# The Ecological Environment Art Design of Urban Wetland Park: Taking the Landscape Design of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City as an Example

Authors: Jing Zhang
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

As an important carrier of human production and life, the quality of the urban ecological environment has the most direct impact on the living conditions of the urban population. The prominence of urban problems has undoubtedly increased people’s desire and pursuit of natural ecology. As a complex with multiple functions and benefits, urban wetlands play a pivotal role in improving the ecological environment of the city. Therefore, this paper starts from the perspective of urban wetland parks and conducts in-depth research on the landscape design of this type of park, which is conducive to the improvement of park landscapes. From the perspective of expert cognition, the evaluation index system of landscape aesthetics of the wetland park around the city is established, the weight of each index is calculated, and then the AHP attribute hierarchy model method is used to construct the evaluation model. Combined with the expert scores of various indicators, we quantitatively evaluate the landscape aesthetics of three representative surrounding wetland parks and draw conclusions. Using the analytic hierarchy process comprehensive index method to calculate the landscape evaluation index layer data, the index score of wetland ecosystem is 84.51, the index layer of wetland landscape quality is 79.17, and the score of wetland aesthetic index layer is 76.97. Based on the analysis and evaluation results, it is concluded that the comprehensive evaluation score of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is 81.62, which is excellent in the evaluation of water network urban wetland park landscape. The quality of wetland landscape can give full play to the ecological value of wetland and reflect the beauty of wetland.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Due to the huge population in China, with the development of technology and economy, people overexploited and utilized wetland resources, such as eradicating tidal flats, burying swamps, and filling lakes and ponds, in order to promote the rapid development of economy and agriculture in various regions, resulting in the rapid shrinking of wetland area [1, 2]. In the earliest European developed countries, a large number of experts and scholars have studied wetland topics, such as Sweden, Denmark, and the United States, and have achieved many research results in wetland research. The research aspects involved in this achievement mainly include ecological structure, wetland environmental protection, and management legislation [3, 4]. In the 1970s, developed countries started to restore and rebuild wetlands and included wetland area research in urban landscape planning. It was not until the end of the last century that artificial wetlands and natural wetlands were added to wetland landscape park planning [5–7]. A complete theoretical system has been formed in the study of wetlands abroad.The main problem facing urban development in China is the urban heat island effect, and the advantages of wetlands are that they can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect by adjusting the climate in local areas, purifying the air, and beautifying the environment [8, 9]. Therefore, the wetlands that are closer to the cities where people live have become the natural resources that people rely on for survival, and the urban wetlands are also the core part of the urban green space system. The wetland landscape planned by urban design, as a place for people’s daily play and rest, also makes all sectors of society realize the importance of wetlands to people and better popularize ecological environment knowledge [10, 11]. The construction of urban wetland parks is to form urban green parks through rational planning of existing natural wetlands or constructed wetlands in urban areas, creating a comfortable and healthy leisure environment for people [12]. The National Wetland Protection Outline clearly points out the need to plan and construct wetland parks, and the Wetland Convention also points out the importance of wetland parks. The most effective way to protect and restore wetland parks based on the current environment is to build urban wetland parks [13–15]. Under the premise of protecting wetlands, developing wetlands into wetland parks in a reasonable way can fully reflect the ecological advantages of wetland parks and can also provide people with places for popular science education, teaching research, sightseeing, and leisure [16, 17].This paper analyzes the landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, establishes a wetland park landscape evaluation system, combines field research to analyze and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of Muye Lake Wetland Park landscape, and puts forward feasible suggestions for the sustainable development of Muye Lake Wetland Park. It is a method that can provide a theoretical basis for the research on the landscape of urban wetland parks in China.


## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. Overview of Wetland Park Research

One of the main measures to protect biodiversity and ecosystems in China is to build wetland parks and to protect wetlands and rationally use wetlands through wetland parks. Wetland parks approved and built by the national wetland authority are called national wetland parks [18, 19]. Today, only China has adopted this concept in the world. In recent years, national policies have supported the construction of wetland parks. By the end of 2020, a total of 899 national-level wetland parks have been built in China, and there are more than 100 wetland parks that have been delisted from the Forestry Bureau (Figure 1). The number rose nearly 14 times. This shows that all local governments are actively applying for and building national wetland parks, and the area of wetland parks built has gradually expanded.Figure 1
Statistics on changes in the number of nationally approved wetland parks from 2011 to 2020.


