# Preparation of Modified Carbon Nanotube Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Film and Its Application in Packaging Design

Authors: Feng Yuan; Sen Li
Journal: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Sustainable design does not emphasize the safety of the ecosystem, but builds a systematic innovation process, taking into account customer needs, environmental benefits, social benefits, and corporate development. This article is based on the preparation of a modified carbon nanotube polyvinylidene fluoride composite film to analyze its application value in packaging design, aiming at analyzing the performance of the modified carbon nanotube and the polyvinylidene fluoride composite film during the preparation process, and applying its various characteristics to the process of packaging design optimization concept. The article is mainly divided into two parts: preparing modified carbon nanotubes and preparing polyvinylidene fluoride composite films. Among them, the photomechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, the relationship between the composition of the composite material and the dielectric properties, the dielectric response and relaxation behavior, the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane, and the membrane separation technology were discussed, and the carbon nanotubes were constructed. Incorporating carbon nanotubes into carbon fiber hybrid materials, and combining carbon nanotubes with polymer materials, works extremely well. The structure model is prepared, the molecular pore size, hydrophilicity, etc. are recorded, and surface modification, chemical modification, blending modification, and other methods are applied to analyze and evaluate the data. The experimental results show that in the application of modified carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride composite films and packaging design, the interactive function of toughening modification increases 2.44 points; through enhancement modification, packaging design reduction increases by 2.5 points; and through the compatibilization modification, the functionality of the packaging design has increased by 1.88 points.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Packaging can be intelligently organized and changed according to the size and shape of the product during use, making it easier to serve product sales and user use [1]. When packaging, the internal compaction of the product should be protected to achieve effective protection, so that the product is moisture-proof, antidry, anti-mildewy, antirustic, anticollisional, etc. [2].As a composite product, it has been widely used in modern industry. Membrane separation technology has played an important role in the development of the industry, so it is very important to strengthen research and development and solve existing problems [3]. Membrane separation technology is an emerging technology that takes separation membrane as the core to separate, concentrate, and purify substances. Polymer materials have also been widely used in the current industry, which also provides a huge growth potential for the discovery, research, and application of a wide range of organic polymer separation membranes in the chemical industry [4]. With the advancement of modern science and technology, the demand for polymer materials is becoming stronger and stronger. Polyvinylidene fluoride has excellent chemical properties, excellent thermal stability, and mechanical strength [5]. Polyvinylidene fluoride can dissolve well in some polar oils. The use of polyvinylidene fluoride to improve its hydrophilicity has become a benchmark. By modifying the membrane to increase its impurities, such as forming hydrophilic groups on the membrane surface or pores by graft copolymerization, covering the surface, incorporating the membrane, etc., the hydrophilicity of the separator can be improved. Increase the anti-pollution performance of the board [6]. Based on the preparation of modified carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride composite films, this article analyzes its application value in packaging design and aims at analyzing the performance of modified carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride composite films in the preparation process with a view to making certain contributions in packaging design.At present, research studies on carbon nanotubes and polyvinylidene fluoride composite films are in full swing. Among them, the results of the study by Arjmand M proved that graphene nanoribbons have a huge synergistic effect on the broadband dielectric properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/graphene nanoribbons/polyvinylidene fluoride (MWCNT/GNR/PVDF) nanocomposites. Melt mixing technology is used to prepare nanocomposites with the total content of various nanofillers and the weight ratio of MWCNT/GNR. The combination of rheology and AC conductivity measurement of nanocomposites found that compared with GNR, multiwalled carbon nanotubes have a higher ability to participate in the penetration network [7]. Kiselev D A synthesized a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer film sample containing 2% carbon nanotubes. The temperature of the ferroelectric phase transition and the dielectric constant value at a frequency of 1 MHz are determined. A scanning probe microscope was used to observe the surface; the value of the effective piezoelectric coefficient was obtained. The results show that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into the polymer matrix can increase the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient of the polymer [8]. Ding research shows that there is a strong dipole interaction between the functional group and the CH2 or CF2 group of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which on the one hand enhances the electroactive γ phase of the PVDF/BaTiO3 nanocomposite; on the other hand, the dispersion of BaTiO3 in the PVDF matrix is enhanced. Compared with the untreated nanocomposite, the PVDF/plasma-treated BaTiO3 nanocomposite has a smaller spherulite size and better hydrophilicity [9]. Lin uses two parallel ground paths to increase the operating frequency of the commercial QFN to 50 GHz. Due to its rectangular cross section, the ribbon bond has a better shape than the corresponding round wire bond with the same DC resistance; therefore, it is more effective in impedance matching and can carry more current at high frequencies. The ribbon key is used to gradually improve the frequency performance [10]. LED system-in-package (SiP) aims at reducing the manufacturing and material costs of LED lighting products by integrating components into a single package based on semiconductor technology. Dbec M introduced the decomposition analysis method of the multidisciplinary coupling structure of industrial-scale LEDSiP design problems. The rows and columns of the DSM are then reordered using partitioning and sorting algorithms to provide insight into the coupling structure [11]. Kumari M introduced a very low duty cycle (LDC) generating digital circuit for very-high-frequency (VHF) radio telemetry applications. This is done in order to reduce the package size of active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. This design is built on silicon chips to prove the manufacturability of these LDC tags in micropackages in high-volume manufacturing environments. Here, CMOS technology is used to generate a 132-MHz radio frequency signal with a duty cycle of 0.0078 or lower to save power consumption [12]. Packaging design plays an important role in attracting consumer attention and generating expectations in consumers that affect product perception and decision-making. Tirpude R conducted research to evaluate the latest trends in the packaging of hand looms and other parameters, such as shape, size, structure, graphics, colors, materials, and ergonomics. It also focused on product visibility and the development of new packages of sustainability [13]. These studies have applied different methods from different angles to conduct more detailed studies. It can be seen that their studies have high reference value, but the selection of research methods is too singular, and they combine the two. There are relatively few studies on the data, and more demonstrations are needed for the data.This study introduces the strengthening effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite film and analyzes the mechanical and electrical properties through the microstructure to explain the enhancement mechanism of the matrix phase in the composite film; the layer-by-layer self-assembly method is used to prepare the modified carbon nanotube composite nanofiltration membrane, and the influence of different modified carbon nanotube contents on the performance of the composite membrane was investigated. The results show that the addition of carbon nanotubes can effectively increase the water flux of the composite membrane; regulate the dielectric properties of the material; and deeply explore the internal relationship between the structure of the composite material and the dielectric properties; study the effect of changes in surface morphology on the hydrophobic effect. The morphology of the carbon nanotube film conforms to the hydrophobic characteristics. By studying the cross-linking mechanism and morphological structure of the film, the structure-activity relationship between the structure of the film and its performance has been clarified; this interaction force can be used to determine the microstructure and characterize morphology of solid surfaces, including the surface roughness and flake orientation structure of the sample.The innovations of this article are as follows: (1) Discussing the photomechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, the composition and dielectric properties of composite materials, dielectric response and relaxation behavior, the hydrophilicity of composite membranes, and membrane separation techniques. (2) Adding carbon nanotubes to the mixture of carbon fibers. In addition, combining carbon nanotubes with polymers can achieve good results. And (3) establishing a structural model, recording molecular pore size, hydrophilicity, etc., and using surface modification, chemical modification, blend modification, and other means to analyze and evaluate the experimental results.


