# Bi4Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanomaterials on Volatile Substances of Acrylic Pigment Diluted Coatings

Authors: Pei Lu
Journal: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
 (2022)

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## Abstract

Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric nanomaterials are mainly used in the manufacture of biosensors, biomedical imaging reagents, or other biomedical applications. Due to the different arrangements of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric nanoparticles, complex nanofibers with specific geometries can be obtained. In this paper, Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric nanomaterials were used to study the volatilization state of the acrylic paint used in the coating process. This article explains that some Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles were difficult to be dispersed in spinning solution, which made the preparation of composite fibers difficult. Therefore, these issues need further research and resolution. This work proposes to selectively reduce the use of graphene oxide by using an environmentally friendly water solvent to prepare water-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and then inject octadecylamine into the selectively reduced graphene oxide to prepare octadecylamine-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rG-ODA). The experimental results in this paper showed that through seeding and reduction, functional groups such as carboxyl groups and epoxy groups on the surface of graphene oxide disappeared, and graphene oxide was well reduced. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups increased the distance between the graphitic layers to 0.713 nm. GS-EDA had a characteristic diffraction peak close to 2θ = 24.3°, indicating that GO was effectively reduced after inoculation reduction.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Rare Earth fluoride is used as the matrix of nanoscale fluorescent materials because the vibration of the lattice is relatively small, and the non-radiative rate is also very low. But it is highly radiative and has sufficient energy levels. Nanoearth materials are currently used in pharmaceutical, biochemical, and anticounterfeiting detection. Electrospinning is widely used in several preparation methods of fluorides. In recent years, it was found that coaxial and uniaxial monolithic Bi4Ti3O12 nanomaterials can be reused due to their ease of use. Acrylic painting is a new type of painting with a clear texture. Combinations of acrylic paints and various color schemes are used on canvas due to its ease of use. A large amount of propylene in acrylic paint has a strong stimulating effect on the human respiratory system, skin, and other vulnerable parts. High concentrations of acrylic acid may lead to infection and pulmonary edema making one susceptible to respiratory infections and weakness. Interaction of acrylic acid in areas with sensitive skin such as eyes can cause burns in severe cases. Rare Earth fluorides are used as matrices for nanoscale fluorescent materials. As the vibration of the lattice is relatively small, the nonradiative rate is also very low. But with high radiation and sufficient energy levels, nanomaterials are currently used in medical, biochemical, and anti-counterfeiting detection.With the continuous updating of coatings and the continuous improvement of colors, acrylic materials have a wide range of applications. Their diversity and inclusivity make the possibilities of acrylic painting very wide. It now seems necessary to conduct a study of the relatively new futuristic painting material. Unlike oil and acrylic paints, it will not be yellow, brittle, wrinkle, or crack. The paint layer will harden and become brittle over time as the paint dries. Acrylic paint is vibrant and durable. The biggest advantage of acrylic paint is its flexibility, durability, and aging resistance. Acrylic paint dries and hardens quickly. But at the same time maintains flexibility and durability. After drying, it is used to paint on canvas. Acrylic paintings can be rolled up, put somewhere, taken out, and stretched on the frame again a few years later. One need not worry about the paint layer cracking. Carbon composites (such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide porous carbon, and amorphous carbon) are considered to be the most versatile and effective surface treatment methods. Great progress has been made in improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Carbon nanolayers can effectively increase the conductivity of oxides, improve electron transport rate, and lead to better material efficiency. More importantly, the composite flexible carbon material matrix can effectively avoid the adhesion of nanoparticles. The volume expansion and contraction is buffered during repeated charging and discharging, to maintain the structural uniformity of the electrode material.With the rapid development of Bi4Ti3O12 electroferrous nanotechnology, more and more experts have begun to invest in this research. Hua et al. mentioned that in recent years, nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices using ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr thin films have received extensive attention. However, at the nanoscale, the phase structure in thin Hf0.5Zr films remains unclear, which hinders the continued development of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric storage nanodevices. Here, a series of electron microscopy evidence shows that interfacial strain plays a key role in inducing orthorhombic and twisted tetragonal phases, which are the origin of ferroelectricity in Hf0.5Zr thin films [1]. Bystrov VS believes that the new composite materials based on polymer ferroelectrics with graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have many advantages compared to the original materials. In this work, the results of computational molecular modeling of composite nanostructures were presented and analyzed. The calculations focus on the thermoelectric properties based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin film composites with G/GO layers. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the semiempirical PM3 method of quantum chemistry in the HyperChem tool to simulate thermoelectric effects and calculate thermoelectric coefficients for multiple models. The obtained results provide a new prospect for further research on ferroelectric polymer-graphene multifunctional nanomaterials and their applications [2]. In Anithakumari’s experiments, she prepared a highly flexible inorganic-organic composite film composed of barium hexaferrite (BHF) nanoparticles and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer at room temperature, which had a relatively small but appreciable magneto-dielectric coupling. These films have been thoroughly characterized by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In undoped and doped PVDF, the coexistence of α and β forms of PVDF had been determined. The amount of electroactive beta phase of PVDF increased with the amount of filler (BHF). Interestingly, the dielectric constant of PVDF increased by a factor of 8 after the optimal amount of BHF was added. This increase in dielectric constant can be explained by space charge polarization at the interface between the two phases of the composite and the formation of several microcapacitors in the sample. Electropolarization and magnetization polarization measurements on the thin films confirm that the composites were intrinsically double compared with Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectrics and ferromagnets [3].In this paper, based on the influence of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric nanomaterials on coating, an in-depth study of volatile substances diluted with propylene materials was proposed. In recent years, many experts and scholars have devoted themselves to the research of nanotechnology and the application of propylene materials, but there were also some shortcomings, and they have not been combined to study their differences and connections. Therefore, the method used in this paper combined the role of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric nanomaterials with propylene materials in order to play a significant role in other fields 2.


## 2. Research Method of Using Bi4Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanomaterials on Volatile Substances in Acrylic Pigment Diluted Coatings

### 2.1. Bi4Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanomaterials

In recent years, various environmental problems have emerged one after another, such as energy crisis, environmental degradation, and greenhouse effect, and have begun to attract widespread attention from all walks of life. Therefore, experts and scholars from all walks of life began to study green and pollution-free materials [4], so ferroelectric nanomaterials came into being. Fibers, zinc ferrite/graphene composite nanofibers, and their zinc ferrite/polyaniline composite nanofiber materials were combined, with medium-sized nanofibers serving as a primary storage for lithium. Nanomaterials refer to materials that have at least one dimension in the three-dimensional space at the nanometer size (1–100 nm) or are composed of them as basic units, which is approximately equivalent to the scale of 10 to 1000 atoms tightly packed together “https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6/10986828”“https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99/_blank”. In order to further improve the performance of ferroelectric nanofibers, composite nanofibers were fabricated by adding graphene oxide using a combination of electrospinning technology and hydrothermal reduction method. In this paper, this method was used to prepare nanofibers, and then aniline was polymerized and adsorbed on the surface of nanofibers by in situ polymerization to prepare composite nanofibers with different mass ratios. In electrochemical tests, the composite fibers with 15% aniline mass exhibited the best discharge efficiency and flow rate, and the circuit stability was good. Compared with nanofibers, its efficiency was significantly improved [5, 6]. This indicated that nanofiber composites were ideal materials for anode materials in lithium-ion batteries.


