# A Prediction Model Analysis of Behavior Recognition Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network

Authors: Qifu Wang; Shuzhi Liu
Journal: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
 (2022)

---

## Abstract

With the extensive application of virtual technology and simulation algorithm, motion behavior recognition is widely used in various fields. The original neural network algorithm cannot solve the problem of data redundancy in behavior recognition, and the global search ability is weak. Based on the above reasons, this paper proposes an algorithm based on genetic algorithm and neural network to build a prediction model of behavior recognition. Firstly, genetic algorithm is used to cluster the redundant data, so that the data are in fragment order, and then it is used to reduce the data redundancy of different behaviors and weaken the influence of dimension on behavior recognition. Then, the genetic algorithm clusters the data to form subgenetic particles with different dimensions and carries out coevolution and optimal location sharing for subgenetic particles with different dimensions. Through simulation test, the algorithm constructed in this paper is better than genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm in terms of calculation accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, the prediction model is constructed by setting the initial value and threshold to predict the behavior recognition, and the results show that the accuracy of the model constructed in this paper is improved in the analysis of behavior recognition.


---

## Body

## 1. Introduction

In recent years, the state has put forward the development model of behavior intelligence, and major scientific research institutions attach great importance to behavior analysis. According to the survey data of behavior intelligence in 2020 [1], behavior recognition and behavior prediction account for 45.6% of the development of intelligent technology, resulting in the increasing demand for behavior intelligence development analysis and penetration into society. China has established research institutions of artificial intelligence, artificial voice, and artificial portrait and applied behavior recognition to video monitoring to provide data for artificial intelligence analysis [2].Some scholars believe that behavior recognition is the judgment of different behavior points. The advantage of genetic algorithm is to analyze the gradual process of behavior and judge the final result of behavior. However, genetic algorithm also has its own shortcomings, which cannot adjust the analysis depth according to the behavior results. Neural network makes up for the deficiency of genetic algorithm. Its advantage is to carry out self-learning, analyze the relationship between different behaviors, and make the theoretical behavior consistent with the actual behavior. Compared with the general algorithm, the combination of genetic algorithm and neural network increases the coupling between different behavior nodes and makes the behavior analysis more dynamic. At the same time, the increase of coupling can reduce the computational complexity and obtain the calculation results more accurately. The combination point of genetic algorithm and neural network is the judgment of behavior nodes and coupling between nodes. Genetic algorithm gives play to its advantage of progressive analysis of behavior nodes, and neural network analyzes the coupling between nodes, so as to improve the accuracy of analysis results. Behavior recognition is a dynamic process, which involves many factors. It is generally calculated by genetic algorithm. Although the node analysis of genetic algorithm can judge different behaviors, it lacks threshold adjustment and cannot realize the dynamic analysis of behaviors. The combination of genetic algorithm and neural network can not only judge the behavior points but also judge the relationship between different behaviors. Therefore, the research advantage of this paper is to realize the comprehensive judgment of behavior and improve the accuracy of behavior recognition. On the basis of previous studies, this paper establishes a behavior recognition prediction model to provide accurate information and technology for behavior recognition prediction in sports and enrich relevant theories.As can be seen from Figure1, the application of behavior recognition in the field of sports is deepening and increasing and has become the focus of the development of intelligent sports. Among them, shooting, track and field, ball games, and other fields have been improved from 2015 to 2019, but the proportion of various sports has not changed. It can be seen that the social research degree of sports behavior recognition is increasing, which indicates the importance of verification of sports behavior recognition. The influencing factors of sports behavior recognition have the characteristics of semi-structured and nonlinear relationship, and the genetic algorithm has better semi-structured data analysis ability and can analyze it well. The neural network assigns value to each influencing factor and calculates it. If the output does not meet the requirements, adjust the assignment and propose the factor with assignment <0.3. Through continuous proposal, the purpose of simplifying factors is achieved. Finally, the factor with a value > 0.6 is the key factor, and subsequent calculation is carried out. It uses the mapping characteristics between various factors to carry out repeated iteration and self-learning [3], better process behavior recognition data, and meet the requirements of nonlinear analysis. Some scholars have established a behavior recognition development prediction model combining Apriori algorithm and genetic algorithm [4] to analyze domestic behavior recognition. The results show that the joint analysis results of genetic algorithm and Apriori algorithm are better, and each index is significantly better than Apriori algorithm[5]. Genetic algorithm belongs to a comprehensive analysis method, which integrates the learning mechanism of neural network to cluster a series of problems to achieve the purpose of fuzzy analysis. Therefore, based on genetic algorithm, this paper predicts behavior recognition [6]. In previous studies, the neural network is improved mainly from the following aspects. (1) Parameter adjustment and learning strategy change: the development trend of behavior recognition is studied and three behavior recognition prediction methods are compared. The results show that selecting appropriate methods can solve the eigenvalues of single index and multi-index in a certain period of time [7]. (2) A collection of analysis methods with other behavior recognition: some scholars have proposed a hybrid adaptive neural network algorithm, which integrates K-means clustering into the neural network. The algorithm can classify the behavior recognition data [8], divide the neural network according to different clustering weights, and improve the search speed of the optimal value. However, this method is greatly affected by the Euclidean distance, which is not conducive to the calculation of the global optimal value [9]. From the perspective of communication delay, the neural network algorithm is used for large-scale scheduling calculation of distributed behavior recognition, and the dynamic and random cluster analysis [10] is used to prove that the algorithm has high accuracy. (3) Compared with classical theories, such as Bayesian theory, grey theory, chaos theory, and rough set, the improved neural network method has strong time-series sensitivity to data [11]. The above research is based on this, but neural network algorithm’s calculation accuracy, search time, and overall convergence are still not ideal. In this paper, K-means clustering is used to improve the neural network algorithm and then combined with genetic algorithm to build a behavior recognition prediction model and verify it.Figure 1
The application of behavior recognition in sports.


