# Research and Implementation of Civil Residence Right of Internet of Things for Smart Home

Authors: Liling Fu; Pengcheng Zhao; Han Xiao
Journal: Mobile Information Systems
 (2022)

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## Abstract

With the progress of the times, Internet of things technology is increasingly close to public life, which provides great support for the promotion of an intelligent and convenient lifestyle. The basic research on computer technology can form a contemporary emerging Internet of things technology, which has brought a great breakthrough to the information industry. Internet of things technology has brought a new model to home design. At the same time, through China’s proposal of various schemes, it has more effectively promoted the effective application of smart home. In order to improve the credibility of technical evidence in civil litigation of housing residence right, this research generates a big data portrait algorithm of water and electricity behavior characteristics through a fuzzy neural network (FNN) Fourier function (FFT), remote real-time meter reading data and generates feature code comparison algorithm of civil evidence of civil residence right (CRR) through machine learning decision technology (MLDT). As an important part of the court evidence chain, the in-depth mining of electric energy meters and water meters in the smart home Internet of things technology (IOTT) provides technical evidence for the actual residents of a specific house at a specific time. In this study, FNN and MLDT are used to directly judge the machine learning results of evidence required for ordinary civil court debate. The software that constructs the algorithm in the python big data analysis software environment has higher judgment ability for the house ownership confirmation algorithm and has significant advantages. The technical way to obtain the confirmation result of housing residence right is also significantly better than other results. With the support of other relevant evidence, the conclusion of the software can form an evidence chain to meet the needs of civil defense, and the credibility of its technical evidence is very high. In the simulation analysis, although the algorithm designed in this study can not achieve 100% data expression, it also has comparative advantages.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

After the promulgation of the civil code of the people’s Republic of China, China has many new definitions of housing residency, the CRR is right among them. Zhu discussed the CRR: CRRis defined as the nontransferable and inheritable right granted by the housing property owner to the housing user for a certain period of time under certain agreed conditions. Mainly in the form of gift, loan, lease, and so on [1]. Huchzermeye studied the residence rights in South Africa from the specific case analysis [2]. Marais and Wessels analyzed the case of Welkom in a free state province and put forward housing standards and housing residency [3]. Murphy put forward research and exploration on the housing right on the edge of Chilean cities [4]. Yang et al. [5] stated that the system of right of abode originated from Roman law and the marriage and family relationship in ancient Rome. It appeared to protect the normal life of the general public and the basic living rights of the weak. After the improvement of the residents’ right of residence in China’s civil code, it also better ensures the residents’ housing safety and relative rights [6]. Liu and Xi analyzed the reasons for the difficulties in housing and rights protection of migrant workers from the perspective of migrant workers and put forward effective measures to protect migrant workers’ CRR [6]. Chitadini made a critical analysis on the formulation of “adequate housing” and its application in the European Roma housing policy and revised how to reshape the housing sector [7]. Li said in the study that the current CRR still has vague types and scope of residents, unclear obligations between the subject of residence right establishment and the obligee, and the residence right system is not perfect [8]. Because of the diversity of definitions of housing residency, it is difficult to effectively evaluate housing residency in civil litigation or civil mediation. Tang made a deep discussion on the Adjudication Rules of disputes over the right of residence and played a guiding role in the judgment of the right of residence of civil subjects by analyzing the adjudication results of various cases [9]. Yang and Zhang [10] in the current situation of a high divorce rate, the price of a house remains high, the false high is not low, the problem of house property disputes is generally serious, and the difference between residents’ social income and house price is too large. This has led to endless debates on the ownership of housing residency in divorce proceedings [11]. Seeking a more evidential mode of housing residence right confirmation has become the focus of legal research.Based on the support of 5G technology and the Internet of things big data technology, China’s smart home industry has developed rapidly. Yang et al. [12] state that under the influence of the intelligent environment, the arrival of the 5g intelligent era makes home intelligent services go deep into daily life. The Internet of things binds security information through personal information collection, face recognition, identity authentication, and other means. Making residents safer and more convenient to use smart home services to improve their living standards [13]. The smart home combined with big data is further intelligent, which can deeply understand users’ living habits, personal preferences, and consumption needs, provide users with convenient and comfortable personalized services, and improve the use frequency of the smart home. Zhang and Zhang [14] realizes the independent control system through the combination of smart home and Internet of Things technology: Under the smart home technology system, massive data will be generated in residents’ daily life, and relevant research will collect evidence from these smart home data to form an evidence chain of housing residency [9]. Yannan [15] believes that in the study, the application information of all smart home devices is nothing but tap water, electric energy, and Internet data. The real-time consumption change curve of tap water and the actual consumption change curve of electric energy are important evidence to reflect the application habits of the smart home. In particular, if the real-time data of voltage and current of power consumption are collected, the characteristic laws of technical indicators such as reactive power, active power, and apparent power on the time line will be deduced, which will reflect many specific behavior characteristics of users [11]. These characteristics will become evidence of his occupancy in the house.The right of residence realizes the separation of housing right of residence and ownership. In the process of the implementation of the right of abode system, conflicts occur frequently. Han [16] said in the study: through the payment records of water and electricity network fees and property fees related to the house property right certificate and address, the data of the actual residents of the house can be obtained, so as to determine the actual residents and infer the residents’ rights and interests in the house [13]. Wang [17] said in the study that after the implementation of the new civil code, the agreed term of housing residency has become an important element of legitimate rights and interests in the civil law. Under different contract constraints, there is a cross relationship between housing residents and payers of housing related expenses [16]. Ye [18] raised a question about the right of residence: only the payment voucher and the owner information of the payment account are used, and there are significant differences in residents’ agreements. In actual civil disputes, the debate on the credibility of the evidence is the focus of court debate [17]. Therefore, how to obtain more reliable resident evidence is the focus of relevant research. Yang et al. [19] state that at present, the influx of migrant workers into cities is a common phenomenon. The problem of children’s enrollment requires residents to handle the property right of residence. The key solution is how to protect migrant workers’ housing problems and avoid housing tenure disputes, and the establishment and improvement of security mechanism is an important goal [18].Lin studied the smart home Internet of things: in recent ten years, China has made great innovation in MLDT, forming a series of Internet of things systems such as remote real-time meter reading, electric energy meter, water meter and Internet of things terminal, which provides technical support for the extraction of big data portrait of residential water and electricity consumption [20]. In view of the current research on the smart home Internet of things, this research focuses on the hydropower big data portraits generated by different residential residents and provides a residential identification technology that can be used for civil evidence to confirm the CRR Although this technology can not prove the residence authorization period between the house property owner and the house occupant, it can accurately judge the time node of the change of the house occupant and become a piece of credible evidence in the civil litigation of the house residence right. Yangyong [21] intelligent Internet of things is based on home residence, using IOT communication, artificial intelligence, computer, and other technologies to create a home intelligent life, improve the housing living experience, and build a harmonious smart home living platform. The smart home system designed based on ZigBee wireless communication technology realizes the reliable communication of ZigBee terminal module signal acquisition by intelligently controlling the home and detecting the indoor environment [22].


