# Common Fixed Point Theorems for Conversely Commuting Mappings Using Implicit Relations

Authors: Sunny Chauhan; Huma Sahper
Journal: Journal of Operators
 (2013)

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## Abstract

The object of this paper is to utilize the notion of conversely commuting mappings due to Lü (2002) and prove some common fixed point theorems in Menger spaces via implicit relations. We give some examples which demonstrate the validity of the hypotheses and degree of generality of our main results.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

In 1986, Jungck [1] introduced the notion of compatible mappings in metric space. Most of the common fixed point theorems for contraction mappings invariably require a compatibility condition besides continuity of at least one of the mappings. Later on, Jungck and Rhoades [2] studied the notion of weakly compatible mappings and utilized it as a tool to improve commutativity conditions in common fixed point theorems. Many mathematicians proved several fixed point results in Menger spaces (see, e.g., [3–9]). In 2002, Lü [10] presented the concept of the converse commuting mappings as a reverse process of weakly compatible mappings and proved common fixed point theorems for single-valued mappings in metric spaces (also see [11]). Recently, Pathak and Verma [12, 13], Chugh et al. [14], and Chauhan et al. [15] proved some interesting common fixed point theorems for converse commuting mappings.In this paper, we prove some unique common fixed point theorems for two pairs of converse commuting mappings in Menger spaces by using implicit relations.


## 2. Preliminaries

Definition 1 (see [16]).
At-norm is a function Δ:[0,1]×[0,1]→[0,1] satisfying(T1)
Δ(a,1)=a,  Δ(0,0)=0;(T2)
Δ(a,b)=Δ(b,a);(T3)
Δ(c,d)≥Δ(a,b) for c≥a,  d≥b;(T4)
Δ(Δ(a,b),c)=Δ(a,Δ(b,c)) for all a,  b,  c in [0,1].
Examples oft-norms are Δ(a,b)=min{a,b},  Δ(a,b)=ab, and Δ(a,b)=max{a+b-1,0}.Definition 2 (see [16]).
A real valued functionf on the set of real numbers is called a distribution function if it is nondecreasing, left continuous with infu∈ℝf(u)=0 and supu∈ℝf(u)=1.
We shall denote byℑ the set of all distribution functions defined on (-∞,∞), while H(t) will always denote the specific distribution function defined by
(1)H(t)={0,ift≤0;1,ift>0.
IfX is a nonempty set, ℱ:X×X→ℑ is called a probabilistic distance on X and the value of ℱ at (x,y)∈X×X is represented by Fx,y.Definition 3 (see [17]).
A probabilistic metric space is an ordered pair(X,ℱ), where X is a nonempty set of elements and ℱ is a probabilistic distance satisfying the following conditions: for all x,y,z∈X and t,s>0, (1)
Fx,y(t)=1 for all t>0 if and only if x=y;(2)
Fx,y(t)=Fy,x(t);(3)
Fx,y(0)=0;(4)
ifFx,y(t)=1 and Fy,z(s)=1, then Fx,z(t+s)=1 for all x,y,z∈X and t,s≥0.
Every metric space(X,d) can always be realized as a probabilistic metric space by considering ℱ:X×X→ℑ defined by Fx,y(t)=H(t-d(x,y)) for all x,y∈X and t∈R. So probabilistic metric spaces offer a wider framework than that of metric spaces and are better suited to cover even wider statistical situations; that is, every metric space can be regarded as a probabilistic metric space of a special kind.Definition 4 (see [16]).
A Menger space(X,ℱ,Δ) is a triplet, where (X,ℱ) is a probabilistic metric space and Δ is a t-norm satisfying the following condition:
(2)Fx,y(t+s)≥Δ(Fx,z(t),Fz,y(s)),
for all x,y,z∈X and t,s≥0.Definition 5 (see [2]).
A pair(A,S) of self-mappings defined on a nonempty set X is said to be weakly compatible (or coincidentally commuting) if they commute at their coincidence points; that is, if Ax=Sx for some x∈X, then ASx=SAx.Definition 6 (see [10]).
A pair(A,S) of self-mappings defined on a nonempty set X is called conversely commuting if, for all x∈X, ASx=SAx implies Ax=Sx.Definition 7 (see [10]).
LetA and S be self-mappings of a nonempty set X. A point x∈X is called commuting point of A and S if ASx=SAx.Lemma 8 (see [18]).
Let(X,ℱ,Δ) be a Menger space. If there exists a constant k∈(0,1) such that
(3)Fx,y(kt)≥Fx,y(t),
for all t>0 with fixed x,y∈X, then x=y.


