# Continuous g-Frame in HilbertC∗-Modules

Authors: Mehdi Rashidi Kouchi; Akbar Nazari
Journal: Abstract and Applied Analysis
 (2011)

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## Abstract

We give a generalization of g-frame in HilbertC∗-modules that was introduced by Khosravies then investigated some properties of it by Xiao and Zeng. This generalization is a natural generalization of continuous and discrete g-frames and frame in Hilbert space too. We characterize continuous g-frame g-Riesz in Hilbert C∗-modules and give some equality and inequality of these frames.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Frames for Hilbert spaces were first introduced in 1952 by Duffin and Schaeffer [1] for study of nonharmonic Fourier series. They were reintroduced and development in 1986 by Daubechies et al. [2] and popularized from then on. The theory of frames plays an important role in signal processing because of their importance to quantization [3], importance to additive noise [4], as well their numerical stability of reconstruction [4] and greater freedom to capture signal characteristics [5, 6]. See also [7–9]. Frames have been used in sampling theory [10, 11], to oversampled perfect reconstruction filter banks [12], system modelling [13], neural networks [14] and quantum measurements [15]. New applications in image processing [16], robust transmission over the Internet and wireless [17–19], coding and communication [20, 21] were given. For basic results on frames, see [4, 12, 22, 23].letH be a Hilbert space, and I a set which is finite or countable. A system {fi}i∈I⊆H is called a frame for H if there exist the constants A,B>0 such that (1.1)A‖f‖2≤∑i∈I|〈f,fi〉|2≤B‖f‖2
for all f∈H. The constants A and B are called frame bounds. If A=B we call this frame a tight frame and if A=B=1 it is called a Parseval frame.In [24] Sun introduced a generalization of frames and showed that this includes more other cases of generalizations of frame concept and proved that many basic properties can be derived within this more general context.LetU and V be two Hilbert spaces, and {Vj:j∈J} is a sequence of subspaces of V, where J is a subset of Z. L(U,Vj) is the collection of all bounded linear operators from U into Vj. We call a sequence {Λj∈L(U,Vj):j∈J} a generalized frame, or simply a g-frame, for U with respect to {Vj:j∈J} if there are two positive constants A and B such that(1.2)A‖f‖2≤∑i∈J‖Λjf‖2≤B‖f‖2
for all f∈U. The constants A and B are called g-frame bounds. If A=B we call this g-frame a tight g-frame, and if A=B=1 it is called a Parseval g-frame.On the other hand, the concept of frames especially the g-frames was introduced in HilbertC*-modules, and some of their properties were investigated in [25–27]. Frank and Larson [25] defined the standard frames in Hilbert C*-modules in 1998 and got a series of result for standard frames in finitely or countably generated Hilbert C*-modules over unital C*-algebras. As for Hilbert C*-module, it is a generalization of Hilbert spaces in that it allows the inner product to take values in a C*-algebra rather than the field of complex numbers. There are many differences between Hilbert C*-modules and Hilbert spaces. For example, we know that any closed subspace in a Hilbert space has an orthogonal complement, but it is not true for Hilbert C*-module. And we cannot get the analogue of the Riesz representation theorem of continuous functionals in Hilbert C*-modules generally. Thus it is more difficult to make a discussion of the theory of Hilbert C*-modules than that of Hilbert spaces in general. We refer the readers to papers [28, 29] for more details on Hilbert C*-modules. In [27, 30], the authors made a discussion of some properties of g-frame in Hilbert C*-module in some aspects.The concept of a generalization of frames to a family indexed by some locally compact space endowed with a Radon measure was proposed by Kaiser [23] and independently by Ali at al. [31]. These frames are known as continuous frames. Let H be a Hilbert space, and let (M;𝒮;μ) be a measure space. A continuous frame in H indexed by M is a family h={hm∈H:m∈M} such that (a)
for anyf∈H, the function f̃:M→C defined by f̃(m)=〈hm,f〉 is measurable;(b)
there is a pair of constants0<A,B such that, for any f∈H,(1.3)A‖f‖H2≤‖f̃‖L2(μ)2≤B‖f‖H2.