## 2. Modified Carbon Nanotube and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Film

### 2.1. Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon is the skeleton of all minerals on the Earth and one of the main elements known and used by mankind. From ancient times to the present, mankind has continuously developed and used it as black carbon, coal, oil, diamond, carbon fiber, and carbon-containing organic compounds [14]. In recent years, nanotechnology has developed rapidly. Adding carbon nanotubes to polymers to prepare Petri dishes can improve the separation function of Petri dishes. Due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes, the process of preparing composite membranes by making them more effective and dispersing them in polymers has attracted more and more attention. Carbon nanotubes are mainly coaxial hollow seamless tubular structures formed by single-layer or multilayer graphite sheets curled around the center at a certain angle, and their tube walls are mostly composed of hexagonal carbon atom grids. Carbon nanotubes are used as coating materials for membrane reactors due to their excellent electrical properties. The mechanism research of the plate reactor is now mature, and it can combine emotion and variability to improve performance [15]. In order to utilize the best mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, people try to increase the dispersibility and visual density of carbon nanotubes and incorporate them into the polymer matrix to achieve the best stabilization effect. Carbon nanotubes can be classified into three types according to their structural characteristics: armchair nanotubes, zigzag nanotubes, and chiral nanotubes. The visual function between such materials can be improved by strengthening the toughened interlayer. One of the methods is to incorporate carbon nanotubes into the carbon fiber blend material. And the carbon nanotubes and polymer materials are combined, and the effect is excellent [16].Polymer-based inorganic nanocomposites use inorganic nanomaterials as the dispersed phase and organic polymers as the continuous phase. The accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes has also reached full load, and the remaining magnetic nanoparticles cause obvious agglomeration [17]. The composite film has good heat sealability. Many films, such as stretched polypropylene and polyester, have poor heat sealability, but are compounded with polyethylene with excellent heat sealability. The heat sealability can be greatly improved, so the polyethylene film is mostly used as the inner layer of the composite film. During the development of carbon nanotubes, many structural defects will be formed. With a good combination of polymer matrix, the film exhibits good hardness in the approximation process [18]. Carbon nanotubes exhibit unique ballistic behavior at room temperature, and their current transmission capacity is twice that of copper. Within the added amount of carbon nanotubes, as the number of modified carbon nanotubes increases, the hydrophilicity of the sheet becomes better. Due to the screening effect, the scrap rate of the sheet gradually increases. When the carbon nanotubes exceed this size to a certain extent, the hydrophilicity of the sheet will deteriorate. In the absence of an external electric field, due to the presence of applied pressure or tension, the crystal structure of this material changes, and the charge center in the crystal structure changes, resulting in a molecular dipole moment [19]. The more problems with the orientation and migration of its chain components, the more likely the molecular chains are to diffuse into the crystalline regions and compounds in an orderly manner, resulting in a decrease in the crystal level and an increase in the amorphous level in a hybrid system. The crystal structure and mesophase structure with more content in the system will hinder the transfer and conversion of charge, resulting in valence electrons requiring more energy to achieve the conversion of valence groups [20]. The rotation or vibration of the ball mill makes the hard balls strongly impact, grind, and stir the carbon nanotubes, and finally form lattice defects on the surface of the carbon nanotubes to obtain modification.


