# Research on 3D Rendering Effect of Marine Bionic Packaging Container Based on Deep Learning and Visualization

Authors: Jie Ning; Xiaonan Ren; Joung Hyung Cho
Journal: Scientific Programming
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Three-dimensional rendering includes the test of system development environment and running environment. Three-dimensional rendering influencing factors test: the number and size of parallel blocks affect the average rendering frame rate of 26.9 when the number is 9600 and the size is 10 × 10, and the average rendering frame rate is 13.7 when the number is 600 and the size is 40 × 40. According to relevant data, it is inferred that the average rendering frame rate is higher when the number of parallel blocks is large and the size of parallel blocks is small, and the number is inversely proportional to the size. The rendering window size also has a relative influence on the rendering frame rate. When the window size is 600 × 400, only the terrain frame rate is 77.3, and when the window size is 1200 × 800, the frame rate is 68.1, which shows that when only the terrain frame rate is rendered, the frame rate decreases with the increase in the window size, and its performance is not high when only CPU is used. However, when CPU is combined with GPU, the performance is greatly improved, reaching the highest of 29.3 and the lowest of 21.5, which is much higher than that when only CPU is used. According to the influence of the number of sampling points on the frame rate, the 5 × 5 sampling method and 2 × 2 sampling method proposed in this paper have better frame rate performance than the traditional template shadow method. Through the above data, we know that the number of parallel blocks, size, window size, sampling method, and other factors have a certain impact on the average rendering frame rate. Marine bionics is a marginal subject between marine biology and technical engineering science. Deep networks have had a huge impact on the field of machine learning research and application, but at the same time, they cannot clearly explain the ins and outs of deep networks. People have been working to understand the complex process more thoroughly. Since humans’ cognition and experience of the world mainly come from vision, good visualization can effectively help people understand the deep network and perform effective optimization and adjustment.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Through the analysis of deep learning and 3D rendering of marine bionic packaging containers under visualization, we know the deep neural network process of deep learning, visualization method, 3D rendering principle and process analysis, and marine bionic principle. By studying the deep learning function mode to improve visualization, 3D rendering principle, and process analysis accuracy, according to the factors affecting 3D rendering to improve its rendering performance, the marine bionic packaging container is manufactured through the principle of marine bionic so as to analyze its 3D rendering effect.In literature [1], the topic of computer vision has recently had an impact on food detection and medical applications. The deep learning paradigm of computer vision object segmentation and the visual paradigm learning of online or offline intensive training are the main contents of this paper. Literature [2] reduced the growing number of malicious software by combining RNN with CNN. Learning from raw data [3], that is, deep learning, changes computer vision through end-to-end learning. Through research, we know that this method improves the decoding performance of deep convolution network, and the average decoding is improved from 82.1% to 84%. Good performance is achieved. Literature [4] explored the ability of some microorganisms to manipulate host behavior through the serial block scanning electron microscope and visual image segmentation algorithm based on deep learning. Literature [5] solved the problem of the visualization method of driving behavior by measuring driving behavior with various types of sensors. In order to help people identify the unique driving patterns in continuous driving, we set up driving behavior visualization. In order to distinguish malware and reduce the threat of malware to the Internet [6], we use the MCSC static feature method to transform malware code into gray image for recognition. Experiments show that the MCSC method is very effective in reducing Internet malware, and it can also be combined with main block selection to improve resolution. Literature [7] was proposed to promote the absorption of trace metals, iron in stomach and manganese and zinc in intestine in seaweed decoction. Biomimetic digestion in vitro and biomimetic biofilm extraction can be realized by biomimetic technology, and the absorption of organic matter in stomach and intestine can be promoted. Literature [8] showed that the potential information revealed by VEA learning crystal structure is obtained through VAE and XRD through simulation and experimental data analysis. At the same time, this method can effectively classify XRD data and can quickly identify data outside the distribution, such as new phase and mixture, all of which reflect the value of the VEA method. The YOLO deep learning model combined with the block matching algorithm locates myocardial wall [9], obtains its flow velocity, and draws eddy current graph by nonlinear weight function. The method of YOLO vectorogram analysis and evaluation is based on the visualization analysis of cardiac fluid movement and combined with the analysis of ultrasonic images of cardiac flow field. Finally, the correctness of the proposed method is verified by experiments, which provides a new basis Literature [10] was proposed to solve the problem of limited number of labeled medical images. The lung inflammation caused by COVID-19 was effectively distinguished from other lung inflammations by implementing transfer learning pipeline, and the overall detection accuracy was 90%, 94.3%, and 96.8%. Literature [11] learnt the mapping through the minimum primitive space method of deep neural network, which is a visual learning method. The visualization ability of neural network can be improved by training additional virtual data of neural network and using new activation function of neural network. In literature [12], iIn order to get the best visualization effect, the shadow method combination can be used. Four methods are used to detect the quality of the surface coloring algorithm: z-buffer gradient, gray gradient, adaptive gray gradient, and two extended cubes. In contrast, except for thin objects, gray gradient has stronger ability. Literature [13] proposed 3D rendering of VR, SSD, and maximum intensity projection of computed tomography data to scan for many years. Among them, MPR is useful for identifying small cracks, VR is useful for identifying bare ankle tendons, and 3D is helpful for patients with arthritis. In literature [14], hydrocephalus can be tested by 3D rendering, and surface rendering and conventional linear CSF imaging are valuable for judgment. Compared with planar scanning, it has the advantages of improving high-quality images and more intuitive and clear judgment of disease condition, but its diagnostic value estimation needs further investigation. Literature [15] showed that 3D rendering is especially suitable for free-view video applications. The new depth map compression strategy introduces an effective compression strategy for the shape of the segmented region and then predicts the surface shape from the segmented region and a group of samples with regular intervals, so as to effectively compress a few prediction residuals. The marine bionic packaging container is limited by the actual application scene, and the biological movement scene in the marine environment is realized by simulating the 3D technology. This article mainly highlights the practical application scenarios that this kind of 3D can achieve. In the literature research, there are many application scenarios of 3D technology, but the application scenarios considered are relatively single, and the application in more complex scenarios is not considered, especially the complex transformation of different application objects in ocean simulation scenarios. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the application of 3D technology in marine bionic packaging containers.In this paper, 3D rendering effect, deep neural network, and visualization technology are combined to analyze the 3D rendering of deep learning and visualization of marine bionic packaging containers. By analyzing the influencing factors of 3D rendering (the size and number of parallel blocks, the size of rendering window, the amount of terrain data, and the number of sampling points), we use the LOD model to optimize 3D rendering, realize the relevant advantages of marine life simulation scene, and create a marine bionic packaging container suitable for human use.


