# Rehabilitation Training and Prevention of Athlete’s Hind Thigh Muscle Injury Based on IoT Intelligent Data

Authors: Peng Sun
Journal: Journal of Nanomaterials
 (2022)

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## Abstract

With the rapid development of information science today, the Internet of Things technology is gradually being applied to all walks of life, and the multifunction and intelligentization of instruments have gradually become the focus of people’s attention. In recent years, domestic track and field sports have developed to a certain extent, but at the same time, it must also be noted that there are still some difficulties and problems in the development of domestic track and field sports. This article was aimed at studying the application of the rehabilitation training and prevention of athletes’ hind thigh muscle group injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things and puts forward the idea of using the intelligent data of the Internet of Things to better use in sports rehabilitation and prevention. This article describes in detail track and field training, athletes’ hindquarters muscle injury, and so on. The application experiment of rehabilitation training and prevention of athlete’s hind thigh muscle group injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things has been made. The experimental results show that the rehabilitation training and prevention program of athletes’ hind thigh muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things can effectively reduce the athlete’s muscle injury during training, and it is more than 10% higher than the traditional prevention program. It can effectively improve the bad and wrong movement patterns of athletes, improve their own stability, flexibility, and balance, optimize the transmission of the body’s power chain, and improve the athletes’ ability to perform competitively.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Track and field training in physical education institutions is an important part of track and field training in China [1]. Sports school track and field training has provided a large number of excellent talents for the national track and field team, and some athletes have achieved excellent results in the world competition [2]. But for a long time, sports injury has been one of the important factors restricting the health and sustainable development of competitive sports. It not only affects the normal training of athletes but also ends the sports career of athletes prematurely, which is not only a personal regret for athletes but is also a major loss and waste of resources in competitive sports, which is one of the problems to be solved urgently in competitive sports.The basic skills of athletes should be improved and corrected in time. In addition, the learning and mastering of new technology should be arranged in the period when athletes are in good physical and mental state, so as to avoid learning technology under physical and mental fatigue and bad state [3]. Preparatory activities have made full physical and mental preparation for formal training, which must be paid attention to in training. In winter preparation, athletes should also pay attention to clothing and preparation time. Different special events have fixed action patterns and specific muscle groups [4].The main reasons that affect the prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries of college athletes are as follows: the increasing number of sports competitions makes athletes do not have enough time for systematic and complete rehabilitation training, and sports injuries are accumulated and repeated. The existing rehabilitation training is difficult to meet the training requirements of athletes, and it is difficult to achieve effective recovery after high-intensity training. [5]. The subject consciousness of athletes refers to their cognition and consciousness of sports injury in training [6]. Track and field athletes are in the process of physical and mental development. In terms of time, sports injury can be divided into early, middle, and late [7]. In the early stage of sports injury, the manifestations of sports injury in this period are local tissue ischemia, obvious pain in the injured part of athletes, a large amount of tissue fluid exudation, and swelling in the injured part [8].In this paper, the method of experimental research is used to understand the influence of the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of track and field athletes and to find out the way of sports injury of track and field athletes through theoretical analysis and experimental research; through data recording, sorting, calculation, drawing, and analysis, the data are processed. Through the simulation of the statistical data set of the later rehabilitation training and prevention of the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of track and field athletes, combined with the data, the role of the posterior femoral muscle group in the track and field sports is empirically analyzed and combined with the effective data. The article further summarizes and sorts out the specific methods of the athlete’s posterior thigh muscle injury, the specific requirements of the exercise movements, the advanced movements, and the training load characteristics, enriches and improves the training methods and contents of the sports injury in the physical function training system of college athletes, provides theoretical and practical guidance for coaches, athletes, and other researchers of college long jump training teams and other training teams, and further improves the scientific, systematic, informatization, and rationalization level of the training system of college training teams.


## 2. Injury of Posterior Femoral Muscles of Track and Field Athletes

### 2.1. Track and Field Training

The development of track and field athletes needs years of training. Athletes mainly rely on the functions of the ATP-CP system. The absolute speed level of the track and field athlete determines the performance. The speed of the athlete mainly depends on the elongation-contraction ability of the knee and ankle extensor muscles and the ability of the hip joint to contract concentrically. The coordination of speed and explosiveness is the key to determining track and field performance. However, due to the influence of the basic training conditions of track and field and the professional level of coaches, some athletes have different degrees of sports injury, which affects the quality and systematization of the basic training stage. In track and field training, some coaches still rely on experience training, lack of deep understanding of scientific training, and pay too much attention to competition results, which is not conducive to the development of athletes. This situation leads to different degrees and types of sports injuries. The training of high level athletes in track and field is a systematic project. In the system training, the training is carried out in stages. Different training stages complement each other to form a system [9, 10]. If there are more and more serious sports injuries in training, it will not only affect the quality of training but also break the training system. With the increase of modern sports events, the intensity of training is increasing day by day, and even competition is used instead of training. This increases the risk of injury to athletes. With its unique charm, sports attract people to participate in it and enjoy the tension, excitement, excitement, and joy after winning the whole process. It has multiple functions of promoting social development. More and more modern sports training load trend content orientation, load measurement specialization, many years of training process, and training team composition diversification, which means that the complexity of modern sports training organization and implementation and the requirements of comprehensive training are higher, and the requirements of human body in psychology are more and more in-depth, so the actual needs of social activities are higher and higher [11, 12]. Sports have higher requirements and standards for athletes participating in sports competitions. After a long period of practice, sports have become a practical social activity to realize the individual social value of athletes. This is the essential characteristic and internal requirement of sports training. The performance of sports mainly depends on the existing level of athletes [13]. The ultimate goal of competition and training is to achieve excellent results. Psychological ability plays an important role in the ability constitution of track and field athletes. The process of athletes’ long-term training until the highest achievement is closely related to individual psychological development [14]. In the early stage of scientific development, people’s understanding of sports is relatively low, and they pay attention to the physiological response of body function. Although they have a corresponding understanding of psychology, the research still needs to be strengthened. At the same time, some social factors that are expected by the outside world, lack of psychological coordination and cooperation, often lead to the situation is not ideal, lack of psychological adjustment and maintenance, resulting in their own regret, anger, and other psychological differences. Psychological ability is the key to achieve the level of athletes and achieve ideal sports results. For athletes engaged in sports, the level of motivation to a certain extent affects the performance of individuals or the quality and effect of daily sports training. The realization of social value and self-worth of athletes needs long-term motivation. The quality of incentive determines the realization of incentive demand and the degree of target acquisition. Therefore, athletes have formed professional representatives for a long time. In other words, professional competition and long-term guidance and training are the long-term mechanism of athletes’ long-term work. Will quality is the basic guarantee for athletes to overcome the tough training competition [15].