### 2.2. Use of Acrylic Materials

Acrylic painting is a type of modern painting. The Western style acrylic painting originated in the middle of the 20th century and has evolved. They have almost become the main material of contemporary painting and the product that modern painters need. Acrylic acid, an organic compound, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, miscible with water, and soluble in ethanol and ether. Active chemical properties that easily polymerize in the air are mainly used in the preparation of acrylic resins. Acrylic materials are similar to oil paints and watercolors. It covers a variety of bright colors. The difference compared to other colors is that acrylic paints dry quickly and change over time. The pigment mixes easily and quickly with water and does not release toxic fumes. In acrylic painting, regardless of style and mood, it can be enhanced by a variety of techniques, and because acrylic is water-soluble, many special effects can be designed. It is different from other painting materials, such as oil painting and watercolor [7], which are mostly derived from nature, or some mineral materials, plant materials. Acrylic material is a new type of painting material derived from the development of science and technology, ideas, and technological innovation. Today, in the field of painting, acrylic materials are more widely used. Acrylic resin is a general term for polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and their derivatives. Acrylic resin has a good gloss. It has the advantages of weather resistance, chemical resistance, manufacturing safety, and low price, but the changes of organic solvents in traditional acrylic resins will cause environmental pollution. Water-based resins are inexpensive, safe, and energy efficient. Compared with organic solvent resins, they are nonpolluting. The varnish made of water-soluble acrylic resin has the following characteristics: nontoxic, odorless, acid and alkali resistance, flame retardant, high gloss, good adhesion, does not decay, and corrosion resistance. It also has good weather resistance and chemical resistance properties. It is an environmentally friendly product of active organic compounds (WTO). Any acrylic paint used for painting will last and not fade, will not turn yellow over time like oil paint, nor fade like watercolor. It can be applied on a nonsticky layer and is often used to paint large murals. This flexibility makes it possible to wrap acrylic paints on oil, paper, or other flexible materials. One need not worry about the image being corrupted. Every artist seeks uncontrollable freedom in his own way [8]. However, acrylic materials are not perfect. It also has some drawbacks. For example, the heat resistance may be poor or the hardness after film formation may be insufficient. Therefore, these problems need to be studied and improved.


### 2.3. Research Algorithm for Diluting Volatile Substances of Ferroelectric Nanomaterials by Acrylic Pigments

Carbon nanotubes, also known as buckytubes, are one-dimensional quantum materials with a special structure (radial dimensions are in the order of nanometers, axial dimensions are in the order of micrometers, and both ends of the tube are sealed). The simple synthesis of carbon nanotubes has been relatively mature [9] and has achieved the purpose of replacing traditional materials in some fields. Materials research based on hybrid carbon nanotubes is still in its infancy. This is because hybrid materials tend to show better advantages. Therefore, the use of carbon nanotubes for the study of hybrid materials has important research value.Acrylic is an important plastic polymer material developed earlier. It has good transparency, chemical stability, weather resistance, easy dyeing, easy processing, and a beautiful appearance. It is widely used in the construction industry. The development of acrylic materials has made watercolor creation no longer limited to “watercolor” and “watercolor media” because acrylic materials have the characteristics of water solubility, lightness, and transparency. Painting can allow artists to express their ideas and become a good language of artistic expression. [10]. Through the microscopic analysis of ferroelectric nanoparticles, combined with the coating technology, the following formula can be deduced:(1)at=w0expytsinw1t.The relationship between the dilution concentration of acrylic paint and the system attenuation coefficient is given by the following formula:(2)w1=w0−y241/2.Therefore, formulas (3) and (4) can be obtained as follows:(3)ε1w=ε+∞+axexp−iwxdx,(4)ε1w=w0w1w2w02−w22+wy2.For ordered and disordered ferroelectric materials, the dielectric response usually arises from a set of rotating dipoles [11]. There is no dipole polarization during the dissociation process(5)uw=ε∞+nq2εηw02w02w02−w2+iwy.When the pH value was between 1 and 2, the pH value of the reaction system had a significant effect on the etherification reaction. Sometimes the concentration of the catalyst was very high, and the reaction was too strong and the etherification rate was too fast.(6)ε=w2=ε1∞+fw02−w2+iwy.The use of malic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was compatible. The functional graphene/PP-g-MAH/PP was prepared by mixing the solution, and the nanocomposite formulation was obtained using the following formula:(7)at=ε0−εr∞ιexp−tι.The algorithm for diluting the mass of the substance can be calculated by the following formula:(8)xrw=ε∞∂r0−ε∞1+iwι.Carbon nanolayers can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of oxides [12] and improve the electron transport rate, thereby helping to improve the rate capability of the material. Equations (9) and (10) can be obtained as follows:(9)tw=Esw1pErw1p,(10)εw=ε∞+f1−iw/r+gw0w1w2w02−w21−iw/r−δ2.The effect of ferroelectric nanoparticles on acrylic coatings will lead to a certain change in the dilution rate, as shown in(11)tw=EswEi.From the simulation parameters of the Drude model Si and the diluted propylene material, we get the following formula:(12)ε=ε∞−wp2w2+iwy−1.


## 2.1. Bi4Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanomaterials

In recent years, various environmental problems have emerged one after another, such as energy crisis, environmental degradation, and greenhouse effect, and have begun to attract widespread attention from all walks of life. Therefore, experts and scholars from all walks of life began to study green and pollution-free materials [4], so ferroelectric nanomaterials came into being. Fibers, zinc ferrite/graphene composite nanofibers, and their zinc ferrite/polyaniline composite nanofiber materials were combined, with medium-sized nanofibers serving as a primary storage for lithium. Nanomaterials refer to materials that have at least one dimension in the three-dimensional space at the nanometer size (1–100 nm) or are composed of them as basic units, which is approximately equivalent to the scale of 10 to 1000 atoms tightly packed together “https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6/10986828”“https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99/_blank”. In order to further improve the performance of ferroelectric nanofibers, composite nanofibers were fabricated by adding graphene oxide using a combination of electrospinning technology and hydrothermal reduction method. In this paper, this method was used to prepare nanofibers, and then aniline was polymerized and adsorbed on the surface of nanofibers by in situ polymerization to prepare composite nanofibers with different mass ratios. In electrochemical tests, the composite fibers with 15% aniline mass exhibited the best discharge efficiency and flow rate, and the circuit stability was good. Compared with nanofibers, its efficiency was significantly improved [5, 6]. This indicated that nanofiber composites were ideal materials for anode materials in lithium-ion batteries.