### 2.2. Statistics

By collecting and arranging the characteristic factors of landscape characteristics and beauty degree of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, we use EXCEL software to organize the weight data and then use the multiple linear regression method in SPSS data analysis software to establish the visual landscape beauty degree and other landscapes of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City. The mathematical statistical model among the feature evaluation factors is used to calculate the data value of each index layer in the evaluation system and the comprehensive score of landscape evaluation.


### 2.3. Selection of Landscape Evaluation System Indicators

An urban wetland park with a water network is composed of two parts: the artificial environment ecosystem and the natural environment ecosystem. It belongs to the urban wetland park and has basic social services, rest, entertainment, and other functions and also has all the functions of the wetland ecological park. The urban wetland park is located at the edge of the connection between water and land. It has the nature of water and land, which makes the edge effect of the wetland park strong. The superposition of the above two properties on wetlands enhances the ecological sensitivity, which in turn increases the complexity of the ecosystem. Based on the landscape characteristics and ecological environment of urban wetland parks, this paper combines the economic and ecological effects of wetlands with social and cultural environment and aims to achieve sustainable development of wetland parks. Here, the wetland landscape quality, wetland ecosystem, and wetland aesthetic value are selected as three index layers, and the following thirteen index factors are determined by expert screening method as evaluation indicators. Based on this, the water network urban wetland park landscape evaluation system is established (Table1).Table 1
The index table of the landscape evaluation system of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.
Target layerIndicator layerFactor layerIndicator natureUrban wetland park landscape evaluation systemWetland ecosystemWetland species diversity C1QuantitativeEcosystem type diversity C2QuantitativeWetland connectivity C3QuantitativeWetland type richness C4QuantitativeProportion of protected species C5QuantitativeWetland landscape qualityWater quality C6QuantitativeWetland area C7QuantitativeWetland landscape diversity C8QuantitativeWetland landscape uniformity C9QuantitativeWetland landscape fragmentation C10QuantitativeWetland aestheticsWetland landscape color richness C11QuantitativeWetland uniqueness C12QuantitativeVisual diversity C13Quantitative


## 2.1. Overview of Wetland Park Research

One of the main measures to protect biodiversity and ecosystems in China is to build wetland parks and to protect wetlands and rationally use wetlands through wetland parks. Wetland parks approved and built by the national wetland authority are called national wetland parks [18, 19]. Today, only China has adopted this concept in the world. In recent years, national policies have supported the construction of wetland parks. By the end of 2020, a total of 899 national-level wetland parks have been built in China, and there are more than 100 wetland parks that have been delisted from the Forestry Bureau (Figure 1). The number rose nearly 14 times. This shows that all local governments are actively applying for and building national wetland parks, and the area of wetland parks built has gradually expanded.Figure 1
Statistics on changes in the number of nationally approved wetland parks from 2011 to 2020.


## 2.2. Statistics

By collecting and arranging the characteristic factors of landscape characteristics and beauty degree of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, we use EXCEL software to organize the weight data and then use the multiple linear regression method in SPSS data analysis software to establish the visual landscape beauty degree and other landscapes of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City. The mathematical statistical model among the feature evaluation factors is used to calculate the data value of each index layer in the evaluation system and the comprehensive score of landscape evaluation.