### 2.2. Posterior Femoral Muscle Damage

“Injury” has a broader and richer meaning and scope than “sports injury,” and the meaning and scope of “sports injury” is more specific and detailed, especially referring to various acute and chronic injuries that occur during sports. Therefore, the word “injury” includes “sports injury,” and “sports injury” is more professional, scientific, normative, and rational than “injury” in sports application. Patients with severe injuries need to be hospitalized for a long time and lose their ability to exercise completely, especially the pull injury of posterior femoral muscle group. The main reason of lower extremity injury is the theory of muscle involvement. If the lower extremity hemorrhage cannot be absorbed, it will form fibrous tissue and new bone. For example, too much treading and retreating will make flexor and squat muscles, flexor digitorum, and posterior tibial muscles contract repeatedly, causing a series of pathological changes of periosteum of legs. No matter what the cause of periostitis, if the local load can be in the early stage, timely adjustment of running, jumping, and support can reduce exercise, appropriate treatment can be taken to reduce inflammation and tissue repair process, and adaptive changes will also occur, which will improve the load capacity of bone tissue. Therefore, coaches and athletes should fully consider the mechanism of sports injury and reasonably adjust the training plan when making the training plan. The main reason why the waist and back are easy to be damaged is that the gravity exceeds the endurance of the trunk for a period of time. The proximal end of the rowing bone is relatively narrow and long, and the longitudinal span between the two rows of carpal bones is the most likely to be fractured in the carpal bone. However, due to the track and field without using the wrist, only the wrist closely related to the throwing event and the injured wrist of track and field athletes are relatively low.Injury of the thigh muscles is common in track and field, football, etc. Although most injuries do not require surgical treatment, athletes need to rest for 2-8 weeks before returning to the level before injury. After athletes resume normal training and competition, repeated posterior femoral muscle strains can lead to longer recovery time, chronic pain, and dysfunction and can even end of their sports careers. Due to the serious consequences of tension, a lot of manpower, material, and financial resources are invested to prevent the tension of the posterior femoral muscles and improve the rehabilitation effect of tension. Strains mainly occur when the muscles are stretched. Strains are related to muscle strains, not to muscle contraction force and speed. Muscle strain is defined as the ratio of muscle relative resting length increment to muscle resting length. In a given human movement, when the muscle length increments are similar, the optimal length of the muscle is shorter, the strain of the muscle is larger, and the risk of injury increases. On the other hand, when the optimal muscle length is similar, the greater the muscle length increment, the greater the muscle strain and the greater the risk of strain. Sprinting is the most important form of movement that leads to the pulling of the posterior femoral muscles. The huge load of the posterior femoral muscles is the cause of the traction. Therefore, we believe that the early stage of the support stage is a high-risk stage of tug-of-war. The tug-of-war for muscles is caused by excessive strain, and huge muscle contraction is not a necessary condition. On the one hand, it affects the size of the muscle strain by affecting the optimal length of the muscle; on the other hand, it may also affect the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during sprinting, thereby affecting the length increase of the posterior femoral muscle group and ultimately affecting the size of the strain and changing the risk of contingency. Insufficiency of the hamstrings is considered to be the main cause of hamstring injuries. Deficiencies in the hamstrings can result in insufficient hamstrings against the quadriceps during knee extension during the swing phase. Assuming that this is the mechanism of hamstring injury, it is a further inference that the imbalance of muscle strength at the thigh is the cause of hamstring injury.The hamstring is mainly composed of type II fibers of fast twitch fibers. This muscle group is a typical biarticular muscle, consisting of the biceps femoris located on the back of the thigh, the long and short biceps, and the semitendinosus located on the back of the thigh muscle and semimembranosus muscle. In running movements (especially fast movements), the biceps femoris and semimembranosus are powerful extensors of the hip joint, while semimembranosus is the agonist for knee flexion and calf flexion in addition to coextending the hip. However, the current training methods cannot train this muscle group well, so in high-speed exercise, the injury and recurrence of the posterior femoral muscle group are very common. Severe strain of the proximal part of the posterior femoral muscle group may also affect the lower limb function of the patient. Incomplete recovery after injury will lead to repeated or aggravation of the disease, resulting in difficult recovery, and the second injury is often more serious than the previous one. Repeated injury of the posterior group of extensor muscles may lead to lumbar deformation and reduce the deformation and range of motion of the knee joint, the adhesion of the common peroneal nerve, the reduction of the strength of the quadriceps femoris, and so on. At the same time, it will increase the risk of other parts of the lower limb, such as the anterior cruciate ligament. Serious pull injury of posterior femoral muscle group not only brings great pain to athletes but also brings great economic loss to clubs or sports teams. More than half of the injuries were related to the biceps femoris, and most of them occurred in the long head of biceps femoris. Because the long head and the short head of biceps femoris are controlled by different nerves, this unique dual innervation makes asynchronous nerve stimulation lead to asynchronous contraction of muscles, thus weakening the ability of muscles to produce effective tension control strong load, and at the same time, the relatively short length of muscle fibers also makes pulling. In a given human action, the shorter the optimal muscle length, the greater the muscle tension, and the higher the risk of injury. Serious traction injury of posterior femoral muscle group may be caused by exceeding the physiological limit in a certain exercise process, or it may be the result of long-term microinjury accumulation. It is also possible that the two mechanisms together lead to the final result of the strain. Although jumping, slow overstretching, and so on will cause the strain of the posterior thigh muscles, sprint is still the most important form of exercise.


### 2.3. Preventive Measures

The main problem of the injury mechanism of the posterior femoral muscles during sprinting is the injury time. In addition to the large knee flexion, the hip extension supports the early stage. In order to resist the acceleration of the forward swing of the leg, the strong contraction of the posterior femoral muscles produces greater knee flexion in the final stage of the swing. The early support period and the later swing period are both high-risk periods of sprained posterior femoral muscles. In daily walking and squatting positions, the knee and hip joints have completed the bending movement, and these two joints have opposite effects on the extension of the thigh muscles. This unique dual innervation causes asynchronous nerve stimulation to cause muscles to contract asynchronously. All three muscles of the posterior femoral muscle come from the ischial tuberosity behind the pelvis. Therefore, when the forward angle of the pelvis increases, the posterior thigh muscles will be in a longer state, which may increase the risk of injury. In certain human activities, the greater the muscle tension, the greater the risk of injury. The optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group with a history of strain may be shorter, and the risk of restrain may increase. Therefore, the knee flexion angle at the moment of maximum knee flexion can be used to reflect the strain risk of the posterior femoral muscles. Is the change in the optimal length the cause of the previous strain or the result of the previous strain? The ability of tired muscles to resist stretching decreases. In the case of absorbing the same energy, fatigued muscles will stretch longer than nonfatigue muscles, so it is easier to reach a stretched tension state, and the risk of fatigued muscles is higher. Power imbalance is a potential risk factor for posterior femoral muscle stretch injury. The imbalance of strength mainly includes the weakness of the posterior femoral muscle, the imbalance of the strength of the posterior femoral muscles on both sides, and the low strength ratio of the posterior femoral muscle to the quadriceps muscle. The strength of the posterior femoral muscles and quadriceps is relatively weak. In the late stage of the sprint, the eccentric contraction of the posterior femoral muscles is not enough to prevent the swing of the front legs, which may lead to excessive stretching of the posterior femoral muscles, resulting in tension. Because the deformation of the posterior femoral muscle group mainly occurs in the process of strong eccentric contraction, the centripetal muscle force ratio is said to not reflect the actual function of the posterior femoral muscle group. The ratio of centrifugal force to centripetal quadriceps is widely used. During sprinting, the maximum muscle tension of the thigh muscle group is much greater than the maximum muscle tension at the maximum muscle stretching speed, and the maximum muscle stretching speed is much greater than the maximum muscle tension at the maximum muscle tension. Although the occurrence of muscle strain is not directly related to the speed of muscle contraction, once the strain occurs, the speed of muscle stretching may affect the degree of muscle strain and tear. The most important thing in functional recovery is not to force it. We should step up the practice step by step. Pain means overload and delayed recovery.Functional recovery takes pain as an important indicator, and it is gradually performed in the order of flexibility, muscle strength, speed, coordination ability, and overall endurance, and functional recovery is achieved in the shortest time. Acupuncture, massage, and other treatments called physiotherapy must also be performed under the guidance of a doctor. The purpose of functional recovery is to restore the normal state before the injury. It can perform normal activities as before, with the previous strength and explosive power, restore the active area of the joints, and obtain the maximum muscle strength. If you return to the state before the injury, you can return to the court. The first step of the functional recovery plan is emergency treatment, the second step is to restore the range of motion of the joint, and the third step is to restore strength. The next step is to restore muscle strength. The most difficult part of functional recovery training is the recovery of muscle strength. The recovery of muscle strength is very important, especially for athletes who need muscle strength and explosiveness. Equipment is also essential in the training of muscle function recovery. When an athlete is injured, the countermeasures should be from the initial prevention to the subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. The general prevention method is daily physical exercise and storage, so as to improve their own quality. Before the training, we should also be able to reasonably restore our relaxed nature and work hard in medical work. When there is a treatment problem, it cannot be delayed from on-site first aid to late delivery. After receiving treatment, athletes should be able to maintain their confidence in recovery and recover in time. The excessive damage of the skeletal muscle system is mainly caused by the long-term fatigue effect that exceeds the capacity of the lower limbs to bear the structure. It is related to the overload and repetitive stress of the musculoskeletal system. Although in many structures of the skeletal muscle system, repeated stress may lead to overuse injury, this does not mean that in order to avoid injury, the stress of the skeletal muscle system should be reduced to a very small extent.Positive adaptation occurs when the applied repeated stress is below the mechanical limit of the structure and there is sufficient time interval between the stresses. On the other hand, negative adaptation is that the applied stress exceeds the mechanical limit at a certain moment. As for the location of the injury, the results are different due to different athletics. Usually, when many athletes have a poor grasp of the landing angle when taking off, or have problems in technical movements, they will make the speed too fast and then make the body fall unreasonably. Normally, strains on large muscle groups are caused by excessive force during take-off. When you land and move the center of gravity downward, your legs are more prone to problems. All joints and ankles are prone to pain and swelling. In ankle joints, severe cases often have varus or valgus, blood stasis on the instep or ankle joint, local tenderness is obvious, and the tenderness is more serious when the ankle joint is active. In the throwing event, the most likely injury is muscle strain. Different sports levels or genders have different injuries due to different bodies. In this way, if the technical action is correct, the problem can be alleviated. In many cases, insufficient preparation and lack of specific strength and flexibility of the elbow joint will exacerbate the problem. Usually, when an athlete is just injured, the body will respond to stress, namely, pain and swelling. When these problems arise, emergency response is the most important. The usual first aid methods are braking, cold compress, compression, and supine. Braking means stopping motion. When the movement stops, swelling can be further controlled. When bleeding problems occur, they can also be minimized. In case of bleeding, if you cannot get ice in time, you can choose pressure bandaging. Pressure bandages allow blood to enter the tissue and absorb it well. There are many ways to bandage. In order to reduce inflammation, swelling, and pain after injury, the methods used are braking, cold compress, compression, elevation. and fixation. Then, surgery is performed. In order to promote blood circulation, warm treatment should be performed from the site with less pain and more damage, and it is also the beginning of the process of functional recovery.


