# Personalized Route Planning of Rural Ecotourism Using Mobile Computing and Random Forest Algorithm

Authors: Ningguang Xie
Journal: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Tourism has evolved from a few high-end items to a mass market, and it has become an integral part of people’s daily lives. Tourist routes connect tourist sources and destinations, whether they are part of a group tour or a road trip. Tourist routes that are designed scientifically and rationally can improve tourist satisfaction while also highlighting the unique characteristics of various tourist destinations and promoting the long-term development of tourist destinations. Ecotourism is a necessary component of China’s tourism industry’s long-term development, as well as a key component of the country’s low-carbon economy. This paper examines some basic problems in rural tourism planning using the random forest algorithm and proposes planning strategies and methods for its core content in order to promote the development of rural ecotourism. Tourist route optimization is beneficial not only to obtaining reasonable routes to meet tourists’ needs but also to maximizing resource utilization, which is beneficial to environmental protection and balanced economic development.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

In today’s society, tourism has become a fashionable way of leisure and entertainment. Tourism has become one of the strongest and largest industries in the global economy [1]. Tourism has developed from a few luxury goods to mass consumption and has become an important part of people’s daily life [2]. People’s ability and desire to participate in leisure tourism have been greatly improved, and the travel frequency has been accelerated, which has promoted the rapid rise of China’s tourism industry, and tourism products also show a diversified development trend [3]. Rural areas are rich in tourism resources. Rural tourism has gradually grown in popularity in the tourism industry, demonstrating a diverse development trend, with rural ecotourism being one of the most important aspects [4]. We already know that tourism development uses less energy and pollutes the environment. However, the tourism industry’s carbon emissions are not zero, and it appears that the tourism industry’s carbon emissions are very large, implying that the tourism industry still has some room for emission reduction [5]. The demand for tourism is growing, and tourism is becoming a larger part of the national economy. According to statistics, the number of tourists has been increasing in recent years, as has tourism consumption [6]. The rural tourism industry should see the needs under this background, develop rich cultural tourism resources and natural tourism route planning, and meet people’s sightseeing needs for natural civilization and rural customs [7].Global climate change will also have a profound impact on the development of China’s tourism. Climate change has brought many uncertain factors to the development of tourism [8]. The low-carbon wave is the fourth wave after the information wave, indicating the advent of the low-carbon era. Some people are still simply pursuing the growth of the number of tourists; ignoring the unity of economic, environmental, and social benefits; adopting an extensive development model; and simplifying the development of tourism into quantitative growth, which will hinder the sustainable development of tourism [9]. The majority of tourism resources are integrated into the destination’s environment. As a result, the tourism destination’s environment is the most fundamental component of the overall composition of local tourism products, and it will be a key deciding factor in attracting tourists [10]. Tourist routes, whether on a group tour or on a self-drive tour, serve as a vital link between tourist sources and destinations. The creation of scientific and reasonable tourist routes can improve tourist satisfaction while also highlighting the unique characteristics of various tourist destinations and promoting the long-term development of tourist destinations [11]. We must pay attention to the original ecological experience of rural ecotourism and the planning of rural ecotourism routes in order to enable tourists to have a good tourism experience in rural ecotourism [12]. Based on random forest algorithm, this paper studies some basic problems in rural tourism planning and puts forward planning strategies and methods according to its core content, so as to promote the development of rural ecotourism.The development of tourism is closely related to the environment. Generally speaking, the environment is the basic resource of a tourism destination and the basis for the development of tourism. Rural tourism planning should adapt to local conditions and formulate different planning strategies according to different rural resources and location background [13]. In the process of continuous upgrading of rural tourism industry, we should understand the problems existing in rural route planning and brand image and do a good job in the characteristic development planning of the industry and the establishment plan of brand image [14]. For self-help travel, although there are many online resources, in the face of such huge, chaotic, and complex data information, tourists are often submerged in a large number of information retrieval and product comparison and selection. Even so, it may be difficult to obtain useful data information [15]. Ecotourism is not only the internal requirement of the sustainable development of China’s tourism industry but also an important part of China’s low-carbon economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the development of suburban ecotourism [16]. From the perspective of application value, for the combination mode of tourism resources and the operation of tourism market concept, it can be seen that the development of ecotourism is a systematic project and has brand-new experience value [17]. The optimization of tourism routes not only is conducive to obtain reasonable routes to meet the needs of tourists, so as to improve tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty to tourism destinations, but also makes full use of resources, which is conducive to environmental protection and balanced economic development.


