization started 3∼4 months before the patient’s planned pregnancy. Injection method: drawing lymphocyte suspension, injecting 3∼4 colliculus on the inner side of the patient’s upper arm, about 0.25 ml at each point, and treating once every 3 weeks. The course of treatment was four times. If the patient was not pregnant within 2 months of treatment, another treatment would be added; if the patient was diagnosed with early pregnancy, 1∼2 additional treatments should be added as appropriate, and the treatment time should end at 12 w of pregnancy. (2) On the basis of LIT, the study group received Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy at the same time. The patients were treated with the Chinese medicine of Bushen Tiaochong in premenstrual period, menstrual period, and postmenstrual period. In premenstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription before menstruation (prescription: 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and dipsacus and 10 g of angelica, rehmannia glutinosa, poria cocos, yam, dodder, cistanche deserticola, parasitic loranthus, raspberry, morinda officinalis, and medlar). In menstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription during menstruation (prescription: 30 g of motherwort, 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and eupatorium, 15 g of cyperus and hawthorn, 10 g of angelica, red peony, rhizome of chuanxiong, rehmannia glutinosa, safflower, peach kernel, and cyathula, and 5 g of cinnamon). In postmenstrual period, patients were treated by Bushen Tiaochong prescription after menstruation (prescription: 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and dipsacus and 10 g of angelica sinensis, white peony, ophiopogon japonicus, eclipta, ligustrum lucidum, yam, parasitic loranthus, cornus officinalis, poria cocos, and atractylodes macrocephala). The medicine used is boiled into 400 ml liquid with water, 1 dose/d, and taken after heating in the morning and evening. The treatment ended at 12 w of pregnancy.


## 2.5. Observed Indicators

(1) Total score of TCM syndrome: before and after treatment, according to theGuiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Traditional Chinese Medicine. The severity of TCM symptoms and signs such as dizziness and tinnitus, sore wake waist and knees, frequent urination at night, sinking and stringy astringency pulse, and light purple tongue were quantified as 0∼4 scores, and the total score was taken. (2) Detection of serological indexes: before and after treatment, fasting peripheral blood of the two groups was collected, and the levels of helper T cell subtype Th1 cytokines (represented by interleukin-2 (IL-2)), Th2 cytokines (represented by IL-10), and Th1/Th2 ratio were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of related hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone (P)) were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The supporting kit was purchased from Nanjing Senbega Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch no: 20170312. (3) BA positive conversion rate and pregnancy outcome: the BA positive rate, pregnancy success rate, and preterm birth rate of the two groups were obtained.


## 2.6. Statistical Methods

Data analysis was processed by SPSS 22.0 software. The measurement data were expressed as (x¯±s), and t-test analysis was used for comparison. The count data were expressed as (%), and χ2-test analysis was used for comparison. P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.


## 3. Results

### 3.1. Comparison of Total Scores of TCM Syndromes between the Two Groups

After treatment, the total scores of TCM syndromes in the control group (8.81 ± 0.37) and the study group (3.78 ± 0.25) were significantly lower than those before treatment (15.58 ± 0.45), (15.62 ± 0.51). In addition, it was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 1).Figure 1
Comparison of the total scores of TCM syndromes between the two groups (x¯±s, scores). ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.


### 3.2. Comparison of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines between the Two Groups

After treatment, the levels of IL-2 and Th1/Th2 ratio in the control group were (11.24 ± 2.92) kIU/L and (7.45 ± 2.38), respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (17.51 ± 3.64) kIU/L and (33.56 ± 11.67) (P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-2 level and Th1/Th2 ratio in the study group were (10.02 ± 2.83) kIU/L and (2.97 ± 0.62), respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (17.60 ± 3.58) kIU/L and (34.05 ± 11.80) (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-10 in the control group (16.48 ± 3.26) μg/L and the study group (18.15 ± 3.57) μg/L were significantly higher than those before treatment (12.53 ± 2.46) μg/L, (12.56 ± 2.39) μg/L. In addition, it was significantly better in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 2).Figure 2
Comparison of Th1 and Th2 cytokines between the two groups (x¯±s). (a) IL-2 level; (b) IL-10 level; (c) Th1/Th2 ratio. ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.
(a)(b)(c)


### 3.3. Comparison of Sex Hormone Levels between the Two Groups

After treatment, the levels of HCG and P in the control group were (104839.68 ± 676.24) mIU/ml and (12.27 ± 2.40) ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (992.52 ± 106.39) mIU/ml and (4.35 ± 1.07) ng/ml (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of HCG and P in the study group were (116895.52 ± 798.39) mIU/ml and (16.17 ± 2.87) ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (958.60 ± 112.01) mIU/ml and (4.34 ± 1.09) ng/ml (P<0.05). In addition, the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 3).Figure 3
Comparison of sex hormone levels between the two groups (x¯±s). (a) HCG level; (b) P level. ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.
(a)(b)


### 3.4. Comparison of BA Positive Rate and Pregnancy Outcome between the Two Groups

After treatment, the BA positive rate of 92.31% (60/65) and pregnancy success rate of 87.69% (57/65) in the study group were significantly higher than 76.92% (50/65) and 70.77% (46/65) in the control group (P<0.05). The preterm birth rate in the study group was 13.85% (9/65) compared with 18.46% (12/65) in the control group, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05, Figure 4).Figure 4
Comparison of BA positive rate and pregnancy outcome between the two groups (%).∗The comparison with the control group, P<0.05.


