# Construction of an English Research Learning Model Based on Constructivism and Data Mining under a Cloud Computing Platform

Authors: Dongyang Xu
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

This paper attempts to explore and summarize the teaching activities of English research learning based on constructivism and data mining under the guidance of advanced teaching concepts and the support of cloud computing platforms and to explain the problems reflected in the practice of English research learning in the current environment. Constructing a teaching model based on constructivism and data mining on the cloud computing platform is a beneficial attempt to combine the new teaching design theory with teaching practice. Based on constructivist learning theory and data mining technology, combined with current English teaching practice, this paper discusses the integration of English research-based learning and data mining technology. Try to implement it in English teaching to improve English learners’ autonomous inquiry ability. The purpose is to promote students to form a positive learning attitude and good learning strategies and cultivate students’ innovative spirit and practical ability to adapt to the requirements of the times for talents. The combination of cloud computing technology and data mining has created a new English learning model, which can greatly improve the efficiency of English learning and provide a good reference for the English learning model.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The 21st century is an information age with the rapid growth of human knowledge and obvious acceleration of social rhythm, which requires higher comprehensive quality of people. The new curriculum reform aimed at paying attention to the “all-round” development of students has become a historical necessity [1]. We should not only study all our lives but also learn social practice and the application of knowledge. Passive acceptance may gain certain knowledge and skills, but it will lose more valuable things such as motivation, desire, and interest in learning [2]. Therefore, we must change the simple receiving learning method, introduce experiential learning and inquiry learning into our learning activities, and explore new learning methods that meet the needs of the times [3]. For many years, “deaf-mute English” and “exam-oriented English” have been a big problem that puzzles English teaching in China. As a result, some students’ learning enthusiasm is low, and they lack active exploration and thinking, let alone academic autonomy and innovation [4]. And being time-consuming and inefficient is a long-standing problem in English teaching. How to solve this problem and improve the quality of college English teaching has always been one of the hot spots in the college foreign language field. At present, to change students’ passive and single learning style, to make students become masters of learning, and to make students’ subjective consciousness, initiative, and creativity develop continuously, the way out lies in the combination of educational technology networking and other trends to carry out new learning methods, that is, to carry out research-based learning [5]. Research-based learning is a comprehensive practical course that requires students to identify research topics from their study life and social life and acquire knowledge and applied knowledge through independent inquiry in a way similar to scientific research [6]. Research learning based on constructivism and data mining is a hot topic in recent years.With the advent of the information age and the popularization of computer technology, the Internet has been widely used in all walks of life, and it also has a certain influence on education [7]. At present, with the deepening of curriculum reform and the continuous study and practice of new curriculum standards, how to treat and implement research-based learning in English teaching has become a problem that English teachers must pay attention to and study [8]. Knowledge is constructed by individuals rather than taught by others, according to constructivism theory and related cognitive theory, humanism theory, and social interaction theory, emphasizing the concept of being student-centered and student-centered learning [9]. The goal of research-based learning is to help learners return to the main body of learning and gain the motivation, ability, knowledge, and methods of lifelong learning in order to achieve learning autonomy [10]. We should change not only students’ learning methods but also teachers’ teaching methods, starting with research-based learning. Research-based learning emphasizes the logical order in which practical problems should be solved, as well as the development of thinking abilities, particularly creative thinking. Teachers in English classes should focus on the coordination and unity of the teacher’s leading role and the students’ main role in the teaching process, cultivate students’ autonomous learning and research learning abilities, promote the development of students’ practical ability and innovative thinking, and guide students to learn language knowledge and comprehend language functions by observing, discovering, summarizing, and practicing [11]. Based on constructivism theory, data mining methods, and instructional design, this paper discusses the research-based learning of English.In the current environment, the Internet makes learning resources infinitely expanded and extremely rich, and the connotation and extension of learning are fully expanded. The task of learning is no longer limited to acquiring knowledge in class, but the focus of learning shifts to learning how to learn and mastering learning methods [12]. Passive receptive learning turns to active exploratory learning and research learning, and students’ subjectivity is respected and developed. Constructivism theory puts forward a series of solutions to the theoretical and operational defects in the traditional teaching system [13]. Its core point is to provide students with enough thinking time and space to actively construct their own cognitive structure and cultivate their own creativity. This is in line with the guiding ideology of China’s current basic education [14]. It is one of the important tasks of the English course to make students develop good study habits and form effective learning strategies. Teachers should consciously strengthen the guidance of students’ learning strategies. Research-based learning focuses on changing students’ traditional learning style, building a relaxed and open learning environment for students, stimulating students’ interest in learning, cultivating students’ innovative spirit, and improving their autonomous learning and practical ability. English teaching is one of the important carriers of basic education reform. Integrating constructivism and data mining technology into English classroom teaching is of great significance for optimizing the English teaching process and promoting quality education. Based on constructivism and data mining [15], this paper constructs an English research learning model. Based on the analysis of English research learning objectives, this paper puts forward the implementation principles of English research learning and analyzes the teaching design of English research learning based on constructivism and data mining from five aspects: learning tasks, learning organization forms, basic learning steps, teaching organization forms, and teacher guidance strategies.