### 2.2. Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Films

People have achieved the advantages of integrating performance and structure through the development of composite materials, and made up for the shortcomings of a single material [21]. Composite film is a polymer material composed of two or more films of different materials, mainly used for packaging. Therefore, composite film materials have become the darling of the scientific community, especially for the orderly and controllable growth of the film microstructure to achieve the purpose of regulating its performance. Among the organic piezoelectric materials, polyvinylidene fluoride, which has a large piezoelectric constant and good processability, and is cost-efficient, has become an important research object in polymer piezoelectric materials [22]. It has more application value in the fields of microsensor and multistate storage. Due to the good compatibility with microelectronic devices, the application prospect of thin film is broader. In the process of preparing polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, as the content of polyvinylidene fluoride increases, the thermodynamic properties of the polymer solution system become more and more unstable, the gel residence time becomes shorter, and the reverse-phase process speeds up. The performance of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes produced by different preparation processes and combinations of raw materials is also very different. Therefore, it is necessary to set high-quality products and make them have sufficient usability effects. After the precursor reaches the point of cleaning material, it will adsorb chemical substances and react with the active surface, and finally make a recording film. Membrane damage will not only reduce the effectiveness of the skin, but also shorten the functional life of the skin and affect the function of the skin [23]. When the polymer concentration and viscosity are low, the fibers obtained in beads and beads mainly have no bonds between molecular chains or the physical connection itself is not strong enough to withstand external stress and breakage. Due to the surface tension of the water permeating the orifice plate, the increased gas pressure is applied to one side of the plate, and the gas flows into the sample chamber. When the gas pressure is stronger than the pressure generated by the surface of the inlet water tension within an aperture, the discharged water will be gas discharge. Although the tensile strength is lower than that of pure polymer films, the full polarization capability under the same field strength is much higher [24]. There are differences in the number of ink particles in films made with different formulations. Although many technologies have been used to control the dispersion and orientation behavior of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix, so far, traditional polymer-based composite materials have not effectively solved this problem. The inner surface of the skin also has a sponge base and finger-like structures. The fusion of different parts is more mess, and the number of pores in the internal system has also increased to a certain extent. The pores become larger, and the partition of the path becomes blurred [25]. These particles no longer perform further porogenation, and the smoothness of the film first increases and then decreases, as shown in Figure 1. The advantages of each layer of membrane are accumulated through the interaction of the different materials in the composite film. A water vapor barrier is used to prevent the drying of wet goods and wet wipes are used for cooling to protect dry goods such as baked products and powdered products from moisture.Figure 1
Smoothness.Traditional polymer materials have poor thermal conductivity and cannot release the heat generated during the use of electronic devices in a timely manner. Polymer-based inorganic nanocomposites combine high strength, high hardness, high hardness, and high thermal stability of inorganic nanomaterials with the high toughness, and good processability and dielectric properties of polymers through the connection between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase. In addition to general collection materials, there are many special attributes. Data statistics on the solution properties of different polymers are performed, as shown in Table1.Table 1
Properties of polymers at different concentrations.
ConcentrationConductivityViscositySurface tension168.723728.42111.143125.7259.2350923.6308.4458424.9The thermal stability of the polymer matrix is related to the end-use performance of the composite material. The study of the dielectric properties of the polymer body is carried out, and the formula is expressed as(1)α∗w=α+∞+∀α1+r⊗w•πk,αii∗w−1=α⟶∞+∀αi+1+wπx−1.Among them,∀α is the dielectric relaxation strength, α∗ is the dielectric constant, r is the corresponding change, and i is the introduced small molecule material. For liquid materials and their relaxation changes, there are(2)wi=1−1αp∀α2+sinπ2β=1i−1,wt=1αk−1cosβπ2k+1β−α⊗cosαβπ2k+1−β−α,l+k=δ∑i=1i2cosμ−1+ϖδαcosμ.Among them,αp is the position of dielectric relaxation, and the corresponding is wt, δ is the relaxation wave wavelength ratio, the insulation-conductor phase transition occurs inside the composite material, and the formation of the conductive path can be expressed as(3)R∗=1α∗=rδ−1+ir∗=α∗α∗+2+l⊗α∗α∗+2,Ri−1w∗=R∞+∀Ri∗l∗wπαβ−1.As the dielectric frequency of the composite material increases, the dielectric loss caused by the leakage currentR∗ will also increase significantly. The higher the dielectric constant of the dielectric, the larger the capacitance value ∀R of the capacitor.


## 2.1. Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon is the skeleton of all minerals on the Earth and one of the main elements known and used by mankind. From ancient times to the present, mankind has continuously developed and used it as black carbon, coal, oil, diamond, carbon fiber, and carbon-containing organic compounds [14]. In recent years, nanotechnology has developed rapidly. Adding carbon nanotubes to polymers to prepare Petri dishes can improve the separation function of Petri dishes. Due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes, the process of preparing composite membranes by making them more effective and dispersing them in polymers has attracted more and more attention. Carbon nanotubes are mainly coaxial hollow seamless tubular structures formed by single-layer or multilayer graphite sheets curled around the center at a certain angle, and their tube walls are mostly composed of hexagonal carbon atom grids. Carbon nanotubes are used as coating materials for membrane reactors due to their excellent electrical properties. The mechanism research of the plate reactor is now mature, and it can combine emotion and variability to improve performance [15]. In order to utilize the best mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, people try to increase the dispersibility and visual density of carbon nanotubes and incorporate them into the polymer matrix to achieve the best stabilization effect. Carbon nanotubes can be classified into three types according to their structural characteristics: armchair nanotubes, zigzag nanotubes, and chiral nanotubes. The visual function between such materials can be improved by strengthening the toughened interlayer. One of the methods is to incorporate carbon nanotubes into the carbon fiber blend material. And the carbon nanotubes and polymer materials are combined, and the effect is excellent [16].Polymer-based inorganic nanocomposites use inorganic nanomaterials as the dispersed phase and organic polymers as the continuous phase. The accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes has also reached full load, and the remaining magnetic nanoparticles cause obvious agglomeration [17]. The composite film has good heat sealability. Many films, such as stretched polypropylene and polyester, have poor heat sealability, but are compounded with polyethylene with excellent heat sealability. The heat sealability can be greatly improved, so the polyethylene film is mostly used as the inner layer of the composite film. During the development of carbon nanotubes, many structural defects will be formed. With a good combination of polymer matrix, the film exhibits good hardness in the approximation process [18]. Carbon nanotubes exhibit unique ballistic behavior at room temperature, and their current transmission capacity is twice that of copper. Within the added amount of carbon nanotubes, as the number of modified carbon nanotubes increases, the hydrophilicity of the sheet becomes better. Due to the screening effect, the scrap rate of the sheet gradually increases. When the carbon nanotubes exceed this size to a certain extent, the hydrophilicity of the sheet will deteriorate. In the absence of an external electric field, due to the presence of applied pressure or tension, the crystal structure of this material changes, and the charge center in the crystal structure changes, resulting in a molecular dipole moment [19]. The more problems with the orientation and migration of its chain components, the more likely the molecular chains are to diffuse into the crystalline regions and compounds in an orderly manner, resulting in a decrease in the crystal level and an increase in the amorphous level in a hybrid system. The crystal structure and mesophase structure with more content in the system will hinder the transfer and conversion of charge, resulting in valence electrons requiring more energy to achieve the conversion of valence groups [20]. The rotation or vibration of the ball mill makes the hard balls strongly impact, grind, and stir the carbon nanotubes, and finally form lattice defects on the surface of the carbon nanotubes to obtain modification.