## 2.2. Use of Acrylic Materials

Acrylic painting is a type of modern painting. The Western style acrylic painting originated in the middle of the 20th century and has evolved. They have almost become the main material of contemporary painting and the product that modern painters need. Acrylic acid, an organic compound, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, miscible with water, and soluble in ethanol and ether. Active chemical properties that easily polymerize in the air are mainly used in the preparation of acrylic resins. Acrylic materials are similar to oil paints and watercolors. It covers a variety of bright colors. The difference compared to other colors is that acrylic paints dry quickly and change over time. The pigment mixes easily and quickly with water and does not release toxic fumes. In acrylic painting, regardless of style and mood, it can be enhanced by a variety of techniques, and because acrylic is water-soluble, many special effects can be designed. It is different from other painting materials, such as oil painting and watercolor [7], which are mostly derived from nature, or some mineral materials, plant materials. Acrylic material is a new type of painting material derived from the development of science and technology, ideas, and technological innovation. Today, in the field of painting, acrylic materials are more widely used. Acrylic resin is a general term for polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and their derivatives. Acrylic resin has a good gloss. It has the advantages of weather resistance, chemical resistance, manufacturing safety, and low price, but the changes of organic solvents in traditional acrylic resins will cause environmental pollution. Water-based resins are inexpensive, safe, and energy efficient. Compared with organic solvent resins, they are nonpolluting. The varnish made of water-soluble acrylic resin has the following characteristics: nontoxic, odorless, acid and alkali resistance, flame retardant, high gloss, good adhesion, does not decay, and corrosion resistance. It also has good weather resistance and chemical resistance properties. It is an environmentally friendly product of active organic compounds (WTO). Any acrylic paint used for painting will last and not fade, will not turn yellow over time like oil paint, nor fade like watercolor. It can be applied on a nonsticky layer and is often used to paint large murals. This flexibility makes it possible to wrap acrylic paints on oil, paper, or other flexible materials. One need not worry about the image being corrupted. Every artist seeks uncontrollable freedom in his own way [8]. However, acrylic materials are not perfect. It also has some drawbacks. For example, the heat resistance may be poor or the hardness after film formation may be insufficient. Therefore, these problems need to be studied and improved.


## 2.3. Research Algorithm for Diluting Volatile Substances of Ferroelectric Nanomaterials by Acrylic Pigments

Carbon nanotubes, also known as buckytubes, are one-dimensional quantum materials with a special structure (radial dimensions are in the order of nanometers, axial dimensions are in the order of micrometers, and both ends of the tube are sealed). The simple synthesis of carbon nanotubes has been relatively mature [9] and has achieved the purpose of replacing traditional materials in some fields. Materials research based on hybrid carbon nanotubes is still in its infancy. This is because hybrid materials tend to show better advantages. Therefore, the use of carbon nanotubes for the study of hybrid materials has important research value.Acrylic is an important plastic polymer material developed earlier. It has good transparency, chemical stability, weather resistance, easy dyeing, easy processing, and a beautiful appearance. It is widely used in the construction industry. The development of acrylic materials has made watercolor creation no longer limited to “watercolor” and “watercolor media” because acrylic materials have the characteristics of water solubility, lightness, and transparency. Painting can allow artists to express their ideas and become a good language of artistic expression. [10]. Through the microscopic analysis of ferroelectric nanoparticles, combined with the coating technology, the following formula can be deduced:(1)at=w0expytsinw1t.The relationship between the dilution concentration of acrylic paint and the system attenuation coefficient is given by the following formula:(2)w1=w0−y241/2.Therefore, formulas (3) and (4) can be obtained as follows:(3)ε1w=ε+∞+axexp−iwxdx,(4)ε1w=w0w1w2w02−w22+wy2.For ordered and disordered ferroelectric materials, the dielectric response usually arises from a set of rotating dipoles [11]. There is no dipole polarization during the dissociation process(5)uw=ε∞+nq2εηw02w02w02−w2+iwy.When the pH value was between 1 and 2, the pH value of the reaction system had a significant effect on the etherification reaction. Sometimes the concentration of the catalyst was very high, and the reaction was too strong and the etherification rate was too fast.(6)ε=w2=ε1∞+fw02−w2+iwy.The use of malic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was compatible. The functional graphene/PP-g-MAH/PP was prepared by mixing the solution, and the nanocomposite formulation was obtained using the following formula:(7)at=ε0−εr∞ιexp−tι.The algorithm for diluting the mass of the substance can be calculated by the following formula:(8)xrw=ε∞∂r0−ε∞1+iwι.Carbon nanolayers can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of oxides [12] and improve the electron transport rate, thereby helping to improve the rate capability of the material. Equations (9) and (10) can be obtained as follows:(9)tw=Esw1pErw1p,(10)εw=ε∞+f1−iw/r+gw0w1w2w02−w21−iw/r−δ2.The effect of ferroelectric nanoparticles on acrylic coatings will lead to a certain change in the dilution rate, as shown in(11)tw=EswEi.From the simulation parameters of the Drude model Si and the diluted propylene material, we get the following formula:(12)ε=ε∞−wp2w2+iwy−1.


## 3. Research Experiment of Bi4Ti3O12 Ferroelectric Nanomaterials on Volatile Substances of Acrylic Pigment Diluted Paint

Polypropylene is a polymer obtained by the addition polymerization of propylene. It is a white waxy material with a transparent and light appearance. Polypropylene is an almost two-dimensional material composed of a hexagonal lattice formed by mixing carbon atoms [13], and sp2 has an ideal thickness of a single atomic layer, so it is also called a graphite single atomic layer. Polypropylene is the equivalent of single-layer graphite, the basic ingredient for creating other dimensions. Among all carbon materials, in addition to diamond, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, polypropylene has many “stronger properties” and “specific properties.” The strongest and stiffest operators have the highest mobility, highest electrical resistance, highest current density, and highest thermal conductivity. The excellent and strong properties of polypropylene make it possible to manufacture ultralight space shuttles. The structure of polypropylene is extremely stable. It has been widely used in many fields.


