# The Method of Graphic Design Using 3D Virtual Vision Technology

Authors: Lin Li
Journal: Scientific Programming
 (2022)

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## Abstract

The traditional template scheduling method provides designers with design materials that do not reflect the real intention of designers, and a plane method based on three-dimensional virtual vision technology is proposed. In the given development environment, the mouse uses hand drawing, and the handwriting is formed by the obtained point sequence. The hand drawing adopts the method of smoothing noise to eliminate the noise, and the hand drawing stroke adopts two loops. The virtual model is drawn into 3D manually to realize the graphic design. After establishing the three-dimensional graphic design model, the visual effect is improved by using color mapping. The experiments show that this method can effectively realize the three-dimensional virtual model based on manual drawing, make the three-dimensional effect more real, meet the requirements of designers, and help designers show the real intention of design.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

As the market of practical design becomes bigger and bigger, the requirements for graphic design become higher and higher. For designers, the most important thing is “creativity,” which is the key to differentiate designers from craftsmen [1]. Designers must form their own style of creation. Graphic design cannot be separated from the development of productivity and material civilization and even more so from the promotion of economic development [2]. Design works should put practicality in the first place and then take into account its artistry.Grobius believed that the creation of beauty and industrialized production could be perfectly unified. He pointed out the following. “History shows that the idea of beauty changes with the progress of ideas and technology. Whoever thinks he has discovered eternal beauty is bound to fall into imitation and stagnation.” Clothing design works such as those inspired by the traditional Chinese art of paper-cutting are loved by international and domestic fashion darlings, and many international high-end private custom clothing brands have absorbed a large number of traditional Chinese crafts such as embroidery [3], tassels, batik, blue and white ceramics, and so on to design a large number of classic works, as can be seen from the traditional Chinese elements absorbed in large quantities in the 2016 Veep lingerie; when tradition and innovation collide, the graphic design charm is remembered and recognized by the public, which improves the practicality of design works [4]. As the market for practical design becomes larger and larger, the requirements for graphic design become higher and higher, and for designers, the most important thing is “creativity,” which is the key to differentiate designers from craftsmen. In the traditional logo design, the logo is just a simple trademark or logo, but now the logo design, in addition to the role of trademark or logo, carries more modeling, decoration, composition, and other roles, such as the trademark of CHANEL (Chanel) [5]. For example, our design works can be used in different positions of different products to meet people’s aesthetics and achieve the dual effect of aesthetics and practicality [6].In the process of graphic design, textual elements are mainly divided into various forms, such as advertising slogans, theme words, and supplementary descriptions. As an extension of graphic design and the main carrier of information dissemination, the text elements in graphic design should not only focus on the functionality of text information but also need to take into account its cultural expression [7]. In addition, designers need to combine the artistic form of graphic image to design the text elements in graphic design, so as to bring people a refreshing feeling [8].In graphic design, picture elements can be divided into painting elements, photography elements, and graphic elements, which not only contain the expression of image language and graphic language but also have the characteristics of enhancing the visual recognition and memory of the visual language of graphic design [9]. Among them, painting elements can express different visual languages by using various painting tools and styles selected by designers. Photography elements can greatly enhance the persuasion of graphic images, and graphic elements have the intuitive effect of simplifying abstraction [10]. The rational use of graphic elements enables graphic works to better express visual language. Therefore, based on the three-dimensional virtual vision technology, this paper realizes the high autonomy of planners through the 3D modeling of manual operation.In this paper, the hand drawing adopts the method of smoothing noise to eliminate the noise, and the hand drawing stroke adopts two loops. The virtual model is drawn into 3D manually to realize the graphic design. After establishing the three-dimensional graphic design model, the visual effect is improved by using color mapping.