## 2.3. Selection of Landscape Evaluation System Indicators

An urban wetland park with a water network is composed of two parts: the artificial environment ecosystem and the natural environment ecosystem. It belongs to the urban wetland park and has basic social services, rest, entertainment, and other functions and also has all the functions of the wetland ecological park. The urban wetland park is located at the edge of the connection between water and land. It has the nature of water and land, which makes the edge effect of the wetland park strong. The superposition of the above two properties on wetlands enhances the ecological sensitivity, which in turn increases the complexity of the ecosystem. Based on the landscape characteristics and ecological environment of urban wetland parks, this paper combines the economic and ecological effects of wetlands with social and cultural environment and aims to achieve sustainable development of wetland parks. Here, the wetland landscape quality, wetland ecosystem, and wetland aesthetic value are selected as three index layers, and the following thirteen index factors are determined by expert screening method as evaluation indicators. Based on this, the water network urban wetland park landscape evaluation system is established (Table1).Table 1
The index table of the landscape evaluation system of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.
Target layerIndicator layerFactor layerIndicator natureUrban wetland park landscape evaluation systemWetland ecosystemWetland species diversity C1QuantitativeEcosystem type diversity C2QuantitativeWetland connectivity C3QuantitativeWetland type richness C4QuantitativeProportion of protected species C5QuantitativeWetland landscape qualityWater quality C6QuantitativeWetland area C7QuantitativeWetland landscape diversity C8QuantitativeWetland landscape uniformity C9QuantitativeWetland landscape fragmentation C10QuantitativeWetland aestheticsWetland landscape color richness C11QuantitativeWetland uniqueness C12QuantitativeVisual diversity C13Quantitative


## 3. Research Methods

### 3.1. Hierarchical Comprehensive Index Analysis Method

In the application of AHP, it is necessary to divide the research factors into multiple different factors and determine the hierarchical relationship according to the attribute characteristics and relationships among the factors, so as to establish a complete hierarchical structure model. By selecting two elements in each level for comparison and judgment, the importance of each element is determined, the importance of the judgment information is expressed quantitatively, and the relative weight of each factor in different levels can be obtained by substituting it into the judgment matrix for calculation. Finally, the combined operation is used. In this way, the combined weight value of each level relative to the target is obtained.After analysis, there are many factors that affect the water network urban wetland park landscape. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the objectives hierarchically and systematically to truly reflect the actual situation of the wetland park landscape. After the hierarchical structure model is successfully established, it is necessary to further judge the importance of different indicators in the indicator layer and the factor layer and each factor in the target layer compared with the indicator layer. Here, the proportional scaling method in the AHP is used to compare the factors and indicators in pairs, so that the weight of each indicator can be calculated more accurately (Table2).Table 2
Proportional scale table.
ScalingaijMeaning1Bi and Bj equal importance3Bi is slightly important than Bj5Bi is more important than Bj7Bi and Bj are very important9Bi and Bj are extremely important2, 4, 6, 8The intermediate state of the above two judgmentsBased on the principle of scaling method and through the following judgment matrix to compare different factors in the same level, it can be described as(1)R=aijm×n=a11a11⋯a1na21a21⋯a2n⋯⋯⋯⋯an1an2⋯ann.It can be seen that the judgment matrix has the following properties, that is, the scale:aij>0, aij=1/aij, and aij=1.The normalized processing judgment matrix is represented by the following formula for the general term of the factor:(2)Rij=rij∑1nriji,j=1,2,⋯,n.We calculate and determine the weight of each evaluation factor as the main part of the water network urban wetland park landscape evaluation. In this paper, the AHP method is used to calculate the weight of each factor and index, and then the standard reference calculation index can be used to calculate the final comprehensive index of wetland park landscape. Thus, the evaluation results can be displayed more intuitively.This paper uses the comprehensive index method to evaluate the landscape designed and planned in the urban wetland park. The following is the specific process: the first step is to find the metaindicator value. In indicator representation, the following are the calculation formulas of the two indicators:Positive indicator is as follows:(3)D=FR.Inverse indicator is as follows:(4)D=1‐FR.In the formula,D represents the calculated value of the indicator, F represents the actual value of the indicator, and R represents the reference value of the indicator. We calculate the evaluation index value and comprehensive index based on
(5)BCD=∑WiDi.In the formula, the urban wetland park landscape index is represented byBCD, the index factor weight is represented by Wi, and the evaluation index of each index factor is represented by Di.


