# Semicompatibility and Fixed Point Theorems for Reciprocally Continuous Maps in a Fuzzy Metric Space

Authors: V. H. Badshah; Varsha Joshi
Journal: Journal of Applied Mathematics
 (2011)

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## Abstract

The aim of this paper is to prove a common fixed point  theorem for six mappings on fuzzy metric space using notion of semicompatibility and reciprocal continuity of maps satisfying an implicit relation. We proposed to reanalysis the theorems of Imdad et al. (2002), Popa (2001), Popa (2002) and Singh and Jain (2005).


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

The fuzzy theory has become an area of active research for the last forty years. It has a wide range of applications in the field of science and engineering, for example, population dynamics, computer programming, nonlinear dynamical systems, medicine and so forth. The concept of fuzzy sets was introduced initially by Zadeh [1] in 1965. Since then, to use this concept in topology and analysis, many authors have expansively developed the theory of fuzzy sets and application. Following the concept of fuzzy sets, fuzzy metric spaces have been introduced by Kramosil and Michalek [2], and George and Veeramani [3] modified the notion of fuzzy metric spaces with the help of continuous t-norms. Later, many authors, for example, [4–6] proved common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces. Grabiec’s [7] followed Kramosil and Michalek and obtained the fuzzy version of Banach contraction principle. Vasuki [8] obtained the fuzzy version of common fixed point theorem which had extra conditions. Pant [9] introduced the notion of reciprocal continuity of mappings in metric spaces. Pant and Jha [10] proved an analogue of the result given by Balasubramaniam et al. [11]. Popa [12] proved theorem for weakly compatible noncontinuous mapping using implicit relation. Recently Singh and Jain [13], and Singh and Chauhan [14] have introduced semicompatible, compatible, and weak compatible maps in fuzzy metric space.The purpose of this paper is to prove a common fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric spaces using weak compatibility, semicompatibility, an implicit relation, and reciprocal continuity. Here, we generalize the result of [15] by(1)
increasing the number of self maps from four to six,(2)
using the notion of reciprocal continuity.


