# Idealization of Some Topological Concepts

Authors: B. Al-Nashef; K. Al-Zoubi
Journal: International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
 (2011)

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## Abstract

An approach is followed here to generate a new topology on a setX from an ideal ℐ and a family 𝒮 of subsets of X. The so-obtained topology is related to other known topologies on X. The cases treated here include the one when 𝒮=Tα is taken, then the case when 𝒮=RO(X,T) is considered. The approach is open to apply to other choices of 𝒮. As application, some known results are obtained as corollaries to those results appearing here. In the last part of this work, some ideal-continuity concepts are studied, which originate from some previously known terms and results.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The interest in the idealized version of many general topological properties has grown drastically in the past 20 years. In this work, no particular paper will be referred to except where it is needed and encountered. However, many symbols, definitions, and concepts used here are as in [1].


## 2. Open Sets via a Family𝒮 and an Ideal ℐ

Recall that an ideal on a setX is a family ℐ of subsets of X, that is, ℐ⊆𝒫(X) (the power set of X), such that ℐ is closed under finite union, and if I∈ℐ and J⊆I, then J∈ℐ (heredity property). An ideal topological space is a triple (X,T,ℐ), where X is a set, T is a topology on X, and ℐ is an ideal on X. Let (X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. The family ℬ={U-I:U∈T and I∈ℐ}forms a base for a topology T*(ℐ) on X finer than T [1].As a start, this concept will be put in a more general setting as follows.Definition 2.1.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, and let 𝒮 be a family of subsets of X.(a)
A setA⊆X is called an ℐ𝒮-open set if for each x∈A, there exist U∈𝒮 and I∈ℐ such that x∈U and U-I⊆A, or equivalently U-A∈ℐ. The family of all ℐ𝒮-open subsets  is written ℐ𝒮O(X,T).(b)
The topology onX generated by the subbase ℐ𝒮O(X,T) is denoted by Tℐ𝒮O.Remark 2.2.
(1) The familyℐ𝒮O(X,T) needs not form, in general, a topology on X.
(2) In the case where𝒮⊆T, it is clear that Tℐ𝒮O⊆T*(ℐ), and Tℐ𝒮O=T*(ℐ) for the case 𝒮=T.Proposition 2.3.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space and let 𝒮⊆𝒫(X). Let 𝒮(ℐ)={S-I:S∈𝒮 and I∈ℐ}. Let T(𝒮(ℐ)) be the topology generated by the subbase 𝒮(ℐ), then T(𝒮(ℐ))=Tℐ𝒮O.Proof.
Note that𝒮(ℐ)⊆Tℐ𝒮O, and therefore T(𝒮(ℐ))⊆Tℐ𝒮O. Now let A∈Tℐ𝒮O, then for each x∈A, there exists Sx∈𝒮 with x∈Sx and Ix∈ℐ such that Sx-Ix⊆A. This means that A=∪{Sx-Ix:x∈A} where Sx-Ix∈𝒮(ℐ) for each x∈A. Thus, A∈T(𝒮(ℐ)) since 𝒮(ℐ)⊆T(𝒮(ℐ)).Proposition 2.4.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. If T(𝒮) denotes the topology on X generated by the subbase 𝒮, then Tℐ𝒮O=T(𝒮(ℐ))=(T(𝒮))*(ℐ).Proof.
To show thatT(𝒮(ℐ))=(T(𝒮))*(ℐ), first note that 𝒮⊆T(𝒮) and therefore 𝒮(ℐ)={S-I:S∈𝒮 and I∈ℐ}⊆(T(𝒮))*(ℐ). This implies that T(𝒮(ℐ))⊆(T(𝒮))*(ℐ). Next, consider the base ℬ={U-I:U∈T(𝒮) and I∈ℐ} for (T(𝒮))*(ℐ). Let B∈ℬ, say B=U-I  for some U∈T(𝒮) and some I∈ℐ. If x∈B, then x∈U, and so there exist  S1,…,Sn∈𝒮 such that x∈(⋂k=1nSk)-I⊆U-I, where (⋂k=1nSk)-I=⋂k=1n(Sk-I)∈T(𝒮(ℐ)), that is, B=U-I∈T(𝒮(ℐ)), and hence ℬ⊆T(𝒮(ℐ)). This shows that (T(𝒮))*(ℐ)⊆T(𝒮(ℐ)).
