# Inhibition of Rho Kinase Induces Antioxidative Molecules and Suppresses Reactive Oxidative Species in Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Authors: Tomokazu Fujimoto; Toshihiro Inoue; Saori Ohira; Nanako Awai-Kasaoka; Takanori Kameda; Miyuki Inoue-Mochita; Hidenobu Tanihara
Journal: Journal of Ophthalmology
 (2017)

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## Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the effect of rho kinase inhibitors on oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Methods. TM cells were isolated from the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Y-27632 and menadione were used to inhibit rho kinase and induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The cynomolgus monkey array and 12,613 probes were used in DNA microarray analysis, and the affected genes were categorized using gene ontology analysis. The mRNA levels of the target genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Intracellular oxidative stress was detected using a fluorescent reagent sensitive to ROS. Cell viability was assessed by the WST-8 assay. Results. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in antioxidant activity, and upregulation of catalase was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR after 30 min treatment with Y-27632. Production of ROS was increased by menadione, and the effect was partly suppressed by pretreatment with Y-27632. At a lower dose of menadione, Y-27632 stimulated TM cells and significantly increased their viability following menadione treatment compared to control cells. Conclusion. Using microarray analysis, Y-27632 was shown to upregulate antioxidative genes including catalase and partially reduce ROS production and cell death by oxidative stress caused by menadione.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Oxidative stress is a major physiological phenomenon, mediated through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis and pathogen response and are therefore essential in biological processes. In contrast, increases in ROS are seen in various age-related diseases including glaucoma [1]. For instance, in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients, the levels of oxidative stress markers are significantly increased [2–5]. Additionally, oxidative DNA damage is reportedly increased in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucoma patients [6, 7]. These findings indicate that the TM of glaucomatous eyes is continuously exposed to oxidative stress, and therefore, damage to TM may increase outflow resistance and the risk of glaucoma progression. In line with this, lower systemic antioxidant capacity is related to higher intraocular pressure (IOP) levels in open-angle glaucoma patients [8]. Moreover, glaucoma-related genes, such as CYP1B1 and FOXC1, are reportedly linked to oxidative stress in the eyes [9–12]. Taken together, control of oxidative stress in the eye may be a therapeutic target to slow glaucoma progression.Rho-rho kinase (ROCK) signaling controls polymerization of actin and thereby mediates various cell functions, such as contraction, migration, phagocytosis, and mitosis. Inhibition of ROCK increases aqueous outflow by depolymerizing F-actin in TM cells and Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells [13, 14]. A ROCK inhibitor, ripasudil, has been approved as an IOP-lowering drug in Japan [15]. Ripasudil significantly reduces the IOP of glaucoma patients upon either single or multiple administration [16, 17]. However, ROCK inhibitors have drawn attention as antioxidative drugs against cardiovascular diseases and chronic renal injury [18, 19]. Indeed, ripasudil (also known as K-115) has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect on the optic nerve by suppressing oxidative stress in an animal model [20]. Thus, the effect of ROCK inhibitors on oxidative stress in TM cells is of interest from a therapeutic point of view against glaucoma.Here, we show the results of an exhaustive investigation using a microarray, revealing that treatment with Y-27632, a well-known ROCK inhibitor, upregulates antioxidative molecules in TM cells, inhibits ROS production, and promotes cell survival.


## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. Cell Culture

Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells were isolated from the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys (Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan) according to the method described previously [21]. Primary TM cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Wako, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 0.5 μg/mL amphotericin B at 37°C in 5% CO2. These cells were used after 2–5 passages. The character of the isolated cells in the present study was confirmed by expression of specific TM markers (caveolin 1, collagen 4α5, matrix gla protein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1), phagocytosis function, and myocilin induction by dexamethasone as described previously [22].


### 2.2. DNA Microarray Analysis

Custom cDNA microarray analysis was performed using a CombiMatrix microarray (CombiMatrix, Mukilteo, WA) as described previously [23]. Briefly, the cynomolgus monkey array was designed to detect directly labeled mRNA from 12,613 probes. Confluent TM cells in 100 mm dishes were treated with 25 μM Y-27632 (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) or vehicle (deionized water) for 30 min. Total RNA was extracted from the cells, and the integrity and concentration of total RNA was measured using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Fluorescence-labeled antisense RNA was synthesized by direct incorporation of Cy5-UTP or Cy3-UTP, using each RNA sample and an RNA Transcript SureLABEL Core kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). Labeled antisense RNAs were hybridized simultaneously with the microarray chips. DNA microarray preparation, hybridization, processing, scanning, and analyses were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Filgen, Nagoya, Japan). Fluorescent images of hybridized microarrays were obtained with a GenePix 4000B Scanner (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Array-Pro Analyzer Ver4.5 (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) was used to determine the signal intensity of each spot and its local background. Scanned images were analyzed using Microarray Data Analysis Tool Ver3.2 software (Filgen). Signals from Y-27632 treated cells were compared with those from vehicle-treated cells, and genes that showed greater than 3/2-fold change in expression in at least one of the pairwise probe comparisons were considered upregulated, whereas those that showed a change of expression smaller than 2/3-fold were considered downregulated. These analyses were performed three times using TM cells from three different monkeys independently, and genes with common differences in expression among the three experiments were identified as affected genes. The affected genes were further analyzed by gene ontology, in which putative functions of gene products were categorized as “biological process,” “cellular component,” or “molecular function” by a BLAST homology search of EST sequences available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information.


### 2.3. Real-Time RT-PCR

Total RNA was isolated from cultured TM cells treated with Y-27632 for 30 min using NucleoSpin RNA (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). Total RNA was reverse transcribed (PrimeScript RT Master Mix; Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed using an ABI Prism 7000 (Life Technologies). Reactions were performed in 20μL of reaction mixture containing 10 μL PCR master mix (SYBR Premix Ex Taq II; Takara Bio Inc.), 0.4 μM primer pairs, and 2 μL cDNA samples. The gene-specific primer pairs were as follows: monkey catalase, forward (F) 5′-GCA AAT CTG TGA GGC CGG GG-3′; reverse (R) 5′-GCG CAT CTA GCA CCG GAG AA-3′ and 18S ribosomal RNA, (F) 5′-GCC CGA AGC GTT TAC TTT GA-3′; (R) 5′-CCG CGG TCC TAT TCC ATT ATT-3′. The thermal cycling conditions were 95°C for 30 s and 40 cycles of 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 31 s. All PCR reactions were performed in duplicate.Relative expression of catalase in the Y-27632-treated samples was compared to that in control samples using the comparative CT method (ΔΔCT method); 18S ribosomal RNA was used as an endogenous control. The threshold cycle, CT, was determined after setting the threshold in the linear amplification phase of the PCR reaction and ΔCT was defined as ΔCT = CT (target gene) − CT (18S rRNA). Relative expression of the target gene was calculated as: 2−ΔΔCT, ΔΔCT = ΔCT (treated sample) − ΔCT (control).


### 2.4. Intracellular Oxidative Stress Detection

The effects of Y-27632 on the production of ROS were evaluated using CellROX® green reagent (Life Technologies) in the TM cells. These cells were cultured on 6 cm dishes in DMEM containing 10% FBS and antibiotics at 37°C in 5% CO2. After cells had grown to confluence, they were pretreated with Y-27632 for 30 min and then stimulated with 100 μM menadione (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 1 h. CellROX reagent was then added to each dish to give a final concentration of 5 μM and incubated for 30 min at 37°C. After incubation, TM cells were washed in PBS and detached by trypsin/EDTA solution and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 3 min. The supernatant was removed, and cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 15 min and then centrifuged twice at 1200 rpm for 3 min, resuspending in PBS after each spin. FITC fluorescence of TM cells was analyzed using a Cell Sorter SH800 (Sony Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan).


### 2.5. Cell Viability Assay

The effects of Y-27632 on TM cell viability were evaluated using the WST-8 assay (Cell Counting Kit-8, Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan). Cells were seeded on 96-well plates (1 × 104 cells/well) and incubated at 37°C under 5% CO2 overnight. After pretreatment with Y-27632 for 30 min, cells were stimulated with H2O2 or menadione for 24 h. CCK-8 reagents were added into each well and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. Absorbance at 450 nm was determined using a microplate reader (Multiskan FC, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of control (vehicle-treated) cells.


### 2.6. Direct Antioxidant Activity of Y-27632

Direct antioxidant activity was assessed by 2-methyl-6-p-methoxyphenylethynylimidazopyrazinone (AB-2950 MPEC; ATTO, Tokyo, Japan), a superoxide-sensitive luminescent reagent, and reagents for xanthine-oxidase-induced superoxide production (AB-2970 CLETA-S, ATTO) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 10μL of 300 μM MPEC/ethanol and 80 μL of 1.25 unit/mL xanthine oxidase/HEPES were mixed. Then, 10 μL of 25 μM Y-27632 or 20 mM n-acetyl cysteine (positive control) was added into each well of a 96-well plate. Subsequently, 90 μL of the mixture of MPEC and xanthine oxidase and 200 μL of xanthine were added to each well. The luminescent signal was measured for 10 s by a luminometer (AB-2270 Octa; ATTO).


### 2.7. Statistical Analysis

Data are presented as means ± standard error. Statistical comparisons of multiple groups were performed using the Tukey-Kramer HSD test and Dunnett’s test, and those of two groups were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Differences were considered statistically significant atP<0.05.


## 2.1. Cell Culture

Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells were isolated from the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys (Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan) according to the method described previously [21]. Primary TM cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Wako, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 0.5 μg/mL amphotericin B at 37°C in 5% CO2. These cells were used after 2–5 passages. The character of the isolated cells in the present study was confirmed by expression of specific TM markers (caveolin 1, collagen 4α5, matrix gla protein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1), phagocytosis function, and myocilin induction by dexamethasone as described previously [22].


## 2.2. DNA Microarray Analysis

Custom cDNA microarray analysis was performed using a CombiMatrix microarray (CombiMatrix, Mukilteo, WA) as described previously [23]. Briefly, the cynomolgus monkey array was designed to detect directly labeled mRNA from 12,613 probes. Confluent TM cells in 100 mm dishes were treated with 25 μM Y-27632 (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) or vehicle (deionized water) for 30 min. Total RNA was extracted from the cells, and the integrity and concentration of total RNA was measured using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Fluorescence-labeled antisense RNA was synthesized by direct incorporation of Cy5-UTP or Cy3-UTP, using each RNA sample and an RNA Transcript SureLABEL Core kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). Labeled antisense RNAs were hybridized simultaneously with the microarray chips. DNA microarray preparation, hybridization, processing, scanning, and analyses were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Filgen, Nagoya, Japan). Fluorescent images of hybridized microarrays were obtained with a GenePix 4000B Scanner (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Array-Pro Analyzer Ver4.5 (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) was used to determine the signal intensity of each spot and its local background. Scanned images were analyzed using Microarray Data Analysis Tool Ver3.2 software (Filgen). Signals from Y-27632 treated cells were compared with those from vehicle-treated cells, and genes that showed greater than 3/2-fold change in expression in at least one of the pairwise probe comparisons were considered upregulated, whereas those that showed a change of expression smaller than 2/3-fold were considered downregulated. These analyses were performed three times using TM cells from three different monkeys independently, and genes with common differences in expression among the three experiments were identified as affected genes. The affected genes were further analyzed by gene ontology, in which putative functions of gene products were categorized as “biological process,” “cellular component,” or “molecular function” by a BLAST homology search of EST sequences available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information.


## 2.3. Real-Time RT-PCR

Total RNA was isolated from cultured TM cells treated with Y-27632 for 30 min using NucleoSpin RNA (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). Total RNA was reverse transcribed (PrimeScript RT Master Mix; Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed using an ABI Prism 7000 (Life Technologies). Reactions were performed in 20μL of reaction mixture containing 10 μL PCR master mix (SYBR Premix Ex Taq II; Takara Bio Inc.), 0.4 μM primer pairs, and 2 μL cDNA samples. The gene-specific primer pairs were as follows: monkey catalase, forward (F) 5′-GCA AAT CTG TGA GGC CGG GG-3′; reverse (R) 5′-GCG CAT CTA GCA CCG GAG AA-3′ and 18S ribosomal RNA, (F) 5′-GCC CGA AGC GTT TAC TTT GA-3′; (R) 5′-CCG CGG TCC TAT TCC ATT ATT-3′. The thermal cycling conditions were 95°C for 30 s and 40 cycles of 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 31 s. All PCR reactions were performed in duplicate.Relative expression of catalase in the Y-27632-treated samples was compared to that in control samples using the comparative CT method (ΔΔCT method); 18S ribosomal RNA was used as an endogenous control. The threshold cycle, CT, was determined after setting the threshold in the linear amplification phase of the PCR reaction and ΔCT was defined as ΔCT = CT (target gene) − CT (18S rRNA). Relative expression of the target gene was calculated as: 2−ΔΔCT, ΔΔCT = ΔCT (treated sample) − ΔCT (control).


## 2.4. Intracellular Oxidative Stress Detection

The effects of Y-27632 on the production of ROS were evaluated using CellROX® green reagent (Life Technologies) in the TM cells. These cells were cultured on 6 cm dishes in DMEM containing 10% FBS and antibiotics at 37°C in 5% CO2. After cells had grown to confluence, they were pretreated with Y-27632 for 30 min and then stimulated with 100 μM menadione (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 1 h. CellROX reagent was then added to each dish to give a final concentration of 5 μM and incubated for 30 min at 37°C. After incubation, TM cells were washed in PBS and detached by trypsin/EDTA solution and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 3 min. The supernatant was removed, and cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 15 min and then centrifuged twice at 1200 rpm for 3 min, resuspending in PBS after each spin. FITC fluorescence of TM cells was analyzed using a Cell Sorter SH800 (Sony Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan).


## 2.5. Cell Viability Assay

The effects of Y-27632 on TM cell viability were evaluated using the WST-8 assay (Cell Counting Kit-8, Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan). Cells were seeded on 96-well plates (1 × 104 cells/well) and incubated at 37°C under 5% CO2 overnight. After pretreatment with Y-27632 for 30 min, cells were stimulated with H2O2 or menadione for 24 h. CCK-8 reagents were added into each well and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. Absorbance at 450 nm was determined using a microplate reader (Multiskan FC, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of control (vehicle-treated) cells.


## 2.6. Direct Antioxidant Activity of Y-27632

Direct antioxidant activity was assessed by 2-methyl-6-p-methoxyphenylethynylimidazopyrazinone (AB-2950 MPEC; ATTO, Tokyo, Japan), a superoxide-sensitive luminescent reagent, and reagents for xanthine-oxidase-induced superoxide production (AB-2970 CLETA-S, ATTO) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 10μL of 300 μM MPEC/ethanol and 80 μL of 1.25 unit/mL xanthine oxidase/HEPES were mixed. Then, 10 μL of 25 μM Y-27632 or 20 mM n-acetyl cysteine (positive control) was added into each well of a 96-well plate. Subsequently, 90 μL of the mixture of MPEC and xanthine oxidase and 200 μL of xanthine were added to each well. The luminescent signal was measured for 10 s by a luminometer (AB-2270 Octa; ATTO).


## 2.7. Statistical Analysis

Data are presented as means ± standard error. Statistical comparisons of multiple groups were performed using the Tukey-Kramer HSD test and Dunnett’s test, and those of two groups were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Differences were considered statistically significant atP<0.05.


