# The Effectiveness Evaluation Model of the Conversion of New and Old Kinetic Energy in the Cloud Computing Environment

Authors: Yu Liu; Zhengchao Zhang; Xin Jing; Yawen Yang
Journal: Mobile Information Systems
 (2022)

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## Abstract

This study constructs an index system for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy (NOKE) from three dimensions of electricity, economy, and energy efficiency in the cloud computing environment. First, an annual evaluation model is constructed based on the conversion of NOKE. Second, an evaluation model based on decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-analytic network process (ANP) and improved grey relational method is established. Finally, the annual evaluation is carried out through examples. The results show that the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province is 0.7956 in 2019, 0.803 in 2020, and 0.9448 in 2021. The evaluation value increases year by year, indicating that the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province is becoming more and more significant. A series of NOKE conversion measures have achieved positive results. This study provides the theoretical basis and practical guidance for China to promote the transformation of NOKE.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

In the cloud computing environment, China must adapt to the development of the times and optimize the industrial structure and economic development model to enter a new stage of economic development as soon as possible. Therefore, China has begun to promote the policy of converting new and old kinetic energy (NOKE). Among them, “new kinetic energy (NKE)” is the new driving force for the industrial revolution and development to promote economic and social development. This includes four new driving forces, namely new technology, industry, business form, and model [1, 2]. The NKE of the economy is based on the application of information technology such as the Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing, and big data [3]. The term “old kinetic energy (OKE)” refers to an economic growth model in which a significant amount of capital, human capital, and resources are invested in traditional production activities to achieve productivity. It consists of some traditional manufacturing industries with high energy consumption and large pollution, and some industrial enterprises work on traditional production methods [4]. The conversion of NOKE is the conversion and strengthening of OKE, which is an important strategic measure for cultivating NKE. It is also an important way to achieve high-quality economic development driven by innovation [5]. Globally, the conversion of NOKE is an objective law of world economic development and is an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development of the new technology revolution. China is in a new period of economic development. To upgrade the industrial structure and achieve a series of economic development goals from speed to quality, China must advance major projects such as replacing old drivers of growth with new ones.Xue et al. [6] proposed a hybrid model of the effectiveness of the conversion of NOKE. This is a major strategic move by China to transform the economic growth model and improve the quality of development. With the goal of converting NOKE and the support of the power industry for the conversion of NOKE, an index system for evaluating the effectiveness of the conversion of NOKE is constructed from electricity economics. Jia and Lin [7] selected provincial panel data from 2000 to 2018 to empirically test the impact of factor market distortions on corporate innovation efficiency in economic kinetic energy transformation. In addition, the technological spill over-effects of international direct investment and patent applications have a certain correlation with factor price distortions. Therefore, the effects of factor price distortions are studied. This study examines the discriminative effects of factor price distortions on the effects of international direct investment, import trade, patent filing, and innovation efficiency. The results show that the technology spillovers of import trade, foreign direct investment, and patent application show different characteristics in different stages of factor market distortion. To examine the actual impact of NKE transformation, Wang et al. [8] looked at how tax policy influences the development technology of new goods and how the modern service sector adapts to the “replacement of business tax by value-added tax reform.” The findings suggest that both the government tax incentives and increased oversight play a substantial influence in boosting enterprise innovation. The high labour cost of the high modern service industry slowed the conversion of NOKE after the “value-added tax reform to replace business tax” was established.At present, the conversion of NOKE in China is still in infancy. These contents are only limited to the relevant theoretical concepts and implementation paths. They have not conducted in-depth research on evaluating the conversion of NOKE. A cloud-based evaluation model for converting NOKE is built founded on the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-analytic network process (ANP) and the improved grey correlation method. For promoting NOKE conversion, the developed effectiveness evaluation model for converting NOKE can provide China with a theoretical foundation and practical advice.


## 2. Materials and Methods

### 2.1. Research on the Conversion of NOKE

“OKE” referred to traditional functions, such as manufacturing businesses and industries with significant energy consumption and pollution. “NKE” refers to the driving force of industries centered on the economy of new technologies, new industries, new formats, and new models. The emergence of NKE is conducive to accelerating technological upgrading, industrial transformation, and the development of new business forms [9]. The conversion of NOKE transforms NKE and its research and development. The purpose of transforming NOKE is to resolve excess capacity so that more industries can achieve an all-around improvement in the construction of ecological civilization [10]. At this stage, China’s goal of developing NOKE conversion is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
China’s development goals for the conversion of NOKE.In China, there are two ways to realize the NOKE conversion. The first is the macroeconomic road, while the second is the microindustry path. The change of NOKE is primarily fueled by four factors: (i) maximising resource allocation, increasing total factor productivity, and resolving excess capacity; (ii) adhering to the transformation of the economic development model from a resource-driven model to an innovation-driven model, improving the internal driving force of economic development; (iii) expand domestic demand, realize the upgradation of consumption level, continuously adjust the supply and demand structure of products, and finally achieve a balance between supply and demand to resolve some excess capacity; (iv) the government should formulate a standardized and efficient system to ensure the conversion of NOKE. The transformation of NOKE is mainly promoted from three aspects, namely:(i)
Various industries require the transformation of ideas(ii)
Each industry requires the upgrading of capabilities(iii)
The development of various industries should achieve a management revolution


#### 2.1.1. Construction of an Annual Evaluation Model for the Conversion Effect of NOKE

Electric power is intimately linked to economic development and electric power data. It indicates the level of economic and social development. The energy consumption level of various industries reflects the changes in the industrial structure as well. The degree of electrification indicates the level of technological development in NOKE conversion. The degree of economic transformation can be shown in energy efficiency and energy structure [11, 12]. The NOKE conversion index system is constructed from three dimensions of electricity, economy, and energy efficiency. The constructed system of annual evaluation indicators for the conversion of NOKE is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Annual evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE.When conducting a comprehensive evaluation, a series of steps should be carried out. These steps include the weighing of each indicator and obtaining relevant results. It is very important to determine the weight of the indicator as the result will directly affect the evaluation conclusion. Therefore, DEMATEL-ANP methods are combined to determine the weight of each indicator. DEMATEL can judge the correlation between the first-level indicators to provide the basis for the construction of the ANP network structure and improve the scientificity.