If(X,T) is a topological space, we let int(A) (resp., cl(A)) denote the interior of A (resp., the closure of A) in (X,T). A subset A of (X,T) is called semiopen if A⊆cl(int(A), and A is called an α-set if A⊆int(cl(int(A)). The family of all α-sets forms a topology Tα on X finer than T.Example 2.5.
Let(X,T,ℐn) be an ideal topological space, where ℐn is the ideal of all nowhere dense subsets of (X,T). Let 𝒮=SO(X,T), the family of all semiopen subsets of (X,T,ℐn). In this case, it is noted that T(𝒮) is the topology studied in [2] and is called the topology of semiopen sets and denoted by T𝒮O. So T(𝒮(ℐn))=(T(𝒮))*(ℐn)=(T(𝒮))α, the topology of all α-sets in the space (X,T(𝒮)).
Next, the case where(X,T,ℐ) is given and the family 𝒮=Tα is considered. Recall that Tα is a topology on X finer than T. It is known that Tα=T*(ℐn). It is then clear that the family {U-I:U∈T and I∈ℐn} is a base for Tα. In fact, Tα={U-I:U∈T and I∈ℐn}, see [3].Definition 2.6.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, A⊆X, and 𝒮=Tα. A is called an ℐ-α-open subset (ℐαO-set, for short) if for each x∈A, there exist Ux∈Tα and Ix∈ℐ such that x∈Ux-Ix⊆A, or equivalently Ux-A∈ℐ. The family of all ℐαO-sets of (X,T,ℐ) is denoted by ℐαO(X,T).
The following is a consequence of [1, Theorem 3.1].Proposition 2.7.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, then the family ℬ={U-I:U∈Tα and I∈ℐ} is a base for the topology (Tα)*(ℐ) on X.Proposition 2.8.
If(X,T,ℐ) is an ideal topological space, then ℐαO(X,T)=(Tα)*(ℐ). So T⊆Tα⊆(Tα)*(ℐ)=ℐαO(X,T).Proof.
It is enough to note that the familyℬ={U-I:U∈Tα and I∈ℐ} is a base for (Tα)*(ℐ) as well as for ℐαO(X,T).
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. When dealing with the topology ℐαO(X,T)=(Tα)*(ℐ), it is found to have a base consisting of elements of the form B=V-I with V∈Tα and I∈ℐ. But as it is well known, the set V takes the form U-I1 for some U∈T and I1∈ℐn. So B=V-I=(U-I1)-I=U-(I1∪I) where U∈T. It is now clear that in a more general setting, one needs to deal with a situation where two ideals ℐ1 and ℐ2 are considered on (X,T). At this point, let ℐ1∨ℐ2={I1∪I2:I1∈ℐ1 and I2∈ℐ2}, where it is easy to see that ℐ1∨ℐ2 is itself an ideal on (X,T).Proposition 2.9.
Letℐ1 and ℐ2 be two ideals on a space (X,T), then T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2)=T*(ℐ1)∨T*(ℐ2) (see [1, Corollary  3.5]) (and recall that T∨T/ is the supremum of the two topologies T and T/ which is the topology generated by the subbase T∪T/).Proof.
Sinceℐ1⊆ℐ1∨ℐ2 and ℐ2⊆ℐ1∨ℐ2, then (by Theorem 2.3(b) of [1]) it follows that T*(ℐ1)⊆T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2) and T*(ℐ2)⊆T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2). Therefore, T*(ℐ1)∨T*(ℐ2)⊆T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2). Next, if ℬ is a base for T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2) and B∈ℬ, then B=U-(I1∪I2) for some U∈T, I1∈ℐ1, and I2∈ℐ2. So B=U-(I1∪I2)=U∩(X-I1∪I2)=(U∩(X-I1)∩(U∩(X-I2))=B1∩B2. Where B1 is a basic open set in T*(ℐ1) and B2 is a basic open set in T*(ℐ2). Thus B1∩B1∈T*(ℐ1)∨T*(ℐ2) and so ℬ⊆T*(ℐ1)∨T*(ℐ2) which means that T*(ℐ1∨ℐ2)⊆T*(ℐ1)∨T*(ℐ2).Corollary 2.10.
