# Design and Application of Spatial Experience System for Urban Village Reconstruction Based on GIS

Authors: Weiwei Chen
Journal: Scientific Programming
 (2022)

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## Abstract

This paper takes the village in the city as a case study, through the investigation of the basic information of the village in the city, such as housing construction, construction quality, property rights characteristics, and so on. We use GIS technology to evaluate the construction and reconstruction cost of the plot. This paper puts forward different transformation schemes and explores the application of GIS technology in the transformation planning of urban villages. Finally, this paper designs a GIS-based spatial experience system for micro-transformation of urban villages.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

At present, urbanization is an inevitable trend of social and economic development in the world [1–5]. With the strong impetus of reform and opening up and the development of the market economy, China’s urbanization process continues to accelerate. In 1978, China’s urbanization rate was 17.9%. In 2011, it reached 51.27% and exceeded 50%. In 2017, China’s urbanization rate reached 58.52%. From the perspective of urbanization development laws in the world, when the urbanization rate exceeds 50%, it means that urbanization has entered a rapid development stage, which will inevitably lead to profound social changes. What follows is that the urban spatial structure, industrial positioning, urban planning, urban management, and other aspects will face new development. However, in the process of China’s rapid urbanization, a universal and unique phenomenon—village in city has emerged. The village in the city is the product of urbanization under the urban-rural dual system in China and has developed into a typical problem gathering place in the process of the evolution of the urban-rural dual system to the unification. At present, the focus of China’s reform and development is to reform the urban-rural dual system. Among them, dealing with the problem of villages in cities is an important content related to the overall development of China’s urban and rural areas and the formation of a new pattern of urban-rural integration. It is also the key to solving the urban-rural dual system.The essence of urbanization in developing countries is the process of constantly breaking the urban-rural dual structure and gradually realizing urban-rural integration [6, 7]. China’s urban-rural dual system was formed in the planned economy era. It is undeniable that in that special historical period, this economic system played an important role in China’s economic and social development at that time. However, with the development of the times, China has turned from a planned economy to a market economy. The progress of industrialization has accelerated the development of urbanization. The urban-rural dual system, which once played a role in promoting China’s economic and social development, has not only become a stumbling block to the development of urbanization. At the same time, it has also become one of the adverse factors restricting the development of the whole society and has been intensively reflected in the villages in the city. Under China’s urban-rural dual management system, although urban villages have already belonged to cities and towns within the geographical scope, they are still rural systems and rural organizational systems in terms of the management system. Although the villagers in urban villages no longer engage in agricultural production, they cannot enjoy the same social security as urban residents in terms of education, medical treatment, and health care. Nowadays, a series of environmental, social, and economic problems caused by villages in cities have not only become one of the most difficult problems in urban transformation and urban governance in large and medium-sized cities in China, but also become a bottleneck restricting urban development. It can be said that the emergence of urban villages is an inseparable knot in the process of urbanization. Most Chinese cities, large and small, are facing the problem of urban villages. The transformation of urban villages has become a major event that the local government must pay attention to. However, in the actual process of urban village reconstruction, no matter which city or place in China has encountered great challenges, such as insufficient funds for urban village reconstruction and the inability to guarantee the legitimate interests of villagers in the process of reconstruction.The village in the city is the form of urban material space in the process of urbanization in China. It is the product of the imbalance between urban and rural areas and has deep and complex social problems. From big cities to small- and medium-sized cities, there are many urban village problems involving economy, society, environment, and so on, which has become a chronic disease that seriously puzzles the healthy, harmonious, and sustainable development of cities. In order to promote the healthy development of China’s urbanization and improve the quality of urbanization and urban quality, we must take reasonable and effective control measures to transform villages into cities and actively promote the healthy development of urbanization.At present, the phenomenon, existing problems, and formation mechanism of the village in the city have been thoroughly revealed by the academic circles, and the idea of the transformation of the village in the city has gradually become clear, but the implementation effect of the case study and planning scheme of the transformation is not very ideal. The research on urban village reconstruction planning mainly involves two aspects: system reform and material space transformation. In the process of promoting the transformation of urban villages, many places first adopted the reform of the administrative management system, and the research also relatively focused on the contents of registered residence, land, management, grass-roots organizations, and the operation of the village collective economy. On the one hand, the research on the transformation of material space is a theoretical discussion, involving transformation ideas, operation modes, technical schemes, demolition compensation and resettlement, economic analysis, social analysis, system and policy support, etc. On the other hand, it is the empirical study of transformation planning, which is mainly manifested in the planning and design scheme of urban villages. Although the scientificity and operability of the planning scheme are closely related to the complexity of the transformation of urban villages, the lack of in-depth research on the basic situation of urban villages and insufficient application of technical methods in the planning process are also important reasons for the lack of feasibility of the planning scheme. The application of GIS technology [8–13] can establish a detailed basic database. Through the statistical analysis function of GIS, planners, and reconstruction implementers can clearly grasp the difficulty of reconstruction of urban villages, the reasonable sequence of reconstruction, the arrangement of demolition and resettlement, etc. The application of GIS technology will provide a powerful technical guarantee for the reconstruction planning of villages in cities.