## 2. Related Work

According to Reference [16], constructivism elucidates the cognitive law of human learning, demonstrating how learning occurs, how learning is constructed, and the role of the learning environment in knowledge construction. Reference [17] examines data preprocessing technology, mining methods, mining processes, and commonly used implementation algorithms of each method against a background of basic theoretical knowledge of data mining technology. This paper examines the problems that exist in the main teaching links and the shortcomings of current work, the specific application requirements of data mining technology in the English teaching system, and the application of data mining methods suitable for different needs, in combination with the work of teaching management [18]. According to Reference [19], English classroom teaching should emphasize “reality” and “basic knowledge” in accordance with constructivism theory. Learners’ original cognitive structure can be altered by basic knowledge, making it easier to construct new knowledge. We can understand the current situation and existing problems of research-based learning in English teaching through classroom observation and teacher interviews, according to Reference [20]. In the classroom, we selectively communicate with learners to obtain first-hand information and design relevant questionnaires to better understand the application, existing problems, constraints, and other aspects of research-based learning teaching strategies in English teaching [21]. Reference [22] holds that research-based learning is the most important process of research and exploration. Reference [23] holds that web-based English research learning allows students to explore independently, find problems, and solve them. This not only creates an English learning environment for students but also exercises their comprehensive abilities of listening, speaking, reading, and writing and also makes students’ vision no longer limited to book knowledge and cultivates their creative thinking. Reference [24] holds that English research-based learning under the network environment is a kind of teaching innovation that pays attention to self-experience and self-exploration in the learning process and cultivates students’ innovative spirit and practical ability. Reference [25] discusses the English research-based learning model under the combination of network information and constructivism theory.The basic theory of English research-based learning and its role in research are discussed in this paper. This paper explains the meaning and theoretical foundation of research-based learning, as well as the characteristics and benefits of network-based subject research-based learning. Simultaneously, the practice’s conclusion is summarized, and the experience is presented as a resource for future teaching and research. Use advanced constructivism theory and data mining technology to improve the quality of English education in China, so that English education in China can progress at a rapid pace thanks to modern new technologies. At the same time, it will broaden China’s new approach to foreign language instruction.


### 2.1. Constructivism Theory and Data Mining Technology

At present, compared with the rapidly increasing number of students in school, the development of related matters such as teachers’ strength and teaching effect is particularly slow, and the teaching quality has gradually become the focus of people’s attention. The social benefits of scale and quantity expansion will get twice the result with half the effort [26]. Research-based learning, as a new learning method and concept, has been widely recognized by educators and theoretical workers at home and abroad and has been extensively tested and studied, which is of great significance for further deepening the reform of education and teaching.English is an important communication tool in human society as a language. With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the world has entered the information age, with unprecedented amounts of data flooding into all fields. Foreign language is an important means for individuals to survive in a fiercely competitive society as a tool for absorbing and exchanging information. It has become an essential tool for international communication and domestic development for the country. Foreign language learning and use have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives. Many aspects of data mining technology are well suited to the constructivist environment required for English learning, and the right mix of them can effectively promote students’ language cognition development. Network communication technology and multimedia technology are regarded as ideal cognitive tools to effectively promote the development of English teaching, given the rapid development of information technology.With the increasing number of students, the information of students keeps growing. There is a huge amount of data about students’ grades. Ordinary schools only exist in the database as simple data backup, which can only be simply queried and modified. However, there is no way to obtain the potential information about the connection between a large amount of data, the influence of grades among various courses, and the influence of grades on students’ employment. In data mining algorithms, classification is one of the most important problems with a wide range of applications. It is a process of discovering the common characteristics of data objects belonging to the same class. Its purpose is to construct an accurate classifier by analyzing the characteristics of training data sets, which can be used to judge the class of samples with unknown classes. Data mining technology is one of the most advanced and active research topics in many disciplines, especially in the database field. It can extract effective, implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from large-scale databases.Data mining is not a simple formula application process from data to model and then from model to result, but a process of reciprocating and improving step by step. There is no universal data mining tool, and it is frequently necessary to combine a number of tools to meet the needs of mining. Select the appropriate data mining technology after determining the mining task. Classification models, for example, are frequently realized using supervised neural networks or inductive techniques. Techniques for clustering analysis are commonly used, and so on. Many effective data mining methods have been applied to the actual system at this time, resulting in a strong theoretical foundation and technical support for knowledge base mining in intelligent teaching systems. A systematic method for establishing a classification model based on input data is classification technology. That is, classification determines a category’s conceptual description and builds a model based on that description, a classification model. A classification model can be used to explain the differences between objects in different classes, and it can also be used to predict the class label of unknown records. Data mining uses the selected algorithm or algorithm combination to search repeatedly in the pattern space and extracts hidden and novel patterns from the data set, which is the core step of information mining. The data mining process is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Data mining process.Research-based learning has the characteristics of development, inquiry, and practice. Research-based learning is a learning process in which teachers and students jointly explore new knowledge, and it is also a process of mutual cooperation and communication in which teachers and students jointly complete a series of activities such as determination of research content, selection of methods, and solving problems around the problems to be solved. This requires teachers not only to impart book knowledge to students but also to guide students to experience, practice, and explore in the process of educational practice, so as to induce and cultivate students’ creative learning motivation and develop them into creative talents. Due to the separation from subject teaching, the implementation of research courses is restricted. In terms of putting forward research topics, from the reality point of view, many students either cannot put forward topics or the proposed topic is too big and inappropriate, which leads to the impossibility of implementation. When students choose research topics, they often pay attention to the hot issues in today’s society. There are too many similar topics in the same school, which lacks the diversity of problems. Based on constructivism theory, language learning always comes into being in a certain social and cultural background. It is best for language learners to communicate in the real language environment in order to build their own language knowledge system. Real contact with English culture is of great help to English acquisition.Today’s and tomorrow’s talent should learn to work with people from a variety of social backgrounds, cultural backgrounds, and policy systems, as well as how to survive and develop in a diverse world. As a result, in order to gain an advantage in international competition, Chinese citizens must improve their English skills. For today’s talents, learning and mastering a foreign language, particularly English, are a must. With the deepening of reform and opening up, as well as the deeper integration of the WTO, cultivating international talents will become a difficult historical responsibility of the Chinese education circle, particularly in the field of foreign language education. Traditional teaching is a one-way goal teaching mode, with the end of learning as the teaching goal. Teaching should be aimed at cultivating students’ ability to inquire and innovate, according to constructivist teaching theory, and teaching and learning are mutually reinforcing cyclic processes. Therefore, the setting of teaching objectives should be flexible and open, and learners can construct their own learning objectives from their own learning needs. The research learning process is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Research learning process.An important proposition of constructivism teaching theory is social interaction theory. Social interaction theory emphasizes that people’s learning and development take place in the interaction with others, especially in language learning, which emphasizes the cooperation, communication, and interaction between teachers and students and between students themselves. Constructivism holds that knowledge is constructed by learners in a specific situation, such as a social and cultural context, with the assistance of others, using appropriate learning materials and constructing meaning. Learning and development are activities that require social cooperation. This is not a skill that can be taught. Learners create their own knowledge, which is not passed down from one generation to the next. That is to say, a person’s cognitive development is intertwined with his or her learning process. Instead of passively accepting and storing the information input from outside, learners assimilate, adapt, and construct the new knowledge they are learning on the basis of the original cognitive structure. Therefore, this is the theoretical foundation of English research study.