(see [1, Corollary 3.4]) Let (X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, then (T*(ℐ))*(ℐ)=T*(ℐ). In particular, (Tα)α=Tα.


## 3.ℐRO Sets

Let(X,T) be a topological space. A subset A⊆X is called regular open if A=int(cl(A)). The family of all regular open subsets of (X,T) is denoted by RO(X,T). It is a known  fact that RO(X,T) is a base for a topology Ts on X, finer than T, and is called the semiregularization of (X,T).In pursuing the approach used in the first section, it is now the time to consider the case where𝒮=RO(X,T).Definition 3.1.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, and let A⊆X. The set A is called an ideal regular-open set, or ℐRO set for short, if for each x∈A, there exist a regular open set Rx∈RO(X,T) and Ix∈ℐ such that x∈Rx-Ix⊆A, or equivalently Rx-A∈ℐ. The family of all ℐRO sets of (X,T,ℐ) is denoted by ℐRO(X,T).Proposition 3.2.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, then the family ℐRO(X,T) is a base for a topology M on X.Proof.
It is clear thatX∈ℐRO(X,T). So it is enough to show that if B1, B2∈ℐRO(X,T) then B1∩B2∈ℐRO(X,T). To this end, let x∈B1∩B1, then there exist R1, R2∈RO(X,T) such that x∈R1∩R2, I1=R1-B1∈ℐ, and I2=R2-B2∈ℐ. Now, R1∩R2∈RO(X,T) and R1∩R2-(B1∩B2)=(R1∩R2)∩(X-B1∩B2)=(R1∩R2)∩((X-B1)∪(X-B2))=((R1∩R2)∩(X-B1))∪((R1∩R2)∩(X-B2))⊆I1∩I2∈ℐ. So B1∩B2∈ℐRO(X,T) as claimed.Proposition 3.3.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. If Ts denotes the topology on X generated by the base RO(X,T), then M=(Ts)*(ℐ) (where M is the topology constructed in Proposition 3.2).Proof.
We need to appeal to Proposition2.4, with 𝒮=RO(X,T) and so T(𝒮)=Ts, while Tℐ𝒮O=TℐℛO=M=(Ts)*(ℐ).
In general, for an ideal topological space(X,T,ℐ), the two topologies T and (Ts)* need not be comparable.Example 3.4.
(a) Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space where X=ℝ (the set of real numbers), T is the left ray topology on ℝ, and ℐ is the ideal ℐf of all finite subsets of X. It is easy to see that Ts={∅,ℝ}. Then (Ts)*(ℐ) is the cofinite topology on X [1, Example 2.5], and clearly T and (Ts)* are incomparable.
(b) Consider the space(X,T,ℐ) where X=ℝ, T is the cofinite topology on ℝ, and ℐ is the ideal ℐc of all countable subsets of X. Again Ts={∅,ℝ} while (Ts)*(ℐ) is the cocountable topology on X. Here, T⊆(Ts)*(ℐ).Definition 3.5 (see [4]).
A subsetA of a space (X,T) is called ω-regular open if for each x∈A, there exists a regular open set Rx∈RO(X,T) such that x∈Rx and Rx-A is countable. The family of all ω-regular open subsets of (X,T) is denoted by ωRO(X,T).
The next result is an immediate consequence of definitions.Proposition 3.6.
Let(X,T) be a topological space, then a subset A⊆X is an ω-regular open subset of (X,T) if and only if A is ideal regular open with ℐ=ℐc. Thus, ωRO(X,T)=(Ts)*(ℐc).Corollary 3.7 (see [4, Theorem 2.1]).