## 2. Related Work

### 2.1. Urban Village

Village in the city is a special phenomenon in the process of rapid urbanization under the urban-rural dual system in China. Compared with China, the phenomenon of urban villages in some developed countries is relatively rare. In addition, urban villages appeared relatively late. Therefore, scholars have not conducted much special research on urban villages in China. However, urban problems similar to the characteristics of “village in city” have also appeared in the urbanization process of some developed countries, especially the urban sprawl in the United States after 1950, and the slums in Latin America, Asia, and other developing countries in the process of rapid urbanization and excessive urbanization. Although the formation mechanism of these phenomena in some developed countries is different from that in China, the theoretical basis for the transformation of urban villages in China can be found from the western urbanization theory and the research on urban fringe. The scholar who first proposed and used the concept of urbanization was a serda, who defined the concept of urbanization in the book basic principles of urbanization published in 1867 [14]. In the mid-eighteenth century, the rise of the industrial revolution accelerated the pace of urbanization. With Britain as the representative, under the influence of the industrial revolution, France, Germany, the United States, and other countries have successfully completed the industrial revolution. With the substantial improvement of labor productivity and productivity, the industry of these countries has developed rapidly, while the development of industrialization has also led to the rapid development of Urbanization in these countries, and emerging cities continue to appear.The industrial revolution not only promoted the development of industrialization, but also prompted more and more rural people to gather in cities. With the continuous expansion of urban scale, coupled with the lack of scientific and reasonable urban planning, urban spatial layout was disordered, and social security and residents’ living standards were getting lower and lower. In the mid-nineteenth century, some western industrial cities represented by London, England had different problems one after another. The emergence of this phenomenon has attracted more and more western scholars’ attention to the direction of urban development. During the discussion on the direction of urban development, two completely different views were formed. One was represented by the British scholar Howard, who advocated that the future direction of urban development should be an idyllic city [15]. The other is represented by Le Corbusier, who advocates that the future direction of urban development should be modern cities [16]. Compared with the view of developing modern cities, although the idea of developing garden cities is somewhat idealistic, the idea of urbanization that garden cities focus on pursuing low density in regional space and advocating that life should return to green nature provides a certain theoretical reference for China’s sustainable urban development and effective land use. The modern urban theory put forward by Le Corbusier argues that cities must be concentrated if they want to develop. Only when cities are concentrated can they bring power to urban development. Cities also need to build a large number of high-rise buildings to make the population concentrated in the city, and the traffic, housing, environment, and other problems caused by population concentration can be solved by other technical means. Le Corbusier’s modern urban thoughtfully embodies the concept of intensive land use and advocates that the expansion of urban scale should take the road of connotation development.Scholars began to systematically study the urban internal spatial structure very early. For example, in 1826, von Thunen, a German economist, published the book “the relationship between agriculture and national economy in isolated countries,” in which he put forward the famous agricultural location theory. The theory points out that the level of economic development and its productivity determine the type of agricultural land use and the degree of intensification of agricultural land use, and further points out that the distance between agricultural production land and the agricultural product market has a greater impact on the type of agricultural land use and the degree of intensification of agricultural land use. In 1909, the German economist Weber put forward the famous Weber’s industrial location theory in his book on industrial location. The theory chooses the industrial production activities of the three basic links of production, circulation, and consumption as the research object, scientifically analyzes and accurately calculates the relationship between factors such as transportation and labor agglomeration, and puts forward the principle of minimum cost, that is, for industrial products, the lowest point of production cost is the most ideal location for industrial enterprises. From the development of location theory, the early location theory did play a positive role in the scientific and rational use of land, but this theory also has its limitations, such as single research object, pure theoretical derivation, and lack of practicality. After that, with the proposal of concentric circle theory, fan theory, and multicore theory, the location theory has been further developed. These three theories profoundly reveal the general laws of urban land use and functional zoning and emphasize the leading role of CBD in urban development and functional zoning, which has a positive guiding significance for the planning and construction of Chinese cities.Urban fringe and urban village have different meanings, but they are closely related. From a regional perspective, the urban fringe is a transitional zone between the periphery of the urban built-up area and the rural area. Its boundary is not very obvious, and it also has dynamic characteristics. The village in the city is a construction area within the urban built-up area and the fringe, and it is a “point” of the urban fringe. From the aspects of land use, economic characteristics, and social structure, the two have certain similarities. They are both in the process of obvious transformation from rural to urban. Compared with the urban fringe, the urban village has more urban characteristics. Therefore, the research theories and methods on the urban fringe can be used for reference in the study of villages in cities in China. The first scholar to put forward the concept of “urban fringe” is German geographer L. Louis. At the same time, his explanation of this concept has also been widely recognized by scholars all over the world. In 1936, Herbert Louis studied Berlin, a large European city, from the perspective of morphology. In his study of the regional structure of Berlin, he found that some areas that were originally located on the edge of the city were gradually surrounded with the continuous expansion of the city and eventually became part of the urban area. Herbert Louis called this surrounded area the urban fringe.Since the 1970s, there have been more and more studies on the urban fringe in some developed countries, and most of them focus on the rapid development of urbanization. The research content has also changed from the initial spatial form to the research on the development law, influencing factors, and dynamic mechanism of the urban fringe. In the research on the characteristics of regional structure, Golledge believes that there are seven differences between the urban fringe and the rural and urban areas. They are a small amount of agriculture in the urban fringe, intensive crop production, flexible and changeable population, medium density, rapid expansion of new residential areas, and widespread provision of incomplete services, public facilities, and speculative housing. In the study of suburban characteristics, R.E. Boll discussed from a sociological point of view that the urban fringe has the suburban characteristics of living tendency according to class, selective immigration, frequent commuting, weakened geography, and social hierarchy. Adedayo Adesina takes Nigeria as the research object, analyzes the social structure characteristics of urban-rural fringe in developing countries, and points out the potential impact of informal economic activities on government policies. In the study of urban-rural integration, he emphasized the concept of continuous unity between urban and rural areas, analyzed the relationship between changes in real estate structure, land use structure, agricultural structure, and social and community structure, and found that there were environmental differences in the process of such regional transformation between different cities. In the study of land use difference, the urban fringe is divided into inner edge zone and outer edge zone according to the nature and intensity of land use. The inner edge area means that the land use has been in the advanced stage from rural to urban. The outer edge area refers to the agricultural land use as the main landscape, but the land use has obvious suburban characteristics.In developing countries, slums generally refer to informal settlements, where urban poverty is most evident. Although there are different names, different land tenure systems and different building structures, overcrowding, unsafe living conditions and the lack of clean water, electricity, sanitation, and other basic living services are common characteristics of slums. The rapid growth of urban and rural migrants, growing poverty, and unsafe land tenure have led to the continuous emergence of slums, and the most important factor is the large-scale migration of the rural population to cities. Since the 1950s, the rural population in developing countries has decreased by an average of 25%. Compared with a large number of rural to urban migrants, the construction of urban planning and urban management system has been slow, which has accelerated the formation of slums and led to the growing scale of slums. Some experiences and lessons can be learned from the practice of slum reconstruction in some developed countries.