#### 2.1.2. DEMATEL Model

DEMATEL is widely used in many fields such as enterprise planning and decision-making, urban planning and design, geographic environment assessment, and online assessment [13, 14]. The structure and operation steps of DEMATEL are shown in Figure 3.Figure 3
Operation flow of DEMATEL.Defining elements and judging relationships is one of them. It involves evaluating and defining the system’s elements and then judging the relationship between the two elements using expert talks, discussions, and questionnaires. The relationship among elements is first expressed by four influence degrees to construct a matrix of direct relationships, namely 0 represents no influence, 1 represents slight influence, 2 represents strong influence, and 3 represents very influence [15, 16]. To obtain the direct relationship matrix, the experts then compare the elements according to the influence relationship and degree. Finally, the direct relationship matrix is normalized.


#### 2.1.3. ANP Model

ANP is suitable for research between indicators with a hierarchy of associations. The emergence of AHP compensates for many of AHP’s flaws. ANP and AHP have similar underlying ideas. However, the model’s construction is the most significant difference between the two. Furthermore, hierarchical relationships necessitate varying degrees of hierarchy. Both AHP and ANP can determine some difficulties that cannot be defined by formula models when evaluating various study objects in the disciplines of technology, economy, and humanities [17]. AHP divides each element into different levels and determines the relative importance of each element. It sorts the relative weight of each level according to the expert opinion and the objective judgment of analysts. The classic AHP hierarchical structure is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of AHP.There are various steps of the AHP research problem. First, the relationship among all factors in the whole system is studied. A hierarchy of systems is constructed. Second, according to the standard of the previous layer, the importance of each element in the same layer is compared in pairs to construct a judgment matrix. Third, according to the judgment matrix, the ratio between the comparison element and the standard as well as the judgment matrix and a weight vector is obtained. Finally, the final weights of elements at all levels relative to the highest target layer are analysed and sorted by weight [18].ANP retains the advantages of the original AHP. All the factors in the index system are divided into two layers by ANP: the control layer and the network layer. Among these, goals and criteria are included in the control layer. Although there is no connection between the criteria, the target layer monitors and regulates it. All factors in the network layer are interconnected to form a network structure. These factors are controlled by the control layer [19, 20]. The basic structure of ANP is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Schematic diagram of the structure of ANP.The calculation process of ANP is divided into three parts.(i)
The network architecture is established: because the indicator system contains some indicators with low correlation, the link with low correlation can be deleted by setting a threshold. Factors that are less than the threshold are eliminated. The network structure of the index system is built using residual relations [21].(ii)
A judgment matrix for pairwise comparison is created: Expert analysis is used to draw findings, and then, a judgment matrix is created for pairwise comparison which can be formed between all elements under each criterion with the ANP evaluation level. The ANP evaluation grades are shown in Figure6.(iii)
Construct and calculate the supermatrix: assume that thei-th element combination contains mi factors. If the jth factor combination influences the ith factor combination, then all the factors in the i-th factor combination are dimensionless and administered into one factor in the j-th factor combination to obtain wimjt. The obtained comprehensive matrix Wij of the i-th factor combination to the j-th factor combination is shown in the following equation:(1)Wij=Wi1ji⋯Wi1jn⋮⋱⋮Winji⋯Winjn.Figure 6
Evaluation level of ANP.These factors form the supermatrixW, as shown in the following equation:(2)W=W11⋯W1n⋮⋱⋮Wn1⋯Wnn.Because the supermatrix is partitioned, different block matrices represent the associations of factors ini to elements in combination j. After the influence matrix between the factor combinations is obtained, the correlation between each factor combination is analysed next. Currently, the evaluation object is a combination of factors. The matrix A is obtained by comparing the importance of each factor combination under the standard layer, as shown in the following equation:(3)A=a11⋯a1n⋮⋱⋮an1⋯ann.The largest eigenvalue is used for consistency check, as shown in the following equations:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1,(5)CR=CIRI,where λmax represents the largest eigenvalue; n represents the number of comparison elements; CI represents the uniformity index. When CI = 0, it means that the opinions judged by the evaluators are consistent. The larger the value of CI, the worse the consistency of the judicial opinions of the evaluators. CR represents the proportion of uniformity. RI represents the stochastic indicator, as shown in Table 1.Table 1
Comparison of stochastic indicators (RI).
Matrix order12345678910RI000.520.891.111.251.351.41.451.49After the consistency check, the eigenvectors of different indicators are aggregated into an unweighted supermatrix. Next, the unweighted supermatrix is multiplied by the eigenvectors to obtain the weighted supermatrix. This weighted supermatrix is limited to get the limit matrix. All factors in the limit matrix are factors of network weights. Finally, the ranking order of all factors is derived in this system [22, 23].


