# Vector Rotators of Rigid Body Dynamics with Coupled Rotations around Axes without Intersection

Authors: Katica R. (Stevanović) Hedrih; Ljiljana Veljović
Journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
 (2011)

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## Abstract

Vector method based on mass moment vectors and vector rotators coupled for pole and oriented axes is used for obtaining vector expressions for kinetic pressures on the shaft bearings of a rigid body dynamics with coupled rotations around axes without intersection. Mass inertia moment vectors and corresponding deviational vector components for pole and oriented axis are defined by K. Hedrih in 1991. These kinematical vectors rotators are defined for a system with two degrees of freedom as well as for rheonomic system with two degrees of mobility and one degree of freedom and coupled rotations around two coupled axes without intersection as well as their angular velocities and intensity. As an example of defined dynamics, we take into consideration a heavy gyrorotor disk with one degree of freedom and coupled rotations when one component of rotation is programmed by constant angular velocity. For this system with nonlinear dynamics, a series of tree parametric transformations of system nonlinear dynamics are presented. Some graphical visualization of vector rotators properties are presented too.


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## Body

## 1. Introduction

Well-known toy top or a tern is just a simple toy for many that has the unusual property that when it rotates sufficiently by high angular velocity about its axis of symmetry and it keeps in the state of stationary rotation around this axis. This feature has attracted scientists around the world and as a result of years of research created many devices and instruments, from simple to very complex structures, which operate on the principle of a spinning top that plays an important role in stabilizing the movement. Ability gyroscope that keeps the line was used in many fields of mechanical engineering, mining, aviation, navigation, military industry, and in celestial mechanics.Gyroscopes’ name comes from the Greek wordsγυρο (turn) and σκοπεω (observed) and is related to the experiments that the 1852nd were painted by Jean Bernard Leon Foucault. The principle of gyroscope based on the principle of precession pseudoregular.Gyroscopes are very responsible parts of instruments for aircraft, rockets, missiles, transport vehicles, and many weapons. This gives them a very important role, and they need to be under the strict control of the design and inner workings because in case of damage they could lead to catastrophic consequences. Gyroscope (gyro, top) is a homogeneous, axis-symmetric rotating body that rotates by large angular velocity about its axis of symmetry and is now one of the most inertial sensors that measure angular velocity and small angular disturbances angular displacement around the reference axis.Properties of gyroscopes possess heavenly bodies in motion, artillery projectiles in motion, rotors of turbines, different mobile installations on ships, aircraft propeller rotating, and so forth. The modern technique of gyroscope is an essential element of powerful gyroscopic devices and accessories, which are used to automatically control movement of aircraft, missiles, ships, torpedoes, and so on. They are used in navigation to stabilize the movement of ships in a seaway, to change direction, and direction of angular and translator velocity projectiles, and in many other special purposes.There are many devices that are applied to the military,  and their design is based on the principles of gyroscopes. Technical applications gyros today are so manifold and diverse that there is a need to get out of the general theory of gyroscopes allocates a separate discipline, called “applied theory of gyroscopes.”An overview of optical gyroscopes theory with practical aspects, applications, and future trends is presented in [1] written by Adi in 2006.The original research results of dynamics and stability of gyrostats were given in 1979 by Ančev and Rumjancev [2].Three  of papers [3–5] written by Rumjancev related to stability of rotation of a heavy rigid body with one fixed point in S. V. Kovalevskaya's case, on the stability of motion of gyrostats and Stability of rotation of a heavy gyrostat on a horizontal plane pointed out important  research results in this area.Subjects of series of published papers (see [3–15]) are construction models, dynamics, and applications of gyroscopes as well as special phenomena of nonlinear vibration properties of the gyroscope, analysis of gyroscope dynamics for a satellites, analytical research results on a synchronous gyroscopic vibration absorber, inertial rotation sensing in three dimensions using coupled electromagnetic ring-gyroscopes, gyroscopes for orientation and inertial navigation, and others.By Cavalca et al. [10] published in 2005 an investigation result on the influence of the supporting structure on the dynamics of the rotor system is presented.Each mechanical gyroscope is based on coupled rotations around more axes with one point intersection. Most of the old equipment was based on rotation of complex and coupled component rotations which resulting in rotation about fixed point gyroscopes.The classical book [16] by Andonov et al. contains a classical and very important elementary dynamical model of heavy mass particle relative motion along rotate circle around vertical axis through its centre, whose nonlinear dynamics and singularities are primitive model of the simple case of the gyrorotor, and present an analogous and useful dynamical and mathematical model of nonlinear dynamics.No precisions and errors appear in the functions of gyroscopes caused by eccentricity and unbalanced gyrorotor body as well by distance between axis of rotations are reason to investigate determined task  as in the title of our paper.This vector approach proposed by us is very suitable to obtain new view to the properties of dynamics of pure classical task, investigated by numerous generations of the researchers and serious scientists around the world.Using Hedrih’s (see [17–22]) mass moment vectors and vector rotators, some characteristics members of the vector expressions of derivatives of linear momentum and angular momentum for the gyrorotor coupled rotations around two axes without intersection obtain physical and dynamical visible properties of the complex system dynamics.Between them there are vector terms that present deviational couple effect containing vector rotators whose directions are the same as kinetic pressure components on corresponding gyrorotor shaft bearings.Also, we can conclude that the impact of different possibilities to establish the phenomenological analogy of different physical vector models (see [17, 20]) expressed by vectors connected to the pole and the axis and the influence of such possibilities to applications allows researchers and scientists to obtain larger views within their specialization fields. This is the reason for introducing mass moment vectors to the rotor dynamics, as well as vector rotators.The primary-main vector is𝔍⃗n⃗(O)  vector of the body mass inertia moment at the point A=O  for the axis oriented by the unit vector n⃗ and there is a corresponding 𝔇⃗n⃗(O) vector of the rigid body mass deviational moment for the axis through the point  A (see [17, 20]).Also, there are a number of thevector  rotators, pure kinematics vectors depending on angular velocity and angular acceleration of the body rotation as well as of the mass center position or deviational plane of the body in relation to the axis.For the case of a rigid body simple rotation about one axis there are two orthogonal vector rotators with same intensity depending on angular acceleration and angular velocity. Directions of these vector rotators are the same as components of kinetic pressures to shaft bearings.  The vector rotators correspond to the rotation axis and one in the deviational plane through the axis and second orthogonal to the deviational plane and both with intensityℜ=ω̇2+ω4. In the listed papers [17–22] as well as in others, written by first author of this paper, no listed heir, many applications of the discovered vector method by using mass moment vectors are presented  for to express  kinetic parameters of heavy rotors dynamics as well as of coupled multistep rotors dynamics and for gyrorotors dynamics.Organizations of this paper based on the vector method applications with use of the mass moment vectors and vector rotators for obtaining vector expressions for linear momentum and angular momentum and their derivatives of the rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersections. These obtained expressions are analyzed and series of conclusions are pointed out, all useful for analysis of the rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersections when system dynamics is with two degrees of mobility as well as with two degrees of freedom, or for constrained by programmed rheonomic constraint and with one degree of freedom.By using  two vector equations of dynamic equilibrium of rigid body dynamics with coupled rotations around two axes without intersection for two degrees of freedom it is possible to obtain two nonlinear differential equations in scalar form for rotations about each axes and also corresponding kinetic pressures in vector form  bearing of both shafts.