Let(X,T) be a topological space, then (X,ωRO(X,T)) is a topological space.
A topological space(X,T) is called nearly Lindelöf (see [5]) if every cover of (X,T) by regular open subsets has a countable subcover.
It is clear that if(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, then (X,Ts) is Lindelöf. In fact, the family RO(X,T) forms a base for (X,Ts), and in this case, every basic open cover of (X,Ts) will have a countable subcover. On the other hand, by the well-known fact [6, Lemma 1.1] that the two spaces (X,T) and (X,Ts) have the same regular open sets, it follows that (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,Ts) is nearly Lindelöf.Corollary 3.8 (see [5, Proposition 1.3]).
A space(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,Ts) is Lindelöf.
Recall that a subsetA of  a space (X,T) is called ω-open (see [7])  if for each x∈A, there exists Ux∈T such that x∈Ux and Ux-A is countable, that is, Ux-Ix⊆A for some Ix∈ℐc. The family of all ω-open subsets of a space (X,T) is denoted by Tω.
The definitions imply directly the following result.Proposition 3.9.
If(X,T) is a topological space, then Tω=T*(ℐc).Corollary 3.10 (see [7, Proposition 2.5]).
Let(X,T) be a topological space. The family Tω is a topology on X with T⊆Tω.Proposition 3.11 (see [7, Proposition 4.5]).
A space(X,T) is Lindelöf if and only if the space (X,Tω)=(X,T*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf.The following result can now be stated.Proposition 3.12.
The following statements are equivalent for a space(X,T):(a)
(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf,(b)
(X,Ts) is Lindelöf,(c)
(X,(Ts)*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf.Proof.
(a)⇔(b) Follow by Corollary 3.8.
(b)⇔(c) By applying Proposition 3.11 to the space (X,Ts), it follows that (X,Ts) is Lindelöf if and only if (X,(Ts)ω)=(X,(Ts)*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf.Corollary 3.13 (see [4, Theorem 3.1]).
The following statements are equivalent for any space(X,T):(a)
(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf,(b)
Everyω-regular open cover of (X,T) admits a countable subcover.Proof.
Now,(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,(Ts)*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf (Proposition 3.12). On the other hand, (X,(Ts)*(ℐc))=ωRO(X,T) (Proposition 3.6), and therefore (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,ωRO(X,T)) is Lindelöf if and only if every ω-regular open cover of (X,T) has a countable subcover.Corollary 3.14 (see [4, Proposition 3.1]).
A space(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if for every family of ω-regular closed subsets {Fα:α∈Δ} that satisfies the countable intersection property has a nonempty intersection.Proof.
Again(X,T) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,ωRO(X,T)) is Lindelöf (note that ωRO(X,T)=(Ts)*(ℐc)). Now, the result follows by a well-known fact concerning Lindelöf spaces and the fact that a subset F is ω-regular closed if it is the complement of an ω-regular open set.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. The ideal ℐ is called completely codense [8] if ℐ∩PO(X,T)={∅}, where PO(X,T) is the family of all preopen subsets of (X,T) and A⊆X is called preopen if A⊆int(cl(A)).Proposition 3.15.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, and assume that ℐ is completely codense, then (X,T,ℐ) is nearly Lindelöf if and only if (X,T*(ℐ)) is nearly Lindelöf.Proof.
By a remark on [9, page 3], it follows that RO(X,T)=RO(X,T*(ℐ)). This implies that Ts=(T*(ℐ))s. Then (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, if and only if (X,Ts) is Lindelöf if and only if (X,(T*(ℐ))s) is Lindelöf if and only if (X,T*(ℐ)) is nearly Lindelöf.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. The topology T is compatible with the ideal ℐ, written T~ℐ, [1], if whenever a subset A⊆X satisfies for each x∈A, there exists Ux∈T with x∈Ux and Ux∩A∈ℐ, then A∈ℐ.Proposition 3.16.
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space, then T~ℐ if and only if T*(ℐ)~ℐ.Proof.