### 2.2. English Research-Based Learning Model Construction

Under the concept of the new curriculum standard, English teachers are no longer just a simple preacher, teacher, and puzzle solver, but a promoter, organizer, and guide in students’ learning. Therefore, teachers must constantly learn new English language knowledge and social, scientific, geographical, historical, and psychological background knowledge to improve their comprehensive quality. In the process of implementing English research study, a new cooperative teacher-student relationship will be established between teachers and students. Research-based learning is one of the widely concerned learning modes at present. With the help of teachers, it enables students to select research topics from their own study, social life, nature, and human development and actively acquire knowledge, apply knowledge, and acquire the ability to solve problems by exploring. Teachers’ task is to help students cultivate scientific spirit and cultivate innovative talents with scientific and humanistic spirit.The knowledge base is mainly composed of knowledge point attribute database, knowledge tree database, and test question bank. The knowledge point library is a collection of teaching contents from the teaching system that is organized in a tree structure according to courses, chapters, sections, and so on, with knowledge points numbered in order of chapter. Facts, concepts, rules, theorems, definitions, and solutions are all examples of knowledge points. The purpose of the topic is to create situations in which students can anticipate what they will learn. And use a variety of methods to pique students’ interest in research and learning so that they can choose the topics that interest them. Students will define their learning goals and tasks after deciding on a research topic. Teachers should provide students with as much time, space, and opportunities as possible in the classroom so that they can feel and experience the knowledge introduced in the text through self-study, self-help, and self-enlightenment. English research-based learning with information technology can really maximize the benefits of computer network media and help students understand what they are learning. It can provide the biggest stage for students to show their talents and enjoy success. It can also cultivate learners’ information literacy, information ability, and social communication skills. The confidence level ofX⇒Y represents the ratio of the number of transactions containing both X and Y to the number of all transactions containing X, namely:
(1)ConfidenceX⇒Y=SupportX⇒YSupportX=PYX.


