# Recognition and Detection Methods of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Faults under the Background of Big Data

Authors: Meng Ge
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

With the widespread use of computers and the rapid development of Internet technology, computer application technology has become more and more important in people’s work and life. The article mainly studies particle swarm optimization (PSO) and radial basis neural network function (RBF). Particle swarm optimization is an evolutionary swarm intelligence algorithm, such as nonderivative node transfer function or gradient information loss. Because its principle is simple and easy to implement, it can deal with some problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods. It is widely used in neural networks, and has achieved good results in many fields such as network training, performance optimization, and system mismanagement. RBF neural network is a feedforward neural network, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional neural network learning process that the convergence is highly dependent on the initial value and can only be partially converged. This paper organically combines PSO algorithm and RBF neural network to study the detection and detection of computer network faults. The results show that although the prediction error of the improved network model on the experimental test set is still only 89.3% different from that of the SVM model, its convergence time is reduced to 0.90699885 s, which can effectively detect and identify computer network faults.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Computer network management is one of the leading technologies in the field of computer network, and its purpose is to ensure the normal and stable operation of the network. With the rapid development and wide application of network interconnection technology, the traditional central network management has made great progress in meeting people’s growing network and business management needs. This also brings new challenges to the development of network management software. With the rise and popularization of web technology, it provides a new solution for creating a platform-based public network management system.The continuous development of computer and network technology and applications is forcing people to pay more attention to the security of computer systems, because if the computer system is damaged, it will cause huge economic losses and affect the normal operation and development of the system. Therefore, strengthening the security and maintenance of computer systems is one of the most important tasks in knowledge development. In a sense, network administration is a term that can be translated into many forms, from casual jobs done by amateur small network administrators to full-time jobs done by employees of large telecommunications providers and companies. Network error detection is designed to improve network availability, increase the availability of network equipment, improve network performance, quality of service and security, facilitate management of mixed network environments, reduce maintenance costs, and extend network life. The essence of error detection is method identification. Due to the complexity of network equipment and the different types of errors, the relationship between symptoms of network errors and failure conditions may not be a simple one-to-one relationship. Network detection is to detect the status information generated during the operation of network equipment. It extracts characteristic information representing the operating state of network equipment from detected signals, detects error states, detects error causes, makes decisions, and completes maintenance.Intelligent error detection is based on the identification and processing of error signals, domain expertise and artificial intelligence techniques that support the rationality of diagnosis, and the ability to detect and predict error conditions and environmental detection factors. To solve complex diagnostic problems, it is appropriate to follow human thought processes that require rational reasoning. The article conducts several experiments using the identification of neural network failures in computer networks. It is hoped that by studying the damage of computer network, the characteristics of neural network can be used to provide a basis for diagnosing computer network and realizing the goal of computer network.


## 2. Related Work

Experts at home and abroad also have a lot of research on network failure and artificial intelligence. Yan-Wen X U screened 75 proteins and identified 22 core target proteins by molecular docking strategy, and constructed a component-core target network. Finally, he verified the affinity of the compound with the target by SPR analysis method [1]. Bukhari detects and notifies failures of any network element through a centralized location for rapid recovery, with RADIUS feeds sent in real-time to external databases and analysis systems [2]. Sivaraman and Azaraffali proposed two main information checking strategies for diagnosing the causes of system failures and early identification of system failures. The system log contains log messages created by the framework [3]. Hassabis et al. believe that the fields of neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) have a long and intertwined history. Recently, however, exchanges and cooperation between these two fields have become less common [4]. Makridakis believes that those who use the Internet extensively and are willing to take entrepreneurial risks will continue to gain a significant competitive advantage. The biggest challenge facing society and businesses will be to take advantage of AI technology for continuous development [5]. Li et al. believe that artificial intelligence (AI) technology is getting more and more attention from academia and industry. However, artificial intelligence methods face great challenges under different practical operating conditions [6]. These studies provide a lot of evidence for experiments, but due to the short study time, there are some doubts about the tested samples, which makes the test results need to be confirmed by everyone.


## 3. Design of Computer Network System Fault Management System

### 3.1. SOA Technical Architecture

SOA has specific characteristics that are fundamentally different from the way most large companies define architecture today. These capabilities are fully capable of adapting to faster changes and improving collaboration between business and enterprise IT. The IT service-based approach is changing the way we develop and deliver functionality. The functionality of the business needs to be considered, shared, and used at the same time. It reduces costs, speeds delivery, and improves IT’s ability to adapt to change. In addition to changing the way IT is invested and managed, a service-based approach also requires changes in the way functions are packaged and deployed. SOA also considers possible ways to perform service functions and how to manage and monitor these services.Evaluating SOA projects is different from evaluating traditional software projects. SOA emphasizes its benefits through various business-wide approaches. Optimizing business processes through shared services enables comprehensive innovation of “value opportunities” beyond traditional software projects. Building a strong business case for business innovation through SOA is a critical inflection point. Businesses need to realize that the initial investment in building an SOA project can bring many benefits. These benefits became more pronounced over time [7].


