# Subjet Multiplicities at LHC Energies and the QCD Color Factor

Authors: M. Kaur; Anter P. Kaur
Journal: Advances in High Energy Physics
 (2013)

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## Abstract

Subjet multiplicity distributions of two jets with highest transverse momenta are simulated in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies of 7 TeV and 14 TeV. Jets are defined via the software package FastJet version 3.0.3 which includes the implementation ofkT sequential recombination algorithm with a jet size of R=0.6. Subjets are resolved by rerunning the kT algorithm on the jets and using the resolution cutoff of ycut=10-3. The subjet multiplicity distributions and their average values are measured as a function of the jet momenta and upto rapidities η<2. The results are used to calculate the ratio, r=Mg-1/Mq-1.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

One of the main motivations of studying highly energetic proton-proton (p-p) collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been the discovery of Higgs Boson(s). The aim has recently been achieved with the discovery of a Higgs Boson. However, many more studies are needed to establish its properties. In addition, searches for new particles will continue for many more years.The proton-proton collisions at the LHC are dominated by jet production which constitute a large background to potential signals of new physics. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes well the dynamics of jet production in terms of partons. In QCD, quarks and gluons have different color charges and hence different coupling strengths. The values for the color factors originate directly from the symmetry group SU(3) of QCD, calculated to beCA=3 for the gluon andCF=4/3 for the quark [1].In hadron-hadron collisions, quarks and gluons fragment to produce collimated streams of particles conventionally called “jets.” A jet, characterized by its energy and momentum, is reconstructed according to a clustering prescription called a “jet algorithm” from the four vectors of constituents that may represent tracks, energy deposits in the calorimeter, reconstructed particle candidates, particles in a Monte Carlo (MC) event generator, or partons of a theory calculation. In dijet events, the two jets leading in transverse momentumPTcan be associated with the two partons at leading order (LO) in perturbative QCD. The internal structure of these jets is then expected to depend mainly on the type of the primary parton, that is, either (anti-) quark or gluon, from which they originated. QCD predicts that gluons, because of their larger color factor, fragment more than quarks. Consequently, gluon-initiated jets become broader and exhibit a larger constituent multiplicity than quark jets. The ratio of the constituent multiplicity for gluon jets versus quark jets at LO is asymptotically given by the ratio of their color factor asCA/CF=9/4. Effects of higher orders in the strong coupling constantαS, however, could change this theoretical prediction.In order to study the jet substructure, an experimental observable called subjet multiplicity,M, is found to be very useful. It is defined as the number of subjets that can be resolved within a jet by reclustering the jet constituents with the same clustering algorithm. However, the spatial resolution is chosen to be finer than the one used in the jet reconstruction. In this way an infrared- and collinear-safe measure can be defined that is usable experimentally as well as in perturbative QCD. Various collinear and infrared safe jet algorithms exist [2].Following a sequential recombination procedure, jets are defined bykTalgorithm which starts clustering first the softest objects, trying to undo the effects of parton showering [3–5] and is well suited to explore the jet substructure.kTalgorithm is implemented in the FastJet package [6–8].In the present work, samples used to measure the subjet multiplicity at two center of mass energies (c.m.), 7 TeV and 14 TeV, corresponding to the current and future LHC energies, respectively, are generated from the event generator PYTHIA8 [9]. A sample of 7 million events at each of the two c.m. energies is generated. The dijet events are selected in which the average subjet multiplicity〈M〉is studied as a function of the jet PT  in the range of 100 to 1100 GeV and in the pseudorapidity interval|η|<2, where pseudorapidityη=-lntan(θ/2)withθas the azimuthal angle of the jet.


## 2. Jet Algorithm and the Subjet Multiplicity

ThekTalgorithm [5] clusters all input objectsi,i=1,…n, according to the following iterative steps.(i)
For each pair(i,j)of objects find
(1)dij=min(pTi2,pTj2)ΔRij2R2,
whereR= 0.6 is the jet size iny-ϕspace
(2)ΔRij=(yij)2+(Δϕij)2.(ii)
For each object calculate the beam distance(3)dib=pTi2.(iii)
If the minimumdminof all possibledijanddibisdij, then merge objectsiandjinto a single object by 4-momentum vector addition. If it isdibthen remove objectifrom the list and define it to be a final jet.(iv)
Repeat the above steps until no clustering objects are left.