## 2. The Description of Behavior Recognition Algorithm Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network

### 2.1. Behavior Identification

Behavior recognition is to judge the behavior of natural organisms. Behavior recognition is divided into two parts. One part is behavior recognition, that is, the movement of limb behavior. The other part is psychological behavior, which is the psychology that dominates the behavior of natural organisms. Generally speaking, behavior recognition refers to limb behavior, that is, the behavior and movement of natural organisms. Behavior recognition is related to the surrounding environment, movement trend, and movement purpose. Behavior recognition is not only a combination of individual behaviors but also a judgment of future behaviors.


### 2.2. The Neural Network Theory

Neural network was first proposed by Box and Jenkins in 1927 [12]. It belongs to a statistical analysis method, which mainly solves the problems of behavior description, behavior analysis, and future prediction, and is widely used in various fields. The algorithm is superior in nature, which is reflected in the description of data persistence. The neural network randomly selects irregular points for cyclic analysis. Neural network algorithm principle and structure are as follows: let Git be the dataset of t time in i multi-dimensional space and x belong to Git. Hypothesis 1: Pjx=∑i,t=1nxitj·k+φk, k∈1,⋯n; if the deviation φk=Cx,ε is satisfied, then Pjx is the best genetic set where Cx,ε is the adjustment coefficient of x and ε, and ε is the “core point” on the right side of the neural network. When, xit=2sintanπt/ρ and ρ is the minimum prime set 2sintanπt/ρj·k<∑i,j,t=1nxitj·k, the data link of the neural network list is shorter.The relevant theories of neural network are as follows.Theorem 1.
If the local deviation ofPnx is φx⋅k and f⋅∈Bt (Bt is the redundancy function class of t time), the calculation formula of the redundancy function is(1)∫x∈Gijfxdx−∑j=1nfPjx¯<Qfx⋅φk^,where Qfx is the global redundancy of f⋅.Theorem 2.
If the following conditions are satisfiedfx, then any function value of fx<ε,fx′<ε,…,fxj<ε, on the right side of the neural network is within the integral of fx, and the error of the redundant data on the right side is less than lin1/x.Theorem 3.
If any data pointxit is normally distributed on the behavior recognition axis, the calculation formula of uniform deviation of Dx any point is as follows.(2)Dx,fx=lin1x·logPjxt,where Dx,fx is between sets [0, 1].It can be seen from Theorems1 and 2 that the relationship between the right redundancy amplitude and the amount of data x can be obtained by using the approximate integration of neural network, which is independent of spatial dimension i and time t. Therefore, neural network function provides a good theoretical basis for multi-dimensional number calculation and time-dependent calculation and reduces the impact of unstructured data form on the calculation results. According to Theorem 3, the local deviation of the data in the neural network is lin1/x and the uniform deviation is lin1/x·logPjxt, indicating that the local deviation can control the redundancy amplitude on the right side due to the uniformly distributed deviation. Combining neural network with rough set algorithm, an improved algorithm of right redundant amplitude control is proposed, which proves the ability of neural network to control redundant data and verifies the superiority of this method. This paper uses this method for reference to transform the composition of behavior recognition data and takes it as the initial data group for continuous analysis.


### 2.3. Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, genetic algorithm is selected for model optimization. This method belongs to a clustering method with fuzziness and adaptability. It can realize self-learning [13] and constantly revise the membership function of cluster set and complete set. Genetic algorithm can be defined by “IF” judgment mode. Under constraint rule Z, neural network algorithm clustering process is as follows:(3)IF:xi∈gijandZx=Cxi,xi−1,theny=∑i=1nyi=∑i=1nZxi⋅λxi¯,where λxi is the clustering function, gij is the clustering set, Mx is the constraint function, Cxi,xi−1 is the relationship between any adjacent data x, and y is the clustering result. The input part of genetic algorithm is clear, the processing part is fuzzy, and the output part is clear, so the output result can be inferred by fuzzy method to obtain the output combination.Assuming that any input variable isxi, the membership relationship between each input variable xi and output variable yi can be obtained by constraint rule Z, as shown in the following formula:(4)C⋅gij=∑i,j=1nexpxi−cijbij.where cij and bij are, respectively, the center and degree of membership of the membership function; C is a relational function; and gij is a fuzzy set.By clustering the above membership relations, the continuous operator of clustering can be obtained, as shown in the following formula:(5)C⋅gij=δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkx,where δ is the cluster adjustment coefficient and k is the derivation coefficient. According to the cluster calculation, the output value of the cluster can be obtained, as shown in the following formula:(6)y=δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkx⋅fPjxmax∑i,j=1ngijkx.Genetic algorithm not only shortens the processing time of behavior recognition data but also increases the amount of initial data processing. Genetic algorithm performs multi-dimensional clustering according to the initial data volume [14] and labels it with time to form a continuous data chain. Adjust the relationship function C and clustering coefficient of δ the data according to the output result y.


## 2.1. Behavior Identification

Behavior recognition is to judge the behavior of natural organisms. Behavior recognition is divided into two parts. One part is behavior recognition, that is, the movement of limb behavior. The other part is psychological behavior, which is the psychology that dominates the behavior of natural organisms. Generally speaking, behavior recognition refers to limb behavior, that is, the behavior and movement of natural organisms. Behavior recognition is related to the surrounding environment, movement trend, and movement purpose. Behavior recognition is not only a combination of individual behaviors but also a judgment of future behaviors.