### 3.1. Experimental Strategy and Experimental Procedure

Carbon nanoparticles consist of a layer of graphite sheets of carbon atoms rolled at a certain angle into a seamless, hollow tube. The hollow oxide structure and conductive network of carbon nanoparticles are designed as a three-dimensional carbon-coated hollow iron oxide hybrid structure (Fe3O4 [14, 15]. The prepared nanocomposites were loaded into the conductive network of reflowed carbon nanorods. The best electrochemical efficiency was tested when the charge content was 83%. After 100 times of charging and discharging, the capacity of Fe3O4 decreased slightly. The density was 100 mAg−1 and the reversible capacity was 930 m·Ahg−1. After 100 cycles, using ferric nitrate and glucose as raw materials, the carbon-coated iron oxide shell nanomaterials were obtained by a conventional hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal treatment in an inert atmosphere[16]. Fe3O4 materials with different particle sizes could be controlled by adjusting various concentration ratios, particle sizes, electrical properties, and oxidation resistance. The results showed that the performance of the Fe3O415.4 nm core material was better. The initial discharge capacity was 1215 mAhg−1, and the capacity remained at 806 mAhg−1. The capacity after charge cycles and 100 discharge cycles was 1.5 Ag−1, and the minimum capacity was still 573 mAhg−1.Different ratios of formaldehyde and melamine were tested [17]. The reaction temperature and the melting time of melamine were observed. Sludge crystallization time and free formaldehyde were measured for methylol content, and the CII group crosslinking agent with the lowest free formaldehyde content was selected for crosslinking and curing of soluble acrylic resin. The influence of factors such as crosslinking agent content was studied. The cure temperature and cure time to achieve resin output was researched.


### 3.2. Sample Collection

15 g of graphite powder was added to 200 mL water with a volume ratio of 1 : 9, mixed at room temperature, and then 9.0 g of potassium permanganate was gradually added and stirred with a reflux at 50° for 12 h and cooled to room temperature. The mixture was poured into 500 ml of cold water containing 8 ml, 30% graphene and centrifuged to remove unused graphite. The solution was washed with excess pure water until neutral. The obtained graphene oxide was vacuum dried at 80°C [18], and then the obtained graphene oxide was dissolved in water at a concentration of 0.5 mg·mL−1 for use. Ethylenediamine is a typical aliphatic diamine. It is a colorless transparent liquid that can be slightly yellow, oily, or watery. It produces smoke in the air, has an odor similar to ammonia, and is hygroscopic. Ethylenediamine is used as a functional monomer, and functional ethylenediamine with a terminal amino group is reduced by the cleavage reduction method. Functional graphene-ethylenediamine composites with different mass fractions were prepared by solution method and their thermal properties were measured. The tensile test showed that with the increase of the amount of ethylenediamine-activated graphene, the composite material showed an increase and decrease trend, reaching 39.6 MPa, compared with pure PP-g-MAH/PP (31.8 MPa). Net PP (33.7 MPa), an increase of 17.5%, and a small amount of poor diamine was well dispersed in the matrix. Overfilling can cause condensation. KH-550 modified ultrafine SiO2 was mixed with natural soluble acrylic coatings prepared under ideal conditions [19]. The performance of the prepared and modified ultrafine SiO2—soluble acrylic SiO2—was then tested. Referring to the effect of ultrafine SiO2 on the performance of soluble acrylic coatings, the optimum addition amount of modified soluble acrylic coatings was 3%, and finally, the dyes were obtained. Thin film scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the characterization of acrylic coatings before and after modification. Using 1 mg of NPS solution and 1 mL of LCD and sonication for 30 min, NPS@CD complexes were obtained due to the coordination of carboxyl groups on the surface of NPS and CD. A certain amount of complex was taken, 1 mL·Ab2 (50 μg·mL−1), mixed ultrasonically for 30 minutes at 4°C, and the unbound antibody was removed by centrifugation to obtain the NPS@CDs-Ab2 complex, which was stored at 4°C for preparation.


### 3.3. Analysis of Experimental Data

As seen from the experiments, the viscosity of the water-soluble acrylic resin increased in the presence ofβ-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid [20, 21]. When the acid content of β-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid was 4.0 ml, the resin viscosity decreased and reached 8900 mPas. This was because the hydrogen 49 bonds formed by water increased the solubility and stability of the resin in water. At the same time, adding β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate reduced the content of –COOH-containing monomers and improved the coating film, but the introduction of too many hydroxyl groups will reduce the water resistance of the coating film. Due to the unique nanostructure of carbon nanomaterials and its excellent fluorescence properties, the use is more diverse. The ECL yields of the compounds were significantly enhanced upon binding of CD to NPS. 2.2 A is the TEM name for the CD. It can be seen that most of the CDs have smaller particle sizes and spherical distributions [22]. Before modifying the electrode, the electrode was placed in a 0.5 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution and the voltage was scanned from −2 to 1 V until a loop voltammogram was obtained. After continuous ultrasonic vibration in 1: 1 sulfuric acid solution and natural drying at room temperature, 5 μL of 3D-GR@AuNPs compound were added dropwise to the dry electrode, and was again dried naturally at room temperature. Then, 5 μL of 50 μg·mL−1·Ab solution was added to the dry electrode, incubated for 20 minutes, and the electrode surface was washed with pH 7.4 PBS after drying. 1% 5 μL BSA solution was added and incubated for 1 hour to cover nonspecific spots, and then the electrodes were in PSA solutions of different concentrations and incubated at the same time. The unreacted molecules were then removed by washing with PBS. Finally, the prepared NPS@CDs-Ab composite solution was added dropwise to the electrode surface and incubated for 25 minutes, and the electrode was washed three times with spare water for testing [23, 24].The ECL behavior of NPS@CD was related to the activation state of CD (R∗) caused by the transfer and destruction of positron and electrons. In addition, CD participated in the reaction as a co-agent. ECL was closely related to robust R∗- and SO4 electron transfer and removal oxidation∗ generated by the reduction of the CD electrolyte. The CD ECL voltage, a, was labeled Ab2, and the NPS@CD cluster ECL voltage, b, was labeled Ab2, from which it can be inferred that the ECL intensity of b was about 10 times that of a. This indicated that the NPS@CD cluster had excellent ECL performance to detect the cause, and the NPS@CD had a large electrochemical surface, good performance, and biocompatibility. These advantages promoted reactivity and enhanced ECL signal strength [25].