### 3.2. Implement SOA Steps

The implementation method of SOA in the enterprise should be divided into several levels according to the preparation of the enterprise for SOA, as shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Five levels of enterprise SOA readiness.The first layer is the current program resources, and the second layer is the component layer, where different components are used to summarize the basic functions of the system. The third layer is the most important service layer; in this layer, the basic elements that can be used to create the services required by different applications are used. The fourth layer of the service layer is the business process layer. In this case, the business process is integrated into the business organization using service development. The fifth layer is the presentation layer, which is located the business process layer. Use the presentation layer to provide user interface services that can be created using portal-based systems. Implementing the first five layers requires a supportive environment, as shown in Figure2 [8].Figure 2
SOA-layered model.


### 3.3. Overall Structure Design of Computer Network Fault Management System

Due to the constant changes in the size and configuration of network systems and the diversity of network devices, it is very important to improve the management quality and design of the network management system infrastructure. In the current web network management system, the application server manages network devices through the SNMP interface and performs almost all management tasks. As the size and complexity of the network increases, the load on the application server increases significantly, as does the network overhead provided by network management. Therefore, the article understands the distributed part of the network management process. In the system design, a domain control agent (I-net) is introduced to penetrate the star-shaped architecture and transform it into a hierarchical tree-shaped architecture, as shown in Figure3 [9].Figure 3
Star architecture vs. hierarchical tree architecture.The advantages of this architecture are as follows: large amounts of network bandwidth are wasted due to the need to continuously collect data. After adopting the layered system, the capture bandwidth of the capture network is reduced through efficient bandwidth data collection. If the system load is in balanced mode, system calibration can be improved and adjusted to accommodate changes in network size and complexity. The performance requirements of the network management workstation are not high. Using the concept of hierarchical tree structure, this paper designs a four-layer network vulnerability management system based on the web, including client layer, application server layer, domain management agent layer, and device agent layer. The system configuration diagram is shown in Figure4. In some designs, a database must be added to manage errors between the two, recording the large amount of data that advanced applications and domain control agents must analyze and process [10]. Architecting high-level applications is entirely database-based, laying the groundwork for future integration of smart modules into computer extensions.Figure 4
System structure diagram.


### 3.4. Particle Swarm Algorithm with Nonlinear Change of Inertia Weight

Flocks of birds prefind and spread feed during migration. They are always in contact with each other, and this mode of transmission is the exchange of information between individuals in social groups such as bees and ants. In the process of migrating from one place to another before finding a food source for a group of birds, birds always have a better understanding of smell and a better idea of the general direction of the food source. Therefore, under the guidance of this “gospel,” the birds finally “find” the food source, and the food source reaches the crowd. Flocks of birds migrate from one place to another, which is equivalent to the development of a settlement team. “Good news” and “comments” are the optimal solution for the development of food sources for each generation. The difference between particles and birds is that there can only be one bird at any point in space, while the number of particles can be more than one. Since the introduction of particle mass optimization, it has attracted the attention and research of many scholars in related fields all over the world due to its advantages such as fast calculation speed and easy implementation of algorithms. Research can be roughly divided into algorithm development, algorithm analysis, and algorithm application [11].The algorithm flow is shown in Figure5.Figure 5
Basic PSO algorithm flowchart.1 is the comparison of the results of the Schaffer function tests with different PSO methods when the number of particle swarms is 30.As can be seen from Table1, on the basis of all the best results, the average number of methods in the paper is again 104.10. The accuracy and repetition time of this study are much higher than other methods, and the maximum transformation limit and minimum repetition time are very low, indicating that the search performance is very consistent.Table 1
Comparison of function test results.
MethodOptimal solutionWorst solutionExcellent rateAverage number of iterationsVariation rangeVariation range PSO00.00350.90426.4586-1805Improve PSO——0.99273.07—Improve PSO0Trapped in local extrema0.92762.4047-4331Table2 compares the results of the rastergreen operation tested by different methods when the dimension is 20 and the number of particles is 30 [12].Table 2
Comparison of function test results.
MethodOptimal solutionWorst solutionExcellent rateAverage number of iterationsVariation rangeVariation range PSO1.989978.77850.891320.95743-1523Improve PSO——0.99187.91—Improve PSO——1.00179.30—Article method1.889120.85891.00476.20426-701Improve PSO29.769177——349.00—Article method1.191324.62991.00516.67451-826