## 2. Related Work

The service quality of rural tourism products in Australia is discussed in the literature [18] from two perspectives: strategy and practice. Arif and Du rationally analyzed the cooperative development of rural residents based on agricultural industry diversification and rural residents’ income improvement [19]. The authors in literature [20] explain how they view cooperative development from the perspectives of rural cultural inheritance and tourism development. Fadafan et al. examine the benefits of Web information data in tourism demand prediction, establish a link between tourism demand and Web information data, and use Web data mining technology to analyze and predict tourism demand [21]. Literature [22] examines and investigates cooperation and development from various perspectives. Literature [23] compiles statistics and descriptions of conflicts between residents of various tourist destinations, as well as between rural residents and tourists and rural residents and development management companies, and conducts a related analysis. Literature [24] uses the rough set method to analyze the information of tourism service quality and then digs out association rules and uses tourists’ satisfaction with service quality to cluster tourists. In literature [25], through the classification decision tree algorithm and chi-square statistical technology, the rural tourism data are analyzed, and the decision tree model is established through the relevant data mining software, so as to find out the influencing factors on the consumption level and the evaluation of tourist destinations. Literature [26] analyzes and studies the conflicts in rural tourism caused by economic interests. Literature [27] mainly analyzes the conflicts of rural tourism from the perspective of game theory.Without comprehensive and objective evaluation of rural tourism effect and guidance, management, and control of rural tourism development process, rural tourism development will not achieve the expected goal. As one of the model combination classifiers, the random forest method has many advantages. Therefore, this paper uses random forest method as data mining algorithm to analyze the collected tourism data. Using mutual information, the correlation degree between characteristic variables and category variables is obtained, and the characteristic variables are sorted according to this correlation degree, and then, two high and low intervals with different correlation degrees are divided. In this way, tourist routes can be optimized, and tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty to tourist destinations can be improved, which is conducive to environmental protection and balanced economic development.


## 3. Rural Ecotourism and Its Characteristics

For ecotourism in the countryside, the majority of tourists are locals from the surrounding cities. Developing rural ecotourism can help meet the growing demand for rural ecotourism among tourists, resulting in a more harmonious coexistence and healthy development between man and nature. Tourism planning is an important field in the tourism discipline that helps to guide the industry’s practice. Rural tourism is growing rapidly around the world, with an average annual growth rate higher than the global tourism average. As a result, the government must establish policies and standards, strengthen rural tourism oversight, and standardize rural tourism development behavior even more. At present, most rural tourism resources have a low degree of development, and many rural natural resources still maintain their original ecology, with beautiful and pure natural environment. The mountains, rivers, lakes, and grasslands in the countryside have not yet been developed, and the original rural tourism features can have great attraction to tourists. Under the background of rural revitalization, the tourism industry has the economic vitality to promote the common development of other industries. In the process of upgrading the rural tourism industry, we must consider our own influence and positive conditions to promote local development and coordinate the employment of local people and the number of laborers who go out to work.Although the cost of rural ecotourism is lower than that of other types of tourism, rural tourism can bring unique experience to tourists, allowing them to enjoy cost-effective tourism services in a comfortable, natural, and pleasant rural environment. Under the background of rural revitalization, the tourism industry should fulfill the goal of protecting the ecological environment and developing green agriculture, guide the sound development of rural economy, and avoid the industrial economic situation affecting the normal life of local residents. Ecotourism in rural areas combines rural tourism and ecotourism, with rich and colorful tourism resources. Modern rural ecotourism has broken through the single form of rural tourism “farmhouse music” in the past, with the emergence of rural tourism ecological experience, rural natural scenery tour, rural cultural customs and other forms, which makes rural ecotourism more attractive.