## 3. Implicit Relations

In 2005, Singh and Jain [19] studied an implicit function and obtained some fixed point results in framework of fuzzy metric spaces.LetΦ be the set of all real continuous functions ϕ:[0,1]4→ℝ, nondecreasing in first argument and satisfying the following conditions.(ϕ-1)
Foru,v≥0, ϕ(u,v,u,v)≥0 or ϕ(u,v,v,u)≥0 implies that u≥v.(ϕ-2)
ϕ(u,u,1,1)≥0 implies that u≥1.Example 9.
Defineϕ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ϕ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=18t1-16t2+8t3-10t4. Then ϕ∈Φ.Since then, Imdad and Ali [20] used the following class of implicit functions for the existence of a common fixed point due to Popa [21]. Many authors proved a number of common fixed point theorems using the notion of implicit relation on different spaces (see, e.g., [22–29]).LetΨ denote the family of all continuous functions ψ:[0,1]4→ℝ satisfying the following conditions.(ψ-1)
For everyu>0,v≥0 with ψ(u,v,u,v)≥0 or ψ(u,v,v,u)≥0, we have u>v.(ψ-2)
ψ(u,u,1,1)<0 for all u>0.Example 10.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-φ(min{t2,t3,t4}), where φ:[0,1]→[0,1] is a continuous function such that φ(s)>s for 0<s<1.Example 11.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-kmin{t2,t3,t4}, where k>1.Example 12.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-kt2-min{t3,t4}, where k>0.Example 13.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-at2-bt3-ct4, where a>1 and b,c≥0(b,c≠1).Example 14.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-at2-b(t3+t4), where a>1 and 0≤b<1.Example 15.
Defineψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t13-kt2t3t4, where k>1.In 2011, Gopal et al. [30] showed that the above-mentioned classes of functions Φ and Ψ are independent classes.