### 3.5. The Basic Principle and Process of BP Neural Network

The BP network is a multilayer feed-forward neural network that uses the BP algorithm to correct the connection weights. Therefore, the BP algorithm is the core part of the network. The algorithm flow is as follows: the learning process includes two processes of forward signal propagation and backward error propagation. During forward expansion, the pattern acts on the input layer, and after passing through the output of the hidden layer, it is sent to the output layer. If the output signal is different from the latent signal, i.e., if there is an error, transfer the previous propagation process of the error from the output layer to the hidden layer and adjust the weights of each layer below according to the given formula. The process of continuously adjusting the level connection pressure is a network training (or training) process [13]. This process is repeated until the error requirement between the network output signal and the expected signal is met.The activation function of the input layer and the output layer can use a linear function and a sigmoid activation function. The activation function of the hidden layer generally adopts a sigmoid activation function, as shown in Figure6 [14].
(1)fx=x,fx=11+e−x.Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the neural network.The neuron output value is:(2)xkih=fukih,ukih=∑jwijhxkjh−1+θih.The error between the output layer and the actual output is:(3)et=xlh−yt,(4)E=12∑i=lmxlH−yt2=12∑l=imet2.Namely,(5)Δwij=−∂E∂wij,(6)Δθi=−∂E∂θi.Considering the learning rate, that is:(7)Δwij=−η∂E∂wij,(8)Δθi=η∂E∂θi.Therefore, the weight correction formula is:(9)wijt+1=wijt+Δwijt.The threshold correction formula is:(10)θijt+1=θijt+Δθijt.From the previous formula, we can get:(11)∂E∂wijh=∂E∂uijh∂uih∂wijh,∂E∂θijh=∂E∂uijh∂uih∂θijh,which results in:
(12)∂uih∂θijh=∂∑iwilhxlh−1+θih∂wih=xjh−1,∂uih∂θijh=∂∑iwilhxlh−1+θih∂wih=1,(13)Δwijh=−η∂E∂wijh=−η∂E∂uihxjh−1,(14)Δθih=−η∂E∂θih=−η∂E∂uih.It can be known from the previous formula (considering the sigmoid function):(15)∂E∂xih=∂E∂xiH=∂1/2∑l=1mxlH−yl2∂xiH=xiH−yi.Consider what the previous layer does to it:(16)∂E∂xih=∑l∂E∂ulh+1∂ulh+1∂xih,(17)∂E∂xih=∑l∂E∂ulh+1wlih+1.BP network is a relatively effective self-learning neural network, but it also has the following main problems, and it is easy to come up with a local minimalist. From the origin of the BP algorithm formula, the main idea of the BP algorithm is to modify the weight and the weight formula, both of which are adjusted according to the negative direction of the slope, which will inevitably make the algorithm faster. Starting from a minimal locale, the practical solution to a spatial problem is always a very complex multidimensional surface with many local minima. This greatly increases the chance of getting stuck in local minima. The number of structural nodes of BP network is difficult to determine, and there is no precise theoretical guidance, so it has great blindness. Convergence is also related to initial stress and threshold. Initial weights and criteria are usually random, which also makes the aggregation of the entire algorithm uncertain; learning algorithms are slow to converge and usually require tens of thousands or more iterations, because the BP algorithm uses the first-order weight derivative of the error function to guide the weight adjustment to reduce the final error. During the activation process, the strength of each adjustment of the network parameters is multiplied by a specific factorn. n is proportional to the strength or weight of the network error operation on its source. Therefore, if the fault curve is large, the area derivative value is large, and the adjustment range of the network parameters is large, resulting in the adjustment near the minimum point of error operation, which is difficult to change. At least this, to achieve algorithm ensemble, the learning rate x must be small. In this way, if the error content is relatively flat, the adjustment range of the network parameters is small due to the small partial derivative value [15]. Therefore, the surface of the error function must be changed many times to reduce the error, which is an important factor for the slow learning speed of the BP algorithm.The experimental data of the article is to use the application layer test software IxChariot60 to conduct the actual network online test. Start by doing a channel scan with NetworkStumbler and removing interference. Aiming at the situation that the speed fluctuates in WLAN at some moments, the experimental process adopts the scientific measurement method. Among them, the terminal whose IP address is 202207214.117 is used as the main console ChariotConsole. The measured data is shown in Table3 [16].Table 3
Measured data sample set.
Sample serial numberNetwork status parametersPerformanceNumber of nodesNumber of linksEnd-to-end delayLink reliabilityResponse timeThroughput12114.2620.9680.1485.38922117.8220.9640.1794.45233233.8520.9640.3424.61744342.2920.9710.5014.40054344.8280.9730.4644.97063254.8250.9550.7122.36373227.5280.9770.3004.92483229.8520.9650.3164.78194343.8520.9670.4804.737102117.8590.9860.1714.646114345.8520.9630.5323.785122128.9590.9600.2822.836133229.2980.9750.3094.951143256.5220.9660.6232.580152156.5620.9800.1864.286163229.2820.9680.2985.206173224.5630.9700.2934.707184346.5860.9650.4844.831193231.6550.9720.3294.665204346.5540.9690.4874.763212115.2590.9500.1555.129223226.2560.9570.2875.234233230.2560.9740.3164.856243229.6250.9730.3224.580254342.8570.9710.4574.746264344.6970.9650.4794.745


