# Effective Graph Mining for Educational Data Mining and Interest Recommendation

Authors: Shasha Xu
Journal: Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
 (2022)

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## Abstract

In order to fully understand and analyze the rules and cognitive characteristics of users’ learning methods and, with the assistance of Internet and artificial acquaintance technology, to emphasize the integrity and degree of personalized education, a personalized graph-learning-based recommendation system including user portraits is proposed. System raking of data layers, data analysis responses, and recommendations for sum beds are seamless and collaboratively combined. The data layer consists of user data and a design library containing scholarship materials, study materials, and price sets. The data analysis framework is captured by rest and energy data represented by basic information, learning behavior, etc. We can provide perceptual and visual learning audio feedback. And thus witness computing should convey users’ learning behavior rules through similarity analysis and mob algorithm. We further use TF-IDF to sequentially mine users’ resource priorities and always bind personalized learning suggestions. The system has been applied to an online education platform supported by artificial intelligence technique, which can provide instructors and students with personalized portraits. We also proposed to learn audio feedback and data consulting services, typically during the hard work phase of the assistant semester.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

With the continuous development of science and technology such as big data, cloud computing, and mobile Internet and the increase in people’s demand for education, the “Internet + education” model based on online education platforms has been widely promoted and popularized. As of June 2019, the scale of domestic online education users has reached 232 million and is showing a trend of rapid and continuous expansion. At propitious, most online instruction platforms provide office for users by desegregation high-temper online way and other scholarship resources. However, in the confidence of weighty learning resort, it is difficult for users to quickly find agreeable learning materials for them, and there may even be problems such as “cognitive load” and “information journey.” Providing personalized recommendation of learning resources is an urgent need of current online education platforms. The personalized recommendation of most online education platforms is based on the analysis and modeling of the user’s characteristic information, for example, through the user’s learning style, learning interest, and other personalized feature information to build a recommendation model [1, 2]. However, the results of this kind of recommendation are often rough and unsatisfactory and are generally suitable for some simple recommendations. In recent years, some studies have begun to try to use user behavior, feature information to analyze the similarity between users. For illustration, Zhongyan and others adopted user-supported collaborative filter out testimonial modeling by forecasting the similarity of users’ letters comportment sequences [3, 4]. However, these studies are more centralized on focusing on the user’s representative information, disregarding the mining and analysis of science contrivance. This paper designs a personalized learning resource hybrid recommendation system based on learning style, resource preference, and behavior sequence. Combined with learning styles and resource preferences, it generates personalized portraits for users and further provides users with learning feedback and personalized learning material recommendation services.The social tagging system is an emblematic web 2.0 recurrence, which allows users to tag contrivance with arbitrary communication or attach and users necessity join to add their top dog resources. Social add systems endow users to easily share and organize advertisement. It is since of its plainness and ability that the labeling system has become more and more public, and illustrious websites such as Delicious, Douban, and CiteULike have adopted this method. The labeling system very much hopes that the user can label this item with high quality, so as to promote a virtuous circle of the labeling system. In this regard, many labeling systems have designed a label recommendation module to recommend labels to users. When a user browses an item, the tag recommendation system gives some relevant tags so that he can label this item well. It is because of such popularity that hashtag recommendations are attracting more and more attention. One of the more famous is the FolkRank algorithm, whose main idea is to regard the relationship between users, tags, and resources as an undirected graph, and then, based on this graph structure, consider that if a tag marks an important resource, and if it is marked by an important user, the label is more important relative to the user so that the labels can be sorted. From the perspective of undirected graph, the research on personalized tag recommendation is carried out, and a personalized tag recommendation method (GMTR) using a graph model is proposed. The idea of giving the calculation method of the weight between nonadjacent vertices. Finally, considering the relationship between users and tags, tags and resources, the final tag recommendation is given.This paper proposes a personalized tag recommendation method using a graph model. This method represents the relationship among users, tags, and resources through a ternary undirected graph and reweighs the constructed undirected graph. Adjacent vertices refer to the BM25 algorithm and adopt a comprehensive weight representation method, which not only includes the TF-IDF idea but also considers the factor of label personalization; nonadjacent vertices refer to the shortest path idea. Then, considering the relationship between users and tags, tags and resources, personalized tag recommendations are given. Finally, offline experiments are carried out on the dataset of CiteULike site, and the results show that the method has a significant improvement in precision and recall compared with the existing methods.