## 2. Research on 3D Rendering of Deep Learning and Visualization

### 2.1. Deep Neural Network of Deep Learning

The input layer transmits the information to the hidden layer, and then the hidden layer transmits the data to the value output layer [16] as shown in Figures 1and 2.Figure 1
Node diagram of deep neural network for deep learning.Figure 2
Basic structure diagram of deep neural network.


### 2.2. Visualization Method and Process

The data set is processed, tested, trained, and verified [17], and the specific process is shown in Figures 3and 4.Figure 3
Flow chart of visual dataset.Figure 4
Visual data loop diagram.By inputting data, the data are mapped to visualization and transformed into knowledge through user interaction in visualization [17]. Firstly, the data are mined to the model; secondly, the model is transformed into knowledge through parameter improvement; finally, the knowledge can also be recycled through feedback loop to form data again.


### 2.3. Three-Dimensional Rendering Analysis

The 3D application is passed to the 3D application program interface [18]. The GPU front-end program can transfer the loading of vertex data to the primitive assembly and change from point to point, line, and plane; finally, it is transferred to the cache, and the frame cache displays pixels at a time as shown in Figures 5 and 6.Figure 5
Flow chart of 3D rendering analysis.Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the coordinate system and its relationship.Two-dimensional vector is transformed into the three-dimensional coordinate system by the plane coordinate system and is transformed into the observation coordinate system by using the camera [19].


### 2.4. Marine Bionics

#### 2.4.1. Principle of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

The problem of man and nature has always been a major concern of our human beings. In the long process of development, mankind has been constantly changing nature, and at the same time, it has been affected by nature. From the ancient primitive society to today, human beings have created their own colorful lifestyle and living environment through their own power, but these are all based on the use, change, and sacrifice of nature. In the long process of getting along with nature, many bionic creatures have been created through the influence of many creatures, and the average living standard of citizens has been continuously improved. Of course, these should be realized on the basis of peaceful coexistence between man and nature as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Relationship between man and nature.Packaging container modeling design is a visual form that combines function with beauty and combines application with science to make packaging container a three-dimensional design. The processing technology made of paper, plastic, metallic glass, and other materials creates a three-dimensional form, so as to achieve the main purpose of holding, storing, protecting goods, and conveying information.


#### 2.4.2. Marine Bionic Process

First of all, we collect the experimental data of marine life movement, then scan it by using 3D scanner to get the relevant model, input the data into MATLAB to process and get the relevant movement law, compile the UDF file, then import the data in the file into the model, establish the watershed, divide the grid, set it into FLUENT file, and calculate its hydrodynamic characteristics as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Flow chart of marine bionic packaging container.


## 2.1. Deep Neural Network of Deep Learning

The input layer transmits the information to the hidden layer, and then the hidden layer transmits the data to the value output layer [16] as shown in Figures 1and 2.Figure 1
Node diagram of deep neural network for deep learning.Figure 2
Basic structure diagram of deep neural network.


## 2.2. Visualization Method and Process

The data set is processed, tested, trained, and verified [17], and the specific process is shown in Figures 3and 4.Figure 3
Flow chart of visual dataset.Figure 4
Visual data loop diagram.By inputting data, the data are mapped to visualization and transformed into knowledge through user interaction in visualization [17]. Firstly, the data are mined to the model; secondly, the model is transformed into knowledge through parameter improvement; finally, the knowledge can also be recycled through feedback loop to form data again.


## 2.3. Three-Dimensional Rendering Analysis

The 3D application is passed to the 3D application program interface [18]. The GPU front-end program can transfer the loading of vertex data to the primitive assembly and change from point to point, line, and plane; finally, it is transferred to the cache, and the frame cache displays pixels at a time as shown in Figures 5 and 6.Figure 5
Flow chart of 3D rendering analysis.Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the coordinate system and its relationship.Two-dimensional vector is transformed into the three-dimensional coordinate system by the plane coordinate system and is transformed into the observation coordinate system by using the camera [19].