## 2.2. The Neural Network Theory

Neural network was first proposed by Box and Jenkins in 1927 [12]. It belongs to a statistical analysis method, which mainly solves the problems of behavior description, behavior analysis, and future prediction, and is widely used in various fields. The algorithm is superior in nature, which is reflected in the description of data persistence. The neural network randomly selects irregular points for cyclic analysis. Neural network algorithm principle and structure are as follows: let Git be the dataset of t time in i multi-dimensional space and x belong to Git. Hypothesis 1: Pjx=∑i,t=1nxitj·k+φk, k∈1,⋯n; if the deviation φk=Cx,ε is satisfied, then Pjx is the best genetic set where Cx,ε is the adjustment coefficient of x and ε, and ε is the “core point” on the right side of the neural network. When, xit=2sintanπt/ρ and ρ is the minimum prime set 2sintanπt/ρj·k<∑i,j,t=1nxitj·k, the data link of the neural network list is shorter.The relevant theories of neural network are as follows.Theorem 1.
If the local deviation ofPnx is φx⋅k and f⋅∈Bt (Bt is the redundancy function class of t time), the calculation formula of the redundancy function is(1)∫x∈Gijfxdx−∑j=1nfPjx¯<Qfx⋅φk^,where Qfx is the global redundancy of f⋅.Theorem 2.
If the following conditions are satisfiedfx, then any function value of fx<ε,fx′<ε,…,fxj<ε, on the right side of the neural network is within the integral of fx, and the error of the redundant data on the right side is less than lin1/x.Theorem 3.
If any data pointxit is normally distributed on the behavior recognition axis, the calculation formula of uniform deviation of Dx any point is as follows.(2)Dx,fx=lin1x·logPjxt,where Dx,fx is between sets [0, 1].It can be seen from Theorems1 and 2 that the relationship between the right redundancy amplitude and the amount of data x can be obtained by using the approximate integration of neural network, which is independent of spatial dimension i and time t. Therefore, neural network function provides a good theoretical basis for multi-dimensional number calculation and time-dependent calculation and reduces the impact of unstructured data form on the calculation results. According to Theorem 3, the local deviation of the data in the neural network is lin1/x and the uniform deviation is lin1/x·logPjxt, indicating that the local deviation can control the redundancy amplitude on the right side due to the uniformly distributed deviation. Combining neural network with rough set algorithm, an improved algorithm of right redundant amplitude control is proposed, which proves the ability of neural network to control redundant data and verifies the superiority of this method. This paper uses this method for reference to transform the composition of behavior recognition data and takes it as the initial data group for continuous analysis.


## 2.3. Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, genetic algorithm is selected for model optimization. This method belongs to a clustering method with fuzziness and adaptability. It can realize self-learning [13] and constantly revise the membership function of cluster set and complete set. Genetic algorithm can be defined by “IF” judgment mode. Under constraint rule Z, neural network algorithm clustering process is as follows:(3)IF:xi∈gijandZx=Cxi,xi−1,theny=∑i=1nyi=∑i=1nZxi⋅λxi¯,where λxi is the clustering function, gij is the clustering set, Mx is the constraint function, Cxi,xi−1 is the relationship between any adjacent data x, and y is the clustering result. The input part of genetic algorithm is clear, the processing part is fuzzy, and the output part is clear, so the output result can be inferred by fuzzy method to obtain the output combination.Assuming that any input variable isxi, the membership relationship between each input variable xi and output variable yi can be obtained by constraint rule Z, as shown in the following formula:(4)C⋅gij=∑i,j=1nexpxi−cijbij.where cij and bij are, respectively, the center and degree of membership of the membership function; C is a relational function; and gij is a fuzzy set.By clustering the above membership relations, the continuous operator of clustering can be obtained, as shown in the following formula:(5)C⋅gij=δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkx,where δ is the cluster adjustment coefficient and k is the derivation coefficient. According to the cluster calculation, the output value of the cluster can be obtained, as shown in the following formula:(6)y=δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkx⋅fPjxmax∑i,j=1ngijkx.Genetic algorithm not only shortens the processing time of behavior recognition data but also increases the amount of initial data processing. Genetic algorithm performs multi-dimensional clustering according to the initial data volume [14] and labels it with time to form a continuous data chain. Adjust the relationship function C and clustering coefficient of δ the data according to the output result y.


## 3. The Construction of Behavior Recognition Model Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network Algorithm

### 3.1. Coevolution of Initial Behavior Identification Data

In this paper, the model takes into account the multi-dimensional and global nature of the data, reduces the local convergence, improves the search ability of the characteristic data, and shortens neural network algorithm’s own learning time. Reflected in the evolution strategy of initial sequence and multi-dimensional sequence, the convergence threshold and weighting factor are used to promote the coevolution of distributed population, and the optimal value of right redundancy amplitude is obtained.


#### 3.1.1. Initialization of Genetic Algorithm

The neural network algorithm considers that the initial sequence is in random distribution. If the sequence uncertainty is very strong, that is, nonnormal distribution, it will make the sequence calculation fall into local optimization, reduce the calculation time of global optimization solution, and increase the error rate of calculation results. In order to enhance the normality of the sequence, we should expand the scale of the sequence and increase the types of data. Based on the principle of classical neural network, this paper expands the number of sequences of initial data and improves the diversity of sequences.Figures2 and 3 show multi-dimensional initial neural networks processed by a random method and the genetic algorithm method, respectively. The number of segments of the neural network is 100. Through comparison, it is found that the initial sequence generated by random method is more chaotic and nondirectional. Through the comparison of Figures 2 and 3, it can be seen that the behavior recognition particles in random mode are more chaotic and concentrated, which increases the complexity of calculation. However, the behavior recognition particles processed by genetic algorithm are more uniform, which reduces the computational complexity and lays the foundation for later calculation. The sequences processed by genetic algorithm are more concentrated and directional. According to Theorems 1 and 2 of neural network algorithm, the dataset constructed by this algorithm is independent of spatial dimension and is suitable for multi-dimensional data processing. Moreover, each time the point is taken, the distribution effect of the initial sequence is the same, and the stability of the dataset is high. To sum up, genetic algorithm is selected to process the initial sequence.Figure 2
Initial neural network constructed by random method.Figure 3
Initial neural network constructed by genetic algorithm.