## 3. Results

### 3.1. Microarray Expression Profile in Y-27632-Treated TM Cells

Among the 12,613 genes analyzed by microarray, the affected genes are listed in Tables1 and 2; 444 genes were upregulated, and 56 were downregulated. Significantly upregulated and downregulated gene categories based on gene ontology analysis in Y-27632 treated TM cells are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were related to various cellular functions including antioxidant activity (P=0.014), and downregulated genes were related to integrin complexes (P=0.039), and calcium ion transport into the cytosol (P=0.008). In the category of antioxidant activity, upregulated genes were homologous to human gene coding catalase (P=0.046), thioredoxin domain-containing 2 (also known as spermatozoa; P=0.032), nucleoredoxin (P=0.017), albumin (probe 1, P=0.002; probe 2, P=0.021), and glutathione transferase zeta 1 (P=0.004). Upregulation of the mRNA of catalase, an extensively investigated antioxidant, was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and found to be 1.5 times higher in TM cells treated with Y-27632 compared to the control TM cells (P=0.032; Figure 1(a)). In contrast, four other genes involved in antioxidant activity were not significantly affected after treatment with Y-27632 (data not shown).Table 1
Genes that are upregulated in TM cells.
Accession number
Human RefSeq description
Fold change
DW528016
gi|75750485|ref|NM_004773.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, HIT type 3 (ZNHIT3), mRNA
6.79928
CJ434702
gi|20986504|ref|NM_002753.2Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (MAPK10), transcript variant 1, mRNA
5.85538
AB168851
gi|224586874|ref|NM_033124.4Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 65 (CCDC65), mRNA
5.77453
AB169150
gi|223555972|ref|NR_026827.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC84856 (LOC84856), noncoding RNA
5.01086
DW523643
gi|225903398|ref|NM_001146152.1Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP51A1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
4.6977
AK240630
gi|4503754|ref|NM_002021.1Homo sapiens flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1), mRNA
4.64946
BB894083
gi|154689768|ref|NM_020840.1Homo sapiens folliculin-interacting protein 2 (FNIP2), mRNA
4.52052
AB168218
gi|85060516|ref|NM_199321.2Homo sapiens zona pellucida-binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
4.20286
AB168199
gi|156523965|ref|NM_001102470.1Homo sapiens alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V) (ADH6), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.89514
AB172502
gi|50897849|ref|NM_001001936.1Homo sapiens actin filament-associated protein 1-like 2 (AFAP1L2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.84241
CJ448047
gi|46909588|ref|NM_002731.2Homo sapiens protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta (PRKACB), transcript variant 2, mRNA
3.75324
DC857227
gi|239752603|ref|XM_002348257.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (LOC100294459), mRNA
3.66898
CJ449582
gi|9506614|ref|NM_019023.1Homo sapiens protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7), mRNA
3.64058
EF208813
gi|24797075|ref|NM_002121.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1), mRNA
3.57386
DQ417745
gi|194,248,050|ref|NM_000839.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2 (GRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.5509
AB049894
gi|66571326|ref|NM_020914.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 213 (RNF213), mRNA
3.51068
DC850932
gi|117676364|ref|NM_014350.2Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.47535
BB877436
gi|142360165|ref|NM_005123.2Homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 (NR1H4), mRNA
3.46906
AB174726
gi|22208962|ref|NM_016150.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ASB2), mRNA
3.30479
AB174122
gi|209862773|ref|NM_002483.4Homo sapiens carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) (CEACAM6), mRNA
3.27904
AB173773
gi|38569483|ref|NM_017641.2Homo sapiens kinesin family member 21A (KIF21A), mRNA
3.26679
DK578446
gi|15718677|ref|NM_033257.2Homo sapiens DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6 like (DGCR6L), mRNA
3.26114
AB168950
gi|38261961|ref|NM_018179.3Homo sapiens activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein (ATF7IP), mRNA
3.25607
CJ488707
gi|45333915|ref|NM_178456.2Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 85 (C20orf85), mRNA
3.24156
DC639327
gi|154800442|ref|NM_005074.3Homo sapiens solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1 (SLC17A1), mRNA
3.23693
BB895966
gi|32483409|ref|NM_000583.2Homo sapiens group-specific component (vitamin D-binding protein) (GC), mRNA
3.22662
DQ417744
gi|194248050|ref|NM_000839.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2 (GRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.1862
AB168486
gi|195972893|ref|NM_152764.2Homo sapiens chromosome 16 open reading frame 73 (C16orf73), mRNA
3.17552
AB047624
gi|45446748|ref|NM_004984.2Homo sapiens kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A), mRNA
3.1749
CJ446015
gi|187761371|ref|NM_004044.5Homo sapiens 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC), mRNA
3.17026
AB171508
gi|89276768|ref|NM_002747.3Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4), mRNA
3.12296
DC639656
gi|148596946|ref|NM_001098483.1Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 125 (C10orf125), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.11887
AB048996
gi|211938419|ref|NM_002898.3Homo sapiens RNA-binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2 (RBMS2), mRNA
3.11444
DC630823
gi|215422360|ref|NM_004786.2Homo sapiens thioredoxin-like 1 (TXNL1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.09601
AB173283
gi|197927150|ref|NM_006158.3Homo sapiens neurofilament, light polypeptide (NEFL), mRNA
3.09117
DC633065
gi|34486089|ref|NM_004152.2Homo sapiens ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1), mRNA
3.0599
AB174730
gi|115387109|ref|NM_017831.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 125 (RNF125), mRNA
3.03611
AB046044
gi|170650673|ref|NM_000440.2Homo sapiens phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha (PDE6A), mRNA
3.03568
AB179171
gi|82546851|ref|NM_175605.3Homo sapiens intraflagellar transport 88 homolog (Chlamydomonas) (IFT88), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.029
AB051155
gi|35493712|ref|NM_017890.3Homo sapiens vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast) (VPS13B), transcript variant 5, mRNA
3.00764
AB072740
gi|155029549|ref|NM_178828.4Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 79 (C9orf79), mRNA
3.00753
BB881371
gi|162809333|ref|NM_002864.2Homo sapiens pregnancy-zone protein (PZP), mRNA
2.99069
CJ463711
gi|215272411|ref|NM_001142334.1Homo sapiens ataxin 2-binding protein 1 (A2BP1), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.98758
AB170648
gi|5174424|ref|NM_006052.1Homo sapiens Down syndrome critical region gene 3 (DSCR3), mRNA
2.9606
AB220465
gi|58331245|ref|NM_000817.2Homo sapiens glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67 kDa) (GAD1), transcript variant GAD67, mRNA
2.95173
AB062990
gi|33149330|ref|NM_022463.3Homo sapiens nucleoredoxin (NXN), mRNA
2.94787
AB220509
gi|139394620|ref|NM_006574.3Homo sapiens chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (neuroglycan C) (CSPG5), mRNA
2.92569
AB070086
gi|22538813|ref|NM_002985.2Homo sapiens chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), mRNA
2.92446
AB173147
gi|194294550|ref|NM_015989.4Homo sapiens cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), mRNA
2.91509
AB051133
gi|28329444|ref|NM_014379.2Homo sapiens potassium channel, subfamily V, member 1 (KCNV1), mRNA
2.87085
AB174705
gi|51477720|ref|NM_001003811.1Homo sapiens testis-expressed 11 (TEX11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.86731
CJ469703
gi|169646771|ref|NM_002064.2Homo sapiens glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) (GLRX), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.85957
AB220438
gi|109633045|ref|NM_001042437.1Homo sapiens ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 (ST3GAL5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.85364
BB881475
gi|170650673|ref|NM_000440.2Homo sapiens phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha (PDE6A), mRNA
2.84456
AB168610
gi|62632749|ref|NM_014616.1Homo sapiens ATPase, class VI, type 11B (ATP11B), mRNA
2.84449
AB173806
gi|134031964|ref|NR_003491.1Homo sapiens myocardial infarction associated transcript (nonprotein coding) (MIAT), noncoding RNA
2.82677
AB063045
gi|190570175|ref|NM_152906.4Homo sapiens chromosome 22 open reading frame 25 (C22orf25), mRNA
2.80672
AB168446
gi|223278411|ref|NR_026782.1Homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 175 (C1orf175), transcript variant 2, transcribed RNA
2.79215
CJ473171
gi|215490055|ref|NM_001142434.1Homo sapiens meningioma-expressed antigen 5 (hyaluronidase) (MGEA5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.78342
CJ450383
gi|83641894|ref|NM_031157.2Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.78321
DW528650
gi|58430810|ref|NM_148912.2Homo sapiens abhydrolase domain-containing 11 (ABHD11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.77238
AB362499
gi|48255911|ref|NM_012338.3Homo sapiens tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12), mRNA
2.76878
AB173195
gi|196049386|ref|NM_002198.2Homo sapiens interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), mRNA
2.76544
AB168743
gi|188536107|ref|NM_001127458.1Homo sapiens cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.76042
CJ444006
gi|157151724|ref|NM_001004333.3Homo sapiens ribonuclease, RNase K (RNASEK), mRNA
2.75719
DK583186
gi|156631002|ref|NM_006913.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 5 (RNF5), mRNA
2.75394
AB168582
gi|239757151|ref|XM_002345145.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100292623 (LOC100292623), mRNA
2.75285
BB884235
gi|70906436|ref|NM_000509.4Homo sapiens fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), transcript variant gamma-A, mRNA
2.74831
AB070088
gi|148613875|ref|NM_144715.3Homo sapiens EF-hand domain family, member B (EFHB), mRNA
2.74738
AB174502
gi|239757416|ref|XM_002345385.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2019710 (LOC100294049), mRNA
2.73964
AB172306
gi|196162714|ref|NM_024786.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, DHHC-type-containing 11 (ZDHHC11), mRNA
2.72049
BB878691
gi|19743563|ref|NM_000766.3Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 13 (CYP2A13), mRNA
2.72031
AB174483
gi|55775474|ref|NM_194326.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S19-binding protein 1 (RPS19BP1), mRNA
2.68579
DC632651
gi|22538474|ref|NM_018955.2Homo sapiens ubiquitin B (UBB), mRNA
2.66418
AB168353
gi|197927266|ref|NM_004388.2Homo sapiens chitobiase, di-N-acetyl (CTBS), mRNA
2.64444
AB169323
gi|156616291|ref|NM_018100.3Homo sapiens EF-hand domain (C-terminal)-containing 1 (EFHC1), mRNA
2.6433
AB048961
gi|209413742|ref|NM_005458.6Homo sapiens gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2 (GABBR2), mRNA
2.63945
AB173162
gi|73747880|ref|NM_015113.3Homo sapiens zinc finger, ZZ-type with EF-hand domain 1 (ZZEF1), mRNA
2.63631
AB179192
gi|237681201|ref|NM_019644.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 7 (ANKRD7), mRNA
2.62211
CJ469417
gi|169790802|ref|NM_005271.2Homo sapiens glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), mRNA
2.62134
AB172772
gi|61835190|ref|NM_006578.3Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), beta 5 (GNB5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.61592
DC857715
gi|169234652|ref|NM_007360.2Homo sapiens killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1 (KLRK1), mRNA
2.6139
AB179131
gi|40807356|ref|NM_005094.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 4 (SLC27A4), mRNA
2.61058
DC647811
gi|92091576|ref|NM_015533.3Homo sapiens dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (DAK), mRNA
2.60217
AB171456
gi|197927256|ref|NM_001134664.1Homo sapiens sterile alpha motif domain-containing 13 (SAMD13), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.59522
CJ490832
gi|169205007|ref|XM_001714899.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC100131988 (LOC100131988), mRNA
2.58063
DC635714
gi|57013275|ref|NM_006082.2Homo sapiens tubulin, alpha 1b (TUBA1B), mRNA
2.57848
AB055358
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.57079
CJ458955
gi|197382308|ref|NM_183394.2Homo sapiens Ca++-dependent secretion activator (CADPS), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.55777
DC636940
gi|54112387|ref|NM_001005738.1Homo sapiens formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.54881
CJ493104
gi|56676323|ref|NM_001001552.3Homo sapiens LEM domain-containing 1 (LEMD1), mRNA
2.5487
AB172122
gi|239754513|ref|XM_001716238.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC100128081 (LOC100128081), mRNA
2.54837
CJ469678
gi|197304748|ref|NM_032727.3Homo sapiens internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha (INA), mRNA
2.53491
AB070172
gi|32490571|ref|NM_012307.2Homo sapiens erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3), mRNA
2.52667
DW528013
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.52479
AB171587
gi|161169016|ref|NM_001111019.1Homo sapiens neuron navigator 2 (NAV2), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.5209
BB888693
gi|49574509|ref|NM_016013.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, assembly factor 1 (NDUFAF1), mRNA
2.51576
BB897871
gi|207113180|ref|NM_001097577.2Homo sapiens angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 (ANG), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.50309
AB168153
gi|222352148|ref|NM_018665.2Homo sapiens DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 43 (DDX43), mRNA
2.50236
AB173823
gi|148225856|ref|NM_001097579.1Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 34 (GPR34), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.49912
AB168907
gi|194688136|ref|NM_002358.3Homo sapiens MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast) (MAD2L1), mRNA
2.49825
DK583616
gi|18390348|ref|NM_000972.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L7a (RPL7A), mRNA
2.49444
CJ471599
gi|197245445|ref|NM_024958.2Homo sapiens neurensin 2 (NRSN2), mRNA
2.49281
AB179111
gi|118572587|ref|NM_001761.2Homo sapiens cyclin F (CCNF), mRNA
2.49071
AB060886
gi|23199979|ref|NM_022470.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, matrin type 3 (ZMAT3), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.48362
AB056810
gi|126131101|ref|NM_138694.3Homo sapiens polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive) (PKHD1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.48299
DC645529
gi|4501988|ref|NM_001134.1Homo sapiens alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mRNA
2.46808
AB050420
gi|189095267|ref|NM_000554.4Homo sapiens cone-rod homeobox (CRX), mRNA
2.45627
AB243403
gi|116235483|ref|NM_002701.4Homo sapiens POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.4534
AB173020
gi|94420687|ref|NM_004233.3Homo sapiens CD83 molecule (CD83), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.44967
DC643036
gi|50409862|ref|NM_017584.5Homo sapiens myoinositol oxygenase (MIOX), mRNA
2.44791
BB897024
gi|142976728|ref|NM_016245.3Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 11 (HSD17B11), mRNA
2.43894
DW522619
gi|34147617|ref|NM_138807.2Homo sapiens chromosome 3 open reading frame 31 (C3orf31), mRNA
2.43416
DC645828
gi|16332359|ref|NM_033487.1Homo sapiens cell division cycle 2-like 1 (PITSLRE proteins) (CDC2L1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.43092
AB050260
gi|203098333|ref|NM_032133.4Homo sapiens MYCBP-associated protein (MYCBPAP), mRNA
2.41286
CJ436262
gi|150010638|ref|NM_015276.1Homo sapiens ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22), mRNA
2.39886
AB056381
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.39471
CJ443349
gi|83367079|ref|NM_003801.3Homo sapiens glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment protein 1 homolog (yeast) (GPAA1), mRNA
2.39333
AB171767
gi|126273571|ref|NM_144586.5Homo sapiens LY6/PLAUR domain-containing 1 (LYPD1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.393
AB056817
gi|58535452|ref|NM_001011649.1Homo sapiens CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.39285
AB174345
gi|145208007|ref|NM_173688.2Homo sapiens Na+/K+-transporting ATPase interacting 3 (NKAIN3), mRNA
2.39236
DC648733
gi|134133239|ref|NM_032151.4Homo sapiens pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2 (PCBD2), mRNA
2.39231
CJ435057
gi|189083855|ref|NM_000815.4Homo sapiens gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, delta (GABRD), mRNA
2.38598
AB172049
gi|41281366|ref|NM_001440.2Homo sapiens exostoses (multiple)-like 3 (EXTL3), mRNA
2.37312
CJ489397
gi|71143136|ref|NM_005342.2Homo sapiens high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3), mRNA
2.36471
AB170096
gi|42741653|ref|NM_007375.3Homo sapiens TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP), mRNA
2.36217
AB056391
gi|169216999|ref|XM_001720515.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to pro-pol protein (LOC100129323), mRNA
2.3496
AB071089
gi|167900475|ref|NM_001080850.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 30 (CCDC30), mRNA
2.34558
DK579603
gi|84626579|ref|NM_025108.2Homo sapiens chromosome 16 open reading frame 59 (C16orf59), mRNA
2.34371
CJ431113
gi|226246632|ref|NR_027451.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC647979 (LOC647979), noncoding RNA
2.34265
DK580610
gi|34335291|ref|NM_003312.4Homo sapiens thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) (TST), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.3426
AB168450
gi|81295815|ref|NM_012337.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 19 (CCDC19), mRNA
2.34063
DQ159931
gi|163659857|ref|NM_000828.4Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, ionotrophic, AMPA 3 (GRIA3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.33939
AB173516
gi|36287116|ref|NM_014319.3Homo sapiens LEM domain-containing 3 (LEMD3), mRNA
2.33925
AB173575
gi|56550100|ref|NM_020978.3Homo sapiens amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic) (AMY2B), mRNA
2.33548
AB169015
gi|93277104|ref|NM_173812.4Homo sapiens dpy-19-like 2 (C. elegans) (DPY19L2), mRNA
2.33006
BB898675
gi|70906438|ref|NM_021870.2Homo sapiens fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), transcript variant gamma-B, mRNA
2.32385
DK579646
gi|153791317|ref|NM_032332.3Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase organizer 1 (MORG1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.32308
AB071115
gi|111548669|ref|NM_153376.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 96 (CCDC96), mRNA
2.31559
DC632824
gi|23110926|ref|NM_002799.2Homo sapiens proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 7 (PSMB7), mRNA
2.31501
BB896362
gi|188595719|ref|NM_005141.3Homo sapiens fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), mRNA
2.3131
AB292416
gi|143770740|ref|NM_001083899.1Homo sapiens glycoprotein VI (platelet) (GP6), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.311
AB055350
gi|67782353|ref|NM_001024844.1Homo sapiens CD82 molecule (CD82), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.31014
AB168962
gi|210147405|ref|NM_152621.5Homo sapiens sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.30806
AB168166
gi|156415985|ref|NM_014579.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 2 (SLC39A2), mRNA
2.30287
AB172981
gi|73695942|ref|NM_001010927.2Homo sapiens T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.29903
CJ441025
gi|153252025|ref|NM_001830.3Homo sapiens chloride channel 4 (CLCN4), mRNA
2.29786
CJ445440
gi|42764686|ref|NM_022652.2Homo sapiens dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.29536
AB179072
gi|156119614|ref|NM_006901.2Homo sapiens myosin IXA (MYO9A), mRNA
2.28584
AB060229
gi|239756940|ref|XM_001718053.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to CD300C antigen (LOC100130520), mRNA
2.28415
CJ480802
gi|71772428|ref|NM_001021.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S17 (RPS17), mRNA
2.28212
DK581053
gi|63054873|ref|NM_001615.3Homo sapiens actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric (ACTG2), mRNA
2.27782
AB046030
gi|169210010|ref|XR_040492.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC440386 (LOC440386), miscRNA
2.27371
AB174638
gi|44680147|ref|NM_203327.1Homo sapiens solute carrier family 23 (nucleobase transporters), member 2 (SLC23A2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.2635
CJ469779
gi|95147340|ref|NM_004603.2Homo sapiens syntaxin 1A (brain) (STX1A), mRNA
2.25959
DC632108
gi|225637497|ref|NR_003286.2Homo sapiens 18S ribosomal RNA (LOC100008588), noncoding RNA
2.25815
AB170956
gi|65506441|ref|NM_000282.2Homo sapiens propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, alpha polypeptide (PCCA), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.25785
DC858184
gi|13569959|ref|NM_030980.1Homo sapiens interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa-like 2 (ISG20L2), mRNA
2.25755
CJ470090
gi|169790838|ref|NM_004172.4Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 (SLC1A3), mRNA
2.24996
DW522847
gi|215983055|ref|NM_031471.5Homo sapiens fermitin family homolog 3 (Drosophila) (FERMT3), transcript variant URP2SF, mRNA
2.23483
DK577957
gi|186910295|ref|NM_001126102.1Homo sapiens haptoglobin (HP), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.23107
AB168531
gi|162951880|ref|NM_001112707.1Homo sapiens tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2), transcript variant B, mRNA
2.22872
AB047603
gi|149363673|ref|NM_012194.1Homo sapiens chromosome 11 open reading frame 41 (C11orf41), mRNA
2.22681
DC642489
gi|66392201|ref|NM_002512.2Homo sapiens nonmetastatic cells 2, protein (NM23B) expressed in (NME2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.22176
AB072760
gi|91754184|ref|NM_152763.3Homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 62 (C1orf62), mRNA
2.2183
AB168708
gi|36287109|ref|NM_194429.1Homo sapiens FGFR1 oncogene partner (FGFR1OP), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.21393
AB168136
gi|93004101|ref|NM_005730.3Homo sapiens CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 2 (CTDSP2), mRNA
2.20887
DC641033
gi|108389126|ref|NM_001042353.1Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 110, member A (FAM110A), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.20687
CJ453010
gi|19743893|ref|NM_133480.1Homo sapiens transcriptional adaptor 3 (NGG1 homolog, yeast)-like (TADA3L), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.20608
AB168419
gi|32996736|ref|NM_173083.2Homo sapiens lin-9 homolog (C. elegans) (LIN9), mRNA
2.20292
AB169251
gi|148727318|ref|NM_001098529.1Homo sapiens thioredoxin domain-containing 2 (spermatozoa) (TXNDC2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.2019
AB173492
gi|31542657|ref|NM_018099.3Homo sapiens fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 (FAR2), mRNA
2.20171
CJ443285
gi|62955828|ref|NM_033428.1Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 123 (C9orf123), mRNA
2.19894
AB169808
gi|20336295|ref|NM_018380.2Homo sapiens DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 28 (DDX28), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.1907
AB169213
gi|125625349|ref|NM_001790.3Homo sapiens cell division cycle 25 homolog C (S. pombe) (CDC25C), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.18403
CJ491693
gi|21361889|ref|NM_021633.2Homo sapiens Kelch-like 12 (Drosophila) (KLHL12), mRNA
2.1801
BB876451
gi|109389366|ref|NM_000312.2Homo sapiens protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa) (PROC), mRNA
2.17421
AB171871
gi|153070253|ref|NM_001099680.1Homo sapiens MAGI family member, X-linked (MAGIX), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.17287
AB173097
gi|198041927|ref|NM_139241.2Homo sapiens FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing 4 (FGD4), mRNA
2.16791
AB046632
gi|136255215|ref|NM_207351.3Homo sapiens proline-rich transmembrane protein 3 (PRRT3), mRNA
2.16598
DK577943
gi|84872083|ref|NR_002798.1Homo sapiens napsin B aspartic peptidase pseudogene (NAPSB), noncoding RNA
2.16578
AB168792
gi|141802709|ref|NM_145263.2Homo sapiens spermatogenesis associated 18 homolog (rat) (SPATA18), mRNA
2.16491
BB881148
gi|189458840|ref|NM_005942.3Homo sapiens molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1 (MOCS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.16393
CJ472360
gi|24497456|ref|NM_139136.2Homo sapiens potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 2 (KCNC2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.15994
CJ430900
gi|94721262|ref|NM_001040446.1Homo sapiens myotubularin-related protein 12 (MTMR12), mRNA
2.15957
AB171550
gi|19913413|ref|NM_014203.2Homo sapiens adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit (AP2A1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.1589
AB173954
gi|188595678|ref|NM_014959.2Homo sapiens caspase recruitment domain family, member 8 (CARD8), mRNA
2.13719
AB071125
gi|89903024|ref|NM_001031735.2Homo sapiens chromosome 19 open reading frame 36 (C19orf36), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.13665
AB063014
gi|170650671|ref|NM_001122769.1Homo sapiens Leber congenital amaurosis 5 (LCA5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.13524
DC631520
gi|189163527|ref|NM_001127700.1Homo sapiens serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1 (SERPINA1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.1306
AY742821
gi|59806358|ref|NM_006011.3Homo sapiens ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2), mRNA
2.12885
AK240628
gi|160298141|ref|NM_000668.4Homo sapiens alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide (ADH1B), mRNA
2.12458
AB174195
gi|30794215|ref|NM_030961.1Homo sapiens tripartite motif-containing 56 (TRIM56), mRNA
2.12446
DC646861
gi|91807120|ref|NM_033087.3Homo sapiens asparagine-linked glycosylation 2, alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ALG2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.12291
AY650365
gi|27436932|ref|NM_172337.1Homo sapiens orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.11514
DW527197
gi|219555668|ref|NM_052855.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 40 (ANKRD40), mRNA
2.115
AB171287
gi|188497721|ref|NM_001127385.1Homo sapiens cortexin 3 (CTXN3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.11438
AB173764
gi|219879811|ref|NM_005475.2Homo sapiens SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3), mRNA
2.10791
DK582787
gi|221316657|ref|NM_004811.2Homo sapiens leupaxin (LPXN), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.10555
AB070128
gi|217416373|ref|NM_145038.2Homo sapiens chromosome 2 open reading frame 39 (C2orf39), mRNA
2.10225
AB070165
gi|226491198|ref|NM_182496.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 38 (CCDC38), mRNA
2.10075
DK577398
gi|52426772|ref|NM_002122.3Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1 (HLA-DQA1), mRNA
2.09004
AB169904
gi|34147601|ref|NM_004309.3Homo sapiens rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha (ARHGDIA), mRNA
2.08484
AB220503
gi|237681178|ref|NM_001160260.1Homo sapiens cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.08434
AB173401
gi|239750034|ref|XR_039406.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to yippee-like 5 (Drosophila) (LOC100132562), miscRNA
2.08407
AB171785
gi|253970447|ref|NM_014253.3Homo sapiens odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 1(Drosophila) (ODZ1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.08184
AB171491
gi|117938287|ref|NM_004171.3Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (SLC1A2), mRNA
2.08087
AB174571
gi|182765446|ref|NM_001031711.2Homo sapiens endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) 1 (ERGIC1), mRNA
2.07886
AB063092
gi|34577113|ref|NM_015576.1Homo sapiens ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 (ERC2), mRNA
2.07171
AB056378
gi|189163523|ref|NM_033064.4Homo sapiens ataxia, cerebellar, Cayman type (ATCAY), mRNA
2.06758
AB055299
gi|163644324|ref|NM_001112732.1Homo sapiens MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like (MCF2L), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.06139
AB172748
gi|119220563|ref|NM_004852.2Homo sapiens one cut homeobox 2 (ONECUT2), mRNA
2.05909
AB172478
gi|239746981|ref|XR_078603.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to putative p150 (LOC100288106), miscRNA
2.05792
AB170807
gi|236459850|ref|NM_173569.3Homo sapiens ubinuclein 2 (UBN2), mRNA
2.05471
EF208824
gi|239740919|ref|XM_002344047.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, transcript variant 2 (LOC100294318), mRNA
2.05031
AB169481
gi|150417992|ref|NM_033312.2Homo sapiens CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) (CDC14A), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.04992
AB171520
gi|56243494|ref|NM_004586.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 3 (RPS6KA3), mRNA
2.0465
DC629151
gi|215982788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
2.04345
DC640591
gi|208609965|ref|NM_001135664.1Homo sapiens RAB7, member RAS oncogene family-like 1 (RAB7L1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.04167
BB887273
gi|215,982,788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
2.0414
CJ435276
gi|75,812,975|ref|NM_001033574.1Homo sapiens archaelysin family metallopeptidase 2 (AMZ2), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.04064
DC643114
gi|33519462|ref|NM_004544.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42 kDa (NDUFA10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.03575
CJ436048
gi|62865867|ref|NM_004102.3Homo sapiens fatty acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart (mammary-derived growth inhibitor) (FABP3), mRNA
2.03528
AB179303
gi|196162694|ref|NM_003401.3Homo sapiens X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 4 (XRCC4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.03322
AB171313
gi|146219840|ref|NM_020709.1Homo sapiens PNMA-like 2 (PNMAL2), mRNA
2.02925
AB173369
gi|149363694|ref|NM_001009984.1Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 194 (C20orf194), mRNA
2.01079
AB171481
gi|18496982|ref|NM_015526.1Homo sapiens CAP-GLY domain-containing linker protein 3 (CLIP3), mRNA
2.00151
AB174068
gi|84872123|ref|NR_002833.1Homo sapiens dpy-19-like 2 pseudogene 1 (C. elegans) (DPY19L2P1), noncoding RNA
1.99958
AB050434
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.99905
DK577438
gi|88999575|ref|NM_002622.4Homo sapiens prefoldin subunit 1 (PFDN1), mRNA
1.99519
AB172315
gi|239753426|ref|XR_038411.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 (LOC646973), miscRNA
1.99372
BB895222
gi|38372939|ref|NM_001185.2Homo sapiens alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding (AZGP1), mRNA
1.99214
AB173728
gi|111154086|ref|NM_020631.3Homo sapiens pleckstrin homology domain-containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5 (PLEKHG5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.98959
DC647709
gi|28416926|ref|NM_002560.2Homo sapiens purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4 (P2RX4), mRNA
1.98692
AB048919
gi|156766083|ref|NM_031418.2Homo sapiens anoctamin 3 (ANO3), mRNA
1.98684
AB179103
gi|18860913|ref|NM_021818.2Homo sapiens salvador homolog 1 (Drosophila) (SAV1), mRNA
1.97681
AB046073
gi|118498342|ref|NM_014861.2Homo sapiens ATPase, Ca++ transporting, type 2C, member 2 (ATP2C2), mRNA
1.97604
AB172144
gi|190341103|ref|NM_015163.5Homo sapiens tripartite motif-containing 9 (TRIM9), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.97599
DK583369
gi|171460955|ref|NM_005800.4Homo sapiens ubiquitin-specific peptidase like 1 (USPL1), mRNA
1.9752
AB174098
gi|110815799|ref|NM_024345.3Homo sapiens DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 10 (DCAF10), mRNA
1.97309
DW526268
gi|31083173|ref|NM_181078.1Homo sapiens interleukin 21 receptor (IL21R), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.97258
AB171701
gi|20544144|ref|NM_139062.1Homo sapiens casein kinase 1, delta (CSNK1D), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.96537
CJ493302
gi|17136150|ref|NM_004724.2Homo sapiens ZW10, kinetochore associated, homolog (Drosophila) (ZW10), mRNA
1.96534
DK577545
gi|24797075|ref|NM_002121.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1), mRNA
1.96346
CJ458429
gi|71067335|ref|NM_031462.2Homo sapiens CD99 molecule-like 2 (CD99L2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.96208
AB172752
gi|32698785|ref|NM_182490.1Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 227 (ZNF227), mRNA
1.95671
AB171668
gi|40385866|ref|NM_199227.1Homo sapiens methionine aminopeptidase 1D (MAP1D), mRNA
1.95399
AB051117
gi|82617625|ref|NM_001037293.1Homo sapiens paralemmin 2 (PALM2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.9528
AB169059
gi|91992151|ref|NM_000616.3Homo sapiens CD4 molecule (CD4), mRNA
1.95226
CJ443230
gi|46094085|ref|NM_022758.4Homo sapiens chromosome 6 open reading frame 106 (C6orf106), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.95082
AB178987
gi|38045951|ref|NM_021030.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 14 (ZNF14), mRNA
1.94816
AB172387
gi|163659919|ref|NM_052839.3Homo sapiens pannexin 2 (PANX2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.94536
AB168775
gi|223468671|ref|NM_001145135.1Homo sapiens carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle) (CPT1B), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 6, mRNA
1.94062
DC633198
gi|206725531|ref|NM_001826.2Homo sapiens CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.93773
AB172044
gi|25168266|ref|NM_170709.1Homo sapiens serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase family, member 3 (SGK3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.93543
DK578185
gi|239754745|ref|XM_002346052.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100293771 (LOC100293771), mRNA
1.93421
AB171597
gi|113951732|ref|NM_012095.4Homo sapiens adaptor-related protein complex 3, mu 1 subunit (AP3M1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.93313
AB179405
gi|31543301|ref|NM_032600.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 54 (CCDC54), mRNA
1.93038
AB179267
gi|37594443|ref|NM_015896.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, MYND-type-containing 10 (ZMYND10), mRNA
1.92859
DC640525
gi|35493837|ref|NM_004902.2Homo sapiens RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.92337
AB049869
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.92159
DW528250
gi|52487034|ref|NM_004618.3Homo sapiens topoisomerase (DNA) III alpha (TOP3A), mRNA
1.91924
DC636463
gi|78214521|ref|NM_001035258.1Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L38 (RPL38), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.91826
AB179052
gi|115511031|ref|NM_004432.2Homo sapiens ELAV- (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-) like 2 (Hu antigen B) (ELAVL2), mRNA
1.91696
AB168809
gi|37622352|ref|NM_003551.2Homo sapiens nonmetastatic cells 5, protein expressed in nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NME5), mRNA
1.91336
CJ435007
gi|115527063|ref|NM_004859.3Homo sapiens clathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (CLTC), mRNA
1.91318
AB171499
gi|50845406|ref|NM_031444.2Homo sapiens chromosome 22 open reading frame 13 (C22orf13), mRNA
1.91088
DC647333
gi|118600974|ref|NM_007269.2Homo sapiens syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3), mRNA
1.90575
AB172403
gi|142976637|ref|NM_017420.3Homo sapiens SIX homeobox 4 (SIX4), mRNA
1.89362
AB174282
gi|31543080|ref|NM_016210.2Homo sapiens chromosome 3 open reading frame 18 (C3orf18), mRNA
1.89271
DC648759
gi|6382072|ref|NM_005258.2Homo sapiens GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator (GCHFR), mRNA
1.88951
AB169033
gi|195927038|ref|NM_001786.3Homo sapiens cell division cycle 2, G1 to S and G2 to M (CDC2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.88515
AB173309
gi|209447072|ref|NM_001135806.1Homo sapiens synaptotagmin I (SYT1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.88194
AB063003
gi|116063563|ref|NM_018218.2Homo sapiens ubiquitin-specific peptidase 40 (USP40), mRNA
1.88102
AB171041
gi|86787650|ref|NM_014800.9Homo sapiens engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.87945
CJ470094
gi|209364624|ref|NM_001822.4Homo sapiens chimerin (chimaerin) 1 (CHN1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.87132
AB171236
gi|19743893|ref|NM_133480.1Homo sapiens transcriptional adaptor 3 (NGG1 homolog, yeast)-like (TADA3L), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.86897
BB885210
gi|32484974|ref|NM_006721.2Homo sapiens adenosine kinase (ADK), transcript variant ADK-long, mRNA
1.86865
AB169067
gi|188528615|ref|NM_182911.3Homo sapiens testis-specific, 10 (TSGA10), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.86706
CJ464698
gi|221307560|ref|NR_026669.1Homo sapiens synaptosomal-associated protein, 91 kDa homolog (mouse) (SNAP91), transcript variant 2, transcribed RNA
1.86542
AB179482
gi|51173716|ref|NM_006720.3Homo sapiens actin-binding LIM protein 1 (ABLIM1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
1.85972
CJ442615
gi|239745120|ref|XR_015162.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC727880 (LOC727880), miscRNA
1.85021
CJ435208
gi|170650722|ref|NM_014236.3Homo sapiens glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT), mRNA
1.8499
AY650307
gi|51599155|ref|NM_001273.2Homo sapiens chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), mRNA
1.84509
DW525872
gi|77404354|ref|NM_003908.3Homo sapiens eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 beta, 38 kDa (EIF2S2), mRNA
1.84501
