# New Exponential and Complex Traveling Wave Solutions to the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky Model

Authors: Faruk Dusunceli
Journal: Advances in Mathematical Physics
 (2019)

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## Abstract

The Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky (KD) system is presented by the application of the improved Bernoulli subequation function method (IBSEFM). First, The KD system being Nonlinear partial differential equations system is transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equation by using a wave transformation. Last, the resulting equation is successfully explored for new explicit exact solutions including singular soliton, kink, and periodic wave solutions. All the obtained solutions in this study satisfy the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky model. Under suitable choice of the parameter values, interesting two- and three-dimensional graphs of all the obtained solutions are plotted.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Various complex nonlinear phenomena in different fields of nonlinear sciences such as fluid mechanic, plasma physics, and optical fibers can be expressed in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs). Many analytical methods for solving such type of equations have been developed and used by different researchers from all over the world. Zayed et al. [1] used the generalized Kudryashov in addressing some NPDEs arising in mathematical physics. Wang [2] investigated the Sharma-Tosso-Olver by using the extended hamoclinic test function method. Nofal [3] solved some nonlinear partial differential equation by using the simple equation method. Shang [4] obtained the exact solutions of the long-short wave resonance equation by using the extended hyperbolic function method. Wazzan [5] used the modified tanh-coth method in solving the generalized Burgers-fisher and Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations. Ren et al. [6] applied the generalized algebra method to the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system. In general various studies in this context have been submitted to the literature [7–23].In this paper, the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky (KD) equations [24] are investigated by using the improved Bernoulli subequation function method [25, 26].The Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky (KD) equations are given by [24](1)ut-uxxx-6buux+32a2u2ux-3vy+3avxu=0uy=vx,whereu=ux,y,t,v=vx,y,t and a,b are constants.Various analytical approaches have been used in obtaining the exact solutions to the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations. Sheng [27] used the improved F-expansion method in addressing (1), Wazwaz [28] employed the tanh-sech method, the cosh-sinh method, and the exponential functions method for obtaining the analytical solutions to (1), and Kumar et al. [29] solved the KD equations by traveling wave hypothesis and lie symmetry approach. Song and Zhang [30] utilized the extended Riccati equation rational expansion method and Feng and Lin [31] applied the improved Riccati mapping approach. Bekir [32] used the extended tanh method. Xia et al. [33] employed the new modified extended tanh function method.


## 2. The IBSEFM

In this section, we present Improved Bernoulli subequation function method (IBSEFM) formed by modifying the Bernoulli subequation function method. Therefore, we consider the following four steps.Step 1.
Let us consider the nonlinear partial differential equation given as(2)Pu,ux,ut,uxt,⋯=0and the wave transformation(3)ux,t=Uη,η=kx-ct,Substituting (3) into (2) gives the following nonlinear ordinary differential equation:(4)NU,U′,U′′,U′′′,⋯=0.Step 2.
The trial solution of (4) is assumed to be (5)Uη=∑i=0naiFiη∑j=0mbjFjη=a0+a1Fη+a2F2η+⋯+anFnηb0+b1Fη+b2F2η+⋯+bmFmη.According to the Bernoulli theory, we have the general form of the Bernoulli differential equation as(6)F′=wF+dFM,w≠0,d≠0,M∈R-0,1,2,where F=Fη is Bernoulli differential polynomial. Substituting (6) into (4) gives equations in degrees of F as (7)ΩF=ρsFs+⋯+ρ1F+ρ0=0.The values of n, m, and M are to be determined by using the homogeneous balance principle.Step 3.
Setting the summation of the coefficients ofΩF and equating each summation to zero yields an algebraic system of equation.(8)ρi=0,i=0,⋯,s.Solving this system of equation, we reach the values of a0,⋯,an and b0,⋯,bm.Step 4.
Equation (6) has the following solutions depending on the values of b and d:(9)Fη=-dw+EewM-1η1/1-M,w≠d,(10)Fη=E-1+E+1tanh⁡w1-Mη/21-tanh⁡w1-Mη/21/1-M,w=d,Using a complete discrimination system for the polynomial of F, we obtain the analytical solutions to (4) with the help of Wolfram Mathematica. For a better interpretation of results obtained in this way, we can plot two- and three-dimensional figures of analytical solutions by considering suitable values of parameters.