If M=N and μ is the counting measure, the continuous frame is a frame.The paper is organized as follows. In Sections2 and 3 we recall the basic definitions and some notations about continuous g-frames in Hilbert C*-module; we also give some basic properties of g-frames which we will use in the later sections. In Section 4, we give some characterization for continuous g-frames in Hilbert C*-modules. In Section 5, we extend some important equalities and inequalities of frame in Hilbert spaces to continuous frames and continuous g-frames in Hilbert C*-modules.


## 2. Preliminaries

In the following we review some definitions and basic properties of HilbertC*-modules and g-frames in Hilbert C*-module; we first introduce the definition of Hilbert C*-modules.Definition 2.1.
LetA be a C*-algebra with involution *. An inner product A-module (or pre-Hilbert A-module) is a complex linear space H which is a left A-module with map 〈·,·〉:H×H→A which satisfies the following properties:(1)
〈αf+βg,h〉=α〈f,h〉+β〈g,h〉 for all f,g,h∈Handα,β∈C;(2)
〈af,g〉=a〈f,g〉 for all f,g∈H and a∈A;(3)
〈f,g〉=〈g,f〉* for all f,g∈H;(4)
〈f,f〉≥0 for all f∈H and 〈f,f〉=0 if and only if f=0.For f∈H, we define a norm on H by ∥f∥H=∥〈f,f〉∥A1/2. Let H is complete with this norm, it is called a Hilbert C*-module over A or a Hilbert A-module.An elementa of a C*-algebra A is positive if a*=a and spectrum of a is a subset of positive real number. We write a≥0 to mean that a is positive. It is easy to see that 〈f,f〉≥0 for every f∈H, hence we define |f|=〈f,f〉1/2.Frank and Larson [25] defined the standard frames in Hilbert C*-modules. If H be a Hilbert C*-module, and I a set which is finite or countable. A system {fi}i∈I⊆H is called a frame for H if there exist the constants A,B>0 such that (2.1)A〈f,f〉≤∑i∈I〈f,fi〉〈fi,f〉≤B〈f,f〉
for all f∈H. The constants A and B are called frame bounds.A. Khosravi and B. Khosravi [27] defined g-frame in Hilbert C*-module. Let U and V be two Hilbert C*-module, and {Vi:i∈I} is a sequence of subspaces of V, where I is a subset of Z and EndA*(U,Vi) is the collection of all adjointable A-linear maps from U into Vi that is, 〈Tf,g〉=〈f,T*g〉 for all f,g∈H and T∈EndA*(U,Vi). We call a sequence {Λi∈EndA*(U,Vi):i∈I} a generalized frame, or simply a g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vi:i∈I} if there are two positive constants A and B such that(2.2)A〈f,f〉≤∑i∈I〈Λif,Λif〉≤B〈f,f〉
for all f∈U. The constants A and B are called g-frame bounds. If A=B we call this g-frame a tight g-frame, and if A=B=1 it is called a Parseval g-frame.Let(M;𝒮;μ) be a measure space, let U and V be two Hilbert C*-modules, {Vm:m∈M} is a sequence of subspaces of V, and EndA*(U,Vm) is the collection of all adjointable A-linear maps from U into Vm.Definition 2.2.
We call a net{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} a continuous generalized frame, or simply a continuous g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if(a)
for anyf∈U, the function f̃:M→Vm defined by f̃(m)=Λmf is measurable;(b)
there is a pair of constants0<A,B such that, for any f∈U,(2.3)A〈f,f〉≤∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)≤B〈f,f〉.
The constants A and B are called continuous g-frame bounds. If A=B we call this continuous g-frame a continuous tight g-frame, and if A=B=1 it is called a continuous Parseval g-frame. If only the right-hand inequality of (2.3) is satisfied, we call {Λm:m∈M} the continuous g-Bessel for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} with Bessel bound B.IfM=N and μ is the counting measure, the continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} is a g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.LetX be a Banach space, (Ω,μ) a measure space, and function f:Ω→X a measurable function. Integral of the Banach-valued function f has defined Bochner and others. Most properties of this integral are similar to those of the integral of real-valued functions for example triangle inequality. The reader is referred to [32, 33] for more details. Because every C*-algebra and Hilbert C*-module is a Banach space thus we can use this integral and its properties.Example 2.3.
LetU be a Hilbert C*-module on C*-algebra A, and let {fm:m∈M} be a frame for U. Let Λm be the functional induced by
(2.4)Λmf=〈f,fm〉,∀f∈U.
