# Regional Information Management of Higher Education Based on Network Security and Grey Relational Analysis

Authors: Ling Shen; Guangming Wang; Haiwei Gao
Journal: Security and Communication Networks
 (2022)

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## Abstract

The optimal allocation of higher education resources is related to the growth of the regional economy and the development of innovation ability. Therefore, it is essential to deal with the relationship between quality, scale, efficiency, and fairness in the process of regional educational resource allocation. This study uses a method that combines empirical and normative analysis to classify and integrate regional educational data using the grey relational method and to improve the status quo of regional educational resource distribution. The infrastructure and resource-sharing mode of a regional university information resource grid database is designed in combination with the network security method. Various performance indicators are used to evaluate the quality of resource sharing. The assessment of resources sharing using performance indicators can enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of resource sharing among colleges and universities in the region. The feasibility of the scheme is verified through the educational information integration test, which can effectively promote the regional development of higher education and improve the quality of educational services.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Higher education resources are the basis for colleges and universities to carry out various educational activities and seek progress and constitute the comprehensive resources of colleges and universities. It is difficult for colleges and universities to maintain, let alone develop, without a certain amount of financial input [1]. The 21st century is both an era of openness and cooperation and an era of intense competition. The key themes of this age are cooperation and competition. How to create a scientific and successful regional higher education resource-sharing mechanism is a practical problem worthy of theoretical analysis and practical exploration [2].With the rapid popularization of higher education and the increased competition, regional universities can develop a stable long-term cooperative relationship between universities and between universities and other organizations through the construction of a resource-sharing mechanism [3]. This collaboration model maximizes the strength and core competitiveness of schools by utilizing complimentary benefits and resource sharing. Aside from university towns developed owing to physical proximity, another prominent model of co-construction and sharing with a single university as the active subject is the university alliance [4]. The university alliance is not limited to the spatial location and provides a more convenient and flexible sharing method for universities in different regions. The domestic college leagues in many countries are internationally renowned, the most famous of which is The Ivy League in the United States [5]. In addition, the Group of Eight in Australia, the “Russell Group” in the United Kingdom in Europe, and the “University Alliance in the Ruhr Area” in Germany are also renowned [6]. The purpose of the university alliance is to promote exchanges and cooperation between schools as independent legal entities [7]. Its research primarily focuses on library information resource sharing and distant education information resource sharing in the context of information resource co-construction and sharing activities in colleges and universities. Scholars such as Cho [8] suggested the “Revitalization of University Libraries Project,” which is based on reciprocal cooperation between universities and will rely on the resource-sharing system developed among university libraries to meet information demands that cannot be met by a single library. Recently, information sharing and communication have shifted from online to handheld, especially in colleges and universities where young people gather [9]. At the same time, in the co-construction and sharing of information resources in colleges and universities, while seeking more stable and more convenient website information technology for sharing, it also strengthens the research on information technology that can support handheld clients [10].The regional higher education resource-sharing mechanism mainly refers to a series of necessary measures and various control systems adopted by colleges and universities in a certain region to share higher education resources, ensure the normal teaching activities of colleges and universities in the region, and promote the harmonious. Relationships within a system and relationships between systems are mutually constrained. The regional higher education resource-sharing mechanism is mainly composed of three mechanisms: policy guarantee mechanism, management guarantee mechanism, and technical guarantee mechanism [11].Recently computer networks, especially the Internet have significantly promoted the development of education informatization and resource sharing. Zhu [12] pointed out that the assessment indexes should be established based on some essential principles such as testability and practicability. Jiao, Luo, and Shi [13–15] pointed out that the evaluation indexes of higher education informatization and resource allocation are of great historic and realistic significance. Kong and An [16, 17] examined the evaluation indexes of their own. Simultaneously, evaluation on higher education informatization is a typical multiple attribute problem; the most popular solutions to these decision problems include Tradeoff, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and expect value. Paramanick and Mukopadhadhya [18] created a grey relational analysis-based intuitionistic fuzzy multicriteria grouping method for teacher selection in higher education. To aggregate individual decision makers’ ideas into a group opinion, an intuitive fuzzy weighted averaging operator was used. The selecting method takes into account eight criteria derived from expert viewpoints. The author, in [19], investigated ways in which higher education institutions are seeking to respond to regional needs and manage resource allocation and formulated the policy for national and regional governments seeking to mobilize higher education institutions towards the achievement of regional development goals.The current development of higher education is faced with many “unbalanced” problems. There are numerous imbalances in regional economic and social development, which immediately contribute to the imbalance of education development level depending on economic strength, particularly the imbalance of education between urban and rural areas, due to the influence of history, geography, and other factors. This study adopts the method of combining empirical analysis and normative analysis and classifies, evaluates, and integrates regional education information through the grey relational method. Relevant theoretical insights and suggestions are presented for the future informatization integration of college education resources and the development of informatization in college education.The rest of the study is organized as follows. In Section2, the mechanism of optimal of resources in higher education is illustrated and the evaluation methods are described. In Section 3 different results are presented and test case is provided. The conclusion is presented in Section 4.