#### 2.1.4. Weighting Step Using DEMATEL-ANP

The specific steps of the index weighting method by DEMATEL-ANP are as follows:(1)
The influence relationship among the first-level indicators is judged. The first-level index setM= (M1, M2,…,Mn) is constructed. If the first-level index Mi has a direct impact on Mj, 0 means no impact, 1 means weak impact, 2 means moderate impact, 3 means strong influence, and 4 means very strong influence to indicate the degree of influence between indicators. Therefore, the direct relationship matrix of the mutual influence among the first-level indicators is constructed.(2)
The combined influence matrix is calculated. The normalized direct influence matrix is obtained according to the direct influence matrix, as shown in the following equation:(6)aij=xijmax0≤i≤n∑j=1nxij,where xij represents the degree of influence of the first-level indicator Mi on Mj. For normalization directly affects the matrix A=aijn×n, limk⟶+∞Ak=0m×n. The comprehensive influence matrix T is shown in the following equation:(7)T=tijn×n=limk⟶+∞A+A2+A3+⋯+Ak=AI−A−1,where 0m × n represents the zero matrix. I represents the identity matrix.(3)
The degree of influence and the degree of being influenced are calculated. Based on the comprehensive impact matrixT, the impact degree D and the affected degree R of each indicator are shown in the following equations:(8)D=∑j=1ntij,(9)R=∑i=1ntij.The influence degreeD of the indicator represents the influence of the other indicators. The affected degree R indicates the comprehensive influence degree by other indicators. D + R is defined as the centrality of the indicator, which is used to represent the importance of the indicator in the whole system. D − R is defined as the causal degree of the indicator, which is used to judge the role of the indicator in the whole system [24]. If D − R > 0, it means that the degree of influence of the index is greater than the degree of influence. That is, the index is the cause factor.(4)
Based on the centrality and causality of the first-level indicators determined by DEMATEL, the correlation between the network layer and the control layer is established, thereby constructing the network hierarchy of the indicator system.(5)
After the supermatrix of ANP is established, the weighted supermatrix of ANP is established.(6)
After stabilizing the established supermatrix, the core supermatrix of AHP is calculated by the superdecision software.


#### 2.1.5. Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation Model Based on Improved Grey Relation

The constructed evaluation index system for converting NOKE is a quantitative index, so the evaluation value can be expressed by the closeness between the actual value and the planned target value. However, the constructed evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE has high-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, the grey correlation analysis method is used to calculate the correlation value between the actual value and the planning target value to evaluate the effect of the NOKE conversion.The grey correlation method is a systematic analysis method. The data requirements of this method are not very precise. Through a coordinate axis, it is observed whether several trend lines have the same trend of change and whether the fluctuations of different trend lines are consistent [25]. If there are evaluation objects and influence coefficients, the grey relational analysis method can be used to calculate whether the two sets of data are correlated and the magnitude of the correlation. If the factors that need to be corrected include other interference factors, the model must whiten the data. In the whitening process, it is only eliminated and resolved by calculation. This process is “grey,” and the obtained results are scientific and accurate. Regardless of the number of samples and the regularity of the sample data, the grey relational method can be used [26]. The selection criteria are generally the optimal criteria. The suitable index data and the worst index data are selected as reference sequences. The relationships between different schemes and methods and the optimal and the worst solution are compared. Then, the gaps between the different options are assessed. Perhaps, there are some interfering factors in the evaluation that affect the stability of the evaluation results which are highly correlated with the overall extreme value of the evaluated scheme, as shown in the following equation:(10)∂ki=miniminkxk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xkixk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xki,where ∂ki represents the correlation coefficient between the k-th index of the i-th scheme and the k-th optimal index. xk∗ represents the optimal value of the k-th index. xki indicates the k-th index value of the i-th scheme. ρ represents the resolution coefficient, and ρ∈0,1. In general, the value of ρ is 0.5. miniminkxk∗−xki depends on the minimum value in the method being evaluated, and maximaxkxk∗−xki depends on the maximum value in the method being evaluated.The classic grey relational analysis method simply considers the geometric similarity between data series but ignores numerical proximity. As a result, the form and distance of the traditional grey relational analysis approach have been improved. The basic idea is that the closer the difference between the points of the two sequences is to 0 or closer the quotient is to 1, the closer the two sequences are. The steps of evaluating the effect of the NOKE conversion by the improved grey relational analysis method are as follows.First, the ideal optimal sequence is determined. Second, the data are normalized. Third, the correlation among the normalized sequences is evaluated, and the ideal optimal sequence is calculated as the conversion of NOKE. To further analyse the implementation of the constructed evaluation model for the conversion of NOKE, Liaoning Province is taken as an object. According to the constructed annual evaluation index system of the conversion effect of NOKE, the relevant original data of Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2021 are collected. According to the NOKE conversion target of Liaoning Province, the target value of the indicator is determined. The difference between the original data is relatively large. The original data are normalized to facilitate the analysis.


## 2.1. Research on the Conversion of NOKE

“OKE” referred to traditional functions, such as manufacturing businesses and industries with significant energy consumption and pollution. “NKE” refers to the driving force of industries centered on the economy of new technologies, new industries, new formats, and new models. The emergence of NKE is conducive to accelerating technological upgrading, industrial transformation, and the development of new business forms [9]. The conversion of NOKE transforms NKE and its research and development. The purpose of transforming NOKE is to resolve excess capacity so that more industries can achieve an all-around improvement in the construction of ecological civilization [10]. At this stage, China’s goal of developing NOKE conversion is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
China’s development goals for the conversion of NOKE.In China, there are two ways to realize the NOKE conversion. The first is the macroeconomic road, while the second is the microindustry path. The change of NOKE is primarily fueled by four factors: (i) maximising resource allocation, increasing total factor productivity, and resolving excess capacity; (ii) adhering to the transformation of the economic development model from a resource-driven model to an innovation-driven model, improving the internal driving force of economic development; (iii) expand domestic demand, realize the upgradation of consumption level, continuously adjust the supply and demand structure of products, and finally achieve a balance between supply and demand to resolve some excess capacity; (iv) the government should formulate a standardized and efficient system to ensure the conversion of NOKE. The transformation of NOKE is mainly promoted from three aspects, namely:(i)
Various industries require the transformation of ideas(ii)
Each industry requires the upgrading of capabilities(iii)
The development of various industries should achieve a management revolution