Then {Λm:m∈M} is a g-frame for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to V=Vm=A.Example 2.4.
Ifψ∈L2(R) is admissible, that is,
(2.5)Cψ:=∫-∞∞|ψ̂(γ)|2|γ|dγ<∞.
and, for a,b∈R and a≠0(2.6)ψa,b(x)=TbDaψ(x)=1|a|ψ(x-ba),∀x∈R,
then {ψa,b}a≠0,b∈R is a continuous frame for L2(R) with respect to R∖{0}×R equipped with the measure dadb/a2 and, for all f∈L2(R),
(2.7)f(x)=1Cψ∬-∞∞Wψ(f)(a,b)ψa,b(x)dadba2,
where Wψ is the continuous wavelet transform defined by
(2.8)Wψ(f)(a,b)=〈f,ψa,b〉=∫-∞∞f(x)1|a|ψ(x-ba)¯dx.
For details, see [12, Proposition 11.1.1 and Corollary 11.1.2].


## 3. Continuous g-Frame Operator and Dual Continuous g-Frame on  HilbertC*-Algebra

Let{Λm:m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. Define the continuous g-frame operator S on U by (3.1)Sf=∫MΛm*Λmfdμ(m).Lemma 3.1 (see [33]).
Let(Ω,μ) be a measure space, X and Y are two Banach spaces, λ:X→Y be a bounded linear operator and f:Ω→X measurable function; then
(3.2)λ(∫Ωfdμ)=∫Ω(λf)dμ.Proposition 3.2.
The frame operatorS is a bounded, positive, selfadjoint, and invertible.Proof.
First we show,S is a selfadjoint operator. By Lemma 3.1 and property (3) of Definition 2.1 for any f,g∈U we have
(3.3)〈Sf,g〉=〈∫MΛm*Λmfdμ(m),g〉=∫M〈Λm*Λmf,g〉dμ(m)=∫M〈f,Λm*Λmg〉dμ(m)=〈f,∫MΛm*Λmgdμ(m)〉=〈f,Sg〉.
It is clear that we have
(3.4)〈Sf,f〉=∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m).
Now we show that S is a bounded operator
(3.5)‖S‖=sup⁡‖f‖≤1‖〈Sf,f〉‖=sup⁡‖f‖≤1‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖≤B.
Inequality (2.3) and equality (3.4) mean that
(3.6)A〈f,f〉≤〈Sf,f〉≤B〈f,f〉
or in the notation from operator theory AI≤S≤BI; thus S is a positive operator. Furthermore, 0≤A-1S-I≤((B-A)/A)I, and consequently ∥A-1S-I∥≤1; this shows that S is invertible.Proposition 3.3.
Let{Λm:m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} with continuous g-frame operator S with bounds A and B. Then {Λ̃m:m∈M} defined by Λ̃m=ΛmS-1 is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} with continuous g-frame operator S-1 with bounds 1/B and 1/A. That is called continuous canonical dual g-frame of {Λm:m∈M}.Proof.
LetS̃ be the continuous g-frame operator associated with {Λ̃m:m∈M} that is S̃f=∫MΛm̃*Λm̃fdμ(m). Then for f∈U,
(3.7)SS̃f=∫MSΛm̃*Λm̃fdμ(m)=∫MSS-1Λm*ΛmS-1fdμ(m)=∫MΛm*ΛmS-1fdμ(m)=SS-1f=f.
Hence S̃=S-1.
Since{Λm:m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for H, then AI≤S≤BI. On other hand since I and S are selfadjoint and S-1 commutative with I and S, AIS-1≤SS-1≤BIS-1, and hence B-1I≤S-1≤A-1I.Remark 3.4.
We haveΛ̃mS̃-1=ΛmS-1S=Λm. In other words {Λm:m∈M} and {Λ̃m:m∈M} are dual continuous g-frame with respect to each other.


## 4. Some Characterizations of Continuous g-Frames in HilbertC*-Module

In this section, we will characterize the equivalencies of continuous g-frame in HilbertC*-module from several aspects. As for Theorem 4.2, we show that the continuous g-frame is equivalent to which the middle of (2.3) is norm bounded. As for Theorems 4.3 and 4.6, the characterization of g-frame is equivalent to the characterization of bounded operator T.Lemma 4.1 (see [34]).
