# The Top-Level Design Strategy of “Curriculum Civics” in the New Era of Universities Based on Machine Learning under the Perspective of Communication Science

Authors: Zeye Chen; Xin Xia
Journal: Security and Communication Networks
 (2022)

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## Abstract

The application of this new teaching method in daily courses, as well as virtual practice teaching of ideological and political theory classes in colleges and universities, is conducive to improving the attractiveness, infectiousness, and effectiveness of ideological and political theory classes and breaking the new blueprint of ideological and political education teaching. This paper takes the research object of virtual practice teaching in college ideological and political theory classes, conducts a preliminary investigation of its research background, research purpose, and research significance, and develops a general understanding of virtual practice teaching’s application in ideological and political theory classes.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The core concept of artificial intelligence technology supported by big data and deep learning is to simulate the hierarchical cognitive structure and information processing mode of the human brain so that the machine can accurately grasp the complex cognitive laws in terms of knowledge representation, automatic reasoning, and search methods [1]. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence technology makes people enter a new intelligent era, and the integration of artificial intelligence technology into ideological and political education to create “intelligent thinking and government” is not only the need of the times but also a positive attempt of modern education reform, which is necessary and feasible [2].The integration of artificial intelligence technology into the entire process of ideological and political education is conducive to the development of “intelligent thinking and government” based on human-computer collaboration and interaction, highlighting the benefits of personalized education in modern education, effectively improving the work efficiency of ideological and political education teachers, and meeting the personalized development needs of educated people and a host of other benefits [3, 4]. The work efficiency of ideological and political educators is improved [5, 6]. The traditional ideological and political education mode takes up more time and energy for educators in lesson preparation and other aspects. Meanwhile, there is a relative lack of information resources and a single form of teaching display [7]. Unlike the traditional ideological and political education model, “intelligent ideological and political education” can free educators from the mechanized and programmed teaching process, so that teachers have more time to learn basic theoretical knowledge and collect teaching resources, which can effectively improve teachers’ teaching skills and teaching quality [8].The ideological and political education courses in colleges and universities are not only a carrier of basic theoretical knowledge, but more importantly, they also carry the important mission of transmitting correct values [9, 10]. Through big data technology, “Intelligent Thought and Politics” can calculate, process, and statistically analyze students’ professional knowledge background and learning reports and display the cognitive characteristics and learning situations of educated students with a visual dynamic model, allowing teachers to optimize teaching programs based on real-time data changes and carry out personalized teaching activities for different student groups [11, 12]. This further promotes teachers’ precise setting of teaching resources, teaching programs, and assessment standards, maximizing students’ needs for personalized development and truly implementing the educational concept of “teaching according to student’s abilities” in teaching [13].By enhancing the teaching effect of ideological and political education, the teaching mode incorporating artificial intelligence technology can replace the primitive and crude teaching management mode [14]. This is conducive to fully grasping the learning rules and cognitive characteristics of the educated and providing more accurate personalized services for the educated [15]. More importantly, the computability of artificial intelligence technology can accurately analyze the behavior and cognitive patterns of educated people, which provides more sufficient data support for the implementation of “intelligent thinking and government,” and this kind of benign interaction can help enhance the teaching effect of ideological and political education and make it more relevant and effective [16, 17].The research is organized as follows: Section2 analyzes some of the related work in this research. Section 3 discusses the construction of a virtual practice teaching platform for ideological and political theory classes. In Section 4, organic integration of ideological and political elements into decision tree learning was explored in depth. Section 5 discusses the simulation test. Finally, in Section 6, the research work is concluded.


## 2. Related Work

In recent years, China has made great achievements in the field of intelligent education, especially during the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, when the online education model was promoted on a large scale [18]. The policy of “stopping classes without stopping school” and the demand for education informatization from different levels of educated people have stimulated the deep potential of education intelligence and greatly promoted the development of modern intelligent education, while also triggering optimistic expectations in the education sector for the future trend toward comprehensive intelligence provides the endogenous power to deepen the change of education teaching mode and concept [19, 20]. Artificial intelligence technology in education has a 40-year history of promoting deep-level technological innovation in fields such as natural language processing, automatic translation, and automatic marking, providing a solid practical foundation for its application in the field of ideological and political education and assisting in the implementation and promotion of the “intelligent thinking and government” teaching model [21, 22]. For example, online education in primary and secondary schools mainly relies on platforms such as XiaozuSouQuan, Homework Help, and 51Talk, while online education in universities mainly relies on platforms such as XueXiTong and China University’s massive open online course (MOOC). In addition, intelligent products such as Xiaodu at home, Xiaoxiaoyou, and Alpha Egg have also started to enter ordinary people’s homes [23, 24]. The popularity of intelligent technology also indicates to a certain extent that the practical conditions of “intelligent thinking and government” are basically mature, and the intelligent transformation of ideological and political education teaching in colleges and universities has realistic and feasible conditions [25].