### 2.4. IoT Smart Data

The Internet of Things technology is a comprehensive technology that connects objects to the Internet according to a certain communication protocol through communication equipment, sensors, data acquisition and processing systems, positioning systems, and other equipment. Through the Internet of Things, operations such as intelligent monitoring, positioning, and management of objects can be realized. In recent years, due to a large amount of investment in human and material resources, the application system based on the Internet of Things technology has also been continuously developed and improved. However, in the process of continuous improvement of information technology, some unstable factors have also appeared. A large amount of spam has caused great troubles to data collection. Based on this, the research on intelligent data collection systems based on the Internet of Things technology is also particularly important.Data acquisition is one of the cores of data management system. Data acquisition is the process of using sensors and other measuring devices to collect and input information from outside the system to the inside of the system. Generally, the collected information is converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the system for identification. In the rehabilitation training and prevention of track and field athletes’ hindfemoral muscle injury, the role of IoT intelligent data is more prominent. Intelligent data collection based on the Internet of Things technology can accurately record the rehabilitation training performed by track and field athletes after muscle injury in the past, can be stored for a long time, and can be accessed at any time. At the same time, the intelligent technology of the Internet of Things can identify and record some sports actions that may cause muscle damage in track and field sports, which greatly reduces the risk of athletes causing muscle damage in track and field sports. Figure1 is a deployment diagram of an intelligent data collection server based on the Internet of Things technology.Figure 1
Data acquisition server deployment diagram.


## 2.1. Track and Field Training

The development of track and field athletes needs years of training. Athletes mainly rely on the functions of the ATP-CP system. The absolute speed level of the track and field athlete determines the performance. The speed of the athlete mainly depends on the elongation-contraction ability of the knee and ankle extensor muscles and the ability of the hip joint to contract concentrically. The coordination of speed and explosiveness is the key to determining track and field performance. However, due to the influence of the basic training conditions of track and field and the professional level of coaches, some athletes have different degrees of sports injury, which affects the quality and systematization of the basic training stage. In track and field training, some coaches still rely on experience training, lack of deep understanding of scientific training, and pay too much attention to competition results, which is not conducive to the development of athletes. This situation leads to different degrees and types of sports injuries. The training of high level athletes in track and field is a systematic project. In the system training, the training is carried out in stages. Different training stages complement each other to form a system [9, 10]. If there are more and more serious sports injuries in training, it will not only affect the quality of training but also break the training system. With the increase of modern sports events, the intensity of training is increasing day by day, and even competition is used instead of training. This increases the risk of injury to athletes. With its unique charm, sports attract people to participate in it and enjoy the tension, excitement, excitement, and joy after winning the whole process. It has multiple functions of promoting social development. More and more modern sports training load trend content orientation, load measurement specialization, many years of training process, and training team composition diversification, which means that the complexity of modern sports training organization and implementation and the requirements of comprehensive training are higher, and the requirements of human body in psychology are more and more in-depth, so the actual needs of social activities are higher and higher [11, 12]. Sports have higher requirements and standards for athletes participating in sports competitions. After a long period of practice, sports have become a practical social activity to realize the individual social value of athletes. This is the essential characteristic and internal requirement of sports training. The performance of sports mainly depends on the existing level of athletes [13]. The ultimate goal of competition and training is to achieve excellent results. Psychological ability plays an important role in the ability constitution of track and field athletes. The process of athletes’ long-term training until the highest achievement is closely related to individual psychological development [14]. In the early stage of scientific development, people’s understanding of sports is relatively low, and they pay attention to the physiological response of body function. Although they have a corresponding understanding of psychology, the research still needs to be strengthened. At the same time, some social factors that are expected by the outside world, lack of psychological coordination and cooperation, often lead to the situation is not ideal, lack of psychological adjustment and maintenance, resulting in their own regret, anger, and other psychological differences. Psychological ability is the key to achieve the level of athletes and achieve ideal sports results. For athletes engaged in sports, the level of motivation to a certain extent affects the performance of individuals or the quality and effect of daily sports training. The realization of social value and self-worth of athletes needs long-term motivation. The quality of incentive determines the realization of incentive demand and the degree of target acquisition. Therefore, athletes have formed professional representatives for a long time. In other words, professional competition and long-term guidance and training are the long-term mechanism of athletes’ long-term work. Will quality is the basic guarantee for athletes to overcome the tough training competition [15].


## 2.2. Posterior Femoral Muscle Damage

“Injury” has a broader and richer meaning and scope than “sports injury,” and the meaning and scope of “sports injury” is more specific and detailed, especially referring to various acute and chronic injuries that occur during sports. Therefore, the word “injury” includes “sports injury,” and “sports injury” is more professional, scientific, normative, and rational than “injury” in sports application. Patients with severe injuries need to be hospitalized for a long time and lose their ability to exercise completely, especially the pull injury of posterior femoral muscle group. The main reason of lower extremity injury is the theory of muscle involvement. If the lower extremity hemorrhage cannot be absorbed, it will form fibrous tissue and new bone. For example, too much treading and retreating will make flexor and squat muscles, flexor digitorum, and posterior tibial muscles contract repeatedly, causing a series of pathological changes of periosteum of legs. No matter what the cause of periostitis, if the local load can be in the early stage, timely adjustment of running, jumping, and support can reduce exercise, appropriate treatment can be taken to reduce inflammation and tissue repair process, and adaptive changes will also occur, which will improve the load capacity of bone tissue. Therefore, coaches and athletes should fully consider the mechanism of sports injury and reasonably adjust the training plan when making the training plan. The main reason why the waist and back are easy to be damaged is that the gravity exceeds the endurance of the trunk for a period of time. The proximal end of the rowing bone is relatively narrow and long, and the longitudinal span between the two rows of carpal bones is the most likely to be fractured in the carpal bone. However, due to the track and field without using the wrist, only the wrist closely related to the throwing event and the injured wrist of track and field athletes are relatively low.Injury of the thigh muscles is common in track and field, football, etc. Although most injuries do not require surgical treatment, athletes need to rest for 2-8 weeks before returning to the level before injury. After athletes resume normal training and competition, repeated posterior femoral muscle strains can lead to longer recovery time, chronic pain, and dysfunction and can even end of their sports careers. Due to the serious consequences of tension, a lot of manpower, material, and financial resources are invested to prevent the tension of the posterior femoral muscles and improve the rehabilitation effect of tension. Strains mainly occur when the muscles are stretched. Strains are related to muscle strains, not to muscle contraction force and speed. Muscle strain is defined as the ratio of muscle relative resting length increment to muscle resting length. In a given human movement, when the muscle length increments are similar, the optimal length of the muscle is shorter, the strain of the muscle is larger, and the risk of injury increases. On the other hand, when the optimal muscle length is similar, the greater the muscle length increment, the greater the muscle strain and the greater the risk of strain. Sprinting is the most important form of movement that leads to the pulling of the posterior femoral muscles. The huge load of the posterior femoral muscles is the cause of the traction. Therefore, we believe that the early stage of the support stage is a high-risk stage of tug-of-war. The tug-of-war for muscles is caused by excessive strain, and huge muscle contraction is not a necessary condition. On the one hand, it affects the size of the muscle strain by affecting the optimal length of the muscle; on the other hand, it may also affect the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during sprinting, thereby affecting the length increase of the posterior femoral muscle group and ultimately affecting the size of the strain and changing the risk of contingency. Insufficiency of the hamstrings is considered to be the main cause of hamstring injuries. Deficiencies in the hamstrings can result in insufficient hamstrings against the quadriceps during knee extension during the swing phase. Assuming that this is the mechanism of hamstring injury, it is a further inference that the imbalance of muscle strength at the thigh is the cause of hamstring injury.The hamstring is mainly composed of type II fibers of fast twitch fibers. This muscle group is a typical biarticular muscle, consisting of the biceps femoris located on the back of the thigh, the long and short biceps, and the semitendinosus located on the back of the thigh muscle and semimembranosus muscle. In running movements (especially fast movements), the biceps femoris and semimembranosus are powerful extensors of the hip joint, while semimembranosus is the agonist for knee flexion and calf flexion in addition to coextending the hip. However, the current training methods cannot train this muscle group well, so in high-speed exercise, the injury and recurrence of the posterior femoral muscle group are very common. Severe strain of the proximal part of the posterior femoral muscle group may also affect the lower limb function of the patient. Incomplete recovery after injury will lead to repeated or aggravation of the disease, resulting in difficult recovery, and the second injury is often more serious than the previous one. Repeated injury of the posterior group of extensor muscles may lead to lumbar deformation and reduce the deformation and range of motion of the knee joint, the adhesion of the common peroneal nerve, the reduction of the strength of the quadriceps femoris, and so on. At the same time, it will increase the risk of other parts of the lower limb, such as the anterior cruciate ligament. Serious pull injury of posterior femoral muscle group not only brings great pain to athletes but also brings great economic loss to clubs or sports teams. More than half of the injuries were related to the biceps femoris, and most of them occurred in the long head of biceps femoris. Because the long head and the short head of biceps femoris are controlled by different nerves, this unique dual innervation makes asynchronous nerve stimulation lead to asynchronous contraction of muscles, thus weakening the ability of muscles to produce effective tension control strong load, and at the same time, the relatively short length of muscle fibers also makes pulling. In a given human action, the shorter the optimal muscle length, the greater the muscle tension, and the higher the risk of injury. Serious traction injury of posterior femoral muscle group may be caused by exceeding the physiological limit in a certain exercise process, or it may be the result of long-term microinjury accumulation. It is also possible that the two mechanisms together lead to the final result of the strain. Although jumping, slow overstretching, and so on will cause the strain of the posterior thigh muscles, sprint is still the most important form of exercise.