## 3.1. Experimental Strategy and Experimental Procedure

Carbon nanoparticles consist of a layer of graphite sheets of carbon atoms rolled at a certain angle into a seamless, hollow tube. The hollow oxide structure and conductive network of carbon nanoparticles are designed as a three-dimensional carbon-coated hollow iron oxide hybrid structure (Fe3O4 [14, 15]. The prepared nanocomposites were loaded into the conductive network of reflowed carbon nanorods. The best electrochemical efficiency was tested when the charge content was 83%. After 100 times of charging and discharging, the capacity of Fe3O4 decreased slightly. The density was 100 mAg−1 and the reversible capacity was 930 m·Ahg−1. After 100 cycles, using ferric nitrate and glucose as raw materials, the carbon-coated iron oxide shell nanomaterials were obtained by a conventional hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal treatment in an inert atmosphere[16]. Fe3O4 materials with different particle sizes could be controlled by adjusting various concentration ratios, particle sizes, electrical properties, and oxidation resistance. The results showed that the performance of the Fe3O415.4 nm core material was better. The initial discharge capacity was 1215 mAhg−1, and the capacity remained at 806 mAhg−1. The capacity after charge cycles and 100 discharge cycles was 1.5 Ag−1, and the minimum capacity was still 573 mAhg−1.Different ratios of formaldehyde and melamine were tested [17]. The reaction temperature and the melting time of melamine were observed. Sludge crystallization time and free formaldehyde were measured for methylol content, and the CII group crosslinking agent with the lowest free formaldehyde content was selected for crosslinking and curing of soluble acrylic resin. The influence of factors such as crosslinking agent content was studied. The cure temperature and cure time to achieve resin output was researched.


## 3.2. Sample Collection

15 g of graphite powder was added to 200 mL water with a volume ratio of 1 : 9, mixed at room temperature, and then 9.0 g of potassium permanganate was gradually added and stirred with a reflux at 50° for 12 h and cooled to room temperature. The mixture was poured into 500 ml of cold water containing 8 ml, 30% graphene and centrifuged to remove unused graphite. The solution was washed with excess pure water until neutral. The obtained graphene oxide was vacuum dried at 80°C [18], and then the obtained graphene oxide was dissolved in water at a concentration of 0.5 mg·mL−1 for use. Ethylenediamine is a typical aliphatic diamine. It is a colorless transparent liquid that can be slightly yellow, oily, or watery. It produces smoke in the air, has an odor similar to ammonia, and is hygroscopic. Ethylenediamine is used as a functional monomer, and functional ethylenediamine with a terminal amino group is reduced by the cleavage reduction method. Functional graphene-ethylenediamine composites with different mass fractions were prepared by solution method and their thermal properties were measured. The tensile test showed that with the increase of the amount of ethylenediamine-activated graphene, the composite material showed an increase and decrease trend, reaching 39.6 MPa, compared with pure PP-g-MAH/PP (31.8 MPa). Net PP (33.7 MPa), an increase of 17.5%, and a small amount of poor diamine was well dispersed in the matrix. Overfilling can cause condensation. KH-550 modified ultrafine SiO2 was mixed with natural soluble acrylic coatings prepared under ideal conditions [19]. The performance of the prepared and modified ultrafine SiO2—soluble acrylic SiO2—was then tested. Referring to the effect of ultrafine SiO2 on the performance of soluble acrylic coatings, the optimum addition amount of modified soluble acrylic coatings was 3%, and finally, the dyes were obtained. Thin film scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the characterization of acrylic coatings before and after modification. Using 1 mg of NPS solution and 1 mL of LCD and sonication for 30 min, NPS@CD complexes were obtained due to the coordination of carboxyl groups on the surface of NPS and CD. A certain amount of complex was taken, 1 mL·Ab2 (50 μg·mL−1), mixed ultrasonically for 30 minutes at 4°C, and the unbound antibody was removed by centrifugation to obtain the NPS@CDs-Ab2 complex, which was stored at 4°C for preparation.


## 3.3. Analysis of Experimental Data

As seen from the experiments, the viscosity of the water-soluble acrylic resin increased in the presence ofβ-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid [20, 21]. When the acid content of β-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid was 4.0 ml, the resin viscosity decreased and reached 8900 mPas. This was because the hydrogen 49 bonds formed by water increased the solubility and stability of the resin in water. At the same time, adding β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate reduced the content of –COOH-containing monomers and improved the coating film, but the introduction of too many hydroxyl groups will reduce the water resistance of the coating film. Due to the unique nanostructure of carbon nanomaterials and its excellent fluorescence properties, the use is more diverse. The ECL yields of the compounds were significantly enhanced upon binding of CD to NPS. 2.2 A is the TEM name for the CD. It can be seen that most of the CDs have smaller particle sizes and spherical distributions [22]. Before modifying the electrode, the electrode was placed in a 0.5 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution and the voltage was scanned from −2 to 1 V until a loop voltammogram was obtained. After continuous ultrasonic vibration in 1: 1 sulfuric acid solution and natural drying at room temperature, 5 μL of 3D-GR@AuNPs compound were added dropwise to the dry electrode, and was again dried naturally at room temperature. Then, 5 μL of 50 μg·mL−1·Ab solution was added to the dry electrode, incubated for 20 minutes, and the electrode surface was washed with pH 7.4 PBS after drying. 1% 5 μL BSA solution was added and incubated for 1 hour to cover nonspecific spots, and then the electrodes were in PSA solutions of different concentrations and incubated at the same time. The unreacted molecules were then removed by washing with PBS. Finally, the prepared NPS@CDs-Ab composite solution was added dropwise to the electrode surface and incubated for 25 minutes, and the electrode was washed three times with spare water for testing [23, 24].The ECL behavior of NPS@CD was related to the activation state of CD (R∗) caused by the transfer and destruction of positron and electrons. In addition, CD participated in the reaction as a co-agent. ECL was closely related to robust R∗- and SO4 electron transfer and removal oxidation∗ generated by the reduction of the CD electrolyte. The CD ECL voltage, a, was labeled Ab2, and the NPS@CD cluster ECL voltage, b, was labeled Ab2, from which it can be inferred that the ECL intensity of b was about 10 times that of a. This indicated that the NPS@CD cluster had excellent ECL performance to detect the cause, and the NPS@CD had a large electrochemical surface, good performance, and biocompatibility. These advantages promoted reactivity and enhanced ECL signal strength [25].


## 4. Experimental Results and Analysis

### 4.1. Summary of Research Results

The content of acrylic monomer had a great influence on the water solubility of the resin and the properties of the paint film. When the amount of acrylic acid increased, the water solubility of the resin also increased, but if the acrylic acid content was too high, the film performance deteriorated rapidly. Generally, it should be controlled between 10 vol (%) and 18 vol (%). For this purpose, the optimum amount of acrylic acid was 3.0 ml (1 equivalent) and the optimum amount ofβ-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid was 4.0 ml (1.33 equiv.). A methyl group was added to methacrylic acid as a hard monomer. The formula effectively improved the hardness of the resin molding material. However, if the dosage was too large, the adhesion and impact force of the paint film will be reduced. A comprehensive performance evaluation has to be conducted. The maximum amount of methyl methacrylate wass 4.8 ml (1.6 acrylates) and butyl acrylate was added to the soft monomer formulation. The flexibility of the paint film had a better performance. But the hardness decreased. So, the optimal amount of butyl acrylate was 12.0 ml (4 aliquots) because there were too many AIBN primers. In this case, the selected amount of AIBN was 2% by weight of all monomers. As the neutralization level increased, the amount of AIBN was 0.45 g. When the viscosity of the coating increased, the water solubility also increased, so neutralization to 80% was usually sufficient in this experiment, after sufficient water solubility and storage stability had been achieved. The water-soluble resin prepared with dimethylethanolamine as a neutralizer had good stability. Long shelf life and good film formation were the properties acquired after curing. The best-measured neutralization degree was 85% and the resin pH was 8–9. The effects of different temperatures are compared through experiments. In view of the characteristics of the resin, when n-butanol is used as a solvent, butanol and isopropanol are used as a mixed solvent. The best results were found when n-butanol and isopropanol were used as the solvent mixture. The optimum reaction temperature is 95°C.