### 3.2. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Multiple linear regression refers to a statistical method used to describe the relationship between variables under the premise that there is a curve relationship or a straight line relationship between multiple variables and individual variables. To compare the degree of resilience of different independent variables, it is also necessary to test the degree of dedication of the independent variables to the dependent variable and to predict, control, and explain the changes of other variables according to the degree of change of multiple variables. Correlation analysis also analyzes the relationship between two different variables. However, it is necessary to use regression equations to explain the relationship between variables, and the obtained results are more accurate, which can be specifically described as(6)y∗=b0+b1x1+b2x2+⋯+bnxn.In the above formula,y∗ is the estimated value calculated according to all independent variables x; b0 represents the constant term; and b1, b2, and b3are the partial regression coefficients of y corresponding to x1,x2⋯xn, respectively.The premise of partial regression coefficient is that all other variables remain unchanged while changing the ratio of dependent variable changes caused by any independent variable and establishing a multiple linear regression model. The assumptions are that there is no autocorrelation, normality assumption, random variable uncorrelation, independence assumption, and random error uncorrelation. Here, the relationship between variables and independent variables is analyzed by constructing multiple linear regression equations, instead of predicting the tolerance interval and credible interval of the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable. Therefore, the requirements for testing the homogeneity of variance and normality can be adjusted appropriately.


## 3.1. Hierarchical Comprehensive Index Analysis Method

In the application of AHP, it is necessary to divide the research factors into multiple different factors and determine the hierarchical relationship according to the attribute characteristics and relationships among the factors, so as to establish a complete hierarchical structure model. By selecting two elements in each level for comparison and judgment, the importance of each element is determined, the importance of the judgment information is expressed quantitatively, and the relative weight of each factor in different levels can be obtained by substituting it into the judgment matrix for calculation. Finally, the combined operation is used. In this way, the combined weight value of each level relative to the target is obtained.After analysis, there are many factors that affect the water network urban wetland park landscape. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the objectives hierarchically and systematically to truly reflect the actual situation of the wetland park landscape. After the hierarchical structure model is successfully established, it is necessary to further judge the importance of different indicators in the indicator layer and the factor layer and each factor in the target layer compared with the indicator layer. Here, the proportional scaling method in the AHP is used to compare the factors and indicators in pairs, so that the weight of each indicator can be calculated more accurately (Table2).Table 2
Proportional scale table.
ScalingaijMeaning1Bi and Bj equal importance3Bi is slightly important than Bj5Bi is more important than Bj7Bi and Bj are very important9Bi and Bj are extremely important2, 4, 6, 8The intermediate state of the above two judgmentsBased on the principle of scaling method and through the following judgment matrix to compare different factors in the same level, it can be described as(1)R=aijm×n=a11a11⋯a1na21a21⋯a2n⋯⋯⋯⋯an1an2⋯ann.It can be seen that the judgment matrix has the following properties, that is, the scale:aij>0, aij=1/aij, and aij=1.The normalized processing judgment matrix is represented by the following formula for the general term of the factor:(2)Rij=rij∑1nriji,j=1,2,⋯,n.We calculate and determine the weight of each evaluation factor as the main part of the water network urban wetland park landscape evaluation. In this paper, the AHP method is used to calculate the weight of each factor and index, and then the standard reference calculation index can be used to calculate the final comprehensive index of wetland park landscape. Thus, the evaluation results can be displayed more intuitively.This paper uses the comprehensive index method to evaluate the landscape designed and planned in the urban wetland park. The following is the specific process: the first step is to find the metaindicator value. In indicator representation, the following are the calculation formulas of the two indicators:Positive indicator is as follows:(3)D=FR.Inverse indicator is as follows:(4)D=1‐FR.In the formula,D represents the calculated value of the indicator, F represents the actual value of the indicator, and R represents the reference value of the indicator. We calculate the evaluation index value and comprehensive index based on
(5)BCD=∑WiDi.In the formula, the urban wetland park landscape index is represented byBCD, the index factor weight is represented by Wi, and the evaluation index of each index factor is represented by Di.