### 2.1. Subjet Multiplicities

Subjets are resolved within a jet by repeating the application ofkTcluster algorithm described above. The clustering is terminated when alldij,dibare above the quantity dcut=ycutPT2(jet). All remaining objects are called subjets. While the stopping parameter dcutdefines the hard scale of the process, the parameterycutis known as the resolution parameter. The subjet structure depends upon the values chosen for the resolution parameterycut. The mean subjet multiplicity〈M〉is defined as the average number of subjets in a jet at a given value ofycut:
(4)〈M〉=1Njet∑i=1Njet‍M(ycut).By definitionM(ycut)≥1and0≤ycut≤1. The mean subjet multiplicity is measured forycut=10-3and R=0.6, whereycutis the subjet resolution parameter. A study to optimise the value ofycutat 7 TeV was done in an earlier work, documented in [10, 11] and the same used here. This optimum value ofycutmatches with the one used for the definition of subjets in [12]. In addition two subjets within a jet are resolved if they are well separated inη×ϕspace.


## 2.1. Subjet Multiplicities

Subjets are resolved within a jet by repeating the application ofkTcluster algorithm described above. The clustering is terminated when alldij,dibare above the quantity dcut=ycutPT2(jet). All remaining objects are called subjets. While the stopping parameter dcutdefines the hard scale of the process, the parameterycutis known as the resolution parameter. The subjet structure depends upon the values chosen for the resolution parameterycut. The mean subjet multiplicity〈M〉is defined as the average number of subjets in a jet at a given value ofycut:
(4)〈M〉=1Njet∑i=1Njet‍M(ycut).By definitionM(ycut)≥1and0≤ycut≤1. The mean subjet multiplicity is measured forycut=10-3and R=0.6, whereycutis the subjet resolution parameter. A study to optimise the value ofycutat 7 TeV was done in an earlier work, documented in [10, 11] and the same used here. This optimum value ofycutmatches with the one used for the definition of subjets in [12]. In addition two subjets within a jet are resolved if they are well separated inη×ϕspace.


## 3. Determination of Ratior

In the p-p collisions, the final state stable particles are arranged into jets by using a jet algorithm, as described above. These particles are produced in the hadronisation of hard partons. In a mixed sample of quark and gluon initiated particle jets,M is the subjet multiplicity which can be written as a linear combination of subjet multiplicity in gluon jets Mgand quark jets Mq:
(5)M=fMg+(1-f)Mq,
wherefis the fraction of gluon jets and (1-f) is the fraction of quark jets in the mixed sample. The gluon jet fractionfis the number of outgoing gluons that pass the selection cuts divided by the total number of outgoing partons that pass the selection cuts. Considering the above equation for two similar samples of jets ats  (sis the center of mass energy (c.m.))=7TeV and 14 TeV and assuming Mgand Mqto be independent ofs, we get
(6)M7=f7Mg+(1-f7)Mq,M14=f14Mg+(1-f14)Mq.
The solutions are
(7)Mq=f14M7-f7M14f14-f7,Mg=(1-f7)M14-(1-f14)M7f14-f7,
where M14and M7are extracted from the total subjets in mixed samples of quark and gluon initiated jets in the data ats=14 and 7 TeV, respectively, andf14andf7are the gluon jet fractions at the two energies. This method relies on the extraction of quark and gluon fractions from the Monte Carlo information, obtained by tagging the particle jets with partons. This way the knowledge of the two gluon jet fractions is obtained. The subjet multiplicity distributions can be characterized by the mean values 〈M〉such that〈Mg〉-1 and 〈Mq〉-1 gives the average number of subjets in a gluon and quark jet, respectively. The gluon jets are compared to the quark jets by having a ratio:
(8)r=〈Mg〉-1〈Mq〉-1.


## 4. Event Samples and Jet Selection

To study the subjet multiplicity in highPTjets and to calculate the color factor ratio, events are generated using PYTHIA8 with CTEQ6L1 PDFs ats=7 TeV and 14 TeV. At each energy, 1 million events are generated in 4 bins ofp^Tin the pseudorapidity range|η|<2. The bins inp^Tare 50–300, 300–550, 550–800, and 800–1050 GeV. One million events are generated in each pseudorapidity range|η|<1and1≤|η|<2. One million events are also generated separately in each bin of jet pseudorapidity|η|which are 0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–1.5, and 1.5–2.0 for leading jets. Thus in total we have generated 7 million events for each energy for the present study.Quark and gluon jets are unambiguously defined only in the leading order QCD where there are only two jets, that is, two partons in the final state. So a sample of dijet events in hard QCD2→2 scattering events is defined by selecting the two jets leading in PTin each event with the following selection cuts:(i)
PTjet>100 GeV,(ii)
|Δϕ(j1,j2)-π|<1.0(requiring the jets to be back-to-back in the azimuthal plane),(iii)
|η|<2.ForkTalgorithm, mean subjet multiplicity is measured for cone radius, R=0.6 andycut=10-3.