LetA be a C*-algebra, U and V two Hilbert A-modules, and T∈EndA*(U,V). Then the following statements are equivalent: (1)
T is surjective;(2)
T* is bounded below with respect to norm, that is, there is m>0 such that ∥T*f∥≥m∥f∥ for all f∈U;(3)
T* is bounded below with respect to the inner product, that is, there is m′>0 such that 〈T*f,T*f〉≥m′〈f,f〉.Theorem 4.2.
LetΛm∈EndA*(U,Vm) for any m∈M. Then {Λm:m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if and only if there exist constants A,B>0 such that for any f∈U(4.1)A‖f‖2≤‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖≤B‖f‖2.Proof.
Let{Λm:m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. Then inequality (4.1) is an immediate result of C*-algebra theory.
If inequality (4.1) holds, then by Proposition 3.2, 〈S1/2f,S1/2f〉=〈Sf,f〉=∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m), hence A∥f∥≤∥S1/2f∥≤B∥f∥ for any f∈U. Now by use of Lemma 4.1, there are constants C,D>0 such that
(4.2)C〈f,f〉≤∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)≤D〈f,f〉,
which implies that {Λm:m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.We define(4.3)⨁m∈MVm={g={gm}:gm∈Vm,‖∫M|gm|2dμ(m)‖<∞}.For anyf={fm:m∈M} and g={gm:m∈M}, if the A-valued inner product is defined by 〈f,g〉=∫M〈fm,gm〉dμ(m), the norm is defined by ∥f∥=∥〈f,f〉∥1/2, then ⨁m∈MVm is a Hilbert A-module (see [28]).Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, we define synthesis operator T:⨁m∈MVm→U by; T(g)=∫MΛm*gmdμ(m) for all g={gm:m∈M}∈⨁m∈MVm. So analysis operator is defined for map F:U→⨁m∈MVm by F(f)={Λm:m∈M} for any f∈U.Theorem 4.3.
A net{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if and only if synthesis operator T is well defined and surjective.Proof.
Let{Λm:m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}; then operator T is well defined and ∥T∥≤B because
(4.4)‖Tg‖2=‖∫MΛm*gmdμ(m)‖2=sup⁡f∈U,‖f‖=1‖〈∫MΛm*gmdμ(m),f〉‖=sup⁡f∈U,‖f‖=1⁡‖∫M〈gm,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖≤sup⁡⁡f∈U,‖f‖=1‖∫M〈gm,gm〉dμ(m)‖‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖≤B‖∫M〈gm,gm〉dμ(m)‖.
For anyf∈U, by that S is invertible, there exist g∈U such that f=Sg=∫Mλm*λmgdμ(m). Since {Λm:m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, so {λmg:m∈M}∈⨁m∈MVm and T({λmg}m∈M)=∫Mλm*λmgdμ(m)=f, which implies that T is surjective.
Now letT be a well-defined operator. Then for any f∈U we have
(4.5)‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖=‖∫M〈f,Λm*Λmf〉dμ(m)‖=‖〈f,∫MΛm*Λmfdμ(m)〉‖≤‖f‖‖∫MΛm*Λmfdμ(m)‖=‖f‖‖T({Λmf}m∈M)‖≤‖f‖‖T‖‖{Λmf}m∈M‖≤‖f‖‖T‖‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖1/2.
It follow that ∥∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)∥≤∥f∥2∥T∥2.
On the other hand, sinceT is surjective, by Lemma 4.1, T* is bounded below, so T*|R(T*) is invertible. Then for any f∈U, we have (T*|R(T*))-1T*f=f, so ∥f∥2≤∥T*f∥2∥(T*|R(T*))-1∥2. It is easy to check that
(4.6)T*:U⟶⨁m∈MVm,T*(f)={Λm:m∈M}‖T*f‖2=‖{Λm}m∈M‖2=‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖.
Hence ∥f∥2≤∥∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)∥∥(T*|R(T*))-1∥2.Corollary 4.4.
A net{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Bessel net for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if and only if synthesis operator T is well defined and ∥T∥≤D.Definition 4.5.
A continuous g-frame{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} in Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} is said to be a continuous g-Riesz basis if it satisfies that (1)
λm≠0 for any m∈M;(2)
if∫KΛm*gmdμ(m)=0, then every summand Λm*gm is equal to zero, where {gm}m∈K∈⨁m∈KVm and K is a measurable subset of M.Theorem 4.6.