## 2. Streaming Live Distribution

### 2.1. The Mechanism of Optimal Allocation of Regional Higher Education Resources

The co-construction and sharing of information resources depend on various factors, and the different effects of each factor will have different degrees of co-construction and sharing [20]. For example, the hardware foundation of information network infrastructure should adopt the mode of co-construction and sharing. For software, it pays more attention to sharing behavior, natural information resources are shared in a conditional exchange mode, and scientific research information resources are produced and shared services by themselves [21]. These facts reflect that the higher the marketization of regional higher education, the greater the space for resource allocation, the higher the scale efficiency, and the higher the overall efficiency of resource allocation [22]. Simultaneously, an effective information sharing platform must be established on an original basis in order to realize cross-system information resource-sharing between regions. Figure 1 shows the mechanism of optimal allocation of regional higher education resources.Figure 1
The mechanism of optimal allocation of regional higher education resources.In terms of technology, the use of performance indicators to assess the quality of regional higher education resource sharing, as well as a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, can help to improve resource-sharing efficiency. Performance indicators can be divided into internal indicators, external indicators, and operational indicators. Internal indicators mainly reflect data from colleges and universities in terms of input and internal sharing [23]. External indicators mainly refer to the evaluation of whether the majors set up by colleges and universities meet and meet the needs of society and whether colleges and universities actively communicate and share higher education resources [24]. Operational indicators refer to the operational efficiency in the process of higher education resource sharing [25]. Using performance indicators to evaluate the quality of resource sharing can enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of resource sharing among colleges and universities in the region and ensure resource sharing.


### 2.2. Regional Information Integration Architecture

Taking the information resources in higher education activities and their co-construction and sharing activities as the research objects can provide a reference for the construction of the whole region’s educational information resources [26, 27]. When formulating a reasonable educational information resource construction policy, it can serve as a guide for decision-making in areas such as co-construction and sharing of high-quality educational information resources, improving educational resource utilization, and establishing regional information core resources. In the traditional centralized control mode, information servers in one or more regions search for grid resource instances of specific university information resources, i.e., the local university resource information database registers local university resource information with the regional university information server, and grid users register local university resource information with the regional university information server [28]. The regional university information server is queried and the result is obtained [29, 30]. In the P2P mode, when considering how to realize the discovery of grid university information resources in the region and how to query specific types of grid university resource instances in the entire grid, in this system, the regional university information resource database is sent to the network.Grid university users provide the university information resource information of the entire grid system. Each distributed site in this system only stores part of the grid university information resource ontology, so the regional grid university information resource database must inherit the existing ontology in each local university information resource database, to form a complete and consistent grid university information resource ontology, shielding the semantic barriers between virtual organizations [31, 32]. Grid users can query the regional grid college information resource library to obtain virtual organization information that can meet the needs of college information resources, requiring the regional grid college information resource library to provide grid college users with information resources that meet the needs of colleges and universities [33]. The regional grid college information resource base is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Regional grid university information repository.It can be seen that the system presented in this study essentially adopts a hierarchical grid university information resource management strategy. The system provides a fully distributed grid university information resource information system and searches and matches the optimal grid university information resource collection for grid tasks within the range of regional grids according to the university information resource requirements of grid tasks.Within the autonomous area, the university information resource management system controls the precise execution of grid tasks within the virtual organization [34–36]. Such a hierarchical information resource management strategy in colleges and universities satisfies the requirements of virtual organization autonomy to the greatest extent. Figure 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the logical functions of the university information resource-sharing model.Figure 3
Schematic diagram of the logic function of the university information.The regional university information resource-sharing system provides users with reliable, concise, safe, and convenient grid university information resource services and realizes the safe and unified management of information, university information resources, and services. The grid system portal module provides a unified user interface for grid applications [37]. The user logs in through the portal system then select the service application, and after the task is executed, the result is fed back to the system. Similarly, the university information resource management module provides the functions of discovering, distributing, scheduling, and updating grid university information resources, collects the status information of each node of the grid system, and makes corresponding processing. Likewise, the grid service management module realizes the unified release and operation of grid services by abstracting services such as data, jobs, and service domain management. The security assurance module ensures the secure sharing and management of university information resources in the regional university information resource grid, as well as providing a security control strategy and security system integration framework for heterogeneous environments and cross-virtual organizations, including grid user authentication and university information resource service authorization.