## 3.1. SOA Technical Architecture

SOA has specific characteristics that are fundamentally different from the way most large companies define architecture today. These capabilities are fully capable of adapting to faster changes and improving collaboration between business and enterprise IT. The IT service-based approach is changing the way we develop and deliver functionality. The functionality of the business needs to be considered, shared, and used at the same time. It reduces costs, speeds delivery, and improves IT’s ability to adapt to change. In addition to changing the way IT is invested and managed, a service-based approach also requires changes in the way functions are packaged and deployed. SOA also considers possible ways to perform service functions and how to manage and monitor these services.Evaluating SOA projects is different from evaluating traditional software projects. SOA emphasizes its benefits through various business-wide approaches. Optimizing business processes through shared services enables comprehensive innovation of “value opportunities” beyond traditional software projects. Building a strong business case for business innovation through SOA is a critical inflection point. Businesses need to realize that the initial investment in building an SOA project can bring many benefits. These benefits became more pronounced over time [7].


## 3.2. Implement SOA Steps

The implementation method of SOA in the enterprise should be divided into several levels according to the preparation of the enterprise for SOA, as shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Five levels of enterprise SOA readiness.The first layer is the current program resources, and the second layer is the component layer, where different components are used to summarize the basic functions of the system. The third layer is the most important service layer; in this layer, the basic elements that can be used to create the services required by different applications are used. The fourth layer of the service layer is the business process layer. In this case, the business process is integrated into the business organization using service development. The fifth layer is the presentation layer, which is located the business process layer. Use the presentation layer to provide user interface services that can be created using portal-based systems. Implementing the first five layers requires a supportive environment, as shown in Figure2 [8].Figure 2
SOA-layered model.


## 3.3. Overall Structure Design of Computer Network Fault Management System

Due to the constant changes in the size and configuration of network systems and the diversity of network devices, it is very important to improve the management quality and design of the network management system infrastructure. In the current web network management system, the application server manages network devices through the SNMP interface and performs almost all management tasks. As the size and complexity of the network increases, the load on the application server increases significantly, as does the network overhead provided by network management. Therefore, the article understands the distributed part of the network management process. In the system design, a domain control agent (I-net) is introduced to penetrate the star-shaped architecture and transform it into a hierarchical tree-shaped architecture, as shown in Figure3 [9].Figure 3
Star architecture vs. hierarchical tree architecture.The advantages of this architecture are as follows: large amounts of network bandwidth are wasted due to the need to continuously collect data. After adopting the layered system, the capture bandwidth of the capture network is reduced through efficient bandwidth data collection. If the system load is in balanced mode, system calibration can be improved and adjusted to accommodate changes in network size and complexity. The performance requirements of the network management workstation are not high. Using the concept of hierarchical tree structure, this paper designs a four-layer network vulnerability management system based on the web, including client layer, application server layer, domain management agent layer, and device agent layer. The system configuration diagram is shown in Figure4. In some designs, a database must be added to manage errors between the two, recording the large amount of data that advanced applications and domain control agents must analyze and process [10]. Architecting high-level applications is entirely database-based, laying the groundwork for future integration of smart modules into computer extensions.Figure 4
System structure diagram.


## 3.4. Particle Swarm Algorithm with Nonlinear Change of Inertia Weight

Flocks of birds prefind and spread feed during migration. They are always in contact with each other, and this mode of transmission is the exchange of information between individuals in social groups such as bees and ants. In the process of migrating from one place to another before finding a food source for a group of birds, birds always have a better understanding of smell and a better idea of the general direction of the food source. Therefore, under the guidance of this “gospel,” the birds finally “find” the food source, and the food source reaches the crowd. Flocks of birds migrate from one place to another, which is equivalent to the development of a settlement team. “Good news” and “comments” are the optimal solution for the development of food sources for each generation. The difference between particles and birds is that there can only be one bird at any point in space, while the number of particles can be more than one. Since the introduction of particle mass optimization, it has attracted the attention and research of many scholars in related fields all over the world due to its advantages such as fast calculation speed and easy implementation of algorithms. Research can be roughly divided into algorithm development, algorithm analysis, and algorithm application [11].The algorithm flow is shown in Figure5.Figure 5
Basic PSO algorithm flowchart.1 is the comparison of the results of the Schaffer function tests with different PSO methods when the number of particle swarms is 30.As can be seen from Table1, on the basis of all the best results, the average number of methods in the paper is again 104.10. The accuracy and repetition time of this study are much higher than other methods, and the maximum transformation limit and minimum repetition time are very low, indicating that the search performance is very consistent.Table 1
Comparison of function test results.
MethodOptimal solutionWorst solutionExcellent rateAverage number of iterationsVariation rangeVariation range PSO00.00350.90426.4586-1805Improve PSO——0.99273.07—Improve PSO0Trapped in local extrema0.92762.4047-4331Table2 compares the results of the rastergreen operation tested by different methods when the dimension is 20 and the number of particles is 30 [12].Table 2
Comparison of function test results.
MethodOptimal solutionWorst solutionExcellent rateAverage number of iterationsVariation rangeVariation range PSO1.989978.77850.891320.95743-1523Improve PSO——0.99187.91—Improve PSO——1.00179.30—Article method1.889120.85891.00476.20426-701Improve PSO29.769177——349.00—Article method1.191324.62991.00516.67451-826