A net{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Riesz for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if and only if synthesis operator T is homeomorphism.Proof.
We firstly suppose that{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Bessel net for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. By Theorem 4.3 and that it is g-frame, T is surjective. If Tf=∫MΛm*fmdμ(m)=0 for some f={fm:m∈M}∈⨁m∈MVm, according to the definition of continuous g-Riesz basis we have Λm*fm=0 for any m∈M, and Λm≠0, so fm=0 for any m∈M, namely f=0. Hence T is injective.
Now we let the synthesis operatorT be homeomorphism. By Theorem 4.3  {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. It is obviouse that Λm≠0 for any m∈M. Since T is injective, so if Tf=∫MΛm*fmdμ(m)=0, then f={fm:m∈M}=0, so Λm*fm=0. Therefore {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Riesz for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.Theorem 4.7.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, with g-frame bounds A1,B1≥0. Let Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm) for any m∈M. Then the following are equivalent:(1)
{Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M};(2)
there exists a constantN>0, such that for any f∈U, one has(4.7)‖∫M〈(Λm-Γm)f,(Λm-Γm)f〉dμ(m)‖≤Nmin⁡(‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖,‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖).Proof.
First we let{Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} with bounds A2,B2>0. Then for any f∈U, we have
(4.8)‖∫M〈(Λm-Γm)f,(Λm-Γm)f〉dμ(m)‖=‖{(Λm-Γm)f}m∈M‖2≤‖{Λmf}m∈M‖2+‖{Γmf}m∈M‖2=‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖+‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖≤‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖+B2‖f‖2≤‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖+B2A1‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖=(1+B2A1)‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖.
Similarly we can obtain
(4.9)‖∫M〈(Λm-Γm)f,(Λm-Γm)f〉dμ(m)‖≤(1+B1A2)‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖.
Let N=min{1+B2/A1,1+B1/A2}; then inequality (4.7) holds.
Next we suppose that inequality (4.7) holds. For any f∈U, we have
(4.10)A1‖f‖2≤‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖=‖{Λmf}m∈M‖2≤‖{(Λm-Γm)f}m∈M‖2+‖{Γmf}m∈M‖2=‖∫M〈(Λm-Γm)f,(Λm-Γm)f〉dμ(m)‖+‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖≤N‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖+‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖=(N+1)‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖.
Also we can obtain(4.11)‖∫M〈Γmf,Γmf〉dμ(m)‖≤‖{Λmf}m∈M‖2+‖{(Λm-Γm)f}m∈M‖2=‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖+‖∫M〈(Λm-Γm)f,(Λm-Γm)f〉dμ(m)‖≤N‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖+‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖=(N+1)‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖≤B1(N+1)‖f‖2.Next we will introduce a bounded operatorL about two g-Bessel sequences in Hilbert C*-module. The idea is derived from the operator SVW which was considered for fusion frames by Găvruţa in [35]. In this paper, we will use the operator L to characterize the g-frames of Hilbert C*-module further. Let {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} and {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be two g-Bessel sequences for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, with Bessel bounds B1,B2>0, respectively. Then there exists a well-defined operator(4.12)L:U⟶U,Lf=∫MΓm*Λmfdμ(m)∀f∈U.
As a matter of fact, for any f∈U, we have (4.13)‖∫MΓm*Λmfdμ(m)‖2=sup⁡g∈U,‖g‖=1⁡‖〈∫MΓm*Λmfdμ(m),g〉‖2=sup⁡g∈U,‖g‖=1‖∫M〈Λmf,Γmg〉dμ(m)‖2≤sup⁡g∈U,‖g‖=1‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖‖∫M〈Γmg,Γmg〉dμ(m)‖≤B2‖∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)‖.
It is easy to know that L*f=∫MΛm*Γmfdμ(m) and ∥L∥≤B1B2.Theorem 4.8.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, with g-frame bounds A1,B1≥0. Suppose that {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Bessel net for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. If L is surjective, then {Γm:m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.
On the contrary, if{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Riesz basis for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then L is surjective.Proof.
Suppose that{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. By Theorem 4.3, we can define the synthesis operator T of (4.12). It is easy to check that the adjoint operator of T is analysis operator as follows:
(4.14)T*:U⟶⨁m∈MVmbyT*(f)={Λm:m∈M}
for any f∈U.