## 2. Mass Moment Vectors for the Axis to the Pole

The monograph [20], IUTAM extended abstract [17], and monograph paper [21] contain definitions of three mass moment vectors coupled to an axis passing through a certain point as a reference pole.  Now, we start with necessary definitions of mass momentum vectors.Definitions of selected mass moment vectors for the axis and the pole, which are used in this paper are as follows.(1)
Vector𝔖⃗n⃗(O) of the body mass linear moment for the axis, oriented by the unit vector n⃗, through the point—pole O, in the following form (see Figure 1):
(2.1)S⃗n⃗(O)≝∭V[n⃗,ρ⃗]dm=[n⃗,ρ⃗C]M,dm=σdV,
where ρ⃗ is the position vector of the elementary body mass particle dm in point N, between pole O and mass particle position N.(2)
Vector𝔍⃗n⃗(O) of the body mass inertia moment for the axis, oriented by the unit vector n⃗, through the point—pole O, in the following form
(2.2)J⃗n⃗(O)≝∭V[ρ⃗,[n⃗,ρ⃗]]dm.Figure 1
Arbitrary position of rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersection. System is with two degrees of mobility (two freedom or one degree of freedom and one rheonomic constraint) whereφ1 and φ2 are generalized coordinates fixed coordinate system  and two moveable coordinate systems O1ξ1η1ζ1=O1ξ1η1z and O2ξ2η2ζ2=O2ξ2η2z2 that are rotating with component angular velocities of rigid body coupled rotations: independent generalized (/or rheonomic) coordinates are φ1 coordinate of precession rotation and φ2 coordinate around self rotation axis.  Vector rotators ℜ⃗01,  ℜ⃗011, and ℜ⃗022 are presented.For special cases, the details can be seen in [17–22]. In the previously cited references, the spherical and deviational parts of the mass inertia moment vector and the inertia tensor are analysed. In monograph [20] knowledge about the change (rate) in time and the derivatives of the mass moment vectors of the body mass linear moment, the body mass inertia moment for the pole, and a corresponding axis for different properties of the body, is shown, on the basis of results from the first author’s reference [22].This expression(2.3)J⃗n⃗(O)=J⃗n⃗(O1)+⌊ρ⃗O,S⃗n⃗(O1)⌋+[M⃗C(O1),[n⃗,ρ⃗O]]+[ρ⃗O,[n⃗,ρ⃗O]]M
is the  vector  form  of  the  theorem for  the  relation  of  material  body  mass  inertia  moment  vectors,𝔍⃗n⃗(O) and 𝔍⃗n⃗(O1),  for  two  parallel  axes  through  two  corresponding  points,  poleO  and  poleO1. We can see that all the terms in the last expression have the same structure. These structures are  [ρ⃗O,[n⃗,r⃗O]]M,[r⃗C,[n⃗,ρ⃗O]]M, and [ρ⃗O,[n⃗,ρ⃗O]]M.In the case when the poleO1 is the centre C of the body mass, the vector r⃗C (the position vector of the mass centre with respect to the pole O1) is equal to zero whereas the vector ρ⃗O turns into ρ⃗C so that the last expression (2.3) can be written in the following form:(2.4)J⃗n⃗(O)=J⃗n⃗(C)+[ρ⃗C,[n⃗,ρ⃗C]]M.This expression (2.4) represents the vector form of the theorem of the rate change of the mass inertia moment vector for the axis and the pole, when the axis is translated from the pole at the mass centre C to the arbitrary point, pole O.TheHuygens-Steiner  theorems (see [20, 21]) for the body mass axial inertia moments, as well as for the mass deviational moments, emerged from  this  theorem (2.4) on the change of the vector  𝔍⃗n⃗(O) of the body mass inertia moment at point O for the axis oriented by the unit vector  n⃗  passing through the mass center C, and when the axis is moved by translate to the other point O.Mass inertia moment vector𝔍⃗n⃗(O) for the axis to the pole is possible to decompose in two parts: first n⃗(n⃗,𝔍⃗n⃗(O)) collinear with axis and second 𝔇⃗n⃗(O) normal to the axis. So we can write (2.5)J⃗n⃗(O)=n⃗(n⃗,J⃗n⃗(O))+D⃗n⃗(O)=Jn⃗(O)n⃗+D⃗n⃗(O).Collinear componentn⃗(n⃗,𝔍⃗n⃗(O)) to the axis corresponds to the axial mass inertia moment Jn⃗(O) of the body. Second component, 𝔇⃗n⃗(O), orthogonal to the axis, we denote by the 𝔇⃗O(n⃗), and it is possible to obtain by both side double vector products by unit vector n⃗ with mass moment vector 𝔍⃗n⃗(O) in the following form: (2.6)D⃗n⃗(O)=[n⃗,[J⃗n⃗(O),n]]=J⃗n⃗(O)(n⃗,n⃗)-n⃗(n⃗,J⃗n⃗(O))=J⃗n⃗(O)-JOn⃗n⃗.
In case when rigid body is balanced with respect to the axis the mass inertia moment vector 𝔍⃗n⃗(O) is collinear to the axis and there is no deviational part. In this case axis of rotation is main axis of body inertia. When axis of rotation is not main axis then mass inertial moment vector for the axis contains deviation part 𝔇⃗n⃗(O). That is case of rotation unbalanced rotor according to axis and bodies skew positioned to the axis of rotation.


## 3. Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum Vector Expressions for Rigid Body Dynamic with Coupled Rotation around Axes without Intersection

### 3.1. Model of a Rigid Body Rotation around Two Axes without Intersection

Let us to consider rigid body rotation around two axes first oriented by unit vectorn⃗1 with fixed position and second oriented by unit vector n⃗2 which is rotating around fixed axis with angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1. Axes of rotation are without intersection. Rigid body is positioned on the moving rotating axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and rotate around self-rotating axis with angular velocity ω⃗2=ω2n⃗2 and around fixed axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 with angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1. Then, axes of rigid body coupled rotations are without intersection. The shortest orthogonal distance between axes is defined by length O1O2¯ and it are perpendicular to both axes that is to the direction of angular velocities ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 and ω⃗2=ω2n⃗2. This vector is r⃗0=O1O2⃗ (see Figure 1):(3.1)r⃗0=r0[n⃗1,n⃗2]|[n⃗1,n⃗2]|=r0u⃗01,
and it can be seen on Figure 1.When any of three main central axes of rigid body mass inertia moment is not in direction of self rotation axis, then we can see that rigid body is skew positioned. The anglesβi, i=1,2 are angles of skew position of rigid body to the self rotation axis. When center C of the mass of rigid body is not on self rotation axis of  rigid body rotation, we can say that rigid body is skew.  Eccentricity of position is normal distance between mass center C and axis of self rotation and it is defined by e⃗=[n⃗2,[ρ⃗C,n⃗2]]. Here ρ⃗C is vector position  of mass center C with origin in point O2, and position vector of mass center with fixed origin in point O1 is r⃗C=r⃗O+ρ⃗C.A plane in which lies the shortest distance, lenghtO1O2¯, that is perpendicular to fixed axis of precession rotation by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 is denoted as Rn1. A plane that is formed by the shortest distance and fixed axis of component (transmission) rotation gyrorotor system is denoted as  R0 and in referent position with O1x we denote axis of fixed coordinate system,  with O1z we denote axis in line with axis of component rotation by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 while third axis O1y is perpendicular to it. Lets choose a moveable axis O1ξ1 in line to vector r⃗0=O1O2⃗, axis O1ζ1=O1z that rotates by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 around the moveable coordinate system is rotating O1ξ1η1ζ1=O1ξ1η1z as it can be seen on Figure 2.Vector rotatorsℜ⃗1  (a) and ℜ⃗2 (b) in  relations to corresponding mass moment vectors  𝔍⃗n⃗1(O2) and  𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2),  and their corresponding deviational components 𝔇⃗n⃗1(O2) and 𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) as well as to corresponding deviational planes.
(a)(b)In the rigid body, an elementary mass around pointN we denote dm with position vector ρ⃗, and with origin in the point O2 on the movable self rotation axis and with r⃗ vector positions of the same body elementary mass with origin in the point O1 where point O1 is fixed on the axis oriented by unit n⃗1 and O2 is on self-axis rotation oriented by unit n⃗2 and  both points are on the end of shortest orthogonal distance betwen axis of body coupled rotations. Position vector of elementary mass with origin in pole O1 is r⃗=r⃗0+ρ⃗, and velocity of mass particle dm is: v⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]+[ω⃗1+ω⃗2,ρ⃗].


