# Positive Stabilization of Linear Differential Algebraic Equation System

Authors: Muhafzan
Journal: International Journal of Differential Equations
 (2016)

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## Abstract

We study in this paper the existence of a feedback for linear differential algebraic equation system such that the closed-loop system is positive and stable. A necessary and sufficient condition for such existence has been established. This result can be used to detect the existence of a state feedback law that makes the linear differential algebraic equation system in closed loop positive and stable.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

We consider the following linear time invariant differential algebraic equation system:(1)ddtEwt=Fwt+Gut,w0=w0∈Rn,where E,F∈Rn×n and G∈Rn×m are real constant coefficient matrices. In the mathematical control literatures, the variables in (1), namely, wt∈Rn and ut∈Rm, denote state and control, respectively. The model of this kind often arises naturally in broad applications because its form is more general than the representations currently used for design and analysis of control systems, so that it is more suitable to describe physical systems. The differential algebraic models are often used in several areas of application such as biology [1] and electrical circuit [2].As a model, many variables in these systems involve quantities that are intrinsically nonnegative, such as absolute temperatures, concentration of substances in chemical processes, level of liquids in tanks, and number of proteins. These examples belong to the important class of systems which have the property that the state is nonnegative whenever the initial conditions are nonnegative. Hence, the mathematical model describing these systems must take into account this nonnegativity constraint. This leads to the notion of positive differential algebraic equation system [3]. Although positive systems have been actively researched and many results have been reported (see, e.g., [3, 4] and references therein), the literature of positive differential algebraic systems is much more limited. In particular, the fundamental issue of characterizing the stability of positive differential algebraic equation system has only been addressed in [3, 5, 6]. In [3], the stability of positive differential algebraic equation system was investigated by making unnecessary assumptions and general necessary and sufficient conditions were proposed by means of Linear Programming (LP). In [5], the characteristic of feedback of positive LTI continuous singular systems is given only for the case of Index 1. However, the crucial issue of stabilization still remains unexplored to date. The aim of this paper is to present the first attempt to tackle this important problem. Thus, we present in this short paper a novel approach to detect the existence of a state feedback law that makes the linear differential algebraic equation system in closed loop positive and stable. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. Section 2 gives formulation of the problem and some basic material required to develop the proposed approach. The main result is considered in Section 3 and finally some conclusions are given.


## 2. Materials and Problem Formulation

In this section, we present some basic materials which will be needed in the sequel. Shortly, system (1) will be written as a matrix pair E,F. In the case of rank⁡E<n, system (1) is called regular if det⁡λE-F≠0 for some λ∈C, and it is called irregular otherwise. Furthermore, the index of system (1), denoted by ind⁡E,F, is a smallest nonnegative integer q such that rankEq+1=rankEq. If the pair E,F is regular, then there exists a solution of (1) which is given in [6] as follows: (2)xt=exp⁡E^DF^tE^DE^v+∫0texp⁡E^DF^t-τE^DG^uτdτ-I-E^DE^∑i=0q-1E^F^DiF^DG^uit,where E^=λE-F-1E, F^=λE-F-1F, G^=λE-F-1G, v∈im(E^DE^), and superscript D denotes the Drazin inverse of corresponding square matrix. Further details on the Drazin inverse can be found in [7].The differential algebraic equation system (1) with ind⁡E,F=q is called positive if for any admissible initial state w0∈R≥0n and all control ut∈R≥0m such that dj/dtjut∈R≥0m with t≥0; j=1,2,…,q-1, then, wt∈R≥0n. In addition, it is called stable if limt→∞wt=0 for all admissible w0∈R≥0n [6], where R≥0n denote the set of real vectors of n components in which each component is nonnegative.In this paper, the problem to deal with is to find a feedbackut=Hwt for some matrices H∈Rm×n for system (1) such that the resulting closed-loop system(3)ddtEwt=F+GHwt,w0∈Rnis regular, positive, and stable.By referring to [3, 6], let us recall the basic background of this type of equation system.Theorem 1.
IfE^DE^∈R≥0n×n, then system (3) with ut=0 is positive if and only if there exists α≥0 such that (4)E^DF^+αE^DE^∈R≥0n×n.Theorem 2.
If system (3) with ut=0 is positive, then it is stable if and only if there exists β∈R>0n such that E^DF^β∈R<0n.


## 3. Results

In light of Theorems1 and 2 proposed in [3, 6], we have to find a matrix H∈Rm×n such that(a)
(λE-F)-1 exists for some λ∈C,(b)
E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯∈R≥0n×n for some α≥0,(c)
E¯DF¯x∈R<0n, for some x∈R>0n, where (5)F=F+GH,F¯=λE-F-1F,E¯=λE-F-1E.The existence of these matrices H∈Rm×n are given in the subsequent result.Theorem 3.
Consider system (1) with E,F regular. Then, the following statements are equivalent:(1)
There exists a stabilizing matrixH∈Rm×n such that the feedback control ut=Hwt for system (1) makes the closed-loop system positive and stable.(2)
There existsλ∈C, x∈R>0n,andy1,y2,…,yn∈Rm such that
(i)
(λE-F-GH)-1 exists,(ii)
fori,j=1,2,…,n, the two things subsequently hold:(6)E¯DF¯x+E¯DG¯∑i=1nyi∈R<0n,(7)E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯i,jxi+g¯iyi∈R≥0n×n,where (8)F¯=λE-F-GH-1F,G¯=λE-F-GH-1Gand g¯i are the rows of the matrix E¯DG¯.Proof.
It is clear that the closed-loop system is given by(9)ddtEwt=F+GHwt,w0∈Rn,and (λE-F-GH)-1 exists for some λ∈C due to the regularity of E,F. Note that F¯=F¯+G¯H. Now, define (10)H=hii=1n=y1x1y2x2⋯ynxn∈Rm×n.From (7), we have (11)E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯i,jxi+g¯iyi=E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯i,j+g¯iyixi=E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯i,j+g¯ihi=E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯+E¯DG¯H=E¯DF¯+G¯H+αE¯DE¯=E¯DF¯+αE¯DE¯∈R≥0n×nwhich amounts to saying that (7) is equivalent to the positivity of the closed-loop system, that is, condition (b). Furthermore, from (6), we have (12)E¯DF¯x+E¯DG¯∑i=1nyi=E¯DF¯+E¯DG¯∑i=1nyixˇx=E¯DF¯+E¯DG¯Hx=E¯DF¯+G¯Hx=E¯DF¯x,where xˇ=diag⁡1/xi and Hx=∑i=1nyi, which amounts to saying that (6) is equivalent to the stability of the closed-loop system, that is, condition (c).Furthermore, let us discuss an example illustrating Theorem3.Example 4.
Consider the linear differential algebraic equation system in (1) with (13)E=000010001,F=10001000-1,G=020.It is easy to show that the system under consideration is positive but unstable. Our goal is to design a state feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is positive and stable simultaneously. For this goal, an appropriate matrixH=h1h2h3 can be obtained from Theorem 3. By a little calculation, we find, for example, H=0-10, such that (14)E=000010001,F+GH=1000-1000-1, which is clearly a positive and stable system.


## 4. Conclusion

A necessary and sufficient condition for existence of a feedback for linear differential algebraic equation system such that the closed-loop system is positive and stable has been established. This result can be used to detect the existence of a state feedback law that makes the linear differential algebraic equation system in closed loop positive and stable.



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*Source: 6346780-2016-08-03.xml*