# Test of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Building Concrete Structures in Earthquake Area Based on Virtual Reality

Authors: Hui Liu; Xintian Yang; Lijun Dou
Journal: Journal of Sensors
 (2022)

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## Abstract

In order to solve the poor matching ability between concrete structures of traditional architectural space optimization design methods, it leads to the problem of low space optimization ratio, so based on virtual reality technology, the author proposes a new method for optimizing the space of concrete structure buildings. Using virtual reality technology to improve the basic structure of building space, reorganize the form through the design space, and optimize the design of the concrete structure building space function; based on the test model of virtual reality technology, design the matching method of concrete structure, increase the proportion of building space optimization, and adopt linear buckling method, geometric nonlinear method, and double nonlinear analysis method; the ultimate bearing capacity of steel structures of residential buildings in earthquake areas is tested. Experimental results show that for the simple structure building space, the average optimization ratios are 97.17% and 96.71%, respectively; for the complex structure building space, under the proposed optimization design, the average optimization ratio is maintained at 94.34%, and the error between the stress prediction value of the finite element model and the axial stress obtained by testing is less than 6%. Compared with the traditional space optimization design, in the proposed space optimization design method, the proportion of building space optimization is higher; it can be seen that the virtual reality technology has a better matching effect on the concrete structure, and the accuracy of the ultimate bearing capacity value obtained by prediction is high.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

In the current concrete structure construction methods, there are mainly cast-in-place and prefabricated [1], the difference between cast-in-place and fabricated is the former is to complete the entire steps at the construction site, while the latter is mainly prefabricated first, and then transported to the site for hoisting; the specific difference [2] is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1
Construction method of concrete structure.In the existing building system in my country, the cast-in-place system is widely used in engineering; whether it is the previous multilayered structure or the high-rise reinforced concrete structure, the construction of the concrete structure part of the building basically adopts the cast-in-place system. The reason why this system is widely recognized and used is because the cast-in-place system is relatively inexpensive, and the construction personnel are also very experienced, and the technology has matured. However, the cast-in-place structure has some obvious defects in engineering application, for example, there are a series of problems such as high labor intensity of workers, excessive manual operation, long construction period, cumbersome procedures, low production efficiency, and difficulty in guaranteeing project quality [3]. Our country is in a period of accelerating urbanization process, and a large number of houses need to be built every year. With the reduction of the labor force, the rise of labor costs is an inevitable trend; at the same time, the owners have higher and higher requirements for quality and quality, and the advantages of prefabricated houses are then reflected.


## 2. Literature Review

Johnston et al. designed the test of composite CFST short column under the action of axial compressive load, and the test included 26 different shapes [4]. Na and Shen completed the experimental study of the composite CFST members under the action of axial compressive load and applied the superposition principle to deduce the bearing capacity of the members [5]. Aravind and Abdulrehman carried out an experimental study on the axial compressive performance of composite CFST with different stiffening and composition types and studied the influence of the arrangement of stiffeners at the end of the steel tube wall on the axial compressive performance of the composite CFST column [6]. By arranging tie bars in duplex concrete-filled steel tubular columns, the strengthening and restraint effect of tie bars on the axial compression performance of column members is studied [7]. Using the finite element analysis method, the numerical analysis model of the axial compression of the composite concrete filled steel tube was established [8]. Guo and Jiang proposed a reinforced ring-shaped rectangular crosssection CFST beam-column joint after the diaphragm is penetrated; through conducting experimental research, it was found that the arrangement of the stiffener plate on the steel beam can improve the seismic performance of the joint and improve the flexural bearing capacity of the joint [9]. Xue et al. believed that the two-way horizontal load has a great influence on the performance of CFST beam-column space joints; therefore, a quasistatic test is carried out for the square section column-combined section beam joint of the inner diaphragm type, the effect of bidirectional horizontal loads on the failure form, and seismic performance of such joints was studied [10].With the development of technical level and the continuous improvement of people’s aesthetic vision, the architectural space structure of the design tends to be diversified and complicated. On the basis of ensuring the beauty of the architectural space structure, in order to ensure that the space can exert its maximum effect, the author proposes to use virtual reality (VR) technology to test the ultimate bearing capacity of building concrete structures in earthquake areas.