### 3.2. Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Coupled Rotations around Two Axes without Intersection

By using basic definition of linear momentum and angular momentum as well as expresson for velocity of rotation elementary body massv⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]+[ω⃗1+ω⃗2,ρ⃗], we can write the following vector expressions: (a)
for linear momentum in the following vector form (see [20, 23]):
(3.2)K⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]M+ω1S⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω2S⃗n⃗2(O2),
where 𝔖⃗n⃗1(O2)=∭V[n⃗1,ρ⃗]dm  and  𝔖⃗n⃗2(O2)=∭V[n⃗2,ρ⃗]dm are correspond body mass linear moment of the rigid body for the axes oriented by direction of component angular velocities of coupled rotations through the movable pole O2 on self-rotating axis;(b)
for angular momentum in the following vector form (see [20, 23]):
(3.3)L⃗O1=ω1n⃗1r02M+ω1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω1J⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω2J⃗n⃗2(O2),
where 𝔍⃗n1⃗(O2)≝∭V[ρ⃗,[n1⃗,ρ⃗]]dm and 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2)≝∭V[ρ⃗,[n⃗2,ρ⃗]]dm are corresponding rigid body mass inertia moment vectors for the axes oriented by directions of component rotations through the pole O2 on self-rotating axes.First term in expression (2.6) presents transmission part of linear momentum as if all rigid body mass is concentrate in pole O2 on self-rotating axis and rotate around fixed axes with angular velocity ω1. This part is equal to zero  in case when axes are with intersection. Second and third terms in expression for linear momentum  present linear  momentum of pure rotation, as relative motion around two axes with intersection in the pole O2 on self rotation axes. This two parts are different from zero in all case.Term𝔖⃗n⃗1O=[n⃗1,r⃗O]M is corresponding linear mass moment vector  as if all rigid body mass M is concentrate  in pole O2 on the self rotation axis for the axis oriented by direction of precision rotation, threw the pole O1.First term in expression (3.3) presents transmission part of angular momentum as if all rigid body is concentrate in pole O2 on self-rotating axes and rotate arround fixed axis with angular velocity ω1. This part is equal to zero  in case when axes are with intersection.  First, second, third, and fourth members present transmission parts and fifth and sixth parts present relative angular momentum with respect to pole O2 of pure rotation  by two axes as they are with intersection in pole O2 on self axis rotation. In case when axes are with intersection first four members in expression for angular moment are equal to zero.


### 3.3. Derivatives of Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum of Rigid Body Coupled Rotations around Two Axes without Intersection

By using expressions for linear momentum (3.2) after taking in account derivatives of parts, the derivative of linear momentum of rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersection, we can write the following vector expression:(3.4)dK⃗dt=ω̇1[n⃗1,r⃗0]M+ω12[n⃗1,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1S⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω12[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2S⃗n⃗2(O2)+ω22[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)].After analysis structure of linear momentum derivative terms, we can see that it is possible to introduce pure kinematic vectors depending on component angular velocitie and component angular accelerations of component coupled rotations that are useful to express derivatives of linear moment in following form(3.5)dK⃗dt=R⃗01|[n⃗1,r⃗0]|M+R⃗011|S⃗n⃗1(O2)|+R⃗022|S⃗n⃗2(O2)|+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)].By using vector expressions for angular momentum (4.1) after taking in account derivatives of parts, the derivative of angular momentum of rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersection, we can write the folowing expression:(3.6)dL⃗O1dt=ω̇1[r⃗0,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω1ω2[r⃗0,[[n⃗1,n⃗2],ρ⃗C]]M+ω1ω2[[n⃗2,ρ⃗C],[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M-ω12[ρ⃗C,r⃗0]M+ω12[[n⃗1,ρ⃗C],[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω12[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω12[r⃗0,[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω̇2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω22[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω1ω2M{[r⃗0,n⃗1](ρ⃗C,n⃗2)-[r⃗0,ρ⃗C](n⃗1,n⃗2)}+ω1ω2M{n⃗2(ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0])-ρ⃗C(n⃗2,[n⃗1,r⃗0])+[r⃗0,n⃗2(n⃗1,ρ⃗C)]-[r⃗0,ρ⃗C(n⃗1,n⃗2)]}+ω̇1J⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω12[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2J⃗n⃗2(O2)+ω22[n⃗2,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)].After analysis structure of angular momentum terms, we can see, as in previous chapter for the derivatives of linear momentum, that it is possible to introduce pure kinematic vectors rotators depending on angular velocities and angular accelerations of component coupled rotations and that is used to express derivatives of angular momentum in the following shorter form:(3.7)dL⃗O1dt=χ⃗12(r⃗0,ρ⃗C,M,ω̇1,ω̇2,ω1,ω2,n⃗1,n⃗2)+ω̇1n⃗1r02M+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω̇1(n⃗1,J⃗n⃗1(O2))n⃗1+ω̇2(n⃗2,J⃗n⃗2(O2))n⃗2+R⃗1|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|+R⃗2|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|,
where the following denotation is used: (3.8)χ⃗12(r⃗0,ρ⃗C,M,ω̇1,ω̇2,ω1,ω2,n⃗1,n⃗2)=ω̇1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω12[n⃗1,[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]]M+ω̇1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω12[n⃗1,[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω22[n⃗2,[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω12n⃗1(r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2))M+ω22[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]-ω1ω2[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗2(O2)]M+ω12Mn⃗1(ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0])+ω1ω2[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗2(O2)]M+ω2ω1[r⃗0,[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω1ω2[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω1ω2(ρ⃗C,n⃗1)[r⃗0,n⃗2]M-ω1ω2(ρ⃗C,n⃗2)[r⃗0,n⃗1]M.


## 3.1. Model of a Rigid Body Rotation around Two Axes without Intersection

Let us to consider rigid body rotation around two axes first oriented by unit vectorn⃗1 with fixed position and second oriented by unit vector n⃗2 which is rotating around fixed axis with angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1. Axes of rotation are without intersection. Rigid body is positioned on the moving rotating axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and rotate around self-rotating axis with angular velocity ω⃗2=ω2n⃗2 and around fixed axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 with angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1. Then, axes of rigid body coupled rotations are without intersection. The shortest orthogonal distance between axes is defined by length O1O2¯ and it are perpendicular to both axes that is to the direction of angular velocities ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 and ω⃗2=ω2n⃗2. This vector is r⃗0=O1O2⃗ (see Figure 1):(3.1)r⃗0=r0[n⃗1,n⃗2]|[n⃗1,n⃗2]|=r0u⃗01,
and it can be seen on Figure 1.When any of three main central axes of rigid body mass inertia moment is not in direction of self rotation axis, then we can see that rigid body is skew positioned. The anglesβi, i=1,2 are angles of skew position of rigid body to the self rotation axis. When center C of the mass of rigid body is not on self rotation axis of  rigid body rotation, we can say that rigid body is skew.  Eccentricity of position is normal distance between mass center C and axis of self rotation and it is defined by e⃗=[n⃗2,[ρ⃗C,n⃗2]]. Here ρ⃗C is vector position  of mass center C with origin in point O2, and position vector of mass center with fixed origin in point O1 is r⃗C=r⃗O+ρ⃗C.A plane in which lies the shortest distance, lenghtO1O2¯, that is perpendicular to fixed axis of precession rotation by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 is denoted as Rn1. A plane that is formed by the shortest distance and fixed axis of component (transmission) rotation gyrorotor system is denoted as  R0 and in referent position with O1x we denote axis of fixed coordinate system,  with O1z we denote axis in line with axis of component rotation by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 while third axis O1y is perpendicular to it. Lets choose a moveable axis O1ξ1 in line to vector r⃗0=O1O2⃗, axis O1ζ1=O1z that rotates by angular velocity ω⃗1=ω1n⃗1 around the moveable coordinate system is rotating O1ξ1η1ζ1=O1ξ1η1z as it can be seen on Figure 2.Vector rotatorsℜ⃗1  (a) and ℜ⃗2 (b) in  relations to corresponding mass moment vectors  𝔍⃗n⃗1(O2) and  𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2),  and their corresponding deviational components 𝔇⃗n⃗1(O2) and 𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) as well as to corresponding deviational planes.
(a)(b)In the rigid body, an elementary mass around pointN we denote dm with position vector ρ⃗, and with origin in the point O2 on the movable self rotation axis and with r⃗ vector positions of the same body elementary mass with origin in the point O1 where point O1 is fixed on the axis oriented by unit n⃗1 and O2 is on self-axis rotation oriented by unit n⃗2 and  both points are on the end of shortest orthogonal distance betwen axis of body coupled rotations. Position vector of elementary mass with origin in pole O1 is r⃗=r⃗0+ρ⃗, and velocity of mass particle dm is: v⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]+[ω⃗1+ω⃗2,ρ⃗].