## 2. Related Work

Graphic design cannot be separated from the development of productivity and material civilization, and even more so from the promotion of economic development, design works should put practicality in the first place and then take into account its artistry [12]. Many of the world’s high-end brands are fine-tuning their trademarks and advertising slogans with the development of the times, including car brands, food brands, clothing brands, daily-use brands, and so on. This highlights the fact that the market positioning of graphic design is not static, and its practicality is the first and artistry is the second in the role of marketing [13].In the visual language of graphic design, visual recognition refers to the image that has certain color, size, shape, or structure and can attract people’s attention from the visual aspect. The amount of information that people can obtain is greatly increased, which not only makes people’s awareness of information greatly enhanced but also makes it difficult for people to focus on the visual aspect. Therefore, in order to attract people’s attention to graphic design from the visual aspect, it is necessary for graphic design to start with image design and effectively attract the public’s attention through special and distinctive design images, which is the centralized embodiment of the visual language of graphic design [14, 15]. The visual language of graphic design is further enhanced. It is believed that with the continuous development of visual art, more and more novel visual expressions will appear in graphic design, and the visual language of visual recognition will be further enhanced.In the process of graphic design, in addition to using bright colors and creative shapes to attract people’s attention, designers also need to integrate some information into the visual language of graphic design, so that people can read the information in the process of watching the graphic design content, so as to achieve the communication and dissemination of information, and this is the readability of the visual language of graphic design. In order to make the visual language of graphic design have certain readability, designers usually need to give certain spiritual and cultural connotation to the graphic design image in the process of graphic design, so that the visual language of graphic design image can be understood by people [16, 17]. Therefore, designers need to strengthen the coherence of the visual language in the graphic design image when designing, so that the graphic design can successfully realize the communication and dissemination of information.In addition to the need to communicate and express information through the visual language of graphic design, graphic design designers also need to make people leave a long-term impression of the graphic design image, and when they think of the impression of the graphic design, they can recall the information that the graphic design works want to convey, and this is the memorability of the visual language. In the visual language expression of graphic design, the memorability of visual language is dependent on the visual recognition characteristics of visual language because graphic design with strong visual recognition characteristics has more innovative and unique graphic design image, which can cause strong stimulation to people’s visual senses and trigger the resonance in people’s heart, so that people can maintain a deep memory of the image of graphic design [18]. In the visual language of graphic design, the harmony and proportion of graphic images can make people find a unique attraction and charm in the process of viewing graphic design, which in turn forms a conditioned reflex in people’s mind and stores their visual impression of graphic design for a long time [19]. If we can control the memorability of visual language in the process of graphic design, we can make graphic design further develop into an innovative and unique art form.