## 2.3. Preventive Measures

The main problem of the injury mechanism of the posterior femoral muscles during sprinting is the injury time. In addition to the large knee flexion, the hip extension supports the early stage. In order to resist the acceleration of the forward swing of the leg, the strong contraction of the posterior femoral muscles produces greater knee flexion in the final stage of the swing. The early support period and the later swing period are both high-risk periods of sprained posterior femoral muscles. In daily walking and squatting positions, the knee and hip joints have completed the bending movement, and these two joints have opposite effects on the extension of the thigh muscles. This unique dual innervation causes asynchronous nerve stimulation to cause muscles to contract asynchronously. All three muscles of the posterior femoral muscle come from the ischial tuberosity behind the pelvis. Therefore, when the forward angle of the pelvis increases, the posterior thigh muscles will be in a longer state, which may increase the risk of injury. In certain human activities, the greater the muscle tension, the greater the risk of injury. The optimal length of the posterior femoral muscle group with a history of strain may be shorter, and the risk of restrain may increase. Therefore, the knee flexion angle at the moment of maximum knee flexion can be used to reflect the strain risk of the posterior femoral muscles. Is the change in the optimal length the cause of the previous strain or the result of the previous strain? The ability of tired muscles to resist stretching decreases. In the case of absorbing the same energy, fatigued muscles will stretch longer than nonfatigue muscles, so it is easier to reach a stretched tension state, and the risk of fatigued muscles is higher. Power imbalance is a potential risk factor for posterior femoral muscle stretch injury. The imbalance of strength mainly includes the weakness of the posterior femoral muscle, the imbalance of the strength of the posterior femoral muscles on both sides, and the low strength ratio of the posterior femoral muscle to the quadriceps muscle. The strength of the posterior femoral muscles and quadriceps is relatively weak. In the late stage of the sprint, the eccentric contraction of the posterior femoral muscles is not enough to prevent the swing of the front legs, which may lead to excessive stretching of the posterior femoral muscles, resulting in tension. Because the deformation of the posterior femoral muscle group mainly occurs in the process of strong eccentric contraction, the centripetal muscle force ratio is said to not reflect the actual function of the posterior femoral muscle group. The ratio of centrifugal force to centripetal quadriceps is widely used. During sprinting, the maximum muscle tension of the thigh muscle group is much greater than the maximum muscle tension at the maximum muscle stretching speed, and the maximum muscle stretching speed is much greater than the maximum muscle tension at the maximum muscle tension. Although the occurrence of muscle strain is not directly related to the speed of muscle contraction, once the strain occurs, the speed of muscle stretching may affect the degree of muscle strain and tear. The most important thing in functional recovery is not to force it. We should step up the practice step by step. Pain means overload and delayed recovery.Functional recovery takes pain as an important indicator, and it is gradually performed in the order of flexibility, muscle strength, speed, coordination ability, and overall endurance, and functional recovery is achieved in the shortest time. Acupuncture, massage, and other treatments called physiotherapy must also be performed under the guidance of a doctor. The purpose of functional recovery is to restore the normal state before the injury. It can perform normal activities as before, with the previous strength and explosive power, restore the active area of the joints, and obtain the maximum muscle strength. If you return to the state before the injury, you can return to the court. The first step of the functional recovery plan is emergency treatment, the second step is to restore the range of motion of the joint, and the third step is to restore strength. The next step is to restore muscle strength. The most difficult part of functional recovery training is the recovery of muscle strength. The recovery of muscle strength is very important, especially for athletes who need muscle strength and explosiveness. Equipment is also essential in the training of muscle function recovery. When an athlete is injured, the countermeasures should be from the initial prevention to the subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. The general prevention method is daily physical exercise and storage, so as to improve their own quality. Before the training, we should also be able to reasonably restore our relaxed nature and work hard in medical work. When there is a treatment problem, it cannot be delayed from on-site first aid to late delivery. After receiving treatment, athletes should be able to maintain their confidence in recovery and recover in time. The excessive damage of the skeletal muscle system is mainly caused by the long-term fatigue effect that exceeds the capacity of the lower limbs to bear the structure. It is related to the overload and repetitive stress of the musculoskeletal system. Although in many structures of the skeletal muscle system, repeated stress may lead to overuse injury, this does not mean that in order to avoid injury, the stress of the skeletal muscle system should be reduced to a very small extent.Positive adaptation occurs when the applied repeated stress is below the mechanical limit of the structure and there is sufficient time interval between the stresses. On the other hand, negative adaptation is that the applied stress exceeds the mechanical limit at a certain moment. As for the location of the injury, the results are different due to different athletics. Usually, when many athletes have a poor grasp of the landing angle when taking off, or have problems in technical movements, they will make the speed too fast and then make the body fall unreasonably. Normally, strains on large muscle groups are caused by excessive force during take-off. When you land and move the center of gravity downward, your legs are more prone to problems. All joints and ankles are prone to pain and swelling. In ankle joints, severe cases often have varus or valgus, blood stasis on the instep or ankle joint, local tenderness is obvious, and the tenderness is more serious when the ankle joint is active. In the throwing event, the most likely injury is muscle strain. Different sports levels or genders have different injuries due to different bodies. In this way, if the technical action is correct, the problem can be alleviated. In many cases, insufficient preparation and lack of specific strength and flexibility of the elbow joint will exacerbate the problem. Usually, when an athlete is just injured, the body will respond to stress, namely, pain and swelling. When these problems arise, emergency response is the most important. The usual first aid methods are braking, cold compress, compression, and supine. Braking means stopping motion. When the movement stops, swelling can be further controlled. When bleeding problems occur, they can also be minimized. In case of bleeding, if you cannot get ice in time, you can choose pressure bandaging. Pressure bandages allow blood to enter the tissue and absorb it well. There are many ways to bandage. In order to reduce inflammation, swelling, and pain after injury, the methods used are braking, cold compress, compression, elevation. and fixation. Then, surgery is performed. In order to promote blood circulation, warm treatment should be performed from the site with less pain and more damage, and it is also the beginning of the process of functional recovery.