#### 3.1.2. Multi-Strategy Collaboration

Global search ability is an important measure of the algorithm. In the initial stage of calculation, the algorithm focuses on global search and then advances to local search [15]. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, this paper introduces a multi-strategy cooperation method, which allows particles to search according to different behavior sequences (saving repeated calculation time), and realizes global search and local search at the same time. At present, there are standard neural network algorithms and other improved algorithms.(1)
Classical behavior recognition model:(7)yijt+1=⤡ω¯·yijt+c1·r1·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(2)
Group behavior recognition model:(8)yijt+1=ω·yijt+c2·r2⟶δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(3)
Behavior recognition judgment model:(9)yijt+1=n·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt−δ⋅⟶∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(4)
General behavior recognition model:(10)yijt+1=ω·yijt+∑i=12ci·ri^·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtavg∑i,j=1ngijkxt,where c1 and c2 are the synergy coefficients of different strategies, r1 and r2 are the correlation coefficients of different strategies, ω is the average weight of different strategies （the values are from relevant literature at home and abroad）, and n is the number of different strategies.This paper improves the standard neural network function in two aspects. On the one hand, it expands the search range. For each iterative calculation, a neural network form will be randomly selected from the above 5 forms for genetic algorithm calculation. Genetic algorithm can avoid local optimal results and expand the search range. The random selection calculation form can maintain the population diversity and increase the possibility of obtaining the local optimal value. On the other hand, it can improve the convergence. In order to balance the ability of global search and local search of neural network,α (nonlinear adjustment coefficient) and ω (linear weight) are added to improve the calculation speed. The formula is as follows:(11)α=Linetd−1LineTD,where e is the logarithmic base, t is the time, T is the maximum time, d is the number of iterations, and D is the maximum number of iterations. In the initial stage, the attenuation degree of α is low, and the global optimal value can be calculated. In the middle and later stages of α calculation, the attenuation degree increases gradually, and the local optimal value can be calculated. The linear weight is calculated as follows:(12)w=∑d=1Dwmax˜−∑t=1TΔwi∑t=1TΔwi−wmind,where wmax and wmin are the maximum and minimum weights, respectively, and the values of d, t, D, and T are the same as above.


#### 3.1.3. The Behavior Recognition and Collaboration Strategies among Different Dimensions

The algorithm adopts differentiated operations and strategies for data of different dimensions and adjusts corresponding parameters to realize multi-dimensional distributed collaboration, so as to complete the process of collaborative evolution. In the model, the neural network data are divided into five dimensions, and each dimension represents the subspace of the solution space [16]. In each iteration, the five dimensions evolve simultaneously. After an iterative calculation, compare the fitness values of different dimensions and record the location of the global optimal value of each dimension. Then, each subdimension learns gradually to the global optimal value and obtains the optimal position of the subdimension in the most concise way, so as to improve the speed and efficiency of search and calculation.


### 3.2. The Behavior Recognition and Judgment Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network

The basic idea of genetic algorithm is multi-dimensional coevolution. The initial value and threshold of neural network (the values are from relevant literature at home and abroad) are adjusted and optimized [17] to obtain the optimal solution and reduce the redundancy rate in behavior recognition.The judgment process is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Calculation flowchart based on genetic algorithm and neural network.Step 1.
Determine the dimension and sequence structure of the neural network and determine the data structure of the neural network according to the data characteristics and problem-solving needs. The initial weight and threshold of the whole data are mapped to the neural network as a whole. The dimension of each neural network is the opportunity of weight and threshold. According to the actual application, the dimension of neural network in this paper isg = 433.Step 2.
Data initialization: the relevant parameters of the neural network are initialized randomly. Let the number of neural networks ben = 100, the maximum weight be wmax  = 0.7, the minimum weight be wmin  = 0.3, the synergy constant between different dimensions be c1, c2  = = 3.22, and the maximum number of iterations be D = 10.Step 3.
Generate the appropriate function. The genetic algorithm theory is used to generate the initial sequence of neural network, which is mapped to the neural network as the initial weight and threshold. Through the self-learning and training of formulas (1)–(8), the synergy coefficient of the neural network algorithm will continue to increase and adapt. The accuracy of each neural network is calculated, and the absolute value of the sum of squares is taken as an appropriate function.Step 4.
Globally search the optimal position of the neural network and the optimal position of each subgenetic particle. The initial neural network is randomly divided into five subsequences, the fitness ratio is obtained, and the optimal global position and the optimal position of each subsequence are recorded.Step 5.
Iteration of optimal position and speed: in the evolution of 5 seed sequences, one is randomly selected for evolution, such as formulas (8)–(11), and α is nonlinear adjustment coefficient and ω is linear weight, such as formulas (12) and (13).Step 6.
All subsequences coevolute at the same time. After one iteration, the optimal global computing location is selected and shared with other subsequences. Other subsequences gradually iterate to this position to obtain the best position result.Step 7.
Determine whether to stop the iteration. If the number of iterationsD is less than the maximum number of iterations D, repeat Steps 2–6; otherwise, stop the iteration and return the results such as threshold, weight, and optimal position.