## 3. Application

In this section, we present the application of IBSEFM method to the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky (KD) equations. Using the wave transformation on (1)(11)ux,y,t=Uγ,γ=x+my-ct,vx,y,t=Vγ,γ=x+my-ct,we get the following system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations:(12)-cU′-U′′′-6bUU′+32a2U2U′-3V′+3aV′U=0,mU′=V′.Integrating the second equation in the system (12), we get(13)mU=V.Inserting (13) into the first equation of (12), we get the following single nonlinear ordinary differential equation:(14)6ma-12bUU′-2c+6m2U′-2U′′′+3a2U2U′=0.Finally, integrating (14), we have(15)3ma-6bU2-2c+6m2U-2U′′+a2U3=0.Balancing (15) by considering the highest derivative and the highest power, we obtain m+M=n+1.ChoosingM=3 and m=1, gives n=3. Thus, the trial solution to (1) takes the following form:(16)Uγ=a0+a1Fγ+a2F2γ+a3F3γb0+b1Fγ,where F′=wF+dF3,w≠0,d≠0. Substituting (16), its second derivative along with F′=wF+dF3,w≠0,d≠0 into (15) yields a polynomial in F. We collect a system of algebraic equations from the polynomial by equating each summation of the coefficients of F which have the same power. Solving the system of the algebraic equations yields the values of the parameter involved. Substituting the obtained values of the parameters into (16), yields the solutions to (1).Case 1.
⁡(17)a0=-2-2W+mαb0α2,a3=α2a1a24Wb0-2mαb0,b1=α2a14W-2mα,c=-4W2-mWα+m2α2α2,σ=-m2+Wα,d=αa24b0.Case 2.
⁡(18)a0=a1b0b1,a2=da1b0σb1,a3=da1σ,c=-3m2-4σ2,α=-4σb1a1,W=-2m-2σσb1a1.Case 3.
⁡(19)a0=a1b0b1,a2=-4db0α,a3=-4db1α,c=-3m2+α2a122b12,W=mα2,σ=-αa12b1.Case 4.
⁡(20)a0=a1b0b1,a2=-22da1b0c+3m2b12,a3=-22da1b1c+3m2b12,α=-2c+3m2b12a1,W=-mc+3m2b122a1,σ=-c+3m2b122b1.Case 5.
⁡(21)a0=a1b0b1,a2=-2ⅈda1b0c+3m2b1,a3=-2ⅈda1c+3m2,α=2ⅈc+3m2b1a1,W=-c+m3m-ⅈc+3m2b1a1,σ=12ⅈc+3m2.Substituting (17) into (16), gives(22)u1x,y,t=4W-2mαα2+a2ⅇ-2-ct+x+myσϵ-d/σb0.Substituting (18) into (16), gives(23)u2x,y,t=ϵσa1-dⅇ2-ct+x+myσ+ϵσb1.Substituting (19) into (16), gives(24)u3x,y,t=4σ1+ϵσ/dⅇ2-ct+x+myσ-ϵσα+a1b1.Substituting (20) into (16), gives(25)u4x,y,t=-2d2+ⅇ22-ct+x+myc+3m2b12/b1c+3m2ϵ2a1c+3m2b12ⅇ2-ct+x+myc+3m2b12/b1c+3m2ϵb1+2dc+3m2b122db1+ⅇ2-ct+x+myc+3m2b12/b1ϵc+3m2b12.Substituting (21) into (16), gives(26)u5x,y,t=c+3m2ϵa12ⅈdⅇⅈc+3m2-ct+x+my+c+3m2ϵb1.