### 2.3. Confidence Describes the Reliability of Rules

The purpose of research-based learning is to change the traditional teaching mode of “teacher-centered, textbook-centered, and knowledge-centered” and advocate students’ ability of “autonomous learning, inquiry learning, and cooperative learning.” Assignments encourage students to carry out research study. To achieve the overall goal of English teaching, we must follow the characteristics of English teaching and ensure the formation of students’ comprehensive language use ability, and the change of teaching and learning methods is fundamental. Knowledge points are divided into three categories in the system to aid reasoning: basic knowledge points, improved knowledge points, and supplementary knowledge points. The contents that students must master are known as basic knowledge points. Students can choose to learn to improve knowledge points and supplement knowledge points based on reasoning results if they meet the teaching objectives and requirements through testing after learning the basic knowledge points. English learners are encouraged to monitor their own learning process, learn to make choices and decisions in the learning process, and constantly reflect, adjust, and achieve their established goals in the learning process in order to improve metacognitive ability and develop the habit of lifelong learning. According to constructivism theory, knowledge is not acquired by teachers, but rather by learners themselves in specific situations, with the assistance of others, through the use of necessary learning materials and through the construction of meaning.In the actual system, our evaluation of students’ cognitive ability mainly considers three aspects: memorization, comprehension, and application. In order to objectively evaluate students’ abilities in these three aspects, we have set up the corresponding weighting levels for each question to examine memorization, comprehension, and application. The weight matrix isRij (i represents the number of questions and j represents the ability component). At the same time, the student’s test result vector Ti is composed of the student’s answer. If the question is answered correctly, the corresponding vector value is 1; otherwise, it is 0.
(2)R=r11r12r13r21r22r23⋯⋯⋯ri1ri2ri3,T=t1,t2,⋯,ti.In this way, each cognitive ability score can be calculated by the following formula.(3)Aj=∑i=1mti⋅rij∑i=1mrij.At the same time, since teachers’ evaluation information for students is often ambiguous, we also need to fuzzify the evaluation results. Here, we fuzzify the students’ cognitive ability numerically into five levels, namely:P=low,low,−fair,high,high, and stipulates
(4)Aj∈0,0.2Low,Aj∈0.2,0.4Lower,Aj∈0.4,0.6Commonly,Aj∈0.6,0.8Higher,Aj∈0.8,1High.Before each group starts to perform the task, the teacher can guide the students how to find it. Once the topic of inquiry is determined, students can have a clear purpose. Following the completion of tasks, teachers should assist students in selecting subtopics that are appropriate for them and remind them of the importance of employing scientific research methods. Teachers should assist students in understanding the most recent developments in relevant research by collecting relevant data, so that students can understand the analysis problem from multiple perspectives, and discuss with students the rationality and adaptability of the goal and form a teaching that both teachers and students agree on and objectives to determine specific research plans. Teachers preset the resources students will need for research study around the task in the resource module. Inquiry is a prominent manifestation of research-based learning. The most crucial aspect of the inquiry process is its design and organization.Assuming a setS with s data samples, the class label attribute is a training data set with n classes of samples, and the number of instances of each class of samples is Si; then, the amount of information I required to classify them is
(5)IS1,S2,⋯,Sn=−∑i=1nPilog2Pi,where Pi=Si/S represents the probability that any sample belongs to class Ci. Assuming that attribute Acan take different values a1,a2,⋯,av, when attribute A is used as a node of the decision tree, it will divide the corresponding data set S into v subsets S1,S2,⋯,Sv. Let Sij be the number of samples of Ci in the subset Sj; then, the entropy of the subset divided by A is defined as
(6)EA=∑i=1vS1j+S2j+⋯+SmjSIS1j,S2j,⋯,Smj.Among them,S1j+S2j+⋯+Smj/S is the weight of the jth subset, corresponding to the given subset Sj:
(7)IS1j,S2j,⋯,Smj=−∑i=1mpijlog2pij,where pij=sij/Sj is the probability that the samples in Sj belong to Ci. Then, choose A as the judgment attribute; then, the information gain of A relative to the sample set S is defined as
(8)GainS,A=IS1,S2,⋯,Sn−EA.Generally, the maximum information gainGainS,A value is selected as the splitting attribute.In order to facilitate teachers to update the attributes of knowledge points, we separately build the database of the attributes of knowledge points, such as the course, chapter, type, difficulty, importance, and required mastery, so that the system can dynamically generate corresponding control options to meet the needs of different courses. Division of labor and cooperation are crucial in the research-based learning process. The division of labor encourages each team member to pursue his or her own interests. Because of the problem’s rich connotation, all students have the opportunity to investigate independently; each member contributes ideas and efforts toward the common goal. As a result, it is crucial to define the group’s division of labor and assign responsibilities to each member so that everyone can participate in learning activities. For established topics, research-based learning necessitates a full discussion and various explanations. The students began the second round of online group discussion based on the collected data. This round of debate is not only lively, but also in-depth. Most of them have their own points of view and arguments, and they express them first. They can also examine other people’s perspectives from various perspectives, resulting in a more mature understanding.In addition to the subjects that students have already studied, the result information table also stores the information of students’ course selection, which is mainly distinguished by the result field. Combine self-evaluation with mutual evaluation to realize communication and sharing. The evaluation of students’ learning process and effect also achieves the diversity of evaluation subjects, evaluation means and evaluation methods. Students’ self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, evaluation of the group and evaluation of each member of the group, qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation are adopted. Teachers should design corresponding evaluation schemes according to different inquiry types and topics, including different evaluation standards, evaluation methods and expression ways of evaluation results. The content of evaluation must be consistent with the learning goal. Constructivism theory emphasizes that learners must give full play to their personal initiative and autonomy to achieve the learning purpose of meaning construction. English cooperative learning is a kind of teaching strategy in English teaching, which is student-centered, group-based, learning together for common learning goals, mutual promotion and common improvement.