DW529999
gi|78190459|ref|NM_000978.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L23 (RPL23), mRNA
1.84409
AB174451
gi|223941821|ref|NM_014342.3Homo sapiens mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (C. elegans) (MTCH2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
1.84017
AB066534
gi|188528627|ref|NM_033109.3Homo sapiens polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1), mRNA
1.83655
BB888999
gi|160298191|ref|NM_000507.3Homo sapiens fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.8352
DC637318
gi|209977038|ref|NM_016074.3Homo sapiens bolA homolog 1 (E. coli) (BOLA1), mRNA
1.83477
AB169205
gi|109948303|ref|NM_018225.2Homo sapiens smu-1 suppressor of mec-8 and unc-52 homolog (C. elegans) (SMU1), mRNA
1.82627
CJ441961
gi|19913444|ref|NM_016257.2Homo sapiens hippocalcin-like 4 (HPCAL4), mRNA
1.8159
AY650384
gi|141803509|ref|NM_058164.2Homo sapiens olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), mRNA
1.81587
DC647305
gi|38372918|ref|NM_001728.2Homo sapiens basigin (Ok blood group) (BSG), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.8093
AB172260
gi|112382251|ref|NM_178313.2Homo sapiens spectrin, beta, nonerythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.80742
AB173850
gi|194097340|ref|NM_002616.2Homo sapiens period homolog 1 (Drosophila) (PER1), mRNA
1.80415
AB168762
gi|242247096|ref|NM_001340.3Homo sapiens cylicin, basic protein of sperm head cytoskeleton 2 (CYLC2), mRNA
1.80079
AB173856
gi|60302919|ref|NM_001752.2Homo sapiens catalase (CAT), mRNA
1.79676
AB060862
gi|221219051|ref|NM_031924.4Homo sapiens radial spoke 3 homolog (Chlamydomonas) (RSPH3), mRNA
1.79563
CJ470793
gi|224586819|ref|NR_027265.1Homo sapiens Golgi apparatus protein 1 (GLG1), transcript variant 5, transcribed RNA
1.79405
DW528583
gi|239787833|ref|NM_015139.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 35 (UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine dual transporter), member D1 (SLC35D1), mRNA
1.79359
DK580881
gi|194394144|ref|NM_145870.2Homo sapiens glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.792
AB173997
gi|225543100|ref|NR_027378.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC643763 (LOC643763), noncoding RNA
1.79131
AY650356
gi|223718142|ref|NM_173054.2Homo sapiens reelin (RELN), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.78729
DK584117
gi|15967154|ref|NM_016558.2Homo sapiens SCAN domain-containing 1 (SCAND1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.78008
DC621384
gi|15431296|ref|NM_000977.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.77763
DK577712
gi|109148541|ref|NM_001605.2Homo sapiens alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS), mRNA
1.77723
AB174251
gi|253314435|ref|NR_027995.1Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 20 family, member A2 pseudogene (LOC284232), noncoding RNA
1.77027
AB174247
gi|50897295|ref|NM_001002923.1Homo sapiens IGF-like family member 4 (IGFL4), mRNA
1.76977
CJ490195
gi|78190459|ref|NM_000978.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L23 (RPL23), mRNA
1.76786
AB171831
gi|167466275|ref|NM_152542.3Homo sapiens protein phosphatase 1K (PP2C domain containing) (PPM1K), mRNA
1.76709
DK582810
gi|90652856|ref|NM_032818.2Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 100 (C9orf100), mRNA
1.765
AB170534
gi|108773786|ref|NM_000321.2Homo sapiens retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), mRNA
1.76182
AB171096
gi|110347436|ref|NM_001042545.1Homo sapiens latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 4 (LTBP4), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.75594
AB168611
gi|21071068|ref|NM_004865.2Homo sapiens TBP-like 1 (TBPL1), mRNA
1.74839
CJ492188
gi|30181234|ref|NM_003447.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 165 (ZNF165), mRNA
1.74573
AB171700
gi|115527063|ref|NM_004859.3Homo sapiens clathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (CLTC), mRNA
1.74566
AB171366
gi|22748942|ref|NM_152445.1Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 161, member B (FAM161B), mRNA
1.74405
AB168566
gi|148664196|ref|NM_017950.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 40 (CCDC40), mRNA
1.74135
AB171657
gi|221316692|ref|NM_198449.2Homo sapiens embigin homolog (mouse) (EMB), mRNA
1.73933
AB056808
gi|71772767|ref|NM_152826.2Homo sapiens-sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.73686
AB168849
gi|156766042|ref|NM_001103146.1Homo sapiens GRB10-interacting GYF protein 2 (GIGYF2), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.73412
AB172848
gi|95113665|ref|NM_018157.2Homo sapiens resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 homolog B (C. elegans) (RIC8B), mRNA
1.72749
AB048894
gi|148727250|ref|NM_007137.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 81 (ZNF81), mRNA
1.71845
DW524469
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.71582
AB173566
gi|89242130|ref|NM_014305.2Homo sapiens TDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (TGDS), mRNA
1.71406
DC634783
gi|116812576|ref|NM_016019.2Homo sapiens LUC7-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) (LUC7L2), mRNA
1.71163
AB168438
gi|64276485|ref|NM_005869.2Homo sapiens serologically defined colon cancer antigen 10 (SDCCAG10), mRNA
1.71108
AB174725
gi|169194555|ref|XR_040716.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC439950 (LOC439950), miscRNA
1.70933
AB170786
gi|208879448|ref|NM_006265.2Homo sapiens RAD21 homolog (S. pombe) (RAD21), mRNA
1.70551
CJ431422
gi|117938253|ref|NM_001077441.1Homo sapiens BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.70446
AB048954
gi|148596971|ref|NM_014951.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 365 (ZNF365), transcript variant A, mRNA
1.70334
AB173447
gi|40288292|ref|NM_000361.2Homo sapiens thrombomodulin (THBD), mRNA
1.70293
AB173287
gi|242117988|ref|NM_014702.4Homo sapiens KIAA0408 (KIAA0408), mRNA
1.70162
CJ489820
gi|218505834|ref|NM_001142782.1Homo sapiens membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW, and PDZ domain-containing 3 (MAGI3), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.68381
AB173372
gi|78190481|ref|NM_025221.5Homo sapiens Kv channel-interacting protein 4 (KCNIP4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.68058
AB172865
gi|31795545|ref|NM_012450.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 4 (SLC13A4), mRNA
1.67878
AB168329
gi|223468562|ref|NM_005628.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (SLC1A5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.67642
AB171546
gi|55956903|ref|NM_005922.2Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.67151
AB063093
gi|194248055|ref|NM_002045.3Homo sapiens growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.66805
AB220449
gi|23510394|ref|NM_138966.2Homo sapiens neuropilin- (NRP-) and tolloid- (TLL-) like 1 (NETO1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.66789
AB169208
gi|22547155|ref|NM_002018.2Homo sapiens flightless I homolog (Drosophila) (FLII), mRNA
1.66361
AB168324
gi|116014337|ref|NM_030981.2Homo sapiens RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family (RAB1B), mRNA
1.66298
AB169835
gi|50726964|ref|NM_013392.2Homo sapiens nuclear receptor-binding protein 1 (NRBP1), mRNA
1.65785
AB173501
gi|195539333|ref|NM_018176.3Homo sapiens leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 2 (LGI2), mRNA
1.6574
DC630946
gi|183227689|ref|NM_002049.3Homo sapiens GATA-binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1) (GATA1), mRNA
1.65657
AB063075
gi|239743824|ref|XM_001128647.3 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC728701 (LOC728701), mRNA
1.65564
AB169782
gi|38261964|ref|NM_198399.1Homo sapiens cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21 kD (ARPP-21), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.65067
CJ477467
gi|133778911|ref|NM_003309.2Homo sapiens TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1), mRNA
1.65062
BB900725
gi|31542685|ref|NM_025125.2Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), mRNA
1.64409
AB220555
gi|208973250|ref|NM_003702.3Homo sapiens regulator of G-protein signaling 20 (RGS20), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.64376
AB171804
gi|66932910|ref|NM_014676.2Homo sapiens pumilio homolog 1 (Drosophila) (PUM1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.63724
DC625559
gi|4557320|ref|NM_000039.1Homo sapiens apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), mRNA
1.631
AB172266
gi|170932491|ref|NM_030770.2Homo sapiens transmembrane protease, serine 5 (TMPRSS5), mRNA
1.62995
AB173763
gi|62953115|ref|NM_001017523.1Homo sapiens BTB (POZ) domain-containing 11 (BTBD11), transcript variant b, mRNA
1.62499
AB172974
gi|111161293|ref|NM_005746.2Homo sapiens nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), mRNA
1.62078
AB179155
gi|187608347|ref|NM_145046.3Homo sapiens calreticulin 3 (CALR3), mRNA
1.6111
AB169148
gi|153792481|ref|NM_033048.4Homo sapiens CPX chromosome region, candidate 1 (CPXCR1), mRNA
1.60985
AB171264
gi|130977817|ref|NM_024549.4Homo sapiens tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.60704
AB172446
gi|193083128|ref|NM_001128920.1Homo sapiens MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), transcript variant 4, mRNA
1.60471
DC852298
gi|195972796|ref|NM_001130917.1Homo sapiens leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (with TM domain), member 2 (LILRA2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.59852
AB046637
gi|209571546|ref|NM_018095.4Homo sapiens Kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain-containing 4 (KBTBD4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.58107
CJ445723
gi|90903230|ref|NM_002111.6Homo sapiens huntingtin (HTT), mRNA
1.57689
DC630899
gi|83641894|ref|NM_031157.2Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.5766
AB168476
gi|219555742|ref|NM_015335.3Homo sapiens mediator complex subunit 13-like (MED13L), mRNA
1.57355
DC642541
gi|20357546|ref|NM_004231.2Homo sapiens ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 14 kDa, V1 subunit F (ATP6V1F), mRNA
1.57215
AB170370
gi|224177554|ref|NM_002340.5Homo sapiens lanosterol synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) (LSS), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.57006
DC636538
gi|71164876|ref|NM_001014.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S10 (RPS10), mRNA
1.56413
DC648258
gi|4557818|ref|NM_000277.1Homo sapiens phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), mRNA
1.56396
AB168688
gi|75709218|ref|NM_001324.2Homo sapiens cleavage stimulation factor, 3′ pre-RNA, subunit 1, 50 kDa (CSTF1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.56349
CJ486539
gi|194018543|ref|NM_031451.4Homo sapiens testis expressed 101 (TEX101), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.55338
AB173591
gi|56699472|ref|NM_006298.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 192 (ZNF192), mRNA
1.54892
AB168460
gi|56090619|ref|NM_001007531.1Homo sapiens NFKB-activating protein-like (NKAPL), mRNA
1.54807
AB046102
gi|215272394|ref|NM_001080475.2Homo sapiens pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M, member 3 (PLEKHM3), mRNA
1.53926
AB097526
gi|46409303|ref|NM_207332.1Homo sapiens glutamate-rich 1 (ERICH1), mRNA
1.53642
AB052134
gi|227430412|ref|NM_024827.3Homo sapiens histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.53543
AB170181
gi|21265090|ref|NM_007208.2Homo sapiens mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 (MRPL3), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
1.52903
AB171241
gi|116235443|ref|NM_138421.2Homo sapiens serum amyloid A-like 1 (SAAL1), mRNA
1.52713
AB171237
gi|48675815|ref|NM_015723.2Homo sapiens patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 8 (PNPLA8), mRNA
1.52587
DC625517
gi|47578120|ref|NM_177947.2Homo sapiens armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 3 (ARMCX3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.52547
AB168964
gi|87159814|ref|NM_001696.3Homo sapiens ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 31 kDa, V1 subunit E1 (ATP6V1E1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.52424
DC631115
gi|239752151|ref|XM_002348112.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to immunoglobulin lambda locus (LOC100290481), mRNA
1.51711
DC640134
gi|208609986|ref|NM_014655.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 25, member 44 (SLC25A44), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.51672
AB173691
gi|94536855|ref|NM_013301.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 106 (CCDC106), mRNA
1.50477
AB168370
gi|154744869|ref|NM_022752.5Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 574 (ZNF574), mRNA
1.50452Table 2
Genes that are downregulated in TM cells.
Accession number
Human RefSeq description
Fold change
DC624859
gi|215982788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
0.11952
AB171761
gi|148271103|ref|NM_173495.2Homo sapiens patched domain-containing 1 (PTCHD1), mRNA
0.13543
AB047615
gi|70780382|ref|NM_004285.3Homo sapiens hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase) (H6PD), mRNA
0.17649
DC621007
gi|38016905|ref|NR_001578.1Homo sapiens L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH), noncoding RNA
0.20061
CJ443677
gi|38327038|ref|NM_002154.3Homo sapiens heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4), mRNA
0.2086
DC622138
gi|145386530|ref|NM_001084392.1Homo sapiens D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.21345
BB891761
gi|33519462|ref|NM_004544.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42 kDa (NDUFA10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
0.23147
CJ444181
gi|226437566|ref|NM_001018060.2Homo sapiens apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.24045
AB171890
gi|118572602|ref|NM_001079514.1Homo sapiens ubinuclein 1 (UBN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.24676
AB174511
gi|153792041|ref|NM_020823.1Homo sapiens transmembrane protein 181 (TMEM181), mRNA
0.29472
AB168319
gi|116256484|ref|NM_006781.3Homo sapiens chromosome 6 open reading frame 10 (C6orf10), mRNA
0.3105
DW526909
gi|20302159|ref|NM_005999.2Homo sapiens translin-associated factor X (TSNAX), mRNA
0.32949
AB173471
gi|154354995|ref|NM_002222.4Homo sapiens inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1 (ITPR1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.33892
BB898986
gi|167003944|ref|NM_000204.3Homo sapiens complement factor I (CFI), mRNA
0.34234
DK578390
gi|56788350|ref|NM_001008695.1Homo sapiens THAP domain-containing 7 (THAP7), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.35502
CJ444326
gi|209413724|ref|NM_003692.3Homo sapiens transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 (TMEFF1), mRNA
0.3719
AB048874
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
0.38524
DC635743
gi|239750740|ref|XM_002347480.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2038941 (LOC100290006), mRNA
0.3882
CJ442045
gi|96975096|ref|NM_016577.3Homo sapiens RAB6B, member RAS oncogene family (RAB6B), mRNA
0.39034
BB897881
gi|31542685|ref|NM_025125.2Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), mRNA
0.39308
AB168422
gi|194306536|ref|NM_144594.2Homo sapiens gametocyte-specific factor 1 (GTSF1), mRNA
0.43061
DW524779
gi|226342870|ref|NR_027449.1Homo sapiens TBC1 domain family, member 15 (TBC1D15), transcript variant 4, transcribed RNA
0.44075
DC630545
gi|39812105|ref|NM_198941.1Homo sapiens serine incorporator 3 (SERINC3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.44508
AB172901
gi|42544225|ref|NM_020857.2Homo sapiens vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (VPS18), mRNA
0.44872
DW528888
gi|40068463|ref|NM_020732.2Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain 1B (SWI1-like) (ARID1B), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.44985
DC636880
gi|17738314|ref|NM_006835.2Homo sapiens cyclin I (CCNI), mRNA
0.45196
AB220379
gi|185134767|ref|NM_002524.3Homo sapiens neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS), mRNA
0.46121
AB055316
gi|226437631|ref|NM_001004339.2Homo sapiens zyg-11 homolog A (C. elegans) (ZYG11A), mRNA
0.46399
DC641070
gi|58331227|ref|NM_005223.3Homo sapiens deoxyribonuclease I (DNASE1), mRNA
0.46575
AB056428
gi|49574533|ref|NM_032782.3Homo sapiens hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), mRNA
0.46705
AB168577
gi|146260272|ref|NM_001085451.1Homo sapiens leukemia NUP98 fusion partner 1 (LNP1), mRNA
0.46891
AB048999
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
0.47824
AB174085
gi|142360382|ref|NM_176815.3Homo sapiens dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1), mRNA
0.49049
DC642335
gi|148491081|ref|NM_001343.2Homo sapiens-disabled homolog 2, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein (Drosophila) (DAB2), mRNA
0.4971
AB173771
gi|38176290|ref|NM_001233.3Homo sapiens caveolin 2 (CAV2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
0.49863
DW523198
gi|145312264|ref|NM_033266.3Homo sapiens endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2), mRNA
0.50158
AF492282
gi|52630343|ref|NM_021983.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4 (HLA-DRB4), mRNA
0.50533
AB047937
gi|194097480|ref|NM_020412.4Homo sapiens chromatin-modifying protein 1B (CHMP1B), mRNA
0.51198
AB179165
gi|118136291|ref|NM_006465.2Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain 3B (bright-like) (ARID3B), mRNA
0.51349
AJ585530
gi|75709168|ref|NM_002260.3Homo sapiens killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2 (KLRC2), mRNA
0.52335
AB170944
gi|40255250|ref|NM_144635.3Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 131, member A (FAM131A), mRNA
0.55244
AB171281
gi|154759258|ref|NM_003127.2Homo sapiens spectrin, alpha, nonerythrocytic 1 (alpha-fodrin) (SPTAN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.555
AB172429
gi|224994204|ref|NM_001145853.1Homo sapiens Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin) (WFS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.57755
AB171421
gi|110611175|ref|NM_000843.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6 (GRM6), mRNA
0.58226
AB096987
gi|239750853|ref|XR_079356.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100130855 (LOC100130855), miscRNA
0.59997
AB049000
gi|209977116|ref|NM_080872.2Homo sapiens unc-5 homolog D (C. elegans) (UNC5D), mRNA
0.60066
BB893759
gi|194018407|ref|NM_178148.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 35, member B2 (SLC35B2), mRNA
0.61849
AB056791
gi|162951883|ref|NM_014925.3Homo sapiens R3H domain-containing 2 (R3HDM2), mRNA
0.64652
AB070176
gi|221307501|ref|NM_001143976.1Homo sapiens WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) (WEE1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.64704
AB048962
gi|154146186|ref|NM_152634.2Homo sapiens transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing (TCEANC), mRNA
0.65673
DK578501
gi|24797073|ref|NM_033554.2Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1), mRNA
0.65963Table 3
Gene ontology of upregulated genes in Y-27632-treated TM cells.
Ontology
Term
Changed genes
Total genes
P value
Cellular component
Cell projection
31 (1)
331 (38)
0.0000306
Cellular component
Neuron projection
20 (6)
180 (28)
0.0000901
Cellular component
Cell projection part
17 (0)
142 (0)
0.000135
Biological process
Regulation of neurotransmitter levels
8 (0)
47 (2)
0.00148
Molecular function
Calcium channel regulator activity
4 (3)
11 (9)
0.00225
Cellular component
Presynaptic membrane
5 (5)
20 (20)
0.0024
Cellular component
Plasma membrane part
45 (0)
706 (2)
0.00259
Biological process
Synaptic transmission
16 (10)
170 (66)
0.00374
Molecular function
Channel regulator activity
5 (0)
23 (0)
0.00421
Biological process
Cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
21 (0)
255 (0)
0.00443
Biological process
L-Glutamate import
3 (3)
6 (4)
0.00456
Cellular component
Platelet alpha granule
5 (1)
24 (2)
0.00472
Biological process
Transmission of nerve impulse
17 (0)
189 (3)
0.00563
Molecular function
Anion:cation symporter activity
4 (0)
15 (0)
0.00565
Molecular function
Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
3 (3)
7 (7)
0.00585
Biological process
L-Amino acid import
3 (0)
7 (0)
0.00632
Biological process
Amino acid import
3 (0)
7 (0)
0.00632
Cellular component
Axon part
6 (0)
38 (2)
0.00665
Biological process
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle
8 (1)
62 (6)
0.00683
Molecular function
Anion transmembrane transporter activity
8 (0)
66 (5)
0.00813
Biological process
Cell-cell signaling
21 (4)
268 (74)
0.00841
Molecular function
High-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
2 (2)
2 (2)
0.00875
Cellular component
Cytoplasmic vesicle part
9 (0)
83 (2)
0.00918
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
2 (0)
2 (0)
0.00923
Biological process
Response to calcium ion
5 (4)
28 (25)
0.00969
Molecular function
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
5 (5)
29 (29)
0.00984
Biological process
Carboxylic acid transport
9 (0)
81 (1)
0.01005
Molecular function
Phosphatidylinositol binding
3 (3)
9 (9)
0.01012
Molecular function
Dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
3 (0)
9 (0)
0.01012
Biological process
Organic acid transport
9 (0)
82 (0)
0.01077
Biological process
Glutamate metabolic process
3 (0)
9 (4)
0.01091
Biological process
Dicarboxylic acid transport
3 (3)
9 (7)
0.01091
Cellular component
Axoneme
4 (2)
19 (5)
0.01104
Molecular function
Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
5 (5)
31 (31)
0.01251
Cellular component
Cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
4 (0)
20 (0)
0.01285
Cellular component
Platelet alpha granule lumen
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01285
Cellular component
Dendritic spine
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01285
Cellular component
Neuron spine
4 (0)
20 (0)
0.01285
Cellular component
Axon
9 (6)
89 (62)
0.01361
Cellular component
Neurofilament
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01394
Molecular function
Antioxidant activity
5 (2)
32 (12)
0.01401
Biological process
Rho protein signal transduction
7 (1)
57 (15)
0.01403
Molecular function
Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.0142
Biological process
ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01457
Cellular component
Vesicle lumen
4 (0)
21 (1)
0.01484
Biological process
D-Amino acid transport
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
D-Aspartate import
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01497
Biological process
D-Aspartate transport
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
Glutamate biosynthetic process
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01497
Biological process
2′-Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
Fatty acid transport
4 (1)
21 (6)
0.01681
Molecular function
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
5 (0)
34 (3)
0.01737
Biological process
Regulation of cell cycle process
6 (0)
47 (0)
0.01912
Biological process
Nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
8 (1)
76 (3)
0.0195
Molecular function
Transporter activity
34 (8)
556 (147)
0.01993
Molecular function
Monocarboxylic acid binding
4 (0)
23 (0)
0.02002
Cellular component
Neurofilament cytoskeleton
2 (0)
4 (1)
0.02037
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
3 (0)
12 (0)
0.02063
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
3 (0)
12 (0)
0.02063
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
2 (1)
4 (2)
0.02075
Molecular function
Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity
2 (2)
4 (4)
0.02075
Biological process
Regulation of secretion
8 (0)
77 (0)
0.0208
Biological process
Neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
2 (2)
4 (4)
0.02186
Biological process
Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process
2 (1)
4 (1)
0.02186
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
2 (0)
4 (1)
0.02186
Cellular component
Clathrin coat
4 (1)
24 (1)
0.02193
Biological process
Response to metal ion
8 (0)
78 (3)
0.02216
Cellular component
Transport vesicle membrane
3 (0)
13 (0)
0.02236
Biological process
Neurotransmitter metabolic process
3 (1)
13 (3)
0.02465
Biological process
Long-chain fatty acid transport
3 (2)
13 (4)
0.02465
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors
4 (0)
25 (0)
0.02549
Molecular function
Organic acid:sodium symporter activity
3 (0)
14 (0)
0.02707
Molecular function
Phosphoinositide binding
6 (2)
53 (30)
0.02738
Molecular function
Carboxylic acid binding
8 (0)
84 (5)
0.02754
Cellular component
MHC protein complex
4 (0)
26 (0)
0.02764
Molecular function
DNA topoisomerase type I activity
2 (2)
5 (5)
0.02831
Molecular function
Solute:sodium symporter activity
4 (0)
26 (0)
0.02853
Cellular component
Synapse
13 (10)
167 (116)
0.0289
Biological process
L-Amino acid transport
3 (0)
14 (1)
0.02906
Biological process
Cilium morphogenesis
3 (1)
14 (3)
0.02906
Cellular component
Secretory granule
8 (3)
86 (27)
0.02929
Biological process
Positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
2 (0)
5 (0)
0.0298
Biological process
Glutamate catabolic process
2 (0)
5 (0)
0.0298
Biological process
Sulfate transport
2 (2)
5 (5)
0.0298
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
2 (0)
5 (2)
0.0298
Cellular component
Endomembrane system
26 (1)
416 (14)
0.03019
Cellular component
External side of plasma membrane
6 (5)
55 (49)
0.03035
Cellular component
Plasma membrane
64 (48)
1224 (935)
0.03044
Cellular component
Endocytic vesicle membrane
3 (3)
15 (12)
0.03078
Cellular component
Clathrin coated vesicle membrane
4 (0)
27 (3)
0.0308
Cellular component
Intrinsic to organelle membrane
8 (0)
87 (0)
0.03095
Biological process
Regulation of rho protein signal transduction
5 (5)
39 (29)
0.03101
Biological process
Neurotransmitter secretion
4 (3)
26 (11)
0.03114
Cellular component
Synapse part
10 (0)
117 (2)
0.03187
Biological process
Vitamin transport
3 (1)
15 (1)
0.03386
Molecular function
Symporter activity
6 (6)
57 (44)
0.03631
Molecular function
Syntaxin-1 binding
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03678
Molecular function
Ion channel inhibitor activity
2 (1)
6 (2)
0.03678
Biological process
Cell communication
34 (4)
562 (40)
0.03717
Cellular component
Endocytic vesicle
4 (1)
29 (10)
0.03772
Biological process
Regulation of mitosis
4 (2)
28 (7)
0.03839
Biological process
Regulation of nuclear division
4 (0)
28 (0)
0.03839
Biological process
Response to inorganic substance
10 (1)
118 (8)
0.03843
Biological process
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
2 (2)
6 (5)
0.03869
Biological process
Interleukin-1 beta secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Interleukin-1 secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Cdc42 protein signal transduction
2 (1)
6 (3)
0.03869
Biological process
L-Phenylalanine catabolic process
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03869
Biological process
L-Phenylalanine metabolic process
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Tyrosine metabolic process
2 (0)
6 (1)
0.03869
Biological process
Multicellular organismal aging
2 (1)
6 (2)
0.03869
Biological process
Aspartate transport
2 (0)
6 (3)
0.03869
Biological process
Negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03869
Biological process
Neurofilament cytoskeleton organization
2 (1)
6 (5)
0.03869
Molecular function
Chloride ion binding
4 (4)
29 (29)
0.0389
Biological process
L-Glutamate transport
3 (0)
16 (7)
0.03904
Biological process
Platelet activation
3 (2)
16 (11)
0.03904
Biological process
Positive regulation of secretion
5 (0)
42 (1)
0.03976
Molecular function
Substrate-specific transporter activity
28 (0)
463 (0)
0.04034
Biological process
Nucleotide biosynthetic process
12 (0)
151 (7)
0.04052
Cellular component
Microtubule basal body
3 (3)
17 (17)
0.04062
Molecular function
Calcium-dependent protein binding
3 (3)
17 (17)
0.04164
Biological process
Anion transport
7 (0)
73 (10)
0.04185
Molecular function
Solute:cation symporter activity
5 (0)
44 (0)
0.04201
Biological process
Purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
7 (0)
74 (0)
0.0443
Biological process
Acidic amino acid transport
3 (0)
17 (0)
0.04461
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process
3 (0)
17 (1)
0.04461
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
3 (0)
17 (4)
0.04461
Cellular component
MHC class II protein complex
3 (3)
18 (18)
0.04607
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD, or NADP as acceptor
2 (0)
7 (2)
0.04608
Molecular function
Fatty acid transporter activity
2 (1)
7 (3)
0.04608
Molecular function
Channel inhibitor activity
2 (0)
7 (1)
0.04608
Molecular function
DNA topoisomerase activity
2 (1)
7 (2)
0.04608
Biological process
Regulation of cytokine production
7 (0)
75 (0)
0.04684
Molecular function
NADP or NADPH binding
3 (3)
18 (17)
0.04721
Biological process
Nucleobase, nucleoside, and Nucleotide biosynthetic process
12 (0)
157 (0)
0.04725
Biological process
Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid biosynthetic process
12 (0)
157 (0)
0.04725
Biological process
G1 phase
2 (1)
7 (1)
0.04845
Cellular component
Lamellipodium
4 (4)
32 (32)
0.04965
Cellular component
Transport vesicle
4 (1)
32 (11)
0.04965Table 4
Gene ontology of downregulated genes in Y-27632-treated TM cells.
Ontology
Term
Changed genes
Total genes
P value
Molecular function
Endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5′-phosphomonoesters
2 (0)
13 (0)
0.00279
Biological process
Antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
2 (2)
16 (14)
0.00421
Cellular component
MHC class II protein complex
2 (2)
18 (18)
0.00606
Molecular function
D-Dopachrome decarboxylase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Glucose 1-dehydrogenase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Deoxyribonuclease I activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Biological process
Olfactory behavior
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
1 (0)
1 (0)
0.01091
Biological process
3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate transport
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Negative regulation of neuron apoptosis
2 (2)
28 (28)
0.01148
Cellular component
MHC protein complex
2(0)
26(0)
0.01171
Molecular function
Toxin binding
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
C2H2 zinc finger domain binding
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Dopachrome isomerase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
6-Phosphogluconolactonase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Hedgehog receptor activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Dihydrofolate reductase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01594
Biological process
Cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Cytolysis of cells of another organism
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Disruption by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis of cells in other organism
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Killing by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Maintenance of mitochondrion location
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by organism of cell membrane in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host cell membrane
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host cellular component
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host structure
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification of cellular component in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification of structure of other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Caveola assembly
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Membrane raft assembly
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01632
Biological process
Chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
ncRNA catabolic process
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
rRNA catabolic process
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Purine nucleoside transport
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01632
Biological process
Striated muscle cell differentiation
2 (1)
38 (5)
0.0199
Biological process
Antigen processing and presentation
2 (2)
38 (32)
0.0199
Molecular function
Copper ion binding
2 (2)
39 (38)
0.01996
Molecular function
Endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5′-phosphomonoesters
1 (0)
3 (1)
0.0212
Cellular component
Membrane
24 (17)
2769 (1768)
0.02168
Biological process
Maintenance of organelle location
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Melanin biosynthetic process
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02171
Biological process
Melanin metabolic process
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
1 (1)
3 (1)
0.02171
Biological process
Multicellular organismal water homeostasis
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Renal water homeostasis
1 (1)
3 (1)
0.02171
Biological process
Positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02171
Biological process
Apoptosis
7 (3)
522 (189)
0.0221
Biological process
Programmed cell death
7 (0)
525 (2)
0.02273
Cellular component
Extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02347
Cellular component
Spectrin
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02347
Molecular function
Endonuclease activity
2 (2)
43 (30)
0.02378
Molecular function
Nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
1 (0)
4 (1)
0.02643
Biological process
Regulation of neuron apoptosis
2 (0)
45 (2)
0.02693
Biological process
Detection of visible light
1 (1)
4 (1)
0.02706
Biological process
Chemosensory behavior
1 (0)
4 (3)
0.02706
Biological process
Protein maturation by protein folding
1 (1)
4 (4)
0.02706
Biological process
Cellular chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
1 (1)
4 (2)
0.02706
Biological process
Mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly
1 (1)
4 (4)
0.02706
Biological process
Outer mitochondrial membrane organization
1 (0)
4 (0)
0.02706
Biological process
Glycine biosynthetic process
1 (1)
4 (2)
0.02706
Cellular component
Membrane part
21 (0)
2325 (1)
0.02771
Biological process
Cellular membrane organization
4 (0)
212 (30)
0.02909
Biological process
Membrane organization
4 (0)
212 (0)
0.02909
Biological process
Neuron apoptosis
2 (0)
48 (3)
0.03021
Biological process
Neuron death
2 (0)
48 (0)
0.03021
Biological process
Muscle cell differentiation
2 (0)
49 (1)
0.03134
Biological process
Disruption of cells of other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
5 (0)
0.03239
Biological process
Killing of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
5 (0)
0.03239
Biological process
Water homeostasis
1 (0)
5 (1)
0.03239
Biological process
Endoplasmic reticulum organization
1 (1)
5 (5)
0.03239
Biological process
Membrane raft organization
1 (0)
5 (1)
0.03239
Biological process
Pinocytosis
1 (1)
5 (2)
0.03239
Biological process
Nucleoside transport
1 (0)
5 (2)
0.03239
Biological process
Response to light stimulus
2 (0)
51 (8)
0.03364
Biological process
Cell death
7 (0)
578 (68)
0.03597
Biological process
Vesicle-mediated transport
5 (2)
336 (120)
0.03622
Biological process
Death
7 (0)
579 (0)
0.03626
Biological process
Positive regulation of signaling pathway
3 (0)
133 (0)
0.03743
Biological process
Modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology
1 (0)
6 (0)
0.03769
Biological process
ER overload response
1 (1)
6 (5)
0.03769
Biological process
Regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
1 (0)
6 (1)
0.03769
Molecular function
Actin binding
3 (3)
139 (121)
0.0394
Cellular component
HOPS complex
1 (1)
6 (6)
0.04072
Molecular function
Intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
1 (0)
7 (0)
0.04196
Biological process
Detection of light stimulus
1 (0)
7 (0)
0.04296
Biological process
Metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
1 (1)
7 (4)
0.04296
Biological process
Regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
1 (1)
7 (2)
0.04296
Cellular component
Internal side of plasma membrane
1 (0)
7 (4)
0.04641
Molecular function
Scavenger receptor activity
1 (1)
8 (8)
0.04708
Biological process
Interaction with symbiont
1 (0)
8 (1)
0.0482
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology
1 (0)
8 (0)
0.0482
Biological process
Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
1 (0)
8 (4)
0.0482
Biological process
Positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
1 (0)
8 (4)
0.0482
Biological process
Positive regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
1 (0)
8 (0)
0.0482
Biological process
Synaptic transmission, GABAergic
1 (0)
8 (1)
0.0482
Biological process
Actin filament capping
1 (1)
8 (6)
0.0482
Biological process
Pentose-phosphate shunt
1 (1)
8 (7)
0.0482
Biological process
Calcium ion transport
2 (1)
63 (41)
0.04876
Cellular component
Intrinsic to membrane
17 (0)
1867 (20)
0.0491Figure 1
(a) Quantitative PCR analysis of catalase mRNA. The TM cells were treated with 25μM Y-27632 for 30 min. The relative expression level of catalase of samples treated with Y-27632 was compared to that of the control sample using the comparative CT method (ΔΔCT method). The 18S ribosomal RNA was used as an endogenous control. Data are shown as mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with control by Wilcoxon rank sum test. (b) The effects of Y-27632 on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The TM cells were treated with or without 25 μM Y-27632 for 30 min, followed by 100 μM menadione stimulated for 1 h. ROS were detected by CellROX reagent, and the fluorescence of the TM cells were measured by cell sorter SH800. Data are shown as mean ± SE from five independent experiments. ∗∗P<0.01 and ∗P<0.05 compared with control by the Wilcoxon rank sum test (a) and Tukey Kramer HSD test (b).
(a)
(b)