## 2.4. Marine Bionics

### 2.4.1. Principle of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

The problem of man and nature has always been a major concern of our human beings. In the long process of development, mankind has been constantly changing nature, and at the same time, it has been affected by nature. From the ancient primitive society to today, human beings have created their own colorful lifestyle and living environment through their own power, but these are all based on the use, change, and sacrifice of nature. In the long process of getting along with nature, many bionic creatures have been created through the influence of many creatures, and the average living standard of citizens has been continuously improved. Of course, these should be realized on the basis of peaceful coexistence between man and nature as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Relationship between man and nature.Packaging container modeling design is a visual form that combines function with beauty and combines application with science to make packaging container a three-dimensional design. The processing technology made of paper, plastic, metallic glass, and other materials creates a three-dimensional form, so as to achieve the main purpose of holding, storing, protecting goods, and conveying information.


### 2.4.2. Marine Bionic Process

First of all, we collect the experimental data of marine life movement, then scan it by using 3D scanner to get the relevant model, input the data into MATLAB to process and get the relevant movement law, compile the UDF file, then import the data in the file into the model, establish the watershed, divide the grid, set it into FLUENT file, and calculate its hydrodynamic characteristics as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Flow chart of marine bionic packaging container.


## 2.4.1. Principle of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

The problem of man and nature has always been a major concern of our human beings. In the long process of development, mankind has been constantly changing nature, and at the same time, it has been affected by nature. From the ancient primitive society to today, human beings have created their own colorful lifestyle and living environment through their own power, but these are all based on the use, change, and sacrifice of nature. In the long process of getting along with nature, many bionic creatures have been created through the influence of many creatures, and the average living standard of citizens has been continuously improved. Of course, these should be realized on the basis of peaceful coexistence between man and nature as shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Relationship between man and nature.Packaging container modeling design is a visual form that combines function with beauty and combines application with science to make packaging container a three-dimensional design. The processing technology made of paper, plastic, metallic glass, and other materials creates a three-dimensional form, so as to achieve the main purpose of holding, storing, protecting goods, and conveying information.


## 2.4.2. Marine Bionic Process

First of all, we collect the experimental data of marine life movement, then scan it by using 3D scanner to get the relevant model, input the data into MATLAB to process and get the relevant movement law, compile the UDF file, then import the data in the file into the model, establish the watershed, divide the grid, set it into FLUENT file, and calculate its hydrodynamic characteristics as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Flow chart of marine bionic packaging container.


## 3. Deep Learning and 3D Rendering Model

### 3.1. Three-Dimensional Rendering Formula

#### 3.1.1. Transformation Matrix Calculation

(1)
Camera transformation matrix is as follows:(1)CM=C−1=TR−1=R−1T−1,CM=UxUyUz−U⋅TVxVyVz−V⋅TNxNyNz−N⋅T0001.(2)
Perspective projection matrix formula is as follows:(2)PM=cot1/2fovaspect0000cot12⋅fov0000ZfZf−Zn100Zf⋅ZnZn−Zf0.(3)
Viewport transformation matrix formula


### 3.2. Deep Learning Formula

#### 3.2.1. Score Function

(3)SM=WidthZ0000−Height20000MaxZ−MinZ0X+Width2Y+Height2MinZ1,fx,W=Wx.


#### 3.2.2. Calculation of SVM Loss Function

Loss is calculated for categories other than the marked category of the sample; that is, the marked category is not included in the loss, and other categories are calculated and accumulated as the loss of a sample.(4)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1.


#### 3.2.3. SVM Loss Function with Regularization Penalty Term [20]

(5)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1+λRW.Among them,λRW is the regularization penalty term.


#### 3.2.4. L2 Regularization

(6)RW=∑K∑LWK,L2=12W2.The regularization penalty term SVM loss function is added [21].(7)L=data_loss+w_loss.


#### 3.2.5. Cross Entropy Loss Function

(8)Li=−logefyi∑jefj.Among them,(9)fZj=eZj∑KeZk.


#### 3.2.6. The Learning Rate of Deep Learning Is the Gradient Descent Step [22]

(10)dfxdx=limh⟶0fx+h−fxh.


#### 3.2.7. Single Layer Neural Network[23]

(11)f=W2max0,W1x,f=W3max0,W2max0,W1x.


#### 3.2.8. Position Coding

(12)PEpos,2i=sinpos100002i/dmodel,PEpos,2i+1=cospos100002i/dmodel,1100002i/dmodel=elog1/100002i/dmodel=e−log100002i/dmodel=e−2i/dmodellog10000=e2i∗log10000/dmodel.


### 3.3. Location Information Embedding Calculation

(13)v2i=sinpf2i,v2i+1=cospf2i.P is position information [24]; F is the frequency parameter.


### 3.4. Cyclic Neural Network Calculation

(14)Ot=fV⋅st,st=gU⋅xt+W⋅st−1,Ot=fV⋅gU⋅Xt+W⋅st−1.


### 3.5. Calculation Method of Attention Mechanism

(1)
Point multiplication:(15)fQ,Ki=QTKi.(2)
Weight:(16)fQ,Ki=QTWKi.(3)
Splicing weight:(17)fQ,Ki=WQT;Ki,(4)
Perceptron:(18)fQ,Ki=VTtanhWQ+UKi.