## 2.1. Constructivism Theory and Data Mining Technology

At present, compared with the rapidly increasing number of students in school, the development of related matters such as teachers’ strength and teaching effect is particularly slow, and the teaching quality has gradually become the focus of people’s attention. The social benefits of scale and quantity expansion will get twice the result with half the effort [26]. Research-based learning, as a new learning method and concept, has been widely recognized by educators and theoretical workers at home and abroad and has been extensively tested and studied, which is of great significance for further deepening the reform of education and teaching.English is an important communication tool in human society as a language. With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the world has entered the information age, with unprecedented amounts of data flooding into all fields. Foreign language is an important means for individuals to survive in a fiercely competitive society as a tool for absorbing and exchanging information. It has become an essential tool for international communication and domestic development for the country. Foreign language learning and use have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives. Many aspects of data mining technology are well suited to the constructivist environment required for English learning, and the right mix of them can effectively promote students’ language cognition development. Network communication technology and multimedia technology are regarded as ideal cognitive tools to effectively promote the development of English teaching, given the rapid development of information technology.With the increasing number of students, the information of students keeps growing. There is a huge amount of data about students’ grades. Ordinary schools only exist in the database as simple data backup, which can only be simply queried and modified. However, there is no way to obtain the potential information about the connection between a large amount of data, the influence of grades among various courses, and the influence of grades on students’ employment. In data mining algorithms, classification is one of the most important problems with a wide range of applications. It is a process of discovering the common characteristics of data objects belonging to the same class. Its purpose is to construct an accurate classifier by analyzing the characteristics of training data sets, which can be used to judge the class of samples with unknown classes. Data mining technology is one of the most advanced and active research topics in many disciplines, especially in the database field. It can extract effective, implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from large-scale databases.Data mining is not a simple formula application process from data to model and then from model to result, but a process of reciprocating and improving step by step. There is no universal data mining tool, and it is frequently necessary to combine a number of tools to meet the needs of mining. Select the appropriate data mining technology after determining the mining task. Classification models, for example, are frequently realized using supervised neural networks or inductive techniques. Techniques for clustering analysis are commonly used, and so on. Many effective data mining methods have been applied to the actual system at this time, resulting in a strong theoretical foundation and technical support for knowledge base mining in intelligent teaching systems. A systematic method for establishing a classification model based on input data is classification technology. That is, classification determines a category’s conceptual description and builds a model based on that description, a classification model. A classification model can be used to explain the differences between objects in different classes, and it can also be used to predict the class label of unknown records. Data mining uses the selected algorithm or algorithm combination to search repeatedly in the pattern space and extracts hidden and novel patterns from the data set, which is the core step of information mining. The data mining process is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Data mining process.Research-based learning has the characteristics of development, inquiry, and practice. Research-based learning is a learning process in which teachers and students jointly explore new knowledge, and it is also a process of mutual cooperation and communication in which teachers and students jointly complete a series of activities such as determination of research content, selection of methods, and solving problems around the problems to be solved. This requires teachers not only to impart book knowledge to students but also to guide students to experience, practice, and explore in the process of educational practice, so as to induce and cultivate students’ creative learning motivation and develop them into creative talents. Due to the separation from subject teaching, the implementation of research courses is restricted. In terms of putting forward research topics, from the reality point of view, many students either cannot put forward topics or the proposed topic is too big and inappropriate, which leads to the impossibility of implementation. When students choose research topics, they often pay attention to the hot issues in today’s society. There are too many similar topics in the same school, which lacks the diversity of problems. Based on constructivism theory, language learning always comes into being in a certain social and cultural background. It is best for language learners to communicate in the real language environment in order to build their own language knowledge system. Real contact with English culture is of great help to English acquisition.Today’s and tomorrow’s talent should learn to work with people from a variety of social backgrounds, cultural backgrounds, and policy systems, as well as how to survive and develop in a diverse world. As a result, in order to gain an advantage in international competition, Chinese citizens must improve their English skills. For today’s talents, learning and mastering a foreign language, particularly English, are a must. With the deepening of reform and opening up, as well as the deeper integration of the WTO, cultivating international talents will become a difficult historical responsibility of the Chinese education circle, particularly in the field of foreign language education. Traditional teaching is a one-way goal teaching mode, with the end of learning as the teaching goal. Teaching should be aimed at cultivating students’ ability to inquire and innovate, according to constructivist teaching theory, and teaching and learning are mutually reinforcing cyclic processes. Therefore, the setting of teaching objectives should be flexible and open, and learners can construct their own learning objectives from their own learning needs. The research learning process is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Research learning process.An important proposition of constructivism teaching theory is social interaction theory. Social interaction theory emphasizes that people’s learning and development take place in the interaction with others, especially in language learning, which emphasizes the cooperation, communication, and interaction between teachers and students and between students themselves. Constructivism holds that knowledge is constructed by learners in a specific situation, such as a social and cultural context, with the assistance of others, using appropriate learning materials and constructing meaning. Learning and development are activities that require social cooperation. This is not a skill that can be taught. Learners create their own knowledge, which is not passed down from one generation to the next. That is to say, a person’s cognitive development is intertwined with his or her learning process. Instead of passively accepting and storing the information input from outside, learners assimilate, adapt, and construct the new knowledge they are learning on the basis of the original cognitive structure. Therefore, this is the theoretical foundation of English research study.