## 2. Related Work

Extensive research has been done on convertible fastening systems. Wetzker et al. propose a usage-centric tagging model (UCTM) that uses a third authorization tensor to model the relationship between users, additions, and resources and maps personalized connection sets to annotated expedients. Answering to popular classification methods, UCTM method can be applied to label-supported evaluation and label witness. Reference [4] thinks about personalized followers by examining the interrelationship between funds and the relationship between resorts and labels. This study argues that by incorporating school rankings and active users’ most frequently used prompt musty tags, it is possible to customize users’ preferences for frequent essential tags in personalized addition suggestions. Jemelt et al. talk about a linear weighted hybrid algorithm for connection-based proof of resources, which is analyzed experimentally on six different datasets. Reference [5] discusses a technique combining collaborative filtering and range-based attention recommendation. The former uses user and convival annotation boxes to generate recommendations, while the latter uses some heuristics to extract labels directly from the resort’s textbook content. In Lipzak et al., an additional evaluation method based on joint motivational support of attention extracted from the user’s synopsis and associated with the resource is proposed. The system updates all stored information with each modern addition so that the latest recommendations awarded reflect the user’s current excitement.The compeer follow system consists of three elements: use, attention, and design, which form a three-dimensional specimen between them. An ordinary problem with annotation systems is what to do with this 3D design. Reference [6] intends to change the 3D mold into three 2D matrices of use. Resort, usefulness-tassel and label-funds and then refer to the old-fashioned witness class. In [7], the might addressed graph is the habit, which is sculpturesque after the smart slot of threadbare classification and then the plot that PageRank algorithm expect to solve, which can correct the problem of label proof based on graph. Reference [8] proposes to use the topological potential of nodes to mark the advantages that users are familiar with. According to this indicator, it is possible to distinguish the social relationship between different users and find out which users have aqiqiy control over the daily target users. The following recommendations are based on the annotation history and possible personalization preferences of the most effective users in the social annotation network. There are many ways to demonstrate the importance of edges in undirected graphs, but most of them do not well specify the relationship between two adjacent vertices, and the relationship between nonadjacent vertices in misleading graphs is not rich enough. Research aiming at these problems, on the basis of the above investigations, a graph-based personalized category evaluation method is proposed, and an experimental comparison is made with the existing narrative algorithms.


## 3. Our Proposed Method

In a friendly attention system, users use tags to mark expedients so that users, tags, and mean systems form a ternary relationship. The user set is described by,=“.”,⋯,”, the resource set is represented by ,=i,⋯,, and the tightening is represented by =t,ta,t. Define 1 user resort table MU,,: the relationship between users and resorts can be exemplified by an m×2-dimensional matrix, where the matrix is the remigate of the user; the column of the grid indicates that and the luminosity of the cell indicates whether the user is correct. Resource i has a marked behavior; if there is, the value is 1; otherwise, it is 0. A telamon of this array contains the resorts assigned by the user. Define 2 users. The label table MU,T: the relationship between users and tickets can be used An m×P two-dimensional array to describe, the lines of the matrix represent users, the columns of the matrix represent user fringes, cells. The evaluation describes the number of times the resource is divided using the label t. One cippus of this grid contains the usage distribution of the labels. Define 3 symbols. Resource dice MT,: the relationship between tags and resources can be represented by a P×n two-dimensional array, the rows of the matrix depict the tags, the columns of the dice depict the resorts, and theca describes the number of users who use the tag t to tag resort i. Atlantes of this grid contain the label distribution of the resource. With the three two-dimensional matrices explained above, a ternary misleading graph G=UU,E can be designed. The nodes in G are three identified nodes of users, categories, and funds. It describes the production process of the ternary misleading graph. The bulkiness at the edge of G is the corresponding importance in the three 2D matrices. The adjacency matrix of the misleading graph G is denoted A.Although the interpretation