### 2.1.1. Construction of an Annual Evaluation Model for the Conversion Effect of NOKE

Electric power is intimately linked to economic development and electric power data. It indicates the level of economic and social development. The energy consumption level of various industries reflects the changes in the industrial structure as well. The degree of electrification indicates the level of technological development in NOKE conversion. The degree of economic transformation can be shown in energy efficiency and energy structure [11, 12]. The NOKE conversion index system is constructed from three dimensions of electricity, economy, and energy efficiency. The constructed system of annual evaluation indicators for the conversion of NOKE is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Annual evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE.When conducting a comprehensive evaluation, a series of steps should be carried out. These steps include the weighing of each indicator and obtaining relevant results. It is very important to determine the weight of the indicator as the result will directly affect the evaluation conclusion. Therefore, DEMATEL-ANP methods are combined to determine the weight of each indicator. DEMATEL can judge the correlation between the first-level indicators to provide the basis for the construction of the ANP network structure and improve the scientificity.


### 2.1.2. DEMATEL Model

DEMATEL is widely used in many fields such as enterprise planning and decision-making, urban planning and design, geographic environment assessment, and online assessment [13, 14]. The structure and operation steps of DEMATEL are shown in Figure 3.Figure 3
Operation flow of DEMATEL.Defining elements and judging relationships is one of them. It involves evaluating and defining the system’s elements and then judging the relationship between the two elements using expert talks, discussions, and questionnaires. The relationship among elements is first expressed by four influence degrees to construct a matrix of direct relationships, namely 0 represents no influence, 1 represents slight influence, 2 represents strong influence, and 3 represents very influence [15, 16]. To obtain the direct relationship matrix, the experts then compare the elements according to the influence relationship and degree. Finally, the direct relationship matrix is normalized.


### 2.1.3. ANP Model

ANP is suitable for research between indicators with a hierarchy of associations. The emergence of AHP compensates for many of AHP’s flaws. ANP and AHP have similar underlying ideas. However, the model’s construction is the most significant difference between the two. Furthermore, hierarchical relationships necessitate varying degrees of hierarchy. Both AHP and ANP can determine some difficulties that cannot be defined by formula models when evaluating various study objects in the disciplines of technology, economy, and humanities [17]. AHP divides each element into different levels and determines the relative importance of each element. It sorts the relative weight of each level according to the expert opinion and the objective judgment of analysts. The classic AHP hierarchical structure is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of AHP.There are various steps of the AHP research problem. First, the relationship among all factors in the whole system is studied. A hierarchy of systems is constructed. Second, according to the standard of the previous layer, the importance of each element in the same layer is compared in pairs to construct a judgment matrix. Third, according to the judgment matrix, the ratio between the comparison element and the standard as well as the judgment matrix and a weight vector is obtained. Finally, the final weights of elements at all levels relative to the highest target layer are analysed and sorted by weight [18].ANP retains the advantages of the original AHP. All the factors in the index system are divided into two layers by ANP: the control layer and the network layer. Among these, goals and criteria are included in the control layer. Although there is no connection between the criteria, the target layer monitors and regulates it. All factors in the network layer are interconnected to form a network structure. These factors are controlled by the control layer [19, 20]. The basic structure of ANP is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Schematic diagram of the structure of ANP.The calculation process of ANP is divided into three parts.(i)
The network architecture is established: because the indicator system contains some indicators with low correlation, the link with low correlation can be deleted by setting a threshold. Factors that are less than the threshold are eliminated. The network structure of the index system is built using residual relations [21].(ii)
A judgment matrix for pairwise comparison is created: Expert analysis is used to draw findings, and then, a judgment matrix is created for pairwise comparison which can be formed between all elements under each criterion with the ANP evaluation level. The ANP evaluation grades are shown in Figure6.(iii)
Construct and calculate the supermatrix: assume that thei-th element combination contains mi factors. If the jth factor combination influences the ith factor combination, then all the factors in the i-th factor combination are dimensionless and administered into one factor in the j-th factor combination to obtain wimjt. The obtained comprehensive matrix Wij of the i-th factor combination to the j-th factor combination is shown in the following equation:(1)Wij=Wi1ji⋯Wi1jn⋮⋱⋮Winji⋯Winjn.Figure 6
Evaluation level of ANP.These factors form the supermatrixW, as shown in the following equation:(2)W=W11⋯W1n⋮⋱⋮Wn1⋯Wnn.Because the supermatrix is partitioned, different block matrices represent the associations of factors ini to elements in combination j. After the influence matrix between the factor combinations is obtained, the correlation between each factor combination is analysed next. Currently, the evaluation object is a combination of factors. The matrix A is obtained by comparing the importance of each factor combination under the standard layer, as shown in the following equation:(3)A=a11⋯a1n⋮⋱⋮an1⋯ann.The largest eigenvalue is used for consistency check, as shown in the following equations:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1,(5)CR=CIRI,where λmax represents the largest eigenvalue; n represents the number of comparison elements; CI represents the uniformity index. When CI = 0, it means that the opinions judged by the evaluators are consistent. The larger the value of CI, the worse the consistency of the judicial opinions of the evaluators. CR represents the proportion of uniformity. RI represents the stochastic indicator, as shown in Table 1.Table 1
Comparison of stochastic indicators (RI).
Matrix order12345678910RI000.520.891.111.251.351.41.451.49After the consistency check, the eigenvectors of different indicators are aggregated into an unweighted supermatrix. Next, the unweighted supermatrix is multiplied by the eigenvectors to obtain the weighted supermatrix. This weighted supermatrix is limited to get the limit matrix. All factors in the limit matrix are factors of network weights. Finally, the ranking order of all factors is derived in this system [22, 23].