### 3.2. Effects of Y-27632 on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in TM Cells

To assess the effects of Y-27632 on the production of ROS in TM cells, we utilized a fluorogenic probe that exhibits bright fluorescence upon oxidation by ROS. In the absence of an oxidative reagent, the fluorescence intensity was not significantly different in TM cells treated with Y-27632 compared to control (3673.2 ± 452.3 versus 5104.5 ± 735.0; Figure1(b)). In the presence of 100 μM menadione, the fluorescence intensity was significantly elevated (16097.7 ± 1133.0; P<0.0001); this elevation was partly suppressed by treatment with Y-27632 (11443.6 ± 1332.2; P=0.0182), suggesting that Y-27632 reduces ROS production in TM cells under oxidative stress.


### 3.3. Effects of Y-27632 on the Viability of TM Cells under Oxidative Stress

Finally, we investigated the effects of Y-27632 on the viability of TM cells under oxidative stress. As shown in Figure2(a), menadione reduced TM cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At a lower dose of menadione, Y-27632-stimulated TM cells regained significant viability against menadione treatment compared to control cells (P=0.0238). In contrast, the effects of Y-27632 on cell viability were not significant at a higher dose of menadione.Figure 2
(a) The effect of Y-27632 on oxidative stress-induced cell death. The TM cells were treated with or without 25μM Y-27632 for 30 min, followed by menadione stimulation of the cells for 24 h. Cell viabilities were shown as relative value compared with the control. Data are shown as the mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with control by Wilcoxon rank sum test. (b) The effect of Y-27632 on extracellular antioxidative activity. The xanthine-oxidase-induced superoxide production was assessed using a superoxide-sensitive luminescent reagent. Data are shown as the mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with the control by Dunnett’s test. Nac: n-acetyl cysteine.
(a)
(b)


### 3.4. Direct Antioxidant Activity of Y-27632

To confirm the extracellular antioxidant activity of Y-27632, we assessed xanthine oxidase-induced superoxide production using a luminescent reagent. As shown in Figure2(b), there was no significant difference in ROS production between the control and Y-27632 treatment. Thus, Y-27632 does not appear to affect extracellular oxidants.