## 2.2. Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Films

People have achieved the advantages of integrating performance and structure through the development of composite materials, and made up for the shortcomings of a single material [21]. Composite film is a polymer material composed of two or more films of different materials, mainly used for packaging. Therefore, composite film materials have become the darling of the scientific community, especially for the orderly and controllable growth of the film microstructure to achieve the purpose of regulating its performance. Among the organic piezoelectric materials, polyvinylidene fluoride, which has a large piezoelectric constant and good processability, and is cost-efficient, has become an important research object in polymer piezoelectric materials [22]. It has more application value in the fields of microsensor and multistate storage. Due to the good compatibility with microelectronic devices, the application prospect of thin film is broader. In the process of preparing polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, as the content of polyvinylidene fluoride increases, the thermodynamic properties of the polymer solution system become more and more unstable, the gel residence time becomes shorter, and the reverse-phase process speeds up. The performance of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes produced by different preparation processes and combinations of raw materials is also very different. Therefore, it is necessary to set high-quality products and make them have sufficient usability effects. After the precursor reaches the point of cleaning material, it will adsorb chemical substances and react with the active surface, and finally make a recording film. Membrane damage will not only reduce the effectiveness of the skin, but also shorten the functional life of the skin and affect the function of the skin [23]. When the polymer concentration and viscosity are low, the fibers obtained in beads and beads mainly have no bonds between molecular chains or the physical connection itself is not strong enough to withstand external stress and breakage. Due to the surface tension of the water permeating the orifice plate, the increased gas pressure is applied to one side of the plate, and the gas flows into the sample chamber. When the gas pressure is stronger than the pressure generated by the surface of the inlet water tension within an aperture, the discharged water will be gas discharge. Although the tensile strength is lower than that of pure polymer films, the full polarization capability under the same field strength is much higher [24]. There are differences in the number of ink particles in films made with different formulations. Although many technologies have been used to control the dispersion and orientation behavior of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix, so far, traditional polymer-based composite materials have not effectively solved this problem. The inner surface of the skin also has a sponge base and finger-like structures. The fusion of different parts is more mess, and the number of pores in the internal system has also increased to a certain extent. The pores become larger, and the partition of the path becomes blurred [25]. These particles no longer perform further porogenation, and the smoothness of the film first increases and then decreases, as shown in Figure 1. The advantages of each layer of membrane are accumulated through the interaction of the different materials in the composite film. A water vapor barrier is used to prevent the drying of wet goods and wet wipes are used for cooling to protect dry goods such as baked products and powdered products from moisture.Figure 1
Smoothness.Traditional polymer materials have poor thermal conductivity and cannot release the heat generated during the use of electronic devices in a timely manner. Polymer-based inorganic nanocomposites combine high strength, high hardness, high hardness, and high thermal stability of inorganic nanomaterials with the high toughness, and good processability and dielectric properties of polymers through the connection between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase. In addition to general collection materials, there are many special attributes. Data statistics on the solution properties of different polymers are performed, as shown in Table1.Table 1
Properties of polymers at different concentrations.
ConcentrationConductivityViscositySurface tension168.723728.42111.143125.7259.2350923.6308.4458424.9The thermal stability of the polymer matrix is related to the end-use performance of the composite material. The study of the dielectric properties of the polymer body is carried out, and the formula is expressed as(1)α∗w=α+∞+∀α1+r⊗w•πk,αii∗w−1=α⟶∞+∀αi+1+wπx−1.Among them,∀α is the dielectric relaxation strength, α∗ is the dielectric constant, r is the corresponding change, and i is the introduced small molecule material. For liquid materials and their relaxation changes, there are(2)wi=1−1αp∀α2+sinπ2β=1i−1,wt=1αk−1cosβπ2k+1β−α⊗cosαβπ2k+1−β−α,l+k=δ∑i=1i2cosμ−1+ϖδαcosμ.Among them,αp is the position of dielectric relaxation, and the corresponding is wt, δ is the relaxation wave wavelength ratio, the insulation-conductor phase transition occurs inside the composite material, and the formation of the conductive path can be expressed as(3)R∗=1α∗=rδ−1+ir∗=α∗α∗+2+l⊗α∗α∗+2,Ri−1w∗=R∞+∀Ri∗l∗wπαβ−1.As the dielectric frequency of the composite material increases, the dielectric loss caused by the leakage currentR∗ will also increase significantly. The higher the dielectric constant of the dielectric, the larger the capacitance value ∀R of the capacitor.