### 2.2. GIS Technology

With the development of computer technology, it has been applied in various fields [17–20]. In the process of using GIS spatial data, better analysis ability can be obtained [10–13]. With the assistance of GIS spatial data, it can ensure that the planning and design personnel can simulate the current planning scheme, and make an objective evaluation of the scheme content under the condition of reasonable screening, so as to obtain better planning decision-making content. Under the support of GIS spatial data, the buffer area can also be superimposed in the form of layer superposition, and the best planning path can be selected in the form of automatic matching. Based on this form of spatial analysis, the perfection of the planning area setting is guaranteed from many different levels, such as residential area, Park Square, public facilities location, pedestrian and vehicle route selection, and the best arrangement, and gradually replaced the traditional form of planning and design methods. In addition, in the process of using the GIS system, it can comprehensively consider the social development, economic growth, natural conditions, and other factors within the scope of the urban planning area. In the case of multiple factor superposition analysis, it ensures the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the prediction and evaluation and further makes an accurate prediction of the economic development trend within the planning area on the basis of the planned urban land grade. The application of GIS technology in the field of urban planning industry can not only improve the overall design efficiency in the process of planning and design, but also obtain better planning and design results and improve the implementation quality of urban planning and design under the condition of shortening the design cycle. In the process of managing data information with the help of GIS technology, it can not only expand the storage capacity of data information, but also improve the data maintenance and updating ability of the system with the help of a variety of different types of spatial data, provide convenient support for the display of data query, superposition, clustering, network proximity, spatial information, and other functions, and make the urban planning and design scheme gradually transform toward the rational direction.In the process of using GIS to carry out management work, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the specific application requirements of urban planning and design, so as to ensure that in the process of using traditional surveying and mapping technology, it can avoid the impact of other interference factors and reduce the adverse effects on urban planning and design. The system operation mode based on GIS technology needs to take the satellite system as the basic support within a specific range. In the subsequent use process, the detection work should be carried out for the satellite data information system to ensure the convenience of the detection work. Due to the special nature of relevant external factors, it is necessary to take effective application measures through the rational use of GIS technology in various regions to ensure the visual characteristics of measurement links and provide support for the update of Surveying and mapping technology.In the process of accelerating urbanization construction, higher requirements are put forward for software surveying and mapping management, which needs to be based on the concept of strictness and rigor, in the form of manual measurement and with the help of the actual utility of measuring instruments, to ensure the accuracy of the finally measured data information, so as to ensure the timeliness of data information update. In addition, there are relatively many types of interference factors caused by the degree of measurement results, which puts forward higher requirements for the traditional surveying and mapping work, and it is necessary to ensure the perfection of the satellite detection process setting. It is necessary to take GIS technology as the basic guarantee to ensure the effectiveness of satellite detection after the completion of satellite detection. In the implementation stage of the actual measurement work, it is necessary to process the collected information to ensure the timeliness of information processing, set the range according to the existing value, and reduce it to the minimum within a limited time. In addition, during the implementation of measurement, the main purpose is to ensure the accuracy of data information, ensure the accuracy of satellite positioning, and enable it to operate stably in orbit 120 km away from the Earth.When surveying and mapping the ground area based on GIS, it is necessary to strictly follow the specific requirements of signal reception, so as to preset and process the relevant devices, and adjust and evaluate the relevant technical information based on the fully automatic observation form. In addition, in the process of introducing relevant surveying and mapping instruments, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the use of instruments, take this aspect as the focus of the surveying and mapping link, strengthen the management of various types of instruments and equipment, lay a good foundation for the sustainable development of surveying and mapping operations, ensure that the actually obtained surveying and mapping information has the characteristics of detail, and draw the topographic map in an intuitive form. It can not only reduce the use of labor costs, but also ensure the feasibility and operability of GIS mapping mode on the basis of improving work efficiency. Comparing the GIS surveying and mapping technology with the traditional human light surveying and mapping method, it can be seen that in the process of using GIS technology to carry out surveying and mapping work, it can effectively improve the actual surveying and mapping efficiency and can be used under complex environmental conditions. In full combination with the actual situation, it ensures the effective implementation of Surveying and mapping work and management work and meets the specific requirements of urban planning and design work.