## 3. Research Methods

### 3.1. VR Technology Improves the Basic Structure of Building Space

At present, the building space is divided into multiple levels and regions, and the functions of each floor or region are also different; Table1 details the basic functions of conventional building space [11].Table 1
Basic functional composition of conventional building space.
Space typeRegional functionFeaturesEntrance areaBuilding space entranceAccess control, signage, information desks, entry and waiting areasRest areaStaff rest areaSpread out resting positionsOffice areaWorkspaceMainly on working hardwareEntertainment areaProvide leisure areaPlacement of recreational facilitiesShared spaceCommon use areaHigh flow of people and loud noiseExpand spaceAreas used for tasks other than workOther auxiliary equipment installation and manual activities, etc.Public spaceSpace accessible to all personnelLarge area, large flow of people, more frequent useIndependent spaceFor one person onlyQuiet and smallOtherOther uses—Architectural space morphological features include the following: it integrates the characteristics of openness to the outside world, flexible structure of space with blurred boundaries, and strong sense of modular partition; therefore, according to the above characteristics, the basic structure of the building space is improved by using the similarity principle of VR technology.The similarity principle refers to a set of physical processes; there is a fixed proportional relationship between its parameters, including its geometric similarity. In the process of similarity virtual improvement, the proportional constant of the known physical quantity is called the similarity constant, and its expression is the following formula (1) [12]:
(1)PA=x1x2.In the formula,PA is the similarity constant of the building structure; x1 is the improved characteristic quantity; and x2 is the original characteristic quantity of the building structure. Using the above formula, the improvement of the architectural space morphological characteristics is completed.At the same time, the characteristics of the building environment are investigated, and by understanding the purpose of the building, the overall atmosphere of the building, the humanized characteristics of local details, and the nodes of intelligent technology equipment are clarified [13]. Integrate the above features with architectural morphological features, use VR technology to set the spatial structure and geometric dimensions of the building, and attach the color and pattern corresponding to the architectural purpose on the building structure, and guarantee the original properties of the building space.Assuming that the similarity criterion between the physical quantities obtained through VR technology isπ1,π2,⋯,πn, then according to the functional relationship between the criteria, combined with formula (1), set the improved building space model generation function, through which a new building space structure is automatically generated [14]:
(2)fπ1,π2,⋯,πn=PA×fπ.In the formula,fπ is the calculation function of the building space structure before improvement [15].According to the basic spatial morphological characteristics and environmental characteristics of the building, the spatial structure of the building is improved, and part of the results are improved. Use VR technology to establish an improved basic structure of building space, and split and adjust the inappropriate or mismatched connection positions at any time; according to the above operation, the improvement of the basic structure of the building space is realized.


### 3.2. Optimal Design of Concrete Structure Building Space Function

Improve the concrete building space of the basic structure; it is necessary to optimize the function of the concrete structure building space and then perform structural matching through VR technology [16]; finally, a complete, ready-to-use building space model is generated. According to the architectural space model, reoptimize the design of the use functions of different spaces, give each area new use functions, and cater to the trends and design purposes of the times. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic strategy of spatial function optimization design [17].Figure 2
Basic strategy of functional optimization design.There are two main forms of division of building space: splitting vertically and splitting horizontally [18]. The splitting in the horizontal direction is relatively simple, and more independent space can be obtained only by adding a partition wall and satisfy the requirement to increase the amount of space used. This split will not change the basic structure of the improved building space and can be achieved through nonstructural processing. The splitting of vertical space is suitable for buildings with high height inside the building space; by dividing the vertical direction, the amount of space used and the utilization rate of space are increased. At this time, it is easy to cause the problem that the old and new structures of the vertical split do not match; therefore, the VR technology uses formula (3) to set the split ratio:
(3)k2=k1×c.In the formula,k2 is the size of the virtual model after splitting and adjustment; k1 is the space size of the actual concrete structure building; and c is the scale.The use of formula (3) can realize the splitting of building space. Reorganization according to the split virtual model mainly includes three forms: completely independent reorganization, mutually inclusive reorganization, and fully inclusive reorganization.Complete independence is to completely separate the two split spaces, while mutual accommodation is that one space contains another subspace; full containment is a larger space, and it accommodates spaces with completely inconsistent structural forms. According to the form of space reorganization, optimize the design of the space function of the concrete structure building, and enhance the use function of the building space by establishing a new arrangement order. Combining formulas (2) and (3), the sorted virtual building space size is obtained [19]:
(4)s0=k2×fπ1,π2,⋯,πn−∆s.In the formula,∆s is the spatial reorganization error; s0 is the virtual building space size.When the ratio betweens0 and the actual concrete building space size S is in line with reality, it proves that the optimized space function design is achievable.