## 3.1. Three-Dimensional Rendering Formula

### 3.1.1. Transformation Matrix Calculation

(1)
Camera transformation matrix is as follows:(1)CM=C−1=TR−1=R−1T−1,CM=UxUyUz−U⋅TVxVyVz−V⋅TNxNyNz−N⋅T0001.(2)
Perspective projection matrix formula is as follows:(2)PM=cot1/2fovaspect0000cot12⋅fov0000ZfZf−Zn100Zf⋅ZnZn−Zf0.(3)
Viewport transformation matrix formula


## 3.1.1. Transformation Matrix Calculation

(1)
Camera transformation matrix is as follows:(1)CM=C−1=TR−1=R−1T−1,CM=UxUyUz−U⋅TVxVyVz−V⋅TNxNyNz−N⋅T0001.(2)
Perspective projection matrix formula is as follows:(2)PM=cot1/2fovaspect0000cot12⋅fov0000ZfZf−Zn100Zf⋅ZnZn−Zf0.(3)
Viewport transformation matrix formula


## 3.2. Deep Learning Formula

### 3.2.1. Score Function

(3)SM=WidthZ0000−Height20000MaxZ−MinZ0X+Width2Y+Height2MinZ1,fx,W=Wx.


### 3.2.2. Calculation of SVM Loss Function

Loss is calculated for categories other than the marked category of the sample; that is, the marked category is not included in the loss, and other categories are calculated and accumulated as the loss of a sample.(4)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1.


### 3.2.3. SVM Loss Function with Regularization Penalty Term [20]

(5)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1+λRW.Among them,λRW is the regularization penalty term.


### 3.2.4. L2 Regularization

(6)RW=∑K∑LWK,L2=12W2.The regularization penalty term SVM loss function is added [21].(7)L=data_loss+w_loss.


### 3.2.5. Cross Entropy Loss Function

(8)Li=−logefyi∑jefj.Among them,(9)fZj=eZj∑KeZk.


### 3.2.6. The Learning Rate of Deep Learning Is the Gradient Descent Step [22]

(10)dfxdx=limh⟶0fx+h−fxh.


### 3.2.7. Single Layer Neural Network[23]

(11)f=W2max0,W1x,f=W3max0,W2max0,W1x.


### 3.2.8. Position Coding

(12)PEpos,2i=sinpos100002i/dmodel,PEpos,2i+1=cospos100002i/dmodel,1100002i/dmodel=elog1/100002i/dmodel=e−log100002i/dmodel=e−2i/dmodellog10000=e2i∗log10000/dmodel.


## 3.2.1. Score Function

(3)SM=WidthZ0000−Height20000MaxZ−MinZ0X+Width2Y+Height2MinZ1,fx,W=Wx.


## 3.2.2. Calculation of SVM Loss Function

Loss is calculated for categories other than the marked category of the sample; that is, the marked category is not included in the loss, and other categories are calculated and accumulated as the loss of a sample.(4)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1.


## 3.2.3. SVM Loss Function with Regularization Penalty Term [20]

(5)L=1N∑i=1N∑j≠yimax0,fxi,Wj−fxi,Wyi+1+λRW.Among them,λRW is the regularization penalty term.


## 3.2.4. L2 Regularization

(6)RW=∑K∑LWK,L2=12W2.The regularization penalty term SVM loss function is added [21].(7)L=data_loss+w_loss.


## 3.2.5. Cross Entropy Loss Function

(8)Li=−logefyi∑jefj.Among them,(9)fZj=eZj∑KeZk.


## 3.2.6. The Learning Rate of Deep Learning Is the Gradient Descent Step [22]

(10)dfxdx=limh⟶0fx+h−fxh.


## 3.2.7. Single Layer Neural Network[23]

(11)f=W2max0,W1x,f=W3max0,W2max0,W1x.


## 3.2.8. Position Coding

(12)PEpos,2i=sinpos100002i/dmodel,PEpos,2i+1=cospos100002i/dmodel,1100002i/dmodel=elog1/100002i/dmodel=e−log100002i/dmodel=e−2i/dmodellog10000=e2i∗log10000/dmodel.


## 3.3. Location Information Embedding Calculation

(13)v2i=sinpf2i,v2i+1=cospf2i.P is position information [24]; F is the frequency parameter.


## 3.4. Cyclic Neural Network Calculation

(14)Ot=fV⋅st,st=gU⋅xt+W⋅st−1,Ot=fV⋅gU⋅Xt+W⋅st−1.


## 3.5. Calculation Method of Attention Mechanism

(1)
Point multiplication:(15)fQ,Ki=QTKi.(2)
Weight:(16)fQ,Ki=QTWKi.(3)
Splicing weight:(17)fQ,Ki=WQT;Ki,(4)
Perceptron:(18)fQ,Ki=VTtanhWQ+UKi.