## 4. Main Results

First, we prove a unique common fixed point theorem for two pairs of self-mappings satisfying a class of implicit functionΨ.Theorem 16.
LetA,  B,  S,  and T be four self-mappings of a Menger space (X,ℱ,Δ), where Δ is a continuous t-norm and the pairs (A,S) and (B,T) are conversely commuting, respectively, and satisfy the following conditions:
(4)ψ(FAx,By(t),FSx,Ty(t),FAx,Sx(t),FBy,Ty(t))≥0,
for all x,y∈X, t>0, and ψ∈Ψ. If A and S have a commuting point and B and T have a commuting point, then A,B,S, and T have a unique common fixed point in X.Proof.
Letu be the commuting point of A and S. Then ASu=SAu. And let v be the commuting point of B and T. Then BTv=TBv. Since A and S are conversely commuting, we have Au=Su. Since B and T are conversely commuting, we have Bv=Tv. Hence AAu=ASu=SAu=SSu and BBv=BTv=TBv=TTv.(i)
We claim thatAu=Bv. On using (4) with x=u, y=v, we get
(5)ψ(FAu,Bv(t),FSu,Tv(t),FAu,Su(t),FBv,Tv(t))≥0,
or, equivalently,
(6)ψ(FAu,Bv(t),FAu,Bv(t),1,1)≥0.
Hence, for  FAu,Bv(t)=1 for all t>0, we have Au=Bv. Thus Au=Su=Bv=Tv.(ii)
Now, we show thatAu is a fixed point of mapping A. In order to establish this, using (4) with x=Au, y=v, we have
(7)ψ(FAAu,Bv(t),FSAu,Tv(t),FAAu,SAu(t),FBv,Tv(t))≥0,
and so
(8)ψ(FAAu,Au(t),FAAu,Au(t),1,1)≥0.
Hence, for  FAAu,Au(t)=1 for all  t>0, we get AAu=Au.  Similarly we show that Bv=BBv. On using (4) with x=u, y=Bv, we have
(9)ψ(FAu,BBv(t),FSu,TBv(t),FAu,Su(t),FBBv,TBv(t))≥0,
or, equivalently,
(10)ψ(FBv,BBv(t),FBv,BBv(t),1,1)≥0.
Thus, FAAu,Au(t)=1  for all  t>0  and we obtain BBv = Bv. Since Au=Bv, we have Au = Bv = BBv = BAu which shows that Au is a fixed point of the mapping B. On the other hand, Au = Bv = BBv = TBv = TAu and Au = AAu = ASu = SAu. Hence Au(=w∈X) is a common fixed point of A,  B,  S,  and T.(iii)
For the uniqueness of common fixed point, we use (4) with x=w and y=u^, where u^ is another common fixed point of the mappings A,  B,  S, and T. Now we have
(11)ψ(FAw,Bu^(t),FSw,Tu^(t),FAw,Sw(t),FBu^,Tu^(t))≥0,
and so
(12)ψ(Fw,u^(t),Fw,u^(t),1,1)≥0.
Hence, we get w=u^. Therefore, w is a unique common fixed point of the mappings A,  B,  S, and T.Now, we give an example which illustrates Theorem16.Example 17.
LetX=[1,∞) with the metric d defined by d(x,y)=|x-y| and for each t∈[0,1], define
(13)Fx,y(t)={tt+|x-y|,ift>0;0,ift=0,
for all x,y∈X. Define Δ(a,b)=min{a,b}. Clearly (X,ℱ,Δ) is a Menger space. Let ψ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ψ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=t1-φ(min{t2,t3,t4}) with φ(s)=s for 0<s<1. Define the self-mappings A,B,S, and T by
(14)A(x)={2x-1,ifx<2;1,ifx≥2,S(x)={x2,ifx<2;x+3,ifx≥2,B(x)={2x-1,ifx<2;2,ifx≥2,T(x)={3x2-2,ifx<2;x2+1,ifx≥2.
Hence the pairs(A,S) and (B,T) are conversely commuting and 1 is a unique common fixed point of the mappings A,B,S, and T.Corollary 18.
The conclusions of Theorem16 remain true if condition (4) is replaced by one of the following conditions: for all x,y∈X(15)FAx,By(t)≥φ(min{FSx,Ty(t),FAx,Sx(t),FBy,Ty(t)}),
where φ:[0,1]→[0,1] is a continuous function such that φ(s)>s for all 0<s<1;
(16)FAx,By(t)≥k(min{FSx,Ty(t),FAx,Sx(t),FBy,Ty(t)}),
where k>1;
(17)FAx,By(t)≥kFSx,Ty(t)+min{FAx,Sx(t),FBy,Ty(t)},
where k>0;
(18)FAx,By(t)≥aFSx,Ty(t)+bFAx,Sx(t)+cFBy,Ty(t),
where a>1 and b,c≥0(b,c≠1);
(19)FAx,By(t)≥aFSx,Ty(t)+b[FAx,Sx(t)+FBy,Ty(t)],
where a>1 and 0≤b<1;
(20)FAx,By(t)≥kFSx,Ty(t)FAx,Sx(t)FBy,Ty(t),
where k>1.Proof.
The proof of each inequality (15)–(20) easily follows from Theorem 16 in view of Examples 10–15.Now we state a unique common fixed point theorem satisfying a class of implicit functionΦ.Theorem 19.
LetA,  B,  S,  and T be four self-mappings on a Menger space (X,ℱ,Δ), where Δ is a continuous t-norm, the pairs (A,S) and (B,T) are conversely commuting, respectively, and satisfying
(21)ϕ(FAx,By(kt),FSx,Ty(t),FAx,Sx(t),FBy,Ty(kt))≥0,ϕ(FAx,By(kt),FSx,Ty(t),FAx,Sx(kt),FBy,Ty(t))≥0,
for all x,y∈X, t>0, k∈(0,1) and ϕ∈Φ. If A and S have a commuting point and B and T have a commuting point, then A,  B,  S,  and T have a unique common fixed point in X.Proof.
The proof of this theorem can be completed on the lines of the proof of Theorem16 (in view of Lemma 8); hence details are omitted.Example 20.
In the setting of Example17, define ϕ:[0,1]4→ℝ as ϕ(t1,t2,t3,t4)=18t1-16t2-8t3+10t4 besides retaining the rest. Therefore, all the conditions of Theorem 19 are satisfied for some fixed k∈(0,1) and 1 is a unique common fixed point of the mappings A,B,S, and T.
By choosingA,  B,  S,  and T suitably, we can deduce corollaries involving two as well as three self-mappings. For the sake of naturality, we only derive the following corollary (due to Theorem 16) involving a pair of self-mappings.Corollary 21.
LetA and S be two self-mappings of a Menger space (X,ℱ,Δ), where Δ is a continuous t-norm and the mappings A and S are conversely commuting satisfying
(22)ψ(FAx,Ay(t),FSx,Sy(t),FAx,Sx(t),FAy,Sy(t))≥0,
for all x,y∈X, t>0, and ψ∈Ψ. If A and S have a commuting point, then A and S have a unique common fixed point in X.



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