## 3.1. Comparison of Total Scores of TCM Syndromes between the Two Groups

After treatment, the total scores of TCM syndromes in the control group (8.81 ± 0.37) and the study group (3.78 ± 0.25) were significantly lower than those before treatment (15.58 ± 0.45), (15.62 ± 0.51). In addition, it was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 1).Figure 1
Comparison of the total scores of TCM syndromes between the two groups (x¯±s, scores). ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.


## 3.2. Comparison of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines between the Two Groups

After treatment, the levels of IL-2 and Th1/Th2 ratio in the control group were (11.24 ± 2.92) kIU/L and (7.45 ± 2.38), respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (17.51 ± 3.64) kIU/L and (33.56 ± 11.67) (P<0.05). After treatment, the IL-2 level and Th1/Th2 ratio in the study group were (10.02 ± 2.83) kIU/L and (2.97 ± 0.62), respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (17.60 ± 3.58) kIU/L and (34.05 ± 11.80) (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-10 in the control group (16.48 ± 3.26) μg/L and the study group (18.15 ± 3.57) μg/L were significantly higher than those before treatment (12.53 ± 2.46) μg/L, (12.56 ± 2.39) μg/L. In addition, it was significantly better in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 2).Figure 2
Comparison of Th1 and Th2 cytokines between the two groups (x¯±s). (a) IL-2 level; (b) IL-10 level; (c) Th1/Th2 ratio. ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.
(a)(b)(c)


## 3.3. Comparison of Sex Hormone Levels between the Two Groups

After treatment, the levels of HCG and P in the control group were (104839.68 ± 676.24) mIU/ml and (12.27 ± 2.40) ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (992.52 ± 106.39) mIU/ml and (4.35 ± 1.07) ng/ml (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of HCG and P in the study group were (116895.52 ± 798.39) mIU/ml and (16.17 ± 2.87) ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (958.60 ± 112.01) mIU/ml and (4.34 ± 1.09) ng/ml (P<0.05). In addition, the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) (Figure 3).Figure 3
Comparison of sex hormone levels between the two groups (x¯±s). (a) HCG level; (b) P level. ∗The comparison with the same group before treatment, P<0.05; #the comparison with the control group after treatment, P<0.05.
(a)(b)


## 3.4. Comparison of BA Positive Rate and Pregnancy Outcome between the Two Groups

After treatment, the BA positive rate of 92.31% (60/65) and pregnancy success rate of 87.69% (57/65) in the study group were significantly higher than 76.92% (50/65) and 70.77% (46/65) in the control group (P<0.05). The preterm birth rate in the study group was 13.85% (9/65) compared with 18.46% (12/65) in the control group, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05, Figure 4).Figure 4
Comparison of BA positive rate and pregnancy outcome between the two groups (%).∗The comparison with the control group, P<0.05.