## 4. Research and Test of Deep Learning and 3D Rendering

### 4.1. Research and Test of 3D Rendering

#### 4.1.1. System Development Test

Through investigation, we know that the test of the 3D rendering system includes system development environment and system running environment. From these two aspects, we can know that the specific parameters of development environment and running environment are as follows.It can be seen from the table that the system development environment includes the following four parts, such as system development platform, 3D rendering engine, GPU parallel computing toolset, and terrain data processing toolset. The required parameters are shown in Table1.Table 1
System development environment parameters.
ProjectRelated dataSystem development platformThree-dimensional rendering engineGPU Parallel Computing ToolsetTerrain data processing tool setVisual studio 2012OpenSceneGraphCUDAGDALThe system operating environment parameters are shown in Table2.Table 2
System running environment parameters.
NameRelated dataCentral processing unitIntel®Xeon®CPU E5-2609@2.4GHzGraphics processorFermiInternal memory16 GBOperating systemWindows7


#### 4.1.2. Factor Influence Test

Influence of Parallel Block Size and Number on 3D Rendering. By studying the influence of the size and number of parallel blocks on the average rendering frame rate, as can be seen from Table 3, when the number of parallel blocks is 600 and the size is 40 × 40, the average rendering frame rate is 13.7; when the number of parallel blocks is 1600 and the size is 20 × 30, the average rendering frame rate is 16.6; when the number is 2400 and the size is 20 × 20, the frame rate is 19.8 and the number is 4800; when the size is 10 × 20, it is 23.5, the number is 9600, and the size is 10 × 10. According to the icon and data, it can be seen that with the increase in the number of parallel blocks, the size of parallel blocks decreases and the average rendering frame rate will gradually increase.Table 3
Test chart of influence of size and quantity.
Number of parallel blocksParallel block size (width × height)Average rendering frame rate (FPS)60040 × 4013.7160020 × 3016.6240020 × 2019.8480010 × 2023.5960010 × 1026.9Influence of Rendering Window Size and Cooperation on Rendering Frame Rate. The table judges whether the window size affects the rendering frame rate by studying only rendering terrain frame rate, only CPU, and CPU + GPU. From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that when the window size is 600 × 400, only the terrain frame rate is 77.3, and when the window size is 1200 × 800, only the terrain frame rate is 68.1. With the increase in the window size, the terrain frame rate decreases and the CPU frame rate also decreases, but the efficiency is low, but when CPU + GPU renders, the efficiency is greatly improved.Table 4
Window size image test chart.
Window size (width × length)Render terrain frame rateCPU (fps)CPU + GPU (fps)600 × 40077.31.129.3800 × 60075.21.126.41024 × 76870.11.023.31200 × 80068.1<1.021.5It can be seen from Figure9 that only CPU runtime utility is low, but the rendering frame rate efficiency is greatly improved when CPU and GPU run at the same time.Figure 9
Factors affecting rendering by rendering window size.Influence of Terrain Data Quantity on Rendering Frame Rate. From the data, it can be seen that the number and level have no great influence on the average rendering in Table 5.Table 5
Influence factors of terrain data quantity and level on test.
Number of triangular patches of the terrain modelLOD hierarchy of terrain dataAverage rendering frame rate (fps)454121.53023321.61065522.322480922.1Influence of Sampling Point Number on Rendering Performance. The abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents the rendering frame rate. Figures 10 and 11, respectively, represent two sets of data tests. From the trend of this graph, we can see that the method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional template shadow volume method in rendering and its performance is better. At the same time, the frame rates of MASS, 5 × 5 sampling method, and 2 × 2 sampling method are all within the acceptable range, and their performance is better. Relatively speaking, the traditional template shadow volume method has lower frame rate and lower performance. 5 × 5 sampling and 2 × 2 sampling can be selected to ensure good rendering performance as shown in Figures 10 and 11.Figure 10
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.Figure 11
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.


#### 4.1.3. Optimization of 3D Rendering Performance of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

Using CARD Model to Optimize 3D Rendering. Three-dimensional modeling refers to the process of building a three-dimensional model on a two-dimensional plane. After the creation of the three-dimensional model is completed, it needs to be subjected to material mapping and lighting layout, and the software is used to fit and integrate these with the model to make the three-dimensional model present as real, photo-quality images. This whole process is 3D modeling and rendering. Table 6 compares simplified and nonsimplified model 3D rendering with a minimum required time of 16.773 and a maximum required time of 18.552. The average time is 17.773; the minimum required time without simplification is 21.457, the maximum required time is 26.838, and the average required time is 24.663. In contrast, the time required for simplification is significantly lower than that required for nonsimplification. Through the LOD model to improve performance, better three-dimensional rendering of marine life, using the advantages of marine life, and combining with the current environment, the marine bionic packaging container is developed, which makes people develop continuously in the process of getting along with marine life. In order to improve performance, 3D rendering should be simplified as shown in Figure 12.Table 6
Optimization table of 3D rendering of the LOD model.
Experimental method12345AverageNot simplified/s21.45723.55626.83825.33426.13224.663Simplify/s16.77318.22316.99418.32418.55217.773Figure 12
LOD model scene rendering time comparison diagram.