## 3.5. The Basic Principle and Process of BP Neural Network

The BP network is a multilayer feed-forward neural network that uses the BP algorithm to correct the connection weights. Therefore, the BP algorithm is the core part of the network. The algorithm flow is as follows: the learning process includes two processes of forward signal propagation and backward error propagation. During forward expansion, the pattern acts on the input layer, and after passing through the output of the hidden layer, it is sent to the output layer. If the output signal is different from the latent signal, i.e., if there is an error, transfer the previous propagation process of the error from the output layer to the hidden layer and adjust the weights of each layer below according to the given formula. The process of continuously adjusting the level connection pressure is a network training (or training) process [13]. This process is repeated until the error requirement between the network output signal and the expected signal is met.The activation function of the input layer and the output layer can use a linear function and a sigmoid activation function. The activation function of the hidden layer generally adopts a sigmoid activation function, as shown in Figure6 [14].
(1)fx=x,fx=11+e−x.Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the neural network.The neuron output value is:(2)xkih=fukih,ukih=∑jwijhxkjh−1+θih.The error between the output layer and the actual output is:(3)et=xlh−yt,(4)E=12∑i=lmxlH−yt2=12∑l=imet2.Namely,(5)Δwij=−∂E∂wij,(6)Δθi=−∂E∂θi.Considering the learning rate, that is:(7)Δwij=−η∂E∂wij,(8)Δθi=η∂E∂θi.Therefore, the weight correction formula is:(9)wijt+1=wijt+Δwijt.The threshold correction formula is:(10)θijt+1=θijt+Δθijt.From the previous formula, we can get:(11)∂E∂wijh=∂E∂uijh∂uih∂wijh,∂E∂θijh=∂E∂uijh∂uih∂θijh,which results in:
(12)∂uih∂θijh=∂∑iwilhxlh−1+θih∂wih=xjh−1,∂uih∂θijh=∂∑iwilhxlh−1+θih∂wih=1,(13)Δwijh=−η∂E∂wijh=−η∂E∂uihxjh−1,(14)Δθih=−η∂E∂θih=−η∂E∂uih.It can be known from the previous formula (considering the sigmoid function):(15)∂E∂xih=∂E∂xiH=∂1/2∑l=1mxlH−yl2∂xiH=xiH−yi.Consider what the previous layer does to it:(16)∂E∂xih=∑l∂E∂ulh+1∂ulh+1∂xih,(17)∂E∂xih=∑l∂E∂ulh+1wlih+1.BP network is a relatively effective self-learning neural network, but it also has the following main problems, and it is easy to come up with a local minimalist. From the origin of the BP algorithm formula, the main idea of the BP algorithm is to modify the weight and the weight formula, both of which are adjusted according to the negative direction of the slope, which will inevitably make the algorithm faster. Starting from a minimal locale, the practical solution to a spatial problem is always a very complex multidimensional surface with many local minima. This greatly increases the chance of getting stuck in local minima. The number of structural nodes of BP network is difficult to determine, and there is no precise theoretical guidance, so it has great blindness. Convergence is also related to initial stress and threshold. Initial weights and criteria are usually random, which also makes the aggregation of the entire algorithm uncertain; learning algorithms are slow to converge and usually require tens of thousands or more iterations, because the BP algorithm uses the first-order weight derivative of the error function to guide the weight adjustment to reduce the final error. During the activation process, the strength of each adjustment of the network parameters is multiplied by a specific factorn. n is proportional to the strength or weight of the network error operation on its source. Therefore, if the fault curve is large, the area derivative value is large, and the adjustment range of the network parameters is large, resulting in the adjustment near the minimum point of error operation, which is difficult to change. At least this, to achieve algorithm ensemble, the learning rate x must be small. In this way, if the error content is relatively flat, the adjustment range of the network parameters is small due to the small partial derivative value [15]. Therefore, the surface of the error function must be changed many times to reduce the error, which is an important factor for the slow learning speed of the BP algorithm.The experimental data of the article is to use the application layer test software IxChariot60 to conduct the actual network online test. Start by doing a channel scan with NetworkStumbler and removing interference. Aiming at the situation that the speed fluctuates in WLAN at some moments, the experimental process adopts the scientific measurement method. Among them, the terminal whose IP address is 202207214.117 is used as the main console ChariotConsole. The measured data is shown in Table3 [16].Table 3
Measured data sample set.
Sample serial numberNetwork status parametersPerformanceNumber of nodesNumber of linksEnd-to-end delayLink reliabilityResponse timeThroughput12114.2620.9680.1485.38922117.8220.9640.1794.45233233.8520.9640.3424.61744342.2920.9710.5014.40054344.8280.9730.4644.97063254.8250.9550.7122.36373227.5280.9770.3004.92483229.8520.9650.3164.78194343.8520.9670.4804.737102117.8590.9860.1714.646114345.8520.9630.5323.785122128.9590.9600.2822.836133229.2980.9750.3094.951143256.5220.9660.6232.580152156.5620.9800.1864.286163229.2820.9680.2985.206173224.5630.9700.2934.707184346.5860.9650.4844.831193231.6550.9720.3294.665204346.5540.9690.4874.763212115.2590.9500.1555.129223226.2560.9570.2875.234233230.2560.9740.3164.856243229.6250.9730.3224.580254342.8570.9710.4574.746264344.6970.9650.4794.745