## 2. Preliminaries

Definition 2.1.
A binary operation*:[0,1]2→[0,1] is called a continuous t-norm if ([0,1],*) is an abelian topological monoid with unit 1 such that a*b≤c*d whenever a≤c and b≤d for all a,b,c and d∈[0,1].Examples oft-norm are a*b=ab and a*b=min{a,b}.Definition 2.2.
The 3-tuple(X,M,*) is called a fuzzy metric space if X is an arbitrary set, * is a continuous t-norm, and M is a fuzzy set in X2×[0,∞) satisfying the following conditions for all x,y,z∈X and s,t>0:(FMS-1)
M(x,y,0)=0,(FMS-2)
M(x,y,t)=1, for all t>0 if and only if x=y,(FMS-3)
M(x,y,t)=M(y,x,t),(FMS-4)
M(x,y,t)*M(y,z,s)≥M(x,z,t+s),(FMS-5)
M(x,y,·):[0,∞)→[0,1] is left continuous.
Note thatM(x,y,t) can be thought of as the degree of nearness between x and y with respect to t.Remark 2.3.
Every metric space(X,d) induces a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*), where a*b=min{a,b} and for all a,b∈X, M(x,y,t)=t/(t+d(x,y)), for all t>0, M(x,y,0)=0, which is called the fuzzy metric space induced by the metric d.Lemma 2.4.
For allx,y∈X, let M(x,y,·) be a nondecreasing function.Definition 2.5.
Let(X,M,*) be a fuzzy metric space.(a)
The sequence{xn} in X is said to be convergent to a point x∈X if
(2.1)lim⁡n→∞⁡M(xn,x,t)=1∀t>0.(b)
The sequence{xn} in X is said to be a Cauchy sequence in X if
(2.2)lim⁡n→∞⁡M(xn,xn+p,t)=1∀t>0,p>0.(c)
The space is said to be complete if every Cauchy sequence in it converges to a point of it.Remark 2.6.
Since* is continuous, it follows from (FMS-4) that the limit of a sequence in a fuzzy metric space is unique.
In this paper,(X,M,*) is considered to be the fuzzy metric space with condition
(FMS-6)
(2.3)lim⁡n→∞⁡M(x,y,t)=1∀x,y∈X.Lemma 2.7.
Let{yn} be a sequence in a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) with the condition (FMS-6). If there exists a number k∈(0,1) such that
(2.4)M(yn+2,yn+1,kt)≥M(yn+1,yn,t)
for all t>0, then {yn} is a Cauchy sequence in X.Lemma 2.8.
LetA and B be two self-maps on a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) such that for some k∈(0,1), for all x,y∈X and t>0,
(2.5)M(Ax,By,kt)≥min⁡{M(x,y,t),M(Ax,x,t)}.
Then, A and B have a unique common fixed point in X.Definition 2.9.
LetA and S be mappings from a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) into itself. Then, the mappings are said to be weak compatible if they commute at their coincidence points, that is, Ax=Sx implies that ASx=SAx.Definition 2.10.
LetA and S be mappings from a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) into itself. Then, the mappings are said to be compatible if
(2.6)lim⁡n→∞⁡M(ASxn,SAxn,t)=1,∀t>0
whenever {xn} is a sequence in X such that
(2.7)lim⁡n→∞⁡Axn=lim⁡n→∞⁡Sxn=x∈X.Remark 2.11.
Compatibility implies weak compatibility. The converse is not true.Definition 2.12.
LetA and S be mappings from a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) into itself. Then the mappings are said to be semicompatible if
(2.8)lim⁡n→∞⁡M(ASxn,Sx,t)=1,∀t>0.
whenever {xn} is a sequence in X such that
(2.9)lim⁡n→∞⁡Axn=lim⁡n→∞⁡Sxn=x∈X.Remark 2.13.
Semicompatibility implies weak compatibility. The converse is not true.Proposition 2.14.
LetA and S be self-maps on a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*). If S is continuous, then (A,S) is semicompatible if and only if (A,S) is compatible.Remark 2.15.
Semicompatibility of the pair(A,S) does not imply the semicompatibility of (S,A) as seen in Example 2.16.Example 2.16.
LetX=[0,1] and let (X,M,*) be the fuzzy metric space with M(x,y,t)=[exp|x-y|/t]-1, for all x,y∈X, t>0. Define self-map S as follows:
(2.10)Sx={xif0≤x<13,1ifx≥13.
Let I be the identity map on X and xn=1/3-1/n. Then, {Ixn}={xn}→1/3 and{Sxn}={xn}→1/3. Thus, {ISxn}={Sxn}→1/3≠S(1/3). Hence, (I,S) is not semicompatible. Again, as (I,S) is commuting, it is compatible. Further, for any sequence {xn} in X such that {xn}→x and {Sxn}→x, we have {SIxn}={Sxn}→x=Ix. Hence, (S,I) is always semicompatible.Definition 2.17.
LetA and S be mappings from a fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) into itself. Then, the mappings are said to be reciprocally continuous if
(2.11)lim⁡n→∞⁡ASxn=Ax,lim⁡n→∞⁡SAxn=Sx
whenever {xn} is a sequence in X such that
(2.12)lim⁡n→∞⁡Axn=lim⁡n→∞⁡Sxn=x∈X.IfA and S are both continuous, then they are obviously reciprocally continuous, but the converse is not true.


### 2.1. A Class of Implicit Relations

LetK4 be the set of all real continuous functionsF:R+4→R, nondecreasing in first argument and satisfying the following conditions:(i)
foru,v≥0, F(u,v,v,u)≥0 or F(u,v,u,v)≥0 implies that u≥v;(ii)
F(u,u,1,1)≥0 implies that u≥1.


## 2.1. A Class of Implicit Relations

LetK4 be the set of all real continuous functionsF:R+4→R, nondecreasing in first argument and satisfying the following conditions:(i)
foru,v≥0, F(u,v,v,u)≥0 or F(u,v,u,v)≥0 implies that u≥v;(ii)
F(u,u,1,1)≥0 implies that u≥1.