## 2.1. Urban Village

Village in the city is a special phenomenon in the process of rapid urbanization under the urban-rural dual system in China. Compared with China, the phenomenon of urban villages in some developed countries is relatively rare. In addition, urban villages appeared relatively late. Therefore, scholars have not conducted much special research on urban villages in China. However, urban problems similar to the characteristics of “village in city” have also appeared in the urbanization process of some developed countries, especially the urban sprawl in the United States after 1950, and the slums in Latin America, Asia, and other developing countries in the process of rapid urbanization and excessive urbanization. Although the formation mechanism of these phenomena in some developed countries is different from that in China, the theoretical basis for the transformation of urban villages in China can be found from the western urbanization theory and the research on urban fringe. The scholar who first proposed and used the concept of urbanization was a serda, who defined the concept of urbanization in the book basic principles of urbanization published in 1867 [14]. In the mid-eighteenth century, the rise of the industrial revolution accelerated the pace of urbanization. With Britain as the representative, under the influence of the industrial revolution, France, Germany, the United States, and other countries have successfully completed the industrial revolution. With the substantial improvement of labor productivity and productivity, the industry of these countries has developed rapidly, while the development of industrialization has also led to the rapid development of Urbanization in these countries, and emerging cities continue to appear.The industrial revolution not only promoted the development of industrialization, but also prompted more and more rural people to gather in cities. With the continuous expansion of urban scale, coupled with the lack of scientific and reasonable urban planning, urban spatial layout was disordered, and social security and residents’ living standards were getting lower and lower. In the mid-nineteenth century, some western industrial cities represented by London, England had different problems one after another. The emergence of this phenomenon has attracted more and more western scholars’ attention to the direction of urban development. During the discussion on the direction of urban development, two completely different views were formed. One was represented by the British scholar Howard, who advocated that the future direction of urban development should be an idyllic city [15]. The other is represented by Le Corbusier, who advocates that the future direction of urban development should be modern cities [16]. Compared with the view of developing modern cities, although the idea of developing garden cities is somewhat idealistic, the idea of urbanization that garden cities focus on pursuing low density in regional space and advocating that life should return to green nature provides a certain theoretical reference for China’s sustainable urban development and effective land use. The modern urban theory put forward by Le Corbusier argues that cities must be concentrated if they want to develop. Only when cities are concentrated can they bring power to urban development. Cities also need to build a large number of high-rise buildings to make the population concentrated in the city, and the traffic, housing, environment, and other problems caused by population concentration can be solved by other technical means. Le Corbusier’s modern urban thoughtfully embodies the concept of intensive land use and advocates that the expansion of urban scale should take the road of connotation development.Scholars began to systematically study the urban internal spatial structure very early. For example, in 1826, von Thunen, a German economist, published the book “the relationship between agriculture and national economy in isolated countries,” in which he put forward the famous agricultural location theory. The theory points out that the level of economic development and its productivity determine the type of agricultural land use and the degree of intensification of agricultural land use, and further points out that the distance between agricultural production land and the agricultural product market has a greater impact on the type of agricultural land use and the degree of intensification of agricultural land use. In 1909, the German economist Weber put forward the famous Weber’s industrial location theory in his book on industrial location. The theory chooses the industrial production activities of the three basic links of production, circulation, and consumption as the research object, scientifically analyzes and accurately calculates the relationship between factors such as transportation and labor agglomeration, and puts forward the principle of minimum cost, that is, for industrial products, the lowest point of production cost is the most ideal location for industrial enterprises. From the development of location theory, the early location theory did play a positive role in the scientific and rational use of land, but this theory also has its limitations, such as single research object, pure theoretical derivation, and lack of practicality. After that, with the proposal of concentric circle theory, fan theory, and multicore theory, the location theory has been further developed. These three theories profoundly reveal the general laws of urban land use and functional zoning and emphasize the leading role of CBD in urban development and functional zoning, which has a positive guiding significance for the planning and construction of Chinese cities.Urban fringe and urban village have different meanings, but they are closely related. From a regional perspective, the urban fringe is a transitional zone between the periphery of the urban built-up area and the rural area. Its boundary is not very obvious, and it also has dynamic characteristics. The village in the city is a construction area within the urban built-up area and the fringe, and it is a “point” of the urban fringe. From the aspects of land use, economic characteristics, and social structure, the two have certain similarities. They are both in the process of obvious transformation from rural to urban. Compared with the urban fringe, the urban village has more urban characteristics. Therefore, the research theories and methods on the urban fringe can be used for reference in the study of villages in cities in China. The first scholar to put forward the concept of “urban fringe” is German geographer L. Louis. At the same time, his explanation of this concept has also been widely recognized by scholars all over the world. In 1936, Herbert Louis studied Berlin, a large European city, from the perspective of morphology. In his study of the regional structure of Berlin, he found that some areas that were originally located on the edge of the city were gradually surrounded with the continuous expansion of the city and eventually became part of the urban area. Herbert Louis called this surrounded area the urban fringe.Since the 1970s, there have been more and more studies on the urban fringe in some developed countries, and most of them focus on the rapid development of urbanization. The research content has also changed from the initial spatial form to the research on the development law, influencing factors, and dynamic mechanism of the urban fringe. In the research on the characteristics of regional structure, Golledge believes that there are seven differences between the urban fringe and the rural and urban areas. They are a small amount of agriculture in the urban fringe, intensive crop production, flexible and changeable population, medium density, rapid expansion of new residential areas, and widespread provision of incomplete services, public facilities, and speculative housing. In the study of suburban characteristics, R.E. Boll discussed from a sociological point of view that the urban fringe has the suburban characteristics of living tendency according to class, selective immigration, frequent commuting, weakened geography, and social hierarchy. Adedayo Adesina takes Nigeria as the research object, analyzes the social structure characteristics of urban-rural fringe in developing countries, and points out the potential impact of informal economic activities on government policies. In the study of urban-rural integration, he emphasized the concept of continuous unity between urban and rural areas, analyzed the relationship between changes in real estate structure, land use structure, agricultural structure, and social and community structure, and found that there were environmental differences in the process of such regional transformation between different cities. In the study of land use difference, the urban fringe is divided into inner edge zone and outer edge zone according to the nature and intensity of land use. The inner edge area means that the land use has been in the advanced stage from rural to urban. The outer edge area refers to the agricultural land use as the main landscape, but the land use has obvious suburban characteristics.In developing countries, slums generally refer to informal settlements, where urban poverty is most evident. Although there are different names, different land tenure systems and different building structures, overcrowding, unsafe living conditions and the lack of clean water, electricity, sanitation, and other basic living services are common characteristics of slums. The rapid growth of urban and rural migrants, growing poverty, and unsafe land tenure have led to the continuous emergence of slums, and the most important factor is the large-scale migration of the rural population to cities. Since the 1950s, the rural population in developing countries has decreased by an average of 25%. Compared with a large number of rural to urban migrants, the construction of urban planning and urban management system has been slow, which has accelerated the formation of slums and led to the growing scale of slums. Some experiences and lessons can be learned from the practice of slum reconstruction in some developed countries.


## 2.2. GIS Technology

With the development of computer technology, it has been applied in various fields [17–20]. In the process of using GIS spatial data, better analysis ability can be obtained [10–13]. With the assistance of GIS spatial data, it can ensure that the planning and design personnel can simulate the current planning scheme, and make an objective evaluation of the scheme content under the condition of reasonable screening, so as to obtain better planning decision-making content. Under the support of GIS spatial data, the buffer area can also be superimposed in the form of layer superposition, and the best planning path can be selected in the form of automatic matching. Based on this form of spatial analysis, the perfection of the planning area setting is guaranteed from many different levels, such as residential area, Park Square, public facilities location, pedestrian and vehicle route selection, and the best arrangement, and gradually replaced the traditional form of planning and design methods. In addition, in the process of using the GIS system, it can comprehensively consider the social development, economic growth, natural conditions, and other factors within the scope of the urban planning area. In the case of multiple factor superposition analysis, it ensures the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the prediction and evaluation and further makes an accurate prediction of the economic development trend within the planning area on the basis of the planned urban land grade. The application of GIS technology in the field of urban planning industry can not only improve the overall design efficiency in the process of planning and design, but also obtain better planning and design results and improve the implementation quality of urban planning and design under the condition of shortening the design cycle. In the process of managing data information with the help of GIS technology, it can not only expand the storage capacity of data information, but also improve the data maintenance and updating ability of the system with the help of a variety of different types of spatial data, provide convenient support for the display of data query, superposition, clustering, network proximity, spatial information, and other functions, and make the urban planning and design scheme gradually transform toward the rational direction.In the process of using GIS to carry out management work, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the specific application requirements of urban planning and design, so as to ensure that in the process of using traditional surveying and mapping technology, it can avoid the impact of other interference factors and reduce the adverse effects on urban planning and design. The system operation mode based on GIS technology needs to take the satellite system as the basic support within a specific range. In the subsequent use process, the detection work should be carried out for the satellite data information system to ensure the convenience of the detection work. Due to the special nature of relevant external factors, it is necessary to take effective application measures through the rational use of GIS technology in various regions to ensure the visual characteristics of measurement links and provide support for the update of Surveying and mapping technology.In the process of accelerating urbanization construction, higher requirements are put forward for software surveying and mapping management, which needs to be based on the concept of strictness and rigor, in the form of manual measurement and with the help of the actual utility of measuring instruments, to ensure the accuracy of the finally measured data information, so as to ensure the timeliness of data information update. In addition, there are relatively many types of interference factors caused by the degree of measurement results, which puts forward higher requirements for the traditional surveying and mapping work, and it is necessary to ensure the perfection of the satellite detection process setting. It is necessary to take GIS technology as the basic guarantee to ensure the effectiveness of satellite detection after the completion of satellite detection. In the implementation stage of the actual measurement work, it is necessary to process the collected information to ensure the timeliness of information processing, set the range according to the existing value, and reduce it to the minimum within a limited time. In addition, during the implementation of measurement, the main purpose is to ensure the accuracy of data information, ensure the accuracy of satellite positioning, and enable it to operate stably in orbit 120 km away from the Earth.When surveying and mapping the ground area based on GIS, it is necessary to strictly follow the specific requirements of signal reception, so as to preset and process the relevant devices, and adjust and evaluate the relevant technical information based on the fully automatic observation form. In addition, in the process of introducing relevant surveying and mapping instruments, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the use of instruments, take this aspect as the focus of the surveying and mapping link, strengthen the management of various types of instruments and equipment, lay a good foundation for the sustainable development of surveying and mapping operations, ensure that the actually obtained surveying and mapping information has the characteristics of detail, and draw the topographic map in an intuitive form. It can not only reduce the use of labor costs, but also ensure the feasibility and operability of GIS mapping mode on the basis of improving work efficiency. Comparing the GIS surveying and mapping technology with the traditional human light surveying and mapping method, it can be seen that in the process of using GIS technology to carry out surveying and mapping work, it can effectively improve the actual surveying and mapping efficiency and can be used under complex environmental conditions. In full combination with the actual situation, it ensures the effective implementation of Surveying and mapping work and management work and meets the specific requirements of urban planning and design work.