## 4. Examples and Simulations of the Combination of the SOM Method and the LM Method

The preprocessing of the input sample data by the neural network is necessary, and the most basic one is normalization. There are many types of normalization, such as maximum value normalization, standard deviation normalization, mean normalization, and range normalization, and preprocessing is a very difficult problem. Because people do not know the essence of the problem and they do not understand the problem, they do not know what kind of preprocessing method should be taken to achieve good results. Moreover, the actual problem sometimes has different normalization methods for each dimension of the problem, because the emphasis on each dimension is different, so different normalization methods are used. Preprocessing is an important factor in practical applications, which determines the quality of using neural networks. In practical applications, there are many sample attributes of the problem to be solved. For example, the test set data of the Orioles in the UCIrvine machine learning library contains 4 attributes. The input census test set data contains 14 attributes, the wine test set data contains 13 attributes, the car evaluation test set data contains 6 attributes, the forest fire test set data contains 13 attributes, and so on. These data not only have many sample attributes but also a huge number of samples. In order to save resources, we hope to represent the characteristics of the samples according to the least sample attributes. Thek-l transform is a good feature extraction method, which can play a role in dimensionality reduction. According to the working principle of radial basis function neural network, finding the basis center of the basis function is the key problem to build a simple, stable, and robust neural network. Usually, the basis center of the hidden layer node basis function is obtained by clustering, such as k-means clustering. In this paper, the fuzzy clustering analysis method based on k-l transform is used to obtain the base center of the neural network, which is not only efficient but also more accurate. In order to verify the validity and practicability of the fuzzy clustering analysis method, this paper applies the clustering analysis to the classification and identification of oil and water layers. Taking the logging stratigraphic data that has been sampled and verified in a certain area as an example, the superiority of the fuzzy clustering analysis method is illustrated. In order to reduce the dimensionality of the original cluster analysis data in order to reduce the amount of calculation, the data features are first extracted, and the method used in this paper is k-l transformation. The k-l transformation belongs to the mathematical transformation of the statistical characteristics of the data, and its covariance matrix is all 0 except for the diagonal, which can eliminate the correlation between the data and play the role of data compression, that is, dimensionality reduction [17]. Especially in classification problems, data features are often correlated with each other. When the amount of data is large, most of the data is actually of little value. At this time, reducing the number of features and reducing the dimension of the feature space can not only reduce the storage and computational complexity but also the classification results will be more accurate. The k-l transform is a reasonable comprehensive processing method. It can not only reduce the dimension of the number of features but also transform the originally correlated feature data into uncorrelated with each other without losing the information contained in the original features.After the neural network is established and trained using the sample data, the samples to be simulated are shown in Figure7.Figure 7
Simulation table.From the comparison of the results of fuzzy equivalent clustering and fuzzy clustering based on fuzzy partitioning with the well test results, the errors of the two methods and the actual results are generally low, and the coincidence rate reaches 87.5%, which is in good agreement. But both approaches have their own drawbacks. For example, when the former uses the transitive closure to obtain the fuzzy equivalence matrix, the amount of calculation is huge, and the fuzzy equivalence matrix obtained is more or less different from the original fuzzy similarity matrix. When the difference is large, the classification effect may be affected. The quality of the latter classification result depends on the selection of the parameterr. When r chooses a suitable algorithm to converge, the classification result is better; otherwise, the classification effect will be affected. Therefore, when adopting fuzzy clustering analysis method based on fuzzy partition, special attention should be paid to the value of parameter r. From this point of view, each cluster analysis method has its own unavoidable defects and limitations more or less. Therefore, when faced with specific problems, we should comprehensively consider the problems and select a reasonable cluster analysis method to solve