## 4. Rural Ecotourism Route Planning Based on Stochastic Forest Algorithm

Tourism image refers to tourists’ overall and general understanding and evaluation of tourist destinations. It is a comprehensive perceptual and rational perception of tourist destinations in the minds of tourists. The environment has certain regularity in spatial distribution. Different ecological environments have different resource types, different tourist feelings, and different tourists who are interested. As a result, the division of tourist areas should adhere to the ecological environment’s differentiation law to the fullest extent possible. The image of a tourism destination is important in determining tourism consumption behavior [27]. It is necessary to combine tourists’ rural tourism needs and grasp changes in tourists’ rural ecotourism needs in real time when planning rural ecotourism routes. Route planning is done on this basis to meet tourist demand for rural ecotourism and to develop tourist-friendly rural ecotourism routes.Rural tourism image belongs to one of the tourism images. It is the tourists’ overall and general understanding and evaluation of rural tourism destinations, including their rural tourism activities, rural tourism products, and services. The image orientation of rural tourism is the premise and core of rural tourism image building. The composition principle of rural ecotourism transportation planning system is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
The composition block diagram of rural ecotourism transportation planning system.The theoretical concept of rural ecotourism is based on the interdisciplinary integration of ecotourism, low carbon economy, circular economy, and landscape ecology. Figure2 shows the technical route of rural ecotourism planning and development.Figure 2
Technical route of rural ecotourism planning and development.In order to give tourists a high-quality experience in rural ecotourism, attention should be paid to details in route planning to meet the needs of tourists. The tourism resources of rural ecotourism are mainly rural customs and culture and rural natural ecological landscape. When planning the route, visitors should feel the original ecological characteristics and get in touch with folk customs such as rural songs and dances and special food. The natural and cultural tourism resources in rural areas are the basis and prerequisite for the positioning and planning of tourism image in rural tourist destinations. Sex is the basic attribute of rural tourism, which determines the basic scope and regional characteristics of rural tourism destinations and also reflects the constraints of transportation, information communication, and slow material and energy circulation.Tourists are the targets of tourism routes, and the majority of the various factors that influence tourism routes are influenced by the restrictions and preferences of tourists’ various travel conditions. The evaluation of tourist attractions by tourists who have already visited them has a significant impact on the selection of tourist nodes. The recommendation algorithm is at the heart of personalized travel route planning. The sensitivity is defined byK, and the hidden layer’s network output is defined by I. From the hidden layer to the output layer, get the weight update rule:
(1)Uij=Hij∑t=1kHit2,i=1,⋯,n,j=1,⋯,k.According to the user’s preferences, relevant models can be built. After nonlinear transformation, we get(2)HWt=∑i=1NDixN.Without the optimization strategy, the complexity is(3)Di=a+∑j=1nbjpj+riY+u.Without the optimization strategy, the complexity is(4)Di=a+∑j=1nbjlnpj+rilnY+u.Next, the image patches of all images are formed into a dataset. Before feeding into unsupervised learning methods, the dataset needs to be preprocessed, i.e., decorrelation, formed as(5)Ot=f∑iTli−θl.The study of the local context includes the study of regional villages’ natural and cultural values, so the image orientation must reflect the value of rural tourist destinations’ natural and cultural resources. The tourism image orientation of rural tourism destinations should reflect market demand and the value of rural natural and cultural resources, and it should be combined with the planning of rural tourism products, all while adhering to the overall principle of wholeness and difference. Although tourists should experience true rural customs, rural ecotourism routes should be planned rationally to avoid tourists’ dissatisfaction with backward rural infrastructure, so that tourists can form a reversal of rural culture, traditional customs, and infrastructure, and rural ecotourism routes can be more humanized.Scenic spots are the main factors to attract tourists and the main part of tourist routes. There are some factors related to scenic spots, such as the playing time of scenic spot nodes, scenic spot level, types of scenic spot nodes, scenic spot tickets, scenic spot playing season, and scenic spot resources, which directly affect tourists’ choice of scenic spots. Without optimization strategy, its complexity is(6)wijk+1=wijk+ηδixj.Each pixel of the first response map of each layer is the sum of the convolution kernel and each response map of the previous layer, shown by the formula(7)ft=∑j=1N∑k∈Zdkjϕjkt+∑k∈ZckNϕNkt.In the design of tourist routes, when the tourist nodes are known, it is necessary to combine and optimize the tourist nodes to get the final tourist route and make the obtained route optimal under certain conditions, while ensuring the maximum interests of the destination and tourists.Generally, the tourism development of a tourist destination takes its overall image as a tourist attraction factor to promote the tourism market, so the shaping of the overall image of a tourist destination must also closely follow the development trend and demand of the tourism market. Many urban tourists choose rural tourism because they want to relax and relieve stress in a pleasant natural environment. Therefore, the planning of rural ecotourism routes should fully consider the short-distance and short-distance demand, so that tourists can get tired and feel the nature in one or two days of rural ecotourism. In addition to grasping the targeted market, the image positioning of rural tourist destinations must be further subdivided into markets, with the aim of implementing differentiation strategies with rural tourist destinations sharing the same targeted market in order to divert competitiveness. Tourist destination image is spread to tourists.