### 2.3. Evaluation of Educational Information Based on Grey Relational Analysis

The purpose of the grey relational analysis is to quantify the imperfect link between the evaluation factors. It has apparent theoretical analysis advantages for small sample systems with imprecise and partial data. In the regional education information evaluation system, there are first-level and second-level evaluation indicators, and these evaluation indicators have grey characteristics, so it is very realistic and practical to use the grey correlation analysis method in the regional education information evaluation. Grey relational analysis is a method for statistically evaluating the changing process and trend of a system. It is possible to obtain a better correlation model. The diagnostic accuracy rate is substantially higher than that of standard diagnostic procedures. It is based on the theoretical basis of space theory and according to the four axioms of grey relational degree, to obtain the grey relational coefficient and grey relational degree of the systematic comparison sequence and the standard reference sequence:(1)ri=∑j=1Jk+TkHi,jkwi,jk.The purpose of the grey relational analysis is to obtain the important relationship between different factors of the system, to determine which factor has the greatest impact on the expected target and obtain the important characteristics of the system, and then serve our research and practice:(2)Dvn+1=minDvn+Cvi,w,wherevi∈U,w∈V−U.Grey relational analysis, unlike other methods, has a wide range of data limitations, a small amount of calculation, and qualitative and quantitative conclusions that are almost identical. This is the advantage of grey correlation, which is better than mathematical methods and can be well used in decision evaluation:(3)dxi,xj=∑k=1mxik−xjk,dxi,xj=∑k=1mxik−xjkp1/p.Grey relational analysis is based on the system’s grey process, and it quantitatively evaluates the system’s dynamic changes, investigates the data-to-data mapping process, and can better judge and deal with random variables:(4)Sk=argmax∑i=1IkBlog21+rik.The more similar the shapes between the curves, the more consistent the changing trend of the system:(5)xj+1=xj+sjdj.The entropy method is used to objectively assign weights to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis by grey correlation analysis. A new improved correlation model is attempted to improve the correlation of the reaction system:(6)Dv0≤Dv1≤Dv2≤⋯≤Dvn.Fuzzy clustering is an algorithm. When iteratively converges, the cluster center is the best cluster center, determining the correlation model’s standard sequence and making the weight value more objective through information entropy. It is possible to obtain a better correlation model. The diagnostic accuracy rate is substantially higher than that of standard diagnostic procedures.


## 2.1. The Mechanism of Optimal Allocation of Regional Higher Education Resources

The co-construction and sharing of information resources depend on various factors, and the different effects of each factor will have different degrees of co-construction and sharing [20]. For example, the hardware foundation of information network infrastructure should adopt the mode of co-construction and sharing. For software, it pays more attention to sharing behavior, natural information resources are shared in a conditional exchange mode, and scientific research information resources are produced and shared services by themselves [21]. These facts reflect that the higher the marketization of regional higher education, the greater the space for resource allocation, the higher the scale efficiency, and the higher the overall efficiency of resource allocation [22]. Simultaneously, an effective information sharing platform must be established on an original basis in order to realize cross-system information resource-sharing between regions. Figure 1 shows the mechanism of optimal allocation of regional higher education resources.Figure 1
The mechanism of optimal allocation of regional higher education resources.In terms of technology, the use of performance indicators to assess the quality of regional higher education resource sharing, as well as a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, can help to improve resource-sharing efficiency. Performance indicators can be divided into internal indicators, external indicators, and operational indicators. Internal indicators mainly reflect data from colleges and universities in terms of input and internal sharing [23]. External indicators mainly refer to the evaluation of whether the majors set up by colleges and universities meet and meet the needs of society and whether colleges and universities actively communicate and share higher education resources [24]. Operational indicators refer to the operational efficiency in the process of higher education resource sharing [25]. Using performance indicators to evaluate the quality of resource sharing can enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of resource sharing among colleges and universities in the region and ensure resource sharing.