## 3.2. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Multiple linear regression refers to a statistical method used to describe the relationship between variables under the premise that there is a curve relationship or a straight line relationship between multiple variables and individual variables. To compare the degree of resilience of different independent variables, it is also necessary to test the degree of dedication of the independent variables to the dependent variable and to predict, control, and explain the changes of other variables according to the degree of change of multiple variables. Correlation analysis also analyzes the relationship between two different variables. However, it is necessary to use regression equations to explain the relationship between variables, and the obtained results are more accurate, which can be specifically described as(6)y∗=b0+b1x1+b2x2+⋯+bnxn.In the above formula,y∗ is the estimated value calculated according to all independent variables x; b0 represents the constant term; and b1, b2, and b3are the partial regression coefficients of y corresponding to x1,x2⋯xn, respectively.The premise of partial regression coefficient is that all other variables remain unchanged while changing the ratio of dependent variable changes caused by any independent variable and establishing a multiple linear regression model. The assumptions are that there is no autocorrelation, normality assumption, random variable uncorrelation, independence assumption, and random error uncorrelation. Here, the relationship between variables and independent variables is analyzed by constructing multiple linear regression equations, instead of predicting the tolerance interval and credible interval of the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable. Therefore, the requirements for testing the homogeneity of variance and normality can be adjusted appropriately.


## 4. Result

### 4.1. Analysis of the Results of AHP Calculation and Evaluation Indicators

In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used, combined with the scoring results and survey information given by the research experts and scholars, to obtain the quantitative judgment matrix after the comparison of each evaluation index factor of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xiangshi City.We substitute the data into the weight calculation formula:(7)Wi=∑1nRiji,j=1,2,⋯,n.And we normalize theW vector to finally get the judgment matrix weight:
(8)Wi′=Wi∑1nWji,j=1,2,⋯,n.According to the above matrix analysis, the weight of each level of landscape factors in the landscape model of Muye Lake Wetland Park was obtained, and the weight of the association between the upper and lower levels was obtained (Table3).Table 3
Landscape factor association weight data statistics.
Target layerIndicator layerTotal weightFactor layerWeightUrban wetland park landscape evaluation systemWetland ecosystem0.546Wetland species diversity C10.256Ecosystem type diversity C20.121Wetland connectivity C30.065Wetland type richness C40.059Proportion of protected species C50.045Wetland landscape quality0.242Water quality C60.088Wetland area C70.062Wetland landscape diversity C80.046Wetland landscape uniformity C90.025Wetland landscape fragmentation C100.021Wetland aesthetics0.212Wetland landscape color richness C110.069Wetland uniqueness C120.091Visual diversity C130.052