## 5. Discrimination between Quark and Gluons Jets

To determine the ratio of color factor, jet substructure of gluon and quark initiated jets is studied in terms of subjet multiplicities. For the Monte Carlo PYTHIA8 events used here, the quark and gluon jets are identified using parton level information. The direction of each primary parton is determined after its perturbative evolution has terminated. The jet closest to the direction of the primary parton (quark/antiquark or gluon) tagged to be the quark/gluon jet, respectively. The two highestPTjets are identified as quark or gluon initiated jets via the tagging in the spatial coordinates and the kinematical cuts. Thus we implement these cuts by allowing the maximum distance inη×ϕspace asΔR=(Δη)2+(Δϕ)2<0.4. The maximum relative deviation in transverse momentum between the jet and the associated parton with respect to the jet transverse momentum isΔPT/PT(ΔPT/PTis abs (partonPT-jetPT)/jetPT)<3.0. Figure 1 shows the ratio ΔPT/PTfor quark and gluon jets matched, respectively, to partons fors=7 TeV ands=14 TeV. At each energy the matching of particle jets with the partons is found to be good as all the jets have the ratio less than 3.Figure 1
Distribution ofΔPT/PTfor the matched quark and gluon jets withPTjet>100 GeV ats=7 TeV compared tos=14 TeV forkTalgorithm.Figure2 shows the fraction of gluon initiated jets via matching of the two particle jets leading in PTto the hard partons of the LO process as a function of jet PTfor the two different pseudorapidity bins,|η|<1and1≤|η|<2. As expected the fraction of gluon jets decreases with increasing jet PTin both the cases. Also, quark jets make up a dominant fraction of the jets only at high jet transverse momenta.Figure 2
Fraction of gluon initiated jets differentiated via matching of the two particle leading jets to the hard partons of the leading-order process as a function of jetPTfromkTalgorithm ats=7 TeV compared tos=14 TeV in the pseudorapidity bins of|η|<1and1≤|η|<2.


## 6. Systematic Uncertainties

The uncertainties in the subjet multiplicities are of two categories:(i)
statistical uncertainties,(ii)
systematic uncertainties.For the present analysis using Monte Carlo samples, the uncertainties are mainly on account of the statistics which are found to be negligibly small. The systematic uncertainties arise due to the change in gluon fraction due to minimumPTimposed. This is measured as follows.(i) Gluon Jet fraction: The uncertainty in gluon jet fraction introduces a systematic error on the subjet multiplicity. To calculate this, the gluon jet fraction is obtained as a function of minimum jetPT(GeV) by varying minimum jet PTfrom 90 to 110 GeV. This introduces an error of  ±0.02 on gluon fraction ats=7 TeV and±0.01 on gluon fraction ats=14 TeV. If the gluon fraction increases or decreases at both the energies, the change in ratio r is not much effective. But the increase in gluon jet fraction at one energy and decrease at other or vice versa introduces a largest change in ratio r, giving minimum and maximum value of r. The difference of the calculated value r given in Table 5 from the minimum value and maximum value of r gives the systematic uncertainty due to gluon fraction as-0.05+0.08.The same analysis for measuringr, when performed on the data from a detector such as CMS at LHC, would involve the following systematic errors also. In one such measurement with 36pb-1data used for measuring the subjet multiplicity ats=7 TeV energy [10], we estimated the following uncertainties.(ii) Jet-Energy calibration: The maximum systematic uncertainty in Jet-Energy calibration was estimated to be 5% depending upon jetPTand jetη. This introduces an error of about 2% on the subjet multiplicity average value.(iii) Jet-Energy resolution (JER): The uncertainty on the jetPTresolution (JER) was estimated to be less than 10% and this results in less than 0.25% uncertainty in the subjet multiplicity distributions.(iv) Uncertainties due to the different physics models employed for the simulations: The uncertainty due to different physics models implemented in the Monte Carlo generators is estimated to be less than 3%.Compounding these systematic errors (ii)–(iv), the maximum uncertainty in the subjet multiplicity of 3.28 at 7 TeV was estimated to be 0.10. The details can be found in [10]. We use the same percent value of each of the above mentioned systematic uncertainties in subjet multiplicities at the two energies which will be reflected in ratio r. The systematic errors on ratio r are given in Table 6 and added in quadrature to have the total systematic uncertainty in the calculated value of the ratio r.