## 2.2. English Research-Based Learning Model Construction

Under the concept of the new curriculum standard, English teachers are no longer just a simple preacher, teacher, and puzzle solver, but a promoter, organizer, and guide in students’ learning. Therefore, teachers must constantly learn new English language knowledge and social, scientific, geographical, historical, and psychological background knowledge to improve their comprehensive quality. In the process of implementing English research study, a new cooperative teacher-student relationship will be established between teachers and students. Research-based learning is one of the widely concerned learning modes at present. With the help of teachers, it enables students to select research topics from their own study, social life, nature, and human development and actively acquire knowledge, apply knowledge, and acquire the ability to solve problems by exploring. Teachers’ task is to help students cultivate scientific spirit and cultivate innovative talents with scientific and humanistic spirit.The knowledge base is mainly composed of knowledge point attribute database, knowledge tree database, and test question bank. The knowledge point library is a collection of teaching contents from the teaching system that is organized in a tree structure according to courses, chapters, sections, and so on, with knowledge points numbered in order of chapter. Facts, concepts, rules, theorems, definitions, and solutions are all examples of knowledge points. The purpose of the topic is to create situations in which students can anticipate what they will learn. And use a variety of methods to pique students’ interest in research and learning so that they can choose the topics that interest them. Students will define their learning goals and tasks after deciding on a research topic. Teachers should provide students with as much time, space, and opportunities as possible in the classroom so that they can feel and experience the knowledge introduced in the text through self-study, self-help, and self-enlightenment. English research-based learning with information technology can really maximize the benefits of computer network media and help students understand what they are learning. It can provide the biggest stage for students to show their talents and enjoy success. It can also cultivate learners’ information literacy, information ability, and social communication skills. The confidence level ofX⇒Y represents the ratio of the number of transactions containing both X and Y to the number of all transactions containing X, namely:
(1)ConfidenceX⇒Y=SupportX⇒YSupportX=PYX.


## 2.3. Confidence Describes the Reliability of Rules

The purpose of research-based learning is to change the traditional teaching mode of “teacher-centered, textbook-centered, and knowledge-centered” and advocate students’ ability of “autonomous learning, inquiry learning, and cooperative learning.” Assignments encourage students to carry out research study. To achieve the overall goal of English teaching, we must follow the characteristics of English teaching and ensure the formation of students’ comprehensive language use ability, and the change of teaching and learning methods is fundamental. Knowledge points are divided into three categories in the system to aid reasoning: basic knowledge points, improved knowledge points, and supplementary knowledge points. The contents that students must master are known as basic knowledge points. Students can choose to learn to improve knowledge points and supplement knowledge points based on reasoning results if they meet the teaching objectives and requirements through testing after learning the basic knowledge points. English learners are encouraged to monitor their own learning process, learn to make choices and decisions in the learning process, and constantly reflect, adjust, and achieve their established goals in the learning process in order to improve metacognitive ability and develop the habit of lifelong learning. According to constructivism theory, knowledge is not acquired by teachers, but rather by learners themselves in specific situations, with the assistance of others, through the use of necessary learning materials and through the construction of meaning.In the actual system, our evaluation of students’ cognitive ability mainly considers three aspects: memorization, comprehension, and application. In order to objectively evaluate students’ abilities in these three aspects, we have set up the corresponding weighting levels for each question to examine memorization, comprehension, and application. The weight matrix isRij (i represents the number of questions and j represents the ability component). At the same time, the student’s test result vector Ti is composed of the student’s answer. If the question is answered correctly, the corresponding vector value is 1; otherwise, it is 0.
(2)R=r11r12r13r21r22r23⋯⋯⋯ri1ri2ri3,T=t1,t2,⋯,ti.In this way, each cognitive ability score can be calculated by the following formula.(3)Aj=∑i=1mti⋅rij∑i=1mrij.At the same time, since teachers’ evaluation information for students is often ambiguous, we also need to fuzzify the evaluation results. Here, we fuzzify the students’ cognitive ability numerically into five levels, namely:P=low,low,−fair,high,high, and stipulates
(4)Aj∈0,0.2Low,Aj∈0.2,0.4Lower,Aj∈0.4,0.6Commonly,Aj∈0.6,0.8Higher,Aj∈0.8,1High.Before each group starts to perform the task, the teacher can guide the students how to find it. Once the topic of inquiry is determined, students can have a clear purpose. Following the completion of tasks, teachers should assist students in selecting subtopics that are appropriate for them and remind them of the importance of employing scientific research methods. Teachers should assist students in understanding the most recent developments in relevant research by collecting relevant data, so that students can understand the analysis problem from multiple perspectives, and discuss with students the rationality and adaptability of the goal and form a teaching that both teachers and students agree on and objectives to determine specific research plans. Teachers preset the resources students will need for research study around the task in the resource module. Inquiry is a prominent manifestation of research-based learning. The most crucial aspect of the inquiry process is its design and organization.Assuming a setS with s data samples, the class label attribute is a training data set with n classes of samples, and the number of instances of each class of samples is Si; then, the amount of information I required to classify them is
(5)IS1,S2,⋯,Sn=−∑i=1nPilog2Pi,where Pi=Si/S represents the probability that any sample belongs to class Ci. Assuming that attribute Acan take different values a1,a2,⋯,av, when attribute A is used as a node of the decision tree, it will divide the corresponding data set S into v subsets S1,S2,⋯,Sv. Let Sij be the number of samples of Ci in the subset Sj; then, the entropy of the subset divided by A is defined as
(6)EA=∑i=1vS1j+S2j+⋯+SmjSIS1j,S2j,⋯,Smj.Among them,S1j+S2j+⋯+Smj/S is the weight of the jth subset, corresponding to the given subset Sj:
(7)IS1j,S2j,⋯,Smj=−∑i=1mpijlog2pij,where pij=sij/Sj is the probability that the samples in Sj belong to Ci. Then, choose A as the judgment attribute; then, the information gain of A relative to the sample set S is defined as
(8)GainS,A=IS1,S2,⋯,Sn−EA.Generally, the maximum information gainGainS,A value is selected as the splitting attribute.In order to facilitate teachers to update the attributes of knowledge points, we separately build the database of the attributes of knowledge points, such as the course, chapter, type, difficulty, importance, and required mastery, so that the system can dynamically generate corresponding control options to meet the needs of different courses. Division of labor and cooperation are crucial in the research-based learning process. The division of labor encourages each team member to pursue his or her own interests. Because of the problem’s rich connotation, all students have the opportunity to investigate independently; each member contributes ideas and efforts toward the common goal. As a result, it is crucial to define the group’s division of labor and assign responsibilities to each member so that everyone can participate in learning activities. For established topics, research-based learning necessitates a full discussion and various explanations. The students began the second round of online group discussion based on the collected data. This round of debate is not only lively, but also in-depth. Most of them have their own points of view and arguments, and they express them first. They can also examine other people’s perspectives from various perspectives, resulting in a more mature understanding.In addition to the subjects that students have already studied, the result information table also stores the information of students’ course selection, which is mainly distinguished by the result field. Combine self-evaluation with mutual evaluation to realize communication and sharing. The evaluation of students’ learning process and effect also achieves the diversity of evaluation subjects, evaluation means and evaluation methods. Students’ self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, evaluation of the group and evaluation of each member of the group, qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation are adopted. Teachers should design corresponding evaluation schemes according to different inquiry types and topics, including different evaluation standards, evaluation methods and expression ways of evaluation results. The content of evaluation must be consistent with the learning goal. Constructivism theory emphasizes that learners must give full play to their personal initiative and autonomy to achieve the learning purpose of meaning construction. English cooperative learning is a kind of teaching strategy in English teaching, which is student-centered, group-based, learning together for common learning goals, mutual promotion and common improvement.