## 3. Methodology

The overall structure of the 3D simulation system for floor plan design was designed using virtual vision technology to provide services to each application system so that each heterogeneous system can easily access data-level services. The 3D simulation technology was used for distributed 3D floor plan design, and the interior space hierarchical layout was realized on the basis of modeling software. The operating system is Win7, and 3D simulation is used as a 3D program development tool, and the OpenGL graphics library is used to provide more point, line, and surface drawing functions in the modeling process. The configuration is shown in Figure1.Figure 1
Overall structure of the 3D simulation system for graphic design.Based on the overall design architecture, the system is modularized and functionalized to provide executable real-time 3D application files for 3D graphic design through virtual vision technology. The application loading mode of the 3D graphic design process is dynamically changed using virtual vision technology. To make the designed software functions more reasonable, 3DMAX 7.0 software is adopted as the 3D model making tool [20].The 3D image virtual reconstruction system is mainly composed of three parts: sensor module, upper computer 3D imaging module, and circuit module, and its specific structure is shown in Figure2.Figure 2
Diagram of the overall system structure.It can be seen from Figure 2 that the system architecture consists of hardware structure, interaction of data and instructions, and management of system coordination. The main control chip is the core of the system, which can realize three-dimensional image reconstruction by combining microcontroller, Gigabit Ethernet, and other devices.Based on the stereo sensors and display technology in 3D virtual reality technology to design the vision module, the module is mainly composed of multiple stereo vision sensors, mainly through the deployment of stereo vision sensors to the design of the indoor environment for three-dimensional imaging display. The specific model of the stereo vision sensor is Xtion ASUS, and its specific technical parameters are given in Table1.Table 1
Specific technical parameters of stereo vision sensor.
Serial numberTechnical indexSpecific parameters1ModelXtion ASUS PRO2Size5 × 3.5 × 18 cm6Viewable angleVertical angle: 57.5°, horizontal angle: 45°7Detection distance0.9∼4.6 m8Supported operating systemWin10, VistaThe data processing module consists of a PC and a GPU. The PC is mainly used for core data processing, and its specific parameters are given in Table2.Table 2
Specific parameters of PC.
Serial numberTechnical indexSpecific parameters1CPUIntel Core i5-0773M2Main frequency4.0 GHz3Memory16 GB4Graphics card modelRadeon AMD HD 0574The GPU is mainly used for image data processing, and the model chosen is Quadro Nvidia 3000M GPU, whose specific parameters are given in Table3.Table 3
Specific parameters of GPU.
Serial numberTechnical indexSpecific parameters1Base model3000 MB2Number of CUDA cores17723Specific type of memoryGDDR44Maximum memory capacity9182 MB5Memory bit width334 bit6Power consumption240W7Resolution2260 × 4186Establishing a good 3D virtual model requires corresponding technologies and tools. Firstly, the acquisition process of hand drawing is introduced: hand drawing with the mouse and forming a pattern with a given sequence of pointsR describes a sequence of ordered points(1)Hαi,βi,χi,Um,where qi indicates the points in the display. The speed of each point is set, i.e., vi=|qiqi+1⟶|; the faster the plotting speed is, the more dispersed the points are and the faster the points are collected.When drawing with the mouse, the handshake will make a noise. In addition, there will be some errors when converting the input data into coordinate points on the display. The lower the resolution of the display, the greater the error. This section uses noise smoothing. The basic idea of smoothing noise is to adjust the value of the current point according to the value of adjacent points. Thus, we have(2)R∗=qi∗|0≤i≤M−1,qi∗=∑j=i−Ni+Nωjqj.In this section, manually draw the second-order curve corresponding to B, which is controlled by the shape of the multi-control point curve described in the following equation:(3)Gw=∑n=0mgnfn,lw,where fn,lw is used to describe the B-sample mixed basis function.From (3), the points Gw on the fitted curve are mainly determined by the control points gn. The inverse subdivision method is used to reduce the noise to ensure that it has equally spaced control points, where(4)A=a0,a1,a2,⋯,amT;B=b0,b1,b2,⋯,bnT;S=XYZ,X=1000000⋯1234112000⋯,Y=0012−143400⋯00112−121434…⋮⋮⋮⋮⋮⋮⋮⋱,Z=⋯0003412114⋯0000001.Because the translation is carried out in the way of analysis and smoothing, the control points can be obtained only by the inverse division of a point sequence, so the adjusted curve corresponds to the initial input.Through the combination of curves, the uniform distribution of points and the adaptive correction of points are realized, which is convenient for the control and operation of 3D model mesh obtained in graphic design.After acquiring and preprocessing hand-drawn strokes, 3D virtual modeling is performed to realize the graphic design. For multi-stroke input, the input stroke information is saved by quaternionsHαi,βi,χi,δi⟶UiDi, and all elements are saved by means of a class library. Among them, αis used to describe the recognized stroke information, β is used to describe the spatial location, χ is used to describe the topological information of the input strokes, and δ is used to describe the stroke characteristics. The stroke information obtained after processing is described by Ui, and the constraints that meet the design conditions are described by Di. Stroke spatial location and topological information are mainly obtained through the stroke recognition process. The information of strokes designed by the designer is saved, and the angles of the planes in which different strokes are located are derived to obtain the spatial positions among the strokes. The three-dimensional modeling process of the designer’s hand-drawn work is as follows.After obtaining and preprocessing handwritten patterns, 3D virtual simulation is carried out to realize graphic design. To input multiple strokes, input and save stroke information through four elements, all of which are stored in the class library. In particular, the identification data used to describe the spatial position and the topological data used to describe the input stroke and the stroke features are described. After processing, the stroke information obtained is described in the description that meets the project conditions. The spatial position and topological information of handwriting are mainly obtained through the process of handwriting recognition. Save the designer’s design information and export different angles to the plane, so as to obtain the spatial position between strokes. The constructor draws the hand-drawn work as follows.(1)
Initialize the input informationHαi,βi,χi,δi.(2)
Identify the strokes drawn by the designer:Hαi,βi,χi,δi⟶UiDi, and output the result if it is a single stroke; if not, proceed to the next step.(3)
Reasoning about the combined condition constraints of the design work.(5)DmUi∧Ui−1∧…∧U1⟶UmUjDk,…,UnDl,Dm.(4)
Judge whetherUm belongs to the known model; if it does, insert it into the model and realize the 3D model construction; otherwise, repeat step (1).In the process described above, step (2) aims to identify the input manual drawing, form the basic information of the image, and determine whether the modeling process is single or multiple. Otherwise, the next step will be to achieve matching by forcing the solution to obtain the 3D model.After establishing the 3D planning work model, this section needs to show their real perception ability to improve the visual effect. The color effect can be obtained by three-dimensional simulation. To perform color mapping, you must set a set of colors and vertex colors for all vertices:(6)kij=boc+toc−bocj×i.After the information data are collected through the above steps, the virtual reconstruction of the 3D image is completed by using the visual interaction technology in visual communication, whose visual elements are mainly composed of display visual elements as well as control visual elements, as shown in Figure3.Figure 3
Virtual image visual interaction process.In Figure3, the visual communication technology is applied to the virtual reconstruction, and the user sends the operation signal through the intelligent terminal, and after the internal processing and storage of the system, the display visual elements are fed back to the 3D image. The user completes the virtual graphic design of the 3D image through the feedback information data.