## 2.4. IoT Smart Data

The Internet of Things technology is a comprehensive technology that connects objects to the Internet according to a certain communication protocol through communication equipment, sensors, data acquisition and processing systems, positioning systems, and other equipment. Through the Internet of Things, operations such as intelligent monitoring, positioning, and management of objects can be realized. In recent years, due to a large amount of investment in human and material resources, the application system based on the Internet of Things technology has also been continuously developed and improved. However, in the process of continuous improvement of information technology, some unstable factors have also appeared. A large amount of spam has caused great troubles to data collection. Based on this, the research on intelligent data collection systems based on the Internet of Things technology is also particularly important.Data acquisition is one of the cores of data management system. Data acquisition is the process of using sensors and other measuring devices to collect and input information from outside the system to the inside of the system. Generally, the collected information is converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the system for identification. In the rehabilitation training and prevention of track and field athletes’ hindfemoral muscle injury, the role of IoT intelligent data is more prominent. Intelligent data collection based on the Internet of Things technology can accurately record the rehabilitation training performed by track and field athletes after muscle injury in the past, can be stored for a long time, and can be accessed at any time. At the same time, the intelligent technology of the Internet of Things can identify and record some sports actions that may cause muscle damage in track and field sports, which greatly reduces the risk of athletes causing muscle damage in track and field sports. Figure1 is a deployment diagram of an intelligent data collection server based on the Internet of Things technology.Figure 1
Data acquisition server deployment diagram.


## 3. Research Objects and Methods

### 3.1. Experimental Subjects

In this paper, 60 athletes in Hebei Province were selected randomly, including 30 men and 30 women. Then, a series of training and recovery were carried out. The 60 athletes were observed, and the status quo of the injury of the posterior thigh muscle group and its prevention and recovery were analyzed. Table1 is a table of the sports types of 60 athletes.Table 1
Athlete’s sport type situation table.
Walking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentMale57837Female65928


### 3.2. Experimental Method

(1)
Flexibility training: before the formal training, the subjects complete 5-10 minutes of warm-up by jogging and then complete a series of training after that. The subjects lie on a horizontal pad. The trainer uses one hand to raise the lower limbs of the subjects, while the other hand is placed on the anterior superior iliac spine of the opposite side to prevent pelvis rotation. The trainer shall ensure that the knee joint of the subject is in the straight position during the whole process. When the trainer feels that there is a great resistance or finds that the pelvis of the subject begins to tilt, he shall stop raising the measured leg. At this time, the hip joint bending angle is the maximum hip joint bending angle for flexibility training. Flexibility training intervention to further verify whether the flexibility of the posterior femoral muscle group will affect the risk of strain. As for the 16 week flexibility intervention training of runners, the flexibility training did not significantly reduce the strain rate of the posterior femoral muscle group(2)
Sprint training: the subjects wore tight clothes and trousers, pasted reflective markers on their bodies, and determined the placement of electrodes for biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles on both sides according to the anatomical markers on the body surface and the freehand examination. Shave the hair on the skin surface of the preset electrode and wipe it with 75% alcohol. Two recording electrodes were attached to the highest part of the muscle ventral eminence during each muscle contraction to be measured, which was consistent with the direction of the muscle fiber. The distance between the centers of the two electrodes was 2 cm, and a reference electrode, a signal transmitter, was placed close to the recording electrode. The running distance is about 35 meters. The subjects stand at a straight distance of about 20 meters from the force measuring platform to prepare for the starting position. After hearing the command, they run through the training area as fast as possible. It is considered as an effective training for the subjects with normal gait, no step adjustment and training foot on the force measuring platform. The subjects completed three effective exercises on each side of the leg and rested for 60 seconds between each exercise. The three-dimensional coordinates, surface electromyography, and ground reaction force signals of the subject’s body surface were collected during each training(3)
Isokinetic strength training: after the sprint training, the subjects keep the original body surface marker points unchanged, first complete the static standing calibration to collect the three-dimensional coordinates of all marker points, because the seat will block the waist points during isokinetic strength training, so remove the waist points after the calibration. The subjects sit on the isokinetic training instrument and keep the hip flexion about 90°. The thigh and calf of the training leg are fixed on the seat and the mechanical arm, respectively, to prevent compensatory action so as to ensure that only the flexion and extension of the knee can be completed. The flexion and extension axis of the knee is aligned with the rotation axis of the mechanical arm. The range of motion of the arm is 110° and the position of the arm is 0° when the knee is fully extended. The subjects did their best to complete three equal speed knee bending movements with an angular velocity of 10/s for 90 seconds between each time. The three-dimensional coordinates and isokinetic moment data of the body surface mark points were collected during each training(4)
Strength training: during the formal training, the athletes stand on the pedal with their feet fully in contact with the pedal. The knees should not be bent as much as possible. They should stand up straight and back and hold the handrail with both hands, and the legs should be retracted horizontally or vertically. Stretch until the athlete feels the back of the thigh muscles are sore and can retract by himself. According to the focus of strength training, that is, maximum strength, relative strength, strength endurance, and speed strength, different load intensity is used for trainingLiterature analysis method: through consulting related books, such as sports therapeutics, sports psychology, sports injury, track and field kinematics, sports science, and sports statistics, to provide a preliminary basis for this study, and then collect relevant literature at home and abroad from CNKI, and analyze the relevant literature. Mathematical analysis: SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to process the relevant data of long jumpers, the results were expressed as mean and variance (M±SD), two-sided t-test was used, and the P value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance, providing data support and authoritative basis for the analysis of training methods for sports injury prevention. Logic analysis method: by using the method of judgment and reasoning, this paper analyzes the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of track and field athletes, explains its causes, provides the corresponding scientific basis for training and competition, summarizes, sorts out, analyzes all the documents, sorts out and processes all the data, synthesizes the results of logical analysis, and draws relevant conclusions. Field investigation method: This article uses the opportunity of internship in the training team of the academy to observe the process of physical function training of athletes and observes and records the training methods used by athletes to prevent sports injury and the arrangement of training load, which provides a solid foundation for the writing of this article practical basis.Strength is the power source of human sports, strength training is the key factor to improve the performance of competitive sports, and it is the most concerned problem of modern competitive sports training. A comprehensive and systematic understanding of the theory and methods of sprint strength training, the advantages and disadvantages of various strength training methods, as well as the diagnosis and evaluation methods of strength training effect are the basis of competitive sports training, the guarantee of effectiveness and pertinence of strength training, and the premise of sports training innovation and breakthrough. In the training, the strength of the mobilized posterior thigh muscles is different. In the strength training, the effect of the flexible strength training device on the posterior thigh muscles is better than the traditional method. The training effect of the comprehensive training device of flexibility and strength on the longitudinal flexibility is more obvious than that of the traditional method. The flexibility training of the posterior thigh muscle group needs persistence, and long-term persistence can get better results. Flexible strength training device has a positive effect on the strength and flexibility of the posterior thigh muscles. It can effectively prevent the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of athletes in special sports.