On the other hand, since{Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Bessel net for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, by Corollary 4.4 we also can define the corresponding operator Q:⨁m∈MVm→U,Q(g)=∫MΓm*(gm)dμ(m).
Hence we haveLf=∫MΓm*Λfdμ(m)=QT*f for any f∈U, namely, L=QT*. Since L is surjective, then for any f∈U, there exists g∈U such that f=Lg=QT*g, and T*g∈⨁m∈MVm, it follows that Q is surjective. By Theorem 4.3 we know that {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.
On the contrary, suppose that{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Riesz basis and {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. By Theorem 4.6, T is homeomorphous, so is T*. By Theorem 4.3  Q is surjective, therefore L=QT* is surjective.Theorem 4.9.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-Riesz basis, {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-Bessel net for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. Then {Γm:m∈M} a continuous g-Riesz basis for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} if and only if L is invertible.Proof.
We first suppose thatL is invertible. Since {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a g-Riesz basis, {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a g-Bessel sequence for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, by Theorem 4.3 and Corollary 4.4 we can define the operators T,Q mentioned before and T is homeomorphous, hence T* is also invertible. From the proof of Theorem 4.7 we know that L=QT*. Since L is invertible, so is Q. By Theorem 4.6 we have that {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a g-Riesz basis for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}.
Now we let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} and {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be two g-Riesz basis for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}. By Theorem 4.6 both T,Q are invertible, so L=QT* is invertible too.


## 5. Some Equalities for Continuous g-frames in HilbertC*-Modules

Some equalities for frames involving the real parts of some complex numbers have been established in [36]. These equalities generalized in [30] for g-frames in Hilbert C*-modules. In this section, we generalize the equalities to a more general form which generalized before equalities and we deduce some equalities for g-frames in Hilbert C*-modules to alternate dual g-frame.In [37], the authors verified a longstanding conjecture of the signal processing community: a signal can be reconstructed without information about the phase. While working on efficient algorithms for signal reconstruction, the authors of [38] established the remarkable Parseval frame equality given below.Theorem 5.1.
If{fj:j∈J} is a Parseval frame for Hilbert space H, then for any K⊂J and f∈H, one has
(5.1)∑j∈K|〈f,fj〉|2-‖∑j∈K〈f,fj〉fj‖2=∑j∈Kc|〈f,fj〉|2-‖∑j∈Kc〈f,fj〉fj‖2.Theorem5.1 was generalized to alternate dual frames [36]. If {fj:j∈J} is a frame, then frame {gj:j∈J} is called alternate dual frame of {fj:j∈J} if for any f∈H, f=∑j∈J〈f,gj〉fj.Theorem 5.2.
If{fj:j∈J} is a frame for Hilbert space H and {gj:j∈J} is an alternate dual frame of {fj:j∈J}, then for any K⊂J and f∈H, one has
(5.2)Re(∑j∈K〈f,gj〉〈f,fj〉¯)-‖∑j∈K〈f,gj〉fj‖2=Re(∑j∈Kc〈f,gj〉〈f,fj〉¯)-‖∑j∈Kc〈f,gj〉fj‖2.Recently, Zhu and Wu in [39] generalized equality (5.2) to a more general form which does not involve the real parts of the complex numbers.Theorem 5.3.
If{fj:j∈J} is a frame for Hilbert space H and {gj:j∈J} is an alternate dual frame of {fj:j∈J}, then for any K⊂J and f∈H, one has
(5.3)(∑j∈K〈f,gj〉〈f,fj〉¯)-‖∑j∈K〈f,gj〉fj‖2=(∑j∈Kc〈f,gj〉〈f,fj〉¯)¯-‖∑j∈Kc〈f,gj〉fj‖2.Now, we extended this equality to continuous g-frames and g-frames in HilbertC*-modules and Hilbert spaces. Let H be a Hilbert C*-module. If {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous g-frame for U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then continuous g-frame {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is called alternate dual continuous g-frame of {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} if for any f∈H, f=∫M〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m).Lemma 5.4 (see [30]).