practical problems.Usually, a supervised learning algorithm is used for network training, and the network weights are obtained through an error correction learning process. The pseudoinverse method or the least mean square algorithm can be used to obtain the weight information, and the gradient descent method can also be used to obtain the network weight by minimizing the objective function. The objective function here is the error function. However, the results obtained by the methods largely depend on the quality of the initial value. If the initialization is not good, the algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimum, which reduces the effect of weight optimization. Therefore, supervised learning has more or less defects in practical applications [18].Table4 shows the simulation results of the simulation sample data of Figure 7 using the SOM method and the LM method.Table 4
Simulation results.
B1B2B3B40.05450.02880.00140.99990.99980.00000.00000.00000.00000.99270.00060.00510.00080.00000.99410.03210.99520.00250.01140.00000.00010.99540.02340.00410.95240.01230.00010.00250.00250.00050.99990.02150.02350.94230.00000.00950.00020.00250.98410.00060.97870.00010.00210.06540.00020.99980.04500.0000The faults of the actual samples should be B4, B1, B2, B3, B1, B2, B1, B3, B2, B3, B1, and B2, respectively. It can be seen from the table that the simulation results are in good agreement with the actual sample faults.After the training of the difference analysis network, the prediction accuracy of the network is verified by 40 verification points, and the error statistics are shown in Figure8. It can be seen from the forecast results that the relative error of the forecast is mainly between 5% and 15%. When less than 15% are in line, the agreement rate of the prediction is 77.5%, of which the average agreement rate of predictions above 2 m is 88% [19].Figure 8
Error statistics table.Relatively fine-grained service interfaces are often used inside enterprise system architectures. Technically, a coarse-grained service interface might be the complete execution of a particular service, while a fine-grained service interface might be the specific internal operations that implement this coarse-grained service interface. For the system, coarse-grained services are service function modules such as public management, problem management, and knowledge management that are exposed to external users. The fine-grained services within the system are a series of internal services that implement these services, such as public management services, which are jointly completed by personnel management services and parameter management services. The personnel management service is completed by a series of more detailed services such as personnel settings, personnel resources, and personnel operation permissions. Inserting a mesh interface, while providing more precision and flexibility for service requests, refers to introducing more tightly controlled changes in the communication method, i.e., the method of service communication across different services, which may vary from request to request. If these easy-to-use service interfaces are exposed to external users of the system, it may be difficult for external service requesters to support switching the best service interface that a service provider can expose. A robust service interface ensures that service seekers continue to use the services exposed on the system [20].Obviously, the fitting error of the SVM model to the experimental training set is much smaller than that of the improved BP network model. Although the prediction error of the improved BP network model on the experimental test set is almost equal to that of the SVM model, its convergence time is 0.116695758 s (as shown in Figure9), and the convergence speed is much slower. Table 5 shows the fitting results of the SVM model and the improved BP network model on the experimental training set [21].Figure 9
The prediction results of the model and the improved network on the experimental test set.Table 5
Fitting results of the model and the improved network on the experimental training set.
Sample serial numberActual valuePSO optimizes BP fit valuesSVM fitted value110.999674696134880.9990000115751920.43880.438882729498550.43980005355404110.06560.065578726846070.06660008931484150.35450.354577659930240.35349948995948190.25820.258192086213900.25919994036338220.58690.586873282686900.58590006396051260.15340.153351476340530.15240037164116With the reduction of training samples, the fitting error of the improved BP network model to the experimental training set is close to that of the SVM model, but it is still two orders of magnitude lower. Although the prediction error of the improved BP network model on the experimental test set is still not much different from that of the SVM model, its convergence time is reduced to 90699885 s, and the convergence speed is much slower. Figure10 shows the fitting results of the SVM model and the improved BP network model on the experimental training set [22].Figure 10
Fitting results of the model and the improved network to the experimental training set.