## 3.1. Experimental Subjects

In this paper, 60 athletes in Hebei Province were selected randomly, including 30 men and 30 women. Then, a series of training and recovery were carried out. The 60 athletes were observed, and the status quo of the injury of the posterior thigh muscle group and its prevention and recovery were analyzed. Table1 is a table of the sports types of 60 athletes.Table 1
Athlete’s sport type situation table.
Walking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentMale57837Female65928


## 3.2. Experimental Method

(1)
Flexibility training: before the formal training, the subjects complete 5-10 minutes of warm-up by jogging and then complete a series of training after that. The subjects lie on a horizontal pad. The trainer uses one hand to raise the lower limbs of the subjects, while the other hand is placed on the anterior superior iliac spine of the opposite side to prevent pelvis rotation. The trainer shall ensure that the knee joint of the subject is in the straight position during the whole process. When the trainer feels that there is a great resistance or finds that the pelvis of the subject begins to tilt, he shall stop raising the measured leg. At this time, the hip joint bending angle is the maximum hip joint bending angle for flexibility training. Flexibility training intervention to further verify whether the flexibility of the posterior femoral muscle group will affect the risk of strain. As for the 16 week flexibility intervention training of runners, the flexibility training did not significantly reduce the strain rate of the posterior femoral muscle group(2)
Sprint training: the subjects wore tight clothes and trousers, pasted reflective markers on their bodies, and determined the placement of electrodes for biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles on both sides according to the anatomical markers on the body surface and the freehand examination. Shave the hair on the skin surface of the preset electrode and wipe it with 75% alcohol. Two recording electrodes were attached to the highest part of the muscle ventral eminence during each muscle contraction to be measured, which was consistent with the direction of the muscle fiber. The distance between the centers of the two electrodes was 2 cm, and a reference electrode, a signal transmitter, was placed close to the recording electrode. The running distance is about 35 meters. The subjects stand at a straight distance of about 20 meters from the force measuring platform to prepare for the starting position. After hearing the command, they run through the training area as fast as possible. It is considered as an effective training for the subjects with normal gait, no step adjustment and training foot on the force measuring platform. The subjects completed three effective exercises on each side of the leg and rested for 60 seconds between each exercise. The three-dimensional coordinates, surface electromyography, and ground reaction force signals of the subject’s body surface were collected during each training(3)
Isokinetic strength training: after the sprint training, the subjects keep the original body surface marker points unchanged, first complete the static standing calibration to collect the three-dimensional coordinates of all marker points, because the seat will block the waist points during isokinetic strength training, so remove the waist points after the calibration. The subjects sit on the isokinetic training instrument and keep the hip flexion about 90°. The thigh and calf of the training leg are fixed on the seat and the mechanical arm, respectively, to prevent compensatory action so as to ensure that only the flexion and extension of the knee can be completed. The flexion and extension axis of the knee is aligned with the rotation axis of the mechanical arm. The range of motion of the arm is 110° and the position of the arm is 0° when the knee is fully extended. The subjects did their best to complete three equal speed knee bending movements with an angular velocity of 10/s for 90 seconds between each time. The three-dimensional coordinates and isokinetic moment data of the body surface mark points were collected during each training(4)
Strength training: during the formal training, the athletes stand on the pedal with their feet fully in contact with the pedal. The knees should not be bent as much as possible. They should stand up straight and back and hold the handrail with both hands, and the legs should be retracted horizontally or vertically. Stretch until the athlete feels the back of the thigh muscles are sore and can retract by himself. According to the focus of strength training, that is, maximum strength, relative strength, strength endurance, and speed strength, different load intensity is used for trainingLiterature analysis method: through consulting related books, such as sports therapeutics, sports psychology, sports injury, track and field kinematics, sports science, and sports statistics, to provide a preliminary basis for this study, and then collect relevant literature at home and abroad from CNKI, and analyze the relevant literature. Mathematical analysis: SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to process the relevant data of long jumpers, the results were expressed as mean and variance (M±SD), two-sided t-test was used, and the P value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance, providing data support and authoritative basis for the analysis of training methods for sports injury prevention. Logic analysis method: by using the method of judgment and reasoning, this paper analyzes the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of track and field athletes, explains its causes, provides the corresponding scientific basis for training and competition, summarizes, sorts out, analyzes all the documents, sorts out and processes all the data, synthesizes the results of logical analysis, and draws relevant conclusions. Field investigation method: This article uses the opportunity of internship in the training team of the academy to observe the process of physical function training of athletes and observes and records the training methods used by athletes to prevent sports injury and the arrangement of training load, which provides a solid foundation for the writing of this article practical basis.Strength is the power source of human sports, strength training is the key factor to improve the performance of competitive sports, and it is the most concerned problem of modern competitive sports training. A comprehensive and systematic understanding of the theory and methods of sprint strength training, the advantages and disadvantages of various strength training methods, as well as the diagnosis and evaluation methods of strength training effect are the basis of competitive sports training, the guarantee of effectiveness and pertinence of strength training, and the premise of sports training innovation and breakthrough. In the training, the strength of the mobilized posterior thigh muscles is different. In the strength training, the effect of the flexible strength training device on the posterior thigh muscles is better than the traditional method. The training effect of the comprehensive training device of flexibility and strength on the longitudinal flexibility is more obvious than that of the traditional method. The flexibility training of the posterior thigh muscle group needs persistence, and long-term persistence can get better results. Flexible strength training device has a positive effect on the strength and flexibility of the posterior thigh muscles. It can effectively prevent the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group of athletes in special sports.


## 4. Discussion and Analysis of Experimental Results

### 4.1. Analysis of Track and Field Injuries

#### 4.1.1. Analysis of the Nature of Sports Injury

According to statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure2 and Table 2, the nature of sports injuries includes acute injuries, chronic injuries, and acute to chronic injuries. Acute injury is caused by one-time violence; chronic injury is caused by long-term local overload, which exceeds the capacity of the tissue. Chronic to acute injury is caused by early acute injury without timely and reasonable treatment. In track and field sports, walking injury is the main form of injury, accounting for 75.5% of the total injury. The main nature of sports injuries in running events is acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 81.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The sports injuries of throwing events are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 86.9% and 50.6%, respectively. Long jump sports injuries are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 78.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Acute, chronic and acute to chronic events accounted for 42.6%, 39.5%, and 57.6%, respectively.Figure 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.Table 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.
Track and field eventsAcute injuryChronic injuryAcute conversionWalking race16.60%75.50%17.30%Running81.30%6.80%46.60%Thrown86.90%2.50%50.60%Jumping class78.60%16.80%67.70%Omnipotent42.60%39.50%57.60%


#### 4.1.2. Analysis of Sports Injury Types

According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure3 and Table 3, due to the different characteristics, movements, speed, strength, and other performance of different items, the types of sports injuries are also different. Sprains and periostitis were the main sports injuries, accounting for 26.6%, 29.2%, and 32.2% of the total injuries, respectively. Muscle strain is the main injury in running events, accounting for 76.8% of the total. Sprains, periostitis, and abrasions accounted for 28.3%, 22.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. The main sports injuries in throwing events were 31.5% of strain injuries, 35.9% of sprain injuries, and 19.9% of periosteal inflammation injuries. The types of sports injuries in long jump are sprains, contusions, sprains, abrasions, and periostitis, accounting for 46.2%, 38.2%, 45.9%, and 35.9%, respectively.Figure 3
Analysis of sports injury types.Table 3
Analysis of sports injury types.
Damage typeWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentStrain26.60%76.80%31.50%46.20%58.60%Scratch1.30%17.90%14.60%35.90%31.60%Contusion012.50%9.20%38.20%26.90%Sprain29.20%28.30%35.90%45.90%38.30%Fracture6.10%4.20%2.40%12.20%6.80%Periostitis32.20%22.90%19.90%18.90%10.90%Laceration06.70%3.10%7.90%5.60%Dislocation1%4.90%4.60%5.10%4.20%Hemorrhage02.10%3.10%9.20%2.20%Other00000


### 4.2. Track and Field Prevention Analysis

#### 4.2.1. Analysis of Damaged Parts

According to the statistical analysis of the data, as shown in Figure4 and Table 4, different sports show obvious characteristics at the location of sports injuries. The main injuries are the waist, knees, calves, and buttocks. The main parts of running injuries are waist, knee, ankle, and thigh. The main parts of sports injuries are waist, knee, and hip, which account for the largest proportion. As there are more all-around sports, there are also more injured parts, especially the waist, ankles, and thighs. Due to the characteristics of different sports forms, speed, duration, and muscle names, the occurrence of sports injuries also has its own characteristics. In the training, the coach should fully consider the muscle strength and weight-bearing parts of different items and arrange the general quality training and special training, training and recovery, and the intersection of different training parts and content. During the training, the coaches of different projects should pay attention to the uncomfortable reactions in the first half of the different projects and actively communicate with the athletes. If there is fatigue, discomfort, and minor injury, it should be adjusted and handled in time to prevent serious sports injuries.Figure 4
Analysis of damaged parts.Table 4
Analysis of damaged parts.
Track and field eventsWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentNeck0%1.30%11.30%5.30%6.70%Shoulder0%1.80%45.40%4.20%3.10%Wrist0%3.10%8.70%1.30%1.20%Finger0%0%0%0%0.60%Waist26.30%18.80%50.90%21.20%18.70%Knee34.50%38.70%20.30%68.90%15.90%Ankle6.90%17.90%6.20%20.10%17.70%Follow3.10%1.10%0.20%9.20%1.90%Thigh4.60%68.80%16.20%27.20%38.30%A lower leg28.90%16.10%1.30%13.30%7.80%Hip17.60%2.30%18.30%8.20%2.80%


#### 4.2.2. Prevention Analysis

Table5 shows the athletes’ attention to prevention in various aspects to prevent muscle damage during exercise (1-10 points, the higher the score, the higher the attention).Table 5
Prevention and attention in various aspects.
Special trainingAdjustment recoveryPhysical trainingMental trainingSkill trainingNutritionWalking race988564Running876562Thrown789657Jumping class867674Omnipotent988657According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure5, the first three key points of running sports injury prevention are special training, adjustment recovery, and physical fitness training; the first three points of throwing sports injury prevention are special training, physical training, and psychological training. The first three points of the long jump are special training, physical training, and technical training; the top three all-rounders are physical training, adjustment and recovery, and special training. On the whole, sports training is increasingly valued by coaches. In addition, most track and field coaches attach great importance to recovery after training. To some extent, rehabilitation is the continuation of training. If the recovery work is not done well, it will affect the next training. It is worth noting that modern sports training pays more and more attention to psychological factors and nutritional supplements. In particular, nutritional supplements have special significance for the prevention of sports injuries and should attract the attention of coaches.Figure 5
Preventive analysis.


