# Coefficient Estimates for Certain Subclasses of Biunivalent Functions Defined by Convolution

Authors: R. Vijaya; T. V. Sudharsan; S. Sivasubramanian
Journal: International Journal of Analysis
 (2016)

---

## Abstract

We introduce two new subclasses of the function classΣ of biunivalent functions in the open disc defined by convolution. Estimates on the coefficients a
2 and a
3 for the two subclasses are obtained. Moreover, we verify Brannan and Clunie’s conjecture a
2
≤
2 for our subclasses.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

LetA denote the class of functions of the form(1)
f
z
=
z
+
∑
j
=
2
∞
a
j
z
j
,
a
j
≥
0which are analytic in the open disc Δ
=
{
z
:
|
z
|
<
1
} and normalized by f
(
0
)
=
0, f
′
(
0
)
=
1. Let S be the subclass of A consisting of univalent functions f
(
z
) of form (1).Forf
(
z
) defined by (1) and h
(
z
) defined by(2)
h
z
=
z
+
∑
j
=
2
∞
h
j
z
j
,
h
j
≥
0
,the Hadamard product (or convolution) of f and h is defined by(3)
f
∗
h
z
=
z
+
∑
j
=
2
∞
a
j
h
j
z
j
=
h
∗
f
z
.It is well known that every functionf
∈
S has an inverse f
-
1 defined by (4)
f
-
1
f
z
=
z
z
∈
Δ
,
f
f
-
1
w
=
w
w
<
r
0
f
:
r
0
f
≥
1
4
.Indeed, the inverse function may have an analytic continuation to Δ, with(5)
f
-
1
w
=
w
-
a
2
w
2
+
2
a
2
2
-
a
3
w
3
-
5
a
2
3
-
5
a
2
a
3
+
a
4
w
4
+
⋯
.A functionf
∈
A is said to be biunivalent in Δ if f
(
z
) and f
-
1
(
z
) are univalent in Δ. Let Σ denote the class of biunivalent functions in Δ given by (1). In 1967, Lewin [1] investigated the biunivalent function class Σ and showed that a
2
<
1.51. Brannan and Clunie [2] conjectured that a
2
≤
2. Netanyahu [3] introduced certain subclasses of biunivalent function class Σ similar to the familiar subclasses S
∗
(
α
) and K
(
α
) of starlike and convex functions of order α (0
<
α
≤
1). Brannan and Taha [4] defined f
∈
A in the class S
Σ
(
α
) of strongly bistarlike functions of order α (0
<
α
≤
1) if each of the following conditions is satisfied:(6)
f
∈
Σ
,
arg
⁡
z
f
′
z
f
z
<
α
π
2
0
<
α
≤
1
,
z
∈
Δ
,
arg
⁡
w
g
′
w
g
w
<
α
π
2
0
<
α
≤
1
,
w
∈
Δ
,where g is as defined by (5). They also introduced the class of all bistarlike functions of order β defined as a function f
∈
A, which is said to be in the class S
Σ
∗
(
β
) if the following conditions are satisfied:(7)
f
∈
Σ
,
R
z
f
′
z
f
z
>
β
,
z
∈
Δ
;
0
≤
β
<
1
,
R
w
g
′
w
g
w
>
β
,
w
∈
Δ
;
0
≤
β
<
1
,where the function g is as defined in (5). The classes S
Σ
∗
(
α
) and K
Σ
(
α
) of bistarlike functions of order β and biconvex functions of order β, corresponding to the function classes S
∗
(
β
) and K
(
β
), were introduced analogously. For each of the function classes S
Σ
∗
(
β
) and K
Σ
∗
(
β
), they found nonsharp estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients a
2 and a
3 (see [2, 5]). Some examples of biunivalent functions are z
/
1
-
z, (
1
/
2
)
log
⁡
(
1
+
z
)
/
(
1
-
z
), and -
log
⁡
(
1
-
z
) (see [6]). The coefficient estimate problem for each of the following Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients, a
n (n
∈
N, n
≥
3), is still open ([6]). Various subclasses of biunivalent function class Σ were introduced and nonsharp estimates on the first two coefficients |
a
2
| and |
a
3
| in the Taylor-Maclaurin series (1) were found in several investigations (see [7–11]).In this present investigation, motivated by the works of Brannan and Taha [2] and Srivastava et al. [6], we introduce two new subclasses of biunivalent functions involving convolution. The first two initial coefficients of each of these two new subclasses are obtained. Further, we prove that Brannan and Clunie’s conjecture is true for our subclasses.In order to derive our main results, we have to recall the following lemma.Lemma 1 (see [12]).
Ifp
∈
P, then p
k
≤
2 for each k, where P is the family of all functions p
(
z
) analytic in Δ for which R
e
{
p
(
z
)
}
>
0; (8)
p
z
=
1
+
p
1
z
+
p
2
z
2
+
p
3
z
3
+
⋯
∀
z
∈
Δ
.