## 2.2. Regional Information Integration Architecture

Taking the information resources in higher education activities and their co-construction and sharing activities as the research objects can provide a reference for the construction of the whole region’s educational information resources [26, 27]. When formulating a reasonable educational information resource construction policy, it can serve as a guide for decision-making in areas such as co-construction and sharing of high-quality educational information resources, improving educational resource utilization, and establishing regional information core resources. In the traditional centralized control mode, information servers in one or more regions search for grid resource instances of specific university information resources, i.e., the local university resource information database registers local university resource information with the regional university information server, and grid users register local university resource information with the regional university information server [28]. The regional university information server is queried and the result is obtained [29, 30]. In the P2P mode, when considering how to realize the discovery of grid university information resources in the region and how to query specific types of grid university resource instances in the entire grid, in this system, the regional university information resource database is sent to the network.Grid university users provide the university information resource information of the entire grid system. Each distributed site in this system only stores part of the grid university information resource ontology, so the regional grid university information resource database must inherit the existing ontology in each local university information resource database, to form a complete and consistent grid university information resource ontology, shielding the semantic barriers between virtual organizations [31, 32]. Grid users can query the regional grid college information resource library to obtain virtual organization information that can meet the needs of college information resources, requiring the regional grid college information resource library to provide grid college users with information resources that meet the needs of colleges and universities [33]. The regional grid college information resource base is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2
Regional grid university information repository.It can be seen that the system presented in this study essentially adopts a hierarchical grid university information resource management strategy. The system provides a fully distributed grid university information resource information system and searches and matches the optimal grid university information resource collection for grid tasks within the range of regional grids according to the university information resource requirements of grid tasks.Within the autonomous area, the university information resource management system controls the precise execution of grid tasks within the virtual organization [34–36]. Such a hierarchical information resource management strategy in colleges and universities satisfies the requirements of virtual organization autonomy to the greatest extent. Figure 3 depicts a schematic diagram of the logical functions of the university information resource-sharing model.Figure 3
Schematic diagram of the logic function of the university information.The regional university information resource-sharing system provides users with reliable, concise, safe, and convenient grid university information resource services and realizes the safe and unified management of information, university information resources, and services. The grid system portal module provides a unified user interface for grid applications [37]. The user logs in through the portal system then select the service application, and after the task is executed, the result is fed back to the system. Similarly, the university information resource management module provides the functions of discovering, distributing, scheduling, and updating grid university information resources, collects the status information of each node of the grid system, and makes corresponding processing. Likewise, the grid service management module realizes the unified release and operation of grid services by abstracting services such as data, jobs, and service domain management. The security assurance module ensures the secure sharing and management of university information resources in the regional university information resource grid, as well as providing a security control strategy and security system integration framework for heterogeneous environments and cross-virtual organizations, including grid user authentication and university information resource service authorization.


## 2.3. Evaluation of Educational Information Based on Grey Relational Analysis

The purpose of the grey relational analysis is to quantify the imperfect link between the evaluation factors. It has apparent theoretical analysis advantages for small sample systems with imprecise and partial data. In the regional education information evaluation system, there are first-level and second-level evaluation indicators, and these evaluation indicators have grey characteristics, so it is very realistic and practical to use the grey correlation analysis method in the regional education information evaluation. Grey relational analysis is a method for statistically evaluating the changing process and trend of a system. It is possible to obtain a better correlation model. The diagnostic accuracy rate is substantially higher than that of standard diagnostic procedures. It is based on the theoretical basis of space theory and according to the four axioms of grey relational degree, to obtain the grey relational coefficient and grey relational degree of the systematic comparison sequence and the standard reference sequence:(1)ri=∑j=1Jk+TkHi,jkwi,jk.The purpose of the grey relational analysis is to obtain the important relationship between different factors of the system, to determine which factor has the greatest impact on the expected target and obtain the important characteristics of the system, and then serve our research and practice:(2)Dvn+1=minDvn+Cvi,w,wherevi∈U,w∈V−U.Grey relational analysis, unlike other methods, has a wide range of data limitations, a small amount of calculation, and qualitative and quantitative conclusions that are almost identical. This is the advantage of grey correlation, which is better than mathematical methods and can be well used in decision evaluation:(3)dxi,xj=∑k=1mxik−xjk,dxi,xj=∑k=1mxik−xjkp1/p.Grey relational analysis is based on the system’s grey process, and it quantitatively evaluates the system’s dynamic changes, investigates the data-to-data mapping process, and can better judge and deal with random variables:(4)Sk=argmax∑i=1IkBlog21+rik.The more similar the shapes between the curves, the more consistent the changing trend of the system:(5)xj+1=xj+sjdj.The entropy method is used to objectively assign weights to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis by grey correlation analysis. A new improved correlation model is attempted to improve the correlation of the reaction system:(6)Dv0≤Dv1≤Dv2≤⋯≤Dvn.Fuzzy clustering is an algorithm. When iteratively converges, the cluster center is the best cluster center, determining the correlation model’s standard sequence and making the weight value more objective through information entropy. It is possible to obtain a better correlation model. The diagnostic accuracy rate is substantially higher than that of standard diagnostic procedures.