## 3.2. Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Coupled Rotations around Two Axes without Intersection

By using basic definition of linear momentum and angular momentum as well as expresson for velocity of rotation elementary body massv⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]+[ω⃗1+ω⃗2,ρ⃗], we can write the following vector expressions: (a)
for linear momentum in the following vector form (see [20, 23]):
(3.2)K⃗=[ω⃗1,r⃗0]M+ω1S⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω2S⃗n⃗2(O2),
where 𝔖⃗n⃗1(O2)=∭V[n⃗1,ρ⃗]dm  and  𝔖⃗n⃗2(O2)=∭V[n⃗2,ρ⃗]dm are correspond body mass linear moment of the rigid body for the axes oriented by direction of component angular velocities of coupled rotations through the movable pole O2 on self-rotating axis;(b)
for angular momentum in the following vector form (see [20, 23]):
(3.3)L⃗O1=ω1n⃗1r02M+ω1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω1J⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω2J⃗n⃗2(O2),
where 𝔍⃗n1⃗(O2)≝∭V[ρ⃗,[n1⃗,ρ⃗]]dm and 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2)≝∭V[ρ⃗,[n⃗2,ρ⃗]]dm are corresponding rigid body mass inertia moment vectors for the axes oriented by directions of component rotations through the pole O2 on self-rotating axes.First term in expression (2.6) presents transmission part of linear momentum as if all rigid body mass is concentrate in pole O2 on self-rotating axis and rotate around fixed axes with angular velocity ω1. This part is equal to zero  in case when axes are with intersection. Second and third terms in expression for linear momentum  present linear  momentum of pure rotation, as relative motion around two axes with intersection in the pole O2 on self rotation axes. This two parts are different from zero in all case.Term𝔖⃗n⃗1O=[n⃗1,r⃗O]M is corresponding linear mass moment vector  as if all rigid body mass M is concentrate  in pole O2 on the self rotation axis for the axis oriented by direction of precision rotation, threw the pole O1.First term in expression (3.3) presents transmission part of angular momentum as if all rigid body is concentrate in pole O2 on self-rotating axes and rotate arround fixed axis with angular velocity ω1. This part is equal to zero  in case when axes are with intersection.  First, second, third, and fourth members present transmission parts and fifth and sixth parts present relative angular momentum with respect to pole O2 of pure rotation  by two axes as they are with intersection in pole O2 on self axis rotation. In case when axes are with intersection first four members in expression for angular moment are equal to zero.


## 3.3. Derivatives of Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum of Rigid Body Coupled Rotations around Two Axes without Intersection

By using expressions for linear momentum (3.2) after taking in account derivatives of parts, the derivative of linear momentum of rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersection, we can write the following vector expression:(3.4)dK⃗dt=ω̇1[n⃗1,r⃗0]M+ω12[n⃗1,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1S⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω12[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2S⃗n⃗2(O2)+ω22[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)].After analysis structure of linear momentum derivative terms, we can see that it is possible to introduce pure kinematic vectors depending on component angular velocitie and component angular accelerations of component coupled rotations that are useful to express derivatives of linear moment in following form(3.5)dK⃗dt=R⃗01|[n⃗1,r⃗0]|M+R⃗011|S⃗n⃗1(O2)|+R⃗022|S⃗n⃗2(O2)|+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)].By using vector expressions for angular momentum (4.1) after taking in account derivatives of parts, the derivative of angular momentum of rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersection, we can write the folowing expression:(3.6)dL⃗O1dt=ω̇1[r⃗0,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω1ω2[r⃗0,[[n⃗1,n⃗2],ρ⃗C]]M+ω1ω2[[n⃗2,ρ⃗C],[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M-ω12[ρ⃗C,r⃗0]M+ω12[[n⃗1,ρ⃗C],[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω̇1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω12[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω12[r⃗0,[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω̇2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω22[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω1ω2M{[r⃗0,n⃗1](ρ⃗C,n⃗2)-[r⃗0,ρ⃗C](n⃗1,n⃗2)}+ω1ω2M{n⃗2(ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0])-ρ⃗C(n⃗2,[n⃗1,r⃗0])+[r⃗0,n⃗2(n⃗1,ρ⃗C)]-[r⃗0,ρ⃗C(n⃗1,n⃗2)]}+ω̇1J⃗n⃗1(O2)+ω12[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2J⃗n⃗2(O2)+ω22[n⃗2,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)].After analysis structure of angular momentum terms, we can see, as in previous chapter for the derivatives of linear momentum, that it is possible to introduce pure kinematic vectors rotators depending on angular velocities and angular accelerations of component coupled rotations and that is used to express derivatives of angular momentum in the following shorter form:(3.7)dL⃗O1dt=χ⃗12(r⃗0,ρ⃗C,M,ω̇1,ω̇2,ω1,ω2,n⃗1,n⃗2)+ω̇1n⃗1r02M+2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω̇1(n⃗1,J⃗n⃗1(O2))n⃗1+ω̇2(n⃗2,J⃗n⃗2(O2))n⃗2+R⃗1|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|+R⃗2|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|,
where the following denotation is used: (3.8)χ⃗12(r⃗0,ρ⃗C,M,ω̇1,ω̇2,ω1,ω2,n⃗1,n⃗2)=ω̇1[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]M+ω12[n⃗1,[ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0]]]M+ω̇1[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]+ω̇2[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]+ω12[n⃗1,[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω22[n⃗2,[r⃗0,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω12n⃗1(r⃗0,S⃗n⃗1(O2))M+ω22[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]-ω1ω2[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗2(O2)]M+ω12Mn⃗1(ρ⃗C,[n⃗1,r⃗0])+ω1ω2[[n⃗1,r⃗0],S⃗n⃗2(O2)]M+ω2ω1[r⃗0,[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]]+ω1ω2[r⃗0,[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗1(O2)]]+ω1ω2(ρ⃗C,n⃗1)[r⃗0,n⃗2]M-ω1ω2(ρ⃗C,n⃗2)[r⃗0,n⃗1]M.