## 3. Research on the Application of Urban Village Reconstruction Scheme

### 3.1. Research Framework

The working process of urban village reconstruction planning is as follows: (1) investigation and analysis of the basic situation. Through the on-the-spot survey, questionnaire survey, personal interview, literature reading, and other means, we mainly understand the basic information of urban villages, such as population, housing and land income, policies, and systems. (2) Collection and analysis of basic data. Establish GIS analysis database to collect basic data including land cadastre (topographic map, house cadastre data, etc.), house conditions (structure base area, floor height, house property right, building quality, etc.), and social and economic factors (house cost, demolition cost, population, etc.). (3) Analysis and evaluation of transformation ideas. Through GIS technology, this paper studies the scheme of urban village reconstruction, the method of demolition and resettlement, and the sequence arrangement of reconstruction and reconstruction. (4) Form a preliminary plan and ideas. Through communication and coordination with villagers, local managers and reconstruction implementers, the reconstruction scheme is revised. (5) Preparation of planning scheme (as shown in Figure1).Figure 1
Preparation of the planning scheme.


### 3.2. Data Collection

The data collection of the GIS database is mainly based on the following sources: (1) the topographic map is imported to form the GIS base map, which digitizes the basic information such as roads, river waters, and houses, including the house base range and area, floating platform range and area, floor height, and other house information. (2) According to the house cadastre and property rights data of the Housing Administration Bureau, confirm the property right information of all houses in the reconstruction area and enter it into the attribute of the house object in the GIS database. (3) The construction quality of all houses is determined through on-site investigation, which is divided into four grades: A, B, C, and D. At the same time, the buildings with historical protection value shall be determined.


### 3.3. Evaluation and Classification of Existing Buildings

In general, three different technical schemes can be adopted for the transformation of Urban Villages: first, overall transformation, which refers to the comprehensive transformation from the overall pattern to individual buildings, but some historical buildings may also be retained, mainly for urban villages with poor overall human settlements. Second, local transformation refers to the key transformation of local areas and key elements without major adjustment of the overall pattern, mainly aiming at the villages in the city where the problems are not prominent. The third is to retain the renovation, which means that the internal environment of urban villages is renovated without adjustment of the overall pattern, mainly for urban villages with mild problems and good living environment. What kind of transformation plan should be adopted for the transformation of urban villages? Not only the living environment of urban villages, but also the economic feasibility of the transformation should be considered. The reconstruction of urban villages involves the demolition compensation of the original houses and the relocation and resettlement of the original residents after the reconstruction, which increases the cost of house demolition and resettlement compared with the general real estate development. Therefore, the economic cost and investment income of the transformation should be considered in the selection of the transformation scheme of urban villages. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the plot ratio, building quality, property rights, and rental benefits of urban villages. Figure2 presents the research idea map.Figure 2
Research idea map.


#### 3.3.1. Plot Division

There are obvious differences between the buildings in the East and the west of the village in the city, so it is necessary to adopt different transformation strategies according to local conditions. Firstly, according to the natural geographical environment (such as ponds and rivers), road conditions, and architectural characteristics, the village in the city is divided into 17 plots of similar size.


#### 3.3.2. Statistical Analysis

By using the statistical analysis function of GIS, the basic building conditions of each plot are obtained.


#### 3.3.3. Cluster Analysis

According to the building conditions of each plot, the index values that can best reflect the building characteristics, such as building area, building floor area ratio, average floors, and building quality index, are selected as variables for hierarchical cluster analysis. After testing, the method of sum of squares of Wald’s deviation is the best for classification and can analyze the building conditions of each group:The first group is a low-density building area. The main feature is that the natural landscape in the plot is good, there are large ponds and waters, and the building density, building floor area ratio, and the average number of floors are relatively low. It is a low-cost or high-efficiency reconstruction area. However, the building quality of each plot varies greatly. The plots with a good living environment should be retained and renovated, while the plots with a poor living environment should be listed as key reconstruction areas.The second group is a medium-density building area, which belongs to a typical traditional rural settlement type. The main characteristics are that the building density in the plot is high, the living environment is relatively poor, and the building quality, floor height, and floor area ratio are general. It is an area in urgent need of reconstruction.The third group is high-density building areas. The main features are that the average number of floors of buildings in the plot is relatively high, the building quality is relatively good, the building plot ratio is relatively high, and the reconstruction cost is large. It belongs to a local reconstruction area.