## 3.1. Microarray Expression Profile in Y-27632-Treated TM Cells

Among the 12,613 genes analyzed by microarray, the affected genes are listed in Tables1 and 2; 444 genes were upregulated, and 56 were downregulated. Significantly upregulated and downregulated gene categories based on gene ontology analysis in Y-27632 treated TM cells are listed in Tables 3 and 4. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were related to various cellular functions including antioxidant activity (P=0.014), and downregulated genes were related to integrin complexes (P=0.039), and calcium ion transport into the cytosol (P=0.008). In the category of antioxidant activity, upregulated genes were homologous to human gene coding catalase (P=0.046), thioredoxin domain-containing 2 (also known as spermatozoa; P=0.032), nucleoredoxin (P=0.017), albumin (probe 1, P=0.002; probe 2, P=0.021), and glutathione transferase zeta 1 (P=0.004). Upregulation of the mRNA of catalase, an extensively investigated antioxidant, was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and found to be 1.5 times higher in TM cells treated with Y-27632 compared to the control TM cells (P=0.032; Figure 1(a)). In contrast, four other genes involved in antioxidant activity were not significantly affected after treatment with Y-27632 (data not shown).Table 1
Genes that are upregulated in TM cells.
Accession number
Human RefSeq description
Fold change
DW528016
gi|75750485|ref|NM_004773.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, HIT type 3 (ZNHIT3), mRNA
6.79928
CJ434702
gi|20986504|ref|NM_002753.2Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (MAPK10), transcript variant 1, mRNA
5.85538
AB168851
gi|224586874|ref|NM_033124.4Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 65 (CCDC65), mRNA
5.77453
AB169150
gi|223555972|ref|NR_026827.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC84856 (LOC84856), noncoding RNA
5.01086
DW523643
gi|225903398|ref|NM_001146152.1Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP51A1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
4.6977
AK240630
gi|4503754|ref|NM_002021.1Homo sapiens flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1), mRNA
4.64946
BB894083
gi|154689768|ref|NM_020840.1Homo sapiens folliculin-interacting protein 2 (FNIP2), mRNA
4.52052
AB168218
gi|85060516|ref|NM_199321.2Homo sapiens zona pellucida-binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
4.20286
AB168199
gi|156523965|ref|NM_001102470.1Homo sapiens alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V) (ADH6), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.89514
AB172502
gi|50897849|ref|NM_001001936.1Homo sapiens actin filament-associated protein 1-like 2 (AFAP1L2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.84241
CJ448047
gi|46909588|ref|NM_002731.2Homo sapiens protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta (PRKACB), transcript variant 2, mRNA
3.75324
DC857227
gi|239752603|ref|XM_002348257.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 (LOC100294459), mRNA
3.66898
CJ449582
gi|9506614|ref|NM_019023.1Homo sapiens protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7), mRNA
3.64058
EF208813
gi|24797075|ref|NM_002121.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1), mRNA
3.57386
DQ417745
gi|194,248,050|ref|NM_000839.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2 (GRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.5509
AB049894
gi|66571326|ref|NM_020914.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 213 (RNF213), mRNA
3.51068
DC850932
gi|117676364|ref|NM_014350.2Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.47535
BB877436
gi|142360165|ref|NM_005123.2Homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 (NR1H4), mRNA
3.46906
AB174726
gi|22208962|ref|NM_016150.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ASB2), mRNA
3.30479
AB174122
gi|209862773|ref|NM_002483.4Homo sapiens carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) (CEACAM6), mRNA
3.27904
AB173773
gi|38569483|ref|NM_017641.2Homo sapiens kinesin family member 21A (KIF21A), mRNA
3.26679
DK578446
gi|15718677|ref|NM_033257.2Homo sapiens DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6 like (DGCR6L), mRNA
3.26114
AB168950
gi|38261961|ref|NM_018179.3Homo sapiens activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein (ATF7IP), mRNA
3.25607
CJ488707
gi|45333915|ref|NM_178456.2Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 85 (C20orf85), mRNA
3.24156
DC639327
gi|154800442|ref|NM_005074.3Homo sapiens solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1 (SLC17A1), mRNA
3.23693
BB895966
gi|32483409|ref|NM_000583.2Homo sapiens group-specific component (vitamin D-binding protein) (GC), mRNA
3.22662
DQ417744
gi|194248050|ref|NM_000839.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2 (GRM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.1862
AB168486
gi|195972893|ref|NM_152764.2Homo sapiens chromosome 16 open reading frame 73 (C16orf73), mRNA
3.17552
AB047624
gi|45446748|ref|NM_004984.2Homo sapiens kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A), mRNA
3.1749
CJ446015
gi|187761371|ref|NM_004044.5Homo sapiens 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC), mRNA
3.17026
AB171508
gi|89276768|ref|NM_002747.3Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4), mRNA
3.12296
DC639656
gi|148596946|ref|NM_001098483.1Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 125 (C10orf125), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.11887
AB048996
gi|211938419|ref|NM_002898.3Homo sapiens RNA-binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2 (RBMS2), mRNA
3.11444
DC630823
gi|215422360|ref|NM_004786.2Homo sapiens thioredoxin-like 1 (TXNL1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.09601
AB173283
gi|197927150|ref|NM_006158.3Homo sapiens neurofilament, light polypeptide (NEFL), mRNA
3.09117
DC633065
gi|34486089|ref|NM_004152.2Homo sapiens ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1), mRNA
3.0599
AB174730
gi|115387109|ref|NM_017831.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 125 (RNF125), mRNA
3.03611
AB046044
gi|170650673|ref|NM_000440.2Homo sapiens phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha (PDE6A), mRNA
3.03568
AB179171
gi|82546851|ref|NM_175605.3Homo sapiens intraflagellar transport 88 homolog (Chlamydomonas) (IFT88), transcript variant 1, mRNA
3.029
AB051155
gi|35493712|ref|NM_017890.3Homo sapiens vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast) (VPS13B), transcript variant 5, mRNA
3.00764
AB072740
gi|155029549|ref|NM_178828.4Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 79 (C9orf79), mRNA
3.00753
BB881371
gi|162809333|ref|NM_002864.2Homo sapiens pregnancy-zone protein (PZP), mRNA
2.99069
CJ463711
gi|215272411|ref|NM_001142334.1Homo sapiens ataxin 2-binding protein 1 (A2BP1), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.98758
AB170648
gi|5174424|ref|NM_006052.1Homo sapiens Down syndrome critical region gene 3 (DSCR3), mRNA
2.9606
AB220465
gi|58331245|ref|NM_000817.2Homo sapiens glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67 kDa) (GAD1), transcript variant GAD67, mRNA
2.95173
AB062990
gi|33149330|ref|NM_022463.3Homo sapiens nucleoredoxin (NXN), mRNA
2.94787
AB220509
gi|139394620|ref|NM_006574.3Homo sapiens chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (neuroglycan C) (CSPG5), mRNA
2.92569
AB070086
gi|22538813|ref|NM_002985.2Homo sapiens chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), mRNA
2.92446
AB173147
gi|194294550|ref|NM_015989.4Homo sapiens cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), mRNA
2.91509
AB051133
gi|28329444|ref|NM_014379.2Homo sapiens potassium channel, subfamily V, member 1 (KCNV1), mRNA
2.87085
AB174705
gi|51477720|ref|NM_001003811.1Homo sapiens testis-expressed 11 (TEX11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.86731
CJ469703
gi|169646771|ref|NM_002064.2Homo sapiens glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) (GLRX), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.85957
AB220438
gi|109633045|ref|NM_001042437.1Homo sapiens ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 (ST3GAL5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.85364
BB881475
gi|170650673|ref|NM_000440.2Homo sapiens phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha (PDE6A), mRNA
2.84456
AB168610
gi|62632749|ref|NM_014616.1Homo sapiens ATPase, class VI, type 11B (ATP11B), mRNA
2.84449
AB173806
gi|134031964|ref|NR_003491.1Homo sapiens myocardial infarction associated transcript (nonprotein coding) (MIAT), noncoding RNA
2.82677
AB063045
gi|190570175|ref|NM_152906.4Homo sapiens chromosome 22 open reading frame 25 (C22orf25), mRNA
2.80672
AB168446
gi|223278411|ref|NR_026782.1Homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 175 (C1orf175), transcript variant 2, transcribed RNA
2.79215
CJ473171
gi|215490055|ref|NM_001142434.1Homo sapiens meningioma-expressed antigen 5 (hyaluronidase) (MGEA5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.78342
CJ450383
gi|83641894|ref|NM_031157.2Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.78321
DW528650
gi|58430810|ref|NM_148912.2Homo sapiens abhydrolase domain-containing 11 (ABHD11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.77238
AB362499
gi|48255911|ref|NM_012338.3Homo sapiens tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12), mRNA
2.76878
AB173195
gi|196049386|ref|NM_002198.2Homo sapiens interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), mRNA
2.76544
AB168743
gi|188536107|ref|NM_001127458.1Homo sapiens cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.76042
CJ444006
gi|157151724|ref|NM_001004333.3Homo sapiens ribonuclease, RNase K (RNASEK), mRNA
2.75719
DK583186
gi|156631002|ref|NM_006913.3Homo sapiens ring finger protein 5 (RNF5), mRNA
2.75394
AB168582
gi|239757151|ref|XM_002345145.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100292623 (LOC100292623), mRNA
2.75285
BB884235
gi|70906436|ref|NM_000509.4Homo sapiens fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), transcript variant gamma-A, mRNA
2.74831
AB070088
gi|148613875|ref|NM_144715.3Homo sapiens EF-hand domain family, member B (EFHB), mRNA
2.74738
AB174502
gi|239757416|ref|XM_002345385.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2019710 (LOC100294049), mRNA
2.73964
AB172306
gi|196162714|ref|NM_024786.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, DHHC-type-containing 11 (ZDHHC11), mRNA
2.72049
BB878691
gi|19743563|ref|NM_000766.3Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 13 (CYP2A13), mRNA
2.72031
AB174483
gi|55775474|ref|NM_194326.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S19-binding protein 1 (RPS19BP1), mRNA
2.68579
DC632651
gi|22538474|ref|NM_018955.2Homo sapiens ubiquitin B (UBB), mRNA
2.66418
AB168353
gi|197927266|ref|NM_004388.2Homo sapiens chitobiase, di-N-acetyl (CTBS), mRNA
2.64444
AB169323
gi|156616291|ref|NM_018100.3Homo sapiens EF-hand domain (C-terminal)-containing 1 (EFHC1), mRNA
2.6433
AB048961
gi|209413742|ref|NM_005458.6Homo sapiens gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2 (GABBR2), mRNA
2.63945
AB173162
gi|73747880|ref|NM_015113.3Homo sapiens zinc finger, ZZ-type with EF-hand domain 1 (ZZEF1), mRNA
2.63631
AB179192
gi|237681201|ref|NM_019644.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 7 (ANKRD7), mRNA
2.62211
CJ469417
gi|169790802|ref|NM_005271.2Homo sapiens glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), mRNA
2.62134
AB172772
gi|61835190|ref|NM_006578.3Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), beta 5 (GNB5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.61592
DC857715
gi|169234652|ref|NM_007360.2Homo sapiens killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1 (KLRK1), mRNA
2.6139
AB179131
gi|40807356|ref|NM_005094.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 4 (SLC27A4), mRNA
2.61058
DC647811
gi|92091576|ref|NM_015533.3Homo sapiens dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (DAK), mRNA
2.60217
AB171456
gi|197927256|ref|NM_001134664.1Homo sapiens sterile alpha motif domain-containing 13 (SAMD13), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.59522
CJ490832
gi|169205007|ref|XM_001714899.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC100131988 (LOC100131988), mRNA
2.58063
DC635714
gi|57013275|ref|NM_006082.2Homo sapiens tubulin, alpha 1b (TUBA1B), mRNA
2.57848
AB055358
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.57079
CJ458955
gi|197382308|ref|NM_183394.2Homo sapiens Ca++-dependent secretion activator (CADPS), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.55777
DC636940
gi|54112387|ref|NM_001005738.1Homo sapiens formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.54881
CJ493104
gi|56676323|ref|NM_001001552.3Homo sapiens LEM domain-containing 1 (LEMD1), mRNA
2.5487
AB172122
gi|239754513|ref|XM_001716238.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC100128081 (LOC100128081), mRNA
2.54837
CJ469678
gi|197304748|ref|NM_032727.3Homo sapiens internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha (INA), mRNA
2.53491
AB070172
gi|32490571|ref|NM_012307.2Homo sapiens erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3), mRNA
2.52667
DW528013
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.52479
AB171587
gi|161169016|ref|NM_001111019.1Homo sapiens neuron navigator 2 (NAV2), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.5209
BB888693
gi|49574509|ref|NM_016013.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, assembly factor 1 (NDUFAF1), mRNA
2.51576
BB897871
gi|207113180|ref|NM_001097577.2Homo sapiens angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 (ANG), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.50309
AB168153
gi|222352148|ref|NM_018665.2Homo sapiens DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 43 (DDX43), mRNA
2.50236
AB173823
gi|148225856|ref|NM_001097579.1Homo sapiens G protein-coupled receptor 34 (GPR34), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.49912
AB168907
gi|194688136|ref|NM_002358.3Homo sapiens MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast) (MAD2L1), mRNA
2.49825
DK583616
gi|18390348|ref|NM_000972.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L7a (RPL7A), mRNA
2.49444
CJ471599
gi|197245445|ref|NM_024958.2Homo sapiens neurensin 2 (NRSN2), mRNA
2.49281
AB179111
gi|118572587|ref|NM_001761.2Homo sapiens cyclin F (CCNF), mRNA
2.49071
AB060886
gi|23199979|ref|NM_022470.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, matrin type 3 (ZMAT3), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.48362
AB056810
gi|126131101|ref|NM_138694.3Homo sapiens polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive) (PKHD1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.48299
DC645529
gi|4501988|ref|NM_001134.1Homo sapiens alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mRNA
2.46808
AB050420
gi|189095267|ref|NM_000554.4Homo sapiens cone-rod homeobox (CRX), mRNA
2.45627
AB243403
gi|116235483|ref|NM_002701.4Homo sapiens POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.4534
AB173020
gi|94420687|ref|NM_004233.3Homo sapiens CD83 molecule (CD83), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.44967
DC643036
gi|50409862|ref|NM_017584.5Homo sapiens myoinositol oxygenase (MIOX), mRNA
2.44791
BB897024
gi|142976728|ref|NM_016245.3Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 11 (HSD17B11), mRNA
2.43894
DW522619
gi|34147617|ref|NM_138807.2Homo sapiens chromosome 3 open reading frame 31 (C3orf31), mRNA
2.43416
DC645828
gi|16332359|ref|NM_033487.1Homo sapiens cell division cycle 2-like 1 (PITSLRE proteins) (CDC2L1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.43092
AB050260
gi|203098333|ref|NM_032133.4Homo sapiens MYCBP-associated protein (MYCBPAP), mRNA
2.41286
CJ436262
gi|150010638|ref|NM_015276.1Homo sapiens ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22), mRNA
2.39886
AB056381
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
2.39471
CJ443349
gi|83367079|ref|NM_003801.3Homo sapiens glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment protein 1 homolog (yeast) (GPAA1), mRNA
2.39333
AB171767
gi|126273571|ref|NM_144586.5Homo sapiens LY6/PLAUR domain-containing 1 (LYPD1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.393
AB056817
gi|58535452|ref|NM_001011649.1Homo sapiens CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.39285
AB174345
gi|145208007|ref|NM_173688.2Homo sapiens Na+/K+-transporting ATPase interacting 3 (NKAIN3), mRNA
2.39236
DC648733
gi|134133239|ref|NM_032151.4Homo sapiens pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2 (PCBD2), mRNA
2.39231
CJ435057
gi|189083855|ref|NM_000815.4Homo sapiens gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, delta (GABRD), mRNA
2.38598
AB172049
gi|41281366|ref|NM_001440.2Homo sapiens exostoses (multiple)-like 3 (EXTL3), mRNA
2.37312
CJ489397
gi|71143136|ref|NM_005342.2Homo sapiens high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3), mRNA
2.36471
AB170096
gi|42741653|ref|NM_007375.3Homo sapiens TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP), mRNA
2.36217
AB056391
gi|169216999|ref|XM_001720515.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to pro-pol protein (LOC100129323), mRNA
2.3496
AB071089
gi|167900475|ref|NM_001080850.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 30 (CCDC30), mRNA
2.34558
DK579603
gi|84626579|ref|NM_025108.2Homo sapiens chromosome 16 open reading frame 59 (C16orf59), mRNA
2.34371
CJ431113
gi|226246632|ref|NR_027451.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC647979 (LOC647979), noncoding RNA
2.34265
DK580610
gi|34335291|ref|NM_003312.4Homo sapiens thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) (TST), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.3426
AB168450
gi|81295815|ref|NM_012337.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 19 (CCDC19), mRNA
2.34063
DQ159931
gi|163659857|ref|NM_000828.4Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, ionotrophic, AMPA 3 (GRIA3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.33939
AB173516
gi|36287116|ref|NM_014319.3Homo sapiens LEM domain-containing 3 (LEMD3), mRNA
2.33925
AB173575
gi|56550100|ref|NM_020978.3Homo sapiens amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic) (AMY2B), mRNA
2.33548
AB169015
gi|93277104|ref|NM_173812.4Homo sapiens dpy-19-like 2 (C. elegans) (DPY19L2), mRNA
2.33006
BB898675
gi|70906438|ref|NM_021870.2Homo sapiens fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), transcript variant gamma-B, mRNA
2.32385
DK579646
gi|153791317|ref|NM_032332.3Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase organizer 1 (MORG1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.32308
AB071115
gi|111548669|ref|NM_153376.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 96 (CCDC96), mRNA
2.31559
DC632824
gi|23110926|ref|NM_002799.2Homo sapiens proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 7 (PSMB7), mRNA
2.31501
BB896362
gi|188595719|ref|NM_005141.3Homo sapiens fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), mRNA
2.3131
AB292416
gi|143770740|ref|NM_001083899.1Homo sapiens glycoprotein VI (platelet) (GP6), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.311
AB055350
gi|67782353|ref|NM_001024844.1Homo sapiens CD82 molecule (CD82), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.31014
AB168962
gi|210147405|ref|NM_152621.5Homo sapiens sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.30806
AB168166
gi|156415985|ref|NM_014579.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 2 (SLC39A2), mRNA
2.30287
AB172981
gi|73695942|ref|NM_001010927.2Homo sapiens T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.29903
CJ441025
gi|153252025|ref|NM_001830.3Homo sapiens chloride channel 4 (CLCN4), mRNA
2.29786
CJ445440
gi|42764686|ref|NM_022652.2Homo sapiens dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.29536
AB179072
gi|156119614|ref|NM_006901.2Homo sapiens myosin IXA (MYO9A), mRNA
2.28584
AB060229
gi|239756940|ref|XM_001718053.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to CD300C antigen (LOC100130520), mRNA
2.28415
CJ480802
gi|71772428|ref|NM_001021.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S17 (RPS17), mRNA
2.28212
DK581053
gi|63054873|ref|NM_001615.3Homo sapiens actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric (ACTG2), mRNA
2.27782
AB046030
gi|169210010|ref|XR_040492.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC440386 (LOC440386), miscRNA
2.27371
AB174638
gi|44680147|ref|NM_203327.1Homo sapiens solute carrier family 23 (nucleobase transporters), member 2 (SLC23A2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.2635
CJ469779
gi|95147340|ref|NM_004603.2Homo sapiens syntaxin 1A (brain) (STX1A), mRNA
2.25959
DC632108
gi|225637497|ref|NR_003286.2Homo sapiens 18S ribosomal RNA (LOC100008588), noncoding RNA
2.25815
AB170956
gi|65506441|ref|NM_000282.2Homo sapiens propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, alpha polypeptide (PCCA), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.25785
DC858184
gi|13569959|ref|NM_030980.1Homo sapiens interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa-like 2 (ISG20L2), mRNA
2.25755
CJ470090
gi|169790838|ref|NM_004172.4Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 (SLC1A3), mRNA
2.24996
DW522847
gi|215983055|ref|NM_031471.5Homo sapiens fermitin family homolog 3 (Drosophila) (FERMT3), transcript variant URP2SF, mRNA
2.23483
DK577957
gi|186910295|ref|NM_001126102.1Homo sapiens haptoglobin (HP), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.23107
AB168531
gi|162951880|ref|NM_001112707.1Homo sapiens tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2), transcript variant B, mRNA
2.22872
AB047603
gi|149363673|ref|NM_012194.1Homo sapiens chromosome 11 open reading frame 41 (C11orf41), mRNA
2.22681
DC642489
gi|66392201|ref|NM_002512.2Homo sapiens nonmetastatic cells 2, protein (NM23B) expressed in (NME2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.22176
AB072760
gi|91754184|ref|NM_152763.3Homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 62 (C1orf62), mRNA
2.2183
AB168708
gi|36287109|ref|NM_194429.1Homo sapiens FGFR1 oncogene partner (FGFR1OP), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.21393
AB168136
gi|93004101|ref|NM_005730.3Homo sapiens CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 2 (CTDSP2), mRNA
2.20887
DC641033
gi|108389126|ref|NM_001042353.1Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 110, member A (FAM110A), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.20687
CJ453010
gi|19743893|ref|NM_133480.1Homo sapiens transcriptional adaptor 3 (NGG1 homolog, yeast)-like (TADA3L), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.20608
AB168419
gi|32996736|ref|NM_173083.2Homo sapiens lin-9 homolog (C. elegans) (LIN9), mRNA
2.20292
AB169251
gi|148727318|ref|NM_001098529.1Homo sapiens thioredoxin domain-containing 2 (spermatozoa) (TXNDC2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.2019
AB173492
gi|31542657|ref|NM_018099.3Homo sapiens fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 (FAR2), mRNA
2.20171
CJ443285
gi|62955828|ref|NM_033428.1Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 123 (C9orf123), mRNA
2.19894
AB169808
gi|20336295|ref|NM_018380.2Homo sapiens DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 28 (DDX28), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.1907
AB169213
gi|125625349|ref|NM_001790.3Homo sapiens cell division cycle 25 homolog C (S. pombe) (CDC25C), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.18403
CJ491693
gi|21361889|ref|NM_021633.2Homo sapiens Kelch-like 12 (Drosophila) (KLHL12), mRNA
2.1801
BB876451
gi|109389366|ref|NM_000312.2Homo sapiens protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa) (PROC), mRNA
2.17421
AB171871
gi|153070253|ref|NM_001099680.1Homo sapiens MAGI family member, X-linked (MAGIX), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.17287
AB173097
gi|198041927|ref|NM_139241.2Homo sapiens FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing 4 (FGD4), mRNA
2.16791
AB046632
gi|136255215|ref|NM_207351.3Homo sapiens proline-rich transmembrane protein 3 (PRRT3), mRNA
2.16598
DK577943
gi|84872083|ref|NR_002798.1Homo sapiens napsin B aspartic peptidase pseudogene (NAPSB), noncoding RNA
2.16578
AB168792
gi|141802709|ref|NM_145263.2Homo sapiens spermatogenesis associated 18 homolog (rat) (SPATA18), mRNA
2.16491
BB881148
gi|189458840|ref|NM_005942.3Homo sapiens molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1 (MOCS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.16393
CJ472360
gi|24497456|ref|NM_139136.2Homo sapiens potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 2 (KCNC2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.15994
CJ430900
gi|94721262|ref|NM_001040446.1Homo sapiens myotubularin-related protein 12 (MTMR12), mRNA
2.15957
AB171550
gi|19913413|ref|NM_014203.2Homo sapiens adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit (AP2A1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.1589
AB173954
gi|188595678|ref|NM_014959.2Homo sapiens caspase recruitment domain family, member 8 (CARD8), mRNA
2.13719
AB071125
gi|89903024|ref|NM_001031735.2Homo sapiens chromosome 19 open reading frame 36 (C19orf36), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.13665