## 7. Results and Discussions

Figure3 shows jet constituent multiplicity distributions forkTalgorithm ats=7 TeV and ats=14 TeV in the two pseudorapidity bins,|η|<1and1≤|η|<2. It may be observed that the average number of jet constituents is larger at 14 TeV. The subjet PTfractions for the two pseudorapidity regions and for the two energies are shown in Figure 4. InkTalgorithm, the procedure to resolve subjets is dependent on PTof jet and the PTof subjets in a particular jet is distributed in such a way that there is no sudden decrease. Thus as shown in Figure 4, we get monotonically decreasing values for subjet PTfraction.Figure 3
Distributions of the jet constituent multiplicity in particle jets havingPTjet>100 GeV fromkTalgorithm ats=7 TeV compared tos=14 TeV in the pseudorapidity bins of|η|<1and1≤|η|<2.Figure 4
Distributions of the subjetPTfraction in particle jets havingPTjet>100 GeV fromkTalgorithm ats=7 TeV compared tos=14 TeV in the pseudorapidity bins of|η|<1and1≤|η|<2.Figure5 shows the subjet multiplicity distributions for jets matched to gluons in the two pseudorapidity bins and jets matched to quarks in the two pseudorapidity bins|η|<1and for1≤|η|<2. The mean values are given in Table 1. Average number of subjets in gluon jets is found to be larger than in the quark jets indicating a higher degree of collimation in quark jets.Table 1
Average subjet multiplicities for jets matched to gluons and quarks in the|η| bins with PTjet>100 GeV for kT algorithm at s = 7 TeV and s = 14 TeV.
|
η
|
7 TeV
14 TeV
Gluon jets
Quark jets
Gluon jets
Quark jets
〈
M
〉
Stat.
〈
M
〉
Stat.
〈
M
〉
Stat.
〈
M
〉
Stat.
|
η
|
<
1.0
3.39
±0.01
2.27
±0.01
3.44
±0.01
2.27
±0.01
1.0
≤
|
η
|
<
2.0
3.46
±0.01
2.26
±0.01
3.45
±0.01
2.32
±0.01Figure 5
Subjet multiplicity distributions for jets matched to gluons (top) and quarks (bottom), havingPTjet>100 GeV, in the pseudorapidity bins of|η|<1(left) and1≤|η|<2(right) ats=7 TeV ands=14 TeV fromkTalgorithm.Average subjet multiplicity,〈M〉dependence on absolute jet pseudorapidity fors=7 TeV and ats=14 TeV for the wholep^Trange, is shown in Figure 6. Figure 7 shows the subjet multiplicity distributions of jets as a function of the pseudorapidity bins (0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–1.5, and 1.5–2.0) for fourp^Tintervals 50–300, 300–550, 550–800, and 800–1050 GeV. The values are given in Table 2. We observe that from inner to outer rapidities windows, with same rapidity window size, the subjet multiplicity tends to get smaller very slightly.Table 2