## 4. Vector Rotators of Rigid Body Coupled Rotations around Two Axes without Intersection

We can see that in previous expression (3.5) for derivative of linear momentum the following three vectors are introduced:(4.1)R⃗01=ω̇1u⃗01+ω12v⃗01,R⃗01=ω̇1[n⃗1,r⃗0r0]+ω12[n⃗1,[n⃗1,r⃗0r0]],R⃗011=ω̇1u⃗011+ω12v⃗011,R⃗011=ω̇1S⃗n⃗1(O2)|S⃗n⃗1(O2)|+ω12[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗1(O2)|S⃗n⃗1(O2)|]=ω̇1[n⃗1,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗1,ρ⃗C]|+ω12[n⃗1,[n⃗1,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗1,ρ⃗C]|,R⃗022=ω̇1u⃗022+ω12v⃗022,R⃗022=ω̇2S⃗n⃗2(O2)|S⃗n⃗2(O2)|+ω22[n⃗2,S⃗n⃗2(O2)|S⃗n⃗2(O2)|]=ω̇2[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|+ω12[n⃗2,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|.The first two vector rotatorsℜ⃗01 and ℜ⃗011 are orthogonal to the direction of the first fixed axis and third vector rotator ℜ⃗022 is orthogonal to the self rotation axis. But, first vector rotator ℜ⃗01 is coupled for pole O1 on the fixed axis and second and third vector rotators, ℜ⃗011 and  ℜ⃗022,  are coupled for the pole O2 at self rotation axis and for corresponding direction oriented by directions of component angular velocities of coupled rotations.  Intensity of two first rotators is equal and is expressed by angular velocity and angular acceleration of the first component rotation, and intensity of third vector  rotators is  expressed by angular velocity and angular acceleration of the second component rotation, and are in the following forms:(4.2)R01=R011=ω̇12+ω14,R022=ω̇22+ω24.Lets introduce notationγ01, γ011, and γ022 denote difference between corresponding component angles of rotation φ1 and φ2 of the rigid body component rotations and corresponding absolute angles of pure kinematics vector rotators about axes oriented by unit vectors n⃗1 and n⃗2. These angles are determined by the following relations:(4.3)γ01=γ011=arctanφ̇12φ̈1,γ02=arctanφ̇22φ̈2.Angular velocity of relative kinematics vectors rotatorsℜ⃗01,ℜ⃗011, and  ℜ⃗022 which rotate about corresponding  axes in relation to the component angular velocities of the rigid body component rotations are(4.4)γ̇01=γ̇011=φ̇1(2φ̈1-φ̇1φ⃛1)φ̈12+φ̇14,γ̇02=φ̇2(2φ̈2-φ̇2φ⃛2)φ̈22+φ̇24.In Figure1.  Vector rotators  ℜ⃗01,ℜ⃗011, and  ℜ⃗022 are presented.Fourth vector rotatorℜ⃗012 is in the following vector form and with intensity ℜ012:(4.5)R⃗012=2ω1ω2⌊n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)⌋|[n⃗1,S⃗n⃗2(O2)]|=2ω1ω2[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|,|R⃗012|=R012=2ω1ω2.This vector rotatorℜ⃗012 depends on both components of coupled rotations.We can see that in previous vector expression (3.6) or (3.7) for derivative of angular momentum are introduced following two vectors rotators: ℜ⃗1=ω̇1u⃗1+ω12v⃗1 and ℜ⃗2=ω̇1u⃗2+ω12v⃗2 in the following vector form: (4.6)R⃗1=ω̇1D⃗n⃗1(O2)|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|+ω12[n⃗1,D⃗n⃗1(O2)|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|]=ω̇1u⃗1+ω12v⃗1,R⃗2=ω̇2D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|+ω22[n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|]=ω̇2u⃗2+ω22v⃗2.The firstℜ⃗1 is orthogonal to the fixed axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and second ℜ⃗2 is orthogonal to the self rotation axis oriented by unit vector  n⃗2. Intensity of first rotator ℜ⃗1 is equal to intensity of previous defined rotator  ℜ01 and intensity of second rotator  ℜ⃗2 is equal to intensity of previous defined rotator  ℜ022 defined by expressions (3.7). Their intensities are(4.7)R1=ω̇12+ω14,R2=ω̇22+ω24.In Figure2  vector rotators ℜ⃗1  (in Figure 2(a)) and ℜ⃗2 (in Figure 2(b)) in  relations to corresponding mass moment vectors 𝔍⃗n⃗1(O2)and 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2),  and their corresponding deviational components 𝔇⃗n⃗1(O2) and  𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) as well as to corresponding deviational planes are presented.Vector rotatorsℜ⃗1   and ℜ⃗2 are pure kinematical vectors first presented in [20, 21] as a function on angular velocity and angular acceleration in a form ℜ⃗=φ̈u⃗+φ̇2w⃗=ℜℜ⃗0. Also from Section 3.3 expressions (3.5) and (3.6) or (3.7)  for derivatives for linear and angular momentum contain members with in tree types of   different pure kinematical vectors rotators which rotate around first and second axis in corresponding directions of coupled rotation components, but with pole in O1 or in O2.  These vector rotators are possible to separate by following criteria: (1) intensity of vector rotator is expressed by angular velocity ω1 and angular acceleration ω̇1 in the form  ℜ1=ω̇12+ω14  or angular velocity ω2 and angular acceleration ω̇2 in the form and ℜ2=ω̇22+ω24;  (2)  intensity of the vector rotators  is expressed by both angular velocity components ω1 and ω2, and no contain angular accelerations ω̇1 and  ω̇2; (3) vector rotators are coupled by pole in O1 or in O2; (4) type of angular velocities components of vector rotators.Rotators from first set are rotated around through poleO2 axis in direction of first component rotation angular velocity and depend of angular velocity ω1 and angular acceleration ω̇1. There are two vectors of such type and all trees have equal intensity. Rotators from second set are rotated around axis in direction of second component rotation and depend of angular velocity ω2 and angular acceleration ω̇2. There are two vectors of such type and they have equal intensity.Let us introduce notation,γ1 and γ2 denote difference between corresponding component angles of rotation φ1 and φ2   of the rigid body component rotations and corresponding absolute angles of pure kinematics vector rotators about axes oriented by unit vectors n⃗1 and n⃗2 through pole O2. These angles are determined by following relations:(4.8)γ1=arctanφ̇12φ̈1,γ2=arctanφ̇22φ̈2.Angular velocity of relative kinematics vectors rotatorsℜ⃗1 and ℜ⃗2 which rotate about axes in corresponding  directions in relation to the component angular velocities of the rigid body component rotations through pole O2 are(4.9)γ̇1=φ̇1(2φ̈12-φ̇1φ⃛1)φ̈12+φ̇14,γ̇2=φ̇2(2φ̈22-φ̇2φ⃛2)φ̈22+φ̇24.Also, it is possible to separate a few numbers of rotators and between the following:(4.10)R⃗12=2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|=2ω1ω2u⃗12,
where u⃗12=[n⃗1,𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2)]/|[n⃗1,𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2)]| unit vector orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector  n⃗1 and mass moment vector 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2) for the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 through pole O2, and intensity equal ℜ12=2ω1ω2 twice multiplication of product of intensities of component angular velocities ω1 and ω2 of rigid body coupled rotations around exes without intersection.


## 5. Vector Rotators of Rigid Body-Disk Dynamics with Coupled Rotations around Two Orthogonal Axes without Intersection

Let us consider vector rotators for the special case when rigid body-disk rotate around two orthogonal axes without intersection.Vector of relative mass center positionρ⃗C in relation to the pole  O2 and self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2, we can express in the movable coordinate systems with axes oriented by basic unit vectors: n⃗2,u⃗02 and v⇀02 which rotate around self rotation axis with angular velocity ω2 in the form  ρ⃗C=ρC(cosβn⃗2+sinβu⃗02), as well as by basic unit vectors u⃗01,v⃗01 and  n⃗1 which rotate around fixed axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 with angular velocity ω1 in the following form:  ρ⃗C=ρC〈cosβu⃗01-sinβcosφ2v⃗01+sinβsinφ2n⃗1〉.  β is angle between mass center vector position  ρ⃗C and self rotation axis oriented by unit vector  n⃗2. Vector of the orthogonal distance between orthogonal axes without intersection is r⃗0=-r0v⃗01.For this case unit vectorsn⃗1 and n⃗2 are orthogonal, and after taking into account  this orthogonality and corresponding formulas (4.1), (4.5), (4.6), and (4.10) for vector rotators we obtain the following vector expressions:(5.1)R⃗011=〈v⃗01(ω̇1cos⁡β-ω12sinβsinφ2)-u⃗01(ω̇1sinβsinφ2+ω12cos⁡β)〉cos⁡2β+sin2βsin2φ2,|R⃗011|=ω̇12+ω14R⃗022=ω̇2v⃗02-ω12u⃗02,|R⃗022|=ω̇22+ω24R⃗012=-2ω1ω2u⃗01,|R⃗012|=R012=2ω1ω2R⃗1=-u⃗01〈ω̇1cos⁡β+ω12sinβcos⁡φ2〉+v⃗01〈-ω̇1sinβcos⁡φ2+ω12cos⁡β〉cos⁡2β+sin2βcos⁡2φ2,|R⃗1|=ω̇12+ω14R⃗2=ω̇2v⃗02-ω12u⃗02,|R⃗2|=ω̇22+ω24R⃗12=2ω1ω2[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|=2ω1ω2u⃗12,|R⃗12|=R12=2ω1ω2.Previous expressions for vectors rotators are derived with supposition that rigid body is disk and that unit vectors in different deviation planes are:(5.2)D⃗n⃗1(O2)|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|=-〈cos⁡βu⃗01-sinβcos⁡φ2v⃗011〉cos⁡2β+sin2βcos⁡2φ2,[n⃗1,D⃗n⃗1(O2)|D⃗n⃗1(O2)|]=-cos⁡βv⃗01+sinβcos⁡φ2u⃗01cos⁡2β+sin2βcos⁡2φ2v⃗02=u⃗2=D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|,u⃗02=v⃗2=[n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|].In Figure3. four schematic presentations of deviational planes  and component directions of the vector rotators of rigid body-disk  dynamics with coupled rotation around two orthogonal axes without intersection are presented. In Figure 3(a) deviation plane containing body mass center C, vector of relative mass center position ρ⃗C in relation to the pole  O2 and self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 is visible. In Figure 3(b) deviation plane containing self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and body mass inertia moment vector  𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment  𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) for self rotation axis and pole  O2 is visible. In Figure 3(c) two deviational planes through pole O2: deviation plane containing self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and body mass inertia moment vector 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment  𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) for self rotation axis and pole O2 and deviation plane containing axis parallel to fixed axis oriented by unit vector  n⃗1 and body mass inertia moment vector   𝔍⃗n⃗1(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment  𝔇⃗n⃗1(O2) for axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and through pole O2 are visible. In Figure 3(d) schematic presentation of the rigid body-disk skew and eccentrically positioned on the self rotation axis with corresponding mass moment vectors and deviation plane  as a detail of the rigid body-disk coupled rotation around two orthogonal axes without intersection is visible. In all form of the parts in Figure 3. the component directions of the vector rotators components are visible.Schematic presentation of deviational planes  and component directions of the vector rotators of rigid body-disk  dynamics with coupled rotation around two orthogonal axes without intersection. (a) Deviation plane containing body mass centerC, vector of relative mass center position ρ⃗C in relation to the pole  O2, and self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2. (b) Deviation plane containing self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and body mass inertia moment vector  𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment 𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) for self rotation axis and pole O2. (c) Two deviational planes through pole O2: deviation plane containing self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and body mass inertia moment vector 𝔍⃗n⃗2(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment 𝔇⃗n⃗2(O2) for self rotation axis and pole O2 and deviation plane containing axis parallel to fixed axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and body mass inertia moment vector  𝔍⃗n⃗1(O2) and its deviational component vector of mass deviational moment 𝔇⃗n⃗1(O2) for axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and through pole O2. (d) Schematic presentation of the rigid body-disk skew and eccentrically positioned on the self rotation axis with corresponding mass moment vectors and deviation plane  as a detail of the rigid body-disk coupled rotation around two orthogonal axes without intersection.
(a)(b)(c)(d)By use derived vector expressions of the vector rotators we can obtain some angles between corresponding vector rotator and basic vectors of corresponding movable coordinate systems coupled with corresponding compounding axis of component coupled rotations in the following form:(5.3)tgγ1=ω̇1ω12,tgγ011=ω̇1ω12=tgγ1tgγ̃1=1-(ω̇1/ω12)tgβcos⁡φ2(ω̇1/ω12)+tgβcos⁡φ2orintheformtgγ̃1=1-tgγ1tgβcos⁡φ2tgγ1+tgβcos⁡φ2tgγ̃011=(ω̇1/ω12)-tgβsinφ21+(ω̇1/ω12)tgβsinφ2orintheformtgγ̃011=tgγ011-tgβsinφ21+tgγ011tgβsinφ2.For the case thatω̇1=0, ω1=constant(5.4)tgγ̃011=(ω̇1/ω12)-tgβsinφ21+(ω̇1/ω12)tgβsinφ2=tgβsinφ2,tgγ̃1=1tgβcos⁡φ2=ctgβ1osφ2,
where  γ1 is relative angle of rotation in comparison with angle of rotation φ1, when γ̃1 is absolute angle of rotor rotation about axis oriented by unit vector  n⃗1, taking into account its rotation about axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2.