#### 4.1.4. Three-Dimensional Rendering Memory Management Test

By comparing the cached memory management of 3D rendering with the common memory management, according to the structure, it can be known that the maximum time of cached memory management is 0.87 s and the minimum time is 1.00 s when the number of experiments and allocated memory is the same and 1000000 times. Comparing the experimental data, we can see that the time required when using cached memory management is faster than that of ordinary memory management, so using cached memory management can improve the efficiency of 3D rendering memory management. Therefore, for marine bionics, cache memory management is better than 3D rendering. Under certain conditions, cache memory management should be preferred as shown in Tables7 and 8 and Figure 13.Table 7
Cached memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000000.87210000001.00310000000.95410000000.88510000000.97Table 8
Normal memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000001.26210000001.45310000001.23410000001.43510000001.38Figure 13
Comparison diagram of 3D rendering memory management.


### 4.2. Optimization Scheme of Deep Learning Model

#### 4.2.1. Activation Function

The Sigmoid derivative function moving steeply is not easily derived by comparison and has a nonzero center point as shown in Figures14 and 15.Series 1 is sigmoid derivativeSeries 2 is a sigmoid functionFigure 14
Sigmoid function graph.Figure 15
Tanh function graph.FIgure15 shows the tanh function.Series 1 is tanh functionSeries 2 is tanh derivativeA characteristic of that ReLU function is that the value of the function is zero before the coordinate zero. After the zero coordinate point, the trend of one line is more gentle, while the trend of one line is steeper, but it is more accurate than the above two functional models. The optimization model of deep learning neural network is discussed by using the sigmoid derivative function, tanh derivative function, and ReLU function of deep learning neural network. The ReLU function graph is shown in Figure16.Figure 16
ReLU function graph.


## 4.1. Research and Test of 3D Rendering

### 4.1.1. System Development Test

Through investigation, we know that the test of the 3D rendering system includes system development environment and system running environment. From these two aspects, we can know that the specific parameters of development environment and running environment are as follows.It can be seen from the table that the system development environment includes the following four parts, such as system development platform, 3D rendering engine, GPU parallel computing toolset, and terrain data processing toolset. The required parameters are shown in Table1.Table 1
System development environment parameters.
ProjectRelated dataSystem development platformThree-dimensional rendering engineGPU Parallel Computing ToolsetTerrain data processing tool setVisual studio 2012OpenSceneGraphCUDAGDALThe system operating environment parameters are shown in Table2.Table 2
System running environment parameters.
NameRelated dataCentral processing unitIntel®Xeon®CPU E5-2609@2.4GHzGraphics processorFermiInternal memory16 GBOperating systemWindows7


### 4.1.2. Factor Influence Test

Influence of Parallel Block Size and Number on 3D Rendering. By studying the influence of the size and number of parallel blocks on the average rendering frame rate, as can be seen from Table 3, when the number of parallel blocks is 600 and the size is 40 × 40, the average rendering frame rate is 13.7; when the number of parallel blocks is 1600 and the size is 20 × 30, the average rendering frame rate is 16.6; when the number is 2400 and the size is 20 × 20, the frame rate is 19.8 and the number is 4800; when the size is 10 × 20, it is 23.5, the number is 9600, and the size is 10 × 10. According to the icon and data, it can be seen that with the increase in the number of parallel blocks, the size of parallel blocks decreases and the average rendering frame rate will gradually increase.Table 3
Test chart of influence of size and quantity.
Number of parallel blocksParallel block size (width × height)Average rendering frame rate (FPS)60040 × 4013.7160020 × 3016.6240020 × 2019.8480010 × 2023.5960010 × 1026.9Influence of Rendering Window Size and Cooperation on Rendering Frame Rate. The table judges whether the window size affects the rendering frame rate by studying only rendering terrain frame rate, only CPU, and CPU + GPU. From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that when the window size is 600 × 400, only the terrain frame rate is 77.3, and when the window size is 1200 × 800, only the terrain frame rate is 68.1. With the increase in the window size, the terrain frame rate decreases and the CPU frame rate also decreases, but the efficiency is low, but when CPU + GPU renders, the efficiency is greatly improved.Table 4
Window size image test chart.
Window size (width × length)Render terrain frame rateCPU (fps)CPU + GPU (fps)600 × 40077.31.129.3800 × 60075.21.126.41024 × 76870.11.023.31200 × 80068.1<1.021.5It can be seen from Figure9 that only CPU runtime utility is low, but the rendering frame rate efficiency is greatly improved when CPU and GPU run at the same time.Figure 9
Factors affecting rendering by rendering window size.Influence of Terrain Data Quantity on Rendering Frame Rate. From the data, it can be seen that the number and level have no great influence on the average rendering in Table 5.Table 5
Influence factors of terrain data quantity and level on test.
Number of triangular patches of the terrain modelLOD hierarchy of terrain dataAverage rendering frame rate (fps)454121.53023321.61065522.322480922.1Influence of Sampling Point Number on Rendering Performance. The abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents the rendering frame rate. Figures 10 and 11, respectively, represent two sets of data tests. From the trend of this graph, we can see that the method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional template shadow volume method in rendering and its performance is better. At the same time, the frame rates of MASS, 5 × 5 sampling method, and 2 × 2 sampling method are all within the acceptable range, and their performance is better. Relatively speaking, the traditional template shadow volume method has lower frame rate and lower performance. 5 × 5 sampling and 2 × 2 sampling can be selected to ensure good rendering performance as shown in Figures 10 and 11.Figure 10
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.Figure 11
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.