## 4. Experiments

In the range of 20–30 elements, the indoor environment is simulated by environmental interior design, interior design technology based on 3D virtual reality, system design based on environmental factors, and optimal indoor configuration system design, as shown in Table4. It can be seen that within the range of 20–30 elements, the indoor design time simulation of the indoor design scene of the environmental interior design system based on 3D virtual reality is less than that of the indoor environment optimization based on environmental factors and layout optimization.Table 4
Comparison results of indoor scene simulation time data.
Interior environmental design elements/pc3D virtual reality technology systemEnvironmental factor systemLayout optimization system2012522155851698721125651512516582221235515022166872312265150131626324125421545616602251208815447161552612355150061615527120221585916659281298715988164682912020152321602230120021514616588The comparison results of the time spent on indoor environment modeling are shown in Table5.Table 5
Results of indoor scene simulation time data.
Interior environmental design elements/pc3D virtual reality technology systemEnvironmental factor systemLayout optimization system31134581625918652321315516569185973313235161151846234130211646718472351312616487183213613458164971816837134891615318021381302213155185673913529167891812940131571616818022It can be seen that within the range of 30–40 indoor environment design elements, the indoor environment design technology of scene simulation system based on 3D virtual reality takes less time than the simulation based on environmental factors and the optimization of indoor environment system [21, 22].First, the designer who draws the objects manually starts and then carries out three-dimensional virtual simulation. The three-dimensional virtual simulation results shown in Figure4(a)are shown in Figure 4(b). The diagram manually displays the three-dimensional virtual simulation results as shown in Figures 5(a) and 5(b).Figure 4
Design results with the proposed method. (a) Hand drawing. (b) 3D virtual modeling.
(a)(b)Figure 5
Design results with the proposed method. (a) Hand drawing. (b) 3D virtual modeling.
(a)(b)The analysis of Figures4 and 5 shows that this method can effectively realize the three-dimensional virtual simulation based on manual drawing, make the three-dimensional effect more realistic, and help the designer to show the real intention. Planning and design is an uncertain process, so this section adopts the fuzzy planning evaluation method. The fuzzy evaluation method has been applied to psychology to quantify fuzzy problems [23].When evaluating planning and design methods, it is not determined which type they belong to. Generally speaking, appraisers prefer one evaluation level, but there are other evaluation levels that cannot accurately evaluate their results.The evaluation levels on both sides of the most satisfying level are compared in terms of their degree of conformity. The confidence level is assigned, and then the remaining levels are evaluated. If the participant thinks that the actual feeling matches the leftmost rank, the evaluation is performed in the order from left to right; otherwise, the evaluation is performed in the order from right to left.The analysis of Tables6 and 7 shows that no users are satisfied with the method, only two users are dissatisfied with the method, and all other users are satisfied with the method, of which 34 users are satisfied with the method. In contrast, 9 users were dissatisfied with the compressed sensing method and machine vision, only 10 users were satisfied with the compressed sensing method, and 6 users were satisfied with machine vision.Table 6
Scoring form.
ConformityVery dissatisfied (1)Dissatisfied (2)Generally satisfied (3)Satisfied (4)Very satisfied (5)ConformityCompletely (6)√Basic (5)√A little (2)√Does not meetA little (2)√Basic (1)√Completely (0)Table 7
Comparison of evaluation results with three methods.
Evaluation metricsOur methodApproach SMachine vision methodNumber of very unsatisfactory cases042Number of unsatisfied cases355Number of generally satisfied cases31115More satisfied cases131819Very satisfied cases35114Average score4.573.553.41This paper systematically compares various planning methods based on 3D virtual technology and establishes three image types to be designed. In order to verify the design effect of three systems in three images, the results are shown in Figure6.Figure 6
Design accuracy comparison results.For different design objects, we have compared the design effects of our model in detail. The specific results are shown in Figure7. Further, we show the changes of our model in the design fit in Figure 8, and we can see that it has a good design fit.Figure 7
Comparison results on different design objects.Figure 8
Changes in design fit.From Figure9, the user’s evaluation of this method is 0.65 on average, which is significantly higher than that of the compressed sensing method and machine vision method with 0.2 and 0.15, which shows that this method meets the design requirements and verifies its effectiveness.Figure 9
Comparison results of user satisfaction.


## 5. Conclusion

In graphic design, the main thinking and creativity of planners can be enhanced through visual expression so as to promote graphic design works to be more beautiful. A scheduling method based on 3D virtual vision technology is proposed. In order to create conditions, the acquisition and preprocessing of handwritten patterns are introduced. On this basis, a 3D virtual template with brush image and color is established. Experiments show that this method meets the requirements of designers and helps them show their real intention.



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*Source: 4135519-2022-08-04.xml*