## 3.1. Coevolution of Initial Behavior Identification Data

In this paper, the model takes into account the multi-dimensional and global nature of the data, reduces the local convergence, improves the search ability of the characteristic data, and shortens neural network algorithm’s own learning time. Reflected in the evolution strategy of initial sequence and multi-dimensional sequence, the convergence threshold and weighting factor are used to promote the coevolution of distributed population, and the optimal value of right redundancy amplitude is obtained.


### 3.1.1. Initialization of Genetic Algorithm

The neural network algorithm considers that the initial sequence is in random distribution. If the sequence uncertainty is very strong, that is, nonnormal distribution, it will make the sequence calculation fall into local optimization, reduce the calculation time of global optimization solution, and increase the error rate of calculation results. In order to enhance the normality of the sequence, we should expand the scale of the sequence and increase the types of data. Based on the principle of classical neural network, this paper expands the number of sequences of initial data and improves the diversity of sequences.Figures2 and 3 show multi-dimensional initial neural networks processed by a random method and the genetic algorithm method, respectively. The number of segments of the neural network is 100. Through comparison, it is found that the initial sequence generated by random method is more chaotic and nondirectional. Through the comparison of Figures 2 and 3, it can be seen that the behavior recognition particles in random mode are more chaotic and concentrated, which increases the complexity of calculation. However, the behavior recognition particles processed by genetic algorithm are more uniform, which reduces the computational complexity and lays the foundation for later calculation. The sequences processed by genetic algorithm are more concentrated and directional. According to Theorems 1 and 2 of neural network algorithm, the dataset constructed by this algorithm is independent of spatial dimension and is suitable for multi-dimensional data processing. Moreover, each time the point is taken, the distribution effect of the initial sequence is the same, and the stability of the dataset is high. To sum up, genetic algorithm is selected to process the initial sequence.Figure 2
Initial neural network constructed by random method.Figure 3
Initial neural network constructed by genetic algorithm.


### 3.1.2. Multi-Strategy Collaboration

Global search ability is an important measure of the algorithm. In the initial stage of calculation, the algorithm focuses on global search and then advances to local search [15]. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, this paper introduces a multi-strategy cooperation method, which allows particles to search according to different behavior sequences (saving repeated calculation time), and realizes global search and local search at the same time. At present, there are standard neural network algorithms and other improved algorithms.(1)
Classical behavior recognition model:(7)yijt+1=⤡ω¯·yijt+c1·r1·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(2)
Group behavior recognition model:(8)yijt+1=ω·yijt+c2·r2⟶δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(3)
Behavior recognition judgment model:(9)yijt+1=n·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt−δ⋅⟶∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(4)
General behavior recognition model:(10)yijt+1=ω·yijt+∑i=12ci·ri^·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtavg∑i,j=1ngijkxt,where c1 and c2 are the synergy coefficients of different strategies, r1 and r2 are the correlation coefficients of different strategies, ω is the average weight of different strategies （the values are from relevant literature at home and abroad）, and n is the number of different strategies.This paper improves the standard neural network function in two aspects. On the one hand, it expands the search range. For each iterative calculation, a neural network form will be randomly selected from the above 5 forms for genetic algorithm calculation. Genetic algorithm can avoid local optimal results and expand the search range. The random selection calculation form can maintain the population diversity and increase the possibility of obtaining the local optimal value. On the other hand, it can improve the convergence. In order to balance the ability of global search and local search of neural network,α (nonlinear adjustment coefficient) and ω (linear weight) are added to improve the calculation speed. The formula is as follows:(11)α=Linetd−1LineTD,where e is the logarithmic base, t is the time, T is the maximum time, d is the number of iterations, and D is the maximum number of iterations. In the initial stage, the attenuation degree of α is low, and the global optimal value can be calculated. In the middle and later stages of α calculation, the attenuation degree increases gradually, and the local optimal value can be calculated. The linear weight is calculated as follows:(12)w=∑d=1Dwmax˜−∑t=1TΔwi∑t=1TΔwi−wmind,where wmax and wmin are the maximum and minimum weights, respectively, and the values of d, t, D, and T are the same as above.


### 3.1.3. The Behavior Recognition and Collaboration Strategies among Different Dimensions

The algorithm adopts differentiated operations and strategies for data of different dimensions and adjusts corresponding parameters to realize multi-dimensional distributed collaboration, so as to complete the process of collaborative evolution. In the model, the neural network data are divided into five dimensions, and each dimension represents the subspace of the solution space [16]. In each iteration, the five dimensions evolve simultaneously. After an iterative calculation, compare the fitness values of different dimensions and record the location of the global optimal value of each dimension. Then, each subdimension learns gradually to the global optimal value and obtains the optimal position of the subdimension in the most concise way, so as to improve the speed and efficiency of search and calculation.


## 3.1.1. Initialization of Genetic Algorithm

The neural network algorithm considers that the initial sequence is in random distribution. If the sequence uncertainty is very strong, that is, nonnormal distribution, it will make the sequence calculation fall into local optimization, reduce the calculation time of global optimization solution, and increase the error rate of calculation results. In order to enhance the normality of the sequence, we should expand the scale of the sequence and increase the types of data. Based on the principle of classical neural network, this paper expands the number of sequences of initial data and improves the diversity of sequences.Figures2 and 3 show multi-dimensional initial neural networks processed by a random method and the genetic algorithm method, respectively. The number of segments of the neural network is 100. Through comparison, it is found that the initial sequence generated by random method is more chaotic and nondirectional. Through the comparison of Figures 2 and 3, it can be seen that the behavior recognition particles in random mode are more chaotic and concentrated, which increases the complexity of calculation. However, the behavior recognition particles processed by genetic algorithm are more uniform, which reduces the computational complexity and lays the foundation for later calculation. The sequences processed by genetic algorithm are more concentrated and directional. According to Theorems 1 and 2 of neural network algorithm, the dataset constructed by this algorithm is independent of spatial dimension and is suitable for multi-dimensional data processing. Moreover, each time the point is taken, the distribution effect of the initial sequence is the same, and the stability of the dataset is high. To sum up, genetic algorithm is selected to process the initial sequence.Figure 2
Initial neural network constructed by random method.Figure 3
Initial neural network constructed by genetic algorithm.