### 4.3. Prevention Analysis of Muscle Injury in Track and Field Sports Based on Intelligent Data of the Internet of Things

In this experiment, an experiment was conducted on the prevention of athletes’ muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things, and the athlete’s muscle injury was recorded in the experiment. Table6 is a table of experimental results of preventing muscle damage based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things.Table 6
Muscle injury data sheet.
Walking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentStrain8.2%5.8%9.5%6.5%8.1%Sprain6.8%8.2%6.3%8.9%9.2%Periostitis2.5%9.2%5.1%3.8%4.6%Scratch3.1%5.0%2.1%3.2%2.9%Fracture2.0%5.4%3.6%4.0%2.9%According to Table6, a diagram of the prevention of muscle damage based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things can be drawn, as shown in Figure 6.Figure 6
Diagram of the prevention of muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things.According to Figure6, it can be seen that the program of preventing sports muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things has achieved great results, greatly reducing the probability of athletes causing muscle injury in sports. In this experiment, the highest rate of muscle damage was only 9.2%, which was 18.6% higher than the effective rate of the traditional prevention program. Through the comparison of peak muscle torque on the subject’s knee flexor muscle strength and knee extensor muscle strength, it is found that the subject’s flexor and extensor muscle strength match is ideal, and the flexion of the left and right knee joints is ideal. The extensor muscle strength is more balanced. However, there is a significant difference in the explosive force level of the knee flexor muscle group compared with the knee extensor muscle group during high-speed exercise through the explosive force parameters (using the rapid strength index and the force rate), which may be one of the factors that affect sports performance and lead to the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group potential factors.


## 4.1. Analysis of Track and Field Injuries

### 4.1.1. Analysis of the Nature of Sports Injury

According to statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure2 and Table 2, the nature of sports injuries includes acute injuries, chronic injuries, and acute to chronic injuries. Acute injury is caused by one-time violence; chronic injury is caused by long-term local overload, which exceeds the capacity of the tissue. Chronic to acute injury is caused by early acute injury without timely and reasonable treatment. In track and field sports, walking injury is the main form of injury, accounting for 75.5% of the total injury. The main nature of sports injuries in running events is acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 81.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The sports injuries of throwing events are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 86.9% and 50.6%, respectively. Long jump sports injuries are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 78.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Acute, chronic and acute to chronic events accounted for 42.6%, 39.5%, and 57.6%, respectively.Figure 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.Table 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.
Track and field eventsAcute injuryChronic injuryAcute conversionWalking race16.60%75.50%17.30%Running81.30%6.80%46.60%Thrown86.90%2.50%50.60%Jumping class78.60%16.80%67.70%Omnipotent42.60%39.50%57.60%


### 4.1.2. Analysis of Sports Injury Types

According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure3 and Table 3, due to the different characteristics, movements, speed, strength, and other performance of different items, the types of sports injuries are also different. Sprains and periostitis were the main sports injuries, accounting for 26.6%, 29.2%, and 32.2% of the total injuries, respectively. Muscle strain is the main injury in running events, accounting for 76.8% of the total. Sprains, periostitis, and abrasions accounted for 28.3%, 22.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. The main sports injuries in throwing events were 31.5% of strain injuries, 35.9% of sprain injuries, and 19.9% of periosteal inflammation injuries. The types of sports injuries in long jump are sprains, contusions, sprains, abrasions, and periostitis, accounting for 46.2%, 38.2%, 45.9%, and 35.9%, respectively.Figure 3
Analysis of sports injury types.Table 3
Analysis of sports injury types.
Damage typeWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentStrain26.60%76.80%31.50%46.20%58.60%Scratch1.30%17.90%14.60%35.90%31.60%Contusion012.50%9.20%38.20%26.90%Sprain29.20%28.30%35.90%45.90%38.30%Fracture6.10%4.20%2.40%12.20%6.80%Periostitis32.20%22.90%19.90%18.90%10.90%Laceration06.70%3.10%7.90%5.60%Dislocation1%4.90%4.60%5.10%4.20%Hemorrhage02.10%3.10%9.20%2.20%Other00000


## 4.1.1. Analysis of the Nature of Sports Injury

According to statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure2 and Table 2, the nature of sports injuries includes acute injuries, chronic injuries, and acute to chronic injuries. Acute injury is caused by one-time violence; chronic injury is caused by long-term local overload, which exceeds the capacity of the tissue. Chronic to acute injury is caused by early acute injury without timely and reasonable treatment. In track and field sports, walking injury is the main form of injury, accounting for 75.5% of the total injury. The main nature of sports injuries in running events is acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 81.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The sports injuries of throwing events are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 86.9% and 50.6%, respectively. Long jump sports injuries are mainly acute injuries and chronic injuries, accounting for 78.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Acute, chronic and acute to chronic events accounted for 42.6%, 39.5%, and 57.6%, respectively.Figure 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.Table 2
Analysis of the nature of sports injury.
Track and field eventsAcute injuryChronic injuryAcute conversionWalking race16.60%75.50%17.30%Running81.30%6.80%46.60%Thrown86.90%2.50%50.60%Jumping class78.60%16.80%67.70%Omnipotent42.60%39.50%57.60%


## 4.1.2. Analysis of Sports Injury Types

According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure3 and Table 3, due to the different characteristics, movements, speed, strength, and other performance of different items, the types of sports injuries are also different. Sprains and periostitis were the main sports injuries, accounting for 26.6%, 29.2%, and 32.2% of the total injuries, respectively. Muscle strain is the main injury in running events, accounting for 76.8% of the total. Sprains, periostitis, and abrasions accounted for 28.3%, 22.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. The main sports injuries in throwing events were 31.5% of strain injuries, 35.9% of sprain injuries, and 19.9% of periosteal inflammation injuries. The types of sports injuries in long jump are sprains, contusions, sprains, abrasions, and periostitis, accounting for 46.2%, 38.2%, 45.9%, and 35.9%, respectively.Figure 3
Analysis of sports injury types.Table 3
Analysis of sports injury types.
Damage typeWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentStrain26.60%76.80%31.50%46.20%58.60%Scratch1.30%17.90%14.60%35.90%31.60%Contusion012.50%9.20%38.20%26.90%Sprain29.20%28.30%35.90%45.90%38.30%Fracture6.10%4.20%2.40%12.20%6.80%Periostitis32.20%22.90%19.90%18.90%10.90%Laceration06.70%3.10%7.90%5.60%Dislocation1%4.90%4.60%5.10%4.20%Hemorrhage02.10%3.10%9.20%2.20%Other00000