### 2.1.4. Weighting Step Using DEMATEL-ANP

The specific steps of the index weighting method by DEMATEL-ANP are as follows:(1)
The influence relationship among the first-level indicators is judged. The first-level index setM= (M1, M2,…,Mn) is constructed. If the first-level index Mi has a direct impact on Mj, 0 means no impact, 1 means weak impact, 2 means moderate impact, 3 means strong influence, and 4 means very strong influence to indicate the degree of influence between indicators. Therefore, the direct relationship matrix of the mutual influence among the first-level indicators is constructed.(2)
The combined influence matrix is calculated. The normalized direct influence matrix is obtained according to the direct influence matrix, as shown in the following equation:(6)aij=xijmax0≤i≤n∑j=1nxij,where xij represents the degree of influence of the first-level indicator Mi on Mj. For normalization directly affects the matrix A=aijn×n, limk⟶+∞Ak=0m×n. The comprehensive influence matrix T is shown in the following equation:(7)T=tijn×n=limk⟶+∞A+A2+A3+⋯+Ak=AI−A−1,where 0m × n represents the zero matrix. I represents the identity matrix.(3)
The degree of influence and the degree of being influenced are calculated. Based on the comprehensive impact matrixT, the impact degree D and the affected degree R of each indicator are shown in the following equations:(8)D=∑j=1ntij,(9)R=∑i=1ntij.The influence degreeD of the indicator represents the influence of the other indicators. The affected degree R indicates the comprehensive influence degree by other indicators. D + R is defined as the centrality of the indicator, which is used to represent the importance of the indicator in the whole system. D − R is defined as the causal degree of the indicator, which is used to judge the role of the indicator in the whole system [24]. If D − R > 0, it means that the degree of influence of the index is greater than the degree of influence. That is, the index is the cause factor.(4)
Based on the centrality and causality of the first-level indicators determined by DEMATEL, the correlation between the network layer and the control layer is established, thereby constructing the network hierarchy of the indicator system.(5)
After the supermatrix of ANP is established, the weighted supermatrix of ANP is established.(6)
After stabilizing the established supermatrix, the core supermatrix of AHP is calculated by the superdecision software.


### 2.1.5. Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation Model Based on Improved Grey Relation

The constructed evaluation index system for converting NOKE is a quantitative index, so the evaluation value can be expressed by the closeness between the actual value and the planned target value. However, the constructed evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE has high-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, the grey correlation analysis method is used to calculate the correlation value between the actual value and the planning target value to evaluate the effect of the NOKE conversion.The grey correlation method is a systematic analysis method. The data requirements of this method are not very precise. Through a coordinate axis, it is observed whether several trend lines have the same trend of change and whether the fluctuations of different trend lines are consistent [25]. If there are evaluation objects and influence coefficients, the grey relational analysis method can be used to calculate whether the two sets of data are correlated and the magnitude of the correlation. If the factors that need to be corrected include other interference factors, the model must whiten the data. In the whitening process, it is only eliminated and resolved by calculation. This process is “grey,” and the obtained results are scientific and accurate. Regardless of the number of samples and the regularity of the sample data, the grey relational method can be used [26]. The selection criteria are generally the optimal criteria. The suitable index data and the worst index data are selected as reference sequences. The relationships between different schemes and methods and the optimal and the worst solution are compared. Then, the gaps between the different options are assessed. Perhaps, there are some interfering factors in the evaluation that affect the stability of the evaluation results which are highly correlated with the overall extreme value of the evaluated scheme, as shown in the following equation:(10)∂ki=miniminkxk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xkixk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xki,where ∂ki represents the correlation coefficient between the k-th index of the i-th scheme and the k-th optimal index. xk∗ represents the optimal value of the k-th index. xki indicates the k-th index value of the i-th scheme. ρ represents the resolution coefficient, and ρ∈0,1. In general, the value of ρ is 0.5. miniminkxk∗−xki depends on the minimum value in the method being evaluated, and maximaxkxk∗−xki depends on the maximum value in the method being evaluated.The classic grey relational analysis method simply considers the geometric similarity between data series but ignores numerical proximity. As a result, the form and distance of the traditional grey relational analysis approach have been improved. The basic idea is that the closer the difference between the points of the two sequences is to 0 or closer the quotient is to 1, the closer the two sequences are. The steps of evaluating the effect of the NOKE conversion by the improved grey relational analysis method are as follows.First, the ideal optimal sequence is determined. Second, the data are normalized. Third, the correlation among the normalized sequences is evaluated, and the ideal optimal sequence is calculated as the conversion of NOKE. To further analyse the implementation of the constructed evaluation model for the conversion of NOKE, Liaoning Province is taken as an object. According to the constructed annual evaluation index system of the conversion effect of NOKE, the relevant original data of Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2021 are collected. According to the NOKE conversion target of Liaoning Province, the target value of the indicator is determined. The difference between the original data is relatively large. The original data are normalized to facilitate the analysis.