of the first three two-dimensional matrices considers the information of the labels, the interest of the pigeonhole information is only the simplest description. For example, the relationship between users and fasten is simply measured by the amount of cues, without taking into account the calculations of other agents. In an undirected graph, any two adjacent vertices would be elegant and annoying, and the weight values of the edges would be written to the values in the array. A misguided graph can be described by an adjacency matrix. Different weighting strategies will hold separate adjacency matrices, which will also result in separate final notification terminations. Reference [9] captures the weight policy of BM25, which is different from the idea of TF.IDF. It not only takes into account the vulgarity of a single faction but also a single moment of concern for funds or users. The frequency of initiations. For the user, the special tag weight here refers to the user’s many unique followers in the prompting habit set; for the sake of convenience, the specific fixed pressure here refers to the unique follow count of the unique resource in the tag. The strategy companion at this time makes the most of the prompts to better express the focus on the user and the importance of the design. In the misleading graph, any user top U and the face eu,t formed by touching the price vertex t are suitable for the BM25 bulky strategy, and the pressure on the feather edge eu,t in the misleading graph can be recalculated. Ways to succeed:
(1)Wu,t=log—Xu,t,where 1 and 1 represent the sum of users and Nu, represents the scalar number of well-behaved users labeled t. The Ku,t example link looks at a user’s throw directive. Also, according to the load strategy of BM25, the heavy Wi,t of labels and means is also adjusted, and it is only necessary to replace users with means in the above-mentioned way. By updating the adjacency table based on the new pressure values fitted above, a modern adjacency spreadsheet can be saved, denoted A1.The burden of any two adjacent vertices can be obtained from the adjacency matrix 1, but the relationship between two nonadjacent vertices is not immediately depicted in the graph. The fit values of two nonadjacent vertices in the spreadsheet also have a weak measure of 0. Such presentation systems do not closely approximate the relationship between users, fasteners, and funds. To illustrate, two nonadjacent vertices “2 andf2” in the following, their import in the matrix is 0, they do not touch in the graph. But there are multiple paths between these two vertices, that is, there is an undeniable relationship between them; the path u2−>il−>t2 can be demonstrated as chase: “2 has marked il, and il has been marked by other user that is conspicuous, so top” 2 and top can be associated with il. Neither will tell the other. Adjacent vertices can be stretched through various paths in the graph. For example, in addition to the path between 2 and u2−>tl−>t2, there is also u2−>tl−>ul−>t2. How to choose a suitable path and describe the weight relationship between two vertices well is the problem that needs to be solved here. Here, the weights of two noncontiguous vertices fit the fancy of attracting the shortest path. Dijkstra’s algorithm rule is a typical no-agree ascent shortest-see algorithm rule, which is used to trust the shortest walkway from one host to all other nodes. The main shape is that it elaborates from the starting point towards the divestment layer until it reaches the close point. But the algorithm can only find the shortest path. The misleading graph constructed by social tagging systems has a large number of vertices, so there may be multiple shortest paths between nonadjacent vertices. Reference [10] proposes a modified Dijkstra algorithm procedure that can efficiently find all shortest paths from one vertex to other vertices in a graph. Transform the adjacency list to treat all nonzeros in spreadsheet 1 as 1 before maintaining the shortest seen, and get a matrix 2 for finding the shortest. All m shortest paths from vertex X to vertex Y use P,Y.Through the above sequence, a table that can well reflect the relationship between two vertices is established. In the peer-prompt system, the problem studied by the attach testimonium is described as follows. Given a user and mean pairU,i, how to give a connected prepare ru,i preference that can well reflect the user’s design preference. ru, is an internally determined ⊂ of the ticket. The purpose of the personalized tag recommendation here is to recommend individual add-ons to different users, but these follow-ups can well take into account user preferences. These labels should not only be privately associated with the user but also the means. Therefore, an estimation method using expedient span U,i and categorical t is given. The same method can be used to cut all labels for user U and resource i. Finally, using the fancy style of top.N, the IV tag with the meridian reason is recommended to the user.