## 3. Main Result

Theorem 3.1.
LetA,B,S,T,I, and J be self-mappings of a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) such that(a)
AB(X)⊂J(X) and ST(X)⊂I(X);(b)
the pair(AB,I) is semicompatible and (ST,J) is weak compatible;(c)
the pair(AB,I) is reciprocally continuous.For someF∈K4, there exists k∈(0,1) such that for all x,y∈X and t>0,(3.1)F(M(ABx,STy,kt),M(Ix,Jy,t),M(ABx,Ix,t),M(STy,Jy,kt))≥0,(3.2)F(M(ABx,STy,kt),M(Ix,Jy,t),M(ABx,Ix,kt),M(STy,Jy,t))≥0.
Then AB,ST,I, and J have a unique common fixed point. Furthermore, if the pairs (A,B),(A,I),(B,I),(S,T),(S,J), and (T,J) are commuting mapping then, A,B,S,T,I, and J have a unique common fixed point.Proof.
Letx0 be an arbitrary point in X. Since AB(X)⊂J(X) and ST(X)⊂I(X), there exist x1,x2∈X such that ABx0=Jx1 and STx1=Ix2. Inductively, we construct the sequences {yn} and {xn} in X such that
(3.3)y2n+1=ABx2n=Jx2n+1,y2n+2=STx2n+1=Ix2n+2
for n=0,1,2,…. Now putting in (3.1) x=x2n, y=x2n+1, we obtain
(3.4)F(M(ABx2n,STx2n+1,kt),M(Ix2n,Jx2n+1,t),M(ABx2n,Ix2n,t),M(STx2n+1,Jx2n+1,kt))≥0
that is,
(3.5)F(M(y2n+1,y2n+2,kt),M(y2n,y2n+1,t),M(y2n+1,y2n,t),M(y2n+2,y2n+1,kt))≥0.
Using (i), we get
(3.6)M(y2n+2,y2n+1,kt)≥M(y2n+1,y2n,t).
Analogously, putting x=x2n+2, y=x2n+1 in (3.2), we have
(3.7)F(M(y2n+3,y2n+2,kt),M(y2n+1,y2n+2,t),M(y2n+3,y2n+2,kt),M(y2n+1,y2n+2,t))≥0.
Using (i), we get
(3.8)M(y2n+3,y2n+2,kt)≥M(y2n+1,y2n+2,t).
Thus, from (3.6) and (3.8), for n and t, we have
(3.9)M(yn,yn+1,kt)≥M(yn-1,yn,t).
Hence, by Lemma 2.7, {yn} is a Cauchy sequence in X, which is complete. Therefore, {yn} converges to p∈X. The sequences {ABx2n}, {STx2n+1}, {Ix2n}, and {Jx2n+1}, being subsequences of {yn}, also converge to p, that is,
(3.10){ABx2n}⟶p,{STx2n+1}⟶p,{Ix2n}⟶p,{Jx2n+1}⟶p.
The reciprocal continuity of the pair (AB,I) gives
(3.11)ABIx2n⟶ABp,IABx2n⟶Ip.
The semicompatibility of the pair (AB,I) gives
(3.12)lim⁡n→∞⁡ABIx2n=Ip.
From the uniqueness of the limit in a fuzzy metric space, we obtain that
(3.13)ABp=Ip.
Step 1.
By puttingx=p, y=x2n+1 in (3.1), we obtain
(3.14)F(M(ABp,STx2n+1,kt),M(Ip,Jx2n+1,t),M(ABp,Ip,t),M(STx2n+1,Jx2n+1,kt))≥0.
Letting n tends to infinity and using (3.10) and (3.13), we get
(3.15)F(M(Ip,p,kt),M(Ip,p,t),M(Ip,Ip,t),M(p,p,kt))≥0.
As F is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.16)F(M(Ip,p,t),M(Ip,p,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we have M(Ip,p,t)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(Ip,p,t)=1, that is,
(3.17)Ip=p=ABp.
Step 2.
AsAB(X)⊂J(X), there exists u∈X such that ABp=Ip=p=Ju.
Puttingx=x2n, y=u in (3.1), we obtain that
(3.18)F(M(ABx2n,STu,kt),M(Ix2n,Ju,t),M(ABx2n,Ix2n,t),M(STu,Ju,kt))≥0.
Letting n tends to infinity and using (3.10), we get
(3.19)F(M(p,STu,kt),1,1,M(STu,p,kt))≥0.
Using (i), we have M(p,STu,kt)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(p,STu,kt)=1.
Thus,p=STu. Therefore, STu=Ju=p. Since (ST,J) is weak compatible, we get JSTu=STJu, that is,
(3.20)STp=Jp.
Step 3.
By puttingx=p, y=p in (3.1) and using (3.17) and (3.20), we obtain
(3.21)F(M(ABp,STp,kt),M(Ip,Jp,t),M(ABp,Ip,t),M(STp,Jp,kt))≥0
that is, F(M(ABp,STp,kt),M(ABp,STp,t),1,1)≥0.
AsF is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.22)F(M(ABp,STp,t),M(ABp,STp,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we have M(ABp,STp,t)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(ABp,STp,t)=1.
Thus,(3.23)ABp=STp.
Therefore, p=ABp=STp=Ip=Jp, that is, p is a common fixed point of AB,ST,I, and J.