## 3. Constructing a Virtual Practice Teaching Platform for Ideological and Political Theory Classes

Educators use electronic information technology, digital media, multimedia tools, and other means to integrate teaching resources into the network and pass them to the educated in an interactive sharing way, as well as guide the educated to complete a series of practical teaching tasks through the network platform, in order to improve their enthusiasm for ideological and political theory classes, their understanding, and their ability to apply what they have learned. This is to improve their enthusiasm, understanding, and practical application of civic theory.In general, the construction of a virtual practice teaching platform relies on two important objective environments: one is the hardware facilities and configuration system that can ensure the smooth operation of the network and computer and the other is the interactive ideological and political science laboratory that can carry the platform for teachers and learning. It should be noted that the teaching platform is not a virtual space like a special website or an online course or resource library that can be browsed and accessed at will anytime and anywhere in class, but it is usually used for virtual practical classroom teaching of ideological and political theory courses. In the specially opened teaching practice site—Civic Science Laboratory, a series of ideological and political theory class teaching tasks are completed. The overall framework of the virtual practice teaching platform for ideological and political theory classes is shown in Figure1. The overall framework of the platform mainly consists of three parts: system administrators, teachers, and students: three different identities log in to their respective interfaces through the user management system, where system administrators are responsible for the daily maintenance and updating of the platform to ensure the coordinated operation of all modules within the platform; teachers verify their identities. After verifying their identities, teachers enter the teaching system to carry out daily teaching and student management; and then, students enter the learning system, learn and practice under the guidance of teachers, and complete course objectives and tasks.Figure 1
Structure of virtual practice teaching platform.Based on the overall framework of the virtual practice teaching platform, we can design and refine specific submodules under different role systems on this basis (the system manager-specific module system is not discussed here, which is mainly based on the teacher-student platform).First of all, the virtual practice teaching teacher platform module of the ideological and political theory course is shown in Figure2. The teacher platform module is mainly divided into three subsystems: application system, teaching system, and student management system. The application system contains three modules of dynamic release, research platform, and class creation center. The teaching system contains four modules: static teaching, dynamic teaching, interactive communication, and evaluation feedback. The student management system contains four modules: basic student information management, assignment management, grade management, and teaching evaluation management.Figure 2
Specific module structure of virtual practice teaching.


## 4. Organic Integration of Ideological and Political Elements into Decision Tree Learning

The fundamental decision tree method employs the simple and intuitive “divide and conquer” strategy, in which a problem is broken down into two or more subproblems of the same or related type until they can be solved easily and directly. Students are guided to understand that this is also true in learning life and that students should not easily retreat and give up when they encounter difficulties, but rather should decompose the problem according to their existing ability, starting from what they can do, and constantly optimize the solution to achieve the problem’s solution, cultivating the artisan spirit of students who do not give up and concentrate. In writing the decision tree algorithm, the programming software Python encapsulates a lot of ready-made functions.The decision tree algorithm is based on the example data, constructs a classification model from a set of irregular and nonsequential examples, and generates classification rules to classify and predict the unknown data. At present, the commonly used decision tree algorithms are ID3, C4.5, CART, etc. Among them, the C4.5 algorithm adopts the information gain rate as a measure based on the ID3 algorithm and adds “split information” to optimize the algorithm, which can handle both continuous data and discrete data and fragmented data. Therefore, this paper adopts the C4.5 algorithm to establish the decision tree model.Forming a rule of IF-THEN form: datasetD is defined as Si (i = 1, 2, …, m), and di is the subset of dataset D belonging to class Si, where di is the number of data tuples in subset Si. The average amount of information required to classify the samples in dataset D into m classes (information entropy, InfoD can be calculated by the following equation:(1)InfoD=−∑i=1mpilog2pi,where Pi is the nonzero probability that any sample data in dataset D is classified as a Si class, which is equal to the ratio of the number of samples classified as Si class di to the total number of samples in D. The information entropy of dividing the dataset D into V subsets according to attribute A is as follows:(2)InfoAD=∑j=1VDjDInfoDj.where Dj is the subset (j = 1, 2, …, V) of dataset D with attribute A taking value aj, and Dj/D is the weight of the jth subset. The smaller the value of InfoAD, the higher the purity of the subset.(1)
Calculate the information gain of datasetD for an attribute A.(3)GainA=InfoD−InfoDi.(2)
Gain (A) is the difference between dataset D’s category-based information demand and the partitioned subset’s information requirement based on attribute A in the equation.Calculate the amount of information divided by datasetD into V output partitions corresponding to the test attribute A, i.e., the amount of split information.(4)Split InfoAD=∑j=1VDjD×log2DjD.According to the information gain rate to generate the classification rules, the information gain rate calculation formula is as follows:(5)GainrationA=GainASplit InfoAD.