LetH be a Hilbert C*-module. If P,Q∈EndA*(H,H) are two bounded A-linear operators in H and P+Q=IH, then one has
(5.4)P-P*P=Q*-Q*Q.Now, we present main theorem of this section. In following, some result of this theorem for the discrete case will be present.Theorem 5.5.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} and continuous g-frame {Γm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is alternate dual continuous g-frame of {Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈H, one has
(5.5)∫K〈f,Γmf〉〈f,Λmf〉*dμ(m)-|∫K〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m)|2=(∫Kc〈f,Γmf〉〈f,Λmf〉*dμ(m))*-|∑j∈Kc〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m)|2.Proof.
For any measurable subsetK⊂M, let the operator UK be defined for any f∈H by UKf=∫K〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m).
Then it is easy to prove that the operatorUK is well defined and the integral ∫K〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m) it is finite. By definition alternate dual continuous g-frame UK+UKc=1. Thus, by Lemma 5.4 we have
(5.6)∫K〈f,Γmf〉〈f,Λmf〉*dμ(m)-|∫K〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m)|2=∫K〈〈f,Γmf〉Λmf,f〉dμ(m)-〈UKf,UKf〉=〈UKf,f〉-〈UK*UKf,f〉=〈UKc*f,f〉-〈UKc*UKcf,f〉=〈f,UKcf〉-〈UKcf,UKcf〉=(∫Kc〈f,Γmf〉〈f,Λmf〉*dμ(m))*-|∑j∈Kc〈f,Γmf〉Λmfdμ(m)|2.
Hence the theorem holds. The proof is completed.Corollary 5.6.
Let{Λj∈EndA*(U,Vj):j∈J} be a discrete g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vj:j∈J}, and discrete g-frame {Γj∈EndA*(U,Vj):j∈J} is alternate dual discrete g-frame of {Λj∈EndA*(U,Vj):j∈J}, then for any subset K⊂J and f∈H, one has
(5.7)∑j∈K〈f,Γjf〉〈f,Λjf〉*-|∑j∈K〈f,Γjf〉Λjf|2=(∑j∈Kc〈f,Γjf〉〈f,Λjf〉*)*-|∑j∈Kc〈f,Γjf〉Λjf|2.Corollary 5.7.
Let{Λj∈L(U,Vj):j∈J} be a g-frame, for Hilbert space U with respect to {Vj:j∈J} and g-frame {Γj∈L(U,Vj):j∈J} is alternate dual g-frame of {Λj∈L(U,Vj):j∈J}, then for any measurable subset K⊂J and f∈H, one has
(5.8)∑j∈K〈f,Γjf〉〈f,Λjf〉¯-|∑j∈K〈f,Γjf〉Λjf|2=(∑j∈Kc〈f,Γjf〉〈f,Λjf〉¯)¯-|∑j∈Kc〈f,Γjf〉Λjf|2.The following results generalize the results in [30] in the case of continuous g-frames.Lemma 5.8 (see [30]).
LetH be a Hilbert C*-module. If T is a bounded, selfadjoint linear operator and satisfy 〈Tf,f〉=0, for all f∈H, then T=0.Lemma 5.9 (see [30]).
LetH be a Hilbert C*-module. If P,Q∈EndA*(H,H) are two bounded, selfadjoint A-linear operators in H and P+Q=IH, then one has
(5.9)〈Pf,f〉+|Qf|2=〈Qf,f〉+|Pf|2≥34〈f,f〉.Theorem 5.10.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M} and let {Λ̃m:m∈M} be the canonical dual continuous g-frame of {Λm:m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈U, one has
(5.10)∫K〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+∫M〈Λ̃mSKcf,Λ̃mSKcf〉dμ(m)=∫Kc〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+∫M〈Λ̃mSKf,Λ̃mSKf〉dμ(m)≥34∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m).Proof.
SinceS is an invertible, positive operator on U, and SK+SKc=S, then S-1/2SKS-1/2+S-1/2SKcS-1/2=IU. Let P=S-1/2SKS-1/2,Q=S-1/2SKcS-1/2. By Lemma 5.9, we obtain
(5.11)〈S-1/2SKS-1/2f,f〉+|S-1/2SKcS-1/2f|2=〈S-1/2SKcS-1/2f,f〉+|S-1/2SKS-1/2f|2≥34〈f,f〉.
Replacing f by S1/2f, then one has
(5.12)〈SKf,f〉+〈S-1SKcf,SKcf〉=〈SKcf,f〉+〈S-1SKf,SKf〉≥34〈Sf,f〉.