## 6. Dynamic of Rigid Body Coupled Rotation around Two Orthogonal Axes without Intersection and with One Degree of Freedom

### 6.1. Model Description of a Gyrorotor Coupled Rotations around Two Orthogonal Axes without Intersection and with One Degree of Freedom

We are going to take into consideration special case of the considered heavy rigid body with coupled rotations about two axes without intersection with one degree of freedom, and in the gravitation field. For this case generalized coordinateφ2 is independent, and coordinate φ1 is programmed. In that case, we say that coordinate φ1 is rheonomic coordinate and system is with kinematical excitation, programmed by forced support rotation by constant angular velocity. When the angular velocity of shaft support axis is constant,  φ̇1=ω1=constant, we have that rheonomic coordinate is linear function of  time, φ1=ω1t+φ10, and  angular acceleration around fixed axis is equal to zero ω̇1=0.Special case is when the support shaft axis is vertical and the gyrorotor shaft axis is horizontal, and all time in horizontal plane, and when axes are without intersection at normal distancea. So we are going to consider that example presented in Figure 5. The normal distance between axes is a. The angle of self rotation around moveable self rotation axis oriented by the unit vector n⃗2 is φ2 and the angular velocity is ω2=φ̇2. The angle of rotation around the shaft support axis oriented by the unit vector n⃗1 is  φ1 and the angular velocity is ω1=constant. The angular velocity of rotor is  ω⃗=ω1n⃗1+ω2n⃗2=φ̇1n⃗1+φ̇2n⃗2. The angle φ2 is generalized coordinates in case when we investigate system with one degree of freedom, but system has two degrees of mobility. Also, without loss of generality we take that rigid body is a disk, eccentrically positioned on the self rotation shaft axis with eccentricity e, and that angle of skew inclined position between one of main axes of disk and self rotation axis is β, as it is visible in Figure 4.Figure 4
Model of heavy gyrorotor with two component coupled rotations around orthogonal axes without intersections.Intensity of vector rotatorsℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2,  for different  disk eccentricity (a) and for different initial conditions  (b).
(a)(b)For that example, differential equation of the heavy gyrorotor-disk self rotation of reviewed model in Figure4, for the case coupled rotations about two orthogonal axes, we can obtain in the following form:(6.1)φ̈2+Ω2(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+Ω2ψcos⁡φ2=0,
where(6.2)Ω2=ω12Ju⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C)Jn⃗2(C),λ=mgesinβω12(Ju⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C)),ψ=2measinβJu⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C),ε=1+4(er)2.Here it is considered an eccentric disc (eccentricity ise), with mass m and radius r, which is inclined to the axis of its own self rotation by the angle β (see Figure 5.), so that previous constants (6.11) in differential equation (6.10) become the following forms:(6.3)Ω2=ω12(εsin2β-1)(εsin2β+1),ε=1+4(er)2,λ=g(ε-1)sinβeω12(εsin2β-1),ψ=2easinβer(εsin2β-1).


### 6.2. Phase Portrait of the Heavy Gyrorotor Disk Coupled Rotations About Two Axes without Intersection and Their Three Parameter Transformations

Relative nonlinear dynamics of the heavy gyrorotor-disk around self rotation shaft axis is possible to present by means of phase portrait method. Forms of phase trajectories and their transformations by changes of initial conditions, and for different cases of disk eccentricity and angle of its skew, as well as for different values of orthogonal distance between axes of component rotations may present character of nonlinear oscillations.For that reason it is necessary to find first integral of the differential (6.10).  After integration of the differential (6.3), the nonlinear equation of the phase trajectories of the heavy gyrorotor disk dynamics with the initial conditions t0=0,φ1(t0)=φ10,φ̇1(t0)=φ̇10,  we obtain in the following for(6.4)φ̇22=φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02).
As the analyzed system is conservative it is the energy integral.


### 6.3. Kinematical Vector Rotators of the Heavy Gyrorotor Disk Coupled Rotations about Two Axes without Intersection and Their Three Parameter Transformations