AB063014
gi|170650671|ref|NM_001122769.1Homo sapiens Leber congenital amaurosis 5 (LCA5), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.13524
DC631520
gi|189163527|ref|NM_001127700.1Homo sapiens serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1 (SERPINA1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.1306
AY742821
gi|59806358|ref|NM_006011.3Homo sapiens ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (ST8SIA2), mRNA
2.12885
AK240628
gi|160298141|ref|NM_000668.4Homo sapiens alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide (ADH1B), mRNA
2.12458
AB174195
gi|30794215|ref|NM_030961.1Homo sapiens tripartite motif-containing 56 (TRIM56), mRNA
2.12446
DC646861
gi|91807120|ref|NM_033087.3Homo sapiens asparagine-linked glycosylation 2, alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ALG2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.12291
AY650365
gi|27436932|ref|NM_172337.1Homo sapiens orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.11514
DW527197
gi|219555668|ref|NM_052855.3Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 40 (ANKRD40), mRNA
2.115
AB171287
gi|188497721|ref|NM_001127385.1Homo sapiens cortexin 3 (CTXN3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.11438
AB173764
gi|219879811|ref|NM_005475.2Homo sapiens SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3), mRNA
2.10791
DK582787
gi|221316657|ref|NM_004811.2Homo sapiens leupaxin (LPXN), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.10555
AB070128
gi|217416373|ref|NM_145038.2Homo sapiens chromosome 2 open reading frame 39 (C2orf39), mRNA
2.10225
AB070165
gi|226491198|ref|NM_182496.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 38 (CCDC38), mRNA
2.10075
DK577398
gi|52426772|ref|NM_002122.3Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1 (HLA-DQA1), mRNA
2.09004
AB169904
gi|34147601|ref|NM_004309.3Homo sapiens rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha (ARHGDIA), mRNA
2.08484
AB220503
gi|237681178|ref|NM_001160260.1Homo sapiens cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.08434
AB173401
gi|239750034|ref|XR_039406.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to yippee-like 5 (Drosophila) (LOC100132562), miscRNA
2.08407
AB171785
gi|253970447|ref|NM_014253.3Homo sapiens odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 1(Drosophila) (ODZ1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
2.08184
AB171491
gi|117938287|ref|NM_004171.3Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (SLC1A2), mRNA
2.08087
AB174571
gi|182765446|ref|NM_001031711.2Homo sapiens endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) 1 (ERGIC1), mRNA
2.07886
AB063092
gi|34577113|ref|NM_015576.1Homo sapiens ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 (ERC2), mRNA
2.07171
AB056378
gi|189163523|ref|NM_033064.4Homo sapiens ataxia, cerebellar, Cayman type (ATCAY), mRNA
2.06758
AB055299
gi|163644324|ref|NM_001112732.1Homo sapiens MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like (MCF2L), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.06139
AB172748
gi|119220563|ref|NM_004852.2Homo sapiens one cut homeobox 2 (ONECUT2), mRNA
2.05909
AB172478
gi|239746981|ref|XR_078603.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to putative p150 (LOC100288106), miscRNA
2.05792
AB170807
gi|236459850|ref|NM_173569.3Homo sapiens ubinuclein 2 (UBN2), mRNA
2.05471
EF208824
gi|239740919|ref|XM_002344047.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, transcript variant 2 (LOC100294318), mRNA
2.05031
AB169481
gi|150417992|ref|NM_033312.2Homo sapiens CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) (CDC14A), transcript variant 2, mRNA
2.04992
AB171520
gi|56243494|ref|NM_004586.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 3 (RPS6KA3), mRNA
2.0465
DC629151
gi|215982788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
2.04345
DC640591
gi|208609965|ref|NM_001135664.1Homo sapiens RAB7, member RAS oncogene family-like 1 (RAB7L1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
2.04167
BB887273
gi|215,982,788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
2.0414
CJ435276
gi|75,812,975|ref|NM_001033574.1Homo sapiens archaelysin family metallopeptidase 2 (AMZ2), transcript variant 6, mRNA
2.04064
DC643114
gi|33519462|ref|NM_004544.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42 kDa (NDUFA10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
2.03575
CJ436048
gi|62865867|ref|NM_004102.3Homo sapiens fatty acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart (mammary-derived growth inhibitor) (FABP3), mRNA
2.03528
AB179303
gi|196162694|ref|NM_003401.3Homo sapiens X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 4 (XRCC4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
2.03322
AB171313
gi|146219840|ref|NM_020709.1Homo sapiens PNMA-like 2 (PNMAL2), mRNA
2.02925
AB173369
gi|149363694|ref|NM_001009984.1Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 194 (C20orf194), mRNA
2.01079
AB171481
gi|18496982|ref|NM_015526.1Homo sapiens CAP-GLY domain-containing linker protein 3 (CLIP3), mRNA
2.00151
AB174068
gi|84872123|ref|NR_002833.1Homo sapiens dpy-19-like 2 pseudogene 1 (C. elegans) (DPY19L2P1), noncoding RNA
1.99958
AB050434
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.99905
DK577438
gi|88999575|ref|NM_002622.4Homo sapiens prefoldin subunit 1 (PFDN1), mRNA
1.99519
AB172315
gi|239753426|ref|XR_038411.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 (LOC646973), miscRNA
1.99372
BB895222
gi|38372939|ref|NM_001185.2Homo sapiens alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding (AZGP1), mRNA
1.99214
AB173728
gi|111154086|ref|NM_020631.3Homo sapiens pleckstrin homology domain-containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5 (PLEKHG5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.98959
DC647709
gi|28416926|ref|NM_002560.2Homo sapiens purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4 (P2RX4), mRNA
1.98692
AB048919
gi|156766083|ref|NM_031418.2Homo sapiens anoctamin 3 (ANO3), mRNA
1.98684
AB179103
gi|18860913|ref|NM_021818.2Homo sapiens salvador homolog 1 (Drosophila) (SAV1), mRNA
1.97681
AB046073
gi|118498342|ref|NM_014861.2Homo sapiens ATPase, Ca++ transporting, type 2C, member 2 (ATP2C2), mRNA
1.97604
AB172144
gi|190341103|ref|NM_015163.5Homo sapiens tripartite motif-containing 9 (TRIM9), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.97599
DK583369
gi|171460955|ref|NM_005800.4Homo sapiens ubiquitin-specific peptidase like 1 (USPL1), mRNA
1.9752
AB174098
gi|110815799|ref|NM_024345.3Homo sapiens DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 10 (DCAF10), mRNA
1.97309
DW526268
gi|31083173|ref|NM_181078.1Homo sapiens interleukin 21 receptor (IL21R), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.97258
AB171701
gi|20544144|ref|NM_139062.1Homo sapiens casein kinase 1, delta (CSNK1D), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.96537
CJ493302
gi|17136150|ref|NM_004724.2Homo sapiens ZW10, kinetochore associated, homolog (Drosophila) (ZW10), mRNA
1.96534
DK577545
gi|24797075|ref|NM_002121.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1), mRNA
1.96346
CJ458429
gi|71067335|ref|NM_031462.2Homo sapiens CD99 molecule-like 2 (CD99L2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.96208
AB172752
gi|32698785|ref|NM_182490.1Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 227 (ZNF227), mRNA
1.95671
AB171668
gi|40385866|ref|NM_199227.1Homo sapiens methionine aminopeptidase 1D (MAP1D), mRNA
1.95399
AB051117
gi|82617625|ref|NM_001037293.1Homo sapiens paralemmin 2 (PALM2), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.9528
AB169059
gi|91992151|ref|NM_000616.3Homo sapiens CD4 molecule (CD4), mRNA
1.95226
CJ443230
gi|46094085|ref|NM_022758.4Homo sapiens chromosome 6 open reading frame 106 (C6orf106), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.95082
AB178987
gi|38045951|ref|NM_021030.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 14 (ZNF14), mRNA
1.94816
AB172387
gi|163659919|ref|NM_052839.3Homo sapiens pannexin 2 (PANX2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.94536
AB168775
gi|223468671|ref|NM_001145135.1Homo sapiens carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle) (CPT1B), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 6, mRNA
1.94062
DC633198
gi|206725531|ref|NM_001826.2Homo sapiens CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.93773
AB172044
gi|25168266|ref|NM_170709.1Homo sapiens serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase family, member 3 (SGK3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.93543
DK578185
gi|239754745|ref|XM_002346052.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100293771 (LOC100293771), mRNA
1.93421
AB171597
gi|113951732|ref|NM_012095.4Homo sapiens adaptor-related protein complex 3, mu 1 subunit (AP3M1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.93313
AB179405
gi|31543301|ref|NM_032600.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 54 (CCDC54), mRNA
1.93038
AB179267
gi|37594443|ref|NM_015896.2Homo sapiens zinc finger, MYND-type-containing 10 (ZMYND10), mRNA
1.92859
DC640525
gi|35493837|ref|NM_004902.2Homo sapiens RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.92337
AB049869
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.92159
DW528250
gi|52487034|ref|NM_004618.3Homo sapiens topoisomerase (DNA) III alpha (TOP3A), mRNA
1.91924
DC636463
gi|78214521|ref|NM_001035258.1Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L38 (RPL38), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.91826
AB179052
gi|115511031|ref|NM_004432.2Homo sapiens ELAV- (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-) like 2 (Hu antigen B) (ELAVL2), mRNA
1.91696
AB168809
gi|37622352|ref|NM_003551.2Homo sapiens nonmetastatic cells 5, protein expressed in nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NME5), mRNA
1.91336
CJ435007
gi|115527063|ref|NM_004859.3Homo sapiens clathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (CLTC), mRNA
1.91318
AB171499
gi|50845406|ref|NM_031444.2Homo sapiens chromosome 22 open reading frame 13 (C22orf13), mRNA
1.91088
DC647333
gi|118600974|ref|NM_007269.2Homo sapiens syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3), mRNA
1.90575
AB172403
gi|142976637|ref|NM_017420.3Homo sapiens SIX homeobox 4 (SIX4), mRNA
1.89362
AB174282
gi|31543080|ref|NM_016210.2Homo sapiens chromosome 3 open reading frame 18 (C3orf18), mRNA
1.89271
DC648759
gi|6382072|ref|NM_005258.2Homo sapiens GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator (GCHFR), mRNA
1.88951
AB169033
gi|195927038|ref|NM_001786.3Homo sapiens cell division cycle 2, G1 to S and G2 to M (CDC2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.88515
AB173309
gi|209447072|ref|NM_001135806.1Homo sapiens synaptotagmin I (SYT1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.88194
AB063003
gi|116063563|ref|NM_018218.2Homo sapiens ubiquitin-specific peptidase 40 (USP40), mRNA
1.88102
AB171041
gi|86787650|ref|NM_014800.9Homo sapiens engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.87945
CJ470094
gi|209364624|ref|NM_001822.4Homo sapiens chimerin (chimaerin) 1 (CHN1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.87132
AB171236
gi|19743893|ref|NM_133480.1Homo sapiens transcriptional adaptor 3 (NGG1 homolog, yeast)-like (TADA3L), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.86897
BB885210
gi|32484974|ref|NM_006721.2Homo sapiens adenosine kinase (ADK), transcript variant ADK-long, mRNA
1.86865
AB169067
gi|188528615|ref|NM_182911.3Homo sapiens testis-specific, 10 (TSGA10), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.86706
CJ464698
gi|221307560|ref|NR_026669.1Homo sapiens synaptosomal-associated protein, 91 kDa homolog (mouse) (SNAP91), transcript variant 2, transcribed RNA
1.86542
AB179482
gi|51173716|ref|NM_006720.3Homo sapiens actin-binding LIM protein 1 (ABLIM1), transcript variant 4, mRNA
1.85972
CJ442615
gi|239745120|ref|XR_015162.2 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC727880 (LOC727880), miscRNA
1.85021
CJ435208
gi|170650722|ref|NM_014236.3Homo sapiens glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT), mRNA
1.8499
AY650307
gi|51599155|ref|NM_001273.2Homo sapiens chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), mRNA
1.84509
DW525872
gi|77404354|ref|NM_003908.3Homo sapiens eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 beta, 38 kDa (EIF2S2), mRNA
1.84501
DW529999
gi|78190459|ref|NM_000978.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L23 (RPL23), mRNA
1.84409
AB174451
gi|223941821|ref|NM_014342.3Homo sapiens mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (C. elegans) (MTCH2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
1.84017
AB066534
gi|188528627|ref|NM_033109.3Homo sapiens polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1), mRNA
1.83655
BB888999
gi|160298191|ref|NM_000507.3Homo sapiens fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.8352
DC637318
gi|209977038|ref|NM_016074.3Homo sapiens bolA homolog 1 (E. coli) (BOLA1), mRNA
1.83477
AB169205
gi|109948303|ref|NM_018225.2Homo sapiens smu-1 suppressor of mec-8 and unc-52 homolog (C. elegans) (SMU1), mRNA
1.82627
CJ441961
gi|19913444|ref|NM_016257.2Homo sapiens hippocalcin-like 4 (HPCAL4), mRNA
1.8159
AY650384
gi|141803509|ref|NM_058164.2Homo sapiens olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), mRNA
1.81587
DC647305
gi|38372918|ref|NM_001728.2Homo sapiens basigin (Ok blood group) (BSG), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.8093
AB172260
gi|112382251|ref|NM_178313.2Homo sapiens spectrin, beta, nonerythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.80742
AB173850
gi|194097340|ref|NM_002616.2Homo sapiens period homolog 1 (Drosophila) (PER1), mRNA
1.80415
AB168762
gi|242247096|ref|NM_001340.3Homo sapiens cylicin, basic protein of sperm head cytoskeleton 2 (CYLC2), mRNA
1.80079
AB173856
gi|60302919|ref|NM_001752.2Homo sapiens catalase (CAT), mRNA
1.79676
AB060862
gi|221219051|ref|NM_031924.4Homo sapiens radial spoke 3 homolog (Chlamydomonas) (RSPH3), mRNA
1.79563
CJ470793
gi|224586819|ref|NR_027265.1Homo sapiens Golgi apparatus protein 1 (GLG1), transcript variant 5, transcribed RNA
1.79405
DW528583
gi|239787833|ref|NM_015139.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 35 (UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine dual transporter), member D1 (SLC35D1), mRNA
1.79359
DK580881
gi|194394144|ref|NM_145870.2Homo sapiens glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.792
AB173997
gi|225543100|ref|NR_027378.1Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC643763 (LOC643763), noncoding RNA
1.79131
AY650356
gi|223718142|ref|NM_173054.2Homo sapiens reelin (RELN), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.78729
DK584117
gi|15967154|ref|NM_016558.2Homo sapiens SCAN domain-containing 1 (SCAND1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.78008
DC621384
gi|15431296|ref|NM_000977.2Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.77763
DK577712
gi|109148541|ref|NM_001605.2Homo sapiens alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS), mRNA
1.77723
AB174251
gi|253314435|ref|NR_027995.1Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 20 family, member A2 pseudogene (LOC284232), noncoding RNA
1.77027
AB174247
gi|50897295|ref|NM_001002923.1Homo sapiens IGF-like family member 4 (IGFL4), mRNA
1.76977
CJ490195
gi|78190459|ref|NM_000978.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L23 (RPL23), mRNA
1.76786
AB171831
gi|167466275|ref|NM_152542.3Homo sapiens protein phosphatase 1K (PP2C domain containing) (PPM1K), mRNA
1.76709
DK582810
gi|90652856|ref|NM_032818.2Homo sapiens chromosome 9 open reading frame 100 (C9orf100), mRNA
1.765
AB170534
gi|108773786|ref|NM_000321.2Homo sapiens retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), mRNA
1.76182
AB171096
gi|110347436|ref|NM_001042545.1Homo sapiens latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 4 (LTBP4), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.75594
AB168611
gi|21071068|ref|NM_004865.2Homo sapiens TBP-like 1 (TBPL1), mRNA
1.74839
CJ492188
gi|30181234|ref|NM_003447.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 165 (ZNF165), mRNA
1.74573
AB171700
gi|115527063|ref|NM_004859.3Homo sapiens clathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (CLTC), mRNA
1.74566
AB171366
gi|22748942|ref|NM_152445.1Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 161, member B (FAM161B), mRNA
1.74405
AB168566
gi|148664196|ref|NM_017950.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 40 (CCDC40), mRNA
1.74135
AB171657
gi|221316692|ref|NM_198449.2Homo sapiens embigin homolog (mouse) (EMB), mRNA
1.73933
AB056808
gi|71772767|ref|NM_152826.2Homo sapiens-sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.73686
AB168849
gi|156766042|ref|NM_001103146.1Homo sapiens GRB10-interacting GYF protein 2 (GIGYF2), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.73412
AB172848
gi|95113665|ref|NM_018157.2Homo sapiens resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 homolog B (C. elegans) (RIC8B), mRNA
1.72749
AB048894
gi|148727250|ref|NM_007137.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 81 (ZNF81), mRNA
1.71845
DW524469
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
1.71582
AB173566
gi|89242130|ref|NM_014305.2Homo sapiens TDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (TGDS), mRNA
1.71406
DC634783
gi|116812576|ref|NM_016019.2Homo sapiens LUC7-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) (LUC7L2), mRNA
1.71163
AB168438
gi|64276485|ref|NM_005869.2Homo sapiens serologically defined colon cancer antigen 10 (SDCCAG10), mRNA
1.71108
AB174725
gi|169194555|ref|XR_040716.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC439950 (LOC439950), miscRNA
1.70933
AB170786
gi|208879448|ref|NM_006265.2Homo sapiens RAD21 homolog (S. pombe) (RAD21), mRNA
1.70551
CJ431422
gi|117938253|ref|NM_001077441.1Homo sapiens BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.70446
AB048954
gi|148596971|ref|NM_014951.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 365 (ZNF365), transcript variant A, mRNA
1.70334
AB173447
gi|40288292|ref|NM_000361.2Homo sapiens thrombomodulin (THBD), mRNA
1.70293
AB173287
gi|242117988|ref|NM_014702.4Homo sapiens KIAA0408 (KIAA0408), mRNA
1.70162
CJ489820
gi|218505834|ref|NM_001142782.1Homo sapiens membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW, and PDZ domain-containing 3 (MAGI3), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.68381
AB173372
gi|78190481|ref|NM_025221.5Homo sapiens Kv channel-interacting protein 4 (KCNIP4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.68058
AB172865
gi|31795545|ref|NM_012450.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 4 (SLC13A4), mRNA
1.67878
AB168329
gi|223468562|ref|NM_005628.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (SLC1A5), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.67642
AB171546
gi|55956903|ref|NM_005922.2Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.67151
AB063093
gi|194248055|ref|NM_002045.3Homo sapiens growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.66805
AB220449
gi|23510394|ref|NM_138966.2Homo sapiens neuropilin- (NRP-) and tolloid- (TLL-) like 1 (NETO1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.66789
AB169208
gi|22547155|ref|NM_002018.2Homo sapiens flightless I homolog (Drosophila) (FLII), mRNA
1.66361
AB168324
gi|116014337|ref|NM_030981.2Homo sapiens RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family (RAB1B), mRNA
1.66298
AB169835
gi|50726964|ref|NM_013392.2Homo sapiens nuclear receptor-binding protein 1 (NRBP1), mRNA
1.65785
AB173501
gi|195539333|ref|NM_018176.3Homo sapiens leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 2 (LGI2), mRNA
1.6574
DC630946
gi|183227689|ref|NM_002049.3Homo sapiens GATA-binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1) (GATA1), mRNA
1.65657
AB063075
gi|239743824|ref|XM_001128647.3 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC728701 (LOC728701), mRNA
1.65564
AB169782
gi|38261964|ref|NM_198399.1Homo sapiens cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21 kD (ARPP-21), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.65067
CJ477467
gi|133778911|ref|NM_003309.2Homo sapiens TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1), mRNA
1.65062
BB900725
gi|31542685|ref|NM_025125.2Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), mRNA
1.64409
AB220555
gi|208973250|ref|NM_003702.3Homo sapiens regulator of G-protein signaling 20 (RGS20), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.64376
AB171804
gi|66932910|ref|NM_014676.2Homo sapiens pumilio homolog 1 (Drosophila) (PUM1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.63724
DC625559
gi|4557320|ref|NM_000039.1Homo sapiens apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), mRNA
1.631
AB172266
gi|170932491|ref|NM_030770.2Homo sapiens transmembrane protease, serine 5 (TMPRSS5), mRNA
1.62995
AB173763
gi|62953115|ref|NM_001017523.1Homo sapiens BTB (POZ) domain-containing 11 (BTBD11), transcript variant b, mRNA
1.62499
AB172974
gi|111161293|ref|NM_005746.2Homo sapiens nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), mRNA
1.62078
AB179155
gi|187608347|ref|NM_145046.3Homo sapiens calreticulin 3 (CALR3), mRNA
1.6111
AB169148
gi|153792481|ref|NM_033048.4Homo sapiens CPX chromosome region, candidate 1 (CPXCR1), mRNA
1.60985
AB171264
gi|130977817|ref|NM_024549.4Homo sapiens tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1), transcript variant 3, mRNA
1.60704
AB172446
gi|193083128|ref|NM_001128920.1Homo sapiens MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), transcript variant 4, mRNA
1.60471
DC852298
gi|195972796|ref|NM_001130917.1Homo sapiens leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (with TM domain), member 2 (LILRA2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.59852
AB046637
gi|209571546|ref|NM_018095.4Homo sapiens Kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain-containing 4 (KBTBD4), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.58107
CJ445723
gi|90903230|ref|NM_002111.6Homo sapiens huntingtin (HTT), mRNA
1.57689
DC630899
gi|83641894|ref|NM_031157.2Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.5766
AB168476
gi|219555742|ref|NM_015335.3Homo sapiens mediator complex subunit 13-like (MED13L), mRNA
1.57355
DC642541
gi|20357546|ref|NM_004231.2Homo sapiens ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 14 kDa, V1 subunit F (ATP6V1F), mRNA
1.57215
AB170370
gi|224177554|ref|NM_002340.5Homo sapiens lanosterol synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase) (LSS), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.57006
DC636538
gi|71164876|ref|NM_001014.3Homo sapiens ribosomal protein S10 (RPS10), mRNA
1.56413
DC648258
gi|4557818|ref|NM_000277.1Homo sapiens phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), mRNA
1.56396
AB168688
gi|75709218|ref|NM_001324.2Homo sapiens cleavage stimulation factor, 3′ pre-RNA, subunit 1, 50 kDa (CSTF1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.56349
CJ486539
gi|194018543|ref|NM_031451.4Homo sapiens testis expressed 101 (TEX101), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.55338
AB173591
gi|56699472|ref|NM_006298.2Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 192 (ZNF192), mRNA
1.54892
AB168460
gi|56090619|ref|NM_001007531.1Homo sapiens NFKB-activating protein-like (NKAPL), mRNA
1.54807
AB046102
gi|215272394|ref|NM_001080475.2Homo sapiens pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M, member 3 (PLEKHM3), mRNA
1.53926
AB097526
gi|46409303|ref|NM_207332.1Homo sapiens glutamate-rich 1 (ERICH1), mRNA
1.53642
AB052134
gi|227430412|ref|NM_024827.3Homo sapiens histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.53543
AB170181
gi|21265090|ref|NM_007208.2Homo sapiens mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 (MRPL3), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
1.52903
AB171241
gi|116235443|ref|NM_138421.2Homo sapiens serum amyloid A-like 1 (SAAL1), mRNA
1.52713
AB171237
gi|48675815|ref|NM_015723.2Homo sapiens patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 8 (PNPLA8), mRNA
1.52587
DC625517
gi|47578120|ref|NM_177947.2Homo sapiens armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 3 (ARMCX3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
1.52547
AB168964
gi|87159814|ref|NM_001696.3Homo sapiens ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 31 kDa, V1 subunit E1 (ATP6V1E1), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.52424
DC631115
gi|239752151|ref|XM_002348112.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to immunoglobulin lambda locus (LOC100290481), mRNA
1.51711
DC640134
gi|208609986|ref|NM_014655.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 25, member 44 (SLC25A44), transcript variant 1, mRNA
1.51672
AB173691
gi|94536855|ref|NM_013301.2Homo sapiens coiled-coil domain-containing 106 (CCDC106), mRNA
1.50477
AB168370
gi|154744869|ref|NM_022752.5Homo sapiens zinc finger protein 574 (ZNF574), mRNA
1.50452Table 2
Genes that are downregulated in TM cells.
Accession number
Human RefSeq description
Fold change
DC624859
gi|215982788|ref|NM_000477.5Homo sapiens albumin (ALB), mRNA
0.11952
AB171761
gi|148271103|ref|NM_173495.2Homo sapiens patched domain-containing 1 (PTCHD1), mRNA