Average subjet multiplicities as a function of|η| in different p^T bins, for jets with PTjet> 100 GeV for kT algorithm at s = 7 TeV and s = 14 TeV.
p
^
T (GeV)
|
η
|
7 TeV
14 TeV
〈
M
〉
Stat.
〈
M
〉
Stat.
50–300
|
η
|
<
0.5
2.99
±0.05
3.25
±0.06
0.5
≤
|
η
|
<
1.0
2.90
±0.07
3.06
±0.07
1.0
≤
|
η
|
<
1.5
2.89
±0.09
3.14
±0.08
1.5
≤
|
η
|
<
2.0
2.71
±0.11
3.02
±0.09
300–550
|
η
|
<
0.5
2.11
±0.01
2.21
±0.01
0.5
≤
|
η
|
<
1.0
2.06
±0.01
2.18
±0.01
1.0
≤
|
η
|
<
1.5
2.01
±0.01
2.17
±0.01
1.5
≤
|
η
|
<
2.0
1.95
±0.02
2.10
±0.01
550–800
|
η
|
<
0.5
1.82
±0.01
1.94
±0.01
0.5
≤
|
η
|
<
1.0
1.77
±0.01
1.90
±0.01
1.0
≤
|
η
|
<
1.5
1.70
±0.01
1.86
±0.01
1.5
≤
|
η
|
<
2.0
1.65
±0.04
1.80
±0.01
800–1050
|
η
|
<
0.5
1.68
±0.01
1.81
±0.01
0.5
≤
|
η
|
<
1.0
1.63
±0.01
1.77
±0.01
1.0
≤
|
η
|
<
1.5
1.51
±0.01
1.72
±0.01
1.5
≤
|
η
|
<
2.0
1.49
±0.08
1.64
±0.02Figure 6
Average subjet multiplicity〈M〉as a function of absolute jet pseudorapidity|η|for the whole range inp^Tats=7 TeV ands=14 TeV forkTalgorithm.Figure 7
Average subjet multiplicity〈M〉as a function of absolute jet pseudorapidity|η|in the fourp^Tbins ats=7 TeV ands=14 TeV forkTalgorithm.Figure8 shows the jet PT versus 〈M〉for pseudorapidity|η|<2for quarks, gluons, and matched jets for the two energies under study. The mean values are given in Table 3.Table 3
Average subjet multiplicities as a function ofPTjet (GeV) for mixed jets and jets matched to gluons and quarks, for kT algorithm at s = 7 TeV and s = 14 TeV.
P
T
jet (GeV)
〈
M
〉
Stat.
〈
M
g
〉
Stat.
〈
M
q
〉
Stat.
7 TeV
100–300
2.63
±0.01
3.06
±0.01
2.05
±0.01
300–500
2.03
±0.01
2.45
±0.01
1.72
±0.01
500–700
1.82
±0.01
2.25
±0.01
1.58
±0.01
700–900
1.71
±0.01
2.17
±0.01
1.53
±0.01
900–1100
1.64
±0.01
2.11
±0.01
1.49
±0.01
14 TeV
100–300
2.76
±0.01
3.07
±0.01
2.13
±0.01
300–500
2.11
±0.01
2.43
±0.01
1.70
±0.01
500–700
1.93
±0.01
2.28
±0.01
1.60
±0.01
700–900
1.82
±0.01
2.17
±0.01
1.56
±0.01
900–1100
1.75
±0.01
2.11
±0.01
1.52
±0.01Figure 8
Average subjet multiplicity〈M〉as a function of jet PTin the pseudorapidity range of|η|<2ats=7 TeV ands=14 TeV forkT  algorithm.The selected dijet sample consists of mixture of gluon and quark initiated jets as in the LO hard QCD2→2 processes. Following the recipe from Section 3, we use (7) to separate these two types and obtain the average subjet multiplicities〈M〉for gluon jets and quark jets in the five bins of jetPT. The results are given in Table 5 (the weighted meanM¯and the uncertainties are calculated by usingM¯=(∑‍Mi/errori2)/(∑‍1/errori2) and errorM-2=1/(∑‍1/errori2)). These values are then used to calculate the ratio r from (8) as given in Table 5.