### 3.4. Establishment of Thematic Map and Analysis of Influencing Factors

The above statistical analysis is aimed at the economic evaluation of the amount of housing reconstruction and demolition, which provides a fundamental basis for the determination of the reconstruction scheme. However, it still stays at the level of the mathematical analysis method, and more objective factors must be considered in determining the transformation plan. With the application of GIS technology, the planning can establish thematic maps according to these factors for analysis, and finally achieve the purpose of comprehensive consideration.Because the original rural planning and management system is not perfect and the villagers’ legal meaning is weak, illegal buildings in urban villages are quite common. Therefore, for the houses that have been planned and legally built, the planning should be retained as far as possible. The vast majority of houses in Dongxifang, a village in the city, have incomplete formalities. The main purpose of urban village reconstruction is to improve the environment of urban village. Therefore, the quality of housing construction and the overall construction landscape should become the main evaluation factors of urban village reconstruction.


## 3.1. Research Framework

The working process of urban village reconstruction planning is as follows: (1) investigation and analysis of the basic situation. Through the on-the-spot survey, questionnaire survey, personal interview, literature reading, and other means, we mainly understand the basic information of urban villages, such as population, housing and land income, policies, and systems. (2) Collection and analysis of basic data. Establish GIS analysis database to collect basic data including land cadastre (topographic map, house cadastre data, etc.), house conditions (structure base area, floor height, house property right, building quality, etc.), and social and economic factors (house cost, demolition cost, population, etc.). (3) Analysis and evaluation of transformation ideas. Through GIS technology, this paper studies the scheme of urban village reconstruction, the method of demolition and resettlement, and the sequence arrangement of reconstruction and reconstruction. (4) Form a preliminary plan and ideas. Through communication and coordination with villagers, local managers and reconstruction implementers, the reconstruction scheme is revised. (5) Preparation of planning scheme (as shown in Figure1).Figure 1
Preparation of the planning scheme.


## 3.2. Data Collection

The data collection of the GIS database is mainly based on the following sources: (1) the topographic map is imported to form the GIS base map, which digitizes the basic information such as roads, river waters, and houses, including the house base range and area, floating platform range and area, floor height, and other house information. (2) According to the house cadastre and property rights data of the Housing Administration Bureau, confirm the property right information of all houses in the reconstruction area and enter it into the attribute of the house object in the GIS database. (3) The construction quality of all houses is determined through on-site investigation, which is divided into four grades: A, B, C, and D. At the same time, the buildings with historical protection value shall be determined.


## 3.3. Evaluation and Classification of Existing Buildings

In general, three different technical schemes can be adopted for the transformation of Urban Villages: first, overall transformation, which refers to the comprehensive transformation from the overall pattern to individual buildings, but some historical buildings may also be retained, mainly for urban villages with poor overall human settlements. Second, local transformation refers to the key transformation of local areas and key elements without major adjustment of the overall pattern, mainly aiming at the villages in the city where the problems are not prominent. The third is to retain the renovation, which means that the internal environment of urban villages is renovated without adjustment of the overall pattern, mainly for urban villages with mild problems and good living environment. What kind of transformation plan should be adopted for the transformation of urban villages? Not only the living environment of urban villages, but also the economic feasibility of the transformation should be considered. The reconstruction of urban villages involves the demolition compensation of the original houses and the relocation and resettlement of the original residents after the reconstruction, which increases the cost of house demolition and resettlement compared with the general real estate development. Therefore, the economic cost and investment income of the transformation should be considered in the selection of the transformation scheme of urban villages. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the plot ratio, building quality, property rights, and rental benefits of urban villages. Figure2 presents the research idea map.Figure 2
Research idea map.


### 3.3.1. Plot Division

There are obvious differences between the buildings in the East and the west of the village in the city, so it is necessary to adopt different transformation strategies according to local conditions. Firstly, according to the natural geographical environment (such as ponds and rivers), road conditions, and architectural characteristics, the village in the city is divided into 17 plots of similar size.


### 3.3.2. Statistical Analysis

By using the statistical analysis function of GIS, the basic building conditions of each plot are obtained.


### 3.3.3. Cluster Analysis

According to the building conditions of each plot, the index values that can best reflect the building characteristics, such as building area, building floor area ratio, average floors, and building quality index, are selected as variables for hierarchical cluster analysis. After testing, the method of sum of squares of Wald’s deviation is the best for classification and can analyze the building conditions of each group:The first group is a low-density building area. The main feature is that the natural landscape in the plot is good, there are large ponds and waters, and the building density, building floor area ratio, and the average number of floors are relatively low. It is a low-cost or high-efficiency reconstruction area. However, the building quality of each plot varies greatly. The plots with a good living environment should be retained and renovated, while the plots with a poor living environment should be listed as key reconstruction areas.The second group is a medium-density building area, which belongs to a typical traditional rural settlement type. The main characteristics are that the building density in the plot is high, the living environment is relatively poor, and the building quality, floor height, and floor area ratio are general. It is an area in urgent need of reconstruction.The third group is high-density building areas. The main features are that the average number of floors of buildings in the plot is relatively high, the building quality is relatively good, the building plot ratio is relatively high, and the reconstruction cost is large. It belongs to a local reconstruction area.


## 3.3.1. Plot Division

There are obvious differences between the buildings in the East and the west of the village in the city, so it is necessary to adopt different transformation strategies according to local conditions. Firstly, according to the natural geographical environment (such as ponds and rivers), road conditions, and architectural characteristics, the village in the city is divided into 17 plots of similar size.


## 3.3.2. Statistical Analysis

By using the statistical analysis function of GIS, the basic building conditions of each plot are obtained.


## 3.3.3. Cluster Analysis

According to the building conditions of each plot, the index values that can best reflect the building characteristics, such as building area, building floor area ratio, average floors, and building quality index, are selected as variables for hierarchical cluster analysis. After testing, the method of sum of squares of Wald’s deviation is the best for classification and can analyze the building conditions of each group:The first group is a low-density building area. The main feature is that the natural landscape in the plot is good, there are large ponds and waters, and the building density, building floor area ratio, and the average number of floors are relatively low. It is a low-cost or high-efficiency reconstruction area. However, the building quality of each plot varies greatly. The plots with a good living environment should be retained and renovated, while the plots with a poor living environment should be listed as key reconstruction areas.The second group is a medium-density building area, which belongs to a typical traditional rural settlement type. The main characteristics are that the building density in the plot is high, the living environment is relatively poor, and the building quality, floor height, and floor area ratio are general. It is an area in urgent need of reconstruction.The third group is high-density building areas. The main features are that the average number of floors of buildings in the plot is relatively high, the building quality is relatively good, the building plot ratio is relatively high, and the reconstruction cost is large. It belongs to a local reconstruction area.