In the considered case for the heavy gyrorotor-disk nonlinear dynamics in the gravitational field with one degree of freedom and with constant angular velocity about fixed axis, we have three sets of vector rotators.Three of these vector rotatorsℜ⃗01,  ℜ⃗011, and ℜ⃗1, from first set, are with same constant intensity |ℜ⃗01|=|ℜ⃗011|=|ℜ⃗1|=ω12=constant and rotate with constant angular velocity ω1 and equal to the angular velocity of rigid body precession rotation about fixed axis, but two of these  three vector rotators,  ℜ⃗011 and ℜ⃗1 are connected to the pole O2 on the self rotation axis, and are orthogonal  to the axis parallel direction as direction of the fixed axis. All these three vector rotators ℜ⃗01,ℜ⃗011, and ℜ⃗1 are in different directions (see Figures 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 4).  Two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and  ℜ⃗2, from second set,   are with same intensity equal to  ℜ022=ω̇22+ω24,  and connecter to the pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and rotate about this axis with relative angular velocity γ̇2 defined by second expression (4.9),  γ̇2=(φ̇2(2φ̈22-φ̇2φ⃛2))/(φ̈22+φ̇24), in respect to the self rotation angular velocity ω2.  These two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 are oriented in the following directions:(6.5)R⃗022=ω̇2[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|+ω22[n⃗2,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|,R⃗2=ω̇2D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|+ω22[n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|].By use expressions (5.1) we can list following series of vector rotators of the gyrorotor-disk with coupled rotation around orthogonal axes without intersection and with ω1=constant: (6.6)R⃗01=ω12v⃗01,|R⃗01|=ω12,R⃗011=-ω12〈sinβsinφ2v⃗01+cos⁡βu⃗01〉cos⁡2β+sin2βsin2φ2,|R⃗011|=ω12,R⃗022=ω̇2v⃗02-ω12u⃗02,|R⃗022|=ω̇22+ω24,R⃗012=-2ω1ω2u⃗01,|R⃗012|=R012=2ω1ω2,R⃗1=-ω12u⃗01〈sinβcos⁡φ2〉+v⃗01〈cos⁡β〉cos⁡2β+sin2βcos⁡2φ2,|R⃗1|=ω12,R⃗2=ω̇2v⃗02-ω22u⃗02,|R⃗2|=ω̇22+ω24,R⃗12=2ω1ω2⌊n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)⌋|[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|=2ω1ω2u⃗12,|R⃗12|=R12=2ω1ω2.One of the vectors rotators from the third set isℜ⃗012 with intensity  |ℜ⃗012|=2ω1ω2 and direction: ℜ⃗012=2ω1ω2[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]/|[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|=-2ω1ω2u⃗01. This vector rotator is connecter to the pole O2 and orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and relative rotate about this axis. Intensity of this vector rotator expressed by generalized coordinate φ2, angle of self rotation of heavy disk, taking into account first integral (6.4) of the differential equation (6.1)  obtain the following form:(6.7)|R⃗012|=2ω1φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-U,
where  𝔘 denotes 2Ω2(λcosφ02-1/2cos2φ02+ψsinφ02).Intensityℜ022=ω̇22+ω24 of two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, from second set, depends on angular velocity ω2 and  angular acceleration  ω̇2. For the considered system of the heavy gyrorotor-disk dynamics, for obtaining expression of intensity of vector rotators, ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, from second set, in the function of the generalized coordinate φ2, angle of self rotation of heavy disk self rotation, we take into account a first integral (6.4) of nonlinear differential equation (6.1),  and by using these result and previous expressions (6.6) of vector rotator we can write the following.(i) Intensity of the vectors rotators,ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, in the following form:
(6.8)|R⃗022|=|R⃗022(φ2)|=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2]2+[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-U]2.(ii) Vector rotators orthogonal to the self rotation axes are in the following vector forms:(6.9)R⃗022(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2][n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|+Ω2[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)][n⃗2,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|,(6.10)R⃗2(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2]D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|+Ω2[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)][n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|].Parametric equations of the trajectory of the vector rotatorsℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 are in the following same forms:(6.11)uR(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2],vR(φ2)=Ω2[(λcos⁡φ02-12co⁡s2φ02+ψsinφ02)φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)],
but it is necessary to take into consideration that is not in same directions, but is in the same plane orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and through pole O2.Relative angular velocityγ̇2 of both vector rotators ℜ⃗022 and  ℜ⃗2 in plane orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and through pole O2. in relation on angular velocity of self rotation, ω2=φ̇2 is possible to express by using  second expression (4.9), γ̇2=(φ̇2(2φ̈22-φ̇2φ⃛2))/(φ̈22+φ̇24), and we can write the following:(6.12)γ̇2=±h+Ω2(2λcos⁡φ2-cos⁡2φ2)(2Ω4(λ-cos⁡φ2)2sin2φ2-φ⃛2)(-Ω2(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2)2+(h+Ω2(2λcos⁡φ2-cos⁡2φ2))2.By using previous derived expression (6.8) for intensity of the vectors rotators, ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 in the orthogonal plane through pole O2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor structure, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential equation (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 5.By using parametric equations, in the form (6.11), of the trajectory of the vector rotators ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 in the orthogonal plane through pole O2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor-disk, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential equation (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 6.Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter ψ.
(a)(b)In Figure6. transformation of the trajectory (hodograph) of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter ψ  is presented.In Figure9.  transformation of the trajectory (hodograph) of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter λ  is presented.In Figure7. transformation of the trajectory (hodograph)  of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a, orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations is presented.Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a, orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations.
(a)(b)By using expression, in the form (6.12), of relative angular velocity γ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) rotation in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor structure, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 8.Relative angular velocityγ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a,  orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations.
(a)(b)Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and  ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter λ.
(a)(b)In Figure8. relative angular velocity γ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a,  orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations is presented.


## 6.1. Model Description of a Gyrorotor Coupled Rotations around Two Orthogonal Axes without Intersection and with One Degree of Freedom

We are going to take into consideration special case of the considered heavy rigid body with coupled rotations about two axes without intersection with one degree of freedom, and in the gravitation field. For this case generalized coordinateφ2 is independent, and coordinate φ1 is programmed. In that case, we say that coordinate φ1 is rheonomic coordinate and system is with kinematical excitation, programmed by forced support rotation by constant angular velocity. When the angular velocity of shaft support axis is constant,  φ̇1=ω1=constant, we have that rheonomic coordinate is linear function of  time, φ1=ω1t+φ10, and  angular acceleration around fixed axis is equal to zero ω̇1=0.Special case is when the support shaft axis is vertical and the gyrorotor shaft axis is horizontal, and all time in horizontal plane, and when axes are without intersection at normal distancea. So we are going to consider that example presented in Figure 5. The normal distance between axes is a. The angle of self rotation around moveable self rotation axis oriented by the unit vector n⃗2 is φ2 and the angular velocity is ω2=φ̇2. The angle of rotation around the shaft support axis oriented by the unit vector n⃗1 is  φ1 and the angular velocity is ω1=constant. The angular velocity of rotor is  ω⃗=ω1n⃗1+ω2n⃗2=φ̇1n⃗1+φ̇2n⃗2. The angle φ2 is generalized coordinates in case when we investigate system with one degree of freedom, but system has two degrees of mobility. Also, without loss of generality we take that rigid body is a disk, eccentrically positioned on the self rotation shaft axis with eccentricity e, and that angle of skew inclined position between one of main axes of disk and self rotation axis is β, as it is visible in Figure 4.Figure 4
Model of heavy gyrorotor with two component coupled rotations around orthogonal axes without intersections.Intensity of vector rotatorsℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2,  for different  disk eccentricity (a) and for different initial conditions  (b).
(a)(b)For that example, differential equation of the heavy gyrorotor-disk self rotation of reviewed model in Figure4, for the case coupled rotations about two orthogonal axes, we can obtain in the following form:(6.1)φ̈2+Ω2(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+Ω2ψcos⁡φ2=0,
where(6.2)Ω2=ω12Ju⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C)Jn⃗2(C),λ=mgesinβω12(Ju⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C)),ψ=2measinβJu⃗2(C)-Jv⃗2(C),ε=1+4(er)2.Here it is considered an eccentric disc (eccentricity ise), with mass m and radius r, which is inclined to the axis of its own self rotation by the angle β (see Figure 5.), so that previous constants (6.11) in differential equation (6.10) become the following forms:(6.3)Ω2=ω12(εsin2β-1)(εsin2β+1),ε=1+4(er)2,λ=g(ε-1)sinβeω12(εsin2β-1),ψ=2easinβer(εsin2β-1).


## 6.2. Phase Portrait of the Heavy Gyrorotor Disk Coupled Rotations About Two Axes without Intersection and Their Three Parameter Transformations

Relative nonlinear dynamics of the heavy gyrorotor-disk around self rotation shaft axis is possible to present by means of phase portrait method. Forms of phase trajectories and their transformations by changes of initial conditions, and for different cases of disk eccentricity and angle of its skew, as well as for different values of orthogonal distance between axes of component rotations may present character of nonlinear oscillations.For that reason it is necessary to find first integral of the differential (6.10).  After integration of the differential (6.3), the nonlinear equation of the phase trajectories of the heavy gyrorotor disk dynamics with the initial conditions t0=0,φ1(t0)=φ10,φ̇1(t0)=φ̇10,  we obtain in the following for(6.4)φ̇22=φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02).
As the analyzed system is conservative it is the energy integral.