Uniqueness. Letq be another common fixed point of AB,ST,I, and J. Then, q=ABq=STq=Iq=Jq.
By puttingx=p and y=q in (3.1), we get
(3.24)F(M(ABp,STq,kt),M(Ip,Jq,t),M(ABp,Ip,t),M(STq,Jq,kt))≥0
that is, F(M(p,q,kt),M(p,q,t),1,1)≥0.
AsF is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.25)F(M(p,q,t),M(p,q,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we have M(p,q,t)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(p,q,t)=1, that is, p=q. Therefore, p is the unique common fixed point of the self-maps AB,ST,I, and J.
Finally, we need to show thatp is also a common fixed point of A,B,S,T,I, and J. For this, let p be the unique common fixed point of both the pairs (AB,I) and (ST,J). Then, by using commutativity of the pair (A,B), (A,I), and (B,I), we obtain
(3.26)Ap=A(ABp)=A(BAp)=AB(Ap),Ap=A(Ip)=I(Ap),Bp=B(ABp)=B(A(Bp))=BA(Bp)=AB(Bp),Bp=B(Ip)=I(Bp),
which shows that Ap and Bp are common fixed point of (AB,I), yielding thereby
(3.27)Ap=p=Bp=Ip=ABp
in the view of uniqueness of the common fixed point of the pair (AB,I). Similarly, using the commutativity of (S,T), (S,J), (T,J), it can be shown that
(3.28)Sp=Tp=Jp=STp=p.
Now, we need to show that Ap=Sp(Bp=Tp) also remains a common fixed point of both the pairs (AB,I) and (ST,J). For this, put x=p and y=p in (3.1), and using (3.27) and (3.28), we get
(3.29)F(M(ABp,STp,kt),M(Ip,Jp,t),M(ABp,Ip,t),M(STp,Jp,kt))≥0,
that is,
(3.30)F(M(Ap,Sp,kt),M(Ap,Sp,t),M(Ap,Ap,t),M(Sp,Sp,kt))≥0.
As F is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.31)F(M(Ap,Sp,t),M(Ap,Sp,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we obtain
(3.32)M(Ap,Sp,t)≥1∀t>0,
which gives M(Ap,Sp,t)=1, that is, Ap=Sp. Similarly, it can be shown that Bp=Tp. Thus, p is the unique common fixed point of A,B,S,T,I, and J. This completes the proof of our theorem.Since semicompatibility implies weak compatibility, we have the following.Corollary 3.2.
LetA,B,S,T,I, and J be self-maps of a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) satisfying the conditions (a), (3.1), and (3.2) of the above theorem, and the pairs (AB,I) and (ST,J) are semicompatible and one of the pair, (AB,I) or (ST,J), is reciprocally continuous. Then, AB,ST,I, and J have a unique common fixed point. Furthermore, if the pairs (A,B),(A,I),(B,I),(S,T),(S,J), and (T,J) are commuting mapping, then A,B,S,T,I, and J have a unique common fixed point.If we takeB = T = identity map in Theorem 3.1, then we have the following.Corollary 3.3.
LetA,S,I, and J be self-mappings of a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) such that(a)
A(X)⊂J(X) and S(X)⊂I(X);(b)
(A,I), (S,J) are semicompatible commuting pair of maps;(c)
the pair(A,I) or (S,J) is reciprocally continuous.For someF∈K4, there exists k∈(0,1) such that for all x,y∈X and t>0,(3.33)F(M(Ax,Sy,kt),M(Ix,Jy,t),M(Ax,Ix,t),M(Sy,Jy,kt))≥0,F(M(Ax,Sy,kt),M(Ix,Jy,t),M(Ax,Ix,kt),M(Sy,Jy,t))≥0.
Then, A,S,I, and J have a unique common fixed point.This theorem proves that the theorem of Singh holds even when the pairs are reciprocally continuous.On takingI = identity mapping in Theorem 3.1, we have the following result for 5 self-maps.Corollary 3.4.
LetA,B,S,T, and J be self-mappings of a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) such that(a)
AB(X)∩ST(X)⊂J(X),(b)
(ST,J) is weak compatible.For someF∈K4, there exists k∈(0,1) such that for all x,y∈X and t>0, (3.34)F(M(ABx,STy,kt),M(x,Jy,t),M(ABx,x,t),M(STy,Jy,kt))≥0F(M(ABx,STy,kt),M(x,Jy,t),M(ABx,x,kt),M(STy,Jy,t))≥0.