## 4. Experimental Results and Analysis

The conditions for proving the use of the dataset are in the case of CiteULike, and relevant datasets are provided athttp://www.citeulike.org/faq/data.adp. CiteULike is a recognized paper collection site that helps users better discover outstanding papers relevant to their research room by allowing researchers to default or bookmark written documents of interest to them and flag them. For the stability of the experiment, first preprocess the set data: for users, at least 5 resort have been marked and at least 5 recompense have been custom; for tassel, at least 5 contrivance have been hence and manner used by at least 5 users; for resources that have at least 5 tags pinned and coadunate by at least 5 users. Table 1 shows the terminating experimental dataset. In the figure delusive plot, users and price institute 62112 edges, users and expedients constitute 65325 incitements, and tassel and resources aggregate 72619 incite.Table 1
Students’ basic information statistics.
DatasetStudentsCoursesInteractionsEntityRelationshipStudent213211142875641221Instructor45432761655710311During the proof process, the data preparation is divided into the educational set and the standard set in a ratio of 9 : 1. The dataset division method here supports users, cues, and resources as the primary keys. Make a set and test a portion of the curd. The user’s annotation model is learned through manege Embarrass, and for each user’s fund setU,i in the test protocol, the v category will be recommended to user U for reference. The above experience is verified 10 times, and a different touchstone obstacle and discipline plant are selected in each period, and then, the average value of the correctness and recall rate of each experience is used as the final evaluation result. We specifically selected the FolkRank algorithm and the UCTM algorithm program to obtain the experimental results of this subject course. We can see that as the number of fringes increases, the accuracy ratio gradually decreases. But the accuracy of the GMTR method is significantly higher than the other two methods. We can also see that under other recommended label counts, the memory scolding count of GMTR is significantly corrected compared to the other two methods.The designed personalized learning expedient evaluation system is divided into data layer, data analysis layer, and evaluation computing bed from bottom to top, which refers to the architecture of the online education platform mainly based on artificial intelligence. 1.1.1 User database management system: the user database stores the user’s characteristic information, including personalized characteristic information and behavior characteristic information [11]. Personalized function descriptions prompt the use of necessary precautions, which do not change over time or moderately. Typical personalized styling information includes basic information such as the user’s time, gender, and adult, as well as method prestandard information such as scholarship style. Personalization feature information is static data in the form of data. Behavioral notification refers to complaints that change with rhythm, for warnings, login delays, clicks, posts, etc. This type of information is dynamic data in data shapes. In this scenario, the carriage shape information is coordinated with the method of three consecutive letters: (1) knowledge of the same name, such as watching videos and browsing academic materials; (2) reflective scholarship, such as professor prep and judge prep correction spring. We exchange feedback, such as comments in the agitation area.The resort mainly focuses on knowledge materials, learning materials, and classified materials. Knowledge materials include knowledge walls and knowledge points. In the case of completing “pattern recognition,” take the dissonance of correctness and subtitles as erudition, and take the theorems, algorithms, and exact terms that appear in each chapter as cognitive items of interest. The learning materials are crawled with the content materials of the knowledge blocks and acquaintance steps in the custom knowledge materials as keywords and do fixed keyboard screening. A category set is a general description of the range of important learnings used in the system. Labels not only concisely and intuitively outline learning materials for users to quickly access and select but also can be converted into corresponding message fields [5] for in-depth data mining and analysis. In completing the “pattern recognition” activity, from two aspects of comfort and form, seven kinds of labels are designed, which are (1) content: learning block (category value: middle title, subtitle); wisdom point (label value: algorithm program, theorem, carding name). (2) Form: language (label value: Chinese, English); family (ticket respect: deduction, realization, brie, aid); carrier (price value: text, painting, video); dataset (label value: MNIST, sklearn data, others); prospectus idioms (tagged values: java, c++, python, others).The system quantifies, counts, and models the user’s personalized feature prompts and behavioral feature information, digs and disassembles them, and terminates the similarity analysis between users, that is, preference analysis and user portraits. Similarity analysis between users is the basis for proof-of-use modeling. It counts the degree of correlation between users through the user’s form information, so as to complete the similarity between users, and names similar users as “adjacent users,” and then recommends the “adjacent user” learning fund selector to the user. Resource preference is related to the user’s choice and preference for appeasement and form of legend expediency. For specimens, some users prefer topic-supported literary material, while others prefer video-symbol scholarship. In this system, the TF-IDF algorithm rule [12] is used to discover the ticket checking weights of various tags in use, so as to obtain the user’s vacation choice. User roles are on the king data thread using the standard framework. It can describe the user’s learning characteristics from multiple perspectives. Unlike most online education platforms that only use personalized feature information to construct user portraits, this system not only recognizes the user’s personalized shape information but also considers behavioral feature instructions to quantitatively and qualitatively construct the user’s personalized portrait [6, 7]. For example, the name of the learned can be judged by the method used, the order of the commonly used modules, knowledge points of interest, wisdom difficulties, homework details, etc. Users can understand and master their academic status through personalized portraits, which is suitable for stable academic strategies.Labels, clicks (course convolution), observation enumerations, etc. are customary as forms of academic material. The system conducts similarity analysis and feature analysis on literature data through quantification, statistics, and modeling of scientific data attributes. Similarity analysis between literature sources is the modeling basis for proofs supported by learning resources. It is characterized by the pigeonhole of knowledge materials, which means the degree of correlation between knowledge materials, so as to complete the similarity between learning materials and name the similar materials as “neighborhood data” and then suggest “neighborhood data” to the course use. The quality analysis of letter materials is mainly through the statistical analysis of attributes such as the number of attendees (class papers) and the number of comments, which can be applied to the true degree.Filter out moderate-quality gratifications. By supervising users and subdividing users’ academic styles, the online knowledge sketch completes the preschool assessment course with good credibility. Additionally, the system mentions agreeing to study funding based on the user’s letter pattern. In this paper, the four domains of the Felder-Silverman model [8] are the scientific style of habit-breaking users, namely, ad processing, cue perception, enlightenment input, and information intelligence.


## 5. Conclusions

This paper discusses a second-hand image model of a personalized label recommendation model. This rule represents the relationship between users, clues, and resources through a ternary misleading graph and reweighs the constructed undirected graph. The adjacent vertices are fed into the BM25 algorithm, and the full-weight portrait process is adopted, which not only intercepts the TF-IDF model but also weighs the components of label personalization; nonnear vertices refer to the shortest path intent. Then, observe the relationship between users and tags and tags and resorts and determine personalized prompt recommendations. Finally, offline experiments are conducted on the dataset from the CiteULike site, and the results show that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in precision and recall compared to existing methods.



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