## 5. Discussion

This paper mainly studies PSO and RBFNN, uses the global optimization ability of particle swarm to optimize the network structure, and forms a radial basis function artificial intelligence network for particle swarm optimization. In view of the shortcomings of particle swarm optimization itself, this paper improves the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm from three aspects: update formula, optimization method, and variation based on cognitive diversity. This paper uses the improved algorithm to build a neural network with simple structure, strong stability, and high robustness. The main contents include the origin, principle, improvement method, and research status of PSO. In this paper, the following improvements are made on the basis of standard particle swarm: the linearly decreasing inertia weight, the scissors distribution random function, and the Gaussian distribution random function are introduced into the updated formula, which enhances the research ability and growth potential in the early stage of adaptation. Cognitive strategies enhance the ability of algorithms to solve high-dimensional problems. Finally, this paper combines the cognitive diversity of particles and borrows the idea of genetic algorithm; individual adaptive mutation occurs with a special probability, which increases the survival of particles and the ability to change the local radical overall state [23].Benchmark function tests show that the improved particle mass optimization algorithm outperforms other algorithms. Its enhanced particle quality optimization algorithm for seismic wave resistance inversion problem, sample data, and real seismic data wave impedance results shows strong general detection ability, high contrast accuracy, and sound resistance. This paper introduces the relevant knowledge of radial basis functions, uses the fuzzy clustering analysis algorithm based onk-l variation to preprocess the network input samples, and provides the network with parameters such as the number of hidden layer nodes and the center and width of the basis function [24–26]. The practical application of oil-water layer classification and identification verifies that the method has the ability to provide accurate network parameters. Finally, this paper optimizes the output weights of the neural network with the improved optimization algorithm in the experiment and constructs a neural network with simple structure, strong stability, and high robustness. The prediction results of the standard test set data show that the particle swarm radial basis function artificial intelligence network is feasible and effective. At the same time, it also confirms that the network has practicality and good generalization ability in solving classification or recognition problems. The radial basis function neural network based on particle swarm optimization is applied to reservoir prediction. First, the attribute optimization is carried out, and the application effect of seismic attributes is analyzed. In the lateral prediction of sand body, the error analysis of sand body thickness is carried out, and the prediction results of each sand group are given. The article uses the standard test set function, standard test set data, and application examples to verify the particle swarm optimization algorithm and radial basis function neural network, but there is still room for improvement. The follow-up work will be carried out from the following aspects: the article only qualitatively mutates the individual optimality based on cognitive diversity, and the diversity can be monitored in real time through quantitative formulas. For example, transient diversity includes location diversity and velocity diversity, and velocity diversity includes velocity magnitude diversity and velocity direction diversity. It is also possible to quantitatively calculate the diversity of each dimension of N-dimensional particles. If the diversity of a certain dimension is small, it means that it is trapped in a local extreme value. In this case, operations such as noise addition or mutation need to be performed on that dimension. In this paper, a fuzzy clustering analysis method based on k-l transform is adopted for the preprocessing of the input attribute sample data by the neural network. Although this method has a good processing effect, it can accurately classify and identify the input sample data and provide reliable network parameters, but it has the disadvantage of a large amount of computation [27]. Therefore, finding a suitable preprocessing method to reduce the running time of the algorithm is still a follow-up research direction.


## 6. Conclusion

The implementation goal of introducing the SOA method in the development this time is to find suitable methods and means to establish an IT architecture suitable for on-demand in the enterprise. In practice, because we used the original system without modification, we used the short message interface module with high utilization rate of the original system and complete independent service functions. The method of encapsulating it into a short message service module that can be used by the new system enables users to intuitively understand the great advantage of SOA’s architecture method on the reuse of original resources. In the subsequent development process, users actively participate in the functional planning of the new system modules. It makes the newly developed module more suitable for actual use and also creates conditions for the reconstruction of the original system in the future. The rapid development of the modern network makes the maintenance and operation of the network more and more complicated and puts forward higher requirements for the operators and users. However, manual maintenance and diagnosis are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is impossible to detect and eliminate intermittent faults in time. Therefore, artificial intelligence technology is imperative to be used as an auxiliary tool for technicians. Therefore, the realization of the fault intelligent scheme, that is, the realization of the expert system knowledge base, the inference engine, etc., enables the fault management system to have certain analysis and reasoning capabilities. Its ability to analyze operating parameters and data to predict and troubleshoot network failures before users find them is the further work of the paper. At the same time, the existing functions of the system also need to be improved, such as how to further improve the communication between the domain management agent and the application server and the communication function between the domain management agents. It is worth discussing to realize the release and download from the application server and the automatic installation of the domain management agent, so that the system has a more powerful distributed characteristic. However, due to the constraints of the author’s level, equipment conditions, and the rush of time, the research done in this paper still has many deficiencies. On the basis of the existing research work, the work to be supplemented, improved, or perfected mainly includes the detailed decomposition of the function modules of the old system, and the improvement of the utilization rate of the original resources. The overall test work after the completed part has been added to the old system. SOA-based design approach enables developers and business units to jointly own highly reusable business systems. It can flexibly adapt to changes in user needs, and at the same time, user business changes can redefine service modules to support enterprise business reorganization. With the standardization of SOA standards, SOA will have better application prospects.



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*Source: 5332876-2022-05-12.xml*