## 3. Preparation and Parameter Analysis of Modified Carbon Nanotube Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Film

### 3.1. Preparation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Film

In the traditional sense, film capacitor materials mostly use polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polystyrene, and polyimide, among which polypropylene is used due to its high breakdown strength and good film-forming properties. The crystalline morphology and segment dynamics of the polymer will have an important impact on the dielectric response and relaxation behavior of the system. The different relaxation processes in the material system are analyzed to establish the relationship between its crystalline properties, dielectric relaxation, and dielectric properties in order to get a more in-depth understanding of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase that occurs in the material system under external electric field conditions. Transformation mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the development of PVDF-based composites with high energy storage and high discharge efficiency. Different fields from three aspects are analyzed: surface modification, chemical modification, and blending modification, as shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Related characteristics of the PVDF composite film in different fields.The surface of polyvinylidene fluoride has strong hydrophobicity and low surface energy. Therefore, there are great limitations in the application of nanofiltration membranes. For this reason, researchers have proposed a large number of modification methods. Due to the increase in the number of macromolecules per unit volume, molecular motion is restricted, which slows down the exchange process between the solvent in the casting solution and the solidification bath, slows down the separation rate of the phase inversion process, increases the energy consumption of the solidification process, and delays the phase separation process. As an important characteristic parameter of the membrane, the equilibrium moisture content can indirectly reflect the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the membrane. Generally speaking, the higher the equilibrium moisture content, the better the hydrophilic performance of the membrane. In order to understand the pore size, porosity, concentration, hydrophilicity, and structural morphology, a regression simulation is performed, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Simulation index results such as pore size and porosity.Because in different solvent systems, the speed of phase separation of the casting liquid in the phase separation process is also different, it will also affect the final film structure and porosity. With the increase in the polymer concentration, the skin layer of the polyvinylidene fluoride film will thicken, the porosity and the connectivity between pores will decrease, and the pore size will decrease. The moving unit in the composite film has sufficient time to respond to the external electric field, and as the frequency of the electric field gradually increases, the moving unit in the composite film gradually has no time to respond to the external electric field. The recovery rate of the filter membrane after conversion is calculated, and the result is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Filter recovery rate.Strictly speaking, almost all polymer materials have large or small polarization properties, and the difference is only in the degree of polarization and the different manifestations. As the pore size decreases, it prevents water pressure and increases skin moisture permeability, and increases the moisture content as the porosity increases. The temperature of the polymer solution is lowered and nonfood grade is added to the solution, and the drying points of different liquids are used to produce phase separation to further develop polymer-rich levels and liquids. Its performance is analyzed, as shown in Figure5.Figure 5
Performance analysis.The mechanical properties and anticorrosion properties of organic materials are also limited. It is necessary to select a suitable type of liquid material, fill in the traditional method, or choose a sufficient preparation method. The fiber receiving distance has a dual effect on the fiber diameter. To a certain extent, it will affect the electric field power, which in turn affects the distance and speed of the flight. On the other hand, it affects the flight time of the jet in the air and affects the volatilization and solidification of the jet solvent case. The mechanical properties of materials also determine the ultimate practicality of materials, so the mechanical properties of waterproof and moisture-permeable materials are also essential for performance research. When the polymer concentration is low, the fluorine content is relatively small, and the material does not have strong hydrophobicity, so it has a low static contact angle. The wettability of the material determines the waterproof performance of the material to a large extent.


### 3.2. Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Structure and Preparation Application

Carbon nanotubes are regarded as the final form of the strengthening phase, and relevant experts predict that they will be widely used in composite materials. The mechanical properties of the carbon nanotube film are mainly determined by the structure of the carbon nanotubes, the arrangement of the carbon nanotubes in the film, and the bonding strength between the tubes. The basic preparation structure is shown in Figure6.Figure 6
Fabrication structure of carbon nanotubes.The material structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In the dynamics of molecular dynamics, the choice of parameters is an important part, because the eternal choice has a great influence on the results and accuracy. First, we started a data record on the effect of the array height on the carbon nanotube film mechanics, as shown in Table2.Table 2
Array height and film mechanical parameters.
Array heightGrowth timeFilm strengthFilm modulus1504400212006420332409380232601336017The agglomeration of carbon materials and poor adhesion to the polymer interface are important factors restricting the development of carbon-polymer high-dielectric composite materials. Researchers have performed a lot of work to improve the performance of the carbon nanotube film by the structure and assembly method of carbon nanotubes, and they have also obtained good experimental conclusions. The excellent bonding interface and effective force transmission between carbon nanotubes and resin molecules enable carbon nanotube composites to overcome the problem of weak interlaminar shear force of traditional carbon fiber composites; and for oriented carbon nanotube oriented films, the mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes can be better transformed into macroscopic bodies, which are mainly obtained by drawing spinnable array films. As a typical two-dimensional structure of the carbon nanotube film, various preparation methods have been developed. Ultraviolet exposure is a common process in the processing of micro-/nanostructures, which can be reproducibly prepared on a large area and is compatible with other processing techniques. In addition to using the carbon nanotube film to prepare photolithographs for photolithography, we have also tried to directly wrap the carbon nanotube film on photoresist for UV exposure. From the point of view of spectrum analysis, the frequency of the characteristic absorption band is mainly used to infer the existence of a certain group or bond in the molecule. Some photoresists leave no traces at all, and the surface is still as smooth as before; some photoresists leave the morphology of the carbon nanotube film on the surface. In this case, we think it is the carbon nanotube film pressure printed results. The comparison between the front (1–5) and the back (6–10) of carbon nanotubes under this method is shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Carbon nanotube performance results before and after UV exposure application.The carbon nanotube array is grown on a quartz substrate, and it can be considered that it covers the entire quartz substrate. In the process of carbon nanotube dispersion, carbon nanotubes are usually easily shortened or surface modified, and their own mechanical properties are severely damaged. The agglomeration in the polymer matrix cannot form a continuous structure, and the superiority of a single carbon nanotube cannot be exerted. The agglomeration in the polymer matrix cannot form a continuous structure, and cannot exert the advantages, energy absorption properties, and flexibility of a single carbon nanotube, and the improvement of the ballistic energy absorption of the composite material also has certain limitations.In the initial stage, the moisture absorption rate of the sample is relatively fast, and at the same time, the amount of moisture absorption in a certain period of time is large, resulting in a rapid decrease in the mechanical properties of the material during this period. It is very slow, so the moisture absorption in this period is reduced, and the tensile performance of the sample decreases slowly. The surface tension of the liquid will act on the suspended carbon nanotubes, causing the carbon nanotubes to be disconnected due to the effect of the surface tension of the liquid. The width of the metal lines obtained on the substrate also increases as the effective diameter of the carbon nanotubes increases, as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Surface tension.The higher the crystallization temperature, the crystallization peaks of the two composite materials gradually broadened, indicating that the higher the isothermal crystallization temperature, the longer the crystallization completion time. When the film pulling speed is too fast and the force between the carbon nanotubes is greater than the entanglement force between the carbon nanotubes, the continuity of the carbon nanotube thin layer becomes worse. The van der Waals force between the carbon nanotubes causes the carbon nanotubes to self-aggregate to form a carbon nanotube bundle structure, thereby forming a larger gap between the carbon nanotube bundles. Since the processing performance of the polymer is closely related to the amount of filler added, only when the added amount is low, the polymer's excellent properties such as processability and flexibility can be maintained. Carbon materials are used as fillers for polymer-based high-dielectric composites by many researchers. The data related to the characteristics of commercial carbon nanotubes are shown in Table3.Table 3
Commercialization attribution data.
Carbon nanotubesTube inner diameterTube outer diameterLengthA<91–60.1–2.2B6–1320–400.1–2.2C6–17>550.1–2.2Due to the high specific surface area of nanofiller particles, it is easy to form clusters, which will cause local electric field concentration inside the composite material. Because of the existence of the electric field, it can not only reorganize the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes, but also polarize the water molecules inside the carbon nanotubes. The existing charge accumulation can be used as an active interface to significantly increase the polarization and the dielectric response under the action of an external electric field, thereby significantly increasing the dielectric constant of the composite film. Therefore, how to reduce the dielectric loss and conductivity of the composite film while ensuring the high-dielectric constant of the composite film is very important.