## 8. Summary

The subjet multiplicities in proton-proton collisions ats=7 TeV and ats=14 TeV are estimated in 14 million proton-proton collisions by selecting dijet samples simulated using PYTHIA8.The jets and subjets have been resolved with thekTjet algorithm for a jet size of R=0.6 and a subjet resolution cutoffycut=10-3. The subjet multiplicity distribution and its average〈M〉have been determined in the jet PTrange of 100–1100 GeV for jet pseudorapidity|η|<2. In the whole pseudorapidity range|η|<2, the average subjet multiplicity〈M〉for particle jets is found to decrease from 2.63±0.01  (stat.) down to 1.64±0.01  (stat.) for 7 TeV and from 2.76±0.01  (stat.) down to 1.75±0.01  (stat.) at 14 TeV with increasing jet PT. The average subjet multiplicity for jets matched to gluons, 〈Mg〉, is also found to decrease from 3.06±0.01  (stat.) down to 2.11±0.01  (stat.) for 7 TeV and from 3.07±0.01  (stat.) down to 2.11±0.01  (stat.) at 14 TeV with increase in jet PTfrom 100 GeV to 1100 GeV. The average subjet multiplicity for jets matched to quarks,〈Mq〉, is also found to decrease from 2.05±0.01  (stat.) down to 1.49±0.01 (stat.) for 7 TeV and from 2.13±0.01  (stat.) down to 1.52±0.01  (stat.) at 14 TeV with increase in jet PT.This is a clear indication of a higher degree of collimation with rising jetPT. In Table 2, we can observe that from inner to outer rapidities the subjet multiplicity tends to get slightly smaller as well. Evidently, a direct conclusion on the gluon-quark fraction cannot be drawn since the subjet multiplicity not only depends on this fraction but also on details of the Multiple Parton Interactions (MPI), parton shower, and hadronization models. Exploiting data at two different center-of-mass energies, the model dependence can be potentially eliminated. This technique was applied for data at two center-of-mass energies at Tevatron, as described in [12] to measure the ratio r. This method has been exploited for present and future LHC energies to predict the value of ratio r. The values of average subjet multiplicities in quark and gluon jets in different jet PTbins are calculated from (7) using the values given in Tables 3 and 4 and the ratio from (8). The results are given in Table 5. The mean value of ratio r is calculated by using maximum likelihood estimator of the subjet distributions as r=2.30±0.03  (stat.). The total systematic uncertainty from different sources comes out to be-0.27+0.28, given in Table 6. So the extracted value of ratio of subjet multiplicities of gluon jets and quark jets is r=2.30±0.03  (stat.)-0.27+0.28(sys.). This value converges to the ratio of the color factors,CA/CF=9/4. In [17], it is shown that the ratio of the multiplicities from quark and gluon jets should converge to the color factor ratio. The extracted value is in good agreement with the value predicted from the symmetry group SU(3) of QCD and also with the values measured at previous experiments listed in Table 7.Table 4
Fraction of gluon and quark jets in phase space|η|<2 in different PTjet (GeV) bins for kT algorithm.
P
T
jet (GeV)
7 TeV
14 TeV
Gluon Jets
Quark Jets
Gluon Jets
Quark Jets
f
Stat.
1
-
f
Stat.
f
Stat.
1
-
f
Stat.
100–300
0.57
±0.01
0.43
±0.01
0.68
±0.01
0.32
±0.01
300–500
0.44
±0.01
0.56
±0.01
0.56
±0.01
0.44
±0.01
500–700
0.33
±0.01
0.67
±0.01
0.48
±0.01
0.52
±0.01
700–900
0.27
±0.01
0.73
±0.01
0.42
±0.01
0.58
±0.01
900–1100
0.22
±0.01
0.78
±0.01
0.37
±0.01
0.63
±0.01Table 5
Average subjet multiplicities (calculated using (7)) and ratio of subjet multiplicities (from (8)) in the phase space |η|<2 in different PTjet (GeV) bins for kT algorithm.
P
T
jet (GeV)
Gluon jets
Quark jets
r = 〈Mg〉-1/〈Mq〉-1
Stat.
〈
M
g
〉
Stat.
〈
M
q
〉
Stat.
100–300
3.17
±0.18
1.90
±0.17
2.42
±0.25
300–500
2.39
±0.06
1.75
±0.05
1.87
±0.07
500–700
2.33
±0.04
1.56
±0.03
2.36
±0.06
700–900
2.25
±0.04
1.52
±0.03
2.42
±0.06
900–1100
2.19
±0.04
1.49
±0.02
2.43
±0.06Table 6
Systematic uncertainties on ratio of subjet multiplicities from different sources.
Source
δr
Gluon jet fraction
(+0.08)(−0.05)
Jet-energy calibration
±0.15
Jet-energy resolution
±0.02
Different physical model
±0.22
Total
(+0.28)(−0.27)Table 7
Color factor ratio for different experiments.
Experiment
RatioCA/CF
Stat.
Sys.
Dø (2 jet events) [12]
1.91
±0.04
±0.21
DELPHI (3 jet events) [13]
1.74
±0.03
±0.10
OPAL (4 jet events) [14]
2.11
±0.16
±0.28
DELPHI (4 jet events) [15]
2.12
±0.35
±0.11
ALEPH (4 jet events) [16]
2.20
±0.09
±0.13



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*Source: 585809-2013-12-08.xml*