### 4.1.3. Optimization of 3D Rendering Performance of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

Using CARD Model to Optimize 3D Rendering. Three-dimensional modeling refers to the process of building a three-dimensional model on a two-dimensional plane. After the creation of the three-dimensional model is completed, it needs to be subjected to material mapping and lighting layout, and the software is used to fit and integrate these with the model to make the three-dimensional model present as real, photo-quality images. This whole process is 3D modeling and rendering. Table 6 compares simplified and nonsimplified model 3D rendering with a minimum required time of 16.773 and a maximum required time of 18.552. The average time is 17.773; the minimum required time without simplification is 21.457, the maximum required time is 26.838, and the average required time is 24.663. In contrast, the time required for simplification is significantly lower than that required for nonsimplification. Through the LOD model to improve performance, better three-dimensional rendering of marine life, using the advantages of marine life, and combining with the current environment, the marine bionic packaging container is developed, which makes people develop continuously in the process of getting along with marine life. In order to improve performance, 3D rendering should be simplified as shown in Figure 12.Table 6
Optimization table of 3D rendering of the LOD model.
Experimental method12345AverageNot simplified/s21.45723.55626.83825.33426.13224.663Simplify/s16.77318.22316.99418.32418.55217.773Figure 12
LOD model scene rendering time comparison diagram.


### 4.1.4. Three-Dimensional Rendering Memory Management Test

By comparing the cached memory management of 3D rendering with the common memory management, according to the structure, it can be known that the maximum time of cached memory management is 0.87 s and the minimum time is 1.00 s when the number of experiments and allocated memory is the same and 1000000 times. Comparing the experimental data, we can see that the time required when using cached memory management is faster than that of ordinary memory management, so using cached memory management can improve the efficiency of 3D rendering memory management. Therefore, for marine bionics, cache memory management is better than 3D rendering. Under certain conditions, cache memory management should be preferred as shown in Tables7 and 8 and Figure 13.Table 7
Cached memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000000.87210000001.00310000000.95410000000.88510000000.97Table 8
Normal memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000001.26210000001.45310000001.23410000001.43510000001.38Figure 13
Comparison diagram of 3D rendering memory management.


## 4.1.1. System Development Test

Through investigation, we know that the test of the 3D rendering system includes system development environment and system running environment. From these two aspects, we can know that the specific parameters of development environment and running environment are as follows.It can be seen from the table that the system development environment includes the following four parts, such as system development platform, 3D rendering engine, GPU parallel computing toolset, and terrain data processing toolset. The required parameters are shown in Table1.Table 1
System development environment parameters.
ProjectRelated dataSystem development platformThree-dimensional rendering engineGPU Parallel Computing ToolsetTerrain data processing tool setVisual studio 2012OpenSceneGraphCUDAGDALThe system operating environment parameters are shown in Table2.Table 2
System running environment parameters.
NameRelated dataCentral processing unitIntel®Xeon®CPU E5-2609@2.4GHzGraphics processorFermiInternal memory16 GBOperating systemWindows7


## 4.1.2. Factor Influence Test

Influence of Parallel Block Size and Number on 3D Rendering. By studying the influence of the size and number of parallel blocks on the average rendering frame rate, as can be seen from Table 3, when the number of parallel blocks is 600 and the size is 40 × 40, the average rendering frame rate is 13.7; when the number of parallel blocks is 1600 and the size is 20 × 30, the average rendering frame rate is 16.6; when the number is 2400 and the size is 20 × 20, the frame rate is 19.8 and the number is 4800; when the size is 10 × 20, it is 23.5, the number is 9600, and the size is 10 × 10. According to the icon and data, it can be seen that with the increase in the number of parallel blocks, the size of parallel blocks decreases and the average rendering frame rate will gradually increase.Table 3
Test chart of influence of size and quantity.
Number of parallel blocksParallel block size (width × height)Average rendering frame rate (FPS)60040 × 4013.7160020 × 3016.6240020 × 2019.8480010 × 2023.5960010 × 1026.9Influence of Rendering Window Size and Cooperation on Rendering Frame Rate. The table judges whether the window size affects the rendering frame rate by studying only rendering terrain frame rate, only CPU, and CPU + GPU. From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that when the window size is 600 × 400, only the terrain frame rate is 77.3, and when the window size is 1200 × 800, only the terrain frame rate is 68.1. With the increase in the window size, the terrain frame rate decreases and the CPU frame rate also decreases, but the efficiency is low, but when CPU + GPU renders, the efficiency is greatly improved.Table 4
Window size image test chart.
Window size (width × length)Render terrain frame rateCPU (fps)CPU + GPU (fps)600 × 40077.31.129.3800 × 60075.21.126.41024 × 76870.11.023.31200 × 80068.1<1.021.5It can be seen from Figure9 that only CPU runtime utility is low, but the rendering frame rate efficiency is greatly improved when CPU and GPU run at the same time.Figure 9
Factors affecting rendering by rendering window size.Influence of Terrain Data Quantity on Rendering Frame Rate. From the data, it can be seen that the number and level have no great influence on the average rendering in Table 5.Table 5
Influence factors of terrain data quantity and level on test.
Number of triangular patches of the terrain modelLOD hierarchy of terrain dataAverage rendering frame rate (fps)454121.53023321.61065522.322480922.1Influence of Sampling Point Number on Rendering Performance. The abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents the rendering frame rate. Figures 10 and 11, respectively, represent two sets of data tests. From the trend of this graph, we can see that the method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional template shadow volume method in rendering and its performance is better. At the same time, the frame rates of MASS, 5 × 5 sampling method, and 2 × 2 sampling method are all within the acceptable range, and their performance is better. Relatively speaking, the traditional template shadow volume method has lower frame rate and lower performance. 5 × 5 sampling and 2 × 2 sampling can be selected to ensure good rendering performance as shown in Figures 10 and 11.Figure 10
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.Figure 11
Curves of different sampling frame rates by different methods.