### 3.3. VR Technology Design Concrete Structure Matching Method

When the optimized building space function meets the requirements of architectural geometric design, the VR technology is used to design the concrete structure matching method, and the space optimization of the concrete structure building is realized through the interactive integration and matching between concretes. In interactive integration under VR technology, according to the relationship between buildings and exhibitions, buildings and structures, and buildings and equipment, through morphological contrast and streamline composition, the matching between the concrete structures of the building space is realized.The three components of VR technology are temporal componentX, spatial component Y, and attribute component Z. Among them, the temporal component describes the dynamics of the spatial design [20]; when the value of the spatial component is 0, 1, 2, and 3, it corresponds to the point, line, surface, and volume of the real building space and the virtual building model, which fully describes the spatiality of the building; the attribute component corresponds to the architectural attributes of a specific time and space. The virtual model is used to detect the matching degree between concrete models; Equation (5) is the basic algorithm to control the model.
(5)FXA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×xi1−xi22×s0s,FYA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×yi1−yi22×s0s,FZA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×zi1−zi22×s0s.In the formula:FX, FY, and FZ are the matching values of virtual space A1 and actual building space, respectively;xi1, xi2, yi1, yi2, zi1, and zi2 are, respectively, in two spaces, the time, space, and attribute factors of the ith concrete structure; wi is the architectural space matching weight.According to formula (5), the matching degree test result is obtained as the following:
(6)F=FX×A1,A2N,FY×A1,A2N,FZ×A1,A2N.In the formula,F is the matching value; N is the weighting coefficient participating in the matching test.According to the calculation results ofF, it can be judged whether the dimensions of the model components match. When F≥0.97, it means a high degree of fit between model components; when 0.95<F<0.97, it means a regular fit between model components, and the setting parameters of some components need to be adjusted; when F≤0.95, the architectural model design parameters need to be readjusted.


### 3.4. Analysis Method of Ultimate Bearing Capacity

Based on the finite element model of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area, the linear buckling, geometric nonlinearity, and double nonlinearity are studied; evaluate its ultimate bearing capacity. Linear buckling is an eigenvalue solution process, which is usually processed by inverse vector iteration and subspace iteration.The linear buckling method is a general method for testing the ultimate bearing capacity of bearing steel structures [21]. If the structure and material are both linear, the structural failure factor λ is obtained by using the form of the solution eigenvalue, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the building steel structure is obtained; the geometric nonlinear analysis method regards the material as linear, and for the structural beam-column effect and large displacement effect, use incremental and iterative methods to deal with the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure; the structure and data of the geometric and material nonlinear research method have nonlinear properties, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the building steel structure is obtained by means of incremental and iterative measures.
(1)
Linear buckling methodUnder the influence of the critical load, the linear balance equation of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area is as follows (7) [22]:
(7)K0+λKσ∙∆u=0.In the formula,K0 represents the elastic stiffness matrix of the building steel structure; Kσ represents the geometric stiffness matrix under the reference load; ∆u and λ represent the node displacement increment and the load stability factor, respectively. The eigenvalue problem presented by Equation (7) is dealt with by the inverse vector iteration method and the subspace iteration method [23]. Structural critical loads are shown as F=λmin∙F0.
(2)
Geometric nonlinear methodThe geometric nonlinear incremental balance equation of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area is as follows (8) [24]:
(8)K0+λKσ∙∆u=∆F,where ∆F is the external load increment.By the incremental Newton Raphson iteration method, the nonlinear incremental balance equation in Equation (8) is solved.
(3)
Double nonlinear analysis methodConsidering geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, the incremental balance equation is as follows:(9)Kep+λKσ∙∆u=∆F,where Kep is the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix of the structure. Through incremental Newton Raphson iteration and arc length method, the nonlinear incremental equilibrium equation of Equation (9) is solved [25].