### 4.2. Data Analysis of Research Results

Based on the preparation of the polymer and inorganic salt nanofibers, combined with the electrospinning method and high-temperature sintering method, aniline of different quality was added to the nanofiber environment. In situ polymerization in an ice bath finally produced composite nanofibers (ZP-10, ZP-15, and ZP-20) and other composite nanofibers with different proportions and qualities. The results showed that polyaniline was formed by the polymerization reaction, and its composition was analyzed. The surface specificity test of BET examined the porous structure of each sample fiber. Based on SEM and TEM images, PANI was coated with nanoparticles and a porous composite was prepared on the fiber surface. Storing and Decorating Acrylic Paint: In order to create the nest surface, a gun was required to remove air. A small niche was created to shake or rotate the canvas. This resulted in a strong style and texture effect. After air-drying and curing, a two-part epoxy resin had to be developed to cover the right amount. After air-drying, painting can be finished, and then stored at room temperature in a ventilated and dry place. Through experiments, the following characteristics of ferroelectric nanoparticles used in acrylic pigments were obtained: it can be released with water, which is convenient for cleaning; the durability is long; the color is full, thick, and fresh, and no matter how it is adjusted, there will be no “dirty” “Grey” feel; good dielectric properties. The chemical properties after curing were strong adhesion, high product stability, strong hardness, yellowing resistance, mildew resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, and good insulation. They also exhibited high strength, chemical resistance and strong adhesion when stored in a cool and ventilated place. If other diluents or other ingredients are added during the stirring process, it will affect the curing effect and produce uncontrollable effects such as air bubbles. After curing, it was extremely transparent, with a smooth and hard surface. FLG@nanocomposites with a two-dimensional bonding structure were synthesized using ball milling: the number of exfoliated FLG layers was about 10 graphene layers, and the particle size was about 10 particles. The Fe interfacial bonding was uniformly bonded to the FLG substrate. On the other hand, FLG can be used as a high-speed electron transport network to improve the conductivity of all electrodes. In addition, FLG was good at diffusing and immobilizing nanoparticles, avoiding particle adhesion. It can effectively control the change of particle volume and ensure the stability of the complex structure.


### 4.3. Analysis of Big Data Technology and Resource Optimization Algorithm

The manufacturing process flow of the PSA immunosensor is shown in Figure1. Glassy carbon electrodes (d = 3 mm) were polished with 1, 0.3, and 0.05 μm·Al, respectively, and then rinsed with distilled water. Before modifying the electrodes, electrodes were placed in 0.5 mol·L−1 solution from −2 to A and scanned for 1 V until the Tamogram was repeated. After continuous ultrasonic vibration in 1: 1 sulfuric acid solution and natural drying, 5 μL of 3D-GR@AuNPs compound were added dropwise to the dry electrode, and was again dried naturally at room temperature. Then, 5 μL of 50 μg·mL−1 Ab1 solution was added to the dry electrode, incubated for 20 minutes, and the electrode surface was washed with pH 7.4 PBS after drying. 5 μL of 1% BSA solution was added and incubated for 1 h to cover non-specific spots.Figure 1
Fabrication process of the PSA sensor.Graphene is the best 2D nanomaterial. It has excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, and has important application prospects in materials science, micro-nano processing, energy, biomedicine, and drug delivery, and is considered to be a revolutionary material in the future. It is only one atom thicker than a DNA molecule and has the distance between two adjacent bases, which can be used for electronic genetic sequences. Graphene also has a very large special surface −2630 meters, 2 grams, which makes it suitable as a drug carrier, as shown in Figure2:Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the synthesis and preparation of multifunctional materials.Some devices participated in the experiment. The equipment used in the process is shown in Table1:Table 1
Laboratory instruments.
Device nameModelManufacturerElectronic balanceHTP-312Zhengzhou Instrument FactoryUltrasonic cleanerDF-101SNicholas USACirculating pumpSB-5200DTNAmerican TA companyFlat vulcanizerDHG-101-1BSJapan electronics co., ltd.X-ray analyzerXLBDandong Instrument FactoryAs the temperature increased, the hardness of the resin and the thickness of propylene was affected to varying degrees, as shown in Table2.Table 2
Effects of different temperatures on resin hardness.
Experiment numberTemperature (°C)Film scratches (H)Damping hardness17520.42328030.32538130.26148520.32659040.711As given in Table2, when the temperature reached the highest, the film scratches and harness were also the highest, and the, reaching 0.711. In order to remove the Ni-Mo-Mg catalyst in the carbon product and obtain pure carbon nanotubes, the obtained carbon product must be soaked in hydrochloric acid for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washed with deionized water until neutral, and the yield was calculated after drying. The content of PP/5% Ni-Mo-Mg was stable, and the mass fractions of Cl-Rice-Char with different contents were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 15%, respectively, and the Cl-Rice-Char composite material burns. The schematic diagram of the experiment is shown in Figure 3:Figure 3
Schematic diagram of combustion experiment.Propylene, an organic compound, is a colorless, odorless, slightly sweet, and flammable gas that produces a bright flame when burned. The explosion limit in the air is 2.4% to 10.3%; insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether. Changes in propylene concentration and pH will affect the ECL signal intensity to some extent, as well as the quality of the ferroelectric particles, as shown in Figure4:Figure 4
Graph of pH concentration changes.To test the concentration of diluted acrylic paint in a painting, we selected three substances and their effects. The conclusions are shown in Table3:Table 3
Comparison of concentrations of different substances after dilution.
Substance nameJoin numberConcentration after dilution (%)Fluorodioxane44523.12Cisplatin44120.12Paclitaxel25618.93Fluorescent label36517.66As given in Table3, the fluorescent label had the lowest concentration after being diluted, reaching 17.66%; after being diluted, fluorodioxane had the highest concentration, reaching 23.12%. In the reaction system, the content of reduced graphene oxide in the final product was controlled by controlling the amount of graphene oxide added, and the best raw material ratio was obtained, as shown in Figure 5:Figure 5
Optimum raw material ratio.In the strict sense, nanofibers refer to ultrafine fibers with a diameter of nanometers, and in a broad sense, include fibers that are modified by filling nanoparticles into ordinary fibers. Cycling curves of the nanocomposite fibers for the first 3 weeks: the maximum value of the first drop initially appeared at 0.5 V. When a large number of lithium ions were intercalated into the active material and reacted, the reduction reaction of the metal salt and the reaction of zinc with part of the lithium ions formed a zinc-lithium alloy. At the same time, the irreversible SEI in the electrode created the surface of the material and utilized some of the lithium ions. While this process was useful for increasing the first discharge capacity, it was irreversible, resulting in a loss of capacity. As shown in Figure6:Figure 6
Cycling curves of nanocomposite fibers for the first 3 weeks.The effect of reaction temperature on free formaldehyde and methylol content is shown in Table4. The following conclusions were drawn:Table 4
Effect of reaction temperature on free formaldehyde and methylol content.
Reaction temperature/°CProduct statusFree formaldehyde content/(%)Methylol content/(%)40Milky white solid1.3611.9250Milky white viscous liquid1.9521.3360Light milky white liquid1.5811.58As given in Table4, when the reaction temperature was 50°, the free formaldehyde and methylol content reached the highest, 1.95% and 21.33%, respectively. When the amount of crosslinking agent was low, the gloss of the coating was low. This was because some hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were not cross-linked and cured, and the coating was not dried, as shown in Figure 7:Figure 7
Effect of crosslinker amount on coating properties.The performance of ferroelectric nanomaterials acting on acrylic paint films usually depends on the crosslinking density of the polymer, which is largely determined by its curing time and temperature. Acrylic paint films dry quickly, have good adhesion, and are heat resistant. Due to its good weather resistance and good outdoor durability, it can be used in lower temperature conditions, as shown in Table5.Table 5
Effect of curing temperature and time on film properties.
Curing temperature (°C)Curing timeExternalAdhesionImpact strength13025∼30Light yellow15015010∼15Colorless, high gloss1501805∼8Light yellow240