On the other hand, we have
(5.13)〈SKf,f〉=〈∫KΛm*Λmfdμ(m),f〉=∫K〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m),∫K〈Λ̃mf,Λ̃mf〉dμ(m)=∫K〈ΛmS-1f,ΛmS-1f〉dμ(m)=∫K〈Λm*ΛmS-1f,ΛmS-1f〉dμ(m)=〈∫KΛm*ΛmS-1fdμ(m),ΛmS-1f〉=〈SS-1f,S-1f〉=〈f,S-1f〉=〈S-1f,f〉.
Associating with (5.12) the proof is finished.Corollary 5.11.
Let{fm∈H:m∈M} be a continuous frame for Hilbert C*-module H with canonical dual frame {f̃m∈H:m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈H, one has
(5.14)∫K〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+∫M〈SKcf,f̃j〉〈f̃j,SKcf〉dμ(m)=∫Kc〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+∫M〈SKf,f̃j〉〈f̃j,SKf〉dμ(m).Proof.
For anyf∈U, if we let Λmf=〈f,fj〉 in Theorem 5.10, then we get the conclusion.Theorem 5.12.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous Parseval g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈U, one has
(5.15)∫K〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+|∫KcΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2=∫Kc〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+|∫KΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2≥34〈f,f〉.Proof.
Since{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} is a continuous Parseval g-frame in Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then for any f∈U, we have
(5.16)∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)=〈f,f〉.
So
(5.17)〈Sf,f〉=〈∫MΛm*Λmfdμ(m),f〉=∫M〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)=〈f,f〉.
Hence for any f∈U, we have 〈(S-IU)f,f〉=0. Let T=S-IU. Since S is bounded, selfadjoint, then T*=(S-IU)*=S*-IU*=S-IU=T, so T is also bounded, selfadjoint. By Lemma 5.8, we have T=0, namely, S=IU, so Λ̃m=ΛmS-1=Λm. From (5.16), then we have that: for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈U,
(5.18)∫M〈Λ̃mSKf,Λ̃mSKf〉dμ(m)=∫M〈ΛmSKf,ΛmSKf〉dμ(m)=〈SKf,SKf〉=|∫KΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2,∫M〈Λ̃mSKcf,Λ̃mSKcf〉dμ(m)=∫M〈ΛmSKcf,ΛmSKcf〉dμ(m)=〈SKcf,SKcf〉=|∫KcΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2.
Combining (5.16) and Theorem 5.10, we get the result.Corollary 5.13.
Let{fm∈H:m∈M} be a continuous Parseval frame for Hilbert C*-module H, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈H, one has
(5.19)∫K〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+|∫Kc〈f,fj〉fjdμ(m)|2=∫Kc〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+|∫K〈f,fj〉fjdμ(m)|2.Corollary 5.14.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous λ-tight g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈U, one has
(5.20)λ∫K〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+|∫KcΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2=λ∫Kc〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+|∫KΛm*Λmfdμ(m)|2.Proof.
Since{Λm:m∈M} is a continuous λ-tight g-frame, then {Λm:m∈M} is a continuous g-Parseval frame, by Theorem 5.12 we know that the conclusion holds.Corollary 5.15.
Let{fm∈H:m∈M} be a continuous λ-tight frame for Hilbert C*-module H then for any measurable subset K⊂M and f∈H, one has
(5.21)λ∫K〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+|∫Kc〈f,fj〉fjdμ(m)|2=λ∫Kc〈f,fm〉〈fm,f〉dμ(m)+|∫K〈f,fj〉fjdμ(m)|2.Corollary 5.16.
Let{Λm∈EndA*(U,Vm):m∈M} be a continuous λ-tight g-frame, for Hilbert C*-module U with respect to {Vm:m∈M}, then for any measurable subset K,L⊂M,K⋂L=ϕ and f∈U, one has
(5.22)|SK⋃Lf|2-|SKc∖Lf|2=|SKf|2-|SKcf|2+2λ∫L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m).Proof.
Since for anyf∈U, by Corollary 5.14, we get
(5.23)|SK⋃Lf|2-|SKc∖Lf|2=λ∫K⋃L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)-λ∫Kc∖L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)=λ∫K〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+λ∫L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)-λ∫Kc〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)+λ∫L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m)=‖SKf‖2-‖SKcf‖2+2λ∫L〈Λmf,Λmf〉dμ(m).



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*Source: 361595-2011-03-16.xml*