## 5. Result Analysis and Discussion

With the gradual improvement of farmers’ income level and the continuous improvement of living conditions, they began to pursue a modern and civilized lifestyle of the same quality as cities. If farmers unconsciously move their own buildings and facilities closer to cities, their building forms, material application, garage construction, and air-conditioning installation are similar to those of cities. Staff should carefully mark the unfamiliar local scenic spots in the tourist routes and briefly introduce the shooting positions of each scenic spot and the most popular food culture. By introducing the cultural resources of rural tourism, the route planning of tourist sightseeing bus and service stations in various scenic spots will be strengthened, so that tourists can consult the staff about other nearby scenic spots and more convenient accommodation places. For traditional residential buildings, various effective measures should be taken in line with the principle of respecting the locality, so as to continue the historical context and maintain the traditional style.Retain the original ecological village spatial structure full of philosophy and meaning, and restore the traditional overall layout. Landscape ecological units, functions, and principles of rural tourism vary with the size of the planning area. Combining the two optimization strategies, it can be seen from Figure3 that the algorithm using the two optimization strategies has the best time performance.Figure 3
Algorithm performance time comparison.Most villages will regard the corporate image of agricultural products as an important part of promoting rural culture and form a corporate culture-oriented industrial development route. However, as an economic activity to actively promote local industries and characteristics, the rural tourism industry should look further, based on the development of local enterprises and people’s material life, and establish a mass brand image that can make more people know about rural civilization. The rural society-nature-economy compound ecosystem is the foundation for the survival and development of rural tourism. However, in the actual development process, environmental factors have not been fully considered when formulating tourism and related industry development policies, due to policy mistakes made by some local governments. Patches are the main carriers of rural landscape theme and recreation projects, and corridors are the main channels of tourists, energy, and material flow in rural tourism areas, according to the structural design of rural tourism landscape. The local natural environment and human environment should be fully considered when designing new farmhouse accommodation facilities, and farmhouse buildings that are appropriate, natural, and harmonious in the environment should be designed. Many tourists in rural areas are afraid to stay in hotels in scenic spots because of inconvenient transportation routes, and they have special needs to get to transportation stations quickly as rural tourism continues to grow and the number of tourists grows. The staff can brief them on the local traffic situation, and tourists can proceed to the next scenic spot or return to work based on their specific needs, selecting hotels with relatively convenient traffic or minimal interference from others.In the sample set, the method of feature evaluation is to calculate the mutual information of each feature, and the feature with the largest mutual information can be considered as the most closely related to the target attribute. Then, sort the mutual information of these features, divide the high and low correlation intervals, and finally, select features. Test the performance of the model on the dataset. It consists of four categories, including photography, horseback riding, running, and walking. In the comparison of experimental results, the results obtained by two pretreatment methods are compared, as shown in Table1 and Figure 4.Table 1
Comparison of the accuracy rates obtained by the two preprocessing methods.
MethodPhotographRidingRunWalkDelaitre53.7943.5842.4456.52Our method61.6641.2953.7160.37Figure 4
Comparison of the accuracy rates obtained by the two preprocessing methods.Excessive use of tourism resources will degrade or destroy tourism resources. For example, in the rural natural ecological environment, too many tourists trample on the vegetation. In ancient village tourism, tourists’ trampling, touching, and other behaviors have caused damage to ancient residential buildings and other cultural relics. For example, the instantaneous overload of tourists makes the bluestone slabs in most visiting halls loose, and some even break. According to the needs of economic development under the background of rural revitalization, the rural tourism industry should build a tourism scene route plan that meets the various needs of ordinary tourists, so that they can dare to consume all kinds of commodities during the trip, drive the industry to transform and upgrade in the direction of serving others, and realize the development and field planning of local tourism route resources. Irresponsible tourist behavior of tourists will bring a lot of nondegradable substances into the countryside. Due to the low consumption threshold of rural tourism, rural tourism has not really entered tourists’ hearts as a tourism product, rural tourism lacks the management mechanism and management team of scenic spots, and the relaxation of tourists’ subjective consciousness and objective constraints in tourist areas is likely to cause the pollution of tourism waste to the ecological environment.Analyze the shortest distance between nodes of tourist routes and the average network distance. With the increase of node relationship, the shortest path between nodes and the average distance of the whole network are decreasing, as shown in Figure5. The data of finding success rate of the aware service node is shown in Figure 6.Figure 5
Distance analysis of mobile network nodes.Figure 6
Perception service node search success rate.The stability of the model is the influence degree of different model inputs on the model performance. The smaller the influence degree, the better the stability of the algorithm. The stability of stochastic forest model is mainly influenced by two factors; one is the number of decision trees in the model, and the other is the number of attributes to build decision trees. Table2 shows the accuracy of multistage transfer learning model, and we can find that multistage transfer learning is the best in most kinds. The results of the single-level migration learning model are shown in Table 2 and Figure 7.Table 2
Classification accuracy of different grades.
Number of levels123Number of classes4928Accuracy rate97.2196.7298.85Figure 7
Different classification accuracy data.Random forest algorithm can get approximate solution under some limited conditions, which is fast in calculation and can handle large-scale and complex data. However, when there are few data nodes and the information is clear, it is not as accurate as the traditional algorithm. The architectural form in the rural tourist area shows not the building itself, but the landscape artistic features of its environment. The purpose of its construction is to strengthen and highlight the local cultural atmosphere and make its characteristics more vivid and moving.Under the background of rural revitalization, the rural tourism industry should not only consider the development of natural economic benefits but also consider the resource needs of long-term economic development of the tourism industry, so as to broaden the development path of humanistic tourism resources and reduce the improper behavior of tourists visiting ecotourism protection areas on the spot. When community residents cannot benefit from tourism, which has a great impact on the local culture and ecological environment, it will also make community residents resist tourism. According to the questionnaire survey, residents who do not care about tourism development are often those who do not gain benefits in tourism development. Those residents who get more benefits from it often support tourism development both ideologically and practically. By integrating the cultural policies and marketing strategies of rural economic development into the basic image of the village tourism industry, a tourism civilization activity brand that promotes specific industrial cultural representatives such as green agriculture and organic ecological materials will be established. Take the development of rural areas in recent years as the theme of activities that brand influence drives the development of tourism industry, and complete the publicity and explanation of the achievements of rural spiritual civilization construction.