LetT*(ℐ)~ℐ. Let A⊆X be satisfying for each x∈A, there exists Ux∈T with x∈Ux and Ux∩A∈ℐ. Our assumption and the fact that T⊆T*(ℐ) imply A∈ℐ, and so T~ℐ. Conversely, assume that T~ℐ, then T*(ℐ)=ℬ={U-I:U∈T and I∈ℐ} [1, Theorem 4.4]. Let A⊆X satisfy for each x∈A there exists Bx=Ux-Ix∈ℬ with x∈Bx and Bx∩A=(Ux-Ix)∩A=I1∈ℐ. Then x∈Ux∈T with Ux∩A⊆Ix∪I1 and so Ux∩A∈ℐ. But T~ℐ, so A∈ℐ which means that T*(ℐ)~ℐ.Proposition 3.17.
A space(X,T,ℐc) is hereditarily Lindelöf if and only if (X,T*(ℐc)) is hereditarily Lindelöf.Proof.
It is known that(X,T) is hereditarily Lindelöf if and only if T~ℐc [1, Theorem 4.10] if and only if T*(ℐc)~ℐc if and only if (X,T*(ℐc)) is hereditarily Lindelöf.


## 4. Continuity via Ideals

As a start, two known concepts of ideal continuity are stated.Definition 4.1 (see [10]).
Let(X,T,ℐ) be an ideal topological space. Let f:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) be a given function.(a)
The functionf is called ℐ-continuous if for every V∈M, there exist U∈T and I∈ℐ such that f-1(V)=U-I.(b)
The functionf is called pointwise ℐ-continuous if for each x∈X and for each V∈M with f(x)∈V, there exists U∈T such that x∈U and U-f-1(V)∈ℐ.
It is noted in [10] that every ℐ-continuous function is pointwise ℐ-continuous. An example [10, page 327] is provided to show that the converse is not true in general.Definition 4.2.
Letf:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) be given. The function f is called ℐ*-continuous if f:(X,T*(ℐ))→(Y,M) is continuous.Proposition 4.3.
A functionf:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) is ℐ*-continuous if and only if f is pointwise ℐ-continuous.Proof.
Letf:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) be ℐ*-continuous, that is, f:(X,T*(ℐ))→(Y,M) is continuous. Let x∈X, V∈M, and f(x)∈V, then x∈f-1(V)∈T*(ℐ). So there exists a basic open set U-I, for some U∈T and I∈ℐ, such that x∈U-I⊆f-1(V). Equivalently, x∈U and U-f-1(V)∈ℐ. Thus, f is pointwise ℐ-continuous. Conversely, let f be pointwise ℐ-continuous. If V∈M, then for each x∈f-1(V), there exists Ux∈T such that Ux-f-1(V)∈ℐ, or equivalently, x∈Ux-Ix⊆f-1(V) for some Ix∈ℐ. It follows that f-1(V)=∪{Ux-Ix:x∈f-1(V)} and so f-1(V)∈T*(ℐ). Thus, f is ℐ*-continuous.The statement of the lemma on [10, page 326] can be formulated as in the next result.Proposition 4.4.
Letf:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) be a given function. Assume that ℐ is codense (this means that T∩ℐ={∅}) and that (Y,M) is regular. If f is ℐ*-continuous, then f is continuous and hence ℐ-continuous.Proposition 4.5.
Letf:(X,T,ℐ)→(Y,M) be a given function. Assume that T~ℐ, then f is ℐ-continuous if and only if f is ℐ*-continuous.Proof.
Letf be ℐ-continuous, then as stated at the beginning of this section, f is ℐ*-continuous. Conversely, let f be ℐ*-continuous, then by [1, Theorem 4.4], T*(ℐ)={U-I:U∈T and I∈ℐ}. So if V∈M, then f-1(V)∈T*(ℐ) and so f-1(V)=U-I for some U∈T and I∈ℐ. Thus, f is ℐ-continuous.Definition 4.6 (see [4]).
A functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is δω-continuous if for each x∈X and each regular open set V∈RO(Y,M) with f(x)∈V, there exists an ω-regular open set U of (X,T) such that x∈U and f(U)⊆V.