## 3.1. VR Technology Improves the Basic Structure of Building Space

At present, the building space is divided into multiple levels and regions, and the functions of each floor or region are also different; Table1 details the basic functions of conventional building space [11].Table 1
Basic functional composition of conventional building space.
Space typeRegional functionFeaturesEntrance areaBuilding space entranceAccess control, signage, information desks, entry and waiting areasRest areaStaff rest areaSpread out resting positionsOffice areaWorkspaceMainly on working hardwareEntertainment areaProvide leisure areaPlacement of recreational facilitiesShared spaceCommon use areaHigh flow of people and loud noiseExpand spaceAreas used for tasks other than workOther auxiliary equipment installation and manual activities, etc.Public spaceSpace accessible to all personnelLarge area, large flow of people, more frequent useIndependent spaceFor one person onlyQuiet and smallOtherOther uses—Architectural space morphological features include the following: it integrates the characteristics of openness to the outside world, flexible structure of space with blurred boundaries, and strong sense of modular partition; therefore, according to the above characteristics, the basic structure of the building space is improved by using the similarity principle of VR technology.The similarity principle refers to a set of physical processes; there is a fixed proportional relationship between its parameters, including its geometric similarity. In the process of similarity virtual improvement, the proportional constant of the known physical quantity is called the similarity constant, and its expression is the following formula (1) [12]:
(1)PA=x1x2.In the formula,PA is the similarity constant of the building structure; x1 is the improved characteristic quantity; and x2 is the original characteristic quantity of the building structure. Using the above formula, the improvement of the architectural space morphological characteristics is completed.At the same time, the characteristics of the building environment are investigated, and by understanding the purpose of the building, the overall atmosphere of the building, the humanized characteristics of local details, and the nodes of intelligent technology equipment are clarified [13]. Integrate the above features with architectural morphological features, use VR technology to set the spatial structure and geometric dimensions of the building, and attach the color and pattern corresponding to the architectural purpose on the building structure, and guarantee the original properties of the building space.Assuming that the similarity criterion between the physical quantities obtained through VR technology isπ1,π2,⋯,πn, then according to the functional relationship between the criteria, combined with formula (1), set the improved building space model generation function, through which a new building space structure is automatically generated [14]:
(2)fπ1,π2,⋯,πn=PA×fπ.In the formula,fπ is the calculation function of the building space structure before improvement [15].According to the basic spatial morphological characteristics and environmental characteristics of the building, the spatial structure of the building is improved, and part of the results are improved. Use VR technology to establish an improved basic structure of building space, and split and adjust the inappropriate or mismatched connection positions at any time; according to the above operation, the improvement of the basic structure of the building space is realized.


## 3.2. Optimal Design of Concrete Structure Building Space Function

Improve the concrete building space of the basic structure; it is necessary to optimize the function of the concrete structure building space and then perform structural matching through VR technology [16]; finally, a complete, ready-to-use building space model is generated. According to the architectural space model, reoptimize the design of the use functions of different spaces, give each area new use functions, and cater to the trends and design purposes of the times. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic strategy of spatial function optimization design [17].Figure 2
Basic strategy of functional optimization design.There are two main forms of division of building space: splitting vertically and splitting horizontally [18]. The splitting in the horizontal direction is relatively simple, and more independent space can be obtained only by adding a partition wall and satisfy the requirement to increase the amount of space used. This split will not change the basic structure of the improved building space and can be achieved through nonstructural processing. The splitting of vertical space is suitable for buildings with high height inside the building space; by dividing the vertical direction, the amount of space used and the utilization rate of space are increased. At this time, it is easy to cause the problem that the old and new structures of the vertical split do not match; therefore, the VR technology uses formula (3) to set the split ratio:
(3)k2=k1×c.In the formula,k2 is the size of the virtual model after splitting and adjustment; k1 is the space size of the actual concrete structure building; and c is the scale.The use of formula (3) can realize the splitting of building space. Reorganization according to the split virtual model mainly includes three forms: completely independent reorganization, mutually inclusive reorganization, and fully inclusive reorganization.Complete independence is to completely separate the two split spaces, while mutual accommodation is that one space contains another subspace; full containment is a larger space, and it accommodates spaces with completely inconsistent structural forms. According to the form of space reorganization, optimize the design of the space function of the concrete structure building, and enhance the use function of the building space by establishing a new arrangement order. Combining formulas (2) and (3), the sorted virtual building space size is obtained [19]:
(4)s0=k2×fπ1,π2,⋯,πn−∆s.In the formula,∆s is the spatial reorganization error; s0 is the virtual building space size.When the ratio betweens0 and the actual concrete building space size S is in line with reality, it proves that the optimized space function design is achievable.