## 6.3. Kinematical Vector Rotators of the Heavy Gyrorotor Disk Coupled Rotations about Two Axes without Intersection and Their Three Parameter Transformations

In the considered case for the heavy gyrorotor-disk nonlinear dynamics in the gravitational field with one degree of freedom and with constant angular velocity about fixed axis, we have three sets of vector rotators.Three of these vector rotatorsℜ⃗01,  ℜ⃗011, and ℜ⃗1, from first set, are with same constant intensity |ℜ⃗01|=|ℜ⃗011|=|ℜ⃗1|=ω12=constant and rotate with constant angular velocity ω1 and equal to the angular velocity of rigid body precession rotation about fixed axis, but two of these  three vector rotators,  ℜ⃗011 and ℜ⃗1 are connected to the pole O2 on the self rotation axis, and are orthogonal  to the axis parallel direction as direction of the fixed axis. All these three vector rotators ℜ⃗01,ℜ⃗011, and ℜ⃗1 are in different directions (see Figures 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 4).  Two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and  ℜ⃗2, from second set,   are with same intensity equal to  ℜ022=ω̇22+ω24,  and connecter to the pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and rotate about this axis with relative angular velocity γ̇2 defined by second expression (4.9),  γ̇2=(φ̇2(2φ̈22-φ̇2φ⃛2))/(φ̈22+φ̇24), in respect to the self rotation angular velocity ω2.  These two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 are oriented in the following directions:(6.5)R⃗022=ω̇2[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|+ω22[n⃗2,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|,R⃗2=ω̇2D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|+ω22[n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|].By use expressions (5.1) we can list following series of vector rotators of the gyrorotor-disk with coupled rotation around orthogonal axes without intersection and with ω1=constant: (6.6)R⃗01=ω12v⃗01,|R⃗01|=ω12,R⃗011=-ω12〈sinβsinφ2v⃗01+cos⁡βu⃗01〉cos⁡2β+sin2βsin2φ2,|R⃗011|=ω12,R⃗022=ω̇2v⃗02-ω12u⃗02,|R⃗022|=ω̇22+ω24,R⃗012=-2ω1ω2u⃗01,|R⃗012|=R012=2ω1ω2,R⃗1=-ω12u⃗01〈sinβcos⁡φ2〉+v⃗01〈cos⁡β〉cos⁡2β+sin2βcos⁡2φ2,|R⃗1|=ω12,R⃗2=ω̇2v⃗02-ω22u⃗02,|R⃗2|=ω̇22+ω24,R⃗12=2ω1ω2⌊n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)⌋|[n⃗1,J⃗n⃗2(O2)]|=2ω1ω2u⃗12,|R⃗12|=R12=2ω1ω2.One of the vectors rotators from the third set isℜ⃗012 with intensity  |ℜ⃗012|=2ω1ω2 and direction: ℜ⃗012=2ω1ω2[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]/|[n⃗1,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|=-2ω1ω2u⃗01. This vector rotator is connecter to the pole O2 and orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗1 and relative rotate about this axis. Intensity of this vector rotator expressed by generalized coordinate φ2, angle of self rotation of heavy disk, taking into account first integral (6.4) of the differential equation (6.1)  obtain the following form:(6.7)|R⃗012|=2ω1φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-U,
where  𝔘 denotes 2Ω2(λcosφ02-1/2cos2φ02+ψsinφ02).Intensityℜ022=ω̇22+ω24 of two of these vector rotators,  ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, from second set, depends on angular velocity ω2 and  angular acceleration  ω̇2. For the considered system of the heavy gyrorotor-disk dynamics, for obtaining expression of intensity of vector rotators, ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, from second set, in the function of the generalized coordinate φ2, angle of self rotation of heavy disk self rotation, we take into account a first integral (6.4) of nonlinear differential equation (6.1),  and by using these result and previous expressions (6.6) of vector rotator we can write the following.(i) Intensity of the vectors rotators,ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, in the following form:
(6.8)|R⃗022|=|R⃗022(φ2)|=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2]2+[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-U]2.(ii) Vector rotators orthogonal to the self rotation axes are in the following vector forms:(6.9)R⃗022(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2][n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|+Ω2[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)][n⃗2,[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]]|[n⃗2,ρ⃗C]|,(6.10)R⃗2(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2]D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|+Ω2[φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)][n⃗2,D⃗n⃗2(O2)|D⃗n⃗2(O2)|].Parametric equations of the trajectory of the vector rotatorsℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 are in the following same forms:(6.11)uR(φ2)=Ω2[-(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2+ψcos⁡φ2],vR(φ2)=Ω2[(λcos⁡φ02-12co⁡s2φ02+ψsinφ02)φ̇022+2Ω2(λcos⁡φ2-12cos⁡2φ2+ψsinφ2)-2Ω2(λcos⁡φ02-12cos⁡2φ02+ψsinφ02)],
but it is necessary to take into consideration that is not in same directions, but is in the same plane orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and through pole O2.Relative angular velocityγ̇2 of both vector rotators ℜ⃗022 and  ℜ⃗2 in plane orthogonal to the axis oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and through pole O2. in relation on angular velocity of self rotation, ω2=φ̇2 is possible to express by using  second expression (4.9), γ̇2=(φ̇2(2φ̈22-φ̇2φ⃛2))/(φ̈22+φ̇24), and we can write the following:(6.12)γ̇2=±h+Ω2(2λcos⁡φ2-cos⁡2φ2)(2Ω4(λ-cos⁡φ2)2sin2φ2-φ⃛2)(-Ω2(λ-cos⁡φ2)sinφ2)2+(h+Ω2(2λcos⁡φ2-cos⁡2φ2))2.By using previous derived expression (6.8) for intensity of the vectors rotators, ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2, connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 in the orthogonal plane through pole O2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor structure, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential equation (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 5.By using parametric equations, in the form (6.11), of the trajectory of the vector rotators ℜ⃗022 and ℜ⃗2 connected for the pole O2 and rotate around self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 in the orthogonal plane through pole O2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor-disk, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential equation (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 6.Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter ψ.
(a)(b)In Figure6. transformation of the trajectory (hodograph) of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter ψ  is presented.In Figure9.  transformation of the trajectory (hodograph) of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter λ  is presented.In Figure7. transformation of the trajectory (hodograph)  of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a, orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations is presented.Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a, orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations.
(a)(b)By using expression, in the form (6.12), of relative angular velocity γ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) rotation in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis, oriented by unit vector n⃗2 and by changing some parameters of heavy gyrorotor structure, as it is eccentricity e, angle of disk inclination β, orthogonal distance between axes a, as well as parameter ψ contained in the coefficients of the nonlinear differential (6.1)  and presented by expressions (6.5), we obtain series of the graphical presentation, and some of these are presented in Figure 8.Relative angular velocityγ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a,  orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations.
(a)(b)Transformation of the trajectory of the vector rotatorℜ⃗022 (and  ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis for different values of parameter λ.
(a)(b)In Figure8. relative angular velocity γ̇2 of the vector rotator ℜ⃗022 (and ℜ⃗2) in the plane through pole O2 and orthogonal to the self rotation axis,  for different values of parameter a,  orthogonal distance between axes of gyrorotor-disk coupled component rotations is presented.


## 7. Concluding Remarks

First main result presented is successful application the vector method by use mass moment vectors for investigation of the rigid body coupled rotation around two axes without cross-sections and vector decomposition of the dynamic structure into series of the vector parameters  useful for analysis of the coupled rotation kinetic properties.By introducing mass moment vectors and vector rotators we expressed linear momentum and angular momentum, as well as their derivatives with respect to time for the case of the rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersections. By applications of the new vector approach for the investigations of the kinetic properties of the nonlinear dynamics of the rigid body coupled rotations around two axes without intersections, we show that vector method, as well as applications of the mass moment vectors and vector rotators simples way show characteristic vector structures of coupled rotation kinetic properties.Appearance, as it is visible, of the vector rotators, their intensity, and their directions as well as their relative angular velocity of rotation around component directions parallel to components of the coupled rotations, is very important for understanding mechanisms of coupled rotations as well as kinetic pressures on shaft bearings of both shafts.Special attentions are focused to the vector rotators, as well as to the absolute and relative angular velocities of their rotations. These kinematical vector rotators of the heavy gyrorotor disk coupled rotations about two axes without intersection and their three parameter transformations are done as a second main result of this pepar.A complete analysis of obtained vector expressions for derivatives of linear momentum and angular momentum give us a series of the kinematical vectors rotators around both directions determined by axes of the rigid body coupled rotations around axes without intersection. These kinematical vectors rotators are defined for a system with two degrees of freedom as well as for rheonomic system with two degrees of mobility and one degree of freedom and coupled rotations around two coupled axes without intersection as well as their angular velocities and intensity.



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