Recall thatA is an ω-regular open subset of (X,T) if A∈ωRO(X,T)=(Ts)*(ℐc). So the next result is now clear.Proposition 4.7.
A functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is δω-continuous if and only if f:(X,Ts,ℐc)→(Y,Ms) is ℐ*-continuous (i.e.,f:(X,(Ts)*(ℐc))→(Y,Ms) is continuous).Proof.
Letf:(X,T)→(Y,M) be δω-continuous. If V∈RO(Y,M), then by definition, f-1(V) is a union of ω-regular open subsets of (X,T), that is, f-1(V) is a union of elements of (Ts)*(ℐc), and therefore f-1(V)∈(Ts)*(ℐc). But RO(Y,M) is a base for Ms, and therefore f:(X,(Ts)*(ℐc))→(Y,Ms) is continuous. For the converse, let f:(X,Ts,ℐc)→(Y,Ms) be ℐ*-continuous. Let x∈X, V∈RO(Y,M), and f(x)∈V, then x∈f-1(V)∈(Ts)*(ℐc) and therefore U=f-1(V) is an ω-regular open set containing x and f(U)⊆V. Thus, f is δω-continuous.Corollary 4.8 (see [4, Theorem 4.1]).
Letf:(X,T)→(Y,M) be a δω-continuous surjection. Assume that (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, then (Y,M) is nearly Lindelöf.Proof.
Assume thatf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is a δω-continuous surjection. This means, by Proposition 4.7, that f:(X,Ts,ℐc)→(Y,Ms) is an ℐ*-continuous surjection which means that f:(X,(Ts)*(ℐc))→(Y,Ms) is a continuous surjection. Assume now that (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, then, by Proposition 3.12, (X,(Ts)*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf. So (Y,Ms) is Lindelöf, being the continuous image of a Lindelöf space. Finally, (Y,M) is nearly Lindelöf by Corollary 3.8.Definition 4.9 (see [4]).
A functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is called ωR-continuous if f-1(V) is ω-regular open in (X,T) for each open set V in (Y,M).
The following result is an immediate consequence of the definitions involved.Proposition 4.10.
A functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is ωR-continuous if and only if the function f:(X,Ts,ℐc)→(Y,M)is ℐ*-continuous (i.e.,f:(X,(Ts)*(ℐc))→(Y,M) is continuous).Corollary 4.11 (see [4, Theorem 4.2]).
Letf:(X,T)→(Y,M) be an ωR-continuous surjection. If (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, then (Y,M) is Lindelöf.Proof.
Letf:(X,T)→(Y,M) be an ωR-continuous surjection, then f:(X,(Ts)*(ℐc))→(Y,M) is continuous. If (X,T) is assumed to be nearly Lindelöf, then (X,(Ts)*(ℐc)) is Lindelöf, by Proposition 3.12. Therefore (Y,M), being the continuous image of a Lindelöf space, is Lindelöf.Definition 4.12 (see [4]).
A functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is called completely continuous if f-1(V) is a regular open set in (X,T) for each open set V in (Y,M).Proposition 4.13.
If a functionf:(X,T)→(Y,M) is completely continuous, then the function f:(X,Ts)→(Y,M) is continuous.Proof.
The easy proof is omitted.Corollary 4.14.
Letf:(X,T)→(Y,M) be a completely continuous surjection. If (X,T) is nearly Lindelöf, then (Y,M) is Lindelöf.Proof.
The proof is a consequence of Propositions3.12 and 4.13.The following example shows that the converse of Proposition4.13 is not true in general.Example 4.15.
LetX be a set and A a proper nonempty subset of X. Consider the topology T={U:U⊆A}∪{X} on X. Let Y={0,1} with the topology M={∅,Y,{0}}. Let f:(X,T)→(Y,M) be the function defined by f(x)=1 if x∈X-A and f(x)=0 if x∈A. Then V={0}∈M such that f-1(V)=A∈Ts-RO(X,T), and so f is continuous but not completely continuous.



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