## 3.1.2. Multi-Strategy Collaboration

Global search ability is an important measure of the algorithm. In the initial stage of calculation, the algorithm focuses on global search and then advances to local search [15]. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, this paper introduces a multi-strategy cooperation method, which allows particles to search according to different behavior sequences (saving repeated calculation time), and realizes global search and local search at the same time. At present, there are standard neural network algorithms and other improved algorithms.(1)
Classical behavior recognition model:(7)yijt+1=⤡ω¯·yijt+c1·r1·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(2)
Group behavior recognition model:(8)yijt+1=ω·yijt+c2·r2⟶δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(3)
Behavior recognition judgment model:(9)yijt+1=n·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt−δ⋅⟶∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtmax∑i,j=1ngijkxt.(4)
General behavior recognition model:(10)yijt+1=ω·yijt+∑i=12ci·ri^·δ⋅∑i,j,k=1ngijkxt⋅fPjxtavg∑i,j=1ngijkxt,where c1 and c2 are the synergy coefficients of different strategies, r1 and r2 are the correlation coefficients of different strategies, ω is the average weight of different strategies （the values are from relevant literature at home and abroad）, and n is the number of different strategies.This paper improves the standard neural network function in two aspects. On the one hand, it expands the search range. For each iterative calculation, a neural network form will be randomly selected from the above 5 forms for genetic algorithm calculation. Genetic algorithm can avoid local optimal results and expand the search range. The random selection calculation form can maintain the population diversity and increase the possibility of obtaining the local optimal value. On the other hand, it can improve the convergence. In order to balance the ability of global search and local search of neural network,α (nonlinear adjustment coefficient) and ω (linear weight) are added to improve the calculation speed. The formula is as follows:(11)α=Linetd−1LineTD,where e is the logarithmic base, t is the time, T is the maximum time, d is the number of iterations, and D is the maximum number of iterations. In the initial stage, the attenuation degree of α is low, and the global optimal value can be calculated. In the middle and later stages of α calculation, the attenuation degree increases gradually, and the local optimal value can be calculated. The linear weight is calculated as follows:(12)w=∑d=1Dwmax˜−∑t=1TΔwi∑t=1TΔwi−wmind,where wmax and wmin are the maximum and minimum weights, respectively, and the values of d, t, D, and T are the same as above.


## 3.1.3. The Behavior Recognition and Collaboration Strategies among Different Dimensions

The algorithm adopts differentiated operations and strategies for data of different dimensions and adjusts corresponding parameters to realize multi-dimensional distributed collaboration, so as to complete the process of collaborative evolution. In the model, the neural network data are divided into five dimensions, and each dimension represents the subspace of the solution space [16]. In each iteration, the five dimensions evolve simultaneously. After an iterative calculation, compare the fitness values of different dimensions and record the location of the global optimal value of each dimension. Then, each subdimension learns gradually to the global optimal value and obtains the optimal position of the subdimension in the most concise way, so as to improve the speed and efficiency of search and calculation.


## 3.2. The Behavior Recognition and Judgment Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network

The basic idea of genetic algorithm is multi-dimensional coevolution. The initial value and threshold of neural network (the values are from relevant literature at home and abroad) are adjusted and optimized [17] to obtain the optimal solution and reduce the redundancy rate in behavior recognition.The judgment process is shown in Figure4.Figure 4
Calculation flowchart based on genetic algorithm and neural network.Step 1.
Determine the dimension and sequence structure of the neural network and determine the data structure of the neural network according to the data characteristics and problem-solving needs. The initial weight and threshold of the whole data are mapped to the neural network as a whole. The dimension of each neural network is the opportunity of weight and threshold. According to the actual application, the dimension of neural network in this paper isg = 433.Step 2.
Data initialization: the relevant parameters of the neural network are initialized randomly. Let the number of neural networks ben = 100, the maximum weight be wmax  = 0.7, the minimum weight be wmin  = 0.3, the synergy constant between different dimensions be c1, c2  = = 3.22, and the maximum number of iterations be D = 10.Step 3.
Generate the appropriate function. The genetic algorithm theory is used to generate the initial sequence of neural network, which is mapped to the neural network as the initial weight and threshold. Through the self-learning and training of formulas (1)–(8), the synergy coefficient of the neural network algorithm will continue to increase and adapt. The accuracy of each neural network is calculated, and the absolute value of the sum of squares is taken as an appropriate function.Step 4.
Globally search the optimal position of the neural network and the optimal position of each subgenetic particle. The initial neural network is randomly divided into five subsequences, the fitness ratio is obtained, and the optimal global position and the optimal position of each subsequence are recorded.Step 5.
Iteration of optimal position and speed: in the evolution of 5 seed sequences, one is randomly selected for evolution, such as formulas (8)–(11), and α is nonlinear adjustment coefficient and ω is linear weight, such as formulas (12) and (13).Step 6.
All subsequences coevolute at the same time. After one iteration, the optimal global computing location is selected and shared with other subsequences. Other subsequences gradually iterate to this position to obtain the best position result.Step 7.
Determine whether to stop the iteration. If the number of iterationsD is less than the maximum number of iterations D, repeat Steps 2–6; otherwise, stop the iteration and return the results such as threshold, weight, and optimal position.