## 2. Generation Algorithm of Big Data Portrait of Water and Electricity Behavior Characteristics

Remote real-time meter reading technology has been basically popularized in the customer side Internet of things terminals of domestic hydropower supply companies in China. Xi et al. [22] use the genetic algorithm to optimize the terminals of the distribution network and improve the reliability of the power supply [20]. Jiang et al. [23] further integrate the data of the water supply company, design the intelligent water supply system, and summarize these data into the urban central data warehouse of the power supply company or water supply company. The power supply company or water supply company will conduct market assessment and customer demand assessment based on these data, such as formulating time-sharing hydropower price and consumption gradient hydropower price [22].In a civil lawsuit, in order to confirm the identity of the actual occupant of the house, according to the permit document, the lawyers of both parties have the right to request the water supply company or the power supply company to provide the water and electricity remote real-time meter reading data of the target property. The real-time consumption curve of water and electricity can reflect the user’s usage characteristics and build a user portrait. After researching and analyzing the hydropower data, the data mining scheme can analyze the characteristics of electricity consumption and water consumption in each period, so as to determine the time points when the behavior of electricity consumption and water consumption changes significantly. It can also be compared with other real estates with a clear right of residence, so as to judge the obligee who has the behavior of using electricity and water.During the actual big data analysis, the following schemes can be used to determine the highly sensitive water and electricity characteristic analysis.In Figure1, DWT is a wavelet transform, and its basic function is as shown in (1); FFT is Fourier transform, and its basic function is as shown in (2); FNN is a fuzzy neural network, which is used to fuse three FFT output matrix data into a double precision variable through iterative regression algorithm.Figure 1
Logical architecture of residential electricity and water signature generation algorithm.DWT basis function of wavelet transform is(1)Ft=∑k∑jαj,kψj,kt.Here,Ψj,kt is the original sequence; αj,k is the correction factor; , is the control pointer; is the function after wavelet transform.The essence of wavelet transform is to correct the central axis offset in the time series waveform so that all atypical waveforms can be effectively integrated and the influence of long-period waveform can be eliminated. The wavelet transformed waveform is introduced into Fourier transform (FFT), and the basic function of Fourier transform is as follows:(2)Fω=∫−∞+∞fxe−2πiωΔxdx.Here,e is the natural constant; ω is the frequency factor; −2πω is Fourier constant; x is the original function argument; f(x) is the original function; f(ω) is a function of the Fourier transform;The function after the wavelet (DWT) and Fourier (FFT) transform is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Schematic diagram of function image evolution process of data preanalysis.In Figure2, the original discrete sequence is transformed twice by DWT and FFT to form a function image with significant extreme value characteristics. Each peak in the image has two variables: frequency and amplitude integral value. The data of all extreme values are summarized to form a data matrix, which has two columns and N rows in total. N is the number of peaks, and the two columns are the frequency and amplitude integral values, respectively. The matrix in descending order in the direction of N rows is arranged, and the first 8 items are selected. If the number of rows of the matrix is less than 8 rows, each row of the subsequent blank row is written as 0, 0 [7].Three characteristic matrices are input into the fuzzy neural network (FNN), a double precision variable is output, and the first 32 bits after the decimal point of the double precision variable are output as the characteristic code. The three characteristic matrices input by the fuzzy neural network have 16 nodes each, a total of 48 input nodes and one output node. The logarithmic depth iterative regression function is selected as the basic function of the neural network, as follows:(3)y=∑i=1nAΔlogxi+B.Here,y is the output value of the neural network node; n is the number of all nodes of the upper layer neural network architecture; xi is the i-th variable input from the upper neural network; A, B is the coefficient to be regressed;