## 3. Result Analysis and Discussion

Research-based learning is where research groups are formed to carry out learning and inquiry activities in the form of group cooperation. Generally, the research group consists of several people, and the students themselves choose their classmates with strong research and organization ability as the team leader. Members of the research group are divided and combined, each of them has its own strengths, and they cooperate and complement each other. Research-based learning model based on problem solving is a kind of learning activity based on resource utilization, and the utilization of network resources is the main means to carry out this learning activity. Therefore, students’ attitudes towards the network and environment will directly affect the teaching effect of this study. Learning-centered instructional design does not exclude the guiding role of teachers. In the process of autonomous learning, students usually ask learners to decide their own strategies to solve problems, and teachers can help learners make the best use of their cognitive resources and knowledge and make appropriate decisions. Inference engine is a program or a group of programs, which is used to control and coordinate the operation of rule base and comprehensive database, including reasoning methods and control strategies. The role of control strategy is to determine what rules to choose or how to apply them.In order to understand teachers’ understanding and practical application of research-based learning in English teaching, this paper uses interview method to test. In order to ensure the authenticity and effectiveness of the interview, face-to-face interview is adopted. Teachers are invited to express their true views, feelings and experiences on the actual situation of research-based learning in English teaching. The interviewees can freely answer according to their own teaching situation. The statistics of teacher interview results are shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Statistical chart of teacher interview results.It can be seen that in terms of the support and assistance of teaching resources, the hardware support and technical support required by teachers are insufficient, both of which directly restrict the development of research-based learning. On the whole, although constrained by the traditional exam-oriented education, most teachers are still willing to adopt the new teaching method of research-based learning.The rule base is the heart of an expert system, and it also serves as the foundation for solving problems in a general production system. The integrity and unity of knowledge, the accuracy and flexibility of knowledge expression, and the rationality of knowledge organization are all factors that have a direct impact on the production system’s performance and efficiency. To make the guidance more effective, teachers should organize collaborative learning under the best conditions possible and guide the collaborative learning process so that it develops in a way that promotes meaning construction. In the discussion, try to lead the problem step by step to the depths to deepen students’ understanding of what they have learned; it is necessary to inspire and induce students to discover the law on their own, to correct mistakes, or to supplement one-sided understanding on their own. In order to verify the feasibility of this method, we carry out experiments. Through data analysis, the trend of students’ learning enthusiasm before and after using this English research learning model is obtained, as shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Comparison of students’ learning enthusiasm trends.It can be seen from Figure4 that the students’ learning enthusiasm has been significantly improved after using this English research learning model. It proves the feasibility of this method. There are many strategies for conflict resolution. We use the method of sorting rules, and set the priority for each rule in the rule table. Therefore, when there are multiple rules in conflict, the rule with the highest priority can be selected for reasoning, and the priority is given by the teaching expert. For the convenience of research, firstly, integrate the data, extract the English scores from the original data table above, and finally store them in the same file. The main reason for the problem that one course corresponds to multiple scores in the system is that some students failed in the first exam of the subject, which led to retake or make-up exams later, so that there is a problem that the scores of the first exam and retake or make-up exams exist at the same time. For the sake of authenticity and objectivity of the study, the results of the first exam are selected as the main ones in this example, and the results of retaking and making-up exams are not considered. To verify the practicability of this method, the students’ English scores before and after using this English research learning model are compared. After data integration and analysis, the following result change chart is obtained, as shown in Figure 5.Figure 5
Change chart of students’ English scores.From the trend of lines, it can be seen that students’ scores are better after using this English research-based learning model, and the improvement of students’ scores is larger than before. It is proved that this model is practical, and its effect model. Teacher-led teaching process refers to the teaching suggestions automatically generated for students through productive system reasoning according to students’ current learning and cognitive state. Student-centered individualized teaching process is the process of teacher’s control over students’ learning. When a student asks to learn a certain knowledge point, the system generates corresponding teaching control by detecting whether the current learning situation of the student meets the requirements. There are many factors that affect the whole teaching process of teachers. In addition to the objective factors such as teachers’ gender, age, education, professional title and hardware conditions, the factors such as teachers’ teaching methods, teaching attitudes and teaching contents may have a direct impact on the final teaching effect. The teaching management system stores a lot of similar information about students’ evaluation of