## 2.1.1. Construction of an Annual Evaluation Model for the Conversion Effect of NOKE

Electric power is intimately linked to economic development and electric power data. It indicates the level of economic and social development. The energy consumption level of various industries reflects the changes in the industrial structure as well. The degree of electrification indicates the level of technological development in NOKE conversion. The degree of economic transformation can be shown in energy efficiency and energy structure [11, 12]. The NOKE conversion index system is constructed from three dimensions of electricity, economy, and energy efficiency. The constructed system of annual evaluation indicators for the conversion of NOKE is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Annual evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE.When conducting a comprehensive evaluation, a series of steps should be carried out. These steps include the weighing of each indicator and obtaining relevant results. It is very important to determine the weight of the indicator as the result will directly affect the evaluation conclusion. Therefore, DEMATEL-ANP methods are combined to determine the weight of each indicator. DEMATEL can judge the correlation between the first-level indicators to provide the basis for the construction of the ANP network structure and improve the scientificity.


## 2.1.2. DEMATEL Model

DEMATEL is widely used in many fields such as enterprise planning and decision-making, urban planning and design, geographic environment assessment, and online assessment [13, 14]. The structure and operation steps of DEMATEL are shown in Figure 3.Figure 3
Operation flow of DEMATEL.Defining elements and judging relationships is one of them. It involves evaluating and defining the system’s elements and then judging the relationship between the two elements using expert talks, discussions, and questionnaires. The relationship among elements is first expressed by four influence degrees to construct a matrix of direct relationships, namely 0 represents no influence, 1 represents slight influence, 2 represents strong influence, and 3 represents very influence [15, 16]. To obtain the direct relationship matrix, the experts then compare the elements according to the influence relationship and degree. Finally, the direct relationship matrix is normalized.


## 2.1.3. ANP Model

ANP is suitable for research between indicators with a hierarchy of associations. The emergence of AHP compensates for many of AHP’s flaws. ANP and AHP have similar underlying ideas. However, the model’s construction is the most significant difference between the two. Furthermore, hierarchical relationships necessitate varying degrees of hierarchy. Both AHP and ANP can determine some difficulties that cannot be defined by formula models when evaluating various study objects in the disciplines of technology, economy, and humanities [17]. AHP divides each element into different levels and determines the relative importance of each element. It sorts the relative weight of each level according to the expert opinion and the objective judgment of analysts. The classic AHP hierarchical structure is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4
Schematic diagram of AHP.There are various steps of the AHP research problem. First, the relationship among all factors in the whole system is studied. A hierarchy of systems is constructed. Second, according to the standard of the previous layer, the importance of each element in the same layer is compared in pairs to construct a judgment matrix. Third, according to the judgment matrix, the ratio between the comparison element and the standard as well as the judgment matrix and a weight vector is obtained. Finally, the final weights of elements at all levels relative to the highest target layer are analysed and sorted by weight [18].ANP retains the advantages of the original AHP. All the factors in the index system are divided into two layers by ANP: the control layer and the network layer. Among these, goals and criteria are included in the control layer. Although there is no connection between the criteria, the target layer monitors and regulates it. All factors in the network layer are interconnected to form a network structure. These factors are controlled by the control layer [19, 20]. The basic structure of ANP is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Schematic diagram of the structure of ANP.The calculation process of ANP is divided into three parts.(i)
The network architecture is established: because the indicator system contains some indicators with low correlation, the link with low correlation can be deleted by setting a threshold. Factors that are less than the threshold are eliminated. The network structure of the index system is built using residual relations [21].(ii)
A judgment matrix for pairwise comparison is created: Expert analysis is used to draw findings, and then, a judgment matrix is created for pairwise comparison which can be formed between all elements under each criterion with the ANP evaluation level. The ANP evaluation grades are shown in Figure6.(iii)
Construct and calculate the supermatrix: assume that thei-th element combination contains mi factors. If the jth factor combination influences the ith factor combination, then all the factors in the i-th factor combination are dimensionless and administered into one factor in the j-th factor combination to obtain wimjt. The obtained comprehensive matrix Wij of the i-th factor combination to the j-th factor combination is shown in the following equation:(1)Wij=Wi1ji⋯Wi1jn⋮⋱⋮Winji⋯Winjn.Figure 6
Evaluation level of ANP.These factors form the supermatrixW, as shown in the following equation:(2)W=W11⋯W1n⋮⋱⋮Wn1⋯Wnn.Because the supermatrix is partitioned, different block matrices represent the associations of factors ini to elements in combination j. After the influence matrix between the factor combinations is obtained, the correlation between each factor combination is analysed next. Currently, the evaluation object is a combination of factors. The matrix A is obtained by comparing the importance of each factor combination under the standard layer, as shown in the following equation:(3)A=a11⋯a1n⋮⋱⋮an1⋯ann.The largest eigenvalue is used for consistency check, as shown in the following equations:(4)CI=λmax−nn−1,(5)CR=CIRI,where λmax represents the largest eigenvalue; n represents the number of comparison elements; CI represents the uniformity index. When CI = 0, it means that the opinions judged by the evaluators are consistent. The larger the value of CI, the worse the consistency of the judicial opinions of the evaluators. CR represents the proportion of uniformity. RI represents the stochastic indicator, as shown in Table 1.Table 1
Comparison of stochastic indicators (RI).
Matrix order12345678910RI000.520.891.111.251.351.41.451.49After the consistency check, the eigenvectors of different indicators are aggregated into an unweighted supermatrix. Next, the unweighted supermatrix is multiplied by the eigenvectors to obtain the weighted supermatrix. This weighted supermatrix is limited to get the limit matrix. All factors in the limit matrix are factors of network weights. Finally, the ranking order of all factors is derived in this system [22, 23].