### 4.2. Comprehensive Index Model Evaluation

This paper evaluates and judges the water network urban wetland park landscape level based on the comprehensive index method. According to the comprehensive index model, the comprehensive index of each landscape in the urban wetland park of the water network is obtained and then judged according to the total score of the evaluation. We set four grades of judgment and evaluation objects, and the judgment grades are “poor, average, good, excellent.” When calculating the comprehensive evaluation results of the water network urban wetland park landscape, the weight value calculated by the AHP algorithm is used to calculate the real score of all evaluation factors under the premise of 100 points. The evaluation grade is “excellent,” and the score is 80-100 points, indicating that the internal ecological environment of the wild park landscape is good, the landscape structure designed and planned is beautiful, the service facilities and infrastructure construction are perfect, and it has high aesthetic value and cultural value. It is an ideal ecological environment. The evaluation grade is “good”, and its score is between 60 and 79 points, indicating that the internal environment of the wetland park is generally good, with a relatively complete landscape, good aesthetic environment, humanistic environment, and ecological environment. The evaluation level is “average” with a score of 40 to 59, indicating that the overall wetland park landscape environment is not very ideal and only has basic wetland functions, and the landscape environment and ecological environment will be further improved in the future. At this time, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged, resulting in an imbalanced ecosystem and poor self-healing ability.The evaluation grade of “poor” is lower than 39 points, indicating that the landscape environment of the field park is low, there is no complete landscape ecosystem structure, the quality of the internal ecological environment cannot meet the basic requirements, the human environment and ecological environment are lacking, and wetland restoration is urgently needed.On the basis of the data in Table4 below, the comprehensive index of Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is calculated based on the comprehensive index evaluation model. If the score is high, it indicates that the wetland park with better ecological environment and complete landscape structure can better play various functions and has high aesthetic value and strong ecological sustainability.Table 4
Landscape evaluation scores of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Target layerOverall scoreIndicator layerScoreWetland park landscape evaluation81.62Wetland ecosystem84.51Wetland landscape quality79.17Wetland aesthetics76.97After the above calculation, the index score of wetland ecosystem is 84.51 (Table5). This result indicates that Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City has abundant water resources, various biological species, sustainable ecological environment, and strong connectivity, and most of them are humid areas, which are conducive to the survival of aquatic plants.Table 5
Quantitative data statistics of landscape evaluation of Muye Lake Park wetland ecosystem in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland ecosystem (84.51)Wetland species diversity C167.10%≥80%84.10.256Ecosystem type diversity C270%≥80%87.70.121Wetland connectivity C349.60%≥60%82.20.065Wetland type richness C475.00%≥80%94.00.059Proportion of protected species C569%≥100%69.20.045After calculation, the index level of wetland landscape quality is 79.17 (Table6), indicating that the grade of Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is good. However, the water quality is poor, not suitable for aquatic organisms to survive.Table 6
Quantitative data statistics of wetland landscape quality evaluation of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland landscape quality (79.17)Water quality C665.60%≥80%79.90.088Wetland area C70.94100%940.062Wetland landscape diversity C80.981.65590.046Wetland landscape uniformity C90.6571.165.70.025Wetland landscape fragmentation C100.000120.0001292.50.021The impact of wetland landscape quality indicators on the comprehensive evaluation of the landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is second, accounting for 22.8%. After on-the-spot investigation on the landscape fragmentation of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, the results show that the park patches are composed of grasslands, paddy fields, rivers, irrigated forests, lakes, and ponds. Here, the water patches composed of lakes, ponds, and rivers are selected. Research is carried out to explore the actual fragmentation degree of the internal landscape of the wetland park. According to the area analysis of the first-level landscape types planned and constructed in the wetland park, the proportions of natural landscape and artificial wetland landscape are 70.2% and 23.9%, respectively, and the natural landscape mainly includes water landscape, grassland landscape, and woodland landscape. Constructed wetlands consist of paddy fields and fish ponds, with buildings and other land only accounting for about 5.9%.In addition, it can be observed from Figures2–4 that most of the Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is a natural landscape, and the natural ecological process can dynamically control the scenic landscape. Among them is the artificial wetland landscape, which is formed by artificial planning and construction, and is managed and maintained by specialized personnel. Based on the comprehensive research on different types of landscape dominance, separation, species diversity, fragmentation, and other indicators of wetland parks, it is finally concluded that Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City has good natural landscape diversity, but the artificial environment diversity index is low. The landscape diversity index is low, which indicates that the wetland park has a unified and complete internal landscape, and the natural landscape is mainly water landscape, which occupies a large area. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the landscape diversity index within the wetland park is 1.34, which fully indicates that there are very significant diversity differences between different types of landscapes, and different types of wetland landscapes account for different proportions, lacking diversity.Figure 2
The water body + architectural landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.Figure 3
The water landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.Figure 4
The combined landscape of architecture and environmental sketches in Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.According to the data in Table7, the score of the wetland aesthetic index layer is 76.97, which is in the “good” level, indicating that the internal environment of the wetland and the planting and matching are general, and the components include the artificial environment and the natural environment. The central recreation area is the core part of the natural environment, and the artificial environment is planned in the southwest and north. The functions of this part are production and scientific research. Various types of plants are planted in the wetland park, which has a certain ornamental value.Table 7
Statistics of quantitative data of wetland aesthetic evaluation of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland aesthetics (76.97)Wetland landscape color richness C1182100820.069Wetland uniqueness C1276100760.091Visual diversity C1372100720.052