## 4. Case Analysis of Sports Behavior Identification

### 4.1. Model Performance Judgment

The classical neural network algorithm, neural network algorithm, and neural network algorithm based on genetic algorithm which are tested with Filer, Rastring, Ackley, and other functions to verify the performance of the model proposed in this paper.Filer function is the globally unique minimum value function of the test model [18], and the formula is as follows:(13)F1x=∑i=1nxi2.Rastring function generates local minimum frequently through cosine modulation transfer function to verify the practicability of model solution [19]. The formula is as follows:(14)F2x=∑i=1nxi2−10cos2πxi+10.Ackley function is a gradient optimization function of multi-dimensional points to test the calculation speed of multi-dimensional data to detect the global convergence speed. The formula is as follows:(15)F3x=−20exp−0.2∑i=1n1n∑i=1nxi2−exp1n∑i=1ncos2πxi+20+e,where n is the total number of indicators for calculating data and xi is any number of indicators. The value range of xi in filer function is {- 100100}, that in rastring function is{- 5.12, 5.12}, and that in Ackley function is {- 32, 32}.In order to facilitate calculation, the number of neural networks in this paper isn = 100, the maximum number of iterations is D = 30, and the maximum time is T = 16 months. The above three functions are tested, respectively. In order to reduce the impact of randomness on the results, take the average of 7 times the results. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 1.Table 1
The test results of different functions.
Detection functionAlgorithmValue rangeAd (E)SdGlobal optimal solutionFilerGenetic algorithm1.81E-6∼0.13e-111.33–70.91 E-60Neural network algorithm1.61E-7∼0.04e-101.13–80.31 E-8Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm1.43E-9∼0.13e-110.91–90.17 E-10RastringGenetic algorithm3.33E-7∼1.13e-111.01–70.90 E-80Neural network algorithm1.63E-4∼1.43e-101.11–41.13 E-5Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm1.31E-7∼1.81e-111.14–71.37 E-8AckleyGenetic algorithm6.71E-7∼1.13e-134.11–71.11 E-80Neural network algorithm4.71E-6∼1.13e-131.13–60.77 E-7Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm4.53E-6∼1.13e-111.35–60.11 E-7The convergence diagram of each data in Table1 is shown in Figures 5–7.Figure 5
The optimization convergence result of filer function.Figure 6
The convergence results of rastring function optimization.Figure 7
The convergence results of Ackley function optimization.It can be seen from Table1 that compared with neural network and genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm proposed in this paper is closer to the global optimal value. In terms of standard deviation, average value, and value range, genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm are better than the other two algorithms. According to the curve changes in Figures 5–7, the genetic and neural network algorithms have better stability and faster convergence speed. Therefore, the convergence speed, calculation accuracy, and summation stability of genetic and neural network algorithms are better.


### 4.2. Case Data and Preprocessing

There are some missing data in the sample data in this paper, which is compensated by default value in the later stage. The prediction dataset of behavior recognition includes digital behavior, bionic behavior, natural behavior, psychological behavior, and expected behavior. After preliminary data preprocessing, 1982 lines of structured data and 38 lines of semistructured data are obtained. In order to facilitate data analysis, behavior recognition is divided into five levels: relatively intelligent, intelligent, general, not intelligent, and relatively not intelligent. The processing results of data volume are shown in Table2.Table 2
The classification and proportion of sports behavior recognition.
Identification levelData volume (PCs.)Proportion (%)Intelligent identification48323.90Accurate identification104351.61General identification33216.43Unidentification974.80Special identification663.27Note. The indicators of this paper come from domestic literature and expert questionnaire.Due to lack of some data in this paper, the data from January 1, 2019, to July 22, 2020, are taken as the training set, with a total of 1345 pieces; the data from July 22, 2020, to December 1, 2021, are taken as the test set, with a total of 676 pieces.


### 4.3. Test Results

In order to verify the genetic and neural network algorithms proposed in this paper, the results are compared with those of genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. The results are shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Test results of different algorithms.As can be seen from Figure8, in terms of calculation accuracy, The accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper is higher than the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm, respectively, after analysis the error rate is also lower than that of the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. In addition, the algorithm proposed in this paper has better computational stability, which is better than the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. The calculation results of different algorithms are shown in Table 3.Table 3
The comparison of prediction accuracy of different grades.
AlgorithmIntelligent identificationAccurate identificationGeneral identificationUnidentificationNone identificationGenetic algorithm47.2359.2237.2838.3435.94Neural network algorithm82.3280.1381.3382.4781.91Genetic algorithm and neural network86.4186.2787.1785.4987.70It can be seen from Table3 that the single neural network algorithm and genetic algorithm have the problems of insufficient accuracy and large variation of calculation results in different levels of behavior recognition and prediction. Compared with the neural network algorithm, the accuracy of the algorithm constructed in this paper is significantly improved. At the same time, the accuracy is close to that of neural network algorithm, which is more than 80%, which is better than genetic algorithm. In order to further verify the advantages of genetic and neural network algorithms, the optimal fitness values of different algorithms are compared, and the results are shown in Figure 9.Figure 9
Fitness optimization results of genetic algorithm and combined genetic and neural network algorithms.It can be seen from Figure9 that the optimization of fitness function results of genetic and neural network algorithms is more significant. The reason is that genetic algorithm and neural network add synergy coefficients, improvement weights, and convergence factors in different dimensions.