## 4.1. Summary of Research Results

The content of acrylic monomer had a great influence on the water solubility of the resin and the properties of the paint film. When the amount of acrylic acid increased, the water solubility of the resin also increased, but if the acrylic acid content was too high, the film performance deteriorated rapidly. Generally, it should be controlled between 10 vol (%) and 18 vol (%). For this purpose, the optimum amount of acrylic acid was 3.0 ml (1 equivalent) and the optimum amount ofβ-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid was 4.0 ml (1.33 equiv.). A methyl group was added to methacrylic acid as a hard monomer. The formula effectively improved the hardness of the resin molding material. However, if the dosage was too large, the adhesion and impact force of the paint film will be reduced. A comprehensive performance evaluation has to be conducted. The maximum amount of methyl methacrylate wass 4.8 ml (1.6 acrylates) and butyl acrylate was added to the soft monomer formulation. The flexibility of the paint film had a better performance. But the hardness decreased. So, the optimal amount of butyl acrylate was 12.0 ml (4 aliquots) because there were too many AIBN primers. In this case, the selected amount of AIBN was 2% by weight of all monomers. As the neutralization level increased, the amount of AIBN was 0.45 g. When the viscosity of the coating increased, the water solubility also increased, so neutralization to 80% was usually sufficient in this experiment, after sufficient water solubility and storage stability had been achieved. The water-soluble resin prepared with dimethylethanolamine as a neutralizer had good stability. Long shelf life and good film formation were the properties acquired after curing. The best-measured neutralization degree was 85% and the resin pH was 8–9. The effects of different temperatures are compared through experiments. In view of the characteristics of the resin, when n-butanol is used as a solvent, butanol and isopropanol are used as a mixed solvent. The best results were found when n-butanol and isopropanol were used as the solvent mixture. The optimum reaction temperature is 95°C.


## 4.2. Data Analysis of Research Results

Based on the preparation of the polymer and inorganic salt nanofibers, combined with the electrospinning method and high-temperature sintering method, aniline of different quality was added to the nanofiber environment. In situ polymerization in an ice bath finally produced composite nanofibers (ZP-10, ZP-15, and ZP-20) and other composite nanofibers with different proportions and qualities. The results showed that polyaniline was formed by the polymerization reaction, and its composition was analyzed. The surface specificity test of BET examined the porous structure of each sample fiber. Based on SEM and TEM images, PANI was coated with nanoparticles and a porous composite was prepared on the fiber surface. Storing and Decorating Acrylic Paint: In order to create the nest surface, a gun was required to remove air. A small niche was created to shake or rotate the canvas. This resulted in a strong style and texture effect. After air-drying and curing, a two-part epoxy resin had to be developed to cover the right amount. After air-drying, painting can be finished, and then stored at room temperature in a ventilated and dry place. Through experiments, the following characteristics of ferroelectric nanoparticles used in acrylic pigments were obtained: it can be released with water, which is convenient for cleaning; the durability is long; the color is full, thick, and fresh, and no matter how it is adjusted, there will be no “dirty” “Grey” feel; good dielectric properties. The chemical properties after curing were strong adhesion, high product stability, strong hardness, yellowing resistance, mildew resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, and good insulation. They also exhibited high strength, chemical resistance and strong adhesion when stored in a cool and ventilated place. If other diluents or other ingredients are added during the stirring process, it will affect the curing effect and produce uncontrollable effects such as air bubbles. After curing, it was extremely transparent, with a smooth and hard surface. FLG@nanocomposites with a two-dimensional bonding structure were synthesized using ball milling: the number of exfoliated FLG layers was about 10 graphene layers, and the particle size was about 10 particles. The Fe interfacial bonding was uniformly bonded to the FLG substrate. On the other hand, FLG can be used as a high-speed electron transport network to improve the conductivity of all electrodes. In addition, FLG was good at diffusing and immobilizing nanoparticles, avoiding particle adhesion. It can effectively control the change of particle volume and ensure the stability of the complex structure.