## 4. Discussion

Alloimmune RSA is the “slippery tire” in Chinese medicine, the mechanism is closely related to the lack of kidney qi, deficiency of qi and blood, and the insufficiency of the two channels, Chong and Ren. As an old saying goes, “the kidney governs reproduction,” “the uterus is tied to the kidney,” and “the two veins of Chong and Ren originate in the uterus.” The fetus living in the uterus depends on the nourishment of the kidneys and the maintenance of the Chong and Ren veins. When the mother’s kidney qi is full, and the Chong-Ren veins are smooth and vigorous, the embryo will be stable and the mother will be healthy. On the contrary, when the mother’s kidney is not solid, or the Chong-Ren veins are damaged due to multiple abortions, the symptoms accumulate, and there is a risk of unstable embryos and slippery tires. Therefore, the principle of treatment can be to invigorate the kidney and promote blood circulation and regulate the Chong-Ren. Based on this, this study combined different menstrual cycles and applied different prescriptions for Bushen Tiaochong. The results showed that the total score of TCM syndromes in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment, but the improvement in the study group was more significant. This suggests that the Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy is an effective way to improve a physique prone to abortion of patients and alleviate the symptoms of miscarriage.In the premenstrual period (luteal phase), the body is in a stage where yang qi grows and yin qi fades. The treatment should be based on warming the kidney and promoting blood circulation, and regulating and replenishing Chong-Ren. Therefore, in the Bushen Tiaochong prescription before menstruation, the blood-activating drugs such as salvia miltiorrhiza, dipsacus, angelica, etc. was mixed with dodder, cistanche deserticola, parasitic loranthus, raspberry, and other drugs that have kidney-warming and antimiscarriage effects and hormone-like effects. It can effectively maintain the function of the corpus luteum, increase the level of hormones in the body, and promote the endometrium from the proliferation phase to the secretory phase, which will ultimately help in the union of sperm and eggs and a smooth implantation of the fertilized eggs [11]. During menstruation, if the patient’s egg cells are not conceived, the corpus luteum gradually shrinks, hormone secretion drops sharply, and periodic ischemic necrosis of the endometrium occurs and peels off [12]. During this period, we can take advantage of the situation and help the endometrium to fall off quickly and facilitate the timely cleaning of menstruation. Therefore, in the Bushen Tiaochong prescription during menstruation, adding motherwort, red peony, hawthorn, safflower, peach kernel, chuanxiong, and other powerful blood-activating drugs with blood-activating drugs of the Bushen Tiaochong prescription before menstruation can effectively achieve the purpose of unobstructed menstrual flow. In the late menstrual period (follicle development period), the patient’s menstruation has just ended, and the yin blood is relatively lacking. The treatment should be based on nourishing yin and the kidneys, nourishing blood, and promoting blood circulation. Therefore, the treatment is based on the medicines of the Bushen Tiaochong prescription before menstruation that promote blood circulation, mixed with white peony, ophiopogon japonicus, cornus officinalis, ligustrum lucidum, eclipta, and other medicines that have the effect of nourishing kidney and filling essence, which will help the timely recovery of yin and blood and regulate the function of hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and promote the growth of the endometrium and the development of follicles [13]. In addition, modern pharmacological studies have also shown that salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica sinensis, red peony, peach kernel, rhizome of chuanxiong, safflower, and other Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis have the effect of regulating the disordered cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the blood stasis state [14]. In addition, cinnamon, dodder, raspberry, morinda officinalis, and other Chinese herbs for warming kidney and promoting blood circulation regulate immune function and improve the endocrine system [15].Immunology believes that for the mother, the fetus is a semiallograft of the same genus, and there is a special immune tolerance between the two. The immune balance between the mother and the fetus is an important mechanism to maintain the normal pregnancy. Specifically, when the mother’s immunity to the same genus of antigen is low or immunodeficient, the body’s BA production is suppressed and the immune balance is impaired, which can trigger the rejection and killing of the embryo by the mother’s immune system, resulting in abortion [16]. The occurrence of this mechanism is closely related to the abnormality of the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets and the activity and number of macrophages, human leukocyte antigens, and NK cells [17]. Among them, Th1 type cells that mainly secrete IL-2, interferon, etc. and Th2 type cells that mainly secrete IL-4, IL-10, etc. play an important role and have been currently studied more. The former is involved in cellular immunity and inflammation and has the effect of killing embryos [18]; the latter is involved in cell proliferation, B cell antibody production, and allogeneic immune tolerance and has the effect of protecting and maintaining pregnancy [19]. The two interact to maintain the stability of the maternal immune system. When the Th1/Th2 balance shifts (that is, the ratio increases), there may be a risk of causing alloimmune RSA [20]. In addition, endocrine factors are also important factors affecting the pregnancy outcome. HCG and P are two sex hormones that play an important role in early pregnancy. The former is synthesized and secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts, which are related to the normality of corpus luteum function and embryonic development [21]. The latter promotes the production of human albumin antigen G, which protects embryos from maternal rejection, maintains the mother-fetal immune balance, and reduces uterine contractions [22]. The above four indicators can be used as important indicators for predicting the pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion patients and evaluating the efficacy of fetal preservation treatment. After treatment in this study, the IL-2 levels and Th1/Th2 ratio of the two groups decreased significantly, and the levels of IL-10, HCG, and P increased significantly, and the effect of the study group was better. It is suggested that on the basis of LIT, the treatment of alloimmune RSA patients with Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy has an effective mechanism that may be related to the regulation of the body’s Th cytokine and related hormone levels and the maintenance of the Th1/Th2 balance.At present, it is generally believed that it is a feasible method for the treatment of alloimmune RSA, but the exact efficacy remains controversial. BA is an antibody secreted by the mother and has the effect of protecting the fetus. When it is negative, the probability of RSA in pregnant women increases. At this time, patients can receive targeted LIT treatment to improve immune function and pregnancy rate [23]. In the study of Chen et al. [24], the BA positive rate and pregnancy success rate of patients treated with LIT were 77.9% and 65.3%, respectively. In the study of Arefieva et al. [25], the pregnancy rate in 12 menstrual cycles of 37 patients treated with LIT was 78.4%. In this study, the BA positive rate and pregnancy success rate of the control group treated with LIT were 76.92% and 70.77%, respectively. This was significantly lower than the BA positive rate of 92.31% and the pregnancy success rate of 87.69% in the study group. This suggests that the Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy combined with LIT treatment is an effective method to promote BA positive in alloimmune RSA patients and improve the success rate of pregnancy. This study also showed that there was no significant difference in the preterm birth rate between the two groups. This suggests that whether Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy can improve the incidence of preterm delivery in alloimmune RSA patients still needs to be further studied with a large sample size in the future.In conclusion, on the basis of routine western medicine treatment, combined application of Bushen Tiaochong cycle therapy can significantly improve the Th1/Th2 deviation, serum sex hormone level, and pregnancy outcome in patients with alloimmune RSA.



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