## 3.3. VR Technology Design Concrete Structure Matching Method

When the optimized building space function meets the requirements of architectural geometric design, the VR technology is used to design the concrete structure matching method, and the space optimization of the concrete structure building is realized through the interactive integration and matching between concretes. In interactive integration under VR technology, according to the relationship between buildings and exhibitions, buildings and structures, and buildings and equipment, through morphological contrast and streamline composition, the matching between the concrete structures of the building space is realized.The three components of VR technology are temporal componentX, spatial component Y, and attribute component Z. Among them, the temporal component describes the dynamics of the spatial design [20]; when the value of the spatial component is 0, 1, 2, and 3, it corresponds to the point, line, surface, and volume of the real building space and the virtual building model, which fully describes the spatiality of the building; the attribute component corresponds to the architectural attributes of a specific time and space. The virtual model is used to detect the matching degree between concrete models; Equation (5) is the basic algorithm to control the model.
(5)FXA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×xi1−xi22×s0s,FYA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×yi1−yi22×s0s,FZA1,A2=∑i=1nwi×zi1−zi22×s0s.In the formula:FX, FY, and FZ are the matching values of virtual space A1 and actual building space, respectively;xi1, xi2, yi1, yi2, zi1, and zi2 are, respectively, in two spaces, the time, space, and attribute factors of the ith concrete structure; wi is the architectural space matching weight.According to formula (5), the matching degree test result is obtained as the following:
(6)F=FX×A1,A2N,FY×A1,A2N,FZ×A1,A2N.In the formula,F is the matching value; N is the weighting coefficient participating in the matching test.According to the calculation results ofF, it can be judged whether the dimensions of the model components match. When F≥0.97, it means a high degree of fit between model components; when 0.95<F<0.97, it means a regular fit between model components, and the setting parameters of some components need to be adjusted; when F≤0.95, the architectural model design parameters need to be readjusted.


## 3.4. Analysis Method of Ultimate Bearing Capacity

Based on the finite element model of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area, the linear buckling, geometric nonlinearity, and double nonlinearity are studied; evaluate its ultimate bearing capacity. Linear buckling is an eigenvalue solution process, which is usually processed by inverse vector iteration and subspace iteration.The linear buckling method is a general method for testing the ultimate bearing capacity of bearing steel structures [21]. If the structure and material are both linear, the structural failure factor λ is obtained by using the form of the solution eigenvalue, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the building steel structure is obtained; the geometric nonlinear analysis method regards the material as linear, and for the structural beam-column effect and large displacement effect, use incremental and iterative methods to deal with the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure; the structure and data of the geometric and material nonlinear research method have nonlinear properties, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the building steel structure is obtained by means of incremental and iterative measures.
(1)
Linear buckling methodUnder the influence of the critical load, the linear balance equation of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area is as follows (7) [22]:
(7)K0+λKσ∙∆u=0.In the formula,K0 represents the elastic stiffness matrix of the building steel structure; Kσ represents the geometric stiffness matrix under the reference load; ∆u and λ represent the node displacement increment and the load stability factor, respectively. The eigenvalue problem presented by Equation (7) is dealt with by the inverse vector iteration method and the subspace iteration method [23]. Structural critical loads are shown as F=λmin∙F0.
(2)
Geometric nonlinear methodThe geometric nonlinear incremental balance equation of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area is as follows (8) [24]:
(8)K0+λKσ∙∆u=∆F,where ∆F is the external load increment.By the incremental Newton Raphson iteration method, the nonlinear incremental balance equation in Equation (8) is solved.
(3)
Double nonlinear analysis methodConsidering geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, the incremental balance equation is as follows:(9)Kep+λKσ∙∆u=∆F,where Kep is the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix of the structure. Through incremental Newton Raphson iteration and arc length method, the nonlinear incremental equilibrium equation of Equation (9) is solved [25].