teachers. This module directly obtains data information from the database to mine and analyze the key factors affecting teaching.The research teaching strategy database is composed of a series of teaching knowledge points. The database structure has only one field, namely the knowledge point number, which is dynamically generated by teachers according to the subject or teaching characteristics. At the same time, there is an order requirement for the sequence of knowledge points, and it determines the teaching sequence. If students have strong learning ability, they can skip some knowledge points. Teachers can make the next teaching plan according to the knowledge level and cognitive ability tested by students and the expected teaching assumption. At the same time, the system includes a relative evaluation module that evaluates the test paper’s requirements in depth: whether the content of the students’ test has been studied, whether it meets the syllabus’s requirements, and whether the proportion of test scores matches the proportion of difficulty, the proportion of cognitive level, and the distribution proportion of each chapter. The system uses teaching strategies to generate personalized teaching content based on students’ cognitive ability, current knowledge level, and learning history. The student evaluation module includes a table with the same exercise/test questions and test results for several students, as well as each student’s score, cognitive level, and answer time, so that each student can clearly see his or her place among classmates and maintain his or her appropriate confidence and motivation. Teachers’ evaluation data primarily consists of an assessment of the software conditions of teachers, including their teaching methods, teaching content, and teaching attitude throughout the teaching process. We chose 20 classes to teach and evaluate using traditional English teaching methods, multimedia English teaching methods, and this research-based teaching method, in order to verify the practicability and superiority of this English research-based learning model. The obtained student evaluation is shown in Figure6. Teacher evaluation is shown in Figure 7.Figure 6
Comparison of student evaluation.Figure 7
Teacher evaluation comparison.It can be seen that the score of this method is higher than that of the other two methods, whether it is student evaluation or teacher evaluation. Therefore, the method in this paper has certain advantages. The purpose of teacher evaluation mining is to discover the factors that influence teachers’ teaching quality, as well as to categorize and predict the overall effect of teachers’ teaching. Applying the decision tree theory to data mining is more appropriate, in my opinion. Decision tree theory can be used to classify not only the overall teaching effect, but also the factors that influence classification along the branches of decision tree nodes. It can also perform a prediction function, which can provide educational administrators with advice and encourage them to make more rational decisions when recruiting talent. Before, during, and after teaching, ability assessments should be conducted. The feedback information obtained through evaluation can be used to revise and improve the teaching plan, provide conditions for the teacher model to formulate proper teaching strategies, and ensure that the teaching is completed smoothly. The evaluation of students’ behavior can be divided into absolute evaluation and relative evaluation according to different purposes. In the system, absolute evaluation is carried out based on the teaching objectives, so as to master the degree of students’ achievement of the teaching objectives and diagnose the defects in students’ knowledge and ability structure, that is, according to the information of test questions in the expert knowledge base and students’ answers, the analysis results and the scores of different levels of corresponding cognitive abilities are given, which provides data basis for formulating corresponding teaching strategies.


## 4. Conclusions

The situation of “classroom-oriented, teacher-oriented, book-oriented, and knowledge-oriented” is always in an important position in the traditional English teaching model, and students are always in a passive position. The traditional English learning mode will be changed, learners’ interest in learning English independently will be encouraged, students’ self-monitoring and metacognition abilities will be emphasized, English cooperative learning will be emphasized, and new knowledge construction will be ensured in a safe and green language environment, based on a combination of constructivism and data mining. Research-based learning is a popular trend in international curriculum reform and a new bright spot in the current reform of basic education. It is aimed at changing students’ learning styles, emphasizes a spirit of active inquiry and innovative practice, focuses on providing students with life-long knowledge and abilities, and reflects and responds to current educational needs. In the information age, basic education curriculum reform is an unavoidable choice. This paper is aimed at starting with the concept of research-based learning, which is based on constructivism theory and data mining technology, and at closely combining theory, technology, and English teaching in order to cultivate students’ independent innovation in English teaching activities, with the goal of improving their ability, and at actively exploring the cultivation of students’ independent innovation ability in English teaching mode under the new situation. Based on the characteristics and requirements of research-based learning, combined with the characteristics and training objectives of English subject, this paper puts forward an English research-based learning model based on constructivism and data mining. This paper makes a theoretical and practical study of English research learning based on constructivism and data mining. In the future, it is expected that more advanced software development and practice will be profound, so that students can effectively carry out new ways and methods of research-based learning and cultivate the ability of autonomous learning to train more talents for the country.



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*Source: 4579547-2022-03-15.xml*