0.13543
AB047615
gi|70780382|ref|NM_004285.3Homo sapiens hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase) (H6PD), mRNA
0.17649
DC621007
gi|38016905|ref|NR_001578.1Homo sapiens L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH), noncoding RNA
0.20061
CJ443677
gi|38327038|ref|NM_002154.3Homo sapiens heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (HSPA4), mRNA
0.2086
DC622138
gi|145386530|ref|NM_001084392.1Homo sapiens D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.21345
BB891761
gi|33519462|ref|NM_004544.2Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42 kDa (NDUFA10), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA
0.23147
CJ444181
gi|226437566|ref|NM_001018060.2Homo sapiens apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.24045
AB171890
gi|118572602|ref|NM_001079514.1Homo sapiens ubinuclein 1 (UBN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.24676
AB174511
gi|153792041|ref|NM_020823.1Homo sapiens transmembrane protein 181 (TMEM181), mRNA
0.29472
AB168319
gi|116256484|ref|NM_006781.3Homo sapiens chromosome 6 open reading frame 10 (C6orf10), mRNA
0.3105
DW526909
gi|20302159|ref|NM_005999.2Homo sapiens translin-associated factor X (TSNAX), mRNA
0.32949
AB173471
gi|154354995|ref|NM_002222.4Homo sapiens inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1 (ITPR1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.33892
BB898986
gi|167003944|ref|NM_000204.3Homo sapiens complement factor I (CFI), mRNA
0.34234
DK578390
gi|56788350|ref|NM_001008695.1Homo sapiens THAP domain-containing 7 (THAP7), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.35502
CJ444326
gi|209413724|ref|NM_003692.3Homo sapiens transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 (TMEFF1), mRNA
0.3719
AB048874
gi|239753181|ref|XM_002345525.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2041348 (LOC100293610), mRNA
0.38524
DC635743
gi|239750740|ref|XM_002347480.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens similar to hCG2038941 (LOC100290006), mRNA
0.3882
CJ442045
gi|96975096|ref|NM_016577.3Homo sapiens RAB6B, member RAS oncogene family (RAB6B), mRNA
0.39034
BB897881
gi|31542685|ref|NM_025125.2Homo sapiens chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), mRNA
0.39308
AB168422
gi|194306536|ref|NM_144594.2Homo sapiens gametocyte-specific factor 1 (GTSF1), mRNA
0.43061
DW524779
gi|226342870|ref|NR_027449.1Homo sapiens TBC1 domain family, member 15 (TBC1D15), transcript variant 4, transcribed RNA
0.44075
DC630545
gi|39812105|ref|NM_198941.1Homo sapiens serine incorporator 3 (SERINC3), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.44508
AB172901
gi|42544225|ref|NM_020857.2Homo sapiens vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (VPS18), mRNA
0.44872
DW528888
gi|40068463|ref|NM_020732.2Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain 1B (SWI1-like) (ARID1B), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.44985
DC636880
gi|17738314|ref|NM_006835.2Homo sapiens cyclin I (CCNI), mRNA
0.45196
AB220379
gi|185134767|ref|NM_002524.3Homo sapiens neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS), mRNA
0.46121
AB055316
gi|226437631|ref|NM_001004339.2Homo sapiens zyg-11 homolog A (C. elegans) (ZYG11A), mRNA
0.46399
DC641070
gi|58331227|ref|NM_005223.3Homo sapiens deoxyribonuclease I (DNASE1), mRNA
0.46575
AB056428
gi|49574533|ref|NM_032782.3Homo sapiens hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), mRNA
0.46705
AB168577
gi|146260272|ref|NM_001085451.1Homo sapiens leukemia NUP98 fusion partner 1 (LNP1), mRNA
0.46891
AB048999
gi|225735571|ref|NR_027416.1Homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 3 pseudogene (LOC100272146), noncoding RNA
0.47824
AB174085
gi|142360382|ref|NM_176815.3Homo sapiens dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1), mRNA
0.49049
DC642335
gi|148491081|ref|NM_001343.2Homo sapiens-disabled homolog 2, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein (Drosophila) (DAB2), mRNA
0.4971
AB173771
gi|38176290|ref|NM_001233.3Homo sapiens caveolin 2 (CAV2), transcript variant 1, mRNA
0.49863
DW523198
gi|145312264|ref|NM_033266.3Homo sapiens endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2), mRNA
0.50158
AF492282
gi|52630343|ref|NM_021983.4Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4 (HLA-DRB4), mRNA
0.50533
AB047937
gi|194097480|ref|NM_020412.4Homo sapiens chromatin-modifying protein 1B (CHMP1B), mRNA
0.51198
AB179165
gi|118136291|ref|NM_006465.2Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain 3B (bright-like) (ARID3B), mRNA
0.51349
AJ585530
gi|75709168|ref|NM_002260.3Homo sapiens killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2 (KLRC2), mRNA
0.52335
AB170944
gi|40255250|ref|NM_144635.3Homo sapiens family with sequence similarity 131, member A (FAM131A), mRNA
0.55244
AB171281
gi|154759258|ref|NM_003127.2Homo sapiens spectrin, alpha, nonerythrocytic 1 (alpha-fodrin) (SPTAN1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.555
AB172429
gi|224994204|ref|NM_001145853.1Homo sapiens Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin) (WFS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.57755
AB171421
gi|110611175|ref|NM_000843.3Homo sapiens glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6 (GRM6), mRNA
0.58226
AB096987
gi|239750853|ref|XR_079356.1 PREDICTED:Homo sapiens hypothetical protein LOC100130855 (LOC100130855), miscRNA
0.59997
AB049000
gi|209977116|ref|NM_080872.2Homo sapiens unc-5 homolog D (C. elegans) (UNC5D), mRNA
0.60066
BB893759
gi|194018407|ref|NM_178148.2Homo sapiens solute carrier family 35, member B2 (SLC35B2), mRNA
0.61849
AB056791
gi|162951883|ref|NM_014925.3Homo sapiens R3H domain-containing 2 (R3HDM2), mRNA
0.64652
AB070176
gi|221307501|ref|NM_001143976.1Homo sapiens WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) (WEE1), transcript variant 2, mRNA
0.64704
AB048962
gi|154146186|ref|NM_152634.2Homo sapiens transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing (TCEANC), mRNA
0.65673
DK578501
gi|24797073|ref|NM_033554.2Homo sapiens major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1), mRNA
0.65963Table 3
Gene ontology of upregulated genes in Y-27632-treated TM cells.
Ontology
Term
Changed genes
Total genes
P value
Cellular component
Cell projection
31 (1)
331 (38)
0.0000306
Cellular component
Neuron projection
20 (6)
180 (28)
0.0000901
Cellular component
Cell projection part
17 (0)
142 (0)
0.000135
Biological process
Regulation of neurotransmitter levels
8 (0)
47 (2)
0.00148
Molecular function
Calcium channel regulator activity
4 (3)
11 (9)
0.00225
Cellular component
Presynaptic membrane
5 (5)
20 (20)
0.0024
Cellular component
Plasma membrane part
45 (0)
706 (2)
0.00259
Biological process
Synaptic transmission
16 (10)
170 (66)
0.00374
Molecular function
Channel regulator activity
5 (0)
23 (0)
0.00421
Biological process
Cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
21 (0)
255 (0)
0.00443
Biological process
L-Glutamate import
3 (3)
6 (4)
0.00456
Cellular component
Platelet alpha granule
5 (1)
24 (2)
0.00472
Biological process
Transmission of nerve impulse
17 (0)
189 (3)
0.00563
Molecular function
Anion:cation symporter activity
4 (0)
15 (0)
0.00565
Molecular function
Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
3 (3)
7 (7)
0.00585
Biological process
L-Amino acid import
3 (0)
7 (0)
0.00632
Biological process
Amino acid import
3 (0)
7 (0)
0.00632
Cellular component
Axon part
6 (0)
38 (2)
0.00665
Biological process
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle
8 (1)
62 (6)
0.00683
Molecular function
Anion transmembrane transporter activity
8 (0)
66 (5)
0.00813
Biological process
Cell-cell signaling
21 (4)
268 (74)
0.00841
Molecular function
High-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
2 (2)
2 (2)
0.00875
Cellular component
Cytoplasmic vesicle part
9 (0)
83 (2)
0.00918
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
2 (0)
2 (0)
0.00923
Biological process
Response to calcium ion
5 (4)
28 (25)
0.00969
Molecular function
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
5 (5)
29 (29)
0.00984
Biological process
Carboxylic acid transport
9 (0)
81 (1)
0.01005
Molecular function
Phosphatidylinositol binding
3 (3)
9 (9)
0.01012
Molecular function
Dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
3 (0)
9 (0)
0.01012
Biological process
Organic acid transport
9 (0)
82 (0)
0.01077
Biological process
Glutamate metabolic process
3 (0)
9 (4)
0.01091
Biological process
Dicarboxylic acid transport
3 (3)
9 (7)
0.01091
Cellular component
Axoneme
4 (2)
19 (5)
0.01104
Molecular function
Structural constituent of cytoskeleton
5 (5)
31 (31)
0.01251
Cellular component
Cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
4 (0)
20 (0)
0.01285
Cellular component
Platelet alpha granule lumen
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01285
Cellular component
Dendritic spine
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01285
Cellular component
Neuron spine
4 (0)
20 (0)
0.01285
Cellular component
Axon
9 (6)
89 (62)
0.01361
Cellular component
Neurofilament
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01394
Molecular function
Antioxidant activity
5 (2)
32 (12)
0.01401
Biological process
Rho protein signal transduction
7 (1)
57 (15)
0.01403
Molecular function
Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.0142
Biological process
ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
4 (4)
20 (20)
0.01457
Cellular component
Vesicle lumen
4 (0)
21 (1)
0.01484
Biological process
D-Amino acid transport
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
D-Aspartate import
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01497
Biological process
D-Aspartate transport
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
Glutamate biosynthetic process
2 (2)
3 (3)
0.01497
Biological process
2′-Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
2 (0)
3 (0)
0.01497
Biological process
Fatty acid transport
4 (1)
21 (6)
0.01681
Molecular function
Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
5 (0)
34 (3)
0.01737
Biological process
Regulation of cell cycle process
6 (0)
47 (0)
0.01912
Biological process
Nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
8 (1)
76 (3)
0.0195
Molecular function
Transporter activity
34 (8)
556 (147)
0.01993
Molecular function
Monocarboxylic acid binding
4 (0)
23 (0)
0.02002
Cellular component
Neurofilament cytoskeleton
2 (0)
4 (1)
0.02037
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
3 (0)
12 (0)
0.02063
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
3 (0)
12 (0)
0.02063
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
2 (1)
4 (2)
0.02075
Molecular function
Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity
2 (2)
4 (4)
0.02075
Biological process
Regulation of secretion
8 (0)
77 (0)
0.0208
Biological process
Neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
2 (2)
4 (4)
0.02186
Biological process
Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process
2 (1)
4 (1)
0.02186
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
2 (0)
4 (1)
0.02186
Cellular component
Clathrin coat
4 (1)
24 (1)
0.02193
Biological process
Response to metal ion
8 (0)
78 (3)
0.02216
Cellular component
Transport vesicle membrane
3 (0)
13 (0)
0.02236
Biological process
Neurotransmitter metabolic process
3 (1)
13 (3)
0.02465
Biological process
Long-chain fatty acid transport
3 (2)
13 (4)
0.02465
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors
4 (0)
25 (0)
0.02549
Molecular function
Organic acid:sodium symporter activity
3 (0)
14 (0)
0.02707
Molecular function
Phosphoinositide binding
6 (2)
53 (30)
0.02738
Molecular function
Carboxylic acid binding
8 (0)
84 (5)
0.02754
Cellular component
MHC protein complex
4 (0)
26 (0)
0.02764
Molecular function
DNA topoisomerase type I activity
2 (2)
5 (5)
0.02831
Molecular function
Solute:sodium symporter activity
4 (0)
26 (0)
0.02853
Cellular component
Synapse
13 (10)
167 (116)
0.0289
Biological process
L-Amino acid transport
3 (0)
14 (1)
0.02906
Biological process
Cilium morphogenesis
3 (1)
14 (3)
0.02906
Cellular component
Secretory granule
8 (3)
86 (27)
0.02929
Biological process
Positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
2 (0)
5 (0)
0.0298
Biological process
Glutamate catabolic process
2 (0)
5 (0)
0.0298
Biological process
Sulfate transport
2 (2)
5 (5)
0.0298
Biological process
Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
2 (0)
5 (2)
0.0298
Cellular component
Endomembrane system
26 (1)
416 (14)
0.03019
Cellular component
External side of plasma membrane
6 (5)
55 (49)
0.03035
Cellular component
Plasma membrane
64 (48)
1224 (935)
0.03044
Cellular component
Endocytic vesicle membrane
3 (3)
15 (12)
0.03078
Cellular component
Clathrin coated vesicle membrane
4 (0)
27 (3)
0.0308
Cellular component
Intrinsic to organelle membrane
8 (0)
87 (0)
0.03095
Biological process
Regulation of rho protein signal transduction
5 (5)
39 (29)
0.03101
Biological process
Neurotransmitter secretion
4 (3)
26 (11)
0.03114
Cellular component
Synapse part
10 (0)
117 (2)
0.03187
Biological process
Vitamin transport
3 (1)
15 (1)
0.03386
Molecular function
Symporter activity
6 (6)
57 (44)
0.03631
Molecular function
Syntaxin-1 binding
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03678
Molecular function
Ion channel inhibitor activity
2 (1)
6 (2)
0.03678
Biological process
Cell communication
34 (4)
562 (40)
0.03717
Cellular component
Endocytic vesicle
4 (1)
29 (10)
0.03772
Biological process
Regulation of mitosis
4 (2)
28 (7)
0.03839
Biological process
Regulation of nuclear division
4 (0)
28 (0)
0.03839
Biological process
Response to inorganic substance
10 (1)
118 (8)
0.03843
Biological process
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
2 (2)
6 (5)
0.03869
Biological process
Interleukin-1 beta secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Interleukin-1 secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Cdc42 protein signal transduction
2 (1)
6 (3)
0.03869
Biological process
L-Phenylalanine catabolic process
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03869
Biological process
L-Phenylalanine metabolic process
2 (0)
6 (0)
0.03869
Biological process
Tyrosine metabolic process
2 (0)
6 (1)
0.03869
Biological process
Multicellular organismal aging
2 (1)
6 (2)
0.03869
Biological process
Aspartate transport
2 (0)
6 (3)
0.03869
Biological process
Negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
2 (2)
6 (6)
0.03869
Biological process
Neurofilament cytoskeleton organization
2 (1)
6 (5)
0.03869
Molecular function
Chloride ion binding
4 (4)
29 (29)
0.0389
Biological process
L-Glutamate transport
3 (0)
16 (7)
0.03904
Biological process
Platelet activation
3 (2)
16 (11)
0.03904
Biological process
Positive regulation of secretion
5 (0)
42 (1)
0.03976
Molecular function
Substrate-specific transporter activity
28 (0)
463 (0)
0.04034
Biological process
Nucleotide biosynthetic process
12 (0)
151 (7)
0.04052
Cellular component
Microtubule basal body
3 (3)
17 (17)
0.04062
Molecular function
Calcium-dependent protein binding
3 (3)
17 (17)
0.04164
Biological process
Anion transport
7 (0)
73 (10)
0.04185
Molecular function
Solute:cation symporter activity
5 (0)
44 (0)
0.04201
Biological process
Purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
7 (0)
74 (0)
0.0443
Biological process
Acidic amino acid transport
3 (0)
17 (0)
0.04461
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process
3 (0)
17 (1)
0.04461
Biological process
Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
3 (0)
17 (4)
0.04461
Cellular component
MHC class II protein complex
3 (3)
18 (18)
0.04607
Molecular function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD, or NADP as acceptor
2 (0)
7 (2)
0.04608
Molecular function
Fatty acid transporter activity
2 (1)
7 (3)
0.04608
Molecular function
Channel inhibitor activity
2 (0)
7 (1)
0.04608
Molecular function
DNA topoisomerase activity
2 (1)
7 (2)
0.04608
Biological process
Regulation of cytokine production
7 (0)
75 (0)
0.04684
Molecular function
NADP or NADPH binding
3 (3)
18 (17)
0.04721
Biological process
Nucleobase, nucleoside, and Nucleotide biosynthetic process
12 (0)
157 (0)
0.04725
Biological process
Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid biosynthetic process
12 (0)
157 (0)
0.04725
Biological process
G1 phase
2 (1)
7 (1)
0.04845
Cellular component
Lamellipodium
4 (4)
32 (32)
0.04965
Cellular component
Transport vesicle
4 (1)
32 (11)
0.04965Table 4
Gene ontology of downregulated genes in Y-27632-treated TM cells.
Ontology
Term
Changed genes
Total genes
P value
Molecular function
Endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5′-phosphomonoesters
2 (0)
13 (0)
0.00279
Biological process
Antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
2 (2)
16 (14)
0.00421
Cellular component
MHC class II protein complex
2 (2)
18 (18)
0.00606
Molecular function
D-Dopachrome decarboxylase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Glucose 1-dehydrogenase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
Deoxyribonuclease I activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Molecular function
3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01065
Biological process
Olfactory behavior
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
1 (0)
1 (0)
0.01091
Biological process
3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate transport
1 (1)
1 (1)
0.01091
Biological process
Negative regulation of neuron apoptosis
2 (2)
28 (28)
0.01148
Cellular component
MHC protein complex
2(0)
26(0)
0.01171
Molecular function
Toxin binding
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
C2H2 zinc finger domain binding
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Dopachrome isomerase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
6-Phosphogluconolactonase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Hedgehog receptor activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Dihydrofolate reductase activity
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01594
Molecular function
Purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01594
Biological process
Cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Cytolysis of cells of another organism
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Disruption by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis of cells in other organism
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Hemolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Killing by symbiont of host cells
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Maintenance of mitochondrion location
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by organism of cell membrane in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host cell membrane
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host cellular component
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host structure
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification of cellular component in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Modification of structure of other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Caveola assembly
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Membrane raft assembly
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
Positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01632
Biological process
Chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
ncRNA catabolic process
1 (0)
2 (0)
0.01632
Biological process
rRNA catabolic process
1 (1)
2 (2)
0.01632
Biological process
Purine nucleoside transport
1 (0)
2 (1)
0.01632
Biological process
Striated muscle cell differentiation
2 (1)
38 (5)
0.0199
Biological process
Antigen processing and presentation
2 (2)
38 (32)
0.0199
Molecular function
Copper ion binding
2 (2)
39 (38)
0.01996
Molecular function
Endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5′-phosphomonoesters
1 (0)
3 (1)
0.0212
Cellular component
Membrane
24 (17)
2769 (1768)
0.02168
Biological process
Maintenance of organelle location
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Melanin biosynthetic process
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02171
Biological process
Melanin metabolic process
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
1 (1)
3 (1)
0.02171
Biological process
Multicellular organismal water homeostasis
1 (0)
3 (0)
0.02171
Biological process
Renal water homeostasis
1 (1)
3 (1)
0.02171
Biological process
Positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02171
Biological process
Apoptosis
7 (3)
522 (189)
0.0221
Biological process
Programmed cell death
7 (0)
525 (2)
0.02273
Cellular component
Extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02347
Cellular component
Spectrin
1 (1)
3 (3)
0.02347
Molecular function
Endonuclease activity
2 (2)
43 (30)
0.02378
Molecular function
Nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
1 (0)
4 (1)
0.02643
Biological process
Regulation of neuron apoptosis
2 (0)
45 (2)
0.02693
Biological process
Detection of visible light
1 (1)
4 (1)
0.02706
Biological process
Chemosensory behavior
1 (0)
4 (3)
0.02706
Biological process
Protein maturation by protein folding
1 (1)
4 (4)
0.02706
Biological process
Cellular chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
1 (1)
4 (2)
0.02706
Biological process
Mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly
1 (1)
4 (4)
0.02706
Biological process
Outer mitochondrial membrane organization
1 (0)
4 (0)
0.02706
Biological process
Glycine biosynthetic process
1 (1)
4 (2)
0.02706
Cellular component
Membrane part
21 (0)
2325 (1)
0.02771
Biological process
Cellular membrane organization
4 (0)
212 (30)
0.02909
Biological process
Membrane organization
4 (0)
212 (0)
0.02909
Biological process
Neuron apoptosis
2 (0)
48 (3)
0.03021
Biological process
Neuron death
2 (0)
48 (0)
0.03021
Biological process
Muscle cell differentiation
2 (0)
49 (1)
0.03134
Biological process
Disruption of cells of other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
5 (0)
0.03239
Biological process
Killing of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
1 (0)
5 (0)
0.03239
Biological process
Water homeostasis
1 (0)
5 (1)
0.03239
Biological process
Endoplasmic reticulum organization
1 (1)
5 (5)
0.03239
Biological process
Membrane raft organization
1 (0)
5 (1)
0.03239
Biological process
Pinocytosis
1 (1)
5 (2)
0.03239
Biological process
Nucleoside transport
1 (0)
5 (2)
0.03239
Biological process
Response to light stimulus
2 (0)
51 (8)
0.03364
Biological process
Cell death
7 (0)
578 (68)
0.03597
Biological process
Vesicle-mediated transport
5 (2)
336 (120)
0.03622
Biological process
Death
7 (0)
579 (0)
0.03626
Biological process
Positive regulation of signaling pathway
3 (0)
133 (0)
0.03743
Biological process
Modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology
1 (0)
6 (0)
0.03769
Biological process
ER overload response
1 (1)
6 (5)
0.03769
Biological process
Regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
1 (0)
6 (1)
0.03769
Molecular function
Actin binding
3 (3)
139 (121)
0.0394
Cellular component
HOPS complex
1 (1)
6 (6)
0.04072
Molecular function
Intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
1 (0)
7 (0)
0.04196
Biological process
Detection of light stimulus
1 (0)
7 (0)
0.04296
Biological process
Metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
1 (1)
7 (4)
0.04296
Biological process
Regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
1 (1)
7 (2)
0.04296
Cellular component
Internal side of plasma membrane
1 (0)
7 (4)
0.04641
Molecular function
Scavenger receptor activity
1 (1)
8 (8)
0.04708
Biological process
Interaction with symbiont
1 (0)
8 (1)
0.0482
Biological process
Modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology
1 (0)
8 (0)
0.0482
Biological process
Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
1 (0)
8 (4)
0.0482
Biological process
Positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
1 (0)
8 (4)
0.0482
Biological process
Positive regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
1 (0)
8 (0)
0.0482
Biological process
Synaptic transmission, GABAergic
1 (0)
8 (1)
0.0482
Biological process
Actin filament capping
1 (1)
8 (6)
0.0482
Biological process
Pentose-phosphate shunt
1 (1)
8 (7)
0.0482
Biological process
Calcium ion transport
2 (1)
63 (41)
0.04876
Cellular component
Intrinsic to membrane
17 (0)
1867 (20)
0.0491Figure 1
(a) Quantitative PCR analysis of catalase mRNA. The TM cells were treated with 25μM Y-27632 for 30 min. The relative expression level of catalase of samples treated with Y-27632 was compared to that of the control sample using the comparative CT method (ΔΔCT method). The 18S ribosomal RNA was used as an endogenous control. Data are shown as mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with control by Wilcoxon rank sum test. (b) The effects of Y-27632 on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The TM cells were treated with or without 25 μM Y-27632 for 30 min, followed by 100 μM menadione stimulated for 1 h. ROS were detected by CellROX reagent, and the fluorescence of the TM cells were measured by cell sorter SH800. Data are shown as mean ± SE from five independent experiments. ∗∗P<0.01 and ∗P<0.05 compared with control by the Wilcoxon rank sum test (a) and Tukey Kramer HSD test (b).
(a)
(b)