## 4.1. Analysis of the Results of AHP Calculation and Evaluation Indicators

In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used, combined with the scoring results and survey information given by the research experts and scholars, to obtain the quantitative judgment matrix after the comparison of each evaluation index factor of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xiangshi City.We substitute the data into the weight calculation formula:(7)Wi=∑1nRiji,j=1,2,⋯,n.And we normalize theW vector to finally get the judgment matrix weight:
(8)Wi′=Wi∑1nWji,j=1,2,⋯,n.According to the above matrix analysis, the weight of each level of landscape factors in the landscape model of Muye Lake Wetland Park was obtained, and the weight of the association between the upper and lower levels was obtained (Table3).Table 3
Landscape factor association weight data statistics.
Target layerIndicator layerTotal weightFactor layerWeightUrban wetland park landscape evaluation systemWetland ecosystem0.546Wetland species diversity C10.256Ecosystem type diversity C20.121Wetland connectivity C30.065Wetland type richness C40.059Proportion of protected species C50.045Wetland landscape quality0.242Water quality C60.088Wetland area C70.062Wetland landscape diversity C80.046Wetland landscape uniformity C90.025Wetland landscape fragmentation C100.021Wetland aesthetics0.212Wetland landscape color richness C110.069Wetland uniqueness C120.091Visual diversity C130.052


## 4.2. Comprehensive Index Model Evaluation

This paper evaluates and judges the water network urban wetland park landscape level based on the comprehensive index method. According to the comprehensive index model, the comprehensive index of each landscape in the urban wetland park of the water network is obtained and then judged according to the total score of the evaluation. We set four grades of judgment and evaluation objects, and the judgment grades are “poor, average, good, excellent.” When calculating the comprehensive evaluation results of the water network urban wetland park landscape, the weight value calculated by the AHP algorithm is used to calculate the real score of all evaluation factors under the premise of 100 points. The evaluation grade is “excellent,” and the score is 80-100 points, indicating that the internal ecological environment of the wild park landscape is good, the landscape structure designed and planned is beautiful, the service facilities and infrastructure construction are perfect, and it has high aesthetic value and cultural value. It is an ideal ecological environment. The evaluation grade is “good”, and its score is between 60 and 79 points, indicating that the internal environment of the wetland park is generally good, with a relatively complete landscape, good aesthetic environment, humanistic environment, and ecological environment. The evaluation level is “average” with a score of 40 to 59, indicating that the overall wetland park landscape environment is not very ideal and only has basic wetland functions, and the landscape environment and ecological environment will be further improved in the future. At this time, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged, resulting in an imbalanced ecosystem and poor self-healing ability.The evaluation grade of “poor” is lower than 39 points, indicating that the landscape environment of the field park is low, there is no complete landscape ecosystem structure, the quality of the internal ecological environment cannot meet the basic requirements, the human environment and ecological environment are lacking, and wetland restoration is urgently needed.On the basis of the data in Table4 below, the comprehensive index of Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is calculated based on the comprehensive index evaluation model. If the score is high, it indicates that the wetland park with better ecological environment and complete landscape structure can better play various functions and has high aesthetic value and strong ecological sustainability.Table 4
Landscape evaluation scores of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Target layerOverall scoreIndicator layerScoreWetland park landscape evaluation81.62Wetland ecosystem84.51Wetland landscape quality79.17Wetland aesthetics76.97After the above calculation, the index score of wetland ecosystem is 84.51 (Table5). This result indicates that Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City has abundant water resources, various biological species, sustainable ecological environment, and strong connectivity, and most of them are humid areas, which are conducive to the survival of aquatic plants.Table 5
Quantitative data statistics of landscape evaluation of Muye Lake Park wetland ecosystem in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland ecosystem (84.51)Wetland species diversity C167.10%≥80%84.10.256Ecosystem type diversity C270%≥80%87.70.121Wetland connectivity C349.60%≥60%82.20.065Wetland type richness C475.00%≥80%94.00.059Proportion of protected species C569%≥100%69.20.045After calculation, the index level of wetland landscape quality is 79.17 (Table6), indicating that the grade of Muye Lake National Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is good. However, the water quality is poor, not suitable for aquatic organisms to survive.Table 6
Quantitative data statistics of wetland landscape quality evaluation of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland landscape quality (79.17)Water quality C665.60%≥80%79.90.088Wetland area C70.94100%940.062Wetland landscape diversity C80.981.65590.046Wetland landscape uniformity C90.6571.165.70.025Wetland landscape fragmentation C100.000120.0001292.50.021The impact of wetland landscape quality indicators on the comprehensive evaluation of the landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is second, accounting for 22.8%. After on-the-spot investigation on the landscape fragmentation of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, the results show that the park patches are composed of grasslands, paddy fields, rivers, irrigated forests, lakes, and ponds. Here, the water patches composed of lakes, ponds, and rivers are selected. Research is carried out to explore the actual fragmentation degree of the internal landscape of the wetland park. According to the area analysis of the first-level landscape types planned and constructed in the wetland park, the proportions of natural landscape and artificial wetland landscape are 70.2% and 23.9%, respectively, and the natural landscape mainly includes water landscape, grassland landscape, and woodland landscape. Constructed wetlands consist of paddy fields and fish ponds, with buildings and other land only accounting for about 5.9%.In addition, it can be observed from Figures2–4 that most of the Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is a natural landscape, and the natural ecological process can dynamically control the scenic landscape. Among them is the artificial wetland landscape, which is formed by artificial planning and construction, and is managed and maintained by specialized personnel. Based on the comprehensive research on different types of landscape dominance, separation, species diversity, fragmentation, and other indicators of wetland parks, it is finally concluded that Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City has good natural landscape diversity, but the artificial environment diversity index is low. The landscape diversity index is low, which indicates that the wetland park has a unified and complete internal landscape, and the natural landscape is mainly water landscape, which occupies a large area. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the landscape diversity index within the wetland park is 1.34, which fully indicates that there are very significant diversity differences between different types of landscapes, and different types of wetland landscapes account for different proportions, lacking diversity.Figure 2
The water body + architectural landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.Figure 3
The water landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.Figure 4
The combined landscape of architecture and environmental sketches in Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City.According to the data in Table7, the score of the wetland aesthetic index layer is 76.97, which is in the “good” level, indicating that the internal environment of the wetland and the planting and matching are general, and the components include the artificial environment and the natural environment. The central recreation area is the core part of the natural environment, and the artificial environment is planned in the southwest and north. The functions of this part are production and scientific research. Various types of plants are planted in the wetland park, which has a certain ornamental value.Table 7
Statistics of quantitative data of wetland aesthetic evaluation of Muye Lake Park in Xinxiang City.
Indicator layerFactor layerTrue valueReference valueScoreWeightWetland aesthetics (76.97)Wetland landscape color richness C1182100820.069Wetland uniqueness C1276100760.091Visual diversity C1372100720.052