### 3.3. Application of Packaging Design

The performance of the new material depends on the relative content of the blending components, compatibility, the size and shape of the dispersed phase, and other factors. The production of packaging film products will go through certain processing processes, such as extrusion and stretching, and in order to be applied to certain fields, such as precision instrument packaging, modified substances are often added. Compared with the material, the mechanical properties are decreased and the composition is complicated. The universal design of packaging aims at solving the problem of packaging system movement through the design of packaging space, which can be arbitrarily adapted and adjusted correctly according to the product form. By changing your internal space, the packaging integrates more functions and reduces waste of resources; through the changing design of the box structure, any corrections and adjustments can be made. Due to the special properties of nanoparticles, such as nanometer size, specific surface area, and sefficiency of surface particles, they have a good interaction with polymers to generate stable compounds to achieve the effect of chain termination. The elastomer will exist in the form of a dispersed phase. The size and compatibility of the dispersed phase/matrix will affect the toughness of the material. When the blended material is impacted by an external force, the elastomer will act as a stress concentration point. This is because the average length of short glass fibers in the composite material processing process will become shorter with the increase in the amount of addition, while the longer glass fibers have a smaller reduction in the average length of the composite materials. The research on the three aspects of toughening modification, enhancement modification, and compatibilization modification, around the interaction, function, generality, and reduction characteristics of packaging design concepts is carried out, as shown in Figure9.Figure 9
Before and after packaging design application.From the above data comparison, it can be seen that in the application and packaging design of the modified carbon nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride composite film, the interactive function of toughening modification has increased by 2.44 points; through the enhancement and modification, the packaging design is reduced. Packaging design reduction increases by 2.5 points; and through the compatibilization modification, the functionality of the packaging design has increased by 1.88 points. Almost all products in modern society are inseparable from packaging, and almost all packaging entrusts a certain type of symbol, and the symbolic function of the product can also produce value. Antivibration, moisture-proof, and damage-proof are the most important things that packaging should have basic protection function. In order to effectively use the nonmetal parts of the circuit board, researchers use it to fill and modify the polymer, but the filling of nonmetal powder often results in a decrease in the toughness of the composite material. Plastic products are mainly manufactured by injection molding of injection molds. Traditional injection molds have a long production cycle and are expensive. When encountering products with complex appearance, due to the effects of crystallization, cooling, and shrinkage, such products tend to have a rough appearance, poor adhesion, and greater time and processing costs.