## 3.2. Effects of Y-27632 on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in TM Cells

To assess the effects of Y-27632 on the production of ROS in TM cells, we utilized a fluorogenic probe that exhibits bright fluorescence upon oxidation by ROS. In the absence of an oxidative reagent, the fluorescence intensity was not significantly different in TM cells treated with Y-27632 compared to control (3673.2 ± 452.3 versus 5104.5 ± 735.0; Figure1(b)). In the presence of 100 μM menadione, the fluorescence intensity was significantly elevated (16097.7 ± 1133.0; P<0.0001); this elevation was partly suppressed by treatment with Y-27632 (11443.6 ± 1332.2; P=0.0182), suggesting that Y-27632 reduces ROS production in TM cells under oxidative stress.


## 3.3. Effects of Y-27632 on the Viability of TM Cells under Oxidative Stress

Finally, we investigated the effects of Y-27632 on the viability of TM cells under oxidative stress. As shown in Figure2(a), menadione reduced TM cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At a lower dose of menadione, Y-27632-stimulated TM cells regained significant viability against menadione treatment compared to control cells (P=0.0238). In contrast, the effects of Y-27632 on cell viability were not significant at a higher dose of menadione.Figure 2
(a) The effect of Y-27632 on oxidative stress-induced cell death. The TM cells were treated with or without 25μM Y-27632 for 30 min, followed by menadione stimulation of the cells for 24 h. Cell viabilities were shown as relative value compared with the control. Data are shown as the mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with control by Wilcoxon rank sum test. (b) The effect of Y-27632 on extracellular antioxidative activity. The xanthine-oxidase-induced superoxide production was assessed using a superoxide-sensitive luminescent reagent. Data are shown as the mean ± SE from six independent experiments. ∗P<0.05 compared with the control by Dunnett’s test. Nac: n-acetyl cysteine.
(a)
(b)


## 3.4. Direct Antioxidant Activity of Y-27632

To confirm the extracellular antioxidant activity of Y-27632, we assessed xanthine oxidase-induced superoxide production using a luminescent reagent. As shown in Figure2(b), there was no significant difference in ROS production between the control and Y-27632 treatment. Thus, Y-27632 does not appear to affect extracellular oxidants.


## 4. Discussion

In the present study, we have identified the antioxidative effect of Y-27632 in TM cells by microarray analysis, an exhaustive investigation of gene expression, and shown that Y-27632 partially suppresses ROS production and cell death induced by menadione. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show the antioxidant effect of ROCK inhibitor on TM cells. Previously, we presented depolymerization of F-actin before morphometric recovery from oxidative stress in TM cells [24], suggesting a correlation between oxidative stress and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in TM cells. In other tissues, rho-kinase was identified as a mediator of various diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibition of rho-kinase has been drawing attention as a promising therapeutic strategy. For instance, activation of the rho/rho-kinase pathway is related to the pathophysiology of chronic renal injury, and long-term fasudil treatment has renoprotective effects in this malignant hypertension model. The mechanism of the renoprotective effect of fasudil, a nonspecific ROCK inhibitor, was suggested to involve a combination of factors, including inhibition of the TGF-β-collagen cascade, control of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, and upregulation of eNOS [18]. Clinical studies with fasudil have suggested that it may be useful for the treatment of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases [19]. Importantly, rho-kinase inhibitors block ROS production by suppressing CyPA secretion from vascular smooth muscle cells [25], suggesting the beneficial effect of rho-kinase inhibitors against cardiovascular diseases.Recently, Yamamoto and colleagues demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of the ROCK inhibitor K-115, a novel IOP-lowering drug, using the mouse optic crush model [20]. They showed the effect was at least partially dependent on suppression of ROS production via inhibition of Nox1 expression in retinal ganglion cells. We also showed that ROCK inhibitors’ antioxidant effects are indirect using monkey TM cells. However, in the present study using microarray analysis, Nox family genes were not identified as affected, but catalase was upregulated after treatment with Y-27632. This disagreement might be caused by differences in species and/or tissues. Thus, the precise molecular mechanisms of the antioxidative effect of ROCK inhibitors have not been clarified completely. On the other hand, a recent study reported that Y-27632 induced p-53-mediated apoptosis in hemangioma [26]. In the present study, we indicated that ROCK inhibitor effected cell survival in TM cells. This is interesting point since ROCK inhibitor-induced effects such as cell death or cell protection were changed by differences of cell types.TM has a critical role in the maintenance of aqueous outflow resistance through the regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism, phagocytosis of debris, and empty space associated with tissue contraction [27, 28]. Indeed, the number of TM cells is decreased in glaucomatous eyes [29], suggesting that functional TM cells are essential in controlling IOP. In this context, oxidative stress is a potential cause of cellular dysregulation in TM, both functionally and numerally, because it has been suggested that the TM of glaucomatous eyes is continuously exposed to oxidative stress [2–7]. Thus, an antioxidant drug might reduce oxidative stress in TM cells, slowing progression of glaucomatous damage in outflow tissues. Though it remains unknown whether clinically used eye-drops containing ripasudil have significant antioxidative effects on TM cells in vivo, the present study’s findings may be clinically relevant.The effect of Y-27632 on cell survival under oxidative stress was significant, but limited. Since glaucoma progresses chronically in the majority of the patients, the acute oxidative damage in the present study may not reflect pathological conditions in glaucomatous TM cells, which is one of the limitations of the present study. Another limitation is that the antioxidative effects of ROCK inhibition were not corroborated in vivo. Further studies are required to acquire more clinically relevant evidence of the effects of ROCK inhibitor on oxidative stress in TM.


## 5. Conclusion

Microarray analysis reveals that Y-27632 upregulates antioxidative genes including catalase and partially reduces the ROS production and cell death by oxidative stress induced by menadione.



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*Source: 7598140-2017-07-19.xml*