## 2. Coefficient Bounds for the ClassesS
Σ
(
h
,
α
,
λ
) and S
Σ
∗
(
h
,
β
,
λ
)

Definition 2.
A functionf
(
z
) given by (1) is said to be in the class S
Σ
(
h
,
α
,
λ
), if the following conditions are satisfied:(9)
f
∈
Σ
,
arg
⁡
z
f
∗
h
′
z
+
λ
z
2
f
∗
h
′
′
z
f
∗
h
z
<
α
π
2
,
0
<
α
≤
1
,
λ
≥
0
,
z
∈
Δ
,
arg
⁡
w
f
∗
h
-
1
′
w
+
λ
w
2
f
∗
h
-
1
′
′
z
f
∗
h
-
1
w
<
α
π
2
,
0
<
α
≤
1
,
λ
≥
0
,
w
∈
Δ
,where the function h
(
z
) is defined by (2) and (
f
∗
h
)
-
1
(
w
) is defined by(10)
f
∗
h
-
1
w
=
w
-
a
2
h
2
w
2
+
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
-
a
3
h
3
w
3
-
5
a
2
3
h
2
3
-
5
a
2
h
2
a
3
h
3
+
a
4
h
4
w
4
+
⋯
(11)
f
∗
h
-
1
w
′
=
1
-
2
a
2
h
2
w
+
3
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
-
a
3
h
3
w
2
-
⋯
.
Clearly,S
Σ
(
z
/
(
1
-
z
)
,
α
,
0
)
≡
S
Σ
(
α
), the class of all strong bistarlike functions of order α introduced by Brannan and Taha [2].Definition 3.
A functionf
(
z
) given by (1) is said to be in the class S
Σ
∗
(
h
,
β
,
λ
), if the following conditions are satisfied:(12)
f
∈
Σ
,
R
z
f
∗
h
′
z
+
λ
z
2
f
∗
h
′
′
z
f
∗
h
z
>
β
0
≤
β
<
1
,
λ
≥
0
,
z
∈
Δ
,
R
w
f
∗
h
-
1
′
w
+
λ
w
2
f
∗
h
-
1
′
′
w
f
∗
h
-
1
w
>
β
,
0
≤
β
<
1
,
λ
≥
0
,
w
∈
Δ
,where h
(
z
) and (
f
∗
h
)
-
1
(
w
) are defined, respectively, as in (2) and (10).
Clearly,S
Σ
(
z
/
(
1
-
z
)
,
β
,
0
)
≡
S
Σ
∗
(
β
), the class of all strong bistarlike functions of order β introduced by Brannan and Taha [2].Theorem 4.
Letf
(
z
) given by (1) be in the class S
Σ
(
h
,
α
,
λ
), 0
<
α
≤
1 and λ
≥
0. Then(13)
a
2
≤
2
α
h
2
α
+
1
4
λ
+
1
+
4
λ
2
α
-
1
,
a
3
≤
4
α
2
h
3
1
+
2
λ
2
+
α
h
3
1
+
3
λ
.Further, for the choice of h
(
z
)
=
z
/
1
-
z
2
=
z
+
∑
n
=
2
∞
n
z
n, one gets(14)
a
2
≤
α
α
+
1
4
λ
+
1
+
4
λ
2
α
-
1
,
a
3
≤
4
α
2
3
1
+
2
λ
2
+
α
3
1
+
3
λ
.Proof.
It follows from (9) that(15)
z
f
∗
h
′
z
+
λ
z
2
f
∗
h
′
′
z
f
∗
h
z
=
p
z
α
,
w
f
∗
h
-
1
′
w
+
λ
w
2
f
∗
h
-
1
′
′
w
f
∗
h
-
1
w
=
q
w
α
,where p
(
z
) and q
(
w
) satisfy the following inequalities:(16)
R
e
p
z
>
0
z
∈
Δ
,
R
e
q
w
>
0
w
∈
Δ
.Furthermore, the functions p
(
z
) and q
(
w
) have the forms(17)
p
z
=
1
+
p
1
z
+
p
2
z
2
+
p
3
z
3
+
⋯
,
(18)
q
w
=
1
+
q
1
w
+
q
2
w
2
+
q
3
w
3
+
⋯
.Now, equating the coefficients in (15), we get(19)
1
+
2
λ
a
2
h
2
=
α
p
1
(20)
2
1
+
3
λ
a
3
h
3
=
p
2
α
+
α
α
-
1
2
p
1
2
+
α
2
p
1
2
1
+
2
λ
(21)
-
1
+
2
λ
a
2
h
2
=
α
q
1
,
(22)
2
1
+
3
λ
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
-
a
3
h
3
=
q
2
α
+
α
α
-
1
2
q
1
2
+
α
2
q
1
2
1
+
2
λ
.From (19) and (21), we get(23)
p
1
=
-
q
1
,
(24)
2
1
+
2
λ
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
α
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
.Now, from (20), (22), and (24), we obtain(25)
4
1
+
3
λ
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
α
p
2
+
q
2
+
α
α
-
1
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
+
α
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
1
+
2
λ
.Applying Lemma 1 for the coefficients p
2 and q
2, we immediately have(26)
a
2
≤
2
α
h
2
α
+
1
4
λ
+
1
+
4
λ
2
1
-
α
.This gives the bound on a