## 3.1. Preparation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Film

In the traditional sense, film capacitor materials mostly use polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polystyrene, and polyimide, among which polypropylene is used due to its high breakdown strength and good film-forming properties. The crystalline morphology and segment dynamics of the polymer will have an important impact on the dielectric response and relaxation behavior of the system. The different relaxation processes in the material system are analyzed to establish the relationship between its crystalline properties, dielectric relaxation, and dielectric properties in order to get a more in-depth understanding of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase that occurs in the material system under external electric field conditions. Transformation mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the development of PVDF-based composites with high energy storage and high discharge efficiency. Different fields from three aspects are analyzed: surface modification, chemical modification, and blending modification, as shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Related characteristics of the PVDF composite film in different fields.The surface of polyvinylidene fluoride has strong hydrophobicity and low surface energy. Therefore, there are great limitations in the application of nanofiltration membranes. For this reason, researchers have proposed a large number of modification methods. Due to the increase in the number of macromolecules per unit volume, molecular motion is restricted, which slows down the exchange process between the solvent in the casting solution and the solidification bath, slows down the separation rate of the phase inversion process, increases the energy consumption of the solidification process, and delays the phase separation process. As an important characteristic parameter of the membrane, the equilibrium moisture content can indirectly reflect the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the membrane. Generally speaking, the higher the equilibrium moisture content, the better the hydrophilic performance of the membrane. In order to understand the pore size, porosity, concentration, hydrophilicity, and structural morphology, a regression simulation is performed, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Simulation index results such as pore size and porosity.Because in different solvent systems, the speed of phase separation of the casting liquid in the phase separation process is also different, it will also affect the final film structure and porosity. With the increase in the polymer concentration, the skin layer of the polyvinylidene fluoride film will thicken, the porosity and the connectivity between pores will decrease, and the pore size will decrease. The moving unit in the composite film has sufficient time to respond to the external electric field, and as the frequency of the electric field gradually increases, the moving unit in the composite film gradually has no time to respond to the external electric field. The recovery rate of the filter membrane after conversion is calculated, and the result is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Filter recovery rate.Strictly speaking, almost all polymer materials have large or small polarization properties, and the difference is only in the degree of polarization and the different manifestations. As the pore size decreases, it prevents water pressure and increases skin moisture permeability, and increases the moisture content as the porosity increases. The temperature of the polymer solution is lowered and nonfood grade is added to the solution, and the drying points of different liquids are used to produce phase separation to further develop polymer-rich levels and liquids. Its performance is analyzed, as shown in Figure5.Figure 5
Performance analysis.The mechanical properties and anticorrosion properties of organic materials are also limited. It is necessary to select a suitable type of liquid material, fill in the traditional method, or choose a sufficient preparation method. The fiber receiving distance has a dual effect on the fiber diameter. To a certain extent, it will affect the electric field power, which in turn affects the distance and speed of the flight. On the other hand, it affects the flight time of the jet in the air and affects the volatilization and solidification of the jet solvent case. The mechanical properties of materials also determine the ultimate practicality of materials, so the mechanical properties of waterproof and moisture-permeable materials are also essential for performance research. When the polymer concentration is low, the fluorine content is relatively small, and the material does not have strong hydrophobicity, so it has a low static contact angle. The wettability of the material determines the waterproof performance of the material to a large extent.


## 3.2. Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Structure and Preparation Application

Carbon nanotubes are regarded as the final form of the strengthening phase, and relevant experts predict that they will be widely used in composite materials. The mechanical properties of the carbon nanotube film are mainly determined by the structure of the carbon nanotubes, the arrangement of the carbon nanotubes in the film, and the bonding strength between the tubes. The basic preparation structure is shown in Figure6.Figure 6
Fabrication structure of carbon nanotubes.The material structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In the dynamics of molecular dynamics, the choice of parameters is an important part, because the eternal choice has a great influence on the results and accuracy. First, we started a data record on the effect of the array height on the carbon nanotube film mechanics, as shown in Table2.Table 2
Array height and film mechanical parameters.
Array heightGrowth timeFilm strengthFilm modulus1504400212006420332409380232601336017The agglomeration of carbon materials and poor adhesion to the polymer interface are important factors restricting the development of carbon-polymer high-dielectric composite materials. Researchers have performed a lot of work to improve the performance of the carbon nanotube film by the structure and assembly method of carbon nanotubes, and they have also obtained good experimental conclusions. The excellent bonding interface and effective force transmission between carbon nanotubes and resin molecules enable carbon nanotube composites to overcome the problem of weak interlaminar shear force of traditional carbon fiber composites; and for oriented carbon nanotube oriented films, the mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes can be better transformed into macroscopic bodies, which are mainly obtained by drawing spinnable array films. As a typical two-dimensional structure of the carbon nanotube film, various preparation methods have been developed. Ultraviolet exposure is a common process in the processing of micro-/nanostructures, which can be reproducibly prepared on a large area and is compatible with other processing techniques. In addition to using the carbon nanotube film to prepare photolithographs for photolithography, we have also tried to directly wrap the carbon nanotube film on photoresist for UV exposure. From the point of view of spectrum analysis, the frequency of the characteristic absorption band is mainly used to infer the existence of a certain group or bond in the molecule. Some photoresists leave no traces at all, and the surface is still as smooth as before; some photoresists leave the morphology of the carbon nanotube film on the surface. In this case, we think it is the carbon nanotube film pressure printed results. The comparison between the front (1–5) and the back (6–10) of carbon nanotubes under this method is shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Carbon nanotube performance results before and after UV exposure application.The carbon nanotube array is grown on a quartz substrate, and it can be considered that it covers the entire quartz substrate. In the process of carbon nanotube dispersion, carbon nanotubes are usually easily shortened or surface modified, and their own mechanical properties are severely damaged. The agglomeration in the polymer matrix cannot form a continuous structure, and the superiority of a single carbon nanotube cannot be exerted. The agglomeration in the polymer matrix cannot form a continuous structure, and cannot exert the advantages, energy absorption properties, and flexibility of a single carbon nanotube, and the improvement of the ballistic energy absorption of the composite material also has certain limitations.In the initial stage, the moisture absorption rate of the sample is relatively fast, and at the same time, the amount of moisture absorption in a certain period of time is large, resulting in a rapid decrease in the mechanical properties of the material during this period. It is very slow, so the moisture absorption in this period is reduced, and the tensile performance of the sample decreases slowly. The surface tension of the liquid will act on the suspended carbon nanotubes, causing the carbon nanotubes to be disconnected due to the effect of the surface tension of the liquid. The width of the metal lines obtained on the substrate also increases as the effective diameter of the carbon nanotubes increases, as shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Surface tension.The higher the crystallization temperature, the crystallization peaks of the two composite materials gradually broadened, indicating that the higher the isothermal crystallization temperature, the longer the crystallization completion time. When the film pulling speed is too fast and the force between the carbon nanotubes is greater than the entanglement force between the carbon nanotubes, the continuity of the carbon nanotube thin layer becomes worse. The van der Waals force between the carbon nanotubes causes the carbon nanotubes to self-aggregate to form a carbon nanotube bundle structure, thereby forming a larger gap between the carbon nanotube bundles. Since the processing performance of the polymer is closely related to the amount of filler added, only when the added amount is low, the polymer's excellent properties such as processability and flexibility can be maintained. Carbon materials are used as fillers for polymer-based high-dielectric composites by many researchers. The data related to the characteristics of commercial carbon nanotubes are shown in Table3.Table 3
Commercialization attribution data.
Carbon nanotubesTube inner diameterTube outer diameterLengthA<91–60.1–2.2B6–1320–400.1–2.2C6–17>550.1–2.2Due to the high specific surface area of nanofiller particles, it is easy to form clusters, which will cause local electric field concentration inside the composite material. Because of the existence of the electric field, it can not only reorganize the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes, but also polarize the water molecules inside the carbon nanotubes. The existing charge accumulation can be used as an active interface to significantly increase the polarization and the dielectric response under the action of an external electric field, thereby significantly increasing the dielectric constant of the composite film. Therefore, how to reduce the dielectric loss and conductivity of the composite film while ensuring the high-dielectric constant of the composite film is very important.