## 4. Analysis of Results

The architectural space optimization design method was proposed and compared with the traditional architectural space optimization design method, analysis of different building technologies, and optimization effect of concrete structure building space.Two buildings are randomly selected as experimental test objects, among which object A is a simple structure building space, and object B is a complex structure building space. The concrete structure parameters of the known buildings are shown in Table2. On the premise of changing the parameters of the concrete structure by using two methods, complete the structural optimization of the building space.Table 2
Concrete structure parameters.
Concrete structural systemSpatial scale variabilitySpace expansion flexibilityFacade retrofit flexibilityFrameworkGood variability of bayand depthRemoval of interior walls or partial columnsFlexibleShear wall structurePoor bay and depth variabilityDifficult to carry out space expansion renovationFacade windows are restrictedFrame shear structureGood variability of bayand depthRemoval of nonload bearing walls or columnsFlexibleAccording to the parameters in Table2, two optimization design methods are used, respectively; space optimization was performed on 2 groups of experimental test objects. The optimal design method proposed this time was used as the experimental group, and the traditional spatial optimal design method was used as the control group. Figure 3 is the optimal design test result of the simple structure building A.Figure 3
Test results of space optimization design of simple structure buildings.It can be seen from Figure3 that the two optimal design methods, for the simple structure building space, and the average optimization ratios are 97.17% and 96.71%, respectively, both of which have high optimization ratios. The different members of the steel structure of residential buildings in the experimental earthquake area were converted into beam elements for discrete finite element analysis, with a total of 127 nodes and 246 elements. The accuracy of the finite element model of the steel structure of the residential building is related to the error of the model structure, the error of the model order, and the error of the model parameters. If model parameter error is the key contributing factor, it is caused by rough material, geometric parameters and joints, and boundary specification predictions. In the author’s method, in the process of revising the parameters of the finite element model, the material parameters are set accurately, and the joint parts are welded, if it is a rigid connection, during the research process of the finite element model, the lifting guide rails of the deployed steel structure pillars and the fixed equipment at the top of the steel structure are not analyzed. Therefore, the section parameters of the main bearing members of the experimental residential building steel structure are the design variables. In the first second-order natural frequency obtained by vibration detection, the finite element model is adjusted, and the third-order natural frequency of the adjusted finite element model is compared with the third-order natural frequency obtained by the modal experiment; then, the validity of the correction process of the method in this paper is tested. The original frequencies and the adjustment results are listed in Table 3. It can be seen, through the finite element model adjusted by the method in this paper, that the modal parameters of the experimental residential building steel structure are accurately described; it also inverts the parameters outside the objective function, which has strong prediction performance.Table 3
Initial frequency and correction results.
Natural frequencyInitial frequency/HzTarget frequency/HzCorrection frequency/HzFrequency error before correction/%Frequency error after correction/%f10.7950.6140.59727.852.62f21.0050.7490.73747.420.26f31.5991.3271.44610.231.21Using the modified finite element model of the method in this paper, the mechanical performance of the experimental residential building steel structure was analyzed, the hook load is set to 458 kN, and the test axial stress, operational stress, and relative error between the two key members of the steel structure are listed in Table4. By analyzing this table, it can be obtained that the predicted stress value of the finite element model modified by the method in this paper is the axial stress error obtained from the same test is less than 6%, indicating that the method in this paper can accurately describe the real bearing performance of the steel structure of residential buildings in the earthquake area; the predicted ultimate bearing capacity has high accuracy.Table 4
Comparison of tested stress values and predicted stress values.
Axial stressSecond-story platform column numberMiddle and lower column number①②③④①②③④Test value/MPa-11.82-12.86-10.97-8,69-10,44-11.38-10.51-9.91Predicted value/MPa-11.91-12.83-10.23-8.84-10.11-10.83-10.95-8.39Relative error/%-0.0760.192.242.462.754.393.855.98


## 5. Conclusion

Using VR technology to optimize the concrete structure building space, by increasing the fit between the component models, enhance the matching degree between virtual building structures, realize more comprehensive building space optimization, and solve the traditional space optimization design method due to poor building structure matching and the problem that leads to the low optimization ratio. Also proposed based on vibration parameters, as well as dynamic models, is the revised method for predicting and analyzing the ultimate bearing capacity of steel structures of residential buildings in earthquake areas and through the method for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity based on the revision of the dynamic model and accurate prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of building steel structures. However, the spatial optimization design method proposed this time does not consider environmental factors such as geographic location information; in the future research design, this point can be optimized and analyzed.



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*Source: 6049308-2022-07-01.xml*