## 4.1. Model Performance Judgment

The classical neural network algorithm, neural network algorithm, and neural network algorithm based on genetic algorithm which are tested with Filer, Rastring, Ackley, and other functions to verify the performance of the model proposed in this paper.Filer function is the globally unique minimum value function of the test model [18], and the formula is as follows:(13)F1x=∑i=1nxi2.Rastring function generates local minimum frequently through cosine modulation transfer function to verify the practicability of model solution [19]. The formula is as follows:(14)F2x=∑i=1nxi2−10cos2πxi+10.Ackley function is a gradient optimization function of multi-dimensional points to test the calculation speed of multi-dimensional data to detect the global convergence speed. The formula is as follows:(15)F3x=−20exp−0.2∑i=1n1n∑i=1nxi2−exp1n∑i=1ncos2πxi+20+e,where n is the total number of indicators for calculating data and xi is any number of indicators. The value range of xi in filer function is {- 100100}, that in rastring function is{- 5.12, 5.12}, and that in Ackley function is {- 32, 32}.In order to facilitate calculation, the number of neural networks in this paper isn = 100, the maximum number of iterations is D = 30, and the maximum time is T = 16 months. The above three functions are tested, respectively. In order to reduce the impact of randomness on the results, take the average of 7 times the results. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 1.Table 1
The test results of different functions.
Detection functionAlgorithmValue rangeAd (E)SdGlobal optimal solutionFilerGenetic algorithm1.81E-6∼0.13e-111.33–70.91 E-60Neural network algorithm1.61E-7∼0.04e-101.13–80.31 E-8Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm1.43E-9∼0.13e-110.91–90.17 E-10RastringGenetic algorithm3.33E-7∼1.13e-111.01–70.90 E-80Neural network algorithm1.63E-4∼1.43e-101.11–41.13 E-5Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm1.31E-7∼1.81e-111.14–71.37 E-8AckleyGenetic algorithm6.71E-7∼1.13e-134.11–71.11 E-80Neural network algorithm4.71E-6∼1.13e-131.13–60.77 E-7Genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm4.53E-6∼1.13e-111.35–60.11 E-7The convergence diagram of each data in Table1 is shown in Figures 5–7.Figure 5
The optimization convergence result of filer function.Figure 6
The convergence results of rastring function optimization.Figure 7
The convergence results of Ackley function optimization.It can be seen from Table1 that compared with neural network and genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm proposed in this paper is closer to the global optimal value. In terms of standard deviation, average value, and value range, genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm are better than the other two algorithms. According to the curve changes in Figures 5–7, the genetic and neural network algorithms have better stability and faster convergence speed. Therefore, the convergence speed, calculation accuracy, and summation stability of genetic and neural network algorithms are better.


## 4.2. Case Data and Preprocessing

There are some missing data in the sample data in this paper, which is compensated by default value in the later stage. The prediction dataset of behavior recognition includes digital behavior, bionic behavior, natural behavior, psychological behavior, and expected behavior. After preliminary data preprocessing, 1982 lines of structured data and 38 lines of semistructured data are obtained. In order to facilitate data analysis, behavior recognition is divided into five levels: relatively intelligent, intelligent, general, not intelligent, and relatively not intelligent. The processing results of data volume are shown in Table2.Table 2
The classification and proportion of sports behavior recognition.
Identification levelData volume (PCs.)Proportion (%)Intelligent identification48323.90Accurate identification104351.61General identification33216.43Unidentification974.80Special identification663.27Note. The indicators of this paper come from domestic literature and expert questionnaire.Due to lack of some data in this paper, the data from January 1, 2019, to July 22, 2020, are taken as the training set, with a total of 1345 pieces; the data from July 22, 2020, to December 1, 2021, are taken as the test set, with a total of 676 pieces.


## 4.3. Test Results

In order to verify the genetic and neural network algorithms proposed in this paper, the results are compared with those of genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. The results are shown in Figure8.Figure 8
Test results of different algorithms.As can be seen from Figure8, in terms of calculation accuracy, The accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper is higher than the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm, respectively, after analysis the error rate is also lower than that of the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. In addition, the algorithm proposed in this paper has better computational stability, which is better than the single genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm. The calculation results of different algorithms are shown in Table 3.Table 3
The comparison of prediction accuracy of different grades.
AlgorithmIntelligent identificationAccurate identificationGeneral identificationUnidentificationNone identificationGenetic algorithm47.2359.2237.2838.3435.94Neural network algorithm82.3280.1381.3382.4781.91Genetic algorithm and neural network86.4186.2787.1785.4987.70It can be seen from Table3 that the single neural network algorithm and genetic algorithm have the problems of insufficient accuracy and large variation of calculation results in different levels of behavior recognition and prediction. Compared with the neural network algorithm, the accuracy of the algorithm constructed in this paper is significantly improved. At the same time, the accuracy is close to that of neural network algorithm, which is more than 80%, which is better than genetic algorithm. In order to further verify the advantages of genetic and neural network algorithms, the optimal fitness values of different algorithms are compared, and the results are shown in Figure 9.Figure 9
Fitness optimization results of genetic algorithm and combined genetic and neural network algorithms.It can be seen from Figure9 that the optimization of fitness function results of genetic and neural network algorithms is more significant. The reason is that genetic algorithm and neural network add synergy coefficients, improvement weights, and convergence factors in different dimensions.


## 5. Conclusion

To sum up, the model of genetic algorithm combined with neural network constructed in this paper can identify and predict behavior more accurately and quickly, and its calculation results are basically consistent with the actual requirements. This paper puts forward the theory of genetic algorithm and improves the neural network algorithm combined with multi-dimensional coevolution method. At the same time, the threshold and weight of the neural network algorithm are set, and the behavior recognition analysis model is constructed. The results show that compared with the classical neural network algorithm and genetic algorithm, the prediction accuracy and convergence of behavior recognition based on genetic algorithm combined with neural network algorithm are better, and the behavior recognition can be judged. However, in this model, the multi-dimensional cooperation strategy pays too much attention to the global search ability, resulting in the relative decline of the local search ability and the reduction of the calculation speed of the optimal solution. Therefore, in the future research, the equilibrium coefficient and filter function will be added to improve the solving ability of the model.



---

*Source: 3552908-2022-03-26.xml*