## 2.1.4. Weighting Step Using DEMATEL-ANP

The specific steps of the index weighting method by DEMATEL-ANP are as follows:(1)
The influence relationship among the first-level indicators is judged. The first-level index setM= (M1, M2,…,Mn) is constructed. If the first-level index Mi has a direct impact on Mj, 0 means no impact, 1 means weak impact, 2 means moderate impact, 3 means strong influence, and 4 means very strong influence to indicate the degree of influence between indicators. Therefore, the direct relationship matrix of the mutual influence among the first-level indicators is constructed.(2)
The combined influence matrix is calculated. The normalized direct influence matrix is obtained according to the direct influence matrix, as shown in the following equation:(6)aij=xijmax0≤i≤n∑j=1nxij,where xij represents the degree of influence of the first-level indicator Mi on Mj. For normalization directly affects the matrix A=aijn×n, limk⟶+∞Ak=0m×n. The comprehensive influence matrix T is shown in the following equation:(7)T=tijn×n=limk⟶+∞A+A2+A3+⋯+Ak=AI−A−1,where 0m × n represents the zero matrix. I represents the identity matrix.(3)
The degree of influence and the degree of being influenced are calculated. Based on the comprehensive impact matrixT, the impact degree D and the affected degree R of each indicator are shown in the following equations:(8)D=∑j=1ntij,(9)R=∑i=1ntij.The influence degreeD of the indicator represents the influence of the other indicators. The affected degree R indicates the comprehensive influence degree by other indicators. D + R is defined as the centrality of the indicator, which is used to represent the importance of the indicator in the whole system. D − R is defined as the causal degree of the indicator, which is used to judge the role of the indicator in the whole system [24]. If D − R > 0, it means that the degree of influence of the index is greater than the degree of influence. That is, the index is the cause factor.(4)
Based on the centrality and causality of the first-level indicators determined by DEMATEL, the correlation between the network layer and the control layer is established, thereby constructing the network hierarchy of the indicator system.(5)
After the supermatrix of ANP is established, the weighted supermatrix of ANP is established.(6)
After stabilizing the established supermatrix, the core supermatrix of AHP is calculated by the superdecision software.


## 2.1.5. Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation Model Based on Improved Grey Relation

The constructed evaluation index system for converting NOKE is a quantitative index, so the evaluation value can be expressed by the closeness between the actual value and the planned target value. However, the constructed evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE has high-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, the grey correlation analysis method is used to calculate the correlation value between the actual value and the planning target value to evaluate the effect of the NOKE conversion.The grey correlation method is a systematic analysis method. The data requirements of this method are not very precise. Through a coordinate axis, it is observed whether several trend lines have the same trend of change and whether the fluctuations of different trend lines are consistent [25]. If there are evaluation objects and influence coefficients, the grey relational analysis method can be used to calculate whether the two sets of data are correlated and the magnitude of the correlation. If the factors that need to be corrected include other interference factors, the model must whiten the data. In the whitening process, it is only eliminated and resolved by calculation. This process is “grey,” and the obtained results are scientific and accurate. Regardless of the number of samples and the regularity of the sample data, the grey relational method can be used [26]. The selection criteria are generally the optimal criteria. The suitable index data and the worst index data are selected as reference sequences. The relationships between different schemes and methods and the optimal and the worst solution are compared. Then, the gaps between the different options are assessed. Perhaps, there are some interfering factors in the evaluation that affect the stability of the evaluation results which are highly correlated with the overall extreme value of the evaluated scheme, as shown in the following equation:(10)∂ki=miniminkxk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xkixk∗−xki+ρ∗maximaxkxk∗−xki,where ∂ki represents the correlation coefficient between the k-th index of the i-th scheme and the k-th optimal index. xk∗ represents the optimal value of the k-th index. xki indicates the k-th index value of the i-th scheme. ρ represents the resolution coefficient, and ρ∈0,1. In general, the value of ρ is 0.5. miniminkxk∗−xki depends on the minimum value in the method being evaluated, and maximaxkxk∗−xki depends on the maximum value in the method being evaluated.The classic grey relational analysis method simply considers the geometric similarity between data series but ignores numerical proximity. As a result, the form and distance of the traditional grey relational analysis approach have been improved. The basic idea is that the closer the difference between the points of the two sequences is to 0 or closer the quotient is to 1, the closer the two sequences are. The steps of evaluating the effect of the NOKE conversion by the improved grey relational analysis method are as follows.First, the ideal optimal sequence is determined. Second, the data are normalized. Third, the correlation among the normalized sequences is evaluated, and the ideal optimal sequence is calculated as the conversion of NOKE. To further analyse the implementation of the constructed evaluation model for the conversion of NOKE, Liaoning Province is taken as an object. According to the constructed annual evaluation index system of the conversion effect of NOKE, the relevant original data of Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2021 are collected. According to the NOKE conversion target of Liaoning Province, the target value of the indicator is determined. The difference between the original data is relatively large. The original data are normalized to facilitate the analysis.


## 3. Results and Discussion

### 3.1. Weight Calculation Result

DEMATEL is used to analyse the correlation between the primary indicators. The centrality (D + R) and causality (D − R) results of each first-level index are shown in Figure 7(a). According to the ANP network hierarchy of the indicator system, the weight coefficient results of all secondary indicators are calculated by SuperDecision software, as shown in Figure 7(b).Figure 7
Weight calculation results. (a) Centrality and causality of primary indicators; (b) ANP weight results of secondary indicators.
(a)(b)In Figure7(a), the D-Rs of the economic index (M1) and the energy efficiency index (M3) are 0.372 and 0.463, respectively, in Figure 7(a). Both these values are greater than 0. This demonstrates the stronger impact of economic indicators and energy efficiency regulations on other indicators as compared to those influenced by other indicators. Therefore, economic indicators and energy efficiency indicators are the causal factors. The D − R of the electricity consumption index (M2) is −0.802 (<0), indicating that the electricity consumption index is the resulting factor. Electricity consumption indicators are more important than economic indicators and energy efficiency indicators. In Figure 7(b), among all secondary indicators, the proportion of high-tech industry exports (M16) has the largest weight value which is 0.0912. The weight of the electrification level (M24) is 0.0815 which is second only to the proportion of high-tech industry exports. Among the top five indicators in the ranking of weight values, power indicators account for three. The power industry, therefore, plays a key role in the conversion of NOKE and so it should receive more attention.