2.
Next, in order to find the bound on|
a
3
|, by subtracting (20) from (22), we get (27)
4
1
+
3
λ
a
3
h
3
-
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
α
p
2
-
q
2
+
α
α
-
1
2
p
1
2
-
q
1
2
+
α
2
p
1
2
-
q
1
2
1
+
2
λ
.Upon substituting the value of a
2
2 from (24) and observing that p
1
2
=
q
1
2, it follows that (28)
a
3
=
a
2
2
+
α
p
2
-
q
2
4
h
3
1
+
3
λ
=
α
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
2
h
3
1
+
2
λ
2
+
α
p
2
-
q
2
4
h
3
1
+
3
λ
.Applying Lemma 1 once again for the coefficients p
1
,
p
2
,
q
1, and q
2, we get (29)
a
3
≤
4
α
2
h
3
1
+
2
λ
2
+
α
h
3
1
+
3
λ
.This completes the proof.Remark 5.
Whenh
(
z
)
=
z
/
(
1
-
z
) and λ
=
0, in (13), we get the results obtained due to [4].Remark 6.
Whenλ
=
0, α
=
1, and h
2
=
1, we obtain Brannan and Clunie’s [2] conjecture |
a
2
|
≤
2.Theorem 7.
Letf
(
z
) given by (1) be in the class S
Σ
∗
(
h
,
β
,
λ
), 0
≤
β
<
1 and λ
≥
0. Then(30)
a
2
≤
1
h
2
2
1
-
β
1
+
4
λ
,
a
3
≤
1
h
3
4
1
-
β
2
1
+
2
λ
2
+
1
-
β
1
+
3
λ
.
Further, for the choice ofh
(
z
)
=
z
/
1
-
z
2
=
z
+
∑
n
=
2
∞
n
z
n, we get(31)
a
2
≤
1
-
β
1
+
4
λ
,
(32)
a
3
≤
1
3
4
1
-
β
2
1
+
2
λ
2
+
1
-
β
1
+
3
λ
.Proof.
It follows from (12) that there exist p
(
z
) and q
(
w
), such that(33)
z
f
∗
h
′
z
+
λ
z
2
f
∗
h
′
′
z
f
∗
h
z
=
β
+
1
-
β
p
z
,
w
f
∗
h
-
1
′
w
+
λ
w
2
f
∗
h
-
1
′
′
w
f
∗
h
-
1
w
=
β
+
1
-
q
q
wwhere p
(
z
) and q
(
w
) have forms (17) and (18), respectively.
Equating coefficients in (33) we obtain(34)
1
+
2
λ
a
2
h
2
=
p
1
1
-
β
(35)
2
1
+
3
λ
a
3
h
3
=
p
2
1
-
β
+
p
1
2
1
-
β
2
1
+
2
λ
(36)
-
1
+
2
λ
a
2
h
2
=
q
1
1
-
β
,
(37)
2
1
+
3
λ
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
-
a
3
h
3
=
q
2
1
-
β
+
q
1
2
1
-
β
2
1
+
2
λ
.From (34) and (36), we get (38)
p
1
=
-
q
1
,
(39)
2
1
+
2
λ
2
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
1
-
β
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
.Now from (35), (37), and (39), we obtain (40)
4
1
+
3
λ
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
1
-
β
p
2
+
q
2
+
1
-
β
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
1
+
2
λ
.Therefore, we have(41)
a
2
2
=
1
-
β
p
2
+
q
2
2
h
2
2
1
+
4
λ
.Applying Lemma 1, for the coefficients p
2 and q
2, we immediately have(42)
a
2
≤
1
h
2
2
1
-
β
1
+
4
λ
.Next, in order to find the bound on |
a
3
|, by subtracting (35) from (37), we get (43)
4
1
+
3
λ
a
3
h
3
-
a
2
2
h
2
2
=
1
-
β
p
2
-
q
2
a
3
=
1
-
β
2
p
2
-
q
2
4
1
+
3
λ
h
3
+
1
-
β
2
p
1
2
+
q
1
2
2
h
3
1
+
2
λ
2
.Applying Lemma 1 for the coefficients p
1
,
p
2
,
q
1, and q
2, we readily get (44)
a
3
≤
1
h
3
4
1
-
β
2
1
+
2
λ
2
+
1
-
β
1
+
3
λ
.Remark 8.
Whenh
(
z
)
=
z
/
(
1
-
z
) and λ
=
0 in (30), we have the following result due to [4]. The bounds are(45)
a
2
≤
2
1
-
β
,
a
3
≤
1
-
β
+
4
1
-
β
2
.Remark 9.
Whenh
(
z
)
=
z
/
(
1
-
z
) and λ
=
0 in (30), we have the following result due to [4]. The bounds are(46)
a
2
≤
2
1
-
β
,
a
3
≤
1
-
β
+
4
1
-
β
2
.Remark 10.
Whenλ
=
0, β
=
0, and h
2
=
1 we obtain Brannan and Clunie’s [2] conjecture a
2
≤
2.



---

*Source: 6958098-2016-11-22.xml*