## 3.4. Establishment of Thematic Map and Analysis of Influencing Factors

The above statistical analysis is aimed at the economic evaluation of the amount of housing reconstruction and demolition, which provides a fundamental basis for the determination of the reconstruction scheme. However, it still stays at the level of the mathematical analysis method, and more objective factors must be considered in determining the transformation plan. With the application of GIS technology, the planning can establish thematic maps according to these factors for analysis, and finally achieve the purpose of comprehensive consideration.Because the original rural planning and management system is not perfect and the villagers’ legal meaning is weak, illegal buildings in urban villages are quite common. Therefore, for the houses that have been planned and legally built, the planning should be retained as far as possible. The vast majority of houses in Dongxifang, a village in the city, have incomplete formalities. The main purpose of urban village reconstruction is to improve the environment of urban village. Therefore, the quality of housing construction and the overall construction landscape should become the main evaluation factors of urban village reconstruction.


## 4. System Design and Application Platform Based on GIS Architecture

With the putting forward of the GIS concept, GIS application terminal is developing toward miniaturization and mobility. GIS Server is developing toward a cross-platform and service-oriented architecture and supports minicomputer, mainframe, cluster, and other applications. The new generation t-c-v three-tier software architecture (terminal cloud virtual), a GIS application model for cloud services proposed by MAPGIS, a large domestic GIS manufacturer, provides users with a cloud GIS basic platform suitable for geographic information services. T-c-v architecture is a loosely coupled software architecture [21–23]. The three layers refer to the terminal application layer, cloud computing layer, and virtual device layer, respectively. Based on the concept of service orientation, each layer is connected by standard service interfaces to provide all-round sharing of data, functions, and services, as well as aggregation and migration of services; replace the current small and medium-sized computing mode with the super large-scale computing mode. The framework can solve the problems of isolated services and difficult integration, make data integration and mining easier, improved data storage organization and management capabilities, and provided users with fast, convenient, and broader information service capabilities. The terminal application layer provides users or developers with standard interfaces to access, so as to facilitate the construction of various terminal applications. Table 1 presents the T-C-V three-layer software architecture.Table 1
T-C-V three-layer software architecture.
LayerSpecific structureV layerVirtual device layerC layerCloud production centerCloud service warehouseCloud management centerT layerTerminal application layer


### 4.1. Virtual Device Layer (V Layer)

The virtual device layer refers to the organization of software and hardware devices such as computers, network facilities, storage devices, and large databases at the bottom based on virtualization technology, shielding the heterogeneity of different computers, networks, and storage devices, managing all software and hardware resources in an integrated manner, virtualizing them into corresponding logical resource pools, and providing a unified and efficient operating environment for cloud computing layer applications. The virtual device layer is the foundation to support cloud computing and cloud GIS services. Users can use various terminal devices to obtain GIS services at any place and at any time.


### 4.2. Cloud Computing Layer (C Layer)

The cloud computing layer combines the current cutting-edge cloud computing technology and the characteristics of geospatial information to establish a framework for massive geographic information data, functions, resource management, and service system. On the basis of supporting super large-scale and virtualized hardware architecture, a massive GIS data, function and resource management, and service system framework are established, and services are established according to the idea of “plug and play” and the concept of aggregated services. The cloud computing layer deploys the cloud GIS services provided by GIS application developers and end users. Among them, basic GIS platform developers can provide basic GIS function services, GIS application software developers, and other end users from all walks of life can provide GIS function services of different granularity that can form various applications. The energy source of the cloud computing layer constantly generates new resources and expands the cloud, while ensuring that other resources can be smoothly connected to the cloud. The cloud service warehouse is mainly used to manage various cloud GIS services. The cloud management center is used to manage the registration, discovery, scheduling, and security of all services in the cloud and ensures the normal operation of online transactions of cloud services.


#### 4.2.1. Cloud Production Center

One of the important roles of the cloud computing layer is to generate various cloud resources for users to customize. In order to ensure that all cloud resources can be connected to the cloud for global users and that these resources can be aggregated and reconstructed. Map GIS 10 has launched the development mode of “framework + plug-in.” All applications in this development mode are composed of frameworks and plug-ins. These frameworks and plug-ins are independent of each other. They are connected through certain standards and specifications. As long as the frameworks and plug-ins contained in applications that meet the same standards and specifications can be freely aggregated and reconstructed. At the same time, MAPGIS 10 provides powerful runtime support and can easily access third-party applications. Users can directly customize, aggregate, and reconstruct the application system based on the rich kernel resources provided by MAPGIS 10 and use the existing framework and plug-in resources. They can also customize the development functions based on unified development standards and development processes based on various end application development runtime and API resources provided by MAPGIS 10 to form cloud service resources.


#### 4.2.2. Cloud Service Warehouse

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud GIS Service Center, and the cloud service warehouse is the window to share cloud GIS services to various users. All cloud services managed in the cloud service warehouse are built based on unified service standards, which ensures that third parties can make arbitrary calls according to the unified call standards, so as to facilitate the global sharing of cloud services. MAPGIS 10 adopts a floating flexible architecture and uses a function warehouse and a data warehouse to manage function services and data services respectively, so as to ensure that functions and data can be completely separated, thus ensuring the “drift, aggregation and reconstruction” characteristics of cloud services.


#### 4.2.3. Cloud Management Center

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud management center, providing the whole process management and monitoring of cloud GIS services from discovery, registration, and invocation; unified management of all resources of cloud environment operation, including management of cloud online use, delivery, security, and other contents. According to the cloud business model, it restricts the online transaction and payment, security, as well as the registration, discovery, and invocation of cloud services, so as to provide a good operating environment for the cloud.


### 4.3. Terminal Application Layer (T Layer)

The terminal application layer provides users with standard access interfaces, and users can build various terminal applications. It allows users to access the cloud and obtain resources through various terminal devices such as PC computers, intelligent terminals, various monitoring devices, and various application software with distinctive applications running on these devices. Through the cloud services provided in layer C, terminal applications can be freely scalable, customized, expanded, and developed to meet various public and private cloud applications from individuals, groups, enterprises, the public, the government, and so on.


## 4.1. Virtual Device Layer (V Layer)

The virtual device layer refers to the organization of software and hardware devices such as computers, network facilities, storage devices, and large databases at the bottom based on virtualization technology, shielding the heterogeneity of different computers, networks, and storage devices, managing all software and hardware resources in an integrated manner, virtualizing them into corresponding logical resource pools, and providing a unified and efficient operating environment for cloud computing layer applications. The virtual device layer is the foundation to support cloud computing and cloud GIS services. Users can use various terminal devices to obtain GIS services at any place and at any time.