### 3.2. Annual Effectiveness Evaluation Results of the Conversion of NOKE

According to the evaluation model of the conversion effect of NOKE based on the improved grey correlation, the evaluation index value and the target value of the evaluation index in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2021 are substituted into the model. The grey correlation between the NOKE conversion index sequence and the target sequence results is shown in Table2.Table 2
Liaoning Province’s NOKE conversion results, 2019–2021.
Years201920202021Performance value0.79560.8030.9448In Table2, the evaluation value of the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province in 2019 is 0.7956. In 2020, it was 0.803, and in 2021, it was 0.9448. The evaluation value in Liaoning Province is increasing year by year, indicating that the conversion effect of NOKE is becoming more and more significant. A series of NOKE conversion measures have achieved positive results. In order to further analyse the main factors affecting the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province, the evaluation index and the target value from 2019 to 2021 are compared, as shown in Figure 8.Figure 8
Comparison between the evaluation index value and the target value of the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province.In Figure8, in 2021, the conversion of NOKE in 2021 has obtained all-around achievements in Liaoning Province, which is higher than that of 2019 and 2020. When the weights and performance index values are added together, the export of high-tech industries (M16), industrial electricity consumption (M22), and level of electrification (M24) become the top three critical indicators of NOKE conversion, and this indicates that the government should pay more for heed and care.


## 3.1. Weight Calculation Result

DEMATEL is used to analyse the correlation between the primary indicators. The centrality (D + R) and causality (D − R) results of each first-level index are shown in Figure 7(a). According to the ANP network hierarchy of the indicator system, the weight coefficient results of all secondary indicators are calculated by SuperDecision software, as shown in Figure 7(b).Figure 7
Weight calculation results. (a) Centrality and causality of primary indicators; (b) ANP weight results of secondary indicators.
(a)(b)In Figure7(a), the D-Rs of the economic index (M1) and the energy efficiency index (M3) are 0.372 and 0.463, respectively, in Figure 7(a). Both these values are greater than 0. This demonstrates the stronger impact of economic indicators and energy efficiency regulations on other indicators as compared to those influenced by other indicators. Therefore, economic indicators and energy efficiency indicators are the causal factors. The D − R of the electricity consumption index (M2) is −0.802 (<0), indicating that the electricity consumption index is the resulting factor. Electricity consumption indicators are more important than economic indicators and energy efficiency indicators. In Figure 7(b), among all secondary indicators, the proportion of high-tech industry exports (M16) has the largest weight value which is 0.0912. The weight of the electrification level (M24) is 0.0815 which is second only to the proportion of high-tech industry exports. Among the top five indicators in the ranking of weight values, power indicators account for three. The power industry, therefore, plays a key role in the conversion of NOKE and so it should receive more attention.


## 3.2. Annual Effectiveness Evaluation Results of the Conversion of NOKE

According to the evaluation model of the conversion effect of NOKE based on the improved grey correlation, the evaluation index value and the target value of the evaluation index in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2021 are substituted into the model. The grey correlation between the NOKE conversion index sequence and the target sequence results is shown in Table2.Table 2
Liaoning Province’s NOKE conversion results, 2019–2021.
Years201920202021Performance value0.79560.8030.9448In Table2, the evaluation value of the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province in 2019 is 0.7956. In 2020, it was 0.803, and in 2021, it was 0.9448. The evaluation value in Liaoning Province is increasing year by year, indicating that the conversion effect of NOKE is becoming more and more significant. A series of NOKE conversion measures have achieved positive results. In order to further analyse the main factors affecting the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province, the evaluation index and the target value from 2019 to 2021 are compared, as shown in Figure 8.Figure 8
Comparison between the evaluation index value and the target value of the conversion effect of NOKE in Liaoning Province.In Figure8, in 2021, the conversion of NOKE in 2021 has obtained all-around achievements in Liaoning Province, which is higher than that of 2019 and 2020. When the weights and performance index values are added together, the export of high-tech industries (M16), industrial electricity consumption (M22), and level of electrification (M24) become the top three critical indicators of NOKE conversion, and this indicates that the government should pay more for heed and care.


## 4. Conclusions

The conversion of NOKE is the conversion and strengthening of OKE, an important strategic measure for cultivating and developing NKE. It is also an important way to achieve high-quality economic development driven by innovation. In the cloud computing environment, an evaluation model for converting NOKE is constructed that is based on DEMATEL-ANP and the improved grey relational method. Liaoning Province is selected as the object to collect data for empirical analysis. The results show that the conversion of NOKE in Liaoning Province in 2021 is higher than that in 2019 and 2020. It has achieved more remarkable results, and a series of NOKE conversion measures have achieved positive results. The conversion of NOKE in the province has achieved all-around results. However, the disadvantage is that the proposed annual evaluation index system for the conversion of NOKE is based on annual data. Although the effect of the conversion of NOKE can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple dimensions, the data acquisition of this indicator system is relatively lagging. Therefore, in the future, the study will try to build a monthly detection indicator system to convert NOKE.



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