Then, AB,ST, and J have a unique common fixed point. Furthermore, if the pairs (A,B), (S,T), (S,J), and (T,J) are commuting mapping then A,B,S,T, and J have a unique common fixed point.If we takeB=T=I=J= identity mapping in Theorem 3.1, then the conditions (a), (b), and (c) are satisfied trivially, and we get the following result.Corollary 3.5.
LetA and S be self-mappings of a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) such that for some F∈K4, there exists k∈(0,1) such that for all x,y∈X and t>0,
(3.35)F(M(Ax,Sy,kt),M(x,y,t),M(Ax,x,t),M(Sy,y,kt))≥0,F(M(Ax,Sy,kt),M(x,y,t),M(Ax,x,kt),M(Sy,y,t))≥0.
Then, A and S have a unique common fixed point in X.Theorem 3.6.
LetA,B,S,T,I, and J be self-maps on a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) satisfying conditions (a), (c), (3.1), and (3.2) of Theorem 3.1, and (AB,I) is compatible, and (ST,J) is weak compatible. Then, AB,ST,I, and J have a unique common fixed point. Furthermore, if the pairs (A,B), (A,I), (B,I), (S,T), (S,J), and (T,J) are commuting mapping then A,B,S,T,I, and J have a unique common fixed point.Proof.
As in the proof of Theorem3.1, the sequence {yn} converges to p∈X, and (3.10) is satisfied.
The reciprocal continuity of the pair(AB,I) gives
(3.36)ABIx2n⟶ABp,IABx2n⟶Ip.
The compatibility of the pair (AB,I) gives
(3.37)lim⁡n→∞⁡ABIx2n=ABp=lim⁡n→∞⁡IABx2n.
From the uniqueness of the limit in a fuzzy metric space, we obtain that ABp=Ip.
Step 1.
By puttingx=ABx2n, y=x2n+1 in (3.1), we obtain
(3.38)F(M(ABABx2n,STx2n+1,kt),M(IABx2n,Jx2n+1,t),M(ABABx2n,IABx2n,t),M(STx2n+1,Jx2n+1,kt))≥0.
Letting n tends to infinity and using (3.10) and (3.13), we get
(3.39)F(M(ABp,p,kt),M(ABp,p,t),M(ABp,ABp,t),M(p,p,kt))≥0.
As F is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.40)F(M(ABp,p,t),M(ABp,p,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we have M(ABp,p,t)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(ABp,p,t)=1, that is,
(3.41)Ip=p=ABp.
Step 2.
AsAB(X)⊂J(X), there exists u∈X such that ABp=Ip=p=Ju.
Puttingx=x2n, y=u in (3.1), we obtain that
(3.42)F(M(ABx2n,STu,kt),M(Ix2n,Ju,t),M(ABx2n,Ix2n,t),M(STu,Ju,kt))≥0.
Letting n tends to infinity and using (3.10), we get
(3.43)F(M(p,STu,kt),1,1,M(STu,p,kt))≥0.
Using (i), we have M(p,STu,kt)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(p,STu,kt)=1. Thus, p=STu. Therefore, STu=Ju=p. Since (ST,J) is weak compatible, we get  JSTu=STJu, that is,
(3.44)STp=Jp.
Step 3.
By puttingx=p, y=p in (3.1) and using (3.17) and (3.20), we obtain
(3.45)F(M(ABp,STp,kt),M(Ip,Jp,t),M(ABp,Ip,t),M(STp,Jp,kt))≥0,
that is, F(M(ABp,STp,kt),M(ABp,STp,t),1,1)≥0.
AsF is nondecreasing in first argument, we have
(3.46)F(M(ABp,STp,t),M(ABp,STp,t),1,1)≥0.
Using (ii), we have M(ABp,STp,t)≥1 for all t>0, which gives M(ABp,STp,t)=1. Thus,
(3.47)ABp=STp.
Therefore,p=ABp=STp=Ip=Jp, that is, p is a common fixed point of AB,ST,I, and J.
The rest of the proof is the same as in Theorem3.1.Since compatibility implies weak compatibility, we have the following.Corollary 3.7.
LetA,B,S,T,I, and J be self-maps on a complete fuzzy metric space (X,M,*) satisfying conditions (a), (3.1), and (3.2) of Theorem 3.1, and the pairs (AB,I) and (ST,J) are compatible, and one of the pair, (AB,I) or (ST,J), is reciprocally continuous. Then, AB,ST,I, and J have a unique common fixed point in X. Furthermore, if the pairs (A,B), (A,I), (B,I), (S,T), (S,J), and (T,J) are commuting mapping, then A,B,S,T,I, and J have a unique common fixed point.



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