## 3. Feature Code Comparison Algorithm for Civil Evidence of Housing Residence Right

The output value of the above-mentioned fuzzy neural network after wavelet Fourier transform is a 32-bit digital serial code, but there is no direct comparison value, so no difference can be seen. Due to the chaotic effect caused by the complexity of the system, users have similar electricity and water usage habits, resulting in string codes with small visual observation differences, while residents’ electricity and water habits are different, resulting in large visual observation differences. Therefore, it is necessary to build a neural network comparison module to compare and judge the difference between the two. The comparison algorithm is shown in Figure3.Figure 3
String code similarity machine learning comparison module structure.In Figure3, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) module is used to compare two string codes. Each string code is decomposed into 32 integer variables within 10, and a total of 64 integer variables are input. The basic function of the FNN network is shown in formula (3), and one double precision variable output by FNN is input into the binary neural network module. The basic function of the binary algorithm is shown in the following equation:(4)y=∑i=1n1A−BΔexi.Here, the meaning of mathematical symbols is the same as the previous formulas; the algorithm logic shown in Figures1 and 3 includes machine learning algorithm modules such as the neural network. Two string code generation modules in Figure 1 and one string code comparison module in Figure 3 are used for joint training to collect the water and electricity characteristic information generated by different residents living in different houses, give preliminary training, and in the actual training, perform left and right beat training. For example, if the string code information generated by two same residents in different properties cannot obtain the comparison result of “consistent string code,” it will be automatically rejected and rebrush the shoes to be regressed variables until it can obtain the comparison result of “consistent string code.” Because after the statistical processing of the binarization module, the string code comparison result is a double precision variable with an interval of [0,1], and the output result is infinitely close to 0.000 or 1.000. When the result is close to 0.000, it is considered that the two groups of data are “inconsistent,” and when the result is close to 1.000, it is considered that the two groups of data are “consistent.”In the actual judicial process of civil litigation, the water and electricity characteristic string codes of both parties to the dispute in other residences are collected and compared with the water and electricity characteristic string codes of the property involved in the lawsuit at different stages, to find the residence time of both parties to the dispute in the property involved in the lawsuit. This evidence is combined with other evidence (payment records, security camera, access card swiping, housing rights related contracts, etc.) to form the elements of the housing residence certificate evidence chain.