## 4.2. Track and Field Prevention Analysis

### 4.2.1. Analysis of Damaged Parts

According to the statistical analysis of the data, as shown in Figure4 and Table 4, different sports show obvious characteristics at the location of sports injuries. The main injuries are the waist, knees, calves, and buttocks. The main parts of running injuries are waist, knee, ankle, and thigh. The main parts of sports injuries are waist, knee, and hip, which account for the largest proportion. As there are more all-around sports, there are also more injured parts, especially the waist, ankles, and thighs. Due to the characteristics of different sports forms, speed, duration, and muscle names, the occurrence of sports injuries also has its own characteristics. In the training, the coach should fully consider the muscle strength and weight-bearing parts of different items and arrange the general quality training and special training, training and recovery, and the intersection of different training parts and content. During the training, the coaches of different projects should pay attention to the uncomfortable reactions in the first half of the different projects and actively communicate with the athletes. If there is fatigue, discomfort, and minor injury, it should be adjusted and handled in time to prevent serious sports injuries.Figure 4
Analysis of damaged parts.Table 4
Analysis of damaged parts.
Track and field eventsWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentNeck0%1.30%11.30%5.30%6.70%Shoulder0%1.80%45.40%4.20%3.10%Wrist0%3.10%8.70%1.30%1.20%Finger0%0%0%0%0.60%Waist26.30%18.80%50.90%21.20%18.70%Knee34.50%38.70%20.30%68.90%15.90%Ankle6.90%17.90%6.20%20.10%17.70%Follow3.10%1.10%0.20%9.20%1.90%Thigh4.60%68.80%16.20%27.20%38.30%A lower leg28.90%16.10%1.30%13.30%7.80%Hip17.60%2.30%18.30%8.20%2.80%


### 4.2.2. Prevention Analysis

Table5 shows the athletes’ attention to prevention in various aspects to prevent muscle damage during exercise (1-10 points, the higher the score, the higher the attention).Table 5
Prevention and attention in various aspects.
Special trainingAdjustment recoveryPhysical trainingMental trainingSkill trainingNutritionWalking race988564Running876562Thrown789657Jumping class867674Omnipotent988657According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure5, the first three key points of running sports injury prevention are special training, adjustment recovery, and physical fitness training; the first three points of throwing sports injury prevention are special training, physical training, and psychological training. The first three points of the long jump are special training, physical training, and technical training; the top three all-rounders are physical training, adjustment and recovery, and special training. On the whole, sports training is increasingly valued by coaches. In addition, most track and field coaches attach great importance to recovery after training. To some extent, rehabilitation is the continuation of training. If the recovery work is not done well, it will affect the next training. It is worth noting that modern sports training pays more and more attention to psychological factors and nutritional supplements. In particular, nutritional supplements have special significance for the prevention of sports injuries and should attract the attention of coaches.Figure 5
Preventive analysis.


## 4.2.1. Analysis of Damaged Parts

According to the statistical analysis of the data, as shown in Figure4 and Table 4, different sports show obvious characteristics at the location of sports injuries. The main injuries are the waist, knees, calves, and buttocks. The main parts of running injuries are waist, knee, ankle, and thigh. The main parts of sports injuries are waist, knee, and hip, which account for the largest proportion. As there are more all-around sports, there are also more injured parts, especially the waist, ankles, and thighs. Due to the characteristics of different sports forms, speed, duration, and muscle names, the occurrence of sports injuries also has its own characteristics. In the training, the coach should fully consider the muscle strength and weight-bearing parts of different items and arrange the general quality training and special training, training and recovery, and the intersection of different training parts and content. During the training, the coaches of different projects should pay attention to the uncomfortable reactions in the first half of the different projects and actively communicate with the athletes. If there is fatigue, discomfort, and minor injury, it should be adjusted and handled in time to prevent serious sports injuries.Figure 4
Analysis of damaged parts.Table 4
Analysis of damaged parts.
Track and field eventsWalking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentNeck0%1.30%11.30%5.30%6.70%Shoulder0%1.80%45.40%4.20%3.10%Wrist0%3.10%8.70%1.30%1.20%Finger0%0%0%0%0.60%Waist26.30%18.80%50.90%21.20%18.70%Knee34.50%38.70%20.30%68.90%15.90%Ankle6.90%17.90%6.20%20.10%17.70%Follow3.10%1.10%0.20%9.20%1.90%Thigh4.60%68.80%16.20%27.20%38.30%A lower leg28.90%16.10%1.30%13.30%7.80%Hip17.60%2.30%18.30%8.20%2.80%


## 4.2.2. Prevention Analysis

Table5 shows the athletes’ attention to prevention in various aspects to prevent muscle damage during exercise (1-10 points, the higher the score, the higher the attention).Table 5
Prevention and attention in various aspects.
Special trainingAdjustment recoveryPhysical trainingMental trainingSkill trainingNutritionWalking race988564Running876562Thrown789657Jumping class867674Omnipotent988657According to the statistical analysis of data, as shown in Figure5, the first three key points of running sports injury prevention are special training, adjustment recovery, and physical fitness training; the first three points of throwing sports injury prevention are special training, physical training, and psychological training. The first three points of the long jump are special training, physical training, and technical training; the top three all-rounders are physical training, adjustment and recovery, and special training. On the whole, sports training is increasingly valued by coaches. In addition, most track and field coaches attach great importance to recovery after training. To some extent, rehabilitation is the continuation of training. If the recovery work is not done well, it will affect the next training. It is worth noting that modern sports training pays more and more attention to psychological factors and nutritional supplements. In particular, nutritional supplements have special significance for the prevention of sports injuries and should attract the attention of coaches.Figure 5
Preventive analysis.


## 4.3. Prevention Analysis of Muscle Injury in Track and Field Sports Based on Intelligent Data of the Internet of Things

In this experiment, an experiment was conducted on the prevention of athletes’ muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things, and the athlete’s muscle injury was recorded in the experiment. Table6 is a table of experimental results of preventing muscle damage based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things.Table 6
Muscle injury data sheet.
Walking raceRunningThrownJumping classOmnipotentStrain8.2%5.8%9.5%6.5%8.1%Sprain6.8%8.2%6.3%8.9%9.2%Periostitis2.5%9.2%5.1%3.8%4.6%Scratch3.1%5.0%2.1%3.2%2.9%Fracture2.0%5.4%3.6%4.0%2.9%According to Table6, a diagram of the prevention of muscle damage based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things can be drawn, as shown in Figure 6.Figure 6
Diagram of the prevention of muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things.According to Figure6, it can be seen that the program of preventing sports muscle injury based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things has achieved great results, greatly reducing the probability of athletes causing muscle injury in sports. In this experiment, the highest rate of muscle damage was only 9.2%, which was 18.6% higher than the effective rate of the traditional prevention program. Through the comparison of peak muscle torque on the subject’s knee flexor muscle strength and knee extensor muscle strength, it is found that the subject’s flexor and extensor muscle strength match is ideal, and the flexion of the left and right knee joints is ideal. The extensor muscle strength is more balanced. However, there is a significant difference in the explosive force level of the knee flexor muscle group compared with the knee extensor muscle group during high-speed exercise through the explosive force parameters (using the rapid strength index and the force rate), which may be one of the factors that affect sports performance and lead to the injury of the posterior femoral muscle group potential factors.


## 5. Conclusions

(1)
In the stance phase, the main torques that control the movement of the lower limbs are the muscle torque and the external torque generated by the ground reaction force; the main torques that control the movement of the lower limbs in the swing phase are the muscle torque and the inertial moment generated by the link movement. The moment of inertia has a significant effect on the motion at the end of support and swing(2)
At the initial stage of support and the end of swing, the stress state of the hamstrings is similar, that is, the external torque pulls the hamstrings in the opposite direction at the same time, making it under huge stress and strain, so both the initial stage of support and the end of swing are similar high-risk period for hamstring injury(3)
The main parts of running sports injuries are waist, knee, ankle, and thigh. Injury sites also showed diversity, with waist, ankle, and thigh injuries being the most obvious. The main measures to eliminate sports fatigue are jogging and relaxing, sleeping, and massage(4)
Most track and field athletes have experienced torture of posterior femoral muscle damage during training, and the degree of injury is higher. The degree of injury is mostly mild to moderate, but it still seriously affects the training and life of athletes(5)
The degree of occurrence of sports injuries of track and field athletes is as follows: does not affect training, suspends training, and treats sports injuries. The main parts of the walking project are the waist, knees, calves, and hips(6)
The muscle injury prevention program based on the intelligent data of the Internet of Things can greatly reduce the probability of athletes causing muscle injury during exercise, and its effective rate is increased by 18%It is suggested that the prevention of physical function injury should be promoted and integrated into the daily training of the long jump training team and other training teams, so as to achieve the effect of injury prevention and treatment on the basis of improving the athletes’ special performance ability. The concept and method of physical function training has not been introduced for a long time, and its theoretical and practical experience is relatively immature. Therefore, it is necessary to fully study and understand its theoretical knowledge and connotation when applying it and to constantly explore and summarize in specific practice.



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*Source: 7678694-2022-05-12.xml*