## 3.3. Application of Packaging Design

The performance of the new material depends on the relative content of the blending components, compatibility, the size and shape of the dispersed phase, and other factors. The production of packaging film products will go through certain processing processes, such as extrusion and stretching, and in order to be applied to certain fields, such as precision instrument packaging, modified substances are often added. Compared with the material, the mechanical properties are decreased and the composition is complicated. The universal design of packaging aims at solving the problem of packaging system movement through the design of packaging space, which can be arbitrarily adapted and adjusted correctly according to the product form. By changing your internal space, the packaging integrates more functions and reduces waste of resources; through the changing design of the box structure, any corrections and adjustments can be made. Due to the special properties of nanoparticles, such as nanometer size, specific surface area, and sefficiency of surface particles, they have a good interaction with polymers to generate stable compounds to achieve the effect of chain termination. The elastomer will exist in the form of a dispersed phase. The size and compatibility of the dispersed phase/matrix will affect the toughness of the material. When the blended material is impacted by an external force, the elastomer will act as a stress concentration point. This is because the average length of short glass fibers in the composite material processing process will become shorter with the increase in the amount of addition, while the longer glass fibers have a smaller reduction in the average length of the composite materials. The research on the three aspects of toughening modification, enhancement modification, and compatibilization modification, around the interaction, function, generality, and reduction characteristics of packaging design concepts is carried out, as shown in Figure9.Figure 9
Before and after packaging design application.From the above data comparison, it can be seen that in the application and packaging design of the modified carbon nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride composite film, the interactive function of toughening modification has increased by 2.44 points; through the enhancement and modification, the packaging design is reduced. Packaging design reduction increases by 2.5 points; and through the compatibilization modification, the functionality of the packaging design has increased by 1.88 points. Almost all products in modern society are inseparable from packaging, and almost all packaging entrusts a certain type of symbol, and the symbolic function of the product can also produce value. Antivibration, moisture-proof, and damage-proof are the most important things that packaging should have basic protection function. In order to effectively use the nonmetal parts of the circuit board, researchers use it to fill and modify the polymer, but the filling of nonmetal powder often results in a decrease in the toughness of the composite material. Plastic products are mainly manufactured by injection molding of injection molds. Traditional injection molds have a long production cycle and are expensive. When encountering products with complex appearance, due to the effects of crystallization, cooling, and shrinkage, such products tend to have a rough appearance, poor adhesion, and greater time and processing costs.


## 4. Discussion

No matter what kind of traditional test mechanics method is used, it is impossible to achieve the goal, so most of the experimental data must be combined with numerical simulation, and the available data within a certain range can be obtained through simulation. When the carbon nanotube film is subjected to appropriate pressure, it can effectively reduce the pores in the carbon nanotube inside the film, make the overall structure of the material more compact, and improve the mechanical transfer efficiency between the tubes. As the temperature increases, the frequency of migration of water molecules and carbon dioxide at the carbon nanotube port also increases, which can also be proved from the calculated diffusion coefficient, and due to the strong molecular interaction between carbon dioxide and carbon nanotubes, the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide is smaller than that of water molecules in carbon nanotubes. Due to the complex physical and chemical properties of the interface region, it is difficult to directly obtain the microstructure and interaction mechanism of polymer chains and nanoparticles in the interface region. Through proper surface treatment of the surface of the filler particles, the dielectric properties of the composite material have been improved to a certain extent, but there are still defects such as a large filling volume fraction and a limited increase in the dielectric constant.


## 5. Conclusion

Under normal circumstances, these several detection methods are used in common, complementary explanations, so that the analysis of experimental results is more comprehensive. Macroscopic carbon nanotubes have become a hot spot in the development of a new generation of key materials. The excellent performance of carbon nanotubes is incomparable with traditional fibers. It is a relatively new quasi-structural material. People hope that this material can become one of the excellent materials for advanced composite materials. In recent years, researchers have been paying attention to the structure control of carbon nanotubes with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties such as assembly and composite, and the use of the excellent properties of nanomaterials in the assembly. With the continuous development of science and technology, PVDF films with excellent electrical properties are playing an increasingly important role in our production and life. Understanding the influence of external conditions on the crystallization process of polymers has a positive effect on improving the electrical properties of polymers. At present, there are still some problems in the theoretical research of packaging design evaluation, and there are vacancies in the practical research. For example, there is a lack of research on the construction of the evaluation index system for packaging design and systematic thinking on the evaluation methods in this field; there are relatively few studies on the intelligent methods that combine evaluation methods and practices. The way that packaging design conveys emotions can rely on color composition or creative design, and its characteristics such as containment, protection, transport and storage, and usability are actually contained in emotion. The material content in the design includes whether the technology is feasible, whether the material is wasted, whether the structure is reasonable, and whether the function can be fully realized, and these corresponding can be evaluated by a scientific and objective standard. However, due to the limitations of time and technology, the preparation of modified carbon nanotubes has not been further explored in this article, and we will further analyze this in the follow-up.



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*Source: 5735613-2022-09-22.xml*