## 4. Effectiveness Test of Machine Learning Recognition Algorithm for House Occupants

The design goal of the algorithm is to use the Internet of things technology to remotely and in the real-time record the data of the water meter and electricity meter, master the real situation of the household’s water and electricity use, deeply analyze and study the law of water and electricity use and use characteristics, build a user portrait, and determine the actual residents of a specific house during a specific event. The research results can provide technical evidence for the transfer time of housing residence right in housing residence right litigation or disputes. Therefore, in the actual calculation, the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm to identify residents need to be simulated.The experimental software of the algorithm in the Python big data analysis software environment is built as the observation group of comparative experiments, relevant references are screened, the similar research software for the identification of housing residency of similar Internet of things big data is obtained, it is reproduced in the simulation environment, and it is used as the machine reference group. At the same time, the staff of courts and law firms for more than 10 years is invited to form an expert group, the right of residence is confirmed through comprehensive evidence collection, and the confirmation results are taken as the manual reference group. All relevant machine learning modules are fully trained and strictly convergent [8]. In 1000 groups of real comparison cases, the sensitivity and specificity of the three groups of data are compared, and Table 1 is obtained:Table 1
Comparison of sensitivity and specificity results of housing residency confirmation.
Comparison itemsSusceptibilitySpecificityObservation group (%)99.398.1Machine reference group (%)95.697.3Odds ratio (%)3.870.82t5.2548.763P0.0080.009Manual reference group (%)72.675.8Odds ratio (%)36.7829.42t1.3792.092P0.0020.002In Table1, susceptibility refers to the proportion of true positive results in all positive results among all comparison results, and specificity refers to the proportion of true negative results in all negative results among all comparison results. The odds ratio refers to the difference between the data of the reference group and the data of the observation group and the data of the reference group, that is, the leading range of the observation group compared with the reference group. The t value and P value are from the bivariate t verification results, and the bivariate selection is from one of the two reference groups and the observation group. When t < 10.000 and P<0.01, it was considered that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups. In the simulation results, the weight confirmation results based on the Internet of things designed in this study show the following two characteristics:(1)
The sensitivity and specificity of the results in the observation group were 3.87% and 0.82% higher than those in the machine reference group and 36.78% and 29.42% higher than those in the manual reference group, respectively. That is, the judgment ability of the two groups of housing tenure confirmation algorithms based on machine learning is close, and both have significant advantages over the manual reference group. The data of the manual reference group come from the joint trial results of their own civil litigation judges and lawyers, which are absolutely authoritative. The technical way of obtaining the confirmation result of housing residence right by machine learning is significantly better than the joint examination result of human beings.(2)
The house occupant identification algorithm based on Internet of things remote meter reading, electric energy meter, and water meter data used by the research observation group did not reach 100% sensitivity and specificity but reached 99.3% and 98.1%, respectively; that is, there is a 0.7% possibility of false positive results or 1.9% possibility of false negative results. The opposing lawyer may therefore raise an objection in court that the evidence is unbelievable. However, through the comparison of 1000 real estates, the results show that its sensitivity and specificity are much higher than the manual joint review of the expert team. Therefore, the objection can be rejected because the manual evaluation results can not refute the machine learning results. With the support of other relevant evidence, the evidence chain is formed, and the credibility of the technical evidence can fully meet the needs of civil defense.In order to verify the ability of the research algorithm and manual joint trial, the common situations in civil housing right of abode debate are simulated for 1000 times. The demonstration error rate of common court debate focus is judged, and Table2 is obtained.Table 2
Comparison of the judgment error rate of common court debate focus.
Comparison itemsObservation group (%)Manual reference group (%)tPContract undelivered0.312.50.0000.000Third party residence0.118.30.0000.000Interruption of residency0.217.50.0000.000Early withdrawal of residency0.222.60.0000.000In Table2, the error rate of the machine learning algorithm is significantly reduced compared with the evaluation results of the manual reference group of the expert group in the process of relevant investigation and evidence collection of four common cases of housing tenure disputes. The four comparisons give the results of T = 0.000 and P≤0.01; that is, the confidence of the difference between the two is 100%. Compared with the result of the manual judgment, this algorithm has absolute advantages. With a very high trial ability, it can be used as a reference for court debate.


## 5. Summary

A large number of data will be generated in residents’ daily life, among which the data of hydropower use is particularly valuable for research. The real-time consumption change curve of hydropower can reflect the use characteristics of users. Smart home IOT technology collects these data and studies and analyzes the report, which will provide technical evidence for the transfer time of housing residency in housing residency litigation or disputes. The software that constructs the algorithm in the python big data analysis software environment has higher judgment ability for the house ownership confirmation algorithm and has significant advantages. The technical way to obtain the confirmation result of housing residence right is also significantly better than other results. With the support of other relevant evidence, the conclusion of the software can form an evidence chain to meet the needs of civil defense, and the credibility of its technical evidence is very high.In the simulation analysis, although the algorithm designed in this paper can not achieve 100% data expression, the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm are much higher than the manual joint review of the expert group, and the error rate is lower than the manual judgment error rate. Therefore, this algorithm has a comparative advantage in obtaining the confirmation results of housing tenure. In future research, the research direction of using machine learning and Internet of things technology to provide court technical evidence still has great room for improvement and development. This research topic will continue to deepen and further improve the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm.



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*Source: 7277581-2022-06-24.xml*