## 4.3. Analysis of Big Data Technology and Resource Optimization Algorithm

The manufacturing process flow of the PSA immunosensor is shown in Figure1. Glassy carbon electrodes (d = 3 mm) were polished with 1, 0.3, and 0.05 μm·Al, respectively, and then rinsed with distilled water. Before modifying the electrodes, electrodes were placed in 0.5 mol·L−1 solution from −2 to A and scanned for 1 V until the Tamogram was repeated. After continuous ultrasonic vibration in 1: 1 sulfuric acid solution and natural drying, 5 μL of 3D-GR@AuNPs compound were added dropwise to the dry electrode, and was again dried naturally at room temperature. Then, 5 μL of 50 μg·mL−1 Ab1 solution was added to the dry electrode, incubated for 20 minutes, and the electrode surface was washed with pH 7.4 PBS after drying. 5 μL of 1% BSA solution was added and incubated for 1 h to cover non-specific spots.Figure 1
Fabrication process of the PSA sensor.Graphene is the best 2D nanomaterial. It has excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, and has important application prospects in materials science, micro-nano processing, energy, biomedicine, and drug delivery, and is considered to be a revolutionary material in the future. It is only one atom thicker than a DNA molecule and has the distance between two adjacent bases, which can be used for electronic genetic sequences. Graphene also has a very large special surface −2630 meters, 2 grams, which makes it suitable as a drug carrier, as shown in Figure2:Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the synthesis and preparation of multifunctional materials.Some devices participated in the experiment. The equipment used in the process is shown in Table1:Table 1
Laboratory instruments.
Device nameModelManufacturerElectronic balanceHTP-312Zhengzhou Instrument FactoryUltrasonic cleanerDF-101SNicholas USACirculating pumpSB-5200DTNAmerican TA companyFlat vulcanizerDHG-101-1BSJapan electronics co., ltd.X-ray analyzerXLBDandong Instrument FactoryAs the temperature increased, the hardness of the resin and the thickness of propylene was affected to varying degrees, as shown in Table2.Table 2
Effects of different temperatures on resin hardness.
Experiment numberTemperature (°C)Film scratches (H)Damping hardness17520.42328030.32538130.26148520.32659040.711As given in Table2, when the temperature reached the highest, the film scratches and harness were also the highest, and the, reaching 0.711. In order to remove the Ni-Mo-Mg catalyst in the carbon product and obtain pure carbon nanotubes, the obtained carbon product must be soaked in hydrochloric acid for 12 hours, and then repeatedly washed with deionized water until neutral, and the yield was calculated after drying. The content of PP/5% Ni-Mo-Mg was stable, and the mass fractions of Cl-Rice-Char with different contents were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 15%, respectively, and the Cl-Rice-Char composite material burns. The schematic diagram of the experiment is shown in Figure 3:Figure 3
Schematic diagram of combustion experiment.Propylene, an organic compound, is a colorless, odorless, slightly sweet, and flammable gas that produces a bright flame when burned. The explosion limit in the air is 2.4% to 10.3%; insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether. Changes in propylene concentration and pH will affect the ECL signal intensity to some extent, as well as the quality of the ferroelectric particles, as shown in Figure4:Figure 4
Graph of pH concentration changes.To test the concentration of diluted acrylic paint in a painting, we selected three substances and their effects. The conclusions are shown in Table3:Table 3
Comparison of concentrations of different substances after dilution.
Substance nameJoin numberConcentration after dilution (%)Fluorodioxane44523.12Cisplatin44120.12Paclitaxel25618.93Fluorescent label36517.66As given in Table3, the fluorescent label had the lowest concentration after being diluted, reaching 17.66%; after being diluted, fluorodioxane had the highest concentration, reaching 23.12%. In the reaction system, the content of reduced graphene oxide in the final product was controlled by controlling the amount of graphene oxide added, and the best raw material ratio was obtained, as shown in Figure 5:Figure 5
Optimum raw material ratio.In the strict sense, nanofibers refer to ultrafine fibers with a diameter of nanometers, and in a broad sense, include fibers that are modified by filling nanoparticles into ordinary fibers. Cycling curves of the nanocomposite fibers for the first 3 weeks: the maximum value of the first drop initially appeared at 0.5 V. When a large number of lithium ions were intercalated into the active material and reacted, the reduction reaction of the metal salt and the reaction of zinc with part of the lithium ions formed a zinc-lithium alloy. At the same time, the irreversible SEI in the electrode created the surface of the material and utilized some of the lithium ions. While this process was useful for increasing the first discharge capacity, it was irreversible, resulting in a loss of capacity. As shown in Figure6:Figure 6
Cycling curves of nanocomposite fibers for the first 3 weeks.The effect of reaction temperature on free formaldehyde and methylol content is shown in Table4. The following conclusions were drawn:Table 4
Effect of reaction temperature on free formaldehyde and methylol content.
Reaction temperature/°CProduct statusFree formaldehyde content/(%)Methylol content/(%)40Milky white solid1.3611.9250Milky white viscous liquid1.9521.3360Light milky white liquid1.5811.58As given in Table4, when the reaction temperature was 50°, the free formaldehyde and methylol content reached the highest, 1.95% and 21.33%, respectively. When the amount of crosslinking agent was low, the gloss of the coating was low. This was because some hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were not cross-linked and cured, and the coating was not dried, as shown in Figure 7:Figure 7
Effect of crosslinker amount on coating properties.The performance of ferroelectric nanomaterials acting on acrylic paint films usually depends on the crosslinking density of the polymer, which is largely determined by its curing time and temperature. Acrylic paint films dry quickly, have good adhesion, and are heat resistant. Due to its good weather resistance and good outdoor durability, it can be used in lower temperature conditions, as shown in Table5.Table 5
Effect of curing temperature and time on film properties.
Curing temperature (°C)Curing timeExternalAdhesionImpact strength13025∼30Light yellow15015010∼15Colorless, high gloss1501805∼8Light yellow240


## 5. Conclusion

In this paper, chemical detection research was carried out based on the principle of ECL analysis, fluorescent CDs were synthesized as fluorescent reagents, and a new type of high-sensitivity ECL sensor was prepared. Quick resolution and easy-to-use completion was using protein molecules or protein molecules as fluorescent reagents. CD has the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, good luminous efficiency, etc. It can replace traditional optical reagents and has wide application potential. We also synthesized nano-NPS and bimetallic alloys with controllable three-dimensional structures. These nanoporous metal materials have strong catalytic activity and electron transfer ability. The high ECL efficiency plays a role in signal amplification in the reaction when combined with CD to form Bi4Ti3O12 nanocomposites with better performance. At this stage, acrylic paint is the most widely used material. It has unique features. Acrylic paint provides us with more visual language. It also brings unknown expression space to painting creation. People are still unfamiliar with acrylic painting. There is a lack of systemic and in-depth research but society still needs to give importance to the current situation and related theories of acrylic painting. Acrylic painting is a popular painting work in the West and can only be called acrylic composite on canvas. It cannot be a separate type of painting. This is not the same as attending our exhibition. I believe a painter who explores acrylic painting will discover more over time. I believe that acrylic painting can become an independent painting genre in the future and become more recognizable. The more people understand the essence of acrylic painting, the more they will be willing to accept more unique acrylic materials. The research on the volatile substances of acrylic pigment dilution coatings based on ferroelectric nanomaterials is also of great significance for promoting the application and development of current acrylic pigments.



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*Source: 3595309-2022-08-13.xml*