## 6. Conclusions

To meet tourists’ demand for rural ecotourism, rural ecotourism route planning should begin with their needs, emphasize the original ecological characteristics of rural ecotourism, and primarily develop short-distance routes. Tourism resources will be degraded or destroyed if they are used excessively. Too many tourists, for example, trample on the vegetation in rural natural ecological environments. Relevant staff should make scientific planning and linkage with the industry, drive the economic consumption of related industries, and attract more tourists in order to promote the long-term development of the rural tourism industry. The methods, principles, and influencing factors of tourist route design are summarized in this paper. A comprehensive evaluation model of tourist nodes based on the random forest algorithm is proposed in light of the drawbacks of ignoring tourists’ individual needs, insufficient optimization, and the form of tourist routes.Under certain conditions, the random forest algorithm can obtain an approximate solution, is quick to calculate, and can handle large-scale and complex data. However, it is not as accurate as the traditional algorithm when there are few data nodes and the information is clear. The basic characteristics and demand points of ecotourism were extracted from existing and potential ecotourism research and interviews in the tourism market, and the cognitive structure of ecotourists was completed, in order to pass the ecotourism market’s demand and supply channels. The necessary requirements and paths for upgrading rural tourism industry services should be implemented in the context of rural revitalization to promote the development of industrial cultural tourism resources and brand image resources with a strong development situation.



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