## 5. Simulation Test

For ideological and political theory courses, the virtual practice teaching teacher platform module is available. Personal space, course navigation, and ability augmentation are the three parts that make up the learning system. The personal space, as depicted in Figure3, is distinct from the student management system in the instructor system, which belongs to individual students and is a private digital area that only students have access to. Students can generate personal information and collect numerous resources of interest in their daily studies for convenient browsing, as well as record their learning experience and practical experience in their personal space. In the course navigation module, students can view the teaching plan, teaching requirements, and teaching content of this semester’s course to form a general understanding, and they can also view the course introduction of this lesson before class to carry out precourse prereading and then carry out revision and consolidation with the course navigation after class. After basic mastery of the course content and relevant theories, students can enter the ability enhancement module to carry out relevant practical abilities. In virtual practice teaching, besides requiring good absorption of theoretical knowledge for students, they also need to master certain practical abilities to successfully carry out various practical activities. In this module, students can learn the basic introduction as well as the specific process, ways, and means of the relevant activities (contextual experience, virtual tour, network research, etc.) that need to be conducted in advance. In addition, relevant materials are provided in this module to help students improve their essay writing ability and new media literacy ability to better adapt to virtual practice teaching.Figure 3
Test results.Situational experience is a practical activity carried out by teachers to test students’ mastery of relevant theoretical knowledge. After learning the relevant theoretical knowledge in class, students enter the practical experience module and follow the teacher to complete a series of teaching practice activities under their guidance to realize the unification of theory and practice. As shown in Figure4, after familiarizing with certain processes, it is also convenient for students to carry out independent practical activities on a daily basis to strengthen and consolidate their knowledge system and practical ability. Teachers often offer classroom and after-class assignments to understand students’ basic skills in order to represent their learning and practice effects. Students receive notifications of assignments from teachers, complete the tasks according to the requirements, upload them to this module for centralized management, and submit them to the teacher-side system for review and inspection in the practice assignment module. In addition, the quiz module is for students to enter the system to answer questions after receiving quiz orders from the teacher to understand their learning situation based on the feedback results, and to check for gaps and continue to improve [26, 27].Figure 4
Test results of different modules.Raise your hand to ask a question belongs to the interactive communication between teachers and students, in the classroom teaching process. If students encounter difficulties and doubts, they can click “raise your hand” to ask a question, after getting the teacher’s permission, the two can communicate individually online, interactive communication. This can eliminate the timidity and embarrassment of face-to-face communication between students and teachers and at the same time can identify students’ problems and give real-time help and guidance. The interactive discussion module is suitable for communication between students. In the process of classroom learning, in addition to the practical activities carried out alone, most of the time it is necessary to work together in teams to complete a task. As shown in Figure5, in this module, in addition to communication and collaboration, members of the group can also exchange learning materials and share learning experiences, thus realizing co-construction and sharing. The evaluation feedback system corresponds to the teacher’s evaluation management system. In this module, students reflect the problems in the classroom to the teacher, including the teaching content and teaching methods, and evaluate the teacher’s teaching behavior, so that the school and the teacher can intuitively understand the teaching quality and level, and finally form the purpose of “promoting teaching thorough evaluation.”Figure 5
Matrix of student interaction effects.After constructing the general framework of the platform and the specific framework for teachers and students, we need to further evolve its content system. The so-called content system of the virtual practice teaching platform for ideological and political theory courses refers to what kind of teaching content educators want to present to educated people using the platform; what kind of practice education they want to carry out using different virtual practice teaching methods; and how to carry out practice education. Simultaneously, teachers should choose from a variety of practical approaches to achieving a specific, reasonable, and operable content system based on the nature and characteristics of the course, in order to maximize the impact of using the virtual practical teaching platform for ideological and political theory classes. As a result, we can divide the five ideological and political theory courses into four different content systems based on their different teaching objectives, teaching content, and important and difficult points, as shown in Figure6:ideological and political theory course virtual practice teaching platform content system.Figure 6
Platform clustering and decomposition effect.


## 6. Conclusion

We can effectively implement the process of virtual practice teaching in ideological and political theory classes, promote the development of virtual practice teaching in ideological and political theory classes, and strengthen its effect and value by integrating teaching resources, innovating teaching contents, and constructing teaching platforms. On the one hand, teachers have a well-prepared “central kitchen” to make a pleasant, fragrant, and well-formed “ideological and political meal” for students in the process of implementing virtual practice teaching in ideological and political theory classrooms.



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