## 4. Results and Discussion

This study uses the IBSEFM to obtain some travelling wave solutions to the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations such as the singular soliton, kink-type soliton, and the periodic wave solutions. The results are presented in exponential function structure in Section3. When the basic relation ex=sinh⁡x+cosh⁡(x) is used, solutions (22)-(26) become(27)u1x,y,t=4Wα2-2mα+b0a2-dσ+ϵcosh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ+ϵsinh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ-1,(28)u2x,y,t=ϵσa1b1ϵσ-dcosh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ+dsinh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ-1,(29)u3x,y,t=4σα+4ϵσ2α-ϵσ+dcosh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ-dsinh⁡2ctσ-2xσ-2myσ+a1b1,(30)u4x,y,t=-2d2+c+3m2ϵ2cosh⁡22-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1+sinh⁡22-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1a1cb12+3m2b12×c+3m2ϵcosh⁡2-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1+sinh⁡2-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1b1+2dcb12+3m2b122db1+ϵcosh⁡2-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1cb12+3m2b12+ϵsinh⁡2-ct+x+mycb12+3m2b12b1cb12+3m2b12)-1,where cb12+3m2b12>0 for valid solution,(31)u5x,y,t=c+3m2ϵa1b1(c+3m2ϵ+2ⅈdcos⁡c+3m2-ct+x+my-2dsin⁡c+3m2-ct+x+my,where c+3m2>0 for valid solution.It has been reported in the literature that some computational approaches have been utilized to obtain the solutions of the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations. Sheng [27] reported that some Jacobi elliptic function solutions, soliton-like solutions, trigonometric function solutions improved F-expansion method. Wazwaz [28] obtained some solitary wave, periodic wave, and kink solutions to this equation by using the tanh–sech method and the cosh–sinh scheme. The traveling wave hypothesis and the lie group approach were used on the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations by Kumar et al. [29] and some solitary wave, periodic singular waves, and cnoidal and snoidal solutions were reported. Song and Zhang [30] employed the extended Riccati equation rational expansion method to (1) and obtained some rational formal hyperbolic function solutions, rational formal triangular periodic solutions, and rational solutions. Via the improved mapping approach and variable separation method, Feng and Lin [31] constructed some solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, and rational function solutions. Bekir [32] constructed some kink and singular solitons by using the extended tanh method. Xia et al. [33] employed the modified extended tanh function method to the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equation, and soliton-like solutions, periodic formal solution, and rational function solutions were successfully constructed. We observed that the analytical method use in this study revealed the wave solutions in exponential function structure that can be converted to solutions with hyperbolic and trigonometric function structure.Remark 1.
Solutions (22), (23), and (24) are singular soliton solutions. Solution (25) is a kink-type soliton and solution (26) is a periodic wave solution.


## 5. Conclusions

In this paper, the IBSEFM is applied to the KD equations. We successfully obtained some new traveling wave solutions to the studied model such as complex and exponential function solutions. We presented the 2D and 3D graphs to each of the obtained solutions with the help of some powerful software program.It has been observed that these solutions have verified nonlinear KD equations. These traveling wave solutions, Figures1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, have been formed. Moreover, if we chose M=3, m=2, and n=4, we could obtain some other new traveling wave solutions to the nonlinear KD equations. When we compare our results with some of the existing results in the literature, we observe that the results reported in this study especially (25) and (26) are new complex and exponential solutions. All the reported solutions in this study verify the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equation. Our results might be useful in explaining the physical meaning of various nonlinear models arising in the field of nonlinear sciences. IBSEFM is powerful and efficient mathematical tool that can be used to handle various nonlinear mathematical models.Figure 1
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the solution (22) by considering the values b0=0.5, a2=0.2, k=1.6, W=0.3, c=0.2, d=0.01, ∝=0.8, σ=0.3, ϵ=0.9, y=1.5, and t=0.007for2D.Figure 2
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the solution (23) by considering the values b1=0.5, a1=0.2, k=1.6, c=0.2, d=0.01, σ=0.3, ϵ=0.9, y=1.5, and t=0.007for2D.Figure 3
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the solution (24) by considering the values b1=0.5, a1=0.2, k=1.6, c=0.2, d=0.01, ∝=0.8, σ=0.3, ϵ=0.9, y=1.5, and t=0.007for2D.Figure 4
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the solution (25) by considering the values b1=0.3, a1=0.2, k=1.6, c=0.8, d=0.01, y=1.5, ϵ=0.9, and t=0.007for2D.Figure 5
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the analytical solution (26) (real part) by considering the values b1=0.3, a1=0.2, k=1.6, c=0.8, d=0.01, y=1.5, ϵ=0.9, and t=0.007for2D.Figure 6
The 3D and 2D surfaces of the analytical solution (26) (imaginer part) by considering the values b1=0.3, a1=0.2, k=1.6, c=0.8, d=0.01, y=1.5, ϵ=0.9, and t=0.007for2D.The performance of this method is effective and reliable. In our research, these traveling wave solutions have not submitted to the literature in advance.



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*Source: 7801247-2019-02-11.xml*