## 3. Educational Information Integration Test

The comprehensive efficiency of regional higher education resource allocation is a comprehensive index that comprehensively reflects the input-output efficiency of regional higher education resource allocation. In this section, we used the grey relational method to cluster the efficiency of regional higher education resource allocation and to more clearly reflect the differences in the current regional. In the point-to-point mode, the regional university information resource database is sent to the network when considering how to recognize the discovery of grid university information resources in the region and how to query specific types of grid university resource instances in the entire grid. The resource allocation efficiency change here is represented by the Malmquist index. The Malmquist index is a bilateral index that can be used to compare the production technology of two resources. Table1 shows the regional higher education resource allocation index.Table 1
Regional higher education resource allocation index.
Year/indexTESEMCMFMalmquist2012–20130.9780.8950.9871.0321.0132013–20141.1210.9320.9571.0541.0522014–20150.9691.1351.0141.2141.2122016–20171.0110.8090.9361.1451.0342018–20191.1091.1261.0151.1531.034Therefore, when calculating the Malmquist index of the change of resource allocation efficiency of higher education in each region, this study also measures four aspects of resource allocation including technical efficiency change of resource allocation, scale efficiency change, comprehensive efficiency change, and institutional change. In this study, the technical efficiency index (TE index), scale efficiency index Table1(SE index), comprehensive efficiency index (MC index), institutional innovation index (MF index), and total factor productivity index (Malmquist index) of the allocation of higher education resources in each region are calculated and compared. The TE index is based on the factors which are measurable. The results in Figure 4 show the interval distribution results of regional educational resource allocation efficiency.Figure 4
Interval distribution of regional educational resource allocation efficiency.From the perspective of the current regional higher education resource allocation efficiency differences, the higher the degree of marketization and the more affluent people’s lives, the higher the comprehensive efficiency of higher education resource allocation. These facts reflect that the higher the marketization of regional higher education, the greater the space for resource allocation, the higher the scale efficiency, and the higher the overall efficiency of resource allocation. At present, the scale efficiency of the allocation of higher education resources in most regions is low, which has become a bottleneck factor affecting the overall efficiency of allocation. This also shows that, at this stage, there is a general lack of induced institutional innovation in the field of higher education in various regions.


## 4. Conclusion

The optimal use of higher education resources is associated with regional economic growth and the development of productivity and creativity. Consequently, in the process of allocating regional educational resources, it is vital to consider the relationship between quality, scale, efficiency, and justice. As a next-generation Internet technology, grid can transparently integrate resources distributed by universities in the region and provide university users with a convenient access interface for university information resources, especially for university users’ remote collaboration and university information resource sharing. This study adopted the method of combining empirical analysis and normative analysis to classify and integrate regional education information through the grey relational method. The infrastructure and resource-sharing mode of the regional university information resource grid database is designed in combination with the network security method. Furthermore, the quality of resource sharing is evaluated using various performance indicators to improve the initiative and enthusiasm of resource sharing among colleges and universities. The proposed method can effectively boost regional higher education development and improve educational service quality. Co-creating and sharing higher education information resources is a complicated, long-term, and dynamic process. To deepen the co-construction, more in-depth research is required as times and society change to comprehensively improve the research on the co-construction and sharing of higher education information resources.



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