## 4.2. Cloud Computing Layer (C Layer)

The cloud computing layer combines the current cutting-edge cloud computing technology and the characteristics of geospatial information to establish a framework for massive geographic information data, functions, resource management, and service system. On the basis of supporting super large-scale and virtualized hardware architecture, a massive GIS data, function and resource management, and service system framework are established, and services are established according to the idea of “plug and play” and the concept of aggregated services. The cloud computing layer deploys the cloud GIS services provided by GIS application developers and end users. Among them, basic GIS platform developers can provide basic GIS function services, GIS application software developers, and other end users from all walks of life can provide GIS function services of different granularity that can form various applications. The energy source of the cloud computing layer constantly generates new resources and expands the cloud, while ensuring that other resources can be smoothly connected to the cloud. The cloud service warehouse is mainly used to manage various cloud GIS services. The cloud management center is used to manage the registration, discovery, scheduling, and security of all services in the cloud and ensures the normal operation of online transactions of cloud services.


### 4.2.1. Cloud Production Center

One of the important roles of the cloud computing layer is to generate various cloud resources for users to customize. In order to ensure that all cloud resources can be connected to the cloud for global users and that these resources can be aggregated and reconstructed. Map GIS 10 has launched the development mode of “framework + plug-in.” All applications in this development mode are composed of frameworks and plug-ins. These frameworks and plug-ins are independent of each other. They are connected through certain standards and specifications. As long as the frameworks and plug-ins contained in applications that meet the same standards and specifications can be freely aggregated and reconstructed. At the same time, MAPGIS 10 provides powerful runtime support and can easily access third-party applications. Users can directly customize, aggregate, and reconstruct the application system based on the rich kernel resources provided by MAPGIS 10 and use the existing framework and plug-in resources. They can also customize the development functions based on unified development standards and development processes based on various end application development runtime and API resources provided by MAPGIS 10 to form cloud service resources.


### 4.2.2. Cloud Service Warehouse

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud GIS Service Center, and the cloud service warehouse is the window to share cloud GIS services to various users. All cloud services managed in the cloud service warehouse are built based on unified service standards, which ensures that third parties can make arbitrary calls according to the unified call standards, so as to facilitate the global sharing of cloud services. MAPGIS 10 adopts a floating flexible architecture and uses a function warehouse and a data warehouse to manage function services and data services respectively, so as to ensure that functions and data can be completely separated, thus ensuring the “drift, aggregation and reconstruction” characteristics of cloud services.


### 4.2.3. Cloud Management Center

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud management center, providing the whole process management and monitoring of cloud GIS services from discovery, registration, and invocation; unified management of all resources of cloud environment operation, including management of cloud online use, delivery, security, and other contents. According to the cloud business model, it restricts the online transaction and payment, security, as well as the registration, discovery, and invocation of cloud services, so as to provide a good operating environment for the cloud.


## 4.2.1. Cloud Production Center

One of the important roles of the cloud computing layer is to generate various cloud resources for users to customize. In order to ensure that all cloud resources can be connected to the cloud for global users and that these resources can be aggregated and reconstructed. Map GIS 10 has launched the development mode of “framework + plug-in.” All applications in this development mode are composed of frameworks and plug-ins. These frameworks and plug-ins are independent of each other. They are connected through certain standards and specifications. As long as the frameworks and plug-ins contained in applications that meet the same standards and specifications can be freely aggregated and reconstructed. At the same time, MAPGIS 10 provides powerful runtime support and can easily access third-party applications. Users can directly customize, aggregate, and reconstruct the application system based on the rich kernel resources provided by MAPGIS 10 and use the existing framework and plug-in resources. They can also customize the development functions based on unified development standards and development processes based on various end application development runtime and API resources provided by MAPGIS 10 to form cloud service resources.


## 4.2.2. Cloud Service Warehouse

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud GIS Service Center, and the cloud service warehouse is the window to share cloud GIS services to various users. All cloud services managed in the cloud service warehouse are built based on unified service standards, which ensures that third parties can make arbitrary calls according to the unified call standards, so as to facilitate the global sharing of cloud services. MAPGIS 10 adopts a floating flexible architecture and uses a function warehouse and a data warehouse to manage function services and data services respectively, so as to ensure that functions and data can be completely separated, thus ensuring the “drift, aggregation and reconstruction” characteristics of cloud services.


## 4.2.3. Cloud Management Center

The cloud computing layer is also the cloud management center, providing the whole process management and monitoring of cloud GIS services from discovery, registration, and invocation; unified management of all resources of cloud environment operation, including management of cloud online use, delivery, security, and other contents. According to the cloud business model, it restricts the online transaction and payment, security, as well as the registration, discovery, and invocation of cloud services, so as to provide a good operating environment for the cloud.


## 4.3. Terminal Application Layer (T Layer)

The terminal application layer provides users with standard access interfaces, and users can build various terminal applications. It allows users to access the cloud and obtain resources through various terminal devices such as PC computers, intelligent terminals, various monitoring devices, and various application software with distinctive applications running on these devices. Through the cloud services provided in layer C, terminal applications can be freely scalable, customized, expanded, and developed to meet various public and private cloud applications from individuals, groups, enterprises, the public, the government, and so on.


## 5. Conclusion

GIS technology provides an effective analysis tool for data and graphics processing for urban research. It is widely used in urban planning management, urban information system, and other fields and is mostly combined with transportation research, land use, and other research. At present, the domestic GIS technology mainly focuses on the macro problems of physical space, while some developed countries begin to pay attention to the micro-level analysis of social, economic, and psychological factors, which has been widely used in the reconstruction of old cities. The task of urban village reconstruction in many cities in China is urgent. However, due to the lack of collection of basic data and the application of advanced technical methods, the urban village reconstruction schemes are often lack scientificity and operability. As a means of quantification and visualization, GIS analysis is a good tool for observing and analyzing the construction of urban villages. It is helpful to establish a data database for transformation analysis and to help planners analyze and study the social and economic factors of urban villages. In the future, it can be seen that the application of GIS in urban village reconstruction project provides strong analytical support for the determination of the reconstruction scheme, the implementation of the reconstruction sequence, and the evaluation of investment income.



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*Source: 5423927-2022-08-18.xml*