## 4.1.3. Optimization of 3D Rendering Performance of Marine Bionic Packaging Container

Using CARD Model to Optimize 3D Rendering. Three-dimensional modeling refers to the process of building a three-dimensional model on a two-dimensional plane. After the creation of the three-dimensional model is completed, it needs to be subjected to material mapping and lighting layout, and the software is used to fit and integrate these with the model to make the three-dimensional model present as real, photo-quality images. This whole process is 3D modeling and rendering. Table 6 compares simplified and nonsimplified model 3D rendering with a minimum required time of 16.773 and a maximum required time of 18.552. The average time is 17.773; the minimum required time without simplification is 21.457, the maximum required time is 26.838, and the average required time is 24.663. In contrast, the time required for simplification is significantly lower than that required for nonsimplification. Through the LOD model to improve performance, better three-dimensional rendering of marine life, using the advantages of marine life, and combining with the current environment, the marine bionic packaging container is developed, which makes people develop continuously in the process of getting along with marine life. In order to improve performance, 3D rendering should be simplified as shown in Figure 12.Table 6
Optimization table of 3D rendering of the LOD model.
Experimental method12345AverageNot simplified/s21.45723.55626.83825.33426.13224.663Simplify/s16.77318.22316.99418.32418.55217.773Figure 12
LOD model scene rendering time comparison diagram.


## 4.1.4. Three-Dimensional Rendering Memory Management Test

By comparing the cached memory management of 3D rendering with the common memory management, according to the structure, it can be known that the maximum time of cached memory management is 0.87 s and the minimum time is 1.00 s when the number of experiments and allocated memory is the same and 1000000 times. Comparing the experimental data, we can see that the time required when using cached memory management is faster than that of ordinary memory management, so using cached memory management can improve the efficiency of 3D rendering memory management. Therefore, for marine bionics, cache memory management is better than 3D rendering. Under certain conditions, cache memory management should be preferred as shown in Tables7 and 8 and Figure 13.Table 7
Cached memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000000.87210000001.00310000000.95410000000.88510000000.97Table 8
Normal memory management.
Number of testsNumber of memory allocations/timesTime spent (s)110000001.26210000001.45310000001.23410000001.43510000001.38Figure 13
Comparison diagram of 3D rendering memory management.


## 4.2. Optimization Scheme of Deep Learning Model

### 4.2.1. Activation Function

The Sigmoid derivative function moving steeply is not easily derived by comparison and has a nonzero center point as shown in Figures14 and 15.Series 1 is sigmoid derivativeSeries 2 is a sigmoid functionFigure 14
Sigmoid function graph.Figure 15
Tanh function graph.FIgure15 shows the tanh function.Series 1 is tanh functionSeries 2 is tanh derivativeA characteristic of that ReLU function is that the value of the function is zero before the coordinate zero. After the zero coordinate point, the trend of one line is more gentle, while the trend of one line is steeper, but it is more accurate than the above two functional models. The optimization model of deep learning neural network is discussed by using the sigmoid derivative function, tanh derivative function, and ReLU function of deep learning neural network. The ReLU function graph is shown in Figure16.Figure 16
ReLU function graph.


## 4.2.1. Activation Function

The Sigmoid derivative function moving steeply is not easily derived by comparison and has a nonzero center point as shown in Figures14 and 15.Series 1 is sigmoid derivativeSeries 2 is a sigmoid functionFigure 14
Sigmoid function graph.Figure 15
Tanh function graph.FIgure15 shows the tanh function.Series 1 is tanh functionSeries 2 is tanh derivativeA characteristic of that ReLU function is that the value of the function is zero before the coordinate zero. After the zero coordinate point, the trend of one line is more gentle, while the trend of one line is steeper, but it is more accurate than the above two functional models. The optimization model of deep learning neural network is discussed by using the sigmoid derivative function, tanh derivative function, and ReLU function of deep learning neural network. The ReLU function graph is shown in Figure16.Figure 16
ReLU function graph.


## 5. Conclusion

Through the combination of 3D rendering effects, deep neural networks, and visualization methods, the 3D rendering of deep learning and visualization of marine bionic packaging containers is analyzed. Through testing the three-dimensional rendering, the influencing factors include the size and number of parallel blocks, the size of the rendering window, the amount of terrain data, and the number of sampling points; according to the relevant influencing factors, the LOD model is used to optimize the three-dimensional rendering. Through the optimization of the deep learning model, the three activation functions are studied, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Through the research in this article, the relevant advantages of marine organisms can be used to create marine bionic packaging containers suitable for human use, which will make our lives more convenient.



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*Source: 7067342-2022-02-17.xml*