## 5. Conclusion

(1)
Through comprehensive analysis, the most important indicator affecting the comprehensive evaluation of the landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is the wetland ecosystem, accounting for more than 50%. There are two influencing factors in this system, namely, ecosystem diversity and wetland species diversity. The Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City has its own advantages such as the particularity of the ecological environment and the diversity of wetland landscapes, which fully reflects the diversity of wetland species. After on-the-spot investigation on Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City, it has a large water area, complex water network structure, and abundant water resources, which is a necessary water environment for wetland parks. Compared with other urban parks, the proportion of road construction is smaller(2)
In the wetland landscape evaluation system, after data comparison, the comprehensive impact of wetland landscape quality indicators on the landscape of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is second only to the wetland ecosystem indicators. In the comparison of comprehensive data scores, the wetland ecosystem index score is 84.51, the wetland landscape quality index score is 79.17, and the wetland aesthetic index layer score is 76.97, all of which are above the “good” level. The comprehensive evaluation score of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is 81.62(3)
Based on the analysis of the research results, it is concluded that the type of Muye Lake Wetland Park in Xinxiang City is lake type. The wetland park is planned around the internal lake. Many plants such as reeds and calamus are planted in the rivers, dotted around and in the center of the lotus pond and lake. The ground cover plants, jungle plants, and tall trees are planted in a well-proportioned manner, and the plant communities are well distributed. The artificially constructed ponds are divided to form a network, and farmland, persimmon trees, Mingshui, and mulberry bushes are randomly distributed in the wetland park. Compared with artificial wetlands, it has a higher degree of building fragmentation and natural landscape, indicating that human activities have affected the natural growth of paddy fields and ponds. Overall, wetland landscapes have significant natural landscape advantages and have a variety of wetland landscapes



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*Source: 7989585-2022-07-15.xml*